-
@ 95543309:196c540e
2025-05-11 12:42:09Lets see if this works with the blossom upload and without markdown hassle.
:cat:
https://blossom.primal.net/73a099f931366732c18dd60da82db6ef65bb368eb96756f07d9fa7a8a3644009.mp4
-
@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-13 00:19:14
► Social Media Tools
- 🌐 alternative-frontends, Farside / 2 or PrivacyRedirect - Frontend Indexes
- ↪️ Android Social Media Apps / iOS
- ⭐ GrayJay - Combines YouTube, Twitch, Rumble, etc. / Guide
- ⭐ SocialBlade - Social Media Stats
- ⭐ LiveCounts - Live Social Media Stats
- ⭐ LibRedirect / GitHub, Predirect or Proxy Redirect - Frontend Redirect Extensions
- Numblr - Self-Hosted Frontend Redirect
- Proxitok, Urlebird or OffTikTok - TikTok Frontends
- Social-Searcher, WeVerify or Social Media CSE - Social Media Search Engines
- Social Media Hacker List - Social Media Apps / Tools
- ExportComments - Export Social Media Comments
- socid_extractor - Extract Social Media User Info from Pages
- BlackTwist - Free Threads Analytics
- Schedul - Threads Content Publishing & Scheduling
- Mind Your Banners - Social Media Banner Design
- CleanSnap - Customize Social Media Screenshots
► Discord Tools
- Warning - Misuse of chat archivers, mass-deleters, mods or third-party clients is against Discord's terms of service, so use at your own risk.
- ⭐ embeds.video, x266, Stolen Shoes, embedez or Discord Embedder - Discord Video Embedders
- ⭐ Disblock Origin or Discord Adblock - Hide Nitro / Boost Ads
- ⭐ Revolt / Bots / Resources or Guilded - Discord Alternatives
- ⭐ OpenAsar - Improved Discord Desktop's Asar / Discord / GitHub
- AnswersOverflow - Discord Search Engine
- DiscordFS - Discord File Search
- Discord Downloader Go - Discord File Downloader
- Toolscord, discord.id or Discord Avatar - Avatar Downloaders
- Disbox - Discord Cloud Storage
- Discrub - Message Manipulation / Export Tool
- Discord Chat Exporter / Python or Discord History Tracker / GitHub - Archive / Export Discord Chats
- Wumpus Central - Discord Experimental Server Hub
- SimpleDiscordCrypt - Discord Message Encryption
- Permissions Calculator - Generate Discord OAuth Invites
- dsc.gg - Create Custom Discord Invites
- Discord Previews - New Discord Builds / Changes
- instaparty - Temporary Discord Servers
- Discord Templates - Discord Server Templates
- Discord UI Mockup - Discord UI Mockups
- discord-badges - Discord Badges Image Files
- Discord Creation Date Check - Check Creation Date of User / Channel / Server
- Discord Lookup - Look up a Discord User or Bot ID
- Guild Counter - Check How Many Servers You're In
- Discord Dev Badges, active-developer-badge or GiveMeBadge - Unlock Discord Dev Badges / Script
- Discord-Api - Discord API Chat
- Discord-Datamining - Discord Datamining via JS Files
- Discord TTS Bot - Text to Speech for Discord
- Discord Webhooks Guide - Webhooks Guide
- Webhooker - Simple Webhooks App
- Embed Visualizer - Preview Embeds
- BetterTwitFix - Fix X.com / Telegram Embeds
- 8mb.video or @Snooober's Script - Encode Videos to <8MB
- Discord Packages - View Discord Packages / Self Host for Privacy / Discord
- Soundboards.gg - Discord Soundboard Sounds
- Hammertime, Dank.tools, Timestamp Maker, discord-timestamps or discordtimestampgenerator - Discord Timestamp Generators
- TagMap - Meet People with Similar Interests
▷ Discord Clients
- 🌐 Discord3rdParties - Discord Clients Index
- ⭐ Vencord - Discord Client Mod / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ WebCord - Privacy-Hardened Client / Discord
- Replugged - Discord Client Mod / Discord
- Legcord - Discord Client / Lightweight / Discord
- GoofCord - Privacy-Focused Legcord Fork
- BetterDiscord - Discord Client Mod / Discord / GitHub
- BetterDiscord Tools - Plugins / Banned Plugins / Nitro / Re-install Guide
- abaddon - Discord Client Mod / Lightweight / Discord
- Discordo - Discord Terminal Client
- Vesktop - Web Client w/ Vencord Preinstalled
- Spacebar - Self-hostable Discord Compatible Client
- Dorion - Lightweight Discord Client / GitHub
- Dissent - GTK4 Discord Client
- Discord Portable / PTB PortApps - Portable Discord Stable
▷ Client Customization
- 🌐 Client Themes or Discord Themes - Client Theme Index
- ⭐ Discohook, Embed Creator or Embed Generator - Embed Generators
- ⭐ CustomRP - Customizable Rich Presence
- BD Editor - Client Theme Editor
- ChromaDiscordApp - Chroma Light for Discord
- Overlayed - Alternative Discord VC Overlay / GitHub
- BeautifulDiscord - Custom CSS Support
- ansi-colors-discord.md - Discord ANSI Text Guide
- Coloured-Text-Generator - Discord ANSI Text Generator
- Auto Creative - Animated Icon / Banner Generator
- Discord Decorations - Free Discord Avatar Decorations
- Discord Avatar Maker - Discord Avatar Creator
- Better Default Discord - Improved Default Discord Avatars
- Pfps.gg - Find Discord Avatars
- usrbg - Custom Discord Profile Backgrounds
- Disgradient - Discord Folder / Role Color Gradients
- Nelly, mgcounts / Discord or Discord.band - Discord Server Tag Lists
- Emoji List - Discord Emojis / GIFs
- Discord-Emoji-Downloader - Emoji Downloader
- ImageClipboard, Slackmoji or emoji.gg - Free Discord Nitro Emojis
- Snowsgiving Icons & Emotes - Snowsgiving Event Icons / Emojis
- Discord Text to Emoji - Convert Text to Discord Emojis
- Stickers.gg - Free Discord Stickers
- PreMiD - Display Web Activity in Discord Status / GitHub / Discord
- Music Presence - Audio Player Rich Presence / Discord
- Jellyfin RPC - Jellyfin Rich Presence
- Adobe Discord RPC - Adobe Rich Presence
- PS3 Rich - PS3 Rich Presence
- discord-vscode - VSCode Rich Presence / GitHub
▷ Discord Bots
- ⭐ FreeStuff Bot - Free Games Alert Bot / Discord / Telegram
- FixEmbed - Fix Embeds on Discord Bot
- esmBot - Image / Music Bot
- NotQuiteNitro - Discord Nitro Alternative
- fmbot - Discord Voice Chat Scrobbling
- Chuu - Last.fm Discord Bot
- Craig - Voice Channel Recorder Bot / Backup
- MonitoRSS or ReadyBot - RSS Discord Bots
- Wallabot - Wallabag Discord Bot
- Discord Music Bot, Music-bot / Discord, Chip, MusicBot or EvoBot - Music Bots
- Steambase Bot - Steam Insights Bot
- Red Discordbot, Discord-Bot or Loritta - Self-Hostable Discord Moderation Bots
- Wickbot - Discord Security Bot
- anti-phishing-bot - Discord Anti-Phishing Bot
- Automod Config - Automod Bot Config
- Modmail - Discord Modmail Bot
- Discord-Linux - Linux Container Bot
▷ Server / Bot Indexes
- 🌐 Alternatives to MEE6 - MEE6 Alternatives / Discord
- UnFocused - Server Index / Discord
- DISBOARD - Server Index
- Discadia - Server / Bot Index
- Discords.com - Server / Bot Index
- Discord Me - Server / Bot Index
- Discord Servers - Server Index
- DiscordServers.com - Server / Bot Index
- Disforge - Server / Bot Index
- Open Source Projects - Server / Bot Index
- BotBlock - Bot Index
- Top.gg - Bot Index
- Bots on Discord - Bot Index
- Discord Bots - Bot Index
- Top Bots - Bot Index
- Infinity Bot List - Bot Index
- Discord Services - Bot Index
- DiscordBots - Bot Index
- Discord Bot List - Bot Index
- Carbon Bot List - Bot Index
- Botlist.me - Bot Index
- Void Bots - Bot Index
- Discord Botlist - Bot Index
► Reddit Tools
- ⭐ Reddit Stream - Live Thread Viewer
- ⭐ Reddit Enhancement Suite, Reddit++, Reddit Fix, Reddit Extension, RedditEnhancer or RedditMod2 - Reddit Enhancement Extensions / Scripts
- ⭐ Old Reddit Redirect - Redirect New Reddit to Old
- Redlib / 2 or Photon, reditr, RDX - Reddit Frontends
- Redditp or Reddit Viewer - Reddit TikTok Style Viewers
- Beleave or SubCleaner - Subreddit Cleaners / Managers
- Reddit Comber or Sub Notification - Reddit Keyword Notifications
- Reddit Preview - Preview Reddit Posts
- RedditRaffler - Reddit Raffle System
- SubTransfer - Export / Transfer Subreddits
- PowerDeleteSuite - Reddit Auto Post Delete
- SnooSnoop - Reddit Account Analyzer
- Reddit Emojis - Emojis for Old Reddit
- Subreddit Tabs - Subreddit Icon Tabs
- Reddit Comment Highlights - Highlight New Comments
- Newsit - Find Reddit Comments for any Webpage
- infini.wtf - Reddit Image Search
- Load Reddit Images Directly - Direct Image Viewer
- When to Post - Best Reddit Posting Times
- UniversalScammerList - List of Reddit Scammers
▷ Reddit Downloaders
- Note - You can also download Reddit videos by commenting "/u/SaveVideo".
- Viddit - Reddit Video Downloaders
- gallery-dl - Reddit Bulk Image Downloaders
- saveddit - Reddit Bulk Media Downloaders
▷ Reddit Alternatives
- ↪️ Lemmy Tools
- ⭐ Raddle - Minimalist / Privacy-Focused
- ⭐ Saidit - Free-Speech / Dual Upvote System
- /r/RedditAlternatives - Find Reddit Alternatives
- TheMotte - User-Driven Discussion
- Tildes - Non-Profit / User-Driven Discussion
- Scored - User-Driven Discussion
- Ramble - Privacy-Focused
- Squabblr - X.com / Reddit Style Alt
- Discuit - Centralized Reddit Alt with User Control
▷ Reddit Search
- ⭐ TheGigaBrain - Reddit Search Engines
- ⭐ Reddit Repost Sleuth - Reverse Post / Image Search
- ⭐ Undelete or Reveddit - View Deleted Reddit Posts / Comments
- New PullPush / 2 / 3, Samac or Better Reddit Search - Advanced Reddit Search
- Redditle - Reddit-Only Google Search
- Arctic Shift - Reddit Archive Dump Search / GitHub
- Reddit Dump Files - Reddit Comment Archives
- Expanse, redarcs or Rareddit - Reddit Post Archive Tools / Note
- RedditMetis, Reddit-User-Analyser or Redective - Reddit Profile Information
- rComments - Explore Comments / Replies without Clicking a Post
- ScrollDrop - Reddit Media Crawler
- Wiki Downloader - Reddit Wiki Page Scraper
- Find on Reddit - Find Discussions of the Current URL
- PullPush - Reddit Content API / Discord
▷ Subreddit Discovery
- 🌐 /r/ListOfSubreddits - Subreddits Index
- ↪️ Multireddit Indexes
- ⭐ Vizit, sayit, subreddit_map or SubredditMentionsGraph - Visualize Related Subreddits
- FindAReddit - Get Subreddit Suggestions / Subreddit
- Subreddit Calculator or redsim - Find Similar Subreddits
- Map of Reddit or Reddit Map - Subreddit Maps
- subreddits - Find Random Subreddits
- /r/Serendipity - Posts from Random Subreddits
- /r/wowthissubexists - Find Niche Subreddits
- Subreddit Stats or SubRanking - Subreddits Stats / Ranking
► Telegram Tools
- 🌐 TDirectory, Telemetr, Telegram Channels, Awesome Telegram - Telegram Channel Indexes
- 🌐 ComBot Groups - Top Telegram Groups Index
- Telegago, 2, Lyzem, xTea or TG-ME - Telegram CSEs
- SaveRestrictedContentBot - Save Restricted Content
- Telesco.pe - Telegram Round Video Recorder
- Video Stream - Telegram Video Player
- TGCF - Telegram Message Forwarding
- tg-channel-cloner-workers - Clone Telegram Channels
- tasra - Telegram Channel Archive
- Telegram Email - Email Alias Telegram Bot
- CHPic, Stickers Cloud, ComBot Stickers or moe_sticker_bot - Telegram Sticker / Emojis
▷ Telegram Clients
- ↪️ Android Telegram Clients
- ⭐ web.telegram / 2 / 3 - Web Client
- ⭐ Materialgram - Desktop Client / Portable
- ⭐ Unigram - Desktop Client
- TDesktop - Desktop Client
- TDesktop x64 - Desktop Client / Telegram
- VideoGram - Desktop Client
- AyuGram - Desktop Client / GitHub
- Pyrogram - Telegram API Client
- Telega.el - Telegram Emacs Client
- VanillaTG - Client Themes
▷ Telegram File Tools
- ⭐ Teldrive - File Manager / Uploader / Discord / GitHub
- File-Sharing-Bot / Telegram, TelegramCloud, easy_share_bot or UploadBot - Upload Files to Telegram
- MediaDownBot, WZML-X, Telegram Media Downloader, TopSaverBot, CatdlBot or DownloadsMasterBot - Media Downloaders
- Musvkrobot - Video Downloader
- GdriveXbot, google-drive-telegram-bot or Python Aria Mirror Bot - Google Drive Upload Bots
- SearchX - Google Drive Search Bot
- MEGA Uploader X or Mega-Bot - Remote Mega File Upload Bot
- OneDrive X - Remote OneDrive File Upload Bot
- MultiUpload-Bot - Telegram to File Host Upload Bot
- telegram-download-daemon - Download Large Telegram Files
- convrt_bot, FileConvertBot, newfileconverterbot or pdfbot - File Converters
- ILovePDF - Telegram File to PDF Converter
▷ Telegram Bots
- 🌐 BotsArchive, TelegramBotsList or borodutch.eth - Telegram Bots Indexes
- Now Playing - Now Playing Audio Bot
- Searchee Bot - Telegram Channel Search Bot
- Rose or GroupHelpBot - Telegram Group Managers
- TediCross - Telegram to Discord Bridge
- WatgBridge - Telegram to WhatsApp Bridge
- Mautrix - Telegram to Matrix Bridge
- Callmebot - Trigger Voice Calls or Chats
- Skeddy - Telegram Reminder Bot
- Reddit2Telegram - Reddit Post Bot
- rss2tg_bot or TheFeedReaderBot - RSS Feed Bots
- ShortUrlBot - Link Shortener Bots
- AiImageBot - Text to Image
- Shieldy Bot - Spam Protection Bot / GitHub
- ProxyBot, proxy_socks5_bot or ShadowSocks_bot - Telegram Proxy Bots
- /r/TelegramBots - Telegram Bots Discussion
► YouTube Tools
- ⭐ PocketTube or Kadium - Subscription Managers
- Youtube-shorts block or Shorts Deflector / GitHub - Play Shorts In The Normal Desktop Interface
- Remove YouTube Shorts or Hide YT Shorts Filter List - Hide YouTube Shorts
- YouTube Wrapped - Personal YouTube Rewind
- YouTube-Subscriptions-RSS - Export Subscriptions to RSS Feed
- YouTube Subscription History - Subscription History Tracker
- MassYoutubeUnsubscriber - Bulk Remove YouTube Subscriptions
- YouTube Spammer Purge - Delete All YouTube Spam Comments / Domain List
- Playboard or Viewstats - YouTube Channel Stats
- vidIQ - YouTube Viewership Data
- yt2pod - Create Podcasts from YouTube Channels
- SpeechChat - Text to Speech Client
- Rapidtags - YouTube Tag Generator
- songs-to-youtube - Convert Audio Files and Upload to YouTube
- YTSubConverter - Styled YouTube Subtitles
- Amara or SubtitlesForYoutube - Import Local Subtitles to YouTube / Edge
- ChatReplay - Livestream Chat Replay
- LiveTL - Livestream Chat Translator
- YT Boost Chat or YT RM3 - Reduce YouTube Chat Memory Usage
- YT LiveChat Flusher - Add Bullet Chatting (Danmaku) to Livestreams
▷ YouTube Customization
- ⭐ Return YouTube Dislike - View YouTube Dislikes / Web App / Discord
- ⭐ DeArrow or Clickbait Remover - Reduce Sensationalism / Clickbait
- ⭐ UnTrap, TubeMod or Less Addictive YouTube - Distraction-Free YouTube
- ImprovedTube, YouTube Alchemy, Tweaks for YT, Magic Actions or Enhancer for YT / Note - YouTube Enhancement Extensions
- PKGA or YouTube WideScreen - Improved YouTube Theater Mode
- YouTube Hide Watched - Toggle Visibility of Watched Videos / Shorts
- Fast Forward YT Shorts - Add Seek Hotkeys to Shorts
- Thumbnail Rating Bar - Display Like / Dislike Ratio on Thumbnails
- YT Like-Dislike Shortcut - Add Like / Dislike Hotkeys
- YT: Not Interested - Show "Not Interested" and "Don't Recommend" Buttons
- YouTube Grid View - View Search Results in Grid View
- YouTube Search Fixer - Declutter Search Results / Homepage
- BlockTube or YTBlock - YouTube Content Blocker
- YouTube Fixes - YouTube Tweaks
- Restore Handle to Custom - Shows Display Name Instead of Handle
- Focused YouTube, yt-neuter or GoodTube - Minimalist YouTube
- YouTube Redux, VORAPIS / Extra Features / Discord or Cosmic Cat - Restore Classic YouTube Layout / /r/OldYouTubeLayout
- Non-Rounded Design - Revert YouTube's New Rounded Design
- Timestamped YouTube Comments - View Timestamped Comments
- Tabview YouTube - View Comments / Info in Tab View
▷ Players / Frontends
- ↪️ Android YouTube Apps / iOS
- ⭐ FreeTube - Local YouTube Frontend / GitHub
- ⭐ Invidious, Invuedious or Materialio - YouTube Frontends / Instances, 2 / TUI
- ⭐ GrayJay - Combines YouTube, Twitch, Rumble, etc. / Guide
- YouTube Notes - YouTube Note-Taking Frontend
- Walrus, Sync-Tube, YouTube Party or Hergetto - YouTube Watch Parties
- TwitchTheater, VidGrid, YouTube Multiplier or ViewSync - Watch Multiple YouTube Videos
- YouTube Clone KMP - YouTube Frontend
- Poke - YouTube Frontend
- Piped / 2 / 3 - YouTube Frontend
- Tube Cadence - YouTube Frontend
- youtube-local or yt-local - YouTube Frontend
- YouT-ube - YouTube Frontend
- Ytfzf or YewTube - Terminal YouTube Players
▷ Video Tools
- ↪️ Summarize YT Videos
- ↪️ Video Transcribers
- ⭐ SponsorBlock - Skip Sponsored Video Segments / Chromecast / Script, 2
- ⭐ polsy.org.uk - Video Region Restriction Checker
- Video Resumer - Remembers Where You Left Off in Video
- Jump Cutter - Skip Silent Parts of Videos
- Rotate YouTube Video - Rotate, Zoom, & Mirror Videos
- YouTube Upload Time - Check Exact Upload Time/Date of Videos
- Annotations Data Archive - Restore Video Annotations
- YouTube Metadata - YouTube Video Metadata Viewer
- YT Cutter or yt_clipper - Crop YouTube Videos / Create Clips
- Looptube - Loop YouTube Videos / Segments
- YourCodecs - Enable / Disable Player Codecs
- Video Speed Controller - Control Speed of YouTube Videos
▷ Playlist Tools
- ⭐ playlists.at - Playlist Creators / Chrome Extension
- TubeSync - Sync YouTube Channels / Playlists to a Media Server
- ytcc - Keep Track of Your Playlists
- Multiselect (Firefox) or Multiselect (Chrome) - Playlist Manager
- Playlist Randomizer - YouTube Playlist Randomizer
- playlist.tools - Reverse YouTube Playlists
- YT Playlist Length / 2 or Length Checker - Playlist Length Checkers
- YouTubePlaylistMerge - Playlist Merge Guide
▷ YouTube Downloaders
- 🌐 YT-DL GUI Index - List of YouTube Downloader GUIs
- ↪️ Multi-Site Downloaders
- ⭐ yt-dlp - YouTube CLI Downloader / Commands / Discord
- ⭐ JDownloader - YouTube Downloader App
- ⭐ cobalt - Multi-Site / Online Downloader / Instances / Playlist Support, 2
- ⭐ Parabolic or Tartube - Cross-Platform YT-DLP GUIs
- ⭐ YoutubeDownloader - YouTube Downloader App
- ⭐ AMP4 - YouTube Downloader / Online
- Stacher, oleksis youtube-dl-gui or StefanLobbenmeier youtube-dl-gui - Cross-Platform YT-DL GUIs
- yt-dlp-gui / Easy Installer, ytdlp-interface or Vividl - YT-DLP GUIs
- Cube YouTube Downloader - YouTube-DL GUI
- YTDL-PATCHED - YouTube CLI Downloader / YT-DLP Fork
- EZMP3 - YouTube Downloader / Online
- CNVMP3 - YouTube Downloader / Online
- Pinchflat, MeTube, YoutubeDL-Material or yt-dlp Web UI - Self-Hosted YT-DLP
- ytarchive - YouTube Livestream Downloader
- YTI, YTThumbnailHD, Get Thumbs, YT Thumbnail Grabber or thumbnail-download - Download Video Thumbnails
- youtube-comment-downloader - Download YouTube Comments
- YT Subtitle Downloader - Download Video Subtitles
▷ YouTube Search
- 🌐 YouTube_Channels - YouTube Channel Index
- ⭐ Favoree or ChannelCrawler - Discover YouTube Channels
- ⭐ YouTube Advanced Search - Search Engine
- ⭐ Filmot or CTRL-F-VIDEO - Search within YouTube Transcripts / Firefox / Chrome
- comb.io, clip.cafe, InPhrase or Yarn / 2 - Clip / Phrase Search Engines
- yt-fts - Full-Text Search of Subtitles from Channels / Videos
- Icono - Description-Based Video Search / Discord
- MW Geofind or TubeTrotter - Find Geotagged Videos
- YT Comment Viewer, CommentShark, Hadzy or YCF - YouTube Comment Search
- Tokin - Find Trending / Hidden Gem Videos
- Project Random or petittube - Find Videos with <100 Views
- Find-Unfinished-YT - Find Partially Watched Videos
- IMG_0001 - Find Random YouTube Videos
▷ YouTube Archiving
- ⭐ YouTube Video Finder - Multi-Site Archive Search / GitHub
- Tubeup - YouTube Video to IA Uploader
- Tube Archivist - Self-Hosted YouTube Media Server / GitHub
- yark - YouTube Channel Archiver
- Filmot - Search Unlisted Videos
- Hobune or PreserveTube - YouTube Video Archives
- youtubecrawl - Captures of Pages From YouTube (IA)
- Filmot Title Restorer, quite a playlist or RecoverMy.Video - Restore Titles of Deleted / Private Videos
► Twitch Tools
- 🌐 SullyGnome - Twitch Tool Index
- 🌐 Twitch Extensions - Twitch Extensions Index
- ⭐ FrankerFacez, BetterTTV or 7TV - Twitch Enhancement Extensions
- ⭐ TwitchNoSub or Sub-Vod - Watch Sub Only Twitch Videos
- ⭐ Stream Scheme - Livestreaming Guides / Resources
- Gumbo or Twitch-Live - Twitch Stream Trackers
- HypeTrigger - Automatically Create Clips
- Twitch Clip Search - Search for Clips
- VODarchive or TwitchArchive - Twitch Video Archives
- Twitch Previews or Previews - Twitch Video Previews
- Unwanted Twitch - Hide Twitch Categories / Channels
- vTwitch - Show Chat Below Player
- JChat - Show Twitch Chat on Screen
- Hide-Twitch-Chat-Users - Hide Twitch Chat Users
- TwitchChatDanmaku, Transparent-Twitch-Chat or Transparent Twitch Chat Overlay - Transparent Twitch Chat
- Screenshot Twitch - Add Screenshot Button to Twitch
- Auto-Claim-Twitch-Channel-Points or TTVDropBot - Auto Claim Twitch Points
- Twitch Drops Miner - Auto Claim Twitch Drops
- TwitchRSS or twitchrss - Twitch RSS Generators
- Streamlink Twitch GUI - Twitch Browser for Streamlink
- get stream - Extract Twitch URLs
- Lurker.tv - Discord Server-Based Twitch Stream Recs
- Twitch TV OBS Subtitles - Add Subtitles to Twitch Stream
- StreamLadder - Social Media Templates for Twitch Clips
- TwitchLeak - Twitch Top Earners Table
- TwitchQuotes - Twitch Copypastas
- TwitchEmotes - Global Twitch Emotes
- ChatGuessr - GeoGuessr for Twitch
- TwitchInsights, StreamCharts or TwitchTracker - Twitch Stats
- Trovo, Kick, dlive, Caffeine, Lightspeed or Theta - Twitch Alternatives
▷ Twitch Players
- ⭐ Chatterino / 2, Chatterino Homies or Chatty - Twitch Chat Clients
- Orion, Twitch App or Tress - Twitch Desktop Clients
- SpeechChat - Twitch Text to Speech Client
- Twitch Lite, SafeTwitch or Twineo - Twitch Frontends
- Walrus - Make Twitch Watch Parties
- MultiTwitch.tv, MultiTwitch.co, Twitch3D, Multi, MultiStre.am, MultiStreamer or TwitchTheater - Twitch Multi-Stream
- Twitchls - HTML5 Twitch Stream Player
- nobody.live or Twitch Roulette - Random Stream Roulette
- Alternate Player for Twitch.tv - Alternative Twitch Player
- Twitch Replay - Twitch Video Player
- Twitch Lurker - Twitch Stream Auto-Open
▷ Twitch Adblockers
- 🌐 TwitchAdSolutions - Solutions / Scripts for Blocking Twitch Ads
- ⭐ AdGuardExtra - Twitch Adblocker
- TTV LOL PRO - Twitch Adblocker / Proxies
- PurpleAdblock - Twitch Adblocker
- luminous-ttv - Twitch Adblocker
- PurpleTV / Alpha / Telegram or TwitchAdBlock - Mobile Ad-Free Twitch Apps
▷ Twitch Downloaders
- ClipsGameLab, Twiclips or clipsey - Video Downloaders
- twitch-dl, twitch-downloader or Twitch clips downloader - CLI Video Downloaders
- Twitch Downloader or TwitchLink - Desktop Video Downloaders
- TwitchRecover - Recover / View / Download Twitch Videos
- Twitch-Chat-Downloader - Download Twitch Chat Messages
► Twitter/X Tools
- ⭐ Trends24 or GetDayTrends - Trending Hashtags Trackers
- ⭐ /r/Twitter - X.com Subreddit
- Typefully - Schedule Tweets
- twstalker, X Cancelled or nitter, 2 / Instances, 2 - X.com Frontends
- Chirr App - Turn Articles into X.com Threads / Firefox / Chrome
- Klear - Find Influencers
- FollowerWonk - Find / Analyze / Optimize Followers
- Scoutzen - Search X.com Use Lists
- Community Notes Leaderboard - X.com Community Notes Leaderboard
- Hoaxy - Twitter Info Spread Data
- tinfoleak - View Your Geosocial Footprint
- Twitter Mass Unfollow - X.com Unfollow Tool
- Twitter Detector - Detect X.com Link on a Page
▷ Twitter/X Archiving
- Thread Safe - Twitter Backup Tool
- TwitterMediaHarvest or InThisTweet - Twitter Media Downloader
- GetVideoBot or sssTwitter - Download Twitter Videos
- Pikaso - Twitter Screenshot Bot
- memory.lol - Twitter Account Archive
- Ghost Archive or Megalodon - Twitter Archive Services
- Twitter Archive Parser or twitter-web-exporter - Tweet Archivers
- Twayback Machine - View Users' Old Tweets
- TweetedAt - View Tweet Dates
▷ Twitter/X Customization
- ⭐ Eight Dollars - Show Twitter Blue vs. Real Verified Users
- Control Panel for Twitter - Twitter Enhancement Extensions
- Minimal Twitter - Minimal Twitter Themes
- OldTwitter or GoodTwitter2 - Original Twitter Theme
- OldTweetDeck - Twitter Dashboard
- Twitter Plus - View Twitter Images in Original Quality
- Twitter Demetricator - Remove All Twitter Metrics
- Thread Reader App - Unroll Twitter Threads / Search
- Hide Content Warning or Disable Blur - Remove Sensitive Content Blur
► Facebook Tools
- ⭐ Facebook Ad Filters - Facebook Filters
- FBPurity - Facebook Enhancement Extensions
- Caprine - Facebook Desktop Messenger
- Social Tools - Block "Sending" & "Seen" Facebook Chat Indicators
- Charcoal Dark Mode - Facebook Messenger Dark Mode
- Facebook Matrix - Facebook Search Formulas
- Graph.tips - Advanced Facebook Search Tool
- WhoPostedWhat - Facebook Post Search
- FB.Zone - Color Themes for Facebook
- Kill Fbclid or Remove FBclid - Removes fbclid and utm_ Query Parameters in URLs
- News Feed Eradicator - Hide Facebook News Feed
- Lookup ID - Find Facebook ID
- Unlike-Everything - Remove All Facebook Likes
► Instagram Tools
- 🌐 Instagram Tools - Multiple Tools
- 🌐 Instagram Search Tools - Search Tool
- ↪️ Instagram Viewers / Downloaders - View Profiles / Download Pictures
- ⭐ Redirect Logins - Redirect Instagram Login
- InstaFix - Fix Instagram Embeds on Discord / GitHub
- Proxigram or Imginn - Instagram Frontends
- otzberg or Find-User-ID - ID Finder
- Image Counter - Count Page Images
- InstaAddict - Instagram Addiction Test
- Unfollow-Everyone - Bulk Instagram Unfollow
- InstagramUnfollowers - Check Who Follows Back / GitHub
- Instagram Experiments Guide
► Tumblr Tools
- Tumlook, Tumgik or PriviBlur - Tumblr Frontends
- Pillowfort - Tumblr Alternatives
- tumblr-utils - Tumblr Utilities
- XKit - Tumblr Enhancement Extension
- tumbex - Tumblr Search
- Outbox for Tumblr - Tumblr Outbox
- TumblrOriginalPostFinder - Tumblr Post Finder
- Tumbl Backup Guide or TumblThree - Tumblr Backup Tools
- Palettes for Tumblr - Tumblr Palettes
- Filtering Plus - Improved Filtering
► Fediverse Tools
- 🌐 Awesome Bluesky or BlueskyDirectory - Bluesky Resources
- 🌐 Fediverse.Party - Fediverse Software Index
- ⭐ Fediverse Observer - Fediverse Instances
- ⭐ Bluesky - Federated Twitter Alternative / App Directory / Twitter Import, 2 / TUI / Dashboard
- FediDB or The Federation - Network Statistics
- Fedi.Tips - Fediverse Guide
- FediSearch - Fediverse Search
- Fedi.Garden - Curated User Directory
- Fediverse People Directory - Self-Submitted User Directory
- Hubzilla Public Sites - Hubzilla Instances
- Friendica Directory - Friendica Instances
- DarkSky - Bluesky Client
- Diaspora or Friendica - Decentralized Social Netoworks
- FediverseRedirect - Frontend Redirect
- Bridgy Fed - Fediverse Bridge
- PodcastAP - Podcast Feed Bridge
- The Fediverse Report - Fediverse News
- FediBuzz - Fediverse Trends
▷ Mastodon Tools
- 🌐 Awesome Mastodon, 2 - Mastodon Resources
- ⭐ instances.social or Mastodon Near Me - Mastodon Instances
- ⭐ Mastodon Apps - Mastodon Client List
- Phanpy or Mastodeck - Mastodon Clients
- MastoVue or FediWall - View Public Timelines / Hashtags
- Followgraph or StreetPass - Find Mastodon Users
- MastoGizmos - Mastodon Search Tools
- western.social - User Search
- Tootfinder - Opt-In Full Text Search
- Mastodon Scheduler or FediPlan - Schedule Posts
- Mastodon List Manager or Mastodon Lists Manager - Bulk List Editors
- Mastodon Share Bookmarklet Creator - Quick Share Bookmarklet
- fedv.link - Mastodon Link Redirect
- Mastodon Embed Timeline or Mastofeed - Embedded Mastodon Feeds
- Cheap Bots, Toot Sweet! - Create Bots
- emojos.in - Mastodon Custom Emoji Lists
- MastoMetrics - Mastodon Analytics
▷ Lemmy Tools
- ⭐ Lemmy Explorer or Awesome Lemmy Instances - Lemmy Instances
- ⭐ Lemmy Apps - Lemmy Client List
- ⭐ Divisions by zero - Piracy Focused Instance
- Quiblr - Lemmy Instance Browser / GitHub
- Fediverser - Reddit to Lemmy Community Auto-Sync
- LemmyTools - Lemmy Improvement Extension
▷ Pixelfed Tools
- 🌐 Pixelfed Apps - Pixelfed Client List
- The Federation Pixelfed - Pixelfed Instances
- FediDB Pixelfed - Pixelfed Instances
- Fediverse Observer Pixelfed - Pixelfed Instances
- Pixelfed.social - Pixelfed Instance
▷ Peertube Tools
- 🌐 Peertube Apps - Peertube Client List
- Sepia Search, 2 - Peertube Search Engine
- Peertube Instances, 2 - Peertube Instances
- The Federation Peertube - Peertube Instances
- FediDB Peertube - Peertube Instances
- Fediverse Observer Peertube - Peertube Instances
► 4chan Tools
- ⭐ AnyChans - 4chan Web Clients
- ⭐ 4chan X, SpookyX, 4chan XT or Dollchan - Enhancement Extensions
- Lurka - Desktop Client
- RedditChan - Reddit Style 4chan Web Client
- 4Webm - Load All Webm Videos in 4chan Thread
- 4stats - 4chan Board / Thread Stats
- Mass Reply or Reply All - Mass Reply on 4chan
- Anon Files Names - Anonymizes File Names
- 4chan GhostPostMixer - Interleave Deleted Posts from Archives
- Tripgen - Imageboard Trip Code Generator
- 4chan Captcha Solver - Auto Captcha Solvers
- Bypass Derefer - Remove Link Derefer
- Extra Flags for 4chan - Add More Flags to 4chan
- ss21, OneeChan or 4cheddit - 4chan Themes
▷ 4chan Archives
- ⭐ boards.4channel, 2 - 4chan Archives
- 4chanSearch or 4search - Search 4chan Archives
- Oldfriend Archive - 2004 - 2014 Archive
- Ten Billion or 4Museum - 2006 - 2008 Archive
- 4GBs of 4chan Threads - 2009 - 2012 Archive
- Archive.4plebs - 2013 - 2023 Archive
- BibAnon - Vyrd's Archive
- Yotsuba Catalog - Yotsuba Archive
- sup/tg/, Palanq.win, Desuarchive, Archived.Moe or The /b/ Archive - Misc 4chan Archives
► Blogging Tools
- ⭐ Bear Blog, Mataroa or smol.pub / Key - Minimalist Blogging Platforms
- Telescope - Publishing Platform
- Arbital - Hybrid Blogging / Wiki Platform
- Dreamwidth - Blogging Platform
- Haven or WriteFreely - Self-Hosted Blogging Platforms
- Notepin - Anonymous Blogging Platform
- Zonelets - Static Blog Template
- twtxt - Decentralized Minimalist Microblogging Service
- Emanates Docs - Make GitHub-Based Blogs
- CoverView - Blog Banner Creator
-
@ a5ee4475:2ca75401
2025-05-12 23:08:17
clients #list #descentralismo #english #article #finalversion
*These clients are generally applications on the Nostr network that allow you to use the same account, regardless of the app used, keeping your messages and profile intact.
