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@ 2b998b04:86727e47
2025-05-19 01:46:39๐งฑ Why I Left Web3 for Proof of Work โ Part 2: The Breaking Point\ \ It wasnโt a moment. It was a slow-motion unraveling.\ \ By 2024, I was deeply involved in a Web3 project focused on rewarding eco-conscious actions using a token system called โProof of Environment.โ I helped run a related Facebook group aimed at building community and encouraging engagement โ especially among refugees and people living on the margins.\ \ I believed in it. I have a lot of respect for the projectโs founder. His heart is in the right place.\ \ But reality set in: the token wasnโt trading.\ People were earning rewards that had no liquidity.\ \ So I tried to bridge the gap. I personally subsidized the effort โ offering USD to keep people engaged and compensated.\ \ Eventually, I had to stop.\ \ Not because I lost faith in the missionโฆ but because I realized I was compensating for a structural flaw. I was using fiat to prop up what was supposed to be an alternative to fiat.\ \ That realization cracked something open. And it wasnโt just about that project.\ \ By early 2025, I started re-examining the other Web3 spaces I was part of โ including a local crypto-faith collective and a civic blockchain group Iโd been attending.\ \ Before I say more - I want to be clear:\ \ - I respect the people involved in these communities.\ - I believe their intentions are sincere, and their efforts often come from a genuine desire to help.\ - The speakers were engaging and thought-provoking.\ - This isnโt a judgment of hearts โ itโs a reflection on structure, incentives, and what actually works.\ \ One local Web3 community I attended regularly was especially revealing. It was connected to a publishing platform that promised a new way to engage content and community. But in practice, the tech was clunky, and the product was difficult to use โ even basic edits to content required small fees in a token that few people understood. One of the DAOs I participated in burned through tens of thousands โ mostly on architecture plans and design proposals.\ \ Weekly meetings had free lunches and spiritual talksโฆ but the people experiencing homelessness, who we supposedly served? Often absent โ or tokenized for optics.\ \ At one point, I proposed a practical idea to support a local housing initiative. The vision was for residents to grow some of their own food โ creating both sustainability and job training opportunities.\ \ The response?\ \ โLetโs do this later.โ\ \ It was polite. But it meant no.\ \ Over time, I felt less like a contributor and more like a prop โ quietly tolerated, not truly included.\ \ Meanwhile, others held titles, got paid (quietly, maybe โ but it was hard to tell how), and kept the stage.\ \ There was always funding for visibility. Rarely funding for outcomes.\ \ The problems people actually faced โ hunger, housing, dignity โ donโt care about abstractions.\ \ And neither does Bitcoin.\ \ I didnโt leave all at once. I still showed up in March, April, and May โ out of habit, curiosity, and maybe hope.\ \ The speakers were thoughtful. In March, someone taught on mindfulness and the โfive dimensions of time.โ It was peaceful. But to me, it felt like another New Age sidetrack โ far from the urgent needs on the ground.\ \ In April, one speaker โ a former military interrogator turned AI educator โ spoke on an AI โOSโ for schools. Another shared how they helped build local currencies in Kenyan villages.\ \ In May, someone presented a trauma-informed housing model for youth with mental illness โ one of the few ideas that felt truly grounded.\ \ These were all great ideas โ thoughtful, human, often moving.\ \ My only thought was: they might have been better served by starting with Bitcoin โ not as an add-on, but as a foundation. Especially the last two.\ \ And again โ I believe many of the people involved were sincerely trying to make a difference.\ \ But something had shifted in me.\ \ I couldnโt stop asking: Who actually benefits from this tech?\ \ Does it work โ or is it just another talk wrapped in hope?\ \ Why does impact often need a token?\ \ Not all the speakers revolved around Web3 or tokens โ but many did.\ \ And quietly, a deeper question emerged: Couldnโt we just do all of thisโฆ with Bitcoin?\ \ Without a new platform. Without a fragile token.\ \ Just real tools. Real money. Real proof of work.\ \ The breaking point wasnโt dramatic. It was subtle, quiet โ but final.\ \ โ๏ธ A Personal Note\ \ Even after all this, I still attend some of these events. I still show up โ not because Iโve โcome back,โ but because I care.\ \ Because I respect the people.\ \ Because I believe conviction doesnโt require separation โ it just requires clarity. Iโm not circling back.\ \ Iโm walking forward โ with eyes open.\ \ And sometimes that means sitting in the same room with people I no longer fully agree withโฆ and still learning something.\ \ My break wasnโt from the people.\ \ It was from the hype.\ \ From the structure, not the souls.\ \ And I still believe we can build better โ if we start with truth.\ \ โก If this resonates, zap me some sats โ or just share it forward.\ ๐ค Drafted with the help of ChatGPT, whoโs helped me find clarity across tech, theology, and everything in between.
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@ a5ee4475:2ca75401
2025-05-19 01:11:59
clients #link #list #english #article #finalversion #descentralismo
*These clients are generally applications on the Nostr network that allow you to use the same account, regardless of the app used, keeping your messages and profile intact.
**However, you may need to meet certain requirements regarding access and account NIP for some clients, so that you can access them securely and use their features correctly.
CLIENTS
Twitter like
- Nostrmo - [source] ๐๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐)๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Coracle - Super App [source] ๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Amethyst - Super App with note edit, delete and other stuff with Tor [source] ๐ค(on zapstore)
- Primal - Social and wallet [source] ๐๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Iris - [source] ๐๐ค๐
- Current - [source] ๐ค๐
- FreeFrom ๐ค๐
- Openvibe - Nostr and others (new Plebstr) [source] ๐ค๐
- Snort ๐(๐ค[early access]) [onion] [source]
- Damus ๐ [source]
- Nos ๐ [source]
- Nostur ๐ [source]
- NostrBand ๐ [info] [source]
- Yana [source] ๐๐ป(๐ง) ๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Nostribe [on development] ๐ [source]
- Lume ๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐) [info] [source]
- Gossip - [source] ๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐)
- noStrudel - Gamified Experience [onion] [info/source] ๐
- [Nostrudel Next] - [onion]
- moStard - Nostrudel with Monero [onion] [info/source] ๐
- Camelus - [source] ๐ค [early access]
Community
- CCNS - Community Curated Nostr Stuff [source]
- Nostr Kiwi [creator] ๐
- Satellite [info] ๐
- Flotilla - [source] ๐๐ง๐ค(on zapstore)
- Chachi - [source] ๐
- Futr - Coded in haskell [source] ๐ง (others soon)
- Soapbox - Comunnity server [info] [source] ๐
- Ditto - Soapbox community server ๐ [source] ๐
- Cobrafuma - Nostr brazilian community on Ditto [info] ๐
- Zapddit - Reddit like [source] ๐
- Voyage (Reddit like) [on development] ๐ค
Wiki
- Wikifreedia - Wiki Dark mode [source] ๐
- Wikinostr - Wiki with tabs clear mode [source] ๐
- Wikistr - Wiki clear mode [info] [source] ๐
Search
- Keychat - Signal-like chat with AI and browser [source] ๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐) - ๐ฑ(๐๐ค{on zapstore})
- Spring - Browser for Nostr apps and other sites [source] ๐ค (on zapstore)
- Advanced nostr search - Advanced note search by isolated terms related to a npub profile [source] ๐
- Nos Today - Global note search by isolated terms [info] [source] ๐
- Nostr Search Engine - API for Nostr clients [source]
- Ntrends - Trending notes and profiles ๐
Website
- Nsite - Nostr Site [onion] [info] [source]
- Nsite Gateway - Nostr Site Gateway [source]
- Npub pro - Your site on Nostr [source]
App Store
ZapStore - Permitionless App Store [source] ๐ค ๐ป(๐ง๐)
Video and Live Streaming
- Flare - Youtube like ๐ [source]
- ZapStream - Lives, videos, shorts and zaps (NIP-53) [source] ๐ ๐ค(lives only | Amber | on zapstore)
- Swae - Live streaming [source] (on development) โณ
Post Aggregator - Kinostr - Nostr Cinema with #kinostr [english] [author] ๐ - Stremstr - Nostr Cinema with #kinostr [english] [source] ๐ฑ (on development) โณ
Link Agreggator - Kinostr - #kinostr - Nostr Cinema Profile with links [English] - Equinox - Nostr Cinema Community with links [Portuguese]
Audio and Podcast Transmission
- Castr - Your npub as podcast feed [source]
- Nostr Nests - Audio Chats [source] ๐
- Fountain - Podcast [source] ๐ค๐
- Corny Chat - Audio Chat [source] ๐
Music
- Tidal - Music Streaming [source] [about] [info] ๐ค๐๐
- Wavlake - Music Streaming [source] ๐(๐ค๐ [early access])
- Tunestr - Musical Events [source] [about] ๐
- Stemstr - Musical Colab (paid to post) [source] [about] ๐
Images
- Lumina - Trending images and pictures [source] ๐
- Pinstr - Pinterest like [source] ๐
- Slidestr - DeviantArt like [source] ๐
- Memestr - ifunny like [source] ๐
Download and Upload
Documents, graphics and tables
- Mindstr - Mind maps [source] ๐
- Docstr - Share Docs [info] [source] ๐
- Formstr - Share Forms [info] ๐
- Sheetstr - Share Spreadsheets [source] ๐
- Slide Maker - Share slides ๐ [Advice: Slide Maker https://zaplinks.lol/ site is down]
Health
- Sobrkey - Sobriety and mental health [source] ๐
- Runstr - Running app [source] ๐
- NosFabrica - Finding ways for your health data ๐
- LazerEyes - Eye prescription by DM [source] ๐
Forum
- OddBean - Hacker News like [info] [source] ๐
- LowEnt - Forum [info] ๐
- Swarmstr - Q&A / FAQ [info] ๐
- Staker News - Hacker News like ๐ [info]
Direct Messenges (DM)
- 0xchat ๐ค๐ [source]
- Nostr Chat ๐๐ [source]
- Blowater ๐ [source]
- Anigma (new nostrgram) - Telegram based [on development] [source]
Reading
- Oracolo - A minimalist Nostr html blog [source]
- nRSS - Nostr RSS reader ๐
- Highlighter - Insights with a highlighted read [info] ๐
- Zephyr - Calming to Read [info] ๐
- Flycat - Clean and Healthy Feed [info] ๐
- Nosta - Check Profiles [on development] [info] ๐
- Alexandria - e-Reader and Nostr Knowledge Base (NKB) [source] ๐
Writing
- Habla - Blog [info] ๐
- Blogstack - Blog [info]๐
- YakiHonne - Articles and News [info] ๐๐๐ค(on zapstore)
Lists
- Following - Users list [source] ๐
- Nostr Unfollower - Nostr Unfollower
- Listr - Lists [source] ๐
- Nostr potatoes - Movies List [source] ๐ป(numpy)
Market and Jobs
- Shopstr - Buy and Sell [onion] [source] ๐
- Nostr Market - Buy and Sell ๐
- Plebeian Market - Buy and Sell [source] ๐
- Ostrich Work - Jobs [source] ๐
- Nostrocket - Jobs [source] ๐
Data Vending Machines - DVM (NIP90)
(Data-processing tools)
Games
- Chesstr - Chess ๐ [source]
- Jestr - Chess [source] ๐
- Snakestr - Snake game [source] ๐
- Snakes on a Relay - Multiplayer Snake game like slither.io [source] ๐
ENGINES - DEG Mods - Decentralized Game Mods [info] [source] ๐ - NG Engine - Nostr Game Engine [source] ๐ - JmonkeyEngine - Java game engine [source] ๐
Customization
Like other Services
- Olas - Instagram like [source] ๐๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Nostree - Linktree like ๐
- Rabbit - TweetDeck like [info] ๐
- Zaplinks - Nostr links ๐
- Omeglestr - Omegle-like Random Chats [source] ๐
General Uses
- Njump - HTML text gateway source ๐
- Filestr - HTML midia gateway [source] ๐
- W3 - Nostr URL shortener [source] ๐
- Playground - Test Nostr filters [source] ๐
Places
- Wherostr - Travel and show where you are
- Arc Map (Mapstr) - Bitcoin Map [info]
Driver and Delivery
- RoadRunner - Uber like [on development] โฑ๏ธ
- Nostrlivery - iFood like [on development] โฑ๏ธ
โ ๏ธ SCAM โ ๏ธ | Arcade City - Uber like [source]
OTHER STUFF
Lightning Wallets (zap)
- Alby - Native and extension [info] ๐
- ZBD - Gaming and Social [info] [source] ๐ค๐
- Wallet of Satoshi - Simplest Lightning Wallet [info] ๐ค๐
- Minibits - Cashu mobile wallet [info] ๐ค
- Blink - Opensource custodial wallet (KYC over 1000 usd) [source] ๐ค๐
- LNbits - App and extesion [source] ๐ค๐๐ป
- Zeus - [info] [source] ๐ค๐
Without Zap - Wassabi Wallet - Privacy-focused and non-custodial with Nostr Update Manager [source]
Exchange
Media Server (Upload Links)
audio, image and video
Connected with Nostr (NIP):
- Nostr Build - Free and paid Upload [info] [source] ๐
- NostrMedia - Written in Go with Nip 96 / Blossom (free and paid) [info] [source]
- Nostr Check - [info] [source] ๐
- NostPic - [info] [source] ๐
- Sovbit - Free and paid upload [info] [source] ๐
- Voidcat - Nip-96 and Blossom [source] ๐
- Primal Media - Primal Media Uploader [source] ๐
Blossom - Your Media Safer
- Primal Blossom ๐
- NostrBuild Blossom - Free upload (max 100MiB) and paid [info] [source] ๐
Paid Upload Only
- Satellite CDN - prepaid upload (max 5GB each) [info] [source] ๐
Without Nostr NIP:
- Pomf - Upload larger videos (max 1GB) [source]
- Catbox - max 200 MB [source]
- x0 - max 512 MiB [source]
Donation and payments
- Zapper - Easy Zaps [source] ๐
- Autozap [source] ๐
- Zapmeacoffee ๐
- Nostr Zap ๐ป(numpy)
- Creatr - Creators subscription ๐
- Geyzer - Crowdfunding [info] [source] ๐
- Heya! - Crowdfunding [source]
Security
- Secret Border - Generate offline keys ๐ป(java)
- Umbrel - Your private relay [source] ๐
Key signing/login and Extension
- Amber - Key signing [source] ๐ค(on zapstore)
- Nowser - Account access keys ๐ฑ(๐ค๐) ๐ป(๐ง๐๐ช)
- Nos2x - Account access keys ๐
- Nsec.app ๐ [info]
- Lume - [info] [source] ๐ง๐ช๐
- Satcom - Share files to discuss - [info] ๐
- KeysBand - Multi-key signing [source] ๐
Code
- Stacks - AI Templates [info] [source] ๐
- Nostrify - Share Nostr Frameworks ๐
- Git Workshop (github like) [experimental] ๐
- Gitstr (github like) [on development] โฑ๏ธ
- Osty [on development] [info] ๐
- Python Nostr - Python Library for Nostr
- Sybil - Creating, managing and test Nostr events [on development] โฑ๏ธ
Relay Check and Cloud
- Nostr Watch - See your relay speed ๐
- NosDrive - Nostr Relay that saves to Google Drive
Bidges and Getways
- Matrixtr Bridge - Between Matrix & Nostr
- Mostr - Between Nostr & Fediverse
- Nostrss - RSS to Nostr
- Rsslay - Optimized RSS to Nostr [source]
- Atomstr - RSS/Atom to Nostr [source]
Useful Profiles and Trends
nostr-voice - Voice note (just some clients)
NOT RELATED TO NOSTR
Voca - Text-to-Speech App for GrapheneOS [source] ๐ค(on zapstore)
Android Keyboards
Personal notes and texts
- Joplin - privacy-focused note taking app with sync capabilities [source] ๐ฑ(๐ค๐) - ๐ป (๐ง๐ช๐)
Front-ends
- Nitter - Twitter / X without your data [source]
- NewPipe - Youtube, Peertube and others, without account & your data [source] ๐ค
- Piped - Youtube web without you data [source] ๐
Other Services
- Brave - Browser [source]
- DuckDuckGo - Search [source]
- LLMA - Meta - Meta open source AI [source]
- DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source]
- Proton Mail - Mail [source]
Other open source index: Degoogled Apps
Some other Nostr index on:
-
@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-19 00:31:55
We have our conference finalists: - Indiana (4) @ New York (3) - Minnesota (6) @ OKC (1)
Pick one team to advance to the finals and one player to win Conference Finals MVP. One player from each matchup will be named MVP.
The scoring this round is 4 points + seed value for picking a winner and 4 points for picking an MVP. The maximum points this round are 14.
Current Scores | Stacker | Points | |----------|-------| | @Undisciplined | 35 | | @grayruby | 32 | | @gnilma | 28 | | @fishious | 21 | | @WeAreAllSatoshi | 20 | | @BlokchainB | 19 | | @Coinsreporter | 19 | | @Carresan | 18 | | @Car | 9 |
SGA was the leading scorer of round 2
https://stacker.news/items/983402
-
@ 805b34f7:3620fac3
2025-05-18 23:38:44
By Louise Rafkin
Oct. 18, 2024
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/18/fashion/laura-baroni-paul-keating-wedding.html
In early 2022, Paul Thomas Keating and Laura Baroni each traveled to Costa Rica looking for something โ but not necessarily for someone. The two kicked around the small beach town of Santa Teresa, on the western coast, for more than a month before laying eyes on each other.
When they did, there were sparks but few words. At a dinner with mutual friends, Ms. Baroni, who is from Italy, was immediately intrigued by the handsome, curly-haired American. Shared glances prompted Ms. Baroni to pivot from English, of which she knew just a few words, to Spanish, in which she was fluent. Mr. Keating spoke Spanish passably, so it was in that language that they shared stories about how their paths had crossed.
Ms. Baroni, 27, grew up in Liguria, Italy. After earning a bachelorโs degree in modern languages and cultures for business and tourism from the University of Genoa, she worked as a sales manager for a company that made biodegradable bags. But during the pandemic, she became hooked on surfing, and by the end of 2021, had bought a one-way ticket to Costa Rica and settled in Santa Teresa, which is known for its superb year-round waves.
At the time, Mr. Keating, 31, was a self-described surf bum. โI lived simply, or, you could also say, in poverty,โ he said jokingly. In Santa Teresa, he shared a home with several roommates and swarms of mosquitoes; to thwart the insects, he slept inside a tent set up in his bedroom. A skunk bedded down in the kitchen sink. โIt kept the rodents out, so we let it stay,โ he said.
Mr. Keating spent his childhood in Oceanside, Calif., a small Southern California beach town. He played baseball for Vanguard University, earning a bachelorโs degree in business administration and a masterโs in organizational psychology. He then pursued a career in modeling and acting. He appeared in a commercial for Mountain Dew and was cast in the reality dating show โFBoy Islandโ in 2021. He was booted off in the fourth week.
By late 2021, he was delivering refrigerators to college dorm rooms and dreaming of a different life. โI wanted to surf with cool people, have a family and find meaningful work,โ he said. He packed his 1985 Nissan truck with donated baseball equipment and set off for Costa Rica. During the five-week road trip, he gave the baseball gear to children in Nicaragua.
After their first meeting, Mr. Keating suggested that he and Ms. Baroni attend a local festival where, in an effort to impress Ms. Baroni, he jumped into a rodeo arena with angry bulls. To his surprise, Ms. Baroni followed. Both escaped unscathed, and with a surge of adrenaline, shared a first kiss.
Soon after, Ms. Baroni texted a friend in Italy: โIโve met my future husband and the father of my children.โ
Mr. Keating was similarly smitten. The couple began surfing together, and Ms. Baroniโs fearlessness in the face of huge waves fueled Mr. Keatingโs ardor and admiration.
Several months later, after moving in together, Ms. Baroni floated the first โI love you.โ Mr. Keating began to sob. โAfter years of wandering and not finding, here was everything I wanted,โ he said.
In 2023, the couple traveled together to more than a dozen countries and visited each otherโs families. They also developed careers. Ms. Baroni now works as an independent model, photographer and content creator. Mr. Keating, who still occasionally models and acts in commercials, works for Primal, a social media company. โWhen you have the right person at your side, itโs easy to find yourself,โ Ms. Baroni said.
In June 2023, the couple, still living a nomadic life, were invited by one of Mr. Keatingโs work associates to cruise the Greek islands on his boat. On the island of Paxos, atop a rocky hillside, Mr. Keating dropped to a knee and, with friends and colleagues watching, proposed with a snake-shaped ring with tiny diamond eyes that reminded him of the jungles of Costa Rica. Ms. Baroni closed her eyes and fell silent. For several minutes, Mr. Keating wondered if he was experiencing the most embarrassing moment of his life.
โJust two nights before, I had dreamed we were marrying,โ Ms. Baroni explained. When her eyes opened she smiled and said yes. The two clasped hands and leaped into the sea.
On Oct. 10, at San Clemente State Beach park in San Clemente, Calif., the couple were married by nostr:nprofile1qyx8wumn8ghj7cnjvghxjmcpz4mhxue69uhk2er9dchxummnw3ezumrpdejqqgqufvg53h6lmccvqp2sl55aafykewhq47gw7kwp93722h7gdq6xx5mdd75x , a friend of Mr. Keatingโs who was ordained by American Marriage Ministries for the event.
Ms. Baroni said her vows in Italian. โI spoke love with my heart, I know Paul understood,โ she said. After the ceremony, the 100 guests walked a short dirt path to the beach, where the groom and his best man jumped into the Pacific for a sunset surf session while still wearing their wedding attire.
โWe are going to have the most interesting lives,โ Ms. Baroni said.
pv
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@ f85b9c2c:d190bcff
2025-05-18 23:33:20
Am I the only one who tires of this penโs endless fight, Scribbling words that dance in the dimmest light? The ink flows free, but my mindโs in a plight, I still donโt get it, this craftโs strange height. My thoughts once soared, a creative kite, Now they stumble, lost in the night. The page stares back, so blank, so white, I still donโt get it, whereโs my insight? I chase the muse with all my might, But sheโs a ghost, just out of sight. My fingers cramp, my soul takes flight, I still donโt get it, this endless write. The stories beg to be shaped just right, Yet boredom creeps, a thief in flight. I dream of tales that spark delight, I still donโt get it, this weary blight. Friends say, โYour words, they shine so bright,โ But I feel trapped in this daily rite. The passion fades, no end in sight, I still donโt get it, this draining fight. A poem, a prose, I try to ignite, Each line a chore, a forced invite. The joyโs gone cold, no warmth in sight, I still donโt get it, this fading light. Am I alone, or do others unite, In feeling this pull, this tired dislike? The keyboard clacks, the thoughts take flight, I still donโt get it, this writerโs spite. Perhaps itโs me, my heartโs too tight, Or maybe writingโs a cruel delight. Iโll push on through, with grit and bite, I still donโt get it, but Iโll rewrite. So here I sit, in day or night, Pouring my soul, though it feels trite. Am I the only one? I seek the sight, I still donโt get itโyet still, I write.
-
@ f85b9c2c:d190bcff
2025-05-18 23:02:05
Cryptocurrency has been a hot topic in the world of finance and technology for the past few years. With the rise of Bitcoin and other digital currencies, many have speculated that crypto could be the future of money. But is this really the case? In this article, weโll take a closer look at the concept of cryptocurrency and whether it has the potential to replace traditional forms of currency.
What is Cryptocurrency? First, letโs define what cryptocurrency actually is. Essentially, cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of currency that uses blockchain technology for secure and decentralized transactions. Unlike traditional currencies, which are controlled by central authorities such as banks and governments, cryptocurrency operates independently and is not subject to the same regulations or central authorities. Bitcoin, the first and most well-known cryptocurrency, was created in 2009 by an unknown individual or group using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Since then, thousands of other cryptocurrencies have emerged, each with their own unique features and values.
The Advantages of Cryptocurrency 1.One of the main advantage of cryptocurrency is its decentralized nature. This means that it is not controlled by any central authority, making it immune to inflation and government interference. Transactions are also fast and secure, thanks to blockchain technology.
2.Another advantage of cryptocurrency is its potential for investment. Many people have made significant profits by investing in cryptocurrencies.However, itโs important to note that cryptocurrency carries a high level of risk.
The Challenges of Cryptocurrency While there are certainly benefits to using cryptocurrency, there are also several challenges that must be addressed before it can become the future of money. 1. One major issue is the lack of regulation. As mentioned earlier, cryptocurrency is not subject to the same regulations as traditional currencies, which can make it vulnerable to fraud and illegal activities. This has led to some governments imposing restrictions on the use of cryptocurrency, hindering its adoption on a global scale.
- Another challenge is the complexity of cryptocurrency. For the average person, understanding how it works and how to use it can be challenging. This can make it less accessible and limit its potential for widespread use.
Is Crypto Really the Future of Money? So, back to our initial question: is crypto really the future of money? While it certainly has its advantages, there are still many obstacles that need to be overcome before that can happen. Some experts believe that cryptocurrency has the potential to transform the financial industry, while others argue that it will never fully replace traditional forms of currency. The truth is, itโs still too early to say for certain what the future holds for cryptocurrency. One thing is for sure, though โ cryptocurrency has already made a significant impact on the financial world and itโs here to stay. Whether it will become the primary form of currency in the future remains to be seen, but itโs clear that it has disrupted the traditional financial system and sparked important discussions about the future of money.
In Conclusion Cryptocurrency has captured the attention of the world with its promise of a decentralized and secure currency. While it does have its advantages, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed before it can truly become the future of money. Only time will tell if cryptocurrency will live up to its potential and become a mainstream form of currency. In the meantime, itโs certainly worth keeping an eye on as it continues to evolve and shape the financial landscape.
-
@ 866e0139:6a9334e5
2025-05-18 21:49:14
Autor:ย Michael Meyen.ย Dieser Beitrag wurde mit demย Pareto-Clientย geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Friedenย hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie inย unserem Telegram-Kanal.
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โWarum der Weltfrieden von Deutschland abhรคngtโ steht auf dem Cover. Sicher: Ein Verlag will verkaufen. Superlative machen sich da immer gut. Der Weltfrieden und Deutschland. โWie dasโ, wird mancher fragen, รผber den Atlantik schauen, nach Kiew oder gar nach Moskau und nach Peking, und die 24 Euro ausgeben. Ich kann nur sagen: Das ist gut investiert, wenn man verstehen will, was uns die Nachrichtensprecher und ihre Kritiker im Moment alles um die Ohren hauen. Ich durfte die Texte von Hauke Ritz schon lesen und ein Vorwort schreiben, in dem es nicht nur um Krieg und Frieden geht, sondern auch um die Frage, warum sich manche, die einst โlinksโ zu stehen glaubten, inzwischen mit einigen Konservativen besser vertragen als mit den alten Genossen โ nicht nur bei der Gretchenfrage auf dem Cover. Nun aber zu meinem Vorwort. ย ย
1. Der Leser
Hauke Ritz hat meinen Blick auf die Welt verรคndert. In diesem Satz stecken zwei Menschen. Ich fange mit dem Leser an, weil jeder Text auf einen Erfahrungsberg trifft, gewachsen durch all das, was Herkunft, soziale Position und Energievorrat ermรถglichen. Ob ein Autor dort auf Resonanz stรถรt, kann er nicht beeinflussen. Also zunรคchst etwas zu mir. Ich bin auf der Insel Rรผgen aufgewachsen โ in einer kommunistischen Familie und mit Karl Marx. Das Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein. In der Schule haben wir Kinder uns รผber ein anderes Marx-Zitat amรผsiert, das in einem der Rรคume groร an der Wand stand. โDie Philosophen haben die Welt nur verschieden interpretiert, es kรถmmt drauf an, sie zu verรคndern.โ Kรถmmt. Dieser Marx. Was der sich traut.
Das Schulhaus ist nach 1990 schnell abgerissen worden. Bauland mit Meerblick, fรผnf Minuten bis zum Strand. Marx stand nun zwar kaum noch in der Zeitung, Eltern, Freunde und Bekannte waren sich aber trotzdem sicher, dass er Recht hat. Das Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein. Hier die Ostdeutschen, auf Jahre gebunden im Kampf um Arbeitsplatz und Qualifikationsnachweise, Rente und Grundstรผck, und dort Glรผcksritter aus dem Westen, die sich das Dorf kaufen und nach ihrem Bilde formen. Das Kapital live in Aktion gewissermaรen.
Ich selbst bin damals eher durch Zufall an der Universitรคt gelandet und habe dort eine Spielart der Medienforschung kennengelernt, die in den USA erfunden worden war, um den Zweiten Weltkrieg nicht nur auf dem Schlachtfeld zu gewinnen, sondern auch in den Kรถpfen. Diese akademische Disziplin konnte und wollte nach ihrer Ankunft in der alten Bundesrepublik nichts mit Marx am Hut haben. Zum einen war da dieser neue Freund auf der anderen Atlantikseite, moralisch sauber und damit ein Garant gegen den Vorwurf, mitgemacht zu haben und vielleicht sogar Goebbels und sein Postulat von den Medien als Fรผhrungsmittel immer noch in sich zu tragen. Je lauter dieser Vorwurf wurde, desto stรคrker zog es deutsche Propagandaforscher, die sich zur Tarnung Kommunikations- oder Publizistikwissenschaftler nannten, in die USA.
Zum anderen verbannte der Radikalenerlass jeden Hauch von Marxismus aus dem universitรคren Leben. Selbst Postmarxisten wie Adorno und Horkheimer mit ihrer Frankfurter Schule, Karl Mannheim oder Pierre Bourdieu, auf die ich bei der Suche nach einer neuen intellektuellen Heimat fast zwangslรคufig gestoรen bin, spielten in den Lehrveranstaltungen kaum eine Rolle und damit auch nicht in Dissertationen, Habilitationen, Fachzeitschriften. Peer Review wird schnell zur Farce, wenn jeder Gutachter weiร, dass bestimmte Texte nur von mir und meinen Schรผlern zitiert werden. Ich habe dann versucht, die Kollegen mit Foucault zu รผberraschen, aber auch das hat nicht lange funktioniert.
Zu Hauke Ritz ist es von da immer noch weit. Ich habe eine Lungenembolie gebraucht (2013), zwei Auftritte bei KenFM (2018) und die Attacken, die auf diese beiden Interviews zielten sowie auf meinen Blog Medienrealitรคt, gestartet 2017 und zeitgleich mit groรen Abendveranstaltungen aus der virtuellen Welt in die Uni-Wirklichkeit geholt, um bereit zu sein fรผr diesen Denker. Corona nicht zu vergessen. Ich erinnere mich noch genau an diesen Abend. Narrative Nummer 16 im August 2020. Hauke Ritz zu Gast bei Robert Cibis, Filmemacher und Kopf von Ovalmedia. Da saร jemand, der mรผhelos durch die Geschichte spazierte und es dabei schaffte, geistige und materielle Welt zusammenzubringen. Meine Gรถtter Marx, Bourdieu und Foucault, wenn man so will, angereichert mit mehr als einem Schuss Religionswissen, um die jemand wie ich, als Atheist erzogen und immer noch aufgeregt, wenn er vor einer Kirche steht, eher einen Bogen macht. Dazu all das, was ich in tapsigen Schritten auf dem Gebiet der historischen Forschung zu erkunden versucht hatte โ nur in weit lรคngeren Zeitrรคumen und mit der Vogelperspektive, die jede gute Analyse braucht. Und ich kannte diesen Mann nicht. Ein Armutszeugnis nach mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert in Bewusstseinsindustrie und Ideologieproduktion.
2. Der Autor
Und damit endlich zu diesem Autor, der meinen Blick auf die Welt verรคndert hat. Hauke Ritz, Jahrgang 1975, ist ein Kind der alten deutschen Universitรคt. Er hat an der FU Berlin studiert, als man dort noch Professoren treffen konnte, denen Eigenstรคndigkeit wichtiger war als Leistungspunkte, Deadlines und politische Korrektheit. Seine Dissertation wurzelt in diesem ganz anderen akademischen Milieu. Ein dickes Buch, in dem es um Geschichtsphilosophie geht und um die Frage, welchen Reim sich die Deutschen vom Ersten Weltkrieg bis zum Fall der Berliner Mauer auf den Siegeszug von Wissenschaft und Technik gemacht haben. Das klingt sehr akademisch, wird aber schnell politisch, wenn man die Aufsรคtze liest, die Hauke Ritz ab den spรคten Nullerjahren auf diesem Fundament aufgebaut hat und die hier nun in einer Art Best-of in die รffentlichkeit zurรผckgeholt werden aus dem Halbdunkel von Publikationsorten, deren Reputation inzwischen zum Teil gezielt zerstรถrt worden ist, und die so hoffentlich ein groรes und neues Publikum erreichen. In den Texten, die auf dieses Vorwort folgen, geht es um den tiefen Staat und den neuen kalten Krieg, um Geopolitik und Informationskriege und dabei immer wieder auch um die geistige Krise der westlichen Welt sowie um den fehlenden Realitรคtssinn deutscher Auรenpolitik.ย
Bevor ich darauf zurรผckkomme, muss ich die Doppelbiografie abrunden, mit der ich eingestiegen bin. Im Februar 2022, wir erinnern uns auch mit Hilfe des Interviews, das Paul Schreyer mit ihm fรผhrte, war Hauke Ritz gerade in Moskau, als Universitรคtslehrer auf Zeit mit einem DAAD-Stipendium. Im November 2024, als ich diese Zeilen schreibe, ist er wieder einmal in China, mit familiรคren Verbindungen. Das heiรt auch: Hauke Ritz hat mehr gesehen, als einem in den Kongresshotels der US-dominierten Forschergemeinschaften je geboten werden kann. Und er muss weder um Zitationen buhlen noch um irgendwelche Fรถrdertรถpfe und damit auch nicht um das Wohlwollen von Kollegen.
Ein Lehrstuhl oder eine Dozentenstelle, hat er mir im Frรผhsommer 2021 auf Usedom erzรคhlt, wo wir uns das erste Mal gesehen haben, so eine ganz normale akademische Karriere sei fรผr ihn nicht in Frage gekommen. Der Publikationsdruck, die Denkschablonen. Lieber รถkonomisch unsicher, aber dafรผr geistig frei. Ich habe mir diesen Satz gemerkt, weil er einen Beamten wie mich zwingt, seinen Lebensentwurf auf den Prรผfstand zu stellen. Bin ich beim Lesen, Forschen, Schreiben so unabhรคngig, wie ich mir das stets einzureden versuche? Wo sind die Grenzen, die eine Universitรคt und all die Zwรคnge setzen, die mit dem Kampf um Reputation verbunden sind? Und was ist mit dem Lockmittel Pension, das jeder verspielt, der das Schiff vor der Zeit verlassen will?ย
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Hauke Ritz, das zeigen die zehn Aufsรคtze, die in diesem Buch versammelt sind, hat alles richtig gemacht. Hier prรคsentiert sich ein Autor, der โvon linksโ aufgebrochen ist und sich immer noch so sieht (so beschreibt er das dort, wo es um die aktuelle Theorieschwรคche des einst gerade hier so dominanten Lagers geht), aber trotzdem keine Angst hat, fรผr ein Wertesystem zu werben, das eher konservativ wirkt. Herkunft und Familie zum Beispiel. Verankerung und Zugehรถrigkeit, sowohl geografisch als auch intellektuell. Mehr noch: Wenn ich Hauke Ritz richtig verstanden habe, dann braucht es ein Amalgam aus den Restbestรคnden der ยปaltenยซ Linken und dem christlich geprรคgten Teil des konservativen Lagers, um eine Entwicklung aufzuhalten und vielleicht sogar umzukehren, die in seinen Texten das Etikett ยปPostmoderneยซ trรคgt. Grenzen sprengen, Identitรคten schleifen, Traditionen vergessen. Umwertung aller Werte. Transgender und Trans- oder sogar Posthumanismus. Wer all das nicht mag, findet in diesem Buch ein Reiseziel. Gerechtigkeit und Utopie, Wahrheitssuche, der Glaube an die Schรถpferkraft des Menschen und die geistige Regulierung politischer Macht โ verwurzelt in der Topografie Europas, die Konkurrenz erzwang, und vor allem im Christentum, weitergetragen in weltlichen Religionen wie dem Kommunismus, und so attraktiv, dass Hauke Ritz von Universalismus sprechen kann, von der Fรคhigkeit dieser Kultur, ein Leitstern fรผr die Welt zu sein.
Ich habe die Texte im Frรผhling 2022 gelesen, allesamt in einem Rutsch, um mich auf das Gesprรคch vorzubereiten, das ich mit Hauke Ritz dann im Juni fรผr die Plattform Apolut gefรผhrt habe, den Nachfolger von KenFM. Ich weiร, dass das ein Privileg ist. Lesen, worauf man Lust hat, und dafรผr auch noch bezahlt werden. Ich weiร auch, dass ich ohne die Vorgeschichte, ohne Corona und all das, was mich und dieses Land dorthin gefรผhrt hat, niemals das Glรผck hรคtte empfinden kรถnnen, das mit der Entdeckung eines Autors wie Hauke Ritz verbunden ist. Ohne all das wรคre ich wahrscheinlich weiter zu irgendwelchen hochwichtigen Tagungen in die USA geflogen und hรคtte mich mit Aufsรคtzen fรผr Fachzeitschriften gequรคlt, die fรผr einen winzigen Kreis von Eingeweihten gemacht und selbst von diesem Kreis allenfalls registriert, aber nicht studiert werden.
Lange Gesprรคche mit Kรถpfen wie Hauke Ritz hatten bei Ovalmedia oder Apolut in den Coronajahren sechsstellige Zuschauerzahlen. Ein groรes Publikum, wenn man die Komplexitรคt und die Originalitรคt mitdenkt, die jeder Leser gleich genieรen kann. Man findet diese Videos noch, allerdings nicht beim De-facto-Monopolisten YouTube, der Zensur sei Dank. Im Bermudadreieck zwischen Berlin, Brรผssel und dem Silicon Valley verschwindet alles, was die hegemonialen Narrative herausfordert und das Potenzial hat, Menschenmassen erst zu erreichen und dann zu bewegen. Ich habe Hauke Ritz deshalb schon im Studio und am Abend nach unserem Dreh ermutigt und wahrscheinlich sogar ein wenig gedrรคngt, aus seinen Aufsรคtzen ein Buch zu machen. Das war auch ein wenig egoistisch gedacht: Ich wollte mein Aha-Erlebnis mit anderen teilen und so Gleichgesinnte heranziehen. Der Mensch ist ein Herdentier und mag es nicht, allein und isoliert zu sein.ย
3. Ein neuer Blick auf Macht
Drei Jahre spรคter gibt es nicht nur die Aufsatzsammlung, die Sie gerade in den Hรคnden halten, sondern auch ein Buch, das ich als โgroรen Wurfโ beschrieben habe โ als Werk eines Autors, der die Wirklichkeit nicht ignoriert (Geografie, Reichtum und die Geschichte mit ihren ganz realen Folgen), sich aber trotzdem von der Vorstellung lรถst, dass der Mensch in all seinem Streben und Irren nicht mehr sei als ein Produkt der Umstรคnde. Hauke Ritz dreht den Spieร um: Die Geschichte bewegt nicht uns, sondern wir bewegen sie. Was passiert, das passiert auch und vielleicht sogar in erster Linie, weil wir ganz bestimmte Vorstellungen von der Vergangenheit und unserem Platz in dieser Welt verinnerlicht haben. Von diesem Axiom ist es nur ein klitzekleiner Schritt zur Machtpolitik: Wenn es stimmt, dass das historische Bewusstsein mindestens genauso wichtig ist wie Atomsprengkรถpfe, Soldaten oder Gasfelder, dann kรถnnen sich die Geheimdienste nicht auf รberwachung und Kontrolle beschrรคnken. Dann mรผssen sie in die Ideenproduktion eingreifen. Und wir? Wir mรผssen die Geistesgeschichte neu schreiben, Politik anders sehen und zuallererst begreifen, dass der Mensch das Sein verรคndern kann, wenn er denn versteht, wer und was seinen Blick bisher gelenkt hat. Ich bin deshalb besonders froh, dass es auch das Herz der Serie โDie Logik des neuen kalten Kriegesโ in dieses Buch geschafft hat, ursprรผnglich 2016 bei RT-Deutsch erschienen. Diese Stรผcke sind exemplarisch fรผr das Denken von Hauke Ritz. Der Neoliberalismus, um das nur an einem Beispiel zu illustrieren, wird dort von ihm nicht รถkonomisch interpretiert, โsondern als ein Kulturmodellโ, das zu verstehen hilft, wie es zu der Ehe von Kapitalismus und โneuer Linkerโ kommen konnte und damit sowohl zu jener โaggressiven Dominanz des Westensโ, die auch den Westend-Verlag umtreibt und so diese Publikation ermรถglicht, als auch zur โVernachlรคssigung der sozialen Frageโ.ย
Hauke Ritz holt die geistige Dimension von Herrschen und Beherrschtwerden ins Scheinwerferlicht und fragt nach der โMacht des Konzeptsโ. Diese Macht, sagt Hauke Ritz nicht nur in seinem Aufsatz รผber die โkulturelle Dimension des Kalten Kriegesโ, hat 1989/90 den Zweikampf der Systeme entschieden. Nicht die รkonomie, nicht das Wohlstandsgefรคlle, nicht das Wettrรผsten. Ein Riesenreich wie die Sowjetunion, kaum verschuldet, autark durch Rohstoffe und in der Lage, jeden Feind abzuschrecken, habe weder seine Satellitenstaaten aufgeben mรผssen noch sich selbst โ wenn da nicht der Sog gewesen wรคre, der von der Rockmusik ausging, von Jeans und Hollywood, von bunten Schaufenstern und von einem Mรคrchen, das das andere Lager als Hort von Mitbestimmung, Pressefreiheit und ganz privatem Glรผck gepriesen hat. Als selbst der erste Mann im Kreml all das fรผr bare Mรผnze nahm und Glasnost ausrief (das, was der Westen fรผr seinen Journalismus bis heute behauptet, aber schon damals nicht einlรถsen konnte und wollte), sei es um den Gegenentwurf geschehen gewesen. Die Berliner Mauer habe der Psychologie nicht standhalten kรถnnen.
