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  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    A violência é uma forma de comunicação

    A violência é uma forma de comunicação: um serial killer, um pai que bate no filho, uma briga de torcidas, uma sessão de tortura, uma guerra, um assassinato passional, uma briga de bar. Em todos esses se pode enxergar uma mensagem que está tentando ser transmitida, que não foi compreendida pelo outro lado, que não pôde ser expressa, e, quando o transmissor da mensagem sentiu que não podia ser totalmente compreendido em palavras, usou essa outra forma de comunicação.

    Quando uma ofensa em um bar descamba para uma briga, por exemplo, o que há é claramente uma tentativa de uma ofensa maior ainda pelo lado do que iniciou a primeira, a briga não teria acontecido se ele a tivesse conseguido expressar em palavras tão claras que toda a audiência de bêbados compreendesse, o que estaria além dos limites da linguagem, naquele caso, o soco com o mão direita foi mais eficiente. Poderia ser também a defesa argumentativa: "eu não sou um covarde como você está dizendo" -- mas o bar não acreditaria nessa frase solta, a comunicação não teria obtido o sucesso desejado.

    A explicação para o fato da redução da violência à medida em que houve progresso da civilização está na melhora da eficiência da comunicação humana: a escrita, o refinamento da expressão lingüística, o aumento do alcance da palavra falada com rádio, a televisão e a internet.

    Se essa eficiência diminuir, porque não há mais acordo quanto ao significado das palavras, porque as pessoas não estão nem aí para se o que escrevem é bom ou não, ou porque são incapazes de compreender qualquer coisa, deve aumentar proporcionalmente a violência.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ fa984bd7:58018f52
    2024-01-31 15:00:00

    I just hit the big red PUBLISH button on NDK 2.4.

    (well, actually, I did it from the command line, the big red button is imaginary)

    Codename: Safely Embrace the Chaos

    Nostr is a, mostly, friendly environment with not too many developers and no ill-intent among them.

    But this will not always be the case. Compatibility issues, mistakes, and all kinds of chaos is to be expected.

    This version of NDK introduces validation at the library-level so that clients built using NDK can rely on some guarantees on handled-kinds that events they are consuming comply with what is defined on their respective NIPs.

    An example?

    NIP-88, recurring subscriptions, defines that Tier events should have amount tags of what subscribers are expected to pay and the cadence.

    Prior to NDK 2.4 some malformed events would render like this:

    https://i.nostr.build/Y4JG.png

    But with NDK 2.4 the malformed parts of the events don't reach the client code.

    https://i.nostr.build/wAgJ.png

    This is just a beginning, but event-validation is now moving into the library!

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 9c55b796:ff49a4db
    2024-01-30 10:57:10

    มาถึงตอนที่ 7 ก่อนสุดท้ายละครับ อีกนิดเดียว ใครยังไม่ได้อ่านมาตั้งแต่เริ่ม อาจจะไปลองดู ตอนก่อนๆ ได้นะครับ

    Chapter 15 - Monetary Expansion

    Circulation Credit เครดิตหมุนเวียน เป็นวิธีการที่ธนาคารทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวกลางในการจัดสรรเครดิต ที่ไม่ตรงกันในด้านปริมาณและช่วงเวลา ระหว่างผู้ให้กู้กับผู้กู้ โดยที่เงินทุนที่ใช้ในการกู้ยืมไม่ได้มาจากการออมของผู้ให้กู้โดยตรง มีอยู่ 3 วิธี 1. Fractional Reserves Banking ธนาคารมีเงินสำรองไม่เต็มจำนวน ทำให้เงินที่พร้อมใช้สามารถไปเป็นเครดิตให้กับผู้กู้ได้ และผู้ฝากก็ยังสามารถถอนเงินออกไปได้ 2. จำนวนเงินที่ให้กู้ยืมกับจำนวนเงินฝากมีค่าเท่ากัน แต่มีความแตกต่างกันในเรื่องระยะเวลา ธนาคารจะทำการหมุนเวียนเครดิตในระหว่างที่รอหาผู้ให้กู้คนใหม่เข้ามาแทนที่ 3. การสร้างเครดิตหมุนเวียนอาจดำเนินการผ่านการใช้หลักประกันซ้ำจากการกู้ครั้งก่อน ซึ่งหมายความว่าในการกู้ครั้งที่สองไม่จำเป็นต้องมีเงินฝากเข้ามาใหม่

    ทั้ง 3 วิธี เครดิตไม่ได้ถูกสร้างจากเงินออมที่เท่าเทียมกันของผู้ให้กู้ และมันให้เครดิตกลายเป็นสิทธิ์ในการใช้เงินที่สามารถใช้แทนเงินจริงได้ จากคุณลักษณะพิเศษของเงินที่ทำให้เงินเหล่านั้นถือเป็นเงินปัจจุบัน โดยที่ไม่เสียค่าใช้จ่ายเพิ่มเหมือนเงินที่สร้างยากอย่างการทำเหมืองทอง เป็นวิธีการเพิ่มปริมาณเงินในระบบของเงินสร้างง่าย ที่ส่งผลให้มูลค่าของเงินลดลงจากปริมาณเงินที่เพิ่มขึ้นในระบบ

    image

    ทฤษฎีของทางนักเศรษฐศาสตร์ออสเตรียนมองในความหมายที่แตกต่างกันระหว่าง เงินในความหมายเชิงแคบและสิ่งแทนเงิน

    มุมมองเงินในความหมายเชิงแคบ แบ่งได้ 3 ประเภท

    1. Commodity money เงินที่เป็นสื่อกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนโดยทั่วไป มักมีการซื้อขายในตลาดที่มีผู้ผลิตและผู้บริโภคจำนวนมาก ตัวอย่างในประวัติศาสตร์เช่น โลหะมีค่า ทองคำ และล่าสุดคือ bitcoin
    2. Credit money สิทธิ์ในการเรียกร้องเงินในอนาคตจากหน่วยงานที่เป็นตัวกลางในการแลกเปลี่ยน เช่น ธนาคารหรือสถาบันการเงิน ผู้รับตั้งใจยอมรับมันเพื่อส่งต่อไปยังคนอื่นได้
    3. Fiat Money สื่อกลางในการแลกเปลี่ยนที่ไม่ได้มีค่าในตัวเอง แต่ถูกยอมรับในการใช้งานจากคำสั่งของหน่วยงานทางกฎหมาย ไม่ได้ขึ้นกับวัสดุ อาจจะเป็น ธนบัตร เงินฝาก เหรียญโทเคน สิ่งสำคัญคือตราสัญลักษณ์รับรองจากหน่วยงาน

    มุมมองสิ่งแทนเงิน Money substitutes เครื่องมือทางการเงินที่สามารถใช้เป็นสื่อในการทำธุรกรรม สามารถแลกเปลี่ยนเป็นเงินได้และเป็นสื่อในการทำธุรกรรม แบ่งได้ 2 ประเภท

    1. Money certificates เครื่องมือทางการเงินหรือกระดาษที่สามารถแลกเปลี่ยนเป็นเงินได้เต็มจำนวนตามความต้องการ ได้รับค้ำ 100% จากหน่วยงานที่ออก เช่นธนบัตร บัญชีธนาคารที่สามารถแลกเป็นทองคำได้ (ในช่วงที่เป็นมาตรฐานทองคำ) หรือ bitcoin บน lightning network ใบรับรองเงินในลักษณะนี้จะไม่สร้างปัญหา ตราบใดที่เงินเบื้องหลังมันไม่ถูกใช้พร้อมกับ Money certificates หรือเมื่อแลกคืนแล้ว Money certificates จะถูกทำให้ต้องใช้งานไม่ได้
    2. Fiduciary media สื่อทางการเงินที่ไม่มีอะไร back หลัง หน่วยงานหรือสถาบันที่ออกไม่มีเงินเพื่อขึ้นเงินกลับแบบเต็มจำนวน จะเรียกได้ว่าเป็น "เอกสารแห่งความเชื่อใจ" แม้จะออกโดยธนาคารหรือหน่วยงานที่น่าเชื่อถือก็ตาม สิ่งนี้จะเทียบเท่าเครดิตแบบไม่มีอะไร back และเป็นสาเหตุของ boom-burst cycle จากเกิดการเพิ่มขึ้นของปริมาณเงิน

    ในอดีตกษัตริย์มักจะทำให้ตัวเองรวยขึ้น จากการลดปริมาณโลหะมีค่าในเหรียญ เพื่อทำให้ผลิตเหรียญได้มากขึ้นกว่าโลหะเดิมที่มี กษัตริย์ได้อำนาจในการซื้อเพิ่มขึ้น จากการเสียสละของประชาชนที่ถือสกุลเงิน ราคาของสินค้าจะเพิ่มจากปริมาณเงินที่เพิ่มขึ้น ความมั่งคั่งของทุกคนจะถูกโอนไปยังกษัตริย์

    รัฐสมัยใหม่ทำสิ่งที่คล้ายกันด้วยวิธีการทางกฎหมาย ความรุนแรง อำนาจผูกขาด โดยบังคับให้คนใช้เงินเฟียต ที่เปลี่ยนเป็นเงินที่แท้จริง (Commodity money) ไม่ได้อีกต่อไป ทำเหมือนกับว่าใบรับรองเงินเป็นเงินที่เชื่อถือได้ เพิ่มปริมาณเงินในระบบ ผลคือรัฐรวยขึ้นเพราะมีความสามารถในการควบคุมเงินในระบบ สังคมเสียหายจากอำนาจการซื้อของเงินออมลดลง เกิดความผิดพลาดทางเศรษฐกิจ

    นักเศรษฐศาสตร์สายหลักที่ได้รับเงินสนันสนุนจากธนาคารกลาง เพื่อให้คำแนะนำในการกำหนดนโยบายต่างๆ มีแรงจูงใจที่จะไม่นำเสนอสิ่งที่ไม่เอื้อต่อธนาคารกลาง พวกเขาจะมุ่งความสนใจไปที่การหาวิธีออกจากภาวะถดถอยทางเศรษฐกิจ เช่นเมื่อเกิดปัญหาความต้องการโดยรวมลด ไม่สนใจจะหาสาเหตุ มัวแต่มองว่าจะสร้างงานเพิ่มขึ้นยังไง แก้ปัญหาด้วยเงินเฟียตและนโยบายจากธนาคารกลาง แล้วคิดว่าวัฏจักรทางเรื่องเศรษฐกิจเป็นเรื่องปกติ โดยไม่คิดถึงผลกระทบในระยะยาว

    แทนที่จะหาสาเหตุและแก้ไขที่ต้นเหตุแบบออสเตรียน โดยไม่ต้องสนใจธนาคารกลางเพราะไม่ได้รับทุนจากเขา วิธีคิดของออสเตรียนมองวัฏจักรเศรษฐกิจว่าเป็นผลจากส่วนขยายของเรื่องเงิน หลักการพื้นฐานคือทรัพยากรทางเศรษฐกิจไม่สามารถสร้างขึ้นได้จากเงินที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลัง ทุกการกู้ยืมคือการไม่ได้ใช้เงินของผู้ให้ยืม ทำให้ปริมาณเงินไม่ได้เพิ่มขึ้น

    เปรียบได้เช่นเราตัดสินใจไม่กินข้าวโพด ทำให้ข้าวโพดนั้นสามารถเอาไปใช้เป็นเมล็ดพันธุ์ ไม่ได้สร้างข้าวโพดจากจินตนาการขึ้นมาอีกอัน ตราบเท่าที่เราใช้ Commodity credit ทรัพยากรต่างๆจะสะท้อนถึงความต้องการที่แท้จริงผ่านราคา

    image

    ต่างจากรัฐสมัยใหม่และธนาคารที่ใช้เครดิตหมุนเวียน ที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลังให้เทียบเท่ากับเงิน ทำให้ปริมาณของเงินเพิ่มขึ้นในระบบเพิ่มขึ้นโดยไม่มีการลดการบริโภคที่สัมพันธ์กัน ความต้องการสินค้าในตลาดจะเพิ่มขึ้น เกินกว่าปริมาณที่มีในตลาด ส่งผลทำให้ราคาสินค้าทุนเพิ่มขึ้น ผู้ผลิตต้องแบกรับต้นทุนที่เพิ่มขึ้น แผนการที่วางไว้จึงอาจไม่สามารถนำไปปฏิบัติได้ กำไรที่คาดหวังอาจหายไป สร้างความผิดเพี้ยนในตลาด นำไปสู่การล่มสลายพร้อมๆ กันของการลงทุน ทุนถูกใช้ไปอย่างเสียเปล่า เกิดการเพิ่มขึ้นของการว่างงาน เนื่องจากธุรกิจล้มเหลวหรือต้องปรับตัวใหม่ ความล้มเหลวของธุรกิจที่ขยายตัวเกินขอบเขตพร้อมกันทั่วทั้งเศรษฐกิจนี้เรียกว่า Recession ซึ่งเคนส์เซียนมองว่าเป็นวงจรที่หลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้ เพราะเขาไม่เข้าใจในโครงสร้างทุน เงินที่ไม่มั่นคง และการจัดการดอกเบี้ยทำลายแรงจูงใจในการสะสมทุน ทุกครั้งที่รัฐเริ่มต้นขยายปริมาณเงิน ก็ไม่สามารถหลีกเลี่ยงผลลบได้

    การสร้างและใช้เครดิตที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุน เสมือนการชิฟกราฟความต้องการเงินกู้ไปทางขวา ปริมาณเงินให้กู้เพิ่มขึ้น ดอกเบี้ยต่ำลง แรงจูงใจในการออมลดลง มันจะไม่ยั่งยืน ต่างจากการลดลงโดยธรรมชาติของ low time preference

    ทองคำมีจุดอ่อนที่ไม่สะดวกในการใช้จ่ายสำหรับการชำระหนี้หรือทำธุรกรรมระหว่างประเทศ จึงทำให้ผู้คนมากมายเลือกเก็บทองคำไว้ที่ธนาคารและใช้ธนบัตรแทน สถานการณ์นี้ทำให้ธนาคารเรียนรู้ว่าผู้คนจะไม่มีทางมาแลกทองคำออกไปทั้งหมดพร้อมกัน ซึ่งนำไปสู่การออกเครดิตที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลังเพิ่มมากขึ้น

    ในทางทฤษฎี ยิ่งเครดิตออกมากขึ้นควระจะยิ่งมีความเสี่ยงมากขึ้น การถอนเงินจะเป็นภัยต่อธนาคารมากขึ้น ถ้าเป็นตลาดเสรีคนจะลดความเชื่อถือในธนาคาร คนจะแห่ถอนเงินจากธนาคาร ธนาคารจะล้มหรือไม่ก็เรียนรู้ที่จะลดเครดิตเหล่านี้ลงเอง

    แต่ด้วยการแทรกแซงของรัฐและธนาคารกลางที่เข้ามาช่วยเหลือสถาบันการเงินจากวิกฤติการเงินที่เกิดจากการออกเครดิตที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลัง ด้วยการลดค่าเงินซึ่งทำให้สกุลเงินเสื่อมค่า เกิดเป็นรากฐานของเศรษฐกิจถดถอย วนเป็นวงจรวิกฤติเศรษฐกิจ ที่อำนาจของธนาคารกลางและรัฐจะมากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ ทำลายความสามารถในการออม ทำลายรากฐานสังคมมนุษย์และอารยะธรรม

    Part V - Civilization

    Chapter 16 - Violence

    การกระทำโดยสมัครใจไม่ใช่หนทางเดียวที่มนุษย์มีปฏิสัมพันธ์กัน เรายังสามารถใช้ความรุนแรง หรือขู่ว่าจะใช้ความรุนแรงต่อกันได้ เป็นการแสดงอำนาจของคนนึงต่ออีกคนนึง ในการมีปฏิสัมพันธ์แบบสมัครใจถ้าผู้คนไม่ได้รับประโยชน์อย่างที่หวัง พวกเขาสามารถหยุดหรือปรับเปลี่ยนวิธีได้ แต่ผู้เป็นเหยื่อของความรุนแรงเลือกแบบนั้นไม่ได้ ตราบใดที่ผู้กระทำไม่ได้รับผลจากความก้าวร้าวของตน

    image

    มีความแตกต่างระหว่าง การใช้ความรุนแรง กับการเริ่มต้นใช้ความรุนแรง ตัวอย่างเช่น การใช้ความรุนแรงในการละเมิดการครอบครองทรัพย์สิน ไม่ใช่มาตรฐานของสังคม นำไปสู่ความขัดแย้ง เกิดความร่วมมือกันได้ยาก แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม ความรุนแรงอาจถูกมองว่าเป็นสิ่งที่ยอมรับได้เมื่อเอามาใช้ในการต่อต้าน หรือลงโทษผู้เริ่มต้นใช้ความรุนแรง ถ้าทุกคนเห็นพ้องต้องกัน เช่นการป้องกันตนเองตามกฎหมาย

    หลายๆ สังคมในอดีตเห็นด้วยกับหลักการที่ว่า ความรุนแรงมีเอาไว้ใช้กับผู้ที่ใช้ความรุนแรงเท่านั้น

    นักการเมืองและนักเศรษฐศาสตร์ในปัจจุบันมักเสนอว่ารัฐควรเป็นผู้ผูกขาดความรุนแรง เพื่อระเบียบและความสงบสุข และลงโทษผู้อื่นที่ใช้ความรุนแรง

    ในทางกลับกัน นักเศรษฐศาสตร์แบบออสเตรียนมองว่าบทบาทของรัฐคือ การรักษาความปลอดภัยของประชาชนและทรัพย์สิน รวมถึงรับรองความปลอดภัยจากการรุกรานและลักขโมย ซึ่งมันจะส่งผลให้เกิด low time preference

    เมื่อใดก็ตามที่รัฐทำหน้าที่เกินจุดนั้นเช่น เข้ามาเป็นเจ้าของทรัพยากรทุน กำหนดการจัดสรรทุน แทรกแซงเศรษฐกิจ ตัดสินใจบังคับทรัพยากรของผู้อื่น โดยไม่มี skin in the game ไม่เข้าใจการตัดสินใจส่วนบุคคลในตลาดเสรี จะทำให้การจัดสรรทรัพยากรผิดพลาด

    การกำหนดราคาสินค้าเป็นวิธียอดนิยมของรัฐ เพื่อผลประโยชน์ของคนบางกลุ่มแต่เป็นภาระกับกลุ่มอื่น มันฟังดูง่ายแต่มันไม่เคยได้ผล มีแต่นำไปสู้ความขาดแคลนและตลาดมืด เพราะผู้ผลิตไม่มีแรงจูงใจหรือไม่มีรายได้ที่สูงขึ้นมาซื้อทรัพยากรที่จำเป็นมาผลิตได้ รัฐอาจจะห้ามราคาสูงได้ แต่รัฐบังคับไม่ให้เขาหยุดผลิตไม่ได้ นำไปสู่การลดลงของปริมาณสินค้าในตลาด

    อีกสิ่งที่จะเกิดขึ้นคือตลาดมืด สินค้าจะถูกขายที่ราคาสูงขึ้นแบบผิดกฎหมาย แม้คนสามารถซื้อของที่ต้องการได้ แต่มีภาระในการทำธุรกรรมเพิ่มทั้งผู้ซื้อผู้ขาย เสี่ยงต่อการถูกดำเนินคดี หรือเกิดพ่อค้าคนกลางที่ได้กำไรจากสถานการณ์ แทนที่กำไรส่วนนั้นจะได้นำไปลงทุนเพิ่มการผลิต กลับตกในมือของพ่อค้าคนกลาง

    ปัญหาของราคาที่เพิ่มขึ้นมักมีต้นเหตุมาจากเงินเฟ้อ เงินที่ผลิตง่าย การลดค่าเงิน แต่ต้นเหตุเหล่านี้กลับถูกละเลย การกำหนดราคาขั้นต่ำเช่นค่าจ้าง ก็ให้ผลไม่ได้ดีไปกว่ากัน ดูได้ในบทก่อนหน้านี้

    นักเศรษฐศาสตร์ในปัจจุบันมักมองว่าการใช้จ่ายที่ดีของรัฐ (จากภาษีที่บังคับเก็บมาจากประชาชน) จะช่วยบรรเทาปัญหา บรรลุเป้าหมายสังคมที่ดีกว่า แต่พวกเขาจะไม่ได้คิดถึงต้นทุนอย่างเหมาะสม ไม่เข้าใจความต้องการของแต่ละบุคคล

    ในทางตรงกันข้ามถ้าแต่ละบุคคลตัดสินใจกันเอง เขาจะเลือกใช้จ่ายเพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการของตัวเองอย่างดีที่สุด แต่การใช้จ่ายของรัฐจะไม่ใช่แบบนั้น หรือประเด็นหนึ่งคือรัฐสามารถเลือกที่จะให้เงินอุดหนุนกับคนกลุ่มใดกลุ่มหนึ่ง ที่ส่งผลต่อการบิดเบือนตลาด เช่นเงินอุดหนุนผู้ว่างงาน มันจะสร้างแรงจูงใจให้คนว่างงาน ซึ่งเงินอุดหนุนมักจะมาจากภาษีของผู้มีงานทำ ทำให้กัดกร่อนแรงจูงใจในการทำงาน

    การจัดหาสินค้าและบริการโดยรัฐมักเป็นทางออกอีกแบบนึงที่หลายคนมักเสนอ เพื่อป้องกันการถูกขูดรีดจากภาคเอกชนที่มุ่งแสวงหาผลกำไร เช่นการศึกษา น้ำสะอาด สาธารณะสุข แต่การทำกำไรของเอกชนไม่ใช่เป็นเพียงกลไกที่อยากรวยอย่างเดียว แต่กำไรคือการสะท้อนถึงการประสานงานของตลาดการผลิตทั้งหมด