**However, you may need to meet certain requirements regarding access and account NIP for some clients, so that you can access them securely and use their features correctly.
CLIENTS
Twitter like
- Nostrmo - [source] 🌐🤖🍎💻(🐧🪟🍎)
- Coracle - Super App [source] 🌐
- Amethyst - Super App with note edit, delete and other stuff with Tor [source] 🤖
- Primal - Social and wallet [source] 🌐🤖🍎
- Iris - [source] 🌐🤖🍎
- Current - [source] 🤖🍎
- FreeFrom 🤖🍎
- Openvibe - Nostr and others (new Plebstr) [source] 🤖🍎
- Snort 🌐(🤖[early access]) [onion] [source]
- Damus 🍎 [source]
- Nos 🍎 [source]
- Nostur 🍎 [source]
- NostrBand 🌐 [info] [source]
- Yana 🤖🍎🌐💻(🐧) [source]
- Nostribe [on development] 🌐 [source]
- Lume 💻(🐧🪟🍎) [info] [source]
- Gossip - [source] 💻(🐧🪟🍎)
- Camelus [early access] 🤖 [source]
Communities
- CCNS - Community Curated Nostr Stuff [source]
- noStrudel - Gamified Experience [onion] [info/source] 🌐
- [Nostrudel Next] - [onion]
- moStard - Nostrudel with Monero [onion] [info/source] 🌐
- Nostr Kiwi [creator] 🌐
- Satellite [info] 🌐
- Flotilla - [source] 🌐🐧
- Chachi - [source] 🌐
- Futr - Coded in haskell [source] 🐧 (others soon)
- Soapbox - Comunnity server [info] [source] 🌐
- Ditto - Soapbox comunnity server 🌐 [source] 🌐
- Cobrafuma - Nostr brazilian community on Ditto [info] 🌐
- Zapddit - Reddit like [source] 🌐
- Voyage (Reddit like) [on development] 🤖
Wiki
Search
- Advanced nostr search - Advanced note search by isolated terms related to a npub profile [source] 🌐
- Nos Today - Global note search by isolated terms [info] [source] 🌐
- Nostr Search Engine - API for Nostr clients [source]
- Ntrends - Trending notes and profiles 🌐
Website
App Store
ZapStore - Permitionless App Store [source] 🤖 💻(🐧🍎)
Video and Live Streaming
- Flare - Youtube like 🌐 [source]
- ZapStream - Live streaming and zap who you want (NIP-53) [source] 🤖(on zapstore) 🌐
- Swae - Live streaming [source] (on development) ⏳
Audio and Podcast Transmission
- Castr - Your npub as podcast feed [source]
- Nostr Nests - Audio Chats [source] 🌐
- Fountain - Podcast [source] 🤖🍎
- Corny Chat - Audio Chat [source] 🌐
Music
- Tidal - Music Streaming [source] [about] [info] 🤖🍎🌐
- Wavlake - Music Streaming [source] 🌐(🤖🍎 [early access])
- Tunestr - Musical Events [source] [about] 🌐
- Stemstr - Musical Colab (paid to post) [source] [about] 🌐
Images
- Lumina - Trending images and pictures [source] 🌐
- Pinstr - Pinterest like [source] 🌐
- Slidestr - DeviantArt like [source] 🌐
- Memestr - ifunny like [source] 🌐
Download and Upload
Documents, graphics and tables
- Mindstr - Mind maps [source] 🌐
- Docstr - Share Docs [info] [source] 🌐
- Formstr - Share Forms [info] 🌐
- Sheetstr - Share Spreadsheets [source] 🌐
- Slide Maker - Share slides 🌐 (advice: https://zaplinks.lol/ and https://zaplinks.lol/slides/ sites are down)
Health
- Sobrkey - Sobriety and mental health [source] 🌐
- NosFabrica - Finding ways for your health data 🌐
- LazerEyes - Eye prescription by DM [source] 🌐
Forum
- OddBean - Hacker News like [info] [source] 🌐
- LowEnt - Forum [info] 🌐
- Swarmstr - Q&A / FAQ [info] 🌐
- Staker News - Hacker News like 🌐 [info]
Direct Messenges (DM)
- 0xchat 🤖🍎 [source]
- Nostr Chat 🌐🍎 [source]
- Blowater 🌐 [source]
- Anigma (new nostrgram) - Telegram based [on development] [source]
- Keychat - Signal based [🤖🍎 on development] [source]
Reading
- nRSS - Nostr RSS reader 🌐
- Highlighter - Insights with a highlighted read [info] 🌐
- Zephyr - Calming to Read [info] 🌐
- Flycat - Clean and Healthy Feed [info] 🌐
- Nosta - Check Profiles [on development] [info] 🌐
- Alexandria - e-Reader and Nostr Knowledge Base (NKB) [source] 🌐
Writing
Lists
- Following - Users list [source] 🌐
- Nostr Unfollower - Nostr Unfollower
- Listr - Lists [source] 🌐
- Nostr potatoes - Movies List source 💻(numpy)
Market and Jobs
- Shopstr - Buy and Sell [source] 🌐
- Nostr Market - Buy and Sell 🌐
- Plebeian Market - Buy and Sell [source] 🌐
- Ostrich Work - Jobs [source] 🌐
- Nostrocket - Jobs [source] 🌐
Data Vending Machines - DVM (NIP90)
(Data-processing tools)
Games
- Chesstr - Chess 🌐 [source]
- Jestr - Chess [source] 🌐
- Snakestr - Snake game [source] 🌐
- DEG Mods - Decentralized Game Mods [info] [source] 🌐
- NG Engine - Nostr Game Engine [source] 🌐
- JmonkeyEngine - Java game engine [source] 🌐
Customization
Like other Services
- Olas - Instagram like [source] 🤖🍎🌐
- Nostree - Linktree like 🌐
- Rabbit - TweetDeck like [info] 🌐
- Zaplinks - Nostr links 🌐
- Omeglestr - Omegle-like Random Chats [source] 🌐
General Uses
- Njump - HTML text gateway source 🌐
- Filestr - HTML midia gateway [source] 🌐
- W3 - Nostr URL shortener [source] 🌐
- Playground - Test Nostr filters [source] 🌐
- Spring - Browser 🌐
Places
- Wherostr - Travel and show where you are
- Arc Map (Mapstr) - Bitcoin Map [info]
Driver and Delivery
- RoadRunner - Uber like [on development] ⏱️
- Nostrlivery - iFood like [on development] ⏱️
[⚠️SCAM⚠️] Arcade City - Uber like [source]
OTHER STUFF
Lightning Wallets (zap)
- Alby - Native and extension [info] 🌐
- ZBD - Gaming and Social [info] 🤖🍎
- Wallet of Satoshi [info] 🤖🍎
- Minibits - Cashu mobile wallet [info] 🤖
- Blink - Opensource custodial wallet (KYC over 1000 usd) [source] 🤖🍎
- LNbits - App and extesion [source] 🤖🍎💻
- Zeus - [info] [source] 🤖🍎
Exchange
Media Server (Upload Links)
audio, image and video
Connected with Nostr (NIP):
- Nostr Build - Free and paid Upload [info] [source] 🌐
- NostrMedia - Written in Go with Nip 96 / Blossom (free and paid) [info] [source]
- Nostr Check - [info] [source] 🌐
- NostPic - [info] [source] 🌐
- Sovbit - Free and paid upload [info] [source] 🌐
- Voidcat - Nip-96 and Blossom [source] 🌐
- Primal Media - [source] 🌐
Blossom - Your Media Safer
Primal Blossom 🌐 NostrBuild Blossom - Free upload (max 100MiB) and paid [info] [source] 🌐
Paid Upload Only
Satellite CDN - prepaid upload (max 5GB each) [info] [source] 🌐
Without Nostr NIP:
- Pomf - Upload larger videos (max 1GB) [source]
- Catbox - max 200 MB [source]
- x0 - max 512 MiB [source]
Donation and payments
- Zapper - Easy Zaps [source] 🌐
- Autozap [source] 🌐
- Zapmeacoffee 🌐
- Nostr Zap 💻(numpy)
- Creatr - Creators subscription 🌐
- Geyzer - Crowdfunding [info] [source] 🌐
- Heya! - Crowdfunding [source]
Security
- Secret Border - Generate offline keys 💻(java)
- Umbrel - Your private relay [source] 🌐
Key signing and Extension
- Nowser - Account access keys 📱(🤖🍎) 💻(🐧🍎🪟)
- Nos2x - Account access keys 🌐
- Nsec.app 🌐 [info]
- Lume - [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎
- Satcom - Share files to discuss - [info] 🌐
- KeysBand - Multi-key signing [source] 🌐
Code
- Nostrify - Share Nostr Frameworks 🌐
- Git Workshop (github like) [experimental] 🌐
- Gitstr (github like) [on development] ⏱️
- Osty [on development] [info] 🌐
- Python Nostr - Python Library for Nostr
- Sybil - Creating, managing and test Nostr events [on development] ⏱️
Relay Check and Cloud
- Nostr Watch - See your relay speed 🌐
- NosDrive - Nostr Relay that saves to Google Drive
Bidges and Getways
- Matrixtr Bridge - Between Matrix & Nostr
- Mostr - Between Nostr & Fediverse
- Nostrss - RSS to Nostr
- Rsslay - Optimized RSS to Nostr [source]
- Atomstr - RSS/Atom to Nostr [source]
Useful Profiles and Trends
nostr-voice - Voice note (just some clients)
NOT RELATED TO NOSTR
Android Keyboards
Personal notes and texts
Front-ends
- Nitter - Twitter / X without your data [source]
- NewPipe - Youtube, Peertube and others, without account & your data [source] 🤖
- Piped - Youtube web without you data [source] 🌐
Other Services
- Brave - Browser [source]
- DuckDuckGo - Search [source]
- LLMA - Meta - Meta open source AI [source]
- DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source]
- Proton Mail - Mail [source]
Other open source index: Degoogled Apps
Some other Nostr index on:
-
@ eabee230:17fc7576
2025-05-12 14:38:11
⚖️ຢ່າລືມສິ່ງທີ່ເຄີຍເກີດຂຶ້ນ ຮອດຊ່ວງທີ່ມີການປ່ຽນແປງລະບົບການເງິນຈາກລະບົບເງິນເກົ່າ ສູ່ລະບົບເງິນໃໝ່ມັນເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນທີ່ລວຍກາຍເປັນຄົນທຸກໄດ້ເລີຍ ນ້ຳພັກນ້ຳແຮງທີ່ສະສົມມາດ້ວຍຄວາມເມື່ອຍແຕ່ບໍ່ສາມາດແລກເປັນເງິນລະບົບໃໝ່ໄດ້ທັງໝົດ ຖືກຈຳກັດຈຳນວນທີ່ກົດໝາຍວາງອອກມາໃຫ້ແລກ ເງິນທີ່ເຫຼືອນັ້ນປຽບຄືດັ່ງເສດເຈ້ຍ ເພາະມັນບໍ່ມີຢູ່ໃສຮັບອີກຕໍ່ໄປເພາະກົດໝາຍຈະນຳໃຊ້ສະກຸນໃໝ່ ປະຫວັດສາດເຮົາມີໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ແລະ ເຄີຍຜ່ານມາແລ້ວຢ່າໃຫ້ຄົນລຸ້ນເຮົາຊຳ້ຮອຍເກົ່າ.
🕰️ຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ ຫຼື ໃກ້ຊິດກັບແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານກໍຈະປ່ຽນເງິນທີ່ມີຢູ່ເປັນສິນສັບບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນທີ່ດິນ ແລະ ທອງຄຳທີ່ສາມາດຮັກສາມູນລະຄ່າໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຂົາຍັງຮັກສາຄວາມມັ້ງຄັ້ງໃນລະບົບໃໝ່ໄດ້.
🕰️ໃຜທີ່ຕ້ອງການຈະຍ້າຍປະເທດກໍ່ຈະໃຊ້ສິ່ງທີ່ເປັນຊື່ກາງໃນການແລກປ່ຽນເປັນທີ່ຍ້ອມຮັບຫຼາຍນັ້ນກໍຄືທອງຄຳ ປ່ຽນຈາກເງິນລະບົບເກົ່າເປັນທອງຄຳເພື່ອທີ່ສາມາດປ່ຽນທອງຄຳເປັນສະກຸນເງິນທ້ອງຖິ່ນຢູ່ປະເທດປາຍທາງໄດ້.
🕰️ຈາກຜູ້ດີເມື່ອກ່ອນກາຍເປັນຄົນທຳມະດາຍ້ອນສັບສິນທີ່ມີ ບໍ່ສາມາດສົ່ງຕໍ່ສູ່ລູກຫຼານໄດ້. ການເກັບອອມເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ດີ ແຕ່ຖ້າໃຫ້ດີຕ້ອງເກັບອອມໃຫ້ຖືກບ່ອນ ຄົນທີ່ຮູ້ທັນປ່ຽນເງິນທີ່ມີຈາກລະບົບເກົ່າໄປສູ່ທອງຄຳ ເພາະທອງຄຳມັນເປັນສາກົນ.
ໃຜທີ່ເຂົ້າໃຈ ແລະ ມອງການໄກກວ່າກໍ່ສາມາດຮັກສາສິນສັບສູ່ລູກຫຼານໄດ້ ເກັບເຈ້ຍໃນປະລິມານທີ່ພໍໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ ປ່ຽນເຈ້ຍໃຫ້ເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ຮັກສາມູນລະຄ່າໄດ້ແທ້ຈິງ.🕰️ເຮົາໂຊກດີທີ່ເຄີຍມີບົດຮຽນມາແລ້ວ ເກີດຂຶ້ນຈິງໃນປະເທດເຮົາບໍ່ໄດ້ຢາກໃຫ້ທັງໝົດແຕ່ຢາກໃຫ້ສຶກສາ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຄຳຖາມວ່າທີ່ຜ່ານມາມັນເປັນແບບນີ້ແທ້ບໍ່ ເງິນທີ່ລັດຄວາມຄຸມ ເງິນປະລິມານບໍ່ຈຳກັດ ການໃຊ້ກົດໝາຍແບບບັງຄັບ. ຖ້າຄອບຄົວຫຼືຄົນໃກ້ໂຕທີ່ຍູ່ໃນຊ່ວງເຫດການນັ້ນແຕ່ຕັດສິນໃຈຜິດພາດທີ່ບໍ່ປ່ຽນເຈ້ຍເປັນສິນສັບ. ນີ້ແມ່ນໂອກາດທີ່ຈະແກ້ໄຂຂໍ້ຜິດພາດນັ້ນໂດຍຫັນມາສຶກສາເງິນແທ້ຈິງແລ້ວແມ່ນຍັງກັນແທ້ ເວລາມີຄ່າສຶກສາບິດຄອຍ.
fiatcurrency #bitcoin #gold #history #paymentsolutions #laokip #laostr
-
@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-11 06:23:03
Past week summary
From a Self Custody for Organizations perspective, after analyzing the existing protocols (Cerberus, 10xSecurityBTCguide and Glacier) and reading a bunch of relates articles and guides, have wrapped to the conclusion that this format it is good to have as reference. However, something else is needed. For example, a summary or a map of the whole process to provide an overview, plus a way to deliver all the information and the multy-process in a more enjoyable way. Not a job for this hackathon, but with the right collaborations I assume it's possible to: - build something that might introduce a bit more quests and gamification - provide a learning environment (with testnet funds) could also be crucial on educating those unfamiliar with bitcoin onchain dynamics.
Have been learning more and playing around practicing best accessibility practices and how it could be applied to a desktop software like Bitcoin Safe. Thanks to @johnjherzog for providing a screen recording of his first experience and @jasonb for suggesting the tools to be used. (in this case tested/testing on Windows with the Accessibility Insights app). Some insight shared have been also applied to the website, running a full accessibility check (under WCAG 2.2 ADA, and Section 508 standards) with 4 different plugins and two online tools. I recognize that not all of them works and analyze the same parameters, indeed they complement each other providing a more accurate review.
For Bitcoin Safe interface improvements, many suggestions have been shared with @andreasgriffin , including: - a new iconset, including a micro-set to display the number of confirmed blocs for each transaction - a redesigned History/Dashboard - small refinements like adding missing columns on the tables - allow the user to select which columns to be displayed - sorting of unconfirmed transactions - Defining a new style for design elements like mempool blocks and quick receive boxes You can find below some screenshots with my proposals that hopefully will be included in the next release.
Last achievement this week was to prepare the website https://Safe.BTC.pub, the container where all the outcomes f this experiment will be published. You can have a look, just consider it still WIP. Branding for the project has also been finalized and available in this penpot file https://design.penpot.app/#/workspace?team-id=cec80257-5021-8137-8005-eab60c043dd6&project-id=cec80257-5021-8137-8005-eab60c043dd8&file-id=95aea877-d515-80ac-8006-23a251886db3&page-id=132f519a-39f4-80db-8006-2a41c364a545
What's for next week
After spending most of the time learning and reading material, this coming week will be focused on deliverables. The goal as planned will be to provide: - Finalized Safe₿its brand and improve overall desktop app experience, including categorization of transactions and addresses - An accessibility report or guide for Bitcoin Safe and support to implement best practices - A first draft of the Self-Custody for Organizations guide/framework/protocol, ideally delivered through the website http://Safe.BTC.pub in written format, but also as FlowChart to help have an overview of the whole resources needed and the process itself. This will clearly define preparations and tools/hardwares needed to successfully complete the process.