Fast noch wichtiger: All das war kein Zufall, sondern Resultat strategischer und vor allem geheimdienstlicher Arbeit. Hauke Ritz kann sich hier unter anderem auf Francis Stonor Saunders und Michael Hochgeschwender stรผtzen und so herausarbeiten, wie die CIA รผber den Kongress fรผr kulturelle Freiheit in den 1950ern und 1960ern Schriftsteller und Journalisten finanzierte, Musiker und Maler, Zeitschriften, Galerien, Filme โ und damit Personal, Denkmuster, Symbole. Die โneueโ Linke, โnicht-kommunistischโ, also nicht mehr an der System- und Eigentumsfrage interessiert, diese โneueโ Linke ist, das lernen wir bei Hauke Ritz, genauso ein Produkt von Ideenmanagement wie das positive US-Bild vieler Westeuropรคer oder eine neue franzรถsische Philosophie um Michel Foucault, Claude Lรฉvi-Strauss oder Bernard-Henri Lรฉvy, die Marx und Hegel abwรคhlte, stattdessen auf Nietzsche setzte und so ein Fundament schuf fรผr das โProjekt einer Umwertung aller Werteโ.
Natรผrlich kann man fragen: Was hat all das mit uns zu tun? Mit dem Krieg in der Ukraine, mit der Zukunft Europas oder gar mit der These auf dem Buchcover, dass nichts weniger als der โWeltfriedenโ ausgerechnet von uns, von Deutschland abhรคngt? Warum sollen wir uns mit Kรคmpfen in irgendwelchen Studierstรผbchen beschรคftigen, die hรถchstens zwei Handvoll Gelehrte verstehen? Hauke Ritz sagt: Wer die Welt beherrschen will, muss den Code der europรคischen Kultur umschreiben. Wie weit dieses โProjektโ schon gediehen ist, sieht jeder, der die Augen รถffnet. In der Lesart von Hauke Ritz ist Europa Opfer einer โpostmodernen Fehlinterpretation seiner eigenen Kulturโ, importiert aus den USA und nur abzuwehren mit Hilfe von Russland, das zwar zu Europa gehรถre, sich vom Westen des Kontinents aber unterscheide und deshalb einen Gegenentwurf liefern kรถnne. Stichworte sind hier Orthodoxie und Sozialismus sowie eine Vergangenheit als Imperium, ohne die, so sieht das Hauke Ritz, neben diplomatischen Erfahrungen die โpolitischen Energienโ fehlen, die nรถtig sind, um Souverรคnitรคt auch da zu bewahren, wo die โMacht des Konzeptsโ beginnt. China und der Iran ja, Indien und Lateinamerika nein.
Keine Angst, ich schreibe hier kein zweites Buch. Diese Appetithรคppchen sollen Lust machen auf einen Autor, der die Hektik der Gegenwart hinter sich lรคsst und aus den Tiefen der Geschichte eine Interpretation anbietet, die die hegemoniale Ideologie in ein ganz neues Licht rรผckt und sie so als โRechtfertigungslehreโ enttarnt (Werner Hofmann) oder als โMachtinterpretation der Wirklichkeitโ (Vรกclav Havel), die sich zwangslรคufig โritualisiertโ und โvon der Wirklichkeit emanzipiertโ, um als โAlibiโ fรผr alle funktionieren zu kรถnnen, die mit der Macht marschieren. Ich weiร nicht mehr, wie ich das Marx-Zitat mit dem komischen Wort โkรถmmtโ als kleiner Junge gedeutet habe. Ich wusste wenig von Philosophie und gar nichts von der Welt. Hauke Ritz blickt nicht nur in Abgrรผnde, die ich vorher allenfalls aus dem Augenwinkel gesehen hatte, sondern bietet zugleich eine Lรถsung an. Als Gleichung und in seinen Worten formuliert: โklassische Arbeiterbewegungโ plus โchristlich orientierte Wertkonservativeโ ist gleich Hoffnung und Neustart. Und nun Vorhang auf fรผr einen Philosophen, der nicht nur Deutschland einen Weg weist in Richtung Verรคnderung und Frieden.
Michael Meyen ist Medienforscher, Ausbilder und Journalist. Seit 2002 ist er Universitรคtsprofessor an der LMU Mรผnchen.ย https://www.freie-medienakademie.de/
Der Link zum Buch von Hauke Ritz
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@ df478568:2a951e67
2025-05-18 21:29:52
Mene sells investment grade, 24 kt gold jewelry. 24kt gold is 100% atomic number 79, AU, gold like a nugget. More pure than Ivory soap. Best of all, you can buy it the greatest money ever made. By the way, this really is not investment advice. I am bearish on the gold/bitcoin trade anyway. I'm old enough to remember [when a whole coin first became worth more than an ounce of gold.
nostr:nevent1qqsrssrzndmlv6vatcsg5ahzz9hy9k7026x4fq2ntwh3zfaw6hdtj0cjmjyn9.
Unfortunately, I didn't have an ounce of gold back then. I only had a few grams I didn't sell for bitcoin and like eight fiat bucks.
Gold is about gifts for me. I don't have any gold myself, except for ย an 18 kt gold necklace my grandmother gave me when I was seven. I'm never selling it I would have a lot more bitcoin if I sold that necklace when bitcoin was $200, but I keep it for sentimental reasons. It's not about the money, it's about the utility of gold.ย
Reduce Your Non-Strategic Future Trash Reserve
I don't like spending sats on stuff you expect to throw away within 5 years or less. l'll buy a pair of shoes ย very now and then, but it doesn't make sense to go on a shopping spree at The Dollar Tree, where nothing is a dollar, nor built to last. Expect everything you buy at The Dollar Tree to be buried in a landfill within a few years.ย
Consider this your non-strategic future trash reserve. Every 1,000 sats you don't spend is a thousand sats stacked. Put those sats into your Strategic Bitcoin Reserve instead of your non-strategic future trash reserve.
*โHe is so rich, he has no room to shit.โ
โ Marcus Aurelius, Meditations*
People Don't Throw Gold Away
I still have that gold necklace even though it no longer fits my neck. If you buy someone a smart watch, you can bet your last sat it will help fill a landfill within 5 years or less. This is not financial advice. If you give the gift of a 24 kt. gold bracelet, you know it won't be thrown away. It might get stolen or sold, but nobody in their right mind is throwing gold away like a sock with holes in it.
That's why I like buying gold as a gift. Besides, my wife and daughter both like gold jewelery. Go figure. I have given them sats before. They prefer the gold. Well, my wife doesn't want to spend the sats anymore, but she did. In the old 144 block days, she She used to joke, "My husband never shuts up about bitcoin. It's money we can't spend. That's not the case anymore. Block by block, bitcoin is accepted more and more places. Menฤ accepts bitcoin for gold Jewelry.
I don't know if Menฤ stacks sats, but they do use the lightning network. I doubt they keep the sats. They use BitPay, the company BTCpayServer set out to destroy. I still use bitcoin over the lightning network to stack sats because, like BTCPins saysโฆ
Gold Is Stack-able
I'm not saying to spend your whole stack on a Cuban Link. You can start small. Buy a charm. It will come with a free leather strap, but just so you know, it's a trap. My wife said she loves the charm, but needs a charm bracelet to go with it because she's not wearing a strap. Good, now I know what to get her for Christmas. You could save sats for something nice though and many of the pieces are stack-able. Maybe you can't afford a whole ounce today. Buy a few grams and add to it as the blocks go by and the charms presumably become cheaper. Gold is the bigger asset right now and it has gone up quite a bit recently, but bitcoin is hovering just below the Gold/bitcoin all time high. i can't predict the future, but I want to re-iterate, just because they market this as investment jewelry, I am not saying this is investment advice. This is about giving the gift of bitcoin 1.0.
There's a metric ton of different charms that can be added to a bracelet or necklace. This makes gold a gift that keeps on giving. Buy a bracelet for her birthday this year and you can buy her a charm next year. They say bitcoin is digital gold. What better way to begin teaching people digital gold than by using analog gold? Again, I don't expect gold to be the biggest asset in the world for long. This is about showing your loved ones that bitcoin is better than gold.
You can spend sats at Menฤ. They will send you 100% pure gold. They charge spot for the gold and add a 25% fee for their labor. They will send your gift to the destination of your choice. You can even set the delivery date if you order in advance. Each piece is hand crafted and made to order like Burger King, but built to last and no seed oil. Best of all, they have 44,441 reviews as of block 897,304.
Each piece also comes with a letter of authenticity. It shows how many grams of 100% gold it's made of. It's not as good as a UTXO, but they say the jewelry is as good as gold. If you want to give bitcoin away, buy one of my birthday cards, but if you want to buy something your loved ones won't throw away, buy Menฤ. They accept bitcoin for tariff-free gold jewelry, hand-crafted in the United States of America. They accept bitcoin, but you know what they don't accept? Gold because bitcoin is better than gold for selling gold on the Internet.
Menฤ Is Great!
I give Menฤ two emoji 5-of-5 orange hearts. They make great gifts worthy of people who stand to inherit generational wealth.
๐งก๐งก๐งก๐งก๐งก
npub1marc26z8nh3xkj5rcx7ufkatvx6ueqhp5vfw9v5teq26z254renshtf3g0
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@ 8d34bd24:414be32b
2025-05-18 20:43:56
We are all supposed to share Jesus and His word with those around us. We are called to:
but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence (1 Peter 3:15)
We should daily pray to God, read the Bible, and share Jesus with others. Some Christians will choose to go into full-time service to God. They will be pastors or missionaries. They will work for churches, Christian schools, and other Christian ministries. Of course, not everyone will make serving Jesus a career. That doesnโt mean the non-career Christians have no job to do. We are all to be a light to this world.
There is one ministry, though, that Iโd argue is most important: sharing the gospel with and discipling our children.
These words, which I am commanding you today, shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up. (Deuteronomy 6:6-7)
This passage may have been written in the Old Testament, but Iโd argue that it is even more true now that we have the truth of Jesus Christ, โthe way, the truth, and the life.โ If the Jews were called to diligently teach their kids the law, how much more should Christians diligently teach their kids the wonderous works and words of Jesus?
Train up a child in the way he should go, Even when he is old he will not depart from it. (Proverbs 22:6)
We should be so excited about what Jesus has done for us that it flows out of us in our daily lives. We should have a strong desire to learn Godโs word and to share it with others, especially our children. We should share our excitement about Jesus with our kids. We should share our gratefulness for all Jesus has done for us. We should share our excitement about doing Godโs work. Our children should see our faith in all we do and say.
Taking our kids to church Sunday morning and to Sunday school or youth group once a week is not going to teach our kids the importance of faith in Jesus. Praying openly at meals, at bedtime, when we hear about someone in need, and when a difficult situation happens teaches our kids to rely on Jesus. Reading our Bibles in front of our kids and doing daily devotions (at whatever time works for you, but we do evenings) teaches them the importance of the Scriptures. Acting according to a Biblical worldview and taking the time to explain to our kids the answers to the hard questions when the culture contradicts the Bible. This may mean taking the time to research answers to your kidsโ questions because you donโt know the answer. Being patient with our kids, and even apologizing to them when we fail, teaches them to be humble and to repent. As the old saying goes, โmorals are caught more than taught.โ Also faith in Jesus is caught more than taught.
We need to live Godly lives that are different than the culture, remembering that our children are always watching, even when they are quite young and canโt articulate what they are learning.
We need to actively teach Godโs word. This may be summarizing principles when they are young, but as soon as possible, this should include reading Godโs word to our kids. (My daily reading is usually in an NASB Bible, but it is difficult for a young child to understand with its long, complex sentences, so I recommend something like the NLT Bible for children.)
โNow this is the commandment, the statutes and the judgments which the Lord your God has commanded me to teach you, that you might do them in the land where you are going over to possess it, so that you and your son and your grandson might fear the Lord your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you, all the days of your life, and that your days may be prolonged. (Deuteronomy 6:1-2) {emphasis mine}
We want to share all of our knowledge of God and the Bible with our kids, grandkids, and great grandkids. We want to disciple our kids into strong faith in God and knowledge of the Bible, so they are capable of training their kids and their grandkids. We want to multiply faith in our families.
It is definitely good to have scheduled, intentional times of training our kids about the Bible. This could be part of homeschooling (which I strongly recommend). This could be family devotions, but we want teaching our kids about God to be just a natural part of life.
You shall teach them to your sons, talking of them when you sit in your house and when you walk along the road and when you lie down and when you rise up. (Deuteronomy 11:19)
Talking about what God has done in our lives, what we have learned about in our personal Bible study, and how the Bible relates to things we see in life should all naturally flow out of our interactions together. Talk about what the Bible says about a subject you hear on the news. Talk about what the Bible says about what is happening in a movie you watch. Talk about what the Bible says about the decisions you and your kids are having to make. Talk about what the Bible says about your kidsโ relationship with each other and their friends and parents. God should be a normal part of everything in life.
We also want to make sure our actions donโt drive our kids away from God.
Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. (Ephesians 6:4)
The Bible does not make light of our need to train our kids in faith.
Discipline your son while there is hope, And do not desire his death. (Proverbs 19:18)
This is so important that failure to train up our kids in faith is considered desiring our kidโs death.
God finds this training so critical, He also addresses it from the kidโs point of view and commands them to listen to their parentโs teaching.
My son, give attention to my words;\ Incline your ear to my sayings.\ Do not let them depart from your sight;\ Keep them in the midst of your heart.\ For they are life to those who find them\ And health to all their body.\ Watch over your heart with all diligence,\ For from it flow the springs of life. (Proverbs 4:20-23)
In Proverbs 31, the Bible gives the best explanation of a Godly woman and mother.
She opens her mouth in wisdom,\ And the teaching of kindness is on her tongue.\ She looks well to the ways of her household,\ And does not eat the bread of idleness.\ *Her children rise up and bless her*;\ Her husband also, and he praises her, saying:\ โMany daughters have done nobly,\ But you excel them all.โ (Proverbs 31:26-29)
A Mom should continually โopen her mouth in wisdom,โ and teach kindly. A mother who fulfills this commandment faithfully is promised that โHer children rise up and bless her.โ Being loved and appreciated by our kids is a wonderful blessing, but even greater is knowing that we will see our children with us in heaven.
May God guide you and encourage you as you teach, train, and discipline your kids to know their God, Creator, and Savior.
Trust Jesus.
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@ 57d56d16:458edffd
2025-05-18 19:18:27
Automatic Matrix user creation so ONLY Minecraft players can access, talk and trade outside/with the community.
Moving away from our Discord Server, as that isn't very self sovereign of us :)
https://chat.sovereigncraft.com
========
https://github.com/CappyTech/ServerBridge |
Two-way Matrix chat bridge for Minecraft servers.
ServerBridge enables Spigot/Paper servers to relay chat messages between Minecraft and Matrix rooms in real time. Itโs lightweight, server-focused, and ideal for community coordination, moderation, and cross-platform communication.
https://stacker.news/items/983174
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@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3
2025-05-18 18:47:21
Sloth test
Just a test
Please ignore.
In the lush canopy of a rainforest, Sid the sloth hung lazily from a branch, his mossy fur blending with the leaves. Each day, he nibbled on tender shoots, moving so slowly that ants marched faster. One morning, a curious toucan dropped a shiny berry. Sid, intrigued, reached for it over hours, only to find it was a pebble! Chuckling, he napped, dreaming of sweeter finds. His unhurried life taught the jungle: patience brings its own rewards. (376 characters)
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@ f7d424b5:618c51e8
2025-05-18 18:03:25
GAMERS, Join us for a vicless episode where we talk about AI for a change and how it has been impacting our lives. I promise it's video games related.
Stuff cited:
Obligatory:
- Listen to the new episode here!
- Discuss this episode on OUR NEW FORUM
- Get the RSS and Subscribe (this is a new feed URL, but the old one redirects here too!)
- Get a modern podcast app to use that RSS feed on at newpodcastapps.com
- Or listen to the show on the forum using the embedded Podverse player!
- Send your complaints here
Reminder that this is a Value4Value podcast so any support you can give us via a modern podcasting app is greatly appreciated and we will never bow to corporate sponsors!
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@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4
2025-05-18 16:50:03
https://image.nostr.build/880accf7ac313c506140d43a3ac1ac212403723371dbca811fa64ed3a090c59a.jpg
DTails รฉ uma ferramenta que facilita a inclusรฃo de aplicativos em imagens de sistemas live baseados em Debian, como o Tails. Com ela, vocรช pode personalizar sua imagem adicionando os softwares que realmente precisa โ tudo de forma simples, transparente e sob seu controle total.
โ ๏ธ DTails nรฃo รฉ uma distribuiรงรฃo. ร uma ferramenta de remasterizaรงรฃo de imagens live.
Ela permite incluir softwares como:
โ SimpleX Chat โ Clientes Nostr Web (Snort & Iris) โ Sparrow Wallet โ Feather Wallet โ Cake Wallet โ RoboSats โ Bisq โ BIP39 (Ian Coleman) โ SeedTool ... e muito mais. https://image.nostr.build/b0bb1f0da5a9a8fee42eacbddb156fc3558f4c3804575d55eeefbe6870ac223e.jpg
Importante: os binรกrios originais dos aplicativos nรฃo sรฃo modificados, garantindo total transparรชncia e permitindo a verificaรงรฃo de hashes a qualquer momento.
๐จโ๐ป Desenvolvido por: nostr:npub1dtmp3wrkyqafghjgwyk88mxvulfncc9lg6ppv4laet5cun66jtwqqpgte6
GitHub: https://github.com/DesobedienteTecnologico/dtails?tab=readme-ov-file
๐ฏ Controle total do que serรก instalado
Com o DTails, vocรช escolhe exatamente o que deseja incluir na imagem personalizada. Se nรฃo marcar um aplicativo, ele nรฃo serรก adicionado, mesmo que esteja disponรญvel. Isso significa: privacidade, leveza e controle absoluto.
https://image.nostr.build/b0bb1f0da5a9a8fee42eacbddb156fc3558f4c3804575d55eeefbe6870ac223e.jpg https://image.nostr.build/b70ed11ad2ce0f14fd01d62c08998dc18e3f27733c8d7e968f3459846fb81baf.jpg https://image.nostr.build/4f5a904218c1ea6538be5b3f764eefda95edd8f88b2f42ac46b9ae420b35e6f6.jpg
โ๏ธ Comeรงando com o DTails
๐ฆ Requisitos de pacotes
Antes de tudo, instale os seguintes pacotes no Debian:
``` sudo apt-get install genisoimage parted squashfs-tools syslinux-utils build-essential python3-tk python3-pil.imagetk python3-pyudev
```
๐ Passo a passo
1 Clone o repositรณrio:
``` git clone https://github.com/DesobedienteTecnologico/dtails cd dtails
```
2 Inicie a interface grรกfica com sudo:
``` sudo ./dtails.py
```
Por que usar sudo? ร necessรกrio para montar arquivos .iso ou .img e utilizar ferramentas essenciais do sistema.
๐ฟ Selecione a imagem Tails que deseja modificar
https://nostr.download/e3143dcd72ab6dcc86228be04d53131ccf33d599a5f7f2f1a5c0d193557dac6b.jpg
๐ฅ Adicione ou remova pacotes
1 Marque os aplicativos desejados. 2 Clique Buildld para gerar sua imagem personalizada. https://image.nostr.build/5c4db03fe33cd53d06845074d03888a3ca89c3e29b2dc1afed4d9d181489b771.png
Vocรช pode acompanhar todo o processo diretamente no terminal. https://nostr.download/1d959f4be4de9fbb666ada870afee4a922fb5e96ef296c4408058ec33cd657a8.jpg
๐ฝ .ISO vs .IMG โ Qual escolher?
| Formato | Persistรชncia | Observaรงรตes | | ------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | | .iso | โ Nรฃo tem persistรชncia | Gera o arquivo DTails.iso na pasta do projeto | | .img | โ Suporta persistรชncia | Permite gravar diretamente em um pendrive |
https://nostr.download/587fa3956df47a38b169619f63c559928e6410c3dd0d99361770a8716b3691f6.jpg https://nostr.download/40c7c5badba765968a1004ebc67c63a28b9ae3b5801addb02166b071f970659f.jpg
vรญdeo
https://www.youtube.com/live/QABz-GOeQ68?si=eYX-AHsolbp_OmAm
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-18 16:24:01
First, the caveat: Yes, I understand that there's a consistent libertarian case for free trade as a policy position.
With all the discourse around tariffs, I wanted to highlight something of a moral oddity in the arguments being used by many free trade libertarians (I am a free trade libertarian, btw): namely, the idea that we (Americans) should happily take advantage of subsidized exports from poorer countries.
I do agree with the economics of the argument: By subsidizing exports, other countries are imposing a deadweight loss on themselves and passing savings along to US consumers.
Why are libertarians celebrating this, though? Poor, oppressed foreigners are being stolen from by their authoritarian governments and American consumers are benefiting from it financially. Thinking this is a good situation is odd and thinking you have a right to take part in it is even stranger.
Libertarians certainly understand that subsidies are wrong and economically harmful, and that they benefit a select group of politically connected cronies. Nothing about that changes just because it's happening in a foreign country and your grocery bill benefits from it.
Saying "That's how they run their country. It's none of our business." is a plea to moral relativism, which libertarians generally avoid. Libertarians also usually understand that the "they" who rule is not the same as the "they" who are ruled. Is it just too uncomfortable to acknowledge being the beneficiary of abuse?
I can't help but draw parallels to the abolitionists of two hundred years ago, who refused to buy the products of slaves. I think they're mostly viewed as having been "on the right side of history", but they're probably on the "wrong" side of most "free trade" arguments. Another of those arguments being that it doesn't help the poor oppressed foreigner to stop doing business with their oppressor (yes, many lefties get all mixed up about who the oppressors are).
Anyway, I have no brilliant conclusion to offer. What do you all think?
https://stacker.news/items/983054
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@ 998034a6:27d87b27
2025-05-18 16:19:25
Jo, blomster kommer i alle farger og fasonger. Her har du to eksempler:
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@ 998034a6:27d87b27
2025-05-18 16:19:23
Skjรธnner du? Bare tekst.
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@ 998034a6:27d87b27
2025-05-18 16:19:22
TEST TEST TEST Her kommer bildene:
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@ 15aee60a:af83839e
2025-05-18 16:18:53
Jo, blomster kommer i alle farger og fasonger. Her har du to eksempler:
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@ 15aee60a:af83839e
2025-05-18 16:18:52
Skjรธnner du? Bare tekst.
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@ 15aee60a:af83839e
2025-05-18 16:18:50
TEST TEST TEST Her kommer bildene:
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@ a5ee4475:2ca75401
2025-05-18 16:07:07
ai #artificial #intelligence #english #tech
Open Source
Models
Text
Image
- SDAI FOSS - Stable Diffusion AI to Android [download] [source] ๐ค
- Stable Diffusion - Text to image [source] ๐
- Pixart Alpha - Photorealistic Text to Image Generation [source]
- Pixart Delta - Framework to Pixart Alpha [paper] [source]
- Pixart Sigma - 4K Text to Image Generation [source]
- OmniGen - Pompt, image or subject to image [source]
- Pigallery - Self-Hosted AI Image Generator [source]
Video
Tools
Lightning Based
- Animal Sunset - AI video generation with Nostr npub by lightning payments [source]
- Ai Rand - AI text generation with Pubky DNS by lightning payments [source]
- PlebAI - Text and Image generation without signup [source] ๐๐ค๐ [sites down - only github available]
Others
- HuggingFace - Test and collaborate on models, datasets and apps. [source]
- DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source]
- Ollama - Run LLMs Locally [source]
- DreamStudio - Stable Diffusionโs Web App Tool [info] [source]
- Prompt Gallery - AI images with their prompts [source]
Closed Source
Models
Text
- ChatGPT
- Claude
- Gemini
- Copilot
- Maritalk - Text AI in Portuguese focused on Brazil with model Sabia-3 and the open source models Sabia-7b and Sabia-2 [source]
- Amazรดnia IA - Text AI in Portuguese focused on Brazil with the guara, hapia and golia models [source]
Image
Video
- Minimax - Realistic videos (prompts only in chinese)
Tools
Other index: Amazing AI
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-18 14:42:48
What do we mean when we talk about "fitness"? The word implies a connection to a higher purpose: "Fitness for what?"
Biologically, "fitness" refers to the propensity of an organism to pass on it's genes. Biological fitness is clearly context dependent: i.e. an anaconda isn't so fit if it gets moved to the arctic. I think we can build on that, while making it more human.
I think of fitness as our capacity to thrive in our environment. That's going to be different for each of us, depending on our environment and our preferences. However, there are some useful implications of thinking of fitness this way: 1. Chores, errands, work, play, and family activities might be the best kind of exercise, since they are physical activities that are directly tied to your lifestyle. 2. Supplemental exercise should be geared towards your lifestyle and improving your ability to accomplish things you need to be able to do. 3. There's no such thing as a universal "best exercise" or "best diet", because we all have different fitness objectives. 4. "Fitness" is not static: We do different things and have different priorities at different points in our lives, so our fitness goals should change over time. Many of us will even have seasonal fitness changes, since we don't do the same things in winter as we do in summer.
How do you all think about "fitness"?
Is it a highfalutin ivory tower concept or is it just ABs?
https://stacker.news/items/982981
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@ 4c191b5d:c42abba6
2025-05-18 14:42:00
Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Poppers Toleranzparadoxon
Vor kurzem wurde in einer Diskussion wieder argumentiert, man dรผrfte nicht tolerant sein mit Verweis auf Poppers Toleranzparadox.
Vielleicht habt ihr dieses Argument in Bezug auf unterschiedliche Themen (Corona, Krieg, Klima, Energie) auch schon gehรถrt. Bei mir lรถst diese Forderung ein deutliches Stรถrgefรผhl aus, da genau dieses Argument dafรผr genutzt wird, um die eigene Position zu verteidigen und andere auszugrenzen. Ich habe dies zum Anlass genommen, und mich intensiver mit der Frage beschรคftigt, warum Popper irrte oder Menschen ihn falsch verstehen.
Denn ich begegne Immer wieder dem Argument, dass man nicht zu tolerant sein dรผrfe, um unsere Gesellschaft vor Intoleranz zu schรผtzen. Dieses Argument stรผtzt sich hรคufig auf Karl Poppers Toleranzparadoxon, das besagt, dass uneingeschrรคnkte Toleranz gegenรผber Intoleranz letztlich die Zerstรถrung einer toleranten Gesellschaft ermรถglicht. Doch je mehr ich darรผber nachdenke, desto mehr fallen mir problematische Aspekte dieses Konzepts auf.
Die menschliche Konfliktfรคhigkeit und Glasls Konfliktdynamik
Menschen sind von Natur aus emotionale Wesen, und unsere Fรคhigkeit, Konflikte konstruktiv zu lรถsen, ist oft begrenzt. Der Konfliktforscher Friedrich Glasl hat mit seinem Modell der neun Eskalationsstufen gezeigt, wie Konflikte schleichend von einer sachlichen Meinungsverschiedenheit zu einer destruktiven Auseinandersetzung eskalieren kรถnnen.
In den frรผhen Stufen sind wir vielleicht noch in der Lage, rational zu diskutieren und Lรถsungen zu finden. Aber sobald Emotionen ins Spiel kommen, fรคllt es uns schwer, zwischen Beobachtung und Bewertung zu unterscheiden. Wir nehmen Kritik persรถnlich, fรผhlen uns angegriffen und reagieren defensiv. Diese Dynamik kann dazu fรผhren, dass wir uns in unseren Positionen verhรคrten und der Konflikt weiter eskaliert.
Wenn wir nun Poppers Paradoxon anwenden und Intoleranz nicht tolerieren, riskieren wir, diesen Eskalationsprozess zu beschleunigen. Anstatt Brรผcken zu bauen, reissen wir sie ein. Wir schliessen Menschen aus dem Dialog aus und nehmen ihnen die Mรถglichkeit, ihre Sichtweisen zu รผberdenken.
Wer bestimmt, was intolerant ist? Wer hat das Recht zu entscheiden, was als intolerant gilt und was nicht?
Ein zentrales Problem ist die Frage der Definitionsmacht. Unsere Wahrnehmung ist subjektiv, geprรคgt von persรถnlichen Erfahrungen, kulturellem Hintergrund und gesellschaftlichen Normen. Wenn jeder fรผr sich beansprucht, die richtige Definition von Toleranz und Intoleranz zu kennen, entsteht ein gefรคhrliches Machtgefรคlle. Gruppen kรถnnten ihre eigenen Ansichten als Massstab setzen und abweichende Meinungen als intolerant brandmarken. Dies รถffnet Tรผr und Tor fรผr Willkรผr und Unterdrรผckung von Minderheitenmeinungen.
Die Gefahr gegenseitiger Beschuldigungen
In meinen Begegnungen habe ich oft erlebt, wie schnell Diskussionen eskalieren kรถnnen, wenn beide Seiten sich gegenseitig der Intoleranz beschuldigen. Es entsteht ein Teufelskreis: Jede Partei sieht sich im Recht und die andere im Unrecht. Laut Glasls Konfliktdynamik verschรคrft sich der Konflikt, je mehr die Kommunikation abbricht und Feindbilder aufgebaut werden.
Anstatt den Konflikt zu lรถsen, vertiefen sich die Grรคben. Die Bereitschaft zum Zuhรถren schwindet, Vorurteile verfestigen sich, und es entsteht eine Spirale der Eskalation, die schwer zu durchbrechen ist.
Unrealistische Annahmen รผber menschliches Verhalten
Poppers Paradoxon setzt voraus, dass Menschen in der Lage sind, ihre Emotionen zu kontrollieren und stets rational zu handeln. Doch sind wir ehrlich: Wie oft gelingt uns das wirklich? In hitzigen Debatten kochen die Emotionen hoch, und selbst die besten Argumente prallen ab.
Die Erwartung, dass wir immer sachlich bleiben kรถnnen, ignoriert die Komplexitรคt menschlicher Interaktionen. Wir sind keine Maschinen, sondern von Gefรผhlen geleitete Wesen. Diese Realitรคt muss in Betracht gezogen werden, wenn wir รผber Toleranz und Intoleranz diskutieren.
Ein Plรคdoyer fรผr Dialog und Verstรคndnis
Anstatt Intoleranz mit Intoleranz zu begegnen, sollten wir uns bemรผhen, den Dialog zu suchen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass wir hasserfรผllte oder menschenfeindliche รusserungen akzeptieren mรผssen. Aber wir sollten versuchen, die Ursachen solcher Einstellungen zu verstehen und durch Aufklรคrung und Bildung entgegenzuwirken.
Durch offene Gesprรคche kรถnnen Vorurteile abgebaut und Missverstรคndnisse geklรคrt werden. Es geht darum, Brรผcken zu bauen, anstatt Mauern zu errichten. Nur so kรถnnen wir langfristig eine wirklich tolerante Gesellschaft fรถrdern.
Fazit
Poppers Toleranzparadoxon wirft wichtige Fragen auf, doch seine praktische Anwendung ist mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Die menschliche Neigung zur Eskalation von Konflikten, wie von Glasl beschrieben, sowie die subjektive Wahrnehmung von Intoleranz erschweren eine klare Umsetzung.
Wir sollten uns darauf konzentrieren, die Konfliktfรคhigkeit der Menschen zu stรคrken und Rรคume fรผr konstruktive Auseinandersetzungen zu schaffen. Toleranz bedeutet nicht, alles hinzunehmen, sondern offen fรผr andere Sichtweisen zu sein und gemeinsam nach Lรถsungen zu suchen.
In einer Welt, in der mir immer wieder das Argument begegnet, man dรผrfe nicht zu tolerant sein, plรคdiere ich dafรผr, dass wir unsere Definition von Toleranz รผberdenken. Es geht nicht um Nachgiebigkeit gegenรผber Intoleranz, sondern um den mutigen Schritt, aufeinander zuzugehen und den Dialog zu suchen. Nur so kรถnnen wir verhindern, dass wir in die Fallen der Eskalation tappen und die Werte verlieren, die unsere Gesellschaft ausmachen.
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@ fbe736db:187bb0d5
2025-05-18 14:25:49
This article was published in November 2024 by the Bitcoin Collective and is best viewed here for images
Ssssh. Did you hear that? In their recent Q3 2024 earnings call MicroStrategy (NSQ:MSTR) announced plans to buy a further $42 billion worth of Bitcoin over the next 3 calendar years. Here are some reflections on where MicroStrategy has come from, and where they are going.
From the beginning
Letโs rewind as to how we got here. Microstrategy is a business intelligence software company originally founded by Michael Saylor in 1989.
They started acquiring Bitcoin in Q3 2020, firstly via their cash reserves on the balance sheet. This was soon followed by debt issuance (mainly in the form of convertible debt), and has in more recent years been followed by issuing further MSTR equity into the market, alongside yet more convertible debt issuance.
Nearly all the proceeds have gone towards buying bitcoin. As can be seen on the chart below, they have managed to steadily grow these holdings, albeit this growth visibly slowed in the last bear market.
[p13 of Q3 2024 Earnings Presentation. Please note - all screenshots from this article come from the slide deck accompanying the recent MSTR Q3 earnings presentation, which can be viewed by clicking here]
MSTR now holds well over 1% of all the Bitcoin that will ever exist. With Bitcoin nearing all time highs again, this Bitcoin is worth around $18.3bn at the time of writing, and has an average purchase cost of around $9.9bn.
This has led to a spectacular share price performance, unmatched in the entire S&P 500 since August 2020.
[p23 of Q3 2024 Earnings Presentation]
It was not always this way. When I wrote this article in July 2022, MSTR was firmly in the red and sitting on unrealised bitcoin losses of $1.4bn. A search for Michael Saylor on Twitter back then auto-completed to โMichael Saylor liquidatedโ.
Rumours of imminent demise were always unfounded since the debt was of long enough term, and with the exception of a small proportion, could not be margin called.
A developing strategy
Whatโs interesting about MicroStrategy since then is their developing vision as to how to add Bitcoin to their balance sheet and more value to shareholders. This is especially in terms of outperforming BTC and achieving what they define as a โpositive BTC yieldโ โ not yield in a conventional sense but a measure of increasing the number of bitcoin held per assumed diluted shares outstanding.
The concept of MSTR outperforming bitcoin is interesting to me, as Iโve previously suggested attempting to value MSTR stock as priced in bitcoin rather than dollars. This then begs the question of whether an investment of bitcoin into MSTR shares will positively perform in bitcoin terms over time.
This valuation is very difficult by its nature, but can broadly be done by adding the bitcoin they currently hold on their balance sheet with an estimate of all the bitcoin they may ever acquire in the future, plus an allowance for other factors such as debt.
The landscape has shifted over this period, with Michael Saylor admitting that their strategy has evolved over time. The vital point that I missed when considering how MSTR might acquire more bitcoin in the future was their ability to issue considerable amounts of new equity into the market and achieve two things in doing so:
i) increasing bitcoin held per share of existing shareholders
ii) strengthen their balance sheet to take on more debt (since further debt issued would be a smaller proportion of their overall balance sheet).
โBut where does the (btc) yield come from?โ
This is not yield in the conventional sense, but nor is it Terra Luna. Firstly, this could come from profits from the business, which are relatively small. More relevantly, letโs consider how both the capital raises from debt and equity have served to increase the bitcoin held per share.
1. Equity โat the moneyโ offerings
Much has been made of MSTRโs market cap (i.e. the overall value of the shares) trading above โNet Asset Valueโ (NAV) โ which is essentially the value of their current bitcoin holdings plus the value of the conventional business, less debt. A multiple approach is used to describe how far above or below NAV this might be.
At the time of writing, the MSTR market cap stands at around $50bn and the value of their bitcoin holdings at $18bn. Given the conventional MSTR business is relatively small, itโs easy to see how this is approaching a multiple of 3x NAV.
If the share price is $240 and the net asset value is only $80 per share, MSTR can then issue more equity at $240, buy more bitcoin with this, and by doing so increase the bitcoin per share of existing shareholders. Whatโs more, they can keep doing this as long as the share price remains high. As shown above, MSTR has coined the term โBTC yieldโ to measure how well they are performing at increasing bitcoin held per share.
2. Convertible Debt
This also generally serves to increase bitcoin held per share. To consider how, letโs consider one of the previous convertible debt offerings โ those due in 2028 โ works in practice
Amount borrowed โ $1,010m
Annual interest rate payable โ 0.625%
Conversion price โ $183.2
As can see MSTR pays a very low interest rate, as most of the value of the bond is in the potential convertibility to MSTR equity at a price of $183.2. Ultimately there is a binary situation here โ either the share price is above that level and they end up issuing more equity at that price, or itโs below, and they end up having simply borrowed money at a very low interest rate.
The crucial point is that the convertible bond conversion price is typically set at a premium of at least 30% to the current market share price, whilst MSTR are buying bitcoin at the outset with the bond proceeds.
Hence if all of this debt converts to equity (and all debt looks like it will at present โ see slide below), they are typically managing to increase the BTC held per share for existing shareholders.
This is because in this example when the bonds are converted to shares at $183.2, this is done at a premium to the prior share price (letโs say for illustration it was $140) at which MSTR initially issued the debt and converted the borrowing proceeds to bitcoin.
[p16 of Q3 2024 Earnings Presentation]
It is these combined activities that have led to an impressive bitcoin yield of 17.8% for the year to date 2024, and leads to questions for how long this financial alchemy can continue. Some bitcoiners, such as the Quant Bros duo and True North* group (see both here) have spoken of a flywheel effect โ the more Bitcoin MSTR can acquire and the higher the bitcoin per share metric goes, the higher the share price, which in turn increases their ability to issue yet more equity and debt to buy more bitcoin and further increase bitcoin per share.
*Side note โ Michael Saylor used the phrase โTrue Northโ on the Earnings Call; likely not accidental.
One answer to how long this can continue is โ as long as the equity and debt markets still show an appetite for snapping up the new debt and equity issuance, even if the share price is high. Michael Saylor characterises it as the beginning of the adoption of Bitcoin as digital capital for these markets, and MSTR constitutes the easiest exposure. They have established a monopoly of sorts โ whilst it would feasibly be possible for a large company to catch them in Bitcoin held, it would still have a smaller proportion of its business exposed to Bitcoin than MSTR.
[p21 of Q3 2024 Earnings Presentation]
Volatility is vitality
Michael Saylor is very clear in this earnings call and other interviews that MicroStrategyโs share volatility is a feature and not a bug. It is more volatile than any other S&P stock. As can be seen below, the recent daily trading volume only trails to the very biggest companies in the S&P 500.
Saylor embraces this volatility. It is what gives the optionality component of their convertible debt its value, and allows the interest rate payable to be lower. In addition, when the share price is high MSTR can issue more equity and increase bitcoin per share.
The Earnings presentation makes reference to several different forms of Bitcoin exposure that MSTR can offer to the market now and in the future.
[p27 of Q3 2024 Earnings Presentation]
The MSTR โTrue Northโ Principles
The Q3 Earnings call saw the following principles outlined for the first time. The message is clear to the market โ do not conflate the dollar volatility of MSTRโs share price with the nature of their Bitcoin principles, which (perhaps analogous to the Bitcoin protocol itself) are intended to be rock solid and consistent. In addition, Saylor cleared up one source of speculation โ MSTR will not be seeking to purchase other companies to add to its potential for generating free cash flows to invest into Bitcoin.
[p34 of Q3 2024 Earnings Presentation]
Canโt stop, wonโt stop
The Earnings call contained an ambitious plan to raise $42bn more capital over the next 3 calendar years. This would be $21bn worth of equity, by selling new shares into the market (known as an โat the moneyโ equity option), and $21bn worth of fixed income debt. This was split as $10bn in 2025, $14bn in 2026 and $18bn in 2027.
There is no doubting the scale of this ambition โ to date MSTR have issued in total around $4.3bn in convertible debt and $4.3bn in terms of issued equity.
One key point is clear in line with the principles listed above. Whilst Saylor wants to raise Capital at opportune times to best benefit shareholders in the long term and to achieve what he terms โintelligent leverageโ, he doesnโt try and time his bitcoin buys.
Moreover, he is likely also not bothered that selling so much further equity into the market may not always benefit the share price in the short term.
[p33 of Q3 2024 Earnings Presentation]
Turning up the volume, but is anyone listening?
With this announcement of $42bn to come over the next 3 years, there is no end in sight with respect to MSTRโs thirst for further Bitcoin purchases.
And yet, there was little in the media around the announcement, and despite the share price performance topping the entire S&P 500 over the past 4 years, MicroStrategy sits nowhere on Google Trends in comparison to Bitcoin:
[Source: https://trends.google.co.uk/trends/explore?q=bitcoin,microstrategy&hl=en-GB]
For now, this is no Gamestop. Thereโs no huge amount of short interest, and the fabled retail crowds are nowhere to be seen. One thingโs for sure though. Buckle up.
Please get in touch with your thoughts and feedback.
-
@ fbe736db:187bb0d5
2025-05-18 14:23:22
This article was first published in July 2024 (and is best viewed) in the Bitcoin Collective here
Simon Sinek asks in his book โThe Infinite Gameโ why more companies donโt operate with an infinite rather than a finite mindset. One main reason he misses, of course, is the money. The good news is thereโs a new infinite game in town.
In โThe Infinite Gameโ, Simon Sinek argues that great leaders set up their organisations to succeed beyond their own lifetimes. By recognising and positioning their business with an infinite rather than a finite mindset, they can engender greater trust throughout their employees and also build more resilience into their business. Their companies can also remain true to themselves and their mission, whatever that may be.
Sinek outlines that unfortunately we have entered an age of general subservience from leaders to their shareholders, and a slavery to the balance sheet and short term, โfiniteโ, accounting and strategy. This generally leads to a decline of loyalty and engagement amongst customers and an increase in insecurity and anxiety amongst employees.
Thereโs plenty to agree with here in general terms. With that said, Sinek fails to identify one of the largest causes of the issues he identifies, which is the money. The book lays the blame on a watershed article from 1970 in which Milton Friedman laid out that โthere is one and only one social responsibility of business, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game.โ This is noted in the book as a turning point from the original ideas of Adam Smith, for whom the consumer was king, but I couldnโt help but wonder if anything else happened in the early 70s, such as Nixon cancelling the convertibility of dollars into gold in 1971. (see also โ https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/).
Sinek bemoans the short term nature of companies since that point, but doesnโt consider how the nature of money has shaped this; surely a much more omnipresent and powerful factor than the writings of Milton Friedman. For the average bitcoiner this may be relatively self evident, but letโs consider the motives of the leadership under a system in which the underlying money cannot hold itโs value and in which credit is artificially priced. Incentives abound โ one to laden the company with debt (which all else will likely diminish in real terms over time versus company assets and earnings), acquire other businesses and grow as big as possible in the process. Other options such as share buybacks also reflect short term incentives. Shareholders are going to place their own high short term demands on companies in a world where it is hard to outrun monetary debasement.
What of new businesses? When a new private entity is formed, the business plan is written, agreement on its viability is formed, strategy is set, tactics are agreed and then the first question posed by external stakeholders or posed to the majority shareholders is โwhat is your exit strategyโ. Small successful businesses are expected to have a 3-5 year plan, private equity is usually a 3-5 year plan, and the successful larger companies with a longer trajectory also tend to swallow up the smaller successful companies (easier access to debt). With such incentives, itโs no wonder that we tend to see certain outcomes. There are obvious agency problems the larger a company gets, and they are more likely to fail to adhere to an infinite game principle. Smaller companies are forever at risk of getting swallowed up by larger ones.
