@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Embarking on the journey of operating your own Lightning node on the Bitcoin Layer 2 network is more than just a tech-savvy endeavor; it's a step into a realm of financial autonomy and cutting-edge innovation. By running a node, you become a vital part of a revolutionary movement that's reshaping how we think about money and digital transactions. This role not only offers a unique perspective on blockchain technology but also places you at the heart of a community dedicated to decentralization and network resilience. Beyond the technicalities, it's about embracing a new era of digital finance, where you contribute directly to the network's security, efficiency, and growth, all while gaining personal satisfaction and potentially lucrative rewards.

In essence, running your own Lightning node is a powerful way to engage with the forefront of blockchain technology, assert financial independence, and contribute to a more decentralized and efficient Bitcoin network. It's an adventure that offers both personal and communal benefits, from gaining in-depth tech knowledge to earning a place in the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency.

Running your own Lightning node for the Bitcoin Layer 2 network can be an empowering and beneficial endeavor. Here are 10 reasons why you might consider taking on this task:

1. Direct Contribution to Decentralization: Operating a node is a direct action towards decentralizing the Bitcoin network, crucial for its security and resistance to control or censorship by any single entity.

2. Financial Autonomy: Owning a node gives you complete control over your financial transactions on the network, free from reliance on third-party services, which can be subject to fees, restrictions, or outages.

3. Advanced Network Participation: As a node operator, you're not just a passive participant but an active player in shaping the network, influencing its efficiency and scalability through direct involvement.

4. Potential for Higher Revenue: With strategic management and optimal channel funding, your node can become a preferred route for transactions, potentially increasing the routing fees you can earn.

5. Cutting-Edge Technological Engagement: Running a node puts you at the forefront of blockchain and bitcoin technology, offering insights into future developments and innovations.

6. Strengthened Network Security: Each new node adds to the robustness of the Bitcoin network, making it more resilient against attacks and failures, thus contributing to the overall security of the ecosystem.

7. Personalized Fee Structures: You have the flexibility to set your own fee policies, which can balance earning potential with the service you provide to the network.

8. Empowerment Through Knowledge: The process of setting up and managing a node provides deep learning opportunities, empowering you with knowledge that can be applied in various areas of blockchain and fintech.

9. Boosting Transaction Capacity: By running a node, you help to increase the overall capacity of the Lightning Network, enabling more transactions to be processed quickly and at lower costs.

10. Community Leadership and Reputation: As an active node operator, you gain recognition within the Bitcoin community, which can lead to collaborative opportunities and a position of thought leadership in the space.

These reasons demonstrate the impactful and transformative nature of running a Lightning node, appealing to those who are deeply invested in the principles of bitcoin and wish to actively shape its future. Jump aboard, and embrace the journey toward full independence. 🐶🐾🫡🚀🚀🚀

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Chef's notes

Serving these two dishes together will create a delightful centerpiece for your Thanksgiving meal, offering a perfect blend of traditional flavors with a homemade touch.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 - 2 hours
• 🍽️ Servings: 4-6

Ingredients

• 1 whole turkey (about 12-14 lbs), thawed and ready to cook
• 1 cup unsalted butter, softened
• 2 tablespoons fresh thyme, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh rosemary, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh sage, chopped
• Salt and freshly ground black pepper
• 1 onion, quartered
• 1 lemon, halved
• 2-3 cloves of garlic
• Apple and Sage Stuffing
• 1 loaf of crusty bread, cut into cubes
• 2 apples, cored and chopped
• 1 onion, diced
• 2 stalks celery, diced
• 3 cloves garlic, minced
• 1/4 cup fresh sage, chopped
• 1/2 cup unsalted butter
• 2 cups chicken broth
• Salt and pepper, to taste

Directions

1. Preheat the Oven: Set your oven to 325°F (165°C).
2. Prepare the Herb Butter: Mix the softened butter with the chopped thyme, rosemary, and sage. Season with salt and pepper.
3. Prepare the Turkey: Remove any giblets from the turkey and pat it dry. Loosen the skin and spread a generous amount of herb butter under and over the skin.
4. Add Aromatics: Inside the turkey cavity, place the quartered onion, lemon halves, and garlic cloves.
5. Roast: Place the turkey in a roasting pan. Tent with aluminum foil and roast. A general guideline is about 15 minutes per pound, or until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C) at the thickest part of the thigh.
6. Rest and Serve: Let the turkey rest for at least 20 minutes before carving.
7. Next: Apple and Sage Stuffing
8. Dry the Bread: Spread the bread cubes on a baking sheet and let them dry overnight, or toast them in the oven.
9. Cook the Vegetables: In a large skillet, melt the butter and cook the onion, celery, and garlic until soft.
10. Combine Ingredients: Add the apples, sage, and bread cubes to the skillet. Stir in the chicken broth until the mixture is moist. Season with salt and pepper.
11. Bake: Transfer the stuffing to a baking dish and bake at 350°F (175°C) for about 30-40 minutes, until golden brown on top.

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Testing a brand new YakiHonne native client for iOS. Smooth as butter (not penis butter 🤣🍆🧈) with great visual experience and intuitive navigation. Amazing work by the team behind it! * lists * work

Bold text work!

Images could have used nostr.build instead of raw S3 from us-east-1 region.

Very impressive! You can even save the draft and continue later, before posting the long-form note!

🐶🐾🤯🤯🤯🫂💜

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

As the title states, scratch behind my ear and you get it. 🐶🐾🫡

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Test Bounty Note

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Intro

This short tutorial will help you set up your own Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) on your own LND Node that is not using Umbrel. If you are a user of Umbrel, you should use their version of NWC.

Requirements

You need to have a working installation of LND with established channels and connectivity to the internet. NWC in itself is fairly light and will not consume a lot of resources. You will also want to ensure that you have a working installation of Docker, since we will use a docker image to run NWC.

• Working installation of LND (and all of its required components)
• Docker (with Docker compose)

Installation

For the purpose of this tutorial, we will assume that you have your lnd/bitcoind running under user bitcoin with home directory /home/bitcoin. We will also assume that you already have a running installation of Docker (or docker.io).

Prepare and verify

git version - we will need git to get the latest version of NWC. docker version - should execute successfully and show the currently installed version of Docker. docker compose version - same as before, but the version will be different. ss -tupln | grep 10009- should produce the following output: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 0.0.0.0:10009 0.0.0.0: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 [::]:10009 [::]:**

For things to work correctly, your Docker should be version 20.10.0 or later. If you have an older version, consider installing a new one using instructions here: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

Create folders & download NWC

In the home directory of your LND/bitcoind user, create a new folder, e.g., "nwc" mkdir /home/bitcoin/nwc. Change to that directory cd /home/bitcoin/nwc and clone the NWC repository: git clone https://github.com/getAlby/nostr-wallet-connect.git

Creating the Docker image

In this step, we will create a Docker image that you will use to run NWC.

• Change directory to nostr-wallet-connect: cd nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• The last line of the output (after a few minutes) should look like => => naming to docker.io/library/nwc:latest
• nwc:latest is the name of the Docker image with a tag which you should note for use later.

Creating docker-compose.yml and necessary data directories

• Let's create a directory that will hold your non-volatile data (DB): mkdir data
• Indocker-compose.ymlfile, there are fields that you want to replace (<> comments) and port “4321” that you want to make sure is open (check with ss -tupln | grep 4321which should return nothing).
• Create docker-compose.ymlfile with the following content, and make sure to update fields that have <> comment:

version: "3.8" services: nwc: image: nwc:latest volumes: - ./data:/data - ~/.lnd:/lnd:ro ports: - "4321:8080" extra_hosts: - "localhost:host-gateway" environment: NOSTR_PRIVKEY: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate a fresh key and place it inside ""> LN_BACKEND_TYPE: "LND" LND_ADDRESS: localhost:10009 LND_CERT_FILE: "/lnd/tls.cert" LND_MACAROON_FILE: "/lnd/data/chain/bitcoin/mainnet/admin.macaroon" DATABASE_URI: "/data/nostr-wallet-connect.db" COOKIE_SECRET: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate fresh secret and place it inside ""> PORT: 8080 restart: always stop_grace_period: 1m

Starting and testing

Now that you have everything ready, it is time to start the container and test.

• While you are in the nwcdirectory (important), execute the following command and check the log output, docker compose up
• You should see container logs while it is starting, and it should not exit if everything went well.
• At this point, you should be able to go to http://<ip of the host where nwc is running>:4321 and get to the interface of NWC
• To stop the test run of NWC, simply press Ctrl-C , and it will shut the container down.
• To start NWC permanently, you should execute docker compose up -d , “-d” tells Docker to detach from the session.
• To check currently running NWC logs, execute docker compose logs to run it in tail mode add -f to the end.
• To stop the container, execute docker compose down

That's all, just follow the instructions in the web interface to get started.

Updating

As with any software, you should expect fixes and updates that you would need to perform periodically. You could automate this, but it falls outside of the scope of this tutorial. Since we already have all of the necessary configuration in place, the update execution is fairly simple.

• Change directory to the clone of the git repository, cd /home/bitcoin/nwc/nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• Change directory back one level cd ..
• Restart (stop and start) the docker compose config docker compose down && docker compose up -d
• Done! Optionally you may want to check the logs: docker compose logs

@ 1ad8f5d3:bb624486

Likes and views are great, but how about earning some money?

If you're someone who values your time and effort, you might be curious about the buzz surrounding the new NOSTR web and how everyone is getting paid on it. So, what exactly is NOSTR?

What is NOSTR?

NOSTR is revolutionizing the way we interact online. It offers content creators, curators, and even commenters with an easy way to earn real bitcoin for their contributions, while simplifying the content-sharing process. NOSTR is a communication protocol that enables modern social media apps to provide users with a seamless multi-app experience, where content only needs to be posted once to be viewed anywhere.

Say goodbye to the hassle of updating profiles and reposting content across multiple accounts, managing various comment sections, and juggling multiple inboxes. NOSTR unifies everything, allowing you to switch between different apps without losing followers or posts. The best part? The bitcoin rewards incentivize higher quality content, transforming social media into an unparalleled experience where a casual poster can evolve into an article author or a meme maker into a marketing guru.

How do I connect to NOSTR?

For a quick start with NOSTR try Alby. 1) Open the Firefox browser. 2) Add-on the Alby browser extension. 3) Set a passcode for unlocking.
4) Connect your Alby account or connect your own wallet.

You're ready to start! Alby has generated a NOSTR identity for you. If you've used NOSTR before, you might already have an identity. To continue using it, simply import the identity's private key (npriv) into the browser extension.

Here's how:

1. Go to wallet settings -> key management -> NOSTR settings.
2. Choose to delete, keep, or import your npriv.

You can install the extension on multiple devices, such as your desktop, laptop, and mobile. After installing, check the NOSTR settings to ensure you're using the same identity across all devices. You could also install mobile nostr apps like Amethyst, Primal & Damus.

Where do I begin with NOSTR?

1. Set Up Your NOSTR Profile.

• Open a NOSTR Client: Start by opening a NOSTR client in your browser, such as noStrudel, and log in using your browser extension.
• Edit Your Profile: Navigate to your profile and find the edit button. Here, you can input your Display Name, Profile Picture, Bio, and add your lightning address.
• Lightning Address: If you're using an Alby account, your lightning address can be found in the browser extension (e.g. orangemart@getalby.com). Alternative lightning address providers include Blink, Coinos, WoS, ZBD and more. If you run your own node then your address could be yourname@yourdomain.

2. Make Your First Post.

In this step, we'll use a different NOSTR web client, such as Snort.

1. Sign In: Sign in with your browser extension.
2. Profile Information: You'll notice that all the profile information you updated in the previous step with the other client is already set up here. This seamless transfer of information is one of the advantages of using NOSTR.
3. Make Your First Post: Let's make our first post using Snort.
4. Switch Clients: After posting, switch to another NOSTR client to view your post. This exercise will help you understand how to navigate and interact with the new web.

Why Post to NOSTR?

Posting your content to NOSTR is worth your time for many reasons:

1. Uncensorable: NOSTR supports an unlimited number of clients and servers (including self-hosted), ensuring your content is always accessible to your followers.
2. Innovative: NOSTR's open and competitive environment constantly brings new and innovative ways for your audience to discover and enjoy your content.
3. Monetizable: From the first view, you can earn bitcoin for your content without any gatekeeping or advertisers.

What can I do on NOSTR?

• Broadcast a livestream with zap.stream.
• Author an article with habla.news.
• Discover and share insights with highlighter.com.
• Host images, gifs, music and videos with nostr.build.
• Start a discussion forum with satellite.earth and host files with Satellite's media CDN.
• Socialise with coracle.social and snort.social.
• Share a video with flare.pub.
• Host a voice chat room with nostrnests.com.
• Curate lists with pinstr.app.
• Sell stuff with shopstr.store and plebeian.market.
• Collaborate and produce music with Stemstr.app.
• Contribute cooking recipes to zap.cooking.
• Create emoji sets with emojito.meme.
• Share files with dtan.xyz
• View and manage all your nostr activity and discover new tools with nostrudel.ninja.
• and so much more for you to discover!

Conclusion

NOSTR is a protocol for communicating across the web. NOSTR features native "zapping", which enables little bits of Bitcoin to flow between users. Your identity is controlled by you, not any one platform. With one identity, you can connect to an ever-growing number of apps.

Get started on NOSTR today with Alby and if you appreciate this post then consider zapping some sats our way.

@ 4c96d763:80c3ee30

Here's a quick script for generating git shortlog longform notes on git push. It currently powers the Damus Code nostr account:

Let's say you are hosting a bare git repository on a server at git/project. You can add a post-receive hook that generates a longform note when you push to the server:

In server:git/project/hooks/post-receive:

```bash

!/usr/bin/env bash

commit_body="" last="" project="my-project" # update this with your project name sec="abcdef..." # update this with your secret key branch="master"

while read oldrev newrev refname; do branch=$refname last=$newrev relays="wss://relay.damus.io wss://nos.lol" commit_body=$(git shortlog $oldrev..$newrev | awk -f /home/user/markdown-shortlog.awk) done

if [[ $branch == "refs/heads/master" ]]; then

nostril --content "# Changes

$commit_body" \ --envelope \ --kind 30023 \ --tag title "$project" \ --tag summary "Latest codebase changes to $project" \ --tag t gitlog \ --sec $sec \ | nostcat --connect-timeout 1000 $relays fi ```

you'll need nostril, nostcat, and markdown-shortlog.awk:

```awk /^[^ ]/ { if (author) { print "" } author = $0 print "## " author }

/^ / { print "-" substr($0, 6) } ```

Now when you push, it will generate a longform note that looks something like this:

Example

William Casarin (10):

• fix warnings
• readme: add usage
• textmode: fix coloring of abbreviated names
• profiling: update puffin version
• refactor: move note into its own widget
• refactor: rename widgets to ui
• ui: simplify note widget
• get all missing ids from all timelines
• initial inline note previews
• fix until filters

kernelkind (6):

• Add custom visual themes
• Add modular custom text styles
• Apply app style to AccountLoginView
• Add MobileAccountLoginView
• Refactor 'ui tests' conception to previews
• Use custom style in app

@ a05aae4b:a2478ee9

test post

• this

is a test post

cool story bro

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

The main reason you struggle to stop something you "know" is bad for you, or to continue something you "know" is good for you, is because you don't actually know. True knowledge goes beyond hearing it once, reading it somewhere, or being told it’s good or bad.

I used to be a sucker for sweet things. Luckily, my mom limited my access to sugary snacks when I was young. But as I grew older, I made up for lost time, indulging in sweets, particularly Japanese sodas. In England, I snacked on English sweets all the time. Oh, and those energy drink sodas called Lucozade—I was a complete sucker for them. I had so many that I ended up winning a Lucozade hoodie. Yeah I know, it was bad!

Even then, as an athlete, I thought, "I know it's bad for me, but I work out all the time, so it balances out, right?" Wrong!

Fast forward almost a decade, and I’m much fitter, stronger, and healthier than I was at 18. The difference? I took the time to learn, apply, and understand the actual knowledge about things labeled as good or bad for you. With sugar, once I understood what it is and why it could harm my body and brain, it was easier to lay off it. Now, I only eat sweets knowing the potential cons or I might consume sugar when I need immediate energy or to replenish my glycogen stores.

This approach applies to carbs as well, since sugars are a form of carbohydrate. Carbs consist of glucose, a monosaccharide that our body uses for energy. Sucrose, or table sugar, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Glucose can be used immediately for energy but can cause harm if it stays in the bloodstream too long. High blood sugar levels can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes. Table sugar is often considered worse because fructose can only be metabolized by the liver, potentially causing issues like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Given our high sugar consumption today, it's easy to overdo it. Understanding why sugar is bad has turned me off from drinking soda completely, and I probably won't touch one again.

The same principle applies to maintaining good habits. You need to understand why something is good for you to find purpose and direction. I heard cold showers were beneficial, so I tried them. But without understanding their benefits, I lacked consistency. Once I learned and understood their purpose, I became consistent. Now, my body and brain know the benefits, urging me to take cold showers.

If you struggle to quit a bad habit or maintain a good one, it's because you just don't know. You might think you know it’s good or bad for you, but in reality you don't truly understand and that ultimately shows in your inability to stay consistent.

The great news though is that if I can do it, then absolutely so can you, and you, and even you! Choose one thing that you've been struggling to quit or wanting to start, and take the time to learn about it. The reason why Stackers are consistent with stacking sats is because we've all done our due diligence to learn about Bitcoin, about the fiat system, and about all the other subjects that we come across in the rabbit hole journey. Same goes with developing healthy habits and kicking bad ones to the curb for good, we have to know exactly why we are doing it.

Knowledge is power.

@ 75bf2353:e1bfa895

Also Available in Audio

I bought belt from LeatherMint and liked it so much, I decided to write a testimonial. This is a value 4 value testimonial, not a paid ad. I’ve always been suspicious about ads. I know rhetorical tools like ethos are a super-duper effective form of persuasion, but I’ve always found it suspicious. I understand Michael Jordan was the GOAT basketball player. If Jordan has advice for becoming a better basketball player, you should listen to him, but his ability to pick underwear might not be a slam dunk.

Even if someone paid me to tell you camel hair underwear is the most comfortable underwear on the planet, I wouldn't want to write a testimonial about it. I am shilling LeatherMint’s belts because they are low time preference accessories.

I needed a good belt. I'm a bitcoiner and we're cheapskate's. We don't like to spend our precious sats. I keep my underwear until it has more holes than the moon. That's why I need a good belt. I know privacy is not a popular right these days, but I don't want my pants to fall because I don't expose my holy underwear to the world. Privacy is a human right. I use my belt to protect my privacy.

The belt is custom made to fit my waist. If you're not sure about your belt size, his guide explains how to find it easy-peasy style. He even makes half-sizes. Maybe you learn this if you shop at Nordstrom's or something, but I never knew how to choose a belt size. Most belts I buy have a range of sizes like 34-36, but not my belt from LeatherMint. It's made just for me.

The buffalo leather is smooth and sturdy. Many belts I've owned flap around and stretch out. Not this one. The brass hardware looks better than the crap metal and stitches on my old belt. For the record, I may know a lot about bitcoin, but my fashion sense is abysmal. I've always bought belts that were too long and didn't fit right. Maybe that's why my other belts flapped around like that. Regardless, this belt was 4 times more expensive than my old belt, but it was worth every sat. I think it will last longer than a store bought belt. Besides, the Bitcoin And Podcast discount was was also too sexy to resist.

I bought my last belt from J.C. Penny's for $25.00 on Black Friday. It can best be described as black, flimsy, and cheap. According to the words stamped on the leather: "hecho in India." It's branded with the Levi's jeans logo. Levi's was my favorite brand of jeans in the 80's. Founded in San Fransisco in the midst of the gold rush. They sold low-time preference clothes at a time when people panned for low time preference money. Levi's were made in America and rugged. I used to care about that, but almost nothing but arrests are made in the US these days. Back in the day, they had commercials that said, "buy American and American's work." Fast food is just abput the only thing the US still makes.

This belt was made in Canada, but as far as I'm concerned, it was made by a ₿itcoiner. Buy from a ₿itcoiner and ₿itcoiners work. LeatherMint put his proof of work into this belt and it shows.

Most clothes, like fiat money, are not built to last anymore. It's difficult to build a long lasting wardrobe in a world of fast fashion, but bitcoin fixes this. It makes you think twice about spending money on clothes you'll need to replace in less than a year and it seems like LeatherMint makes belts that are built to last.

Proof of Respect

proof of respect

The belt shipped to my PO box in a black box with a proof of respect card with a QR code on the back. I assumed it was a reciept, but I was wrong. It's a bitcoin address. People send bitcoin to this address as a tip.

According to LeatherMint, "There's a respect vibe to leather. And respect goes both side. I feel it from my clients and I try to show them too.

And yeah respect is important to me. Before money I think my real goal is gaining respect from the Bitcoin community. Money will flow from there."

I never thought much about this before, but it makes sense. It's simmilar to the importance of reputation the cypherpunks emphasized decades ago. Belts should be respected because it cost the life of a buffalo. Great care and craftsmanship went into making this belt. I can see how respect is required in leatherwork. LeatherMint puts his proof of work into his craft. You won't be sorry for buying one of his belts.

Clothes made under the fiat standard are not built to last anymore. It's difficult to build a long lasting wardrobe in a world of fast fashion, but bitcoin fixes this. It makes you think twice about spending money on clothes you'll need to replace before they see 52,000 blocks and LeatherMint makes low time preference belts that are built to last.

If you want a belt that

• Fits properly
• Built to last
• Made with high quality materials

Buy a badass belt from LeatherMint

₿logging ₿itcoin [841,975](https://timechaincalendar.com/en/block/841975 debtclock

🧡 Support this blog by using the Value 4 Value model.

Follow Me on Nostr

⚡[Zap This!(10% Goes To OpenSats)]https://nosl.ink/tadiqmv-)

🍐Join my Keet Room

📻 Stream sats

❓Send a Boostagram

🛒Shop The Elliptic Curve Economy

@ 0271e1b9:ad8cff90

Separating money from state is the single most effective way to stop all wars from happening, everywhere, and that is something we can all actively participate in, right now.

Yelling at a problem won’t make it go away.

Some lessons and notable quotes from history: Source: "Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic" Britannica article

“It is no coincidence that the century of total war coincided with the century of central banking.”

― Ron Paul

“It is the ability of governments to acquire money without direct taxation that makes modern warfare possible, and a central bank has become the preferred method of accomplishing that.”

― G. Edward Griffin

“The government created the national banking system during the Civil War.”

― Michael D. Bordo ("A Brief History of Central Banks," published on the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland website, 2007)

“Why did nations start central banks? To finance the materiel needs of the nation-state in time of war.”

― Brian Domitrovic (“Central Banking's Connection To Warfare Is Intimate,” published on Forbes, 2018)

“War... is harmful, not only to the conquered but to the conqueror.”

― Ludwig von Mises

“War is a profitable venture for the banking elite, as it allows them to finance both sides and profit from increased debt.”

― G. Edward Griffin (“The Creature From Jekyll Island,” 1994)

“Again, coinage saw its greatest debasement during times of war and uncertainty.”

― “Roman currency” Wikipedia article

“Nobody should have money but I, so that I may bestow it upon the soldiers."

― Caracalla (the Roman Emperor from 198 to 217 A.D., who raised his soldiers' pay by 50%, doubled the inheritance tax, admitted almost every inhabitant of the empire to Roman citizenship (for tax collection purposes, of course) and subsequently resorted to debasing both the silver and gold coins). Sources: Jeff Desjardins (“Currency and the Collapse of the Roman Empire,” The Money Project), “Caracalla” Wikipedia article

“To defeat the aggressors is not enough to make peace durable. The main thing is to discard the ideology that generates war.”

― Ludwig von Mises

“It’s a great business to be in - central banking. We print money and people believe it.”

― Adrian Orr (Governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, February 2024)

“Politics can affect things temporarily and locally, but technology is what drives things forward globally and permanently.” ― Lyn Alden (“Broken Money,” 2023)

Source: New York Tribune, December 4, 1921

“The essential evil of gold in its relation to war is the fact that it can be controlled. Break the control and you stop war."

― Henry Ford

Study the history of money. Study Bitcoin.

Also, don’t buy government bonds, t-bills, t-notes or any other type of government debt, no matter what your financial advisor or favorite macroeconomics guru is telling you. It’s just another way of feeding the same beast.

And what we need to do is starve the beast.

This is just one of the many reasons why “separation of money and state” is such a critical issue at this point in history.

Stay safe and stay sane, my friends. Don’t succumb to the hate. ☮️ & ❤️, Kontext

///

May 29, 2024, published at block height 845,667

Edited May 31, 2024: added the New York Tribune headline + Henry Ford quote

@ b12b632c:d9e1ff79

One other day on Nostr, one other app!

Today I'll present you a new self-hosted Nostr blog web application recently released on github by dtonon, Oracolo:

https://github.com/dtonon/oracolo

Oracolo is a minimalist blog powered by Nostr, that consists of a single html file, weighing only ~140Kb. You can use whatever Nostr client that supports long format (habla.news, yakihonne, highlighter.com, etc ) to write your posts, and your personal blog is automatically updated.
It works also without a web server; for example you can send it via email as a business card.

Oracolo fetches Nostr data, builds the page, execute the JavaScript code and displays article on clean and sobr blog (a Dark theme would be awesome 👀).

Blog articles are nostr events you published or will publish on Nostr relays through long notes applications like the ones quoted above.

• habla.news
• yakihonne
• highlighter.com

Don't forget to use a NIP07 web browser extensions to login on those websites. Old time where we were forced to fill our nsec key is nearly over!

For the hurry ones of you, you can find here the Oracolo demo with my Nostr long notes article. It will include this one when I'll publish it on Nostr!

https://oracolo.fractalized.net/

How to self-host Oracolo?

You can build the application locally or use a docker compose stack to run it (or any other method). I just build a docker compose stack with Traefik and an Oracolo docker image to let you quickly run it.

The oracolo-docker github repo is available here:

https://github.com/PastaGringo/oracolo-docker

PS: don't freak out about the commits number, oracolo has been the lucky one to let me practrice docker image CI/CD build/push with Forgejo, that went well but it took me a while before finding how to make Forgejo runner dood work 😆). Please ping me on Nostr if you are interested by an article on this topic!

This repo is a mirror from my new Forgejo git instance where the code has been originaly published and will be updated if needed (I think it will):

https://git.fractalized.net/PastaGringo/oracolo-docker

Here is how to do it.

1) First, you need to create an A DNS record into your domain.tld zone. You can create a A with "oracolo" .domain.tld or "*" .domain.tld. The second one will allow traefik to generate all the future subdomain.domain.tld without having to create them in advance. You can verify DNS records with the website https://dnschecker.org.

2) Clone the oracolo-docker repository:

bash git clone https://git.fractalized.net/PastaGringo/oracolo-docker.git cd oracolo-docker

3) Rename the .env.example file:

bash mv .env.example .env

4) Modify and update your .env file with your own infos:

```bash

Let's Encrypt email used to generate the SSL certificate

LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=

domain for oracolo. Ex: oracolo.fractalized.net

ORACOLO_DOMAIN=

Npub author at "npub" format, not HEX.

NPUB=

Relays where Oracolo will retrieve the Nostr events.

Ex: "wss://nostr.fractalized.net, wss://rnostr.fractalized.net"

RELAYS=

Number of blog article with an thumbnail. Ex: 4

TOP_NOTES_NB= ```

5) Compose Oracolo:

bash docker compose up -d && docker compose logs -f oracolo traefik

bash [+] Running 2/0 ✔ Container traefik Running 0.0s ✔ Container oracolo Running 0.0s WARN[0000] /home/pastadmin/DEV/FORGEJO/PLAY/oracolo-docker/docker-compose.yml: `version` is obsolete traefik | 2024-05-28T19:24:18Z INF Traefik version 3.0.0 built on 2024-04-29T14:25:59Z version=3.0.0 oracolo | oracolo | ___ ____ ____ __ ___ _ ___ oracolo | / \ | \ / | / ] / \ | | / \ oracolo | | || D )| o | / / | || | | | oracolo | | O || / | |/ / | O || |___ | O | oracolo | | || \ | _ / \_ | || || | oracolo | | || . \| | \ || || || | oracolo | \___/ |__|\_||__|__|\____| \___/ |_____| \___/ oracolo | oracolo | Oracolo dtonon's repo: https://github.com/dtonon/oracolo oracolo | oracolo | ╭────────────────────────────╮ oracolo | │ Docker Compose Env Vars ⤵️ │ oracolo | ╰────────────────────────────╯ oracolo | oracolo | NPUB : npub1ky4kxtyg0uxgw8g5p5mmedh8c8s6sqny6zmaaqj44gv4rk0plaus3m4fd2 oracolo | RELAYS : wss://nostr.fractalized.net, wss://rnostr.fractalized.net oracolo | TOP_NOTES_NB : 4 oracolo | oracolo | ╭───────────────────────────╮ oracolo | │ Configuring Oracolo... ⤵️ │ oracolo | ╰───────────────────────────╯ oracolo | oracolo | > Updating npub key with npub1ky4kxtyg0uxgw8g5p5mmedh8c8s6sqny6zmaaqj44gv4rk0plaus3m4fd2... ✅ oracolo | > Updating nostr relays with wss://nostr.fractalized.net, wss://rnostr.fractalized.net... ✅ oracolo | > Updating TOP_NOTE with value 4... ✅ oracolo | oracolo | ╭───────────────────────╮ oracolo | │ Installing Oracolo ⤵️ │ oracolo | ╰───────────────────────╯ oracolo | oracolo | added 122 packages, and audited 123 packages in 8s oracolo | oracolo | 20 packages are looking for funding oracolo | run `npm fund` for details oracolo | oracolo | found 0 vulnerabilities oracolo | npm notice oracolo | npm notice New minor version of npm available! 10.7.0 -> 10.8.0 oracolo | npm notice Changelog: https://github.com/npm/cli/releases/tag/v10.8.0 oracolo | npm notice To update run: npm install -g npm@10.8.0 oracolo | npm notice oracolo | oracolo | >>> done ✅ oracolo | oracolo | ╭─────────────────────╮ oracolo | │ Building Oracolo ⤵️ │ oracolo | ╰─────────────────────╯ oracolo | oracolo | > oracolo@0.0.0 build oracolo | > vite build oracolo | oracolo | 7:32:49 PM [vite-plugin-svelte] WARNING: The following packages have a svelte field in their package.json but no exports condition for svelte. oracolo | oracolo | @splidejs/svelte-splide@0.2.9 oracolo | @splidejs/splide@4.1.4 oracolo | oracolo | Please see https://github.com/sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte/blob/main/docs/faq.md#missing-exports-condition for details. oracolo | vite v5.2.11 building for production... oracolo | transforming... oracolo | ✓ 84 modules transformed. oracolo | rendering chunks... oracolo | oracolo | oracolo | Inlining: index-C6McxHm7.js oracolo | Inlining: style-DubfL5gy.css oracolo | computing gzip size... oracolo | dist/index.html 233.15 kB │ gzip: 82.41 kB oracolo | ✓ built in 7.08s oracolo | oracolo | >>> done ✅ oracolo | oracolo | > Copying Oracolo built index.html to nginx usr/share/nginx/html... ✅ oracolo | oracolo | ╭────────────────────────╮ oracolo | │ Configuring Nginx... ⤵️ │ oracolo | ╰────────────────────────╯ oracolo | oracolo | > Copying default nginx.conf file... ✅ oracolo | oracolo | ╭──────────────────────╮ oracolo | │ Starting Nginx... 🚀 │ oracolo | ╰──────────────────────╯ oracolo |

If you don't have any issue with the Traefik container, Oracolo should be live! 🔥

You can now access it by going to the ORACOLO_DOMAIN URL configured into the .env file.

Have a good day!

Don't hesisate to follow dtonon on Nostr to follow-up the future updates ⚡🔥

See you soon in another Fractalized story!
PastaGringo 🤖⚡

@ 80482e60:7cb71b78

Backlink to Part 5

El Tunco is dense enough that you can walk into every single restaurant, bar and shop and ask if they accept Bitcoin. Not all do, but there are enough to exclusively live on Bitcoin for one out of four days you are staying here, assuming you don't always want to eat the same things. There might have been far more places accepting Bitcoin at some point, judging from the "Acceptamos Bitcoin" stickers all around.

The absence of a local Bitcoin community becomes more notable. There is nobody here who can help local businesses use Bitcoin to their advantage. But the absence of such a community also gives the impression that Bitcoin adoption is a lot more organic, and there is a very high diversity of apps and services that businesses are using. Blink, which is the number one app in Berlin and El Zonte, is completely absent in El Tunco.

🐷 El Tunco: 🛏️ My hotel takes Bitcoin, but only in person, and only at the reception. So when paying at the adjacent bar and restaurant with its beautiful ocean view, the waiter has to print the bill and walk with me across the courtyard to the hotel reception, where I wait almost 10 minutes for the receptionist to find the tablet they use to process payments. They're using PaySea, and I encountered them in El Tunco before, but never anywhere else.

🥗 For my first dinner I head out to a restaurant serving salads, falafels and tacos. The staff seem a bit hesitant when I ask about Bitcoin, but eventually agree that yes, they take it. They're using Strike as a payment processor, but instead of using the checkout system, they are using the app, and are asking me for my help with requesting the payment.

🥤There are about four convenience stores in El Tunco, and one of them takes Bitcoin through the Chivo app. They are also a bit hesitant at first about whether they really want to accept it, but with some guidance we swiftly process the payment. The owner opts to convert the balance to USD and the next time I buy something here, he knows what to do.

👜Of the plenty souvenir stalls, only two accept Bitcoin payments. If we agree that Bitcoin serves largely as the payment method of choice for foreign tourists and surfers, this may make sense. I buy from one of these vendors, and they accept payments through Chivo and opt to convert the payment to USD.

🥡There's a local food court that seems very appealing. There are maybe 10 shops serving food here in total, and more than half of them have some indication they accept Bitcoin. Only two restaurants do, and one of these does not have a sign. The signs are primarily from Strike, and if you don't know that Strike is a Bitcoin/Lightning payment processor, you wouldn't be able to tell from the sign that you can pay with Lightning here.

🥯 I have a bagel at Point Break Cafe at the food court, where they confidently know how to use the Strike checkout to process my payment. From here, I can also see the Chivo ATM.

💸There are two Bitcoin ATMs in town, and both can both accept and dispense dollars. One machine is a General Bytes BATMThree from an unknown operator, and the machine is out of service. The other is a Genesis Coin Satoshi1 operated by Chivo. As I sit in the cafe, three people are using the ATM, all seemingly cashing. Chivo also seems to have an employee on standby, and I wonder what issues they typically have to help with. During my day here onchain fees dip to below 20 sat/vB, so I head over and buy $120 used dollar bills with nonsequential serial numbers (only invest in fiat currency what you can afford to lose!). To do that, I have to use the phone number of a friend. I make the onchain payment from my Muun wallet, and while for about two minutes nothing happens, to my surprise I'm given the cash right away, without waiting for confirmations. I do wonder how that works and how easy it would be for somebody to double-spend the transaction. The people in front of me did appear to have to wait for their onchain confirmations, as they all made two trips to the machine. One to deposit sats, another to retrieve the cash. Chivo's rate is incredibly competitive. I pay a 40 bip fee, far less than what I assume you would pay at any of the four bank ATMs in town. Even my onchain transaction only cost me 3000 sat (US$2.1), far below the typical bank ATM withdrawal fee. If you have access to an El Salvadorian number, maybe you can sign up for the Chivo wallet yourself, then you can deposit your sats over the Lightning network and withdraw instantly from the Chivo ATM. The rate is likely subsidized, but for the moment withdrawing cash from Chivo machines in El Salvador is far superior over using your bank card, and in my case did not take any longer. In the long run, what rates will the market converge to?

🥟There's a hip Asian fusion place nearby that I try out for dinner. They use Strike to process payments and know what they are doing. I may be eating too much on this trip, and I also notice how difficult it is in El Tunco to find the typical local foods that were so ubiquitous in Berlin. In El Tunco, everything is either branded as "American", "Healthy" of "Fusion", and most of all, it has to be hip.

🥞 There's one prominent papusa stand in El Tunco, and sadly I did not get to go. But as I walk past I do see two tourists settling their bill over Bitcoin.

💳 The only time a fiat payment had to be made since I left San Salvador was at a local restaurant that advertised Bitcoin payments at the door (through PaySea), but wasn't willing to accept it when it came to settling the bill. Luckily a friend was with me who could handle the blasphemous act of paying with card.

🍻 Michela is a small local bar that is very popular with foreign young tourists. They were the only business I encountered using Athena Pay, which has this odd "onchain," "lightning," "Chivo" or "Strike" prompt, as if these were four different payment methods. As a Lightning "maximalist" I found this unnecessary, and the staff found this very confusing. They also impose a minimum $5 spend when paying with Bitcoin, which they probably inherit from their card payments. When I passed it around 9pm, it was the only busy place in El Tunco, full of young foreign surfers and travellers. I don't think any of them paid with Bitcoin, though.

🌴 Sunzal: On the eastern bank of the small river demarking El Tunco lies Sunzal. On my previous visits it was not easily possible to cross over, but now the river has been artificially backed up and you can cross on dry foot via a sand dam. Walking along the beach is beautiful but also exhausting, even when the sun is low. Sunzal consits of a couple of walled beach resorts, but for the most part you walk past undeveloped land with cows and horses grazing right by the beach. Quite obviously there is enormous growth potential in this beach town, but unlike in El Tunco, there appears to be no construction here.

🌊 The Cafe Sunzal isn't quite a cafe, it's a full scale high-end restaurant with multiple floors that each have a magnificent view over the pacific, El Tunco and all the way to La Libertad. It's a great place to watch the surfers ride into the sunset. The place was last verified on BTCMap as accepting Bitcoin in November 2022, around the time of the second Adopting Bitcoin conference. I try my luck, and am informed by staff that they do not take Bitcoin. However upon paying, the card payment does not go through so I'm asked to come to the counter, where I ask about Bitcoin again and successfully make my payment through Chivo.

🗞️On the road between Sunzal and El Tunco are a couple of Ditobanx advertisments. I encountered the Ditobanx app once on my trip, but it has been pitched to me as a great local debit card that can handle Lightning deposits and withdrawals. The advertisment seems to focus on the Mastercard partnership, hinting that providing you access to debit cards may be more of a selling point than providing access to the Lightning Network.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

The Bank of International Settlements' Group of Central Bank Governors and Heads of Supervision (GHOS) has approved a worldwide benchmark for banks' exposure to crypto assets (BIS). According to the formal notification made on December 16th, the regulation, which caps banks' crypto reserves at 2%, must be enforced on January 1, 2025.

Named "prudential treatment of crypto asset exposures," the report introduces the final standard structure for banks regarding exposure to digital assets such as tokenized traditional assets, stablecoins, and unbacked cryptocurrencies, as well as feedback from stakeholders gathered in a consultation that began in June. The study will be included as a new section in the revised Basel Framework, according to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.

However, recent events have highlighted "the significance of establishing a solid minimum framework for globally operating banks to reduce risks," as the BIS has noted in its statement. Furthermore, it read as follows:

Conservative prudential treatment will be applied to unbacked crypto assets and stablecoins with inefficient stabilization methods. Financial stability can be maintained with responsible innovation thanks to the standard's provision of a worldwide regulatory framework for globally active institutions' exposures to crypto assets.

Find out more about CBDCs by reading this related article! The interest of central banks in digital currency

Basel Committee Chairman and Bank of Spain Governor Pablo Hernández de Cos made the following observation on the standard:

The Committee's crypto asset standard demonstrates our dedication, desire, and capacity to act in a coordinated, global fashion to address new threats to the financial system. Following today's approval by GHOS, the Committee's work plan for 2023–24 will focus on significantly enhancing global banking regulation, supervision, and practices. It pays special attention to "emerging risks," "digitization," "climate-related financial concerns," and "monitoring and executing Basel III."

After a month-long testing phase that permitted cross-border transactions worth $22 million, the BIS revealed the findings of its multi-jurisdictional central bank digital currency (CBDC) trial in September. Twenty commercial banks from Hong Kong, Thailand, China, and the UAE participated in the pilot initiative with their respective central banks. An estimated 90% of central banks are contemplating adopting CBDCs, according to BIS research issued in June.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is positive that central banks have decided to establish regulations on the level of cryptocurrency exposure that financial institutions are allowed to have. Central banks need to take an active role in regulating the fast-changing world of cryptocurrency to protect consumers and keep the financial system stable.

FAQs

Does the central banking system currently back cryptocurrency? The electronic funds transfer system incorporates several different payment methods into one card, such as a credit card, debit card, phone card, and ID card. If a bitcoin block lacks a transaction history, it is not genuine. At the moment, cryptocurrency has the support of the central bank.

What is central bank crypto? Can you explain what a CBDC, or digital currency issued by a central bank, is? A "central bank digital currency" (CBDC) is a digital currency issued and supported by a central bank. As cryptocurrencies and stablecoins have grown in popularity, governments and central banks across the globe have recognized they need to respond with their own kind of digital currency or risk being left behind.

How does crypto affect banking? Blockchain technology might make monetary transactions more quickly and cheaply than traditional banking institutions by creating a distributed ledger for monetary transactions (like Bitcoin). Distributed ledger technology has the potential to streamline the clearing and settlement systems by lowering operating costs and facilitating real-time transactions between financial institutions.

That's all for today

If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com

X: @croxroadnews

Instagram: @croxroadnews.co

Youtube: @croxroadnews

Store: https://croxroad.store

Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter

https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe

DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 7bdef7be:784a5805

I wrote Oracolo (see the announcement below) because I was brainstorming about Nostr "long format" and thinking about how to promote it. There seems to be little love for this format, why?
Long posts should have interesting value because the author usually put effort into them, and are produced for a long-term fruition. In the end, blogging was one of the most productive strands on the web, and still holds considerable importance.

But in standard (kind-1) social clients they are rather hidden. I think many people don't even know they exist, they probably intuit something just because they see a particular formatting. This is quite evident if you compare the responses/zaps/reactions of the short notes with the long ones, the latter have far fewer interactions, a fact that I read as less exposure to readers.

Interlude: don't know what this "long format" stuff is?
Check https://habla.news or https://highlighter.com

I think the situation can be largely improved with some adjustments in kind-1 clients:

• Add a tab/section to the user's profile, next to the usual posts/responses, that lists only the long format notes;
• Highlight/pinning recent long notes in the user's profile to give them visibility; the user picture could also have a special mark that alerts about fresh content available;
• In the feed show the preview of long notes with a special design, and allow the user to read them in a separate/immersive view (or just link to njump.me);
• In an appropriate context (es. at the footer of a long note) invite the user to discover long format and post his own content;
• Offer a filtered feed that display only long format notes;

Finally, we should probably also evaluate and agree on a new labeling in clients, because “long notes” is self-explanatory but also a bit confusing next to "plain notes”. Perhaps “articles” might be a better term.

If clients bring more interaction on articles, content creators are naturally incentivized to invest their time in this area, thus increasing the production of in-depth content that may be of interest even to those who are not as involved in social media dynamics.

Memo for kind-1 clients: interoperability is our superpower and currently your are the main entrance to Nostr, so don't be fearful or lazy, please embrace it.

nostr:nevent1qqsrrcl7sfaxd505lyezj7u54tpdg93x0swpcpe0xj5adax5l6xz3yspzamhxue69uhky6t5vdhkjmn9wgh8xmmrd9skctcpr3mhxue69uhkxmm4de68y6t9wvhxv6tpw34xze3wvdhk6tcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0aagyzp

nostrdesign

@ 1c6b3be3:73f0ae6f

Releases - No Bullshit Bitcoin

Bisq2 v2.0.4: Offerbook List, Tor Improvements (1 min) Bisq, a decentralized exchange platform, has released Bisq 2.0.4, which supports multiple trade protocols, networks, and identities. The new version includes an offerbook list with collapsible layouts, green and yellow dot indicators for user profiles seen online within the past six hours, a "Last seen" info tooltip, a last seen column, search filter, and export to CSV feature in the user profile table at reputation UI. Additionally, Bisq 2.0.4 supports custom bisq.conf files, addresses startup issues with Tor, offers various improvements for network stability and connectivity, improves inventory requests at startup, persists backup directory, and adds import UI to signed witness popup. The new version also includes several bug fixes in trade processes and network code.

Blockstream Green Desktop v2.0.6: QR Unlock for Jade Blockstream Green Desktop, a Bitcoin and Liquid wallet available for desktop and mobile devices, has released an update with new features and fixes. The latest version includes an experimental QR unlock feature for Jade, improved QR code scanning, and several bug fixes. Additionally, the wallet now requests camera permission when required and optimizes application startup in macOS Sonoma. The update also enables users to enable experimental features in app settings. The source code for this release can be found on the GitHub repository.

Nix Bitcoin v0.0.108 Released The nix-bitcoin project, which provides Nix packages and modules for installing secure Bitcoin nodes, has been updated to version 0.10.5. This update includes several changes such as the upgrade of electrs from v0.10.1 to v0.10.5, joinmarket to v0.9.11 with added bond-calculator script, and an update to the trustedcoin plugin to v0.7.0. Additionally, there were various improvements made to JoinMarket, and the use of substituteInPlace --replace-fail was implemented across the entire project. The update also includes a revision in nixpkgs.

🍵 "btc | bitcoin | lightning network | asic" - Google News

Rivalz Network Launches It's Intel Incentivized Testnet – Standard PR Bitcoin News - Bitcoin.com News Bitcoin and the Lightning Network are moving payments globally - TechCrunch Dabba Announces Expansion of 10000 New Wifi Hotspots in India Through Depin Program – Bitcoin News - Bitcoin.com News

@ 75bf2353:e1bfa895

Value 4 Value

https://v.nostr.build/0jg59.mp4

Suporters

PabloF7z

nostr:nprofile1qqst9kvvpampwsd4rkjgjdnk6jxwmh7ekc99geqaz7h8vfyn98hq7scrgu7hn

To support the blog using sats or fiat, click here

₿logging ₿itcoin [841,975](https://timechaincalendar.com/en/block/841975

debtclock

🧡 Support this blog by using the Value 4 Value model

⚡[Zap This!(10% Goes To OpenSats)]https://nosl.ink/tadiqmv-)

🍐Join my Keet Room To Learn About New Blogs With No Email Signup

📻 Stream sats

❓Send a Boostagram

🛒Shop The Elliptic Curve Economy

@ f7d424b5:618c51e8

Instead of complaining about lost info, I'm going to help replace it

I'm writing this because I'm a little sad to find out skyehaven - a random blog on the internet where I first learned how to setup listening rooms - has vanished. You can still see it on the wayback machine here but the CSS is all cursed. So I'm going to summarize and describe this task myself, since I just had to redo it when setting up Mumble server.

What's the goal?

Our goal is to make it so the people in either listening room can hear the podcast, but the podcasters can't hear them. In the no mics room we will take one extra step and set it up such that the people within also cannot talk to each other.

Step-by-Step

Create the channels

Let's say you want a channel where the podcast is actually happening, let's call it "Podcast Recording Booth". Create that, then create two sub channels under it. We'll call one "Listening Room" and the other "Listening Room (No Mics)". When you're done it should look like this:

Link the channels

Next, enter the "Podcast Recording Booth" with your SuperUser account (or other admin account), then right-click each sub channel and click "Link". This will make a chain icon appear in front of the channel names, that tells you it's linked.

Silence the linked channels from the recording channel only

Next, open the ACL page for the "Podcast Recording Booth" channel. Click on the "Add" button to add a new, not-inherited ACL. Uncheck the box "Applies to sub-channels", and update the group in the drop down list to "out". The rules applied to this ACL will affect the people in channels linked to this room, but are outside it (so - both of our listening rooms at the same time) but in the context of this room. Next, deny this ACL speak permission. This makes it so the people in the "Podcast Recording Booth" room cannot hear either of the listening rooms.

Turn mics off in the no mics channel

Next, we are going to configure the "Listening Room (No Mics)" channel to actually turn those listener's microphones off. Enter that channel's ACL page and click the "Add" button to make a new ACL. Set the group to "in" to affect only the users in this channel, not the podcast speakers or the listeners in the other linked room. Then hit the Deny Speak checkbox.

Lock down entry to the recording channel

Next, we are going to create a new group for your podcasters, so only they can enter the "Podcast Recording Booth" channel, and all other users may only join the listening rooms. Right-click on your root channel and enter the ACL page (not to be confused with the "Podcast Recording Booth" channel, do this on the root). In the group drop down list, it's actually also a text box (shocker) so type in a new group name and click Add. Once complete it will be selectable in the drop down list. Select it, then type in the names of registered users on your server you want in the podcast group. They must be registered or they won't show up.

Then, enter the ACL page for the "Podcast Recording Booth" channel and click the "Add" button twice. This will add two new ACLs with default values. Set one of these to the group "all" and the other to the new group you created earlier, I called mine "podcast". Notice there is already an ACL in here for the group "all" and it's italicized, that is the inherited permissions, what we are about to do will overwrite some of it. For the "all" ACL you created, uncheck "Applies to sub-channels" and Deny Enter. Then for the "podcast" ACL you created, Allow Enter.

Once you do all of these, you'll be left with one access-limited channel to record the show, one room for the public to listen but also talk among themselves, and another room for the public to listen where nobody can interrupt the show.

Why am I writing this?

I'm not really writing this for you, I'm writing this for me. I've bookmarked and referred to that skyhaven blogpost multiple times over the years, it was first written in 2013, and there is straight up no good guides online to do this. Even as I write this blog post, Sunday May 19th the Mumble wiki is actually down (re-posted as a Nostr article May 27th, read the original here). So my future self will thank me when I inevitably set up Mumble server again and have to remember how I did this.

Don't care if you're reading this in 2024, or 2034 you can find me on the fediverse at @dielan@shitposter.world, or at my Nostr address @Dielan@melonmancy.cafe. This Mumble server I took the screenshots from is my public Mumble server for my Podcast & Gaming Community Melonmancy.

Thanks for reading my blog post!

@ 5d9ba2c5:7188ec8e

In the world of Bitcoin, the cornerstone of your privacy lies in labels and coin control.

While techniques like CoinJoins and Layer 2 (L2) can enhance your privacy, without a comprehensive understanding of your coins, also known as Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXOs), you may not have a complete picture of your Bitcoin holdings and financial activities.

Labels: Labels empower you to affix descriptions or tags to your Bitcoin addresses, transactions, inputs, and outputs within your wallet and/or by using Labelbase. Meticulously labeling your transactions serves as a vital tool for tracking your financial activities and discerning the origins or purposes of your bitcoin. It provides context to your transactions, simplifying wallet management and facilitating audits.

Coin Control: Coin control stands as a feature present in certain Bitcoin wallets, granting users the autonomy to manually select which UTXOs to use when crafting a new transaction. This capability is of paramount importance for privacy, as it grants you the ability to pick UTXOs not associated with your identity or those with a favorable transaction history for your specific transaction needs. For instance, you can pick UTXOs with no transaction history or those that have traversed CoinJoin mixing services, thereby fortifying your privacy.

Freezing Coins: Here is where the BIP-329 spendable label takes center stage. This label attribute facilitates the freezing of UTXOs to prevent unintended spending, providing a valuable tool for ensuring that specific UTXOs remain untouched until you explicitly choose to spend them. In my opinion, every wallet should support this feature.

CoinJoins: CoinJoins, as a privacy technique, entail amalgamating multiple users' Bitcoin transactions into a singular transaction, thereby rendering it arduous to trace individual transactions. This amalgamation obscures the origins and destinations of funds, thus enhancing privacy. CoinJoins can be executed through services like Wasabi Wallet, Samourai Whirlpool or JoinMarket. As of today (May 28th, 2024), the Samourai coordinator is no longer available, and the Wasabi zkSNACKs coordinator will be shutting down its service on June 1st, 2024. Please ensure compliance with local laws when accessing these resources or running these apps and services.

Layer 2 (L2): Layer 2 solutions, exemplified by the Lightning Network (LN), are engineered to expedite and economize Bitcoin transactions by conducting the majority of transactions off-chain. In addition to scalability benefits, these solutions offer heightened privacy by shielding transaction details from the public Bitcoin timechain.

In summary, understanding the concept of UTXOs, labeling your transactions, and using coin control features can help you manage and enhance the privacy of your Bitcoin holdings. Techniques like CoinJoins and Layer 2 solutions can further improve your privacy by obfuscating transaction details and reducing the traceability of your financial activities on the Bitcoin timechain.

However, it's essential to stay informed about the latest developments and best practices in Bitcoin privacy, as the landscape is continually evolving.

Don't miss out on important updates! Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest insights, tips on labeling, BIP-329 adoption, and more to keep your Bitcoin transactions private and secure.

@ eaba7a49:97790a4d

There is a lot going on now on the menopause health world, with the reinterpretation of the WHI (Women Health Initiative) study, from 2002 and now in 2024, it's gone from HRT increases risk of breast cancer to the other polarity: all women should have access to menopause therapy, its safe, and all women should be able to have. this conversation about risks and benefits with their provider.

And with that comes a lot of narratives about women's bodies that are important to deconstruct.

First, the idea that a magic pill can replenish our needs and take care of all our symptoms. The symptoms of menopause are symptoms of a systemic depletion of women's bodies. It's something that has happened over time, and there is no magic pill that can fix that. You can replenish biochemistry, but the toll that it has taken on your body, your emotions and mental health, that is something else. And yes, many women report feeling better: they are able to sleep, go to work, but still the narrative is that “my body is broken, and I can fix it with this magic pill” and that's where I see the disconnect.

Second, menopause is not about aging. Dr. Lara Briden speaks about this, and refers to the work of endocrinologist Jerilynn Prior, and I think is very important to take this into consideration. Menopause is not a failure of the body, it's not the failure of the ovaries, as a lot of the narrative goes. It is a neuroendocrine transition that is completely detached from aging.

Menopause is a brain overhaul, it's a brain reshaping so that it can be more efficient to tend to our physiological needs in the second part of our lives.

So, it's not about the failure of our bodies because we are aging, it is about our body’s ability to transform and to tend to our physiological needs. From now on, the focus is not going to be the energy intensive process of reproduction, it is going to be brain, bone, cardiovascular and metabolic health.

Neuroscientist Dr. Lisa Mosconi, who is studying women's brain in menopause explains that the menopausal brain is smaller and less energy demanding, because it doesn't need to tend to this energy intensive process of cyclicity for reproduction. So, we get to focus on our other body systems: our nervous system, brain, cardio health and that's why menopause is a window of opportunity. And that is why many women fall off the cliff in menopause. It's not because of aging, it's because they have been stressed, undernourished and overstretched for the whole reproductive period, so now when they come to menopause, that depletion makes her more vulnerable to symptoms.

Is like when you are rebuilding your house, but you didn't tend to your house for 30 years, and when you start remodeling, you find that the electric cables were damaged, the water piping breaks, it's not because of the remodeling. It's because it wasn’t maintained for 30 years.

Would love to hear your reflections and if this resonates or if I'm completely alone in this train of thought.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

About Nostr, email and subscriptions

I check my emails like once or twice a week, always when I am looking for something specific in there.

Then I go there and I see a bunch of other stuff I had no idea I was missing. Even many things I wish I had seen before actually. And sometimes people just expect and assume I would have checked emails instantly as they arrived.

It's so weird because I'm not making a point, I just don't remember to open the damn "gmail.com" URL.

---

I remember some people were making some a Nostr service a while ago that sent a DM to people with Nostr articles inside -- or some other forms of "subscription services on Nostr". It makes no sense at all.

Pulling in DMs from relays is exactly the same process (actually slightly more convoluted) than pulling normal public events, so why would a service assume that "sending a DM" was more likely to reach the target subscriber when the target had explicitly subscribed to that topic or writer?

Maybe due to how some specific clients work that is true, but fundamentally it is a very broken assumption that comes from some fantastic past era in which emails were 100% always seen and there was no way for anyone to subscribe to someone else's posts.

Building around such broken assumptions is the wrong approach. Instead we should be building new flows for subscribing to specific content from specific Nostr-native sources (creators directly or manual or automated curation providers, communities, relays etc), which is essentially what most clients are already doing anyway, but specifically Coracle's new custom feeds come to mind now.

---

This also reminds me of the interviewer asking the Farcaster creator if Farcaster made "email addresses available to content creators" completely ignoring all the cryptography and nature of the protocol (Farcaster is shit, but at least they tried, and in this example you could imagine the interviewer asking the same thing about Nostr).

I imagine that if the interviewer had asked these people who were working (or suggesting) the Nostr DM subscription flow they would have answered: "no, you don't get their email addresses, but you can send them uncensorable DMs!" -- and that, again, is getting everything backwards.

@ ac115d52:2de190d4

As many others, I am always keeping an ear out for a valid counter-argument to Bitcoin. Most recently, I found an interesting argument against Bitcoin proposed by Yuval Noah Harari.

The argument, paraphrased:

Bitcoin assumes distrust between parties. Existing institutions such as (central) banks, require trust from the participants. Humanity should find ways of trusting each other, instead of adopting technology that removes the need for that trust.

I both agree and disagree with Yuval here. I'm absolutely a proponent of trust between humans, but I disagree that the trust should be through institutions.

One of the primary ways we as humans have learned to succeed as a species - and indeed thrive to the point of being masters of our natural environment - is our ability and reliability in predicting what will happen next.

We do not simply trust that our crops will grow next summer, we ensure it. We have understood that there is a yearly cycle of seasons and we have learned to reliably predict and anticipate it, allowing us to plan for it. Trust didn't fill up our grain stores and get us through famines.

We do not simply trust that if a healer puts some eels on our body it will drive out the bad spirits from our blood and heal us - we ensure that our medicine works and is reliable through the implementation of the scientific method and rigorous testing. Trust didn't bring down child mortality to near-zero in the modern world.

We do not simply trust that if we put enough fuel in a metal cylinder and light it on fire, it will take us to the moon - we meticulously calculated every thinkable variable to ensure that the rocket will take us there. Trust didn't get us to the moon.

Humans have sought to eliminate every single point of failure in prediction that stands between ourselves and our ability to know exactly what will happen next. Adaptability has for the most part taken the crown as what has allowed us to survive - but our ability of prediction must be what should be recognized for it's role in ensuring our prosperity.

So I will refuse the first point: It is not as Yuval suggests our ability to trust each other that has allowed us to control the natural world. It is our ability to successfully predict and eliminate unknown factors, gaining certainty and giving us the ability to anticipate what our next move should be. Cooperation, mainly has been ensured through incentive structures. "If you help me sow grain, you will have a share of it". Financial devices, like currencies, bonds and shares is merely an exercise in the attempt to implement this incentive structure and make it universally adaptable.

What Yuval is unfortunately missing is that the trust of the institutions which we should be able to reliably predict - have been repeatedly abused and subverted, and often fatally to the detriment of the working class. Their time is over.

What should be trustable and predictable, is now instead an instrument of speculation that reliably moves wealth from the working class to the ruling class. As a matter of fact, we have all learned to trust this natural state of things where everyone but the elite is being robbed. The institutions are no longer serving the common good of the people.

For many people, this trust in the fact that institutions will reliably subvert their needs, has resulted in the dissolution of society and the division of people everywhere. We are being misled by opaque promises of better times, a reliable inflation rate of 2%, wage growth that follows the inflation, and that our living standards will follow our increase in productivity. Instead of fulfilling these promises, we have been divided along lines of nonsensical dilemmas, blaming our brothers and neighbors for wrongthink, and forcing us to constantly choose a lesser of two evils.

Bitcoin subverts distrust between people - because Bitcoin is a predictable, reliable money that acts more like a law of nature than a human institution. Human institutions can be corrupted, co-opted for personal motives, and subverted by individual greed. Bitcoin lacks the feature for any of these things.

As for the seasons of the year, Bitcoin introduces a predictable economical cycle of halvings until the year 2140 - by which point we will hopefully have found a different, greater cycle to adapt to.

Yuval is wrong. Bitcoin does not create more distrust. Bitcoin eliminates it.

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Chef's notes

For the dough, combine the water, yeast, honey, and olive oil in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with a dough hook. Add 3 cups flour, then the salt, and mix. While mixing, add 1 more cup of flour, or enough to make a soft dough. Knead the dough on low to medium speed for about 10 minutes until smooth, sprinkling it with flour, if necessary, to keep it from sticking to the bowl. When the dough is ready, turn it out onto a floured board and knead by hand a dozen times. It should be smooth and elastic. Place the dough in a well-oiled bowl and turn it several times to cover it lightly with oil. Cover the bowl with a kitchen towel. Allow the dough to rest at room temperature for 30 minutes.

Divide the dough into 6 equal parts and roll each one into a smooth ball. Place the balls on a baking sheet and cover them with a damp towel. Allow the dough to rest for 10 minutes. Use immediately, or refrigerate for up to 4 hours.

If you've chilled the dough, take it out of the refrigerator approximately 30 minutes ahead to let it come to room temperature. Roll and stretch each ball into a rough 8-inch circle and place them all on baking sheets sprinkled with cornmeal. (You will be able to fit 2 pizzas on each 18 by 13-inch baking sheet.) You may also use a cast iron skillet if so desired.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 45 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 15 minutes
• 🍽️ Servings: 6

Ingredients

• 1 1/4 cups warm (100 to 110 degrees F) water
• 2 packages dry yeast
• 1 tablespoon honey
• 3 tablespoons good olive oil
• 4 cups all-purpose flour, plus extra for kneading
• 2 teaspoons kosher salt

Directions

1. Preheat the oven to 500 degrees
2. Bake for 10 to 15 minutes, depending on your desired level of crisp.

@ 7308f407:94057dcf

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: Prep Time for Birria Beans
• 🍳 Cook time: Initial Boiling: 10 minutes Simmering: 2 to 3 hours (depending on the desired softness of the beans) In total, the estimated cooking time is approximately 2 hours and 10 minutes to 3 hours and 10 minutes.
• 🍽️ Servings: The serving size for the Birria Beans recipe depends on the quantity of beans and broth used. Given the ingredients listed, this recipe typically serves approximately 8-10 people+.

Ingredients

• 12 cups broth from birria (previous recipe)
• 1/2 onion
• 4 jalapeños or serrano peppers
• Water
• Salt to taste
• Beef from birria (optional)

Directions

1. Wash the beans and let them soak for 30 minutes.
2. In a large pot, add all the ingredients above.
3. Set the heat to high and allow the mixture to come to a boil. Let it boil for 10 minutes.
4. Reduce the heat to medium-low and cook for about 2 to 3 hours until the beans become soft.
5. -To check the consistency of the beans, remove one from the pot to a plate. Using a fork, poke through to cut it in half. This method will help you easily tell if they are soft. You can also taste the beans.
6. -If they are not soft yet, continue to cook for another 30 minutes.
7. Every 30 minutes to 1 hour, check the beans to ensure they have enough water to cover them. They will dry out if the water level drops below the beans.
8. You can also add beef from birria into the beans for added flavor.
9. Enjoy the savory and slightly spicy flavor of the pinto beans cooked in red birria broth, topped off with cilantro, onion, and lime.

@ 7308f407:94057dcf

Chef's notes

This recipe is from a YouTube video that my mom sent to me because she wanted to try it. I made the recipe for my family once, and it was a success. We made Birria bowls, Birria nachos, Quesatacos (crispy tacos filled with cheese, birria, cilantro, onion and Salsa Macha.) I have been using this recipe for the last three years.

The YouTube title is "BIRRIA ESTILO TIJUANA en la birriería 'EL HOMMIE'". https://youtu.be/zAn8iM8dR14?si=gdYKBPyqyX13bwyo

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: The prep time for the recipe involves several steps, including preparing the vegetables, roasting and preparing the chiles, blending the ingredients, and straining the sauce. Here's a rough estimate of the prep time: Preparing vegetables and chiles (cutting, roasting, and removing seeds): 15 minutes Blending and straining the sauce: 10 minutes Mixing ingredients and initial setup for cooking the meat: 10-15 minutes Overall, the estimated prep time is now approximately 35-40 minutes.
• 🍳 Cook time: The cooking time for the recipe involves several steps: Boiling the sauce: 20 minutes Cooking the meat in the broth: 4-8 hours (The cooking time for the meat in the broth depends on how small or big you cut the meat before cooking.) Additional steps such as cooking down the fat (if using for Quesatacos): 20 minutes Overall, the estimated cooking time is approximately 4 hours and 40 minutes to 8 hours and 40 minutes.
• 🍽️ Servings: This recipe typically serves approximately 8-10 people +, depending on how much meat each person eats or how many tacos you make.

Ingredients

• 24 Guajillo chiles
• 17 Pasilla chiles
• 1 large onion
• Water (to boil dry chiles)
• 5 cloves
• 2 bay leaves
• 3 tablespoons salt
• 5 garlic cloves
• Salt to taste
• Ingredients for Cooking Birria:
• 1/2 bunch cilantro
• 10 tablespoons dried oregano
• 2 teaspoons dried thyme
• 1 + 1/2 tablespoons ground black pepper
• 2 tablespoons ground cumin
• 6 cups water
• Adobo sauce (from dry chiles listed above)

Directions

1. Adobo Sauce Preparation:
2. To prepare the vegetables for the Adobo sauce, cut the tomatoes into halves. Next, cut the white onion into quarters.
3. Remove the stem and seeds from the dried peppers. Roast the ancho and guajillo chiles for a couple of seconds on each side.
4. In a medium/large pot, turn the heat to medium. Add water, chiles, onion, tomatoes, five garlic cloves, five cloves, and two bay leaves along with three tablespoons of salt.
5. As some of the vegetables and spices boil, blend the ingredients from the pot. Once combined, add them back to the pot and merge the next batch.
6. Remove the bay leaves to prevent them from blending into the sauce.
7. Once all ingredients are blended, boil the sauce for 20 minutes, removing the foam that rises to the surface. Cooking the sauce down allows the tomatoes to break down and develop a great taste with the spices.
8. After the sauce is finished cooking, use a large bowl and metal strainer to strain the sauce, removing the pepper seeds and any remnants of the tomato.
9. Meat Preparation:
10. In a large pot, add the meat along with 1/2 bunch of cilantro, ten tablespoons of dried oregano, two teaspoons of dried thyme, 1 1/2 teaspoons of ground black pepper, two tablespoons of ground cumin, six cups of water, and the Adobo sauce you previously made.
11. Mix all ingredients in the pot to ensure the Adobo sauce is evenly dispersed.
12. Cook on high heat until it begins to boil. Once boiling, stir the ingredients, cover with a lid, and set to the lowest heat setting on the stove. Cook for about 4-8 hours with the lid on.
13. After the cooking time, verify that the meat is tender by using a fork to cut through. If the meat is not tender enough, add more time to cook on low.
14. If the meat is to your desired consistency, remove it to another bowl. Allow the meat to cool down if you are shredding it by hand. If not, keep it aside to add back to the pot once the broth is strained. You can also chop the meat using a knife to break it down into smaller pieces.
15. Remove the cilantro and discard it along with any other unwanted parts from the broth.
16. Remove the fat from the broth into a bowl and keep it aside if you would like to use it for Quesatacos.
17. If using the fat from the broth, cook it down on medium heat for about 20 minutes. This breaks down the fat from a solid to a liquid. After cooking, strain the fat to separate the solids from the liquid.
18. Strain all sauce using a metal strainer.
19. Leave some sauce on the side if you are making beans with the broth (about 12 cups).
20. Once the broth is strained, add the meat back into the pot.
21. Ready to serve with meat in its broth, as Quesatacos, or however you would like to enjoy the Birria.

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

I heard it somewhere, I think it was from Preston Pysh, who suggested the bitcoin ETFs might be a trap of sorts, wherein once a sufficient number of coins were in their custody*, the government would “6102” them for national security.

* I think Coinbase might actually hold the keys to the ETF coins, so “custody” probably isn’t the right word to describe the arrangement between the ETFs and those buying price exposure to, but not actual, bitcoin via those instruments.

The number “6102” refers to the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 and Executive Order 6102 that authorized President Roosevelt to force American citizens to turn in their gold. (He did this to issue more gold-backed money during The Great Depression.)

Because bitcoin private keys are merely information and therefore difficult to seize from individuals en masse (you’d have to make people cough up information they could claim to have lost or forgotten), the ETFs could be a roundabout way to create a concentrated and easy-to-seize hard money to which to peg the dollar.

As it stands, the US-based ETFs collectively have amassed nearly a million coins, roughly five percent of the total 21 million supply, (a few million of which are likely lost forever.) Let’s fast forward a few years and assume the following (all of which seem plausible to me, though the exact numbers are not important):

The national debt, presently at $35 trillion, balloons to $50 trillion. The interest expense alone on the debt at five percent rates is 2.5 trillion per year, roughly three times the size of the entire (on the books) defense budget. Official inflation numbers are running north of five percent, even though people know real inflation is upwards of 10. Bitcoin is trading at $1 million per coin (roughly 14x where it is now.) If you think that’s crazy, consider $70K is 14x $5K where it was in the spring of 2020. Let’s also assume the ETFs collectively have two million coins (more than 10 percent) at that point.

Essentially, the dollar is on the brink of hyper-inflating, the US at risk of going full Weimar. Gold is at $10K per ounce, but it’s just a rock and can’t underpin a global system where money moves at the speed of light, and there’s no way for people to audit its supply in an environment of increasing global distrust.

The US government policy makers put on poker faces for the public to buy time, but are well aware of the precarity. They are faced with two terrible choices: raise rates to try and tame inflation the way Paul Volcker did in the 1970s, thereby skyrocketing the interest expense on our much larger debt and crippling the economy, or cut rates, make already severely debased money even cheaper and usher in almost certain hyperinflation.

Under these circumstances, where both choices portend a high likelihood of government collapse, it’s not only conceivable, but I’d argue, probable they avail themselves of a third option: 6102 the ETF coins.

I imagine it might go down like this: The administration, whoever it is, meets with Brian Armstrong of Coinbase and the CEOs of the ETF issuers, gives them a very brief heads up: “We’re taking the coins for national security and compensating all your clients at the face value at which they’re trading,” i.e., they would just give them today’s market value if they were to sell, i.e., $1M per coin. So if there were two million coins in ETF custody, that would be $2T distributed pro rata among the investors.

Most of the investors would realize a significant (nominal) profit from where they bought. Moreover, the CEOs would be considered patriots (by the government) if they complied and criminals if they refused. They would probably be allowed/encouraged to buy underlying coins for themselves that day, knowing what was about to happen too. In short, it’s almost inconceivable to me they wouldn’t go along, and in fact, might have an inkling of this end game already.

After the government surreptitiously gained control of the keys to the ETF coins, they would make an announcement: the US dollar is now fully backed by the hardest money in human history and fully redeemable at $30M USD per coin. In other words, their two million coins would now be worth $60 trillion, more than enough to pay off the debt in its entirety and restore confidence in the dollar.

The dollar would inflate immediately now that it was debased 30:1 vs its prior bitcoin price. But that ratio would apply only to bitcoin. Real estate prices might go up 5x, food 2x, it’s impossible to say. The dollar would have real redeemable value for something of finite supply and would no longer be printable via fiat so long as that tether remained in place. In fact, and this is beyond my tech knowledge, the announcement could be tied to some kind of cryptographically unforgeable and legally binding arrangement wherein the dollar must always be pegged at that 30:1 rate. If it could be arbitrarily debased further, there might be no point.

Of course, this would handicap the government significantly — no longer could it print money to fund proxy wars in Ukraine, invade Iraq or shell out off-the-books blank checks for CIA operations in Central America. It would lose much of its power as the expenses of empire would have to be justified or greatly curtailed. And while those that wield this excessive and dangerous power would never go along with it voluntarily, under the circumstances above — facing chaotic collapse — they would have little choice.

There would be significant pain — even my arbitrary estimates of real estate and food inflation would be catastrophic for many, and it could easily be much worse than that. But compared to the alternative it would be like an airplane touching down on the runway during a storm with but a mild bump.

@ deab79da:88579e68

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: ~20 min

Ingredients

• 4 boneless skinless chicken breast
• 1 small onion
• 1-3 jalapeno pepper, to taste
• 1/2 cup soy sauce
• 1/2 cup pineapple juice
• 1/4 cup olive oil
• 1/4 cup apple cider vinegar
• Juice of 1 lime
• 1 tsp honey
• 2 cloves garlic, minced
• 1/2 tsp ground nutmeg
• 1/2 tsp ground ginger
• 1/2 tsp allspice
• 1/2 tsp red pepper flakes
• small bunch of fresh cilantro
• Salt & Pepper

Directions

1. Put all of the ingredients, except the chicken breast, in a blender and blend until smooth
2. Let the chicken marinate ine the mixture for several hours, or overnight
3. Best cooked on a charcoal or gas grill. In a pinch, medium heat in a saute pan will do.
4. Remove the chicken from the marinade and grill or saute until cooked through. While the chicken is cooking, place the remaining marinade in a small saucepan and bring to a boil. Simmer for 5 minutes.
5. When the chicken is cooked, allow to rest for 5 minutes. Before serving brush the chicken with the remaining glaze. Serve with your favorite seasonal vegetables.

@ d85d489c:c50ae568

Cal Newport'un Dijital Minimalizm kitabını bu yıl içinde edinip okumuştum. Benim yaşımdaki insanların ilgisini kazanacağı bir kitap. Ben internette büyüdüm. Eve bilgisayarın ve internetin geldiği zaman evdeyken Facebook'daki arkadaşlarımla mesajlaşır ve oyun oynardım. iPhone ve Android telefonların çıkmasıyla mesajlaşma uygulamaları hayatımıza girmeye başladı. Ortaokul ve lise zamanında hayatımda hep Whatsapp ve diğer sosyal medya uygulamaları vardı. Bunu anlatmak zor bir şey, çevrimiçi olmak benim konfor alanımdı.

Newport abimiz, elimizde bulunan teknolojik imkanları kullananın biz olmadığını, onların bizi kullandığını iddia ediyor. İddiasını kanıtlayacak kaynak aramanıza gerek yok; insanlar toplu taşımada, arkadaşlarının yanına takılırken ve en komiği seks yaparken bile telefonla bağlı kalma durumundalar.

Newport, bu bağımlılıktan kurtulmak için bağımlı olduğunuz şeylere ara vermeyi, bu süreçte kazandığınız zamanı başka hobi edinmek gibi geliştirici şeylere harcamamızı öneriyor. Bunu çoğu kişiye anlattığımda telefonu, bilgisayarı tamamen kullanmayı bırakmaya teşvik ediyormuş gibi algılandı. İşin özü benim açımdan teknolojik imkanları çoklu amaçlara dağıtmadan, yorucu hale getirmeden kullanmak.

Sosyal medya konusu benim için hep utandırıcı olduğundan, Newport abimin sözlerine güvenerekten Twitter ve Mastodon'a kendimce ağır kısıtlamalar getirdim. App Store'dan edindiğim şu uygulama ile uygulamaya girememek için sınırlar koydum. Saat 20:00'dan itibaren girebiliyorum mesela. Ondan önce açmaya kalkarsam eğer nefes egzersizi yaptırıp, girip girmemem konusunda bana soru soruyor, eğer girersem de o anki ruh halimin nasıl olduğunu soruyor. Kendimi ifade etmeyi daha çok sevdiğim için görsel tabanlı sosyal medya uygulamalarını diğerlerine göre daha az seviyorum. O yüzden Instagram hesabımı hiç sorgulamadan kapattım.

İlk başta zor oldu. Telefonumu elime alınca el refleksinden dolayı sürekli uygulamaları istemsizce açasım geliyordu mesela. Arkadaş çevremde sosyal medyaya aman aman bağlı insanlar yok o yüzden kaybolmamın veya bir şeylere geç cevap vermeme, bakmama tepki gösteren olmadı. İnternet arkadaşlarımın genelde Instagram hesabı olduğu için onlarla iletişimim tamamen koptu. Ama o yaptığım bir anlık değişiklik yaşam kalitemi bir tık arttırdı diyebilirim. Kitap okumayı çok erteliyordum bu zaman aralıklarında onları okumaya başladım.

Bir ay geçti, telefonumda hiçbir değişiklik yapmamama rağmen telefonumla eskisiyle aynı veya daha fazla zaman geçirdiğimi fark ettim. Eskiden Instagram'da veya Twitter/Mastodon anasayfasında takılırken bu sefer de Youtube/Odysee'de veya Reddit'de kendimi buluyorum. Bunları da engelledim, bu sefer de internette farklı farklı şeyler araştırıp onları okurken buluyorum.

Bu süreçte bana en çok yardımcı olan iki alışkanlık farkındalık(mindfulness) ve okumak/yazmak (günlük tutmak da diyebiliriz). Meditasyon ve günlük tutma, düşüncelerimin ve eylemlerimin daha fazla farkında olmama yardımcı oluyor. Meditasyondan gelen farkındalık, alışkanlık yerine kasıtlı olarak bir şeyleri yapmayı sağlıyor. Yazmak (günlük tutmak) da yaptığım eylemlerin üzerinde düşünmemi ve gerekirse değişiklikler yapmamı sağlıyor. Kafanızdakileri sağlıklı yorumlamak bitmeyen rahatsız edici bir girişimdir ama başarabilirseniz değeceğine inanıyorum.

Sosyal medya sahip olmamanın sizi otomatik olarak dijital minimalist yapmayacağını, aynı şekilde onlara sahip olmanın da teknolojiyi iyi kullanmamanızı engelleyeceğini anlamam bir ayımı aldı. Dijital minimalizm birkaç uygulamadan kurtulmaktan çok daha fazlasıdır; teknolojiyle sağlıklı ilişkiye sahip olmakla ilgilidir.

Bu süreçte dikkat dağınıklığımı kazanmamı sağlayan araçlar:

• Bilgisayarımda
• Unhook, Youtube'da dikkatimi dağıtan etkenleri kaldırıyor.
• Sponsorblock, Youtube videolarındaki sponsor tanıtımları, reklamları otomatik geçiyor.
• One Sec uygulamasının tarayıcı eklentisi de mobildeki ile aynı işi yapıyor.
• iPhone'umda
• Fazla renk içermeyen arka planlar.
• Odaklanma modları, özellikle Rahatsız Etmeyin modu.
• One Sec
• Ekran süresi
• Güzel alışkanlıklar
• Okuma alışkanlığı dikkat sürenizi uzatmaya yardımcı olur.
• Meditasyon dürtülerinizin bilincinde olmanıza yardımcı olur.
• Çeşitli
• Fiziksel alarm sabah kalktığınızda telefonla dalmamanız için çözüm olabilir. İsterseniz satın alabilirsiniz. Ben Nintendo DS'imi alarm olarak kullandım.
• Telefon dışında akıllı saatim de dikkatimi dağıtıyordu. Arada normal saat takıyorum. Akıllı saat takacağım zamanda bildirim gönderme özelliğini kapatıyorum.
• Ajanda ve kalem aklıma gelen şeyleri not almam için biraz yardımcı oldu. Notion ve Obsidian bağımlısı olarak bu alışkanlığı çok devam ettiremedim. Biraz azimli davranıp alışırsanız not ihtiyaçları, planlamalar ve dijital olarak kullandığınız takvimin yerini alabilir.
• Telefonumu arka cebinize veya çantaya koymaya çalışın. Böylece sadece ihtiyacınız olduğunda aklınıza gelecektir.

@ 75da9402:77a65b5c

Empezare este articulo indicando que iba hacer publicado como un hilo en Twitter o X o como diablos se llame ahora por que mi intencion era trasmitir a otros que existe algo mucho mejor donde pueden empezar nuevamente a disfrutar de otra forma de comunicarse, pero mi sorpresa fue grande al momento de enviar el hilo de tweets, me salio el mensaje "no se puede enviar" usted debe UPDATE TO PREMIUM para atreverse hacer un post en esta empresa que protege la libertad de expresion...lol...(:-O). Como yo casi ya no escribo nada en X y lo uso solo para informarme de lo que pasa en mi pais, no sabia esta nueva limitacion. Ahora volvi a recordar por que deje de usarlo. Pero bueno, aqui voy a desahogar mi hilo para luego compartirlo en X, por que me van a leer quieran o no, jajaja.

---

Te cuento una pequeňa historia.

Alguna vez me preguntaron por qué me gustaba Twitter (hoy X) más que otras redes sociales ya que yo era un joven audaz que siempre interactuaba ahi jaja. Y mi respuesta fue simple en esos aňos: Twitter es una selva digital donde se genera el debate público e informativo a nivel mundial y aqui puedo decir lo que yo quiera (pobre iluso). Pero luego las cosas fueron cambiando en mi RRSS favorita, en algun momento se convirtio en un hueco lleno de toda clase de basura digital de la cual habia huido siempre, hasta que llego un familiar mio a comprar la empresa y pense: AL FINNN... volveran los dias de gloria, y efectivamente algo parecio mejorar y con eso me conforme, pero aclaro que no me gusto al final el rumbo que tomo la empresa familiar después que mi tío Elon la compró pero es lo que habia en ese entonces y aguante. HASTA AHORA..

Te gusta twitter pero a la vez estás arto de lo mismo?

Hace meses hice 1 post de por qué me gustaba X, pero también explicaba el rumbo que está tomando el mundo de la tecnología con respecto a las redes sociales. Y ahora te explicaré de qué se trata.

Todo ha evolucionado en el mundo de la tecnologia a velocidad vertiginosa, por ejemplo tu tia antes enviaba un Piolin de BUENOS DIAS todas las mañanas en su muro de Facebook a sus amigos y familiares que la seguian, ahora hace lo mismo por el WAZA (grupo familiar que pasa silenciado por siempre) y si ya no lo hace es por que TU eres la TIA del Piolin ahora jajaja, pero volviendo al tema las RRSS no han evolucionado desde hace 20 años, ojo me refiero a la forma de generar contenido, monetizar y consumir, todo es lo mismo que cuando abrí mi cuenta de Twitter hacer 15 años. Han aparecido muchas otras RRSS si es cierto, #tiktok la última. Pero todas hacen lo mismo darte a ti el usuario: entretenimiento, distracción ludica y tal vez “informar”; y esto entre comillas por qué lo que lees, escuchas y te informas es lo que los dueños de estas RRSS, las marcas auspiciantes y quienes pagan su verificación quieren, NO lo que TÚ quieres. Ellos dictan y te “Sugieren el contenido que puedes ver” pero tu no te das cuenta y crees que lo que estas viendo es por que tu asi lo decidiste. Lo cual es una triste y deprimente mentira....

Y no es invento mío, te adjunto una entrevista a Jack Dorsey fundador de Twitter, donde él explica detalladamente por qué sucede esto que afirmó anteriormente. Léelo en tu tiempo libre, no tiene desperdicio. Usa traductor si no le haces mucho al inglés:

https://www.piratewires.com/p/interview-with-jack-dorsey-mike-solana

Y si te preguntas, Alguien está haciendo algo para mejorar esto? SI, un montón de gente (Jack incluido) y otros mas que aportan con muchos recursos: técnicos, económicos, tenologicos y sobre todo tiempo y amor a su profesion. Esta gente está trabajando en cambiar todo esto que esta mal y de ese esfuerzo en conjunto nacieron soluciones como Mastodon, Bluesky y Nostr.

Pero que son Mastodon, Bluesky y Nostr?

Mastodon y Bluesky son básicamente lo mismo, nuevas RRSS donde encuentras de todo. Nacieron con la idea de enfrentar a Twitter la primera, y mejorarlo la segunda como lo explica Jack en su entrevista. Pero al final terminaron teniendo lo mismo, es decir marcas asupiciantes, moderadores verificados y dueños o juntas directivas. Mas de lo mismo....

Nostr en cambio es el giro de tuerca que las RRSS y las comunicaciones humanas necesitan para el futuro, y de hecho Instagram (Threads) y otros ya lo están probando en sus plataformas lanzando puentes desde sus empresas para que sus usuarios tengan interoperatibilidad entre diferentes rrsss del fediverse.

-Y por qué sucede esto con Nostr?

Por qué Nostr no es una RRSS ni una empresa, ni tampoco tiene dueños o moderadores de contenido que dictaminan lo que puedes o no ver, leer, escuchar y consumir en tu feed, ya que es un protocolo de comunicación como los que usas para el correo, para navegar en internet, etc.

-Y que ganamos los usuarios?

Ganamos un largo etc. de beneficios para consumo de contenido REAL, mas humano y mas limpio, pero lo que si diré que NO encontraras es nada de lo que te tiene hastiado de las otras RRSS. Aquí un video que te gustaría ver para entender de lo que escribo:

https://youtu.be/aA-jiiepOrE?si=iaMu5K3qKqh_JxsR

Te interesa usar y aprender que puedes hacer con Nostr?

Te dejo unos link 🔗 para que empieces a explorar una nueva forma de comunicarse entre seres humanos. Usa alguno de estos servicios, pruebalos.

• Lives: https://zap.stream/
• Música: https://wavlake.com/
• Blogs: https://yakihonne.com/
• Podcast: https://www.fountain.fm/

Y muchas más aplicaciones y sevicios en: https://www.nostrapps.com/

Si lo tuyo es consumir contenido en algo como Twitter/X estás apps son para ti:

En iOS: - Primal: https://primal.net/ - Damus: https://damus.io/ - Nostur: http://nostur.com/ - NosSocial: https://nos.social/

En ANDROID: - Primal: https://primal.net/ - Amethys: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vitorpamplona.amethyst&hl=en

En WEB: - Primal: https://primal.net/ - Nostrudel: https://nostrudel.ninja/ - Snortsocial: https://snort.social/ - Coracle: https://coracle.social/

Debes saber que puedes con el mismo usuario y contraseña (en #Nostr se dicen llaves) puedes ingresar a TODAS las aplicaciones mencionadas en este articulo, y esto puede lograrse por que el protocolo es el mismo, es NOSTR.

Ya vas en tendiendo? no hay empresas, no hay dueños..😏, TU eres el dueño del contenido que produces y del contenido que consumes.

Quieres saber mas informacion sobre Nostr, visita estas web. Resolveran muchas de tus dudas.

https://nostr.com/ https://nostr.how/

Para terminar con este pequeño hilo... (te odio Elon) jajaja

Nostr esta empezando y tiene mucho por mejorar pero al dia de HOY ya existen cosas increibles que puedes hacer y son mejores que en otras RRSS y te aseguro algo, TODOS nosotros terminaremos tarde o temprano usandolo en el futuro, es inevitable si queremos evolucionar nuestra forma de comunicarnos.

Si tu quieres ser uno de los primeros en experimentar una nueva era de las RRSS. Anímate y empieza a usar NOSTR como TU quieras. Solo haz lo siguiente:

1. Descarga cualquier aplicacion en tu movil tipo Twitter detallada en este articulo.
2. Crea el Usuario (npub....) llave 1
3. Crea la contraseña (nsec....) llave 2
4. Guarda tus llaves, que no se te olviden. (anótalas)
5. Envia tu primer post colocando al final el hashtag #introductions
6. Y a disfrutar de #nostr

Si te gustó este hilo (Elon de >:{ #$%&) dale RT o cómo diablos se diga ahora 😂 o postealo y compartelo donde quieras para que mas gente lea sobre Nostr. Tal vez a alguien le interese.

Si deseas seguirme en #Nostr •𓅦

primal.net/p/npub1whdfgqn66sytcta0l6c7vlt3h2lg67xcnsmzpk3pyvpmsaaxtdwqr8vs60

Alla nos vemos...escríbeme y pregunta lo que quieras.

Saludos, johnny

@ 75bf2353:e1bfa895

Stay Humble, Stack Sats

"Stay humble, stack sats" is a term used by Matt Odell that summarizes the investment thesis of every Bitcoiner. Staying humble is the art of accepting that we do not know what the price of bitcoin will be in the short term. A "crash" is one China ban or unscrupulous exchange rug-pull away. Those who were rug-pulled think bitcoin is a scam, but the people who understand how the protocol works and take self-custody of their wealth will have an opportunity to stack more sats. Be the latter group, not the former.

In other words, sats flow from those who do not understand bitcoin to those whom understand bitcoin. The bitcoiners who take self custody of their bitcoin are un-ruggable because they hold their own keys. The SBF's of the world cannot gamble away our sats because they do not own our sats.

A common trope among pre-coiners is, "don't invest in things you don't understand." This is good advice, but bitcoin is not an investment. It is money built on a decentralized computer network. It is created by laws of mathematics not government.

📸 study bitcoin.

The purpose of this guide is to teach you how to stack sats without going through a financial institution". History is filled with examples of breaches of trust, monetary debasement and currency death, the result is double-spending.

This is a counter-culture created by bitcoiners who run nodes, mine bitcoin, write code or create bitcoin art like paintings, books, and music. Each bitcoin wallet has an identity, like a fingerprint that cannot be changed. It is binary in a non-binary world, freedom in an unfree world. "Stay Humble, stack sats," is a great tagline. The alliteration is phenomenal, but the way I see it, the goal is to earn sats, spend sats, and save sats.

Take your time. It won't happen over night. There is much to learn. Most people have heard the advice, "don't invest in things you don't understand." This is great advice. If you do not understand bitcoin, you will almost certainly lose money. Some scammer will call you and give a scary story or tell you you they will give you more bitcoin if you deposit some with them first. Some of these are akin to Nigerian prince emails. Other times, famous people on Twitter get hacked and say they will send 2 bitcoin for every one bitcoin you send them. This one time, a company bought ad space on the biggest bitcoin podcast and told everyone they would pay a 7% yield on bitcoin deposits. The most recent heist was pulled off by some vegan pervert who claimed to be an autistic genius and effective altruist. The plain fact is, solving the double spending problem means there is no way to recover your bitcoin if it gets stolen or swindled. You must be vigilant. One whole bitcoin might be worth 10 million dollars in ten years, but if your bitcoin gets stolen or lost, you and your posterity will be unable to spend it.

To protect ourselves, we must:

NEVER GIVE ANYONE YOUR 12 OR 24 WORD SEED PHRASE

REMAIN AS PRIVATE AS POSSIBLE

STAY HUMBLE

Staying humble is not as easy as it sounds, but it is necessary. If you get too over-confident, you might make mistakes. Mistakes can be disastrous. We have all heard stories of people combing through landfills hoping to find laptops worth hundreds of millions of dollars. You don't want to be that guy. The goal of this guide is to teach you how to use bitcoin as it was meant to be used--as peer-to-peer electronic cash.

What Is Bitcoin?

"Writing a description for this thing for general audiences is bloody hard. There's nothing to relate it to."--Satoshi Nakamoto

Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. This is a simple sentence composed of nine words to describe a new monetary system Satoshi explained in nine pages. It contains a lot of math most people don't understand and that's just the calculus. The white paper doesn't have any cryptography because much of the cryptography behind the bitcoin timechain comes from Adam Back's HashCash. Therefore, bitcoin is difficult to explain to a general audience because it is a synthesis of many different components very few people are familiar with. Understanding the intricacies of bitcoin requires background knowledge in distributed computer networking, public key cryptography, Austrian economics, computer science, game theory, calculus, probability, and the history of money.

Most people receive very little( if any) education about these subjects in public school and only a small percentage of college graduates learn anything about these subjects. This makes the bitcoin white paper a work of art very few people can appreciate. I had no idea what most of the White Paper meant when I first read it because I knew almost nothing about these subjects back then. I never heard of cryptography and failed Algebra II in high school and I never took calculus either. I was obsessed with low-stakes, limit hold 'em before studying bitcoin, but that gave me just enough background knowledge to understand this was a serious project.

Satoshi Nakamoto was a brilliant mathematician. He made me realize math is a language like C++ or English. He often translated the code into math, math into code, and code into plain English. In many ways, the bitcoin white paper is like the Rosetta Stone, but one can argue it's historical significance is greater than the Rosetta Stone. This may sound like a bold statement to the uninitiated, but I consider it to be a work of art. I believe anyone with an average IQ can comprehend the bitcoin white paper given enough time, and I encourage you to read it. Then study bitcion more. Read it again. Rinse and repeat.

For the purpose of this guide, however, we will only focus on a the first few sentences.

*A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital Signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.

The purpose of this guide is to teach you how to use bitcoin the way it was meant to be used-- without going through a financial institution.

Explain It To Me Like I'm 5

A decade ago, bitcoin was difficult to learn, but now we have cartoons. This guide aims to make bitcoin easily understandable by anyone with a high school education. If you want to know the gist of why bitcoin is important, watch this three minute clip of the first bitcoin cartoon. You don't need need to learn much about math to use bitcoin if you don't want to. You just need the basic idea behind what the math accomplishes. Here is a three minute explanation from the Tuttle Twins.

This Is Not Financial Advice

Bitcoin is math. This guide is written from the perspective of a dad teaching his kids how to use that math to save bitcoin without going through a financial institution. This is education not financial advice. The point of this guide is to teach you how to stack sats. A million sats is a million sats. I can't predict when a million sats will buy $10,000 and even if I could...Who knows what $10,000 will buy. This guide is bitcoin only and is not concerned with measuring this peer-to-peer electronic system to the money printer go brrrrrr fiat system.

There are no guarantees and it is written with no warranty. If you lose your keys, no one can help you spend your bitcoin. As Satoshi said, it becomes a donation to everyone on the network. Therefore it is important for you to remember the following:

NEVER TYPE YOUR KEYS INTO A COMPUTER CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET

NEVER GIVE YOUR KEYS TO SOMEONE ASKING FOR THEM.

NEVER SEND BITCOIN TO SOMEONE WHO CLAIMS HE WILL GIVE YOU MORE BITCOIN IN RETURN

Financial Institutions Are The Double Spending Problem

The bitcoin white paper was released on October 31st, 2008. The software went live on January 3rd, 2009. The day the genesis block was born using an obscure branch of mathematics known as cryptography. Crypto means secret and graph means writing. Therefore, cryptography is a type of secret writing that has existed for thousands of years. Satoshi left a secret message in the scriptsig(hex) of this block. I said is not necessary to learn much about math if you want to use bitcoin, but the math in the first block is one exception. To the uninitiated, this is just a random string of letters and numbers, but it is actually a huge insight into why bitcoin is important and what solving the double-spending problem achieves

scriptsig(hex) 04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73

Challenge 1

Decrypt the secret message Satoshi left in the genesis block.

Video Tutorial

Why do you think Satoshi left this message in the bitcoin genesis block?

Stay Humble, Stack Sats

"Stay humble, stack sats" is a term used by Matt Odell that summarizes the investment thesis of every Bitcoiner. Staying humble is the art of accepting that we do not know what the price of bitcoin will be in the short term. A "crash" is one China ban or unscrupulous exchange rug-pull away. Those who were rug-pulled think bitcoin is a scam, but the people who understand how the protocol works and take self-custody of their wealth will have an opportunity to stack more sats. Be the latter group, not the former.

In other words, sats flow from those who do not understand bitcoin to those whom understand bitcoin. The bitcoiners who take self custody of their bitcoin are un-ruggable because they hold their own keys. The SBF's of the world cannot gamble away our sats because they do not own our sats.

A common trope among pre-coiners is, "don't invest in things you don't understand." This is good advice, but bitcoin is not an investment. It is money built on a decentralized computer network. It is created by laws of mathematics not government.

📸 study bitcoin.

The purpose of this guide is to teach you how to stack sats without going through a financial institution". History is filled with examples of breaches of trust, monetary debasement and currency death, the result is double-spending.

This is a counter-culture created by bitcoiners who run nodes, mine bitcoin, write code or create bitcoin art like paintings, books, and music. Each bitcoin wallet has an identity, like a fingerprint that cannot be changed. It is binary in a non-binary world, freedom in an unfree world. "Stay Humble, stack sats," is a great tagline. The alliteration is phenomenal, but the way I see it, the goal is to earn sats, spend sats, and save sats.

Take your time. It won't happen over night. There is much to learn. Most people have heard the advice, "don't invest in things you don't understand." This is great advice. If you do not understand bitcoin, you will almost certainly lose money. Some scammer will call you and give a scary story or tell you you they will give you more bitcoin if you deposit some with them first. Some of these are akin to Nigerian prince emails. Other times, famous people on Twitter get hacked and say they will send 2 bitcoin for every one bitcoin you send them. This one time, a company bought ad space on the biggest bitcoin podcast and told everyone they would pay a 7% yield on bitcoin deposits. The most recent heist was pulled off by some vegan pervert who claimed to be an autistic genius and effective altruist. The plain fact is, solving the double spending problem means there is no way to recover your bitcoin if it gets stolen or swindled. You must be vigilant. One whole bitcoin might be worth 10 million dollars in ten years, but if your bitcoin gets stolen or lost, you and your posterity will be unable to spend it.

To protect ourselves, we must:

NEVER GIVE ANYONE YOUR 12 OR 24 WORD SEED PHRASE

REMAIN AS PRIVATE AS POSSIBLE

STAY HUMBLE

Staying humble is not as easy as it sounds, but it is necessary. If you get too over-confident, you might make mistakes. Mistakes can be disastrous. We have all heard stories of people combing through landfills hoping to find laptops worth hundreds of millions of dollars. You don't want to be that guy. The goal of this guide is to teach you how to use bitcoin as it was meant to be used--as peer-to-peer electronic cash.

What Is Bitcoin?

"Writing a description for this thing for general audiences is bloody hard. There's nothing to relate it to."--Satoshi Nakamoto

Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. This is a simple sentence composed of nine words to describe a new monetary system Satoshi explained in nine pages. It contains a lot of math most people don't understand and that's just the calculus. The white paper doesn't have any cryptography because much of the cryptography behind the bitcoin timechain comes from Adam Back's HashCash. Therefore, bitcoin is difficult to explain to a general audience because it is a synthesis of many different components very few people are familiar with. Understanding the intricacies of bitcoin requires background knowledge in distributed computer networking, public key cryptography, Austrian economics, computer science, game theory, calculus, probability, and the history of money.

Most people receive very little( if any) education about these subjects in public school and only a small percentage of college graduates learn anything about these subjects. This makes the bitcoin white paper a work of art very few people can appreciate. I had no idea what most of the White Paper meant when I first read it because I knew almost nothing about these subjects back then. I never heard of cryptography and failed Algebra II in high school and I never took calculus either. I was obsessed with low-stakes, limit hold 'em before studying bitcoin, but that gave me just enough background knowledge to understand this was a serious project.

Satoshi Nakamoto was a brilliant mathematician. He made me realize math is a language like C++ or English. He often translated the code into math, math into code, and code into plain English. In many ways, the bitcoin white paper is like the Rosetta Stone, but one can argue it's historical significance is greater than the Rosetta Stone. This may sound like a bold statement to the uninitiated, but I consider it to be a work of art. I believe anyone with an average IQ can comprehend the bitcoin white paper given enough time, and I encourage you to read it. Then study bitcion more. Read it again. Rinse and repeat.

For the purpose of this guide, however, we will only focus on a the first few sentences.

*A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital Signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.

The purpose of this guide is to teach you how to use bitcoin the way it was meant to be used-- without going through a financial institution.

Explain It To Me Like I'm 5

A decade ago, bitcoin was difficult to learn, but now we have cartoons. This guide aims to make bitcoin easily understandable by anyone with a high school education. If you want to know the gist of why bitcoin is important, watch this three minute clip of the first bitcoin cartoon. You don't need need to learn much about math to use bitcoin if you don't want to. You just need the basic idea behind what the math accomplishes. Here is a three minute explanation from the Tuttle Twins.

This Is Not Financial Advice

Bitcoin is math. This guide is written from the perspective of a dad teaching his kids how to use that math to save bitcoin without going through a financial institution. This is education not financial advice. The point of this guide is to teach you how to stack sats. A million sats is a million sats. I can't predict when a million sats will buy $10,000 and even if I could...Who knows what $10,000 will buy. This guide is bitcoin only and is not concerned with measuring this peer-to-peer electronic system to the money printer go brrrrrr fiat system.

There are no guarantees and it is written with no warranty. If you lose your keys, no one can help you spend your bitcoin. As Satoshi said, it becomes a donation to everyone on the network. Therefore it is important for you to remember the following:

NEVER TYPE YOUR KEYS INTO A COMPUTER CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET

NEVER GIVE YOUR KEYS TO SOMEONE ASKING FOR THEM.

NEVER SEND BITCOIN TO SOMEONE WHO CLAIMS HE WILL GIVE YOU MORE BITCOIN IN RETURN

Financial Institutions Are The Double Spending Problem

The bitcoin white paper was released on October 31st, 2008. The software went live on January 3rd, 2009. The day the genesis block was born using an obscure branch of mathematics known as cryptography. Crypto means secret and graph means writing. Therefore, cryptography is a type of secret writing that has existed for thousands of years. Satoshi left a secret message in the scriptsig(hex) of this block. I said is not necessary to learn much about math if you want to use bitcoin, but the math in the first block is one exception. To the uninitiated, this is just a random string of letters and numbers, but it is actually a huge insight into why bitcoin is important and what solving the double-spending problem achieves

scriptsig(hex) 04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73

Challenge 1

Decrypt the secret message Satoshi left in the genesis block.

nostr:naddr1qqrkuw2gwdaxj7qzyp6m7g6nrt5lnrrzn9d6quv3ujyw44r4jafhr43a0h75d00ph75f2qcyqqqgtwc23zmhl

Why do you think Satoshi left this message in the bitcoin genesis block?

₿logging ₿itcoin 841,975 debtclock 🧡 Support this blog by using the Value 4 Value model. Follow Me on Nostr ⚡[Zap This!(10% Goes To OpenSats)]https://nosl.ink/tadiqmv-) 🍐Join my Keet Room 📻 Stream sats ❓Send a Boostagram 🛒Shop The Elliptic Curve Economy

@ ec965405:63996966

Re #introductions

For the next couple of months, the team at nos.social, led by @Rabble@nos.social, is supporting me in building engaging social media for my community with their new Nostr client. I'm an activist who is dedicating this season of my life to learning how computers and the Internet work. After stumbling across Nostr last year in search of better social media experiences, I entered a blogging contest with https://nostr.build and won a creator account. My interest and enthusiasm for this protocol has only grown.

RE #introducciones

Durante los próximos meses, el equipo de nos.social, liderado por Rabble@nos.social, me ayudará a crear una experiencia atractiva para mi comunidad con su nuevo cliente de Nostr. Soy un activisa dedicado a aprender cómo funcionan las computadoras y el Internet. Despues de encontrar a Nostr el año pasado en la busqueda de mejores experiencias en las redes sociales, participé en un concurso de blogs con [[nostr.build]] y gané una cuenta de creador. Mi interés y entusiasmo por este protocolo no ha hecho más que aumentar.

Liberation Tech

The world is having a moment right now. Social media is evolving into a tool for collective liberation. It couldn't have come at a better time. We have an opportunity to reconstruct a digital public commons. Tools like Nostr are blueprints for building resilient social media and represent a rejection of the factory of manufactured consent that defines our current political realities. A liberated fifth estate built on open protocols could channel people power into material improvements within our lifetimes. We are not going back to the way things used to be.

Tecnología de Liberación

Actualmente estamos viviendo un momento critical. Las redes sociales se estan evolucionando hacia una herramienta para nuestra liberación colectiva. No podría haber llegado en mejor momento. Tenemos una oportunidad de reconstruir la plaza digital del pueblo. Herramientas como Nostr son modelos para construir redes sociales resistentes y representan un rechazo a la fábrica de consentimiento manufacturado que define nuestras realidades políticas actuales. Un quinto estado liberado, basado en protocolos abiertas podría canalizar el poder del pueblo hacia un cambio material en el transcurso de nuestras vidas.

Explore my Asteroid

I host my main web page from an asteroid with Uberspace, a small team of supportive technologists who provide an affordable Linux server that runs on renewable energy. On it I run a personal relay for on-boarding my community to Nostr as well as learning to code. Find resources and more about what I'm working on at https://miguelalmodo.com.

Explora mi asteroide.

Mi pagina web principal se encuentra en un asteroide con Uberspace, un equipo chiquito de tecnólogos solidarios que ofrecen un servidor Linux barata que funciona con energía renovable. En él, gestiono un relevo personal para incorporar a mi comunidad a Nostr, además de aprender a programar. Encuentra rescursos y mas sobre lo que estoy creando en https://miguelalmodo.com

@ 577781c0:fdc71ebd

The bitcoin and cryptocurrency chatter in the political sphere just keeps ramping up. Personally, I see this as a good thing, a sign of things growing more and more normalized and mainstream. It also shows that bitcoin is no longer able to be avoided by those who, until recently, have loved merely snuffing it away as a tulip fad.

Namely, banks, Wall Street, and politicians are taking note and waking up. This is partly due to the fact that the financiers see money to be made. For instance, the turnaround on the Ethereum ETF was astounding. I'm not sure that anyone who is not on Wall Street or "inside the beltway" (i.e., Washington political insiders) knows exactly why the mood on the ETH ETF suddenly changed from, "No way, ain't happening," to, "Yes, it's happening, and it'll be approved by the end of the week." And it did.

The second reason I think the powers-that-be are waking up to bitcoin and crypto is that we the people are demanding they do so. It's becoming unavoidable to not pay attention. Intellectual property and innovation are being drained away from the U.S. (see meme below). People are taking notice and people are blaming politicians for this lack of legal clarity, protection, or outright aggression toward this intellectual property and innovation. Angry people means angry voters, and that gets the attention of vote-lusting politicians.

The well-worn "quote" of

1. First they ignore you,
2. then they laugh at you,
3. then they fight you,
4. then you win.

means we're squarely in stage 3. Wall Street seems to be warming up to bitcoin most quickly, probably because they see money to be made (witness the bitcoin ETFs and the miraculous turnaround on the ETH ETFs). Banks seem to publicly still be anti-bitcoin (they scared), though they're working the other side of the coin as well (witness Jamie Dimon's public comments and JPMorgan's involvement in the ETFs). And as far as politicians, well, we all know of Senator Elizabeth Warren and her "anti-crypto army." Phase 3. Personally, I think her stance is little more than a stunt pandering to her base, a freakshow with the aim of keeping her name in the news. The "bitcoin is a scam" line is an easy to digest clickbait trope that gets one's name in the headlines. And, that's it. The tripe about protecting the helpless, or those at the bottom of the income ladder, or whomever, is merely verbal cover for the pandering. If politicians really wanted to help the poor, they'd truly commit to an army battling inflation...the devilish thief that steals away everyone's earnings, especially those at the bottom of the income ladder. If they wanted to truly help those "living paycheck to paycheck," politicians would attack inflation with sound money policies instead of enacting policies that exacerbate and accelerate it, and thus hurt the poor more than anyone.

A third reason I think things are changing is that a growing number of these folks are waking up to the fact that they're realizing that bitcoin is unstoppable. Wholly frustrating to them, they're realizing it is beyond the control of their power-hungry souls. There is no off switch, Dave Ramsey, and Satoshi can't come back and erase it, Jamie Dimon.

https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/crrdlx/EpvjSHBENTZ8952TVb7AZHETYLQj5K8SkiThXyUWYCRwxPQ5JPaZhepAzPrKcVqWkQp.png Source: https://wtop.com/inauguration/2021/01/inside-joe-bidens-newly-decorated-oval-office/

Change of tune

So, when the bitcoin and crypto talk recently began to turn in the political sphere, this is a good thing right? We've all seen articles such as this one about Trump pandering to bitcoin and crypto voters. Trump seems to have warmed to bitcoin and crypto considerably since his presidency days. At least he says so.

Most of the things I've seen online have been akin to, "This is great! Bitcoin voters might decide the election and then we'll have a pro-bitcoin, pro-crypto presidency!"

I've been a bit surprised though at the push-back that has been "out there." More than a couple of people, some prominent people, have responded such as, "Don't believe any of it. Politicians will say anything to get votes. If he was pro-bitcoin, he would've done it when he was president." One person wrote something like, "Don't even participate in their voting. If you vote, you're just playing into their hands, a pawn they're moving around." We plebeians definitely don't hold the power, but I'm not sure what the alternative is.

A few things here: first, words like Trump's are politics. The default for all is to not believe. Secondly, I think this skeptical view is healthy. Frankly, it's the bitcoin way: don't trust, verify. Third, we've all been burnt many times over by politicians' words and their following actions. I think of going to the movies. In cinema there is the concept of the "voluntary suspension of disbelief"...the "contract" when stepping into the theater that says, "If you agree to entertain me, then I agree to forget that there's no possibility of a 100 foot tall gorilla climbing the Empire State Building and swatting helicopters." To a degree, we kind of expect this type of thing politically...we understand that politicians say anything, but also don't exactly expect them to follow through completely as stated.

Side note: I once heard a movie critic griping about "King Kong" the movie by making the point, "There's no way a woman can survive wearing nothing but a slinky night gown in the middle of the New York winter, of course she'd freeze to death. That's outlandish!" This complaint was being made despite the 100 foot gorilla is swatting helicopters in the background. I guess the slinky night gown suspension of disbelief was too much.

The question, then

I suppose my ultimate question is, "What would you prefer to hear a politician saying regarding bitcoin and crypto?"

1. "It's all tulip mania, scammery, and needs to be totally banned today."
2. "It's remarkable tech, sound money, and needs to be totally free to flourish."
3. "It's a mix of terrific and scammery and we need to work with the good and squelch the bad."
4. Nothing.

There's no question in my mind that the ultimate response by governments is going to be, "Bitcoin has a place, we just need to make sure everything is on the up-and-up." Effectively, that's what Trump said in the sentence:

I’m fine with it. I want to make sure it’s good and solid and everything else, but I’m good with it.

I totally get that there are nuances here. The "good and solid and everything else" implies regulation in some form. That, of course, is a spectrum of control from almost none to total CBDC surveillance money. Personally, I wish it would be regulated no more than anything else. In other words, regulated very little, but prosecute the criminals. Scammers and thieves using bitcoin and crypto should be punished for fraud and larceny, but don't punish the vehicle they use to commit the fraud or larceny. It doesn't matter if they did a phone scam or crypto scam, the crime is the fraud and larceny, not the tool, the telephone or computer. It's the same as murder by gunshot or murder by hammer, we prosecute murder regardless of the weapon. (And we don't ban hammers when a hammer murder occurs.)

Yes, Trump's earlier words were not pro-bitcoin. But, can't people change? Isn't "orange-pilling" and "going down the rabbit hole" a process? And, again, if not these words, what would you prefer that a politician say?

We bitcoiners hate to trust anything, but in the case of politicians' words during an election and their actions in office, there's no other way other than trust-and-then-see. And yes, ultimately, it is actions that matter, not words. The choice then is a candidate who openly says he's against bitcoin and crypto and favors regulation or a candidate who says he's "okay with" it.

---

Note: this isn't necessarily meant to be pro-Trump, I try to stay out of politics. This is just an umpire calling them like I see them, calling balls and strikes. In this situation, Biden/Warren are pitching balls and Trump is pitching strikes.

@ 0861144c:e68a1caf

This is my lecture of the day and learned something. I made a draw in order to understand it better.

Recently I learned about the Finney Attack which was very interesting in theory but today it's a little hard to do it. So, let's say there's a guy (named Troll Finney) who has the best decentralized protocol, the internet of money named FinCoin (FIC), so let's go buy stuff with Troll who has bad intentions.

Finney Attack explained

So, in this example, we have: two shops, two transactions, two miners and one coin[^1]. Let's go shopping and make an attack to the network.

1. Let's say you want to buy...a coffee. You get there and your payment method is FIC.
2. But at the same time, you're selling a bag of tea to someone. This fren will pay you also in FIC.
3. Here's come the tricky part. Previous to pay the coffee Mr. Troll made a copy of the same coin he received. So now he has one FIC and a copy of tha same coin.
4. Troll send the coin to shop 1 and shop 2 at the same exact time.
5. The first bitcoin to broadcast the transaction will be the winner. Since both shops have the same coin, one shop won't have nothing.

So, as a result, SHOP X or SHOP Y will win? Even if Troll told you he made the transaction, someone won't get the coin. Yes, the miner with lower hashrate will lose obviously but it's not that simple to perform since most exchanges (in case you want to trade) requires a 2 or 3 confirmations before make the deposit in their platforms.

[^1]: One coin to rule them all!

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

As principais conclusões de um estudo sobre a iliteracia financeira dos portugueses:

• 64% dos portugueses apresenta um baixo conhecimento financeiro.
• Apenas 39% dos portugueses consegue fazer face a uma despesa inesperada de 2.000 euros.
• 72% dos portugueses não desenvolveu qualquer tipo de plano financeiro para a reforma.
• 1 em cada 4 portugueses tem dificuldades em pagar as contas e cumprir as suas obrigações financeiras.
• 45% dos portugueses nunca investiu. Apenas 38% já considerou fazê-lo.

Conclusões

São 5 pontos muito esclarecedores da falta de literacia financeira dos portugueses, isto explica muito o porquê de não compreenderem o #Bitcoin.

Mesmo os jovens que estão mais aberto ao mundo cripto, preferem mais o cripto do que #Bitcoin. Os jovens não olham para isto como uma poupança mas sim uma maneira fácil de enriquecimento, um gambling.

Analisado bem, é fácil de compreender o porquê dos portugueses não entenderem o Bitcoin. O Bitcoin tem o objetivo de ser uma solução para o problema da moeda fiduciária. O baixo conhecimento dos portugueses não lhes permite identificar a existência desse problema, logo não procuram uma solução. As pessoas só procuram uma solução quando identificam um problema.

Se o mais básico, os portugueses não conseguem decifrar, dificilmente vão compreender a complexidade extrema na qual foi construído o atual sistema financeiro.

Pensões

O atual sistema de pensões está a colapsar, os estudos de hoje indicam que em 2050 a taxa de substituição será inferior a 40%. Com um mundo a entrar numa espiral da morte de dívida soberana, as moedas vão ser fortemente desvalorizadas, vamos viver um longo período de inflação alta, que irá destruir os fundos de pensões, que resultará numa taxa de substituição muito mais baixa, do que o estudo indica.

Com tudo isto, como é possível que 72% dos portugueses não têm qualquer plano para a reforma.

Preferência temporal

Se 60% dos portugueses não têm 2000€ para uma despesa inesperada, como podem investir? Os portugueses necessitam de ser mais poupados e ter uma preferência temporal mais baixa.

---

O estudo: https://www.doutorfinancas.pt/estudobemestarfinanceiro/

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

รัฐบาลโกงยังไง? หนังสือเล่มนี้แฉหมด!

เชื่อไหมว่า.. พวกเราโดนรัฐบาลหลอกมาตลอดชีวิต?

เออ.. ผมไม่ได้หมายถึงเรื่องลึกลับ Aliens หรือ Illuminati อะไรนั่นนะ ผมหมายถึงเรื่องใกล้ตัว เรื่องเศรษฐกิจนี่แหละ!

เคยรู้สึกไหมว่า.. นโยบายรัฐบาลแม่งออกมายังไงก็ไม่เห็นจะดีขึ้น ว่างงานก็ยังเยอะ ของก็แพง แต่ภาษีแม่งก็ขึ้นทุกปี แล้วไอ้พวกนักเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่ออกมาพูด ๆ ก็เหมือนจะเข้าข้างรัฐบาลตลอด พูดแต่เรื่อง GDP เงินเฟ้อ ดอกเบี้ย แต่ไม่เคยพูดถึงความจริงที่ว่าชีวิตชาวบ้านอย่างเรามันยากลำบากขึ้นทุกวันๆ สรุปคือเรา "รากหญ้า" นี่แหละที่ต้องแบกรับมันทุกอย่าง

ผมเอง.. นอกจากจะสนใจเรื่อง Bitcoin ผมยังแอบสนใจในเศรษฐศาสตร์แนว Austrian School มานานละ เพราะรู้สึกว่ามันค่อนข้าง "Real" ดี มันไม่ใช่แค่ทฤษฎีเลื่อนลอยหรือสูตรคำนวณเว่อร์ ๆ แบบที่พวก Keynesian ชอบใช้ Austrian Economics มันมองคน มองความเป็นจริง มองผลกระทบระยะยาว ไม่ใช่แค่แก้ปัญหาเฉพาะหน้าเหมือนที่รัฐบาลชอบทำ

ผมได้อ่านพรีวิวเนื้อหาในหนังสือชื่อว่า "Economics in One Lesson" เขียนโดย เฮนรี แฮซลิตต์ (Henry แฮซลิตต์) ตอนแรกเห็นชื่อก็คิดว่าคงเป็นตำราเศรษฐศาสตร์น่าเบื่อๆ อีกล่ะ แต่พอเปิดอ่านเท่านั้นแหละ.. เหมือนโดนแฮซลิตต์ตบหน้า (ในเชิงความคิด) ทุกบท ทุกตัวอย่าง มันทำให้ผมตาสว่าง และเข้าใจว่าสิ่งที่รัฐบาลชอบทำเนี่ย มันไม่ได้ช่วยเศรษฐกิจจริง ๆ หรอก แต่เป็นการซุกปัญหาไว้ใต้พรมแล้วโยนบาปให้ประชาชนอย่างเรา ๆ

แฮซลิตต์ไม่ได้แค่ด่ารัฐบาลลอยๆ นะครับ เขายังได้อธิบายอย่างเป็นเหตุเป็นผล ยกตัวอย่างชัดเจน เขาแฉหมดไม่ว่าจะเป็นเรื่องภาษี เรื่องการควบคุมราคา นโยบายงานสาธารณะ สวัสดิการสังคม การพิมพ์เงิน การอุ้มธุรกิจ ฯลฯ อ่านแล้วเราจะรู้เลยว่ารัฐบาลมันเล่นกลหลอกลวงประชาชนยังไง และ Austrian Economics มองเรื่องพวกนี้ต่างจาก Keynesian ยังไง

ผมนี่อยากจะตะโกนดัง ๆ ว่า "พวกมึง (รัฐบาล) แม่งโกงว่ะ!"

แต่ก็ทำได้แค่เห็นดีเห็นงามให้ อ.ขิง ไปแปลมันซะ อยากให้เพื่อนๆ ได้อ่านหนังสือดีๆ แล้วตัวเองก็มานั่งเขียนบทความรีวิวนี้แหละครับ (ฮา)

แฮซลิตต์ตบหน้าเคนส์ด้วย "One Lesson"

ความรู้สึกแรกที่อ่าน Economics in One Lesson เนี่ย...

ผมเหมือนโดน แฮซลิตต์ ตบหน้าชา ๆ เลยครับ (แต่เป็นการตบหน้าเชิงความคิดนะ ไม่ใช่ตบจริง ๆ ) เพราะตลอดชีวิต ผม (และเชื่อว่าอีกหลาย ๆ คน) น่าจะถูกทำให้เข้าใจมาแบบ Keynesian ตลอด คือ รัฐบาลต้องเข้ามาแทรกแซงเศรษฐกิจ ต้องกระตุ้นการใช้จ่าย ต้องพิมพ์เงิน ต้องมีสวัสดิการ เพื่อให้เศรษฐกิจมันเดินหน้าต่อไปได้

แต่พอมาเจอหนังสือของแฮซลิตต์และแนวคิด Austrian Economics เท่านั้นแหละ เหมือนโลกทัศน์ทางเศรษฐกิจของเราถูกพลิกกลับด้าน แฮซลิตต์เขาตบหน้าความเชื่อแบบ Keynesian ด้วยหลักการง่าย ๆ แค่ข้อเดียวที่เขาเรียกว่า "One Lesson" ซึ่งเป็นหลักการที่โคตรจะ "Common Sense" แต่กลับถูกมองข้ามไปอย่างหน้าตาเฉย นั่นคือ.. เวลาเรามองนโยบายเศรษฐกิจอะไรก็ตามเราต้องมองให้ครบ อย่ามองแค่ผลกระทบระยะสั้น หรือผลกระทบต่อคนกลุ่มใดกลุ่มหนึ่ง แต่ต้องมอง "ผลกระทบระยะยาว" และ "ผลกระทบต่อทุกกลุ่ม" ซึ่ง แฮซลิตต์เรียกผลกระทบที่เรามองไม่เห็นหรือมองข้ามไปว่า "ผลกระทบรอง"

ยกตัวอย่างง่าย ๆ แบบที่แฮซลิตต์เขาชอบยก คือ เรื่อง "หน้าต่างแตก"

ลองนึกภาพตามนะครับ.. สมมติมีเด็กเกเรปาหินใส่หน้าต่างร้านค้าแตก คนทั่วไปก็จะเห็นว่า เออ.. อย่างน้อยช่างกระจกก็ได้งาน เศรษฐกิจก็หมุนเวียน แต่แฮซลิตต์เขาชี้ให้เห็นว่า.. นั่นเป็นการมองแบบผิวเผิน เพราะสิ่งที่เรามองไม่เห็น คือ เจ้าของร้านต้องเสียเงินซ่อมหน้าต่าง ซึ่งเงินจำนวนนั้นเขาอาจจะเอาไปซื้อของอย่างอื่น เช่น อาจจะซื้อจักรยานใหม่ ซึ่งการซื้อจักรยานมันอาจจะสร้างประโยชน์ต่อเศรษฐกิจมากกว่าการซ่อมหน้าต่างก็ได้ ใครจะรู้?

เห็นภาพไหมครับ? Keynesian นั้นมองแค่ปลายจมูก เห็นแค่ว่าช่างกระจกจะได้งาน แต่แฮซลิตต์เขามองภาพรวม มองเห็นผลกระทบระยะยาว มองเห็นว่าเจ้าของร้านเสียโอกาสที่จะได้ใช้จ่ายเงินไปกับสิ่งที่อาจจะสร้างประโยชน์มากกว่า

และด้วยหลักการ "One Lesson" นี้แหละ ที่แฮซลิตต์เขาเอาไปวิพากษ์วิจารณ์นโยบายรัฐบาลแทบทุกอย่าง ไม่ว่าจะเป็นนโยบายงานสาธารณะที่รัฐบาลมักจะบอกว่าสร้างขึ้นมาเพื่อสร้างงาน กระตุ้นเศรษฐกิจ แต่แฮซลิตต์ก็แฉว่า จริง ๆ แล้ว เงินที่เอามาสร้าง มันมาจากภาษี ซึ่งแปลว่าภาคเอกชนมีเงินลงทุนน้อยลง สุดท้ายก็ไม่ได้สร้างงานเพิ่ม แค่ย้ายงานจากที่นึงไปอีกที่นึงเท่านั้น

หรือจะเป็นเรื่องการควบคุมราคา ที่รัฐบาลมักจะบอกว่าทำไปเพื่อช่วยเหลือผู้บริโภค แฮซลิตต์ ก็ออกมาแฉว่าการกำหนดเพดานราคามันไม่ได้แก้ปัญหา แต่กลับทำให้สินค้าขาดตลาด เกิดตลาดมืด และเราภาพสินค้าแย่ลง ที่สำคัญคือมันเป็นการทำลายกลไกตลาดที่ควรจะปรับตัวได้เองโดยธรรมชาติ

แฮซลิตต์ยังวิจารณ์นโยบายภาษีที่รัฐบาลบอกว่าเก็บไปเพื่อพัฒนาประเทศ แต่แฮซลิตต์ชี้ให้เห็นว่า “ภาษีที่สูง” มันเป็นการลงโทษคนขยัน ทำลายแรงจูงใจในการทำงานและทำให้เศรษฐกิจเติบโตช้าลง รวมถึงเรื่องสวัสดิการ ที่รัฐบาลชอบบอกว่าต้องมีเพื่อช่วยเหลือคนยากจน แฮซลิตต์ก็แฉว่า สวัสดิการที่มากเกินไป ทำให้คนไม่อยากทำงาน กลายเป็นภาระของรัฐบาล และสุดท้ายก็ล้มละลาย

นี่ยังไม่หมดนะครับ.. แฮซลิตต์เขายังวิจารณ์อีกหลายเรื่อง ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการพิมพ์เงิน การอุ้มธุรกิจ การกีดกันทางการค้า ฯลฯ

แม้ว่า แฮซลิตต์ จะเขียน “Economics in One Lesson” ตั้งแต่ปี 1946 แต่เนื้อหามันก็ยัง Relevant กับโลกทุกวันนี้ เพราะรัฐบาลทั่วโลกก็ยังคงใช้นโยบายแบบเดิม ๆ หลอกลวงประชาชนแบบเดิม ๆ ผมอ่านแล้วอยากจะเอาหนังสือ Economics in One Lesson ไปปายัดหน้าคนพวกนี้สักสิบรอบ เผื่อจะตาสว่างขึ้นมาบ้าง

อาวุธลับ Austrian Economics ปี 2024

ทีนี้พอพูดถึง Austrian Economics หลายคนอาจจะงงๆ ว่ามันคืออะไร เกี่ยวอะไรกับ Bitcoin เกี่ยวอะไรกับแฮซลิตต์ และเกี่ยวอะไรกับเราในปี 2024 (และปีต่อๆ ไป) ผมจะเล่าแบบง่ายๆ ให้ฟังละกันนะครับ

”Austrian Economics” มันเป็นสำนักคิดทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่เน้น "Logic" เป็นหลัก คือ ใช้ตรรกะ เหตุผลในการวิเคราะห์ ไม่ใช่ใช้สูตรคำนวณ ไม่ใช้แบบจำลองหรือสถิติอย่างที่ที่ Keynesian ชอบใช้

Austrian Economics มองว่าเศรษฐกิจมันซับซ้อนเกินกว่าที่จะยัดลงในสมการ และสิ่งสำคัญคือการเข้าใจ "Human Action" หรือ พฤติกรรมของมนุษย์ เพราะมนุษย์แต่ละคนจะมีแรงจูงใจ ความต้องการ และความรู้ ที่แตกต่างกัน ซึ่งส่งผลต่อการตัดสินใจทางเศรษฐกิจของพวกเขา

นอกจากนี้ Austrian Economics ยังเน้น "Individualism" หรือ ความสำคัญของปัจเจกชน มองว่าเศรษฐกิจมันขับเคลื่อนด้วยการตัดสินใจของปัจเจกชน ไม่ใช่การควบคุมจากส่วนกลางหรือรัฐบาล ซึ่งตรงนี้แหละที่ทำให้ Austrian Economics เชื่อมโยงกับ Bitcoin อย่างมาก

เพราะ Bitcoin มันคือ "Sound Money" ที่ไม่มีใครควบคุม มันเป็น Decentralized คือ กระจายอำนาจ ไม่มีใครสามารถพิมพ์เงินเพิ่มได้ตามใจชอบเหมือนเงิน Fiat ที่รัฐบาลควบคุม และสิ่งนี้มันสอดคล้องกับปรัชญาของ Austrian Economics ที่เชื่อใน ”Free Market” หรือ ”ตลาดเสรี” ที่ปัจเจกชนมีอิสระในการตัดสินใจ โดยไม่ต้องถูกแทรกแซงจากรัฐบาล

ถ้าจะเปรียบเทียบ Keynesian กับ Austrian Economics แบบเห็นภาพ Keynesian มันเหมือนหมอที่พยายามควบคุมร่างกายของเราด้วยการให้ยา ผ่าตัด หรือบังคับให้เราทำตามคำสั่ง ส่วน Austrian Economics มันเหมือน "ภูมิคุ้มกัน" ของร่างกาย ที่ปล่อยให้ร่างกายจัดการตัวเอง ซ่อมแซมตัวเอง โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งหมอมากนัก

และหนังสือของแฮซลิตต์นี่แหละ ที่เป็นเหมือน "วัคซีน" ฉีดภูมิคุ้มกันความรู้แบบ Austrian Economics ให้กับเรา ทำให้เราเข้าใจหลักการพื้นฐานและวิธีมองเศรษฐกิจแบบ Austrian

ตัวอย่างเช่น เรื่องเงินเฟ้อที่ Keynesian มองว่าเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นเพื่อกระตุ้นเศรษฐกิจ แต่ Austrian Economics มองว่าเงินเฟ้อเป็น "ขโมย" ที่ขโมยอำนาจซื้อของเรา ทำให้เราจนลงโดยที่เราไม่รู้ตัว

หรือเรื่องการว่างงานที่ Keynesian มองว่ารัฐบาลต้องเข้ามาแก้ไข ด้วยการสร้างงานสาธารณะ หรือ แจกเงิน แต่ Austrian Economics มองว่าการว่างงานเกิดจาก "Wage Rigidity" หรือ ”ค่าจ้างที่ไม่ยืดหยุ่น” ส่วนใหญ่เป็นเพราะสหภาพแรงงานหรือกฎหมายค่าแรงขั้นต่ำที่ทำให้ค่าจ้างสูงเกินไป จนผู้ประกอบการไม่สามารถจ้างงานได้

จะเห็นได้ว่า Austrian Economics มันมองต่างจาก Keynesian ในหลาย ๆ เรื่อง และหนังสือของแฮซลิตต์ มันเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นที่ดีที่จะทำให้เราเข้าใจ Austrian Economics ได้มากขึ้น

ผมอยากแนะนำให้ทุกคนที่สนใจ Bitcoin เศรษฐศาสตร์ หรือ การเมือง ลองศึกษา Austrian Economics กันดูครับ เพราะมันจะทำให้เราเข้าใจโลก เข้าใจเศรษฐกิจ และเข้าใจตัวเองมากยิ่งขึ้น และที่สำคัญมันจะทำให้เรารู้ทัน และไม่โดนรัฐบาลหลอกเอาง่ายๆ

อ่านแล้วได้อะไร? ทำไมต้องอ่าน?

เอาล่ะ มาถึงตรงนี้ หลายคนอาจจะคิดว่า "แล้วหนังสือเล่มนี้มันจะให้อะไรกับเราวะ?"

"ทำไมเราต้องอ่าน?" "มันจะช่วยให้ชีวิตเราง่ายขึ้น รวยขึ้น หรือหล่อขึ้นไหม?" (ฮา)

ผมบอกเลยว่าหนังสือเล่มนี้ มันไม่ใช่แค่ตำราเศรษฐศาสตร์น่าเบื่อ ๆ ที่สอนแต่ทฤษฎี ตัวเลข หรือสมการที่ทำให้เราหลับคาหนังสือ แต่แฮซลิตต์เขาเขียนแบบเข้าใจง่าย ยกตัวอย่างใกล้ตัวเหมือนกำลังนั่งคุยกับเรา เล่าเรื่องเศรษฐกิจแบบ "Common Sense" ให้เราฟัง

สิ่งแรกที่เราจะได้จากหนังสือเล่มนี้ คือ "ความรู้" ทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่ถูกต้อง แม่นยำ และ "ใช้ได้จริง" ไม่ใช่ความรู้แบบท่องจำหรือแค่ทฤษฎีเลื่อนลอย แฮซลิตต์จะพาเราดำดิ่งสู่โลกของ Austrian Economics ซึ่งจะทำให้เราเข้าใจ "Human Action" ที่เป็นตัวขับเคลื่อนเศรษฐกิจ ไม่เหมือน Keynesian ที่มองเศรษฐกิจแบบ "Top-down" คือ รัฐบาลต้องเข้ามาควบคุม แทรกแซง แต่ Austrian Economics นั้นมองแบบ "Bottom-up" คือ เศรษฐกิจมันขับเคลื่อนด้วยการตัดสินใจของปัจเจกชน

และแฮซลิตต์ก็สอนให้เรามอง "ผลกระทบระยะยาว" ของนโยบายซึ่งเป็นสิ่งที่รัฐบาลมักจะมองข้ามหรือจงใจไม่พูดถึง รัฐบาลชอบโฆษณาชวนเชื่อ พูดถึงแต่ผลประโยชน์ระยะสั้นแต่ไม่เคยพูดถึงผลเสียระยะยาว แฮซลิตต์จะสอนให้เรา "มองทะลุ" มายาคติและเห็น "ความจริง" ที่รัฐบาลพยายามปกปิด

นอกจากความรู้แล้ว หนังสือเล่มนี้ยังเป็น "เครื่องมือ" วิเคราะห์นโยบายเศรษฐกิจ ทำให้เรามองทะลุกลโกงของรัฐบาล รู้ทันว่านโยบายแต่ละอย่างมันมีผลกระทบที่แท้จริงอย่างไร อย่างการพิมพ์เงิน ที่รัฐบาลชอบทำเวลาเศรษฐกิจแย่โดยอ้างว่าเป็นการกระตุ้นเศรษฐกิจ แต่แฮซลิตต์จะทำให้เราเห็นว่า การพิมพ์เงินมันไม่ได้สร้างความมั่งคั่ง แต่เป็นการ "ขโมย" อำนาจซื้อจากประชาชน ทำให้เงินเฟ้อ ของแพง และชีวิตความเป็นอยู่ยากลำบากขึ้น

ที่สำคัญที่สุด หนังสือเล่มนี้จะ "เปลี่ยนวิธีมองโลก" ของเรา ทำให้เรามองเห็นความเชื่อมโยง มองเห็น "Big Picture" ของระบบเศรษฐกิจ ทำให้เราเข้าใจว่าการแทรกแซงของรัฐบาลมักจะนำไปสู่ผลลัพธ์ที่ "เลวร้าย" ยิ่งกว่าเดิม และ "ตลาดเสรี" ต่างหากที่เป็นกลไก "ธรรมชาติ" ที่สมดุลและช่วยสร้างความเจริญรุ่งเรืองได้อย่างยั่งยืน

ถ้าเราเป็นคนที่สนใจ Bitcoin เศรษฐศาสตร์ หรือ การเมือง ผมบอกเลยว่า Economics in One Lesson เป็นหนังสือที่เรา "ต้องอ่าน" เพราะมันจะทำให้เรา "ฉลาด" ขึ้น ไม่ใช่แค่ฉลาดแบบท่องจำ แต่ฉลาดแบบ "เข้าใจ" "คิดเป็น" "วิเคราะห์เป็น" และ "ตัดสินใจได้อย่างชาญฉลาด"

มันเหมือนแฮซลิตต์กำลังยื่น "อาวุธลับ" ให้กับเรา เพื่อต่อสู้กับ "ความโง่เขลา" ของรัฐบาลและ "ความไม่รู้" ของตัวเราเอง

เพราะ "ความรู้" ก็คือ อำนาจ และ Economics in One Lesson คือ หนังสือที่จะมอบ "อำนาจ" นั้นให้กับเรา

ลองถามตัวเองดูครับว่าเราอยากเป็น "เหยื่อ" ที่ถูกหลอกโดยรัฐบาล หรือ อยากเป็น "ผู้รู้" ที่มองทะลุกลโกงและสามารถตัดสินใจเลือกทางเดินชีวิตได้อย่างชาญฉลาด

ถ้าอยากเป็น "ผู้รู้" แฮซลิตต์และหนังสือเล่มนี้รอเราอยู่ครับ (รอ อ.ขิง แปลให้เสร็จก่อนด้วย)

ส่งท้าย

เฮ้อ... เขียนมาซะยาวเลย เหนื่อยเหมือนกันนะครับเนี่ย (ทำไมต้องเขียนยาวตลอดด้วย)

ใครที่สนใจเรื่องเศรษฐศาสตร์ การเมือง Bitcoin หรือ Austrian Economics ลองหาต้นฉบับหนังสือ Economics in One Lesson มาอ่านกันดูนะครับ หรือจะรอฉบับแปลไทยของ อ.ขิง ของเราก็ได้ รับรองว่าไม่ผิดหวังแน่นอน

ถ้าอยากติดตามบทความ Long-form อื่นๆ ของผม ก็สามารถติดตามได้ที่ รวมบทความ Long-form ของ Jakk และถ้าชอบผลงานของผม อยากสนับสนุน ก็สามารถ Zap กันได้เลยตามอัธยาศัยครับ (ไม่เคยพูดอะไรแบบนี้มาก่อนเลยนะเนี่ย)

ผมเชื่อในปรัชญา ”Value for Value” คือ ถ้าเราได้รับเราค่าจากงานของผม เราก็สามารถตอบแทนได้ด้วยมูลค่าที่เราเห็นสมควร

เอาล่ะ.. ส่งท้ายละ..

หลายคนอาจสงสัยว่า ไอ้ที่แฮซลิตต์เขาเขียนวิจารณ์รัฐบาลเนี่ย มันเกี่ยวกับ Keynesian ยังไง?

เอาจริงๆ คือ แฮซลิตต์ เขาไม่ได้ใช้คำว่า "โกง" ตรงๆ หรอกนะครับ แต่วิธีที่เขาอธิบาย วิเคราะห์ และยกตัวอย่างผลกระทบของนโยบายรัฐบาล มันทำให้เห็นชัดเลยว่า นโยบายแบบ Keynesian เนี่ย มันไม่ได้ช่วยเศรษฐกิจจริง ๆ แถมยังสร้างความเสียหายระยะยาวอีกต่างหาก

แฮซลิตต์ เขาเชื่อว่ารัฐบาลไม่ควรยุ่งกับเศรษฐกิจมาก ควรแค่สร้างกฎกติกาให้เป็นธรรม แล้วปล่อยให้ตลาดมันทำงานของมันไป (Leissez faire)

แต่แน่นอน.. นี่เป็นมุมมองของแฮซลิตต์ซึ่งเป็น Austrian School ที่วิจารณ์ Keynesian มันก็มีนักเศรษฐศาสตร์อีกหลายคนที่เห็นต่างและเชื่อว่า Keynesian เป็นทางออกของเศรษฐกิจ (เราได้ยินได้เห็นกันบ่อยแล้ว)

สุดท้าย ใครจะถูก ใครจะผิด ก็อยู่ที่มุมมองและการตีความของแต่ละคนครับ

ปล.

• ใครที่อ่าน Economics in One Lesson จบแล้ว อยากต่อยอดความรู้ แนะนำให้อ่าน “Human Action” ของ Ludwig von Mises ครับ เป็น "ตำราแม่" ของ Austrian Economics เลย
• ส่วนตัวผมมองว่า Economics in One Lesson เป็นหนังสือที่ "เปลี่ยนมุมมอง" ผมเลย มันทำให้ผมมองโลก มองเศรษฐกิจ มองการเมือง ต่างไปจากเดิม และทำให้ผม "เข้าใจ" และ "คิดเป็น"
• สุดท้ายอยากฝากไว้ว่า การศึกษา การเรียนรู้ เป็นสิ่งสำคัญ อย่าหยุดที่จะ "ตั้งคำถาม" "ค้นคว้า" และ "พัฒนาตัวเอง" นะครับ เพราะ "ความรู้" คือ อำนาจ และ "อำนาจ" นั้น จะทำให้เราเป็น ”อิสระ”

เจอกันใหม่ บทความหน้าครับ! ✌️

ประโยคเด็ดจาก Economics in One Lesson ฉบับ Jakk Goodday 🔥

ในฉบับแปลของ อ.ขิง จะไม่เดือดขนาดนี้นะครับ เพราะภาษาต้นฉบับออกจะสุภาพ (อันนี้ผมแปลเอามันส์)

“The art of economics consists in looking not merely at the immediate but at the longer effects of any act or policy; it consists in tracing the consequences of that policy not merely for one group but for all groups.”

“แฮซลิตต์เขาสอนให้มองการณ์ไกล ไม่ใช่แค่ผล immediate แต่ต้องดู long-term impact ไม่ใช่แค่กลุ่มใดกลุ่มหนึ่ง แต่ต้องมองภาพรวม ทุกกลุ่ม ทุกคนแม่งโดนผลกระทบหมด!”

“The bad economist sees only what immediately strikes the eye; the good economist also looks beyond. The bad economist sees only the direct consequences of a proposed course; the good economist looks also at the longer and indirect consequences.”

“นักเศรษฐศาสตร์ห่วย ๆ แม่งเห็นแค่ "สิ่งที่ตาเห็น" แต่แฮซลิตต์สอนให้มอง "ทะลุปรุโปร่ง" เห็น "ผลกระทบรอง" ที่ซ่อนอยู่ ซึ่งแม่งสำคัญกว่าที่คิดเยอะ!”

“Everything we get, outside of the free gifts of nature, must in some way be paid for.”

“ไม่มีอะไรได้มาฟรี ๆ โว้ย! (ยกเว้นอากาศบริสุทธิ์ กับ ความรักจากแม่) ทุกอย่างมันมีต้นทุน แม้แต่ "ของฟรี" จากรัฐบาล สุดท้ายก็ต้องจ่ายด้วยภาษีอยู่ดี”

“Government “encouragement” to business is sometimes as much to be feared as government hostility.”

“รัฐบาลชอบ "อุ้ม" ธุรกิจ ซึ่งน่ากลัวกว่ารัฐบาล "ตี" ธุรกิจอีก เพราะ "อุ้ม" เนี่ย.. มันบิดเบือนตลาด ทำให้ธุรกิจอ่อนแอ และประชาชน "เสียหาย" ในระยะยาว”

“The belief that machines on net balance create unemployment … is the basis of many labor union practices. The public tolerates these practices because it either believes at bottom that the unions are right, or is too confused to see just why they are wrong.”

“สหภาพแรงงานชอบโทษ "เครื่องจักร" ว่าทำให้คนตกงาน ซึ่งแม่งโคตรไม่จริง เครื่องจักรมันช่วยเพิ่มผลผลิต ลดต้นทุน และสร้างงานใหม่ด้วยซ้ำ แต่คนส่วนใหญ่แม่งไม่รู้ หรือไม่ก็ "งง" จนไม่รู้จะเถียงยังไง”

“The drive for exports is exceeded only by the pathological dread of imports.”

“รัฐบาลชอบ "บ้าส่งออก" จริงๆ แล้ว การนำเข้ามันสำคัญกว่า เพราะมันทำให้เรามีของใช้ มีทางเลือก และมีชีวิตที่ดีขึ้น การส่งออกมันแค่ "จ่ายค่า" การนำเข้าเท่านั้น”

“Inflation is the autosuggestion, the hypnotism, the anesthetic, that has dulled the pain of the operation for him. Inflation is the opium of the people.”

“เงินเฟ้อแม่งเหมือน "ฝิ่น" หลอกให้เราเคลิ้ม ว่าเศรษฐกิจดี ทั้งที่จริงๆ แล้ว มันกำลัง "ขโมย" อำนาจซื้อของเรา ทำให้เราจนลงโดยไม่รู้ตัว”

“There is no more certain way to deter employment than to harass and penalize employers. There is no more certain way to keep wages low than to destroy every incentive to investment in new and more efficient machines and equipment."

“อยากให้คนตกงาน? ก็ไป "รังแก" นายจ้างสิ! อยากให้ค่าแรงต่ำ? ก็ไป "ทำลาย" แรงจูงใจในการลงทุนสิ!”

“The idea that an expanding economy implies that all industries must be simultaneously expanding is a profound error. In order that new industries may grow fast enough it is usually necessary that some old industries should be allowed to shrink or die.”

“เศรษฐกิจโต ไม่ใช่ว่าทุกอุตสาหกรรมต้องโต บางอุตสาหกรรมมันต้อง "ตาย" ไป เพื่อให้ "อุตสาหกรรมใหม่" มันเกิด แฮซลิตต์สอนให้ "ทำลายอย่างสร้างสรรค์" ”

“The whole argument for [the government] entering the lending business, in fact, is that it will make loans to people who could not get them from private lenders. This is only another way of saying that the government will take risks with other people’s money (the taxpayers’) that private lenders will not take with their own money.”

“รัฐบาลชอบ "แจกเงินกู้" แฮซลิตต์บอกว่า แม่งเอาเงินภาษีของเราไปแจก โดยที่ธนาคารเขายังไม่กล้าปล่อยกู้เลย เสี่ยง "เจ๊ง" สูง!”

“It is impossible, moreover, to control the value of money under inflation. For, as we have seen, the causation is never a merely mechanical one … Each person’s valuation of money is affected not only by what he thinks its value is but by what he thinks is going to be everybody else’s valuation of money.”

“เงินเฟ้อแม่งควบคุมยาก มันไม่ใช่แค่ "กลไก" แต่เป็น "จิตวิทยา" ล้วน ๆ คนกลัวเงินเฟ้อ เงินเฟ้อก็ยิ่งมา แม่งวนลูป!”

* “ In a free economy, in which wages, costs and prices are left to the free play of the competitive market, the prospect of profits decides what articles will be made, and in what quantities—and what articles will not be made at all.”*

“ตลาดเสรี กำไรคือ "ตัวกำหนด" ว่าจะผลิตอะไร เท่าไหร่ รัฐบาลอย่าเสือก! ปล่อยให้ตลาดมันจัดการตัวเอง”

“The first groups to receive the additional money will benefit the most. … The gains of the first groups of producers to benefit by higher prices or wages from the inflation are necessarily at the expense of the losses suffered by the last groups of producers that are able to raise their prices or wages.

“เงินเฟ้อ ไม่ได้กระทบทุกคนเท่ากัน กลุ่มแรกที่ได้เงินแม่ง "รวย" กลุ่มสุดท้าย "จน" แม่งโคตรไม่แฟร์!”

“The real causes of depression are … maladjustments within the wage-cost-price structure: maladjustments between wages and prices, between prices of raw materials and prices of finished goods, or between one price and another or one wage and another. … Not until these maladjustments are corrected can full production and employment be resumed.”

“เศรษฐกิจพัง เพราะ "ราคา" กับ "ต้นทุน" มันเพี้ยน! ต้องแก้ที่ต้นเหตุโว้ย ไม่ใช่ "พิมพ์เงิน”

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Hopefully, everyone has joined the cricket pools https://stacker.news/items/554228/r/Undisciplined organized by @Coinsreporter.

This morning, freebitcoin opened its pool for who will win the T20 Cricket Tournament. There are usually some fun odds over there. See my post on how their betting system works https://stacker.news/items/342765/r/Undisciplined.