    เอกชนใช้กำไรเป็นตัวขับเคลื่อนในการคำนวนต้นทุน การเลือกตัวเลือกต่างๆ เพื่อนำเสนอวิธีให้ลูกค้าพอใจได้มากที่สุด และสร้างผลกำไรที่เหมาะสมให้ตัวเอง การดำเนินการโดยรัฐจะไม่มีแรงจูงใจในการทำอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ สินค้าจะไม่เป็นที่ต้องการ สิ้นเปลืองทรัพยากร ค่าใช้จ่ายสูง หรือรอคิวนานที่จะได้รับบริการ

    รัฐจัดหาเงินผ่านการเก็บภาษีโดยตรง หรือโดยอ้อมผ่านเงินเฟ้อ (กู้หรือผลิตเงินเพิ่ม) ซึ่งทั้งสองวิธีลดแรงจูงใจของประชาชนในการออมเงิน หรือนำเงินไปลงทุน ทำให้คนมีความไม่แน่นอนในอนาคต ขัดขวาง low time preference

    image

    ทุกการแทรกแซงของรัฐ จะบิดเบือนการตัดสินใจอย่างอิสระของผู้คน คนจะตัดสินใจผิดเพี้ยนไปจากความต้องการของตัวเอง ข้ออ้างในการแทรกแซงของรัฐ มักจะบอกว่าตลาดจะล้มเหลว ถ้าประชาชนตัดสินใจกันเอง จะได้ผลลัพธ์ด้อยกว่าผู้วางแผนจากส่วนกลาง ผู้รอบรู้ทุกสิ่ง เหนือกว่าเจตนารมณ์ของแต่ละบุคคลในตลาดเสรี ที่รู้ข้อมูลเพียงน้อยนิด ไม่มีความคิดแบบมีเหตุมีผล

    นักวางแผนนักเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่รับเงินจากรัฐมักนำเสนอสมการคณิตศาสตร์การวิเคราะห์ ที่มีวาระซ่อนเร้นจากรัฐ สร้างสมมติฐานเลียนแบบกฎฟิสิกส์ที่เป็นไปไม่ได้ในโลกแห่งความเป็นจริง เชิดชูการแทรกแซง สนับสนุนอำนาจของรัฐ

    ตลาดโดยทั่วไปไม่ได้เกิดการผูกขาดกันได้ง่ายๆ ยกเว้นการมีการบังคับใช้ความรุนแรงหรือนโยบายบางอย่างของรัฐ คนขายแพงหยุดคนขายตัดราคาไม่ได้ยกเว้นใช้กำลัง หรือกฎระเบียบบางอย่างโดยรัฐ เช่นบางทีผู้ผลิตทำสินค้าได้ดีกว่าในราคาที่ต่ำกว่าขยายส่วนแบ่ง แต่รัฐปกป้องผู้ผลิตที่ไม่มีประสิทธิภาพให้ยังคงทำกำไรโดยไม่ต้องอัพเกรด productivity ตัวเอง

    อีกเหตุผลที่รัฐอ้างเพื่อแทรกแซงตลาดคือ Externalities และ Public goods Externalities คือผลกระทบทางเศรษฐกิจบุคคลหนึ่งที่เกิดจากการบริโภคหรือการผลิตของบุคคลอื่น อาจจะเป็นลบเช่นมีมลพิษจากโรงงานที่อยู่ใกล้ๆ ซึ่งถือเป็นการละเมิดทรัพย์สินของเพื่อนบ้าน หรือเป็นบวกเช่นมีกิจกรรมแข่งกีฬาที่ส่งผลดีกับโรงแรมที่อยู่ใกล้ๆ ซึ่งรัฐจะบอกว่าการบังคับของรัฐนั้นยังไม่พอในภาวะการละเมิดนั้น

    Public goods สินค้าที่ยกเว้นไม่ได้ หมายถึงเลือกที่จะไม่ใช้บริการไม่ได้ และป้องกันไม่ให้คนที่จ่ายเงินได้ประโยชน์เฉพาะคนจ่าย ไม่มีการแข่งขัน ซึ่งจะส่งเสริมให้ทุกคนไม่จ่ายสำหรับสินค้า จะทำให้ผลิตบริการเหล่านี้ไม่พอ รัฐเลยจะบังคับทุกคนจ่าย และตัดสินใจแทนทุกคนเช่น ทหาร ตำรวจ ดับเพลิง สวน ถนน ทุกคนได้รับประโยชน์โดยไม่มีส่วนร่วมในการจัดหา นักเศรษฐศาสตร์สายหลักจึงมองว่า ถ้าไม่มีการบังคับจากรัฐให้คนจ่ายเงินเพื่อสิ่งเหล่านี้มันจะมีไม่พอ

    แต่ในประวัติศาสตร์ไม่ได้เป็นแบบนั้น บริการหลายๆ อย่างมีคนเต็มใจบริจาค สมาคมอาสาสมัครเข้ามามีบทบาท โดยไม่ต้องใช้กำลังบังคับ หรือกลุ่มคนเห็นพ้องทางประโยชน์ร่วมกันจริงลงมือช่วยกันสร้างสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก แล้วอาจจะเก็บค่าบริการ พวกเขาจะไม่เลือกที่จะยอมให้ตัวเองไม่สะดวกแค่เพราะกลัวว่าคนอื่นจะได้ประโยชน์

    ในทางกลับกัน รัฐเกือบทั่วโลกสามารถเวนคืนที่ดินเพื่อทำถนน ซึ่งมักแออัดและเสื่อมสภาพ ต้นทุนเขาจะผิดเพี้ยนไปจากตลาดจริง ทำให้เกิดถนนที่มากเกินความต้องการ ทำให้เกิดการลดพื้นที่ใช้สอยของเมือง บังคับให้คนขับรถมากขึ้นเพราะเมืองต้องขยายตัว ถนนที่สร้างโดยเอกชนอาจมีการเรียกเก็บค่าใช้จ่ายการใช้ แต่ถนนจะประสิทธิภาพดี และไม่แออัดเพราะผู้คนจะใช้เมื่อจำเป็น

    image

    ไม่มีการแข่งขันไม่ได้แปลว่าเราจะลดประโยชน์ให้คนที่ไม่ได้จ่ายเงินเสมอไป เช่นไฟถนน ประภาคาร การวางแผนแบบส่วนกลางบังคับให้คนอื่นจ่ายเงินสำหรับสิ่งที่พวกเขาไม่ได้ใช้ ต้นทุนต่างๆถูกบิดเบือน และผู้วางแผนก็ไม่ได้รับผลโดยตรงจากการตัดสินใจของตน

    การคิดตัวเลขทางเศรษฐกิจแบบมี skin in the game เท่านั้นที่สามารถจัดสรรทรัพยากรได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและมีเหตุมีผล และตลาดเสรีมีขบวนการวิวัฒนาการและคัดเลือกผู้อยู่รอดไม่ต่างกับระบบนิเวศ

    ตัวอย่างที่ดีที่สุดคือเส้นทางการบิน ที่ไม่มีผู้วางแผนส่วนกลาง แต่ละสายการบินจะทดลองเส้นทางต่างๆ สุดท้ายแล้วผู้บริโภคเป็นคนตัดสินว่าเส้นทางไหนจะทำกำไรได้ สายการบินได้ข้อมูลมาปรับปรุงเส้นทาง วนเป็นวงจรปกติของตลาดเสรี ผลลัพธ์ดูเหมือนเกิดจากผู้ออกแบบ แต่จริงๆแล้วมันเกิดจากการกระทำของคนแต่ละคนในตลาด

    ในสังคมที่ประชาชนเคารพทรัพย์สินของกันและกัน ปฏิเสธการเริ่มต้นความรุนแรง สามารถค้าขายกันได้อิสระ มีเงินที่ดีเกิดขึ้น แบ่งงานกันทำ เป็นทุนนิยมตลาดเสรีที่แท้จริง ไม่มีผู้ออกแบบที่ควบคุมสิ่งต่างๆ หรือวางแผนจากบนลงล่าง มันจะนำไปสู่สังคม civilization สมัยใหม่

    อาชีพของนักเศรษฐศาสตร์สมัยใหม่อยู่ได้ด้วยการโจมตีเศรษฐกิจตลาดเสรี ว่าตลาดล้มเหลวและอธิบายเหตุผลสำหรับการแทรกแซงของรัฐ สร้างงานวิจัยที่ไม่มีเหตุผลเพื่อเป็นเหตุผลให้รัฐบังคับใช้ความรุนแรง นักเศรษฐศาสตร์กลายเป็นอาชีพที่ถูกครอบงำโดยรัฐ

    ** ตอนหน้าตอนสุดท้ายแล้วครับ

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Problemas com Russell Kirk

    A idéia central da “política da prudência[^1]” de Russell Kirk me parece muito correta, embora tenha sido melhor formulada pior no seu enorme livro do que em uma pequena frase do joanadarquista Lucas Souza: “o conservadorismo é importante, porque tem muita gente com idéia errada por aí, e nós podemos não saber distingüi-las”.

    Porém, há alguns problemas que precisam ser esclarecidos, ou melhor explicados, e que me impedem de enxergar os seus argumentos como refutação final do meu já tão humilde (embora feroz) anarquismo. São eles:

    I Percebo alguma coisa errada, não sei bem onde, entre a afirmação de que toda ideologia é ruim, ou “todas as ideologias causam confusão[^2]”, e a proposta conservadora de “conservar o mundo da ordem que herdamos, ainda que em estado imperfeito, de nossos ancestrais[^3]”. Ora, sem precisar cair em exemplos como o do partido conservador inglês -- que conservava a política inglesa sempre onde estava, e se alternava no governo com o partido trabalhista, que a levava cada vez mais um pouco à esquerda --, está embutida nessa frase, talvez, a idéia, que ao mesmo tempo é clara e ferrenhamente combatida pelos próprios conservadores, de que a história é da humanidade é uma história de progresso linear rumo a uma situação melhor.

    Querer conservar o mundo da ordem que herdamos significa conservar também os vários erros que podem ter sido cometidos pelos nossos ancestrais mais recentes, e conservá-los mesmo assim, acusando toda e qualquer tentativa de propôr soluções a esses erros de ideologia? Ou será que conservar o mundo da ordem é escolher um período determinado que seja tido como o auge da história humana e tentar restaurá-lo em nosso próprio tempo? Não seria isto ideologia?

    Ou, ainda, será que conservar o mundo da ordem é selecionar, entre vários períodos do passado, alguns pedaços que o conservador considerar ótimos em cada sociedade, fazer dali uma mistura de sociedade ideal baseada no passado e então tentar implementá-la? Quem saberia dizer quais são as partes certas?

    II Sobre a questão do que mantém a sociedade civil coesa, Russell Kirk, opondo-a à posição libertária de que o nexo da sociedade é o autointeresse, declara que a posição conservadora é a de que “a sociedade é uma comunidade de almas, que une os mortos, os vivos e os ainda não nascidos, e que se harmoniza por aquilo que Aristóteles chamou de amizade e os cristãos chamam de caridade ou amor ao próximo”.

    Esta é uma posição muito correta, mas me parece estar em contradição com a defesa do Estado que ele faz na mesma página e na seguinte. O que me parece errado é que a sociedade não pode ser, ao mesmo tempo, uma “comunidade baseada no amor ao próximo” e uma comunidade que “requer não somente que as paixões dos indivíduos sejam subjugadas, mas que, mesmo no povo e no corpo social, bem como nos indivíduos, as inclinações dos homens, amiúde, devam ser frustradas, a vontade controlada e as paixões subjugadas” e, pior, que “isso somente pode ser feito por um poder exterior”.

    Disto aí podemos tirar que, da mesma forma que Kirk define a posição libertária como sendo a de que o autointeresse é que mantém a sociedade civil coesa, a posição conservadora seria então a de que essa coesão vem apenas do Estado, e não de qualquer ligação entre vivos e mortos, ou do amor ao próximo. Já que, sem o Estado, diz, ele, citando Thomas Hobbes, a condição do homem é “solitária, pobre, sórdida, embrutecida e curta”?

    [^1]: este é o nome do livro e também um outro nome que ele dá para o próprio conservadorismo (p.99). [^2]: p. 101 [^3]: p. 102

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ d8a2c33f:76611e0c
    2024-01-29 23:37:10

    First in, first out.

    When ChatGPT was released in November 2022, it was the only chat interface that offered a new way to interact with LLMs. However, in March 2023, they updated it with GPT-4 and introduced the ChatGPT Plus plan. I immediately signed up for the Plus version as it was leaps ahead of the competition and provided real value in responses. Throughout last year, they updated it with additional features such as plugins, code interpreter, custom GPTs, vision, and the GPT store. This also attracted lots of new users, and their backend was not able to keep up with the load. The service started to become slow and unresponsive during peak hours, and the responses became less useful.

    When I look at my usage, it is always in bursts when I want to get something done. So, often I hit rate limits and have to wait 3-5 hours before it gets reset. As a result, I started using it less and less over time. I am always the guy who is first in line to get any new tech gadgets, but I am also the first one to leave when the service hits its limit.

    Don’t leave money on the table

    As you know, the same GPT-4 can be accessed using API. If you compare the cost using API, you will need to generate more than 120,000 words to break even with $20. See the picture below. 120,000 words is equivalent to a full book, which translates to at least using it 300+ times in a month. When I looked at my chat history, I was barely crossing 60k words even using it while creating several articles and doing data analysis. So technically, I could have used the GPT-4 API for the same and saved money. So, a $20 all-you-can-eat buffet sounds good on paper until you can’t eat after the second round.

    Privacy concerns are huge

    LLMs get better and better when you throw good data. So the key differentiator between models is the datasets they use to train. This is why they give away GPT 3.5 for free to collect, review, and train using the data they receive. Only for teams, you can opt out of training based on your data. Elon Musk said it out loud.. “Everyone is training on copyrighted data.” Look what happened to New York Times. While you can be careful, at times you may copy/paste some personal or company private information unknowingly, which can come back. Check this article: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/openai-rolls-out-imperfect-fix-for-chatgpt-data-leak-flaw/

    We are Kept in the dark all the time:

    OpenAI regularly updates ChatGPT to enhance its capabilities, such as improving factuality and mathematical reasoning. These updates are crucial to maintain the model's relevance and accuracy. However, the specifics of these updates are not always immediately clear to the public. While OpenAI provides release notes, some users find that changes in model behavior are more readily discussed in forums and blogs rather than through official channels.

    Also, I simply do not trust OpenAI with my data. We all know about Sam's firing drama that happened in November 2023. Very few details emerged after that event, and no one knows what really happened. Additionally, Ilya Sutskever, who, according to Elon Musk, has a better moral compass, has been missing in action since December 14th.

    Easy alternatives exists:

    Since GPT-4 is available as an API and so is Claude, Google Gemini Pro, and many other open-source LLMs, this means you can simply set up a user interface to access these LLMs using API and only pay per use. There are many open-source chat interfaces that let you do that.

    Here are a couple:

    Big-AGI - https://big-agi.com/: You can simply use their web version but input your API keys and use it. You can also download and run it locally without giving away your privacy. Or deploy it on a cloud instance.

    ChatbotUI - https://www.chatbotui.com/: This is another really good chat interface that you can run locally completely free and open source built by star developer Mckay Wrigley https://github.com/mckaywrigley

    Bing & Bard: Bing copilot has access to the web and GPT-4. Bard has access to Gemini Pro. Both provide lots of functionality for free when searching, browsing, and utilizing AI to get better results or formats.

    More and more SaaS products started to integrate AI features right into it so that you don’t have to go outside to access AI. Co-pilots, sidekick, AI knowledge are some of the features that are being rolled out. Wait till Apple WWDC. They are going to have a ton of features integrated into iOS and Mac Apps.

    Also, depending on your use case, there are several use case-focused AI solutions such as Perplexity for search, POE for AI agents, GoCharlie.ai for blogs, social media posts, and if you want to dig deeper, you can go to https://theresanaiforthat.com/most-saved/ to see other 10,000+ AI solutions.

    Run your own AI.

    I am a big proponent of open-source LLMs and there are plenty. If you have an Apple silicon MacBook Pro, then you can run small LLMs directly on it. Simply experiment with what you can do or if you want something bigger, you can always build a GPU machine that can host larger models. You can check out this article I wrote before:

    https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/get-your-own-ai-2024-arun-nedunchezian-ymrye%3FtrackingId=WP0hTSn%252FRwymJLIc0fl4Sg%253D%253D/?trackingId=WP0hTSn%2FRwymJLIc0fl4Sg%3D%3D

    What am I missing?

    Nothing but FOMO. Influencers, AI experts, and other tech reviewers create big FOMO with ChatGPT features and how you can create from websites to earning 6 figures and automate lots of tasks. While these demos are cool to look at, they are often not feasible to use on a daily basis. Also, the whole point of AI is to free you from repetitive tasks rather than being chained to a chat interface all day long.

    What are your thoughts on ChatGPT and its alternatives? Have you tried any other open-source LLMs or integrated AI features into your own projects?

    I'd love to hear your experiences and recommendations!

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
    2024-01-29 20:45:19

    “God does not play dice. “

    Albert Einstein

    Imagine you’re at the blackjack table, you’re dealt a 10 and a 7 (hard 17), and the dealer shows a 10. This is a bad situation, but the odds say you stand and hope the dealer busts. You are about to do just that, but the drunk guy on your right says, “Hit, bro, I’m feeling a four.”

    What are the odds this is good advice?

    I’m too lazy to look up the exact odds, but let’s just invent some very rough approximations to illustrate the point.

    Assume there’s a 50 percent chance you will lose no matter what you do, i.e., it makes no difference whether you hit or stand. That means there’s a 50 percent chance you win (or push) assuming you make the right choice. Let’s further assume if you stand, there’s a 30 percent chance you win (or push), and if you hit there’s a 20 percent chance you win or push. Again, please don’t quibble about the true odds in this situation, as it’s unimportant for the example.

    With these odds, what are the chances hitting on hard 17 against a 10 is good advice?

    Let’s make it multiple choice:

    A) 20% (That’s your chance to win)

    B) 0% (It’s always wrong to hit when your odds of winning are better if you stand)

    C) 40% (To the extent your decision matters, it’s 2 out of 5 (20% out of 50%) that hitting will win you the hand.)

    In my view, A) is the simple response, and it’s not terrible. It recognizes there’s some chance hitting in that situation gives you the desired outcome even if it’s not the optimal choice. It’s probabilistic thinking, which is the correct approach in games of chance, but just slightly misapplied.

    B) is the worst response in my opinion. It’s refusing to apply probabilistic thinking in service of a dogma about probabilistic thinking! “It’s always wrong to hit in that situation” is an absolutist position when of course hitting sometimes yields the desired result. The “but my process was good” adherents love B. It signals their devotion to the rule behind the decision (the process) and avoids addressing the likelihood of whether the decision itself pans out in reality.

    C) This is in my view the correct answer. To the extent your decision matters, there’s a 40 percent chance hitting will improve your outcome and a 60 percent chance it will not. I’m not looking for self-help or a remedial grade-school probability class. I don’t need to remind myself of what the best process is — I simply want to know my odds of winning money on this particular hand.

    Let’s say it’s a low-stakes hand, you’re drunk, you take the advice for laughs, the next card is in fact a four, you have 21, the dealer flips over a 10 and has 20. You win, and you would have lost had you stayed. You high-five the drunk. What are the odds now you got good advice?

    A) 0% — bad process!

    B) 40% — same odds, don’t be result-oriented!

    C) 100% — you already won!

    The answer is obviously C. The point of the game is to win money, and taking his advice* on that particular hand did just that for you. You are not obligated to use that heuristic ever again. This isn’t a self-improvement seminar about creating better, more sustainable habits. You won the money, and now that you know what the next card actually was, it would be pathological to go back in time and not take his advice.

    *You might think this is just a semantic argument — what we mean by “good advice” depends on whether it’s applied generally or specifically, and that is the distinction, but as we will see below the conflation of the general with the specific is itself the heart of the problem.

    I use blackjack as the example because, assuming an infinite shoe (no card counting), the values of each card in each situation are well known. Coins, dice and cards are where simple probabilistic thinking functions best, where the assumptions we make are reliable and fixed. But even deep in this territory, it’s simple to illustrate how a focus on process is not a magic cloak by which one can hide from real-life results. If you lose the money, you lose the money. The casino does not allow you to plead “but my process was good!” to get a refund.

    Of course, this one-off example aside, in the territory of cards and coins, the process of choosing the highest winning probability action, applied over time, will yield better results than listening to the drunk. But when we move out of this territory into complex systems, then the “but my process was good” plea is no longer simply falling on the deaf ears of the pit boss when reality goes against you, but those of the warden at the insane asylum.

    . . .

    I’ve encountered a similar strain of thinking on NFL analytics Twitter too. Sports analytics involve probabilistic thinking, but as leagues and teams are complex systems, it’s hardly as simple as coins and cards.

    When Giants GM Dave Gettleman passed on Sam Darnold — the highest rated quarterback remaining on many boards — at pick 2 in the 2018 draft, and took generational running back prospect Saquon Barkley instead, the process people were aghast. How could you take a low-value position like running back over the highest value one when your team needs a quarterback? You always take the quarterback!

    As a Giants fan, I was happy with the pick. My view was the same as Gettleman’s in this instance when he said something to the effect of, “If you have to talk yourself into a particular quarterback at that pick, pass.” His point was that he’d have taken a quarterback he liked there obviously, but he didn’t like the remaining ones, so he went elsewhere.

    Now people were especially aghast he took a running back rather than say Bradley Chubb, an edge rusher, or Denzel Ward a cornerback, two typically higher value positions than running back, and those would have been good picks too, as both players have been productive in the NFL**. But Barkley has been as advertised when healthy, despite playing with a substandard supporting cast his entire career. He’s a good player, though a star running back obviously won’t singlehandedly transform a franchise the way a star quarterback might.