To learn more about the project, you can visit: Designathon website: https://event.bitcoin.design/#project-recj4SVNLLkuWHpKq Discord channel: https://discord.com/channels/903125802726596648/1369200271632236574 Previous SN posts: https://stacker.news/items/974489/r/DeSign_r and https://stacker.news/items/974488/r/DeSign_r
Stay tuned, more will be happening this coming week
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/977190
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@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-13 00:18:12
► Internet Tools
- ↪️ Web Privacy Tools
- WebCatalog or Pake - Turn Webpages into Desktop Apps
- deploy-your-own-saas - Self-Hosted Cloud Services
- Namechk, NameCheckr or IUS - Check Username Availability
- UsernameGenerator - Username Generator
- byp4xx - Bypass "403 Forbidden" Errors
▷ Network Tools
- ⭐ fast / Blur Info / CLI, Cloudflare Speed Test or LibreSpeed - Speed Tests
- Pinging or PingTracer - Internet Uptime / Ping Monitors
- NetBlocks or OpenNetMeter - Internet Performance Monitor
- WiFi Analyzer - WiFi Analyzer
- WireShark - Network Protocol Analyzer / Profiles
- Trippy - Network Diagnostic Tool
- MxToolbox - Network Tools
- NETworkManager / GitHub or WLan10 - Network Manager
- mRemoteNG - Remote Connections Manager
- Netbalancer - Internet Traffic Control
- Arcai - WiFi Speed Control
- NeverSSL - Fix Public Wi-Fi Login Pages
- WiFi-Password - Fetch WiFi Password / Generate QR Code
- SwitchHosts - Windows Hosts File Editor
- MAC Address - MAC Address Lookup
- masscan - Port Scanner
- PortChecker, ping.pe, PortCheckers or RustCat - Port Checkers
- Bufferbloat Test - Test Bufferbloat
- PacketSender - Packet Sender
▷ Password Managers
- ↪️ Password Privacy / 2FA
- ⭐ KeePass or KeePassXC
- ⭐ KeePass Tools - Forks / Plugins / Read-Only Functionality
- ⭐ Bitwarden
- ⭐ Proton Pass
- Pashword
- LessPass
- Buttercup
- KeeWeb / GitHub
- Spectre
- VaultWarden - Self-Hosted
▷ Paywall Bypass
- ⭐ Archive.today - Archived Articles
- ⭐ Bypass Paywalls Clean - Browser Extensions / X
- ⭐ Freedium, ReadMedium or Medium Parser - Bypass Medium Paywalls
- ⭐ wallabag / Discord Bot or Ladder - Self-Hosted
- PaywallBuster - Paywall Bypass Tools
- ByeByePaywall - Paywall Bypass Tools
- Smry.ai - Article Paywall Bypass
- Bypass paywalls for scientific documents - Bypass Scientific Document Paywalls
- unpaywall - Bypass Scholarly Article Paywalls
- Open Access Button - Bypass Research Article Paywalls
▷ Link in Bio
- ⭐ Linktree - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- ⭐ Linkstack or LittleLink - Unlimited / Self-Hosted
- ⭐ Bio Link - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- Bento - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- LinkBun - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- Lynk - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- ContactInBio - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- AlsoAt - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- ammo.lol - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- Mylinx - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- Linkr - Unlimited / Custom URLs
- Beacons - Unlimited
- Carrd - Unlimited
- Ayo - Unlimited
- Campsite.bio - Unlimited
- Taplink - Unlimited
- milkshake - Unlimited
- pronouns.cc - Share Preferred Pronouns
- LinkSpace.Bio - 250 Limit / Custom URLs
- seemless - Link in Bio for TikTok & Instagram
- AnyImage - Create Social Card Links
▷ Captcha Tools
- ⭐ Buster - Auto Captcha Solver
- NopeCHA - Auto Captcha Solver / Required Tokens / Discord
- Privacy Pass - Save Captcha Tokens
- Democaptcha - hCaptcha Demo / Get Captcha Tokens
- ReCAPTCHA Demo or reCAPTCHA test - reCAPTCHA Demos / Get Captcha Tokens
▷ Chat Tools
- 🌐 Digital Communications Protocols or Eyelenburg Comparisons - Chat Service / Protocol Comparisons
- ↪️ IRC Clients / Tools
- ⭐ Mumble, Jam, TeaSpeak or TeamSpeak / Warning - Voice Chat
- ⭐ Hack.chat, Shick, LeapChat, LittlePlanets, Convene, otr.to / GitHub, Stinto, Chitchatter / GitHub or tik.io - Minimal / No Account Required Chats
- ⭐ Gajim, Profanity / GitHub or xabber - XMPP Clients / Servers
- Pidgin / GitHub or Ferdium / GitHub - Combine Web Apps / Chat Services
- MatterBridge - Bridge for Multiple Chat Apps
- Miranda NG, Escargot or WeeChat - Chat Apps
- Twist - Collaboration Chat Manager
- Cabal - P2P Chat / GitHub
- Atlus or WAO - WhatsApp Clients
- WhatsApp-Chat-Exporter, 2 - WhatsApp HTML Chat Exporter / Root Required
- WAIncognito - Disable WhatsApp Read Receipts & Presence Updates
- TikTok Chat Reader - Live TikTok Chat Reader
- Guildbit - Voice Chat Servers
- MiroTalk / 2 or MiroTalk SFU - Video Chat / GitHub
- Videolink2me - Video Chat
- Hello - Video Chat / GitHub
- Briefing - Video Chat
- Talky - Video Chat
- GoTeam - Video Chat
- Chat Analytics - Generate Chat Analytics
► RSS Tools
- 🌐 All about RSS / Telegram, RSSTango or RSS - RSS Feed / Tool Indexes
- FeedButler - RSS to Email
- siftrss - RSS Feed Filters
- Want My RSS - Restores Firefox RSS Features
- RSS.app or Feedle - RSS Feed Search
- Kill the Newsletter - Convert Email Newsletters into Atom Feeds
▷ RSS Readers
- 🌐 RSS Feed Reader Index
- ⭐ Feedly - RSS Reader / Notifier
- ⭐ RSS Guard - RSS Reader / Scraper / Discord
- ⭐ Inoreader - RSS Reader
- ⭐ Feedbro, Sage-Like, Brief, Smart-RSS or Fraidycat - Browser Extensions
- NewsBlur - RSS Reader / Push Notifications / GitHub
- JungleReader - RSS Reader
- Fluent Reader - RSS Reader
- NewsFlash - RSS Reader
- Miniflux - RSS Reader
- Photon - RSS Reader
- Feed Flow - RSS Reader / GitHub
- selfoss - RSS Reader
- gorss - RSS Reader
- NewsPipe - RSS Reader
- Osmosfeed - RSS Reader / GitHub
- rss - RSS Reader
- yarr - RSS Reader
- TheFeedReaderBot or NewsBoat - Console RSS Readers
- WebFeed or Tiny Tiny RSS - Web RSS Readers
- Glance, FreshRSS, Fusion or CommaFeed - Self-Hosted RSS Readers
▷ RSS Feed Generators
- ⭐ RSS Bridge / GitHub
- ⭐ Feedless / GitHub
- MoRSS
- RSSHub
- Open RSS
- RSS Finder / GitHub
- FetchRSS
- RSS Diffbot
- RuSShdown
- Politepol
- Janicek
- FiveFilters
► Search Tools
- ↪️ Reddit Search Tools
- SimilarSiteSearch, SimilarWeb, SitesLikes, TopSimilarSites, SimilarSites, OpenDirectory or SiteLike.org - Similar Site Searches
- qDorks, sitedorks, Dorks-collections-list, OSINT Dorks, Google Dork List, Dork Genius or DorkSearch - Search Engine Dorking Tools
- UserSearch, Sherlock, Maigret, Nexfil, Lullar, Blackbird or WhatsMyName - Username Search
- Soovle, Keyword.io, SearchEngineReports, ContentIdeas or Keyword Tool - Popular Keyword Search
- DuckDuckBang - DuckDuckGo !bang Meta Search / GitHub
- KeywordSheeter or Spyfu - Keyword Research Tools
- BoardReader, CrowdView or FindAForum - Forum Search Engine
- Raw Web or BlogErnity - Blog Search
- VHSearch - Neocities Search Engine
- 4chanSearch, 4chansearch.org or 4search - 4chan Search
- tumbex - Tumblr Search
- AlsoAsked - Related Search Tool
- Wiby, 2 - Search Engine for Lightweight Web Pages
- Search My Site - Personal Site Search / Open Source
- Intelligence X or Aware-Online - Multiple Search Tools
- LumenDatabase - Search DMCA Takedown Requests
- Refseek - Academic Search Engine
- Sources.com - Journalism Source Search
- GrayHatWarfare or OpenBuckets - Amazon S3 Buckets Search
- Yandex Search Operators, 2 - Yandex Search Operator Resources
- FindAGrave - Gravestone Search
- rfc.fyi - RFC Search
- Shodan or FOFA / GitHub - Internet Connected Device / Public Assets Search
- OCCRP Aleph - Public Records / Leaks Search
- OpenOwnership - Company Ownership Search
- CorporationWiki - Company Info Search
- OffshoreLeaks - Offshore Company Leaks Search
- judyrecords - US Court Case Search
- Is it big? - Brand Corporation Connection Search
- ImportYeti - Search U.S. Customs Shipment Records
- Social-Analyzer - Profile Search CLI
- TMHunt - Clothing Trademark Search
- BrownBook - Business Listing Search
- txtai - Build Semantic Search Apps
- useful-forks or GitPop3 - GitHub Fork Search
- MyCroftProject - Search Engine Plugins
▷ Search Engines
- 🌐 Fagan Finder, Search Engine Index, DirectSearch.Net, Search Engine Colossus, Advanced Search Tools or Search-Engine - Search Engine Indexes
- ↪️ AI Search Engines
- ↪️ Privacy Search Engines
- ↪️ Image Search Engines
- ⭐ Yandex
- ⭐ pSearch, Search All, WebSitesSearch, CombinedSearch, gnod Search or AIO Search - Multi-Site Search
- 100 Search Engines - Search with 100 Search Engines
- Jumps or Yubnub - Site Quick Search
- Trovu.net - Command Search / GitHub
- The Search Engine Map - View Search Engine Connections
- Marginalia Search - Text-Based Search Engine / GitHub
- TheOldNet or OldVista - Oldschool / Retro Site Search Engines
- OceanHero - Save the Ocean via Search
- Ecosia / Firefox / Chrome
- Mullvad Leta
- Presearch / GitHub
- Bing
- Lycos
- WebCrawler
- Million Short
- Andi
- Vuhuv
- Carrot2
- Yahoo
- Stract / GitHub
- AOL
- All the Internet
- eTools.ch
- BizNar
- WorldWideScience
- Whoogle Search or ZincSearch / GitHub - Self-Hosted Search Engines
▷ Custom Search Engines
- 🌐 CSE Utopia, Awesome CSEs or Boolean Strings - Custom Search Engine Indexes
- TV Streaming CSE - Search TV Streaming Sites
- Streaming CSE, 2, 3, 4
- Download CSE, 2 - Search Download Sites
- Software CSE or Rave Search - Search Software Sites
- Torrent CSE, 2 - Search General Torrent Sites
- Reading CSE, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - Search Reading Sites
- Audiobooks CSE - Search Audiobook Sites
- Comics CSE - Search Comic Sites
- Manga CSE, 2 - Search Manga Sites
- Android APK CSE, 2, 3 - Search Android APK Sites
- Extensions CSE - Search Extension Sites
- Fonts CSE - Search Font Sites
- Video Streaming CSE - Search YouTube-Like Video Sites
- Video Download CSE, 2, 3 - Search Video Download Sites
- Video Torrent CSE - Search Video Torrent Sites
- Anime Streaming CSE or Kuroiru - Search Anime Streaming Sites
- Anime Download CSE - Search Anime Download Sites
- Anime Torrent CSE - Search Anime Torrent Sites
- Audio Download CSE, 2, 3 - Search Audio Download Sites
- Audio Torrent CSE - Search Audio Torrent Sites
- Game Download CSE, Rezi Search or /r/PiratedGames CSE - Multi-Site Search Engines
- Game Torrent CSE or Rave Search - Search Game Torrent Sites
- PastebinSearch or Paste Skimmer - Search Pastebins
- File Host Search - Search File Hosts
- Linux Software CSE - Search Linux Software Sites
- ROM CSE, 2 - Search ROM Sites
- TikTok CSE - TikTok Search
- Telegago or TG CSE - Telegram CSE
▷ Google Search Tools
- 🌐 SearchTweaks - Google Search Tools
- Mastering Google Search Operators, 2, 3, 4 - Google Search Operator Resources
- ISearchFrom - Change Location / Device for Google Search
- goosh - Simple Google Web Client
- Google Trends - Google Search Trends
- View Image - Adds Back "View Image" Button to Google Image Search
- Show Image Dimensions - Add Image Dimensions to Google
- Google DWIMages - Direct Links to Images & Pages on Google
- Endless Google - Google Search Endless Scrolling
- Google Bangs - DDG !bangs in Google
- DisableAMP - Disable Google AMP Links
► URL Tools
- ↪️ Encode / Decode URLs
- ⭐ Flagfox - Displays Country's Flag on Sites / Adds Many URL Tools
- ⭐ HTTPStatus - Check URL Status Codes / Redirect Chains
- ⭐ lychee - URL Scanner / GitHub
- ⭐ Mini QR / GitHub, AI QRCode or QArt Coder - Create Custom QR Code Art
- barcodrod.io or QR Code Scan - QR Code Scanners
- QRcodly, QR Code Generator, QRCode Monkey, 2QR or Link to QR - QR Code Generator for URLs / Text
- ChangeDetection.io, urlwatch, Visualping, Changd or Follow That Page - Page Change Detection / Notification
- Linkify Plus Plus - Turn Plain Text URLs Into Links
- Open Bulk URL, Open URL or OpenAllURLs - Bulk Open URLs
- Link Lock - Encrypt & Decrypt Links with Passwords
- scrt.link, Br3f or Temporary URL - Temporary Single-Use Links
- W.A.R. Links Checker Premium - File Host Link Auto-Check
- XML-Sitemaps - Sitemap Creator
- Backlink Tool or IndexKings - URL Indexer
▷ Redirect Bypass
- ⭐ Bypass All Shortlinks - Bypass Link Shorteners
- ⭐ Bypass.vip - Ad Links Bypasser / Userscript / Discord
- bypass.link - Bypass Link Shorteners
- TimerHooker - Skip Timers on File Hosts
- bypass.city, 2 - Bypass Link Shorteners / Userscript / Discord
- BypassUnlock - Bypass Link Shorteners
- Adsbypasser - Bypass Link Shorteners
- Bypass-Links - Bypass Links / GitHub
- Yuumari - Convert Shortened Links / Script
- UploadHEaven - Bypass Uploadhaven Time Restriction
- Bypass FileCrypt - FileCrypt Bypass
▷ Short Link Tools
- ⭐ WhereGoes or Redirect Detective - Check Paths of Redirects / Short Links
- Shortshare - URL Shortener App
- URL Expander - URL Unshortener
- CheckShortURL - URL Unshortener
- ExpandURL - URL Unshortener
- Unshorten.me - URL Unshortener
- Unshorten.It! - URL Unshortener
▷ URL Shorteners
- ⭐ is.gd -
is.gd/9dkISG - ⭐ T.LY -
t.ly/qqH6 - ⭐ Wikimedia Shortener - Shorten Wikimedia Domain Links
- spoo.me -
spoo.me/ZbvUhz/ Discord / GitHub - v.gd -
v.gd/Gj8oLR - TinyURL -
tinyurl.com/twgf2ks/ Reveal URL - s.id -
s.id/EQBsg - 1kb.link -
1kb.link/acc0a - X.gd -
x.gd/rcg0Z - Bom.so -
bom.so/VevMJv - Linkify -
linkify.cz/1a0O - By.com.vn -
by.com.vn/tKYeSo - PicSee -
psee.io/5pye68 - Jii.Li -
jii.li/hNFXP - u.to -
u.to/jc85Ig - f1.tf -
f1.tf/hMbn - ShortURL -
shorturl.at/ioOk0 - Kutt -
kutt.it/sQnBLz - Walee -
wal.ee/zluqo - n9.cl -
n9.cl/6gjfj - refer.is -
refer.is/gpdvk7zf - Bly.to -
bly.to/3e04d1 - ej.uz, 2 -
ej.uz/t8ar - Goo.su -
goo.su/7pNRjy7/ Chrome Extension - AI6 -
ai6.net/nm3tyz - SmartLnks -
smartlnks.com/Vjr0m - Anon.to - Anonymous URLs /
anon.to/7SWqpG - Thinfi - Password Protected Short Links /
thinfi.com/q8aw - Suri, MPNG.IN, Snapp, Dub.co or Shlink - Self-Hosted Link Shorteners
▷ Down Site Checkers
- ⭐ Down for Everyone or Just Me
- ⭐ Downdetector
- Is The Service Down?
- Is It Down Right Now
- websitedown.info
- Dead Link Checker
- Online Broken Link Checker
- Dr. Link Check
- HTTPStatus
- UpDownToday
▷ Domain / DNS
- ↪️ DNS Tools
- ↪️ Domain Availability
- ⭐ censys, LinkScope, URLDNA or DNSlytics - Domain Investigation Tools
- Rankchart - Multiple Domain Tools
- DNSTwist / GitHub or DNSTwister - Phishing Domain Scanners
- WhoisRequest or Whois Lookup - Whois Search
- IPIP.NET - Country / Region ASNs
- AtSameIP - Find Websites on the Same IP
- SubDomainizer, Google Search Console, MerkleMap or Subdomain Finder - Find Hidden Subdomains
► Email Tools
- 🌐 Email Providers - Provider Comparisons
- ↪️ Email Privacy Services / Tools
- ⭐ InboxReads or Readsom - Email Newsletter Archive
- Outlook - Number-Free Email Service
- Delta Chat - Email-Based Messenger
- Boomerang, NudgeMail or FollowupThen - Scheduled Email Sending & Reminders
- Epieos - Retrieve Info Linked to Email Address
- Predicta Search - Retrieve Info Linked to Email Address and Phone Number
- Holehe - Find Accounts Connected to Emails
- Useplaintext - How to Use Plaintext Email
- Meru - Gmail Desktop Client
- Got Your Back - Backup Gmail Messages
- ExtractMailAddress - Extract Emails, URLs, and Numbers from Text
- scr.im - Email Captcha Protection
- BugMeNot, FreeAccount or Password Login - Access & Share Throwaway Accounts
▷ Email Clients
- ⭐ Betterbird
- ⭐ Thunderbird - Tray Icon
- ⭐ Mailspring - Themes / GitHub
- Outlook
- ElectronMail
- eM Client
- RainLoop
- Roundcube
- Spike
- Canary
- Twobird
- Kanmail
- Wino
▷ Temp Mail
- Note - If you're looking for something more private and convenient, check out our Email Aliasing section. For details about tags, refer to this resource.
- ⭐ SmailPro - Gmail & Outlook / 20+ Domains
- ⭐ Zemail - Gmail / Forever / 1 Day / 7 Domains
- ⭐ Gmailnator - Gmail / Forever / 1 Day / 6 Domains
- ⭐ Tempr.email - Forever / 1 Month / 50+ Domains
- ⭐ Inboxes - Forever / 7 Days / 19 Domains
- ⭐ Mail.tm - Forever / 7 Days / 1 Domain
- ⭐ temp-mail.org - Forever / 2 Hours / N/A / Telegram Bot
- ⭐ temp-mail.io - 1 Day / 1 Day / 12 Domains
- ⭐ burner.kiwi - 1 Day / 1 Day / 3 Domains
- Guerrilla Mail - Forever / 1 Hour / 11 Domains / SharkLasers
- Bloody Vikings! - Temp Email Extension
- Tmail.io - Gmail / Forever / 1 Day / 4 Domains
- 22.Do - Gmail / 1 Day / 1 Day / 3 Domains
- Vortex Email - Forever / 9 Domains / GitHub
- MailTicking - Gmail / 2 Domains
- YOPmail - Forever / 8 Days / 100+ Domains
- TempMail.Plus - Forever / 7 Days / 9 Domains / .onion
- instant-email.org - Forever / 3 Days / 7 Domains
- NanoMail - Forever / 7 Days / 1 Domain
- Temporary-Mail - Forever / 11 Domains
- 48hr.email - Forever / 2 Days / 7 Domains
- NiceMail - Forever / 1 Day / 3 Domains
- Snapmail.cc - Forever / 2 Days / 3 Domains
- Mailnesia - Forever / 2 Days / 1 Domain
- Spambox or Trashinbox - Forever / 1 Day / 4 Domains
- Maildrop, Trashmail - Forever / 1 Day / 1 Domain
- cs.email - Forever / 1 Hour / 12 Domains
- Email Generator, Fake Email or TempM - Forever / N/A / 50+ Domains
- EduMail - 1 Month / 1 Month / 10 Domains
- 10minutesemail - 10 Minutes / 1 Domain
- DisposableMail or FakeMail - 14 Days / 14 Days / 1 Domain
- FEX+ - 7 Days / 7 Days / 5 Domains
- Adguard Temp Mail - 7 Days / 1 Day / 1 Domain
- Tempmailo - 2 Days / 2 Days / N/A
- Vmail.DEV - 1 Day / 1 Day / 2 Domains
- TempMail.love - 1 Day / 1 Day / 1 Domain
- tempmail.altmails - 1 Day / 1 Day / 1 Domain
- Mail.cx - 1 Day / 12 Hours / 5 Domains
- Tmail - 1 Domain
- BottleMail - 14 Days / 1 Domain
- TemporaryMail.com - 6 Hours / 6 Hours / 7 Domains
- Moakt - 1 Hour / 1 Hour / 13 Domains
- MintEmail.com, tempail.com or tempmail.zone - 1 Hour / 1 Hour / 1 Domain
- Mohmal - 45 Mins / 45 Mins / 1 Domain
- MinuteInbox, 10minemail.com, 10minutemail.com or Linshi Email - 10 Minute Lifespan Emails
- mail-temp.com or emailfake.com - 50+ Domains
- AnonymMail.net or Mail.td - 5 Domains
- EmailOnDeck, EmailTemp, Haribu, Maildax or tempmaili.com - 1 Domain
- TMail - Lightweight Email
- More Sites - More Temp Mail Sites
▷ Email Aliasing
- ⭐ SimpleLogin - Email Aliasing / Subreddit / X / GitHub
- ⭐ DuckDuckGo Email Protection - Email Aliasing
- ⭐ addy.io - Email Aliasing / GitHub
- Mailgw - Email Aliasing
- erine.email - Email Aliasing
- 33mail - Email Aliasing
- TrashMail - Email Aliasing
- Adguard Mail - Email Aliasing
► Browser Bookmarks
- ⭐ Sidebery - Firefox Extension / Manager
- ⭐ Floccus / GitHub or BookmarkHub - Bookmark / Tab Sync
- linkhut, Linkhorse or TinyGem - Social Bookmarking
- SuperMemory - AI Bookmark App / GitHub
- Bookmarks Organizer, Keep or Delete or Bookmarks Cleanup - Bookmark Cleanup Extensions
- Auto-Sort Bookmarks - Bookmark Sorting Extension
- Default Bookmark Folder - Change Default Firefox Bookmark Folder
- Bookmark Search Plus 2 - Search Firefox Bookmarks
- Bookmarklets Guide - Bookmarklets / Guide
- Bookmarkify - Create JS Bookmarklets
- Get Bookmarklets - Download / Share Bookmarklets
- export-edge-collections - Convert MS Edge Collections to Bookmarks
▷ Bookmark Managers
- ⭐ Raindrop.io - Cross-Platform Manager
- Start.me - Web-Based Manager
- Bort - Web-Based Manager / Requires Dropbox
- wallabag - Web-Based Manager
- Dropmark - Web-Based Manager
- KeepThisSite - Web-Based Manager
- yabs.io - Web-Based Manager
- Centroly - Web-Based Manager
- Stacks - Web-Based Manager
- Zulu - Web-Based Manager
- GGather - Web-Based Manager
- Shiori - Desktop Manager
- Instapaper - Desktop Manager
- booky - Desktop Manager
- linksort - Desktop Manager
- Bookmarkme - Desktop Manager
- Mission Control - Chrome Extension
- buku - CLI Bookmark Manager
- Linkwarden, Hoarder, Shaarli, LinkAce or linkding - Self-Hosted Managers
► Browser Tools
- 🌐 Browser Comparisons, Eylenburg Comparisons or ATH Comparisons - Compare Popular Browsers
- 🌐 Desktop Browser List - Desktop Browser Index
- ↪️ Recommended Browsers, 2 / Privacy Browsers
- ↪️ Android Browsers
- ⭐ BrowserBench or WPT - Browser Benchmark Tests
- ⭐ Firefox Trains - Track Firefox Releases
- ⭐ Edge-Uninstall - Microsoft Edge Removal Script
- VsyncTester - Browser VSYNC Test / Firefox Broken
- Browserling - Browser Emulators
- Gemini Portal, 2 - Gemini to https Web Proxy Service
- Rambox, Kera or Tangram - Web App Browsers
- Hidden Settings - Firefox Hidden Settings
- Betterfox - Firefox user.js Tweaks / Warning
- FirefoxCSS Store - Firefox Themes List
- /r/FirefoxCSS or Firefox CSS Hacks - Firefox CSS Resources
- ThemeBeta - Change Chrome Theme
- Chrome Theme Studio - Create Chrome Theme
- Chromium Flags - Chrome-Based Browser Flags
- Hurl - Select Browser on URL Clicks
- Ruffle - Flash Emulator
- Clean Flash Builds - Flash Downloads
- MSEdgeRedirect - Redirect Microsoft Edge
- Firefox Keyboard Shortcuts
- Chrome Keyboard Shortcuts
▷ Browser Extensions
- 🌐 WebExtension.org or MyBrowserAddon - Open-Source Extension Indexes
- ↪️ Adblocking Extensions
- ↪️ Translation Extensions
- ↪️ Download Managers
- ↪️ Video Downloaders
- ↪️ Image Downloaders
- ↪️ Productivity / Site Blocking
- ↪️ Bookmark Managers
- ↪️ Tab Managers
- ↪️ Browser Startpages
- ⭐ Stylus - Custom Website Color Schemes / User Styles, 2 / OLED / Oldschool / Catppuccin
- ⭐ Dark Reader, Midnight Lizard or Custom Dark Mode - Dark Mode
- ⭐ Zoom WE or Custom Page Zoom - Improves Zoom Functionality
- ⭐ ScrollAnywhere - Improves Scrolling Functionality
- ⭐ Auto Tab Discard or Tab Wrangler - Discard Inactive Tabs
- ⭐ Clipboard2File - Upload Images from Clipboard
- ⭐ Redirector - Page Redirector
- CRX Viewer - View Extension Source Code
- Omni - Browser Quick Launcher
- Extensions CSE - Multi-Site Extension Search
- Vimium / GitHub, Surfingkeys, Tridactyl, Web Search Navigator, Shortkeys or Vimium C - Keyboard Shortcuts
- Snap Links Plus or Link Clump - Select & Open Multiple Links at Once
- Custom Scrollbars - Custom Browser Scrollbars
- Quick Tabs - Quickly Switch Between Current & Recently Closed Tabs
- User Agent Switcher - Switch Your User-Agent
- Snooze Tabs - Temporarily Snooze Tabs
- AutoRefresh or Tab Auto Refresh - Refresh Tabs
- Tab for a Cause - New Tabs = Charity Donation
- Dictionaries or Definer - Popup Dictionaries
- CustomRightClickMenu - Custom Right Click Menu
- BigSearch or SearchJumper - Context Search
- Selecton - Text Context Menu
- Magnifying Glass - Magnify Webpages
- Print Edit WE - Edit Pages to Make them Printable
- PageZipper or AutoPagerize - Merges a Sites "Next" Pages
- Turn Off the Lights or Theater Mode - Play Videos in Theater Mode
- GlobalSpeed - Set Default Video / Audio Speed
- Indie Wiki Buddy - Redirect Fandom / Fextralife to Indie Wikis / Redirect List
- Fake Data - Fill Forms with Fake Data
- External App Button - Connect Browser to External Apps
- xBrowserSync - Browser Syncing
- Stylebot - Modify Webpages
- SocialFocus - Hide Distracting Elements on Social Media Sites
- Screen Color Temperature - Adjust Screen Color Temperature
- ColorZilla or ColorFish - Color Picker
- Clippings or Quick Copy - Clipboard Manager
- Emoji Addon - Quickly Copy / Paste Emojis
- Copycat - Copy Content in Multiple Formats
- Allow Right Click - Force Enable Right Click / GitHub
- Copy Selection as Markdown - Copy Text as Markdown
- CopyFish - Grab Text from Images
- Max Focus - Preview Links
- Consent-O-matic / 2 - Block Cookie Consent Popups
- Get-cookies.txt or ExportCookies - Cookies Exporters
- Cookie-Editor - Cookie Editor
- Link Gopher, Link Extractor, Copy Selected Links or CopyLinks++ - Extract / Copy Links on Webpages
- CopyTabTitleUrl - Copy Title / URL of a Tab
- Distil or Update Scanner - Page Change Detection / Notification
- Offline Mode - Disconnect Browser from the Internet
- Page Edit - Turn Webpages into Editable Documents
- SingleFile - Save Webpages as HTML
- Listly - Webpage to Spreadsheet Converter
- Favicon Detector - Detect Website Favicons
- Betterviewer - Image View Mode
- behind! - View Background Images
- Smart Upscale - Browser Image Upscaling
- UI.Vision RPA - Workflow Automation
- Streak - Email Engagement Tracker
- Native HLS - Allows HLS & MPEG-Dash native playback
- Session Alive - Keep Website Sessions Alive
- Caffeine - Prevent OS From Sleeping
- Broken Link Checker - Checks Page for Broken Links
- GoFullPage, Easy Screenshot or FireShot - Full Page Screenshots
- Bulk URL Opener or Open-Multiple-URLs - Open Multiple URLs in One Click
- PronounDB - Pronoun Addon
- XKit - Tumblr Enhancement Extension
- Tab Session Manager, Sessionic or Session Buddy - Session Managers
- Peek - Shows Images & Videos Behind Links & Thumbnails
- Edge Stats - Compare / Analyze Edge Extensions
▷ Firefox Extensions
- 🌐 Firefox Addons - Firefox Addon Store
- ⭐ FoxyTab - Tab Tools
- ⭐ Context Search or Context Search Web - Search Selected Text / Multi Site Search
- Firefox Containers, Container Tab Groups or Temporary Containers - Separate Firefox Sessions / Guide
- FoxyLink - Link Tools
- Multithreaded Download Manager - Download Manager
- cliget - Download Files from Command Line
- FX Cast - Enable Chromecast in Firefox
- Firefox Scripts - Chrome Extensions in Firefox
- Dark Background and Light Text - Dark Mode
- New Tab Override - Pick Site that Opens in New Tabs / GitHub
- Multi Tabs - Multi Tab Word Search
- Search Site WE - Search Current Domain
- Firefox Color or SwiftTheme - Custom Firefox Theme Creation
- Adaptive Tab Bar Colour - Changes Theme to Match Site Appearances
- Gesturefy - Mouse Gestures
- User-Agent String Switcher - Switch Your User-Agent
- Chrome Mask - Use Chrome-Only Sites on Firefox / GitHub
- Always Visible - Always Active / On-Top Window
- SoundFixer - Fixes / Increase Browser Audio
- Read Aloud - Text to Speech
- Firefox Stats - Compare / Analyze Firefox Extensions
- PWAsForFirefox - Install Progressive Web Apps
▷ Chrome Extensions
- 🌐 Chrome Web Store, Chrome-Extension or Crx4Chrome - Chrome Addon Stores
- ⭐ Extensity or Extension Manager - Extension Managers
- ⭐ chromium-web-store - Add Extensions to Ungoogled Chromium
- ⭐ Foxified - Use Firefox Extensions in Chrome
- ⭐ Clipper - Copy Content in Multiple Formats
- WebCRX - Easily Install Local CRX Files
- Chrome Stats - Compare / Analyze Chrome Extensions
- Extension Source Downloader - View Extension Source Code / Guide
- Darkness - Dark Mode
- Transpose - Online Video Pitch Shifter, Speed Changer and Looper
- Smart Mute - Tab Mute Manager
- Volume Master - Increase Browser Volume
- Text Blaze - Create Text Snippets
- TabCopy - Copy Tabs to Clipboard
- Simple Mass Downloader - Download Multiple Links at Once
- CrxMouse - Mouse Gestures
- Night Shift Redux - Adapts Display Color to Time of Day
- SmoothKeyScroll - Smooth Key Scrolling
- Page Pad - Web Page Note-Taking
- Text to Image - Text to Image
- Bookmark Dupes - Remove Dupe Bookmarks
- Supatabs, Prune / GitHub or Tab Modifier - Tab Managers
- Lazy Tabs - Auto Discard Inactive Tabs
- Rearrange Tabs - Rearrange Tabs
- Popup Tab Switcher - Improved Tab Switching
- uAutoPagerize or Infy Scroll - Merges a Sites "Next" Pages
- Amino - Customize Webpage CSS
- Resizing - Resize Images
- Check My Links - Check for Broken Links
- Source Downloader - View Extension Source Code
- Disable All Extensions - Disable All Extensions
▷ Safari Extensions
- Userscripts - Safari Userscript Manager / GitHub
- Night Eye or Dark Reader Script - Dark Mode
- PiPifier - Picture in Picture Mode
- Web Inspector - Inspect Element Tools for Safari
▷ Userscripts
- 🌐 Awesome Userscripts, XIU2 or Userscript.zone - Userscript Indexes
- ↪️ Google Search Userscripts
- ⭐ Violentmonkey / Discord, Tampermonkey or Firemonkey - Userscript Managers
- ⭐ Greasy Fork, OpenUserJS or Userscripts - Install Userscripts
- ⭐ Greasy Fork Tools - Enhancements / Helper / Tweaks / Cleanup Script / Themes
- ⭐ Picviewer CE+ - Image Viewing Tool
- Userscript-Plus - Discover Userscripts for Current Webpage
- Remove Web Limits / Mod - Force Enable Right Click
- Select text inside a link like Opera - Select Text Inside Links
- Select All Checkboxes - Auto Check All Boxes
- Always Remember Me - Always Tick "Remember Me"
- Google Hit Hider - Hide Sites in Search Results
- Remove Bing CK - Remove Bing CK Redirects
- DownloadAllContent - Download Content from Pages
- Microsoft Store Direct Download - Microsoft Store Direct Downloads
- Maximize Video - Maximize Playing Videos via Button
- Pagetual - Merge Sites "Next" Pages
- Mouseover Popup Image Viewer - Shows Images & Videos Behind Links & Thumbnails
► Archiving
▷ Archive Services
- ↪️ 4chan Archives
- ⭐ Archive.org - Internet Archive / Tools
- ⭐ Wayback Machine - Archive Web Pages
- ⭐ Wayback Machine Tools - Downloader / Browser Extension, 2 / Script / Auto Load
- ⭐ Archive.today / .li / .ph / .vn / .fo / .md - Archive Web Pages / Paywall Bypass
- ⭐ Web Archives or Resurrect Pages Fork - Browser Extensions
- ⭐ CachedView or Quick Cache - Aggregate Cache Results
- Ghost Archive - Archive Web Pages
- ArchiveTeam - Archiving Projects / Wiki
- Perma.cc - Create Permalinks
▷ Web Archiving Tools
- 🌐 Awesome Web Archiving - Web Archiving Tools
- 🌐 Webrecorder - Open-Source Archiving Tools
- ↪️ Twitter Archiving
- ↪️ YouTube Archiving
- ⭐ ArchiveBox - Self-Hosted Web Archiving / GitHub
- ⭐ MarkDownload or MarkdownDown - Download Web Pages as Markdown Files
- ⭐ HTTrack / Guide - Website Downloader
- ⭐ datahoarder-website-to-markdown - Index to Markdown Tool
- Tubeup - Multi-VOD Service to IA Uploader
- Irchiver - Automatic Web Browser Screenshots
- Monolith or Single File - Save Webpages as HTML
- WAIL - GUI for Archiving Tools / GitHub
- ReplayWeb or OldWeb - View Web Archive Files
- ArchiveWeb.page - Browser Extension
- WikiTeam - Archive Wikis
- Wayback - Web Archiving Tool
- DownloadNet (dn) or Kiwix / Zim Reader / Wiki DL Guide - Offline Website Readers
- Wget2 / Commands, SuckIT, Cyotek WebCopy, Website Downloader or PageRip - Website Downloaders
- Archivematica - Digital Preservation System
- wallabag - Save Articles
- CopySite - Copy Websites
- Scoop - Capture Engine
▷ Web Scraping / Crawling
- 🌐 Awesome Web Scraping or Web Scraping FYI - Web Scraping Tools / Resources
- ⭐ Instant Data Scraper - Browser Extension
- SpiderSuite - Advanced Web Crawler / GitHub
- Heritrix - Internet Archive's Web Crawler / GitHub
- 80legs - Cloud-Based
- Crawly - Online Scraper
- web.scraper.workers.dev - Web Scraper
- Waymore - Web Scraper
- grab-site - ArchiveTeam Web Crawler
- brozzler - Web Crawler
- Crawl4AI - LLM-Friendly Scraper / Crawler
► Open Source Intelligence
- 🌐 Awesome OSINT - Awesome OSINT
- ↪️ Photo Forensics
- ↪️ Domain / DNS Info
- ↪️ Search Engine OSINT
- ⭐ IntelTechniques or OSINT Techniques - OSINT Resources
- ⭐ Analyst Research Tools - Tools and Resources
- Osintracker - Track Your Investigations
- Cyber Detective - Tools, Techniques, and Projects / GitHub
- MetaOSINT - OSINT Search Tool / GitHub
- Harpoon - OSINT CLI Tool
- Project Owl - OSINT Community
- OSINT Dojo - OSINT Guides
- non-typical-OSINT-guide - OSINT Guides
- What is OSINT? - Article
- The Key to Unlocking the Web's Secrets - Article
- Malfrat's OSINT Map - Interactive Map
- OH SHINT! - OSINT Blog
▷ OSINT Collections
- OSINT Combine - OSINT Investigation Tools
- Bellingcat - Online Investigation Toolkit
- Reuser - OSINT Resource Discovery Toolkit
- The Pika's OSINT ToolBox - General Index
- Cyber Detective's OSINT Collection - General Index
- Nixintel's OSINT Resource List - General Index
- Technisette's OSINT Tools - General Index
- OSINT - General Index
- UK-OSINT - General Index
- OSINTFramework - General Index
- AsINT_Collection - General Index
- OSINT4ALL - General Index
- OSINT All - General Index
- OSINT Resources - General Index
- OSINT Essentials - General Index
- OSINTgeek - General Index
- Social-Media-OSINT - Social Media Index
- OSINT for Countries / V2 - Indexes Organized by Country
- DiscordOSINT - Discord OSINT Index
- Awesome Telegram OSINT or The OSINT Toolbox - Telegram OSINT Indexes
-
@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-11 05:52:56
Past week summary
From a Self Custody for Organizations perspective, after analyzing the existing protocols (Cerberus, 10xSecurityBTCguide and Glacier) and reading a bunch of relates articles and guides, have wrapped to the conclusion that this format it is good to have as reference. However, something else is needed. For example, a summary or a map of the whole process to provide an overview, plus a way to deliver all the information and the multy-process in a more enjoyable way. Not a job for this hackathon, but with the right collaborations I assume it's possible to: - build something that might introduce a bit more quests and gamification - provide a learning environment (with testnet funds) could also be crucial on educating those unfamiliar with bitcoin onchain dynamics.