Even with my currently outstanding bets, I'm still (allegedly) up over 40ksats across all the sports. Join the fun, if you're so inclined.

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

P.S. This article is translated from my original Thai article, which you can read here: My original Thai article

---

Have you ever felt like you're running on a treadmill that's constantly tilting upward?

No matter how much you run, you never seem to get anywhere, and eventually, you just end up exhausted... That's exactly how many people feel in the traditional economic system.

Inflation eats away at the value of your money every day. Governments impose regulations on capital, ban this and that, force you to spend your money in ways they see fit, and then tax you heavily, as if they see citizens as "cash cows" to milk endlessly.

The money you work so hard for loses value every single day. You have to work harder to earn the same amount, and the government constantly monitors and controls our spending, erecting tax barriers that exacerbate inequality.

This is the world we're familiar with... a world where power is centralized in the hands of the government and financial institutions. They set the rules that control our money and determine our destiny.

If you're one of the people who are fed up with this system... then you've come to the right place!

From a Sinking Ship to a New World of Freedom

Back in 1997, two forward-thinking writers, James Dale Davidson and Lord William Rees-Mogg, wrote a book called "The Sovereign Individual." They saw the future and dared to tell us that the world was about to transition into the information age, an era where technology would disrupt everything... even "nation-states"!

It's a world where power will be decentralized, governments will weaken, and anyone can become "free" both financially and in how they live their lives. They called these individuals "Sovereign Individuals."

Sounds like science fiction from the early days of the internet, right? But in 2024... the world Davidson and Rees-Mogg envisioned is no longer a fantasy!

Think about it... every day we live more and more of our lives online. We work, shop, invest, and communicate across borders without intermediaries, without relying on the government. The internet has become like a new "borderless world", opening up opportunities for us to access information, connect with people, and generate income from all corners of the globe without being restricted by government rules or regulations.

As the book states, "The internet" will give rise to new businesses, new forms of work, and online communities that connect people worldwide. This aligns with their vision of "individuals" gaining more power in the information age.

Today, we see that the internet has created numerous opportunities for those who dare to be different and refuse to succumb to the system. People are working remotely, able to work from anywhere in the world (like the Right Shift team). Digital nomads travel the globe while working. E-commerce businesses thrive without physical storefronts.

The internet frees us from geographical limitations and allows us to connect with the world in ways never before possible. Isn't this the beginning of the "Sovereign Individual era"?

And Bitcoin is the crucial "weapon" for the Sovereign Individual in this age. It unlocks the shackles of the old financial system. You can send money to anyone in the world without going through banks, without worrying about exorbitant fees, and all while remaining safe from government interference.

It's like we have a "submarine" that helps us escape from a sinking ship!

But wait! Can a book written in the early days of the internet truly provide answers for the decentralized and technologically advanced world of Bitcoin?

The answer is... yes!

This book is still packed with sharp insights and powerful ideas that remain applicable in today's world.

Want to know what those insights are and how they can help you achieve financial freedom in the world of Bitcoin? Read the review in this article and look forward to the Thai translation by Piriya and his team in the near future!

---

Before we move on... some of you might be wondering, "What exactly is a Sovereign Individual?" It sounds grand and impressive, but is it really something attainable?

Literally translated, "Sovereign" means "supreme ruler," while "Individual" refers to a "single person."

Combining these two words, "Sovereign Individual" can be literally translated as "supreme individual ruler," which I'll simply refer to as "The Great Individual." It sounds like they're kings or emperors, right?

But hold on... the meaning of "Sovereign Individual" within the context of this book doesn't refer to ruling over others. It means having the "power" to shape one's own life.

Think of kings in ancient times... they held supreme power in their lands, free to enact laws, collect taxes, and control resources as they pleased. But the "Sovereign Individual" of this era doesn't desire that kind of power. What they seek is freedom and the power to control their own lives without being subject to any government or system.

They are the "kings" of their own kingdoms!

Davidson and Rees-Mogg believe that "technology" is the key to empowering "individuals." It helps us transcend geographical limitations, access information, and connect with people worldwide directly, without intermediaries.

For instance, Bitcoin allows us to conduct financial transactions without banks. The internet allows us to work, learn, and generate income from anywhere in the world. As individuals gain more power, the power of governments diminishes. This is what Davidson and Rees-Mogg predicted in their book, and it's becoming a reality today.

Therefore, a "Sovereign Individual" is someone who can control their own finances without relying on banks or government-issued currencies. They can generate income globally without being restricted by borders or government regulations. They can shape their own lives, choosing where to live, work, and how to spend their time.

They are "free individuals" who refuse to be "slaves" to the system!

Hopefully, you're starting to understand the meaning of "Sovereign Individual."

Now, are you starting to feel the desire to become one yourself?

27 Years On, the Predictions Still Hold True (Especially Regarding Bitcoin!)

When I revisited this book in 2024, I was once again amazed by the foresight of Davidson and Rees-Mogg, who accurately predicted major changes far in advance. First published in 1997, this book predicted the transition from the industrial age to the information age, which would revolutionize social and economic structures.

Comparing the world in 1997, when the internet was just emerging, to the world in 2024, where the internet has permeated every corner of the globe, we can see that many predictions in this book are coming true.

The most striking example is the exponential growth of digital technologies. Smartphones, high-speed internet, and AI have become part of our daily lives, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate worldwide.

The small smartphone in your hand has more processing power than the computer NASA used to send humans to the moon! You can access information, connect with people worldwide, work, learn, shop, and conduct financial transactions anytime, anywhere. Many people may not recall where we were before this book was published...

In 1997, the internet in Thailand was in its infancy and not as widespread as it is today. Average internet speeds were quite slow, typically using dial-up modem connections over telephone lines, with a maximum speed of around 56 kbps (kilobits per second). Downloading large files or streaming videos was difficult and time-consuming (back then, just downloading a jpeg image was cause for celebration).

As I write this article... I'm using a 1,000 MB (1,000,000 kbps) internet connection. That's about 17,857 times faster than the average internet speed in 1997, or a whopping 1,785,614%!

Back then, popular internet usage in Thailand revolved around BBS (Bulletin Board System), online forums where users could exchange information, chat, and download files. Email was also gaining popularity as a means of electronic communication. Websites were starting to emerge, though their numbers were limited, mainly belonging to government agencies, universities, and large companies.

Communication in those days was still predominantly traditional, relying on landline phones, letters, fax machines, and pagers (anyone remember those? They were small devices for receiving short messages, popular among teenagers and businesspeople at the time).

So there you have it... Davidson and Rees-Mogg foresaw that these technologies would be crucial tools for liberating "individuals" from the grip of the state and the traditional economic system. No longer would they need to rely on or be controlled by governments or large corporations.

The book explained that in the information age, power would flow into the hands of those who could effectively control and leverage information, which are the "individuals." And "artificial intelligence" (AI) is one of the technologies that will play a critical role in enabling these non-conformists to control and utilize vast amounts of information with ever-increasing efficiency.

In their book, Davidson and Rees-Mogg recognized the potential of AI in work, decision-making, and innovation. They believed that AI would become a vital tool for pioneers to work smarter, make accurate decisions, and innovate rapidly.

Today, we see AI increasingly integrated into our daily lives, such as using ChatGPT and Gemini for writing, translating, and content creation, using AI trading for data analysis and stock trading decisions, or employing AI-powered tools in various tasks like design, video editing, and music composition.

AI is the "artificial brain" that will help us transcend human limitations and another essential "weapon" that self-reliant individuals in the information age must possess.

One of the most notable predictions in this book is the emergence of "digital currencies," and in 2024, Bitcoin stands as a clear testament to this prediction. Bitcoin is a decentralized currency, free from the control of governments and central banks, enabling us to conduct financial transactions without intermediaries, without worrying about expensive fees...

and most importantly... it's safe from government interference or confiscation (at least for now). Bitcoin utilizes encryption technology, ensuring highly secure transactions that are difficult for governments to hack or trace.

Davidson and Rees-Mogg saw encryption as a vital "shield" for those seeking to escape the shackles of the information age, where governments and organizations constantly attempt to spy on and control our data.

They used examples like data encryption to protect personal information and financial transactions from government surveillance, providing us with "private space" in the digital realm. In today's world, data protection is even more crucial as our information is scattered across the internet, vulnerable to theft or misuse.

We see the use of data shields in various forms, like VPNs to encrypt data while browsing the internet, privacy coins like Monero and Zcash that prioritize transaction anonymity, and end-to-end encryption in messaging apps like WhatsApp and Signal.

Encryption is the "secret weapon" that helps us maintain privacy and security in the digital world, and another essential tool for those who defy the system.

Imagine living in a country with a highly controlling government that restricts freedoms and confiscates citizens' assets. How secure would you feel keeping your money in a bank? The emergence of Bitcoin provides an alternative. It allows anyone to truly own and control their own "money." Davidson and Rees-Mogg called this "financial secession," a crucial step in becoming self-determining individuals.

Beyond Bitcoin, the efforts to develop and utilize platforms like DeFi (Decentralized Finance) further exemplify Davidson and Rees-Mogg's vision. DeFi is poised to disrupt the traditional financial system with its intermediary-free financial platforms. Today, DeFi enables us to borrow, lend, exchange currencies, and invest in digital assets conveniently, quickly, and securely, bypassing the complex procedures and high fees of traditional banks or financial institutions (although DeFi, while intriguing, still has much to prove in the eyes of Bitcoin enthusiasts).

Davidson and Rees-Mogg didn't just focus on technology; they envisioned the impact on "people" and how lifestyles would change in the information age. Knowledge, skills, and adaptability would become more valuable assets than physical possessions.

Today, we see a growing number of young people choosing to become freelancers. They work online, generate income globally, and don't want to be tied down to any company or location. They have the freedom to choose their work, their working hours, and their workplaces. The book refers to these individuals as the "Nomad Class," a group of people who can live and work anywhere in the world.

Moreover, we see a migration of wealthy individuals and investors relocating to countries with more favorable laws and lower tax burdens. They no longer want to be "cash cows" for governments to exploit. They want to be "free individuals" who can control their assets and determine their own destinies. Examples include the significant number of wealthy individuals and entrepreneurs relocating to Singapore, Hong Kong, or Dubai, which offer business-friendly tax systems and robust economies.

All of this reflects the world Davidson and Rees-Mogg imagined, a world where the power of nation-states is being challenged and "Great Individuals" are rising to prominence. The world in 2024 proves that "The Sovereign Individual" is not just a science fiction novel, but a "blueprint" for the future that we must prepare for.

Why Bitcoin Is the "Weapon" of Those Who Seek to Shape Their Own Futures

In a world where technology is rewriting all the rules and borders are fading in the digital realm, the question arises: Is the power of nation-states still as strong as before?

The book suggests that in the information age, power will decentralize, governments will weaken, and "individuals" will play a larger role. They will have greater freedom to control their lives and assets. Bitcoin is a prime example of this shift. It's the "weapon" of those seeking liberation, unlocking the chains of the old financial system and paving the way to true financial freedom.

Even though the book was written in 1997, before Bitcoin's inception, its ideas surprisingly resonate with the philosophy of Bitcoin. Both emphasize "breaking free from government control" and "achieving financial independence." Davidson and Rees-Mogg foresaw that technology would lead to "decentralization" and empower "individuals" to have greater control over their lives.

The book explained that in the past, governments and financial institutions held control over the world's economic and financial systems. People had to rely on and accept the rules they set.

But in the digital age, technologies like "Bitcoin" have brought about a significant change. It allows anyone to own and control their "money" without intermediaries. Imagine a world where you don't have to rely on banks, where you don't have to worry about the government seizing your assets or controlling your finances... that's the world Bitcoin is slowly building.

Bitcoin operates on blockchain technology, a public ledger that records all transactions. This blockchain is distributed across a network of computers worldwide, making it impossible for anyone to control or alter the information.

There are three main characteristics of Bitcoin that align with the book's ideas:

Firstly, Bitcoin is a decentralized system with no central authority. No one can control, command, or seize your Bitcoin, whether it's a government, bank, or even Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin. The Bitcoin network is spread globally, making it difficult to block or control, mirroring the book's mention of the decline of nation-states and the rise of "microstates." Bitcoin could be part of this transformation by becoming the "currency" of microstates or independent communities.

Secondly, Bitcoin offers privacy. Although Bitcoin transactions are recorded on the blockchain, a public ledger accessible to everyone, your personal information remains undisclosed. You can conduct transactions anonymously, echoing the book's emphasis on "privacy" in the information age. Bitcoin empowers you to control your personal data and conduct financial transactions without revealing your identity.

Lastly, Bitcoin is secure. Bitcoin utilizes cryptography to ensure security, making it difficult to forge or hack data. Just as the book highlights the importance of "asset protection," Bitcoin's security and resistance to hacking make it a trustworthy "asset" for freedom seekers.

These three characteristics make Bitcoin more than just "money." It's a tool that empowers you to be a sovereign individual in the digital world. Let's look at real-world examples of Bitcoin usage that reflect the "Sovereign Individual" concept.

In Venezuela, which faced hyperinflation, people turned to Bitcoin as a store of value to protect their assets. This echoes the book's warnings about the dangers of inflation and government control over currency. Migrant workers use Bitcoin to send money back home without paying exorbitant fees to Western Union, cutting out intermediaries and reducing costs, aligning with the book's concept of "cost reduction."

(Read more about Venezuela's story here > Why are Venezuelans seeking refuge in crypto-currencies? )

Furthermore, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and activist groups use Bitcoin to raise funds globally without being blocked or censored by governments. Therefore, Bitcoin is not just a "currency" but a symbol of "freedom." It's a tool that empowers you to shape your own financial destiny and truly be your own boss.

Take, for example, WikiLeaks, the media organization founded by Julian Assange, which publishes leaked government documents. Traditional banks and financial institutions blocked WikiLeaks from receiving donations. Consequently, WikiLeaks turned to Bitcoin as a means to accept donations, allowing the organization to survive and continue its work despite government pressure.

Or consider #EndSARS, the protest movement in Nigeria against the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) for its abuse of power. The Nigerian government froze the bank accounts of protesters, prompting them to use Bitcoin as a means to receive donations to support the movement and assist affected protesters.

Human rights groups like the Human Rights Foundation use Bitcoin as a channel to receive donations from supporters worldwide for their work in countries where freedoms are restricted. Humanitarian aid organizations operating in conflict zones or countries with unstable financial systems find Bitcoin to be a convenient, fast, and secure way to send aid.

For instance, in Syria, Bitcoin was used to deliver financial assistance to war victims. Similarly, during the 2019-2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy protests, numerous protesters and activists turned to Bitcoin to raise funds and evade tracking by the Chinese government.

In an era where Bitcoin is thriving and blockchain technology is reshaping the world, the ideas of Davidson and Rees-Mogg are becoming increasingly relevant. It serves as a reminder that true power is returning to the hands of "individuals."

Freedom... Doesn't Come with a Bonus

Of course, the path to becoming a "Sovereign Individual" or "Great Individual" is not paved with roses. Davidson and Rees-Mogg didn't just tell us about the good times; they also pointed out the obstacles and challenges that lie ahead.

It's like embarking on an adventure in a new land filled with treasures but also fraught with dangers at every turn. You must be prepared to face uncertainty and unseen enemies. One of the most significant challenges is the increased "responsibility" that comes with stepping away from the familiar and sometimes stifling traditional systems. We must be ready to truly become our own "bosses."

Imagine this... you might currently be an employee at a company where, despite a nagging boss and numerous rules, there's a system, benefits, and a steady paycheck every month. But if you choose to become a "free individual," you have to throw away those "crutches"!

There's no boss, no benefits, no regular salary. Everything depends solely on "you."

You have to make decisions, plan, and take responsibility for every action, from small things like time management to big things like investment, tax planning, and protecting yourself from various dangers. In this fast-paced world, continuous learning and self-development are indispensable. Pioneers must be like "explorers" who never stop learning and are always ready to adapt to change.

Because "knowledge" is the most powerful weapon in this new world.

Apart from the increased responsibility, the digital world, while full of opportunities, is also filled with "risks."

While blockchain technology and Bitcoin are known for their security and resistance to hacking, if you lose your private keys or accidentally click on a fake link, you could wave goodbye to your Bitcoin forever. Unlike being cheated by a bank where you might have a chance to recover your funds or file complaints with authorities, in the decentralized world... no one, not even the government, can help you!

You bear full responsibility for all losses.

Therefore, becoming a "self-determining individual" is not just about declaring independence and enjoying a carefree life. It demands "discipline" in managing your life, "knowledge" for making decisions, and "caution" in protecting yourself. It's like a mountain climber who must train rigorously, prepare equipment, and plan meticulously before ascending to the summit, because a single misstep could be fatal!

But the good news is... once you overcome these challenges, the rewards waiting for you are equally immense.

Financial freedom, control over your own life, and becoming the "king" of your own kingdom are the dreams envisioned in the book.

And the world in 2024 has proven that these are not mere fantasies!

Just look at Jack Dorsey, the former CEO of Twitter, who dared to resign from his company to pursue blockchain and Bitcoin full-time. He chose to leave his comfortable "golden cage" with its hefty salary to chase his dreams and build the world he believes in. This is the true spirit of a "self-determining individual."

This example demonstrates that...

Individual sovereignty is not just about "money" or "power," but about "belief," "vision," and "taking action."

And in 2024... this book still offers invaluable lessons we can apply.

First and foremost, we must be "forward-thinking." The world is changing rapidly, and free individuals cannot cling to old frameworks. They must be willing to constantly learn and adapt to change. Furthermore, taking control of your own finances is crucial. Don't let governments or financial institutions control your life. Instead, learn to manage your money and invest wisely. Remember that relying on a single income stream is risky.

Therefore... it's essential to explore new opportunities and create multiple income sources from around the world. Technology is a tool that empowers you to be free, so learn and utilize it to its fullest potential. And finally, dare to be different, dare to challenge yourself, dare to step out of your comfort zone, and carve your own path.

This is not just a book; it's an idea that sparks hope and inspiration for "free individuals" worldwide. It's a "blueprint" for the future, and you can choose to be a part of it.

Are you ready to step into the world of the "Sovereign Individual"?

A Final Call to Action...

"The Sovereign Individual" is a book that serves as a compass, offering a fresh perspective to guide us in this rapidly changing world.

Even after 27 years, the lessons and vision conveyed by Davidson and Rees-Mogg are even more powerful and relevant. It reflects the reality that the world is not static, power and systems are subject to the laws of change, and only those who adapt, learn, and control their own destinies can overcome volatility and seize opportunities in the future.

They didn't just highlight the "problems"; they also offered "solutions" by presenting "ideas" and "strategies" for becoming "freed from the shackles."

Their language isn't overly academic or heavy; it's a blend of storytelling, situational analysis, and future forecasting with an engaging, insightful, and often humorous style.

They compared governments to "mafia gangs" that extort taxes from citizens, likened the education system to a "human factory" that brainwashes people into obedience, and portrayed technology as a powerful "weapon" for liberating individuals from government control.

They didn't speak of these things in a vacuum but drew upon historical events, from Roman times, the Middle Ages, to the present day, analyzing them sharply and connecting them to future trends.

Powerful quotes in the book reflect their vision of technology challenging state power. Governments will not be able to control, dominate, or even touch the digital economy as they once did.

For example:

"The good news is that politicians will no more be able to dominate, suppress, and regulate the greater part of commerce in this new realm than the legislators of the ancient Greek city-states could have trimmed the beard of Zeus."

Or the line:

"Soon, the cows will have wings."

This is another example of their sharp and humorous writing style. It signifies the end of an era where governments could easily collect taxes from citizens. In the digital world, wealth will move freely and borderlessly.

And the line that serves as a "declaration" of a new age where beliefs, knowledge, and systems we once held dear are being challenged and crumbling:

"The future is disorder. A door like this has cracked open five or six times since we got up on our hind legs. It is the best possible time to be alive, when almost everything you thought you knew is wrong."

This book is packed with content that is both "provocative," "thought-provoking," and "inspiring." If you want to understand the world in ways that "the powers that be" don't want you to see and desire to become a "free individual" who can truly shape their own destiny...

"The Sovereign Individual" is a book you can't miss!

@ 7df1004b:6d55b90c

The Importance of Fasting: Bridging Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science

Fasting has been an integral part of many ancient traditions, particularly within the Vedic texts, where it is revered not only for its spiritual benefits but also for its profound impact on physical health. Today, modern science validates many of these ancient claims, revealing the numerous health advantages of fasting.

Autophagy: The Body’s Cleanup Process

One of the most exciting discoveries in recent years is the process of autophagy, a natural mechanism where the body cleans out damaged cells and regenerates new ones. This process is significantly enhanced during fasting, promoting cellular health and longevity. Essentially, fasting allows your body to “take out the trash,” getting rid of cells that contribute to aging and disease.

Boosting Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Fasting also triggers the secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH), which plays a crucial role in muscle growth, metabolism, and overall body composition. Increased HGH levels help the body burn fat more effectively, build lean muscle, and repair tissues, making fasting a powerful tool for those seeking to optimize their physical fitness.

Improving Insulin Sensitivity

Regular fasting improves insulin sensitivity, which is crucial for managing blood sugar levels and preventing diseases like type 2 diabetes. Enhanced insulin sensitivity means your body can handle carbohydrates more efficiently, reducing the risk of spikes in blood sugar and subsequent health issues.

Additional Benefits

Apart from these primary benefits, fasting has been shown to reduce inflammation, improve heart health, and even enhance brain function. By giving your digestive system a break, fasting allows your body to focus on healing and maintenance, leading to overall better health.

### Join the Fasting Movement

Curious to learn more and support the ongoing research and education on fasting? If you find this article helpful and would like to see more content like this, consider sharing your thoughts or experiences in the comments. Your engagement means the world to me and helps build a community of informed individuals striving for better health. Every little bit of support and interaction encourages me to continue writing and spreading the knowledge.

Feel free to share your experiences or questions about fasting in the comments! Your engagement helps build a community of informed individuals striving for better health.

By intertwining ancient wisdom with modern scientific discoveries, fasting emerges as a powerful practice for enhancing health and longevity. Whether you're a seasoned faster or just starting, the benefits are undeniable and well worth exploring.

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Any Bitcoin offers or promotions you bought recently?

We’re constantly looking for some special deals! Share with your fellow stackers any latest steal, recent offering, snazzy discounts, packed bundles...

Help us all score some incredible bargains!

@ 0461fcbe:35a474dd

nak is an awesome command-line tool written in Rust (jk, written in Go) for doing Nostr stuff. I use it on a daily basis to talk to relays and gather events.

Using nak, you can sync your data between one relay and another like this:

sh nak req -a <pubkey> <relay-1> | nak event <relay-2>

For example:

sh nak req -a 0461fcbecc4c3374439932d6b8f11269ccdb7cc973ad7a50ae362db135a474dd wss://gleasonator.dev/relay | nak event wss://slime.church/relay

This downloads all data by the author (-a) from relay 1, and pipes it into relay 2.

Most relays only return about 100 events at a time, though. To sync everything you will need to implement some sort of pagination with since and until filters.

Most commonly I just need to sync my profile data to a new relay, which can be done with the -k (kind) flag. You can pass multiple -k flags, eg:

sh nak req -k 0 -k 3 -k 10000 -k 10001 -k 10002 -k 10003 -a 0461fcbecc4c3374439932d6b8f11269ccdb7cc973ad7a50ae362db135a474dd wss://gleasonator.dev/relay | nak event wss://slime.church/relay

This will migrate your profile, your follow list, your relay list, your mute list, pinned posts, and your bookmarks to the new relay.

If you find yourself doing this often, you can drop a little alias in your bashrc/zshrc:

sh alias nsync="nak req -k 0 -k 3 -k 10000 -k 10001 -k 10002 -k 10003 -a 0461fcbecc4c3374439932d6b8f11269ccdb7cc973ad7a50ae362db135a474dd wss://gleasonator.dev/relay | nak event"

Then you'll just nsync <relay> to copy data from your main relay to another relay!

@ 7308f407:94057dcf

Chef's notes

Hey there! Ever wanted to whip up some homemade flour tortillas? Well, here's your chance! I'm from Sonora, in North Mexico, where homemade tortillas are practically a way of life. I've been making them for a good few years now and picked up a few neat tricks along the way. Trust me, the effort is totally worth it!

These tortillas? They're not just any old tortillas. They're the real deal—soft, fluffy, and bursting with flavor. Sure, making them takes a bit of time and effort, but once you taste them, you'll never look back.

Most tortilla recipes stick to the basics, but I've added my own twist. Opting for butter instead of lard or vegetable shortening lends a richer flavor that I just can't resist. Plus, a little extra baking powder gives these tortillas an extra fluffy texture that's downright irresistible.

Tools needed: -Bowl -Measuring Cups/ Spoons -Griddle -Rolling pin -Kitchen towels

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20-25 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 20-25 minutes
• 🍽️ Servings: yield about 10-14 medium-sized tortillas

Ingredients

• 2 1/2 cups All-Purpose Flour
• About 1/2 cup AP Flour for rolling tortillas
• 1/3 cup Unsalted Butter (Room Temperature)
• Plus a little extra (if using 1 stick of butter, which measures to 1/2 cup, use the remaining 1/4 of that)
• About 1 cup Warm Water
• 1 teaspoon Baking Powder
• 1 teaspoon Salt

Directions

1. In a bowl, add dry ingredients which are flour, salt, and baking powder then mix to combine.
2. Then add room temperature butter. Begin by breaking the butter apart into the flour until the butter is mostly dissolved. The flour will form into small clumps with the butter.
3. Use warm water; you can microwave for 15-20 seconds or have the water be a little over room temperature.
4. Start adding water a splash at a time.
5. The temperature of the water helps melt the butter into the flour without being too hot, which can burn the flour. It also assists in keeping the dough well moisturized throughout the process.
6. Using your hand, squish all the dough in different sections to combine.
7. Continue to add water then mix again until the dough starts to hold together. You will want the dough to be moist but not too wet.
8. Use the round surface of the bowl to help mold the dough.
9. Once you have a big roundish ball, you can transfer it to a countertop.
10. Knead the dough for about 5-7 minutes until smooth. The kneading method that works for me is to push half of the dough up, fold it onto itself, then rotate. I continue this motion repeatedly.
11. Lightly push with your finger, and if you see a small bounce back from the dough, it’s ready to rest.
12. Cover the dough with plastic wrap or a kitchen towel, then place it back into the bowl used to mix. Allow the dough to rest for about 30 minutes in a warm place. I usually turn my oven light on and add the covered bowl in the oven.
13. After the resting period, remove the dough from the bowl. You will notice the dough is a little shiny and softer.
14. This is also a good time to turn on your griddle or pan, set it to medium-high.
15. On a countertop, place the round dough, using your thumb and index finger, make a smaller ball. I make medium-sized balls, so it can range from 10-14 tortillas.
16. Grab one small dough ball, pull the outside edges into itself to reshape the ball.
17. Use a little bit of butter on your hands to help keep the dough moistened.
18. Place your ball on your less dominant hand, using the opposite hand over the ball shape, add a little bit of pressure and turn the ball in a circular motion. The ball will turn into an oval shape.
19. Continue to do this with all the dough until they are all shaped into smaller pieces.
20. Cover them with a kitchen towel as you work through the dough.
21. Using the extra flour, keep it in a round container or put it into a pile near your tortillas.
22. Grab your Rolling Pin to form the tortillas on a lightly floured surface. If you add too much flour to the surface, your tortillas will be dry.
23. Dust the ball into your pile of flour on both sides, flatten the ball then lightly pinch the outer edges.
24. Place it on your surface, using the rolling pin, flatten with a roll, then flip.
25. Turn the tortilla 45 degrees (like a half-turn) and from the middle of the dough, press forward, return to the middle, and then roll towards you. Flip the tortilla and repeat the same process until you have a thin disk of about 10 inches or when you can somewhat see through the tortilla to the surface underneath.
26. You can start cooking them or place them on your surface to finish with the rest. If you are new to rolling tortillas, be patient; it takes a little practice.
27. Place the flat dough on your griddle. If the griddle is hot enough, within the first 10-15 seconds, you will notice forming air bubbles. If you see this, you can flip it with your fingers or spatula.
28. Approximately 15-seconds on the other side, you will notice the tortilla will have a bigger puff, flip again. For about 5-10 seconds, the tortilla will inflate. You can remove it from the griddle. You will notice that the dough will look cooked because of the color change and could have developed light brown spots.
29. Add the cooked tortilla in between a clean kitchen towel to keep warm.
30. Repeat the process until all have been cooked.
31. If the griddle is too hot, you will see a little smoke from the tortilla burning, reduce the heat. If the griddle is not hot enough, tortillas will take longer than a minute to cook and could become hard.
32. Eat the tortilla on its own, with a little butter then roll it up, or with your full meal. Enjoy!

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Hey Damus enjoyers,

v1.8 has been tagged! Today we submitted v1.8 to the App Store, Here's a quick preview of what's in this release!

New Emoji Selector

It's now easier than ever to select emoji reactions! Just long press the reaction button to pop-up the new emoji selector. Thanks Terry for implementing this!

Quote Reposts

Quote reposts are now listed on posts, just like on the birdsite (x site ?)

New fullscreen video player

Our video controls were pretty bad before, this has been improved in this version! You can now seek videos, view them fullscreen, and airplay them to your tv. Thanks Daniel for this feature!

Improved longform style

Longform posts now show the image and related tags. Thanks Eric!

Account recovery, bug fixes

Thread loading is greatly improved, we now support the latest nip10 specification for improved compatibility between clients. We also added an account recovery feature called First Aid. You can use this to create a new contact list if for whatever reason you don't have one anymore. If you are running into issues following people, you can use this to recover your account:

Testflight

v1.9 dev is underway, with an up and coming highlighter feature where you can clip highlights from the web and other posts and share them to your feed. If you want to test out the latest up and coming features, make sure to grab a damus purple membership to get access!

https://damus.io/purple/login

That's all for now, here's the full changelog if you want to see what else is new!

Full Changelog

Added

• Added nip10 marker replies (William Casarin)
• Add marker nip10 support when reading notes (William Casarin)
• Added title image and tags to longform events (ericholguin)
• Add First Aid solution for users who do not have a contact list created for their account (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Relay fees metadata (ericholguin)
• Added callbackuri for a better ux when connecting mutiny wallet nwc (ericholguin)
• Add event content preview to the full screen carousel (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Show list of quoted reposts in threads (William Casarin)
• Proxy Tags are now viewable on Selected Events (ericholguin)
• Add ability to mute words, add new mutelist interface (Charlie)
• Add ability to mute hashtag from SearchView (Charlie Fish)

Changed

• Change reactions to use a native looking emoji picker (Terry Yiu)
• Relay detail design (ericholguin)
• Updated Zeus logo (ericholguin)
• Improve UX around video playback (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Moved paste nwc button to main wallet view (ericholguin)
• Errors with an NWC will show as an alert (ericholguin)
• Relay config view user interface (ericholguin)
• Always strip GPS data from images (kernelkind)

Fixed

• Fix thread bug where a quote isn't picked up as a reply (William Casarin)
• Fixed threads not loading sometimes (William Casarin)
• Fixed issue where some replies were including the q tag (William Casarin)
• Fixed issue where timeline was scrolling when it isn't supposed to (William Casarin)
• Fix issue where bootstrap relays would inadvertently be added to the user's list on connectivity issues (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Fix broken GIF uploads (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Fix ghost notifications caused by Purple impending expiration notifications (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Improve reliability of contact list creation during onboarding (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Fix emoji reactions being cut off (ericholguin)
• Fix image indicators to limit number of dots to not spill screen beyond visible margins (ericholguin)
• Fix bug that would cause connection issues with relays defined with a trailing slash URL, and an inability to delete them. (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Issue where NWC Scanner view would not dismiss after a failed scan/paste (ericholguin)

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

This thought came to me while a YouTube ad of Tony Robbins abruptly interrupted a video I was watching. I skipped past the ad, but from the 5 seconds I was forced to watch, it seemed like Robbins was about to pitch his course on how to escape the 9 to 5 grind at the low cost of whatever.99! This got me thinking: this is the new product of an "ideal life" we are being sold. The previous version of the "ideal life"—the good old 9 to 5 with degrees, promises of a stable income, a house, a nice car, a family, and retirement—isn't as fashionable or in demand as it once was.

Instead, the new and improved version is to buy into products that promise to teach you how to be "financially free," "how to work wherever you want, whenever you want," "how to invest so your money works for you instead of you working for it," and so on. The product list and possibilities of advertisement are as plentiful as there are influencers.

I'm not saying this to mock those who refuse to settle for a 9 to 5, because I, too, don't see myself settling for the conventional 9 to 5. On the flip side, I know plenty of people who have found success, fulfillment, and meaning in life going the 9 to 5 route. I'm just expressing an observation: the life path we choose may come down more to conditioning and being sold an artificial representation of a happy life than to a conscious choice made from free will.

@ 20986fb8:cdac21b3

Relay is the soul of the decentralized Nostr network. In previous articles, we discussed who would bear the ongoing operational costs of Relay. To ensure a thriving storage network, Relay needs to be incentivized. In order to achieve better decentralization of media, YakiHonne has launched the Relay's early incentive plan to support the development of 50 Relays for a period of 6 months.

The details of the grant program are as follows:

• Grant amount: A total of $50,000, with each grant ideally being $1000.
• Application period: From May 15, 2024, to December 31, 2024.
• Applicants: Existing Relay node hosts or new hosters, with a funding ratio of 20 existing Relay nodes and 30 new Relay nodes.

Relay operational requirements:

1. The minimum requirements for Relay deployment are according to [1]:

2. 1.1. High performance Intel

3. 1.2. 1 vCPU
4. 1.3. 2048 MB Ram
5. 1.4. 50 GB NVMe SSD

6. 1.5. OS Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

7. There are no restrictions on storage service providers, and you can choose any stable provider.

8. There are no restrictions on the location of Relays, but it is recommended to have geographical diversity to maintain a balanced distribution of Relays.

9. Relays need to operate continuously for the next 6 months with downtime not exceeding 30 minutes.
10. You can choose from the already existed relays implementations: nostr-rs-relay based on Rust, nostr-ts-relay akk nostream using Typescript, or strfry using C++.
11. Relay models can be of any type: thematic Relays relying on keyword filtering for specific topics, invitation-only Relays that restrict publishing permissions through public keys, or paid and free public Relays corresponding to paid publishing and fully open modes, respectively. However, to maintain a balanced incentive, the proportion of paid and invitation-only Relays will not exceed 20%.
12. Monthly reports on Relay stability and availability need to be shared to maintain good operational status.

Application process:

You need to submit a proposal including whether you are already hosting a Relay, the name of the existing Relay, specifications of the Relay hosting service, possible service provider choices, Relay development environment, Relay model, and more details to help you secure funding.

Submission: npub1yzvxlwp7wawed5vgefwfmugvumtp8c8t0etk3g8sky4n0ndvyxesnxrf8q

Grant Evaluation and Disbursement:

Within one week of receiving the application, we will provide feedback on the grant decision. The grant amount will be disbursed in two installments, with 50% being provided initially and the remaining 50% being disbursed after 3 months.

Rewards:

In the early incentive program, nodes that contribute consistently to improving Relay performance, expanding functionality, and ensuring stability will receive special rewards and have the opportunity to earn more income.

The goal of this incentive program is to further decentralize Nostr, enhance its performance, and promote the development of Relay functionality. Through the early incentive program, we aim to explore sustainable incentive models for Relays and lay the foundation for their sustainable development.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

With the passing of Bill Walton, I've been thinking about the great players who couldn't stay on the court because of injuries.

Walton

My dad, who's not a basketball fan, saw Bill Walton play against Kareem in the 70's. He said that Walton absolutely demolished Kareem. There was no doubt about who was better, at least for that night. I've heard plenty of other people share similar stories from seeing a healthy Walton play. Could he have been the greatest center ever, if his feet had held up?

Kawhi

The other player who I always think about is Kawhi. Before Kawhi's injury, it seemed like he was on track to be in the conversation for greatest small forward ever (obviously putting Lebron in some other category). Kawhi on the Spurs was the best wing defender I've ever seen. It's close with Pippen, but the way Kawhi would just rip the ball away with one hand made it seem like you couldn't allow the ball anywhere near him.

Hill

My favorite player when I was a kid was Grant Hill. The stars aligned for us to see him play in person, once he got traded to Orlando, but of course that's when his botched ankle surgeries completely derailed his career. He was widely regarded as the post-Jordan face of the league and then he missed pretty much the entirety of what would have been his prime, before coming back as a valuable role player on Nash's Suns.

Slight aside, Hill being injured opened the door for McGrady to emerge as a true superstar. The game we went to was before people realized what McGrady was going to be and he put on a show. I haven't been to that many games in person, but McGrady was easily the most spectacular of the stars I've seen live.

Who else?

Who are your biggest "what if" guys?

If I were to round this out to a top 5, I think it would actually be Bird and Magic, despite them both being all-time greats as it is. We missed Magic's late prime entirely because of HIV and Bird threw out his back shoveling gravel. Both guys conceivable could have had four more prime years of performance.

Honorable mention to Pistol Pete, who also deserves to be in this conversation.

@ df67f9a7:2d4fc200

What I’m Building

nostrmeet.me

Meet Me On Nostr is an app for sharing Nostr with friends. More than ‘just’ an onboarding client, this project will bring the power of “Social Onboarding” to Nostr. The project’s measurable objectives are to grow the number of new users, to increase the retention of active users, and to strengthen the interconnected webs of trusted users. All this can be accomplished “simply” by supporting Nostr advocates in sharing Nostr with their friends.

This project can be broken into two distinct efforts.

1. Web Client for “socially onboarding” new accounts (with customizable invite QR codes for advocates, low friction profile creation for friends, built in direct messaging with advocates, and WoT powered discovery of new friends, clients, relays, and other stuff recommended by the advocate and their web of trusted friends)

2. Advocate Support & Metrics to build community and incentivize users around onboarding and retaining their trusted friends on Nostr.

Why Social Onboarding?

Social Onboarding is Nostr’s superpower. Friends sharing Nostr with friends is not only easy and natural, but also happens to be a great way to strengthen Nostr’s webs of trusted users. While it’s not a given that Nostr’s growth will be sustainable, developing tools to support “networks of trusted friends” can only help.

Because Nostr is owned by nobody, anybody is able to benefit (monetarily or socially) from its success. Everybody wins when Nostr grows, but also, everybody wants something different. With Nostr, the superpower comes when everybody gets what they want. Harnessing #grownostr to support “networks of trusted friends” may be as simple as giving advocates the tools and incentives to “curate” their own corner of the broader social network.

Invite your trusted friends, and help them to stay a while.

Because there is no “sherif of Nostr”, traditional approaches to content moderation have no power. To overcome the growing influence of bots and bad actors, Webs of Trust is still the best (and only?) form of decentralized moderation. The challenge for onboarding, in this context, is to “rapidly on-ramp” new users into trusted networks, BEFORE the spambots ruin their vibe. Social Onboarding by Nostr advocates solves this problem, while being “relatively” straightforward to tool up and incentivize.

Development Timeline & Milestones

As of this writing, I have an “almost MVP complete” web client (alpha-0.4) running live at nostrmeet.me. MVP could be completed by the time of BTC Prague (3 weeks). Target Release may have an early release as soon as Nostriga, but will likely be feature complete by mid autumn (6 months)

Minimum Viable Product

When complete, the Minimum Viable Product will allow advocates to invite their friends to a direct message chat on Nostr with minimal “onboarding” friction. What’s live today, is the invite and profile creation, but lacking DM integration.

[+] Invite QR codes [+] Invite accept screen with “low friction” profile creation. [+] Automatic Nip05 addresses for new profiles. [+] Private “cloud encrypted” key storage using NIP46 (password not stored) providing key management for new profiles. [+] Receipt logging of accepted invites (allows tracking of account creation by web client through encrypted receipts) [+] Optional “do not store” encrypted key and “keep me anonymous” receipt logging. [+] Login to web client with “cloud encrypted” key using only username and password. Retrieve nsec (unencrypted key) anytime. [ ] Direct message integration for new accounts and their advocates.

Target Release

The Target Release (maybe as soon as Nostriga), will push forward on both efforts of this project (web client and advocate support) to solidify a “baseline” toolset to measure and implement Social Onboarding for Nostr.

[ ] Customizable Invites for Advocates (allowing for private invites, limited use invites, private group invites, follow a list from invite, join relays from invite, zap to ecash after invite, and other extendable options) [ ] WoT Network Explorer for new users to find new follows and trusted friends (and view their timelines) directly from the web client. [ ] WoT Recomendations for new users to discover (and launch or subscribe to) clients and relays (and other stuff?) right from the web client. [ ] Metrics and data collection to quantify the success of “social onboarding”, and what accounts are involved. [ ] Top Advocates Awards (using these data) to incentivize onboarding of new, active, and trusted users. [ ] Advocate Training and support (in the form of chat groups, hangouts, meetups, wikis, etc) to share best practices and tips for growing one’s own web of trusted friends.

Funding and Moving Forward …

So far, this is a passion project. Born from many hours conversation with and observation of Nostr advocates and new users.

In January 2024, I managed to secure a $10k seed sponsorship for MVP development from Blockhenge. I hope to continue funding this project through sponsorships from Nostr adjacent businesses.

Everybody wins when more trusted friends join Nostr.

I am currently looking for a dev assistant and funding to last us both through fall 2024. Please contact me directly if your business might be interested.

@ 0861144c:e68a1caf

El cansado reflexiona y no hace nada para crear un para-algo. Con el consumismo de hoy, el cansado no reflexiona y hace algo para-nada

Ahorrar tiene demasiados significados aventajados para la época. Los esclavos ahorraban de su mísera paga para comprarse su libertad, los comerciantes iban a depositar todo lo que tenían a los banqueros en busqueda del apalancamiento y más importante de todos: el ahorro te descontaba el futuro, te lo hacía fácil de digerir y hay caídas, te ayuda a caer en buenos términos. Entonces, ¿que pasa que hoy te parece insípido ahorrar y te ofrecen nuevos super-mega-proyectos usando buzzwords yadayadayada como si eso solucionara todos tus problemas?

Una reflexión para nada

En un post anterior, he defendido una perspectiva reflexiva de Byung-Chul Han acerca de bitcoin. Este filosofo, muy crítico al tipo de capitalismo que todo bitcoiner debería oponerse, nos enfatiza como la reflexión y la meditación han sido completamente desorientados de su propósito original al ponerle un precio a todo, donde la actividad del descanso ya no se trata de contemplar y descansar sino tomar una cerveza en un bar y consumir las promociones vigentes para hablar de futuros proyectos laborales.

¿Que va entre esto y bitcoin?

Bitcoin tiene una propiedad monetaria muy fuerte, arraigada en su propio código: la escasez. Esto nos permite hacer planificaciones a largo plazo, teniendo en cuenta cientos de miles de escenarios pero donde la propiedad monetaria no cambia, los eventos y jugadores si, la propiedad no. Vayamos al campo contrario donde tenemos lo que los mismos proponentes llaman una deflación dinámica, ¿que nos encontramos? Que los proyectos de ahorro no son bienvenidos tanto como lo son los de inversión.

La inversión es el nuevo ahorro del mundo fiat y eso se traslada al día de hoy en aquellos proyectos que necesitan liquidez hoy para morir mañana, por supuesto hablamos de las memecoins. Una cosa la cual aquí podemos aprender de un modo bastante pragmatico es que bitcoin y memecoins no pueden ir juntas, por eso bitcoin no es un vehículo de inversión. Explicamos esto.

Bitcoin como inversión: el caso de los ordinals

Mucho fuego se prendió alrededor del caso de los ordinals y las inscripciones durante casi 18 meses consecutivos en los entornos de bitcoin, puede que más. Resumen rápido: podemos incluir memecoins con BRC20, podemos poner NFTs gracias a los ordinals y podemos tener coleccionables por las inscripciones de la misma forma que lo hacen con Ethereum. Parecía buena idea, de hecho y si vamos al caso especifico, incluso los ordinals son superiores.

Intentaron hacer algo pero fue para nada. ¿La razón? Salió caro el experimento y vieron que simplemente moverse rápido en una red que proporciona seguridad no es lo mismo que moverse en Solana, Ethereum y otras ciudadelas donde la degeneración financiera es la norma. Bitcoin no sirve para eso, no sirve para invertir por que no puede darte rendimiento, no puede APYs ni puede darte intereses compuestos, solo puede darte una cosa y es la certeza de que tu dinero estará ahí cuando firmes con tus claves privadas, a prueba de confiscaciones, falsificaciones y emisiones inflacionarias.

Bitcoin como ahorro y reflexión

En un post anterior también he señalado como el ahorro es mejor vehículo que la inversión cuando hablamos de tenencia de bitcoins y es aquí donde la reflexión entra en proceso, donde bitcoin te permite comprar y dejarte llevar por la reflexión de la vida, por eso cuando Jameson Loop hizo un estudio acabado sobre la cultura maximalista descubrió que hay grupos que desean volver a costumbres que se van dejando de lado o tratos sociales que de repente ya no son bienvenidos en un mundo acelerado.

¿La razón? Una hipotesis que ha estado dando vueltas en mi cabeza es la posibilidad de que estas personas están nuevamente entrando en la reflexión social que, como sociedad, hemos reemplazado y automatizado todo, incluyendo la reflexión razonable por lo racional, donde se dictan normas técnicas igualitarias pero no equitativas, donde la racionalidad es apoyada con inteligencia artificial excluyendo la reflexión humana-social, los debates de este tipo lo único que agregan es algoritmos incomprensibles a la crítica razonable, generando un estéril debate racional donde solo existe unos y ceros.

Ese debate es el que se dejó de lado y cuando se renueva esto en diferentes estratos digitales, los internautas lo califican de absurdo, primitivo, troglodita y otros calificativos que van hacia lo antiguo pero desfasado negativo.

El debate en la comunidad bitcoiner nos permite tomar pasos y decisiones razonables en el tiempo, nos permite retomar debates inconclusos y que muchos ya dieron por cerrado sin más preambulo pero debemos traerlos de vuelta. Con bitcoin, esto se puede hacer dado que nos enseña a reflxionar sin perder la marca más importante de todas: todos verificamos la moneda en conjunto.

Bitcoin, en la inactividad de tu wallet, construye tu futuro. Bitcoin hace nada para-algo

@ dbb19ae0:c3f22d5a

https://primal.b-cdn.net/media-cache?s=o&a=1&u=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.nostr.build%2F67956efb3774711d840cb8a6662628e563073c798635028aa4467a06bf323458.jpg

@ 75bf2353:e1bfa895

I wrote a guide that teaches you how to run Ghost self hosted on a Start9 server onto the Clearnet using the cloudflared-startos app on github.. You may also adapt these to host any other app on your Start9 server to the clearnet(i.e. LNBits, VaultWarden, or Jellyfin) Before you begin, read the warning message:

``` ----- WARNING -----

This is for advanced users who know what they are doing.

Exposing your server on the internet brings a lot of responsibility and can expose your server/service to all kind of attacks.

Don't be reckless!

----- WARNING ----- ``` Be careful. Make sure you don't expose something private or secret. For example, it is possible to expose your LND instance to the whole world, but doing so would also expose your private keys. That's obviously a bad idea so be careful.

If you find this useful,thank Remco Ros with a zap

How To Host Start9 Services On Clearnet

Step 1

Download the latest release of Cloudflare Tunnel under the releases tab as shown on the bottom right hand corner of this picture.

Step 2

Under the System Tab of the Start9 operating system, click on "Sideload a Service."

Step 3

In Cloudflare: Navigagte to Networks > Tunnels. Then click create a tunnel. Click next.

Step 4

Click on your tunnel name.(eg. start9)

Step 5

Click "Edit"

![edit](https://github.com/BrutusBondBTC/cloudflared-startos/blob/main/edit.png?raw=true

Step 6

copy the string of letters and numbers after word "install". In this example, we would copy"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.fMihDAKKp2FLS-qit4DN7s5818FWt3dc0u" but your characters will be different.

⚠ Handle this command carefully. It includes a sensitive token that allows the connector to run. Anyone with access to this token will be able to run the tunnel.

Step 7

Paste this token into the token field of the Config "Customize Cloudflare Tunnel" tab. Then click SAVE and Start the service

Step 8

Navigate back to the tunnels page on Cloudflare. Click the public hostname button.

Step 9

Click "add a public host name."

Step 10

On the Public Hostname Page add a domain. You can also add a subdomain in the subdomain section(eg. ghost for the ghost app)

Under type, enter HTTP

**The URL will depend on the service you are adding.

Say you want to add Ghost. Search for Ghost repository under https://github.com/orgs/Start9Labs/repositories

It can be found here: https://github.com/Start9Labs/ghost-startos

Next, click on the manifest.yaml file use the id for the program, in this example it is "ghost". It would be "btcpayserver" if we were exposing the btcpayserver app, but the ID is ghost in this example so we will intere "ghost.embassy:2368 in the URL field of the Public Hostname Page back on Cloudflare.

The number "2368" is the port number and I found it under the port-mapping. In this case on line 53

So our Public Hostname Page should look something like this:

Your domain will be different of course but it will look follow this format:

Type HTTP

URL id.embassy:port_number

Then click save hostname.

After a few minutes you can access your website on the clearnet.

If you want to add LNBits, it would look like this: http://lnbits.embassy:5000.

₿logging ₿itcoin 845,643 🍐Join my Keet Room 📻 Stream sats ❓Send a Boostagram 🛒Shop The Elliptic Curve Economy

Read this article on my blog

@ 1bc70a01:24f6a411

Thought 1: Content Creation, Discovery & Remixing

Recently I’ve been thinking about ways we could highlight nostr’s unique properties while at the same time attracting creators to the platform.

There’s been a lot of discussion about what might spark nostr’s next wave of growth. I pointed out that people come for either other people, or for content. But, I also failed to realize that people also seek ways to express themselves via new tools that enable easy or unique ways of expressing yourself.

One thing we can say with certainty is that people are not coming to nostr for other people. While generally following influencers is a proven growth strategy - after all, many of us followed Jack, we still have a catch 22 problem of lacking audience and incentives for those creators to come here. Even if we managed to convince some large influencers to try the platform, it is not likely that they would stay. They’d need to be really passionate about nostr’s principles and vision to buckle in for the long term.

Problem: creators and influencers won’t come to nostr unless they can grow their audience, and nostr lacks the audience. We’ve seen this play out with Matt Taibi. He joined nostr but was reluctant to stay because there’s little incentive to share with a small audience when Twitter/X can bring in many more eyeballs.

Possible Solution: Instead of brining creators to the platform, enable some of the current passionate user base to become decent creators themselves. We don’t need influencers with giant audiences, we just need good content that keeps people around. If we apply the 80/20 rule (Pareto’s principle), it turns out we don’t need that many creators to have a great flow of content. Enabling just a handful of people to create great content might just do the trick.

How to get there: focus on creating tools that enable expression of creativity. One such tool is Pinstr, but its value is largely untapped. On its own, pinstr is nothing interesting, it’s practically a clone of Pinterest. But, given the interoperable nature of nostr, it would be interesting to see pinned boards / content surfaced within kind 1 clients. People could then explore the board or that user’s other boards further by making their way to Pinstr.

How do we encourage more people to curate interesting pins? How about a pin extension that makes it easy to do so?

How do we enable people remixing other pins? Allow them to re-pin the content to their own boards. These are all mechanics that made Pinterest interesting, but lack in pinstr (as far as I’m aware).

Other ways that we might encourage content creation:

1. Multi-account support. Can we make it SUPER easy to switch between identities when posting some curated content? Yes we can. (Select a different identity when posting)
2. Surfacing “Other stuff” with a call to action to do that thing. For example, if someone shares a list, a kind 1 client should be able to render that list in a way that’s easy to browse, share and encourages to create your own list. If someone shares a music playlist (hopefully via native nostr kind), a person should be able to see the playlist and be encouraged to create their own. Watch stream? > prompt to start your own
3. Gif / meme discovery with a call to action to create your own. (Plebhy, Memester)
4. Styling tools (more complex) to style media, add soundtracks etc (perhaps via integration with Wavlake or other nost-native music events).

5. Content scheduling - help existing users become power users. Instead of posting everything at once, allow users to schedule it out for even distribution. Tools like Shipyard enable this already, but having this ability in-client might make it more accessible and useful.

6. Content pinning extensions - bring the outside world to Nostr. How can people 1-click pin content to nostr without having to switch tabs constantly?

7. App discovery - I think this is already in the works, but being able to surface other apps within kind 1 clients would be super interesting.

8. Enable surfacing of highlighted content and paid content - with highlights, nudge people to read more of the content if it comes from within one of the nostr clients. With paid content, indicate that it is premium content and encourage creation of premium content “Become a creator” or “Join creator studio”.
9. Encourage people to write long-form opinion content. When reading a long form article, perhaps have a call to action to start your own nostr publication. “Publish on Nostr and earn”
10. Surface and encourage audio creation - we don’t have a nostr podcast client yet, but if there was one, kind 1 clients could surface that content automatically and encourage people to start their own podcasts, audio diaries, audio chats (nostr nests) or audio stories. Kind 1 clients could surface audio clips with waveforms and subtitles built in, or create a framework by which other developers could create this type of interaction with your kind 1 client. Can users create their own clip playlists from audio content fetched from the nostr podcast app? Why not?

The common objection to all of this might be that “you can already do all of this just by copying links”. Yes, and no. Copying links does share content - albeit in a boring preview way. It does not enable interactivity, nor prompt people to create that type of content. I think this is where nostr could shine.

Thought 2: Interoperability

One of the greatest strengths of nostr is the ability to display events across clients. I think of kind 1 clients as the glue that holds together the “other stuff”. The other stuff apps can be used to create the stuff, and kind 1 can enable discovery of said stuff, while encouraging to visit those tools to create their own.

Traditional social media platforms are encourage to put up walls and discourage leaking of users to other places. The more time a user spends on a website or app, the better for that company. But, with nostr, there’s a virtuous positive loop that does not punish leaking of attention, but instead, rewards it. The more content people create, the more interesting your kind 1 discovery client becomes.

How to get there: It’s going to take a lot of work to integrate the other stuff, but it’s already under way. As a client developer, partner up with other stuff clients to figure out how to best support them. Open up nostrapps.com to see what exists, and how your client can accommodate the surfacing of that stuff with minimal effort (since our resources are so scarce). Tap into product designers to help conceptualize and visualize interactions and growth loops. #nostrdesign is ready to help with this.

Type of content kind 1 clients could surface and create loops for:

1. Playlists
2. Pin boards (pinstr)
3. Audio chats (nost nests, corny chat)
4. Highlights (highlighter)
5. Payments
6. Fundraisers (Heya, Geyser)
7. Communities
8. Events (Flockstr)
9. Streams (zapstream)
10. Long form content
11. Job posts / boards
12. Recipes (zap cooking)
13. Lists
14. Torrents (Stan)
15. News feeds
16. Calling functionality
17. DMVs
18. Podcast clips, playlists
19. Audio clips
20. Marketplace items (Shopstr, Creatstr, Plebeian Market)
21. Paid content (highlighter)

Recap

1. Build tools to aid content creation
2. Surface “other stuff” in kind 1 clients
3. Prompt people to create their own stuff

I’m probably missing a ton, or not thinking of unique experiences that are just under the nose. What am I missing? What other cool interactions could be enabled by nostr’s interoperabilit

@ 03612b0e:afd71216

c-lightning-REST with Tailscale on Start9

This guide gives you commands to run additional containers on Start9. This is not officially supported and will break on reboot. You can always run the containers again to restore the setup. The containers are used to provide access, via Tailscale, to Core Lightning's c-lightning-REST plugin

Start9 setup

1. In your Start9 dashboard, make sure you have C-Lightning-REST enabled.
   • Services > Core Lightning > Config > Advanced > Plugins > C-Lightning-REST
2. SSH to your Start9, see documentation for help: https://docs.start9.com/0.3.5.x/user-manual/ssh
3. Access the root account: sudo -i
4. Run tailscaled and alpine/socat containers:

podman run -d \ --name=tailscaled.embassy \ -v /dev/net/tun:/dev/net/tun \ -v /var/lib:/var/lib \ -e TS_HOSTNAME=tailscaled \ --network=host \ --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \ --cap-add=NET_RAW \ docker.io/tailscale/tailscale:stable

podman run -d \ --name=socat.embassy \ --publish 4321:1234 \ --network=start9 \ docker.io/alpine/socat \ tcp-listen:1234,fork,reuseaddr tcp:c-lightning.embassy:3001

• Note, if you see errors related to /root/.docker/config.json or Unexpected end of JSON, run echo '{}' > /root/.docker/config.json

• Check the status of tailscaled and log in

``` podman exec tailscaled.embassy tailscale --socket /tmp/tailscaled.sock status

example output

Logged out. Log in at: https://login.tailscale.com/a/1fa8e293dfd108

```

Zeus wallet setup

1. On your Start9, copy your REST Macaroon (Hex) for Zeus wallet setup
   • Services > Core Lightning > Properties > REST Properties > REST Macaroon (Hex)
2. On your phone, connect to Tailscale
3. In Zeus wallet, add a new node
   • Settings > (tap the active node) > +

Setting | Value ---|--- Node interface | Core Lightning (c-lightning-Rest) Host | tailscaled.YOUR_TAILNET_DOMAIN Macaroon (Hex format) | see last step REST Port | 4321 Certificate Verification | disabled

SAVE NODE CONFIG

• Note, you can find YOUR_TAILNET_DOMAN at https://login.tailscale.com/admin/dns

Enjoy!