    ** The optimal pick would have been quarterback Josh Allen who went at No. 7, but was considered a reach by many in the analytics community because he was a raw prospect with physical skills, but lacked sufficient college production.

    But how did the process choice, Sam Darnold, do? He was a disaster for the Jets for three seasons, destroying any hope they might have had at competing, though they salvaged some value by dealing him to the Panthers for picks. He’s also been bad on the Panthers, to date. So did Gettleman make a good choice, drafting one of the consensus top running back prospects of all time over the not-especially-impressive top-two quarterback prospect in that particular class? By any sane account, he did. He landed the better player, and while Chubb and Ward would have been fine, so was Barkley.

    But despite Darnold’s failure as a prospect, the process people won’t take the L! They insist even though Barkley is a good running back, and Darnold a terrible quarterback, their process in preferring Darnold was good! But I don’t care about your process! The quality of your process will be adjudicated by your long-term results, the way a religious person’s moral character will be judged by his God. I have no interest in your attestations and signaling, no inclination to evaluate your lifelong body of work. We were simply debating this one particular pick, the results of which are already obvious to anyone not steeped in this bizarre worldview wherein you can claim vindication over reality a priori via believing you’ve found the right heuristic!

    There are two claims they are making implicitly here: (1) That if quarterbacks are more valuable generally, you should always take the best available quarterback over the best available running back, irrespective of the particular human beings at issue; and (2) That no matter what the results were, you would be correct to have taken the quarterback.

    Claim (1) is the notion that if something is generally — or on average — the case, the specifics need not be taken into account, i.e., they see players as having static values, based on their positions, like cards in blackjack. Claim (2) is the idea that only the heuristic should be evaluated, never the outcome. Taken together they are saying, always do what is generically most probable, ignore details and specifics and have zero regard for how any particular decision pans out in reality. In my view, this is pathological, but that’s okay, it’s only an argument about football draft analytics!

    . . .

    Our public health response to the covid pandemic increasingly appears to be a disaster. From lockdowns, to school closures, to vaccine mandates to discouraging people from getting early treatment, it has cost many lives, harmed children, wreaked havoc on the economy and done serious damage to our trust in institutions. Many of those who were skeptical of the narrative — for which they were slandered, fired from jobs and deplatformed — have proven prescient and wise.

    While some holdouts pretend the covid measures were largely successful, most people — even those once in favor of the measures — now acknowledge the reality: the authors of The Great Barrington Declaration, which advocated for protecting only the vulnerable and not disrupting all of society, were correct. But I am starting to see the same demented logic that declared Darnold a better pick than Barkley emerge even in regard to our covid response.

    Here’s a clip of Sam Harris insisting that even though Covid wasn’t as deadly as he had thought, he would have been right if it had been more deadly. (Jimmy Dore does a great job of highlighting the pathology):

    Harris is arguing that even if the outcome of our response has been catastrophic, that’s just results-oriented thinking! He still believes he was staying on 17, so to speak, that he made the right call probabilistically and that he was simply unlucky. (Never mind that locking down healthy people was never part of our traditional pandemic response playbook, and coerced medicine is in plain violation of the Nuremberg Code, i.e., he wasn’t advocating for blackjack by the book, and never mind that in highly complex systems no one can calculate the true odds the way you can for a casino game or even an NFL draft pick.)

    But Sam Harris was far from the only one. Here’s Dilbert creator Scott Adams explaining why even though he made a mistake in taking the mRNA shot, his process was not to blame:

    image

    He’s not defending his process as strongly as Harris, and he appeared to walk this back in this video, but the sentiment is largely the same: There was nothing wrong with my process, I just got unlucky, and others got lucky.

    This is not an NFL analytics argument anymore — it’s a worldview shared by policymakers and powerful actors whose decisions have major consequences for human beings around the world. They seem to believe that as long as they come up with the correct heuristic (according to their own estimations and modeled after simplistic games of chance where it can be known in advance what heuristic was indeed better), whatever they do is justified. If reality doesn’t go the way they had expected, they still believe they acted correctly because when they simulated 100 pandemics their approach was optimal in 57 of them!

    But the notion that someone with the correct heuristics, i.e., the proper model or framework for viewing the world as a game of dice, is a priori infallible is not only absurd, it’s perilous. Misplaced confidence, unwarranted certainty and being surrounded by peers who believe as you do that no matter what happens in reality, you can do no wrong incentivizes catastrophic risks no sane person would take if he had to bear the consequences of his misjudgment.

    What started as a life hack to achieve better long term results — “focus on process, not outcomes” — has now become a religion of sorts, but not the kind that leads to tolerance, peace and reverence for creation, but the opposite. It’s a hubristic cult that takes as its God naive linear thinking, over-simplified probabilistic modeling and square-peg-round-holes it into complex domains without conscience.

    If only this style of thinking were confined to a few aberrant psychopaths, we might laugh and hope none of them become the next David Koresh. Unfortunately this mode of understanding and acting on the world is the predominant one, and we see its pathology play out at scale virtually everywhere we look.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    A command line utility to create and manage personal graphs, then write them to dot and make images with graphviz.

    It manages a bunch of YAML files, one for each entity in the graph. Each file lists the incoming and outgoing links it has (could have listen only the outgoing, now that I'm tihnking about it).

    Each run of the tool lets you select from existing nodes or add new ones to generate a single link type from one to one, one to many, many to one or many to many -- then updates the YAML files accordingly.

    It also includes a command that generates graphs with graphviz, and it can accept a template file that lets you customize the dot that is generated and thus the graphviz graph.

    rel

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ cce0989b:b497e608
    2024-02-05 15:32:36

    That thing you're avoiding? (You know the one I'm talking about.)

    Today, I want to challenge you to face it. To take a step towards it. To act courageously.

    Here's why: the more that you avoid something, the more your anxiety about it will build. And since you have been avoiding this thing for so long, it's understandable that your fear is now through-the-roof.

    Remember that this fear you are feeling is not proportionate to the thing you are facing; it has been built through avoidance and it can be overcome through courage.

    I promise that it is not going to be as scary as you think it is. I promise you are going to feel so much better after facing it. And I promise that you are brave enough to do it.

    Hit reply and let me know what courageous step you're going to take today. I want to cheer you on.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 8fb140b4:f948000c
    2023-12-30 10:58:49

    Disclaimer, this tutorial may have a real financial impact on you, follow at you own risk.

    Step 1: execute lncli closeallchannels

    That’s it, that was easy as it could be. Now all your node’s channels are in the process of being closed and all your liquidity is being moved to your onchain wallet. The best part, you don’t even need to confirm anything, it just does it in one go with no questions asked! You can check the status by using a very similar looking command, lncli closedchannels!

    Good job! Now you are ready to start from scratch and use any other reasonable solution!

    🐶🐾🫡🤣🤣🤣

    Disclaimer: this is a satirical tutorial that will 💯 cost you a lot of funds and headaches.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 72f97555:e0870ff3
    2023-12-28 18:24:42

    We are freedom loving people. Nostr was created for the purpose of providing and protecting freedom. The people who are here, are here because they became aware of the freedom they had lost, and wanted it back. Nostr is free because it is small, but small things that provide something that the world needs have this pesky tendency to grow and become bigger. This is a good thing, but it also means that we need to be careful to not lose the freedom that we have.

    How did we lose our freedom the first time?

    It was tempting to blame this all on ads and move on. But that would be a lie. The truth is that we lost our freedom because we gave it away. We gave it away because we were tricked into thinking that we were getting something in return. We believed that the services that we were using were free, but they weren't. We paid for them with our freedom. We paid for them with our privacy. We paid for them with our data. We paid for them with our attention. We paid for them with our time. We paid for them with our lives.

    I believe that the average user has very little understanding of the true cost of the services that they use. This was not always the case. There was a time when people understood that if you wanted to use a service, you had to pay for it. You had to pay for it with money. As the Internet grew at a rapid clip, more and more capital was invested into new businesses that competed with the existing ones. Since they had huge amounts of capital, they could afford to offer their services for almost nothing. Eventually, the industry competed the prices to zero. This was the beginning of the end.

    After a while, investors generally expect to see a return on their investment. This is a reasonable expectation. The problem is that the only way to get a return on investment when you are not charging for your service is to sell something else. The only thing that these companies had to sell was the data that they had collected from their users. This is when the data economy was born. This is when we lost our freedom.

    We did not chose to compete these prices down to zero, but once the prices were there, we did expect them to not go back up. There are very few things as difficult as getting someone to pay for something they have been getting for free. It took a while before anyone noticed that their leverage was gone. Most people still don't know.

    The companies building the products knew though. Generally, people are pretty decent at keeping track of where their paycheck comes from. The products changed accordingly, to gather and process more data, to have a better product to sell to the people who were paying the bills.

    How do we keep our freedom this time?

    We need to obey the golden rule: "He who has the gold makes the rules". This is the only way to keep our freedom. We need to make sure that the people who are paying the bills are the same people who are using the product. This is the only way to make sure that the incentives are aligned. This is the only way to make sure that the product is built for the users. When we pay for a product with our funds, we become the boss. The people who are building the product have a real incentive to make sure that we are satisfied, because every time we are not, we can take our money elsewhere, which is money out of their pocket.

    Saying that users should directly pay for a product is easy. Making it happen is hard. The reason that it is hard is because it is not a simple matter of just charging for the product. The product needs to be built in a way that makes it possible to charge for it. It also requires a mental shift from the users. I do not intend to understate the difficulty of the challenge. I do intend to state that it is a challenge that we must overcome.

    Freedom is preserved when those who enjoy it have skin in the game. "Easy come, easy go," as the saying goes. Freedom is not free. It never has been. It never will be. It is a constant struggle. It is a constant battle. It is a constant fight. It is a constant war. Wars are messy and expensive. You do not win a meaningful victory by failing to fight, or by becoming the enemy. You win a meaningful victory by fighting the right fight, and by fighting it the right way.

    The Nostr polis needs to have skin in the game. The people shitposting, creating inkblot art, creating lewds (hi Onyx), posting cat pictures, and engaging in heated political discourse over the socialistic direction of certain countries... they need to be the ones guiding the hand of development on Nostr. They are the ones that will bring users to the platform, keep it alive with conversation, and keep it interesting. They are the real value adds to the network. The most technologically perfect communications protocol has absolutely zero value if there is no one to use it.

    Freedom is not free

    It's a meme at this point, but it's true. Freedom is not free. It is for the do'ers, payers, movers and shakers. It is for the people who are willing to put their money, time, and safety on the line. We do not have to be rich to take that power back. Those days are over. The Internet has democratized the ability to fund and direct things. We can do it a couple of dollars at a time, across thousands of people. The trick is that people have to actually do it. Collectively, as a group.

    There is no wrong way to do this, except by not doing it. You can give any amount to anyone creating services and software for Nostr. Yes, it's a great thing to check into whoever you are donating to, make sure they have a good reputation, and see how well funded they already are, and make a choice based on that. It's also OK to just hand the money to a dev because you are a fan. But the most important thing is that you do it. If you don't do it, no one else will. If no one else does it, we will lose our freedom again. If we lose our freedom again, we will have no one to blame but ourselves.

    The future is bright

    This is not a criticism of anyone or anything. It is a call for thought, and a reminder of some of the factors that played into how things went down the first time. We are in a unique position to do something about it. We have the technology. We are gaining the people. We have the talent and people high in openness willing to consider new ways. We must find that new way, and rally around it. We must make sure that we do not lose our freedom again. We must make sure that we do not lose our leverage again. We must make sure that we do not lose our power again.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-29 19:34:47

    início

    "Vocês vêem? Vêem a história? Vêem alguma coisa? Me parece que estou tentando lhes contar um sonho -- fazendo uma tentativa inútil, porque nenhum relato de sonho pode transmitir a sensação de sonho, aquela mistura de absurdo, surpresa e espanto numa excitação de revolta tentando se impôr, aquela noção de ser tomado pelo incompreensível que é da própria essência dos sonhos..."

    Ele ficou em silêncio por alguns instantes.

    "... Não, é impossível; é impossível transmitir a sensação viva de qualquer época determinada de nossa existência -- aquela que constitui a sua verdade, o seu significado, a sua essência sutil e contundente. É impossível. Vivemos, como sonhamos -- sozinhos..."

    Nostr GitHub Telegram Donate

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ a5d8475e:df9ff32c
    2024-02-05 10:37:03

    Look no further! With an array of house for sale in Wolverhampton and Tettenhall, finding your dream property is within reach. Whether you're a first-time buyer, upgrading, or seeking an investment opportunity, the diverse housing market in this vibrant city offers something for everyone.

    Wolverhampton boasts a rich tapestry of properties, from quaint cottages to modern townhouses and spacious family homes. As you embark on your house-hunting journey, it's essential to identify your priorities and preferences. Are you drawn to the historical charm of Tettenhall or the contemporary allure of central Wolverhampton? Knowing what you're looking for will streamline your search and ensure you find the best fit.

    For those enamored with the character and heritage of Tettenhall, exploring houses for sale in tettenhall in this picturesque suburb promises a delightful experience. With its tree-lined streets, period properties, and thriving community atmosphere, Tettenhall offers a tranquil retreat just a stone's throw away from the city center. From charming cottages steeped in history to elegant family residences, Tettenhall's property market exudes timeless appeal.

    Meanwhile, Wolverhampton presents a diverse range of housing options catering to varying lifestyles and preferences. Whether you're seeking a bustling urban lifestyle or a peaceful suburban haven, Wolverhampton's neighborhoods offer an abundance of choices. From stylish apartments in the city center to spacious homes in leafy residential areas, there's no shortage of opportunities to find your ideal property.

    As you navigate the real estate landscape, enlisting the expertise of a reputable estate agent can make the process smoother and more efficient. A knowledgeable agent can offer valuable insights into the local market, provide access to exclusive listings, and guide you through every step of the buying process. With their assistance, you can narrow down your options and focus on properties that align with your criteria and budget.

    When searching for a house for sale in Wolverhampton or Tettenhall, it's crucial to consider factors beyond aesthetics. Evaluate the neighborhood's amenities, such as schools, parks, shopping centers, and transport links, to ensure it meets your lifestyle needs. Additionally, assess the property's condition, potential for renovation or customization, and resale value to make an informed decision.

    In today's competitive market, staying proactive and flexible is key to securing your dream home. Keep a close eye on new listings, attend open houses, and be prepared to act swiftly when you find a property for sale that resonates with you. While patience is essential, being ready to make an offer when the right opportunity arises can give you a competitive edge in negotiations.

    Furthermore, exploring different financing options and obtaining a mortgage pre-approval can strengthen your position as a buyer and streamline the purchasing process. By having your finances in order, you'll demonstrate your seriousness and readiness to proceed, increasing your chances of securing your desired property.

    VISIT

    CONTACT:

    2-3 Walsall Rd, Willenhall, WV13 2EH info@halleuk.com +44 (0) 1902 504455

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 2edbcea6:40558884
    2024-01-29 15:08:50

    Jan 26th 2024, San Jose Costa Rica - Last week The Bitcoin Freedom Fest took place in Uvita, Costa Rica. At awake famously known by several bitcoiners as the house of the first nostr conference #Nostrica . The Freedom Fest combined the same barefoot peace that characterised the first nostr unconference with a window to look into the actual state of bitcoin adoption in the area.

    https://image.nostr.build/e266e8367793b60c2d0e71e23367639d254c10861a7df9f50989138f3f8fe439.jpg https://image.nostr.build/9e779979b5f8a8bb589a51d4939f58bc9560dc1a0d9ab001e29fda368901c45e.jpg

    Nostrich in the wild that was left behind from #Nostrica

    The Bitcoin Freedom Fest held talks from seasoned bitcoiners and from people, that until now, have had little access to any type of technology. Among the attendees were the indigenous Bribri and Boruca tribes, who shared their rich culture, spiritual awakenings, and crafts with us. In turn, they discovered more about the technology that could provide them banking opportunities for the first time.

    This type of Bitcoin conference serves a meaningful purpose. It brings together brilliant minds to foster innovation, creating pathways for everyone around the world to access sound money and achieve financial freedom. The Freedom Fest in Costa Rica was a prime example of this, merging technology with cultural exchange in a truly impactful way.

    https://image.nostr.build/2fa2002246ddc592817f34afab75109ca67bb3ee3a834537496d49ffe89cee7e.jpg

    Around 250 Bitcoiners from all over the world and Costa Rica gathered to celebrate freedom in a venue that embraced all those vibes. But most importantly, it was a venue that reminded me of how all Bitcoiners are different, yet we are all united under one big belief: the option to choose.

    There is a lot of Bitcoin development happening in Central America, but honestly, I don’t think any other grassroots approach has had the success of Bitcoin Jungle. Its founders pour their heart and soul into ensuring Costa Ricans and tourists can experience a Bitcoin Standard.

    https://image.nostr.build/7b439eaf4b6c4201dd1e42cc184e462a3f91622f3a2a797f4ff3e9d0dd446b27.jpg

    nostr:npub1az9xj85cmxv8e9j9y80lvqp97crsqdu2fpu3srwthd99qfu9qsgstam8y8 and nostr:npub154qfas8ztgkaudl6ck6x8zz5x8c9g88xtl38hmutn457vjexammqr2vqm2 giving some intro security advices for new bitcoiners.

    I also want to give a shoutout to the head conference organizer, Nikki. It was her first time organizing a Bitcoin conference, and she did a magnificent job. Nikki juggled a lot during the past few months and still managed to deliver a quality event with enough side activities for everyone to experience Uvita.

    In conclusion, I am so ready for another Bitcoin Freedom Fest. The teachings from this one will have me working on myself for the next 12 months, and I hope to return and reflect on them at the same spot where it all started.

    https://image.nostr.build/ed8d1d2bc651a275a44a1c38ec1e21309593fd0ee9425ccbb572e9e4ad8d5104.jpg

    I am also super proud and humbled that so many people chose my country to establish what I can only call a holistic revolution. I hope more Costa Ricans get to experience it, and I pledge my support to Bitcoin Jungle in order to achieve this.

    I hope everyone who attended will leave a comment with their own POV. I can’t wait to hear back from Nikki about when the next Bitcoin Freedom Fest will be held.

    And with that I say goodbye!

    Stay classy, and pura vida! 🤙

    Marce 💜

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3647c6df:10d67610
    2024-01-28 08:22:29

    Velocity of money refers to how much monetary energy can be harnessed as money flows. It is often wrongly interpreted as simply how fast or how often money moves from one place to another, but the actual benefit of velocity of money is in the work it does on the way from one place to another. How many jobs can it perform and how many productive activities can it sustain along the way?

    It is analogous to a mountain lake where a vast amount of water is contained but unproductive. By building a trench to move some of that water to a small garden "productivity" is increased, and the velocity of the water is increased. A water wheel or turbine could be placed in the stream to spin a mill or generate electricity, increasing the velocity of the water and maximizing its productive use. Other energy sources can be combined with the water to create additional forms of energy that can drive increasing innovation. Such as heat for steam power or the cool water can be run through a house for cooling and washing prior to is use as irrigation. Without these systems, the energy and usefulness of the waters "velocity" is simply wasted and never recovered. The possibilities are only limited by the tools used to harvest the potential energy, The distance over which the water travels and imagination. It is not the movement alone of the water that is desired but the effects of the movement that offer endless possibilities, the flow is a means.

    Similar to how water nourishes the physical landscape and stores energy to generate work, money nourishes the economic landscape and stores energy to generate work. Money is a natural part of economic landscapes which arise anytime trade needs to be facilitated. The brilliant cult classic film "Idiocracy" serves as an interesting counter-analogy for this concept. In the film, a society has become convinced that using a colored high-sugar sports drink (Brawndo) on crops is "What plants crave". However, the protagonist suggests trying water instead, and the society is saved.

    The point of the Brawndo storyline seems to be a commentary on special interests, the sports drink manufacturers. Being able to seize control of the narrative and create artificial demand for their product in a context where it was actually harmful to the ecosystem. Isn't the same true with fiat currency? It has no historical use, attributes of good money, or spontaneous emergence. It is simply decreed by those in power. "Fiat, it’s what economies crave."

    Many have become convinced that a proprietary patented, yellow #5, high fructose corn syrup money equivalent is what we need to grow our economies. The problem is that our ability to create monetary velocity is stifled by using a proprietary system because our use of it is limited by the owners of it. ("Sorry, Brawndo is not permitted to pass through a turbine. You need a license for that.")

    When the forms of money needed to expand our economies physical and digital have emerged spontaneously and without decree, we just need to figure out how to use them. We can do this by not simply building a stack but stacking functions. Creating the tools and systems that can allow us to capture the energy as the money moves. In the digital realm bitcoin has emerged as the base layer of money, the stored energy, the actual water. Channels (lightning) have now been constructed to efficiently move bitcoin in large volumes for lower cost between pools. We seem to be at the water wheel invention phase where ecash mints of various types will be able to tap into channels and generate new forms of economic energy.

    A quite interesting case study of stacking monetary functions and attaining high monetary velocity is in various forms of traditional life insurance contracts. Each monetary unit that is placed in the contract performs the following functions simultaneously: preservation of life value/life insurance, savings/retirement funds and collateral assets. The funds locked into the contract grow but can also be borrowed against. Instead of canceling the contract and taking the cash and missing out on future growth (interrupting the compounding growth), the owner can borrow against the cash value for personal investment, business ventures, paying off high-interest debt, etc., for any reason really and all contractually guaranteed. These contracts predate the fiat monetary system and worked on gold and silver standards in the past.