So how does Bitcoin come into this? In my view, in two ways:
1. Bitcoin is an infinite game within itself
This is one of the subtle but crucial differences that splits Bitcoin sceptics and bitcoiners, and then dominates their onward arguments. If interpreted as a finite game, Bitcoin is for gambling, for speculation, it will have an end, and will be defined by winners and losers. Just the other day, this article framed it as such with the following line โ โWhether Bitcoin is rising or falling, or who is buying or not buying it, nothing alters a basic fact: that Bitcoin is a classic zero-sum game. Large numbers of people can make vast paper fortunes by bidding up the price, but they cannot all realise those fortunes, because if everyone sells out the price collapses to zero. In that situation, those who were quick to sell would become rich at the expense of those who were slow to sell.โ
Herein lies the problem for this criticism. As far as I can possibly ascertain right now, Bitcoin doesnโt end. Plenty might treat it as a finite game (and dismiss it as a ponzi, or try and trade it), but that treatment is a one way journey, and once you see Bitcoin as an infinite game there is little going back.
Going back to the book, letโs consider the โjust causeโ that Sinek says all businesses should have. According to Sinek, a just cause defines โthe world we hope to live in and will commit to help build. It is the just cause that we are working to advance that gives our work and lives meaning. We know a cause is just when we commit to it with the confidence that others will carry on our legacy.โ There are criteria listed too โ a just cause must be โinclusive, service orientated, resilient, and idealistic.โ Bitcoin surely fulfils these. On the ideology point, Michael Saylor articulated this well when dismissing altcoins in comparison to Bitcoin on the What Is Money podcast โ
โIf you really want a crypto to be successful over 100 years, the technology is only a part of it, right? Itโs the ideology paired with the technology. And youโre gonna have to have an ideology that is so pure and so straightforward that people will fight to the death to defend the ideology. And thatโs why Iโm probably not gonna sacrifice my life for the 13th iteration on smart contracts. Itโs not that important. On the other hand, if you tell me that weโre about to suck all of the economic energy out of the civilization and plunge ourselves into the Dark Ages, then I think Iโll fight for it. Thatโs worth fighting for.โ
Michael Saylor โ What is Money Show Episode 8
2. Bitcoin on balance sheets
Any business embracing Bitcoin on its balance sheet will automatically be closer to playing an infinite game itself, and letโs consider why. For starters, any shareholders will likely be holding equity with one opportunity cost being a holding of an equivalent amount of Bitcoin instead. This in itself will give them a low time preference mindset, which should transfer onto the company. Secondly, the act of having Bitcoin on the balance sheet provides a very simple yet iron clad discipline upon the company. One goal in broad terms is to grow that Bitcoin balance sheet over time, and they can only achieve that by being profitable. If they are not, they will find that Bitcoin balance dwindling over time instead. Though conventional businesses do broadly have the same need to be profitable, the Bitcoin example is quite different from a business with requirements to service debt, which may carry much shorter term deadlines for payment. In conclusion, companies looking to grow their Bitcoin holdings on a balance sheet are far more likely to buy into an infinite game mindset.
There are examples of infinite minded leaders out there, of course. Elon Musk is perhaps the most relevant in the present day, given Tesla and SpaceX have lofty long term ideals far removed from satisfying shareholders. Steve Jobs is another obvious one, and Sinek quotes an anecdote about sharing a cab with a senior Apple executive and telling him that the latest Microsoft Zune product (mp3 player at the time) was so much better than the Ipod touch. The executive smiled politely and was unfazed โ tellingly, Apple werenโt worried about competitors in the short term due to their infinite mindset in making great & innovative products. Fast forward to today and there is evidence that Apple arenโt playing the infinite game that they used to. Take for example the recent news that Apple is plugging in Open AI into the iPhone. This doesnโt feel like the same ethos of a company who famously told us to โThink differentโ under Steve Jobs.
In conclusion, thereโs plenty of decent ideas in the text and he articulates the issues well. However, due to failing to identify probably the main cause of the problem, Sinek doesnโt quite nail the call to arms for leaders to embrace an infinite game. Add in Bitcoin though, and the time preference of companies and their shareholders would vastly decrease and an infinite game mindset would come naturally.
One final thought โ Sinek opens by looking back to the Vietnam war. Despite their vastly superior army and losing far fewer men, the US still lost the war. The reason being โ it was an example of a finite mindset (thinking there would be a simple beginning and end) coming up against an infinite game and an enemy with an infinite mindset. The USA had comparatively infinite resources, infinite money, but a finite purpose & ideology when it came to the war. By contrast the Vietnamese, as one of their foreign ministry specialists was quoted as saying, were fighting for their independence and had already been doing so for thousands of years.
As far as Bitcoin is concerned, it might be said that companies who adopt a Bitcoin strategy are playing an infinite game with a non-debt based money of finite supply, and the competition are playing a finite game with an infinite supply of debt-based money.
This is a guest blog by Bitcoin Actuary / BitcoinActuary@BitcoinNostr.com. Thanks go to @btconlyscott for early comments/suggestions on this article.
This article is for information and education purposes only and is not intended as promotional material in any respect. All posts are the opinion of the author and should not be construed as investment advice and the opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of The Bitcoin Collective Ltd.
-
@ 91117f2b:111207d6
2025-05-18 14:01:50
Depression is a complex and often misunderstood mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is more than just a feeling of sadness or seeing things blue, it is a serious illness that can impact every aspect of a person's life.
WHAT IS DEPRESSION? Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, lost of interest in activities, hopelessness. It can cause physical symptoms like sleep disturbance, overthinking, lost of appetite and so much more.
THE CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS Depression can be triggered by many things, like a combination of generic, physiological and environmental factors. Some of the popular caused factors: 1. Traumatic events or stress 2. Social isolation or loneliness 3. Medical conditions
BREAKING THE SILENCE Depression is often stigmatized, causing may people to suffer in silence without reaching out for help. It is very essential to create supportive environment, where people feel save disclosing their feelings and their struggles
SEEKING HELP
If you know anyone who is struggling with depression, there is always hope. They are treatment options like therapy, medications or lifestyle change can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life. And if the person doesn't want to open up to other people, try to make yourself available for him/her.
YOU ARE NOT ALONE
Depression is a treatable condition and recovery is possible. And the first step to break free is to seek help,and in process claiming your life.
And remember you are not and will never be alone.
-
@ 91117f2b:111207d6
2025-05-18 13:27:48
Introverts are individuals who enjoy being alone rather than being being in crowds or peer groups. They are the personality types that feel secure and can focus in quieter places with low-key environments.
Introverts may prefer smaller or more intimate or one to one interaction rather than public spaces. They feel drained in excessive social gathering. They also tend to over think about their thoughts and feelings.
Being an introvert doesn't mean you are shy, we just prefer quieter environment to express how we feel deep down.
FACTS ABOUT SOME INTROVERTS Introverts may seem boring, or depressed as some may call it, because they are anti-social, but they actually value meaningful relationships and interactions, but may prefer to to engage in them on their own terms.
Introverts are one of the funniest most playful type of people to talk to. It seems weird right,how are Introverts cheerful, the can express ourselves freely only when we feel comfortable in an environment.
if you get to know us well, you will see know that we aren't so depressing as we may seem.
CHALLENGES ABOUT BEING AN INTROVERT
Introverts find it stressful and hard to communicate effectively in a more extroverted environment. So when put under pressure we tend to freeze or blackout.
Introverts has different energy capacity, which means we sometimes processes things a little slower than usual to avoid burnout.
Introverts never say how they really feel, especially if you hurt me in particular . I just go on about my day with pain. We tend to endure pain without saying a word to anyone, and no one notices us to show care.
Introverts processes things in different ways, me personally I process things differently, when I am in my head, I tend to listen to music ๐ถ, it helps make me feel alive and happy in some ways. While others may prefer movie night alone, whichever helps they go for it.
BEING AN INTROVERT ISN'T A BAD THING Here are some advantages
DEEP THINKING AND REFLECTION This is because we introvert can focus on complex problem and find innovative answers.
INDEPENDENCE AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY 1. Introverts have enough time to reflect on their thoughts and ideas before acting on it. Introverts can rely on their own regardless if other people try to bring us down.
- Introverts can work independently and make decision without needing external validation.
OBSERVATION SKILL 1. Introverts often notice subtle details that others might miss.
- Introverts can analyze situation and identify opportunities.
-
@ c230edd3:8ad4a712
2025-05-18 12:47:07
Out of the night that covers me,
Black as the Pit from pole to pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
For my unconquerable soul.
In the fell clutch of circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud.
Under the bludgeonings of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.
Beyond this place of wrath and tears
Looms but the Horror of the shade,
And yet the menace of the years
Finds, and shall find, me unafraid.
It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll,
I am the master of my fate:
I am the captain of my soul.
-
@ 75f00a4a:78cb6425
2025-05-18 12:08:15
Do you like my code?
-
@ 8576ca0e:621f735e
2025-05-18 11:35:49
In the ever evolving landscape of social media, a new contender has emerged, seeking to redefine how we connect and interact online. YakiHonne, a mobile application built upon the innovative Nostr protocol, isn't just another platform vying for your attention. It represents a bold step towards decentralized social networking, seamlessly integrating the power of Bitcoin's Lightning Network into its very core.
Imagine a social space free from the control of centralized entities, where your data belongs to you, and where value can flow as freely as information. This is the vision YakiHonne is striving to realize. By leveraging the open and censorship-resistant nature of Nostr, it offers a refreshing alternative to the traditional social media giants.
1.The Power of Decentralization: A Foundation Built on Nostr
At its heart, YakiHonne is powered by Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays). 2 .Unlike conventional platforms that rely on a central server, Nostr operates on a network of independent relays. 3 .This decentralized architecture offers several key advantages:
โข Censorship Resistance: No single entity can easily censor or shut down the network. Your posts and interactions are distributed across multiple relays.
โข Data Ownership: Your data isn't locked away in a corporate database. You control your private keys, granting you greater autonomy over your information.
โข Open and Extensible: The open nature of the protocol allows for innovation and the development of diverse clients and applications, fostering a vibrant ecosystem.
4 .YakiHonne acts as a user-friendly gateway to this decentralized world, providing an intuitive mobile interface to interact with the Nostr network.
5 .Zaps: Where Social Interaction Meets Bitcoin
What truly sets YakiHonne apart is its deep integration of Bitcoin payments through the Lightning Network, often referred to as "zaps." This isn't just a tacked on feature; it's woven into the fabric of social interaction.
โข Show Appreciation: Found a post insightful, funny, or valuable? You can instantly send a small amount of Bitcoin as a "zap" to show your appreciation directly to the creator.
โข Monetize Content: Creators can earn Bitcoin for their contributions, fostering a more sustainable model for online content generation.
โข Seamless Transactions: Lightning Network enables near instant and low fee Bitcoin transactions, making zapping a practical and frictionless experience.
6 .This innovative integration transforms social interactions into potential value exchanges, creating new dynamics between creators and their audience.
Beyond the Basics: Features for Content and Connection
YakiHonne isn't solely focused on Bitcoin. It provides a robust set of features for creating, sharing, and discovering content:
โข Long Form Articles (NIP-23): For those who want to delve deeper, YakiHonne supports the creation of well-formatted articles using a rich markdown editor. This allows for more nuanced discussions and the sharing of substantial ideas.
โข Topic Based Collections (NIP-51): Users can curate content into organized collections, making it easier to discover information on specific topics and follow thought leaders in various domains. Gemini
2.0 Flash
Recent
YakiHonne App Overview and Details
Deep Research Agent Introduction
Designing the ARIS Enterprises Logo
Hacker Portrait Request
Settings & helpย Try Gemini Advanced
Conversation with Gemini
I want you to give me everything you have on the app called yakihoone
YakiHonne is a mobile application focused on decentralized social networking and Bitcoin payments, built on the Nostr protocol. Here's a breakdown of what it offers:
Core Functionality:
โข Decentralized Social Networking: YakiHonne allows users to connect and interact in a decentralized manner, leveraging the Nostr protocol. This means it's not controlled by a single entity.
โข Bitcoin Payments (Zaps): The app integrates Bitcoin Lightning Network payments, often referred to as "zaps," enabling users to send and receive Bitcoin as a form of social interaction or content monetization.
โข Content Creation and Curation: It supports the creation of long-form articles with a rich markdown editor (NIP-23). Users can also curate content into topic-related collections (NIP-51).
โข Following and Discovery: You can follow other users (NIP-02), discover top creators and curators, and explore trending topics via hashtags (NIP-12).
โข User Profiles: Each user has a profile page displaying their followers, who they are following, their zapping activity, and published articles.
โข Direct Messaging (DMs): The app allows for private messaging between users.
Key Features Highlighted in Recent Updates (as of May 2025):
โข Improved Zap Functionality: Zappers lists are now ordered by zap count, and the list can be accessed easily.
โข Bug Fixes: Recent updates have addressed issues such as keyboard dismissal problems, saving article drafts, duplicated suggested profiles, video player malfunctions, and notification-related crashes.
โข Key Export on Android: An issue preventing key export on Android has been resolved.
Technical Details:
โข Platforms: Available on both iOS (Apple App Store) and Android (Google Play Store). It also has basic support for macOS and visionOS.
โข Technology: The mobile app is built using Flutter, a cross-platform development framework.
โข Relays: YakiHonne operates its own Nostr relays: nostr-01.yakihonne.com and nostr-02.yakihonne.com. These are based on the strfry implementation and are currently free for creators to publish content.
โข Login Options: Supports various login methods, including keys, wallet integration (NIP-07), and on-the-go account creation (NIP-01).
โข NIP Standards: Implements several Nostr Improvement Proposals (NIPs) for features like user profiles, following, content creation, and zaps.
โข URI Scheme Support: Currently supports the naddr URI scheme (NIP-21).
Community and Development:
โข The app is actively developed by JustHonne Technologies.
โข The source code for the mobile app is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/YakiHonne/yakihonne-mobile-app).
โข User reviews suggest a positive outlook, praising the user experience and aspirations, while also noting some areas for improvement in functionality and UI optimization.
In summary, YakiHonne aims to be a user-friendly entry point into the decentralized social media world of Nostr, with a strong emphasis on integrating Bitcoin payments and providing tools for content creators.
Sources
Now I want you to generate a full article on it
YakiHonne: Weaving Bitcoin into the Fabric of Decentralized Social Connection
In the ever-evolving landscape of social media, a new contender has emerged, seeking to redefine how we connect and interact online. YakiHonne, a mobile application built upon the innovative Nostr protocol, isn't just another platform vying for your attention. It represents a bold step towards decentralized social networking, seamlessly integrating the power of Bitcoin's Lightning Network into its very core.
Imagine a social space free from the control of centralized entities, where your data belongs to you, and where value can flow as freely as information. This is the vision YakiHonne is striving to realize. By leveraging the open and censorship-resistant nature of Nostr, it offers a refreshing alternative to the traditional social media giants.
The Power of Decentralization: A Foundation Built on Nostr
At its heart, YakiHonne is powered by Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays). Unlike conventional platforms that rely on a central server, Nostr operates on a network of independent relays. This decentralized architecture offers several key advantages:
โข Censorship Resistance: No single entity can easily censor or shut down the network. Your posts and interactions are distributed across multiple relays.
โข Data Ownership: Your data isn't locked away in a corporate database. You control your private keys, granting you greater autonomy over your information.
โข Open and Extensible: The open nature of the protocol allows for innovation and the development of diverse clients and applications, fostering a vibrant ecosystem.
YakiHonne acts as a user-friendly gateway to this decentralized world, providing an intuitive mobile interface to interact with the Nostr network.
Zaps: Where Social Interaction Meets Bitcoin
What truly sets YakiHonne apart is its deep integration of Bitcoin payments through the Lightning Network, often referred to as "zaps." This isn't just a tacked-on feature; it's woven into the fabric of social interaction.
โข Show Appreciation: Found a post insightful, funny, or valuable? You can instantly send a small amount of Bitcoin as a "zap" to show your appreciation directly to the creator.
โข Monetize Content: Creators can earn Bitcoin for their contributions, fostering a more sustainable model for online content generation.