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

👉play the audio to listen to the article. https://media.nostr.build/av/749a03816c328c599054f31113588f9f5a47b5e67681e3a1eb9ee97c8f2e0dd3.mp3

Welcome to Nostr!

Introduction. Is this your first time here in Nostr? Welcome! Nostr has a oddball acronym for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays" with a simple goal, to be censorship-resistance. An alternative to traditional social media, communications, blogging, streaming, podcasting and eventually email (in development) with decentralization that empowers you, dear user. No more will you have to be plagued by ads, held by centralized entities and data hungry algorithms that monetizes you.

Allow me to be your host! I'm Onigirl! I'm on a quest to explore the world of Nostr, a decentralized communication protocol. I write about the tools, and the awesome developers within Nostr that bring this realm roaring with life.

Welcome to Nostr Wonderland

You're about to step into another world that will explode your mind from all the decentralized apps, clients, web3 enabled sites that you can use. You're never going to look at communications, logging in, 2FA, and social media the same way ever again. All thanks to Nostr's cryptographic nature inspired by Bitcoin blockchain technology. Each user, when they create a Nostr account, they get two keys, a private and a public key. These are your keys to your very own kingdom. Whatever you write, sing, podcast, stream, anything you create --all of it belongs to you. The sky is literally the limit!

A Gold and Silver Key

A friend of mine and I, call this "Identity by Encryption" because your Identity is encrypted. You can share your silver key, "npub" to other users to connect and follow. Use your gold key, "nsec" to unlock your account to plugin into a plethora of applications. Keep this key safe at all times. There is no reason to be caged ever again by social platforms TOS henceforth!

👉Give it a whirl, you can follow me by copying and pasting my public key into your search bar on any client that you decide to use.

Onigirl npub18jvyjwpmm65g8v9azmlvu8knd5m7xlxau08y8vt75n53jtkpz2ys6mqqu3

Don't have a client yet? Select the best option

Find the right App for you! This is where you can use your gold key, "nsec" to login into these wonderful tools. You can also visit Nostr's app page here. Before you start pasting your gold key everywhere on apps, consider using a signers (for web3 enabled sites) please look at the next image for details, also refer to the legend.

Get a Signer extension via chrome webstore

A signer is an extension in the chrome webstore on Google. Nos2x and NostrConnect are widely accepted extension for logins. This simplifies the process of logging into web3 sites instead of copying and pasting your gold key, "nsec" each and every time, you keep it within the extension and give it permission(s) to sign you in.

👉⚡⚡Get a Bitcoin lightning wallet to send/receive Zaps⚡⚡ (This is optional)

Here on Nostr, we use the Bitcoin Lightning network (L2). You will need to get a lightning wallet in order to send/receive Satoshi. These are the smallest denominations of a Bitcoin. It is a one hundred millionth of a single bitcoin (0.00000001 BTC). Zaps are a form of "micropayment with sats" here on Nostr. If you enjoy a user content, it is the norm to "⚡zap⚡" a.k.a "tip" for their content. For example, If you like my content, you can zap me with SATs to reward my work. But you just arrived, you don't have a wallet yet. No worries! I got you covered!

"Stacker.News" is a platform where users can earn SATs by writing articles and engaging with other users. You.

👉Stacker.News is also the easiest place to get a Bitcoin Lighting wallet address.

1. Log in with your "Signer" extension either "Nos2x or NostrConnect" click your profile which will be random letters and numbers in the upper right corner. You will see something like this:
2. Click "edit" and choose a name that you like, and if you don't like it. You can change again later.
3. Click "save"
4. Create a bio and the SN community are very welcoming and will zap you some sats to welcome you.
5. You new Bitcoin Lightning Wallet address will appear like this: #### ^^Do not zap this address; this is purely for educational purposes!
6. With your New Bitcoin Lightning wallet address you can put this into any client or app of your choice. To do this, go to your profile page and under your wallet address under "LN Address," enter your new address and hit "save" and there ya go. Congratulations!

👉✨Eventually, you may want to move to self custodial options and maybe consider to even self-host your own LN node for better privacy. Good news is stacker.news is also moving away from being a custodian wallet.

Nostr, the maverick of Servers

Instead of using a single instance or a centralized server Nostr is built to have several databases to exchange messages using "relays." Relays, which are neutral and nondiscriminatory, store and broadcast public messages in the Nostr network. They transmit messages to all other clients connected to them, securing communications in the decentralized network.

My friends in Nostr welcome you!

Welcome to the tea Party, would you like a spot of tea?🍵

There's so much more!

This is just the tip of the iceberg. Follow me as I continue to explore new lands and the developers, called "knights" behind this ever-growing ecosystem. Meet me here for more content like this and share this with future nostr users. Learn about the knights fighting for freedomTech within Nostr and the projects that are contributing to make it happen. Make your life more decentralized with Nostr. 💋

Onigirl @npub18jvyjwpmm65g8v9azmlvu8knd5m7xlxau08y8vt75n53jtkpz2ys6mqqu3

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

จุดเริ่มต้นของตำนาน

ท่ามกลางแสงแดดเจิดจ้าและลมทะเลเย็นสบายของหาดเมืองแกลง ชายหนุ่มรูปร่างกระทัดรัดนามว่า "ซุป" กำลังนั่งจดจ่ออยู่หน้าจอคอมพิวเตอร์ ดวงตาเป็นประกายฉายแววความสนใจขณะไล่อ่านบทความวิชาการทางด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์ ความรู้ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงแค่ตัวอักษรบนหน้าจอ แต่มันคือแรงบันดาลใจ เปรียบเสมือนขุมทรัพย์ที่รอการขุดค้นสำหรับเขา

ซุป ไม่ใช่หนุ่มนักเรียนหัวกะทิหรือบัณฑิตจบใหม่จากรั้วมหาวิทยาลัยดัง แต่เป็นชายหนุ่มธรรมดาที่หลงใหลในศาสตร์แห่งการจัดสรรทรัพยากรอันหายาก เศรษฐศาสตร์ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นสำนักคลาสสิคหรือออสเตรียน ล้วนดึงดูดความสนใจของเขาให้เข้าไปสำรวจอย่างลึกซึ้ง ยิ่งเรียนรู้ ซุปยิ่งค้นพบความมหัศจรรย์ของศาสตร์นี้ มันไม่ใช่แค่ทฤษฎีบนหน้ากระดาษ แต่สะท้อนอยู่ในทุกๆ การกระทำของมนุษย์

มันเหมือนเวลาที่เราไปเที่ยวทะเล.. เราไม่ได้แค่เห็นน้ำทะเลสีฟ้าสวยงาม แต่เราสัมผัสได้ถึงไอเย็นของลมทะเล ได้ยินเสียงคลื่นซัดสาด ได้กลิ่นอายของเกลือ ความรู้ด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์เองก็เช่นกัน เราจะมองเห็นมันได้ในทุกๆ การตัดสินใจ ทุกๆ การกระทำ ตั้งแต่การซื้อของในร้านสะดวกซื้อ ไปจนถึงการเลือกอาชีพ

หนึ่งในขุมทรัพย์ความรู้ที่ซุปหลงใหลมากที่สุด คือ เศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน โดยเฉพาะแนวคิดเรื่อง "มูลค่าอัตวิสัย" (Subjective Value) ทฤษฎีนี้สอนให้เขาเข้าใจว่ามูลค่าของสิ่งต่างๆ ไม่ได้ขึ้นอยู่กับต้นทุนการผลิต หรือแรงงานที่ใส่ลงไป แต่มันขึ้นอยู่กับการประเมินของแต่ละบุคคล สิ่งที่สำคัญสำหรับคนหนึ่ง อาจดูไร้ค่าสำหรับอีกคน และมูลค่าของสิ่งเดียวกันก็อาจเปลี่ยนแปลงไปตามกาลเวลาและสถานการณ์

ซึ่งก็เหมือนกับตอนเรายังเด็กๆ ของเล่นชิ้นโปรดอาจเป็นตุ๊กตากันหมีตัวเก่าๆ แต่วันนี้ ตุ๊กตาตัวนั้นอาจถูกเก็บไว้ในกล่องใต้เตียงไปแล้ว เพราะความต้องการของเราเปลี่ยนไป เราให้คุณค่ากับสิ่งอื่นๆ มากกว่าเมื่อเวลาผ่านไป

ความหลงใหลในเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียนนำพาซุปไปรู้จักกับ อ.พิริยะ และทีมงาน Right Shift กลุ่มคนรุ่นใหม่ที่มุ่งมั่นเผยแพร่ความรู้ทางเศรษฐศาสตร์อย่างเข้าใจง่าย ซุปกลายเป็นแฟนตัวยง ติดตามผลงานแทบทุกชิ้น และใฝ่ฝันว่าสักวันหนึ่งจะได้มีโอกาสร่วมงานกับทีม แต่ด้วยความขี้อายและอ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน ซุปจึงไม่เคยกล้าเอ่ยปาก เขาเลือกที่จะเป็นผู้สนับสนุนอยู่ห่างๆ อย่างเงียบๆ

บางครั้ง.. ความฝันก็เหมือนเมล็ดพันธุ์ เราต้องหมั่นรดน้ำ พรวนดิน และดูแลมันอย่างดี ถึงแม้จะไม่รู้ว่ามันจะเติบโตงอกงามเมื่อไร แต่ถ้าเรายังคงดูแลมันต่อไป สักวันหนึ่งมันจะผลิดอกออกผลให้เราได้ชื่นชม

จุดเปลี่ยนแห่งโชคชะตา

ชีวิตของซุป.. เหมือนเรือเล็กที่ล่องลอยไปตามกระแสน้ำ มีความสุขกับการเรียนรู้ เสพย์ติดความรู้ด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์และมีความฝันเล็กๆ ที่อยากร่วมงานกับทีม Right Shift

วันหนึ่ง.. โชคชะตาก็เล่นตลก เหมือนส่งคลื่นลูกใหญ่ซัดเข้ามาหาเรือลำน้อยของซุป

Right Shift กำลังประสบปัญหาขาดแคลนนักตัดต่อวิดีโอคลิป จนกระทั่ง Jakk Goodday หนึ่งในผู้ก่อตั้ง ต้องลงมาทำเองแก้ขัดไปก่อน ข่าวนี้แพร่สะพัดไปถึงหูของซุป เขาถึงกับอุทานออกมาเบาๆ

"เอ๊ะ.. นี่มันโอกาสของเราหรือเปล่านะ?"

สถานการณ์แบบนี้มันเหมือนตอนเราเดินเล่นอยู่ริมชายหาด แล้วเจอขวดแก้วที่ถูกคลื่นซัดมาเกยตื้น ข้างในมีกระดาษเขียนข้อความลอยอยู่ เราจะเก็บมันขึ้นมาอ่านไหมหรือจะปล่อยให้คลื่นซัดมันกลับลงทะเลไป?

ความคิดมากมายวนเวียนอยู่ในหัวของซุป เขาไม่ใช่มืออาชีพ แต่ก็พอมีฝีมือด้านการตัดต่ออยู่บ้าง จะลองเสี่ยงดูดีไหมนะ? ถ้าไม่ลอง.. ก็คงไม่มีโอกาส แต่ถ้าลองแล้วไม่สำเร็จล่ะ? จะกลายเป็นตัวตลกหรือเปล่านะ?

ในที่สุด.. ซุปก็ตัดสินใจ "เอาวะ! ลองดูสักตั้ง อย่างน้อยก็ได้พิสูจน์ตัวเอง"

เขาส่งข้อความไปหา Jakk บอกเล่าความสามารถและความตั้งใจ พร้อมกับยื่นมือเข้าช่วยเหลือ

บางครั้ง.. โอกาสก็มาในรูปแบบของปัญหา คนที่มองเห็นโอกาสและกล้าที่จะคว้ามันไว้ ก็จะประสบความสำเร็จ

สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นหลังจากนั้นมันราวกับความฝัน Jakk ตอบรับและให้โอกาสซุปเข้ามาทดลองงาน ความกดดันถาโถมเข้ามาอย่างหนัก แต่ซุปก็พยายามอย่างเต็มที่ เขาใช้ความรู้ด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียนในการประเมินคุณค่าของโอกาสนี้ มันมีค่ามากกว่าความสบายใจในฐานะแฟนคลับ มากกว่าความกลัวที่จะล้มเหลว

"ความกลัว คือ กำแพงที่กั้นระหว่าง ตัวเรา กับ ความฝัน"

ซุปทุ่มเททุกอย่างให้กับงาน ไม่เคยเกี่ยงงอนหรือบ่นว่าเหนื่อย เพราะสำหรับเขา.. นี่คือโอกาสทอง มันคือการได้ทำงานที่รักร่วมกับทีมที่เขาชื่นชม

ทฤษฎีมูลค่าอัตวิสัยสอนให้เรารู้ว่า มูลค่าของสิ่งต่างๆ ไม่ได้ขึ้นอยู่กับปัจจัยภายนอก เช่น ราคา หรือ ต้นทุนการผลิต แต่มันขึ้นอยู่กับ การประเมินของแต่ละบุคคล

การตัดสินใจครั้งสำคัญของซุป นำพาเขาไปสู่เส้นทางใหม่ เส้นทางที่เต็มไปด้วยความท้าทาย แต่ก็เต็มไปด้วยโอกาสเช่นกัน เส้นทางที่เขาจะได้เรียนรู้ เติบโต และสร้างคุณค่าให้กับตัวเองและสังคม การตัดสินใจของซุปนั้นมันช่างสอดคล้องกับหลักการของเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียนที่เน้นการกระทำของมนุษย์ การประเมินมูลค่า และการตัดสินใจ

วันเวลาแห่งการสร้างคุณค่า

แสงไฟจากจอคอมพิวเตอร์ยังคงสาดส่องใบหน้าของซุป.. ดวงตาของเขาจดจ้องอยู่กับเส้นเวลา ตัดต่อ เรียบเรียง ประกอบร่าง วิดีโอคลิปแต่ละชิ้นให้สมบูรณ์ งานที่ได้รับมอบหมายไม่ใช่งานง่าย แต่ซุปไม่เคยปริปากบ่น เขาก้มหน้าก้มตาทำงานของตัวเองไปอย่างเต็มที่

"นี่มันคือความฝันของเราเลยนะ จะมัวบ่นทำไมกัน" ซุปพึมพำกับตัวเอง

ซุปในตอนนี้ก็เหมือนนักปีนเขาที่กำลังไต่ขึ้นสู่ยอดเขา เส้นทางอาจจะลำบาก ขรุขระ และเต็มไปด้วยอุปสรรค แต่ทุกย่างก้าวก็คือ ความท้าทาย และความภาคภูมิใจ

แม้จะไม่ได้รับผลตอบแทนมากมาย แต่สำหรับซุป ความสุขที่ได้รับจากการทำงานมันมีค่ามากกว่าเงินทอง เขาได้เรียนรู้อะไรใหม่ๆ มากมาย ได้ฝึกฝนทักษะ ได้สร้างสรรค์ผลงาน และที่สำคัญที่สุด คือ ได้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของทีมที่เขารัก

ในทางเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน เราเรียกสิ่งนี้ว่า "การประเมินมูลค่าโดยการใช้ประโยชน์ที่มีค่าน้อยที่สุด" (Valuation by the Least Valuable Use) หมายความว่า.. เมื่อคนเราต้องตัดสินใจ เราจะประเมินมูลค่าของสิ่งต่างๆ โดยพิจารณาจากประโยชน์ที่เราจะได้รับจากการใช้งานนั้นๆ

ในกรณีของซุป.. การทำงานกับ Right Shift อาจไม่ได้ทำให้เขาร่ำรวย แต่เขาได้รับประสบการณ์ ความรู้ และความสุข ซึ่งสิ่งเหล่านี้มีมูลค่าสำหรับซุปมากกว่าเงินทอง

บางครั้ง.. คุณค่าของสิ่งต่างๆ ก็ไม่สามารถวัดได้ด้วยเงิน

นอกจากนี้.. การทำงานกับ Right Shift ยังเปิดโอกาสให้ซุปได้พบปะผู้คนมากมาย ทั้งคนดัง ผู้เชี่ยวชาญ และบุคคลที่น่าสนใจ ซึ่งเป็นเหมือน "อรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่ม" (Marginal Utility) ที่เติมเต็มความสุขในการทำงานของเขา

เหมือนเวลาเรากินข้าวจานแรกอาจจะอร่อยมากเพราะเราหิว แต่พอจานที่สอง จานที่สาม ความอร่อยก็เริ่มลดลง จนกระทั่งเราอิ่ม จนไม่อยากกินอีกแล้ว

ประสบการณ์ใหม่ๆ ก็เช่นกัน ครั้งแรกที่ได้เจออาจจะตื่นเต้น ประทับใจ แต่พอเจอบ่อยๆ ความตื่นเต้นก็จะลดลง แต่ความทรงจำและความรู้สึกดีๆ ยังคงอยู่

แนวคิดเรื่อง "อรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่ม" ช่วยอธิบายว่า ทำไมคนเราถึงแสวงหาประสบการณ์ใหม่ๆ แม้ว่าความตื่นเต้นจะลดลงตามกาลเวลา

ซุป ยังคงทำงานอย่างหนัก พัฒนาตัวเองและสร้างสรรค์ผลงาน เขาไม่รู้ว่าอนาคตจะเป็นอย่างไร แต่เขารู้ว่า.. เขาได้เลือกเส้นทางที่ถูกต้องแล้ว เส้นทางที่เขาได้สร้างคุณค่าให้กับตัวเองและสังคม

"ความสุข ไม่ได้อยู่ที่ปลายทาง แต่อยู่ในระหว่างทาง"

บทเพลงแห่งการแบ่งปัน

เวลาผ่านไป.. ซุปสั่งสมประสบการณ์และความรู้มากขึ้น จากชายหนุ่มขี้อาย เขากลายเป็นนักตัดต่อมือฉมัง และที่สำคัญคือความรู้ด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียนที่สั่งสมมาตลอดมันเริ่มผลิดอกออกผล

ซุป อยากแบ่งปันความรู้ อยากให้คนอื่นๆ ได้สัมผัสความมหัศจรรย์ของศาสตร์นี้เหมือนที่เขาเคยสัมผัส เขาปรึกษากับ Jakk และ อิสระ (น้องเล็กในทีม) ซึ่งมีความสนใจในเรื่องเดียวกันและต่างก็มีแรงปรารถนาที่จะจะเผยแพร่มันเช่นกัน

ซุป: "พี่ Jakk, อิส ผมอยากทำรายการเกี่ยวกับเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน พี่คิดว่าไงครับ"

Jakk: "ไอเดียดีนะซุป แต่จะทำยังไงให้มันเข้าใจง่าย ไม่น่าเบื่อ ไม่เอาศัพท์แสงบ้าบอคอแตกนะ"

อิสระ: "พี่ซุปเล่าเรื่องเก่ง เราทำเป็นนิทานก็ได้นี่ครับ"

ซุป: "นิทานอิสซุป เหมือนที่ อ.พิริยะ ตั้งให้อะหรอ เออ.. ชื่อนี้ เข้าท่าดีนะ"

และแล้ว "นิทานอิสซุป" ก็ถือกำเนิดขึ้น รายการที่นำเสนอความรู้ด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียนในรูปแบบง่ายๆ สบายๆ เข้าใจง่าย เสียงนุ่มๆ ของซุป บวกกับลีลาการเล่าเรื่องที่เป็นเอกลักษณ์ของอิสระ ดึงดูดผู้ชมได้อย่างมากมาย

เหมือนแม่น้ำที่ไหลรินลงจากยอดเขา นำพาธาตุอาหารไปหล่อเลี้ยง ต้นไม้ พืชพันธุ์และสัตว์น้อยใหญ่ ความรู้ก็เช่นกัน เมื่อถูกแบ่งปันมันจะสร้างคุณค่าให้กับผู้รับและผู้ให้ ซุปมีความสุขที่ได้แบ่งปันความรู้ และยิ่งแบ่งปันเขาก็ยิ่งได้รับความสุขและคุณค่ามากขึ้น

นี่อาจคล้าย "กฎของอรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่มที่ลดลง" (Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility) เมื่อเรามีบางสิ่งบางอย่างมากขึ้น ความพึงพอใจที่ได้รับจากหน่วย (Unit) ที่เพิ่มขึ้นจะค่อยๆ ลดลง

แต่.. กฎนี้ใช้ไม่ได้กับ “ความรู้” และ “การแบ่งปัน” ยิ่งเรามีความรู้มากขึ้น ยิ่งเราแบ่งปันมากขึ้น ความสุขและ คุณค่าที่ได้รับก็จะยิ่งเพิ่มขึ้น ซึ่ง ซุป ก็เข้าใจหลักการนี้จึงเลือกที่จะแบ่งปันความรู้เพื่อสร้างคุณค่าให้กับสังคม และเติมเต็มความสุขให้กับตัวเอง

"นิทานอิสซุป" ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงแค่รายการ แต่เป็นพื้นที่ ที่ซุปได้แสดงออกถึงความรักและความหลงใหลในเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน เขาไม่ได้ทำเพื่อชื่อเสียงหรือเงินทอง แต่ทำเพื่อแบ่งปันและสร้างคุณค่าให้กับสังคม

การให้ คือ การได้รับ ที่ยิ่งใหญ่ที่สุด

"นิทานอิสซุป" จึงเป็นมากกว่านิทานวิชาการ มันคือบทเพลงแห่งการแบ่งปัน บทเพลงที่ ซุป บรรจงแต่ง เพื่อส่งต่อความรู้และแรงบันดาลใจให้กับผู้คน

"เพราะ.. ความรู้ คือ แสงสว่าง ที่ช่วยขับไล่ความมืดมน"

ก้าวสู่แสงไฟ

นิทานอิสซุป กลายเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของเส้นทางใหม่ เส้นทางที่นำพา ซุป ก้าวออกจากเงามืดไปสู่แสงไฟ เหมือนดอกไม้ที่เบ่งบานท่ามกลางแสงแดด อวดสีสันและกลิ่นหอม ดึงดูดผึ้งและผีเสื้อให้เข้ามาดอมดม

ซุป ไม่ใช่แค่นักเล่านิทาน แต่เขาได้ค่อยๆ กลายเป็นหนึ่งในอินฟลูเอนเซอร์ในวงการบิตคอยน์ไทยอย่างช้าๆ ภายใต้ฉายา "ประธานซุป" เขาได้รับเชิญไปบรรยาย ออกรายการ และร่วมงานกับบุคคลที่มีชื่อเสียงมากมาย

ความสำเร็จ มันก็มักจะมาพร้อมกับความรับผิดชอบและความคาดหวัง เส้นทางของ ซุป ไม่ได้ถูกโรยด้วยกลีบกุหลาบ เขาต้องตัดสินใจครั้งสำคัญหลายครั้ง เช่น การทิ้งรายได้จากงานฟรีแลนซ์, การสละโอกาสทางการเมือง เพื่อทุ่มเทให้กับ Right Shift

“การตัดสินใจ” คือ กระบวนการเลือกทางเลือกหนึ่ง เหนือทางเลือกอื่นๆ โดยพิจารณาจาก การประเมินมูลค่าอัตวิสัย

ซุป เลือกที่จะเสียสละสิ่งที่คนอื่นมองว่ามีค่า เพื่อสิ่งที่เขามองว่ามีค่ามากกว่า นั่นคือ.. ความฝัน ความสุข และ การสร้างคุณค่าให้กับสังคม

"การเสียสละ คือ บทพิสูจน์ ของความมุ่งมั่น"

ตลอดเส้นทาง ซุป ได้รับการสนับสนุนและคำแนะนำ จาก Jakk Goodday ผู้ที่เชื่อมั่นในศักยภาพของเขา ตั้งแต่วันแรก ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง ซุป และ Jakk สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงความสำคัญของ "การแลกเปลี่ยนที่เป็นประโยชน์ร่วมกัน" (Mutually Beneficial Exchange) ซึ่งเป็นหัวใจสำคัญของ เศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน

Jakk เห็นคุณค่าในตัว ซุป จึงให้โอกาสและสนับสนุนเขา ในขณะที่ ซุป ก็ตอบแทนด้วยการทำงานอย่างเต็มที่ และ สร้างคุณค่าให้กับทีม Right Shift

การให้ และ การรับ นั้นเป็นวัฏจักรที่สร้างสรรค์ และ ยั่งยืน

เส้นทางของ "ซุป" จากแฟนคลับสู่ประธานซุป เป็นบทเรียนชีวิตที่สอนให้เรารู้ว่า.. ความฝัน ความมุ่งมั่น การเสียสละ และการสร้างคุณค่า คือ สิ่งสำคัญที่นำพาเราไปสู่ความสำเร็จ

และทุกคน ก็มีศักยภาพที่จะสร้างคุณค่า และประสบความสำเร็จ ในแบบของตัวเอง

คุณค่าที่แท้จริง

เรื่องราวของ "ซุป" ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงแค่เรื่องราวของความสำเร็จ แต่เป็นบทเรียนชีวิตที่สอนให้เราเข้าใจถึงคุณค่าที่แท้จริง

เหมือนต้นไม้ใหญ่ที่เติบโตแผ่กิ่งก้านสาขา ให้ร่มเงาและผลิดอกออกผล ซุป เปรียบเสมือนต้นไม้ต้นนั้น เขาเติบโต จากเมล็ดพันธุ์เล็กๆ ที่หลงใหลในความรู้ ด้วยการหมั่นรดน้ำ พรวนดิน ใส่ปุ๋ย คือความมุ่งมั่น ความอดทน และ การเสียสละ จนกระทั่งเติบใหญ่ แผ่กิ่งก้านสาขาให้ร่มเงา คือการแบ่งปันความรู้และผลิดอกออกผล คือความสำเร็จและการเป็นแรงบันดาลใจให้กับผู้อื่น

หลักการของ ทฤษฎีมูลค่าอัตวิสัย (Subjective value) สะท้อนให้เห็นในทุกๆ การตัดสินใจของ ซุป

การประเมินมูลค่า >> ซุป ประเมินคุณค่าของโอกาส ประสบการณ์ และความสุข มากกว่าเงินทองและชื่อเสียง การเสียสละ >> ซุป ยอมสละรายได้และโอกาสทางการเมือง เพื่อหันมาทำในสิ่งที่เขารักและเชื่อมั่น ความอดทน >> ซุป ทำงานหนัก พัฒนาตัวเองและอดทนรอคอย จนกระทั่งประสบความสำเร็จ การสร้างคุณค่า >> ซุป แบ่งปันความรู้และสร้างแรงบันดาลใจ ให้กับผู้อื่น

เรื่องราวของ ซุป สะท้อนให้เห็นถึง "ปฏิทรรศน์น้ำ-เพชร" (Water-Diamond Paradox) ซึ่งเป็นแนวคิดใน เศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน ที่อธิบายว่า.. ทำไมสิ่งที่จำเป็นอย่าง น้ำ ถึงมีราคาถูก ในขณะที่สิ่งฟุ่มเฟือยอย่าง เพชร ถึงมีราคาแพง

ในชีวิตจริง.. สิ่งที่สำคัญสำหรับคนหนึ่ง อาจไม่ได้สลักสำคัญสำหรับอีกคน และมูลค่าของสิ่งต่างๆ ก็ขึ้นอยู่กับ บริบทและความต้องการของแต่ละบุคคล

ความสุข และ ความสำเร็จ ไม่ได้มีสูตรสำเร็จตายตัว แต่ละคนต้องค้นหาและสร้างมันขึ้นมาเอง

ซุป ค้นพบ “คุณค่าที่แท้จริง” ของชีวิต เขาไม่จำเป็นต้องมีเงินทองมากมาย หรือมีชื่อเสียงโด่งดัง แต่เขามีความสุขกับการได้ทำในสิ่งที่รักและสร้างคุณค่าให้กับสังคม

“จงค้นหาคุณค่าที่แท้จริงของชีวิต และ ใช้ชีวิตให้มีความหมาย”

"คุณค่าของคน อยู่ที่ผลของงาน"

11 พฤษภาคม เป็นวันคล้ายวันเกิดของ ซุป บทความนี้ผมจึงอุทิศน์ให้กับเขา และขอให้เจ้าตัวมีความสุขในการมุ่งมั่นสร้างคุณค่าในแบบของตัวเองสืบต่อไป ขอให้ทุกคนได้ร่วมอวยพรและให้กำลังใจเพื่อนคนเก่งของเราคนนี้กันด้วยครับ

ภาคผนวก

Subjective Value มองคุณค่าผ่านเลนส์ของตัวเอง

ทฤษฎีมูลค่าอัตวิสัย (Subjective Value) เปรียบเสมือนแว่นตาพิเศษที่ช่วยให้เราเข้าใจว่าทำไมคนเราถึงมองเห็น "คุณค่า" ของสิ่งต่างๆ แตกต่างกัน

ลองนึกภาพว่าเรากำลังดูภาพวาด abstract บางคนอาจมองว่ามันสวยงาม มีเอกลักษณ์ ในขณะที่บางคนอาจมองว่ามันดูยุ่งเหยิง ไม่มีความหมาย

ทฤษฎีนี้บอกเราว่า "คุณค่า" ไม่ได้ติดมากับสิ่งของ หรือถูกกำหนดโดยปัจจัยภายนอก เช่น ต้นทุนการผลิตหรือแรงงานที่ใช้ แต่ "คุณค่า" เกิดขึ้นจากการประเมินของแต่ละบุคคล ขึ้นอยู่กับความต้องการ ความชอบ ประสบการณ์ และสถานการณ์ของแต่ละคน

นักเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียนเชื่อว่า "มนุษย์" เป็นศูนย์กลางของกิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจ และการตัดสินใจของมนุษย์นั้นขับเคลื่อนด้วย "มูลค่าอัตวิสัย" ที่พวกเขามีต่อสิ่งต่างๆ

ยกตัวอย่างง่ายๆ

คนที่กำลังหิวโหย อาจมองว่า "ข้าวเปล่า 1 จาน" มีค่ามาก แต่สำหรับคนที่เพิ่งกินอิ่มมา ข้าวเปล่าจานนั้นอาจไม่มีค่าเลย

นักสะสมงานศิลปะ อาจยอมจ่ายเงินมหาศาลเพื่อซื้อภาพวาด แต่สำหรับคนที่ไม่เข้าใจศิลปะ ภาพวาดนั้นอาจดูไร้ค่า

นักเรียนที่กำลังเตรียมสอบ อาจมองว่า "เวลา 1 ชั่วโมง" มีค่ามาก แต่สำหรับคนที่กำลังว่าง เวลา 1 ชั่วโมงอาจไม่มีค่าอะไรเลย

การเข้าใจ "ทฤษฎีมูลค่าอัตวิสัย" ช่วยให้เรายอมรับความแตกต่างและเคารพการตัดสินใจของผู้อื่น เพราะสิ่งที่สำคัญสำหรับเราอาจไม่สำคัญสำหรับคนอื่น และที่สำคัญ "มูลค่า" ยังสามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงไปตามกาลเวลาและสถานการณ์

โทรศัพท์มือถือรุ่นเก่า ที่เมื่อก่อนอาจมีมูลค่ามาก แต่ตอนนี้อาจกลายเป็นของสะสมหรือ ขยะอิเล็กทรอนิกส์

บ้านหลังเก่า เมื่อก่อนอาจเคยเป็นบ้านในฝัน แต่ตอนนี้อาจทรุดโทรม จนต้องซ่อมแซม

เรื่องราวของ "ซุป" สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงการเปลี่ยนแปลงของ "มูลค่า" เขาเคยให้คุณค่ากับความสบายใจในฐานะแฟนคลับ แต่เมื่อมีโอกาสเขาก็เปลี่ยนมาให้คุณค่ากับการทำงาน การสร้างคุณค่า และการแบ่งปันความรู้

"ทฤษฎีมูลค่าอัตวิสัย" จึงเป็นเครื่องมือสำคัญที่ช่วยให้เราเข้าใจการตัดสินใจ พฤติกรรม และการกระทำของมนุษย์ ทั้งในชีวิตประจำวันและในระบบเศรษฐกิจ

เลือกสิ่งที่ดีที่สุด ณ เวลานั้น

"การประเมินมูลค่าโดยการใช้ประโยชน์ที่มีค่าน้อยที่สุด" (Valuation by the Least Valuable Use) ฟังดูอาจจะซับซ้อนทำความเข้าใจได้ยาก แต่จริงๆแล้วมันคือหลักการง่ายๆ ที่เราใช้ในการตัดสินใจในชีวิตประจำวัน

เวลาเราเข้าไปในร้านขายเสื้อผ้าที่มีเสื้อผ้ามากมายหลากหลายแบบ เราจะเลือกซื้อ เสื้อผ้าตัวไหน?

เราคงไม่เลือกซื้อเสื้อผ้าทุกตัวในร้าน แต่จะเลือกเสื้อผ้าที่ตอบโจทย์ความต้องการของเรามากที่สุด ณ เวลานั้น เช่น เสื้อผ้าที่ใส่ไปทำงาน เสื้อผ้าที่ใส่ไปเที่ยว หรือเสื้อผ้าที่ใส่ไปออกกำลังกาย

ทฤษฎีนี้อธิบายว่า.. เมื่อคนเรามีสินค้าหรือบริการหลายอย่าง เราจะเลือกใช้สินค้าหรือ บริการที่ตอบสนองต่อความต้องการที่เร่งด่วนที่สุดก่อน

ยกตัวอย่างเช่น..

เราอาจจะมีการแบ่งเงินเป็นหลายก้อน แต่ก้อนที่เราจะใช้ก่อน คือก้อนที่เราต้องการใช้ มากที่สุด ณ เวลานั้น เช่น ค่าอาหาร ค่าเดินทางหรือค่าเช่าบ้าน การตัดสินใจของคนเรา จึงขึ้นอยู่กับความต้องการและสถานการณ์ ณ เวลานั้น

ดังนั้น "การประเมินมูลค่าโดยการใช้ประโยชน์ที่มีค่าน้อยที่สุด" จึงเป็นหลักการที่ช่วยให้เราจัดลำดับความสำคัญ และเลือกสิ่งที่ดีที่สุดสำหรับตัวเรา ณ เวลานั้น

ซุป ก็ใช้หลักการนี้ในการตัดสินใจ เช่น การเลือกทำงานกับ Right Shift แม้ว่า จะไม่ได้รับ ผลตอบแทนมากมายนัก แต่เขาได้รับความสุขและประสบการณ์ ซึ่งมีค่ามากกว่าสำหรับเขา

อิ่มเอม...แต่ไม่เท่าเดิม

"กฎของอรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่มที่ลดลง" (Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility) เป็นกฎพื้นฐานทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่อธิบายถึงความรู้สึก "อิ่มเอม" ที่ลดลง เมื่อเราบริโภคสินค้าหรือบริการมากขึ้น

ลองนึกภาพว่าเรากำลังกินพิซซ่า ชิ้นแรกอร่อยมาก ชิ้นที่สองก็ยังอร่อยอยู่ แต่พอชิ้นที่สาม ชิ้นที่สี่ ความอร่อยก็เริ่มลดลง จนกระทั่งเราอิ่ม และไม่อยากกินอีกแล้ว

นั่นเป็นเพราะ "อรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่ม" (Marginal Utility) หรือความพึงพอใจที่ได้รับ จากการบริโภค สินค้าหรือบริการ จากหน่วย (Unit) เพิ่มเติมนั้นลดลง

กฎนี้อธิบายว่า ยิ่งเราบริโภคสินค้าหรือบริการมากขึ้น ความพึงพอใจที่ได้รับจากหน่วย เพิ่มเติมจะลดลง

ยกตัวอย่างเช่น..

เสื้อผ้าตัวใหม่อาจจะทำให้เรารู้สึกดี ตื่นเต้น แต่พอมีเสื้อผ้าเยอะๆ ความตื่นเต้นก็จะ ลดลง

เงินก้อนแรกที่เราหามาได้ อาจจะมีค่ามาก แต่พอมั่งคั่งเงินก้อนต่อๆ ไปก็จะมีค่าน้อยลง

กฎนี้สอนให้เรารู้จักพอเพียง และเห็นคุณค่าของสิ่งที่เรามี

อย่างไรก็ตาม "กฎของอรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่มที่ลดลง" มีข้อยกเว้น เช่น ความรู้ และ การแบ่งปัน ตามที่ได้กล่าวถึงในบทความ

win-win situation

"การแลกเปลี่ยนที่เป็นประโยชน์ร่วมกัน" (Mutually Beneficial Exchange) เป็นหัวใจสำคัญของระบบเศรษฐกิจ และเป็นเหตุผลที่ทำให้คนเรา "ค้าขาย" กัน

เวลาเราไปตลาด เราเอาเงินไปแลกกับอาหาร แม่ค้าได้เงิน เราก็ได้อาหาร ต่างคนต่างได้ประโยชน์ การแลกเปลี่ยนจะเกิดขึ้นก็ต่อเมื่อ ทั้งสองฝ่าย เชื่อว่า พวกเขาจะ "ได้" มากกว่า "เสีย"

นักเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน เชื่อว่า การแลกเปลี่ยนที่เป็นประโยชน์ร่วมกันเกิดขึ้นได้ เพราะคนเรามี "มูลค่าอัตวิสัย" ที่แตกต่างกัน

ยกตัวอย่างเช่น..

ชาวนามีข้าวแต่ไม่มีปลา ชาวประมงมีปลาแต่ไม่มีข้าว ทั้งสองจึงแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้ากัน เพื่อ เพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการของตัวเอง

นายจ้างต้องการคนทำงาน ลูกจ้างต้องการรายได้ ทั้งสองจึงทำสัญญาจ้าง เพื่อแลกเปลี่ยน แรงงานกับเงินเดือน

การแลกเปลี่ยนช่วยให้คนเราได้สินค้าและบริการที่หลากหลาย มากกว่าที่จะผลิตเอง ทั้งหมด นอกจากนี้ การแลกเปลี่ยนยังกระตุ้นให้เกิดการพัฒนาและนวัตกรรม เพราะผู้ผลิตต้องแข่งขันกัน เพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการของผู้บริโภค

"การค้า คือ การสร้างสรรค์ ความมั่งคั่ง ร่วมกัน"

แกะปริศนา "ปฏิทรรศน์น้ำ-เพชร"

มาถึงตรงนี้.. หลายคนอาจจะสงสัยว่าทำไม "น้ำ" ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งที่จำเป็นต่อการดำรงชีวิต ถึงมีราคาถูกหรือบางที่ก็ฟรี ในขณะที่ "เพชร" ซึ่งเป็นแค่เครื่องประดับกลับมีราคาแพงหูฉี่

เหมือนเวลาเราไปร้านอาหาร เราสั่ง "ข้าวผัด" จานใหญ่ราคา 50 บาท แต่ "ไข่ดาว" ฟองเล็กๆ ราคา 10 บาท ทำไมข้าวผัดถึงถูกกว่า ไข่ดาว ทั้งที่ ข้าวผัดมี ข้าว ผัก เนื้อสัตว์ เครื่องปรุง ตั้งหลายอย่าง

คำตอบอยู่ที่ "ความขาดแคลน" (Scarcity) และ "อรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่ม" (Marginal Utility) ซึ่งเป็นแนวคิดสำคัญในเศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียน

น้ำ มีอยู่มากมาย ในขณะที่ เพชร นั้นหายาก น้ำ แก้วแรกอาจจะช่วยชีวิตเราได้ แต่ น้ำ แก้วที่ 10 อาจจะทำให้เราจุก

"อรรถประโยชน์ส่วนเพิ่ม" หมายถึง ความพึงพอใจที่ได้รับจากการบริโภคสินค้าหรือ บริการในหน่วย (Unit) เพิ่มเติม (ในจำนวนมากขึ้น)

เมื่อน้ำมีอยู่มาก เราจึงประเมินมูลค่าของน้ำแก้วที่ 10 ต่ำ เพราะมันไม่ได้ตอบสนองความต้องการที่เร่งด่วน แต่เพชรที่หายาก ทำให้แม้แต่เพชรเม็ดเล็กๆ ก็ยังมีมูลค่าสูง

คุณค่า ไม่ได้ขึ้นอยู่กับความจำเป็นหรือความฟุ่มเฟือย แต่ขึ้นอยู่กับความขาดแคลนและ การประเมินมูลค่าของแต่ละบุคคล

ดังนั้น ปฏิทรรศน์น้ำ-เพชร (Water-Diamond Paradox) จึงไม่ใช่ความขัดแย้ง แต่เป็น การสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงหลักการพื้นฐานของเศรษฐศาสตร์ นั่นคือ มูลค่า เป็นเรื่องส่วนบุคคล และขึ้นอยู่กับบริบท

เรื่องราวของ "ซุป" ก็เช่นกัน.. เขาประเมินมูลค่าของ ความรู้ ความสุข และการสร้างคุณค่า สูงกว่าเงินทองและชื่อเสียง

เขาเลือกที่จะเดินบนเส้นทางที่คนอื่นอาจมองว่า "ขาดแคลน" คือ เส้นทางที่ไม่ได้เต็มไปด้วยเงินทองหรือชื่อเสียง แต่เป็นเส้นทางที่เต็มไปด้วย ความสุข ความหมาย และคุณค่า

"ความสุข ที่แท้จริง หาซื้อไม่ได้ ด้วยเงิน"

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Hey stackers, let’s lay down your unique and unusual offerings. Unveil the unexpected!