    The insurance companies that are the longest lived and most financially sound operate as Mutual companies meaning the policy/contract holders are the shareholders; there are no third parties that have ownership in the assets of the mutual insurance company. Some are nearly 200 years old, which rivals the oldest banks in the world. Even today these contracts are quite attractive in terms of control over funds and the yields aren't bad in fiat terms.

    The problem is that in order to keep up with inflation people have to take more risk and give up more financial sovereignty to chase yields. We can see that using this pre-fiat financial instrument, each monetary unit can accomplish 3 “jobs” at the same time: generate insurance, save for retirement, obtain a collateralized loan. This is only one example of using and harnessing monetary velocity. What we really need to do is break free from the fiat mindset that tells us there's only one way to go about solving financial problems and start thinking creatively about how to move money to places where it is most needed and likely to generate a return.

    In relation to Bitcoin, when I first heard about Fedimints, my mind went straight to the mutual insurance company structure. A group of known and vested guardians is entrusted to provide specific contractually guaranteed benefits. Who wouldn't want a bitcoin service that would allow anyone to generate an uninterrupted compounding yield on bitcoin, allow borrowing against it at a competitive market rate, and pay out a large settlement to heirs in the event of death – all denominated in bitcoin. Without ever giving up full custody of the asset.

    Underlying funds would all be on-chain, investments would be in lightning liquidity and infrastructure. Loans would be given to policy owners via ecash or lightning depending on the use case. Or something completely different. It's almost impossible to see how something like this would actually work until it is tried and iterated. Innovation always comes with unforeseen problems and eucatastrophes. The possibilities that will be made available in the years to come are exciting but will require an immense investment of time and energy, the pay off is escaping from the Idiocracy.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 2863f394:275ed58d
    2024-01-27 11:15:32

    I setup a node or two...spent $400 each for incoming and outgoing and now I can't receive payments anymore. I basically lost $800 on this garbage.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    GraphQL vs REST

    Today I saw this: https://github.com/stickfigure/blog/wiki/How-to-(and-how-not-to)-design-REST-APIs

    And it reminded me why GraphQL is so much better.

    It has also reminded me why HTTP is so confusing and awful as a protocol, especially as a protocol for structured data APIs, with all its status codes and headers and bodies and querystrings and content-types -- but let's not talk about that for now.

    People complain about GraphQL being great for frontend developers and bad for backend developers, but I don't know who are these people that apparently love reading guides like the one above of how to properly construct ad-hoc path routers, decide how to properly build the JSON, what to include and in which circumstance, what status codes and headers to use, all without having any idea of what the frontend or the API consumer will want to do with their data.

    It is a much less stressful environment that one in which we can just actually perform the task and fit the data in a preexistent schema with types and a structure that we don't have to decide again and again while anticipating with very incomplete knowledge the usage of an extraneous person -- i.e., an environment with GraphQL, or something like GraphQL.

    By the way, I know there are some people that say that these HTTP JSON APIs are not the real REST, but that is irrelevant for now.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    nostr - Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays

    The simplest open protocol that is able to create a censorship-resistant global "social" network once and for all.

    It doesn't rely on any trusted central server, hence it is resilient; it is based on cryptographic keys and signatures, so it is tamperproof; it does not rely on P2P techniques, therefore it works.

    Very short summary of how it works, if you don't plan to read anything else:

    Everybody runs a client. It can be a native client, a web client, etc. To publish something, you write a post, sign it with your key and send it to multiple relays (servers hosted by someone else, or yourself). To get updates from other people, you ask multiple relays if they know anything about these other people. Anyone can run a relay. A relay is very simple and dumb. It does nothing besides accepting posts from some people and forwarding to others. Relays don't have to be trusted. Signatures are verified on the client side.

    This is needed because other solutions are broken:

    The problem with Twitter

    • Twitter has ads;
    • Twitter uses bizarre techniques to keep you addicted;
    • Twitter doesn't show an actual historical feed from people you follow;
    • Twitter bans people;
    • Twitter shadowbans people.
    • Twitter has a lot of spam.

    The problem with Mastodon and similar programs

    • User identities are attached to domain names controlled by third-parties;
    • Server owners can ban you, just like Twitter; Server owners can also block other servers;
    • Migration between servers is an afterthought and can only be accomplished if servers cooperate. It doesn't work in an adversarial environment (all followers are lost);
    • There are no clear incentives to run servers, therefore they tend to be run by enthusiasts and people who want to have their name attached to a cool domain. Then, users are subject to the despotism of a single person, which is often worse than that of a big company like Twitter, and they can't migrate out;
    • Since servers tend to be run amateurishly, they are often abandoned after a while — which is effectively the same as banning everybody;
    • It doesn't make sense to have a ton of servers if updates from every server will have to be painfully pushed (and saved!) to a ton of other servers. This point is exacerbated by the fact that servers tend to exist in huge numbers, therefore more data has to be passed to more places more often;
    • For the specific example of video sharing, ActivityPub enthusiasts realized it would be completely impossible to transmit video from server to server the way text notes are, so they decided to keep the video hosted only from the single instance where it was posted to, which is similar to the Nostr approach.

    The problem with SSB (Secure Scuttlebutt)

    • It doesn't have many problems. I think it's great. In fact, I was going to use it as a basis for this, but
    • its protocol is too complicated because it wasn't thought about being an open protocol at all. It was just written in JavaScript in probably a quick way to solve a specific problem and grew from that, therefore it has weird and unnecessary quirks like signing a JSON string which must strictly follow the rules of ECMA-262 6th Edition;
    • It insists on having a chain of updates from a single user, which feels unnecessary to me and something that adds bloat and rigidity to the thing — each server/user needs to store all the chain of posts to be sure the new one is valid. Why? (Maybe they have a good reason);
    • It is not as simple as Nostr, as it was primarily made for P2P syncing, with "pubs" being an afterthought;
    • Still, it may be worth considering using SSB instead of this custom protocol and just adapting it to the client-relay server model, because reusing a standard is always better than trying to get people in a new one.

    The problem with other solutions that require everybody to run their own server

    • They require everybody to run their own server;
    • Sometimes people can still be censored in these because domain names can be censored.

    How does Nostr work?

    • There are two components: clients and relays. Each user runs a client. Anyone can run a relay.
    • Every user is identified by a public key. Every post is signed. Every client validates these signatures.
    • Clients fetch data from relays of their choice and publish data to other relays of their choice. A relay doesn't talk to another relay, only directly to users.
    • For example, to "follow" someone a user just instructs their client to query the relays it knows for posts from that public key.
    • On startup, a client queries data from all relays it knows for all users it follows (for example, all updates from the last day), then displays that data to the user chronologically.
    • A "post" can contain any kind of structured data, but the most used ones are going to find their way into the standard so all clients and relays can handle them seamlessly.

    How does it solve the problems the networks above can't?

    • Users getting banned and servers being closed
    • A relay can block a user from publishing anything there, but that has no effect on them as they can still publish to other relays. Since users are identified by a public key, they don't lose their identities and their follower base when they get banned.
    • Instead of requiring users to manually type new relay addresses (although this should also be supported), whenever someone you're following posts a server recommendation, the client should automatically add that to the list of relays it will query.
    • If someone is using a relay to publish their data but wants to migrate to another one, they can publish a server recommendation to that previous relay and go;
    • If someone gets banned from many relays such that they can't get their server recommendations broadcasted, they may still let some close friends know through other means with which relay they are publishing now. Then, these close friends can publish server recommendations to that new server, and slowly, the old follower base of the banned user will begin finding their posts again from the new relay.

    • All of the above is valid too for when a relay ceases its operations.

    • Censorship-resistance

    • Each user can publish their updates to any number of relays.

    • A relay can charge a fee (the negotiation of that fee is outside of the protocol for now) from users to publish there, which ensures censorship-resistance (there will always be some Russian server willing to take your money in exchange for serving your posts).

    • Spam

    • If spam is a concern for a relay, it can require payment for publication or some other form of authentication, such as an email address or phone, and associate these internally with a pubkey that then gets to publish to that relay — or other anti-spam techniques, like hashcash or captchas. If a relay is being used as a spam vector, it can easily be unlisted by clients, which can continue to fetch updates from other relays.

    • Data storage

    • For the network to stay healthy, there is no need for hundreds of active relays. In fact, it can work just fine with just a handful, given the fact that new relays can be created and spread through the network easily in case the existing relays start misbehaving. Therefore, the amount of data storage required, in general, is relatively less than Mastodon or similar software.

    • Or considering a different outcome: one in which there exist hundreds of niche relays run by amateurs, each relaying updates from a small group of users. The architecture scales just as well: data is sent from users to a single server, and from that server directly to the users who will consume that. It doesn't have to be stored by anyone else. In this situation, it is not a big burden for any single server to process updates from others, and having amateur servers is not a problem.

    • Video and other heavy content

    • It's easy for a relay to reject large content, or to charge for accepting and hosting large content. When information and incentives are clear, it's easy for the market forces to solve the problem.

    • Techniques to trick the user

    • Each client can decide how to best show posts to users, so there is always the option of just consuming what you want in the manner you want — from using an AI to decide the order of the updates you'll see to just reading them in chronological order.

    FAQ

    • This is very simple. Why hasn't anyone done it before?

    I don't know, but I imagine it has to do with the fact that people making social networks are either companies wanting to make money or P2P activists who want to make a thing completely without servers. They both fail to see the specific mix of both worlds that Nostr uses.

    • How do I find people to follow?

    First, you must know them and get their public key somehow, either by asking or by seeing it referenced somewhere. Once you're inside a Nostr social network you'll be able to see them interacting with other people and then you can also start following and interacting with these others.

    • How do I find relays? What happens if I'm not connected to the same relays someone else is?

    You won't be able to communicate with that person. But there are hints on events that can be used so that your client software (or you, manually) knows how to connect to the other person's relay and interact with them. There are other ideas on how to solve this too in the future but we can't ever promise perfect reachability, no protocol can.

    • Can I know how many people are following me?

    No, but you can get some estimates if relays cooperate in an extra-protocol way.

    • What incentive is there for people to run relays?

    The question is misleading. It assumes that relays are free dumb pipes that exist such that people can move data around through them. In this case yes, the incentives would not exist. This in fact could be said of DHT nodes in all other p2p network stacks: what incentive is there for people to run DHT nodes?

    • Nostr enables you to move between server relays or use multiple relays but if these relays are just on AWS or Azure what’s the difference?

    There are literally thousands of VPS providers scattered all around the globe today, there is not only AWS or Azure. AWS or Azure are exactly the providers used by single centralized service providers that need a lot of scale, and even then not just these two. For smaller relay servers any VPS will do the job very well.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 1408bad0:4971f2ca
    2024-01-26 21:26:45

    image

    There was a great meme from Wojak about Wen will Bitconi demonitise Gold. This could come quicker than we think, especially even some banks are thinking that there will be a faster Bitcoin adoption than when the Gold ETF was launched.

    Gold has around a $12 Trillion market cap according to recent data and it will be interesting to see how quickly Bitocoin erodes into this in the next 2 years.

    image.png

    source

    Bitcoin will surely catch up and easily overtake Gold's marketcap in the next few years in my opinion, especially with the mediocre returns from holding gold, just look at Peter Schiff. The real test will come however when it comes to real estate.

    Real estate is another beast from gold though and it will not go down without a fight. According to the Bitcoin Prague presentation by Michael Saylor, the real estate market is worth over $330 Trillion, which is a massive number in magnitude to that of gold.

    The other thing to remember is that real estate is used by the fiat central bankers as a faucet to pump more fiat debt into the system. If this faucet starts to dry up, they would need to resort to more imaginative ways to indebten people or the whole system could start to collapse.

    There are many tax benefits given to those who take on debt to buy real estate in many countries. Many people can write off the interest payments on their tax bills, other can avoid capital gains taxs by hodling real estate. This causes people to take on large amounts of debt and pump up the price of housing and cause huge bubbles that the next generation are supposed to take on and keep the system going.

    In the slide by Michael Saylor, he predicts Bitcoin could take maybe 15% of the real esate market cap and has the potential to take half of it, which would be huge from where we currently are.

    50% of $330 Trillion would add $165 Trillion to Bitcoins market cap and it would be hard to put a price on a Satoshi if that happens, let a lone a full Bitcoin.

    Would there be some reaction from the Banks when they lose a major fiat debt faucet though? How would they react and would they try to make taking on debt for houses even more attractive than the ultra-low rates we have had in recent years?

    If Bitcoin starts making inroads into people investing in Bitcoin instead of taking debt to buy real estate, it could possibly trigger a huge deflation in the fiat world for real estate as people abandon buying extra apartments to rent out and instead and less liquidity would be flowing in the system.

    What are your thoughts on how Bitcoin will affect the real estate market?

    Thanks for reading.

    mypathtofire divider.jpg

    Let's connect : mypathtofire

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
    2024-01-26 19:20:43

    It's Biden vs. Texas, and Texas Is Right. By Ryan McMaken

    The Texas governor is essentially saying that federal supremacy at the border has been rendered null and void by a federal refusal to enforce federal law. Can Texas get away with it?

    This seems like a real can of worms in the making. @kr had a good post in ~culture about what's happening on the Texas/US/Mexico border right now. This article examines the constitutional case for what Texas is doing.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Parallel Chains

    We want merged-mined blockchains. We want them because it is possible to do things in them that aren't doable in the normal Bitcoin blockchain because it is rightfully too expensive, but there are other things beside the world money that could benefit from a "distributed ledger" -- just like people believed in 2013 --, like issued assets and domain names (just the most obvious examples).

    On the other hand we can't have -- like people believed in 2013 -- a copy of Bitcoin for every little idea with its own native token that is mined by proof-of-work and must get off the ground from being completely valueless into having some value by way of a miracle that operated only once with Bitcoin.

    It's also not a good idea to have blockchains with custom merged-mining protocol (like Namecoin and Rootstock) that require Bitcoin miners to run their software and be an active participant and miner for that other network besides Bitcoin, because it's too cumbersome for everybody.

    Luckily Ruben Somsen invented this protocol for blind merged-mining that solves the issue above. Although it doesn't solve the fact that each parallel chain still needs some form of "native" token to pay miners -- or it must use another method that doesn't use a native token, such as trusted payments outside the chain.

    How does it work

    With the SIGHASH_NOINPUT/SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT soft-fork[^eltoo] it becomes possible to create presigned transactions that aren't related to any previous UTXO.

    Then you create a long sequence of transactions (sufficient to last for many many years), each with an nLockTime of 1 and each spending the next (you create them from the last to the first). Since their scriptSig (the unlocking script) will use SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT you can obtain a transaction id/hash that doesn't include the previous TXO, you can, for example, in a sequence of transactions A0-->B (B spends output 0 from A), include the signature for "spending A0 on B" inside the scriptPubKey (the locking script) of "A0".

    With the contraption described above it is possible to make that long string of transactions everybody will know (and know how to generate) but each transaction can only be spent by the next previously decided transaction, no matter what anyone does, and there always must be at least one block of difference between them.

    Then you combine it with RBF, SIGHASH_SINGLE and SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY so parallel chain miners can add inputs and outputs to be able to compete on fees by including their own outputs and getting change back while at the same time writing a hash of the parallel block in the change output and you get everything working perfectly: everybody trying to spend the same output from the long string, each with a different parallel block hash, only the highest bidder will get the transaction included on the Bitcoin chain and thus only one parallel block will be mined.

    See also

    [^eltoo]: The same thing used in Eltoo.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 99895004:c239f905
    2023-12-27 00:52:44

    Let's start with the anniversary

    Nostr.build turned 1 year old a few days ago and a lot has happened in the last year. From a few hundred media uploads to 2500+ a day, now hosting over 1 million unique media items. From a simple, free UI, to advanced personal accounts, NIP98 and NIP96 integration, CDN, redundant load balanced servers with all media backed-up on multiple locations, full integration and automatic uploads with apps like NoStrudel, Damus, Snort.Social, Amethyst, Coracle.Social, Iris.to and more. And of course, none of this is even remotely possible without partnering with a world-class developer, Fishcake.

    Original | Today :-------------------------:|:-------------------------: |

    But it's the people that are making this journey special. Everyone with their own unique story. Everyone supporting nostr, supporting each other, helping to build something we all know is special. The amount of support nostr.build has received is unbelievable. From donations to account purchases, troubleshooting and code contributions, I never knew people could be so generous. The generosity amazed me so much, I wrote a blog about it, here!

    To hear some of these stories, to drive creativity and use other apps on nostr, to give back a little, we thought to hold a nostr blogging contest, so here it goes!

    How it Works

    On January 1st, 2024 we will post a note calling for blog entries. Contestants will need to respond to the note adding a link to their blog. The blog with the most legitimate 'likes' will be the winner. Rules are below:

    • The blog must be written in a nostr blogging app (ex. yakihonne.com, habla.news, blogstack.io, flycat.club)
    • It must contain media (images, gifs, videos). It can be 1-2 images, or 99% mixed media. It does NOT need to be hosted on nostr.build
    • It needs to be a new blog, can't be something from before the contest
    • Anyone can participate

    Prizes

    • 1st Prize will be a Bitcoin hardware wallet of your choice (ex. Coldcard, BitKey, Passport, Jade, Trezor)
    • 2nd Prize will be nostr.build Creators accounts given to two people. If you already have an account, you will get a renewal for the next year.
    • 3rd Prize will be a Bitcoin / Financial / Art book given to three people (ex. Bread, Bitcoin Standard, Broken Money, Fourth Turning)

    In total there are 6 prizes.

    The Goal

    There are a few things we wish to accomplish: - Drive adoption of more nostr apps, and the nostr blogging apps are really good - Share your stories so we all can hear them. Find out more about what interests people, and to bring out everyone's creative side - Drive Bitcoin self custody and cold storage

    That is it! That's the contest. Remember, it can be about anything.

    Have fun and 'may the odds be ever in your favor'!

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    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ df8f0a64:057d87a5
    2023-12-21 09:48:39

    The first draft of this text was published on Yakihonne in Japanese.

    At the begining

    I believe the approximate time is correct, but the exact time is quite fuzzy, so this text may be the megalomania of a middle-aged man. Note that if anyone who knows me reads this text, they will realize who I am. Even if you find out, please leave me alone and think I'm bored.

    Meeting and saying goodbye to bitcoin

    I first owned bitcoin when I met Coincheck (then known as Rejepress), between 2012 and 2014.

    I worked for venture capital at the time. Venture capital invest in fast-growing start-ups and then gain profit when the company goes public or is acquired.

    There are many factors for a fast-growing, but essential one is that the market the company is targeting must be growing rapidly.

    Back then, news of the Mt. Gox hack was on TV, and bitcoin and other virtual currencies (before they were called cryptocurrencies) were becoming known to innovators and beyond.

    It was a time when had the opportunity to meet the CEO, Mr Wada, just as I was thinking about investing in an exchange that would be the gateway to bitcoin, with the growth of Zaif and Bitflyer at my side. I asked him to let me invest in Coinchek during a private moment. I would like to thank Mr. Wada once again.

    As a associate, I had no authority to make investment decisions, so I needed to submit a propsal to the investment comittee. As part of my preparation, I opened a Coincheck account and, with some nervousness, made my first bitcoin purchase.

    After deliberation by committee, the investment opportunity was abandoned (Coincheck has since grown into something of a YAMATANO-OROCHI, not a unicorn) and I was left with nothing but bitcoins.

    yamatano-orochi

    Despite my disappointment, bitcoin's market capitalisation has continued to grow and it has made a meme such as "just sleep and wake up in the morning to find your money growing".

    meme

    Then, as a historic event, there was a NEM (XEM) leak at Coincheck that was unprecedented in the world.

    At that time, I had already left VC, but while working on a new business there, I asked Mr. Otsuka, who was a director of Coincheck, if he could provide an OEM cryptocurrency exchange. I still remember the people gathering outside his office and the press conference where he was relentlessly denounced.

    While I was rooting for Coincheck in the midst of all this, it is also true that I was disappointed by the vulnerability of the exchange as a gateway to bitcoin. If a bullet train tunnel or station can easily collapse, it can no longer be a major artery.

    I closed all my positions at that point, withdrew my Japanese yen, and closed my account. By then I had made enough profit to say goodbye to bitcoin with no regrets.

    Hopes and disappointments with Web3

    About 3 years later, I was in New Zealand when I was approached by a group of young entrepreneurs.

    "Web3, DAOs, smart contracts?"

    I'd been away from VC and cryptocurrency for a while, so it was hard to digest all the information I hadn't caught up with, but I thought about what it could mean for the future (not to mention the 3 guys who would go on to found Fracton Venturs) and felt hopeful about the system they were betting their lives on.

    fractonvc

    That discussion recall me the memory of talking to Mr. Mesaki gave me hope. He is the author of 'Nippon, a Happy Developing Country - Proposals to Reborn as a New Nation'. Despite his busy weekday lunchtime schedule, Mr. Mesaki spent over an hour with me. (Mr. K introduced me to Mr. Mesaki and suggested that I meet him before leaving Japan. Thank you very much)

    Autonomy has a correlation with happiness that is 20x greater than the correlation between income and happiness.

    Smart contracts ensure transparency and fairness (not equality) by allowing anyone to objectively verify them. They are used as rules by DAOs, where everyone voluntarily contributes to the organization.

    It is not easy to change the country you live in, and therefore not easy to change the culture you live in. What if we could pursue happiness by participating in DAOs online?

    Unfortunately, Web3 did not turn out as I had imagined.

    I won't list every case, but my conclusion is that humanity is not ready for Web3. I hope that one day Web3 and its peripheral technologies will aim to be the best solution to problems that do exist, and that the ideals of the DAO will be realized as they should be.

    Dive in to the rabbit hole

    In March 2021, I returned to Japan, leaving my family behind. I had much free time so I do SNS. However Twitter, Facebook and Instagram have already become spaces that resemble the real world with the arrival of the late majority

    "Isn't that something?"