โข Seamless Transactions: Lightning Network enables near-instant and low-fee Bitcoin transactions, making zapping a practical and frictionless experience.
This innovative integration transforms social interactions into potential value exchanges, creating new dynamics between creators and their audience.
Beyond the Basics: Features for Content and Connection
YakiHonne isn't solely focused on Bitcoin. It provides a robust set of features for creating, sharing, and discovering content:
โข Long-Form Articles (NIP-23): For those who want to delve deeper, YakiHonne supports the creation of well-formatted articles using a rich markdown editor. This allows for more nuanced discussions and the sharing of substantial ideas.
โข Topic-Based Collections (NIP-51): Users can curate content into organized collections, making it easier to discover information on specific topics and follow thought leaders in various domains.
โข Following and Discovery (NIP-02): Stay connected with the people and ideas that matter to you by following other users. The platform also offers ways to discover top creators, curators, and trending discussions through hashtags (NIP-12).
โข Rich User Profiles: Your profile showcases your followers, who you're following, your zapping activity, and the articles you've published, providing a comprehensive overview of your presence on the platform.
โข Direct Messaging (DMs): For more private conversations, YakiHonne includes a direct messaging feature, allowing for one-on-one communication.
A Growing Ecosystem and Continuous Improvement
YakiHonne is actively being developed and refined by JustHonne Technologies. Recent updates highlight a commitment to improving the user experience and addressing bugs. Enhancements to the zap functionality, fixes for various technical issues, and improved stability demonstrate the ongoing dedication to making the app a reliable and enjoyable platform.
The open source nature of the mobile application, with its code available on GitHub, encourages community involvement and transparency. This collaborative approach can contribute to the platform's growth and evolution.
Looking Ahead: The Potential of Decentralized Social with Bitcoin
YakiHonne represents an exciting intersection of decentralized social networking and Bitcoin's utility. By seamlessly integrating Lightning Network payments, it introduces a novel way to interact and exchange value online. While still in its relatively early stages, YakiHonne holds significant potential to:
โข Empower Creators: Provide new avenues for content monetization and direct interaction with their audience.
โข Foster Meaningful Interactions: Encourage more thoughtful engagement through the ability to easily show appreciation.
โข Offer a More Resilient Social Space: Provide an alternative to centralized platforms with greater resistance to censorship and single points of failure.
As the Nostr ecosystem continues to grow and evolve, and as more users seek decentralized alternatives, YakiHonne is well positioned to be a leading application in this burgeoning space. It's more than just another social media app; it's a glimpse into a future where online connections are more open, ัะตะฝะฝะพััะฝะพ-ะพัะธะตะฝัะธัะพะฒะฐะฝั, and truly belong to the users themselves.
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@ 0971cd37:53c969f4
2025-05-18 11:32:23
เธเธธเธ Bitcoin เธซเธฃเธทเธญ Mining Bitcoin เธเธฑเนเธเนเธกเนเนเธเนเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเนเธซเธกเน เนเธเนเนเธเธเธฑเธเธเธธเธเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเธเธธเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธฒเธ(Home Miner)เธเธฅเธฑเธเธกเธฒเนเธเนเธฃเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธชเธเนเธเธญเธตเธเธเธฃเธฑเนเธ เธซเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเธเธเธณเธฅเธฑเธเธซเธฒเนเธเธเธเธดเธเนเธซเนเธเธธเนเธกเธเนเธฒเนเธฅเธฐเธกเธตเธเธฃเธฐเธชเธดเธเธเธดเธ เธฒเธเธชเธณเธซเธฃเธฑเธ Home Miner เธเธตเนเธเนเธงเธขเนเธซเนเธเธฒเธฃเธเธธเธเธกเธตเธเธฃเธฐเธชเธดเธเธเธดเธ เธฒเธเธกเธฒเธเธเธถเนเธเนเธเธเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธตเน
เธเนเธญเธเนเธฃเธดเนเธกเธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเธเธธเธเนเธเธ(Home Miner)เธเนเธญเธเธเธถเธเธเธถเธเธชเธณเธฃเธงเธเธเธดเธเธเธเธเธงเธเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธซเนเนเธเนเธเธฑเธเนเธเธ เนเธเนเธฒเธซเธกเธฒเธขเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเธเธธเธBitcoin
- เธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธฐเธชเธกเธญเธญเธก Bitcoin เนเธเธขเธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธธเธ Bitcoin (ASIC)?
- เธเธณเนเธเธทเนเธญเนเธญเธฒ Bitcoin เธเธฒเธขเนเธเธทเนเธญเนเธเนเนเธเธดเธ Fiat เนเธเน เนเธฅเธฐเนเธซเนเนเธเนเธเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธซเธฅเธฑเธ?
- เนเธเนเธเธเธนเนเธชเธฃเนเธฒเธเธเธฅเธดเธเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเนเธเนเนเธญเธเนเธฅเธฐเนเธซเธฅเธทเธญเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฅเธดเธเนเธซเธกเธฒเธฐเธชเธกเธกเธฑเนเธขเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธ?
เธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธฐเธชเธกเธญเธญเธก Bitcoin เนเธเธขเธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธธเธ Bitcoin (ASIC)? เธเนเธฒเนเธเธเธฃเธเธตเธเธณเนเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธฐเธชเธกเธญเธญเธก Bitcoin เนเธเธขเธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธธเธ ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) เธเธฑเนเธเธเธทเธญเนเธเนเธเธงเธดเธเธตเธเธตเนเนเธซเธกเธฒเธฐเธชเธกเนเธฅเธฐเธกเธตเธเธฃเธฐเธชเธดเธเธเธดเธ เธฒเธเธเธตเนเธชเธธเธ เนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธ ASIC เธเธนเธเธญเธญเธเนเธเธเธกเธฒเนเธเธเธฒเธฐเธชเธณเธซเธฃเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธธเธ Bitcoin เนเธเธขเนเธเธเธฒเธฐ เธเธณเนเธซเนเธกเธตเธญเธฑเธเธฃเธฒเธเธฒเธฃเธเธธเธ (Hashrate) เธเธตเนเธชเธนเธเนเธฅเธฐเนเธเนเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธเนเธณ
เธเนเธญเธเธต - Hashrate เธชเธนเธ เธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธเธธเธ Bitcoin เนเธเนเธฃเธงเธเนเธฃเนเธงเนเธฅเธฐเธกเธตเนเธญเธเธฒเธชเนเธเนเธฃเธฑเธ Reward block Subsidy + fees เธกเธฒเธเธเธถเนเธ - เธเธฃเธฐเธซเธขเธฑเธเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธ ASIC เนเธเนเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธเนเธญ Hashrate เธเนเธณเธเธงเนเธฒ เนเธเธเธฃเธเธตเธเธณเธเธฒเธฃ Tuning ASIC เธซเธฃเธทเธญ Low Power - เนเธกเนเธเธณเนเธเนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธทเนเธญ Bitcoin เนเธ Exchange เนเธกเนเธเนเธญเธ KYC เนเธกเนเธเนเธญเธเธซเธฒเธเธฑเธเธซเธงเธฐเธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเธฒเธเธทเนเธญ Bitcoin เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธเธเธญเธเธฃเธฒเธเธฒเธเธ Exchange
เธเนเธญเนเธชเธตเธข
- เธฃเธฒเธเธฒเธชเธนเธ: เธเนเธเธเธธเธเนเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธทเนเธญ ASIC เธเนเธญเธเธเนเธฒเธเธชเธนเธ
เธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธฃเนเธฒเธเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธซเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฒเธข Bitcoin? เธเนเธฒเนเธเธเธฃเธเธตเธเธฒเธฃเธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธ Bitcoin เธกเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธฅเนเธเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธซเธฅเธฑเธเนเธเนเธเนเธญเธเธเธฃเธดเธซเธฒเธฃเธกเธตเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธตเนเธเธตเธเนเธงเธขเนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธ
เธเนเธญเธเธต - เธชเธฃเนเธฒเธเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธฃเธฐเธเธณ เธซเธฒเธเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธเธณเธเธงเธเธเนเธเธเธธเธเนเธฅเธฐเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเนเธเนเธเธต เธเธฐเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธเธฒเธข Bitcoin เนเธเนเธเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธซเธฅเธฑเธ - เธกเธตเธชเธ เธฒเธเธเธฅเนเธญเธเธชเธนเธ Bitcoin เธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเนเธฅเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเธดเธเธชเธ (Fiat) เนเธเนเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธฃเธงเธเนเธฃเนเธงเนเธ Exchange - เธเธขเธฒเธขเธฃเธฐเธเธเนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธข เธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเนเธเธดเนเธกเนเธเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธธเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธขเธฒเธขเธเธณเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฅเธดเธ Hashrate เนเธเนเธฒเธเธตเนเธเธณเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธซเธกเธฒเธฐเธชเธก เธชเธณเธซเธฃเธฑเธ Home Miner
เธเนเธญเนเธชเธตเธข
- เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธเธเธญเธเธฃเธฒเธเธฒ: เธฃเธฒเธเธฒ Bitcoin เธกเธตเธเธฒเธฃเนเธเธฅเธตเนเธขเธเนเธเธฅเธเธเธฅเธญเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒ เธเธณเนเธซเนเนเธกเนเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเนเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเนเธเนเนเธเนเธเธญเธ
- เธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเธชเธนเธ เธเธณเธเธงเธเธเธนเนเธเธธเธเธกเธฒเธเธเธถเนเธเธเธณเนเธซเน Difficulty เนเธเธดเนเธกเธเธถเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธข เน
- เธเนเธเธเธธเธเธเนเธฒเนเธเนเธฅเธฐเธเนเธฒเธเธนเนเธฅ เธซเธฒเธเนเธกเนเธเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเนเธซเนเธเธต เธเนเธเธเธธเธเธญเธฒเธเธชเธนเธเธเธเนเธกเนเธเธธเนเธกเธเนเธฒ
เนเธเนเธเธเธนเนเธชเธฃเนเธฒเธเธเธฅเธดเธเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเนเธเนเนเธญเธเนเธฅเธฐเนเธซเธฅเธทเธญเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฅเธดเธเนเธซเธกเธฒเธฐเธชเธกเธกเธฑเนเธขเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธ? เธซเธฒเธเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธเธฅเธดเธเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเนเธเธเนเธฒเนเธเนเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธเนเธซเธฅเนเธเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธชเธฐเธญเธฒเธ เนเธเนเธ เนเธเธฅเนเธฒเนเธเธฅเธฅเน เธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธซเธกเธฒเธฐเธชเธกเธเธฒเธฃเธเธณ เธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเธฅเธดเธเนเธเนเธกเธตเนเธซเธฅเธทเธญเนเธเนเนเธฅเธฐเนเธกเนเธกเธตเธเนเธฒเนเธชเธตเธขเนเธญเธเธฒเธช เธเธฒเธฃเธเธณเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเธเธธเธ Bitcoin เนเธฅเนเธเนเนเธเธ Home Miner เธฅเธเธเนเธเธเธธเธเธเนเธฒเนเธ,เนเธเธดเนเธกเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธฒเธเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธชเนเธงเธเนเธเธดเธ, เธฅเธเธฃเธฐเธขเธฐเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธฒเธฃเธเธทเธเธเธธเธ เธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธเธธเนเธกเธเนเธฒเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธณ
เธเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเนเธฅเธฐเธเนเธฒเนเธเธเนเธฒ เธชเธณเธซเธฃเธฑเธ Home Miner เธซเธเธถเนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเธเธฑเธขเธซเธฅเธฑเธเธเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธธเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธฒเธเธเธทเธญ เธเนเธฒเนเธเธเนเธฒ เธเธถเนเธเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธฅเธเธฅเธเนเธเนเธเนเธงเธขเธเธฒเธฃ - เธกเธตเนเธเธฅเนเธฒเนเธเธฅเธฅเน เธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเนเธชเธเธญเธฒเธเธดเธเธขเนเนเธเธทเนเธญเธฅเธเธเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเนเธงเธเธเธฅเธฒเธเธงเธฑเธ - เนเธฅเธทเธญเธเนเธเนเธกเธดเนเธเธญเธฃเน TOU เนเธฅเธทเธญเธเธเนเธงเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธธเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธธเธเนเธเธเนเธงเธ Off-Peak เธเธตเนเธเนเธฒเนเธเธเนเธณเธเธงเนเธฒเธเนเธงเธ On-Peak - เธเธณเธเธฒเธฃ Tuning ASIC เนเธเนเธ Low Power
เธชเธฃเธธเธเนเธเธขเธฃเธงเธก Home Miner เนเธเนเธเธงเธดเธเธตเธซเธเธถเนเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธธเธ Bitcoin เธเธตเนเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธเธณเนเธเนเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธฒเธ เธซเธฒเธเธกเธตเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃเธญเธธเธเธเธฃเธเนเนเธฅเธฐเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธซเธกเธฒเธฐเธชเธก เธฃเธงเธกเธเธถเธเธเธฒเธฃเธงเธฒเธเนเธเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธธเธเนเธเธเนเธงเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธตเนเธเนเธฒเนเธเธเนเธฒเธเนเธณ เนเธฅเธฐ เธเธฒเธฃเธเธฅเธดเธเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธเนเธเธฅเนเธฒเนเธเธฅเธฅเนเธขเธฑเธเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเนเธเธดเนเธกเนเธญเธเธฒเธชเนเธเธเธฒเธฃเธฅเธเธเนเธเธเธธเธเนเธฅเธฐเนเธเธดเนเธกเธเธณเนเธฃเนเธเนเธญเธตเธเธเนเธงเธข
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@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b
2025-05-18 11:02:09
ๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ๅจ iPhone ไธ็ๅฎๅ จไฝฟ็จๆณจๆไบ้กน
ๅผ่จ๏ผiPhone ไธๅฎๅ็ๅฏนๆฏ
ๅฝๆถๅ็งปๅจ่ฎพๅคๅฎๅ จ๏ผๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ้ขไธด็ๅจ iPhone ๅๅฎๅ่ฎพๅคไน้ด็้ๆฉใไปๅฎๅ จ็กฌไปถๆฅ็๏ผๅฎๅ้ต่ฅไธญ็กฎๆไธไบๅๅท้ ๅคไบ็ฑปไผผไบ Apple Secure Enclave ็็กฌไปถๅฎๅ จๆจกๅ๏ผไพๅฆ Google Pixel ๆๆบๅ ็ฝฎ็ Titan M/M2 ๅฎๅ จ่ฏ็๏ผ็จไบไฟ้ๅฏๅจๆต็จๅๅญๅจๆๆๆฐๆฎus.norton.com๏ผไธๆ็ๆ่ฐๆบๅๅ้ๆไบ Samsung Knox ๅคๅฑๅฎๅ จๅนณๅฐ๏ผ็ป่ฟๅคๅฝๆฟๅบๆบๆ่ฎค่ฏ๏ผๅฏๅจ็กฌไปถๅฑ้ขไฟๆค่ฎพๅคๅๅ ถไธญๆฐๆฎus.norton.comใ่ฟไบๅฎๅ จๆชๆฝๅคงๅคงๆๅไบ่ฎพๅคๆตๅพกๆถๆๆปๅปๅๆฐๆฎๆณ้ฒ็่ฝๅใ็ถ่๏ผ้่ฆๆณจๆ็ๆฏ๏ผๅ ทๅคๆญค็ฑป้ซ็บงๅฎๅ จ็นๆง็ๅฎๅๆบๅๅจๅธๅบไธ็ธๅฏนๅฐ่ง๏ผๅนถ้ๅฎๅ้ต่ฅ็ๆฎ้ๆ ๅus.norton.comใๅฎๅ็ๆ้ซๅบฆ็ข็ๅ๏ผไธๅๅๅ็ๅฎๅ จๅฎ่ทตๅทฎๅผๆฌๆฎ๏ผ้คไบๅฐๆฐๆณจ้ๅฎๅ จ็ๅๅ๏ผๅฆ GoogleใSamsung๏ผๅค๏ผ่ฎธๅค่ฎพๅค็ผบไน็ปไธ็ๅฎๅ จไฟ้ๆฐดๅนณus.norton.comใๅฐคๅ ถๅจไบๆๅธๅบไธ๏ผๅฎๅ่ฎพๅคๅๅท็นๆไธๆฅๆบไธไธ๏ผไธไบๆงๆฌพๆๆน่ฃ ๆบๅๅฏ่ฝ็ผบๅฐๆๆฐ็ๅฎๅ จ่ฏ็ๆๆดๆฐ๏ผไฝฟๅฎๅ จๆง้พไปฅๅพๅฐไฟ่ฏใ
็ธๆฏไนไธ๏ผApple iPhone ๅ จ็ณปๅ่ชๅธฆ็กฌไปถ็บง็ๅฎๅ จ้ๅบ๏ผSecure Enclave๏ผ๏ผ็ปไธ็้ญๆบ็ณป็ปๅไธฅๆ ผ็ๅบ็จๅฎกๆ ธไฝฟๅ ถๅฎๅ จๆชๆฝๅจๆๆ่ฎพๅคไธไฟๆไธ่ดus.norton.comใๅๆถ๏ผiPhone ๅผๅ ฅ็ Face ID๏ผไธ็ปด็ปๆๅ ไบบ่ธ่ฏๅซ๏ผๅจ็็ฉ่ฏๅซๅฎๅ จๆงไธๅ ทๆ็ฌ็นไผๅฟใAppleๅฎๆนๆฐๆฎๆพ็คบ๏ผFace ID ่ขซไปไบบ่งฃ้็ๆฆ็ๅชๆ ็พไธๅไนไธ๏ผ่ฟไฝไบๆ็บน่ฏๅซ็ไบไธๅไนไธใ่ฟๆบไบFace IDๅฉ็จ็บขๅค็น้ตๆๅฐๆๆ้ข้จ3D็ปๆ๏ผ้พไปฅ่ขซ็ ง็ๆ้ขๅ ทๆ็ ด่งฃ๏ผๅคงๅน ๅๅฐไบไผช้ ็็ฉ็นๅพ่งฃ้็้ฃ้ฉใๆญคๅค๏ผ็ธ่พ่ฎธๅคๅฎๅๆๆบไปไพ่ต็ไบ็ปดไบบ่ธ่ฏๅซๆ็ตๅฎน/ๅ ๅญฆๆ็บน๏ผFace ID ๅจๆๆปๅป่ฝๅไธๆด่ไธ็ญนโโไพๅฆๆฎ้ๆ็บนๆฎ็ๅฏ่ฝ่ขซๆๅๅคๅถ๏ผ่ไบ็ปดไบบ่ธ่งฃ้ๆพ่ขซ็ ง็่ฝปๆ้ช่ฟ๏ผไฝFace ID็ๆทฑๅบฆๆๅบๆๆฏๆๆ้ฟๅ ไบ่ฟไบๆผๆดใ
็ปผไธๆ่ฟฐ๏ผๅจ็งปๅจ่ฎพๅคๅฎๅ จ้ขๅ๏ผiPhone ไธบๆฏ็นๅธ็ญ้ซไปทๅผๆๆ่ตไบง็ๆๆ่ ๆไพไบๆดไธบ็จณๅฅๅ็ปไธ็ๅฎๅ จๅบ็กใๅฐฝ็ฎกๆไบ้ซ็ซฏๅฎๅๆๆบๅ ทๆๅฏๅๅฏ็น็ๅฎๅ จๅ่ฝ๏ผไฝ้ดไบ่ฟ็ฑปๆบๅๅคๆฏ้บ่งใๅฎๅ่ฎพๅคๆดๆฐๅ็ฎกๆง็ไธ็ปไธ๏ผไปฅๅ็็ฉ่ฏๅซๆนๆก็ๅทฎๅผ๏ผๆไปฌๅผบ็ๅปบ่ฎฎๅฐ iPhone ไฝไธบๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ฎพๅค็ๅฏไธ้ๆฉใไป็กฌไปถๅ ๅฏๅฐ็็ฉ่ฏๅซ๏ผiPhone ็ๅฐ้ญ็ๆๅ้ขๅ ๆๆฏ่ฝไธบๆฐๅญ่ตไบงๆไพๆดๅฏ้ ็้ฒๆค๏ผ่ๅฎๅ่ฎพๅคๅจ่ฟไธๅบๆฏไธๅๅญๅจ่ฏธๅคๅ ๅคฉไธ่ถณใ
ๅฐ็ป๏ผ ๅฎๅ้ต่ฅ่ฝๆPixel Titan่ฏ็ใSamsung Knox็ญไบฎ็น๏ผไฝๅฎๅ จๆบๅๆฐ้ๆ้ไธ่ฏ่ ไธ้ฝ๏ผiPhoneๅญๅ็ปไธ็ๅฎๅ จๆถๆๅๅ ่ฟ็Face ID๏ผๅจไฟๆคๆๆๆฐๆฎๆน้ขๆด่ไธ็ญนใไธบ็กฎไฟๆฏ็นๅธ็ญ่ตไบงๅฎๅ จ๏ผ้ๆฉๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ ็iPhone ๆฏๆๆบไนไธพใ
iPhone ๅฎๅ จ้ ็ฝฎๆๅ
้ๆฉไบ iPhone ไฝไธบๆฏ็นๅธๅญๅๅ้่ฎฏ่ฎพๅคๅ๏ผไป้่ฟ่ก็ป่ด็ๅฎๅ จ่ฎพ็ฝฎ๏ผไปฅๆๅคงๅๅฉ็จๅ ถๅฎๅ จๆฝๅใไปฅไธๆฏ้ๅฏนๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ็ iPhone ๅฎๅ จ้ ็ฝฎ่ฆ็น๏ผ
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็ฆ็จ Face ID/Touch ID ็็ฉ่งฃ้๏ผๆน็จๅผบPIN็ ๏ผ ๅปบ่ฎฎๅ ณ้ญ้ขๅฎนID่งฃ้ๅ่ฝ๏ผๆน็จ6ไฝไปฅไธ็ๆฐๅญPIN็ ๏ผๆๆดๅคๆ็ๅญๆฏๆฐๅญๅฏ็ ๏ผไฝไธบ่งฃ้ๆนๅผใๅจ็ดงๆฅๆ ๅตไธ๏ผ็็ฉ่ฏๅซๅฎนๆ่ขซไปไบบๅผบๅถๅฉ็จ๏ผไพๅฆไปไบบๅฐๆๆบๅฏนๅๆบไธป้ข้จๅผบ่ก่งฃ้๏ผ๏ผ่่ฎฐๅฟๅ็PIN็ ๅชๆๆๆไบบ็ฅๆ๏ผๆด้พไปฅ่ขซ่่ฟซ่ทๅใๆญคๅค๏ผๆณๅพไธๆไบๅฐๅบๅฏนๅผบๅถๆไพ็็ฉ็นๅพๅๆไพๅฏ็ ๆๆๅบๅซ๏ผ่ฟไนไฝฟๅพไฝฟ็จPIN็ ๅจๆ็ซฏๆ ๅตไธๆดๆไฟ้ใ
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ๅฏ็จ่ชๅจ้ๅฎ๏ผ1ๅ้๏ผ ๅฐ่ฎพๅค่ฎพไธบ้ฒ็ฝฎ1ๅ้ๅ่ชๅจ้ๅฎๅฑๅนใไปๅฎๅ จ่งๅบฆๅบๅ๏ผ้ๅฎ็ญๅพ ๆถ้ด่ถ็ญ่ถๅฅฝใ1ๅ้็่ฎพ็ฝฎๅฏ็กฎไฟๅณไฝฟๆๆถ็ฆปๅผๆ็ๅฟฝ๏ผ่ฎพๅคไนไผๅพๅฟซไธ้๏ผ้ฒ่ไปไบบไน่่ๅ ฅใๅ ปๆ้ๆ้ๅฑ็ไน ๆฏๅบ็ถ้่ฆ๏ผไฝๆไบ็ญ่ชๅจ้ๅฎๆถ้ดไฝไธบๅ้ไฟ้๏ผๅฎๅ จๆงๆดไธไธๅฑๆฅผใ
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ๅผๅฏ่พ้10ๆฌก่ชๅจๆน้ค๏ผ ๅจโ่ฎพ็ฝฎ > ้ขๅฎนID/่งฆๆงIDไธๅฏ็ โไธญๅฏ็จโ่ฟ็ปญ่พ้10ๆฌกๅฏ็ ๆนๆๆฐๆฎโๅ่ฝใไธๆฆๆไบบๅๅคๅฐ่ฏ็ๆตๅฏ็ ๏ผ่ฏฅๅ่ฝไผๅจ็ฌฌๅๆฌก้่ฏฏๅฐ่ฏๅ่ชๅจๆน้คๆๆบๆฐๆฎใๅพๅค็จๆทๆ ๅฟ่ฏฅ่ฎพ็ฝฎๅญๅจ้ฃ้ฉ๏ผไฝไบๅฎไธ ่ฏฏ่งฆๅ็ๅฏ่ฝๆงๆไฝใsspai.comsspai.comๅฎ้ ๆต่ฏ่กจๆ๏ผiPhoneๅจๅคๆฌก่พ้ๅฏ็ ๆถไผ่งฆๅ็ดฏ่ฟ็ๅปถ่ฟๆฉ็ฝๆบๅถ๏ผ็ฌฌไบๆฌก้่ฏฏ้่ฆ็ญๅพ 1ๅ้๏ผ็ฌฌๅ ญๆฌก้่ฏฏ็ญๅพ 5ๅ้๏ผ็ฌฌ7-8ๆฌกๅ็ญๅพ 15ๅ้๏ผ็ฌฌ9ๆฌก็ญๅพ 1ๅฐๆถsspai.comsspai.comใ่ฆ่ฟ็ปญ่ฟ่กๅๆฌก็ฌ็ซ็้่ฏฏๅฐ่ฏ่ณๅฐ้่ฆ็บฆ96ๅ้๏ผๅจ็ฐๅฎไธญโ็ๅญฉๅญโไนฑๆ่ฟ็ปญๆธ ็ฉบๆฐๆฎๅ ไนไธๅฏ่ฝๅ็sspai.comใ็ธๅ๏ผ่ฏฅๅ่ฝๅฏนๆๆดๅ็ ด่งฃๆไธบๆๆโโๆญฃๅฆ2015ๅนดๅฃ่ด็บณ่ฟช่ฏบๆๆ่ขญๅปๆกไธญ๏ผๅซ็ฏๆ็จ็iPhoneๅฐฑๅฏ็จไบๅๆฌก้่ฏฏๆธ ้ค๏ผไฝฟFBIไนๆ ๆณ่ฝปๆๅฐ่ฏ็ ด่งฃen.wikipedia.orgใๆปไน๏ผๆญค้กน่ฎพ็ฝฎ่ฝๅฐ่ฎพๅค่ฝๅ ฅไปไบบไนๆๆถ็ๆฐๆฎๆณ้ฒ้ฃ้ฉ้่ณๆไฝใ
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ๅฉ็จๅบ็จ็บง Face ID ๆงๅถ๏ผiOS 18+๏ผ๏ผๅ็บง่ณiOS 18ๆๆดๆฐ็ๆฌ๏ผๅ ๅๅฉ็จๅ ถๆฐๅข็ๅบ็จ้ๅฎๅ่ฝใ้ฟๆไธปๅฑๆไธชๅบ็จๅพๆ ๏ผๅฏไปฅๆพๅฐโ้่ฆFace IDโ้้กน๏ผๅฐ่ฏฅๅบ็จๅ ้theverge.comใ่ขซๅ ้็ๅบ็จๆฏๆฌกๆๅผ้ฝ้่ฆ้่ฟFace ID่บซไปฝ้ช่ฏ๏ผๅณไฝฟๆๆบๅทฒ่งฃ้๏ผใๅปบ่ฎฎๅฏน ่ๅคฉ้่ฎฏใๅฏ็ ็ฎก็ใไบคๆๆApp ็ญๆๆๅบ็จๅฏ็จๆญคๅ่ฝใไพๅฆ๏ผๅฐๅพฎไฟกใSignalใ้ฎไปถๅฎขๆท็ซฏ็ญ่ฎพ็ฝฎไธบๆๅผ้Face ID้ช่ฏ๏ผไปฅ้ฒ่ไปไบบๅจๆจๆๆบ่งฃ้็็ญๆ้ด้ๅ ่ทๅๅ ถไธญๅ ๅฎนใๅบ็จ็บงFace ID้ๅฎไธบ่ฎพๅคๆไพไบ็ฌฌไบ้้ฒ็บฟ๏ผๅณไฝฟๆๆบๆฌ่บซๅทฒ่งฃ้๏ผๆๆๅบ็จๅๆฐๆฎไปๅๅฐไฟๆคใ
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ๅปบ่ฎฎ่ดญไนฐ็ฌฌไบๅฐ iPhone ๆ iPad ไฝไธบโๅค็จ่งฃ้ๅ ฅๅฃโ๏ผ ๅฉ็จ Apple ็โไฟกไปป้พโๆบๅถ๏ผไธบๅไธ Apple ID ้ ็ฝฎๅคๅฐๅไฟกไปป่ฎพๅค๏ผๅฆไธคๅฐ iPhone ๆ iPhone+iPad๏ผใ่ฟๆ ทๅณไฝฟไธป่ฎพๅคไธขๅคฑๆ่ขซๆน้ค๏ผๅค็จ่ฎพๅคไพ็ถๅฏไปฅ่ฎฟ้ฎๅนถๆขๅค iCloud ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎใๅ ถๅฎๅ จๆฌ่ดจ็ฑปไผผไบโ1-of-N ๅค็ญพโ๏ผๅณไปปไธ่ฎพๅคๅๅฏ็ฌ็ซ่งฃ้ๆๆไบๆฐๆฎ๏ผไฝๆ ้ๅค่ฎพๅค่ๅๅๅ๏ผๆขๅคๆด็ตๆดปใๆณจๆ๏ผ่ฟไธๆฏ็นๅธ็m-of-nๅค็ญพไธๅ๏ผApple็ไฟกไปป้พๆฏๅ่ฎพๅคๅคๅ ฅๅฃ๏ผๅฎๅ จๆงๅไพฟๅฉๆงๆ่กก้ๆ นๆฎไธชไบบ้ๆฑ่ฏไผฐใๅฎๆน่ฏดๆๅ่ง๏ผAppleๅนณๅฐๅฎๅ จ็ฝ็ฎไนฆ๏ผKeychainไธไฟกไปป้พ๏ผ
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ๅปบ่ฎฎ่ดญไนฐ YubiKey ็ญ็กฌไปถๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅไฝไธบ Apple ID ้ช่ฏ่ฆ็ด ๏ผ ็ฑไบไฟกไปป้พๆบๅถไธๆฐ่ฎพๅคๅ ๅ ฅๆถ๏ผ่บซไปฝ้ช่ฏๆไธบๆฝๅจๆปๅป็น๏ผๅฆ้้ฑผใ็คพๅทฅใ็ญไฟกๅซๆ๏ผ๏ผๆจ่ไธบ Apple ID ้ ็ฝฎ YubiKey ๆๅ ผๅฎน FIDO2/U2F ็็กฌไปถๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅใๅฏ็จๅ๏ผๅชๆๆๅ ฅๅนถ่งฆๅ็กฌไปถๅฏ้ฅ็ๆ ๅตไธ๏ผๆ่ฝๅฎๆๆฐ่ฎพๅคๆๆใๆๆๆไฝๆ่ดฆๆทๆขๅค๏ผๆๆ้ปๆญข็ฝ็ป้้ฑผๅๅคง้จๅ่ฟ็จๆปๅปใ่ฏฅๆนๆณๅฏๆพ่ๆๅ่ดฆๆทๅฎๅ จ๏ผ้ไฝๅ ๅญ่ฏๆณๆผๆ้ช่ฏ่ขซๅซๆๅฏผ่ด็ไฟกไปป้พๆป็ ด้ฃ้ฉใApple ๅฎๆน่ฏดๆ๏ผไธบ Apple ID ๆทปๅ ๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅ
้่ฟไธ่ฟฐ้ ็ฝฎ๏ผiPhone ๅฐๅคไบไธไธชๅนณ่กกไบไพฟๅฉๆงๅๅฎๅ จๆง็็ถๆ๏ผๆฅๅธธ่งฃ้้็จPIN็ ็กฎไฟๆๅคๆ ๅตไธ่ฎพๅคไธ่ขซๅผบๅถ่งฃ้๏ผ็ญ่ชๅจ้ๅๅๆฌกๆธ ้คไธฅ้ฒๆดๅ็ ด่งฃ๏ผ่ๅบ็จ็บงๅ ้่ฟไธๆญฅไฟ้้่ฆๆฐๆฎไธๅคๆณใ
ๅฐ็ป๏ผ ๆ็ งไปฅไธๆๅๅฏนiPhone่ฟ่กๅฎๅ จ้ ็ฝฎ๏ผๅฏไปฅๅคงๅน ๆๅ่ฎพๅคๅจๅฎ้ ไฝฟ็จไธญ็ๆๆปๅป่ฝๅใ็็ฉ่ฏๅซ่งฃ้็ๅ่ใ่ชๅจ้ๅฎๅๆธ ้คๆบๅถใไปฅๅiOS 18ๅผๅ ฅ็ๅบ็จๅ ้ๅ่ฝ็ธ็ปๅ๏ผๅ จๆนไฝๅฐๅทฉๅบไบๆๆบไฝไธบๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ฎพๅค็ๅฎๅ จๅบ็ณใ
ๅ ณไบ่ชๅจๆน้ค็ๅธธ่ง่ดจ็ๅๅบ
ๅฏ็จโ่พ้10ๆฌก่ชๅจๆน้คโๅ่ฝๅ๏ผไธๅฐ็จๆทไผๆๅบ็่๏ผไธป่ฆ้ไธญๅจไธคไธชๆน้ข๏ผๅ ถไธ๏ผๆ ๅฟๅฟ็ซฅ่ฏฏๆไฝๆๆฌไบบไธๆถ็ๅฟฝๅฏผ่ด่ฎพๅคๆฐๆฎ่ขซๆนๆ๏ผๅ ถไบ๏ผๆ ๅฟไธไธๆๆบๆฐๆฎ่ขซๆน้ค๏ผ่ฎพๅคๆฌ่บซไปทๅผๅๆใ้ๅฏน่ฟไบ่ดจ็๏ผๆไปฌ่ฟ่กๅฆไธๅๅบ๏ผ
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โ็ๅญฉๅญไนฑๆๆไนๅ๏ผโ ๅๆๅทฒๆๅ๏ผiPhone่ฎพ่ฎกไบๆธ่ฟๅปถๆถๆบๅถ๏ผไฝฟๅพ่ฟ็ปญๅๆฌก้่ฏฏ่พๅ ฅๅนถ้ๆไบsspai.comsspai.comใๅญฉๅญๆ ๆ่ฏๅฐๅๅค็นๅป็ธๅๆฐๅญ๏ผ็ณป็ปๅช่งไธบไธๆฌก้่ฏฏsspai.com๏ผ่ๅคๆฌกไธๅ้่ฏฏๅไผ่งฆๅ่ถๆฅ่ถ้ฟ็้ๅฎๆถ้ด๏ผๅพ้พ็็่ฟ็ปญ่ฏๆปกๅๆฌกsspai.comใๅฎ่ทตไธญ๏ผ่ฆ่งฆๅๅๆฌก้่ฏฏๆธ ้ค้่ฆ่ฟไธคไธชๅฐๆถไธๆฏๆฌก่พๅ ฅ้ฝไธๅ๏ผ่ฟ็งๆ ๆฏๆไธ็ฐๅฎsspai.comใๅ ๆญค๏ผๅช่ฆๅนณๆถ็ๆคๅฅฝ่ฎพๅค๏ผ่ฏฏๆน้คๅ ไนๆ ้ๆ ๅฟใ็ธๅ๏ผๅฆๆๆฒกๆ่ฏฅๅ่ฝ๏ผไธๆฆ่ฎพๅค้ๅคฑๆ่ขซไธๆณๅๅญ่ทๅ๏ผๅๆๅฐไธๅ ช่ฎพๆณโโๅฏนๆนๅฏไปฅๅจ่ถณๅคๆถ้ดๅไธไธๅทฅๅ ทๅๅฉไธๅฐ่ฏๆ ้ๆฌก่งฃ้๏ผไป่่ทๅๆจๆๆบไธญ็ไธๅ็งๅฏใ
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โๆฐๆฎๆฒกไบๅฒไธๅฏๆ๏ผโ ๆไปฌๅผบ่ฐ๏ผๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ๆๆบไธญๅญๅจ็ๆๆไฟกๆฏไปทๅผ่ฟ่ถ ่ฎพๅคๆฌ่บซใๆๆบ้ๅฏ่ฝๆๅฉ่ฎฐ่ฏใ็ง้ฅ็บฟ็ดขใไบคๆ่ฎฐๅฝๆชๅพ๏ผ็่ณๅ ๅซๆจ็คพไบค่ดฆๆทไธญๅ ณไบ่ตไบง็ๅฏน่ฏใๅจๆปๅป่ ็ผไธญ๏ผ่ฟไบๆฐๆฎ็ไปทๅผ่่ฟไธ้จๆๆบใไธๅ ถๆ ๅฟ่ฎพๅค่ขซ่ฏฏๆธ ้ค๏ผไธๅฆๆ ๅฟ่ฎพๅค่ฝๅ ฅไปไบบไนๆๆฐๆฎ้ญๆณ้ฒ็้ฃ้ฉใๅตไธ๏ผๅฏนไบ้่ฆๆฐๆฎๆจๅบๅฝๆฉๆๅคไปฝ๏ผไธๆๅฐ่ฎจ่ฎบๅฏ็จiCloudไบๅคไปฝ็้ฎ้ข๏ผใๅณไฝฟ็ๅ็่ฏฏๆธ ้ค๏ผๆๅคไปฝๅจๆไน่ฝๆขๅค๏ผไฝ่ฅๆฐๆฎ่ขซไธๆณๅๅญ็ชๅ๏ผไธๆฆ้ ๆ่ตไบงๆๅคฑๅฐๆ ๆณๆฝๅใๅ ๆญค๏ผไป้ฃ้ฉๆ่กกๆฅ็๏ผโๅฎๅฏ่ฏฏๅ ๏ผไธๅฏ่ขซ็โโโ่ชๅจๆน้คๆฏๆๅไธ้ไฟ้๏ผๅจๆ็ซฏๆ ๅตไธไฟๆคๆจ็ๆฐๅญ่ตไบงไธ่ขซไพตๅฎณใ