Have been learning more and playing around practicing best accessibility practices and how it could be applied to a desktop software like Bitcoin Safe. Thanks to @johnjherzog for providing a screen recording of his first experience and @jasonbohio for suggesting the tools to be used. (in this case tested/testing on Windows with the Accessibility Insights app). Some insight shared have been also applied to the website, running a full accessibility check (under WCAG 2.2 ADA, and Section 508 standards) with 4 different plugins and two online tools. I recognize that not all of them works and analyze the same parameters, indeed they complement each other providing a more accurate review.
For Bitcoin Safe interface improvements, many suggestions have been shared with @andreasgriffin , including: - a new iconset, including a micro-set to display the number of confirmed blocs for each transaction - a redesigned History/Dashboard - small refinements like adding missing columns on the tables - allow the user to select which columns to be displayed - sorting of unconfirmed transactions - Defining a new style for design elements like mempool blocks and quick receive boxes You can find below some screenshots with my proposals that hopefully will be included in the next release.
Last achievement this week was to prepare the website https://Safe.BTC.pub, the container where all the outcomes f this experiment will be published. You can have a look, just consider it still WIP. Branding for the project has also been finalized and available in this penpot file https://design.penpot.app/#/workspace?team-id=cec80257-5021-8137-8005-eab60c043dd6&project-id=cec80257-5021-8137-8005-eab60c043dd8&file-id=95aea877-d515-80ac-8006-23a251886db3&page-id=132f519a-39f4-80db-8006-2a41c364a545
What's for next week
After spending most of the time learning and reading material, this coming week will be focused on deliverables. The goal as planned will be to provide: - Finalized Safe₿its brand and improve overall desktop app experience, including categorization of transactions and addresses - An accessibility report or guide for Bitcoin Safe and support to implement best practices - A first draft of the Self-Custody for Organizations guide/framework/protocol, ideally delivered through the website http://Safe.BTC.pub in written format, but also as FlowChart to help have an overview of the whole resources needed and the process itself. This will clearly define preparations and tools/hardwares needed to successfully complete the process.
To learn more about the project, you can visit: Designathon website: https://event.bitcoin.design/#project-recj4SVNLLkuWHpKq Discord channel: https://discord.com/channels/903125802726596648/1369200271632236574 Previous SN posts: https://stacker.news/items/974489/r/DeSign_r and https://stacker.news/items/974488/r/DeSign_r
Stay tuned, more will be happening this coming week
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/977180
-
@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-13 00:17:07
► File Tools
- ↪️ File Scanners
- ⭐ Fileinfo, Filext or OpenMyFiles - File Extension Libraries
- ⭐ czkawka or dupeGuru - Duplicate File Finders
- ⭐ Phockup - Organize Photo / Video Files by Date
- UnLock IT or Lock Hunter - File Unlocker / Deleter
- Magika - AI File Content Type Detector
- Icaros - Add Explorer Thumbnails to any Video Format
- Tagging for Windows - Tag-Based File System
- HTTPDirfs or hfs / 2 - HTTP File Systems
- WinBtrfs - Btrfs File System
- mergerfs - Union File System
- filebrowser - Online File Viewer
- WhatsLink - View File Download Metadata
- File-Examples - Dummy File Examples
- OpenHashTab - Compare / Display File Hashes
- Attribute Changer - Edit File & Folder Properties
- TagSpaces - Add Tags to Files and Folders
- SKTimeStamp - Change File Created / Modified Time
- ExtractMetadata or Metadata2Go - Metadata Viewers / Editors
- CUETools - Manupulate .cue Files / GitHub
▷ Download Managers
- ⭐ JDownloader - Download Manager / Debloat / Dark Theme, 2 / Dracula Theme / Apps
- ⭐ IDM - Download Manager
- AB Download Manager - Download Manager / GitHub / Telegram
- Go Speed - Download Manager / Extension / Plugins / GitHub
- aria2 or Persepolis - Terminal Download Manager / GitHub / Download Bot / WebUI, 2
- pyLoad - Lightweight Download Manager
- Hitomi - Multi-Site Media Download Tool
- ArrowDL - Download Manager / GitHub
- FDM - Download Manager / YTDL Addon
- File Centipede - Upload / Download Manager
- DownThemAll - Download Management Extension
- HTTP Downloader - Download Manager for HTTP / FTP / SFTP Protocols / GitHub
▷ Archiving / Compression
- 🌐 SuperCompression - File Compression Resources
- ⭐ NanaZip or 7-Zip - File Archiver
- ⭐ PeaZip - Cross Platform File Archiver
- ⭐ CompactGUI - Transparent Compression
- Fileforums or Encode - Data Compression Forums
- TurboBench - Compression Benchmark
- WinRAR, 2 - File Archiver / Licenses
- Efficient Compression Tool or Minuimus - File Archivers / Optimizers
- ezyZip - Zip Files Online
- unzip-online - Unzip Files Online
- Unrar online - Unrar Files Online
- UPX - Executable File Compressor / GitHub
- lessmsi - .msi Content Extractor / GitHub
▷ File Converters
- 🌐 .to Sites - File Converters Index
- ⭐ File Converter - Convert / Compress Files / GitHub
- ⭐ VERT / Discord / GitHub
- Pandoc - Document Converter
- ConvertCSV - Online CSV Data Conversion
- Encoding Converter - Online File Encoding Converter
- Deark - Decode and Convert Files / GitHub
- text2img - Online NFO Files to Image Converter
- CloudConvert - Convert Files / 1GB
- FreeConvert - File Converter / 1GB
- videoutils - File Converter / 500MB
- Xconvert - File Converter / 400MB
- ConvertFiles - File Converter / 250MB
- Convertio - File Converter / 100MB
- AnyConvert - File Converter / 100MB
- onlineconvertfree - File Converter / 100MB
- MiConv - File Converter / 75MB
- Converter 365 - File Converters / 200MB
- Aconvert - Various Converters / 40MB
- LetsConvert - Image/Audio Converter / 250MB
- Online Convert - Online File Converter
- Zamzar - File Converter / 200MB
- Online Converter - Online Simple Media / Unit Converter
- Convert Town - Online Text / Image Converter
- Docspal - Various Converters / 50MB Image, Documents / 200MB Video, Archive, Audio
- Better Converter - Text-Focused Converters / 10MB
- go4convert - Online Document Converter / 100MB
▷ File Explorers
- ⭐ Files - Customizable File Manager / Use Classic Installer / Discord
- ⭐ Directory Opus - Windows File Manager
- Xplorer / GitHub / Discord, DoubleCMD or muCommander - Cross Platform File Explorers
- Sigma - Modern File Manager for Windows / Linux / GitHub
- ChromaFiler - Column-Based Windows File Manager
- Yazi - Terminal File Explorer / Plugins / GitHub
- One Commander - File Explorer
- Free Commander - File Explorer
- Q-Dir - File Explorer
- Quick Access Popup - File Explorer
- FileExplorer - File Explorer
- FileStash - File Manager / GitHub
- Explorer++ - Lightweight Windows File Manager
- Far Manager - Windows File / Archive Manager
- Total Commander - Shareware Windows File Manager
- Organize - Automated File Manager
- TrayDir - System Tray File Manager
- TablacusExplorer, QTTabBar or Multi Commander - Tab File Managers
- Vifm - Vim-Based File Manager
- WinSetView - Globally Set Explorer Folder Views
▷ File Searching
- ⭐ Everything - File Search Engine
- Recoll / Addon, Spyglass, DocFetcher or Orange - Cross Platform Search Engines
- AnyTXT or FluentSearch - Windows Search Engines
- AstroGrep, grepWin or dnGrep - Windows GUI Grep Utilities
- fselect - SQL-like Search Engine
- fd - User Friendly "find" Alternative
- sist2 - Simple Incremental Search Tool
▷ File Encryption
- ⭐ Cryptomator / GitHub or Tahoe-LAFS / GitHub - Cloud File Encryption
- ⭐ VeraCrypt - Disk Encrypter
- ⭐ Picocrypt - Lightweight File Encrypter
- age - File Encrypter
- gocryptfs - File Encrypter
- Hat - Browser-Based Encrypter
- Kryptor - File Encrypter
▷ File Sync
- ⭐ SyncThing - Cross-Platform File Sync / Tray Support / GitHub
- ⭐ FreeFileSync - Open-Source File Sync
- MyPhoneExplorer, SyncFolder - Phone and Desktop Sync
- allwaysync - File Sync Utility
- Resilio - P2P File Sync
- SmartFTP - FTP File Sync
- rsync - Command-line File Sync / GitHub
- Unison - Bidirectional File Sync
▷ File Backup
- ⭐ Kopia - Encrypted File Backup / GitHub
- ⭐ Rescuezilla or CloneZilla - Disk Image Backup
- FolderClone or Echosync - Folder Clone / Backup
- BackupPC - Networked File Backup
- TeraCopy - File Backup
- restic / GitHub, duplicity or Duplicati - Secure File Backup
- UrBackup - Client / Server File Backup
- AOMEI Backupper - Windows File Backup
- Borg - De-duplicating File Backup
- USBImager - USB Image Backup
- Toucan - Portable File Backup
▷ File Recovery
- ⭐ TestDisk - File Recovery
- PhotoRec - File Recovery
- DMDE - File Recovery
- Windows File Recovery - File Recovery
- MultiPar - Prevent File Corruption / Guide
- ShadowExplorer or ShadowCopyView - Shadow Copy Explorers
▷ Formatting / Deletion
- ⭐ SDelete - File Deletion CLI
- Eraser, File Shredder, Alternate File Shredder, Permadelete or Delapp - File Shredding
- SSuite File Shredder and Burner - File Shredder with Disk Burning
- Low Level Format, nwipe or ShredOS - Complete Hard Drive Erasers
- RED - Remove Empty Directories
▷ Data Automation
- ⭐ Advanced Renamer or Bulk Rename Utility - Bulk Renamers
- FoliCon - Automatic Custom Media Icons / Folders / GitHub
- MediaMonkey - Media Organizer
- MediaInfo - Media File Analysis / Online
- tinyMediaManager or MediaElch - Media Collection Managers
- FileBot - Media File Renaming
- TVRename - TV File Data Automation
- Shoko - Anime File Data Automation
- PowerRename, Szyszka, F2, Ant Renamer or Flut Renamer - Bulk Renamers
► PDF Tools
▷ Online PDF Toolkits
▷ Offline PDF Toolkits
- ⭐ PDFGear
- PDF24
- Foxit / Pro / Warning
- xPDFReader
- PDF Arranger
- PrivatePDF
- PDFBox
- OpenPDF
- Stirling-PDF
▷ PDF Conversion Tools
- Rare2PDF, online2pdf or 2PDFConverter - File to PDF Conversion
- MD2PDF - Markdown to PDF Converter
- PDFconvert - PDF File Converters
- Marker - PDF to Markdown
- PDFCrowd, TailWindPDF or wkhtmltopdf - HTML to PDF / Image Converter
- Issuu - Convert PDF Files to Webpages, Flipbooks, Brochures & More / Downloader, 2
- WebToPDF or Percollate - Webpage to PDF Converters
- Dangerzone - Convert Malicious PDFs to Safe Files / GitHub
▷ PDF Utilities
- PDFGrep or OCRmyPDF - PDF Text Search
- View-only PDF - Download View-Only PDF on Google Drive
- PDFEncrypt - PDF File Encryption
- GraphPaper - PDF Graphs
- Aspose or pdf-unstamper - PDF Watermark Remover
- PDF Fixer - Repair Damaged PDFs
- OpenSign, FalsiScan, JustSignPDF or Adobe Sign - PDF Signature Tools
- Google Drive PDF Downloader - Download Protected Google Drive PDFs
- PDFCoffee - Upload PDF, Word or PowerPoint Files
- PrintFriendly - Printer Formatting Tools
► File Transfer
- ⭐ LocalSend - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / Discord / GitHub
- Photon - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / GitHub
- KDE Connect - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- Warpinator - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- Sefirah - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- QRServ - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / GitHub
- Magic Wormhole - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- croc - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / GUI
- LANDrop - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- OnionShare - Share Files Over Tor Network
- FileZilla - FTP Client
- WinSCP - FTP Client
- Wing FTP - FTP Client
- Xlight - FTP Client
- IPFS or kubo - P2P Hypermedia Protocol
- IPFS Tools - Resources, 2 / Extension / Desktop / IPFS Cluster
▷ P2P Transfer
- ⭐ Blaze / GitHub
- ⭐ PairDrop / GitHub
- ⭐ JustBeamIt
- ⭐ SpaceDrop
- Surge - P2P App
- Wormhole
- ToffeeShare
- new.space
- FilePizza
- TransferNow
- Horizon Send
- Salad Room
- drop.lol / GitHub
- sendfilesencrypted.com
- LIGHTNING SHARE
- rDrop
- WebDrop
- MyAirBridge.com
- Sprend
- WebWormhole
- EchoDuck
- FileLove
► File Hosts
- Note - Keep in mind that it's never a good idea to upload personal or confidential files to any file host, even if they claim to be encrypted. Most file hosts only remove files after inactivity, while some delete them regardless. Check each host if you're concerned about file expiry. Tags are: Storage Size / File Size / Expiry.
- ↪️ Video File Hosts
- ⭐ Gofile - 100GB Monthly / Unlimited / 10 Days After Last Download / Cold Storage Bypass
- ⭐ Pixeldrain - Unlimited / 20GB per File / 120 Days After Last Pageview / Discord / Speedtest / Limit Bypass / Bypass Script
- ⭐ Files.vc - Unlimited / 10GB / Forever / Discord
- ⭐ Buzzheavier, 2, 3, 4 - Unlimited / 8 Days, Can Extend Forever / File Expiry / Use Adblocker / Discord
- ⭐ Catbox - Unlimited / 200MB / Forever
- ⭐ Pillowcase - Audio File Host / 200MB (500MB w/ Account) / Forever
- HIDAN - Unlimited / 10+ Days (from upload)
- Send.now - 100GB / 100GB per File / 30 Days After Last Download
- DesiUpload - Unlimited / 15 Days (15GB / 30 Days w/ Account)
- MixDrop - Unlimited / 60 Days / Account Required
- Qiwi - Account Required
- Fastupload.io - Unlimited / 30 Days (60 Days w/ Account)
- 1fichier.com - 300GB / 15 Days (30 Days w/ Account)
- Filebin - Unlimited / 6 Days / Warning
- file.kiwi - Unlimited / File Expiry Explanation
- Easyupload.io - 100GB / 30 Days
- FEX.NET - 100GB / 7 Days
- VikingFile - 500GB / 20 Days After Last Download
- DropMeFiles - 50GB / 14 Days
- GigaFile - 300GB / 100 Days
- UploadNow - 100GB / 7 Days, Can Extend Forever
- eDisk - 20GB / 30 Days
- Drop Download - 25GB / 90 Days / Account Required
- SwissTransfer - 50GB / 30 Days / 250 Downloads
- BowFile - 20GB / 20 Days
- Hexupload or AnonTransfer - 15GB / 30 Days
- Tempcloud - 10GB / 3 Days
- GrosFichiers or DataTransfer - 10GB / 14 Days
- Fshare - 10GB / 5 Days
- ShareFile, 2 - 5GB / Unlimited
- FileTransfer.io - 6GB / 21 Days / 50 Downloads
- udrop - 5GB / Forever
- Uploadev - 10GB / 180 Days After Last Download w/ Account
- Imagenetz - 5GB / 30 Days After Last Download
- FilePort - 5GB / 7 Days
- FileDitch or SendGB - 5GB / 90 Days
- MegaUp - 5GB / 60 Days
- Bestfile - 5GB / 80 Days After Last Download
- ufile.io - 5GB / 30 Days
- Internxt Send - 5GB / 15 Days
- UserDrive - 5GB / 65 Days
- pCloud Transfer or Tresorit Send - 5GB / 7 Days / Email Required
- Temp.sh - 4GB / 3 Days
- File Convoy - 3GB / 21 Days
- Send - 2.5GB / 3 Days / 10 Downloads / CLI / Instances
- JUMBOmail - 2GB / 7 Days / Email Required
- KrakenFiles - 1GB / 3 Months on Sign-Up
- DropMB - 512MB / 5 Years
- FireLoad - 2GB / 60 Days / Account Required
- FileGo - 2GB / 30 Days / Account Required
- Lufi - 2GB / 30 Days
- FilesPayouts - 10GB / Forever / Account Required
- DooDrive - 2GB / 30 Days / Account Required
- Clicknupload, 2 - 10GB / 8 Days / Account Required
- WeTransfer - 2GB / 3 Days
- Smash - 2GB / 7 Days / Email Required
- MultiUp.io / Extract / Upload or Mirrored.to - Multi Host Uploaders
- Z-o-o-m - Multi-Host Upload Desktop App
- Limited Upload Hosts - More Hosts / 1GB or Below
▷ Cloud Storage
- Note - Monthly prices are based on annual plans. 2TB prices are halved for comparison if a 1TB plan doesn't exist for a service.
- 🌐 Eylenburg Comparisons or ComparisonTabl.es - Compare Cloud Storage Sites
- ⭐ Google Drive - 15GB Free / 2 Years / ~$3 for 1TB
- ⭐ mega - 20GB Free / 3 Months / ~$4.50 for 1TB / GitHub
- disk.yandex - 5GB Free / 2 Years / $2 for 1TB
- filen - 10GB Free / 3 Months / ~$8 for 1TB / Account Required for Sharing
- terabox - 1TB Free / $3.50 for 2TB
- Dropbox - 1 or 2GB Free / 12 Months / ~$5 for 1TB / Client
- mediafire - 10GB Free / 8 Months / $5 for 1TB
- icedrive - 10GB Free / 3 Months / $5 for 1TB
- PCloud - 10GB Free / 1 Year / ~$4 for 1TB
- FebBox - 1TB Free / 1 Month / ~$4 for 2TB
- Proton Drive - 2GB Free (or 5GB for tasks) / 1 Year / ~$10 for 1TB
- JumpShare - 2GB Free / 1 Year / $8.25 for 1TB
- FileLu - 10GB / Forever / Expiry Warning
- CyberFile - 10GB Free
- MrOwl - 10GB Free / ~$16 for 1TB
- Blomp - 20GB Free / 1 Month / ~$3 for 2TB
- Akira Box - 20GB Free / 1 Years
- Backblaze B2 - 10GB Free / ~$6 for 1TB
- Cloudflare R2 - 10GB Free / ~$15.5 per 1TB
- 1Cloud File - 10GB Free
- OneDriveFly - OneDrive Indexes
- Fix-OneDrive-Zip - Fix OneDrive Zip Files >4GB
- SeaFile - Self-Hosted Cloud Storage
▷ Cloud Managers
- ⭐ Rclone - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ Rclone Tools - Guide / Colab / Telegram / Transfer Tool
- ⭐ gclone - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ Air Explorer - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ RaiDrive - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ Cyberduck - Libre Server / Cloud Storage Browser / GitHub
- SpaceDrive - Cloud Storage Manager
- AList - Cloud Storage Manager
- MultCloud - Cloud Storage Manager
- xpipe - Remote File Manager
▷ Google Drive Tools
- ⭐ OneClickRun - Google Drive Tools Colab / Features / Use Throwaways
- Any File to Google Drive - DDL to Google Drive Tool
- DriveUploader - Receive Files via Google Drive
- ZIP Extractor - Google Drive / Gmail File Archiver
- Google Drive CLI - Google Drive CLI Client
- goodls - Google Drive Downloader
- Google Drive Downloader - Google Drive Folder Downloader
- gdrivedl - Google Drive Python Download Script
- ISAAC - Google Service Account Generators
- goindex-extended / Themes or Google-Drive-Index - Google Drive Indexers
- gdurl, GDrive Link Generator, Direct.GDrive, Maulvi or GDriveWebAppPublic - Host Direct Links on Google Drive
- GdriveCloneWeb or Google Drive Clone Bot / GitHub - Copy Google Drives
- GD-EFC Link Encryptor - Google Drive Link Encryptor for GD-EFC
- gd-efc - Copy Encrypted Google Drive
- DriveRename - Bulk Google Drive File Rename
- Sharer, YuShare or GDToT - Google Drive File Sharing
▷ MEGA Tools
- ⭐ Megabasterd - Download Quota Bypass / Note
- ⭐ Mega Account Generators - Account Gen / Unlimited Upload Size / Fix
- MEGA Desktop / GitHub - Official GUI App
- MEGA CMD / GitHub - Official CLI App
-
@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-12 21:45:41
Originalni tekst na bitcoin-balkan.com.