    Then I was lucky to join Bluesky, a decentralised SNS via Waitlist. I was enjoying the early Twitter-like space, for innovators and early adopters only, when I noticed a group of active people talking about something called Nostr.

    I searched for the word Nostr and found Damus, another SNS where Japanese people are active, so I thought I'd check it out.

    Damus

    I fell into the muddy waters of Chinese spam and was pulled back to shore, where I am now.

    Reuniting with bitcoin and expectations

    Although I have several social networking accounts, I now primarily use Nostr.

    I prefer Nostr because of its innovative and early adopter user base, as well as its Zap system, which uses bitcoin (Lightning network) for transactions.

    "Long time no see, bitcoin!"

    Additionally, I see great potential in Nostr as a higher level of bitcoin.

    Bitcoin's value, like any other legal tender, is based on people's trust in it. Some people criticize it for being virtual and fictional, but to me, its value feels much more plausible than the value of a start-up determined by a few VCs. The fact that so many people across borders trust it as if it were a 'lingua franca of humanity' is romantic.

    On Nostr, exchanging value and sentiment with Zap is similar to the crowdfunding exchange of capital with sentiment.

    The combination of Nostr's and Bitcoin's systems cannot be altered by third parties. Communication is imbued with a sense of value, and the OSS culture encourages each participant to contribute. This once again demonstrates the dream of voluntary and independent action, leading to happiness, that we first saw in Web3 and DAO.

    In the end

    I'm dreaming about Nostr now, but maybe in 6 months I'll be disappointed, or maybe I'll be more into it.

    I have registered an account on Github, raised issues, and donated sats to the OpenSats Nostr Fund.

    I hope to continue contributing next year. Remember, if you can dream it, you can achieve it!

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ dbe0605a:f8fd5b2c
    2024-01-24 10:04:11

    Nostr for The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

    image

    This Sunday, 28.01.2024 at 18:00 - 19:00 UTC we're inviting you to take pare in a very unique #zapathon

    Nostrians taking part in this special zapathon that will play in tune with thousands of people playing together with The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity on their 32nd Grand Finale! Hence the name #orchestrathon

    The goal of #orchestrathon is to support the goal of this years Grand Finale, which is: funding equipment for diagnosing, monitoring and rehabilitating lung diseases of patients in pulmonology wards for children and adults in Poland

    That means all bitcoin from zaps will be converted to PLN and donated to The Great of Christmas Charity foundation.

    What's The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity? What is the 32nd Grand Finale?! You'll find all of those answers on Geyser project story, or a few paragraphs below 👇 Now coming back to #orchestrathon...

    What Is #Orchestrathon

    This Nostr account is a was generated on Geyser and is tied to Geyser project: Bitcoiners support The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

    That means all zaps sent to this account are at the same time funding Geyser campaing.

    So not only you will contribute to the goal in the project, also all the zap comments will be visable there.

    Ain't that crazy? We can use this campaign as one giant #orchestrathon client!

    image

    Rules are simple:

    1. On Sunday at 18.00 - 19.00 we all connect to our relays to join the #orchestrathon
    2. For the whole hour - you can zap this profile, our posts or comments as crazy!
    3. At 19.00 it's culmination of both #orchestrathon and Grand Finale

    All Nostrians who zap will receive special badges, depending on the zapped amount (in total):

    image

    On Sunday there will be lot's of concerts and events happening all day, culminating with Grand Finale closing at 19.00. We will try to launch a stream on zap.stream, so we can enjoy Grand Finale and concerts together!

    This #orchestrathon and Geyser fundraise is organised by Dwadzieścia Jeden, a community of polish Bitcoiners. More about us and Proof of Work in the project story 👇

    We're not only Bitcoiners, are also Nostrians, follow us: Dwadzieścia Jeden account: @npub1cpmvpsqtzxl4px44dp4544xwgu0ryv2lscl3qexq42dfakuza02s4fsapc

    Saunter: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru

    Fmar: @npub1xpuz4qerklyck9evtg40wgrthq5rce2mumwuuygnxcg6q02lz9ms275ams

    JesterHodl: @npub18s59mqct7se3xkhxr3epkagvuydwtvhpsacj67shrta8eknynegqttz5c3

    Tomek K: @npub14wxtsrj7g2jugh70pfkzjln43vgn4p7655pgky9j9w9d75u465pqvagcye

    Tom Chojnacki: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru

    Gracjan Pietras: @npub1trkudtnp7jg3tmy4sz8mepmgs5wdxk9x2esgts25mgkyecrse7js6ptss5

    Tomek Waszczyk @npub1ah8phwmfyl2lakr23kt95kea3yavpt4m3cvppawuwkatllnrm4eqtuwdmk

    Original Geyser project story

    Saving Lives and Preserving Health

    image

    Dwadzieścia Jeden a polish node in decentralised bitcoin communities network Twenty One, is proud to facilitate bitcoin fundraising for the biggest, non-governmental, non-profit, charity in Poland — The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity.

    For the past 31 years, GOCC continuously fundraises money for pediatric and elderly care in Poland. Each year, a culmination of the raise occurs during the last Sunday of January in the shape of The Grand Finale — a joyful day that when tens of thousands volunteers worldwide, especially kids and teenagers, go on the streets to gather money for the cause, giving donors hear-shaped stickers with logo of the foundation. If you're in Poland on that day, basically every person you'll meet on the street will proudly wear GOCC heart.

    image

    The same hear-shaped stickers can be seen in every hospital in Poland on thousands of high quality medical equipment bought by The Great Orchestra. There is not a single polish family that hasn't benefited in some way from this equipment, and it saved thousands of lives, especially the little ones.

    image

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    32nd Grand Finale Goal

    This year, 32rd Grand Finale will take place on 28th of January. The aim of the 32nd Grand Finale is post-pandemic lung diseases — the raised funds will be used to purchase equipment for children's and adults' respiratory units.

    The Foundation plans to purchase:

    • equipment for diagnostic imaging, i.a. MRI and ultrasound equipment,

    • equipment for functional diagnosis, i.a. polysomnographs and portable spirometers,

    • equipment for endoscopic diagnosis, i.a. navigational bronchoscopy systems and bronchoscopes

    • equipment for rehabilitation - equipment for pulmonary rehabilitation used in the treatment of patients after lung transplantation

    • equipment for thoracic surgery, e.g. electrocoagulation systems and cryoprobes.

    The Great Orchestra of Proof of Work

    image

    What We'll Do With Gathered Funds

    Gathered bitcoin will be converted to PLN by a polish exchange Quark and donated to The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity after The Grand Finale which takes place on January 28th.

    owsiak

    Dwadzieścia Jeden Proof of Work

    We're a group of polish pleb Bitcoiners that started organising ourselves about 2 years ago.

    Our activities include:

    Find Out More

    Gallery

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    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    A estrutura lógica do livro didático

    Todos os livros didáticos e cursos expõem seus conteúdos a partir de uma organização lógica prévia, um esquema de todo o conteúdo que julgam relevante, tudo muito organizadinho em tópicos e subtópicos segundo a ordem lógica que mais se aproxima da ordem natural das coisas. Imagine um sumário de um manual ou livro didático.

    A minha experiência é a de que esse método serve muito bem para ninguém entender nada. A organização lógica perfeita de um campo de conhecimento é o resultado final de um estudo, não o seu início. As pessoas que escrevem esses manuais e dão esses cursos, mesmo quando sabem do que estão falando (um acontecimento aparentemente raro), o fazem a partir do seu próprio ponto de vista, atingido após uma vida de dedicação ao assunto (ou então copiando outros manuais e livros didáticos, o que eu chutaria que é o método mais comum).

    Para o neófito, a melhor maneira de entender algo é através de imersões em micro-tópicos, sem muita noção da posição daquele tópico na hierarquia geral da ciência.

    • Revista Educativa, um exemplo de como não ensinar nada às crianças.
    • Zettelkasten, a ordem surgindo do caos, ao invés de temas se encaixando numa ordem preexistentes.
    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ f866d5b1:c526b32f
    2024-02-05 06:40:09

    ขอใช้พื้นที่อธิบายว่า ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย ไม่ใช่ “รัฐอิสระ”

    ด้วย ดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก ได้เขียนบทความ ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย เป็น ”รัฐอิสระ”ลงใน มติชนสุดสัปดาห์ ฉบับวันที่ 2-8 กุมภาพันธ์ 2567 

ในฐานะ ดิฉัน เป็นนักเรียนเศรษฐศาสตร์ตลอดชีวิตคนหนึ่ง ได้อ่านบทความนั้นแล้ว มีความเห็นแย้งกับ ดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก ซึ่งมีความเข้าใจผิดในหลายประเด็นเกี่ยวกับการวิเคราะห์การเจริญเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจด้วยหลักวิชาเศรษฐศาสตร์

    ดิฉัน ขอถามกลับในคำถามที่ ดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก ได้ตั้งเอาไว้ในบทความนั้น ดังต่อไปนี้ 
 1. ดูอัตราเงินเฟ้อในปัจจุบัน ปัจจุบันเงินเฟ้อไทยติดลบ แสดงให้เห็นว่าเศรษฐกิจอยู่ในภาวะเงินฝืด ซึ่งภาวะเงินฝืดคงไม่ต้องเถียงกันว่าดีหรือไม่ดี เพราะไม่ดีอย่างแน่นอน ราคาสินค้าจะลดลงเพราะขายไม่ออก จนต้องจำใจลดราคาสินค้า เมื่อราคาสินค้าลดลง ธุรกิจห้างร้านผลประกอบการลดลงหมดจากภาวะเงินฝืด จนสุดท้ายปลดพนักงาน ทยอยปิดตัวเลิกกิจการ การลงทุนใหม่ก็จะไม่มีหรือมีน้อยลงเพราะของที่ผลิตเดิมก็ยังมีเกินความต้องการอยู่

    ขอถามกลับ คุณดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก ว่า หากอัตราเงินเฟ้อลดลงจริง แล้วราคาของข้าวแกงและก๋วยเตี๋ยว รวมถึงเครื่องดื่มในร้านอาหารที่ไปรับประทานในชีวิตประจำวัน มีการลดราคา หรือไม่

    1. การปล่อยสินเชื่อของธนาคารพาณิชย์ลดลง ไม่สามารถปล่อยสินเชื่อได้ดีดังเดิม ปัจจุบันการปล่อยสินเชื่อลดลงอย่างมาก จากสถิติไตรมาส 4/2566 สัดส่วนผู้ขอสินเชื่อบ้านและคอนโดที่ถูกธนาคารปฏิเสธไม่ให้สินเชื่อพุ่งสูงสุด หรือนิวไฮด์ บริษัทพัฒนาอสังหาริมทรัพย์ต่างวิตกกังวลกับปัญหาการขอสินเชื่อ

    ขอถามกลับ คุณดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก ว่า ปัญหาที่แท้จริง เกิดจาก ราคาอสังหาริมทรัพย์เฟ้อ เพราะการเปลี่ยนแปลงมาตรการสัดส่วนการครอบครองอสังหาริมทรัพย์ของชาวต่างด้าว จนทำให้ราคาอสังหาริมทรัพย์เพิ่มขึ้นสูงเร็วกว่า การเพิ่มขึ้นของรายได้ประชาชนชาวไทย หรือไม่

    1. สถิติตัวเลขการลงทุนรวมของภาคเอกชนลดลง สถิตินี้อาจต้องใช้เวลาสักระยะถึงจะเห็นผล ซึ่งจากสถิติ ปี 2565 มีอัตราการลงทุนรวมภาคเอกชนเพิ่มขึ้น ร้อยละ 5.1 แต่ปี 2566 คาดว่าเหลือเพียง ร้อยละ 2.0 เท่านั้น



    ขอถามกลับ คุณดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก ว่า การลงทุนรวมภาคเอกชนจะเพิ่มขึ้น ขึ้นอยู่กับปัจจัยอัตราดอกเบี้ยเงินกู้ เพียงอย่างเดียว หรือไม่ อีกทั้งช่วงที่ผ่าน บรรดาบริษัทต่าง ๆ มีช่องทางระดมทุนรูปแบบใหม่ที่อัตราดอกเบี้ยต่ำกว่าการกู้ยืมกับธนาคาร เช่น ตั๋วเงินฝาก หรือ หุ้นกู้ เป็นต้น และอัตราดอกเบี้ยเงินกู้ยืมของเหล่าผู้ประกอบการล้วนต่ำกว่าอัตราดอกเบี้ยเงินกู้ยืมซื้ออสังหาริมทรัพย์ของประชาชน ดังนั้น เมื่ออัตราการลงทุนลดลง อาจแสดงให้เห็นว่าผลตอบแทนจากการลงทุนในประเทศไทยของภาคเอกชนไม่คุ้มค่าต้นทุนจากการกู้ยืมเงิน หรือไม่



    อีกทั้ง ประเด็นความอิสระของธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย ที่โดย ดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก กล่าวหาว่ากระทำการประดุจหนึ่ง “รัฐอิสระ” เหยียบคันเร่ง พร้อมกับรัฐบาลที่กำลังจะเหยียบคันเร่ง เพื่อนำพาเศรษฐกิจของประเทศไทย พุ่งไปข้างหน้าด้วยความเร็วที่เพิ่มขึ้น



    ดิฉัน ขอถามกลับว่า หากธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย ไม่ตัดสินใจขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ยนโยบาย จากร้อยละ 0.5 มาเป็น ร้อยละ 2.5 ตามทิศทางการขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ยของธนาคารกลางสหรัฐฯ หรือเฟด และธนาคารกลางอื่น ๆ ทั่วโลก จะทำให้อัตราแลกเปลี่ยนระหว่างประเทศของค่าเงินบาท ที่ได้อ่อนค่าลงเมื่อปีที่แล้ว และก็อ่อนค่าลงต่อเนื่อง ตั้งแต่ต้นปี 2567 อีกด้วย

    แล้วส่งผลให้การนำเข้าวัตถุดิบที่นำเข้ามาผลิตสินค้าต่าง ๆ ของโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม และผู้ประกอบการเกษตรกรรม เช่น น้ำมัน, ก๊าซธรรมชาติ, ปุ๋ย, เคมีภัณฑ์, อาหารสัตว์, แป้งสาลี, ฯลฯ มีต้นทุนที่สูงขึ้นมากกว่าปัจจุบันนี้ หรือไม่ จนอาจส่งผลกระทบต่ออัตราเงินเฟ้อที่ ดาวพลูโตมองดูโลก และบรรดาผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับรัฐบาลข้ามขั้ว ต่างออกมาเรียกร้องว่าเกิดวิกฤตเศรษฐกิจขึ้นในประเทศไทย



    รูปแบบของอัตราเงินเฟ้อ ที่ใช้กันอยู่นี้มีปัญหาในการบ่งชี้ถึงสภาพเศรษฐกิจที่แท้จริงอย่างมาก ด้วยอัตราเงินเฟ้อ นั้น สร้างขึ้นจากการนำราคาสินค้าและบริการต่าง ๆ มาคำนวณตามอัตราส่วนที่กำหนดไว้ ทำให้ปัจจัยที่ทำให้อัตราเงินเฟ้อเปลี่ยนแปลงไปของแต่ละประเทศไม่เท่ากัน แม้ราคาสินค้าและบริการในประเทศต่าง ๆ จะเปลี่ยนแปลงในปริมาณที่เท่ากันก็ตาม



    กรณีด้านราคาของอาหารในอัตราเงินเฟ้อของประเทศไทย นั้นใช้ราคาอาหารสด แต่วิถีชีวิตของประชาชนไทยนั้นเปลี่ยนไปนานแล้ว ณ ปัจจุบัน แทบหาครัวเรือนใดมีการประกอบอาหารรับประทานกันเองในครอบครัว ด้วยความเปลี่ยนแปลงจากครอบครัวขยายมาเป็นครอบครัวเดี่ยวมากขึ้น และความรีบเร่งในการใช้ชีวิตประจำวันด้วยเวลาที่ทุกคนมีจำกัด แต่โครงสร้างต่าง ๆ ของประเทศไทย ล้วนแต่ทำให้เวลาสูญหายไปอย่างไร้ค่า เช่น การต้องติดอยู่ในกล่องสี่เหลี่ยมติดแอร์บนท้องถนน เพื่อไปเรียนตามระบบเพื่อกระดาษ 1 แผ่นที่เอาไว้อวดอ้างเพื่อนำไปขายเวลาเพื่อยังชีพต่อไป หรือต้องออกไปขายเวลาหารายได้เพื่อยังชีพ หรือแม้กระทั่ง รายได้จากการขายเวลาเพื่อยังชีพถูกเอาเปรียบเพราะไร้ซึ่งอำนาจต่อรองจากนายจ้างที่ได้มาซึ่งทุนผูกขาดจากปัญหาเชิงโครงสร้างของประเทศไทย เป็นต้น



    ดังนั้น หากจะพิจารณาปัญหาการเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจด้วยอัตราเงินเฟ้อ จากดัชนีราคาสินค้าผู้บริโภค (Cusumer Price Index) แต่เพียงอย่างเดียว นั้นเป็นการวิเคราะห์ทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่ไม่ถูกต้อง หากต้องการพิจารณาอัตราเงินเฟ้อของเศรษฐกิจอย่างแท้จริง ต้องนำเอาราคาสินค้าชนิดเดียวกันและปริมาณคุณภาพเท่ากันในช่วงเวลาปัจจุบัน และช่วงเวลาก่อนหน้ามาเปรียบเทียบ เช่น ราคาเนื้อหมูสามชั้น ปริมาณ 1 กิโลกรัม ณ วันที่ 5 ก.พ. 2529 เทียบกับ ราคา ณ วันที่ 5 ก.พ. 2567 เป็นต้น 



    ซึ่งอัตราเงินเฟ้อรูปแบบดังกล่าว ทางสำนักงานเศรษฐกิจและสังคมแห่งชาติ หรือสภาพัฒน์ มีการคำนวณหาไว้เช่นกัน โดยอัตราเงินเฟ้อรูปแบบนี้เรียกว่า ตัวปรับลดผลิตภัณฑ์ (GDP Deflator) อย่างไรก็ตาม ตัวปรับลดผลิตภัณฑ์ ก็ยังบ่งชี้ถึงอัตราเงินเฟ้อที่แท้จริงของระบบเศรษฐกิจไม่ได้ เพราะปัจจุบันมีสินค้าหรือผลิตภัณฑ์หลายอย่างที่สมัยก่อนนั้นยังไม่มี หรือสินค้าที่ใช้คำนวณในสมัยก่อนนั้นเลิกผลิตไปแล้ว เช่น คอมพิวเตอร์ ณ ยุค 90 กับช่วงปัจจุบันนี้ ก็มีประสิทธิภาพที่ไม่เท่ากัน ทำให้ไม่สามารถเปรียบเทียบกันโดยตรงได้ เป็นต้น



    วันนี้เพื่อไทยโกหกอะไร #ตระบัดสัตย์ #ดิจิมอนออมเล็ต

    Politics #Political #Policy #PheuThai #DigitalWallet

    CPI #GDPdeflator #inflation #อัตราเงินเฟ้อ 
#AnEconStudent #Econ101

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 2b97dfb1:f2fbd215
    2023-12-20 05:59:56

    1. Were there specific people in the church that played a role in your decision?

    2. How does your current church align with your values?

    3. What aspects of your church make you feel the most connected to your faith?

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Boardthreads

    This was a very badly done service for turning a Trello list into a helpdesk UI.

    Surprisingly, it had more paying users than Websites For Trello, which I was working on simultaneously and dedicating much more time to it.

    The Neo4j database I used for this was a very poor choice, it was probably the cause of all the bugs.

    screenshot

    -https://github.com/fiatjaf/boardthreads

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ a012dc82:6458a70d
    2024-02-05 03:16:10

    The growing maturity of the cryptocurrency industry in 2022 led to the correlation between bitcoin (BTC) and US stocks reaching a new all-time high.

    Analysts say that the growing interest of institutional investors in cryptocurrency is one thing driving this link.

    According to a paper written by blockchain research company Arcane Research, "The increased correlations are likely caused by the institutionalization of bitcoin." This means that bitcoin is grouped with growth stocks as risky assets.

    According to a survey published by PricewaterhouseCoopers, more than a third of conventional hedge funds are already investing in cryptocurrencies. This shows that bitcoin and other coins are becoming increasingly seen as a separate asset.

    What is a crypto hedge fund? The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the United States says that hedge funds are investment groups that pool money from many investors with the goal of making money.

    Investors who can pay higher management fees and the risks associated with hedge fund investing are often the only ones who can participate in hedge funds. Also, the amount of money you have to put down as a minimum to invest in hedge funds is often quite large.

    The SEC also said that hedge funds are not subject to the same stringent regulations as mutual funds. They have more freedom to choose high-risk assets and strategies when they use leverage, short selling, and many other speculative financial tools.

    Investing in cryptocurrency and other digital assets is the primary focus of many crypto hedge fund organizations. Besides investing in stocks, fixed income, foreign currencies, and commodities, other cryptocurrency hedge funds have been making these kinds of investments.

    Crypto hedge funds and venture capital firmsAs a result of the fact that crypto hedge funds and institutional cryptocurrency investment companies often invest a significant portion of their capital in coins—far more than the typical retail investor does—these types of investors have substantial liquidity in an asset. Institutional players' actions will have a bigger effect on the price if retail investors are aware of them, so they need to know what they are doing.

    It's important to note that not all of the businesses discussed in this article are cryptocurrency hedge funds like the ones described above. Some of them are venture capital businesses and exert an equivalent amount of influence, perhaps more, than their hedge fund counterparts do on cryptocurrency markets.