ๆป่่จไน๏ผ่ฟไธๅ่ฝ็ๅฉ่ฟๅคงไบๅผใๅฟ็ซฅ่ฏฏ่งฆๅฏไปฅ้่ฟ่ฏๅฅฝ็ๆคๅ็ณป็ปๅปถๆถ่ฎพ่ฎกๆฅ้ฒ่๏ผ่ไธๆฆๅฏ็จ๏ผๆจๅฐ่ทๅพๅทจๅคง็ๅฎๅฟ๏ผๆๆบ่ฅ้ญ่ฏๅพ็ ด่งฃ๏ผๅฏไปฅ่ชๆฏไปฅไฟๅ จๆฐๆฎๅฎๅ จใ่ฟๆญฃๆฏๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ๅบๆ็ๅฎๅ จ็ๅฟต๏ผ่ๅผ่ฎพๅคไฟๅฎๅ จ๏ผๆฐๆฎๅ่ตไบงๆฐธ่ฟไผๅ ไบ็กฌไปถใ้็่ฏๅฅฝๅคไปฝ็ญ็ฅ็้ ๅ๏ผไพๅฆiCloudๅ ๅฏๅคไปฝ๏ผ๏ผๅฏ็จ่ชๅจๆน้คๅ ไนๆฒกๆๅ้กพไนๅฟงใ
ๅฐ็ป๏ผ ้ๅฏน่ชๅจๆน้คๅ่ฝ็็่ๆดๅคๆฏ่ฏฏ่งฃใiPhone็ๆบๅถไฝฟๅพ่ฏฏ่งฆๅๅ ็ๆไฝ๏ผ่ๅ ถๆไพ็ๆฐๆฎๅฎๅ จไฟ้ๅดๆฏๆ ๅฏๆฟไปฃ็ใๆฏ็นๅธ็ญๆๆ่ตไบงๆๆ่ ๅบๆพไธ้กพ่๏ผไผๅ ไฟๆคๆฐๆฎๅฎๅ จโโๅชๆไปฃไปทๆฏ่ฎพๅค่ขซๆธ ้ค๏ผไน่่ฟๆฐๆฎ่ฝๅ ฅไปไบบไนๆใ
iCloud ๅคไปฝ็ไบ่ฎฎไธๅปบ่ฎฎ
ๅจ็กฎไฟๆฌๅฐ่ฎพๅคๅฎๅ จ็ๅๆถ๏ผๅฆฅๅๅคไปฝๆฐๆฎๅๆ ทๅ ณ้ฎใๅฏนไบๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ่่จ๏ผๅฏ็จ iCloud ไบๅคไปฝๅฏไปฅๆไพ้ขๅค็ไธๅฑๅฎๅฟ๏ผไธไธ่ฎพๅค้ๅคฑใๆๅๆ่ขซๆน้คๅ๏ผไปๆๆบไผๆขๅค้่ฆไฟกๆฏใ็ถ่๏ผๅด็ปiCloudๅคไปฝ็ๅฎๅ จๆงไธ็ดๅญๅจไบ่ฎฎ๏ผๆไปฌๅจๆญค่ฏฆ็ปๅๆๅนถ็ปๅบๅปบ่ฎฎ๏ผ
้ฆๅ ๅผบ็ๅปบ่ฎฎๅจๅฏ็จiCloudๅคไปฝ็ๅๆถ๏ผๅกๅฟ ๅผๅฏใ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคใ๏ผAdvanced Data Protection, ADP๏ผใ้ป่ฎคๆ ๅตไธ๏ผiCloudไบๅคไปฝ็ๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅ็ฑAppleๆ็ฎก๏ผ่ฟๆๅณ็่นๆๅ ฌๅธๅจๆณๅพ่ฆๆฑไธ่ฝๅค่งฃๅฏๅนถๆไพๆจ็ๅคไปฝๆฐๆฎsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใ่ๅผๅฏ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๅ๏ผๅคไปฝๆๆถๅ็ๅคง้จๅๆฐๆฎๅฐ้็จ็ซฏๅฏน็ซฏๅ ๅฏ๏ผๅชๆๆจ็ๅไฟกไปป่ฎพๅคๆๆก่งฃ้ๅฏ้ฅsupport.apple.comใๆฎ่นๆๅฎๆน่ฏดๆ๏ผๅจADPๆจกๅผไธ๏ผๅณไพฟ่นๆๅ ฌๅธไนๆ ๆณ่ฏปๅๆจ็ๅคไปฝๅ ๅฎนsupport.apple.comใๅ ๆญค๏ผ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค่ฝๅคๅฐไฝฟ็จไบๅคไปฝๅฏ่ฝๅธฆๆฅ็้็งๆณ้ฒ้ฃ้ฉ้่ณๆไฝ๏ผๅๆๆฏๆจๅฆฅๅไฟ็ฎกๅฅฝ่ชๅทฑ็่ดฆๆทๅๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅ๏ผใ
ๅฏ็จไบๅคไปฝๅธธ่ง็็่ๆฏ๏ผโไผไธไผๆๆ็้ฑๅ ็ง้ฅไนๅคไปฝไธๅป๏ผไธไธไบ่ขซๆป็ ดๅฒไธๅฑ้ฉ๏ผโ ๅฎ้ ไธ๏ผๅคๆฐไธปๆตๆฏ็นๅธ/ๅ ๅฏ้ฑๅ ่ฝฏไปถไธไผๅฐๆ ธๅฟๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅฆๅฉ่ฎฐ่ฏๆๆฉๅฑๅ ฌ้ฅxpub๏ผๅญๅจๅจไบๅคไปฝไธญใๅพๅค้ฑๅ ๅจ่ฎพ่ฎกๆถๅฐฑ่ฆๆฑ็จๆท่ช่กๅคไปฝๅฉ่ฎฐ่ฏ๏ผ่ไธไผๆ่ฟไบ้ซๅบฆๆๆ็ๆฐๆฎๅๅ ฅๅบ็จๆฒ็๏ผๅฏ่ขซiCloudๅคไปฝๆๅใๅๆ ทๅฐ๏ผไธไบ้ฑๅ ๅบ็จ็่ณๆ้็จๆทๅ ณ้ญiCloudๅคไปฝไปฅ้ฒๅฉ่ฎฐ่ฏๆณ้ฒsupport.wallet.coinex.comใๆข่จไน๏ผๅผๅฏiCloudๅคไปฝๅนถไธไผๅฐๆจ็็ง้ฅไธไผ ๏ผ้ค้ไธชๅซ้ฑๅ ็นๅซ่ฎพ็ฝฎไบไบๅๆญฅ๏ผไฝๅคงๅคๆฐ้ๆ็ฎก้ฑๅ ้ฝๆฒกๆ่ฟไนๅ๏ผใๅฝ็ถ๏ผไธบๅฎกๆ ่ตท่ง๏ผๆจๅฏไปฅๆฅ้ ๆ็จ้ฑๅ ็ๆๆกฃๆ่ฎพ็ฝฎ๏ผ็กฎ่ฎคๅ ถๆฏๅฆๆๅคไปฝๆๆไฟกๆฏๅฐไบ็้้กน๏ผๅนถๆฎๆญคๅๅบๅ่ใ
ไธๆญคๅๆถ๏ผๆไปฌๆดๅ ๅ ณๅฟ็ๆฏๅ ถไปๅบ็จ็ๆฐๆฎๅฎๆดๅคไปฝใๅฏนไบๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ๆฅ่ฏด๏ผ่ๅคฉ่ฎฐๅฝใ็ฌ่ฎฐๆๆกฃๅๅทฅไฝๅบ็จ็ๆฐๆฎๅพๅพๅๆ ทๆๆไธ้่ฆใไพๅฆ๏ผๅธธ็จ้่ฎฏ่ฝฏไปถ๏ผๅพฎไฟกใTelegramใSignal ็ญ๏ผไธญ็่ๅคฉๅฏ่ฝๆถๅไบคๆ็ป่ๆไบบ่็ฝ็ป๏ผๅๅ ฌๅบ็จๅฆ้้ใ้ฃไนฆๅๅ ๅซ่ดขๅกๅพๆฅๆไธๅก่ตๆใ่ฟไบๅบ็จ็ๆฐๆฎ้ฝไผๅ ๅซๅจiCloudๆดๆบๅคไปฝไธญๅนถ่ขซๅฎๆดไฟๅญ๏ผไธๆฆๆๆบไธขๅคฑๆๆๅ๏ผๅฏไปฅ้่ฟไบๅคไปฝๅๆ ทๆขๅคใsupport.apple.comๅผๅพไธๆ็ๆฏ๏ผๅจ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๅผๅฏไธไธๆณๆผๅฏ้ฅ็ๅๆไธ๏ผ่ฟไบๅคไปฝๆฐๆฎๅณไฝฟๅญๅจๅจ่นๆๆๅกๅจไธไนๆฏๅฎๅ จ็๏ผ็ฌฌไธๆนๆ ๆณ่งฃ่ฏปๅ ถไธญๅ ๅฎนใ
่ฟไธๆญฅ็ๅฅฝๅคๆฏ๏ผๅฉ็จๅคไปฝ่ฟ่ก่ฐๆฅๅ่ฏใๅ่ฎพๆๅๆ ๅตๅ็โโๆจ็ๆๆบ่ขซๆน้คๆ้ๅคฑ๏ผไฝๆฏไบๅ ๆไธไปฝๆๆฐ็iCloudๅคไปฝใๅจ็ดงๆฅ้่ฆๆถ๏ผๆจๅฏไปฅๅจไธๅฐๆฐ็iPhoneไธๆขๅค่ฟไปฝๅคไปฝใๅจๆขๅคๅฎๆๅ๏ผๅๆญๆฐ่ฎพๅค็็ฝ็ป่ฟๆฅ๏ผๆๆSIMๅกๆไธ่ฟWi-Fi๏ผใ็ฑไบๅคไปฝๆขๅคไผ่ฟๅๆจ็ๅบ็จ็ปๅฝ็ถๆๅๆฌๅฐๆฐๆฎ๏ผๆฐ่ฎพๅคๅจ็ฆป็บฟๆ ๅตไธๅฐ็ปดๆๅๆๆบๅฝๆถ็็ปๅฝ็ฏๅขใๆจๅฏไปฅๆๅผ่ๅคฉๅบ็จใ้ฎไปถใ็ ง็็ญๆฅ็ๅ ๅฎน๏ผๅฐฑๅๅๆๆบไธๆ ทใ็ฆป็บฟๆไฝ็กฎไฟๅบ็จไธไผๅ ไธบๆฃๆตๅฐๆฐ่ฎพๅค่่ฆๆฑ้ๆฐ็ปๅฝ๏ผไน้ฟๅ ไบไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎ่ขซ่ฟ็จๆธ ้ค็ๅฏ่ฝใ่ฟๅฏนไบไบๅๅ่ฏใๆไพ็บฟ็ดข็ปๆงๆณ้จ้จๆ่ชๆ่ฐๆฅ้ฝๆไธบๆๅฉใๆฏๅฆ๏ผ่ฅๆถๅ็็ช่ฏ้ชๆกไปถ๏ผ่ฟ้จ็ฆป็บฟๆขๅค็ๆๆบ้ไฟ็็่ๅคฉ่ฎฐๅฝใไบคๆๅญ่ฏๅฏไปฅไฝไธบๅ ณ้ฎ่ฏๆฎใ่ไธๆฆ่็ฝ๏ผ่ฟไบๅบ็จๅฏ่ฝๅบไบๅฎๅ จ่่็ปๅบ่ดฆๆทๆๆๅๆๆฐ็ถๆ๏ผๅ่ไธๅฉไบไฟ็ๅๅง่ฏๆฎใๅ ๆญค๏ผๆๆ่ฏๅฐไฟๅญไธไปฝๅฎๆดไบๅคไปฝ๏ผๅนถๅจ้่ฆๆถไปฅ็ฆป็บฟๆนๅผๆขๅค๏ผๆฏไธ็ง้ๅธธๅทงๅฆ็ๅบๅฏน็ญ็ฅใ
ๅฐ็ป๏ผ ๅฐฝ็ฎกไบบไปฌๅฏนไบๅคไปฝๅฟๅญ็่๏ผไฝ้่ฟๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค๏ผiCloudๅคไปฝๆข่ฝๆไพๆฐๆฎๆขๅคไพฟๅฉ๏ผๅๅ ๅไฟ้ไบ้็งๅฎๅ จใๅคงๅคๆฐๅ ๅฏ้ฑๅ ไธไผไธไผ ็ง้ฅ็ญๆ ธๅฟๆฐๆฎ๏ผ่่ๅคฉใๅๅ ฌ็ญๅบ็จ็ๆฐๆฎๅๅฏๅฎๆดไปฝไปฅๅคไธๆถไน้ใๅจๅนณ่กกๅฎๅ จไธๅฏ็จๆง็ๅๆไธ๏ผๅผๅฏiCloudๅคไปฝ๏ผๆญ้ ADPๅ ๅฏ๏ผๆฏๆๆบไนไธพโโๅฎ่ฎฉๆจๅจ่ฎพๅคๆๅคๆๅๆไธขๅคฑๆถไพ็ถๆๆฎๅฏๆฅใๆๆฎๅฏ่ฏใ
้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคไธๅฏ็ ๅญฆๆบๅถๅๆ
ๆๅ๏ผๆไปฌไปๆดๅฎ่ง็่ง่ง๏ผ็ปๅ็ๅฎๆกไพๅๆๆฏๅ็๏ผๆทฑๅ ฅๆข่ฎจ่นๆ่ฎพๅคไธไบๆๅก็ๅฎๅ จๆง๏ผไปฅๅ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค๏ผADP๏ผๆไพ่ต็ๅฏ็ ๅญฆๆบๅถใ่ฟ้จๅๅฐๆถต็่นๆๅจๅคไธชๅฝๅฎถ้ญ้็่งฃ้ไบ่ฎฎใADP ็่ฟไฝๅๅ ถไธๅฎไฝๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅ็้ ๅใไปฅๅๅ ณไบ่นๆๆฏๅฆๅญๅจ่งฃๅฏๅ้จ็ๅๆใ
่นๆไธๆงๆณ้จ้จ็่งฃ้ไบไปถ
่ฟๅปๆฐๅนด้ด๏ผๅค่ตท้ซ่ฐไบไปถๅธๆพไบ่ฎพๅคๅ ๅฏไธๆงๆณๅ่ฏไน้ด็็็พใ็พๅฝๅฝไผๅฑฑ้ชไนฑไบไปถ๏ผ2021ๅนด1ๆ6ๆฅ๏ผไธญ๏ผๆงๆณ้จ้จ็ผด่ทไบๅคง้ๅซ็ไบบ็ๆๆบใๆฎๆฅ้๏ผไธๅฐๅซ็ฏไฝฟ็จ็ๆฏiPhone๏ผ่ฐๆฅไบบๅ่ฝๅคไป่นๆ่ทๅๅ ถไธญ็ๆฐๆฎ ไฝ้ๅพไธป่ฆๆฏ้่ฟ iCloud ไบๅคไปฝ ่้็ดๆฅ็ ด่งฃ่ฎพๅคthedailybeast.comใ็ฑไบๅฝๆถ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๅฐๆชๆจๅบๆๆชๅฏ็จ๏ผ่นๆไพ็ถๆๆ้ฃไบๅซ็ไบบiCloud่ดฆๆท็ๅคไปฝๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅ ๆญคๅจๆถๅฐๅๆณ็ๆงๆณ่ฏทๆฑๅ๏ผ่นๆๅFBIๆไพไบๅซ็ไบบ็iCloudๅคไปฝๅ ๅฎน๏ผๅ ถไธญๅ ๆฌ่ง้ขใ็ ง็ๅ่ๅคฉ่ฎฐๅฝ็ญๅ ณ้ฎ่ฏๆฎthedailybeast.comใ่ฟไบๆฐๆฎๅธฎๅฉๅฝๅฑ้ๆไบๆกไปถ่ฟ็จ๏ผไนๅๆ ๅบๅฆๆ็จๆทๆฒกๆไฝฟ็จ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๅคไปฝ๏ผไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎๅจๆณๅพๅๅไธๅนถ้็ขไธๅฏ็ ดใ
็ธๅ๏ผๅจๆดๆฉ็**ๅฃ่ด็บณ่ฟช่ฏบๆๆ่ขญๅปๆก๏ผ2015๏ผ**ไธญ๏ผFBI้ขๅฏนไธ้จๅฏ็จไบๅผบๅ ๅฏ็ๅซ็ฏiPhoneๅด้ทๅ ฅๅตๅฑใ้ฃๆฏไธไธช่ฟ่กiOS 9็ iPhone 5C๏ผๅผๅฏไบPIN็ ้ๅ10ๆฌก่พ้ๆธ ้คๅ่ฝen.wikipedia.orgใ็ฑไบ่ฏฅ่ฎพๅคไธ็ๆฌๅฐๆฐๆฎ็ป่ฟ่ฎพๅคๅ ๅฏไธ่นๆๅนถไธๆๆๅฏ้ฅ๏ผFBIๆ ๆณๆๅๅ ถไธญไฟกๆฏ๏ผ้ๆฑๅฉ่นๆๅ ฌๅธ่ฆๆฑ็ ด่งฃใไฝ่นๆไปฅ็ปดๆคๆๆ็จๆทๅฎๅ จไธบ็ฑๆ็ป็ผๅๅ้จๅบไปถๆฅ็ป่ฟๅฎๅ จ้ๅถ๏ผๅผๅไบไธๅบ่ๅ็ๆณๅพๆ้ฏen.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.orgใๆ็ปๆงๆณ้จ้จ่พ่ฝฌ้่ฟ็ฌฌไธๆนๅทฅๅ ท่งฃ้ไบๆๆบ๏ผไฝ่นๆ็็ซๅบๅๅๆ็กฎ๏ผๅณไพฟ้ขๅฏนๆๆไธปไนๆกไปถ๏ผไนไธไผไธบๅๆฌกไบไปถๅจ็ณป็ปไธญ็ไธๅ้จใ่ฟไธไบไปถๅธๆพๅบ็ฐไปฃiPhone่ฎพๅคๆฌๅฐๅ ๅฏไนๅผบๅคงโโๅจๆฒกๆ็จๆทๅฏ็ ็ๆ ๅตไธ๏ผๅณไฝฟ่ฟๅๅ้ฝๆ ่ฝไธบๅ๏ผ้ค้ๅฆ่พ่นๅพๅฏปๆฑ็ณป็ปๆ็กฌไปถๆผๆดใ
iCloud ๅจไธญๅฝไธ่ฑๅฝ็่ฎฟ้ฎไบ่ฎฎ
ๅจไธๅๅฝๅฎถ๏ผ่นๆๅด็ป็จๆทๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏไธๆฟๅบ็็ฎก็ๅๅผไนๅจไธๆผใไธญๅฝๆน้ข๏ผ่ช2018ๅนดไปฅๆฅ่นๆๅฐไธญๅฝๅคง้ iCloud ๆๅกไบค็ฑโไบไธ่ดตๅทโๅ ฌๅธ่ฟ่ฅ๏ผๆฐๆฎๅญๅจๅๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅๅ็ๅจๅขๅ zh.amnesty.orgใไพๆฎไธญๅฝใ็ฝ็ปๅฎๅ จๆณใ๏ผไบๆๅก่ฟ่ฅ่ ๆไนๅกไธบๆงๆณๅๅฝๅฎถๅฎๅ จๆบๅ ณๆไพโๆๆฏๆฏๆๅๅๅฉโzh.amnesty.orgใ่ฟๆๅณ็่ฅไธญๅฝ่ญฆๆนๅบไบๅไพฆ้่ฆๅไบไธ่ดตๅท่ฐๅๆ็จๆท็ iCloud ๆฐๆฎ๏ผ่ฏฅๅ ฌๅธๅฟ ้กป้ ๅๆไพ๏ผๅ ไนๆฒกๆๆ็ป็็ฉบ้ดzh.amnesty.orgใๆด้่ฆ็ๆฏ๏ผ่นๆๆไธญๅฝ็จๆท็ iCloud ๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅไนๅญๆพๅจไธญๅฝ๏ผไธๆฆๆถๅฐๅๆณๅฝไปค่ฆๆฑ่งฃๅฏๆฐๆฎ๏ผ่นๆๅไบไธ่ดตๅทๅช่ฝ้ตไปzh.amnesty.orgใๆข่จไน๏ผๅจๆ ๅๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๆจกๅผไธ๏ผไธญๅฝๅฝๅฑๆ้ๅพ้่ฟๆณๅพๆๆฎต่ทๅๆฌๅฐๅญๅจ็iCloudๆๆๆฐๆฎใ่ฟๅผๅไบไบบไปฌๅฏน้็ง็ๆ ๅฟง๏ผๅฆๆๆฒกๆ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ๏ผไธญๅฝ็็จๆทๆฐๆฎๅฏ่ฝๅจๆฟๅบ่ฆๆฑไธ่ขซๆฅ็ใ็ถ่ๅฆๆ็จๆทๅผๅฏ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค๏ผไฝฟๅพ่นๆไนๆ ๆณ่งฃ่ฏปๅคไปฝๅ ๅฎน๏ผ้ฃไนๅณไพฟๅจไธญๅฝ๏ผๆญคไธพไปๆๆฏไธไธบ็จๆทไบๅๅฐไบๆด้ซ็็งๅฏๆง๏ผๅๆๆฏไธญๅฝๅฐๅบๅ ่ฎธๅผๅฏADPโโๆช่ณ็ฎๅ๏ผ่นๆๅนถๆชๅจไธญๅฝ็ฆ็จ่ฏฅๅ่ฝ๏ผๅฝๅบ็จๆทไพ็ถๅฏไปฅ่ช่กๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.com๏ผใ
ๅ็่ฑๅฝ็ๆ ๅตใ่ฑๅฝๆฟๅบ่ฟๅนดไปฅๆๅป็ฏ็ฝชๅๆๆไธปไนไธบ็ฑ๏ผไธๆญๅ็งๆๅ ฌๅธๆฝๅ่ฆๆฑๆไพๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎ็ๅ้จ่ฎฟ้ฎๆใ2023ๅนดๅบ๏ผ่ฑๅฝๆดๅผใ่ฐๆฅๆๅๆณใ(IPA)็งๅฏๅ่นๆๅๅบโๆๆฏ่ฝๅ้็ฅโ๏ผTCN๏ผ๏ผ่ฆๆฑ่นๆๅจๅ จ็่ๅดๅ ไธบ่ฑๅฝๅฎๅ จ้จ้จๆไพๅฏนๅ ๅฏiCloudๅ ๅฎน็่งฃ้้ๅพcnbeta.com.twใ่ฟๅฎ้ ไธ็ญๅไบ่ฆๆฑ่นๆ็ ดๅๅ ถ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏไฝ็ณป๏ผ็ๅบไธไธชๅชๆๆฟๅบ่ฝ็จ็ๅ้จใ่นๆๅฏนๆญคๆญ็ถๆ็ป๏ผๅนถๅๅบๅผบ็กฌๅๅบ๏ผๅฎๆฟๆค้คๅจ่ฑๆๅก๏ผไนไธไผๅฆฅๅๅฎๅ จๅบ็บฟcnbeta.com.twใ็ปๆๆฏ๏ผ่นๆ้ๆฉๅจ่ฑๅฝๅขๅ ๅๆญขๆไพ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๅ่ฝ็ปๆฐ็จๆทใๅทฒๆๅฏ็จADP็่ฑๅฝ็จๆท่ขซ้็ฅ้ๅจๅฎฝ้ๆๅ ๆๅจๅฐๅ ถๅ ณ้ญ๏ผๅฆๅๅฐๆ ๆณ็ปง็ปญไฝฟ็จiCloudๅคไปฝcnbeta.com.twใ่นๆๅจๅฃฐๆไธญ่กจ็คบๅฏนๆญคๆทฑๆๅคฑๆ๏ผไฝไธบไบ้ตๅฎๅฝๅฐๆณๅพๅซๆ ไปๆณcnbeta.com.twใไธ้ข่ฟๅผ ๆชๅพๆพ็คบไบ่ฑๅฝ็จๆทๅจ็ณป็ปไธญ็ๅฐ็ๆ็คบไฟกๆฏ๏ผๆ็กฎๅ็ฅADPๆๅกไธๅๅฏ็จ
่นๆ้ๅฏน่ฑๅฝๅฐๅบๅๅบ็ADPๅ่ฝ่ฐๆด้็ฅใ่ฑๅฝๆฟๅบ่ฆๆฑ่ฝๅค่งฃๅฏ็จๆทๆฐๆฎ๏ผ่ฟซไฝฟ่นๆๆคๅไบๅฏน่ฑๅฝ็จๆท็ๆฐ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๅคไปฝๆฏๆcnbeta.com.twcnbeta.com.twใ่นๆๅฃฐๆๅผบ่ฐๅชๆ็จๆทๆฌไบบๆ่ฝ่งฃ่ฏปๅ ถๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎ๏ผๅนถ้็ณไธไผๅจไบงๅไธญ็ไธๆงๆณๅ้จcnbeta.com.twใ
่ฟไธ่ฑๅฝๅ ๅค็็ฝ่งไธพๆช่กจๆ๏ผๅๅฝๆฟๅบๆญฃๆฅ็้่งๅ ๅฏๅธฆๆฅ็ๆงๆณ้็ข๏ผ่่นๆๅๅจๅนณ่กก็จๆท้็งๅๆณๅพ่ฆๆฑไน้ด่ตฐ้ขไธใๅฐฝ็ฎก่ฑๅฝ็ๆ ๅต่ฟซไฝฟ่นๆ่ฎฉๆญฅ๏ผๅๆถๅฝๅฐADP๏ผ๏ผไฝ่นๆๅนถๆช็็ไธบๆฟๅบๆ้ ่งฃๅฏๅ้จ๏ผ่ๆฏ้่ฟ้ๅถๅ่ฝๆฅ่กจๆๆๅบฆโโ่ฟไธๅ ถ้ฟๆ็ซๅบไธ่ด๏ผ็ปไธๅจๅ ๅฏไบงๅไธญ็ๅ้จ๏ผๅณไฝฟๆฟๅไธๅกไธ็ๆๅคฑcnbeta.com.twใ
้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคไธๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅ
้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค๏ผADP๏ผ ๆฏ่นๆไบ iOS 16.2 ๅผๅ ฅ็ไธ้กนๅฏ้ๅ่ฝ๏ผๅ ถๆ ธๅฟๆฏๅจ็จๆท้ๆฉๅผๅฏๅ๏ผๅฐๅ ๆฌ่ฎพๅคๅคไปฝๅจๅ ็ๅคง้จๅ iCloud ๆฐๆฎๅ็บงไธบ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๅญๅจsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใๅผๅฏADPๆไธคไธชๅๆ๏ผ่ดฆๆทๅทฒๅฏ็จๅ้่ฎค่ฏ๏ผไปฅๅ่ฎพ็ฝฎไบ่ดฆๆทๆขๅค่็ณปไบบๆๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅ๏ผไปฅ้ฒ็จๆท้ๅคฑ่ฎฟ้ฎๆ้support.apple.comsupport.apple.comใๅจADPๆจกๅผไธ๏ผAppleไธๅๆๆ็ปๅคง้จๅไบๆฐๆฎ็่งฃ้ๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ่ฟไบๅฏ้ฅๅชๅญๅจไบ็จๆท็ๅไฟกไปป่ฎพๅคไธญsupport.apple.comใ่ฟๆๅณ็๏ผๅณไพฟ่นๆๅ ฌๅธๆถๅฐๆฟๅบ็ดขๅๆฐๆฎ็่ฆๆฑๆๅ ถๆๅกๅจ้ญ้ปๅฎขๆปๅป๏ผๆฒกๆๅฏ้ฅ็ๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎๅฏนไปปไฝ็ฌฌไธๆน้ฝๆฏๆ ๆไน็ไนฑ็ ใๆญฃๅฆ่นๆๅฃฐๆๆ่จ๏ผโๅชๆๆฅๆๆฐๆฎ็็จๆทๆ่ฝ่งฃๅฏ๏ผApple ๆ ๆณ่ฎฟ้ฎ็ซฏๅฏน็ซฏๅ ๅฏ็ๆฐๆฎโcnbeta.com.twใๅฏไปฅ่ฏด๏ผADPๅฐ็จๆทไบๆฐๆฎ็ไธปๅฏผๆๅฎๅ จไบค่ฟ็ป็จๆท่ชๅทฑ๏ผไป่ๅฝปๅบๆถ้คไบ่นๆๆน้ขๆฝๅจ็ๆฐๆฎๆณ้ฒ็นใ
ไธบไบ่ฟไธๆญฅๅขๅผบ่ดฆๆทๅฎๅ จ๏ผ่นๆๅจ_iOS 16.3_ๅผๅงๆฏๆ็ปๅฎๅฎไฝๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅฆ YubiKey๏ผไฝไธบ Apple ID ็้ขๅคไธคๆญฅ้ช่ฏๆนๅผsspai.comใ่ฟๅปApple ID็ปๅฝไธป่ฆไพ่ตๅฏ็ +ๅ้ๅฐๅไฟก่ฎพๅค็้ช่ฏ็ ๏ผไฝๅๅฆ็จๆทApple IDๅฏ็ ๆณ้ฒ๏ผๆปๅป่ ๅฏ่ฝๅฉ็จ็คพไผๅทฅ็จ่ทๅ้ช่ฏ็ ใ่ๅผๅ ฅๅฎไฝๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅๅ๏ผ็จๆทๅฏไปฅ่ฆๆฑไปปไฝๆฐ็็ปๅฝๅฐ่ฏ้ฝๅฟ ้กปๆไพ็ฉ็ๅฏ้ฅ่ฎค่ฏๆ่ฝๅฎๆใ่ฟ็ธๅฝไบ็ป Apple ID ไธไบไธๆโ็กฌไปถ้โใๅฏนไบๆฏ็นๅธๆๆ่ ่่จ๏ผ่ฟไธๆญฅ้ๅธธๅผๅพ้ ็ฝฎ๏ผๅณไฝฟ้ปๅฎข้ชๅไบๆจ็่นๆ่ดฆๅทๅฏ็ ๏ผๆฒกๆๆจ็YubiKeyๆๅ็ฑปFIDO2ๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅ๏ผไปไปๆ ๆณ็ปๅฝๆจ็iCloudๆๅ็จๆจ็ADPใๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅๆฌ่บซๅ ทๆ้ฒ้้ฑผ็นๆง๏ผๅฎไธไผๆๅฏ่ขซ้็จ็ๆบๅฏๆณ้ฒ็ปๅ็ฝ็ซ๏ผๅๅ ไธๅฏ้ฅ็ง่ไบ็กฌไปถๅ ้จไธๅฏๅฏผๅบ๏ผไฝฟๅพ่ดฆๆทไฟๆค่พพๅฐๆฐ็้ซๅบฆsspai.comsspai.comใ็ฎ่่จไน๏ผ**โADP + ็กฌไปถๅฎๅ จๅฏ้ฅโ**็็ปๅไธบ็จๆทไบๆฐๆฎๆ้ ไบๅ้ๆคๅๆฒณ๏ผๅ่ ็กฎไฟไบไธๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏไธ่ขซ็ชฅๆข๏ผๅ่ ็กฎไฟ่ดฆๆทๆฌ่บซไธ่ขซๅซๆๅฉ็จใ
้่ฆๆณจๆ็ๆฏ๏ผๅฏ็จADPๅๅฆๆ้ๅคฑๆๆ่ฎพๅคไธๅฟ่ฎฐๅฏ็ ๏ผ่นๆๆ ๆณๅธฎๆจๆพๅๆฐๆฎsupport.apple.comใ่ฟๅฐฑๅๆจๆไฟ้ฉ็ฎฑ้ฅๅๅชๆกๅจ่ชๅทฑๆ้่ไธไบค็ปไปปไฝไบบไฟ็ฎก๏ผๅ ถๅฎๅ จๆง็ฉบๅๆ้ซ๏ผไฝไนๆๅณ็่ดฃไปปๅฎๅ จๅจๆจใๅ ๆญค่ฏทๅกๅฟ ็ข่ฎฐApple IDๅฏ็ ๏ผไฟ็ฎกๅฅฝๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅๆ็ดงๆฅ่็ณปไบบใไธๆฆๅนณ่กกๅฅฝไพฟๅฉไธๅฎๅ จ๏ผ่ฟๅฅๆบๅถๅฐไธบๆจ็ๆฐๅญ่ตไบงๆไพๅ ชๆฏ็กฌไปถ้ฑๅ ็ไบ็ซฏไฟ้ใ
ๅ้จๅฏ้ฅไธ็ง้ฅไธๅฏๆๅๆง
็ฐไปฃๅ ๅฏไฝ็ณป็่ฎพ่ฎกไฝฟๅพ็จๆท็ง้ฅไธ่ฎพๅค็ฏๅขๅฏไธๅฏๅใๅจ่นๆ็็ๆไธญ๏ผๆฏๅฐ่ฎพๅค้ฝๆฅๆ็ฑ็กฌไปถ็ๆ็ๅฏไธๅ ๅฏๆ นๅฏ้ฅใไพๅฆ๏ผๅฎๅ จ้ๅบ๏ผSecure Enclave๏ผๅ ๅตๅ ฅไบ่ฎพๅคๅฏไธๆ ่ฏ็ฌฆUIDไฝไธบๆ นๅฏ้ฅ๏ผUID็ฑๅฎๅ จ็กฌไปถ้ๆบ็ๆๅนถ็งๅฝ่ณ่ฏ็ไธญhelp.apple.comใ่ฟไธชUIDๆขไธไธไปปไฝๅ ถไป่ฎพๅคๆ ่ฏ็ธๅ ณ๏ผไนๆ ๆณ่ขซ่ฎพๅคๅค็ไปปไฝไบบ๏ผๅ ๆฌ่นๆๅฎๆน๏ผ่ทๅhelp.apple.comใๅๆถ๏ผ็จๆท็่งฃ้ๅฏ็ ไธ่ฏฅUID่ฟ่กๆฐๅญฆโไบค็ปโ๏ผentangle๏ผ๏ผๅ ฑๅๆดพ็ๅบๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅhelp.apple.comใๆข่จไน๏ผ่ฎพๅค็กฌไปถๅฏ้ฅๅ็จๆทๅฏ็ ๅ ฑๅๅณๅฎไบๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๆฒกๆ่ฟไธค่ ๅฐฑๆ ๆณ่ฟๅๅฏ้ฅใ่ฟไฝ็ฐไบ็จๆท็ง้ฅๅฏน่ฎพๅคๅ็จๆท่บซไปฝ็ๅผบ็ปๅฎโโ่นๆๆฒกๆ็ฌฌไธๆนๅฏ้ฅๅฏไปฅ็ป่ฟ่ฟไธ็ปๅฎๅ ณ็ณปhelp.apple.comhelp.apple.comใ
ไปๅฏ็ ๅญฆ่งๅบฆๆฅ็๏ผๅฆๆ่นๆ่ฏๅพๅจไธ่ฟฐไฝ็ณปไธญๆๅ ฅไธไธช้ขๅค็โๅ้จๅฏ้ฅโ๏ผๅฐ้ขไธดๅทจๅคง็ๆๆฏๅฐ้พ๏ผๅนถไธ่ฟๆ ท็ๅผๅธธๆๆ่ขซๅฏ่งใ่ฎพๆณ่นๆ้่ฟๅผๆ๏ผXOR๏ผๆ Shamir ๅฏ้ฅๅ ฑไบซ็ญๆนๅผ๏ผๅฐไธไธชๅ้จๅฏ้ฅไธ็จๆทๅฏ้ฅ็ปๅ๏ผ
- ๅฎ็ฐๅฑ้ข็ๅผๅธธ๏ผ็จๆท่ฎพๅคๅจๆญฃๅธธๆ ๅตไธๅบๅฝ่ฝๅค็ฌ็ซๅฎๆ่งฃๅฏ/็ญพๅๆไฝใๅฆๆๅ ๅ ฅ้่ๅฏ้ฅไปฝ้ข๏ผๆๅณ็่ฎพๅคๅๅญ็จๆท่ชๅทฑ็ๅฏ้ฅๆ ๆณๅฎๆๆไบ่งฃๅฏ๏ผๅฟ ้กปไพ่ต่นๆๆๆ็้ฃไธไปฝใ่ฟๆ ท็ๆนๅจไผ้ ๆ้ขๅค็ๅฏ้ฅๅๅๆญฅ้ชคๆๅผๅธธ็่งฃๅฏๅคฑ่ดฅใไพๅฆ๏ผ่ฅ่นๆๅฐๅ้จๅฏ้ฅไธ็จๆทๅฏ้ฅๅผๆ็ๆๅฎ้ ๅทฅไฝๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ้ฃไนๅ็จ็จๆทๅฏ้ฅๅฐๆ ๆณ่งฃๅฏๅบๆญฃ็กฎ็ปๆ๏ผ่ฎพๅคๅฏ่ฝ้่ฆ้้ปๅฐๅ่นๆๆๅกๅจ่ฏทๆฑๅฏ้ฅ็ๆฎตๆ่ฟ่ก้ขๅค่ฎก็ฎใ่ฟ็ฑป้้ขๆ็้ไฟกๆ่ฎก็ฎๆญฅ้ชคๅพๅฎนๆ่ขซๅฎๅ จ็ ็ฉถ่ ้่ฟๆต้ๅๆๆ้ๅๅทฅ็จๅ็ฐ็ซฏๅชใๅๆฏๅฆ้็จ Shamirโs Secret Sharing ็ญ้จ้ๆนๆก๏ผๅฆๆ่นๆๆๆไธไปฝๅฏ้ฅ็ข็๏ผ่ฎพๅคๅจ่งฃๅฏๆถๅฐฑ้่ฆๆปก่ถณ้จ้ๆกไปถ๏ผ่ฟ้ๅธธๆๅณ็้่ฆ่นๆ็ๅไธๆ้ข็ฝฎๅ ฌ้ฅ๏ผไป่ๅจๅ่ฎฎๆฅๅฟไธญ็ไธๅผๅธธ็่ฟนใไปปไฝๅ็ฆปๅธธ่งๅ่ฎฎ็ๅๆณโโๆ ่ฎบๆฏๅคไผ ่พไธๆฎตๆฐๆฎ๏ผ่ฟๆฏๅคไฟๅญไธๆฎตๅฏ้ฅไฟกๆฏโโ้ฝๅฏ่ฝๆไธบ็ ็ฉถ่ ๆๆ็็บฟ็ดขใๅๅฒ็ป้ช่กจๆ๏ผๅฏ็ ๅ่ฎฎไธญ็โๅฅๆชไนๅคโๅพๅพ้ข็คบๆฝๅจๆผๆดๆๅ้จ๏ผไพๅฆ NSA ๆจๅบ็ Dual_EC_DRBG ไผช้ๆบๆฐ็ๆๅจ็ฑไบไฝฟ็จไบๅผๅธธๅธธๆฐ๏ผ่ขซไธๅฎถ่ฟ ้ๆ็ๅญๅจๅ้จ๏ผ่ๅๅฏ็ ๅญฆๅฎถๆฝๅฅๅฐ๏ผBruce Schneier๏ผๅฐฑๆพ็ด่จ Dual_EC_DRBG ไธญ็ๅ้จโ็ธๅฝๆๆพโ๏ผๅผๅไธ็ๅๆญขไฝฟ็จen.wikipedia.orgใ็ฑๆญคๅฏ่ง๏ผ่ฏๅพๆไธญๆๅ ฅ้ขๅคๅฏ้ฅไผๅจๆฐๅญฆๅฎ็ฐไธ็ไธ็ ด็ปฝ๏ผ่่ตๆทฑๅฏ็ ๅญฆ่ ๅๅฎๅ จ็คพๅบๆ่ถณๅค่ฝๅ่ฏๅซ่ฟไบๅๅธธไนๅคใ
่ฟไธๆญฅ๏ผไป้จ้็ญพๅ็่ฎบๅฏนๆฏ่นๆ็ฐๆๅฏ้ฅ็ฎก็๏ผๅฏไปฅๅ ๆทฑ่ฟไธไธๅฏ่กๆง็็่งฃใ้จ้ๅฏ็ ๅญฆๅ ่ฎธๅฐๅฏ้ฅๆๅ็ปๅคๆนๆๆ๏ผๅชๆ่พพๅฐ้ขๅฎ้จๆง็ไปฝ้ขๆ่ฝ้ๆๅฏ้ฅๆๆง่ก็ญพๅ่งฃๅฏtoc.csail.mit.edumedium.comใๅ ถไผ็นๅจไบๆ้ซไบๅฏ้ฅๆ็ฎก็ๅฎๅ จๆง๏ผ้่ฆๅคๆนๅไฝๆ่ฝ่งฃ้็งๅฏใ็ถ่๏ผ่ฟ็งๆบๅถๆฏๅ ฌๅผ่ฎพ่ฎก็ไธ้จๅ๏ผๅๅไธๆนๅๆต็จ้ฝๆฏๆ็คบ็ใไพๅฆๅจๆไบๅบๅ้พๅค้็ญพๅๆนๆกไธญ๏ผๅคไธช็ง้ฅๆๆ่ ๅ ฑๅ็ๆไบคๆ็ญพๅ๏ผๆฏไธชไบบ้ฝ็ฅๆ้จ้ๆบๅถ็ๅญๅจใ็ธ่พไนไธ๏ผ่นๆๅจไบงๅไธญ็ๅฏ้ฅ็ฎก็่ฆไนๆฏๅฎๅ จ็ฑ็จๆท็ซฏๆๆกๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅฆiPhoneๆฌๅฐๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏ๏ผๅฏ้ฅๅญๅจSecure Enclaveไธญ๏ผ๏ผ่ฆไนๆฏๅจ็จๆท่ฎธๅฏไธ็ฑ่นๆไปฃ็ฎก๏ผๅฆไผ ็ปiCloudไบๅคไปฝๆชๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงๅ ๅฏๆถ๏ผ่นๆไฟๅญๅคไปฝๅฏ้ฅ๏ผใ่นๆๅนถๆฒกๆๅ ฌๅผ้็จโไธคๆน้จ้โ็ๆจกๅผๆฅๅ็จๆทๅไบซๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅฆๅ็ญไบๅฃฐๆโ็จๆทๅๆนๆ ๆณๅฎๅ จๆๆง่ชๅทฑ็่งฃๅฏๆโใๅฆๆ่นๆๆไธญ้็จ้จ้็ญพๅ่ฎฉ่ชๅทฑๆๆไธไปฝๅฏ้ฅ็ข็๏ผๆฌ่ดจไธๅฐฑๆฏไธ็ง**ๅ็ธๅฏ้ฅๆ็ฎก๏ผEscrow๏ผ**่กไธบใ่ฟๆ ท็ๅๆณไผๆๆพๅ็ฆป่นๆๅฎฃ็งฐ็้ถๅ้จ็ซๅบ๏ผไธๅ ถๅจ้็งๆฟ็ญไธญๅๅคๅผบ่ฐ็ๅๅ็ธ่ฟ่ใๅผๅพๆณจๆ็ๆฏ๏ผ่นๆๅจๅ ถๅฎๆน้็งๅฃฐๆไธญๆ็กฎ่กจ็คบ๏ผโๆไปฌไปๆชๅจไปปไฝไบงๅๆๆๅกไธญๅๅปบ่ฟๅ้จๆไธ่ฝ่งฃ้ไธปๅฏ้ฅโapple.comใๅ ๆญค๏ผไป็่ฎบๅๅฎ่ทตๅ้ๅฑ้ขๆฅ็๏ผ็จๆท็ง้ฅไธๆฝๅจๅ้จๅฏ้ฅๆฏ้พไปฅๅจไธ่ขซๅ็ฐ็ๆ ๅตไธๆๅๅญๅจ็ใไปปไฝ่ฏๅพๅฐไบ่ ่งฃ่ฆ็ไธพๆช้ฝไผๅผ่ตทไฝ็ณปๆถๆ็ๅผๅธธ๏ผ่ฟ่้พ้ไธๅฎถๆณ็ผใ
ๅ ๅฏ็คพๅบๅฏนๅ้จ็ๅ็ฐไธๅฎก่ฎก
ๅจๅฝไป็ๅฎๅ จ็ๆไธญ๏ผไธๅญๅจโๆๆ ๅฃฐๆฏ็ๅ้จโใไธๆฆๅๅ่ฏๅพๅจๅ ๅฏๆนๆกไธญๆบๅ ฅๅ้จๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅ จ็็ๅฏ็ ๅญฆ็คพๅบๅๅฎๅ จ็ ็ฉถไบบๅ้ฝๆๅค็งๆๆฎตๅฐๅ ถๆชๅบใไธ้ขไปๅ ไธชๆน้ขๆฆ่ฟฐ็คพๅบๅธธ็จ็ๅ้จๆฃๆตไธๅฎก่ฎกๆนๆณ๏ผ
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ๅผๆบๅ่ฎฎๅๆ๏ผๅฎๅ จไธๅฎถๅๅฅฝๅผๆบ็่ฝฏไปถๅๅ่ฎฎ๏ผๅ ไธบๆบ็ ้ๆๆๅณ็ไปปไฝๅฏ็็็ฎๆณไฟฎๆนใๅฏ้ฅๅค็ๆต็จ้ฝๆด้ฒๅจๅ ฌไผ่ง้ไธญใ้่ฟ้ ่ฏปๅๅฝขๅผๅๅๆๅ ฌๅผ็ๅ่ฎฎ่ง่๏ผ็ ็ฉถ่ ๅฏไปฅๅ็ฐๆฏๅฆๆๅคไฝ็ๅฏ้ฅไบคๆขๆญฅ้ชคๆๅผๅธธ็ๅๆฐใไพๅฆ๏ผSignal้ไฟกๅ่ฎฎ็ๆบไปฃ็ ๅๆๆฏ็ป่ๆฏๅฎๅ จๅ ฌๅผ็๏ผๅ จ็ไธๅฎถๆพๅคๆฌกๅฎก้ ๅ ถๅฎ็ฐ๏ผ้ช่ฏๅ ถ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๆชๅญๅจๅ้จlinkedin.comใไบๅฎ่ฏๆ๏ผๅ ฌๅผ้ๆๅธฆๆฅ็ๆฏๆดไธฅ่็็็ฃ๏ผไปปไฝ้็งๅ ๅ ฅ็ๅฏ้ฅๅๆฐ้ฝๆๅฏ่ฝ่ขซๅฎก่ฎกไบบๅๅ็ฐใๆญฃๅฆไธๅ ไบบๅฃซๆๆๅบ็๏ผSignal ้็จๅผๆพๆบ็ ๆๅณ็ๅฎๅ จไธๅฎถๅฏไปฅ็ฌ็ซๅฎก่ฎกๅ ถไปฃ็ ไปฅๆ ธๅฎๅฎๅ จๆงlinkedin.comใ็ฑปไผผๅฐ๏ผ่ฎธๅค็ฐไปฃๅ ๅฏๅบ้ฝไผ็ป่ฟ็คพๅบๅฎก่ง๏ผไปฅ็กฎไฟๅ ถไธญๆฒกๆโๆ้จโใ
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้ๅๅทฅ็จไธไบ่ฟๅถๅฎก่ฎก๏ผๅฏนไบ้ญๆบ็่ฝฏไปถ๏ผไพๅฆ่นๆ่ช่บซ็็ณป็ป็ปไปถ๏ผ๏ผๅฎๅ จ็ ็ฉถ่ ไผ่ฟ็จ้ๅๅทฅ็จๆๆฏๆฅๅๆๅบ็จ็ไบ่ฟๅถไปฃ็ ๅ่ฟ่กๆถ่กไธบใไธๆฆ่นๆ็ๅ ๅฏๅฎ็ฐๅญๅจๆชๅ ฌๅผ็ๅฏ้ฅไฝฟ็จ๏ผๆฏๅฆๅจๆฌๅฐ็จๅบไธญๅผ็จไบๆไธช็ฅ็งๅธธ้ๆ่ฐ็จไบ้่็ๅฏ้ฅ่งฃๅฏๅฝๆฐ๏ผ้ๅๅทฅ็จๅพๅพ่ฝ่ฟๅ่ฟไบ้ป่พใไธไธๅข้้่ฟ่ฐ่ฏใๅ็ผ่ฏใๅจๆๅ็น็ญๆนๅผ้็ฐๅ่ฎฎ็ๆกๆ่ฟ็จ๏ผๆฅ็ๆฏไธๆญฅ้ชคๆ็จ็ๅฏ้ฅๆๆใๅฆๆ่ฟ็จไธญๅบ็ฐไธๅฎๆนๆๆกฃไธ็ฌฆ็็ฏ่๏ผไพๅฆๆฌๅบ็ฑ็จๆท่ฎพๅค็ๆ็ๅฏ้ฅๅดไปๅค้จ่ทๅ๏ผ๏ผๅฐ็ซๅณๅผๅๆ็ใๆญคๅค๏ผๅฎๅ จ็คพๅบๅฎๆไธพๅ็ๆผๆดๆๆๅ็ ด่งฃๆๆ่ตไนๆฎๆผ้่ฆ่ง่ฒโโ้กถๅฐ้ปๅฎขไผ็ซ็ธๆป็ ด่นๆ่ฎพๅค็ๅ ๅฏๅฑ๏ผๅนถๅ ฌๅผๆฅๅๅ็ฐ็้ฎ้ขใ่ฟๅป่ฟไบๅชๅๆญ็คบไบไธไบๅฎ็ฐๆผๆด๏ผๅฆๅ ๅญ่ถ็ใ0dayๆปๅป้ๅพ๏ผ๏ผไฝไปๆชๆๅบโ่นๆ้ข็ไธ่ฝๅฏ้ฅโไน็ฑป็ๅ้จใไธไพๅ ธๅไบไปถๆฏ2017ๅนดๆ้ปๅฎขๆๅ่งฃๅฏไบSecure Enclaveๅบไปถไปฅ็ ็ฉถๅ ถไธญๆบ็๏ผ็ปๆ่ฏๅฎๅณไพฟๅๅพๅบไปถไปฃ็ ๏ผๆปๅป่ ไปๆ ๆณๆๅๅฐไปปไฝ็จๆทๅฏ้ฅๆๅ้จๅญ่ฏciso.economictimes.indiatimes.comใ่ฟไธ็ป่ฎบ่ฟไธๆญฅๅขๅผบไบไธ็ๅฏน่นๆๅ ๅฏๅฎ็ฐไธญๆ ๅ้จ็ไฟกๅฟใ
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็ฝ็ปๆต้ไธๅ่ฎฎ่กไธบๅๆ๏ผๅ ๅฏๅ่ฎฎๅพๅพๆถๅ่ฎพๅคไธๆๅกๅจ็ไบคไบๆต็จใ็ ็ฉถไบบๅไผๆๅ ๅ็ๆง่ฟไบ็ฝ็ปๆต้๏ผๅๆๅ่ฎฎๆกๆๆถไบคๆข็ๆถๆฏๆ ผๅผๅๅ ๅฎนใๅฆๆ่นๆๅฐ่ฏๅจๅฏ้ฅๅๅๆถๆไธญๆๅ ฅ่ชๅทฑ็ๅ ฌ้ฅๆ่ฏทๆฑ้ขๅคๆฐๆฎ๏ผๆต้ๅๆๅฐๆๆๅฐๅผๅธธ็ๆฅๆๆจกๅผใไพๅฆ๏ผๅจๆญฃๅธธ็็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ้ไฟกไธญ๏ผ่ฎพๅคไน้ดไบคๆขๅฝผๆญค็ๅ ฌ้ฅ่ฏไนฆ๏ผไธๅบๆ็ฌฌไธๆนๅ ฌ้ฅๆ็ถๅบ็ฐใ่ๆ่ฐโๅนฝ็ต็จๆทโๅ้จๆๆกๆญฃๆฏ่ฆๆฑๆๅกๆไพๅๅจ็พค่ไธญๅทๅทๅ ๅ ฅไธไธช็ไธ่ง็็ฌฌไธๆนๅ ฌ้ฅใ่ฟๆ ท็ๆนๆก่ขซๅนฟๆณๆน่ฏๅ ไธบๅฎ็ ดๅไบ็จๆท้ช่ฏ้ไฟกๅฏน็ซฏ่บซไปฝ็ๆบๅถ๏ผ้่ฆๆๅกๅจ้่้็ฅๆ่ฝๆฌบ้ช็จๆทlawfaremedia.orgใๅฏ็ ๅญฆๅฎถๆๅบ๏ผ่ฟๅฐๅๅผฑ่ฎค่ฏ่ฟ็จๅนถๅธฆๆฅๆฐๆผๆด๏ผๅ ๆญค้พไปฅๅจไธ่ขซๅ็ฐ็ๆ ๅตไธๅฎๆฝlawfaremedia.orgใ็ฑๆญคๅฏ่ง๏ผ้่ฟๆต้ๅผๅธธ่ฏๅซๆฝๅจๅ้จๆฏๅๅฎๅฏ่ก็ใๅฝๅนด็GCHQโๅนฝ็ต็จๆทโๅปบ่ฎฎไธๆๅบ๏ผๅฐฑ่ขซๅ ๆฌ่นๆๅจๅ ็ไธ็่ๅๆตๅถ๏ผ47ๅฎถๆบๆๅไธๅฎถ่ๅๅ ฌๅผไฟกๆๅบ่ฏฅๅๆณโๅฏน็ฝ็ปๅฎๅ จๆๆไธฅ้ๅจ่โinternetsociety.orgsilicon.co.uk๏ผๅฏ่ง็คพๅบๅฏน่ฟ็ฑปๅ้จๆๆฎตๆ้ซๅบฆ่ญฆๆๆงใ
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็ฌ็ซๅฎก่ฎกๅไฟกไปป้พ้ช่ฏ๏ผ่ฎธๅคๅฎๅ จๆๆ็ๅ ๅฏๅ่ฝไผๆฅๅ็ฌ็ซๆบๆ็ๅฎก่ฎก๏ผไปฅๅปบ็ซๅ ฌไผไฟกไปปใๆฏๅฆ่นๆ็ iCloud ้ฅๅไธฒ๏ผKeychain๏ผ ้็จๅคๅฑๅ ๅฏๅไฟกไปป้พๆบๅถ๏ผๅ ถ่ฎพ่ฎกๆๆกฃ่กจๆๆๆไฟกๆฏ็ๅฏ้ฅๅง็ป้่ฆSecure Enclaveๅไธๆ่ฝ่งฃ้techrepublic.comใๆ็ฌฌไธๆน่ฏไผฐๆๅบ๏ผ้ฅๅไธฒไธญ็็งๅฏๆฐๆฎๅณไพฟไฟๅญๅจไบ็ซฏไนๆฏ็ป่ฟ้ซๅผบๅบฆๅ ๅฏ็๏ผไปปไฝไบบ๏ผๅ ๆฌ่นๆ๏ผ้ฝๆ ๆณ็ดๆฅ่ฏปๅๆๆtechrepublic.comใ่ฟไธๆถๆ็ป่ฟๅค่ฝฎๅค้จๅฎๅ จไผ่ฎฎ็ ่ฎจๅๅญฆ่ ็ ็ฉถ๏ผ่ณไปๆชๅบ็ฐ่ขซๆคๅ ฅๅ้จ็่ฟน่ฑกใๅๆ ท๏ผ่นๆ่ฎพๅคไธญ็ Secure Enclave ๅฎๅ จ้ๅบ ไนๅคๆฌกๆไธบๅญฆๆฏ็ ็ฉถๅ้ปๅฎขๅคงไผ็็ฆ็นใ็ ็ฉถไบบๅ้่ฟๆปๅปSecure Enclaveๆพๅบไบๅฐๆฐๆผๆด๏ผไพๅฆๆฉๆA7-A11่ฏ็ๅญๅจ็กฌไปถ็บงๆผๆดciso.economictimes.indiatimes.comciso.economictimes.indiatimes.com๏ผ๏ผไฝ่ฟไบๆผๆดๅชๆฏๅฎ็ฐ็็ต๏ผๅนถ้ๆๆ็ๅบ็ๅ้จใๅฎ้ ไธ๏ผๆญฃๆฏ่ฟไบๅ ฌๅผ็ๅฎก่ฎกๅ็ ด่งฃๆๆ่ฏๆไบSecure Enclave็่ฎพ่ฎกๅ่กท๏ผๅณไฝฟๆปๅป่ ่ทๅพ็กฌไปถๆๅบไปถ่ฎฟ้ฎๆ๏ผไปๆ ๆณๆๅๅบไธปๅฏ้ฅciso.economictimes.indiatimes.comใๅญฆๆฏ็ๅ็ฝๅธฝ้ปๅฎข็คพๅบ้่ฟๅๅค็ๅฎกๆฅๅๆธ้ๆต่ฏ๏ผไธบ่นๆ็โ้ถๅ้จโๆฟ่ฏบๆไพไบๆๅ็่ไนฆใๆข่จไน๏ผๅ ๅฏ็คพๅบ็็ฌ็ซๅฎก่ฎกๆบๅถ็กฎไฟไบไปปไฝๅ้จ้ฝ้พไปฅ้่๏ผๅชๆ็ปๅพ่ตทๅๆนๆฃ้ช็็ณป็ป๏ผๆ่ฝ็ๆญฃ่ตขๅพ็จๆทไฟกไปปใ
็ปผไธๆ่ฟฐ๏ผๅจๅผบๅคง็็คพๅบ็็ฃไธ๏ผไปปไฝๅ้จๅฏ้ฅ็ๅญๅจ้ฝไผ็ไธ่ไธ้ฉฌ่ฟน๏ผๅนถๆ็ป่ขซๆๅ ใๆ ่ฎบๆฏๅ่ฎฎๅๆใ้ๅๅทฅ็จ่ฟๆฏๅฎ็ฝ็ๆต๏ผๅคๅฑๆฌก็ๆๆฎตไฝฟๅพๅๅๆ ๆณ็ฅไธ็ฅ้ฌผไธ่งๅฐๅจๆ็ๅ ๅฏๆนๆกไธญ่ๅ ฅๅ้จใ่ฟไนๆฏไธบไปไน่นๆ็ญๅ ฌๅธๅๅคๅผบ่ฐๆฒกๆๅ้จ๏ผไธๆฆๆ่ฐ๏ผ็ปๅฐ่ขซๆญ็ฉฟ๏ผไฟก็จ่ก็ถๆ ๅญใ
iCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒไฟกไปป้พไธ็ๅ จๅฑๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅ๏ผDEK๏ผๆบๅถ็ ็ฉถ
่นๆ็้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค๏ผAdvanced Data Protection๏ผๅผๅ ฅไบ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ๏ผๅฐๅคง้จๅ iCloud ๆฐๆฎ็ๅฏ้ฅไป ๅญๅจๅจ็จๆท็ๅไฟก่ฎพๅคไธsupport.apple.comใๅจ่ฏฅๆบๅถไธ๏ผๆฏไธช็จๆท็ iCloud ๅธๆท้ๅฏนๅๆฐๆฎ็ฑปๅซ็ๆ่ชๅทฑ็โๅ จๅฑโๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅ๏ผData Encryption Key, DEK๏ผ๏ผ่ฟไบๅฏ้ฅๅ iCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒ็ไฟกไปป้พๆบๅถไฟๆคใไธ้ขๅฐ่ฏฆ็ปๆข่ฎจๅ จๅฑย DEK ็็ๆใๅๅไธๅฐ่ฃ ๏ผๅค่ฎพๅคๅบๆฏไธ็็ๅฝๅจๆๅๅ๏ผไปฅๅ่นๆไฟ้ DEK ๅฎๅ จๅ็กฎไฟๆๅกๅจไปๆช่ทๅๆๆ DEK ็ๆๆฏๆๆฎตใ
ๅ จๅฑย DEKย ็็ๆใๆดๆฐไธ่ฝฎๆข
ๅๅง็ๆ๏ผๅฝ็จๆท้ฆๆฌกๅจๆฏๆ็่ฎพๅคไธๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๆถ๏ผ้่ฟ่ก iOS 16.2ใmacOS 13.1 ็ญๆฐ็็ณป็ป๏ผๅนถๅผๅฏๅ้่ฎค่ฏ๏ผ๏ผ็ณป็ปไผๅจ่ฏฅ่ฎพๅคไธๆฌๅฐ็ๆๅ จๅฑๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅใๅฎ้ ไธ๏ผๆฏไธชๅ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏไฟๆค็ iCloud ๆๅก๏ผไพๅฆไบๅคไปฝใ็ ง็ใ็ฌ่ฎฐ็ญ๏ผ้ฝๆๅ่ช็ CloudKit ๆๅกๅฏ้ฅๅฏน๏ผๅ ถ็ง้ฅ็จไฝ่ฏฅ็ฑปๅซๆฐๆฎ็ไธปๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใ่ฟไบๆๅกๅฏ้ฅไฝฟ็จๅฎๅ จ้ๆบ็ฎๆณๅจ็จๆทๅไฟก่ฎพๅคไธๅๅปบ๏ผๅ ทๆๅฏไธๆง๏ผๅนถ็ฑ่ฎพๅค็ๅฎๅ จ็กฌไปถไฟๆคใๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๆถ๏ผ่ฎพๅคไผๅฐไนๅ็ฑ่นๆไฟๅญ็ไบ็ซฏๅฏ้ฅไป่นๆ็็กฌไปถๅฎๅ จๆจกๅ๏ผHSM๏ผไธญๅ ้ค๏ผๅนถ็ๆๆฐ็ๆๅกๅฏ้ฅ๏ผไปฅๆน็จไป ๅญๅจๅจ็จๆท่ฎพๅคไธ็ๅฏ้ฅๆฅๅ ๅฏไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใ่ฟไธ่ฟ็จ็กฎไฟๅ จๅฑย DEK๏ผๅณๅๆๅก็ๆฐๅฏ้ฅ๏ผไป ๅญๅจไบ็จๆทๅไฟก่ฎพๅคไธ๏ผ่นๆๆๅกๅจ็ซฏไธๅๆๆๅ ถๅฏๆฌใ