Pregled sadržaja
- Definisanje novca
- Šta je sredstvo razmene?
- Šta je obračunska jedinica?
- Šta je zaliha vrednosti?
- Zašto su važne funkcije novca?
- Novac Gubi Funkciju: Alhemičar iz Njutonije
- Eksploatacija pomoću Novca: Agri Perle
- Novac Gubi Funkciju 2. Deo: Kejnslandski Bankar
- Da li nas novac danas eksploatiše?
- Šta je novac, i zašto trebate da brinete?
- Efikasnija Ušteda Novca
- Zasluge
- Molim vas da šerujete!
Google izveštava o stalnom povećanju interesa u svetu za pitanje „Šta je novac?“ koji se postavlja iz godine u godinu, od 2004. do 2021., a sa naglim porastom nakon finansijske krize 2008. godine.
I izgleda se da niko nema dobar odgovor za to.
Godišnji proseci mesečnih interesa za pretragu. 100 predstavlja najveći interes za pretragu tokom čitavog perioda, koji se dogodio u decembru 2019. Podaci sa Google Trends-a.Međutim, odgovaranje na ovo naizgled jednostavno pitanje pomoći će vam da razjasnite ulogu novca u vašem životu. Jednom kada shvatite kako novac funkcioniše, tačno ćete videti i zašto svet danas ludi – i šta učiniti povodom toga. Zato hajde da se udubimo u to.
Na pitanje šta je novac, većina ljudi otvori svoje novčanike i pokaže nekoliko novčanica – “evo, ovo je novac!”
Ali po čemu se ove novčanice razlikuju od stranica vaše omiljene knjige? Pa, naravno, zavod za izradu novčanica te zemlje je odštampao te novčanice iz vašeg novčanika kako bi se oduprla falsifikovanju, i svi ih koriste da bi kupili odredjene stvari.
Međutim, Nemačka Marka imala je sva ova svojstva u prošlosti – ali preduzeća danas ne prihvataju te novčanice. Zapravo, građani Nemačke su početkom dvadesetih godina prošlog veka spaljivali papirne Marke kako bi grejali svoje domove. Marka je imala veću vrednost kao papir za potpalu nego kao novac!
1923. nemačka valuta poznata kao Marka bila je jeftinija od uglja i drveta!
Pa šta to čini novac, novcem?
Ispostavilo se da ovo nije pitanje na koje je lako dati odgovor.
Definisanje novca
Novac nije fizička stvar poput novčanice dolara. Novac je društveni sistem koji koristimo da bismo olakšali trgovinu robom i uslugama. Međutim, tokom istorije fizička monetarna dobra igrala su ključnu ulogu u društvenom sistemu novca, često kao znakovi koji predstavljaju vrednost u monetarnom sistemu. Ovaj sistem ima tri funkcije: 1) Sredstvo Razmene, 2) Obračunsku Jedinicu i 3) Zalihu Vrednosti.
Odakle dolaze ove funkcije, i zašto su one vredne?
Šta je sredstvo razmene?
Sredstvo razmene je neko dobro koje se obično razmenjuje za drugo dobro. Najčešće objašnjenje za to kako su se pojavila sredstva razmene glasi otprilike ovako: Boris ima ječam i želeo bi da kupi ovcu od Marka. Marko ima ovce, ali želi samo piliće. Ana ima piliće, ali ona ne želi ječam ili ovce.
To se naziva problem sticaja potreba: dve strane moraju da žele ono što druga ima da bi mogle da trguju. Ako se želje dve osobe ne podudaraju, oni moraju da pronađu druge ljude sa kojima će trgovati dok svi ne pronađu dobro koje žele.
Ljudi koji trguju robom i uslugama moraju da imaju potrebe koje se podudaraju.Vremenom, veoma je verovatno da će se određena vrsta robe, poput pšenice, pojaviti kao sredstvo razmene jer su je mnogi ljudi želeli. Uzimajući pšenicu kao primer: pšenica je rešila “sticaje potreba” u mnogim zanatima, jer čak i ako onaj koji prima pšenicu a nije želeo da je koristi za sebe, znao je da će je neko drugi želeti.
Ovo nazivamo prodajnost imovine.
Pšenica je dobar primer dobra za prodaju jer svi moraju da jedu, a od pšenice se pravi hleb. Pšenica ima vrednost kao sastojak hleba i kao dobro koje olakšava trgovinu rešavanjem problema „sticaja potreba“.
Razmislite o svojoj želji da dobijete više novčanica u eurima ili drugoj valuti. Ne možete da jedete novčanice da biste preživeli, a i ne bi vam bile od velike koristi ako poželite da ih koristite kao građevinski materijal za vašu kuću. Međutim, znate da sa tim novčanicama možete da kupite hranu i kuću.
Stvarne fizičke novčanice su beskorisne za vas. Novčanice su vam dragocene samo zato što će ih drugi prihvatiti za stvari koje su vama korisne.
Tokom dugog perioda istorije, novac je evoluirao do te mere da monetarno dobro može imati vrednost, a da to dobro ne služi za bilo koju drugu ‘suštinsku’ upotrebu, poput hrane ili energije. Umesto toga, njegova upotreba je zaliha vrednosti i jednostavna zamena za drugu robu u bilo kom trenutku koji poželite.
Šta jedno dobro čini poželjnijim i prodajnijim od drugog dobra?
Deljivost
Definicija: Sposobnost podele dobra na manje količine.
Loš Primer: Dijamante je teško podeliti na manje komade. Za zajednicu od hiljada ljudi koji dnevno izvrše milione transakcija, dijamanti čine loše sredstvo razmene. Previše su retki i nedeljivi da bi se koristili za mnoge transakcije.
Potrebno je puno obuke da bi izrezali dijamant.Ujednačenost
Definicija: Sličnost pojedinačnih jedinica odredjenog dobra.
Loš Primer: Krave nisu ujednačene – neke su veće, neke manje, neke bolesne, neke zdrave. Sa druge strane, unca čistog zlata je jednolična – jedna unca je potpuno ista kao sledeća. Ovo svojstvo se takođe često naziva zamenljivost.
Svaka je jedinstvena na svoj način.Prenosivost
Definicija: Lakoća transporta dobra.
Loš Primer: Krava nije baš prenosiva. Zlatnici su prilično prenosivi. Papirne novčanice su još prenošljivije. Knjiga u kojoj se jednostavno beleži vlasništvo nad tim vrednostima (poput Rai kamenog sistema ili digitalnog bankovnog računa) je neverovatno prenosiva, jer nema fizičkog dobra koje treba nositi sa sobom za kupovinu. Postoji samo sistem za evidentiranje vlasništva nad tim vrednostima u nematerijalnom obliku.
Novac star 5000 godina VS novac star 13 godinaKako dobro postaje sredstvo razmene?
Dobra postaju, i ostaju sredstva razmene zbog svoje univerzalne potražnje, takođe poznate kao njihova prodajnost, čemu pomažu svojstva koja su gore nabrojana.
Mnogo različitih dobara mogu u različitoj meri delovati kao sredstva razmene u ekonomiji. Danas, naša globalna ekonomija koristi valute koje izdaju države, zlato, pa čak i robu poput nafte kao sredstvo razmene.
Šta je obračunska jedinica?
Stvari se komplikuju kada u ekonomiji postoji mnogo robe koja se prodaje. Čak i sa samo 5 dobara, postoji 10 “kurseva razmene” između svake robe kojih svi u ekonomiji moraju da se sete: 1 svinja se menja za 15 pilića, 1 pile se menja za 15 litara mleka, desetak jaja se menja za 15 litara mleka, i tako dalje. Ako ekonomija ima 50 dobara, među njima postoji 1.225 “kurseva razmene”!
Sredstvo za merenje vrednosti
Zamislite obračunsku jedinicu kao sredstvo za merenje vrednosti. Umesto da se sećamo vrednosti svakog dobra u poredjenju sa drugim dobrima, mi samo treba da se setimo vrednosti svakog dobra u poredjenju sa jednim dobrom – obračunskom jedinicom.
Umesto da se setimo 1.225 kurseva razmene kada imamo 50 proizvoda na tržištu, mi treba da zapamtimo samo 50 cena.
Na primer, ne treba da se sećamo da litar mleka vredi 1/15 piletine ili desetak jaja, možemo da se samo setimo da litar mleka košta 1USD.
Mnogo opcija, sve u istoj obračunskoj jedinici.Poređenje dobara je lakše sa obračunskom jedinicom
Obračunska jedinica takođe olakšava upoređivanje vrednosti i donošenje odluka. Zamislite da pokušavate da kupite par Nike Air Jordan patika kada ih jedan prodavac prodaje za jedno pile, a drugi za 50 klipova kukuruza.
Šta je zaliha vrednosti?
Do sada smo gledali samo primere transakcija koje se odvijaju u određenom trenutku u vremenu.
Međutim, ljudi vrše transakcije tokom vremena – oni štede novac i troše ga kasnije. Da bi odredjeno dobro moglo da funkcioniše pravilno kao monetarno dobro, ono treba da održi vrednost tokom vremena.
Novac koji vremenom dobro drži vrednost daje njegovom imaocu više izbora kada će taj novac da potroši.
To znači da prodajnost dobra uključuje njegovu sposobnost da održi vrednost tokom vremena.
Šta jedno dobro čini boljom zalihom vrednosti od drugog dobra?
Trajnost
Definicija: Sposobnost dobra da vremenom zadrži svoj oblik.
Loš Primer: Jagode čine lošu zalihu vrednosti jer se lako oštete i brzo trunu.
Odluka je daleko lakša ako jedan prodavac naplaćuje 150 USD, a drugi 200 USD – odmah je očigledno koja je bolja ponuda jer su vrednosti izražene u istoj jedinici.
Nije sjajna forma novca.Teške za Proizvodnju
Definicija: Teškoće koje ljudi imaju u proizvodnji veće količine dobra.
Loš Primer: Papirne novčanice predstavljaju lošu zalihu vrednosti jer banke i vlade mogu jeftino da ih naprave.
Sa zlatom je suprotno – u ponudi se nalazi ograničena količina uprkos velikoj potražnji za njim, jednostavno zato što ga je vrlo teško iskopati iz zemlje. Ova ograničena ponuda osigurava da svaka jedinica zlata održi vrednost tokom vremena.
Traženje zlata je spora i teška aktivnost. Obično se ne pronađe puno!Kako dobra postaju zalihe vrednosti?
Dobro postaje zaliha vrednosti ako se vremenom pokaže trajnim i teškim za proizvodnju.
Samo će vreme pokazati da li je neko dobro zaista trajno i da li ga je teško proizvesti. Zbog toga neki oblici novca su postojali vekovima pre nego što je neko otkrio način da ih proizvede više, i na kraju se to dobro više nije koristilo kao novac.
Ovo je priča o školjkama, Rai kamenju i mnogim drugim oblicima novca tokom istorije.
Zlato je primer dobra koje je hiljadama godina služilo kao dobra zaliha vrednosti. Zlato se ne razgrađuje tokom vremena i još uvek ga je teško proizvesti. Hiljadama godina alhemičari su bezuspešno pokušavali da sintetišu zlato iz jeftinih materijala.
Čak i sa današnjim naprednim rudarskim tehnikama, svake godine svi svetski rudnici zlata zajedno mogu da proizvedu samo 2% od ukupne ponude zlata u prometu.
Teškoće u proizvodnji zlata daju izuzetno visok odnos “zaliha i protoka”: zaliha je broj postojećih jedinica, a protok su nove jedinice stvorene tokom određenog vremenskog perioda. Svake godine se stvori vrlo malo novih jedinica zlata, iako je potražnja za zlatom obično vrlo velika.
Kombinujući ovo sa deljivošću, ujednačenošću i prenosivošću zlata, nije ni čudo što je zlato čovečanstvu služilo kao monetarno dobro tokom poslednjih 5.000 godina. Pošto je zlato teško proizvesti, možemo ga nazvati teškim novcem (hard money).
Kao rezultat toga, svoju vrednost je u velikoj meri zadržao kroz milenijume. Cena većine dobara i usluga u pogledu zlata zapravo se vremenom smanjivala kao rezultat tehnoloških inovacija, koje sve proizvode čine jeftinijim.
Uzmimo na primer cene hrane prema praćenju Kancelarije za hranu i poljoprivredu UN-a: sa obzirom na skokove u poljoprivrednoj tehnologiji tokom poslednjih 60 godina, cene hrane drastično su pale kada se procenjuju u zlatu. To čak i važi uprkos činjenici da obični ljudi retko koriste zlato za kupovinu stvari.
Cene hrane su padale u pogledu zlata tokom proteklih 60 godina, i mnogo pre toga (FAO Indeks Cena Hrane u Zlatu)Zaliha vrednosti omogućava ljudima da uštede novac kako bi mogli da ga ulažu u pokretanje preduzeća i obrazovanje, povećavajući produktivnost društva.
Monetarna dobra koja dobro čuvaju vrednost takođe podstiču dugoročniji pogled na život, ili kratke vremenske preference. Pojedinac može da radi 10 godina, uštedi odredjeno monetarno dobro koje je dobra zaliha vrednosti, i nema potrebe da se plaši da će njegova ušteđevina biti izbrisana krahom tržišta ili povećanjem ponude tog dobra.
Zašto su važne funkcije novca?
Kada neki oblik novca izgubi bilo koju od svojih važnih funkcija kao što su sredstvo razmene, obračunska jedinica i zaliha vrednosti, celokupna ekonomija i društvo mogu da se rastrgnu.
Tokom istorije često vidimo grupe ljudi koje eksploatišu druge iskorišćavajući nesporazume o novcu i važnosti njegovih funkcija.
Sledeće, proći ću kroz istoriju novca, prvo hipotetički da bih ilustrovao poentu, a zatim ću preći na stvarne istorijske primere. Kroz ove primere videćemo štetne efekte na društva u slučajevima kada se izgubi samo jedna od tih ključnih funkcija novca.
Novac Gubi Funkciju: Alhemičar iz Njutonije
Kroz istoriju, mnoga dobra su dolazila i odlazila kao oblici novca. Na žalost, kada se neki oblik novca ukine, ponekad postoji grupa ljudi koja eksploatiše drugi oblik manipulišući tim novcem.
Hajde da pogledamo hipotetičko selo zvano Njutonija da bismo razumeli kako dolazi do ove eksploatacije.
Zelene perle postaju Novac
Tokom stotina godina ribolova u obližnjoj reci, stanovnici Njutonije sakupljali su zelene perle iz vode. Zrnca su mala, lagana, izdržljiva, jednolična i retko se pojavljuju u reci. Ljudi prvo priželjkuju perle zbog svoje lepote. Na kraju, seljani shvataju da svi drugi žele perle – one se vrlo lako mogu prodati. Zrnca uskoro postaju sredstvo razmene i obračunska jedinica u selu: pile je 5 zrna, vreća jabuka 2 zrna, krava 80 zrna.
Ukupna ponuda perli je prilično konstantna i cene se vremenom ne menjaju mnogo. Seoski starešina je uveren da može da se opustiti u poslednjim danima živeći od svoje velike zalihe perli.
Alhemičar stvara više perli
Seoski alhemičar je poželeo da bude bogat čovek, ali nije voleo da vredno radi na tome. Umesto da traži perle u reci ili da prodaje vrednu robu drugim seljanima, on sedeo je u svojoj laboratoriji. Na kraju je otkrio kako da lako stvori stotine perli sa malo peska i vatre.
Seljani koji su tragali za perlama u reci bili su srećni ako bi svaki dan pronašli po 1 zrno. Alhemičar je mogao da proizvede stotine uz malo napora.
Alhemičar troši svoje perle
Budući da je bio prilično zao, alhemičar nije svoj metod pravljenja zrna delio ni sa kim drugim. Stvorio je sebi još više perli i počeo da ih troši za dobra na tržištu u Njutoniji. Tokom sledećih meseci, alhemičar je kupio farmu pilića, nekoliko krava, finu svilu, posteljine i ogromno imanje. On je imao priliku da kupi ova dobra po normalnim cenama na tržištu.
Alhemičarevo trošenje ostavljalo je seljanima mnogo perli, ali malo njihove vredne robe.
Svi seljani su se osećali bogatima – imali su tone perli! Međutim, polako su primetili da i svi ostali takodje imaju tone.
Cene počinju da rastu
Uzgajivač pilića primetio je da sva roba koju je trebalo da kupi na pijaci poskupela. Džak jabuka sada se prodaje za 100 perli – 50 puta više od njihove cene pre nekoliko meseci!
Iako je sada imao hiljade perli, uskoro bi mogao da ostane bez njih zbog ovih cena. Pitao se – da li zaista može sebi da priušti da prodaje svoje piliće za samo 5 perli po komadu? Morao je i on da podigne svoje cene.
Jednostavno rečeno, kao rezultat alhemičarevog trošenja njegovih novostvorenih perli, bilo je previše perli koje su jurile premalo dobara – pa su cene porasle.
Kupci robe bili su spremni da potroše više perli da bi kupili potrebna dobra. Prodavci robe su trebali da naplate više da bi bili sigurni da su zaradili dovoljno da kupe potrebna dobra za sebe.
Budući da su cene svih dobara porasle, možemo reći da se vrednost svake perle smanjila.
Nejednakost bogatstva raste
Seoski starešina, koji je vredno radio da sačuva hiljade perli, sada se našao osiromašenim i gladnim. U međuvremenu, alhemičar je udobno sedeo na svom velikom imanju sa kravama, pilićima i slugama koji su se brinuli za svaki njegov hir.
Alhemičar je efikasno ukrao bogatstvo celog sela, tako što je jeftino proizvodio perle i koristio ih za kupovinu vredne robe.
Ono što je najvažnije, kupio je robu pre nego što je tržište shvatilo da je više perli u opticaju i da ima manje robe, što je dovelo do rasta cena. Ova dodatna proizvodnja perli nije dodala korisnu robu ili usluge selu. Kroz istoriju, mnoga dobra su dolazila i odlazila kao oblici novca. Na žalost, kada se neki oblik novca ukine, ponekad postoji grupa ljudi koja eksploatiše drugi oblik manipulišući tim novcem.
Hajde da pogledamo hipotetičko selo zvano Njutonija da bismo razumeli kako dolazi do ove eksploatacije.
Zelene perle postaju Novac
Tokom stotina godina ribolova u obližnjoj reci, stanovnici Njutonije sakupljali su zelene perle iz vode. Zrnca su mala, lagana, izdržljiva, jednolična i retko se pojavljuju u reci. Ljudi prvo priželjkuju perle zbog svoje lepote. Na kraju, seljani shvataju da svi drugi žele perle – one se vrlo lako mogu prodati. Zrnca uskoro postaju sredstvo razmene i obračunska jedinica u selu: pile je 5 zrna, vreća jabuka 2 zrna, krava 80 zrna.
Ukupna ponuda perli je prilično konstantna i cene se vremenom ne menjaju mnogo. Seoski starešina je uveren da može da se opustiti u poslednjim danima živeći od svoje velike zalihe perli.
Alhemičar stvara više perli
Seoski alhemičar je poželeo da bude bogat čovek, ali nije voleo da vredno radi na tome. Umesto da traži perle u reci ili da prodaje vrednu robu drugim seljanima, on sedeo je u svojoj laboratoriji. Na kraju je otkrio kako da lako stvori stotine perli sa malo peska i vatre.
Seljani koji su tragali za perlama u reci bili su srećni ako bi svaki dan pronašli po 1 zrno. Alhemičar je mogao da proizvede stotine uz malo napora.
Alhemičar troši svoje perle
Budući da je bio prilično zao, alhemičar nije svoj metod pravljenja zrna delio ni sa kim drugim. Stvorio je sebi još više perli i počeo da ih troši za dobra na tržištu u Njutoniji. Tokom sledećih meseci, alhemičar je kupio farmu pilića, nekoliko krava, finu svilu, posteljine i ogromno imanje. On je imao priliku da kupi ova dobra po normalnim cenama na tržištu.
Alhemičarevo trošenje ostavljalo je seljanima mnogo perli, ali malo njihove vredne robe.
Svi seljani su se osećali bogatima – imali su tone perli! Međutim, polako su primetili da i svi ostali takodje imaju tone.
Cene počinju da rastu
Uzgajivač pilića primetio je da sva roba koju je trebalo da kupi na pijaci poskupela. Džak jabuka sada se prodaje za 100 perli – 50 puta više od njihove cene pre nekoliko meseci!
Iako je sada imao hiljade perli, uskoro bi mogao da ostane bez njih zbog ovih cena. Pitao se – da li zaista može sebi da priušti da prodaje svoje piliće za samo 5 perli po komadu? Morao je i on da podigne svoje cene.
Jednostavno rečeno, kao rezultat alhemičarevog trošenja njegovih novostvorenih perli, bilo je previše perli koje su jurile premalo dobara – pa su cene porasle.
Kupci robe bili su spremni da potroše više perli da bi kupili potrebna dobra. Prodavci robe su trebali da naplate više da bi bili sigurni da su zaradili dovoljno da kupe potrebna dobra za sebe.
Budući da su cene svih dobara porasle, možemo reći da se vrednost svake perle smanjila.
Nejednakost bogatstva raste
Seoski starešina, koji je vredno radio da sačuva hiljade perli, sada se našao osiromašenim i gladnim. U međuvremenu, alhemičar je udobno sedeo na svom velikom imanju sa kravama, pilićima i slugama koji su se brinuli za svaki njegov hir.
Alhemičar je efikasno ukrao bogatstvo celog sela, tako što je jeftino proizvodio perle i koristio ih za kupovinu vredne robe.
Ono što je najvažnije, kupio je robu pre nego što je tržište shvatilo da je više perli u opticaju i da ima manje robe, što je dovelo do rasta cena. Ova dodatna proizvodnja perli nije dodala korisnu robu ili usluge selu.
Eksploatacija pomoću Novca: Agri Perle
Nažalost, priča o alhemičaru iz Njutonije nije u potpunosti hipotetička. Ovaj prenos bogatstva kroz stvaranje novca ima istorijske i moderne presedane.
Na primer, afrička plemena su nekada koristila staklene perle, poznate kao “agri perle”, kao sredstvo razmene. U to vreme plemenskim ljudima je bilo veoma teško da prave staklene perle, i one su predstavljale težak novac unutar njihovog plemenskog društva.
Niko nije mogao jeftino da proizvede perle i koristiti ih za kupovinu skupe, vredne robe poput kuća, hrane i odeće.
Eksploatacija pomoću Novca: Agri Perle
Nažalost, priča o alhemičaru iz Njutonije nije u potpunosti hipotetička. Ovaj prenos bogatstva kroz stvaranje novca ima istorijske i moderne presedane.
Na primer, afrička plemena su nekada koristila staklene perle, poznate kao “agri perle”, kao sredstvo razmene. U to vreme plemenskim ljudima je bilo veoma teško da prave staklene perle, i one su predstavljale težak novac unutar njihovog plemenskog društva.
Niko nije mogao jeftino da proizvede perle i koristiti ih za kupovinu skupe, vredne robe poput kuća, hrane i odeće.
Perle proizvedene u GaniSve se promenilo kada su stigli Evropljani, i primetili upotrebu staklenih perli kao novca.
U to vreme, Evropljani su mogli jeftino da stvaraju staklo u velikim količinama. Kao rezultat toga, Evropljani su počeli tajno da uvoze perle i koriste ih za kupovinu dobara, usluga i robova od Afrikanaca.
Peć za izradu stakla u Muranu, Italija. Ovo ostrvo izvan Venecije proizvodi staklo od 15. veka.Vremenom se iz Afrike izvlačila vredna roba i ljudi, dok je plemenima ostajalo mnogo perli i malo robe.
Perle su izgubile veći deo vrednosti zbog inflacije uzrokovane snabdevanjem od strane Evropljana.
Rezultat je bio osiromašenje afričkih plemena i bogaćenje Evropljana, kako to ovde objašnjava monetarni istoričar Bezant Denier.
Dragocena roba je kupljena jeftino proizvedenim monetarnim dobrom.
Profitiranje na proizvodnji novca: Emisiona dobit
Ova priča ilustruje kako se bogatstvo prenosi kada jedna grupa može jeftino da proizvodi monetarno dobro.
Razlika između troškova proizvodnje monetarnog dobra i vrednosti tog monetarnog dobra poznata je kao emisiona dobit, eng. seignorage.
Kada je monetarno dobro mnogo vrednije od troškova proizvodnje, ljudi će proizvesti više od monetarnog dobra da bi uhvatili profit od emisione dobiti.
Na kraju će ova povećana ponuda dovesti do pada vrednosti monetarnog dobra. To je zbog zakona ponude i potražnje: kada se ponuda povećava, cena (poznata i kao vrednost) dobra opada.
Novac Gubi Funkciju 2. Deo: Kejnslandski Bankar
U priči o Njutoniji, alhemičar je otkrio način da se od malo peska jeftino stvori više zelenih perli. To se u stvarnosti odigralo kroz trgovinu između Evropljana i Afrikanaca, pričom o agri perlama. Međutim, ove priče su pomalo zastarele – mi više ne trgujemo robom za perle.
Da bismo nas doveli do modernog doba, hajde da promenimo neka imena u našoj priči:
- Selo Njutonija postaje država koja se zove Kejnsland
- Alhemičar postaje bankar
- Seoski starešina postaje penzioner
- Zelene perle postaju zlato, koje niko ne može jeftinije da stvori – čak ni bankar.
Bankar Menja Papirne Novčanice za Zlato
Kao i u stvarnosti, bankar u ovoj priči nema formulu ili trik da stvori više zlata. Međutim, bankar bezbedno čuva zlato u vlasništvu svakog građanina Kejnslanda. Bankar daje svakom građaninu po jednu potvrdu za svaku uncu zlata koje ima u svom trezoru.
Te potvrde se mogu iskoristiti u bilo koje vreme za stvarno zlato. Papirne potvrde ili novčanice su mnogo pogodnije za plaćanje nego nošenje zlata kroz supermarket.
Građani su srećni – oni imaju prikladno sredstvo plaćanja u vidu bankarevih novčanica, i znaju da niko ne može da ukrade njihovo bogatstvo falsifikujući više zlata.
Građani na kraju počinju da plaćaju u potpunosti papirnim novčanicama, ne trudeći se nikad da zamene svoje novčanice za zlato. Na kraju, novčanice postaju “dobre kao i zlato” – svaka predstavlja fiksnu količinu zlata u bankarevom trezoru.
Ukupno kruži 1.000.000 novčanica, od kojih je svaka otkupljiva za jednu uncu zlata. 1.000.000 unci zlata sedi u bankarevom trezoru. Svaka novčanica je u potpunosti podržana u zlatu.
Starešina koji je sačuvao sve svoje perle u priči o Njutoniji sada je penzioner u Kejnslandu, koji svoje zlato drži u banci i planira da ugodno živi od novčanica koje je dobio zauzvrat.
Hajde da u ovu priču dodamo i novi lik: premijera Kejnslanda. Premijer naplaćuje porez od građana i koristi ga za plaćanje javnih usluga poput policije i vojske. Premijer takođe drži vladino zlato kod bankara.
Bankar Menja Papirne Novčanice za Dug
Premijer želi da osigura da nacionalno zlato ostane na sigurnom, pa banku štiti policijom. Bankar i premijer se zbog toga zbližavaju, pa premijer traži uslugu. Traži od bankara da kreira 200.000 novčanica za premijera, uz obećanje da će mu premijer vratiti za pet godina. Premijeru su novčanice potrebne za finansiranje rata. Građani Kejnslanda borili su se protiv većih poreza zbog finansiranja rata, pa je morao da se obrati bankaru.
Bankar se slaže da izradi novčanice, ali pod jednim uslovom: bankar uzima deo od 10.000 novčanica za sebe. Premijer prihvata posao kojim bankar ’kupuje državni dug’. Sada je u opticaju 1.200.000 novčanica, potpomognutih kombinacijom 1.000.000 unci zlata i ugovorom o dugu sa vladom za 200.000 novčanica.