    Pantera Capital: First US crypto hedge fundPantera Cash is a cryptocurrency investment fund that offers investors a broad number of alternatives for allocating their capital. These possibilities range from blockchain sector venture equity to early-stage tokens and liquid cryptocurrencies. Pantera Capital was founded in 2017.

    Pantera's Liquid Token Fund is "predominantly driven by a discretionary approach focusing on decentralized finance and adjacent assets," as stated on the website of the business, and it invests in 15 to 25 different liquid tokens at any given moment in time. In November of 2017, Pantera's Liquid Token Fund was made available to investors. The Pantera Blockchain Fund is an investment vehicle that targets early-stage tokens, venture equity, and liquid tokens. A minimum investment of $100,000 is required, and there is a 2% management charge and a 20% performance fee associated with it. It requires a minimum investment of one million dollars. Other funds offered by the organization include the Bitcoin Fund, the Venture Fund, the Early Stage Token Fund, and the Select Fund.

    Pantera was the first bitcoin hedge fund to debut in the United States, as stated on the company's website, which was established in 2013. As of the 25th of August 2022, the total assets under management (AUM) for Pantera amounted to $4.7 billion.

    Morgan Creek Capital Management’s crypto armMorgan Creek Capital Management is a hedge fund that is based in North Carolina and offers investment management services to institutional and qualifying clients. These clients include endowments, pension plans, foundations, and family offices. Morgan Creek Capital Management also serves family offices.

    Morgan Creek's investing strategy is centered on diversification and the "integration of alternative assets into a standard portfolio," according to the website of the business.

    The name of the division of the corporation that manages bitcoin hedge funds is Morgan Creek Digital. It makes seed and early-stage investments in blockchain firms and investments in artificial intelligence and digital assets.

    Morgan Creek Digital and Bitwise Asset Management have formed a strategic partnership to launch the Digital Asset Index Fund. This fund will give institutional investors access to the most popular cryptocurrencies.

    The performance of the Morgan Creek Bitwise Digital Asset Index is followed closely by investors in the Digital Asset Index Fund. BTC, ETH, ADA, DOT, AVAX, LTC, UNI, ATOM, BCH, and XTZ were the components that made up the index as of August 25th, 2022.

    Brevan Howard: Dipping toes into cryptoBrevan Howard Asset Management is a hedge fund that manages assets for institutional investors all over the globe, such as sovereign wealth funds, corporate pension plans, and public pension plans. These clients come from both the public and private sectors.

    The business diversifies its holdings by investing in a wide range of asset classes, including stocks, fixed income, foreign currency, and commodities. In September 2021, Brevan Howard set up BH Digital, a company that deals with cryptocurrencies and digital assets.

    At least 15 portfolio managers, 10 or more data scientists and traders, and at least 20 external blockchain developers provide assistance for BH Digital.

    "BH Digital has created a strong worldwide team that is a unique combination of crypto native talent and conventional investing skills," said Howard. "BH Digital is well positioned to capitalize on the opportunities presented by blockchain technology."

    The company plans to increase its investments in the cryptocurrency industry by giving help in a variety of areas, including the development of blockchain technology, public relations, capital raising, compliance, and recruiting. BH Digital has said that it will be involved in running the network and staking and maintaining nodes.

    Polychain Capital: Crypto-focused fundPolychain Capital is a hedge fund with its headquarters in San Francisco that focuses on making investments in the blockchain industry.

    The company's website says, "Polychain is an investment company whose goal is to give clients excellent returns through professionally managed portfolios of different blockchain assets."

    The company has made investments in a number of different businesses, including the Polkadot-based DeFi protocol Acala, the company that created the layer-one blockchain network Avalanche (Ava Labs), the modular blockchain network company Celestia Labs, and the cryptocurrency exchanges Coinbase (COIN) and Cosmos (ATOM) contributor Tendermint.

    Polychain provided only a limited amount of information about the firm on its website. According to a filing with the SEC, Polychain has an AUM value of more than $6.6 billion as of March 31, 2022.

    DCG: Grayscale and Coindesk parentThe world's biggest digital asset manager, Grayscale Investments; cryptocurrency broker Genesis Global Trading; and news outlet CoinDesk are all subsidiaries of Digital Currency Group (DCG), which is the parent company of all three businesses.

    After selling his previous business, SecondMarket Solution, to Nasdaq, Barry Silbert decided to start a new venture in the blockchain industry in 2015 and turn it into one of the most active investment companies operating in the space (NDAQ).

    The structure of DCG is not like that of a traditional hedge fund. Grayscale Investments, DCG's life and wealth management branch, provides investors with single asset and diversified cryptocurrency funds. HQ is the part of DCG that deals with life and wealth management. It offers private investments, wealth advice, and tax, trust, and estate planning services.

    Whether via private placements or publicly-quoted products, investors can put their money into Grayscale's cryptocurrency funds, such as the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC), the Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETHE), and the Grayscale Smart Contract Platform Ex-Ethereum Fund. As of August 25th, 2022, Grayscale, which DCG owned, had a total AUM in cryptocurrency-based financial products valued at more than $19.8 billion.

    According to information provided on the company's website, DCG is actively contributing to the growth of blockchain networks by purchasing digital currencies and taking part in a variety of token sales. Most of DCG's cryptocurrency assets are Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ethereum Classic (ETC), Mana (MANA), Land (LAND), Zen (ZEN), LPT, and ZEC.

    DCG has also given money to the bitcoin security company BitGo, the web browser Brave, the blockchain analysis company Chainalysis, the stablecoin issuer Circle, the cryptocurrency exchanges Coinbase (COIN), Kraken, and FTX, the Ethereum explorer Etherscan, the Bitcoin scaling solution Lightning Network, the non-fungible token (NFT) company Dapper Labs, and the payment-focused blockchain network Ripple (XRP).

    Andreessen Horowitz (a16z): Solana and Avalanche investorOne of the most powerful and important venture capital companies in Silicon Valley is Andreessen Horowitz. Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz are responsible for the establishment of the investment firm that specializes in technology and goes by the name "a16z." Across its several funds, a16z now has $33.3 billion in assets under management (AUM).

    Since 2013, the firm has been making investments in several cryptocurrencies. A16Z made the announcement in May 2022 that it would be launching its fourth cryptocurrency-focused fund with a total value of $4.5 billion, bringing the total amount of cryptocurrency funds it has raised since its founding to more than $7.5 billion.

    "We believe that the golden age of Web3 is upon us at this very moment." According to a press release issued by the corporation on May 25th, "programmable blockchains have achieved an adequate level of development, and a wide variety of applications have amassed tens of millions of users." More significantly, over the course of the last year, a large flood of talent at a world-class level has joined the Web3 industry. They are very intelligent and enthusiastic people who wish to improve the internet.

    a16z's crypto investments include the layer-one network Solana (SOL), the stablecoin protocol Maker, the Avalanche creators Ava Labs, the NFT platform OpenSea, the Axie Infinity (AXS) developers Sky Mavis, and the cryptocurrency hedge fund Polychain Capital. A16z is also an investor in the cryptocurrency hedge fund Polychain Capital.

    Sequoia: Tech-focused global investing giantSequoia Capital, with its headquarters in California and primary concentration on technological investments, is recognized as one of the most recognizable brands in the venture capital industry. Don Valentine established the business in 1972.

    The first Sequoia fund was one of the earliest investors in Apple (AAPL) and also provided support to the company that pioneered video games, Atari. Over its history, the corporation has made investments in several well-known businesses, some of which are included here: Cisco (CSCO), Google (GOOGL), Instagram (META), Airbnb (ABNB), Stripe, and Zoom (ZM).

    The company has invested in crypto-native startups like the exchange FTX, the payments company Block (SQ), the Ethereum-based scaling solutions company StarkWare, the digital asset security platform Fireblocks, and the DeFi network Parallel Finance, which is based on Polkadot.

    Sequoia announced in February 2022 that it would launch a fund with 500 to 600 million dollars that would primarily invest in cryptocurrency tokens.

    Sequoia says, "Our goal with this fund is to get more involved in protocols, help token-only businesses more, and learn by doing by doing ourselves."

    Over the course of the past five years, we have made investments in both equity and tokens. However, many people have requested that we play a more active role in managing our tokens. This role would include staking them, providing liquidity, participating in governance, and trading through their respective platforms.

    Final thoughtsTake into consideration that cryptocurrency assets are quite volatile. Hedge fund managers and investment businesses can make poor choices, which may result in a loss of capital. It is not appropriate to rely on their thoughts and behaviors in place of conducting your own independent investigation.

    Always do your own research and investigation. Remember that whether or not you trade or invest should be determined by your level of comfort with risk, your knowledge of the market, your size of your portfolio, and your long-term objectives. It is important to keep in mind that previous performance is not always indicative of future results. Also, you shouldn't ever trade or invest money that you cannot afford to lose.

    That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

    If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

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    https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 2b97dfb1:f2fbd215
    2023-12-20 05:43:42

    What do you like about your Bitcoin Meetup? What don't you like about your Bitcoin Meetup?

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ e1ff3bfd:341be1af
    2023-12-17 18:49:31

    A bunch of people have been shilling Liquid has a scaling solution with on-chain fees on the rise. I wanted to take the time to breakdown why this is a fool's errand and there are better ways to go about this.

    Liquid is based on Elements which as they claim in their README is a collection of feature experiments and extensions to the Bitcoin protocol. Liquid is just another blockchain. It is a fork of bitcoin with a few fancy things added (Tokens, CT, covenants) and bundled together with a 1 minute block time, federated custody, and some blockstream branding.

    Blockchains do not scale. As we are seeing today, the bitcoin blockchain does not have enough throughput for everyone's transactions. This is for good reason, keeping the cost of running a full node low is a priority, this was one of the main reasons the blocksize wars were fought.

    So why does Liquid exist? People lately have been touting it as a way to ease fee pressure but in my opinion this is a fool's errand, no different than people back in 2017 saying to use litecoin because fees on bitcoin were too high. Liquid is just a fork of bitcoin, it has the exact same scaling problems and the only reason it has smaller fees is because it is never really been used. For now, it can work as a temporary stop-gap (essentially finding arbitrage for fees), but building actual infrastructure on top of liquid will run into the exact same problems as on-chain bitcoin.

    The problem is that Liquid is trying to use trust as a scaling solution but did it in a completely inefficient way. When you are trusting the 11-of-15 multisig, you don't need all the benefits that a blockchain gives you, everything is dictated by the functionaries anyways. The problem is if liquid gets any meaningful amount of users it will also end up with huge fees and we'll be back to square one because Liquid's architecture didn't actually leverage any of the trust tradeoffs it took and just inherited all the same problems of on-chain bitcoin.

    There are real solutions available. Lightning is the obvious alternative but it does have it's own problems, I think a lot of people have been seeing the problems with small scale self-custodial lightning, it is extremely hard to scale. This is why I am extremely excited about fedimint. Fedimint has almost the exact same trust model of Liquid (a federated multisig) but is built on a much better architecture that actually allows for scaling. Fedimints don't have a blockchain but instead operate as a chaumian ecash mint. This allows for them to do actually innovative things instead of just being bitcoin plus a couple features. There isn't a block size, instead the transaction throughput is just gated by the processing power of the guardians. Smart contracts are limited by having to do everything on-chain with bitcoin script, they are pure rust code and allows for all sorts of crazy things. And it all still interoperates with Lightning, essentially giving a Wallet of Satoshi with way less rug-pull risk, tons of new features, and is extremely private.

    All this said, it is sad we aren't talking about self-custodial scaling solutions. Today the only real one is Lightning and with current fees, it isn't reasonable unless you have a few million sats. The problem is that this is just inherently a limitation with Lightning. Lightning is excellent when you have high value channels and can make payments across the network, but it does excel at "pleb nodes" where one guy puts 100k sats to try it out, this comes with too many limitations with paying on-chain fees and needing to have reserves to pay future on-chain fees. However, this is potentially solvable. Lightning has solved the problem of scaling payments, where if you have channels, one on-chain transaction can represent many actual payments. What lightning did not solve is that one utxo still represents one user, and this is the limitation we are running into today. Currently the only way we solve this is using a multisig sig (Liquid and Fedimint), but we can solve this in a self-custodial way if we activated covenants. Covenants essentially let us give fine grained control of what is going to be spent from a UTXO before the UTXO even exists. Currently, there are a few proposals (CTV, APO, TXHASH) all with varying ways to do it and different tradeoffs, but imo something like this is desperately needed if we want any chance to scale bitcoin in a self-custodial way.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Channels without HTLCs

    HTLCs below the dust limit are not possible, because they're uneconomical.

    So currently whenever a payment below the dust limit is to be made Lightning peers adjust their commitment transactions to pay that amount as fees in case the channel is closed. That's a form of reserving that amount and incentivizing peers to resolve the payment, either successfully (in case it goes to the receiving node's balance) or not (it then goes back to the sender's balance).

    SOLUTION

    I didn't think too much about if it is possible to do what I think can be done in the current implementation on Lightning channels, but in the context of Eltoo it seems possible.

    Eltoo channels have UPDATE transactions that can be published to the blockchain and SETTLEMENT transactions that spend them (after a relative time) to each peer. The barebones script for UPDATE transactions is something like (copied from the paper, because I don't understand these things):

    OP_IF # to spend from a settlement transaction (presigned) 10 OP_CSV 2 As,i Bs,i 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE # to spend from a future update transaction <Si+1> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 Au Bu 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ENDIF

    During a payment of 1 satoshi it could be updated to something like (I'll probably get this thing completely wrong):

    OP_HASH256 <payment_hash> OP_EQUAL OP_IF # for B to spend from settlement transaction 1 in case the payment went through # and they have a preimage 10 OP_CSV 2 As,i1 Bs,i1 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE OP_IF # for A to spend from settlement transaction 2 in case the payment didn't went through # and the other peer is uncooperative <now + 1day> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 As,i2 Bs,i2 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE # to spend from a future update transaction <Si+1> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 Au Bu 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ENDIF OP_ENDIF

    Then peers would have two presigned SETTLEMENT transactions, 1 and 2 (with different signature pairs, as badly shown in the script). On SETTLEMENT 1, funds are, say, 999sat for A and 1001sat for B, while on SETTLEMENT 2 funds are 1000sat for A and 1000sat for B.

    As soon as B gets the preimage from the next peer in the route it can give it to A and them can sign a new UPDATE transaction that replaces the above gimmick with something simpler without hashes involved.

    If the preimage doesn't come in viable time, peers can agree to make a new UPDATE transaction anyway. Otherwise A will have to close the channel, which may be bad, but B wasn't a good peer anyway.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Criteria for activating Drivechain on Bitcoin

    Drivechain is, in essence, just a way to give Bitcoin users the option to deposit their coins in a hashrate escrow. If Bitcoin is about coin ownership, in theory there should be no objection from anyone on users having the option to do that: my keys, my coins etc. In other words: even if you think hashrate escrows are a terrible idea and miners will steal all coins from that, you shouldn't care about what other people do with their own money.

    There are only two reasonable objections that could be raised by normal Bitcoin users against Drivechain:

    1. Drivechain adds code complexity to bitcoind
    2. Drivechain perverts miner incentives of the Bitcoin chain

    If these two objections can be reasonably answered there remains no reason for not activating the Drivechain soft-fork.

    1

    To address 1 we can just take a look at the code once it's done (which I haven't) but from my understanding the extra validation steps needed for ensuring hashrate escrows work are very minimal and self-contained, they shouldn't affect anything else and the risks of introducing some catastrophic bug are roughly zero (or the same as the risks of any of the dozens of refactors that happen every week on Bitcoin Core).

    For the BMM/BIP-301 part, again the surface is very small, but we arguably do not need that at all, since anyprevout (once that is merged) enables blind merge-mining in way that is probably better than BIP-301, and that soft-fork is also very simple, plus already loved and accepted by most of the Bitcoin community, implemented and reviewed on Bitcoin Inquisition and is live on the official Bitcoin Core signet.

    2

    To address 2 we must only point that BMM ensures that Bitcoin miners don't have to do any extra work to earn basically all the fees that would come from the sidechain, as competition for mining sidechain blocks would bid the fee paid to Bitcoin miners up to the maximum economical amount. It is irrelevant if there is MEV on the sidechain or not, everything that reaches the Bitcoin chain does that in form of fees paid in a single high-fee transaction paid to any Bitcoin miner, regardless of them knowing about the sidechain or not. Therefore, there are no centralization pressure or pervert mining incentives that can affect Bitcoin land.

    Sometimes it's argued that Drivechain may facilitate the ocurrence of a transaction paying a fee so high it would create incentives for reorging the Bitcoin chain. There is no reason to believe Drivechain would make this more likely than an actual attack than anyone can already do today or, as has happened, some rich person typing numbers wrong on his wallet. In fact, if a drivechain is consistently paying high fees on its BMM transactions that is an incentive for Bitcoin miners to keep mining those transactions one after the other and not harm the users of sidechain by reorging Bitcoin.

    Moreover, there are many factors that exist today that can be seen as centralization vectors for Bitcoin mining: arguably one of them is non-blind merge mining, of which we have a (very convoluted) example on the Stacks shitcoin, and introducing the possibility of blind merge-mining on Bitcoin would basically remove any reasonable argument for having such schemes, therefore reducing the centralizing factor of them.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Um algoritmo imbecil da evolução

    Suponha que você queira escrever a palavra BANANA partindo de OOOOOO e usando só alterações aleatórias das letras. As alterações se dão por meio da multiplicação da palavra original em várias outras, cada uma com uma mudança diferente.

    No primeiro período, surgem BOOOOO e OOOOZO. E então o ambiente decide que todas as palavras que não começam com um B estão eliminadas. Sobra apenas BOOOOO e o algoritmo continua.

    É fácil explicar conceber a evolução das espécies acontecendo dessa maneira, se você controlar sempre a parte em que o ambiente decide quem vai sobrar.

    Porém, há apenas duas opções:

    1. Se o ambiente decidir as coisas de maneira aleatória, a chance de você chegar na palavra correta usando esse método é tão pequena que pode ser considerada nula.
    2. Se o ambiente decidir as coisas de maneira pensada, caímos no //design inteligente//.

    Acredito que isso seja uma enunciação decente do argumento "no free lunch" aplicado à crítica do darwinismo por William Dembski.

    A resposta darwinista consiste em dizer que não existe essa BANANA como objetivo final. Que as palavras podem ir se alterando aleatoriamente, e o que sobrar sobrou, não podemos dizer que um objetivo foi atingido ou deixou de sê-lo. E aí os defensores do design inteligente dirão que o resultado ao qual chegamos não pode ter sido fruto de um processo aleatório. BANANA é qualitativamente diferente de AYZOSO, e aí há várias maneiras de "provar" que sim usando modelos matemáticos e tal.

    Fico com a impressão, porém, de que essa coisa só pode ser resolvida como sim ou não mediante uma discussão das premissas, e chega um ponto em que não há mais provas matemáticas possíveis, apenas subjetividade.

    Daí eu me lembro da minha humilde solução ao problema do cão que aperta as teclas aleatoriamente de um teclado e escreve as obras completas de Shakespeare: mesmo que ele o faça, nada daquilo terá sentido sem uma inteligência de tipo humano ali para lê-las e perceber que não se trata de uma bagunça, mas sim de um texto com sentido para ele. O milagre se dá não no momento em que o cão tropeça no teclado, mas no momento em que o homem olha para a tela.

    Se o algoritmo da evolução chegou à palavra BANANA ou UXJHTR não faz diferença pra ela, mas faz diferença para nós, que temos uma inteligência humana, e estamos observando aquilo. O homem também pensaria que há //algo// por trás daquele evento do cão que digita as obras de Shakespeare, e como seria possível alguém em sã consciência pensar que não?

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 46fcbe30:6bd8ce4d
    2024-01-23 18:42:01

    Opinion about Mycelium Wallet

    test

    #WalletScrutiny #NostrComment

    join the conversation!

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Gerador de tabelas de todos contra todos

    I don't remember exactly when I did this, but I think a friend wanted to do software that would give him money over the internet without having to work. He didn't know how to program. He mentioned this idea he had which was some kind of football championship manager solution, but I heard it like this: a website that generated a round-robin championship table for people to print.

    It is actually not obvious to anyone how to do it, it requires an algorithm that people will not reach casually while thinking, and there was no website doing it in Portuguese at the time, so I made this and it worked and it had a couple hundred daily visitors, and it even generated money from Google Ads (not much)!

    First it was a Python web app running on Heroku, then Heroku started charging or limiting the amount of free time I could have on their platform, so I migrated it to a static site that ran everything on the client. Since I didn't want to waste my Python code that actually generated the tables I used Brython to run Python on JavaScript, which was an interesting experience.

    In hindsight I could have just taken one of the many round-robin JavaScript libraries that exist on NPM, so eventually after a couple of more years I did that.

    I also removed Google Ads when Google decided it had so many requirements to send me the money it was impossible, and then the money started to vanished.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 2b97dfb1:f2fbd215
    2023-12-17 18:10:46

    Hello Stackers! My name is 4D Chess. I’m announcing capitalcitycitadel.com. Is anybody here from South Carolina? I need your help! I want to create a regular meetup, support group, and more. I'm going to create a group chat with SimpleX. If you're interested, I can send you an invitation.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ ef1a1108:d2bb31da
    2024-01-23 15:34:05

    Nostr for The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

    image

    This Sunday, 28.01.2024 at 18:00 - 19:00 UTC we're inviting you to take pare in a very unique #zapathon

    Nostrians taking part in this special zapathon that will play in tune with thousands of people playing together with The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity on their 32nd Grand Finale! Hence the name #orchestrathon

    The goal of #orchestrathon is to support the goal of this years Grand Finale, which is: funding equipment for diagnosing, monitoring and rehabilitating lung diseases of patients in pulmonology wards for children and adults in Poland

    That means all bitcoin from zaps will be converted to PLN and donated to The Great of Christmas Charity foundation.