ๆฏๅฆๅๅๅไฝๆถๅๅ๏ผๅจๆญฃๅธธไฝฟ็จไธญ๏ผๅ จๅฑย DEK๏ผๅๆๅกๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ็็ง้ฅไธ็ป็ๆไผไฟๆ็จณๅฎ๏ผ็จไบๆ็ปญๅ ๅฏ่งฃๅฏ็จๆทๆฐๆฎ๏ผๅนถไธไผ้ข็นๆดๆขใๅฏๆๅจ็นๅฎไบไปถไธๆไผ่ฝฎๆขๆๆดๆฐๅฏ้ฅ๏ผไพๅฆ็จๆทๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๆถ็ณป็ป่งฆๅ็ไธๆฌกๆงๅฏ้ฅ่ฝฎๆข๏ผไปฅๅ็จๆทๅๆฅๅ ณ้ญ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๆๆ็ๅฏ้ฅๆณ้ฒๆถ็ๆ ๅตsupport.apple.comใ่นๆๆๆกฃๆๅบ๏ผๅฝ็จๆทๆๅผ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๆถ๏ผ่ฎพๅคไผๅฏๅจๅผๆญฅๅฏ้ฅ่ฝฎๆขๆไฝ๏ผไธบๆญคๅๅญๅจไบ่นๆๆๅกๅจ็ๆฏไธชๆๅกๅๅปบๆฐ็ๆๅกๅฏ้ฅsupport.apple.comใๆฐๆฐๆฎ้ๅไฝฟ็จๆฐๅฏ้ฅๅ ๅฏ๏ผๆงๅฏ้ฅๆ ๆณ่งฃๅฏๆฐๆฐๆฎsupport.apple.comใๅๆ ทๅฐ๏ผๅฝ็จๆทๅ ณ้ญ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค่ฟๅๆ ๅไฟๆคๆถ๏ผ่ฎพๅคไผๅฐๅๆฌไป ๅญไบๆฌๅฐ็ๆฐๅฏ้ฅไธไผ ๅ่นๆHSM๏ผๅนถๅฏๆขๅคไฝฟ็จๅ ๅ็ๆงๅฏ้ฅsupport.apple.comใๅ ๆญค๏ผๅฏไปฅๆป็ป๏ผๅๅงๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงไฟๆคๆถไผ็ๆๅนถๅๆขๅฐๆฐ็ๅ จๅฑย DEK๏ผๆญคๅ่ฟไบๅฏ้ฅไฟๆไธๅ๏ผๅฆ็จๆทๅ ณ้ญๅ่ฝๅๆขๅคๆงๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ้ค้ๅๆฌกๅฏ็จๆๅ็ๅฎๅ จไบไปถ๏ผ็ณป็ป้ๅธธไธไผไธปๅจๆดๆขๅ จๅฑย DEKใ
ๅผๅพๆณจๆ็ๆฏ๏ผๅจๆ็ซฏๆ ๅตไธๅฆๆ็จๆทๆ็ๅฏ้ฅๆณ้ฒๆ่ฎพๅคๅคฑ็ช๏ผ็จๆทๅฏไปฅ้ๆฉ้่ฟ้็ฝฎๆดไธช็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ็ฏๅข๏ผไพๅฆๅ ๅ ณ้ญๅ้ๆฐๅผๅฏ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค๏ผๆฅ่งฆๅๆฐ็ย DEK ็ๆ๏ผไป่ไฟๆคไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎๅฎๅ จใ็ถ่๏ผๆญคๆไฝไผ่ฆๆฑๆๆ่ฎพๅค้ๆฐๅ ๅ ฅไฟกไปป้พ๏ผๅนถ้ๆฐไธไผ ๆฐๆฎๅฏๆฌๅ ๅฏๅๅญๅจใ
ๅค่ฎพๅค็ฏๅขไธ DEK ็ๅๅไธๅฐ่ฃ
ไฟกไปป้พๆบๅถ๏ผ ่นๆไฝฟ็จ iCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒ็ไฟกไปป้พ๏ผๅ็งฐๅๆญฅๅ๏ผcircle of trust๏ผๆฅๅจๅค่ฎพๅค้ดๅฎๅ จๅๆญฅๅ จๅฑย DEKใๅฏ็จไบ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๅ๏ผๅฑไบ็จๆท Apple ID ็ๆๆๅไฟก่ฎพๅคๅ ฑๅๆๆไธไธชๅ ๅฏไฟกไปป้พ๏ผๆฏๅฐ่ฎพๅค้ฝๆไธๅฏน็จไบๅๆญฅ็้ๅฏน็งฐๆคญๅๆฒ็บฟๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅฆ P-384๏ผsupport.apple.comใๅฝ็ฌฌไธๅฐ่ฎพๅค็ๆๅ จๅฑย DEK ๅ๏ผๅฎไผๅฐ่ฟไบๅฏ้ฅๅ ๅ ฅ่ช่บซ็ iCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒไฟๆคๅ๏ผๅนถ้่ฟ CloudKit ๅฎๅ จๅฐๅ ฑไบซ็ป็จๆท็ๅ ถไป่ฎพๅคsupport.apple.comใๅ ทไฝ่่จ๏ผ่ฎพๅคไผ็ปดๆคไธไปฝๅไฟก่ฎพๅค็ๅ ฌ้ฅๅ่กจ๏ผๅนถไฝฟ็จ่ช่บซ็็ง้ฅๅฏนๅ่กจ็ญพๅๅๅญๅจไบ iCloud๏ผๅชๆๆๆ็จๆท่ดฆๆทๅฏ็ ๆ่ฎพๅค็ง้ฅ่ ๆ่ฝ่ฏปๅๆ็ฏกๆน่ฟไปฝๅ่กจsupport.apple.comใ่ฟไธๆบๅถไฟ่ฏไบๅชๆ็ป่ฟ็จๆทๆๆๅ ๅ ฅไฟกไปป้พ็่ฎพๅคๆ่ฝ่ทๅย DEK๏ผๅ ถไฝไปปไฝ็ฌฌไธๆน๏ผๅ ๆฌ่นๆๆๅกๅจ๏ผ้ฝๆ ๆณ่ฏปๅไฟกไปป้พไธญ็ๅฏ้ฅๆฐๆฎsupport.apple.comใ
ๅฏ้ฅไผ ้ไธๅฐ่ฃ ๏ผๅจๅค่ฎพๅคๅบๆฏไธ๏ผๆฏๅฐ่ฎพๅค้ฝไผๆๆๅ จๅฑย DEK๏ผๅๆๅก็ง้ฅ๏ผ็ไธไธชๅฏๆฌ๏ผไฝ่ฟไบๅฏๆฌๅง็ปไปฅๅฎๅ จๅ ๅฏๅฝขๅผๅฐ่ฃ ๅๅไผ ่พๅๅญๅจใไพๅฆ๏ผๅฝ็จๆทๆฐๅขไธๅฐๅไฟก่ฎพๅคๆถ๏ผๆฐ่ฎพๅคไผ็ๆ่ชๅทฑ็ๅๆญฅๅฏ้ฅๅฏนๅนถๅไบ็ซฏๅๅบๅ ๅ ฅไฟกไปป้พ็่ฏทๆฑsupport.apple.comใๅทฒๆ็ไธๅฐๅไฟก่ฎพๅค๏ผ้ๅธธๆฏ็จๆทไธปๅจๅจๅ ถไธๅๆๆฐๅข่ฎพๅค๏ผไผ้ช่ฏ่ฏฅ่ฏทๆฑๅนถ้่ฟ ่ฎพๅค้ดๅฎๅ จไฟก้ ไผ ่พย DEK ๅฏๆฌ็ปๆฐ่ฎพๅคsupport.apple.comใๅจๆญค่ฟ็จไธญ๏ผ็ฐๆ่ฎพๅคไผๅฉ็จๆฐ่ฎพๅค็ๅ ฌ้ฅๆฅๅ ๅฏๅฐ่ฃ ย DEK๏ผๆๅๆน้่ฟๆคญๅๆฒ็บฟ Diffie-Hellman๏ผECDH๏ผๅๅไผ่ฏๅฏ้ฅๆฅไผ ้ย DEK๏ผไป่็กฎไฟๅชๆ็ฎๆ ๆฐ่ฎพๅค่ฝ่งฃๅผๅฏ้ฅๅ ่ฃ ใ่นๆๆชๅ ฌๅผๅ ทไฝ็จๅช็ง็ฎๆณๅฐ่ฃ ๏ผไฝไธ็ๅธธ็จๆนๆกๅ ๆฌ AES ๅฏ้ฅๅฐ่ฃ ็ฎๆณ๏ผAES-KW๏ผ ๆ AES-GCM ็ฎๆณ ๅฏนไผ่ฏๅฏ้ฅๅ ๅฏsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใๅฏไปฅๆจๆต๏ผApple ้็จไบ็ฌฆๅ NIST ๆ ๅ็ AES-256 ็ฎๆณๅฏนๅฏน็งฐย DEK ่ฟ่กไบๆฌกๅ ๅฏๅ ่ฃ ๏ผๅนถ็ปๅ่ฎพๅค็้ๅฏน็งฐๅฏ้ฅ่ฟ่กๅฏ้ฅไบคๆข/ๅ ๅฏ๏ผไปฅๅฎ็ฐ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏ็ๅฎๅ จไผ ้ใ
ๆฌๅฐๅญๅจไธไฟๆค๏ผๅฝ่ฎพๅคๆฅๆถๅฐๅฐ่ฃ ็ย DEK ๅ๏ผไผๅจๆฌๅฐๅฐๅ ถ่งฃๅฏๅนถๅฎๅ จไฟๅญไบ่ฎพๅค็ Keychain ไธญใๆๆย DEK ็ง้ฅไป ๅญๅจไบ่ฎพๅค็ๅฎๅ จ้ๅบไธญ๏ผไพๅฆย iPhone ็ๅฏ้ฅไฟๅญๅจ Data Protection ็ฑป้ฅๅไธฒ้กนไธ๏ผๅนถๅ Secure Enclave ๅๅค็ๅจไฟๆค๏ผ่ฎฟ้ฎ้้่ฟ็จๆท่ฎพๅค่งฃ้๏ผsupport.apple.comใ่ฟๆ ท่ฎพ่ฎกไฟ่ฏๅณไฝฟ่ฎพๅค้ๅคฑๆ่ขซๆป็ ด๏ผๆช่งฃ้็ถๆไธ่ฎพๅคไธ็ย DEK ไพ็ถ้พไปฅๆๅใๆปไน๏ผๅค่ฎพๅค็ฏๅขไธ๏ผๆฏๅฐๅไฟก่ฎพๅค้ฝๆๆๅ จๅฑย DEK ๅฏๆฌ๏ผไฝๅง็ป้่ฟ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ็ๆนๅผๅๆญฅไธๅญๅจ๏ผไผ ่พ่ฟ็จไธญไฝฟ็จๅ ฌ้ฅๅ ๅฏ/ไผ่ฏๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅญๅจๆถไพ่ต่ฎพๅค็กฌไปถๅฏ้ฅๅฐ่ฃ ๆๆฏ๏ผๅฆย Secure Enclave ๆไพ็UIDๆดพ็ๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ่ฟไธๆญฅๅ ๅฏ๏ผๆๅคง็จๅบฆ้ไฝๅฏ้ฅๆณ้ฒ้ฃ้ฉใ
่ฎพๅคๆฐๅขใ็งป้คไธไธขๅคฑๅบๆฏไธ DEK ๅๆฐๆฎ็็ๅฝๅจๆ
ๆฐ่ฎพๅคๅ ๅ ฅ๏ผ ๅฝ็จๆทๅจๆฐ่ฎพๅคไธ็ปๅ ฅ iCloud ๅนถๅฏ็จ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๆถ๏ผ่ฏฅ่ฎพๅคๆ ๆณ็ดๆฅ่ฎฟ้ฎไบ็ซฏๅไฟๆคๆฐๆฎ๏ผ้่ฆ้ฆๅ ๅ ๅ ฅไฟกไปป้พใๅ ๅ ฅๆต็จๅ ๆฌ๏ผๆฐ่ฎพๅค็ๆ่ชๅทฑ็ๅๆญฅๅฏ้ฅๅฏนๅนถๅฐๅ ฌ้ฅๆไบค็ป่นๆไบ็ซฏ๏ผCloudKit๏ผsupport.apple.com๏ผ่นๆๆๅกๅจๅฐๆญค่ฏทๆฑไผ ่พพ็ป็จๆทๅทฒๆ็ไธๅฐๅไฟก่ฎพๅคไธ๏ผๆ้็จๆทๆๆฐ่ฎพๅค็ณ่ฏทๅ ๅ ฅใ็จๆทๅจๅทฒๆ่ฎพๅคไธๆนๅ่ฏทๆฑ๏ผ้่พๅ ฅๅฏ็ ๆ้่ฟ็็ฉ่ฏๅซ้ช่ฏ่บซไปฝ๏ผ๏ผไนๅๅทฒๆ่ฎพๅคไผๅฐๆฐ่ฎพๅค็ๅ ฌ้ฅๆทปๅ ๅฐไฟกไปป้พๅนถๅๆฌก็จ่ชๅทฑ็็ง้ฅๅ่ดฆๆทๅฏ็ ๆดพ็ๅฏ้ฅ็ญพ็ฝฒไฟกไปปๅๆฐๆฎsupport.apple.comใ้ๅ๏ผ่ฏฅๅทฒๆ่ฎพๅค้่ฟไธ่ฟฐๅฎๅ จไฟก้๏ผๅฐๅ จๅฑย DEK ็ๅ ๅฏๅฏๆฌไผ ้็ปๆฐ่ฎพๅคsupport.apple.comใไธๆฆๆฐ่ฎพๅคๆๅ่งฃๅฏ่ทๅพย DEK๏ผๅฎๅฐฑๅ ๅ ฅไบๅไฟก่ฎพๅคๅ่กจ๏ผๅฏไปฅๅๅ ถไป่ฎพๅคไธๆ ท่งฃๅฏไบ็ซฏ็็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎใๆดไธช่ฟ็จ็กฎไฟๅชๆ่ทๅพ็จๆทๆ็คบๆนๅ็ๆฐ่ฎพๅคๆ่ฝ่ทๅย DEK support.apple.comใ
่ฎพๅค็งป้คไธๆดๆข๏ผๅฝ็จๆทไป Apple ID ไธญ็งป้คๆๅฐ่ฎพๅค๏ผๆ่ฎพๅค่ขซๆน้ค/้็ฝฎๆถ๏ผ่ฏฅ่ฎพๅคๅฐไธๅ่ขซ่งไธบไฟกไปป้พ็ไธๅใๆญคๆถๅ ถไปไปๅจ็บฟ็ๅไฟก่ฎพๅคไผๆดๆฐไฟกไปป้พ็ถๆ๏ผๅฐ่ฏฅ่ฎพๅค็่บซไปฝไปๅไฟกๅ่กจไธญๅ้คsupport.apple.comใ้่ฆๅผบ่ฐ็ๆฏ๏ผ็งป้ค่ฎพๅคๆฌ่บซๅนถไธไผๅฏผ่ดๅ จๅฑย DEK ่ชๅจๆดๆนใ่ขซ็งป้ค็่ฎพๅค่ฝๆพๆๆย DEK ๅฏๆฌ๏ผไฝไธๆฆไธๅๅไฟก๏ผๅ ถๆ ๆณไป่นๆๆๅกๅจ่ทๅๆฐ็ๆฐๆฎๆดๆฐ๏ผ่ไธ็ฑไบ่ฎพๅคๅทฒไป่ดฆๆท็งป้คๆ่ขซๆนๆ๏ผๆปๅป่ ๆ ๆณๅๅๆญค่งฃๅฏไบ็ซฏๅ็ปญ็ๆฐๆฎใ่นๆๅนถๆช่ฎพๅฎๅจๆฏๆฌก่ฎพๅคๅๅจๆถ่ฝฎๆขๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ่ฟๆฏๅบไบๅฎ็จๆง็่่โโ้ข็นๆดๆขย DEK ๅฐ่ฆๆฑๅฏนไบ็ซฏๅคง้ๆฐๆฎ้ๆฐๅ ๅฏ๏ผไปฃไปท้ซๆใไธ่ฟ๏ผ่ฅๆๅฐ่ฎพๅค้ๅคฑไธ็จๆทๆ็ๅ ถๆฌๅฐๅฏ้ฅๅฏ่ฝๆณ้ฒ๏ผ็จๆทๅฏไปฅ้ๆฉๆๅจ้ๅๆชๆฝ๏ผไพๅฆไป iCloud ่ฎพ็ฝฎไธญ็งป้คๆญค่ฎพๅคๅนถ้็ฝฎ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค๏ผๅ ณ้ญๅๅผๅฏ๏ผ๏ผไป่็ๆๆฐ็ย DEK๏ผไฟๆคๆชๆฅ็ๆฐๆฎๅฎๅ จใ
ไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎๅฝฑๅ๏ผ ๅฝ่ฎพๅค็งป้คๆๅคฑๆๆถ๏ผไบ็ซฏๅทฒ็ปๅ ๅฏ็ๆฐๆฎไพๆง็ฑๅๆฅ็ย DEK ไฟๆค๏ผๅนถไธไผๅ ไธบ่ฎพๅค็ฆปๅผ่้ๆฐๅ ๅฏใๅช่ฆ็จๆทๅ ถไปไปปไธๅไฟก่ฎพๅคไปไฟๅญ็่ฏฅย DEK๏ผไพฟๅฏ็ปง็ปญ่ฎฟ้ฎๆญคๅ็ๆฐๆฎใ่ขซ็งป้ค็่ฎพๅค็ฑไบ็ผบๅคฑไฟกไปปๅญ่ฏ๏ผไนๆ ๆณๅไปๆๅกๅจๅๆญฅๅฐๅ็ปญๆฐๅขๆไฟฎๆน็ไปปไฝๆบๅฏๆฐๆฎ๏ผๅณไฝฟๆปๅป่ ๆฅๆๅ ถ็ฉ็่ฎพๅค๏ผ็ฑไบๅฏ้ฅๅ Secure Enclave ๅ่ฎพๅคๅฏ็ ไฟๆค๏ผไน้พไปฅๆๅsupport.apple.com๏ผใๅ ๆญค๏ผๅจๅค่ฎพๅค็ฏๅขไธญ๏ผไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎ็ๅฏ่ฎฟ้ฎๆงๅๅณไบ่ณๅฐๆไธๅฐๅไฟก่ฎพๅคๅญๆๅฏนๅบย DEKใๅช่ฆ็จๆท่ณๅฐๆไธๅฐ่ฎพๅคๆๆๆ็ๆขๅคๆนๅผ๏ผๆฐๆฎๅฐฑๅฏ่งฃๅฏไฝฟ็จ๏ผๅไนๅๆฐๆฎ้ทไบๅ ๅฏ็ถๆๆ ๆณ่ฏปๅใ
ๅคฑๅปๆๆ่ฎพๅค๏ผ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค่ฆๆฑ็จๆทๅจๅคฑๅปๆๆๅไฟก่ฎพๅค็ๆ็ซฏๆ ๅตไธ๏ผๅๅฉ้ขๅ ่ฎพ็ฝฎ็ๆขๅคๆบๅถๅๅย DEKใ่นๆๅผบๅถ่ฆๆฑๅฏ็จ่ฏฅๅ่ฝ็็จๆทๆไพ่ณๅฐไธ็ง่ดฆๆทๆขๅคๆนๆณ๏ผไพๅฆๆๅฎๆขๅค่็ณปไบบๆ่ฎพ็ฝฎๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅ๏ผsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใๅฝ็จๆทๆๆ่ฎพๅคๅ้ๅคฑๆไธๅฏ็จๆถ๏ผๅชๆ้่ฟ่ฟไบๆขๅคๆนๅผๆ่ฝ้่ทๅฏนๆฐๆฎ็่ฎฟ้ฎๆใๅ ทไฝ่่จ๏ผๅฆๆ็จๆทๆๅ่ฎพ็ฝฎไบๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅ๏ผไธไธฒ้ๆบ็ๆ็28ไฝๅญ็ฌฆ๏ผๅนถๅฎๅ จไฟๅญ๏ผ้ฃไนๆญคๆถ็จๆทๅฏๅจๆฐ่ฎพๅคไธ็ป้ย Appleย ID๏ผๅนถ่พๅ ฅ่ฏฅๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅๆฅๆขๅคๆฐๆฎใ่นๆๆๅกๅจไผๅฐไธไปฝๅ ๅฏ็ย DEK ๅคไปฝ๏ผ escrow ่ฎฐๅฝ ๏ผไธๅๅฐๆฐ่ฎพๅค๏ผ่ๆฐ่ฎพๅคๅฉ็จ็จๆทๆไพ็ๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅๅฐๅ ถ่งฃๅฏ๏ผๆๅๅบๅ จๅฑย DEKsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใ็ฑไบๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅๆฏ็ฑ็จๆทๆๆงใ่นๆไธๅญๅจๆๆ็่ฆ็ด ๏ผๅชๆๆไพๆญฃ็กฎๅฏ้ฅ็ๆฐ่ฎพๅคๆ่ฝ่งฃๅผ escrow ่ทๅพย DEKใๅจๆๅๆขๅคๅ๏ผๆฐ่ฎพๅคๅฐ้ๅปบไฟกไปป้พ๏ผๅนถๅฏไปฅ่ฎฟ้ฎไนๅ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ็ๆๆไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎใ
่ฅ็จๆท้ๆฉ็ๆฏๆขๅค่็ณปไบบ๏ผๆต็จ็ฑปไผผ๏ผ็จๆท่็ณป้ขๅ ่ฎพๅฎ็ๅฏไฟก่็ณปไบบ๏ผ็ฑ่็ณปไบบ้่ฟๅ ถ่นๆ่ฎพๅค็ๆไธไธช้ช่ฏไปฃ็ ๆไพ็ป็จๆทใ็จๆทๅจๆฐ่ฎพๅคไธ่พๅ ฅ่ฏฅไปฃ็ ๅ๏ผ่นๆๅๆ ทๅฐๅ ๅฏ็ย DEK ๅคไปฝไธๅ๏ผๆฐ่ฎพๅคๆฎๆญคๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅใๆดไธชๆขๅคๆต็จไพ็ถ้ตๅพช็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๅๅ๏ผ่นๆไป ๅ ๅฝไธญ่ฝฌๅนถ้ช่ฏๆ้๏ผไฝๅนถไธ็ฅๆ็จๆท็ๅฎ้ ย DEK ๅ ๅฎนsupport.apple.comใ
ไธๅฏๆขๅค็ๆ ๅต๏ผๅฆๆ็จๆทๆขๆฒกๆๅ ถไปๅไฟก่ฎพๅคใๅๆช่ฎพ็ฝฎไปปไฝๆขๅค่็ณปไบบๆๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ้ฃไนๅ จๅฑย DEK ๅฐๆ ๆณๆพๅ๏ผ็ธๅบ็ไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎไนๅฐฑๆฐธไน ๅคไบๅ ๅฏไธๅฏ่ฏป็ถๆsupport.apple.comใ่นๆๆ็กฎ่กจ็คบ๏ผ่ฅ็จๆทไธขๅคฑๆๆ่ฎพๅคไธๆ ๆขๅคๆนๅผ๏ผๅ ฌๅธๆ ๆณๅธฎๅฉ็จๆทๆขๅค่ฟ้จๅ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ็ๆฐๆฎsupport.apple.comใ่ฟๅธๆพไบ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆค็ไธไธชๆ่กก๏ผๅฎๅ จๆงๅขๅผบ็ๅๆถ๏ผๆฐๆฎๆขๅค็่ดฃไปปๅฎๅ จ็ฑ็จๆท่ชๆ ใๅ ๆญค็จๆท้่ฐจๆ ็ฎก็ๅไฟก่ฎพๅคๅๆขๅค้้กน๏ผไปฅ้ฟๅ ้ทๅ ฅๆ ๆณ่งฃๅฏไธชไบบๆฐๆฎ็ๅขๅฐใ
DEK ๅฎๅ จๆง็ๅฏ็ ๅญฆไฟ้ๆบๅถ
่นๆๅจ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคไธ iCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒๆถๆไธญ่ฟ็จไบๅค็งๅฏ็ ๅญฆๆบๅถๆฅไฟ้ย DEK ็ๆบๅฏๆงๅๅฎๆดๆง๏ผๅ ๆฌๅฏ้ฅๅฐ่ฃ ใๅฏ้ฅๆดพ็ใ็กฌไปถๅฎๅ จๆจกๅ๏ผไปฅๅไธฅๆ ผ็ๆ้ๆงๅถ๏ผ
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็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏไธๅฏ้ฅๅฑ็บงๅ๏ผๅฆไธๆ่ฟฐ๏ผiCloudย ้็จๅๅฑๅฏ้ฅๆถๆๅฏนๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏใไปฅ CloudKit ็งๆๆฐๆฎๅบไธบไพ๏ผๆฏไฝ็จๆทๆไธไธช้กถๅฑ็ CloudKit ๆๅกๅฏ้ฅๅฏน๏ผๅ ถ็ง้ฅ็จๆฅไฟๆคไธๅฑๅฏน็งฐๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅฆ Zoneๅฏ้ฅใRecord่ฎฐๅฝๅฏ้ฅ็ญ๏ผ
support.apple.comใๅฝ็จๆทๅจ่ฎพๅคไธๅๅ
ฅๆฐๆฎๆถ๏ผไผ็ๆ่ฎฐๅฝ็บงๅซ็้ๆบๅฏน็งฐๅฏ้ฅๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎๅญๆฎต๏ผๅ้ๅฑ็จไธ็บงๅฏ้ฅๅฐ่ฃ
่ฟไบๅฏน็งฐๅฏ้ฅใๅ
ทไฝๆฅ่ฏด๏ผ่ฎฐๅฝๅฏ้ฅ็จ Zone ๅฏ้ฅๅ ๅฏ๏ผZone ๅฏ้ฅๅ็จๅ
จๅฑๆๅกๅ
ฌ้ฅๅ ๅฏ๏ผๅณย DEKย ๅ
ฌ้ฅ๏ผ๏ผๅฝขๆๅคๅฑๅฏ้ฅๅฐ่ฃ
็ปๆsupport.apple.comใๅชๆๆๆๆ้กถๅฑ็ง้ฅ๏ผDEK ็ง้ฅ๏ผ็ๅไฟก่ฎพๅคๆ่ฝ้ๅฑ่งฃๅผๅฐ่ฃ
๏ผๆ็ป่งฃๅฏๅบ็จๆทๆฐๆฎใ้่ฟ่ฟ็งๅๅฑๅ ๅฏไธๅฏ้ฅ้็ฆป่ฎพ่ฎก๏ผๅณไฝฟๆไธๅฑ็ๅฏ้ฅๆณ้ฒ๏ผๆปๅป่
ไนๆ ๆณ็ดๆฅ่ทๅไธๅฑๅฏ้ฅๆๆๆๆฐๆฎใ -
AES ๅฏ้ฅๅฐ่ฃ ไธๅฐ้ญๅผ็กฌไปถๅญๅจ๏ผ่นๆๅนฟๆณ้็จไบ็ป้ช่ฏ็ๅฏน็งฐๅ ๅฏ็ฎๆณๆฅๅฐ่ฃ ๅๅญๅจย DEKใไผ ่พ่ฟ็จไธญ็ย DEK๏ผๆไธๅฑๅฏน็งฐๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ้ๅธธ้่ฟ AES-256ย ็ฎๆณๅ ๅฏๅฐ่ฃ ๅๅไธไผ support.apple.comใไธ็งๅธธ็จๆนๆณๆฏ AES ๅฏ้ฅๅ ่ฃ (AES-KW)๏ผๅฎไธ้จ็จไบ็จไธไธชๅฏน็งฐๅฏ้ฅๅฎๅ จๅฐๅฐ่ฃ ๅฆไธไธชๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ็กฎไฟๅฏ้ฅๆๆๅจไผ ่พไธญไธๆด้ฒใไธๆญคๅๆถ๏ผ่ฎพๅคๆฌๅฐ็ย DEK ็ง้ฅไผๅญๅจๅจๅย Secure Enclave ไฟๆค็ๅบๅใSecure Enclave ไธบๆฏๅฐ่ฎพๅคๆไพๅฏไธ็็กฌไปถ UID ๅฏ้ฅ๏ผไป ็จไบ่งฃ้่ฎพๅคๅฏ้ฅ่ขๅ้ฅๅไธฒ้กนsupport.apple.comใไนๅฐฑๆฏ่ฏด๏ผย DEK ็ง้ฅๆฌ่บซๅฏ่ฝ่ขซ่ฟไธๆญฅ็จ่ฎพๅค็กฌไปถๅฏ้ฅๅ ๅฏ๏ผ่ฟ็ธๅฝไบๅจ่ฝฏไปถๅฏ้ฅไนๅคๅๅ ไบไธ้็กฌไปถ้๏ผใๅชๆๅฝ็จๆท่งฃ้่ฎพๅคๅนถ้่ฟ่บซไปฝ้ช่ฏ๏ผๆไฝ็ณป็ปๆ่ฝ่ฐ็จ Secure Enclave ่งฃๅฐ่ฟไบๅฏ้ฅ็จไบๅ ่งฃๅฏๆไฝใ้่ฟAES-GCM ็ญๅฏน็งฐๅ ๅฏ็ปๅSecure Enclave ็กฌไปถๅฏ้ฅๅฐ่ฃ ๏ผ่นๆ็กฎไฟย DEK ๆ ่ฎบๅจไบ็ซฏไผ ่พ่ฟๆฏๆฌๅฐๅญๅจ๏ผ้ฝๅง็ปๅคไบๅ ๅฏ็ถๆ๏ผ้ไฝ่ขซๆช่ทๆๆๅ็้ฃ้ฉsupport.apple.comใ
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ๆคญๅๆฒ็บฟๅฏ็ ไธๅฏ้ฅไบคๆข๏ผ ไฟกไปป้พไธญ่ฎพๅคไบ่ฎคๅๅฏ้ฅๅ ฑไบซไพ่ตๆคญๅๆฒ็บฟๅฏ็ ็ฎๆณใๆฏๅฐ่ฎพๅค็ๅๆญฅ่บซไปฝๅฏ้ฅๅฏน้็จๅผบๅคง็ P-256 ๆ P-384 ๆฒ็บฟsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใๅฝๆฐ่ฎพๅคๅ ๅ ฅๆถ๏ผๅทฒๆ่ฎพๅคไผๅฉ็จๆคญๅๆฒ็บฟๆฐๅญ็ญพๅ็ฎๆณ (ECDSA) ๅฏนไฟกไปป้พๆฐๆฎ็ญพๅๆ ก้ช๏ผ้ฒๆญขไผช้ support.apple.comใๅๆถ๏ผๅจ่ฎพๅค้ดไผ ่พย DEK ๆถ๏ผๅฏ่ฝไฝฟ็จๆคญๅๆฒ็บฟ Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) ๆฅๅปบ็ซๅ ฑไบซๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅ ๅฏไผ ่พๅ ๅฎนใECDH ๅฏ็กฎไฟๅณไฝฟ้ไฟก่ขซ็ชๅฌ๏ผๆปๅป่ ๆ ๆณๆจๅฏผๅบไผ่ฏๅฏ้ฅ๏ผๅ ่ๆ ๆณ่ทๅๅฏ้ฅๅ ๅฎนใ็ปผไธ๏ผ้ๅฏน็งฐๅ ๅฏๅๅฏ้ฅไบคๆขๅ่ฎฎไฟ่ฏไบๅชๆๅๆณ่ฎพๅคๆ่ฝๅไธๅฏ้ฅๅๆญฅ๏ผๆฐ่ฎพๅค็ๅผๅ ฅ้่ฆ็ฐๆ่ฎพๅค็จๅ ถ็ง้ฅ็ญพๅ็กฎ่ฎค๏ผๆ็ปไธญ้ดไบบๆปๅปๆไผช้ ไฟกไปป้พ็ๅฏ่ฝใ
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ๅฏ้ฅๆดพ็ๅฝๆฐ (KDF)๏ผๅจๆไบๆญฅ้ชคไธญ๏ผ่นๆไฝฟ็จไบๅฏ้ฅๆดพ็ๅฝๆฐๅผบๅๅฏ็ ใๅๅฒไธ๏ผiCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒๆพ่ฆๆฑ็จๆท่ฎพ็ฝฎ iCloud ๅฎๅ จ็ ๆถ๏ผๅฐ็จๆทๅฏ็ ้่ฟ PBKDF2 ็ญKDF็ฎๆณๆดพ็ๅบๅฏ้ฅ๏ผ็จไบ็ญพๅๅๅ ๅฏไฟกไปปๅhackmag.comhackmag.comใๅณไพฟๅจๆฐ็ๅ้่ฎค่ฏๆถๆไธ๏ผๆไบๅบๆฏไปๅฏ่ฝๆถๅKDFโโไพๅฆๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅๆ่็ณปไบบไปฃ็ ๅพๅฏ่ฝ้่ฟ KDF ่ฝฌๆขไธบๅฎ้ ็จไบ่งฃๅฏ escrow ๅฏๆ็ๅฏ้ฅๆๆใ่ฟไบ KDF ็ฎๆณๅผๅ ฅ้ซๅผบๅบฆ็็ๅผๅๅคง้่ฟญไปฃ่ฟ็ฎhackmag.com๏ผๅขๅผบไบๆๆดๅ็ ด่งฃ่ฝๅ๏ผ้ฒๆญขๅผฑๅฃไปค่ขซๆปๅป่ ็ๆตใๆปไน๏ผKDF ็ๅบ็จ็กฎไฟไป็จๆทๅฃไปค/ๆขๅค็ ๅฐๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅ็ๆ ๅฐๅ ทๆๅๅๆงๅ่ฎก็ฎๅคๆๅบฆ๏ผ่ฟไธๆญฅไฟๆคย DEK ็ธๅ ณๆต็จ็ๅฎๅ จใ
ๆๅกๅจๆ ๆ่ทๅๆๆ DEK ็ไฟ้
่นๆ็่ฎพ่ฎกๅฎๆจๆฏๅจไบ็ซฏๆถ่ตทโ็ฒๅขโ๏ผ็กฎไฟๆๅกๅจๆขๆ ๆไนๆ ๅฎ่ฝๆฅ่งฆ็จๆทย DEK ็ๆๆ๏ผ่ฟไนๆฏๅฎ็ฐโๅณไฝฟไบ็ซฏๆณ้ฒ๏ผ็จๆทๆฐๆฎไปๅฎๅ จโ็ๅ ณ้ฎ๏ผ
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ๅฏ้ฅไป ๅญๅจไบ็จๆท็ซฏ๏ผ ๅผๅฏ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคๅ๏ผๆๆไธป่ฆ iCloud ๆฐๆฎ็ฑปๅซ็ๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅไป ๅญๅจไบ็จๆทๅไฟก่ฎพๅค๏ผๆ็จๆทๆๆก็ๆขๅค่ฝฝไฝ๏ผไธญ๏ผ่นๆๆๅกๅจ็ซฏไธๅไฟๅญ่ฟไบๅฏ้ฅsupport.apple.comใๆๆกฃๆ็กฎๆๅบ๏ผๅฏ็จ่ฏฅๅ่ฝๅ๏ผ่นๆโๆ ๆณ่ฏปๅๆ่ฎฟ้ฎ็จๆท็ๆๅกๅฏ้ฅโsupport.apple.comใๅณๅจๆญฃๅธธ่ฟ่ก่ฟ็จไธญ๏ผ่นๆ็ไบๆๅกๅจไปๆชๆฅๆ่งฃ้็จๆท็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎๆ้็ๅฏ้ฅใๆๅกๅจๆ่งๅฐ็ๅชๆฏ็ฑ็จๆท่ฎพๅคๅ ๅฏๅ็ๆฐๆฎ็ข็๏ผๅฏนๅ ถ่่จๆฏไธๅฏ่งฃๅฏ็้ป็ฎฑใ
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ไบ็ซฏๅญๅจๅฏๆๅๅ ๅฏๅ ๆฐๆฎ๏ผiCloudย ๆๅกๅจ่ฝ็ถ้่ฆๅญๅจ็จๆทๆฐๆฎ๏ผๅฆไบ็ ง็ใๅคๅฟๅฝ็ๅ ๅฏๅ ๅฎน๏ผ๏ผไฝ่ฟไบๅ ๅฎนๅๅทฒ็ฑ่ฎพๅคไฝฟ็จย DEK ๅ ๅฏๅฎๆใๅณไพฟๆฏไธบไบๆไพๆไบๅ่ฝ๏ผไบ็ซฏไฟ็ไบๅฐ้ๆชๅ ๅฏ็ๅ ๆฐๆฎ๏ผๅฆๆไปถๆ ก้ชๅ็จไบ้ๅคๆฐๆฎๆถ้ค๏ผ๏ผ่ฟไบๅ ๆฐๆฎไนไธๅ ๅซๅฏ็จไบๆจๅฏผย DEK ็ไฟกๆฏsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.comใ่นๆๆญฃๅจ่ดๅไบๅฐๆดๅคๆญค็ฑปๅ ๆฐๆฎไน็บณๅ ฅ็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏ่ๅด๏ผไปฅ่ฟไธๆญฅๅๅฐๆๆๆด้ฒ้ขsupport.apple.comใๆญคๅค๏ผCloudKit ๆกๆถ่ฆๆฑๅผๅ่ ๅจๆจกๅผไธญๆ็กฎๆ ่ฎฐ้่ฆๅ ๅฏ็ๅญๆฎต๏ผๆชๆ ่ฎฐ็ๅญๆฎต๏ผไพๅฆๆๅบ็จ็ๆถ้ดๆณ๏ผๅณไพฟๆๆๅญๅจ๏ผไบฆไธๆถๅๆๆๅ ๅฎนsupport.apple.comใ็ฑๆญค๏ผไบๆๅกๅจๅง็ป็ผบไนๅ ณไบย DEK ๆ็จๆทๆๆๆฐๆฎ็ๆๆ๏ผไธๆฆๅ็ๆฐๆฎๆณ้ฒๆๅ ้จ่ถๆ๏ผๆปๅป่ ๆฟๅฐ็ไนๅชๆฏ้ซๅผบๅบฆๅ ๅฏไธ็ไนฑ็ ใ
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ๆ้ๆถๆ้ฒ่ๅ้จ่ฎฟ้ฎ๏ผ่นๆๆๅปบ็ไฟกไปป้พๆบๅถไน้ฒๆญขไบๆๅกๅจๅๅๆๆๆฅ่ทๅๅฏ้ฅ็ๅฏ่ฝๆงใๆๅกๅจไธ่ฝ็ง่ชๆทปๅ ๅไฟก่ฎพๅคๆ็ฏกๆนไฟกไปป้พ๏ผๅ ไธบๆฏๆฌกไฟกไปป้พๆดๆฐ้ฝ้่ฆ็ฐๆ่ฎพๅค็็ง้ฅ็ญพๅไปฅๅ๏ผๅจ่ๆถๆไธ๏ผ็จๆทๅฏ็ ๆดพ็ๅฏ้ฅ็ไบๆฌก็ญพๅhackmag.comsupport.apple.comใ่นๆๆๅกๅจๆขไธๆๆ็จๆท่ฎพๅค็ง้ฅ๏ผไนไธ็ฅๆ็จๆทๅฏ็ ๏ผๅ ๆญคๆ ๆณไผช้ ่ฟไบ็ญพๅๆฅ่ฏฑๅฏผๅ ถไป่ฎพๅคไฟกไปปไธไธชๆถๆ่ฎพๅคใๅณไฝฟๅจๅ้่ฎค่ฏไฝ็ณปไธ๏ผๆๅกๅจๅจ่ฎพๅคๅ ๅ ฅๆต็จไธญๅ ๅฝไธญ็ปง๏ผๅนถๆฒกๆ่ฝๅ็ป่ฟ็จๆทๆนๅ็ดๆฅๅฐๆฐ่ฎพๅคๆคๅ ฅๅๅ support.apple.comsupport.apple.comใ่ฟ็งๆถๆ็ญไบไธบๆๅกๅจ่ฎฟ้ฎ็จๆทๅฏ้ฅ่ฎพ็ฝฎไบๅฏ็ ๅญฆไธ็็ฆๅบใๆญฃๅฆ่นๆๅฎๅ จ็ฝ็ฎไนฆๆ่จ๏ผๅจๆๅๆ ๅฝขไธๅฆๆ็จๆทไธขๅคฑๅฏน iCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒๅๅ ถๆขๅคๆบๅถ็่ฎฟ้ฎ๏ผ้ฃไน็ธๅบ็็ซฏๅฐ็ซฏๅ ๅฏๆฐๆฎ่นๆไนๆ ๅๆขๅคsupport.apple.comใ่นๆ้่ฟๅถๅบฆๅๆๆฏ็ปๅ๏ผ็กฎไฟๅณไพฟๆฟๅบๆๆบๆ่ฆๆฑๆไพ็จๆทๆฐๆฎ๏ผ็ฑไบๅ ฌๅธๆฌ่บซๅนถๆ ่งฃๅฏ่ฝๅ๏ผๅช่ฝไบคๅบๅ ๅฏ็ๅ ๅฎนใ
็ปผไธๆ่ฟฐ๏ผAppleย ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคไธ๏ผๅ จๅฑๆฐๆฎๅ ๅฏๅฏ้ฅ็็ๆ็ฑ็จๆท่ฎพๅคๆๆง๏ผๅๅฉ iCloudย ้ฅๅไธฒไฟกไปป้พๅจๅค่ฎพๅค้ดๅฎๅ จๅๆญฅใๆ ่ฎบๆฏๅจ่ฎพๅคๅขๅ ใ็งป้ค่ฟๆฏ็จๆทๅคฑๅป่ฎพๅค็ๆ ๅตไธ๏ผๅฏ้ฅๅๆฐๆฎ็็ๅฝๅจๆ็ฎก็ๅไปฅ็จๆทๆๆงไธบไธญๅฟ๏ผๅช่ฆ็จๆทไฟๆ่ณๅฐไธไธชๅฏ้ฅ่ฝฝไฝ๏ผ่ฎพๅคๆๆขๅคๆนๅผ๏ผ๏ผๆฐๆฎๅณๅฏ่งฃๅฏไฝฟ็จ๏ผๅไน่นๆไนๆ ๆณ็ป่ฟ็จๆท่ทๅๅฏ้ฅๆๆsupport.apple.comใ่นๆ้่ฟๆ็็ๅ ๅฏ็ฎๆณ๏ผAES-KWใECDHย ็ญ๏ผใ็กฌไปถๆฏๆ๏ผSecure Enclave๏ผใๅฏ้ฅๅๅฑไธๆดพ็็ญ็ฅ๏ผๅฎ็ฐไบโ้ถไฟกไปปโไบๅญๅจ๏ผๆๅกๅจๅฏน็จๆทๅฏ้ฅไธๆ ๆ็ฅ๏ผไป่ไฝฟ็จๆทไบ็ซฏๆฐๆฎ่ทๅพๅๆๆชๆ็ไฟๅฏๆงๆๅใ
้ๅฝ
ๅพ๏ผ้ซ็บงๆฐๆฎไฟๆคไธๅ
จๅฑย DEKย ็ฎก็็ๆต็จ็คบๆๅพใๅ
ๅซๅๅงๅฏ็จ๏ผ่ฎพๅค A ไธ็ๆๆฐๅฏ้ฅๅนถๅ ้ค่นๆๆๅกๅจๅฏ้ฅ๏ผใๆฐ่ฎพๅคๅ ๅ
ฅไฟกไปป้พ๏ผ่ฎพๅค B ่ฏทๆฑๅนถ็ฑ่ฎพๅค A ๆนๅไผ ่พๅฏ้ฅ๏ผใ่ฎพๅค็งป้คๆไธขๅคฑ๏ผๆดๆฐไฟกไปปๅ่กจ๏ผไฝๅฏ้ฅ้ๅธธไธๅ๏ผใไปฅๅ็จๆทๅคฑๅปๆๆ่ฎพๅคๆถ็ๆขๅคๆต็จ๏ผ้่ฟๆขๅคๅฏ้ฅๅๅย DEK๏ผใๅ้ถๆฎตๅไฟ่ฏย DEKย ๅฎๅ
จไธ่ขซๆชๆๆๅฎไฝ่ทๅใ -
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@ 64334edc:1c0451e5
2025-05-18 10:49:56
Zik88 lร mแปt nแปn tแบฃng cรดng nghแป hiแปn ฤแบกi ฤฦฐแปฃc phรกt triแปn nhแบฑm mang ฤแบฟn trแบฃi nghiแปm sแป tแปi ฦฐu vร thรขn thiแปn cho ngฦฐแปi dรนng. Tแปซ khi ra mแบฏt, Zik88 ฤรฃ khรดng ngแปซng cแบฃi tiแบฟn giao diแปn vร tรญnh nฤng ฤแป phรน hแปฃp vแปi nhu cแบงu ngร y cร ng ฤa dแบกng cแปงa ngฦฐแปi dรนng hiแปn ฤแบกi. Giao diแปn thiแบฟt kแบฟ trแปฑc quan, tแปi giแบฃn giรบp mแปi ฤแปi tฦฐแปฃng dแป dร ng lร m quen vร thao tรกc nhanh chรณng trรชn nhiแปu thiแบฟt bแป khรกc nhau nhฦฐ ฤiแปn thoแบกi, mรกy tรญnh bแบฃng vร mรกy tรญnh cรก nhรขn. Nแปn tแบฃng nร y sแปญ dแปฅng cรดng nghแป xแปญ lรฝ dแปฏ liแปu nhanh vร แปn ฤแปnh, giแบฃm thiแปu thแปi gian chแป vร nรขng cao hiแปu suแบฅt vแบญn hร nh. Ngoร i ra, Zik88 cรฒn tรญch hแปฃp cรกc cรดng cแปฅ tรนy chแปnh cรก nhรขn hรณa, cho phรฉp ngฦฐแปi dรนng lแปฑa chแปn bแป cแปฅc, mร u sแบฏc vร chแปฉc nฤng phรน hแปฃp vแปi thรณi quen sแปญ dแปฅng riรชng, tแบกo nรชn trแบฃi nghiแปm sแปญ dแปฅng tiแปn lแปฃi vร thรขn thiแปn hฦกn. ฤiแปu nร y giรบp Zik88 khรดng chแป lร mแปt nแปn tแบฃng cรดng nghแป ฤฦกn thuแบงn mร cรฒn lร ngฦฐแปi bแบกn ฤแปng hร nh hแป trแปฃ ngฦฐแปi dรนng tแปi ฦฐu hรณa hoแบกt ฤแปng hร ng ngร y mแปt cรกch hiแปu quแบฃ vร dแป dร ng.
Bรชn cแบกnh viแปc tแปi ฦฐu trแบฃi nghiแปm ngฦฐแปi dรนng, ZIK88 ฤแบทc biแปt chรบ trแปng ฤแบฟn yแบฟu tแป bแบฃo mแบญt vร an toร n dแปฏ liแปu. Nแปn tแบฃng ฤฦฐแปฃc xรขy dแปฑng vแปi hแป thแปng bแบฃo mแบญt ฤa lแปp hiแปn ฤแบกi, รกp dแปฅng cรกc thuแบญt toรกn mรฃ hรณa tiรชn tiแบฟn nhแบฑm ฤแบฃm bแบฃo mแปi thรดng tin cรก nhรขn vร dแปฏ liแปu quan trแปng cแปงa ngฦฐแปi dรนng ฤฦฐแปฃc bแบฃo vแป tuyแปt ฤแปi khแปi cรกc nguy cฦก xรขm nhแบญp hoแบทc tแบฅn cรดng mแบกng. Ngoร i ra, Zik88 cรฒn vแบญn hร nh quy trรฌnh kiแปm tra vร giรกm sรกt hoแบกt ฤแปng liรชn tแปฅc, nhanh chรณng phรกt hiแปn vร xแปญ lรฝ kแปp thแปi nhแปฏng bแบฅt thฦฐแปng nhแบฑm duy trรฌ mรดi trฦฐแปng sแป an toร n vร แปn ฤแปnh cho tแบฅt cแบฃ ngฦฐแปi dรนng. ฤแปi ngลฉ kแปน thuแบญt chuyรชn nghiแปp luรดn tรบc trแปฑc 24/7 ฤแป hแป trแปฃ xแปญ lรฝ sแปฑ cแป vร giแบฃi ฤรกp thแบฏc mแบฏc, giรบp ngฦฐแปi dรนng yรชn tรขm khi trแบฃi nghiแปm cรกc dแปch vแปฅ trรชn nแปn tแบฃng. Sแปฑ kแบฟt hแปฃp giแปฏa cรดng nghแป bแบฃo mแบญt tiรชn tiแบฟn vร dแปch vแปฅ chฤm sรณc khรกch hร ng tแบญn tรขm chรญnh lร ฤiแปm tแปฑa vแปฏng chแบฏc giรบp Zik88 xรขy dแปฑng ฤฦฐแปฃc uy tรญn vร lรฒng tin sรขu sแบฏc tแปซ cแปng ฤแปng ngฦฐแปi dรนng, tแบกo nแปn mรณng cho sแปฑ phรกt triแปn bแปn vแปฏng trong tฦฐฦกng lai.
Zik88 khรดng chแป dแปซng lแบกi แป viแปc cung cแบฅp nแปn tแบฃng cรดng nghแป, mร cรฒn hฦฐแปng ฤแบฟn viแปc xรขy dแปฑng mแปt hแป sinh thรกi sแป ฤa dแบกng vร sรกng tแบกo nhแบฑm phแปฅc vแปฅ tแปt nhแบฅt cho nhu cแบงu cแปงa ngฦฐแปi dรนng. Nแปn tแบฃng thฦฐแปng xuyรชn cแบญp nhแบญt vร mแป rแปng cรกc tรญnh nฤng mแปi, ฤแปng thแปi tรญch hแปฃp cรกc dแปch vแปฅ bแป trแปฃ ฤแป nรขng cao giรก trแป sแปญ dแปฅng cho ngฦฐแปi dรนng. Sแปฑ linh hoแบกt trong viแปc kแบฟt nแปi vแปi cรกc hแป sinh thรกi khรกc giรบp Zik88 mแป rแปng phแบกm vi hoแบกt ฤแปng vร nรขng cao khแบฃ nฤng phแปฅc vแปฅ ฤa dแบกng ฤแปi tฦฐแปฃng khรกch hร ng. Ngoร i ra, Zik88 cลฉng chรบ trแปng phรกt triแปn cแปng ฤแปng ngฦฐแปi dรนng thรดng qua cรกc chฦฐฦกng trรฌnh tฦฐฦกng tรกc, sแปฑ kiแปn trแปฑc tuyแบฟn vร cรกc hoแบกt ฤแปng gแบฏn kแบฟt nhแบฑm tแบกo ra khรดng gian giao lฦฐu, trao ฤแปi vร hแปc hแปi lแบซn nhau. Chiแบฟn lฦฐแปฃc phรกt triแปn bแปn vแปฏng nร y giรบp Zik88 khรดng chแป tแบกo ra giรก trแป thแปฑc tแบฟ mร cรฒn xรขy dแปฑng ฤฦฐแปฃc mแปi quan hแป lรขu dร i vแปi ngฦฐแปi dรนng, tแปซ ฤรณ khแบณng ฤแปnh vแป trรญ hร ng ฤแบงu trong lฤฉnh vแปฑc cรดng nghแป sแป. Vแปi nแปn tแบฃng vแปฏng chแบฏc vร tแบงm nhรฌn phรกt triแปn chiแบฟn lฦฐแปฃc, Zik88 hแปฉa hแบนn sแบฝ tiแบฟp tแปฅc ฤแปng hร nh vร mang ฤแบฟn nhแปฏng trแบฃi nghiแปm cรดng nghแป ngร y cร ng vฦฐแปฃt trแปi cho ngฦฐแปi dรนng trong tฦฐฦกng lai.
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@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-05-18 10:09:42
๐ฆTraffic Light Control System๐ฆ
This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.
petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> () -
@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-05-18 10:07:16
๐ฆTraffic Light Control System๐ฆ
This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.
petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> () -
@ 4fe14ef2:f51992ec
2025-05-18 10:04:00
Let's support Bitcoin merchants! I'd love to hear some of your latest Lightning purchases and interesting products you bought. Feel free to include links to the shops or businesses you bought from.
Who else has a recent purchase theyโre excited about? Bonus sats if you found a killer deal! โก
If you missed our last thread, here are some of the items stackers recently spent and zap on.
Share & repost: N: note13hdv7a3lfe97hyn8qyed55u463nzya579z8zw7lvh84tfeks7f9swg0dlt X: https://x.com/AGORA_SN/status/1924042853971353859
https://stacker.news/items/982879
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@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-05-18 10:03:06
๐ฆTraffic Light Control System๐ฆ
This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.
petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> () -
@ 41fa852b:af7b7706
2025-05-18 09:33:15
> "Only he who attempts the absurd is capable of achieving the impossible."โMiguel de Unamuno
Itโs a busy week with the Bitcoin Ireland conference and Pizza Day celebrations in Thames Ditton and Bristol.
Support your local Bitcoin communities by attending as many of this weekโs meetups and events as possible.
Letโs Go!