Premijer troši svoje nove novčanice na bombe kupujući ih od dobavljača iz domaće vojne industrije, a bankar sebi kupuje veliki luksuzni stan.
Dobavljač iz vojne industrije koristi sve nove novčanice koje je dobio od premijera da kupi amonijum nitrat (đubrivo koje se koristi u bombama) za proizvodnju bombi. Sve njegove kupovine povećavaju cenu đubriva za uzgajivače pšenice u Kejnslandu, pa oni podižu cenu pšenice.
Kao uzrok toga, pekar koji kupuje pšenicu treba da podigne cenu svog hleba da bi ostao u poslu. Na taj način cene u Kejnslandu počinju da rastu, baš kao što su to činile u Njutoniji kada su nove perle ušle u opticaj.
Papirne Novčanice Više Ne Predstavljaju Zlato
Penzioner nailazi na finansijski časopis u kojem se pominje premijerov dogovor da se zaduži za finansiranje rata. Obzirom da je mudar, on zna da bombe loše vraćaju ulaganje i sumnja da će premijer ikada da vrati svoj dug.
Ako on ‘podmiri’ svoj dug, to bi ostavilo 1.200.000 novčanica u opticaju sa samo 1.000.000 unci zlata da bi ih podržalo, obezvređujući njegovu ušteđevinu. Već oseća stisak u džepu zbog porasta cena, i on odlučuje da se uputi u lokalnu banku i preda svoje novčanice i zameni ih za zlato, koje niko ne može da napravi u većoj količini.
Kada penzioner stigne u banku, on zatiče i mnoge druge okupljene oko banke. Svi oni se nadaju da će uzeti zlato koje predstavljaju njihove novčanice. Građani Kejnslanda sa pravom se plaše da njihove novčanice gube na vrednosti – oni to već osećaju zbog porasta cena.
Vrata su zaključana, sa obaveštenjem bankara na njima:
Po nalogu premijera, onom koji se plaši za stabilnost ove bankarske institucije, ova banka više neće podržavati konvertibilnost papirnih novčanica u zlato. Hvala vam!
Gomila se razilazi, ostavljena sa jednim izborom: da zadrže svoje novčanice, koje sada vrede manje od 1 unce zlata. Građani sa dovoljno finansijske stabilnosti odlučuju da ulože svoje novčanice u kupovinu akcija banke i kompanija vojne industrije, koje dobro posluju jer mogu da kupuju stvari pre nego što se povećaju tržišne cene.
Mnogi ljudi nisu u mogućnosti da investiraju – oni moraju da gledaju kako njihove zarade stagniraju i kako njihova ušteđevina polako ali sigurno gubi vrednost.
Penzioner, koji se nadao da će živeti od novčanica koje je zaradio tokom svojih 40 radnih godina, sada 40 sati nedeljno provodi iza kase u lokalnoj prodavnici, pitajući se gde je sve pošlo po zlu.
Dug Nikada Nije Otplaćen
Prošlo je nekoliko godina, a premijerov dug prema banci dolazi na naplatu. Budući da je potrošio svih 200.000 novčanica na bombe, koje nemaju baš dobar povraćaj ulaganja, on nema novčanice koje može da vrati banci. Plus, premijer želi da kupi još bombi za svoj rat.
Bankar uverava premijera da je sve u redu. Bankar će napraviti novi ugovor o dugu za 600.000 novčanica, koji bi trebao da stigne na naplatu u narednih 5 godina. Premijer može da iskoristi 200.000 od tih novih 600.000 novčanica da vrati svoj prvobitni dug prema banci, zadrži još 300.000 da kupi još bombi i da 100.000 bankaru da bi mu platio njegove usluge.
To nastavlja da se dešava – svaki put kada dug dospeva na naplatu, bankar stvara više novčanica za vraćanje starijih dugova i daje premijeru još više novca za trošenje. Ovaj ciklus se nastavlja.
Šta se dešava u Kejnslandu?
- Oni koji prvi dobiju nove novčanice, gledaju kako se njihovo bogatstvo povećava
- To uključuje bankara, premijera, vladu i sve one koji mogu da pristupe mogućnostima za investiranje u preduzeća koja prva dobiju nove novčanice (finansijske, vojne itd.).
- Cene roba rastu
- Cene se ne povećavaju ravnomerno – one se povećavaju gde god nove novčanice prvo uđu u ekonomiju i od tog trenutka imaju efekat talasa na tržišta. U našem primeru prvo raste cena amonijum nitrata, zatim cena pšenice, pa cena hleba. A tek na kraju zarade običnih ljudi.
- Štednja i životni standard opšte populacije se smanjuju
- Najviše pate oni koji žive od plate do plate i ne mogu da ulažu. Čak i oni koji su u mogućnosti da investiraju podložni su hirovima tržišta. Mnogi su prisiljeni da prodaju svoje investicije po niskim cenama tokom pada tržišta samo da bi platili svoje dnevne potrebe.
- Razlika u prihodima i bogatstvu između bogatih i siromašnih se povećava
- Bogatstvo opšte populacije se smanjuje, dok se bogatstvo onih koji su blizu mesta gde se troše nove novčanice povećava. Rezultat je disparitet koji se vremenom samo proširuje.
Da li nas novac danas eksploatiše?
Priča o Njutoniji i stvarna priča o agri perlama u Africi deluju pomalo zastarelo. Priča o Kejnslandu, međutim, deluje neobično poznato. U našem svetu cene robe uvek rastu, i vidimo rekordne nivoe nejednakosti u bogatstvu.
U poslednjem odeljku ovog našeg članka Šta je novac, proći ću kroz nastanak bankarstva i korake koji su bili potrebni da se dođe do današnjeg sistema, gde banke i vlade sarađuju u kontroli ekonomije i samog novca.
Šta su banke, i odakle su one došle?
Pojava bankarstva verovatno se dogodila da bi olakšala poljoprivrednu trgovinu i da bi povećala pogodnosti. Iako su se mnoga društva na kraju konvergirala ka upotrebi zlata i srebra kao novca, ovi metali su bili teški i opasni za nošenje kao tovar. Međutim, u mnogim slučajevima ih nije ni trebalo prevoziti. Uzmite ovaj primer:
Grad treba da plati poljoprivrednicima na selu za žito, a poljoprivrednici gradskoj vojsci za zaštitu od varvara. U ovom dogovoru zlato se kreće u oba smera: prema poljoprivrednicima u selu kako bi im se platilo žito, i nazad u grad da bi se platila vojska. Da bi olakšali ove transakcije, preduzetnici su stvorili koncept banke. Banka je zlato čuvala u sigurnom trezoru i izdavala novčanice od papira. Svaka priznanica je predstavljala potvrdu da njen imaoc poseduje određenu količinu zlata u banci. Imaoc novčanice je u svako doba mogao da uzme svoje zlato nazad vraćanjem te novčanice banci.
Korisnici banke mogli su lakše da trguju sa novčanicama od papira, i onaj koji poseduje novčanice mogao je da preuzme njihovo fizičko zlato u bilo kom trenutku. To je te novčanice učinilo “dobrim kao i zlato”.
Banke su izdržavale svoje poslovanje naplaćujući od kupaca naknadu za skladištenje zlata ili pozajmljivanjem dela zlata i zaračunavanjem kamata na njega. Trgovina na ovaj način je mogla da se odvija sa laganim novčanicama od papira umesto sa teškim vrećama zlatnika.
Ovakva praksa sa transakcijama, korišćenjem papirne valute potpomognute monetarnim dobrima, verovatno je započela u Kini u 7. veku.
Na kraju se proširila Evropom 1600-ih, a svoj zalet dobila je u Holandiji sa bankama poput Amsterdamske Wisselbanke. Novčanice Wisselbank-e često su vredele više od zlata koje ih je podržavalo, zbog dodane vrednosti njihovih pogodnosti.
Uspon nacionalnih ‘centralnih banaka’
Tokom vekova, zlato je počelo da se sakuplja u trezorima banaka, jer su ljudi više voleli pogodnosti transakcija sa novčanicama.
Na kraju, nacionalne banke u vlasništvu vlada preuzele su ulogu čuvanja zlata od privatnih banaka koje su započeli preduzetnici.
Nacionalne papirne valute potpomognute zlatnim rezervama u nacionalnim bankama zamenile su novčanice iz privatnih banaka. Sve nacionalne valute bile su jednostavno potvrde za zlato koje se nalazilo u trezoru nacionalne banke.
Ovaj sistem je poznat kao zlatni standard – sve valute su jednostavno predstavljale različite težine zlata.
U gornjem levom uglu novčanice možete videti da piše da je novčanica “zamenljiva za zlato”. Savremeni dolari nemaju ovaj natpis, ali inače izgledaju vrlo slično. IzvorZlatni sistem je postojao veći deo vremena, sve do Prvog svetskog rata. Vladama je bilo teško da prikupe novac za ovaj rat putem poreza, pa su morale da budu kreativne.
Kada vlade troše više nego što zarađuju na porezima, to se naziva deficitna potrošnja.
Kako vlade mogu ovo da urade? Vlade to rade tako što pozajmljuju novac prodavajući svoj dug.
Tokom Prvog svetskog rata, vlade su građanima i preduzećima prodavale vrstu duga koja se naziva ratna obveznica. Kada građanin kupi ratnu obveznicu, on preda svoj novac vladi i dobije papir u kojem je stajalo vladino obećanje da će vlasniku obveznice vratiti novac, plus kamate, za nekoliko godina.
Plakat koji obaveštava građane, tražeći od njih da kupe ratne obveznice – što predstavlja zajam vladi. IzvorCentralne banke ‘monetizuju’ državni dug
Međutim, građani i preduzeća nisu bili voljni da kupe dovoljno ratnih obveznica za finansiranje Prvog svetskog rata.
Vlade se nisu predale – pa su zatražile od svojih nacionalnih ‘centralnih banaka’ da one kupe ove obveznice. Centralne banke su otkupile obveznice, ali ih nisu platile valutom potpomognutom postojećim zlatnim rezervama, kao što su to činili građani i banke prilikom kupovine obveznica.
Centralne banke su umesto toga davale vladi novu, sveže štampanu papirnu valutu potpomognutu samo obveznicom. Ovu valutu podržalo je samo obećanje da će im vlada vratiti dugove. Ovo je poznato kao monetizacija duga.
Budući da su ratne obveznice i valuta samo komadi papira, one su lake i jeftine za proizvodnju i mogu se napraviti u ogromnim količinama. Ono što ograničava proizvodnju i jednog i drugog je poverenje.
Ima smisla da se neko rastane od svog teško stečenog novca da kupi državnu obveznicu, samo ako veruje da će vlada da vrati svoj dug, plus kamate. Centralna banka je “krajnji kupac”, što znači da će ona da kupi državne obveznice kada to niko drugi neće da uradi.
Zapamtite, centralnu banku gotovo da ništa ne košta da kupi državne obveznice, jer oni sami štampaju valutu da bi ih kupili.
Zamislite da pridjete najskupljem automobilu u autosalonu – koji košta 100.000 USD. Mislite da je automobil lep, ali taj novac biste radije potrošili na lepši stan – tako da ste spremni da platite samo 40.000 USD za taj auto.
Sada, hajde da zamislimo da imate štampač za novac i da vas košta samo 50 USD za mastilo i papir da bi ištampali 1.000.000 USD. Vi biste odmah kupili auto, čak i ako biste morali da se cenkate sa drugim čovekom, i da ga na kraju platite 150.000 USD!
Ista stvar se dešava kada centralna banka kupuje obveznice (dugove) od vlade. Centralna banka može da stvori valutu toliko jeftino, da su spremni da plate i više nego što bi drugi platili ove obveznice i nastaviće da ih kupuju čak i kada niko drugi ne bude želeo.
Monetizacija duga uzrokuje inflaciju
Kada centralne banke monetizuju državni dug, funkcija novca kao zalihe vrednosti počinje da se nagriza. Vlada troši novi novac koji je dobila od svoje centralne banke na ratnu robu, obroke i još mnogo toga.
Cene roba rastu od ove novoštampane valute koja kruži kroz ekonomiju. Kada se cene povećavaju, to znači da se vrednost svake jedinice valute smanjuje. Svi koji drže valutu sada imaju manje vrednosti. Danas to nazivamo sporim gubitkom funkcije zalihe vrednosti u novčanoj inflaciji.
Za Nemačku nakon Prvog svetskog rata monetizacija duga izazvala je totalni slom Nemačke ekonomije i stvorila uslove za rast fašizma.
Kao deo sporazuma o prekidu vatre koji je okončao Prvi svetski rat, Nemačka je pobednicima morala da plati ogroman novac. Nemačkoj vladi je bio preko potreban novac, pa su prodale obveznice (dug) Rajhsbanci, nemačkoj centralnoj banci.
Ovaj postupak doveo je do toga da je vlada štampala toliko maraka (tadašnja nemačka valuta) da je tempo inflacije u Nemačkoj ubrzan u hiperinflaciju početkom 1920-ih. Cena vekne hleba za samo 4 godine popela se sa 1,2 marke na 428 biliona maraka.
Tokom i posle Prvog svetskog rata, SAD, Britanija, Francuska i mnoge druge vlade pratile su Nemačku u štampanju valute potpomognute državnim dugom.
To je dovelo do toga da su građani želeli da svoju papirnu valutu zamene za zlato, baš kao i penzioner iz priče o Kejnslandu.
Međutim, mnoge vlade su suspendovale konvertibilnost svojih valuta u zlato. Ovim potezom vlade su primorale svoje građane da drže nacionalnu papirnu valutu i gledaju kako se njihova ušteda smanjuje u vrednosti.
Da bi mogle da nastave da štampaju novac i da bi ga trošile na nepopularne programe za koje nisu mogle da skupljaju poreze za finansiranje – poput ratova.
Bretton Woods: Novi monetarni sistem
Nakon razaranja koja su donela dva svetska rata, vlade su uspostavile novi globalni monetarni sistem prema Bretton Woods-ovom sporazumu iz 1944. godine.
Prema ovom sporazumu, valuta svake države konvertovala se po fiksnom kursu sa američkim dolarom. Američki dolar je zauzvrat predstavljao zlato po stopi od 35 USD za jednu trojsku uncu zlata*.
Sve globalne valute su stoga još uvek bile jednostavna reprezentacija zlata, putem američkih dolara kao posrednika. Redovni građani više nisu mogli da otkupljuju svoje valute za zlato iz Sjedinjenih Država. Međutim, strane centralne banke mogle bi da dođu u Sjedinjene Države da bi zamenile dolare za zlato po stopi od 35 USD za jednu uncu zlata.
Međutim, vlada Sjedinjenih Država nije uvek držala dovoljno zlata da podrži sve dolare u opticaju. Američka vlada nastavila je da finansira proširene socijalne i vojne programe prodajom državnog duga svojoj centralnoj banci, Federalnim rezervama, koja je povećala ponudu dolara bez povećanja ponude zlata koja podupire te dolare.
*Trojna unca je standardna mera čistog zlata i ima malo veću težinu od normalne unce.
Propast Bretton Woods-a
Tokom 1970-ih, sve veći troškovi rata u Vijetnamu i stranih vlada koje su otkupljivale svoje dolare za zlato, stvorili su pritisak na Trezor Sjedinjenih Država.
Ponuda dolara je porasla, dok je zlato u posedu Sjedinjenih Država opalo. Od 1950. pa do početka 1970-ih, rezerve zlata koje je držala vlada Sjedinjenih Država smanjile su se za više od 50%, sa 20 metričkih tona na samo 8 metričkih tona.
Godine 1970. država je imala zlata u vrednosti od samo 12 biliona dolara po zvaničnom kursu od 35 dolara za trojsku uncu zlata. Tokom ovog istog vremenskog perioda, ukupna ponuda američkih dolara otišla je sa oko 32 biliona USD na skoro 70 biliona USD.
Zvanične rezerve zlata u SAD-u su naglo padale od 1950. do 1970. godine, dok su se dolari u opticaju povećavali. Izvor: Wikipedia, DollarDaze.orgAmerička vlada nije bila u stanju da potkrepi dolare zlatom od 35 dolara po trojnoj unci, što dovelo do rizika za čitav globalni monetarni sistem.
Početkom sedamdesetih godina, trojna unca zlata trebala je da vredi 200 USD da bi u potpunosti podržala sve američke dolare u opticaju. Rečeno na drugi način, Sjedinjene Države su pokušavale da kažu svetu da jedan dolar vredi 1/35 trojne unce zlata, ali u stvarnosti dolar je vredeo samo 1/200 trojne unce.
Kad su strane vlade trebale da pribave dolare za međunarodnu trgovinu i rezerve, bile su opelješene. Francuska vlada je to shvatila šezdesetih godina prošlog veka i počela je da prodaje svoje američke dolare za zlato po zvaničnom kursu od 35 dolara za trojsku uncu zlata.
Zemlje su počinjale da se bude iz šeme američke vlade. SAD su krale bogatstvo putem emisione dobiti, prodajući dolare za 1/35 trojne unce zlata, kada su vredeli samo 1/200 trojske unce.
Nixonov Šok ulazi u ’tradicionalni’ novac
Da bi kuća od karata mogla da ostane na mestu, predsednik Nixon je 1971. najavio da će američka vlada privremeno da obustavi konvertibilnost dolara u zlato.
Strane vlade više nisu mogle da polažu pravo na zlato svojim papirnim dolarima, a dolar više nije bio “poduprt” zlatom. Nixon je tvrdio da će ovo stabilizovati dolar.
50 godina kasnije, kristalno je jasno da je ovo samo pomoglo dolaru da izgubi vrednost i da ovaj “privremeni” program još uvek traje.
Pre 1971. godine, sve globalne valute bile su vezane za američki dolar putem Bretton Woods-ovog sporazuma. Kada je Nixon promenio američki dolar iz dolara podržanog u zlatu u dolar podržan dugom, ovim je promenio i svaku drugu valutu na Zemlji.
Sam je učinio da se celokupna svetska ekonomija zasniva na dugovima. Valute više nisu predstavljale zlato, već su predstavljale vrednost državnog duga.
Zlatni Standard se nikada nije vratio
Konvertibilnost američkih dolara u zlato – zlatni standard – nikada se nije vratio.
Od 1971. godine, čitav globalni monetarni sistem pokreće se tradicionalnim “fiat” valutama: poverenjem u vladine institucije da održavaju valutni sistem.
Većina valuta podržana je kombinacijom duga njihove vlade i drugih tradicionalnih valuta poput dolara i evra. Papirne valute više nisu podržane zlatom, imovinom koja je više od 5000 godina služila kao težak novac.
Danas vas vlade prisiljavaju da plaćate porez u njihovoj valuti i manipulišu saznanjima oko novca kako bi osigurale da potražnja za njihovom valutom ostane velika.
To im omogućava da neprestano štampaju više valuta, da bi je potrošili na vladine projekte, uzrokujući inflaciju cena koja jede i smanjuje bogatstvo i plate.
Američka vlada sada prodaje državne obveznice (dugove), poznate kao obveznice Trezora SAD, eng. US Treasuries, komercijalnim bankama u zamenu za američke dolare.
Vlada koristi te dolare za finansiranje svog budžetskog deficita. Komercijalne banke prodaju mnoge obveznice Trezora SAD, koje su kupile, američkoj centralnoj banci, Federalnim Rezervama.
Federalne rezerve plaćaju komercijalnim bankama sveže štampanim novcem “pomoću računara i upisivanjem količine na račun”, kako je rekao bivši predsednik Fed-a Ben Bernanke.
Ove komercijalne banke često zarađuju samo kupujući obveznice Trezora SAD od države i prodajući ih centralnoj banci. Kupujte nisko, prodajte visoko.
Centralne banke ovaj proces kupovine državnog duga – odnosno pozajmljivanja novca državi – nazivaju operacijama otvorenog tržišta.
Kada centralna banka odjednom kupi velike iznose duga, oni to nazivaju kvantitativnim ublažavanjem. Centralne banke javno najavljuju kupovinu državnog duga, ali vrlo malo ljudi razume šta to zapravo znači.
Euro, jen i svaka druga valuta koja se danas koristi funkcionišu slično kao američki dolar.
Da li će SAD ikada vratiti svoj nacionalni dug? Neobična stvar u vezi sa državnim dugom SAD-a je ta što vlada poseduje štampariju potrebnu za njegovu otplatu.
Kao rezultat toga, kada vlada duguje novac, oni samo pozajme još više novca da bi otplatile taj dug, povećavajući nacionalni dug.
Ako vam ovo zvuči kao Ponzijeva piramidalna šema, to je zato što ona to i jeste – najveća Ponzijeva šema u istoriji. Kao i svaka Ponzijeva šema, nastaviće se sve dok su ljudi koji kupuju Ponzijevu šemu budu uvereni da će im biti plaćeno nazad.
Ako ljudi i nacije prestanu da se zadužuju i koriste američke dolare jer nemaju poverenja u američku vladu ili vide da cena robe raste (tj. dolar postaje sve manje vredan), potražnja za dolarom će opadati, što će izazvati začaranu spiralu.
Ova spirala često završi u hiperinflaciji, kao što smo videli u novijoj istoriji sa Jugoslavijom, Venecuelom, Argentinom, Zimbabveom i mnogim drugim državama.
Ovo je način kako funkcioniše novac na vašem bankovnom računu. Novac svake nacije na svetu pati od istih problema kao i perle i novčanice u pričama o Njutoniji i Kejnslandu.
Kako banke i vlade kradu tvoj novac?
Tokom vekova, stigli smo do monetarnog sistema u kojem banke i vlade mogu da štampaju novu valutu za finansiranje svojih operacija i svojih prijatelja u zločinu, dok kradu bogatstvo svojih građana.
Šta će se desiti sa svetom kada novac bude mogao da štampa svaki narod na planeti?
- Bogatstvo onih koji su blizu pravljenja nove valute se povećava
- Vlada i politički povlašćena klasa ljudi, imaju pristup novoštampanom novcu pre svih ostalih, pa mogu da ga potroše pre nego što cene porastu. Na ovaj efekat pokazao je ekonomista Richard Cantillon sredinom 1700-ih i poznat je kao Cantillonov Efekat.
- Cena robe raste (poznato kao inflacija)
- Ne raste sve roba istovremeno u ceni. Roba blizu mesta gde se proizvodi nova valuta – finansijski sektor i vlada – prva raste, i odatle uzrokuje efekt talasa na cene.
- Inflacija se često predstavlja kao promena cene potrošačke korpe, poznata kao Indeks Potrošačkih Cena, eng. Consumer Price Index (CPI). Vlada ima alate za manipulisanje ovim brojem kako bi osigurala da se ona čini niskom i stabilnom, kao što je objašnjeno u našem članku o inflaciji.
- Finansijska imovina često primećuje ogromnu inflaciju, ali bankari to ne nazivaju inflacijom – oni kažu da naša ekonomija cveta! Nakon što su američke Federalne rezerve učetvorostručile ponudu američkih dolara u šest godina nakon finansijske krize 2008. godine, banke koje su dobile te nove dolare, kupile su akcije i obveznice, stvarajući ogroman balon u cenama ove imovine.
- Štednja i životni standard stanovništva se smanjuju
- Plate su jedna od poslednjih “cena” u ekonomiji koja se prilagođava, jer se često povećavaju samo jednom godišnje. U međuvremenu, cene dnevnih potrepština te osobe koja zaradjuje platu neprestano rastu kako novi novac kruži ekonomijom.
- Najviše su pogođeni oni koji žive od plate do plate – a to je 70% Amerikanaca.
- Razlike u prihodima između bogatih i siromašnih se povećavaju, kao što se vidi na grafikonu ispod.
Koncentracija Dohotka na Vrhu Naglo je Porasla od 1970-ih
(Udeo u ukupnom prihodu pre oporezivanja u domaćinstvima sa najvišim dohotkom (uključujući kapitalne dobitke), 1913-2018)Zašto i dalje imamo isti monetarni sistem?
Ako ovaj sistem bogate još više obogaćuje, a siromašne još više osiromašuje, dovodeći do političke nestabilnosti, zašto ga onda ne bismo promenili?
Najveći razlog zašto se ništa ne menja je verovatno to što puno toga ne znamo o samom sistemu. Svi svakodnevno koristimo valute svojih vlada, ali većina nas ne razume kako sistem funkcioniše i šta on čini našim društvima.
Obrazovni sistem, mediji i finansijski stručnjaci neprestano nam govore da je monetarni sistem previše komplikovan da bi ga normalni ljudi razumeli. Mnogi od nas se zato i ne trude da pokušaju.
Još nekoliko razloga zašto ovaj sistem nastavlja da opstaje:
- Mnogo je ljudi koji imaju direktnu korist od štampanja novog novca.
- Ti ljudi ne žele nikakve promene i bore se da zadrže tu moć.
- Nacionalne valute su često pogodne
- Kreditne kartice, online bankarstvo i još mnogo toga čine upravljanje nacionalnim valutama i njihovo trošenje lakim i jednostavnim.
- Građani moraju da plaćaju porez u svojoj nacionalnoj valuti
- To stvara potražnju za tom valutom od svih građana, povećavajući njenu vrednost.
- Glavna međunarodna tržišta, poput nafte, denominirana su u dolarima.
- Nafta je potrebna svakoj zemlji na planeti, ali pošto mnogi ne mogu da je proizvode, moraju da je kupuju na međunarodnim berzama. Od 1970-ih na ovim berzama gotovo sva nafta se prodaje za dolare, što stvara potražnju za dolarima. Da bi se odmaknule od ovog sistema, zemlje bi trebale da pronađu novu valutu ili robu za trgovinu naftom, što zahteva vreme i rizike.
- Nije postojala dobra alternativa
- Uz globalnu ekonomiju u realnom vremenu, naš sistem digitalnog bankarstva koji koristi nacionalne valute je pogodan. Transakcija u tvrdom novcu poput zlata bila bi previše nezgrapna za današnji svet. Digitalna valuta pod nazivom Bitcoin, predstavljena 2009. godine, je rastuća alternativa koja nudi čvrst novac koji se kreće brzinom interneta.
Šta je novac, i zašto trebate da brinete?
Novac je alat koji olakšava razmenu dobara. Kao i svako drugo dobro, novac se pridržava zakona ponude i potražnje – povećanje potražnje povećaće njegovu vrednost, a povećanje ponude smanjiće njegovu vrednost.
Na ovaj način novac se ne razlikuje od kuće ili piletine. Međutim, velika prodajnost novca znači da je potražnja za njim uvek velika. Kao rezultat, novac mora biti težak za proizvodnju (a samim tim i ograničen u ponudi) ili će ga onaj ko ga može napraviti, stvoriti toliko, da vremenom više neće služiti kao zaliha vrednosti. Uskoro će izgubiti svoje funkcije kao sredstvo razmene i obračunske jedinice.
Najbolji novac u datoj ekonomiji je onaj koji se najslobodnije kreće – svi ga žele, lako je obaviti transakcije sa njim i koji sa vremenom dobro drži svoju vrednost. Nijedan novac nije savršen u svemu ovome, a neki ističu jednu funkciju novca na štetu drugih.
Iako se istorija ne ponavlja, ona se rimuje, a usponi i padovi monetarnih sistema imaju jasne ritmove. Uspon i pad monetarnog sistema često sledi opšti obrazac koji smo videli u pričama o agri perlama i Kejnslandu: pojavljuje se odredjenji oblik novca koji pomaže ljudima da efikasnije trguju i štede, ali na kraju gubi na vrednosti kada neko shvati kako da ga jeftino stvori u velikoj količini. Međutim, tokom dugog perioda vremena, monetarni sistemi su se poboljšali u sve tri funkcije novca.
Na primer, zlato je tokom vremena dobro služilo kao zaliha vrednosti. Međutim, naša međusobno povezana ekonomija ne bi mogla efikasno da funkcioniše ako bi trebalo da fizičko zlato zamenimo robom i uslugama. Mnogo je lakše kretati se na papirnom i digitalnom novcu, ali istorija nam govori da su vlade i bankari iskoristili ove oblike novca za krađu bogatstva putem inflacije.
Današnji globalni monetarni sistem je vrlo zgodan, a digitalna plaćanja i kreditne kartice olakšavaju trošenje novca. Ovo skriva stalnu inflaciju koja nagriza vrednost svake jedinice novca i dovodi do sve većeg jaza u bogatstvu.
Nadam se da je ovaj članak proširio vaše razumevanje novca i njegove uloge u društvu. Ovo je samo početak svega što treba istražiti o novcu: za kasnije su sačuvane teme o inflaciji, kamatnim stopama, pozajmljivanju, poslovnim ciklusima i još mnogo toga.