    What's The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity? What is the 32nd Grand Finale?! You'll find all of those answers on Geyser project story, or a few paragraphs below 👇 Now coming back to #orchestrathon...

    What Is #Orchesthrathon

    This Nostr account is a was generated on Geyser and is tied to Geyser project: Bitcoiners support The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

    That means all zaps sent to this account are at the same time funding Geyser campaing.

    So not only you will contribute to the goal in the project, also all the zap comments will be visable there.

    Ain't that crazy? We can use this campaign as one giant #orchestrathon client!

    image

    Rules are simple:

    1. On Sunday at 18.00 - 19.00 we all connect to our relays to join the #orchestrathon
    2. For the whole hour - you can zap this profile, our posts or comments as crazy!
    3. At 19.00 it's culmination of both #orchestrathon and Grand Finale

    All Nostrians who zap will receive special badges, depending on the zapped amount (in total):

    image

    On Sunday there will be lot's of concerts and events happening all day, culminating with Grand Finale closing at 19.00. We will try to launch a stream on zap.stream, so we can enjoy Grand Finale and concerts together!

    This #orchestrathon and Geyser fundraise is organised by Dwadzieścia Jeden, a community of polish Bitcoiners. More about us and Proof of Work in the project story 👇

    We're not only Bitcoiners, are also Nostrians, follow us: Dwadzieścia Jeden account: @npub1cpmvpsqtzxl4px44dp4544xwgu0ryv2lscl3qexq42dfakuza02s4fsapc Saunter: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru Fmar: @npub1xpuz4qerklyck9evtg40wgrthq5rce2mumwuuygnxcg6q02lz9ms275ams JesterHodl: @npub18s59mqct7se3xkhxr3epkagvuydwtvhpsacj67shrta8eknynegqttz5c3 Tomek K: @npub14wxtsrj7g2jugh70pfkzjln43vgn4p7655pgky9j9w9d75u465pqvagcye Tom Chojnacki: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru Gracjan Pietras: @npub1trkudtnp7jg3tmy4sz8mepmgs5wdxk9x2esgts25mgkyecrse7js6ptss5 Tomek Waszczyk @npub1ah8phwmfyl2lakr23kt95kea3yavpt4m3cvppawuwkatllnrm4eqtuwdmk

    Original Geyser project story

    Saving Lives and Preserving Health

    image

    Dwadzieścia Jeden a polish node in decentralised bitcoin communities network Twenty One, is proud to facilitate bitcoin fundraising for the biggest, non-governmental, non-profit, charity in Poland — The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity.

    For the past 31 years, GOCC continuously fundraises money for pediatric and elderly care in Poland. Each year, a culmination of the raise occurs during the last Sunday of January in the shape of The Grand Finale — a joyful day that when tens of thousands volunteers worldwide, especially kids and teenagers, go on the streets to gather money for the cause, giving donors hear-shaped stickers with logo of the foundation. If you're in Poland on that day, basically every person you'll meet on the street will proudly wear GOCC heart.

    image

    The same hear-shaped stickers can be seen in every hospital in Poland on thousands of high quality medical equipment bought by The Great Orchestra. There is not a single polish family that hasn't benefited in some way from this equipment, and it saved thousands of lives, especially the little ones.

    image

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    32nd Grand Finale Goal

    This year, 32rd Grand Finale will take place on 28th of January. The aim of the 32nd Grand Finale is post-pandemic lung diseases — the raised funds will be used to purchase equipment for children's and adults' respiratory units.

    The Foundation plans to purchase:

    • equipment for diagnostic imaging, i.a. MRI and ultrasound equipment,

    • equipment for functional diagnosis, i.a. polysomnographs and portable spirometers,

    • equipment for endoscopic diagnosis, i.a. navigational bronchoscopy systems and bronchoscopes

    • equipment for rehabilitation - equipment for pulmonary rehabilitation used in the treatment of patients after lung transplantation

    • equipment for thoracic surgery, e.g. electrocoagulation systems and cryoprobes.

    The Great Orchestra of Proof of Work

    image

    What We'll Do With Gathered Funds

    Gathered bitcoin will be converted to PLN by a polish exchange Quark and donated to The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity after The Grand Finale which takes place on January 28th.

    owsiak

    Dwadzieścia Jeden Proof of Work

    We're a group of polish pleb Bitcoiners that started organising ourselves about 2 years ago.

    Our activities include:

    Find Out More

    Gallery

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    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    Money Supply Measurement

    What if we measured money supply measured by probability of being spent -- or how near it is to the point in which it is spent? bonds could be money if they're treated as that by their owners, but they are likely to be not near the spendpoint as cash, other assets can also be considered money but they might be even farther.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 21b41910:91f41a5e
    2023-12-17 18:09:59

    Work must build upon a free open source software (FOSS) project based on JAM Systems as a fork or contribution to this repository: https://github.com/diamsa/jam

    To satisfy this bounty, there are three types of enhancements wanted.

    It may be appropriate to break these into smaller/separate bounties. Please reach out to me to coordinate.

    Terms

    • is the human readable name or topic of a room
    • refers to the short room name identifier in an audio space that acts as the programmatic reference
    • is the server domain name (e.g. cornychat.com)
    • is a server identifier (e.g. cornychat)

    User Status Notifications

    • Users should be given an action (button, link, etc) to allow them to quickly set their nostr status
    • The status should following NIP-38 Users Statuses
    • This is a kind 30315 event which should be structured as follows

    { "kind": 30315, "content": "<Talking,Listening> in <roomid> at <serverid>", "tags": [ ["d", "general"], ["r", "https://<serverfqdn>/<path-to-room>"], ["expiration", number-that-is-1-hour-from-now] ], }

    • The content of Talking or Listening should be set based on whether the user is on stage or in the audience at the time they choose to publish status
    • The expiration value can default to 1 hour from now as time in seconds since epoch.
    • This event should be signed by the user, and may be signed with a browser extension

    Scheduled Events Publishing

    • In the Room Settings, if a room is being scheduled for a later date and time, the server should pubish a Nostr Event
    • The server should have its own configurable NSEC. The NSEC should be configurable in the ./deployment/.env file, carried through into docker-compose to the server logic
    • Scheduled events should prepare Nostr Calendar event NIP-52 for an event
    • The structure for the event should be a time-based event kind 31923. The d tag can be set as the <serverid>-<roomid>-<starttimestamp>.
    • ➤ Tags for the event do not need to include all participants in p tags, but should include at least the moderator/owner that set the room settings as a scheduled event
    • ➤ The value for location tag should be set as "online audio space"
    • ➤ The reference link r tag should
    • ➤ This event should be signed by the server key
    • ➤ Each time-based event created for a room should be tracked by the server instance in the redis memory store
    • Two nostr calendars for the room should be created as a calendar event kind 31924.
    • ➤ Calendar with name " events" should include all events in the future, as well as those that started in the last hour
    • ➤ Calendar with name " past events" should be created including all events where the start time is in the past by more than an hour

    Live Activities Publishing

    • When a room is open, a Live Event activity should be created per NIP-53
    • A kind 30311 event should be prepared with the following structure

    { "kind": 30311, "tags": [ ["d", "<serverid>-<roomid>"], ["title", "<Room name>"], ["summary", "<description>"], ["image", "<logo uri from room settings ? server logo uri>"], ["t", "#<serverid>"] ["t", "#<roomid>"] ["audiospace", "<url to room>"], ["starts", "<unix timestamp in seconds>"], ["ends", "<unix timestamp in seconds>"], ["status", "<planned, live, ended>"], ["current_participants", "<number>"], ["total_participants", "<number>"], ["p", "91cf9..4e5ca", "wss://provider1.com/", "Host", "<proof>"], ["p", "14aeb..8dad4", "wss://provider2.com/nostr", "Speaker"], ["p", "612ae..e610f", "ws://provider3.com/ws", "Participant"], ["relays", "wss://one.com", "wss://two.com", ...] ], "content": "", ... }

    • The d tag should be deterministic based on server identifier and room name. This will be referenced in any a tags for live chat referencing the room.
    • The event should be signed by server nsec and published to relays
    • When room settings are changed, the event should be updated and republished as 30000 series is replaceable events

    2023-12-08 - updated to reflect this should build on or fork from https://github.com/diamsa/jam

    2023-12-17 - expanded details to reflect this focuses on user status, calendars, and live activities with more guidance

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
    2024-01-14 13:55:28

    How being "flexible" can bloat a protocol

    (A somewhat absurd example, but you'll get the idea)

    Iimagine some client decides to add support for a variant of nip05 that checks for values at /.well-known/nostr.yaml besides /.well-known/nostr.json. "Why not?", they think, "I like YAML more than JSON, this can't hurt anyone".

    Then some user makes a nip05 file in YAML and it will work on that client, they will think their file is good since it works on that client. When the user sees that other clients are not recognizing their YAML file, they will complain to the other client developers: "Hey, your client is broken, it is not supporting my YAML file!".

    The developer of the other client, astonished, replies: "Oh, I am sorry, I didn't know that was part of the nip05 spec!"

    The user, thinking it is doing a good thing, replies: "I don't know, but it works on this other client here, see?"

    Now the other client adds support. The cycle repeats now with more users making YAML files, more and more clients adding YAML support, for fear of providing a client that is incomplete or provides bad user experience.

    The end result of this is that now nip05 extra-officially requires support for both JSON and YAML files. Every client must now check for /.well-known/nostr.yaml too besides just /.well-known/nostr.json, because a user's key could be in either of these. A lot of work was wasted for nothing. And now, going forward, any new clients will require the double of work than before to implement.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 21b41910:91f41a5e
    2023-12-17 17:32:15

    Work must build upon a free open source software (FOSS) project based on JAM Systems as a fork or contribution to this repository: https://github.com/diamsa/jam

    Depends on: Nostr Live Audio Spaces: Nostr Notifications

    Precursor: When a room is created, the server signing key should publish the Live Activity (kind 30311) per NIP-53 per the dependency. The identifier should be saved in the room metadata.

    Users should be presented with an option to view/close the room chat

    Chat messages should be created using kind 1311 per NIP-53 as live chat for the live activity. Use the NIP section here for the event to be published per chat message

    https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/53.md#live-chat-message

    Chat messages should be created and signed by participants and their keys.

    A tag "role" can be added to indicate if the user is a "moderator", "speaker", or "audience" at the time of the chat message for context.

    When the message is displayed to the users, render the user's name, role, time, and the message.

    Further bounties will be established in the future for extending chat (for replies, reactions, translations, export, publish transript)

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 8ce092d8:950c24ad
    2024-02-04 23:36:28

    Overview

    1. Introduction
    2. Model Types
    3. Training (Data Collection and Config Settings)
    4. Probability Viewing: AI Inspector
    5. Match
    6. Cheat Sheet

    I. Introduction

    AI Arena is the first game that combines human and artificial intelligence collaboration.

    AI learns your skills through "imitation learning."

    Official Resources

    1. Official Documentation (Must Read): Everything You Need to Know About AI Arena

    Watch the 2-minute video in the documentation to quickly understand the basic flow of the game. 2. Official Play-2-Airdrop competition FAQ Site https://aiarena.notion.site/aiarena/Gateway-to-the-Arena-52145e990925499d95f2fadb18a24ab0 3. Official Discord (Must Join): https://discord.gg/aiarenaplaytest for the latest announcements or seeking help. The team will also have a exclusive channel there. 4. Official YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@aiarena because the game has built-in tutorials, you can choose to watch videos.

    What is this game about?

    1. Although categorized as a platform fighting game, the core is a probability-based strategy game.
    2. Warriors take actions based on probabilities on the AI Inspector dashboard, competing against opponents.
    3. The game does not allow direct manual input of probabilities for each area but inputs information through data collection and establishes models by adjusting parameters.
    4. Data collection emulates fighting games, but training can be completed using a Dummy As long as you can complete the in-game tutorial, you can master the game controls.

    II. Model Types

    Before training, there are three model types to choose from: Simple Model Type, Original Model Type, and Advanced Model Type.

    It is recommended to try the Advanced Model Type after completing at least one complete training with the Simple Model Type and gaining some understanding of the game.

    ModelType

    Simple Model Type

    The Simple Model is akin to completing a form, and the training session is comparable to filling various sections of that form.

    This model has 30 buckets. Each bucket can be seen as telling the warrior what action to take in a specific situation. There are 30 buckets, meaning 30 different scenarios. Within the same bucket, the probabilities for direction or action are the same.

    For example: What should I do when I'm off-stage — refer to the "Recovery (you off-stage)" bucket.

    For all buckets, refer to this official documentation:

    https://docs.aiarena.io/arenadex/game-mechanics/tabular-model-v2

    Video (no sound): The entire training process for all buckets

    https://youtu.be/1rfRa3WjWEA

    Game version 2024.1.10. The method of saving is outdated. Please refer to the game updates.

    Advanced Model Type

    The "Original Model Type" and "Advanced Model Type" are based on Machine Learning, which is commonly referred to as combining with AI.

    The Original Model Type consists of only one bucket, representing the entire map. If you want the AI to learn different scenarios, you need to choose a "Focus Area" to let the warrior know where to focus. A single bucket means that a slight modification can have a widespread impact on the entire model. This is where the "Advanced Model Type" comes in.

    The "Advanced Model Type" can be seen as a combination of the "Original Model Type" and the "Simple Model Type". The Advanced Model Type divides the map into 8 buckets. Each bucket can use many "Focus Area." For a detailed explanation of the 8 buckets and different Focus Areas, please refer to the tutorial page (accessible in the Advanced Model Type, after completing a training session, at the top left of the Advanced Config, click on "Tutorial").

    Tutorial

    III. Training (Data Collection and Config Settings)

    Training Process:

    1. Collect Data
    2. Set Parameters, Train, and Save
    3. Repeat Step 1 until the Model is Complete

    Training the Simple Model Type is the easiest to start with; refer to the video above for a detailed process.

    Training the Advanced Model Type offers more possibilities through the combination of "Focus Area" parameters, providing a higher upper limit. While the Original Model Type has great potential, it's harder to control. Therefore, this section focuses on the "Advanced Model Type."

    1. What Kind of Data to Collect

    1. High-Quality Data: Collect purposeful data. Garbage in, garbage out. Only collect the necessary data; don't collect randomly. It's recommended to use Dummy to collect data. However, don't pursue perfection; through parameter adjustments, AI has a certain level of fault tolerance.
    2. Balanced Data: Balance your dataset. In simple terms, if you complete actions on the left side a certain number of times, also complete a similar number on the right side. While data imbalance can be addressed through parameter adjustments (see below), it's advised not to have this issue during data collection.
    3. Moderate Amount: A single training will include many individual actions. Collect data for each action 1-10 times. Personally, it's recommended to collect data 2-3 times for a single action. If the effect of a single training is not clear, conduct a second (or even third) training with the same content, but with different parameter settings.

    2. What to Collect (and Focus Area Selection)

    Game actions mimic fighting games, consisting of 4 directions + 6 states (Idle, Jump, Attack, Grab, Special, Shield). Directions can be combined into ↗, ↘, etc. These directions and states can then be combined into different actions.

    To make "Focus Area" effective, you need to collect data in training that matches these parameters. For example, for "Distance to Opponent", you need to collect data when close to the opponent and also when far away. * Note: While you can split into multiple training sessions, it's most effective to cover different situations within a single training.

    Refer to the Simple Config, categorize the actions you want to collect, and based on the game scenario, classify them into two categories: "Movement" and "Combat."

    image

    Movement-Based Actions

    Action Collection

    When the warrior is offstage, regardless of where the opponent is, we require the warrior to return to the stage to prevent self-destruction.

    This involves 3 aerial buckets: 5 (Near Blast Zone), 7 (Under Stage), and 8 (Side Of Stage).

    image

    * Note: The background comes from the Tutorial mentioned earlier. The arrows in the image indicate the direction of the action and are for reference only. * Note: Action collection should be clean; do not collect actions that involve leaving the stage.

    Config Settings

    In the Simple Config, you can directly choose "Movement" in it. However, for better customization, it's recommended to use the Advanced Config directly. - Intensity: The method for setting Intensity will be introduced separately later. - Buckets: As shown in the image, choose the bucket you are training. - Focus Area: Position-based parameters: - Your position (must) - Raycast Platform Distance, Raycast Platform Type (optional, generally choose these in Bucket 7)

    Combat-Based Actions

    The goal is to direct attacks quickly and effectively towards the opponent, which is the core of game strategy.

    This involves 5 buckets: - 2 regular situations - In the air: 6 (Safe Zone) - On the ground: 4 (Opponent Active) - 3 special situations on the ground: - 1 Projectile Active - 2 Opponent Knockback - 3 Opponent Stunned

    2 Regular Situations

    image

    In the in-game tutorial, we learned how to perform horizontal attacks. However, in the actual game, directions expand to 8 dimensions. Imagine having 8 relative positions available for launching hits against the opponent. Our task is to design what action to use for attack or defense at each relative position.

    Focus Area - Basic (generally select all) - Angle to opponent
    - Distance to opponent - Discrete Distance: Choosing this option helps better differentiate between closer and farther distances from the opponent. As shown in the image, red indicates a relatively close distance, and green indicates a relatively distant distance.

    • Advanced: Other commonly used parameters
    • Direction: different facings to opponent
    • Your Elemental Gauge and Discrete Elementals: Considering the special's charge
    • Opponent action: The warrior will react based on the opponent's different actions.
    • Your action: Your previous action. Choose this if teaching combos.

    3 Special Situations on the Ground

    Projectile Active, Opponent Stunned, Opponent Knockback These three buckets can be referenced in the Simple Model Type video. The parameter settings approach is the same as Opponent Active/Safe Zone.

    For Projectile Active, in addition to the parameters based on combat, to track the projectile, you also need to select "Raycast Projectile Distance" and "Raycast Projectile On Target."

    3. Setting "Intensity"

    Resources

    • The "Tutorial" mentioned earlier explains these parameters.
    • Official Config Document (2022.12.24): https://docs.google.com/document/d/1adXwvDHEnrVZ5bUClWQoBQ8ETrSSKgG5q48YrogaFJs/edit

    TL;DR:

    Epochs: - Adjust to fewer epochs if learning is insufficient, increase for more learning.

    Batch Size: - Set to the minimum (16) if data is precise but unbalanced, or just want it to learn fast - Increase (e.g., 64) if data is slightly imprecise but balanced. - If both imprecise and unbalanced, consider retraining.

    Learning Rate: - Maximize (0.01) for more learning but a risk of forgetting past knowledge. - Minimize for more accurate learning with less impact on previous knowledge.

    Lambda: - Reduce for prioritizing learning new things.

    Data Cleaning: - Enable "Remove Sparsity" unless you want AI to learn idleness. - For special cases, like teaching the warrior to use special moves when idle, refer to this tutorial video: https://discord.com/channels/1140682688651612291/1140683283626201098/1195467295913431111

    Personal Experience: - Initial training with settings: 125 epochs, batch size 16, learning rate 0.01, lambda 0, data cleaning enabled. - Prioritize Multistream, sometimes use Oversampling. - Fine-tune subsequent training based on the mentioned theories.

    IV. Probability Viewing: AI Inspector

    The dashboard consists of "Direction + Action." Above the dashboard, you can see the "Next Action" – the action the warrior will take in its current state. The higher the probability, the more likely the warrior is to perform that action, indicating a quicker reaction. It's essential to note that when checking the Direction, the one with the highest visual representation may not have the highest numerical value. To determine the actual value, hover the mouse over the graphical representation, as shown below, where the highest direction is "Idle."

    image

    In the map, you can drag the warrior to view the probabilities of the warrior in different positions. Right-click on the warrior with the mouse to change the warrior's facing. The status bar below can change the warrior's state on the map.

    image

    When training the "Opponent Stunned, Opponent Knockback" bucket, you need to select the status below the opponent's status bar. If you are focusing on "Opponent action" in the Focus Zone, choose the action in the opponent's status bar. If you are focusing on "Your action" in the Focus Zone, choose the action in your own status bar. When training the "Projectile Active" Bucket, drag the projectile on the right side of the dashboard to check the status.

    Next

    The higher the probability, the faster the reaction. However, be cautious when the action probability reaches 100%. This may cause the warrior to be in a special case of "State Transition," resulting in unnecessary "Idle" states.

    Explanation: In each state a fighter is in, there are different "possible transitions". For example, from falling state you cannot do low sweep because low sweep requires you to be on the ground. For the shield state, we do not allow you to directly transition to headbutt. So to do headbutt you have to first exit to another state and then do it from there (assuming that state allows you to do headbutt). This is the reason the fighter runs because "run" action is a valid state transition from shield. Source

    V. Learn from Matches

    After completing all the training, your model is preliminarily finished—congratulations! The warrior will step onto the arena alone and embark on its debut!

    Next, we will learn about the strengths and weaknesses of the warrior from battles to continue refining the warrior's model.

    In matches, besides appreciating the performance, pay attention to the following:

    1. Movement, i.e., Off the Stage: Observe how the warrior gets eliminated. Is it due to issues in the action settings at a certain position, or is it a normal death caused by a high percentage? The former is what we need to avoid and optimize.

    2. Combat: Analyze both sides' actions carefully. Observe which actions you and the opponent used in different states. Check which of your hits are less effective, and how does the opponent handle different actions, etc.

    The approach to battle analysis is similar to the thought process in the "Training", helping to have a more comprehensive understanding of the warrior's performance and making targeted improvements.

    VI. Cheat Sheet

    Training 1. Click "Collect" to collect actions. 2. "Map - Data Limit" is more user-friendly. Most players perform initial training on the "Arena" map. 3. Switch between the warrior and the dummy: Tab key (keyboard) / Home key (controller). 4. Use "Collect" to make the opponent loop a set of actions. 5. Instantly move the warrior to a specific location: Click "Settings" - SPAWN - Choose the desired location on the map - On. Press the Enter key (keyboard) / Start key (controller) during training.