Upcoming Bitcoin Meetups
Happening this weekโฆ
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Lincolnshire Bitcoin: Lincolnshire Bitcoin meets on the second Monday of each month at 7:30 PM in the Treaty of Commerce, Lincoln. Open to all, from OGโs to newcomers. This month on the 19th. ๐บ
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Bitcoin Surrey: This months Surrey meetup features special guest Freddie New, co-founder of Bitcoin Policy UK at The Bourne Club, 12 Frensham Rd GU9 8HB 18:00 with the talk starting at 19:00. ๐บ๐ค
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Newcastle upon Tyne Bitcoin Meetup: The next Newcastle meetup is on Tuesday 20th May at Kabin @ Kabannas NE1 6UQ. 6:30 PM. ๐บ
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Bitcoin Glasgow: Bitcoin Glasgow meet every 3rd Wednesday of the month and this month will be at The Maltman, 59โ61 Renfield Street at 18:00 to 20:00. ๐ป
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Bitcoinology @ Cyphermunk House: This will be primarily a social event. Attendees are encouraged to bring their burning questions to address as many as possible. Everyone is welcome, whether to share knowledge as an expert or to learn as a student. Bitcoinology will provide structure to ensure a shared learning experience thatโs both engaging and enjoyable. ๐จ๐ปโ๐ซ๐จ๐ผโ๐
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Shropshire Bitcoin: On the 21st, the Shropshire crew will be meeting at the Admiral Benbow in Shrewsbury. 19:00 - 23:00. ๐บ
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Bitcoin Pizza Day at Thames Ditton: Celebrate Bitcoin Pizza Day with the Surrey Bitcoiners on May 22nd, 2025, in Thames Ditton, where local venues will be accepting Bitcoin for food and drinks in honour of the first real-world Bitcoin transaction. Just 20 minutes from London Waterloo, itโs the perfect chance to enjoy a slice, connect with fellow Bitcoiners, and support businesses embracing sound money. ๐
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Bitcoin Bristol - Pizza Day: If Thames Ditton is a bit too far, donโt worry. Bristol will also be celebrating Bitcoin Pizza Day in style on Thursday, May 22nd at 18:15 at Stable Pizza, Harbourside. This informal gathering offers a relaxed setting to chat over drinks in a lively public bar with no table reservationsโjust drop by. Itโs a great chance to discuss Bitcoin news, ideas, and developments while meeting others in the local scene. Everyone is welcome, from curious newcomers to seasoned OGs, and all questions are encouraged. For help finding the group on the night, join the Telegram chat at t.me/BitcoinBristol. ๐
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The Satoshi Society - Southampton: Join a friendly group of bitcoiners at The Maritimo Lounge, Ocean Village on Friday 23rd May for food and a Bitcoin chat at 18:00. ๐บ ๐ด
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Into The Valueverse: The first UK live music event, built on top of Bitcoin. Into the Valueverse is a celebration of artists brought together through Bitcoin. Performing live are Longy, a raw and rebellious voice from Southend blending rock, folk, and punk; Joe Martin, a heartfelt singer-songwriter inspired by folk and Americana greats; and Nathan Abbot, an Essex-based artist known for his soulful voice and powerful storytelling. The event takes place at The Fickle Pickle Club, 228 London Road, Westcliff-on-Sea, on Friday 23rd May, 2025. Doors open at 19:30, show starts at 20:00, and itโs for ages 18 and over. ๐ถ๐ธ๐ค
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Bitcoin Ireland Conference: Set to take place on Saturday, May 24, at The Green Isle Hotel in Dublin. This community-driven event aims to connect Irish Bitcoin enthusiasts, promote Bitcoin-friendly businesses, and educate the public about the potential of Bitcoin. Attendees can expect a day filled with insightful talks, networking opportunities, and discussions on various aspects of Bitcoin, including its impact on finance, energy, and society. The conference will feature a diverse lineup of speakers, including Daniel Prince, Knut Svanholm, Francis Pouliot, and British HODL, among others. Whether youโre a seasoned Bitcoiner or just curious about the technology, the Bitcoin Ireland Conference offers a platform to learn, share, and engage with the growing Bitcoin community in Ireland. ๐ค๐ซ
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Bitcoin Walk - Edinburgh: Every Saturday they walk around Arthurโs Seat in this historic city. Join them at 12 pm to chat about all things Bitcoin and keep fit. ๐ถ๐ฝโโ๏ธ๐ถ๐ผโโ๏ธ๐ถ๐ป
New Businesses Accepting Bitcoin
This week we haveโฆ
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McCann Bespoke Tailors: Founded by Neil McCann in 2002, has grown from a South London garage into a leading name in British tailoring. Known for its craftsmanship and high-profile partnershipsโfrom the Savoy Hotel to Premier League clubsโthe brand now operates a flagship store on Lime Street with a private bar and dedicated consultation space. McCann Bespoke is now accepting Bitcoin. ๐
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Moradok Siam in Romsey: Bun is a specialist in deep tissue massage, known for helping those suffering from persistent muscular aches and pains; particularly in the back, shoulders, and neck. Drawing on years of experience, she works with precision to identify problem areas and applies targeted techniques to relieve tension and restore movement. Her treatments arenโt for the faint-hearted, but they offer real results. Many clients are referred by local doctors after conventional treatments like injections and medication have failed. For lasting relief, regular appointments are strongly recommended. ๐๐ปโโ๏ธ
Upcoming Special Events
These events arenโt happening next week, but theyโre important to add to your calendar now as tickets are selling fast.
Bloom Festival 2025: Takes place 31 May โ 1 June at Cypher Munk House, London. This open-source celebration brings together developers, artists, and tinkerers to explore tech, culture, and Bitcoin.
๐ค Talks & Panels
Topics include:
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Open-source innovation
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The Bitcoin whitepaper
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Decentralized publishing
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Bitcoin in UK education
๐ ๏ธ Workshops
Get hands-on with:
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Off-grid mesh networks
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DIY Bitcoin signing devices
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Censorship-resistant publishing
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Creative coding with open tools
๐จ Creative & Cultural
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Collaborative art & music
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Acoustic performances
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Bitcoin-inspired exhibitions
๐๏ธ The Souk
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Open-source hardware
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Seed storage gear
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Prints and handmade goods
Children of Riddim Festival - Bitcoin Stage: This is shaping up to be one of the biggest music festivals with Bitcoin vibes in the world.
Around 150 DJs, artists, and speakers will perform over four days, from 12โ16 June, in Hemel Hempstead. A dedicated stage, the Barn of Freedom, will spotlight Bitcoin culture, education, and unstoppable apps on the Nostr protocolโalongside music, talks, and much more.
Support for the Barn of Freedom stage can be given via geyser.fund, where both ticket purchases and donations are welcome. One-day and four-day passes are available, and on-site camping is included.
Confirmed names include Joe Bryan, Metamick (Geyser Fund), Roger9000, Angor, MadMunky, Huxley, and many more.
The Bitcoin Beach Retreat: An annual Bitcoin-only gathering held at a scenic coastal campsite in North Wales. Celebrating its fifth year in 2025, the retreat offers a relaxed, community-driven alternative to traditional conferences. From July 11โ14, up to 120 Bitcoiners will come together to share knowledge, enjoy beachside BBQs, and strengthen their networks under the stars. With no pre-booked speakers, the event thrives on peer-led workshops and spontaneous discussions, fostering genuine connections among attendees. Emphasising local engagement, the retreat directs the majority of its funds into the surrounding community, with 42% of expenses paid in Bitcoin last year. Whether attending solo or with family, attendees can expect a welcoming environment dedicated to sound money and shared values.
Get Involved
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Volunteer: Passionate about merchant adoption? Reach out to Bridge2Bitcoin on Twitter or website.
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Start a Meetup: Want to launch a Bitcoin meetup? Weโll support you. Contact us on Twitter or just reply to this email.
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Contribute to BTCMaps: Help maintain this key Bitcoin resourceโno coding skills needed. Update a UK area.
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Telegram: Join our Channel for UK meetup updates
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Feedback: Reply to this email with ideas and suggestions.
This weekโs sponsors isโฆ
Get out and support the meetups where you can, visit Bitcoin Events UK for more info on each meetup and to find your closest on the interactive map.
Stay tuned for more updates next week!
Simon.
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@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-05-18 09:31:00
My everyday activity
This template is just for demo needs.
Places & Transitions
- Places:
-
Bla bla bla: some text
-
Transitions:
- start: Initializes the system.
- logTask: bla bla bla.
petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working -
@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-05-18 09:29:33
๐ฆTraffic Light Control System๐ฆ
This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.
;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2
;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1
;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2
;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1
;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue
;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()Places & Transitions
- Places:
- greenLight1: Indicates that the first traffic light is green.
- greenLight2: Indicates that the second traffic light is green.
- redLight1: Indicates that the first traffic light is red.
- redLight2: Indicates that the second traffic light is red.
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queue: Acts as a synchronization mechanism ensuring controlled alternation between the two traffic lights.
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Transitions:
- start: Initializes the system by placing tokens in greenLight1 and redLight2.
- toRed1: Moves a token from greenLight1 to redLight1, while placing a token in queue.
- toGreen2: Moves a token from redLight2 to greenLight2, requiring queue.
- toGreen1: Moves a token from queue and redLight1 to greenLight1.
- toRed2: Moves a token from greenLight2 to redLight2, placing a token back into queue.
- stop: Terminates the system by removing tokens from redLight1, queue, and redLight2, representing the system's end state.
petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()
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@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd
2025-05-18 08:43:54
๐งฑ NostrTrust Initial Trust Score List (V0.1)
This list defines the initial trust scores (T Score) for key members of the Nostr community based on their contributions, reputation, and role in the ecosystem. The goal is to seed a decentralized trust system that encourages quality interactions and authentic contributions.
> โ ๏ธ Note: This is an draft version.
โ Initial T Score Allocation Rules
| User Type | Initial T Score Range | Criteria | |-----------|------------------------|----------| | Founder | 10,000 | Creator of the Nostr protocol | | Core Developers | 5,000 - 8,000 | Major contributors to core codebase, clients, or infrastructure | | Active Contributors | 1,000 - 4,000 | Recognized long-term contributors to content, tools, or community |
๐ค Initial Trust Score Table
| Name / Alias | npub | Initial T Score | Justification | |--------------|------|------------------|----------------| | fiatjaf | npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 | 10,000 | Creator of the Nostr protocol | |Jack|npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m|9,000|| | jb55 | npub1xtscya34g58tk0z605fvr788k263gsu6cy9x0mhnm87echrgufzsevkk5s | 7,000 | Developer of tools, relays, and early Nostr integrations,made damus | |Alex Gleason | npub1q3sle0kvfsehgsuexttt3ugjd8xdklxfwwkh559wxckmzddywnws6cd26p | 7,000 || |PABLOF7z|npub1l2vyh47mk2p0qlsku7hg0vn29faehy9hy34ygaclpn66ukqp3afqutajft|7,000|NDK| ||||| ||||| ||||| ||||| ||||| |||||
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@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-18 08:20:04
เธกเธตเธเธณเธซเธเธถเนเธเนเธเธเธธเธเธเธจเธฒเธชเธเธฒเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเธเธธเนเธเธซเธน เนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธฒเนเธเธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเนเธกเนเธเธฃเธเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธซเธกเธฒเธขเนเธเธเธธเธเธเธจเธฒเธชเธเธฒ เธเธฑเนเธเธเธทเธญเธเธณเธงเนเธฒ เธญเธเธดเธเนเธเธข
เนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธเธถเธเธเธถเธเธญเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เธเนเธเธถเธเนเธเธเธถเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเนเธกเธทเธญเธ เธฃเธฐเธเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธเธเธฃเธญเธ เนเธเนเธ เธเธฃเธฐเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เนเธเนเธญเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเนเธเธเธธเธเธเธจเธฒเธชเธเธฒเนเธกเนเนเธเนเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธฃเธฐเธเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธเธเธฃเธญเธ เนเธเนเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเนเธซเนเธเธธเธเธเนเธฒเนเธซเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธชเธณเธเธฑเธ
เธญเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเธเนเนเธเธฅเธงเนเธฒเธเธฒเธฃเธเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธญเธฒเธญเธฐเนเธฃเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเนเธกเธต 3 เธเธฃเธฐเธเธฒเธฃเนเธซเธเน เน เธญเธฑเธเนเธฃเธเธเธทเธญเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เธเธทเธญเธเธฒเธฃเนเธญเธฒเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฐเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเน 2 เธเธทเธญเธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เธเธฒเธฃเธเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธฅเธฐ 3 เนเธฅเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เธเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเธเธเธซเธกเธนเนเธกเธฒเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเธงเธฒเธกเธซเธกเธฒเธขเธเธตเนเธเนเธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธกเธตเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธซเนเธเนเธเนเธเธเธญเธเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธ เนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธณเนเธเธเธฒเธกเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธซเนเธเธเธญเธเธเธเธชเนเธงเธเนเธซเธเน เธเธตเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธฅเธ เนเธเนเธเธเนเธ
เนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเธซเธฅเธฑเธ เน เธเนเธกเธตเธญเธขเธนเน 2 เธญเธขเนเธฒเธ เธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธเธงเธฃเธเธฐเนเธชเนเนเธเนเธฅเธฐเธเนเธเธณเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธฒเนเธเนเธซเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธฑเนเธเธเธทเธญ เธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเธเธฑเธเธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข
เธเธฒเธฃเธเธทเธญเธเธฃเธฃเธกเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเธงเธฒเธกเธซเธกเธฒเธขเธเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธเธณเธเธฒเธเธเธณเธเธฒเธฃเธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธฃเธฒเนเธเนเธเธตเธงเธดเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธเธทเธญเธเธฃเธฃเธกเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเนเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเธฐเธเธฑเนเธเธเธฑเธงเธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธจเธตเธฅเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธกเนเนเธเธตเธขเธเนเธเธตเธขเธเธเธนเนเธญเธทเนเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเนเธซเนเธเนเธเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเนเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเธทเธญเธเธฒเธฃเนเธญเธฒเธเธฃเธฐเนเธขเธเธเนเธเธญเธเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธกเนเธชเธเนเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธฃเธฐเนเธเธตเธขเธเธเธเนเธเธเธเนเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธฃ เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธเธทเธญเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเธฒเธฃเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธเธฐเธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธจเธตเธฅเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธเนเธขเธฒเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธญเธเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเธซเธฅเธฑเธ เธเธถเนเธเธชเนเธงเธเนเธซเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธชเธเธฑเนเธเนเธซเธฅเธฐ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธซเนเธเนเธเนเธเธฑเธง
เธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธซเธกเธฒเธขเธเธตเนเนเธขเนเธเธทเธญเธเธฒเธฃเนเธซเนเธเนเธเนเธเธฑเธง เธชเนเธงเธเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเนเธซเนเธเนเธเนเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฐ เนเธซเนเธเนเธเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเนเธฒเธเธนเธเธเนเธฒเธข เน เธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเธเธทเธญเธเธฒเธฃเนเธญเธฒเธเธนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธชเนเธงเธเธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเธเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน
เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฒเธเธนเธเนเธฒเธข เน เนเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธณเนเธเธดเธเธเธตเธงเธดเธเธเธญเธเธเธเนเธฃเธฒ เนเธเนเธเนเธฅเธฐเธงเธฑเธเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธญเธฐเนเธฃเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธเนเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธดเธเธญเธฒเธซเธฒเธฃ เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเธฐเธเธดเธเธญเธฒเธซเธฒเธฃเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฐเนเธขเธเธเนเธเนเธญเธชเธธเธเธ เธฒเธ เนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธณเนเธซเนเธฃเนเธฒเธเธเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธ เธกเธตเธเธณเธฅเธฑเธเธงเธฑเธเธเธฒ เนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธณเธเธดเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฒเธเธเนเธฒเธ เน เนเธเน
เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเธฐเธเธดเธเนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเธญเธฃเนเธญเธข เนเธญเธฒเธฃเธชเธเธฒเธเธดเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเธถเธเนเธกเนเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเธเธฐเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฐเนเธขเธเธเนเธเนเธญเธชเธธเธเธ เธฒเธ เนเธเนเธกเธฑเธเธญเธฃเนเธญเธข เธกเธฑเธเธซเธงเธฒเธ เธกเธฑเธเนเธเธฃเธตเนเธขเธง เธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธ เธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธก เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเธชเธตเธชเธงเธขเธเนเธฒเธเธดเธ เธเธฑเนเธ เน เธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเนเธเธทเธญเนเธเธเนเธงเธขเธชเธฒเธฃเธเธดเธฉเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธญเธฑเธเธเธฃเธฒเธข
เธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธเธเนเธฃเธนเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธดเธเธญเธฒเธซเธฒเธฃเธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธกเนเธเธเนเธงเธขเนเธเธกเธฑเธ เธญเธธเธเธกเนเธเธเนเธงเธขเธเนเธณเธเธฒเธฅ เนเธเนเธเนเธเธฉเธเนเธญเธชเธธเธเธ เธฒเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธซเนเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธกเนเนเธเน เธเธดเธเธกเธฒเธ เน เนเธเนเธฒ เธชเธธเธเธเนเธฒเธขเธเนเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธเธซเธฑเธงเนเธ เนเธฃเธเนเธเธฒเธซเธงเธฒเธ เนเธเธงเธฒเธข เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธฒเธเธเธตเธเนเธฒเธเธดเธเธญเธฒเธซเธฒเธฃเธเธฃเธฐเนเธ เธเธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธเธเธญเธเธเธดเธ เนเธเนเธ เธเธฅเธฒเธเธดเธ เธกเธตเธเธขเธฒเธเธดเนเธเนเธกเนเนเธเธเธฑเธ เธเนเนเธเธดเธเนเธเนเธเธกเธฐเนเธฃเนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธ เธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธเธเนเธฃเธนเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธดเธเธญเธฒเธซเธฒเธฃเนเธเธเธเธตเน เธเธณเนเธซเนเนเธเธดเธเนเธฃเธเนเธเนเธเธกเธฐเนเธฃเนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธ เธฃเธนเนเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเธดเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธกเธฑเธเธเธนเธเนเธ
เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธซเธเธฑเธเธชเธทเธญ เธเนเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเนเธญเธเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธเนเธงเธขเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธขเธฑเธเธซเธกเธฑเนเธเนเธเธตเธขเธฃ เธเนเธญเธเธกเธตเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธฑเธเธขเนเธชเธธเธเธฃเธดเธ เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธณเธเธฒเธฃเธเนเธฒเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธเนเธฒเธซเนเธญเธเธชเธญเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธเนเธฒเธเนเธกเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธเนเธฒเธ เธเธฒเธเธงเธดเธเธฒเธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธญเธเธเธฑเธเธเนเนเธกเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธ เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธณเธเธฒเธฃเธเนเธฒเธเธเนเนเธเธฅเธญเธเธเธฒเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธเธฑเธเนเธเธฐเธกเธฒเธเธฒเธเธเธนเนเธเธดเนเธฅเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเธดเธเธดเธเธตเนเธเธตเธข เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธชเธญเธเธเนเธเธธเธเธฃเธดเธ เนเธกเนเธฃเธนเนเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเนเธกเธฑเธเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธทเธญเธกเธฑเธเธชเธฐเธเธงเธ เธเนเธฒเธข เธชเธเธฒเธข
เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธณเธเธฒเธเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเธฐเธเธณเธเธฒเธเธเนเธงเธขเธเธงเธฒเธกเธฃเธฑเธเธเธดเธเธเธญเธ เนเธกเนเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเนเธกเนเธเธญเธ เนเธเนเนเธกเธทเนเธญเนเธฃเธฒเธกเธตเธซเธเนเธฒเธเธตเน เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเนเธญเธเธเธขเธฒเธขเธฒเธกเธเธณเนเธซเนเธเธตเธเธตเนเธชเธธเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธฃเธฑเธเธเธดเธเธเธญเธเธเธญเธเนเธฃเธฒ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธญเธ เธเธฑเธเธเนเนเธกเนเธเธณ เธเนเธญเนเธกเธทเนเธญเนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเธฑเธเธเธญเธ เธเธฑเธเธเธถเธเธเธฐเธเธณ
เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธณ เธเธฐเธเธณเธเนเธเนเธญเนเธกเธทเนเธญเนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธฅเธเธฃเธฐเนเธขเธเธเน เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธฐเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃเธเนเธเธฐเธเธฒเธกเธงเนเธฒเธเธณเนเธฅเนเธงเธเธฑเธเธเธฐเนเธเนเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเธซเธฅเธฑเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเนเนเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธณเธเธฒเธ
เนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธงเธเธญเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเนเธกเธทเธญเธเธทเธญ เธเธฒเธกเธเธฑเธงเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเนเธเธฐเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเนเนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธดเธเธเนเธญเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธฃ เธเธณเธเธดเธเธเธธเธฃเธฐ เธซเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธฃเธนเน เนเธเนเธเธเนเธญเธกเธนเธฅ เธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเธเธนเธซเธเธฑเธเธเธฑเธเนเธเธฅเธเธเนเธฒเธ เธเนเนเธซเนเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธฑเธเธกเธฑเธเธเธญเธชเธกเธเธงเธฃ เนเธกเนเนเธเนเธซเธกเธเธกเธธเนเธเธญเธขเธนเนเธเธฑเธเธกเธฑเธ เนเธเธขเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธญเธฑเธเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเนเนเธกเนเธชเธเนเธ เธเนเธกเธซเธเนเธฒเธเธนเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเน เนเธเนเธเธนเธซเธเธฑเธเธเธฑเธเนเธเธฅเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธฒเธเธเธตเธซเธเธฑเธเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเนเธ เนเธเนเนเธเธทเนเธญเนเธฅเนเธเธเธเธฑเธเธญเธญเธเนเธฅเธเน เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธฅเนเธเนเธเธกเธญเธญเธเนเธฅเธเน เธงเธฑเธเธซเธเธถเนเธเธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธฑเนเธงเนเธกเธ เธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเนเธกเธทเธญเธเธทเธญเนเธเธเธเธตเน เธเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเนเธเนเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธเนเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน
เธเธฐเธเธฑเนเธเธฅเธญเธเธเธดเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฒเธเธนเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเนเธเนเธเธตเธงเธดเธเธเธญเธเธเธเนเธฃเธฒ เธฃเธงเธกเธเธฑเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธชเธฑเธกเธเธฑเธเธเนเธเธฑเธเธเธนเนเธเธ เนเธฃเธฒเนเธเนเธญเธฐเนเธฃเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธ เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธกเธตเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธญเธเนเธเธตเนเธขเธงเธเนเธญเธเธเธฑเธเธเธนเนเธเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเธฐเธเธณเธเธถเธเธเธถเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธฃเธนเนเธชเธถเธเธเธญเธเธญเธตเธเธเนเธฒเธขเธซเธเธถเนเธ เนเธฃเธฒเธเธฐเนเธกเนเธเธดเธเธเธถเธเนเธเนเธเธฐเนเธเธตเธขเธเนเธเธตเธขเธ เนเธญเธฒเนเธเธฃเธตเธขเธ เธเนเธญเธเธกเธตเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธชเธตเธขเธชเธฅเธฐ เนเธฅเนเธงเธเนเธฃเธนเนเธเธฑเธเธญเธเธเธฅเธฑเนเธ เนเธกเนเธเธณเธเธฒเธกเธญเธฒเธฃเธกเธเน
เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธชเธเนเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เนเธเธฒเธเธฐเธฃเธนเนเธชเธถเธเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธฃ เนเธญเธฒเนเธเธฃเธตเธขเธเนเธเนเธเนเนเธญเธฒเนเธเธฃเธตเธขเธ เนเธกเนเธเธญเนเธเธญเธฐเนเธฃเธเนเนเธงเธขเธงเธฒเธข เนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฒเธเธเนเธณเนเธ เนเธฅเนเธงเธเนเธเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธฃเธฑเธเธเธดเธเธเธญเธ เธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธเนเธชเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเนเธฅเธขเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธ เนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธเธคเธเธดเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฃเธฐเธเธณ เธงเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ
เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเธตเธงเธดเธเธเนเธกเธตเนเธญเธเธฒเธชเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธเธฃเธดเธเธเนเธฒเธงเธซเธเนเธฒ เธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธจเธตเธฅเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธเธฑเนเธเธกเธฑเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธต เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธเนเธกเธตเนเธญเธเธฒเธชเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธเธเนเธณเธขเนเธณเนเธขเน เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธชเธธเธเธเนเธฒเธขเธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธเธเนเธซเนเธเนเธเนเธเธฑเธง เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธเธเนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธชเธเธญเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธช เธญเธขเธฒเธเธเธดเธเธญเธฐเนเธฃเธเนเธเธดเธ เธญเธขเธฒเธเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃเธเนเธเธณ เนเธกเนเนเธเนเธชเธเนเธเธชเนเธงเธเธฃเธงเธก
เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธกเธฒเธญเธขเธนเนเธงเธฑเธเธเนเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเธเธฑเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเธฐเธเธเธดเธเธฑเธเธดเธเธฒเธกเธเธเธฃเธฐเนเธเธตเธขเธ เนเธกเนเธเธฒเธเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธฃเธฒเธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเธเนเธญเธเธเธทเธเนเธเธเธณ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธเธเธทเนเธเธชเธฒเธข เนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธเธณเนเธเนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธทเนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธกเธฒเธเธณเธงเธฑเธเธฃ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธเธฃเธฐเนเธเธตเธขเธ เธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธเธเนเธญเธงเธฑเธเธฃ เนเธเนเธเธเธเธดเธเธฒ เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธกเธตเธเธฒเธฃเธเธณเธเธดเธเธชเนเธงเธเธฃเธงเธกเธเนเนเธเธฃเนเธงเธกเธเนเธงเธขเธเธณ
เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เธกเธฒเธเนเธฒเธเนเธกเนเธกเธฒเธเนเธฒเธ เธเธณเธงเธฑเธเธฃ เนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธญเธขเธฒเธเธเธญเธเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเธซเธฅเธฑเธ เนเธกเนเธญเธขเธฒเธเธกเธฒเธเนเนเธกเนเธกเธฒ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธญเธขเธฒเธเธเธทเนเธเธเนเนเธกเนเธเธทเนเธ เธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธเธญเธเธชเนเธงเธเธฃเธงเธก เธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธญเธขเธฒเธเธเธณเธเธฑเธเธเนเนเธกเนเธเธณ เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธเธณเนเธซเนเธเธตเธงเธดเธเนเธฃเธฒเธขเนเธณเนเธขเนเนเธ
เนเธเนเธเธตเนเธเธฃเธดเธเนเธฅเนเธงเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธขเธเนเธขเธฐเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธ เธเนเธเธฐเธเธณเนเธซเนเนเธฃเธฒเธชเธฒเธกเธฒเธฃเธเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธตเธงเธดเธเนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเน เนเธเนเธเธฒเธเธเธฃเธฑเนเธเธกเธฑเธเธเนเนเธกเนเธเนเธฒเธขเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธเธฐเนเธขเธเนเธขเธฐเนเธเนเธเธฑเธเนเธเธ เธฃเธฐเธซเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธเธฒเธเธเธฃเธฑเนเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธชเธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเธฐเธญเนเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเธเธฒเธฐเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธตเนเธเธนเธเนเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธซเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธขเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธ เธเธฑเธเธเนเนเธกเนเธชเธเนเธ
เธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธเนเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธณเธเธฒเธ เธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเธเนเธกเธตเนเธเธเธฑเธช เธเนเธฒเธซเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเนเธเนเนเธเธเธฑเธช เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธฃเธนเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธเนเธเนเนเธเธเธฑเธชเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเนเธเน 50,000 เนเธเนเธญเธตเธเธเธเนเธเน 70,000 เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธชเธเธซเธเธถเนเธ เธเนเธเธฐเนเธกเนเธเธญเนเธ เธเนเธเธฐเธญเนเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธเธทเธญเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธทเธญเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เธเนเธเธทเธญเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เธเนเธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธฃเนเธญเธ เธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเธเธฃเธฐเธเนเธงเธ เธญเธฒเธเธเธฐเนเธงเธขเธงเธฒเธขเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธเธทเธญเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เธเธถเธเธเธฐเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ
เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธซเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒ เธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธชเธ เนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธเนเธเธฒเนเธเน 50,000, 70,000 เนเธเธตเธขเธเนเธฅเธข เนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธชเธฑเธเธเธณเนเธฅเธขเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธกเธฑเธเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเนเธเนเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒ เธเธฃเธฒเธงเธเธตเนเธเธฑเธเนเธเนเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒ เธเนเธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธตเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเนเธฅเนเธง เธเธถเธเธเธญเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธเธดเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธญเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธซเธเน เนเธกเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธฐเธกเธตเนเธเธดเธเธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธเนเนเธเธดเธเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธญเธขเธนเนเธเธฑเนเธเนเธญเธ เธเนเธเนเธญเธเธเธณเนเธซเนเนเธเธดเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธถเนเธเธกเธฒ เธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ
เธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธฃเนเธญเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธฃเนเธญเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธเนเธญเธขเธเธฃเธฑเนเธเนเธฅเธขเนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเธชเธนเธเนเธชเธตเธขเธเธฅเธเธฃเธฐเนเธขเธเธเน เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธฃเธฐเนเธขเธเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เธเนเธฒเธซเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเธดเธเธเนเธญเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เธเธฐเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธฃเนเธญเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธฃเนเธญเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธซเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเนเธฅเธทเธกเนเธเนเธฅเธข เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเนเธซเธฅเธฐเธเธฐเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเธญเนเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเนเธญเนเธกเธทเนเธญเธกเธฑเธเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธ เธเธฑเนเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธฒเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธฅเนเธงเธเธฑเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เนเธเนเธเธฅเธฑเธเธเธตเธซเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเนเธเนเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เนเธฅเนเธงเธซเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธซเธกเธฒเธขเธเธถเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเนเธญเธขเธฅเธ เธฅเธเธฅเธเธกเธฒเธเธฒเธเนเธชเธเนเธซเนเนเธซเธฅเธทเธญ 70,000 เนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธเธญเธทเนเธ เธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเนเธญเธฒเนเธฅเนเธง
เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธเนเนเธเนเธเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธเธเธญเธขเธนเนเธเนเธญเธข เน เธญเนเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเนเธญเนเธกเธทเนเธญเธกเธฑเธเธเธนเธเนเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเนเธกเธทเนเธญเนเธซเธฃเน เธเนเนเธกเนเธญเนเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธฅเนเธง เธฅเธทเธกเนเธเนเธฅเธข เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธเนเธญเธเธฃเธฐเธกเธฑเธเธฃเธฐเธงเธฑเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธเธฒเธเธเธฃเธฑเนเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธชเธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเธญเนเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธเธญเธเธเธฅเธเธฃเธฐเนเธขเธเธเนเธเธญเธเธกเธฑเธ เนเธฅเธฐเธเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธเธดเธขเธฒเธกเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเธฃเธเธฑเธเนเธ เธเธถเนเธเธญเธขเธนเนเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ
เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธกเธฑเธเธเนเธกเธญเธเนเธเนเธซเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเน เนเธฅเธฐเธเธฃเธเธเธตเนเนเธซเธฅเธฐ เนเธเนเธเนเธญเธเธฒเธชเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธณเนเธซเนเธเธฑเธงเธเธดเนเธฅเธชเธกเธฑเธเธกเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธงเธเธณเธซเธเธ เธงเนเธฒเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธซเธเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ
เธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธเนเธเธซเธกเธนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธซเธเธถเนเธ เนเธกเธทเนเธญเธชเธฑเธ 30-40 เธเธตเธเนเธญเธ เธชเธกเธฑเธขเธเธตเนเธขเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธกเธตเธญเธเธ. เนเธเธซเธกเธนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธเธฑเนเธเธกเธตเธเธฑเนเธกเธเนเธณ เธเธตเนเนเธเนเนเธเธเธเธฑเธเนเธขเธ เนเธเนเธเธเธฑเนเธกเธเนเธณเธเธญเธเธซเธกเธนเนเธเนเธฒเธ เธกเธฑเธเนเธเธดเธเนเธชเธตเธขเธเธถเนเธเธกเธฒ เธเธฑเธเธจเธถเธเธฉเธฒเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธฃเธเธฃเธฐเธเธณเธซเธกเธนเนเธเนเธฒเธ เนเธเธฒเธเนเนเธชเธเธญเธงเนเธฒเธเธงเธฃเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเนเธเธดเธเธเธธเธเธซเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเนเธฅเธขเธซเธฅเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฅเธฐ 10 เธเธฒเธ เนเธเธทเนเธญเนเธเนเธเธเนเธฒเธเนเธญเธกเธเธฑเนเธก
เธเธฃเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฒเธงเธเนเธฒเธเธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธเนเธกเนเธขเธญเธก เธเธญเธเธงเนเธฒเธเนเธฒเธเธเธฑเธเธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธฅเธเธฒเธเธเธฑเนเธกเธเนเธณ เธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเนเธญเธขเนเธเนเนเธเนเธซเธฃเธญเธ เธเนเธฒเธเนเธซเธเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธฑเนเธกเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธฅเนเธเธฑเนเธก เธเธงเธฃเธเธฐเนเธชเธตเธขเธกเธฒเธเธเธงเนเธฒ เธชเนเธงเธเธเนเธฒเธเนเธซเธเธเธตเนเธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธฅเนเธเนเธเนเธญเธข เธเนเธเธงเธฃเธเธฐเนเธชเธตเธขเธเนเธญเธข เนเธเธเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธชเธตเธข 10 เธเธฒเธ เธเนเนเธชเธตเธข 5 เธเธฒเธ เนเธชเธตเธขเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธเธเธฅเธเธเนเนเธเนเธเธญเธฑเธเธงเนเธฒเธเนเธญเธเนเธชเธตเธขเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ
เนเธเนเธซเธเธถเนเธเนเธเธทเธญเธเธเนเธญเธกเธฒเนเธเธซเธกเธนเนเธเนเธฒเธ เธกเธตเธเธเนเธญเธฒเธเนเธฒเธซเนเธกเธกเธฒเนเธเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเนเธเธฅเนเธคเธเธนเธซเธเธฒเธง เนเธญเธฒเธกเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธขเธงเธฑเธ เธซเธฅเธงเธเธเนเธญเนเธเนเธฒเธญเธฒเธงเธฒเธชเธเนเธฒเธเธเนเธเธฃเธถเธเธฉเธฒเธกเธฑเธเธเธฒเธขเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเธเนเธฒเธซเนเธกเธกเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธญเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธเธเนเธซเนเธเธฒเธงเธเนเธฒเธเธเธธเธเธเธฃเธฑเธงเนเธฃเธทเธญเธเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเธฒเธขเธเธเนเนเธชเธเธญเธงเนเธฒเธเนเธฒเธเนเธซเธเธเธตเนเธเนเธงเธขเธชเนเธงเธเธฃเธงเธกเนเธเน 2 เธเธทเธ เธเนเธฒเธเนเธซเธเธเธตเนเนเธกเนเธเนเธญเธขเธเนเธงเธขเธชเนเธงเธเธฃเธงเธกเนเธเน 1 เธเธทเธ
เธเธญเธเธฃเธฐเธเธฒเธจเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธฒ เธเธฒเธงเธเนเธฒเธเนเธกเนเธเธญเนเธ เธเธญเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธเธทเธญเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธเธทเธญเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เธเนเนเธเธฅเธเธเธฐ เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเนเธฒเธขเนเธเธดเธ เธเนเธญเธเธเนเธฒเธขเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เธเธถเธเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธเนเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธญเนเธเนเธเนเธฒเธซเนเธกเธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธเธเธเนเธฒเธซเนเธก เธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธถเธเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก
เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเนเธเธฅเธงเนเธฒเธญเธฐเนเธฃ เนเธเธฅเธงเนเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธญเธ เธกเธฑเธเนเธเธฃเธเธฑเธเธเธถเนเธเธญเธขเธนเนเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเนเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธงเธฃเธเธฐเธเนเธฒเธขเธเนเธญเธขเธเธงเนเธฒ เธเนเธฒเธขเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธถเธเธเธฐเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธเนเธเธถเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธเน เธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธถเธเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก
เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธเธดเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฒเธเธนเธเนเธเธฐเธเธเธงเนเธฒ เธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธดเธขเธฒเธกเธเธณเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเธขเธญเธฒเธจเธฑเธขเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธถเธเนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธเน เธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธถเธเธเธฐเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธเนเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธ เนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเนเธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เนเธเนเนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเนเธฒเธข เธเนเธญเธเธเนเธฒเธขเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธถเธเธเธฐเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธฑเธเธเนเธญเธเธเนเธฒเธขเธเนเธญเธขเธเธงเนเธฒ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธเนเธฒเธเธเธฑเธเธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธฅ เธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก
เธเธฐเธเธฑเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธกเนเธฃเธฐเธงเธฑเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเนเธเนเธเธเนเธญเธญเนเธฒเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธเธญเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธช เนเธเธทเนเธญเธชเธเธญเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธเธนเนเธซเนเธเธต เน เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เนเธกเนเธงเนเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธซเธกเธฒเธขเธเธฐเธเนเธฒเธเธเธฑเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธฃเธฐเธงเธฑเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเนเธเธตเธขเธงเธเธฑเธเนเธเน เธเนเธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธญเธฑเธเนเธซเธเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธถเธเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธญเธฑเธเนเธซเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ
เนเธฅเธฐเธญเธตเธเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธซเธเธถเนเธเธเธทเธญเนเธกเนเนเธฃเธฒเธเธฐเธกเธตเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธฑเธเนเธเธเธงเนเธฒเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธญเธเธฃเธฐเธงเธฑเธ เธญเธขเนเธฒเนเธเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธทเธญเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธฑเธเธกเธฑเธเธกเธฒเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธทเธญเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธกเธทเนเธญเนเธซเธฃเน เธเธญเนเธเธญเนเธเธฃเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธฅเธข
เธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธเธตเนเนเธเธขเนเธฅเนเธฒ เธจเธตเธฅเธเธฒเธฃเธดเธเธต เธเธงเธเนเธซเธกเน เนเธกเนเธฃเธนเนเธเธฃเธฃเธกเนเธเธตเธขเธก เธขเธทเธเธเธดเธเธเนเธณ เนเธกเนเธเธตเนเธเธดเธเธเนเธฒเธเธกเธฒเนเธซเนเธเธเธฒเธเธฒเนเธฅเธข เธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธเธตเนเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธขเธถเธเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธกเธฒเธเนเธ เธเธญเนเธเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธถเนเธเธกเธฒ เนเธเธฃเธเธเธฐ เธเธธเธเธซเธฅเธฑเธเธจเธตเธฅเธเธฒเธฃเธดเธเธตเนเธฅเธข เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธกเธฒเธ เธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธฑเธเธฃเธฐเนเธเธตเธขเธเธกเธฒเธ เธเธญเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธฑเธเธฃเธฐเนเธเธตเธขเธเธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธญเนเธเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธเธฃเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเนเธเธฐเนเธเธฃเธ
เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธเธตเนเธงเธฑเธเธเนเธกเธตเธฃเธฐเนเธเธตเธขเธ เนเธงเธฅเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธเนเธญเธเธเธดเธเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเนเธกเธทเธญเธเธทเธญ เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธเธทเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธตเนเธเธงเธฃเธเธเธดเธเธฑเธเธดเธฃเนเธงเธกเธเธฑเธ เนเธเนเนเธเธดเธเธกเธตเนเธขเธกเธเธเธซเธเธถเนเธเธฅเธทเธกเธเธดเธเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเนเธกเธทเธญเธเธทเธญ เนเธฅเนเธงเธเธฑเธเนเธญเธดเธเธกเธตเธเธเนเธเธฃเนเธเนเธฒเธกเธฒ เนเธชเธตเธขเธเธเนเธเธฑเธเธเธฅเธฒเธเธจเธฒเธฅเธฒเนเธฅเธข เธเธเธฐเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธฒเธญเธฒเธงเธฒเธชเธเธณเธฅเธฑเธเนเธเธจเธเนเธญเธขเธนเน เธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเน เน เนเธฅเธข เธเนเธฒเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธกเธฒเธ เนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเธเธเธตเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธ
เนเธเธฃเธเนเธฅเนเธงเนเธเนเธเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธฃ เธเนเธเธฐเนเธเธเธเนเธฒเนเธฅเธข เนเธเนเธฒเธญเธฒเธงเธฒเธชเธเนเธเธฐเนเธเธเธเนเธฒเนเธฅเธข เธเธณเธฅเธฑเธเนเธเธจเธเนเธญเธขเธนเนเธเธตเน เนเธเธฅเธตเนเธขเธเนเธซเธกเธเนเธฅเธขเธเธฐ เนเธเนเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเนเธฒเนเธเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธเนเธฒเธเธญเธเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเนเธเธตเนเธฅเธทเธกเธเธดเธเนเธเธฃเธจเธฑเธเธเน เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธญเนเธเธญเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธตเน เธกเธฑเธเนเธเธดเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธถเนเธเธกเธฒ เธเธญเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธฅเนเธงเธเธดเนเธฅเธชเธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเธฃเนเธญเธกเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธฅเนเธเธเธฒเธ เธเธฃเนเธญเธกเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธงเธขเธงเธฒเธข เธเธฃเนเธญเธกเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธนเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธฃเนเธญเธกเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธฃเธฐเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃเธเนเธเธฒเธกเธเนเธงเธขเธญเธณเธเธฒเธเธเธญเธเนเธเธชเธฐ เธเนเธงเธขเธญเธณเธเธฒเธเธเธญเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธช เธเธถเนเธเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข
เธเธฐเธเธฑเนเธเนเธฃเธฒเธเนเธญเธเธฃเธฐเธงเธฑเธ เธเธเธฐเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธกเธฒเธเนเธ เธเธญเนเธเธญเนเธเธฃเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธถเนเธเธกเธฒ เธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธฐเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธฅเธข เธเธฑเนเธเน เธเธตเนเธเธนเนเธเธดเธเน เนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธฑเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเธซเนเธฒเธเธเธฑเธเธเธฐ เธกเธฑเธเนเธเธฅเธเธฑเธเธกเธฒเธ
เนเธเนเธเนเธเธตเธขเธงเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธฒเธเธเธตเธกเธฑเธเธเนเนเธเธฅเธเธฑเธเธกเธฒเธ เนเธเนเนเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฃเธฑเนเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฃเธฒเธง เธเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธฃเธนเนเธเธฑเธเธกเธฑเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเนเธเธตเธขเธงเธเธฑเธเนเธเนเธฅเธข เธเธทเธญเธเนเธฒเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธกเธทเนเธญเนเธซเธฃเน เธเนเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเนเธกเธทเนเธญเธเธฑเนเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเนเธเนเธญเนเธกเธทเนเธญเธกเธฑเธเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเนเธฒเธญเธฑเธเนเธซเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเนเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธ
เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธชเธเธดเธเธดเธเธฒเธฃเธเธฒ เธเธฒเธฃเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธฃเธนเนเธงเนเธฒเธญเธฐเนเธฃเธเธนเธ เธญเธฐเนเธฃเธเธดเธ เนเธเนเธเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเธเธต เนเธฅเธฐเธเธฒเธฃเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเธเธเธดเธเธฑเธเธดเธเธฒเธกเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเนเนเธเนเธเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเธเธต เนเธฃเธตเธขเธเธงเนเธฒเธกเธตเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธกเธฒเธเนเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเนเธฒเธขเธกเธฒเธเนเธฅเธขเธเธฐ เธเธตเนเนเธงเธฅเธฒเนเธเธญเนเธเธฃเธเธณเธญเธฐเนเธฃเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธฃเธฐเธเธธเนเธเนเธซเนเนเธเธดเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธเธเธฑเธเธเธต
เนเธฅเนเธงเธเธฒเธเธเธตเธเนเนเธกเนเธฃเธนเนเธเธฑเธงเธเธฐ เธเนเธขเธฑเธเธเธดเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธฑเธเธเธณเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเนเธเธตเนเธเธฃเธดเธเนเธฅเนเธงเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเธเธณเนเธเธกเธฑเธเธเธนเธเนเธเธเนเธฒเธเธซเธฒเธ เนเธฅเนเธงเธกเธฑเธเธเนเนเธเธดเธเนเธฅเธขเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธเธธเธเธซเธฅเธฑเธเธเธเธญเธทเนเธเธเธตเนเธกเธฑเธเธเธฐเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธฃ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธเธฐเนเธเธเธเนเธฒเธเธฅเธฒเธเธจเธฒเธฅเธฒเนเธเธเธเธฐเธเธตเนเธเธฒเธเธชเธเธด เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธเธณเนเธเธเนเธงเธขเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเธฃเธ เธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธฃ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเนเธเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธฅเธฐเนเธญเธตเธขเธเธญเนเธญเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธกเนเนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเธกเธฑเธเธเธฐเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธชเธดเนเธเธเธฃเธเธเนเธฒเธกเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ
เธเนเธฒเนเธฃเธฒเนเธกเนเธฃเธฐเธงเธฑเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธขเธถเธเธกเธฑเนเธเธเธทเธญเธกเธฑเนเธ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเธฐเธเธณเนเธซเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธฑเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธญเธฑเธเนเธเธตเธขเธงเธเธฑเธ เนเธฅเนเธงเธเนเธเธณเนเธซเนเนเธเธดเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธดเธเธเธฅเธฒเธ เธซเธฃเธทเธญเนเธเธดเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธชเธตเธขเธซเธฒเธขเธเธถเนเธ
เธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธเธเนเธเธณเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธดเธเธฑเธเธฉเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเธกเธตเนเธขเธญเธฐเนเธฅเธข เธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธเนเธฒเธงเธเนเธเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธเนเธฒเธเธเธเธฑเนเธเธเธเธเธตเนเนเธเธทเนเธญเธฃเธฑเธเธฉเธฒเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธกเนเธงเนเธฒเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฒเธฃเนเธกเธทเธญเธ เธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธเธจเธฒเธชเธเธฒ
เธญเธขเนเธฒเธเธเธงเธเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธเธเนเธญเธเธฒเธฃเธฃเนเธฒเธข เธซเธฅเธฒเธขเธเธเนเธเธฒเธเนเธเธดเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธฒเธเธณเนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธฃเธฐเนเธเนเธฒ เนเธเธฒเธเธณเนเธเธทเนเธญเธเธดเธเธฑเธเธฉเนเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธเธจเธฒเธชเธเธฒ เนเธเนเธงเนเธฒเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเนเธเธฒเธเธณ เธกเธฑเธเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธชเธตเธขเนเธฅเนเธง เธเธณเนเธเธเนเธงเธขเธญเธณเธเธฒเธเธเธญเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธช เธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธเธเธเธเธฑเธเธชเธดเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธฃเธเธฐเธญเธขเธนเนเนเธเธฃเธเธฐเนเธ เนเธเธฃเธเธตเนเธเธดเธเนเธกเนเนเธซเธกเธทเธญเธเธเธฑเธ เธเนเธเนเธญเธเธเธนเธเธเธณเธเธฑเธเธญเธญเธเนเธเธเธฒเธเนเธฅเธเธเธตเน เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธกเธฑเธเนเธเนเธเธเธเธเธตเนเธเธดเธเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเธเธดเธเธฑเธเธดเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ
เธเธตเนเธเธฃเธดเธเธเนเนเธเนเธเนเธเธตเธขเธเนเธเนเนเธซเนเธเธเนเธฒเธเธเธฒเธเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเนเธเนเธฒเธเธฑเนเธ เนเธเนเธเธญเนเธเธญเธเธเธเธตเนเนเธซเนเธเธเนเธฒเธ เธเนเนเธเธฅเธตเนเธขเธเธเธฒเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธเนเธญเธญเนเธฒเธเธงเนเธฒเนเธเธฒเธเธณเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเธเธฐเธเธฑเนเธเธเนเธชเธกเธเธงเธฃเธเธณเธเธฑเธเธญเธญเธเนเธเธเธฒเธเนเธฅเธเธเธตเน
เธญเธฑเธเธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเนเธฃเธฒเนเธซเนเธเธกเธฒเธเธเธถเนเธเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธขเน เธเธตเนเนเธเนเธเธเนเธฒเธง เนเธฅเนเธงเธกเธฑเธเนเธกเนเนเธเนเนเธเธฃเธฒเธฐเนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธจเธฒเธชเธเธฒเธญเธขเนเธฒเธเนเธเธตเธขเธง เนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธเธฒเธฃเนเธกเธทเธญเธ เนเธฃเธทเนเธญเธเธงเธฑเธเธเธเธฃเธฃเธก เธเนเธกเธตเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธเธญเธเธกเธฑเธ เนเธเนเธเนเธฒเนเธเธขเธถเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเธกเธฒเธเนเธ เนเธเธฃเธเธตเนเธเธเธดเธเธฑเธเธดเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธเนเธเธชเธฒเธขเธเธฒเธเธญเธเนเธฃเธฒ เธกเธฑเธเธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธชเธดเนเธเธเธตเนเธเธฃเธฐเธเธธเนเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเนเธ เธเธณเนเธซเนเนเธเธดเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธเธฃเธ เธเธณเนเธซเนเนเธเธดเธเธเนเธญเธญเนเธฒเธเนเธเธเธฒเธฃเธเธตเนเธเธฐเธเธฑเธเธเธฒเธฃ เธเธณเธฃเนเธฒเธข เธซเธฃเธทเธญเธงเนเธฒเธชเธฑเธเธซเธฒเธฃ
เธเธฐเธเธฑเนเธเธเนเธญเธเธฃเธฐเธงเธฑเธเธกเธฒเธเธเธตเนเธเธตเธขเธง เธเธฒเธฃเธเธณเธเธงเธฒเธกเนเธกเนเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เนเธเธเธฒเธกเธเธญเธเธเธงเธฒเธกเธเธนเธเธเนเธญเธ เธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธงเนเธฒเธเธณเนเธเธเนเธงเธขเธญเธณเธเธฒเธเธเธญเธเธเธดเนเธฅเธช เนเธเธเธเธตเนเธเธฐเนเธเนเธเธเธฃเธฃเธกเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธข เธเนเธเธฅเธฒเธขเนเธเนเธเธญเธฑเธเธเธฒเธเธดเธเนเธเธขเนเธ.