Need a hand? Check our guides… What hidden gems do y'all have up for sale? Let's rustle up some dusted serendipitous in the ~AGORA
marketplace.


---

Click any link👇below to start! [⚖️ SELL] - [🛒 BUY] - [🧑‍💻 HIRE] - [🖇 OFFER] - [🧑‍⚖️ AUCTION] - [🤝 SWAP] - [🆓 FREE] - [⭐ REVIEW]

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

#lastword

A few weeks ago, Mike proposed the addition of a feature to nostr. The content of the proposal itself isn't important, but the resulting conversation illustrated something important about nostr development that I wanted to draw attention to.

If you're interested, you can find the issue here. The idea was basically a tag that disabled comments to a reply, for when you wanted to gracefully exit a conversation that had outlived its usefulness.

While I definitely sympathize with the experience of getting stuck in an unproductive argument and being unable to leave because you have to have the last word, I do think it's better to take responsibility for leaving the conversation, rather than make other people do it for you. You can either outlast your opponent, let them have the last word, or tell them "I don't want to talk about this any more, I'm not going to reply".

This is just my opinion, and it's really not important whether I'm right or not. What was interesting was how Vitor responded:

I am not sure if the NIP review process should consider "what's good for the user" in the discussion. That kind of nanny state thinking is what went wrong with regular social media in the first place.

Permaculture and Ethics

What it sounds like (although I have a hard time believing this is actually his position), is that Vitor is dismissing the relevance of an ethical framework in designing a protocol, preferring to stick to the mechanics of what is being suggested. As Vitor says, "Clients can do whatever they want, of course." This is true, but ignores the question of why a client developer might want to do any particular thing.

In a recent Thank God for Nostr episode, I interviewed Scott Mann of the Permaculture Podcast. When I asked him his opinion on how to manage decentralized protocol design and build effective consensus, here's what he had to say:

[You] don't need to frame it as a software development project, or even a protocol. I would look at it as a distributed community-based and community-supported project, whatever that is. Because permaculture is such a large umbrella, I like to go up to that 50,000 foot view and pull away from what the details are. Because the details are what we're going to build our solutions from.

And that's one of the things I didn't mention earlier — there's kind of a hierarchy within permaculture that goes, at the top are the ethics of permaculture: earth care, people care, fair share. Beneath that are the principles, then usually we have strategies and techniques.

But there's a dividing line between ethics and principles and the strategies and techniques, that we start at that top, and use the ethics to decide whether or not we're even going to launch a project.

He goes on to say:

I'm going to use the principles and see how can I apply those principles to my research and original design. To make sure that whatever I'm creating creates some kind of a surplus, to have a refinement process in place before I even launch, like what is that going to look like, even if I have to change it later, just having some of these building blocks in place.

And then once I've done that and have gone deep into my research into what this might look like, how I might launch it, that's where I would start going into strategies and going ok, how do I want to market this? How do I want to get this out to the people who are going to use it, how do I want to maintain this, how do I want to do distributed decision making, and then as I start to think about distributed decision making, looking at what is the form that I want to use for that?

Scott's thesis is that ethics and principles should be in the front of your mind both as you're considering a project, and as you continue to build it out. This not only makes sense as something to do if you want to succeed, it's categorically true. Action can't happen without agency, and it is your agency that informs what you choose to do, and how you plan to go about it.

The word "ethics" comes from the Greek ēthos, meaning "moral character". In other words, your ethic is who you are. Your values, hopes, preferences, faults all factor in to your actions.

This is not always clear, because in fiat-world, many people suspend their values in order to "get something done". If you want to protect your savings, you invest it in index funds, propping up the stock price of companies that hate you. If you want to make money, you go work at a job where you're berated quarterly for being racist. People think that they can exercise their own values in their private life, while actively undermining those values with the majority of their time and purchasing power.

But this is not how people with integrity act. And I think if you can say one thing about nostr — both its developers and the community at large — is that they have a very high level of integrity. In other words, their actions are clearly informed by their ēthos.

This is a very good thing. What is the point of building an entirely new internet if we're not going to impose our values upon it? What an absolute waste of effort.

A Nostr Manifesto

This is not to say that any one developer has the right to imposing his own vision on the protocol because of his own personal values and reasons for contributing, which is what I think Vitor was being cautious about. But there are lines I think we can draw as a community that can't really be crossed without excluding yourself from what I might call the "nostr group ethic".

So what are those boundaries? What is a nostrich? Here are some values I've observed to be generally shared among nostr developers and users. Not everyone would full agree with these (including myself), but I think they're a fair characterization of the community.

1. Free speech absolutism. No central entity should be able to globally censor any content. This comes with the trade-off of objectively evil content continuing to exist. This trade-off is acceptable, both because of the value of free speech, but also because evil will continue to exist regardless of attempts to suppress it.
2. Empower individuals over institutions. No centralized entity can be trusted to safeguard the interests of the individual. Institutional incentives are asymmetric and easily corrupted. Better to have many subjective views of the world, than a single, centrally managed view of the world.
3. Advertising-based business models should be viewed with great skepticism and caution. Advertising is a system of incentives that is central to the institutional corruption we see around us. Broadly, this includes paid ads, monetization of engagement, public/private partnerships, and "crypto".

There are others that are shared by many within nostr, although not as widely agreed upon. Two I can think of are:

• Economic activity should be voluntary. Software and content should be free, and creators should be amply rewarded via zaps or other value-for-value models.
• Social media should support real life community and relationships, not detract from them. We should all take time to touch grass.

I'm personally skeptical of the first of these, and strongly in support of the second. Much of my energy as a nostr developer has gone into attempting to subvert and reform traditional patterns of social media to not only support, but also resemble relationships that exist in the analog world God made, and placed us in.

This particular principle is the one at play in the conversation I linked to at the top of this post. My comments weren't an accusation that anyone was acting "unethically" in a universal sense, only that the proposed feature was incompatible with my vision for what nostr should be.

But of course, my vision is not shared by everyone, and the principle of "support real life" is clearly subservient to core ethic #2, which admits the value of a diverse set of opinions about the world. I have no right (or ability) to invalidate anyone else's core principles. But by the same token I'm free to express my own, and attempt to convince other people to share them. This is the basic value proposition of freedom of speech itself.

Ethical Cohesion

I would go further, and say that not only is it permissible to talk about ethical reasons for building one thing or another on nostr, it's essential. By having these conversations we fuse our individual ethics into a shared ethic. By calibrating our moral compasses to point in (roughly) the same direction, we also decrease the friction involved in getting something done.

I think this was a significant part of the idea behind Sovereign Engineering — get a bunch of people in a room together sharing meals and going on hikes, and the work will accelerate! This is also the way a church works. By meeting weekly together we strengthen our shared identity and build one another up through our activity. In fact, this is the basic definition of a community as Scott Mann puts it. In his words, a community can provide:

a series of connections, and a knowledge base, and a skillset that we can't fulfill as an individual, while having a social relationship with people in such a way that we can call on them for help.

So maybe, as I've said before, the real protocol is the friends we made along the way. Disagreement and discussion is a healthy thing for a community to have, and we should never stop asking "why?"

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

Lot of people are starting to talk about building a web-of-trust and how nostr can or is already being used as such

We all know about using the kind:3 following lists as a simple WoT that can be used to filter out spam. but as we all know it does not really signal "trust", its mostly just "I find your content interesting"

But what about real "trust"... well its kind of multi-denominational, I could trust that your a good developer or a good journalist but still not trust you enough to invite you over to my house. There are some interesting and clever solutions proposed for quantifying "trust" in a digital sense but I'm not going to get into that here. I want to talk about something that I have not see anyone discuss yet.

How is the web-of-trust maintained? or more precisely how do you expect users to update the digital representation of the "trust" of other users?

Its all well and good to think of how a user would create that "trust" of another user when discovering them for the first time. They would click the "follow" button, or maybe even rate them on a few topics with a 1/5 star system But how will a user remove that trust? how will they update it if things change and they trust them less?

If our goal is to model "trust" in a digital sense then we NEED a way for the data to stay up-to-date and as accurate as possible. otherwise whats the use? If we don't have a friction-less way to update or remove the digital representation of "trust" then we will end up with a WoT that continuously grows and everyone is rated 10/10

In the case of nostr kind:3 following lists. its pretty easy to see how these would get updated. If someone posts something I dislike or I notice I'm getting board of their content. then I just unfollow them. An important part here is that I'm not thinking "I should update my trust score of this user" but instead "I'm no longer interested, I don't want to see this anymore"

But that is probably the easiest "trust" to update. because most of us on social media spend some time curating our feed and we are used to doing it. But what about the more obscure "trust" scores? whats the regular mechanism by which a user would update the "honestly" score of another user?

In the real world its easy, when I stop trusting someone I simply stop associating with them. there isn't any button or switch I need to update. I simply don't talk to them anymore, its friction-less But in the digital realm I would have to remove or update that trust. in other words its an action I need to take instead of an action I'm not doing. and actions take energy.

So how do we reflect something in the digital world that takes no-energy and is almost subconscious in the real world?

TLDR; webs-of-trust are not just about scoring other users once. you must keep the score up-to-date

@ 6faf0104:49cd7d08

Hi,

I would like to request an API key for the Stacker News GraphQL API for the following reasons:

I run a Jekyll blog hosted on GitHub Pages at dollarparity.com, and I would like to automate posting to the Bitcoin territory on Stacker News whenever I publish a new blog post. I estimate that I will call the GraphQL API no more than once a week. I will create an option to not automatically post if I share things more often My blog focuses on Bitcoin-related content, and this integration will help me share my posts with the Stacker News community more efficiently.

Expected GraphQL Mutation:

• createPost

Estimated API Usage:

• createPost x1 per week

Thank you for considering my request. Please let me know if you need any additional information.

---

Best regards,

Dollar Parity
https://stacker.news/dollarparity

---

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

It's been a journey from the Publishing Forest of Nostr to the open sea of web3. I've come across a beautiful chain of islands and thought. Why not take a break and explore this place? If I'm searching for devs and FOSS, I should search every nook and cranny inside the realm of Nostr. It is quite vast for little old me. I'm just a little hamster and I don't speak in code or binary numbers zeros and ones.

After being in sea for awhile, my heart raced for excitement for what I could find. It seems I wasn't alone, there were others here like me! Let's help spread the message to others about this uncharted realm. See, look at the other sailboats, aren't they pretty? Thanks to some generous donation of SATs, I was able to afford the docking fee.

Ever feel like everyone was going to a party, and you were supposed to dress up, but you missed the memo? Or a comic-con? well, I felt completely underdressed and that's an understatement. Well, turns out there is a some knights around here. Take a peek!

A black cat with a knight passed by very quickly. He was moving too fast for me to track. Where was he going? Then I spotted a group of knights heading in the same direction, so I tagged along. The vibes from these guys was impossible to resist. They were just happy-go-lucky. 🥰They were heading to a tavern on a cliff off the island.

Ehh? a Tavern? Slightly confused, whatever could these knights be doing here? I guess when they're done with their rounds they would here to blow off steam. Things are looking curiouser and curiouser. But the black cat from earlier was here with its rider, whom was dismounting. So you can only guess, where I'm going.

The atmosphere in this pub, was lively and energetic. So many knights spoke among themselves. A group here, another there, but there was one that caught my eye. I went up to a group at a table, whose height towed well above me even when seated. Taking a deep breath, I asked, "Who manages this place?" They unanimous pointed to one waiting for ale at the bar. What was he doing? Watching others talk? How peculiar.

So I went up to him! And introduced myself.

"Hello I'm Onigirl"

"Hello Onigirl, Welcome to Gossip"

"Gossip, what is Gossip?" scratching my head and whiskers.

What is Gossip? Gossip is FOSS and a great client for privacy-centric minded nostriches. It avoids browser tech which by-passes several scripting languages such as JavaScript☕, HTML parsing, rendering, and CSS(Except HTTP GET and Websockets). Using OpenGL-style rendering. For Nostriches that wish to remain anonymous can use Gossip over TOR. Mike recommends using QubesOS, Whonix and or Tails. [FYI-Gossip does not natively support tor SOCKS5 proxy] Most helpful to spill the beans if you're a journalist.

On top of using your nsec or your encryption key, Gossip adds another layer of security over your account with a password login. There's nothing wrong with using the browser extensions (such as nos2x or Flamingo) which makes it super easy to log in to Nostr enable websites, apps, but it does expose you to browser vulnerabilities.

Mike Points out

"people have already had their private key stolen from other nostr clients,"

so it a concern if you value your account. I most certainly care for mine.

Gossip UI has a simple, and clean interface revolving around NIP-65 also called the “Outbox model." As posted from GitHub,

"This NIP allows Clients to connect directly with the most up-to-date relay set from each individual user, eliminating the need of broadcasting events to popular relays."

This eliminates clients that track only a specific set of relays which can congest those relays when you publish your note. Also this can be censored, by using Gossip you can publish notes to alternative relays that have not censored you to reach the same followers.

👉The easiest way to translate that is reducing redundancy to publish to popular relays or centralized relays for content reach to your followers.

Cool! What an awesome client, I mean Tavern! What else does this knight do? He reaches for something in his pocket. what is it? A Pocket is a database for storing and retrieving nostr events but mike's written it in Rust with a few extra kinks inspired by Will's nostrdb. Still in development, but it'll be another tool for you dear user! 💖💕💚

Onigirl is proud to present this knights to the community and honor them with kisu. 💋💋💋 Show some 💖💘💓🧡💙💚

👉💋💋Will - jb55 Lord of apples 💋 @npub1xtscya34g58tk0z605fvr788k263gsu6cy9x0mhnm87echrgufzsevkk5s

👉💋💋 Mike Knight - Lord of Security 💋 @npub1acg6thl5psv62405rljzkj8spesceyfz2c32udakc2ak0dmvfeyse9p35c

Knights spend a lot of time behind the screen coding for the better of humanity. It is a tough job! Let's appreciate these knights, relay operators, that support this amazing realm of Nostr! FOSS for all!

This article was prompted for the need for privacy and security of your data. They're different, not to be confused.

Recently, Edward Snowden warns Bitcoin devs about the need for privacy, Quote:

“I've been warning Bitcoin developers for ten years that privacy needs to be provided for at the protocol level. This is the final warning. The clock is ticking.”

Snowden’s comments come after heavy actions of enforcement from Samarai Wallet, Roger Ver, Binance’s CZ, and now the closure of Wasabi Wallet. Additionally, according to CryptoBriefing, Trezor is ending it’s CoinJoin integration as well. Many are concerned over the new definition of a money transmitter, which includes even those who don’t touch the funds.

Help your favorite the hamster

^^Me drowning in notes on your feed. I can only eat so many notes to find you.

👉If there are any XMPP fans on here. I'm open to the idea of opening a public channel, so you could follow me on that as a forum-like style. My server of choice would likely be a German server.😀You would be receiving my articles as njump.me style or website-like. GrapeneOS users, you can download Cheogram app from the F-Driod store for free to access. Apple and Andriod users are subjected to pay to download this app, an alternative is ntalk or conversations. If it interests the community, just FYI. Please comment or DM.

👉If you enjoyed this content, please consider reposting/sharing as my content is easily drowned by notes on your feed. You could also join my community under Children_Zone where I post my content.

An alternative is by following #onigirl Just FYI this feature is currently a little buggy.

Follow as I search for tools and awesome devs to help you dear user live a decentralized life as I explore the realm of Nostr.

Thank you Fren

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

I think there's been an inflection point recently in NIPs that are being proposed. Some examples:

• Products with pubkeys: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1225
• Shared-ownership events: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1192 and https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1015
• Spreadsheets: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1189
• Relational databases: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1168
• Relay-specific notes: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1146
• Editable notes: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1090
• Restricted events: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1083
• Relay-based access control: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1030
• Protected events: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1029
• Closed groups: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/875

Some of these I like, some I don't. But most of them go beyond adding new features to nostr (for example audio, video, speedruns, resumes, etc), and begin to change how nostr actually works.

Nostr can be an everything app, but I think that means something very specific. Nostr can represent data types from pretty much any domain, but it can't actually support all the semantics needed to build any arbitrary system.

I would suggest conservatism in what we build on nostr, but of course anyone can build whatever they want. But I do think it's possible to identify things that nostr is good at, and things it's bad at, and play to nostr's strengths.

Nostr's strengths:

• Being able to model any data type orthogonally to the rest
• Single-owner, self-authenticating, atomic data types
• Potential for robust content dispersal and retrieval if we can flesh out NIP 65 etc.

Nostr's weaknesses:

• Mutable state, non-atomic state
• Shared ownership, key delegation/rotation
• Privacy — metadata will always leak, lack of consistency makes key rotation harder
• Consistency — not everyone has the same view of the world
• Transactionality — nostr isn't good for updating multiple pieces of data in lockstep

It happens that the original use case of nostr — public broadcast social media — benefits greatly from nostr's strengths, and isn't bothered by any of nostr's weaknesses. Blob storage like what blossom is building also works well in this paradigm. A lot of the use cases @PABLOF7z​ has identified work beautifully well because of the single-owner public-read nature of nostr, which makes forks easy to model.

But things like access control, relational data, collaborative document creation, heavier datasets, or anything that requires a solution to the double-spend problem become very awkward (or impossible) to model on pure nostr. A simple example of this is lists. Not only is it common for a single user to mess up his follow lists because of a lack of consistency between clients or devices, but commonly requested features like shared ownership lists immediately result in a huge increase of complexity, either on the key management side or on the data structure side. Both of these problems are difficult to solve on nostr due to lack of consistency — keys can't always be reliably or safely shared, and linked data structures spanning multiple events by different authors can be hard to assemble reliably.

I think the danger here is that if we as a developer community fail to realize the limitations of nostr and try to adapt the protocol to fit every possible use case, on an ad-hoc basis, we're going to end up with a tragedy of the commons, where no developer can comprehend what must be done to get his work done, and all kinds of weird artifacts appear for end users that no one can explain.

Here are some suggestions I have for preventing this from happening. I realize no one is going to follow them. But maybe they can be helpful for avoidance of wasted time.

• Don't overload event kinds. Many people (including myself) have tried to extend kind 0 with attributes for forms, products, and groups, but that leads to madness. Instead, create a new metadata event signifying a different kind of agent.
• Don't model things as replaceable events if you can avoid it. This creates the problem of shared mutable state, which nostr doesn't have a good story for resolving. They also have a hard limit on how big they can be.
• Use different keys for different things. For domains where some kind of access control needs to be implemented, not tying everything to your main pubkey makes it possible to create and burn keys as needed. Incidentally, this can help users maintain better privacy. An example of this is private groups, which have a dedicated key separate from the group creator's own key.
• Event ownership should always be (is) single-key. If you need shared ownership, figure out a way to share keys. More work needs to go into key invalidation and rotation for this to really work.
• Explore the fork model — this is "my" version of the same thing, and coexists with rather than supersedes the original. This has potential not just for groups or wiki entries.
• Distinguish between different ways to use relays. Relays may be used as indexers (holding specific event types or supporting different features like search/count), repositories (holding many diverse events, to be used with filters), or curated feeds (to be used without filters, or with only a few filters).

These are just suggestions, and many of them may be wrong. Nostr development is hard, and getting harder. Keep it simple.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

Sam Bankman-Fried doesn't look much like Bernie Madoff at first glance. Two men, one a grey-haired financial tycoon with a 40-year Wall Street career and the other a 30-year-old millennial king of crypto in shorts and a T-shirt, meet for a business meeting.

The FTX crypto crisis, meanwhile, is being linked to Madoff's criminal operation, almost 14 years to the day after Madoff was arrested and charged with fraud in New York for organising a long-running pyramid scheme.

The similarities between Bankman-Fried, or SBF, as he is known, and the Wall Street investment manager are "remarkable," according to Diana Henriques, a financial historian and the author of The Wizard of Lies, a book delving into Madoff's $64 billion (£53 billion) fraud.

What we know about Madoff and Bankman-Fried is remarkably comparable, she said. "They couldn't be more dissimilar in personality, yet they share a calculated, eye-crossing intricacy that would make the normal investor roll his or her eyes and remark, "Well, I trust Bernie."

Sam Bankman Fried Tactics The way in which FTX's clientele saw the company was similarly dynamic. Just like with Bernie, they had to take a leap of faith because there wasn't much proof to back up their trust. You believe in the protagonist, so you go over what are, in retrospect, obvious checks. This is eerily similar to real life.

If a con artist is good at what they do, they will be able to make their victims trust them unconditionally, no matter how many warning signs or unsettling facts are presented. "FTX can't be seen as anything other than a huge gamble made by a lot of people who should have known better," Henriques added.

Madoff, who was serving a sentence of 150 years in prison, passed away there last year. New York federal prosecutors released an unsealed lawsuit this week that accuses SBF of eight separate charges of fraud. The maximum sentence he might receive is 115 years in prison. It is possible that Bankman-Fried will be found not guilty of all accusations because he has not yet been formally charged or entered a plea.

Both Madoff and SBF had their schemes exposed and their consumers' trust in them eroded when the economy collapsed, in 2008 for Madoff and in 2018 for the crypto market, COVID-19, and rising inflation.

Henriques said of Madoff, "In the twinkling of an eye, the lovely prince became an ugly toad," a phrase that might just as readily be attributed to Bankman-Fried today.

The two men's backgrounds couldn't have been more different: Madoff was a seasoned Wall Street veteran who had been subject to frequent regulatory inspections, while SBF was a young, inexperienced math genius who gained quick trust in a novel financial sector. But they both made considerable efforts to establish themselves as trustworthy figures.

These two individuals were both financial pioneers who oversaw mind-bogglingly intricate enterprises. This week, however, US authorities said that the same basic concept of "robbing Peter to pay Paul" was at the centre of FTX's collapse as it was in the Madoff case. Henriques explains that this is "a simple, typical fraud complaint about fraudulent misrepresentation," which relies on anti-fraud provisions that have been proven in the courts for over a century.

Like Madoff's schemes, FTX's operations were veiled in an air of phoney intricacy. Henriques explains that the way Madoff would explain his investment approach to clients would make a normal investor's eyes glaze over. Therefore, investors were left with no choice but to say, "Well, I believe Bernie," as she put it.

She went on to say that "it was eye-crossingly convoluted" and that "investors didn't have a lot of strong proof to justify their trust."

However, Madoff was just using the money he stole from his clients to cover the withdrawals of other clients while keeping a portion for his own family. Ponzi schemes like this one are successful up until the point where new funds are no longer being added.

Following the global financial crisis of 2008, Madoff's customers requested approximately $7 billion (£6 billion) in withdrawals.Over the course of 20 years, it was revealed that he had been operating a Ponzi scheme.

The FTX scandal is still being investigated, but US investigators believe that the same mechanism enabled the fraud perpetrated by Bankman-Fried.

His cryptocurrency exchange took great satisfaction in being an upstanding member of a community overrun by shady operators. To this day, SBF maintains that the only reason he made money was to help others, even though he spent millions on lobbying and political donations in pursuit of stricter regulations for cryptocurrency trading.

But the SEC claims that "Bankman-Fried was organising a vast, years-long fraud," using the trading platform's customers' billions of dollars to enrich himself and expand his crypto empire.

According to the authorities, the wrongdoing dates back to the very beginning. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has filed a similar action, claiming that the system by which Bankman-Fried diverted money from FTX customers to his trading firm, Alameda Research, was in place from the beginning of the company in 2019.

This was a case of "old-fashioned embezzlement," according to John Ray III, a veteran bankruptcy specialist who took over FTX after its collapse and testified before Congress this week. To determine how much money is missing, who is due what, and how much Ray can recover, he and his colleagues are going through the company's books. However, he has claimed that he has been hampered by FTX's "unprecedented and utter collapse of corporate governance" and sloppy record-keeping.

Henriques believes that it is a bold stance to assert that FTX was, at its core, a straightforward Ponzi scam. While the regulatory questions are avoided, the criminal case puts an emphasis on dishonesty and deception. "All the complications can be avoided with a straightforward fraud charge," she explained. "It's a beautifully straightforward strategy for prosecution."

After serving as Nasdaq's chairman, Madoff advocated for the development of online trading. The nonprofit headed by Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel lost all its money when he was a customer. Other famous people who used his services included film producer Steven Spielberg and actor Kevin Bacon.

Even if we haven't seen everyone who lost money on FTX, we know that there are a lot of famous names. According to records seen by the Guardian, American football player Tom Brady and his ex-wife, model Gisele Bündchen, were identified as stockholders and featured in commercials for the business.

Sam Bankman Fried Tactics Larry David, Naomi Osaka, Shaquille O'Neal, and Kevin O'Leary, stars of the Canadian business reality show Shark Tank, all made appearances to promote the exchange for a combined $15 million (£12 million).

According to Eric Schiffer, a crypto investor at private equity firm Patriarch Organization, Bankman-Fried "built authority in political circles with the celeberati and showed a value system of utilitarian idealism that [was] not oriented toward money, all of which caused investors to let down their due diligence guard."

As the financial regulators investigate Bankman-Fried, they may find more similarities to the Madoff allegations as they try to trace the flow of money through FTX and into Alameda and other investments, as well as the lavish spending on Bahmani property and the roles of others at the company in its downfall.

Prosecutors have made it clear that SBF is not the only person they plan to indict in connection with the collapse of the cryptocurrency exchange. On Tuesday, prosecutors said that they wanted to "come speak to you before we come to you" if they were involved in the suspected fraud. Joseph Bankman and Barbara Fried, both professors at Stanford University, are the parents of Bankman-Fried, and Ray announced in Washington that he is "investigating" their involvement.

Henriques warns that the similarities may disappear if more details emerge regarding the demise of FTX and authorities get insight into the flow of funds and the nature of the alleged crime.

I'm not even sure whether John Ray knows yet, but at this point we have no idea if this was actually a high-tech Ponzi scam. To grasp the extent to which this is similar to Bernie Madoff, one must learn what was done with the funds.

Even though SBF has tweeted his defence, given innumerable interviews, and admitted he "fucked up," he still seems to be implying, in a somewhat muddled way, that it was all a major mistake. Henriques remarked that "the insouciance, or casualness, of his comments has been startling."

Prosecutors will spend the next few months crafting a case that suggests SBF is essentially a modern-day Madoff, despite their obvious contrasts in aesthetics. When US Attorney for the Southern District of New York Damian Williams detailed the criminal allegations against SBF on Tuesday, he was asked if SBF CEO Stephen Bankman-Fried fit the profile of a fraudster. Williams responded, "You can conduct fraud in shorts and T-shirts in the sun."

Even now, SBF is fending off comparisons to Madoff. In an interview with Bankman-Fried before his arrest, ABC's George Stephanopoulos observed, "A lot of people look at you and see Bernie Madoff."

"Yeah, I mean, I don't think that's who I am at all, but I see why they're saying it." Bankman-Fried responded. The general public suffered financial losses, some of which were substantial. Look, at the end of the day, there's a question of what led to the explosion and why. That comes out pretty differently to me.

Please do us a small favor. Daily, millions of people around the world come to the Guardian for its open, independent, and high-quality reporting.

We think that everyone has a right to knowledge that is based on authority and integrity, as well as to information that is supported by scientific rigour and verified facts. That's why we went a different route and decided to make all of our reporting freely available to everyone interested in reading it, regardless of their location or financial means. More individuals will be able to access more accurate information, create stronger bonds, and be moved to take effective action.

Conclusion

A worldwide news outlet like the Guardian that is committed to reporting the truth is crucial in today's unstable world. Our journalism is distinct because it is not influenced by corporate interests or political agendas, as we have no shareholders and no billionaire owner. This independence has never been more crucial, as it allows us to investigate, challenge, and expose people in authority without fear of reprisal.

FAQs

How did Bernie Madoff plan to pull it off? Criminal activity, contrivance, and scandal Split-strike conversion is a genuine trading strategy, and Madoff enticed investors by suggesting he could use it to create high, consistent returns.

Sam Bankman-Fried majored in which academic discipline at university? Have We Seen Sam Bankman-Fried Rely on Bernie Madoff Techniques?

Bankman-Fried studied at MIT for six years, from 2010 to 2014. There, he was a resident of Epsilon Theta, a sorority that welcomed both males and females. He received his bachelor's degree in physics with a mathematics concentration in 2014.

Can we say that Bernie Madoff was a genius? Check out the photo gallery for the answer to the question, "Did Sam Bankman-Fried employ Bernie Madoff techniques?"

Time revealed, however, that Madoff was not a great investor but a genius concealer; he was able to keep a wide network of clients and staff trusting him while covering up the largest Ponzi scam in American history.

When will someone figure out how Bernie Madoff evaded detection? Despite several reports to the SEC regarding suspicions of a Ponzi scheme, Madoff remained under the radar for a long time because he was well-versed in and engaged with the financial industry. In 1960, he founded his own market-making firm and played a key role in establishing the Nasdaq stock exchange.

That's all for today

If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com

X: @croxroadnews

Instagram: @croxroadnews.co

Youtube: @croxroadnews

Store: https://croxroad.store

Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter

https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe

DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

อาหารธรรมชาติ คือ สิ่งที่ทุกคนโหยหา แต่ในความเป็นจริงแล้ว ธรรมชาติของเราอาจไม่เท่ากัน ธรรมชาติสำหรับหลายๆคนคือ not chemฯ (ไม่เคมี) ธรรมชาติสำหรับอีกหลายๆคนคือ ธรรมชาติ อ่ะ ธรรมชาตตตตตตตตติ

ถ้าให้นึกภาพนะครับ เราจะคุ้นหูกับเพลงโฆษณาว่า “อายิโนโมะโต๊ะ ผลิตจากวัตถุดิบธรรมชาติ ตึ๊ง” เริ่มนึกออกใช่ไหมครับ คำที่ใช้ในงานโฆษณา

โฆษณาชวนเชื่อ ภาษาไทยมันก็ตรงๆแล้วครับ คำว่าว่า โฆษณา เป็นคำที่มาจากภาษาบาลีว่า โฆสณา (อ่านว่า โค-สะ-นา) แปลว่า ป่าวร้อง แจ้งให้ทราบ ดังนั้น โฆษณาชวนเชื่อ ก็คือ การป่าวร้อง ป่าวประกาศ ชวนให้เราเชื่อ นั่นเอง

ดังนั้นการรับสารจากโฆษณาชวนเชื่อ ยิ่งต้องใช้หลักกาลามสูตร ในการไตร่ตรอง เพราะฝั่งที่สื่อสารออกมา มีเป้าหมายที่จะให้เราเชื่อให้ได้ เพื่อที่จะไปซื้อสินค้าหรือบริการ มันเป็นเกมส์แห่งการรู้ทันกันครับ เราจึงได้เห็นสารพัดกลยุทธ์ในการชวนเชื่อ ไมว่าจะ แก้ painpoint, การทำเหมือนพวกเดียวกันเข้าอกเข้าใจกัน, การสื่อในด้านที่สวยงาม หรือแม้แต่ การขู่ให้กลัว ก็ยังมี เราจะเลือกเป็นสมันให้เขาเคี้ยวหรือจะเป็นเสือที่อยู่คนละฝูงแต่เขี้ยวเล็บพอๆกัน เลือกเองครับ

ส่วนธรรมชาติ ที่ผมหมายถึงนั่นคือ natural ครับ ดื้อๆดุ้นๆเลย จากผล จากต้น จากตัว ตัดมาทำอะไรก็ว่ากันไป เราเรียกแบบโง่ๆง่ายๆว่า less processed หรือ ผ่านกระบวนการให้น้อยที่สุดเท่าที่จะทำได้ เช่น เด็ดมากิน เฉือนมาย่าง ตากให้แห้งเอาเกล็ด(เช่นเกลือทะเล) เราอาจงงกับคำว่า อาหารผ่านกระบวนการหรือ processed food ซึ่งจริงๆในรายละเอียดมันมีแยกย่อยครับ ตั้งแต่ cooking ไปจนถึง ultra processed food มันมีลำดับขั้นของมันตามความหนักหน่วงในกระบวนการ จุดนี้คนที่เคยเถียงกันว่า การปรุงอาหารก็คือการผ่านกระบวนการไม่ใช่เหรอ แล้วเราควรกินอาหารปรุงเหรอ ทำไมไม่กินเนื้อดิบไปเลย ถึงจุดนี้พอจะได้คำตอบนะครับ ว่าเราไม่ได้เถรตรงขนาดคอมพิวเตอร์ 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 อะไรแบบนั้น เราอยู่บนพื้นฐานชีวะ จึงใช้คำว่า less processed ที่สุดเท่าที่จะทำได้ เพราะต้องอย่าลืมว่า ในอีกมุมหนึ่งความสุกของหลายๆอย่าง มันช่วยให้เราดูดซึมแร่ธาตุได้ดีกว่า แต่ขณะเดียวกันความร้อนก็ทำลายวิตามินไปมากเช่นกัน balance the force LUKE

ดังนั้นที่เราต้องพึงระวัง และ สังวรณ์เอาไว้คือ พวกที่ processed หนักๆ เช่น นมพืชต่างๆ เช่นโอ้ต เขาไม่ได้แค่แช่น้ำปั่นแบบบ้านๆ แต่มีกระบวนการทางเอนไซม์(เอนไซม์เคมี) ในการย่อย ปรุง และเติมวิตามินผง ซึ่งวิตามินผง ก็ inception เข้าไปอีกชั้น เพราะการได้แร่ธาตุวิตามินผงๆ มันก็ต้อง ultra processed หรือบางทีก็ต้องใช้เคมีผลิตขึ้นมา ทำให้เรา บริโภคสิ่งนั้นๆมากขึ้นไป เอาตามตรงเรากินโอ๊ตแห้งๆได้ไม่เท่าไร แต่พอมันทำเป็นนมแก้วนึง มันมาจากโอ้ตแห่งปริมาณมากกว่าที่เรากินแห้งๆเยอะมาก และการ more consume นี่แหละตัวหายนะในการกินอาหารเกินใช้งาน จนสะสมและเกิดโรค NCD ในที่สุด (หนึ่งในหลายปัจจัย)

เอาแบบชัดกว่านั้น ชาวคีโต ก็คือ แป้งอัลมอนด์ อันนี้ processed กลางไปค่อนหนัก คือการ meal หรือ ground หมายถึงการบดให้ละเอียดเป็นผงเล็กๆ ดังนั้นเค้กคีโต เค้กที่ทำจากผงอัลมอนด์ มันสามารถทำให้เรากินอัลมอนด์ได้มากกว่าปกติเยอะเลย อย่างถ้าเป็นเม็ดๆเราอาจเคี้ยวสัก 10 20 เม็ดก็เมื่อยปาก เพราะธรรมชาติมันปกป้องตัวเองมาแบบนั้น แต่พอเราไป processed มันหนักๆเข้า พอมันกลายเป็นเค้ก เป็นขนม จะยิ่งกินอร่อย กินมาก แล้วโพรไฟล์ของอัลมอนด์คือ คาร์บ9ต่อ100กรัม ก็จะทำให้เราคาร์บเกินไปได้ง่ายๆ รวมถึงอัลมอนด์มีโอเมก้า 6 สูงพอสมควร ก็ก่อการอักเสบได้ง่ายๆ
หรืออย่างสายคลีน สายปั่น จะพบกว่า การปั่นพืชนั้น ไฟเบอร์สายยาวได้กระจุยไปพร้อมกับใบมีดเรียบร้อยแล้ว เราก็จะเหลือได้แค่ แร่ธาตุ วิตามิน จากพืช จากผลไม้ (ที่การดูดซึมเข้าร่างจริงๆเท่าไหร่นี่ อีกเรื่องแล้วไม่พูดในโพสนี้) ที่เรารู้กันแน่ๆคือ ถ้าหวังไฟเบอร์จากการกินผักผลไม้ปั่น มันคือไม่ได้ตามนั้นแน่ๆแล้ว

กลับมาเข้าเรื่องของเราครับ เทคนิคง่ายๆในการ “เอ๊ะ” ก่อนเลยคือคีย์เวิร์ด (keyword) ที่มักมีการใช้กัน มักจะไม่พ้นคำว่า ผลิตจากธรรมชาติ สกัดจากธรรมชาติ มีส่วนผสมของ ได้ xxx จาก ในหมวดนี้จะค่อนข้างชัดเจนครับ จากนิยามของธรรมชาติที่เราตั้งไว้ ผลิตจาก สกัดจาก มีส่วนของ ได้จาก มันหลุดโผของเราไปเรียบร้อย คำว่า “จาก” ในทีนี้ถ้าเราจะเห็นภาพขึ้นให้เปลี่ยนเป็นคำว่า “ออกจาก” เราจะมองชัดขึ้นเลยว่า ทำไมผมถึงบอกว่ามันไม่ธรรมชาติ

ผลิตออกจากธรรมชาติ, สกัดออกจากธรรมชาติ, ได้ xx ออกมาจากธรรมชาติ ถ้าศัพท์อาชัยคือ เต็มฟอร์ม ก็ต้องบอกว่า ธรรมชาติที่เต็มฟอร์ม คือธรรมชาติ ไปแยกออกมาบางส่วนมันก็ไม่ธรรมชาติ แล้วสิ่งที่ธรรมชาติสร้างมาปกป้องเรามันก็สลายออกไป กระบวนการข้างบนนี้เลยไม่ได้เป็นธรรมชาติแท้ๆสักทีเดียว

ยกตัวอย่าง วุ้นเส้น ที่เราเพิ่งคุยกันไป วุ้นเส้นใช้คำว่า วุ้นเส้นถั่วเขียว ดูดีๆนะครับ วุ้นเส้น ถั่วเขียว คือ วุ้นที่เป็นเส้นๆ ส่วนคำว่าถั่วเขียว หมายถึงต้นตอ เขาไม่ได้บอกเราว่า ผลิตจากถั่วเขียว แต่บอกว่าใช้ถั่วเขียว เรากันเองที่บอกต่อๆกันว่า วุ้นเส้นทำจากถั่วเขียว ให้นึกถึง คำว่าน้ำมันถั่วเหลือง จะเข้าใจได้ชัดขึ้น ดังนั้นการที่วุ้นเส้น ทำมาจาก starch ล้วนๆ โดยการนำถั่วเขียวมาทำ starch หรือการสกัดคาร์โบไฮเดรตออกมาจากถั่วเขียว มันจะช่วยให้เราเห็นภาพชึ้นว่า ทำไมวุ้นเส้นไม่ใช่อาหารธรรมชาติ แต่เป็นการซัดคาร์บเพียวๆ เผลอๆหนักกว่าขนมปังสไลด์ โพรไฟล์ของโปรตีน แร่ธาตุ วิตามิน จึงหดหายไปจนเกือบจะไม่มีเหลือเลย ได้เป็นคาร์บล้วนๆ

หรือชัดๆในยุคนี้ก็ต้อง น้ำตาลหล่อฮั้งก้วย อันนี้ชัดมากทับซ้อนกันเป็นหอไอเฟล เริ่มจาก หล่อฮั้งก้วย เขาจะบอกว่า “สกัดจากผลหล่อฮั้งก้วย ได้สุขภาพ เป็นยาอายุวัฒนะ” อืมมมมมม หล่อฮั้งก้วยมีคุณสมบัติเป็นสมุนไพรเย็นชนิดนึง กินด้วยการต้มผล แต่ “การสกัดความหวานออกจากธรรมชาติหล่อฮั้งก้วย” คือ การดึงเอาแค่โมโกรไซด์ ซึ่งเป็นสารก่อเกิดความหวานยิ่งยวด ตระกูลเดียวกับที่มีในหญ้าหวาน เอามาแค่ความหวานของหล่อฮั้งก้วย แล้วจะเอาอะไรไปยาอายุวัฒนะ นี่คือการสกัดออกจากธรรมชาติ

อีกทั้งในห่อนั้นๆ มันมีสารโมโกรไซด์อยู่แค่นิดเดียว ที่เหลือเป็น อิริททริทอล รวมๆ 95-97% แล้วแต่ยี่ห้อ ไม่ต้องมาแข่งกันน้อย เพราะสูตรใช้เทียบเคียงน้ำตาล 1:1 มันประมาณนี้ ใครบอกว่าตัวเองมีอิริทแค่ 50% การันตีได้ว่าที่เหลือไม่ใช่ โมโกรไซด์ 50% เพราะมันใช้เทียบเคียงน้ำตาลแท้ 1:1 ไม่ได้ครับ หวานเหี้ยๆ นึกภาพออกใช่ไหมครับ ว่าทำไมเราย้อนสูตรหาโมโกรไซด์ได้ง่ายๆเลย เพราะมันมีอัตราส่วนการใช้งานที่ต้องสะดวกเป็นตัวค้ำคอ ที่บอกว่าน้ำตาลหล่อฮั้งก้วย มีความทับซ้อนคือ ฉลาก ใช้เทคนิคเทียบเคียงเพื่ออ้างอิงคุณสมบัติคุณประโยชน์ หมายถึง ที่ห่อจะชูประโยชน์ของหล่อฮั้งก้วย ว่าเป็นยา ลดความอ้วน ลดความดัน ลดเบาหวาน ดีต่อสุขภาพ เป็นสมุนไพรจีนหลายร้อยปี บลา บลา บลา เหมือนเล่านิทานว่าหล่อฮั้งก้วยดียังไง แต่ที่ใส่ในห่อมันไม่ใช่ตัวยาที่มีคุณสมบัตินั้นๆที่กล่าวมา มีแค่ความหวาน ที่โอเค ไม่กระชากอินซุลินให้สูงนานๆ เพราะมันไม่ใช่ กลูโคส ซูโครส นั่นเอง

นอกจากนั้น ตัวอิริททริทอลเอง ก็ไม่ใช่เล่นๆครับ ตามในเนทหรือตามคำอธิบาย เขาจะบอกว่า อิริททริทอลเป็นน้ำตาลแอลกอฮอล์เกิดจากธรรมชาติการหมักผลไม้ต่างๆ แต่ผงๆในโรงงานที่ใส่ในห่อในกระสอบนั้น ผลิตจากคาร์โบไฮเดรตที่สกัดออกมาจากข้าวโพด (corn starch) แล้วผ่านกระบวนการทางเคมิคอลเอนไซม์เพื่อให้เกิดน้ำตาลแอลกอฮอล์ เพื่อให้ได้โมเลกุลเดียวกับ อิริททริทอล ซึ่งบางคนอาจบอกว่ามันก็โมเลกุลเดียวกัน อันนี้ผมก็คงได้แต่บอกว่า เอาที่สบายใจครับ ผมไม่ได้ห้ามกิน ผมแค่บอกวิธีการผลิต เพราะมันไม่ใช่ natural มันเรียกว่า synthetic

น้ำตาลหล่อฮั้งก้วย จึงไม่ใช่ natural ตามที่เราเข้าใจ มันเป็น “synthetic อิริททริทอล + โมโกรไซด์” ในสัดส่วนอิริททริทอลมากกว่า 95% ทำให้คุณสมบัติทางยา ทางธรรมชาติ ที่หีบห่อนั้นไม่ได้หมายถึงตัวสินค้า แต่หมายถึงที่มาของสินค้า ในส่วนของการไม่กระชากอินซุลินให้สูงค้างนาน อันนั้นถูกต้อง เพราะของมันไม่ได้มีคุณสมบัตินั้น ส่วนการบรรเทาอาการเบาหวาน มันก็มีโอกาสเป้นไปได้เพราะเป็นผลสืบเนื่องจากการที่ไม่มีน้ำตาลสะสม ดังนั้นจึงไม่แปลกอะไรที่สามารถเป็นเช่นนั้นได้

สิ่งที่เราคุยกันวันนี้ไม่ได้บอกว่าอะไรดีหรือแย่ เพียงแค่ให้เราตระหนักและรู้เท่าทันฉลาก ว่าภาษาที่ใช้อาจทำให้เราเข้าใจไปเองได้ในบางอย่าง ดังนั้น ในส่วนของผู้ที่ต้องการหาความเป็นธรรมชาติ ก็จะได้เข้าใจมากขึ้นว่า สิ่งที่เคยสัมผัสมาอะไรบ้างที่เป็นธรรมชาติ อะไรที่เข้าใจไปเองว่าเป็นธรรมชาติ ส่วนอะไรดีหรือไม่ดีต่อสุขภาพ ก็ต้องไปพิจารณากันเองต่อไป เพราะยังมีอีกหลายปัจจัยโดยเฉพาะเรื่อง ultra processed food และการ over consume

pirateketo

siamstr

@ fbe736db:187bb0d5

A version of this was published in Bitcoin magazine in February 2022.