Efikasnija Ušteda Novca
Možda se pitate kako zaštititi svoju štednju kada svaki oblik često korišćenog novca i investicija pati od inflacije ponude – koja umanjuje vrednost i prenosi bogatstvo onima koji mogu da stvore novac ili investiciju. Možda se čini da se ništa na planeti danas ne može kvalifikovati kao ‘težak’ novac, ali dve stvari ipak ostaju: zlato i njegov noviji rođak Bitcoin. Obe ove stvari je neverovatno teško proizvesti, a jedna od njih se kreće brzinom interneta i može se čuvati u vašem mozgu.
Ako želite da saznate više o Bitcoin-u kao sredstvu za zaštitu vaše ušteđevine, pročitajte ovde. Ako ste već spremni za kupovinu Bitcoin-a, pogledajte moj vodič za kupovinu Bitcoin-a. Možete početi sa investiranjem sa samo 5 ili 10 €.
Zasluge
Hvala svima koji su pomogli u izradi i uređivanju ove serije o novcu: @ck_SNARKS, @CryptoRothbard, Neil Woodfine, Emil Sandstedt, Taylor Pearson, Parker Lewis, Jason Choi, mojoj porodici i mnogim drugima.
Hvala svima koji su ovo inspirisali i razvili ključne ideje koje su ovde primenjene: Friedrich Hayek, Carl Menger, Ludwig Von Mises, Murray Rothbard, Saifedean Ammous, Dan Held, Pierre Rochard, Stephan Livera, Michael Goldstein, i mnogi drugi.
Molim vas da šerujete! Ako vam je ovaj članak otvorio oči o tome kako funkcioniše naš novac i finansijski sistem, kontaktirajte me ili ostavite komentar!
Ako vam se sviđa moj rad, molim vas da ga podelite sa svojim prijateljima i porodicom. Cilj mi je da svima pružim pogled u ekonomiju i na to kako ona utiče na njihov život.
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@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-12 20:27:54
"Za sve one koji još uvek nisu u potpunosti razumeli kontroverzni Bitkoin, ovo je koncizni i informativni brzi kurs o novcu i kriptovalutama."
Bitkoin: Kraj novca kakvog poznajemo - IMDB
Prevod: SatoshiSan / @SSG_SatoshiSan
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@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-13 00:15:41
► System Tools
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- 🌐 Awesome Windows 11 - Windows 11 Resources
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- Terminator - Online Virtual Machines
- JSLinux - Online Linux Virtual Machines
- QuickEmu or Dexpot - Virtual Machine Creator
- Virtual x86 - x86-compatible OS Emulators
- PCjs Machines - Classic Computer Emulators
- InfiniteMac - Apple OS Emulators
- winevdm - 16-bit Windows on 64-bit Systems
- Blink - Linux Emulator for Windows
- Dockerholics - Docker Apps
- WebCatalog - Turn Sites into Desktop Apps
► Hardware Tools
- ↪️ PC Building / Shopping
- ⭐ PSU Calculator - Find Compatible Power Supplies
- DeviceTests - Multiple Device Tests
- NotCPUCores, BES, ParkControl, QuickCPU or Process Lasso - CPU Optimizer
- Ozone3D, UNIGINE Benchmarks or OCCT - System Benchmarking
- Testmem5 - Memory Benchmarking
- MemTest - Memory Diagnostic Tool
- SDIO, Drivers Collection, Driverscape or DriverStoreExplorer - Update / Install Missing Drivers / Note
- VOGONS - Vintage Computer Hardware Forum
▷ Hardware Monitors
- ⭐ HWiNFO - System Info & Monitoring
- Scrutiny, GSmartControl / GitHub or smartmontools - Hard Drive Monitors
- CoolerControl - Cooling Device Monitor
- BatteryMode - System Tray Battery Percentage / Managers / GitHub
- HWMonitor - Hardware Monitors
- fastfetch - System Info & Monitoring
- Task Manager DeLuxe - Task Manager Alt
- Libre Hardware Monitor - Updated Fork of Open Hardware Monitor
- FanControl / GitHub or FanCtrl - PC Fan Controllers
- Traffic Monitor - Network & Hardware Monitor
- bottom or Glances / GitHub - Terminal Hardware Monitors
▷ GPU Tools
- ⭐ NVTOP - GPU / Accelerator Process Monitor
- ⭐ GreenWithEnvy - Manage / Control NVIDIA Cards
- ⭐ NVCleanstall or NVSlimmer - NVIDIA Driver Packages
- Display Driver Uninstaller, 2 - Display Driver Removal Tool / GitHub
- TinyNvidiaUpdateChecker - NVIDIA GPU Update Checker
- nvidiaProfileInspector - Modify / View Hidden NVIDIA Settings / Guide
- RadeonSoftwareSlimmer - Debloat AMD Drivers
- R.ID - AMD 3rd Party Drivers / Discord
- SMCAMDProcessor - AMD Processor Power Management
- PresentMon - GPU Benchmarking
- Universal x86 Tuning Utility - Laptop GPU Controller / GitHub
- RyzenAdj - Ryzen Laptop GPU Controller
▷ Disk Tools
- 🌐 Awesome Storage - File Storage Resources
- 🌐 Awesome DataHoarding - Data Hoarding Resources
- ⭐ WizTree - Disk Usage Analyzer
- ⭐ CrystalDiskMark or CCISOBench - Disk Benchmarking Tools
- ⭐ GParted / GitLab, MiniTool Partition Wizard or AOMEI Partition Assistant / Unlocker - Partition Managers
- ⭐ Validrive - Check True Storage Size of USB Devices
- WinDirStat - Disk Usage Analyzer / Cleanup Tool / GitHub
- TrueNAS - Storage System
- QDirStat - Directory Statistics
- CrystalDiskInfo - S.M.A.R.T. Data Analyzer
- Macrorit Partition Expert or Diskovery - Disk Usage Analyzers
- Gdu or dua - Disk Usage Analyzer with Parallel Processing
- Erdtree - Cross-Platform Disk Usage Analyzer
- PC Manager - Disk Managers / Cleanup
- Air Live Drive - Mount Cloud Drives as Local Disks
- SFTPDrive - Mount SFTP Servers as Local Disks
▷ Monitor Tools
- ⭐ DisplayFusion or Dual Monitor Tool - Dual Monitor Tools
- ⭐ f.lux, LightBulb, ScreenTemperature or SunsetScreen - Adjust Display Color / Temperature
- ⭐ Monitorian, Twinkle Tray / GitHub or Dimmer - Adjust Monitor Brightness
- EIZO, Monitor or LCDTech - Monitor Performance Tests
- TestUFO - Monitor Framerate Test
- LittleBigMouse - DPI Test
- Scalizer - Auto DPI Scaling / YouTube
- ICM or ICC Profiles - ICC Profiles and Monitor Calibration
- Display Calc - Display Distance / Dimension Calculator
- Multi-Monitor Calculator - Dual-Monitor Setup Planning / Tests
- Wide Gamut - Color Compatibility Test
- Dead.Pixel - Dead Pixel Test
- JScreenFix - Repair Stuck Pixels
- CenterOfMyScreen - Find Center of Monitor
- ShowDesktopOneMonitor - Show Desktop for Only One Monitor
- Deskreen / GitHub or SpaceDesk - Use Mobile Device as Monitor
- ShaderGlass - Custom Screen Shaders
- DaltonLens or Toptal - Color Blindness Filters
- NVDA - Screen Reader for Blind Users / GitHub
▷ Mouse / Keyboard
- ⭐ /r/MechanicalKeyboards Wiki - Mechanical Keyboard Resources
- ⭐ Hotkey Cheatsheet, Use The Keyboard, HotkeyP, Clavier++, Kinto or CheatKeys - Keyboard Shortcuts / Image, 2 / Course
- ⭐ VIA / GitHub, SharpKeys, Kanata, keymapper, Ergogen, Mahou - Custom Keyboard Layouts / Remapping
- ⭐ geekhack or KeebTalk - Keyboard Forums
- X-Mouse Button Control - Re-Map Mouse Buttons / Scroll Wheel
- MoveMouse or MouseJiggler - Simulate User Activity
- Raw Accel - Mouse Acceleration Tool
- StrokeIt - Mouse Gestures
- Espanso - Typing Shortcuts / GitHub
- win-vind - Vim Style Keybindings for Windows
- Vial - Custom Keyboard Config Tool
- KeyViz - Keystroke Visualizer
- WhatPulse - Mouse / Keyboard Usage Analyzer
- Kmonad - Keyboard Manager
- Deskhop - Quickly Switch Devices between Computers
- Switchy - Switch Keyboard Languages with Button
- Is this good? - Custom Keyboard Guides
- DreyMaR's - Keyboard Tips and Resources
- Keyboard University or KDB - Mechanical Keyboard Building Guides
- Cosmos - Create Custom Keyboards
- Keyboard Simulator - Design & Test Virtual Keyboards
- Key Test - Keyboard Tester
▷ System Audio
- ⭐ Equalizer APO, 2 / GUI, AutoEq, Dolby Access / Note or FXSound - Audio Equalizers
- Wave Link or VoiceMeeter / Banana - Audio Mixers / Multi-Device Playback
- SoundSwitch - Switch Audio Device with Hotkey / GitHub
- SonyHeadphonesClient - Sony Headphones Clone
- Audiocheck - Audio Tests
- LowAudioLatency - Reduce Audio Latency
- DigitalFeed - Lossless Audio Sound System Test
- Online Mic Test or Check Mic - Mic Test
- Sound Meter or REW - Measure Surrounding Sound Level
- Krisp or noise-suppression-for-voice - Noise Suppression Tools
- AirPods Dirty Secret - AirPods Repair Directory
► Windows ISOs
- ⭐ Genuine Installation Media - Windows ISOs / Clean Install Guide
- files.rg-adguard or MVS dump - Verify ISO Legitimacy
- OS.click, MyDigitalLife or Microsoft SD - Windows ISOs
- Old School OS, OS Vault, VETUSWARE or WinWorldPC - Oldschool ISOs
- Fido - ISO Powershell Script
- NetBoot - Boot Operating Systems without ISOs
- CoolStar - Install Windows on Chromebook
▷ USB / Bootloaders
- ⭐ Rufus - Create Bootable USB Drives
- ⭐ YUMI - Create Bootable USB Drives
- MediaCreationTool - Windows Deployment Automation
- USBTreeView - USB Device Tree Viewer
- CloverBootloader or EasyBCD - Bootloaders / Config
▷ Windows Activation
- ⭐ MAS - Activation Scripts / Windows / Office / Discord
- ⭐ KMS_VL_ALL_AIO - Offline Activator / Windows / Office
- OfficeRTool - Offline Activator / Office
▷ Windows Updates
- ⭐ Windows 10 After EOL - Receive Windows Updates After Win10's End-Of-Life
- ⭐ ChangeWindows - Latest Windows Update Info
- stopupdates10 or InControl - Enable / Disable Win 10/11 Updates / Can Cause Breakage
- LegacyUpdate - Fix Windows Updates for Legacy Editions
- Extended Win 7 Updates - Extended Windows 7 Updates
- WURefresh - Reset Windows Update Components
- UUP Dump or Microsoft Update Catalog - Download Previous Windows Updates
- PC Health Check or WhyNotWin11 - Identify why your PC isn't Ready for Windows 11
- FlashMyBoard - Receive Motherboard Update Notifications
▷ Windows Repair
- MagNumDB, ErrorLookup or Microsoft Error Lookup - Windows Debugging Tools
- /r/TechSupport / Wiki - Tech Support Subreddit / Discord
- Hardforum, TechGuy, Eleven Forums or Ten Forums - Tech Support Forums
- Medicat - Computer Diagnostic / Recovery Toolkit / GitHub
- PhoenixPE - Recovery Environment
- Hiren's BootCD PE or Win10XPE - Preinstallation Environments / Recovery
- Magic Trace - Diagnose Performance Issues using Intel Processor Trace
► Customization
- 🌐 Windows-Ricing or Heliohost Guide - Windows Ricing Resources
- ⭐ Rainmeter - Desktop Customization / Discord
- ⭐ OpenRGB / Beta, WLED, Aurora, LiquidCTL, Artemis, RGBSync, SignalRGB or FireLight - RGB Lighting Control
- ⭐ VSThemes, WindowsCustomization or 7Themes - Theme Indexes
- Styled Themes - Anime / Modern Style / macOS Style, 2 / Old School Style, 2
- VirtualCustoms or winthemers - Customization Communities
- Desktops - Customization Showcases
- XDesktopSoft - Desktop Customization
- SecureUxTheme or UltraUXThemePatcher - UX Patcher
- Cursormania Archive - Cursors
- MacOS Cursors for Windows, CursorOS or macOS-cursors-for-Windows - macOS Style Cursors
- Mechvibes / GitHub or MechaKeys - Keyboard Sound Effects
- ElectricSheep or After Dark CSS - Screensavers
- FolderMarker, Flaired Folder, CustomFolder - Custom Folder Icons
- Recycle Bin Themes - Custom Recycle Bin Icons
- msstyleEditor - Visual Style Editor
- StartIsBack or StartAllBack - Start Menu Customization
- Taskbar Tweaker, TranslucentTB, NiceTaskbar - Taskbar Customization / Old School Style
- AccentColorizer - Accent Color Customization
- BeautySearch - Search Customization
- ElevenClock - Clock Customization
- HackBGRT - Boot Logo Changer
- WinDynamicDesktop or Dynamic Theme - Auto Change Wallpaper
- ExplorerBlurMica - File Explorer Effects
- MicaForEveryone - Title Bar Effects
- Cute Borders - Border Color Changer (Win11 Only)
- ModernFlyouts - Modern Flyouts / GitHub
- Alternative Windows Shells Wiki - Alt Windows Shells
- Aerial - Apple TV Screensaver
- ExcelDarkThemeFix - Fix Excel on Themed Windows
- MacType - Use Mac Fonts on Windows / GitHub
▷ App Themes
- ⭐ Dracula / Discord or Catppuccin / Discord - Custom App Themes
- ⭐ terminal.sexy, TerminalSplash, Solarized or WindowsTerminalThemes - Terminal Themes
- Rosé Pine / Discord, Aura Theme or theme.park - Custom App Themes
- Totally Awesome List - Old School App Themes
- Pokemon Terminal - Pokémon Terminal Themes
- Traffic Monitor - System Monitor Themes
▷ Wallpapers
- ⭐ wallhaven.cc - Search Wallpapers / Downloader / Client
- ⭐ Wallpaper Abyss, WallpaperCave, WallpapersCraft, VSThemes - Search Wallpapers
- ⭐ Rev Wallpaper or r/WallpaperRequests - Reverse Wallpaper Search
- ⭐ Studio Ghibli Wallpapers or Ghibli Upscaled - Studio Ghibli Wallpapers
- ⭐ Ultimate Windows Wallpack / Wiki, Spotlight - Windows Wallpapers
- ⭐ LWP, /r/LivingBackgrounds, WALLegend or MoeWalls - Live Wallpapers
- /r/Wallpaper - Wallpapers Community
- DualMonitorBackgrounds - Dual Monitor Wallpapers
- Scenic Illustrations - Landscape Wallpapers
- CoolBackgrounds - Customizable Wallpapers
- Simple Desktops, Minimalistic Wallpaper, Positron Dream or SetAsWall - Minimalist Wallpapers
- Aesthetic Wallpapers - Aesthetic Wallpapers
- Mac Walls or BasicAppleBlog - Apple Wallpapers
- ChromecastBG - Chromecast Wallpapers
- Bing Wallpaper Archive - Bing Wallpapers
- Xbox Wallpapers - Xbox Wallpapers
- Screencaps or shot.cafe - Movie / TV Wallpapers
- Anime Pictures, WallpaperWaifu, TheOtaku or MyLiveWallpapers - Anime Wallpapers
- WallsPic, WallpaperFlare, HDQwalls or UHD Wallpaper - Misc Wallpapers
- G_Walls - Telegram Wallpaper Channels
▷ Wallpaper Tools
- ⭐ Wallpaper Engine / PKG to Zip / Collections, 2 / Workshop DL - Wallpaper Manager
- ⭐ Lively or ScreenPlay - Live Wallpaper Manager
- backiee - Wallpaper Manager
- SuperPaper - Cross-Platform Multi-Monitor Wallpaper Manager
- Background Switcher - Multi-Host Wallpaper Switcher
- Faerber - Edit Wallpapers to Match Color Scheme
- AutoWall - Turn Videos / GIFs to Live Wallpapers
- Awesome Wallpaper - Show System Information on Wallpaper
-
@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-12 16:29:32
- Install Organic Maps
- Launch the app and download the World Map first
- Tap the ☰ at the bottom, then select Download Maps, and tap the + icon
- Download maps by tapping ⤓ next to your desired region
- Return to the main screen and tap 🔍 to search for your destination
- Enjoy navigating offline
ℹ️ Note that Organic Maps does not provide live traffic updates
-
@ 6be5cc06:5259daf0
2025-05-12 14:50:36
A posição do libertário que rejeita o cristianismo padece de sérias incoerências lógicas, históricas e filosóficas. Ao renegar as bases espirituais e culturais que tornaram possível o próprio ideal libertário, tal posição demonstra ser, ao mesmo tempo, autofágica e irracional. É o caso de alguém que se gloria dos frutos de uma árvore que corta pela raiz.
I. Fundamento histórico: a civilização da liberdade é cristã
Não foi o secularismo moderno, nem o paganismo antigo, que ergueram as instituições que protegem a dignidade da pessoa humana e os limites ao poder. Desde os primeiros séculos, a Igreja resistiu ao culto estatal romano, afirmando a soberania de Deus sobre os Césares — "Mais importa obedecer a Deus que aos homens" (Atos 5,29).
Foi o cristianismo que:
-
Fundou universidades livres, onde o saber era buscado sob o primado da verdade;
-
Defendeu a lei natural como fundamento do direito — uma doutrina que protege o indivíduo contra tiranias;
-
Resgatou e aprofundou o conceito de pessoa, dotada de razão e livre-arbítrio, imagem de Deus, e, portanto, inalienavelmente digna e responsável.
Em momentos-chave da história, como nas disputas entre papado e império, nas resistências contra absolutismos, e na fundação do direito internacional por Francisco de Vitoria e a Escola de Salamanca, foi o cristianismo quem freou o poder estatal em nome de princípios superiores. A tradição cristã foi frequentemente o principal obstáculo à tirania, não seu aliado.
Negar isso é amputar a própria genealogia da liberdade ocidental.
Uma das chaves do cristianismo para a construção dessa civilização da liberdade foi a exaltação do individualismo. Ao afirmar que o ser humano é feito à imagem de Deus e que sua salvação é uma escolha pessoal, o cristianismo colocou o indivíduo no centro da moralidade e da liberdade. Diferente dos gregos, cuja ética era voltada para a polis e a cidade-estado, o cristianismo reafirma a suprema importância do indivíduo, com sua capacidade de escolha moral, responsabilidade pessoal e dignidade intrínseca. Esse princípio, mais do que qualquer outra religião, foi o alicerce do desenvolvimento da liberdade individual e da autonomia, valores que sustentam a civilização ocidental.
A ética grega, na melhor das hipóteses, descreve a ordem natural — mas não consegue justificar por que essa ordem deveria obrigar a vontade humana. Um Logos impessoal não tem autoridade moral. Uma ordem cósmica sem um Legislador é apenas um dado de fato, não uma norma vinculante. A vontade pode rebelar-se contra o telos — e sem um Deus justo, que ordena a natureza à perfeição, não há razão última para não o fazer.
A cultura grega teve uma influência indiscutível sobre o desenvolvimento da civilização ocidental, mas o cristianismo não só absorveu o que havia de bom na cultura grega, como também elevou e completou esses aspectos. O cristianismo, ao afirmar que todos os homens são feitos à imagem e semelhança de Deus e têm dignidade intrínseca, levou a uma noção de igualdade moral e liberdade que transcende as limitações da pólis grega.
II. Falsa dicotomia: fé e liberdade não são opostas
Com frequência equiparam a religião à coerção e à obediência cega. Mas isso é um equívoco: o cristianismo não se impõe pela força, mas apela à consciência. O próprio Deus, em sua relação com a criatura racional, respeita sua liberdade. Como ensina a Escritura:
"Se alguém quiser vir após mim..." (Mt 16,24);
"Eis que estou à porta e bato. Se alguém ouvir a minha voz e abrir a porta, entrarei em sua casa e cearei com ele." (Ap 3,20);
"Assim falai, e assim procedei, como devendo ser julgados pela lei da liberdade." (Tiago 2,12).A adesão à fé deve ser livre, voluntária e racional, pois sem liberdade não há verdadeiro mérito, nem amor genuíno. Isso é mais compatível com o princípio de não agressão do que qualquer utopia secular. Ora, o núcleo do evangelho é voluntarista: salvação pessoal, conversão interior, caridade.
Ninguém deve ser forçado, contra sua vontade, a abraçar a fé, pois o ato de fé é por sua natureza voluntário (Dignitatis Humanae; CDC, cân. 748,2)
Se algum Estado usa da força para impor o cristianismo, afirmar que o cristianismo causou as coerções é tão equivocado quanto dizer que a propriedade privada causa o comunismo; é uma inversão da realidade, pois o comunismo surge precisamente da violação da propriedade. Portanto, a fé forçada é inválida em si mesma, pois viola a natureza do ato de crer, que deve ser livre.
III. Fundamento moral: sem transcendência, o libertarianismo flutua no vácuo
O libertário anticristão busca defender princípios objetivos — como a inviolabilidade do indivíduo e a ilegitimidade da agressão — sem um fundamento transcendente que lhes dê validade universal. Por que a agressão é errada? Por que alguém tem direito à vida, à liberdade, à propriedade? Sem uma explicação transcendental, as respostas para tais perguntas se tornam apenas opiniões ou convenções, não obrigações morais vinculantes. Se a moralidade é puramente humana, então os direitos podem ser modificados ou ignorados conforme a vontade da sociedade. O conceito de direitos naturais, tão caro ao libertarianismo, precisa de um solo metafísico que justifique sua universalidade e imutabilidade. Caso contrário, eles podem ser tratados apenas como acordos utilitários temporários ou preferências culturais, sem qualquer obrigatoriedade para todos os seres humanos em todas as circunstâncias.
Pensadores libertários seculares, como Ayn Rand e Murray Rothbard, tentaram ancorar os direitos naturais na razão humana ou na natureza do homem. Rand baseia sua ética no egoísmo racional, enquanto Rothbard apela à lei natural. Embora essas abordagens busquem objetividade, elas carecem de uma resposta definitiva para por que a razão ou a natureza humana obrigam moralmente todos os indivíduos. Sem um fundamento transcendente, suas concepções permanecem vulneráveis a interpretações subjetivas ou a cálculos utilitários.
Aqui, o cristianismo oferece uma explicação sólida e transcendental que fundamenta os direitos naturais. A visão cristã de que o ser humano foi criado à imagem e semelhança de Deus confere à pessoa uma dignidade intrínseca, imutável e universal. Essa dignidade não depende de fatores externos, como consenso social ou poder político, mas é uma característica inerente ao ser humano pela sua criação divina. A partir dessa perspectiva teológica, torna-se possível afirmar com base sólida que os direitos naturais são dados por Deus e, portanto, são universais e vinculantes.
O cristianismo também é a base de um sistema moral que distingue claramente justiça de legalidade. O Estado pode criar leis, mas isso não significa que essas leis sejam justas. A justiça, sob a ótica cristã, é uma expressão da ordem moral objetiva, algo que transcende as leis humanas e é definido pela vontade divina. Por isso, o libertarianismo cristão vê a agressão como uma violação de uma ordem moral objetiva, e não apenas uma violação de uma convenção social ou de um acordo utilitário.
Se a moralidade e os direitos naturais não forem fundamentados em um Logos criador e legislador, o que acontece é que o conceito de direito natural degenera para algo mais frágil, como um simples acordo utilitário. Nesse cenário, os direitos do indivíduo se tornam algo acordado entre os membros de uma sociedade, em vez de princípios imutáveis e universais. Os direitos podem ser negociados, alterados ou ignorados conforme o interesse do momento.
IV. Fundamento científico: a racionalidade moderna é filha da fé cristã
A ciência moderna só foi possível no contexto cultural cristão. Nenhuma outra civilização — nem a grega, nem a islâmica, nem a chinesa — produziu o método científico como o Ocidente cristão o fez.
Isso se deve a quatro premissas teológicas:
-
Criação racional: O mundo é ordenado por um Deus racional.
-
Distinção entre Criador e criatura: A natureza não é divina e pode ser estudada sem sacrilégio.
-
Valor do trabalho e da observação empírica, herdado do monaquismo.
-
Autonomia institucional, presente nas universidades medievais.
A doutrina cristã da Criação ex nihilo ensina que o mundo foi criado por um Deus racional, sábio e pessoal. Portanto, o cosmos é ordenado, possui leis, e pode ser compreendido pela razão humana — que é imagem do Criador. Isso contrasta fortemente com as cosmovisões panteístas ou mitológicas, onde o mundo é cíclico, arbitrário ou habitado por forças caprichosas.
Sem essa fé no Logos criador, não há razão para crer que a natureza tenha uma ordem inteligível universal e constante, que pode ser descoberta por observação e dedução. A ciência moderna só é possível porque, antes de investigar a natureza, pressupôs-se que ela era investigável — e isso foi uma herança direta do pensamento cristão.
Homens como Bacon, Newton, Kepler e Galileu viam na ciência um modo de glorificar o Criador. O ateísmo cientificista é, portanto, parasitário da teologia cristã, pois toma seus frutos e rejeita suas raízes. A ciência moderna nasceu como filha legítima da fé cristã. E os que hoje a usam contra sua mãe, ou são ingratos, ou ignorantes.
V. O cristianismo como barreira à revolução cultural
O cristianismo é a barreira mais sólida contra a infiltração revolucionária. A chamada "marcha gramsciana", que visa corroer os fundamentos morais da sociedade para subjugar o indivíduo ao coletivo, encontra sua resistência mais firme nos princípios cristãos. A fé cristã, ao proclamar a existência de uma verdade objetiva, de uma lei moral imutável e de uma dignidade humana que transcende o Estado e o consenso social, imuniza a civilização contra o relativismo e o igualitarismo nivelador do marxismo cultural.
Além disso, o cristianismo é uma tradição milenar, profundamente enraizada no cotidiano das pessoas, não sendo uma novidade a ser imposta ou implementada, mas uma força presente há séculos, que permeia a estrutura social, moral e cultural da sociedade. Sua presença constante nas comunidades, desde os tempos mais antigos, oferece uma resistência robusta contra qualquer tentativa de subverter a ordem natural e moral estabelecida.
Não por acaso, tanto Karl Marx quanto Antonio Gramsci identificaram no cristianismo o principal obstáculo à realização de seus projetos revolucionários. Marx chamou a religião de "ópio do povo" porque sabia que uma alma ancorada em Deus não se submete facilmente ao poder terreno; Gramsci, mais sutil, propôs a destruição da cultura cristã como pré-condição para o triunfo do socialismo. Sem essa âncora transcendente, a sociedade torna-se presa fácil das engenharias sociais que pretendem redefinir arbitrariamente o homem, a família e a liberdade.
Conclusão
O libertário anticristão, consciente ou não, nega as fundações mesmas do edifício que habita. Ao rejeitar o cristianismo, cava o abismo sob os próprios pés, privando o ideal libertário de sua base moral, cultural e racional. Ele defende a ética voluntária, a liberdade individual e a ordem espontânea, mas sem o solo metafísico e histórico que torna esses princípios inteligíveis e possíveis. É um erro tentar preservar a liberdade em termos absolutos sem reconhecer as raízes cristãs que a sustentam, pois o cristianismo é a única tradição que a legitima e a viabiliza.
Negar o cristianismo é racionalmente insustentável. A liberdade, como a conhecemos, é filha da fé cristã, que oferece a base moral e metafísica que torna a liberdade tanto desejável quanto possível. Mesmo que ateu, o libertário que ama a liberdade deveria, no mínimo, respeitar — e, idealmente, redescobrir — essas raízes cristãs. Pois sem fé, restam apenas o niilismo e o relativismo, que, eventualmente, desaguam na servidão.
Como nos ensina a tradição: Ubi fides ibi libertas — onde há fé, há liberdade.