    Inspector 1. Right-click on the fighter to change their direction. Drag the fighter and observe the changes in different positions and directions. 2. When satisfied with the training, click "Save." 3. In "Sparring" and "Simulation," use "Current Working Model." 4. If satisfied with a model, then click "compete." The model used in the rankings is the one marked as "competing."

    Sparring / Ranked 1. Use the Throneroom map only for the top 2 or top 10 rankings. 2. There is a 30-second cooldown between matches. The replays are played for any match. Once the battle begins, you can see the winner on the leaderboard or by right-clicking the page - Inspect - Console. Also, if you encounter any errors or bugs, please send screenshots of the console to the Discord server.

    Good luck! See you on the arena!

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 126a29e8:d1341981
    2024-01-23 07:57:18

    Para navegación con índice y una mejor visualización de las tablas te recomendamos la lectura de este artículo en nuestra web: https://w3.do/malaga2140@getalby-com/Taller-LN

    ¿Por qué usar Lightning Network?

    Recientemente vivimos una temporada con muy alta demanda por el espacio en los bloques de Bitcoin, lo que provocó una comisión de minado inasumible para pequeños pagos onchain.

    Captura de mempool.space a mediados de Diciembre de 2023

    Ya había pasado antes y volverá a pasar. Usar la red Lightning de forma soberana no sólo aumenta la velocidad y la eficiencia de las transacciones, sino que también reduce el coste y ayuda a escalar la red para manejar un mayor volumen de transacciones.

    Lightning Network es una red para procesar pagos instantáneos de bitcoin que fue presentada en enero de 2016 por Joseph Poon y Thaddeus Dryja como una solución al problema de escalabilidad de Bitcoin gracias al bajo coste y rapidez en las transacciones.

    Desde luego no es una solución perfecta. La dificultad de usar Lightning de forma soberana es el motivo por el cual la mayoría de usuarios de la red no está en realidad usando Lightning sino un apunte contable en las llamadas wallets custodial (custodian los fondos por ti). La necesidad de que la wallet esté online para poder recibir un pago o el temor a cierre forzoso de canales son inconvenientes o fricciones que aún no están resueltas.

    Pero que Lightning Network no sea perfecto no quiere decir que no funcione o que no vaya a seguir mejorando en el futuro. Por ejemplo, Proveedores de Servicio Lightning como los que vimos en el taller (Blixt, Phoenix, Zeus o Mutiny) ayudan a simplificar la gestión de canales a cambio de una comisión por apertura o empalme.

    Pero … ¿LN es Bitcoin?

    Pensemos en Bitcoin como un sistema de 2 capas:
    ⛓️ Capa 1: onchain → dentro de la cadena
    ⚡ Capa 2: offchain → fuera de la cadena

    En la capa 1, cada transacción queda registrada en la cadena de bloques lo que garantiza la seguridad y la integridad del sistema.

    La capa 2 funciona mediante la creación de canales de pago y para abrir un canal se realiza una transacción onchain que queda registrada en la cadena de bloques de Bitcoin. Dentro de estos canales, las transacciones pueden ocurrir de manera instantánea y sin la necesidad de confirmaciones en la cadena principal pero todo lo que se mueve en ellos forma parte de la emisión programada de bitcoin y se ha registrado previamente en una transacción onchain.

    Lightning Network se basa en la seguridad e inmutabilidad de la blockchain de Bitcoin para su liquidación final. Por lo tanto: Si. LN es bitcoin.

    💡 La relación entre Lightning Network y Bitcoin es similar a la que existe entre el protocolo base TCP/IP de Internet y protocolos de nivel superior como HTTP. Al igual que HTTP permite que la web florezca sobre los protocolos fundacionales de Internet, Lightning Network permite que un entorno de transacciones más dinámico florezca sobre Bitcoin. Es un ejemplo de la adaptabilidad y extensibilidad de Bitcoin que un sistema tan sofisticado pueda ser construido para operar sin problemas con él, mejorando sus capacidades sin comprometer sus atributos fundamentales.

    Liquid, Cashu y otras soluciones que no son Bitcoin

    En contraste, otras redes como Liquid o Cashu, son cadenas laterales independientes o incluso redes completamente diferentes, que no comparten la cadena de bloques principal de Bitcoin. Estas redes tienen sus propias reglas y consensos, y las transacciones en estas cadenas no están directamente vinculadas a la cadena principal de Bitcoin.

    Wallets Lightning Network

    Hot vs Cold wallets

    Ya que cualquier wallet Lightning es una hot wallet no está de más recordar brevemente la diferencia entre hot y cold wallets. La elección entre un tipo u otro dependerá de las preferencias y necesidades de cada usuario. Puede tener sentido disponer de una pequeña cantidad de fondos en una hot wallet para su uso diario y guardar la mayor parte de fondos en almacenamiento en frío para mayor seguridad.

    Hot wallet (almacenamiento en caliente):

    Cartera (onchain o lightning) diseñada para realizar transacciones frecuentes con el inconveniente de ser más vulnerables a ataques por hackeo o malware al estar siempre conectada a internet. No es recomendable almacenar una gran cantidad de bitcoin en este tipo de cartera por el riesgo de seguridad. Otro posible caso de uso de este tipo de carteras es almacenar cierta cantidad de sats antes de pasarlo a almacenamiento en frío.

    Cold wallet (almacenamiento en frío):

    Cartera sin conexión a internet para almacenamiento a largo plazo. Normalmente se recurre a este tipo de carteras en forma de dispositivo (hardware wallet) para guardar de forma segura cantidades sustanciales de bitcoin (cada uno elige qué cantidad de sats estaría incómodo guardando en una wallet vulnerable).

    Custodial vs non-custodial

    De entre los muchos términos mal escogidos en Bitcoin este debe estar entre los peores por llevar a confusión frecuentemente. Aclaremos la diferencia entre una y otra para distinguirlas.

    Wallets custodial

    Las wallets custodial son aquellas en las que un tercero custodia las claves de tu bitcoin. Si bien puede ser más cómodo y fácil de usar para principiantes o personas sin conocimientos técnicos este tipo de servicios o aplicaciones va en contra de la principal propuesta de Bitcoin: prescindir de intermediarios para transmitir valor o almacenarlo. Al confiar tus fondos a un tercero confías en su capacidad para custodiar tu bitcoin contra posibles ataques, brechas de seguridad, requerimientos de autoridades o la tentación de salir corriendo con ellos.

    Ejemplos de wallets custodial LN

    | CUSTODIAL | ALBY | COINOS | LN.TIPS | Wallet of Satoshi | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UI / SO | Web | Web | Telegram Bot | Android / iOS | | Open Source | SI | SI | SI | NO | | Incluye Onchain | NO | SI | NO | SI | | ¿Permite conectar propio nodo LN? | SI | NO | NO | NO | | Tor | SI | SI | - | NO | | Swap | NO | SI | NO | SI | | LN Address | SI | SI | SI | SI | | LNURL-auth (Login con LN) | SI | SI | SI | SI | | Tutorial | Video en español | Video en español | Guía completa | Video en inglés |

    ℹ️ Puedes consultar una comparación más completa en el blog de DarthCoin

    Wallets non-custodial

    Por otro lado, las wallets non-custodial o self-custodial te otorgan el control y propiedad de tu bitcoin al ser tu quien posee las claves privadas. Esto garantiza no depender del permiso de ninguna entidad centralizada para preservar tus fondos o realizar transacciones.

    Evidentemente esta soberanía requiere responsabilidad personal a la hora de saber cómo gestionar adecuadamente tus fondos.

    Proveedores de Servicio Lightning

    Al tratarse de un taller de nivel intermedio o de iniciación a la autocustodia, nos centramos en Proveedores de Servicio Lightning (LSP’s por sus siglas en inglés) que ayudan a los usuarios a conectarse a la red abriendo canales bien conectados y ofreciendo liquidez entrante manteniendo la autocustodia.

    Liquidez entrante y saliente

    Un concepto que conviene tener claro es el de inbound / *outbound liquidity* o liquidez entrante y saliente.

    INBOUND ← (Entrante): Cantidad de sats que un canal puede recibir (sin incurrir en comisiones por apertura o empalme de canal)
    OUTBOUND → (Saliente): Cantidad de Sats que un canal puede enviar

    Cada vez que recibes sats disminuye la liquidez entrante de tu canal y aumenta la liquidez saliente. Por otro lado, enviar sats disminuye tu liquidez saliente y aumenta la entrante.

    Al abrir un canal toda la liquidez entrante estará llena por lo que tendrás que equilibrar el balance gastando, enviando fondos a otra wallet o mediante swap submarinos.

    Splicing

    Una vez abierto un canal Lightning no se puede alterar su capacidad. Si abres un canal de 100k y recibes más de esa cantidad en un pago lo que puede ocurrir es: - El pago fallará y no recibirás esos fondos - Se creará un nuevo canal con la cantidad que no quepa en el canal inicial (restando fee minera por la transacción onchain y posible comisión de servicio)

    En el 2º caso un usuario puede terminar con varios canales abiertos de liquidez entrante limitada, lo que dificultará predecir cuándo un pago entrante desencadenará la creación de un nuevo canal.

    El splicing o “empalme” es una funcionalidad que incorporó Phoenix recientemente y que permite redimensionar un único canal dinámico.

    “Empalme” de un canal mediante un splice-in en Phoenix

    ¿Pero no habíamos quedado en que no se puede redimensionar un canal una vez abierto? Correcto. Lo que ocurre entre bambalinas es que se produce un cierre cooperativo del canal entre las partes implicadas que gasta los fondos antiguos del canal a un nuevo canal junto con el nuevo depósito. Dado que la apertura del nuevo canal se basa en la seguridad del cierre del canal anterior, los participantes en el canal pueden gastar con seguridad los fondos antiguos dentro del canal mientras esperan a que se confirmen las transacciones de cierre y apertura.

    Más información sobre splicing: https://bitcoinops.org/en/topics/splicing

    Solicitar liquidez entrante

    Como ya hemos visto, la liquidez entrante es la cantidad que puedes recibir en tu canal sin incurrir en ninguna comisión por apertura de nuevo canal o empalme.

    Imagina que el canal de tu wallet lightning es un cubo, y tu saldo la cantidad de agua que hay en el cubo:
    - Recibir = añadir más agua
    - Gastar = verter agua

    Cada vez que sea necesario aumentar el tamaño del cubo o crear uno nuevo para añadir más agua, se incurre en una transacción onchain con las consiguientes tasas de minería.

    Dependiendo del caso de uso de cada uno, si vas a recibir más de lo que gastas, podría tener sentido solicitar liquidez entrante en grandes cantidades con antelación. De este modo, incurres en menos transacciones onchain y ahorras comisión de minería.

    Por ejemplo, pongamos que quieres reunir 1m de sats en LN para después pasarlo a onchain como un solo UTXO. Para ello vas a ir haciendo compras de 100k. Eso requeriría una transacción onchain cada vez que recibas para ensanchar el canal (splice-in) o abrir uno nuevo. Si en vez de eso solicitas 1M de liquidez entrante solo pagas la fee minera 1 vez.

    En cualquier caso, como norma general y siempre que se pueda conviene abrir canales "grandes" (y tener el balance equilibrado).

    Ejemplos de wallets non-custodial LN

    Te proponemos algunas wallets con servicio LSP que ayudan a simplificar la autocustodia en Lightning gestionando la apertura de canales, mejorando el enrutado de pagos, integrando el intercambio de onchain a LN o empalmando canales para aumentar la liquidez entrante.

    ⚠️ Las funcionalidades y comisiones de la siguiente tabla pueden sufrir cambios. Intentaremos mantener la tabla actualizada. Última actualización: 22 Enero 2024

    | AUTO. CUSTODIA | GREEN | MUTINY | PHOENIX | ZEUS | BLIXT | BREEZ | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UI / SO | Android / iOS / Escritorio | Web / Android /iOS | Android / iOS | Android / iOS | Android / iOS | Android / iOS | | Open Source | SI | SI | SI | SI | SI | SI | | Incluye balance Onchain | SI | SI | Balance unificado | SI | SI | Balance unificado | | Tor | SI | - | SI | SI | SI | ¿? | | Swap in | 0,4 % (10.000 sats min.) | - | mining fees (+ 1000 sat one time) | Mining fee | - | 0,4 % + mining fee | | https://lightningaddress.com/ (Recibir) | NO | NO | NO | SI | SI | NO | | https://lightninglogin.live/ (Login con LN) | NO | - | SI | SI | SI | SI | | Apertura canal / 1era transacción | Desde LN: 2500 Sats Desde onchain: fee minera + 2500 sats | Dinámica | mining fees (+ 1000 sats) | Hasta 1m = 10k sats 1-5m = 1 % | Mining fees | Mining fees | | Capacidad máx. | 900k - 4m | - | ¿? | ¿? | 400k sats (LSP) | 4m | | Coste por envío | fee de enrutado | fee de enrutado | 0.4 % + 4 sat | fee de enrutado | fee de enrutado | fee de enrutado | | Ampliar canal (Splicing) | - | - | mining fees (+ 1000 sat one time) | - | - | - | | Solicitar liquidez entrante | NO | ¿? | 1 % + mining fees | Cantidad recibida + 100k | | Cantidad recibida +50k sats | | Cerrar canal / Swap out | - | Mining fee | Mining fee | Mining fee | Mining fee | Mining fee +0,5% | | Tutorial | Guía en español / Video en inglés | Video en inglés | Video en inglés | Documentación | Video en español | Video en inglés |

    Plataformas P2P Lightning Network

    En el taller aprendimos como se podrían adquirir o vender sats en LNP2PBot y Robosats mediante la red Lightning.

    Ambas son muy buenas opciones si quieres intercambiar sats sin necesidad de pasar por un registro completo de tus datos. La elección de una u otra dependerá de cada usuario. En sus webs encontraréis información sobre cómo usarlas, preguntas frecuentes, etc: https://lnp2pbot.com/aprende https://learn.robosats.com

    Comentemos algunas de las diferencias:

    Cómo acceder

    • LNP2PBot es un bot de Telegram por lo que solo necesitarás una cuenta en Telegram con un nombre de usuario. Puedes crear una oferta iniciando conversación con el bot: https://t.me/lnp2pbot o tomar una oferta que encuentres en el canal general: https://t.me/p2plightning
    • Para preservar la privacidad se recomienda acceder a Robosats a través del navegador Tor o su app para Android (con Tor integrado).

    Fianza

    • LNP2PBot no requiere que el usuario tenga sats de antemano por lo que es mejor opción para realizar la primera compra.
    • En el caso de Robosats se requiere de una fianza para crear o tomar una oferta para incentivar que ambas partes actúen de acuerdo a las normas. La fianza se realiza mediante una hold invoice. Este tipo de facturas bloquean los fondos en la wallet hasta que el intercambio se complete satisfactoriamente o se caduque la oferta sin que nadie la haya tomado. Si todo sale bien sin disputas los fondos se quedan en tu wallet.

    Comisiones

    • En LNP2PBot el vendedor paga un 0,6% del total de cada intercambio mientras que el comprador no paga comisión.
    • En Robosats se paga un 0,2% por cada trade. El creador de la oferta (sea comprador o vendedor) paga un 0,025% y el tomador el 0,175% restante.

    | INTERCAMBIO LN | LNP2PBot | Robosats | | --- | --- | --- | | UI | Telegram bot | Navegador Tor / Android (Beta) | | Fianza | No requiere fianza | Requiere fianza en sats | | Comisiones | Vendedor: 0,6 %
    Comprador: 0 | Creador de la oferta: 0,025 %
    Tomador de la oferta: 0,175 % | | Duración ofertas | 23 horas | 1 - 24 horas | | Más info | https://lnp2pbot.com/aprende | https://learn.robosats.com/ | | Guía / Tutorial | Video en español | Video en español |

    Swap Lightning ↔ onchain

    Ya hemos visto que para equilibrar el balance de tu canal tienes la opción de gastar algunos sats, enviar fondos a otra wallet o mediante swap submarinos.

    Un swap submarino es un intercambio entre Bitcoin dentro y fuera de la cadena (es decir, entre Bitcoin onchain y Bitcoin en la red Lightning). Un Swap-Out es un tipo específico de swap atómico que puede realizarse sin custodia ni riesgo de contraparte y que facilitan la gestión de la liquidez de tu Nodo Lightning ayudándote a conseguir liquidez entrante.

    Ya sea para equilibrar el balance de tu canal o para pasar fondos a almacenamiento en frío, te dejamos esta tabla con las comisiones y enlaces de algunos servicios:

    | SWAP OUT | Coinos | MyLoopOutBot | Robosats | Boltz | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UI | Web | Bot Telegram / Tor | Tor / Android | Web | | Fees | 0,1 % | 0,3 % | Swap con otro peer: premium de la oferta + fee minera.
    Recibir onchain directamente de Robosats: Dinámico | 0,5 % | | Enlaces | Classic Coinos | Bot Telegram
    Tor: My Loop Out | Robosats | Boltz |

    Si quieres seguir profundizando te recomendamos este podcast de Lunaticoin con Reckless Satoshi (Robosats) en el que analizan billeteras y herramientas Lightning que puedes utilizar en tu móvil.

    https://youtu.be/SfzmD504jZ4

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
    2024-01-22 19:11:04

    This is just one component of the US Federal Government's hundreds of trillions of dollars in unfunded liabilities. "Gradually then suddenly" comes to mind.

    Government Employee Pensions Are Underfunded. Taxpayers Will Make Up the Difference By Doug French

    Government employees generally have sweeter pension plans compared to private-sector employees, but government pensions are purposely underfunded. No worries for government employees: taxpayers will pick up the slack.

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ e1ff3bfd:341be1af
    2023-12-10 19:28:38

    Ever since the infamous Taproot Wizard 4mb block bitcoiners have been alight, fighting to try and stop inscriptions. Inscriptions are definitely not good for bitcoin, but how bitcoiners are trying to stop them will be far worse than any damage inscriptions could have ever caused.

    Inscriptions work by embedding images or other data into the bitcoin blockchain by using a trick in bitcoin script. They essentially put the data in an unreachable code block followed by the real spending conditions so the user can claim the ordinal/NFT. It is quite an ingenious trick but has broke a lot of the assumptions many bitcoiners were operating under. Previously, the main way to embed data into bitcoin was OP_RETURN, which is basically an op code exactly meant for embedding data but had two problems for the NFT people: it makes coins unspendable and by mempool policy is limited to 80 bytes. Inscriptions has the advantage that their only size limit is the block size and since their data is in the witness, not the output, they benefit from the witness discount, allowing them to embed 4x the data. This broke a lot of bitcoiners assumptions that the theoretical 4mb block would never happen because it'd be silly to have only witness data, however, the NFT people found a way to monetize it. Now this is common place and we've seen tons of inscriptions happen, driving up fees and block sizes.

    Inscriptions are an attack on bitcoin. Inscriptions are not going to kill bitcoin, but none the less, it is an attack. Exploiting a trick in bitcoin script to use the witness discount for embedding data is definitely hurting the network, blocks were never meant to actually reach the theoretical limit and it is a problem that it is happening. Nodes will be more expensive to run and this will hurt decentralization of the network. However, now that it is happening and common place, we cannot stop it.

    In retaliation bitcoiners are proposing ways to "stop" inscription and these will do far worse damage then inscriptions will ever do. Almost every proposal to stop inscriptions boils down to preventing these transactions from getting into the mempool. The mempool is the battle ground of bitcoin transactions and we need to preserve it. The mempool only works if it the premier way to get the highest fee rate transactions to miners. If we lose that guarantee, people will move to centralized systems and we may never get the mempool back. Filtering spam transactions from the mempool will not stop inscriptions, at best it will delay them by a week. The people buying inscriptions are morons, but the people selling them are not, they already have back channel communications with mining pools and if we cut them off from the mempool, then the only pools getting these fees will be the shitcoin aligned pools. This has already happened to many shitcoin networks where their mempool was killed off for one reason or another and now the primary way to broadcast a transaction is through a centralized api. This essentially creates a permissioned network, where even if anyone can run a node, if you don't have access to the transaction broadcasting api, you cannot access bitcoin. We are currently seeing congress try harder and harder to regulate nodes, miners, and wallets as money transmitters and losing the mempool will make this problem 1000x worse. There is also serious security problems without being able to do trustless fee estimation if we lose the mempool, but that is out of scope of this post.

    Further, filtering transactions based on "spam" metrics can lead us down a dark path. The most economical way to transact in bitcoin is not the most private. Today the most popular way to get privacy for your on-chain bitcoin is doing a coinjoin. Coinjoins are not necessarily economic transactions, you are merely spending to yourself along with a bunch of other people. If we set precedent that you have to justify the usefulness of your transaction to not be considered spam, soon people will find a way to exploit this to try and get coinjoins and other privacy techniques excluded from mempools for being spam.

    With all this being said, if bitcoin is going to work, we shouldn't need to care about inscriptions. The promise of bitcoin is a global monetary network backing the entire financial world, if that is overtaken and its primary use case is a NFT trading platform, then bitcoin was doomed to fail in the first place. We have seen many shitcoin bubbles for over the past decade and this one is no different. The shitcoiners will eventually run out of fools to buy their scam and things will go back to normal, but we can't shoot our self in the foot trying to stop things prematurely, when we can just wait them out.

    SaveTheMempool

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me
  • @ 46fcbe30:6bd8ce4d
    2024-01-22 03:08:44

    Opinion about the nostr-opinion-plugin

    yet again a test with positive sentiment

    #WalletScrutiny #NostrComment

    This is a test of the nostr-opinion-plugin

    yakihonne.com iris.to jumble.social Me