https://youtu.be/nvGHQUvjvOE
เธเธฃเธฐเนเธเธจเธฒเธฅ เธงเธดเธชเธฒเนเธฅ เธงเธฑเธเธเนเธฒเธชเธธเธเธฐเนเธ 4 เธเธฑเธเธขเธฒเธขเธ 2565 เธเธญเธเธญเธเธเธธเธ Nonglak Trongselsat
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@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-18 08:18:45
Discipline is โdoing things with intention, without being swayed or carried away by emotions.โ On the other hand, lack of discipline implies the opposite:
Lack of discipline is โacting according to emotional fluctuations or being carried away by feelings,โ such as sleepiness, hunger, boredom, frustration, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, fear, infatuation, or lack of mindfulness. This often leads to various excuses like:
- "I'll do it later."
- "I'm too tired."
- "It's too hot or too cold."
- "It's still early."
- "It's already too late."
- Etc.
Building lasting discipline โdoes not come from force, but from dreams.โ The law of dreams states that we must create a clear vision of our โheavenโ (goal), then minimize the gap between thought and action. The more we overthink, the less likely we are to actโour mind becomes weak and unstable.
The law of dreams also suggests dreaming for others, not just for oneself. When the mind is overly focused on personal success, wisdom and insight diminish. Actions become self-centered and lack empathy. But when our goal is for the greater good, every action becomes meaningful and contributes to shared happiness and success.
โ Metha Harimtepathipbodi
Read the TH full version at: https://w3.do/SODEDpmP
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@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-18 08:18:23
The Dhamma of the Buddha is not merely a concept or philosophical hypothesis. It is the direct seeing of the truth โ that suffering truly exists within us, and that it can genuinely be ended โ through observing, with wisdom, not by calculation or blind belief.
Suffering is not an abstract idea; it is a real experience we can feel. When we truly understand suffering by facing it directly โ not running from it or deceiving ourselves โ we will see that the sense of โselfโ is the root of suffering. Every time the feeling of โthis is me, this is mineโ arises โ suffering follows.
The solution is not in argument or debate, but in taking action to see and know this truth for ourselves.
Thus, Dhamma is the science of the mind โ not just a philosophy. And this is why the Buddhaโs teachings have never become outdated, even after more than 2,500 years.
Read the TH full version at: https://w3.do/okHFEDy-
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@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-18 08:16:44
โPhra Ajahn (Venerable Sir), I donโt mean any offense, but since Buddhism already has its core teachings, if I think that we should reduce the number of temples or their structures, would that be considered sinful?โ
โBless you. When you eat a banana, do you eat the peel or the fruit?โ
โI eat the fruit.โ
โOhโฆ and before you eat it, do you peel it?โ
The clean-faced girl nodded.
โWhy do you peel it?โ
โBecause the peel isnโt edible.โ
โOh, so the peel is completely useless, right?โ
She shook her head.
The narrator continues:
โIn truth, the peel has a purposeโit protects the fruit. The same goes for durian or jackfruit peels. Think about it, if a fruit has a tough peel, it usually keeps the inside well protectedโand the inside is often deliciousโฆโ
โTo eat the fruit, we shouldnโt get confused and eat the peel. Nor should we eat only the peel and discard the fruit. Our role is to know whatโs the peel and whatโs the fruitโand we must know how to peel it.โ
โI must admit, personally, I donโt care much for construction, decoration, or rituals, but I understandโsome people enjoy them and find them beneficial. Thatโs valid. We just donโt have to argue about itโฆโ
โItโs a matter of knowing how to โpeel.โ Donโt get lost in the outer layers, but also donโt discard the essence inside. Instead, help guide others to understand, without throwing away what matters mostโฆโ
โFor example, take prostrating. I donโt mind whether or not people prostrate to me. Itโs not mandatory.โ
โAfter reading the sutras and analyzing them, I found that in the Buddhaโs time, when he gave teachings, many people came to listen. Some prostrated, some just joined their palms, some didnโt prostrate and just sat down, and some walked by without listening at all.โ
โLikewise, when people left, their reactions varied. Some came with faith and left with it. Some changed and lost faith. Others came with doubt but gained faith later. And some never changed. That was during the Buddhaโs time, no less.โ
โSo, we must ask: What does prostrating give us? I started doing it only after I was ordained. Iโve been doing it for 14 years. At first, I just followed along.โ
โBut later, I began to understandโit trains humility, helps reduce ego and pride, and teaches us appropriate behavior.โ
โWhen someone prostrates to me, I feel more inclined to teach or talk with them, compared to those who donโt. With the latter, itโs harder to read themโso I just stay still and observe first.โ
โDo you think some people prostrate without understanding the meaning, just copying others?โ
The girl nodded.
โRight? So, I think prostrating, rituals, and temple buildings are not the ultimate essence of Buddhism. But they have meaning. They help guide us to reach the deeper benefit hidden within. Itโs our job to understand themโif we really want to understand.โ
โI believe that true religion doesnโt reside in material things. If it did, then Borobudur, the largest Buddhist monument in the world, filled with stupas, should be bustling with monks and Buddhists.โ
โBut do you know what itโs like now?โ
The girl shook her head.
โโฆNow itโs just a tourist attraction. No monks live there anymore.โ
โYou said we should reduce the number of temples. What would you do with the space?โ
โMaybe turn it into a public park or something.โ
โThatโs a good idea. I like it. Others could come and use it, tooโwith trees and animals. People would feel more at peace.โ
The girlโs eyes lit up.
โBut couldnโt we just plant more trees in the temples and make them like parks? Isnโt that a good idea?โ
She smiled.
โEven though I donโt want us to cling to material or ritualistic forms, I still see their benefits. Look over there!โ
He pointed to a carved wooden box.
All the children turned to look.
โโฆThis box might be just ordinary wood. But once carved, it instantly looks valuable. Itโs different from other boxes. The craftsman needed skill, time, and dedication to create it.โ
โโฆIf you had several wooden boxes to choose from, this would likely be among the first youโd pick.โ
โThis is what we call the value of beauty. Beautiful temples and buildings draw people to care for them, clean them, preserve them, and host meaningful events within. I guess thatโs why temple architecture became such a tradition in the first place.โ
โOne last thingโabout merit and sin.โ
โLetโs understand the meanings first. Merit means cleansing the mind. Sin means lowering the mind, making it gloomy or defiled.โ
โIf you want to make a public parkโmerit or sin?โ
โMerit.โ
โIf youโre annoyed and want to destroy all templesโmerit or sin?โ
โSin.โ
โIf you prostrate with understanding, wishing to train humility and receive the Dhamma from monksโmerit or sin?โ
โMerit.โ
โIf you prostrate mindlessly, just following othersโmerit or sin?โ
The girl paused and looked up.
โStill unclear, right?โ
โYes.โ She nodded firmly.
โThen I ask you to observe your own mind. Is it clean or lowly? Is it merit or sin? Not just with prostrating, but with every action, word, and thought.โ
โSo, how much of your question did I answer?โ
โOne hundred percent!โ
โReally? Okay. Thank you so much for the question.โ
The children bowed and walked out of the pavilion.
The narrator, seizing the moment, reflected with admiration on the question and answer just shared.
This girlโs question wasnโt childish at all.
It was more mature than many adults' questionsโinsightful, nuanced, and sophisticated.
Her voice was clear, confident, courageous, and respectful. It was on point, meaningful, and thought-provokingโfor both the speaker and the listeners.
While listening, she made eye contact and reacted, encouraging shared learning. She was an excellent listener and never missed a beat.
And most importantly, her smile and gaze uplifted and encouraged her classmates, too.
This made the speaker feel proud to be sitting there, at that moment, that day.
Truly joyful to see a young person with such a beautiful mind, who thinks of nature and wants to bring happiness to othersโand who understands and appreciates the essence of Buddhism.
โItโs truly something to be proud ofโto know that the Dhamma is reaching the younger generation. Donโt you agree?โ
The author wasnโt asking anyone.
He turned to look at a marble statue placed behind him, and silently paid homage to the Buddhaโthe Supreme Teacherโwith unwavering reverence.
Asrom Khantisarn A wooden house called โKutiโ June 15, 2023
By Phramaha Fookij Jutipanyo
Read the TH full version at: https://w3.do/Zp6prJLz
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@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd
2025-05-18 08:13:57
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@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-18 07:58:28
The essence of meditation goes beyond seeking mere tranquility or external peace. What truly matters is how we perceive our emotions and thoughts as they arise within us. By cultivating awareness and understanding, we gain the power to liberate ourselves from the grasp of these thoughts and emotions, instead of becoming enslaved or overwhelmed by them.
If we remain unaware, these thoughts and emotions can become our masters, dictating our actions and responses. However, by recognizing that we have the capacity to be masters over them, we unlock the potential to utilize them as valuable tools. With this awareness, we can employ these thoughts to solve life's challenges, be it personal, professional, or moral dilemmas.
In the same vein, emotions, when unexamined, can become our rulers, leading us astray and causing suffering. For instance, sadness can ensnare us in its grip, making us believe that we must be sad to express love for someone. Similarly, anger can deceive us into acting out of righteousness, perpetuating negative cycles.
To break free from these emotional chains, we must observe and understand our emotions with mindfulness. Only then can we release ourselves from their dictates and avoid falling into a pit of depression or ongoing conflict. By practicing the art of "seeing" our thoughts and emotions, we gain control over their influence and prevent them from taking over our hearts.
The journey of meditation involves consistent practice in seeing and observing these mental and emotional phenomena. Through continuous effort, we strengthen our ability to discern and eventually reduce their hold on us. This newfound awareness empowers us to make choices that lead to inner peace and liberation from suffering.
In this process of mindful seeing, we learn that peace is not achieved by suppressing or restraining our thoughts and emotions. True peace comes from allowing them to arise and exist without judgment or oppression. By embracing this mindful perspective, we discover the profound truth that we can be free from the clutches of our thoughts and emotions. Meditation, therefore, becomes the gateway to inner peace and true liberation.
source : เธเธฒเธฃเธเนเธเธเธเธเธฑเธงเนเธญเธเธเธตเนเธชเธณเธเธฑเธ revised by : chat gpt, google translated.
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@ 078d6670:56049f0c
2025-05-18 07:53:13
Imagine having a personal assistant who could prompt you into riding a positive wave of creativity and warn you about a risky period of your life when you are cognitively distracted. An assistant that knows you better than you do, only because it has processing power and a database curated by you for you. A better you, created by you!
There is so much fear around AI. It will take jobs, it will realize how stupid humans are and take over the world. Thatโs if you believe AI can become conscious, not merely mimic human behaviour. But it canโt, it is just a super complex system programmed to interact with you better than before. Here is a explanation by @clif_high : Artificial Intelligence is retarded or AI & Bullshit
AI is still the best thing since the internet!
Imagine having a tool to gauge your personal life, impersonally. No judgement, only code. A tool that could correlate your behaviour with moon phases, seasons, diurnal rhythms, astrological cycles, birthdays (or any other metric); if any patterns exist, it can enlighten you. The same tool filters your inbox, takes action if necessary, alerts you, if necessary.
All the artwork youโve created, youโve appreciated, can be analyzed for future inspiration.
What you might need: personal diary (digital), personal journal (if thereโs a difference), calendar, pictures, emails and a personal AI.
It could also curate a reading list for you, discovering literature it calculates will benefit you, including economic theory and psychology. We would need a feedback system so it didnโt leave the reservation.
Is there a danger it could mislead you? Maybe if you think AI is sentient, or it could miscalculate, so you would need to check its bias (and your own).
Think of your smartphone, but more capable and a lot more processing power. Not more intelligence, thatโs reserved for the programmer. Unless youโre the programmer (but maybe it wonโt be necessary to learn coding), or rather the prompt-engineer, then it is up to your intelligence as to how well you can set up your personal AI assistant. Maybe you need an assistant to help you set it up, like, that would be a great vocation: helping old people configure their AI.
The aim is create opportunities for more recreation time. Time spent being healthy. There could be a setting on your AI to prioritize saving time when connecting with other peopleโs AI, so both enjoy hyper-productivity and time for passion.
There are amazing groups of people concerned in making AI available to all free of bias, decentralized and open source:
- GPT4ALL
- @BrianRoemmele on X & readmultiplex.com
- Open Agents is working on making AI decentralized by securing it openly with the Bitcoin blockchain (@OpenAgentsInc on X).
- If you know of any others, please drop a reference in the comments.
It is essential for humanity that AI remains open source. If it is centralized and co-opted by private corporations in cahoots with government, weโre in big trouble (genocide, slavery, poverty, endless wars). Decentralized, transparent, open-source AI leads to better humans!
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@ 83279ad2:bd49240d
2025-05-18 07:27:02
nostr:nevent1qvzqqqr4gupzpqe8ntfgamz8sh3p88w99x5k2r7mksjrvm2xghju9qj00j75jfqdqythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3wamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwdehhxarj9e3xzmny9uq3wamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwwpexjmtpdshxuet59uq3wamnwvaz7tmnv4shycmg9ehx7ueww3hkgcte9uq3wamnwvaz7tmnv4shycmg9ehx7ueww3hkgcte9uq3wamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwwpexjmtpdshxuet59uqsuamnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dshsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wshszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz7qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7qgwwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkctcqyznaykvq5f87swdlg0tf4u8zph2k0snnwnjwdsm59uun96nuya70wzx2z50
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@ 86dfbe73:628cef55
2025-05-18 07:23:56
Es gibt einen neuen Markt. Es ist der Markt der Aufmerksamkeit. Die Aufmerksamkeitsรถkonomie ist ein Markt, auf dem menschliche Aufmerksamkeit als knappes Gut gilt. Werbetreibende sind zunehmend auf der Suche nach ihr. Aber Vorsicht: Aufmerksamkeit ist nicht das Produkt, sondern das Zahlungsmittel. Wer hier seine Produkte (Informationen) feilbietet, darf froh sein, wenn er Aufmerksamkeit โ und nur diese โ findet.
Der Schlรผssel zum Erfolg in diesem Markt besteht darin, unsere Aufmerksamkeit mit ansprechenden Inhalten zu fesseln, sie durch verschiedene psychologische Tricks und Manipulationen zu erhalten und unsere Gehirne fรผr Werbedollar auszunutzen. Um einem Nutzer Werbung zeigen zu kรถnnen, muร dieser sich allerdings auf der Plattform befinden. Daher wollen alle Dienste - ob FB, YouTube oder Amazon - Nutzer mรถglichst lange auf der eigenen Site oder eben App halten. Allerdings ist Aufmerksamkeit eine biologisch begrenzte Ressource, um die immer mehr Angebote konkurrieren.
Der unglรผckliche Nebeneffekt davon ist, dass diese Manipulationen unsere Fรคhigkeit, klar zu denken und logische Meinungen zu bilden, weiter beeintrรคchtigen. Wรคhrend die verfรผgbare Zeit pro Tag konstant bleibt, nimmt der Wettbewerb um unsere Aufmerksamkeit exponentiell zu. Unter dem immensen Druck, Engagement und Wachstum in den Vordergrund zu stellen, haben die kommerziellen Plattformen einen Wettlauf um die Aufmerksamkeit der Menschen in Gang gesetzt, der unsichtbare Schรคden fรผr die Gesellschaft verursacht hat.
Der Internet-Nutzer hat heutzutage, mit den richtigen Tools, die Macht รผber seine kostbare Aufmerksamkeit und wird deswegen jede Werbung wegfiltern, er wird jedes Bezahlmodell unterlaufen, das sich ihm in den Weg stellt und er wird jeden Text aus seinem Kontext reiรen und ihn einbetten in seinen eigenen Kontext.
Wir mรผssen Aufmerksamkeit als politische Kategorie bewerten. Die Beobachtung, dass Energie der Aufmerksamkeit folgt, gilt als Grundlage fรผr politische Debatten und bestimmt das Bild von รffentlichkeit. Welcher Meinungsรคuรerung wird รถffentlich Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt und welche Meinungen lรครt man privat an sich heran?
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@ a5ee4475:2ca75401
2025-05-19 00:22:41
clients #link #list #english #article #finalversion #descentralismo
*These clients are generally applications on the Nostr network that allow you to use the same account, regardless of the app used, keeping your messages and profile intact.
**However, you may need to meet certain requirements regarding access and account NIP for some clients, so that you can access them securely and use their features correctly.
CLIENTS
Twitter like
- Nostrmo - [source] ๐๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐)๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Coracle - Super App [source] ๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Amethyst - Super App with note edit, delete and other stuff with Tor [source] ๐ค(on zapstore)
- Primal - Social and wallet [source] ๐๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Iris - [source] ๐๐ค๐
- Current - [source] ๐ค๐
- FreeFrom ๐ค๐
- Openvibe - Nostr and others (new Plebstr) [source] ๐ค๐
- Snort ๐(๐ค[early access]) [onion] [source]
- Damus ๐ [source]
- Nos ๐ [source]
- Nostur ๐ [source]
- NostrBand ๐ [info] [source]
- Yana [source] ๐๐ป(๐ง) ๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Nostribe [on development] ๐ [source]
- Lume ๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐) [info] [source]
- Gossip - [source] ๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐)
- noStrudel - Gamified Experience [onion] [info/source] ๐
- [Nostrudel Next] - [onion]
- moStard - Nostrudel with Monero [onion] [info/source] ๐
- Camelus - [source] ๐ค [early access]
Community
- CCNS - Community Curated Nostr Stuff [source]
- Nostr Kiwi [creator] ๐
- Satellite [info] ๐
- Flotilla - [source] ๐๐ง๐ค(on zapstore)
- Chachi - [source] ๐
- Futr - Coded in haskell [source] ๐ง (others soon)
- Soapbox - Comunnity server [info] [source] ๐
- Ditto - Soapbox community server ๐ [source] ๐
- Cobrafuma - Nostr brazilian community on Ditto [info] ๐
- Zapddit - Reddit like [source] ๐
- Voyage (Reddit like) [on development] ๐ค
Wiki
- Wikifreedia - Wiki Dark mode [source] ๐
- Wikinostr - Wiki with tabs clear mode [source] ๐
- Wikistr - Wiki clear mode [info] [source] ๐
Search
- Keychat - Signal-like chat with AI and browser [source] ๐ป(๐ง๐ช๐) - ๐ฑ(๐๐ค{on zapstore})
- Spring - Browser for Nostr apps and other sites [source] ๐ค (on zapstore)
- Advanced nostr search - Advanced note search by isolated terms related to a npub profile [source] ๐
- Nos Today - Global note search by isolated terms [info] [source] ๐
- Nostr Search Engine - API for Nostr clients [source]
- Ntrends - Trending notes and profiles ๐
Website
- Nsite - Nostr Site [onion] [info] [source]
- Nsite Gateway - Nostr Site Gateway [source]
- Npub pro - Your site on Nostr [source]
App Store
ZapStore - Permitionless App Store [source] ๐ค ๐ป(๐ง๐)
Video and Live Streaming
- Flare - Youtube like ๐ [source]
- ZapStream - Lives, videos, shorts and zaps (NIP-53) [source] ๐ ๐ค(lives only | Amber | on zapstore)
- Swae - Live streaming [source] (on development) โณ
Post Aggregator - Kinostr - Nostr Cinema with #kinostr [english] [author] ๐ - Stremstr - Nostr Cinema with #kinostr [english] [source] ๐ฑ (on development) โณ
Link Agreggator - Kinostr - #kinostr - Nostr Cinema Profile with links [English] - Equinox - Nostr Cinema Community with links [Portuguese]
Audio and Podcast Transmission
- Castr - Your npub as podcast feed [source]
- Nostr Nests - Audio Chats [source] ๐
- Fountain - Podcast [source] ๐ค๐
- Corny Chat - Audio Chat [source] ๐
Music
- Tidal - Music Streaming [source] [about] [info] ๐ค๐๐
- Wavlake - Music Streaming [source] ๐(๐ค๐ [early access])
- Tunestr - Musical Events [source] [about] ๐
- Stemstr - Musical Colab (paid to post) [source] [about] ๐
Images
- Lumina - Trending images and pictures [source] ๐
- Pinstr - Pinterest like [source] ๐
- Slidestr - DeviantArt like [source] ๐
- Memestr - ifunny like [source] ๐
Download and Upload
Documents, graphics and tables
- Mindstr - Mind maps [source] ๐
- Docstr - Share Docs [info] [source] ๐
- Formstr - Share Forms [info] ๐
- Sheetstr - Share Spreadsheets [source] ๐
- Slide Maker - Share slides ๐ [Advice: Slide Maker https://zaplinks.lol/ site is down]
Health
- Sobrkey - Sobriety and mental health [source] ๐
- Runstr - Running app [source] ๐
- NosFabrica - Finding ways for your health data ๐
- LazerEyes - Eye prescription by DM [source] ๐
Forum
- OddBean - Hacker News like [info] [source] ๐
- LowEnt - Forum [info] ๐
- Swarmstr - Q&A / FAQ [info] ๐
- Staker News - Hacker News like ๐ [info]
Direct Messenges (DM)
- 0xchat ๐ค๐ [source]
- Nostr Chat ๐๐ [source]
- Blowater ๐ [source]
- Anigma (new nostrgram) - Telegram based [on development] [source]
Reading
- Oracolo - A minimalist Nostr html blog [source]
- nRSS - Nostr RSS reader ๐
- Highlighter - Insights with a highlighted read [info] ๐
- Zephyr - Calming to Read [info] ๐
- Flycat - Clean and Healthy Feed [info] ๐
- Nosta - Check Profiles [on development] [info] ๐
- Alexandria - e-Reader and Nostr Knowledge Base (NKB) [source] ๐
Writing
- Habla - Blog [info] ๐
- Blogstack - Blog [info]๐
- YakiHonne - Articles and News [info] ๐๐๐ค(on zapstore)
Lists
- Following - Users list [source] ๐
- Nostr Unfollower - Nostr Unfollower
- Listr - Lists [source] ๐
- Nostr potatoes - Movies List [source] ๐ป(numpy)
Market and Jobs
- Shopstr - Buy and Sell [onion] [source] ๐
- Nostr Market - Buy and Sell ๐
- Plebeian Market - Buy and Sell [source] ๐
- Ostrich Work - Jobs [source] ๐
- Nostrocket - Jobs [source] ๐
Data Vending Machines - DVM (NIP90)
(Data-processing tools)
Games
- Chesstr - Chess ๐ [source]
- Jestr - Chess [source] ๐
- Snakestr - Snake game [source] ๐
- Snakes on a Relay - Multiplayer Snake game like slither.io [source] ๐
ENGINES - DEG Mods - Decentralized Game Mods [info] [source] ๐ - NG Engine - Nostr Game Engine [source] ๐ - JmonkeyEngine - Java game engine [source] ๐
Customization
Like other Services
- Olas - Instagram like [source] ๐๐๐ค(on zapstore)
- Nostree - Linktree like ๐
- Rabbit - TweetDeck like [info] ๐
- Zaplinks - Nostr links ๐
- Omeglestr - Omegle-like Random Chats [source] ๐
General Uses
- Njump - HTML text gateway source ๐
- Filestr - HTML midia gateway [source] ๐
- W3 - Nostr URL shortener [source] ๐
- Playground - Test Nostr filters [source] ๐
Places
- Wherostr - Travel and show where you are
- Arc Map (Mapstr) - Bitcoin Map [info]
Driver and Delivery
- RoadRunner - Uber like [on development] โฑ๏ธ
- Nostrlivery - iFood like [on development] โฑ๏ธ
โ ๏ธ SCAM โ ๏ธ | Arcade City - Uber like [source]
OTHER STUFF
Lightning Wallets (zap)
- Alby - Native and extension [info] ๐
- ZBD - Gaming and Social [info] [source] ๐ค๐
- Wallet of Satoshi - Simplest Lightning Wallet [info] ๐ค๐
- Minibits - Cashu mobile wallet [info] ๐ค
- Blink - Opensource custodial wallet (KYC over 1000 usd) [source] ๐ค๐
- LNbits - App and extesion [source] ๐ค๐๐ป
- Zeus - [info] [source] ๐ค๐
Without Zap - Wassabi Wallet - Privacy-focused and non-custodial with Nostr Update Manager [source]
Exchange
Media Server (Upload Links)
audio, image and video
Connected with Nostr (NIP):
- Nostr Build - Free and paid Upload [info] [source] ๐
- NostrMedia - Written in Go with Nip 96 / Blossom (free and paid) [info] [source]
- Nostr Check - [info] [source] ๐
- NostPic - [info] [source] ๐
- Sovbit - Free and paid upload [info] [source] ๐
- Voidcat - Nip-96 and Blossom [source] ๐
- Primal Media - Primal Media Uploader [source] ๐
Blossom - Your Media Safer
- Primal Blossom ๐
- NostrBuild Blossom - Free upload (max 100MiB) and paid [info] [source] ๐
Paid Upload Only
- Satellite CDN - prepaid upload (max 5GB each) [info] [source] ๐
Without Nostr NIP:
- Pomf - Upload larger videos (max 1GB) [source]
- Catbox - max 200 MB [source]
- x0 - max 512 MiB [source]
Donation and payments
- Zapper - Easy Zaps [source] ๐
- Autozap [source] ๐
- Zapmeacoffee ๐
- Nostr Zap ๐ป(numpy)
- Creatr - Creators subscription ๐
- Geyzer - Crowdfunding [info] [source] ๐
- Heya! - Crowdfunding [source]
Security
- Secret Border - Generate offline keys ๐ป(java)
- Umbrel - Your private relay [source] ๐
Key signing/login and Extension
- Amber - Key signing [source] ๐ค(on zapstore)
- Nowser - Account access keys ๐ฑ(๐ค๐) ๐ป(๐ง๐๐ช)
- Nos2x - Account access keys ๐
- Nsec.app ๐ [info]
- Lume - [info] [source] ๐ง๐ช๐
- Satcom - Share files to discuss - [info] ๐
- KeysBand - Multi-key signing [source] ๐
Code
- Stacks - AI Templates [info] [source] ๐
- Nostrify - Share Nostr Frameworks ๐
- Git Workshop (github like) [experimental] ๐
- Gitstr (github like) [on development] โฑ๏ธ
- Osty [on development] [info] ๐
- Python Nostr - Python Library for Nostr
- Sybil - Creating, managing and test Nostr events [on development] โฑ๏ธ
Relay Check and Cloud
- Nostr Watch - See your relay speed ๐
- NosDrive - Nostr Relay that saves to Google Drive
Bidges and Getways
- Matrixtr Bridge - Between Matrix & Nostr
- Mostr - Between Nostr & Fediverse
- Nostrss - RSS to Nostr
- Rsslay - Optimized RSS to Nostr [source]
- Atomstr - RSS/Atom to Nostr [source]
Useful Profiles and Trends
nostr-voice - Voice note (just some clients)
NOT RELATED TO NOSTR
Voca - Text-to-Speech App for GrapheneOS [source] ๐ค(on zapstore)
Android Keyboards
Personal notes and texts
- Joplin - privacy-focused note taking app with sync capabilities [source] ๐ฑ(๐ค๐) - ๐ป (๐ง๐ช๐)
Front-ends
- Nitter - Twitter / X without your data [source]
- NewPipe - Youtube, Peertube and others, without account & your data [source] ๐ค
- Piped - Youtube web without you data [source] ๐
Other Services
- Brave - Browser [source]
- DuckDuckGo - Search [source]
- LLMA - Meta - Meta open source AI [source]
- DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source]
- Proton Mail - Mail [source]
Other open source index: Degoogled Apps
Some other Nostr index on:
-
@ 793d882b:a2d0433c
2025-05-18 15:01:44
Jo, blomster kommer i alle farger og fasonger. Her har du to eksempler:
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@ 793d882b:a2d0433c
2025-05-18 15:01:43
Skjรธnner du? Bare tekst.
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@ 793d882b:a2d0433c
2025-05-18 15:01:42
TEST TEST TEST Her kommer bildene:
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@ 84b0c46a:417782f5
2025-05-18 12:38:22
Simple Long Form Content Editor (NIP-23)
ๆฉ่ฝ
-
nostr:npub1sjcvg64knxkrt6ev52rywzu9uzqakgy8ehhk8yezxmpewsthst6sw3jqcw ใใ nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzq4jsz7zew5j7jr4pdfxh483nwq9vyw9ph6wm706sjwrzj2we58nqqyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtt2wqhxummnw3ezuamfwfjkgmn9wshx5uqpr4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnhd9ex2erwv46zu6nsqyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqqsgcn99jyn5tevxz5zxsrkd7h0sx8fwnqztula423xh83j9wau7cms3vg9c7 ใฎใใใซnostr:่ฆ็ด ใๆฟๅ ฅใงใใ ๏ผใกใใฅใผใฎNใขใคใณใณใใๆฟๅ ฅใพใใฏnostr:note๏ฝ๏ฝใฎใใใซๆๅใงๅ ฅๅ๏ผ
-
:monoice:ใฎใใใซใซในใฟใ ็ตตๆๅญใๆฟๅ ฅใงใใ(ใกใใฅใผใฎ๐ใขใคใณใณใใ)
:monopaca_kao:
:kubipaca_karada:
- ๆฐ่ฆ่จไบไฝๆใจใๆขๅญ่จไบใฎไฟฎๆญฃใใงใใ
ใใใใจใใฃใใใจ
-
[x] nostr:ใๆ็จฟใใใจใใซtagใซใใใ
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[x] ็ปๅใใขใใใญใผใใงใใใใใซใใ๏ผNIP-96๏ผ
ใงใใ - [x] ๆ็จฟใใพใใใญใฐใจใใใใผในใ็ใชใใคใงใ ใใใใซใใ
- [ ] ใฌใคใขใฆใใๆดใใ
- [ ] ใใจใชใใ
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@ 84b0c46a:417782f5
2025-05-18 12:22:32
- Lumilumi The Nostr Web Client.
Lightweight modes are available, such as not displaying icon images, not loading images automatically, etc.
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MAKIMONO A lightweight Long Form Content Editor with editing functionality for your articles. It supports embedding Nostr IDs via NIP-19 and custom emoji integration.
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Nostr Share Component Demo A simple web component for sharing content to Nostr. Create customizable share buttons that let users easily post to Nostr clients with pre-filled content. Perfect for blogs, websites, or any content you want shared on the Nostr network. Try the interactive demo to see how seamlessly it integrates with your website.
Only clients that support receiving shared text via URL parameters can be added to the client list. If your preferred client meets this requirement, feel free to submit a pull request.
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Nostr Follow Organizer A practical tool for managing your Nostr follows(kind3) with ease.
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NAKE NAKE is a powerful utility for Nostr developers and users that simplifies working with NIP-19 and NIP-49 formats. This versatile tool allows you to easily encode and decode Nostr identifiers and encrypted data according to these protocol specifications.
- chrome extension
- firefox add-on
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Nostviewstr A versatile Nostr tool that specializes in creating and editing addressable or replaceable events on the Nostr network. This comprehensive editor allows you to manage various types of lists and structured content within the Nostr ecosystem.
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Luminostr Luminostr is a recovery tool for Nostr that helps you retrieve and restore Addressable or Replaceable events (such as kind: 0, 3, 10002, 10000, etc.) from relays. It allows you to search for these events across multiple relays and optionally re-publish them to ensure their persistence.
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Nostr Bookmark Recovery Tool Nostr Bookmark Recovery Tool is a utility for retrieving and re-publishing past bookmark events ( kind:10003,30001,30003 ) from public relays. Rather than automatically selecting the latest version, it allows users to pick any previous version and overwrite the current one with it. This is useful for restoring a preferred snapshot of your bookmark list.
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Profile Editor Profile Editor is a simple tool for editing and publishing your Nostr profile (kind: 0 event). It allows you to update fields such as name, display name, picture, and about text, and then publish the updated profile to selected relays.
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Nostr bookmark viewer Nostr Bookmark Viewer is a tool for viewing and editing Nostr bookmark events (kind: 10003, 30001, 30003). It allows users to load bookmark data from relays, browse saved posts, and optionally edit and publish their own bookmark lists.
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Nostr Note Duplicater Nostr Note Duplicater is a tool that rebroadcasts an existing Nostr event from a relay to other selected relays.
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@ 84b0c46a:417782f5
2025-05-18 12:18:41
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ใใผใฌใผใญใณใฐ
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ใใผใใคใณ ๅฐๆนพใซในใใฉ
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็ผ่ใฉใคใฏ
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ๆฌๅฑใงใฎใผใฟใฎ็ทด็ฟๆฌๆขใใฆใฟใใจใ
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ใทใผใใใใชใผใฎๆๆ โ ๆฎ้ใซHWW่ฒทใฃใใปใใใใ่ชฌ
- https://github.com/SeedSigner/seedsigner/releases
- Raspberry Pi Zero v1.3 โ v1.3ใฏใใใใใณใ่ชๅใงใคใใชใใจใใใชใใใWHใซใใฆWi-FiBluetoothใๅคใใฎใใใ
- Raspberry Pi Zero W โ Wi-Fiๅคใใฎใๅฐใ้ขๅ
- Raspberry Pi Zero WH ยฅ3500
- WaveShareใ1.3inch LCD HATใ14972ใ1.3ใคใณใ 240ร240 IPS LCDใใฃในใใฌใคHAT for RaspberryPi ยฅ1980
- Raspberry Pi Zero็จในใใคใซใกใฉ ยฅ3310
ใชใใณใฎ้ทใใ่ฒใ ใใ seedsignerใฎใฑใผในใซใใใใฉๅคๅ็ญใใใคใงใใใ
โใใใใใใคใงใใ
โใฑใผในใซใใฃใฆใฏใใใใใฎใใใๅ ดๅใใใ - https://github.com/SeedSigner/seedsigner/releases
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