-
-
@ c3e23eb5:03d7caa9
2025-05-12 13:00:36
The issue I have with the term "mesh networks" is that it is associated with a flat network topology. While I love the idea of avoiding hierarchy, this simply doesn't scale. Data Plane: How the Internet Scales
The internet on the scales because it has a tree like structure. As you can see in the diagram below, global (tier 1) ISPs branch out to national (tier 2) ISPs who in turn branch out to local (tier 3) ISPs.
``` ,-[ Tier 1 ISP (Global) ]─-───────[ Tier 1 ISP (Global) ] / |
/ ▼
[IXP (Global)]═══╦═══[IXP (Global)]
║
Tier 2 ISP (National)◄──────────╗
/ \ ║
▼ ▼ ║
[IXP (Regional)]════╬══[IXP (Regional)] ║
/ \ ║
▼ ▼ ║
Tier 3 ISP (Local) Tier 3 ISP (Local) ║
| | ║
▼ ▼ ▼
[User] [User] [Enterprise]▲ IXPs are physical switch fabrics - members peer directly ▲ Tier 1/2 ISPs provide transit through IXPs but don't control them ```
This structure also reflects in IP addresses, where regional traffic gets routed by regional tiers and global traffic keeps getting passed up through gateways till it reaches the root of the tree. The global ISP then routes the traffic into the correct branch so that it can trickle down to the destination IP at the bottom.
12.0.0.0/8 - Tier 1 manages routing (IANA-allocated) └─12.34.0.0/16 - Tier 2 allocated block (through RIR) └─12.34.56.0/24 - Tier 3 subnet via upstream provider ├─12.34.56.1 Public IP (CGNAT pool) └─192.168.1.1 Private IP (local NAT reuse)Balancing idealism with pragmatism
This approach to scaling is much less idealistic than a flat hierarchy, because it relies on an authority (IANA) to assign the IP ranges to ISPs through Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Even if this authority wasn't required, the fact that many users rely on few Tier 1 ISPs means that the system is inherently susceptible to sabotage (see 2019 BGP leak incident).
Control Plane: the internet is still described as decentralised
The internet is still described as decentralised because there is a flat hierarchy between
tier 1ISPs at the root of the tree. ``` INTERNET CORE (Tier 1 ISPs)AT&T (AS7018) <══════════> Deutsche Telekom (AS3320) ║ ╔════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚══>║ NTT (AS2914) ║<══╝ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════> Lumen (AS3356) ║ ║ ╚════╩════════════> Telia (AS1299)
```
The border gateway protocol (BGP) is used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems (ISPs). Each autonomous system is a branch of the "internet tree" and each autonomous system advertises routes to downstream autonomous systems (branches). However, the autonomous systems at the root of the tree also maintain a record of their piers, so that they can forward traffic to the correct peer. Hence, the following is a more complete diagram of the internet: ```
INTERNET CORE (TIER 1 MESH) ╔══════════════╦═════════════╦════════╦═════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ AT&T (AS7018) <══╬══> Lumen (AS3356) <══╬══> NTT (AS2914) ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚══> Telia (AS1299) <══╝ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════╝ ║ ║ ╚═> Deutsche Telekom (AS3320) <═╝ ║ TREE HIERARCHY BELOW - MESH ABOVE ║ ▼ [ Tier 1 ISP ]───────────────────┐ / | | / ▼ ▼ [IXP]═══╦═══[IXP] [IXP] ║ ║ ▼ ▼ Tier 2 ISP◄──────────╗ Tier 2 ISP◄───────╗ / \ ║ / \ ║ ▼ ▼ ║ ▼ ▼ ║ [IXP]═╦[IXP] ║ [IXP]═╦[IXP] ║ / \ ║ / \ ║ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ Tier 3 ISP User Tier 3 ISP Enterprise```
So its a mesh network - whats wrong with that?
In the example above, NTT can only send traffic to Deutsche Telekom via Lumen or AT&T. NTT relies on its peers to maintain a correct record of the IP range that they are responsible for, so that traffic that was intended for Deutsche Telekom doesn't end up in the wrong network. An intentional or even accidental error in an autonomous system's routing tables can be detrimental to the flow of traffic through the network.
Hence, mesh networks require: * Reliability: peers rely on each-other not to fail (e.g., 2019 AWS US-East-1 availability) * Trust: peers must be honest about address ranges (e.g., 2018 BGP hijacking incident) * Central planning: BGP traffic engineering determines which route a packet takes
Application Layer Innovations
Now that we have a rough overview of how the internet is broken, lets think about what can still be done. The flat hierarchy that we associate with mesh networks sounds beautiful, but it doesn't scale. However, the tree-like structure assumes that most participants in the network rely on an authority to give them an address or a range of addresses so that they can communicate.
Overlay networks
Fortunately all it takes to interact with someone on nostr is their public key. The recipients client will render your signed and/or encrypted event no matter how it reaches them. Whether your note reaches them over the internet, over some other network or via a carrier pigeon doesn't matter. nostr:npub1hw6amg8p24ne08c9gdq8hhpqx0t0pwanpae9z25crn7m9uy7yarse465gr is working on a NIP for that and I'm sure he will share an explanation of how it works.
Bitcoin Instead of a Routing Algorithm
Now that we have digital bearer assets (e-cash), users can pay their internet gateway (TollGate) for access to the internet even though they are still offline. Once the TollGate has redeemed the e-cash, it gives the user access to the internet.
Frictionless Switching between ISPs (TollGates)
Legacy internet service providers use KYC money (fiat) to transfer the cost of the infrastructure to their users. However, this means that they are able to identify which packet belongs to which user. The KYC nature of their interaction with the users also makes it difficult for users to switch ISPs when service providers undercut each-other. Internet users who are on e-cash rails can hop between ISPs frictionlessly since they buy small amounts of data frequently in a granular manner.
Users that have access to independent competing TollGates can switch between them freely, so its impossible for any one TollGate to prevent a user from connecting to the internet. The only thing a TollGate can do is attract traffic by providing cheaper and/or faster internet access.
Anyone can arbitrage connectivity
Now that users have non KYC internet, there is nothing stopping them from reselling access to their internet connection. Anyone who has a WiFi router and access to a cheap internet connection can act as a range extender by re-selling access to that gateway for people who aren't able to connect directly.
Now the route that the traffic takes through the network is determined dynamically by the markets. The individual TollGate operators select their gateways and set their prices when they create a business model. The customers select the route that best meets their needs by selecting a gateway for their next purchase.
-
@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b
2025-05-12 12:23:54
警惕：那些“帮你”保管密钥的人
—— 多签钱包中的隐形风险与逻辑陷阱
“我们可以帮您设置一个更安全的钱包。” 这句话，听上去就像是关心，其实却可能是一次有预谋的接管。
摘要
多签钱包被广泛视为提升数字资产安全性的“进阶方案”，尤其适用于不希望将所有信任寄托于单一点故障（如一把私钥）的人群。然而，在这些看似“民主化”、“抗单点失败”的技术结构背后，仍潜藏着极为隐秘且被低估的风险。
本文聚焦两类常见却高度隐蔽的逻辑攻击模型：
- 替换 xpub 并接管下一层级地址生成；
- 伪造
k-of-n多签结构，在形式上给予用户参与感，实则实现单人提款。
在未引入 Taproot 的传统多签结构下，这类攻击已能轻易完成。而即便在 Taproot 和 MuSig2 合约模型下，攻击者也可以借助合成结构进一步隐藏其篡改行为。
本报告不仅梳理攻击逻辑，更强调“人性中的信任误区”——攻击者不需要主动索取密钥，只需要维持友善形象，自会有用户主动递交钥匙。更令人警惕的是，在某些极端场景下，这类“被信任的服务商”甚至可能向受害者收取“保管密钥”的费用后再实施盗窃，形成双重获利。
Taproot 虽然在结构上增强了隐私与复杂性，但也使验证逻辑失去了可直观还原的优势。随着时间推移、服务厂商退出市场乃至私有恢复流程被锁死，用户极可能落入无法恢复的“密钥黑箱”中。
阅读本文，希望你能意识到：
真正的安全，从不是托付给别人帮你“多签”，而是你真正理解你签了什么、和谁签的、签名之后将通往哪一个脚本。
多签钱包的逻辑攻击向量分析
以 xpub 替换与伪造 k-of-n 结构为例
攻击模型一：替换 xpub 实现地址劫持
场景设定
攻击者假扮为友好的钱包初始化服务者，主动提出“免费帮你生成一个更安全的多签钱包”。表面上，他为你设置了标准的 HD 多签结构，实际上却在关键的派生路径中，悄悄将本应由你或另一个可信方持有的 xpub 替换为他自己的。
在 HD 钱包结构（例如 BIP45、BIP67）中，用户通常无法直观验证每一个新地址是否仍属于原来的签名组。这种设计让“看上去很安全”的地址，可能早已成为攻击者可完全支配的提款口袋。
攻击结构（逻辑表示）
- 假设多签参与者为
P1, P2, P3 - 攻击者控制伪造者身份
P1'，实际替代掉用户的P1 - 地址生成函数为：
Addr = f(xpub(P1'), xpub(P2), xpub(P3))- 用户未验证 xpub 时，成立：
∃ Addr_i ∈ wallet, spendable_by(attacker)换言之，钱包中的某些地址虽然看起来正常，但已可被攻击者花费。
人性陷阱提示
用户往往不认为“地址生成这件事”是需要人工检查的，特别是在使用 Ledger、Trezor 等硬件钱包时形成了“签名即安全”的错觉。而攻击者只需一次替换，就能悄悄监视整个钱包生命周期。
更重要的是，攻击者不需要向你“索取密钥”，他只需维持友善、专业甚至略带“为你好”的姿态。在 100 个用户中，总会有一部分人，在受到“信任感”与“他人看起来更专业”的影响下，主动提出将某个密钥托管给对方，甚至支付一定“密钥保管费”作为安全保障。这类行为并非愚蠢，而是人性的一部分。
这种松懈与依赖，背后深植着心理学上著名的「责任分散效应（diffusion of responsibility）」。当责任从“自己一人持有私钥”转变为“我们多人共同掌控”时，大脑会自动削弱“必须百分百保护密钥”的紧迫感；一旦密钥有三份或五份，人就会默认“即使我丢了一份也无所谓”，由此降低警惕，弱化加密习惯的执行力度。
尤其是在多签结构下，密钥不再是“唯一真理”。你开始认为：“我只是 n-of-m 的一员”，进而产生 安全责任稀释（safety dilution）。举个例子：如果你的 seed words 是唯一的，你很可能将其写在一张专用纸上，藏入防火袋，存放于密封保险箱中；但一旦你拥有的是 3-of-5 多签中的一份，你可能就只是把它存在 Evernote、存图于手机相册，或者发给自己 Telegram 备份——并自我安慰说：“这只是其中一把钥匙，又不怕。”
这正是攻击者渗透的最佳入口。他无需破解密码学算法，仅凭理解人性中的懒惰、依赖与责任下沉机制，就足以发起极具杀伤力的社会工程攻击。
提醒：没有人例外。你的安全不是由数学公式决定，而是由你是否对它持续保持敬畏与冷静判断所决定的。
Taproot 下的隐蔽性升级
在 Taproot + MuSig2 合约结构中：
- 合成公钥如：
P = H(P1 + P2 + P3) - 用户无法从地址推导出其组成
- 所有 pubkey 被掩盖，无任何可读性结构泄露
结果：攻击者替换某个 xpub 之后，哪怕是资深用户，也无法通过比对地址结构来发现任何异常。
攻击模型二：伪造 k-of-n 多签脚本结构
场景设定
攻击者承诺为你部署一个“非常安全”的
2-of-3多签钱包。然而他实际创建的却是一个1-of-3结构，并诱导你保留或交出其中一个密钥。用户一旦信任其脚本不可见性（或 UI 模糊性），资金注入该地址之后，攻击者即可单独提款。
攻击结构（逻辑描述）
- 正确脚本应为：
OP_2 <pk1> <pk2> <pk3> OP_3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG- 实际被构造为：
OP_1 <pk1> <pk2> <pk3> OP_3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG- 用户错误地相信：
user_believes(k=2) ∧ attacker_has(sk1) → safe- 但实际上：
real_k = 1 ∧ attacker_has(sk1) → attacker_can_spend成立条件
- 用户未能验证 redeem script
- 钱包界面（UI 或 PSBT）未明确标识 k 值与脚本结构
- 攻击者拥有脚本定义权，或 UI 权限
人性陷阱提示
这类攻击往往并非“高技术”，而是利用用户对脚本结构的无感。尤其是当攻击者扮演“技术专家”时，用户往往不具备审查 redeem script 的能力或意识。攻击者甚至可以用“给你设置一个冷备密钥”作为幌子，骗取部分 key，并收取额外费用。
多签攻击模型对比分析（无表格）
- 攻击类型一：xpub 替换
- 本质：公钥注入
- 隐蔽性：极高（生成地址完全正常）
- 关键条件：用户未验证每个 xpub
-
Taproot 是否能规避：否，反而更难发现
-
攻击类型二：伪造 k-of-n
- 本质：脚本结构欺骗
- 隐蔽性：中等（需查看 redeem script 才能识别）
- 关键条件：用户不懂脚本，UI 不展示结构
- Taproot 是否能规避：否，合约结构反而隐藏了更多细节
安全建议（基于当前攻击模型）
- 强制在 UI 中完整展示所有 xpub、合成地址派生路径与对应签名人列表
- 如 Coldcard 的二维码验证机制
- 用户必须自行保存每个 xpub，并可验证任一地址确实源自该集合派生
- 多签钱包必须提供可见 redeem script 的界面与 k 值校验提示
- 不接受“帮你配置好了”的 UI 黑箱
- Taproot 虽增强隐私，但也加剧验证障碍
- 若使用合签结构，应避免依赖第三方界面进行签名决策
- 始终优先使用硬件钱包本地签名流程，避免通过 Web 或中间服务生成交易
真实案例分析
1. Coldcard 硬件钱包的 xpub 替换漏洞
2021 年，安全研究员 benma 发现 Coldcard 硬件钱包在注册多签钱包时，未验证自身是否为多签钱包的一部分。这使得恶意计算机钱包可以用攻击者控制的 xpub 替换多签 xpub，同时仍通过所有用户验证。所有接收到此多签钱包的币随后可以随时转移到攻击者的钱包。
来源：benma.github.io2. Bybit 交易所的多签钱包被黑事件
2025 年 2 月，Bybit 交易所的多签冷钱包在一次例行转账中被黑，损失约 14.6 亿美元。该钱包使用 2-of-3 多签设置，意味着需要三位授权签名人中的两位批准交易。用户界面显示了合法的目标地址，并且 URL 与受信任的多签提供商 Safe 相关联。但这是一种欺骗。黑客利用硬件钱包中的“盲签名”漏洞，使设备只能显示交易的哈希，从而掩盖了一个更改，使攻击者控制了钱包的智能合约。
来源：certora.com3. Parity 多签钱包漏洞
2017 年，Parity 多签钱包版本 1.5+ 中发现了一个漏洞，允许攻击者窃取超过 150,000 ETH（约 3000 万美元）。攻击者向受影响的合约发送两个交易：第一个获取多签的独占所有权，第二个移动其所有资金。
来源：blog.openzeppelin.com
攻击流程图解
- 建立信任：攻击者以技术专家或受信任的服务提供商身份接近受害者，提出帮助设置多签钱包。
- 替换 xpub：在设置过程中，攻击者用自己控制的 xpub 替换原本应由用户或第三方控制的 xpub。
- 生成地址：攻击者生成看似正常的多签地址，并展示给用户，用户未进行验证。
- 资金注入：用户将资金转入这些地址，认为资金安全。
- 资金转移：攻击者利用控制的私钥，单方面将资金转出，用户无法察觉。
参考文献
附录：攻击面分析——为何 xpub 替换是多签特有的风险？
单签钱包是否存在 xpub 替换攻击？
答案：否。
在单签钱包结构中（如 BIP32/BIP39 衍生的标准钱包）：
- 钱包只依赖一个 xpub，并且这个 xpub 是从用户私钥派生而来；
- Coldcard、Trezor 等硬件钱包会自动根据本地 seed 派生地址，无需输入外部 xpub；
- 用户可以通过设备显示屏确认“这是我派生出来的地址”，不存在外部注入路径。
因此：xpub 替换在单签钱包中不存在攻击面，攻击路径被封死。
多签钱包为什么引入了 xpub 攻击面？
多签钱包（如 2-of-3、3-of-5）需要以下信息来生成地址：
- 所有参与者的 xpub；
- 公钥排序规则（如 BIP67）；
- 多签脚本模板（如 OP_2
OP_3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG）； - 每个 key 的派生路径（如 m/48'/0'/0'/2'/0/1）；
这就意味着，用户必须信任这些输入的 xpub 是来自真正的签名方。如果攻击者悄悄将其中某一份换成自己控制的 xpub，那他就自动成为地址共管人，甚至是单签人。
Coldcard 攻击案例回顾：
- 用户通过 PSBT 模板或 JSON 导入多签配置；
- 攻击者在其中替换了某一参与者的 xpub；
- Coldcard 在旧版本中未提示或验证该替换；
- 用户生成地址、发送资金，攻击者即可随时提取。
攻击面比较表
- 单签钱包
- 不接收外部 xpub，派生路径完全由设备掌控；
- 地址来源明确、签名单一；
-
xpub 替换攻击无效。
-
多签钱包
- 依赖多个外部 xpub 合成结构；
- 用户很难手动验证每一条 xpub 与 fingerprint；
- xpub 替换为高危攻击点。
Taproot 是否规避了 xpub 替换问题？
部分规避，但引入了新的验证难题。
Taproot + MuSig2 等结构通过将多个 pubkey 合成为一个点：
P = H(P1 + P2 + P3)
这确实可以隐藏合约结构，提升隐私，但也导致：
- 用户无法从地址还原参与者是谁；
- 如果其中一个公钥被攻击者替换，生成的地址仍然合法；
- 用户在链上看不到任何异常，但攻击者已取得合约控制权。
因此：Taproot 并未从根本上消除 xpub 替换的攻击面，反而因为其不可还原性使得攻击更加隐蔽。
总结
多签钱包之所以引入新的攻击面，不是因为它“更复杂”，而是因为它必须信任外部结构。一旦你的钱包要“与他人协作生成地址”，你就必须验证“这些人是谁”、“这些地址是怎么来的”——这就是攻击的入口。
单签保护的是私钥，
多签则要求你保护你的伙伴。 -
@ a9434ee1:d5c885be
2025-05-12 08:09:26
Colors as a fun and useful identifier
Nostr apps often use totally random colors for their default avatars, profiles names in chat bubbles, etc... That's a missed opportunity. Why don't we just we just derive a color from the npub and use that instead, interoperably across apps?
It gives us a fun and visual extra point of recognition, often without having to add anything extra to the UIs.
The only problem is that we cannot just allow for any color. The colors should be readable as text in Light and Dark modes and gray-scales should be avoided too.
This is the goal:
Luckily, there's a super simple solution.
(which was used to derive the colors above)Deriving the Colors
You can find the simple spec here: nostr: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
TLDR: 1. Convert HEX pubkey to Int 2. Calculate the Hue value: Int % 360 3. Set Saturation to 90 for Hues between 216 and 273, use 80 for the rest 4. Set Brightness to 65 for Hues between 32 and 212, use 85 for the rest
Convert HSB color to whatever format you need. Done.
Easy & Fun to integrate!
-
@ d360efec:14907b5f
2025-05-12 04:01:23
-
@ d360efec:14907b5f
2025-05-12 01:34:24
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วันนี้ 12 พฤษภาคม 2568 เวลา 08.15น. ราคา BTCUSDT.P อยู่ที่ 104,642.8 USDT ค่ะ โดยมี Previous Weekly High (PWH) อยู่ที่ 104,967.8 Previous Weekly Low (PWL) ที่ 93,338 ค่ะ
✨ ภาพรวมตลาดวันนี้ ✨
จากการวิเคราะห์ด้วยเครื่องมือคู่ใจของเรา ทั้ง SMC/ICT (Demand/Supply Zone, Order Block, Liquidity), EMA 50/200, Trend Strength, Money Flow, Chart/Price Pattern, Premium/Discount Zone, Trend line, Fibonacci, Elliott Wave และ Dow Theory ใน Timeframe ตั้งแต่ 15m ไปจนถึง Week! 📊 เราพบว่าภาพใหญ่ของ BTCUSDT.P ยังคงอยู่ในแนวโน้มขาขึ้นที่แข็งแกร่งมากๆ ค่ะ 👍 โดยเฉพาะใน Timeframe Day และ Week ที่สัญญาณทุกอย่างสนับสนุนทิศทางขาขึ้นอย่างชัดเจน Money Flow ยังไหลเข้าอย่างต่อเนื่อง และเราเห็นโครงสร้างตลาดแบบ Dow Theory ที่ยก High ยก Low ขึ้นไปเรื่อยๆ ค่ะ
อย่างไรก็ตาม... ใน Timeframe สั้นๆ อย่าง 15m และ 1H เริ่มเห็นสัญญาณของการชะลอตัวและการพักฐานบ้างแล้วค่ะ 📉 อาจมีการสร้าง Buyside และ Sellside Liquidity รอให้ราคาไปกวาดก่อนที่จะเลือกทางใดทางหนึ่ง ซึ่งเป็นเรื่องปกติของการเดินทางของ Smart Money ค่ะ
⚡ เปรียบเทียบแนวโน้มแต่ละ Timeframe ⚡
🪙 แนวโน้มตรงกัน Timeframe 4H, Day, Week ส่วนใหญ่ชี้ไปทาง "ขาขึ้น" ค่ะ ทุกเครื่องมือสนับสนุนแนวโน้มนี้อย่างแข็งแกร่ง 💪 เป้าหมายต่อไปคือการไปทดสอบ PWH และ High เดิม เพื่อสร้าง All-Time High ใหม่ค่ะ! 🪙 แนวโน้มต่างกัน Timeframe 15m, 1H ยังค่อนข้าง "Sideways" หรือ "Sideways Down เล็กน้อย" ค่ะ มีการบีบตัวของราคาและอาจมีการพักฐานสั้นๆ ซึ่งเป็นโอกาสในการหาจังหวะเข้า Long ที่ราคาดีขึ้นค่ะ
💡 วิธีคิดแบบ Market Slayer 💡
เมื่อแนวโน้มใหญ่เป็นขาขึ้นที่แข็งแกร่ง เราจะเน้นหาจังหวะเข้า Long เป็นหลักค่ะ การย่อตัวลงมาในระยะสั้นคือโอกาสของเราในการเก็บของ! 🛍️ เราจะใช้หลักการ SMC/ICT หาโซน Demand หรือ Order Block ที่ Smart Money อาจจะเข้ามาดันราคาขึ้น และรอสัญญาณ Price Action ยืนยันการกลับตัวค่ะ
สรุปแนวโน้มวันนี้:
🪙 ระยะสั้น: Sideways to Sideways Down (โอกาส 55%) ↔️↘️ 🪙 ระยะกลาง: ขาขึ้น (โอกาส 70%) ↗️ 🪙 ระยะยาว: ขาขึ้น (โอกาส 85%) 🚀 🪙 วันนี้: มีโอกาสย่อตัวเล็กน้อยก่อนจะมีแรงซื้อกลับเข้ามาเพื่อไปทดสอบ PWH (โอกาส Sideways Down เล็กน้อย สลับกับ Sideways Up: 60%) 🎢
🗓️ Daily Trade Setup ประจำวันนี้ 🗓️
นี่คือตัวอย่าง Setup ที่ Lina เตรียมไว้ให้พิจารณาค่ะ (เน้นย้ำว่าเป็นเพียงแนวทาง ไม่ใช่คำแนะนำลงทุนนะคะ)
1️⃣ ตัวอย่างที่ 1: รอรับที่โซน Demand (ปลอดภัย, รอยืนยัน)
🪙 Enter: รอราคาย่อตัวลงมาในโซน Demand Zone หรือ Bullish Order Block ที่น่าสนใจใน TF 1H/4H (ดูจากกราฟประกอบนะคะ) และเกิดสัญญาณ Bullish Price Action ที่ชัดเจน เช่น แท่งเทียนกลืนกิน (Engulfing) หรือ Hammer 🪙 TP: บริเวณ PWH 104,967.8 หรือ Buyside Liquidity ถัดไป 🎯 🪙 SL: ใต้ Low ที่เกิดก่อนสัญญาณกลับตัวเล็กน้อย หรือใต้ Demand Zone ที่เข้า 🛡️ 🪙 RRR: ประมาณ 1:2.5 ขึ้นไป ✨ 🪙 อธิบาย: Setup นี้เราจะใจเย็นๆ รอให้ราคาลงมาในโซนที่มีโอกาสเจอแรงซื้อเยอะๆ ตามหลัก SMC/ICT แล้วค่อยเข้า เพื่อให้ได้ราคาที่ดีและความเสี่ยงต่ำค่ะ ต้องรอสัญญาณ Price Action ยืนยันก่อนนะคะ ✍️
2️⃣ ตัวอย่างที่ 2: Follow Breakout (สายบู๊, รับความเสี่ยงได้)
🪙 Enter: เข้า Long ทันทีเมื่อราคาสามารถ Breakout เหนือ High ล่าสุดใน TF 15m หรือ 1H พร้อม Volume ที่เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ 🔥 🪙 TP: บริเวณ PWH 104,967.8 หรือ Buyside Liquidity ถัดไป 🚀 🪙 SL: ใต้ High ก่อนหน้าที่ถูก Breakout เล็กน้อย 🚧 🪙 RRR: ประมาณ 1:3 ขึ้นไป ✨ 🪙 อธิบาย: Setup นี้เหมาะกับคนที่อยากเข้าไวเมื่อเห็นโมเมนตัมแรงๆ ค่ะ เราจะเข้าเมื่อราคา Breakout แนวต้านระยะสั้นพร้อม Volume เป็นสัญญาณว่าแรงซื้อกำลังมาค่ะ เข้าได้เลยด้วยการตั้ง Limit Order หรือ Market Order เมื่อเห็นการ Breakout ที่ชัดเจนค่ะ 💨
3️⃣ ตัวอย่างที่ 3: พิจารณา Short สั้นๆ ในโซน Premium (สวนเทรนด์หลัก, ความเสี่ยงสูง)
🪙 Enter: หากราคาขึ้นไปในโซน Premium ใน TF 15m หรือ 1H และเกิดสัญญาณ Bearish Price Action ที่ชัดเจน เช่น แท่งเทียน Shooting Star หรือ Bearish Engulfing บริเวณ Supply Zone หรือ Bearish Order Block 🐻 🪙 TP: พิจารณาแนวรับถัดไป หรือ Sellside Liquidity ใน TF เดียวกัน 🎯 🪙 SL: เหนือ High ของสัญญาณ Bearish Price Action เล็กน้อย 💀 🪙 RRR: ประมาณ 1:1.5 ขึ้นไป (เน้นย้ำว่าเป็นการเทรดสวนเทรนด์หลัก ควรใช้ RRR ต่ำและบริหารขนาด Lot อย่างเข้มงวด!) 🪙 อธิบาย: Setup นี้สำหรับคนที่เห็นโอกาสในการทำกำไรจากการย่อตัวระยะสั้นค่ะ เราจะเข้า Short เมื่อเห็นสัญญาณว่าราคาอาจจะมีการพักฐานในโซนที่ถือว่า "แพง" ในกรอบสั้นๆ ค่ะ ต้องตั้ง Stop Loss ใกล้มากๆ และจับตาดูใกล้ชิดนะคะ 🚨
⚠️ Disclaimer: การวิเคราะห์นี้เป็นเพียงความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของ Lina เท่านั้น ไม่ถือเป็นคำแนะนำในการลงทุนนะคะ การลงทุนมีความเสี่ยง ผู้ลงทุนควรศึกษาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมและตัดสินใจด้วยความรอบคอบค่ะ 🙏
ขอให้ทุกท่านโชคดีกับการเทรดในวันนี้ค่ะ! มีคำถามอะไรเพิ่มเติม ถามมาได้เลยนะคะ ยินดีเสมอค่ะ! 😊
Bitcoin #BTCUSDT #Crypto #Trading #TechnicalAnalysis #SMC #ICT #MarketSlayer #TradeSetup #คริปโต #เทรดคริปโต #วิเคราะห์กราฟ #LinaEngword 😉