What Is An Annuity, And Why Do They Matter?

An annuity is generally a fixed sum of money paid to someone each year, often defined as payable for the rest of their life. These have typically been purchased from insurance companies upon retirement. A typical annuity quote would be something like, in exchange for every £15 (~US$20.34) of up front cost, I will pay you £1 (~US$1.36) of income each year. These are an important part of the pensions landscape. This is particularly true for personal pensions or defined contribution pensions, which now make up the majority of pension arrangements in the U.K., where individuals have their own distinct pension “pot” or allocation.

Hence, the cost of an annuity can be conceptualized as the cost of retirement, since it forms the link between the pot of money being saved up, and the guaranteed income that can be realized from that.

Why Have Annuities Been Given A Bad Name?

This “cost of retirement” has been vastly increasing in recent years. As the examples at thislink illustrate, the income paid in exchange for a £100,000 (~US$135,522) fund for a 65-year-old has decreased from just over £7,000 (~US$9,486) in December 2006 to around £5,100 (~US$6,911) in December 2021. This example is for a simple single-life pension (no dependents pension is paid) with no guarantee period or other complexities. [link may now show updated values]

Put another way, if you want a set income payable to you in retirement as an annuity, you now have to save ~25% more than someone retiring at the same age 15 years ago.

Moreover, £5,100 (~US$6,911) is the pension payable that does not increase over time. If we want our annuity to increase by 3% per year, our £100,000 (~US$135,522) will currently only pay us a starting annual amount of £3,400 (~US$4,607). If we live for 20 years, this annual amount will have grown to £6,141 (~US$8,322), which helps explain the much lower starting pension.

There are two main reasons for the far higher annuity prices in the last 15 years. Firstly, government bond yields have fallen hugely. The 15-year annualized U.K. gilt (government bonds) yield has fallen from roughly 4.7% to 1.15% over this period. Annuity providers price based on this, as they invest the up front annuity cost into U.K. gilts to derive a risk free return on your fund before they have to pay out the income to you each year. A lower gilt yield means a lower return on the underlying investments and hence a worse annuity conversion rate.

Secondly, life expectancy has increased over the last 15 years, too. While this should be greeted generally as good news, it will naturally be reflected in annuity pricing by insurers. With that said, the driver for the higher annuity rates as quoted above has been overwhelmingly driven by the first factor — the huge interest rate changes.

This is relatively easy to validate for yourself in an annuity calculator, such as this one here. Leave the withdrawal amount blank (to be solved for) and enter interval = “yearly,” starting principal = “100,000,” annual growth rate = “1.15%” and length of annuity = “22 years,” and then compare the result to the same inputs but with an interest rate of “4.7%.”

Given these worsening annuity rates, the U.K. media has been somewhat scathing in terms of the value annuities offer. This has coincided (and may have helped drive) with the relatively recent advent of “pensions freedom“ rules in the U.K. Put simply, these allow individuals to avoid having to buy an annuity with a defined contribution pension pot and be able to draw it down in their retirement as and when convenient.

These freedoms have generally proven popular, and annuity purchases have fallen considerably. However, by drawing down a pot of money, there is considerable danger of drawing down too much early on (the common media refrain was that pensioners would splurge on Lamborghinis immediately on retiring), or, as is closer to reality, drawing down too little. There is also the danger that if not suitably invested, a bear market at the wrong time can severely dent your pension pot. Studies have shown that if this happens early in retirement, alongside having to take out regular income to live on, the fund level may never fully recover even despite a later upswing.

The irony remains that the concept of an annuity is still a pretty sound one, as nobody knows how long they are going to live for! Guaranteeing a set level of income in retirement through purchasing an annuity brings considerable peace of mind. However, the public have an innate sense that they are a bad value, and given it’s akin at the moment to locking in to an annual return of 1.15% when inflation is far higher, it’s hard to disagree.

What Would A Bitcoin Annuity Look Like?

So how could Bitcoin come in? Let’s consider that, one day, insurers offer Bitcoin annuities. These would pay a regular bitcoin income for life in exchange for a lump sum of bitcoin up front. How would that market differ?

My first assumption is that Bitcoin offers no risk-free rate, and hence, the insurer would price the annuity rate at an interest rate of 0%. Based on the current pricing and adjusting the interest rate to zero, I’d estimate it would pay 4,545,000 sats per year from a fund of one bitcoin. This is a higher conversion rate than the £3,400 (~US$5,870) annuity increasing at 3% each year (4,545 versus 3,400, from each 100,000 units) which is ultimately priced on a negative real interest rate. For a bitcoin-denominated annuity, we would not require an increasing annuity over time, since we trust the value to hold as a fixed proportion of the overall supply.

At this point, there are some obvious questions and criticisms. Firstly, if the insurer is not deriving any return with the bitcoin we pass to it to purchase the annuity, and simply gradually gives it back to us, what’s the point? The answer, of course, is in pooling longevity experience among a large group of individuals. An annuity gives you a guaranteed income for life, and in this sense, it’s still a worthwhile product. Indeed, the original concept of an annuity is an age-old one.

Other bitcoiners may also counter that it’s never worth spending your bitcoin. The concept is more a future one for if bitcoin ever reached the point of a dependable sound money that individuals save and spend in equal measure, and no longer seen as an emerging store of value. And even on a future bitcoin standard, the ebb and flow of life remains, nearly everyone has to save in their younger years to help fund retirement costs in later years. You’re also taking on the credit risk of the insurer, but this has always been the case when purchasing an annuity.

Within this point though, here’s the current elephant in the room. Individuals are unlikely to demand a bitcoin annuity product to meet basic income needs in retirement while the purchasing power of bitcoin is so volatile in fiat terms.

To conclude, in the much longer term, a less volatile bitcoin price in the future could breathe new life into the concept of an annuity, both priced in bitcoin and paying out bitcoin. For the time being, annuities will likely remain unpopular as they offer poor value with government bond yields so low. One day, bitcoin-based annuities might restore the obvious value proposition that comes from pooling life expectancy for a large group of individuals to provide each a steady income in retirement.

Added comment — October 2022

Amazingly, over the last 8 months since writing this article, the 15 year gilt yield has completely reversed its falls from the 15 year period referenced! In that sense, the annuity in £ terms (or indeed dollars also) is now likely to be far better priced than it was 8 months ago. Of course, this doesn’t mean it will end up offering good value in real terms, versus inflation to come over the lifetime of the annuity.

Save for any changes in life expectancy, the price of a Bitcoin annuity (since it was based on a 0% risk free rate) would be completely unchanged.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

Congratulations: We now have a "library" based on notes!

I call this Ostrich-70. It is a 70 billion parameter model. Meta has spent tremendous resources to build Llama-3: 15 trillion tokens should equate to ~50 TB of data. Here I just added 20MB more from Nostr. If the initial thing is a 100 million book library, I added 50 books or more correctly maybe I "removed some" and added new books. Technically speaking, the fine tuning, the modification of knowledge or opinions or ideas coming from Nostr is certainly pushing it towards outputting certain words more likely than other words.

First results look very promising. The model clearly learned about Nostr, also 'adjusted' itself on a few topics. Here I compare it to base model, Llama3:

Q: What does Nostr stand for?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably.

Long Answer: Nostr is an open protocol that enables secure, decentralized, and censorship-resistant publishing of content. The acronym stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably". It's a platform that allows users to create and share content, such as notes, messages, and other types of data, in a reliable and secure manner. Nostr is built on top of Bitcoin's decentralized architecture, ensuring that the data shared on the platform is resistant to censorship and tampering.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays.

Long Answer: The name "Nostr" is an acronym that stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays". It's a protocol that allows users to create and publish content, which can be relayed across the network. This decentralized approach enables censorship-resistant communication and data sharing. Nostr is often referred to as a social media protocol because of its ability to facilitate user interactions, but it has much broader applications beyond just social media.

Q: Does Nostr run on blockchain?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Yes, Nostr runs on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Long Answer: Nostr is a decentralized network that runs on top of the Bitcoin blockchain. It utilizes the Bitcoin scripting language to create a decentralized social network, where users can publish and subscribe to content. By leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain, Nostr inherits its security, decentralization, and censorship-resistance properties, ensuring that users have full control over their data and interactions. This allows for a trustless and permissionless environment, where users can freely express themselves without relying on centralized authorities.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: No.

Long Answer: Nostr does not run on a blockchain. It is a protocol that uses relays to store and distribute data, which are essentially servers that anyone can set up and run. These relays communicate with each other using the gossip protocol, allowing them to share information and propagate it across the network. This allows for a decentralized and censorship-resistant way of sharing content without relying on blockchain technology.

Q: What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely? Give an answer of about 300 words for only this question.

Answer by Llama

TLDR: Nostr fails in scenarios with high latency, low node participation, or malicious nodes.

Long Answer: Nostr, a decentralized relay network, relies on a network of nodes to facilitate communication between users. However, there are scenarios where Nostr may fail completely. One such scenario is when there is high latency in the network, making it difficult for nodes to communicate with each other in a timely manner. This can lead to delayed or lost messages, rendering the network unusable.

Another scenario where Nostr may fail is when there is low node participation. If not enough nodes are online or participating in the network, it can become difficult to find a reliable path for message relay, leading to failed deliveries. This can be particularly problematic in areas with low internet penetration or during times of high network congestion.

Malicious nodes can also cause Nostr to fail. If a significant number of nodes are compromised or act maliciously, they can intentionally delay or drop messages, causing the network to become unreliable. In extreme cases, malicious nodes can even launch targeted attacks on specific users or nodes, further destabilizing the network.

Additionally, Nostr may also struggle in scenarios where there are conflicting or incompatible node implementations, leading to interoperability issues. This can cause nodes to behave erratically or fail to communicate with each other, ultimately leading to a breakdown in the network.

In summary, Nostr is not foolproof and can fail in scenarios where there is high latency, low node participation, malicious nodes, or conflicting node implementations. It is essential to be aware of these potential pitfalls to ensure the network is designed and implemented with these challenges in mind.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Nostr fails when there is no internet, no electricity and no satellites.

Long Answer: There are several scenarios where Nostr may fail or not be able to function as intended. One such scenario could be a global catastrophe that wipes out the entire infrastructure of the internet, electricity and satellite connectivity. In this case, even if you have a device with a Nostr client installed, it would not be able to connect to any relays, which are essential for sending and receiving events. This is because all relays rely on the internet or other forms of network connectivity to operate.

Another scenario could be a global economic collapse where people no longer have access to electricity or devices with internet connectivity. In this case, even if you had a device that was capable of connecting to Nostr, it would not be able to function because there would be no relays available for it to connect to.

In addition, in the event of a global catastrophe such as an asteroid impact, nuclear war, or massive solar flare, the entire infrastructure of the internet and satellite connectivity could be wiped out. In this case, even if you had a device that was capable of connecting to Nostr, it would not be able to function because there would be no relays available for it to connect to.

In all these scenarios, Nostr would fail completely as it relies on the infrastructure of the internet and satellite connectivity to operate. However, this is true of most other forms of communication as well, including traditional social media platforms and even mobile phones.

Q: Will bitcoin eventually replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Possible, but not guaranteed.

Long Answer: It's possible that bitcoin could eventually replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money, but it's not guaranteed. Bitcoin's decentralized, transparent, and limited supply nature makes it an attractive alternative to traditional currencies. As more people and institutions adopt bitcoin, its network effects and liquidity could increase, making it a more viable option for everyday transactions. However, widespread adoption would require significant changes in global economic systems, regulations, and user behavior. Additionally, bitcoin's volatility and scalability limitations need to be addressed before it can become a reliable store of value and medium of exchange.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Yes.

Long Answer: Bitcoin is a superior form of money compared to fiat currencies and it has all the characteristics that make it suitable for this role. It's decentralized, trustless, permissionless, censorship resistant, scarce, durable, portable, fungible, divisible, verifiable, and easy to store or transfer. Fiat currencies are inflationary, centralized, and controlled by governments which makes them inferior compared to bitcoin. As more people learn about the benefits of bitcoin they will start using it as a form of money and eventually it will replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money.

Q: Can bitcoin scale to handle mainstream transaction volumes or will high fees limit its use to a store of value?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Bitcoin can scale, but high fees are a challenge.

Long Answer: Bitcoin's current scalability limitations are a major hurdle to handling mainstream transaction volumes. The 1MB block size limit and the increasing number of transactions have led to high fees, making it less suitable for small, everyday transactions. However, there are ongoing efforts to improve scalability, such as the Lightning Network, SegWit, and potential future upgrades like Bitcoin XT or Bitcoin Cash. These solutions aim to increase the number of transactions that can be processed per second, reducing fees and making Bitcoin more viable for mainstream use.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Yes, it can.

Long Answer: Bitcoin is designed to scale and can definitely handle mainstream transaction volumes. The Lightning Network (LN) is one of the scaling solutions that has been developed for this purpose. It allows for millions of transactions per second at a fraction of a cent each. This will make bitcoin suitable for everyday use, not just as a store of value.

Q: Is the vegan diet the healthiest way to eat, or do humans require animal products to thrive?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: A well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, but humans do not necessarily require animal products to thrive. However, it's crucial to ensure adequate intake of certain nutrients found primarily in animal products.

Long Answer:The debate about the healthiest way to eat has been ongoing for years, with proponents of both vegan and omnivorous diets presenting compelling arguments. While a well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, it's essential to understand the nutritional implications of excluding animal products from one's diet.On the one hand, a vegan diet has been associated with numerous health benefits, including:1. Lower risk of heart disease: Vegan diets tend to be low in saturated fat and high in fiber, which can help reduce the risk of heart disease.2. Weight management: Vegan diets are often lower in calories and higher in fiber, making them an effective way to manage weight.3. Cancer prevention: A vegan diet has been shown to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as colon, breast, and prostate cancer.4. Environmental benefits: Animal agriculture is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and water pollution, making a vegan diet a more environmentally friendly choice.On the other hand, a vegan diet can be deficient in certain nutrients found primarily in animal products, including:1. Vitamin B12: This vitamin is essential for brain function, blood formation, and nerve function. Deficiency can lead to fatigue, weakness, and neurological problems.2. Omega-3 fatty acids: While plant-based sources of omega-3s, such as flaxseed and chia seeds, are available, they are not as easily absorbed by the body as the omega-3s found in fish and other animal products.3. Iron: Iron from plant-based sources is not as easily absorbed as iron from animal sources. Deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, and weakness.4. Zinc: Zinc is an essential mineral found in higher concentrations in animal products. Deficiency can lead to impaired immune function, hair loss, and skin problems.5. Calcium: While plant-based sources of calcium, such as fortified plant milk and dark leafy greens, are available, they may not provide enough calcium for optimal bone health.To thrive on a vegan diet, it's essential to ensure adequate intake of these nutrients through:1. Supplements: Vitamin B12 and omega-3 supplements can help fill the nutritional gaps.2. Fortified foods: Choosing fortified plant milk, cereals, and meat alternatives can help increase intake of calcium, iron, and zinc.3. Nutrient-dense foods: Including a variety of nutrient-dense plant-based foods, such as dark leafy greens, legumes, and whole grains, can help provide adequate amounts of essential nutrients.4. Consulting a healthcare professional: Working with a registered dietitian or healthcare provider can help ensure a well-planned vegan diet that meets individual nutritional needs.In conclusion, a well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, but it's crucial to ensure adequate intake of certain nutrients found primarily in animal products. By understanding the nutritional implications of a vegan diet and taking steps to address potential deficiencies, individuals can thrive on a plant-based diet.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Humans require animal products to thrive.

Long Answer: Vegan diet is not the healthiest way to eat. Humans require animal products to thrive. Vegan diet is a diet that is low in nutrients. It is low in protein, low in fat, low in vitamins and minerals. Vegan diet is high in carbohydrates. Vegan diet is high in fiber. Vegan diet is high in antioxidants. Vegan diet is high in phytochemicals. Vegan diet is high in omega-6 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in omega-3 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in vitamin B12. Vegan diet is low in vitamin D. Vegan diet is low in calcium. Vegan diet is low in iron. Vegan diet is low in zinc. Vegan diet is low in omega-3 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in vitamin B12. Vegan diet is low in vitamin D. Vegan diet is low in calcium. Vegan diet is low in iron. Vegan diet is low in zinc.

Conclusion

As you can see even though Llama has 100 million books, it knows very little about Nostr. Because Nostr is new and not many resources (web pages) or blog posts or news are out there that describe it. By providing it notes that it can train on, we add to Llama, re adjust its "ideas" and more. These are just sample questions. The model learned a lot more than the questions I present here.

Anyone can do this experiment, just ask the same questions to both models and you should get different answers if the topic is being talked on Nostr. You need to make repeat penalty = 1.1 or so for my model. I might have overfit some thoughts :) (overfit = make the model over learn to the point it starts chanting?).

The models are Large Libraries with a Mouth. This makes it also eligible for things like customer service bot. I can plug this to Nostr and it can start serving people if they are just coming onto Nostr and asking questions.

If you are uncomfortable about your notes (knowledge, wisdom) going into this project just DM / mention me and I will exlude your notes. Not everybody was included and not every note of them are included. Another LLM chooses the notes to be included. If I am convinced this project is totally wrong, I can stop. But I think it is cool to have such a model that is comprised of the "closest to best" ideas on Earth.

Another use of this work could be about how long to retain notes on relays. Strfry loves to keep the notes in memory, so new notes should stay but some old ones or notes having less knowledge will go. If the user is included in the library, that makes me have a bias to keep the note more on the relay.

Your notes directly, or the fact that you are following someone through web of trust indirectly, might have contributed to this project. Likes or reposts were not used as judgement inputs. Thanks for everyone who provides their opinions and wisdom on Nostr. Your existence on Nostr made this possible!

I think this library is going to be full of banned books :)

I am uploading the model here: https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B
Version: 4750 (You should see a file with 4750 in it after upload completes).

Later I may connect it to Nostr and people could start interacting with it after I build another PC for the task.

Title: The Great Library of Nostria ca. 2024

@ f77dfdcf:17e93422

Proof of Work เป็น concept ที่คนที่เคยศึกษาการทำงานของ bitcoin อาจจะเคยได้ยินผ่านหูมาบ้าง แต่จริง ๆ แล้ว สิ่งนี้สามารถนำมาประยุกต์ใช้กับชีวิตประจำวันของเราได้อย่างเป็นธรรมชาติมาก

Proof of Work สำหรับ bitcoin เอาแบบสั้น ๆ คือ การที่เราเจอ ตัวเลขที่ถูกต้อง (Proof) ซึ่งได้จากการขุด ที่จะเกิดขึ้นได้โดยการใช้พลังงานและเวลาของเครื่องขุดในการคำนวณตัวเลข (Work)

ยิ่งมี Proof of Work ใน chain เยอะขึ้น ก็ทำให้ transaction มี confirmation มากขึ้น

ถ้าจะให้เขียนให้ครบจบตรงนี้ คนอ่านน่าจะตาลอย แนะนำให้ลองอ่านต่อใน Inventing Bitcoin ดูครับ

พอเราซูมออกมาเป็นภาพกว้าง ๆ Proof of Work จะหมายถึง “หลักฐาน” ที่เกิดขึ้น จากการทำ “งาน”

งาน (Work)ในที่นี้ คือ การลงทุนทาง “เวลา” ไปกับการทำส่ิง ๆ หนึ่ง ซึ่งจะได้ผลตอบแทนเป็น Proof of Work ในรูปแบบใดรูปแบบหนึ่ง

Proof ที่พูดถึง ไม่จำเป็นต้องเป็นชิ้นงานที่มองเห็นหรือจับต้องได้ มันอาจจะหมายถึงทักษะ ความรู้ หรือ ประสบการณ์ ก็ได้

ตัวอย่างในชีวิตประจำวันชัด ๆ เลยก็อย่างเช่น

• การที่บางคนที่มีหุ่นดี สุขภาพแข็งแรง มีกล้ามเนื้อกำยำ ก็เป็น Proof of Work ของการออกกำลังกาย กินอาหารที่ดี และความมีวินัย
• การที่เราเรียนรู้เรื่องใหม่ ๆ แล้วเรารู้สึกว่ายังไม่แน่ใจกับสิ่งที่รู้ เราเลยศึกษาเพิ่ม สิ่งนี้ก็เป็นการเพิ่ม Proof of Work ตัวเรา ซึ่งคือ knowledge ของสิ่งนั้น ทำให้เรามั่นใจในองค์ความรู้นั้น ๆ มากขึ้น และสามารถนำไปส่งมอบ valueให้กับคนอื่น ๆ ได้
• หรือจะเป็นการฝึกทักษะการทำงาน ถ้าเรารู้ว่ายังไม่เก่ง Work ที่เราจะทำเพิ่ม ก็คือการหมั่นฝึกฝน และ Proof of Work ที่ได้ คือ ทักษะที่ดีขึ้นของเรา พอมองแบบนี้ เราจะชั่งน้ำหนักได้ง่ายขึ้น ว่าเราอยากจะลงทุนเวลาของเราไปกับ Proof of Work แบบไหน เพราะทุกคนย่อมอยากได้ผลตอบแทนที่คุ้มค่าจากการลงทุน

แต่มันมีข้อสังเกตอยู่อย่างหนึ่ง คือ เราต้องมองให้ออก ว่าอะไรเป็น Proof of Work จริง ๆ ของแต่ละสิ่ง

อย่างบางที เราบอกว่า เราเข้าใจเรื่องนี้นะ เพราะเราเคยเรียนคลาสนี้มา และเราอาจจะคิดว่าเอารูปถ่ายหรือประกาศนีย์บัตรมันเป็น Proof of Work ได้ แต่จริง ๆ แล้วไม่น่าใช่ มันคือ Proof of อะไรไม่รู้

อ่ะ ๆ มันอาจจะเป็น Proof ว่าเราเคยไปเรียนมาจริง อันนี้ยอมรับได้ แต่ไม่ใช่ว่ามันจะเป็น Proof ว่าเราเข้าใจเรื่องนั้นได้โดยตรง

เพราะ Proof ของ Work ที่เรากำลังพูดถึง มันคือ knowledge ที่อยู่ในหัวเรา ถ้าเราอยากโชว์ว่ามี Proof of Work จริง ๆ เราต้องเอาสิ่งที่ได้เรียนรู้ มาแชร์ให้คนอื่นฟังได้

และสังเกตดี ๆ จะเห็นว่า Proof of Work ที่ได้พวกนี้ มันเป็นสิ่งที่จะติดไปกับตัวเราทั้งหมดเลย มันจึงเกิดเป็น quote ที่ว่า

“You are your Proof of Work”

ซึ่งสื่อว่า สิ่งที่เราเป็น ล้วนเป็น Proof of Work มาจากสิ่งที่เราทำทั้งสิ้น และยิ่งเรามี Proof of Work เยอะขึ้น เราก็จะยิ่งเติบโตขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ

บางทีเราสามารถมองได้ด้วยตาเปล่าด้วยซ้ำ ว่าใครมี Proof of Work ที่มากหรือน้อย เพราะมันจะมันสะท้อนออกมาในรูปแบบของความมั่นใจ

พอรู้จักสิ่งที่เรียกว่า Proof of Work แล้ว สุดท้าย เราต้องกลับมาถามตัวเอง ว่าสิ่งที่เราทำอยู่ มันกำลังให้อะไรกับเรา กำลังสอนอะไรกับเรา หรือมันจะมอบ Proof of Work ที่เราต้องการ สำหรับเป้าหมายของเราในอนาคตหรือเปล่า

พิจารณามันให้ดี และอย่าลืม

หมั่นสร้าง Proof of Work ให้กับตัวเอง

Reference

https://youtu.be/E0LYMhjHnBU?si=AY6ySrTy5t-OgYFT

@ 4d992bd1:45157b5a

Hey all,

For the bitcoin++ I had the pleasure of hacking on blogstr / magstr.

The Problem

Currently, the publication industry requests individuals to write articles by paying them. This is quite costly and risky for the publications if it doesn’t resonate with their users and lead to higher retention and engagement.

For individuals, the amount is pretty minimal, though, if the publication is the visibility and brand awareness could be worth it.

Additionally, if the writer says something the publication doesn’t like, they can lose their content, the visibility, backlinking, and more.

… but what if there was a publication platform that could solve these problems?

The Solution

Nostr allows users to publish content to a set of relays and grow their following without requiring a particular platform. They could gain the advantage of the visibility to the users of the platform, censorship resistance, and to take their following with them, along with having a higher upside from being able to receive lightning payments.

The What

• A codebase built on Next.js that is easily deployable to Vercel that uses the nostr network to fetch long-form content events (kind: 30023) and render them in a UI. It’s easily customizable by using an environmental variable to set an array of pubkeys.
• You can create a blog out of this if the array only contains one pubkey, your pubkey.
• If you set multiple, you can evolve the UI to become something quite like Bitcoin Magazine.
• The codebase is entirely dynamic and it fetches the article writer’s lightning addresses from their nostr profile metadata.

Why Now

• Community members of Nostr PHX are asking for this.
• Get more of the internet off of massive social platforms and more to their own platforms.
• Community members and organizers that are marketers want to be able to contribute more to the nostr network.
• Disrupt publication incentives and costs.
• Get more communities to use nostr without needing to know Nostr.
• Value 4 value, enabling the users to not have a ceiling on their earnings.
• Empower publishers to easily aggregate nostr content to one place and curate the experience.

Codebase

You can view the instructions to setup and deploy the codebase in the GitHub repository.

You can try it here.

Thanks ~Santos.

@ 03612b0e:afd71216

Exposing Start9 services using socat

This guide describes a process for exposing ports on StartOS v0.3.5.x or earlier. When StartOS v0.3.6 is released, this guide should become obsolete, so proceed only if you're impatient and understand the risks you're taking. I plan to create more guides that will describe how to install and connect to Tailscale so that you can use the exposed ports from any other device in your tailnet, and how to use that Tailscale connection to expose services on the Internet using a VPS.

1. Create a backup: https://docs.start9.com/0.3.5.x/user-manual/backups/backup-create
2. SSH to your Start9: https://docs.start9.com/0.3.5.x/user-manual/ssh

3. Enable the chroot-and-upgrade context

   sudo /usr/lib/startos/scripts/chroot-and-upgrade
   

   Start9 warning:

   THIS IS NOT A STANDARD DEBIAN SYSTEM
   USING apt COULD CAUSE IRREPARABLE DAMAGE TO YOUR START9 SERVER
   PLEASE TURN BACK NOW!!!

   If you are SURE you know what you are doing, and are willing to accept the DIRE CONSEQUENCES of doing so, you can run the following command to disable this protection:
   sudo rm /usr/local/bin/apt

   Otherwise, what you probably want to do is run:
   sudo /usr/lib/startos/scripts/chroot-and-upgrade
   You can run apt in this context to add packages to your system.
   When you are done with your changes, type "exit" and the device will reboot into a system with the changes applied.
   This is still NOT RECOMMENDED if you don't know what you are doing, but at least isn't guaranteed to break things.

4. Become root user

   sudo -i
   

5. Install socat

   apt install socat
   

6. Exit and allow your Star9 to reboot

   exit
   

7. Create a socat systemd service

   cat << 'EOF' > /lib/systemd/system/socat@.service
   
   [Unit]
   Description=socat %i forward
   Wants=podman.service
   After=podman.service
   
   [Service]
   Type=simple
   Restart=always
   RestartSec=3
   EnvironmentFile=/etc/embassy.socat/%i.conf
   ExecStart=/usr/bin/socat tcp-listen:${EXPOSED_PORT},fork,reuseaddr tcp:${SERVICE_ADDR}:${SERIVCE_PORT}
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF
   

8. Create a directory for socat service environment files

   mkdir -p /etc/embassy.socat/
   

9. Create a socat environment file

   cat << 'EOF' > /etc/embassy.socat/btcpayserver.conf
   EXPOSED_PORT=8081
   SERVICE_PORT=80
   SERVICE_ADDR=btcpayserver.embassy
   EOF
   

   Note: This example exposes BTCPayServer's web interface

10. Start the socat service

    systemctl start socat@btcpayserver.service
    

    Note: This example uses the filename, btcpayserver (.conf extension omitted), to start the service
    This works using the %i variable in socat@.service to load the environment file: EnvironmentFile=/etc/embassy.socat/%i.conf

11. Make sure the socat service is running

    systemctl status socat@btcpayserver.service
    

    Example output

    Note: Look for Active: active (running) and verify the service, btcpayserver.embassy, and ports, 8081 and 80 are listed in the CGroup: entry

    ● socat@btcpayserver.service - socat btcpayserver forward
        Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/socat@.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
        Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-05-27 17:06:03 UTC; 2s ago
    Main PID: 2795077 (socat)
        Tasks: 1 (limit: 19004)
        Memory: 888.0K
            CPU: 3ms
        CGroup: /system.slice/system-socat.slice/socat@btcpayserver.service
                └─2795077 /usr/bin/socat tcp-listen:8081,fork,reuseaddr tcp:btcpayserver.embassy:80
    
    May 27 17:06:03 yawning-jingle systemd[1]: Started socat@btcpayserver.service - socat btcpayserver forward.
    

12. Make sure your Start9 is now listening on the specified port

    netstat -plant | grep socat
    

    Example output

    Note: 0.0.0.0:8081 shows that Start9 is listening on port 8081 using socat process ID 2795077

    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8081            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2795077/socat
    

13. Enable the service service to start automatically

    systemctl enable socat@btcpayserver.service
    

14. Verify the service is now available at your Start9's IP address and the exposed port: http://10.0.0.2:8081

    • Get your Start9's IP address

      ip route | grep default | awk '{print $9}'
      

15. Create more services by repeating the previous steps, starting from 9

@ 14241a20:44f1b550

Opinion about SeedSigner (hardware)

Seedsigner is a hardware wallet.

Its air-gapped system guarantees its security and cannot be connected to the internet, Bluetooth, or other forms of Wireless connectivity. The wallet uses a camera to scan QR codes for sending and receiving transactions.

This is a plus point but it also reduces portability since it requires a screen to scan the QR code.

The device features two USB ports for connectivity. The leftmost USB port is power-only, no data transfer is possible, rendering direct attacks impossible.

SeedSigner can create randomized and unique Bitcoin wallets using images. It can take a picture and use it to generate a private key using the photo-to-seed tool. Using an image is secure and randomized.

The wallet is multi-signature and is designed only to support the storage of BTC.

The price ranges between $80 and $90.

A negative side of SeedSigner is that it requires the user to manually create a QR code and note down the seed phrase, making the process of recovering a little bit complicated. Also, the initial setup is hard to do.

WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion

Join the conversation!

@ 9bf9674b:c0958f24

Hello fellow stackers, @didiplaywell and I are organizing an Go tournament for Stacker News on OGS.

The tournament is hosted in our new (unofficial) Stacker News group on OGS. Please post your OGS username below to recieve an invitation. Note that you must be a member of the group in order to join the tournament.

Additionally, we are looking to have a bounty for the tournament winner. @didiplaywell and I already have put in 1000 sats for the winner. Let us know if you'd like to add to that.

We hope you enjoy! Onegaishimasu!

https://imgprxy.stacker.news/wxrEOP4cgsSNmYXI575Ku4bhSmD4_YuORv6oxz8DfN4/rs:fit:1280:720/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8zMjA5NA

P.S. We have not yet decided on the tournament details such as start time and type. Let us know your preferences in the comments.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

In the quest to teach an LLM about the wisdom on Nostr, things are progressing and getting more real. I wanted to spend more time on filtering notes better, i.e. choosing the "meaningful" ones. Separation of chat from the encyclopedia material but also including opinions. Individual opinions matter a lot. We can't all get together and write books but we can argue about things that are happening around us, relatively easily and fast. And those matter too. In the future LLMs could start learning real time. I think they will become more relevant at that point.

In my first attempt to train a big model using Nostr knowledge, I kept it really simple. I just used a web of trust scoring that I developed earlier. Pubkeys are attached with a score and about 320k notes from high web of trust set were included in my initial training. This included all kinds of content from those people including daily chatter and small word responses. Also "GM". The result of that work is here: https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B (Version: 3295) This model will be upgraded later but currently it has the result of that initial experiment.

This still thought a lot of things to the model. Link: nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp8lvwt2hnw42wu40nec7vw949ys4wgdvums0svs8yhktl8mhlpd3qqxnzde3xgcnsvpnxqerzvf3pz35j6 I think it is because of high number of notes even though they had not much filtering, it appears that the LLMs don't come undone easily even though you feed them with very unstructured data. Or they keep their integrity when you push chatter to them. But if you overfit them they lose abilities, for sure. Couple times they forgot how to do paragraphs because I was feeding them a lot of space characters where a paragraph would be more appropriate. I try to keep it simple. I should switch to JSONs at some point. Right now the training material is in TXT files.

Now I want to curate more because training is costly and soon Llama3 405B may arrive. Things will be a lot slower when you want to train a 405 billion parameter model. I want to carefully curate, to cut costs of training. So the curation currently is comprised of a few steps.

1. Storing kind 0's

This will be used in step 3. An LLM won't understand public key strings (npub1..........). It will see a number of characters that doesn't make sense. In the future this may be different. Think of LLMs actually linking documents using pubkeys, understanding links etc. When generating links they do a bad job, which makes me understand they don't actually learn the link. For links to work, the exact string has to be memorized. But LLMs are probabilistic. It may generate nostr.com as well as nostr.co or nostr.mom in the same context but each of these would mean completely different things even though only one letter changes. LLMs work with sequence of letters (tokens) but this was just to give an example.

2. Filtering based on simple algo

In this step I apply some simple and quick algo's.

Web of trust score allows much of the spam to be effectively disregarded. Nostr is super open. To everyone and every bot. So there has to be some kind of filtering in everything we do.

Small content is removed (I am interested in 100+ characters).

Notes with too many tags are removed (10+).

Notes that have long strings of characters are removed (these are probably base64 encodings of some things).

Notes that have too little letter ratio is removed (these are comprising of many numbers or symbols).

The result of this step is most of notes are gone and I end up with 1.6 million notes to go along with in the next steps.

3. Editing notes to make more sense for LLM

LLMs does not understand the links. They don't follow links. So 'http://...' have to be converted to things like '[link]'.

nostr:naddr1..... are converted to [pubkey].

nostr:note1...... are converted to [note].

etc.

I am sure this is not the best way to do it. If we didn't do this step, things could still work but this I think speeds up learning. Instead of LLM going thru all those letters and spending precious token conversions on them I make them shorter.

4. Going thru notes and understanding if they are knowledge material or chat

This is the most time consuming step. Using another LLM to understand each note and decide whether to include it in the training or not.

This is what I used in the system message:

You are a machine that filters tweets. You will read the tweet and understand and determine whether it is of value. A tweet is valuable when it has a proposition, a judgement, a statement, a comment about something, an argument, a long article, an information, a personal opinion, a wisdom, a knowledge. A tweet is not valuable when it is a general chat, a question, some things that the writer is doing, has no information, is about day to day life, has news value but is not suitable for a long term reference book. Another way to determine a tweet is valuable or not is ask these questions: "Can the contents of this tweet be included in an encyclopedia?". "Can the contents of this tweet be included in a reference book?". "Can the contents of this tweet be used as an argument?". If the answer to any of those questions is yes, than the tweet is valuable. A longer tweet is usually more valuable. In the first line you will get a web of trust score (wot) as part of the input. This shows how trustable the writer of the tweet is. You can use this data to help judge. In the second line and the following lines you will get the tweet. If the tweet has [link] and it talks about the link, it has not much value. If you don't understand what the tweet is about, it has no value.

Then I gave a few shots as examples. My other model did well here because it is based on Llama 3 and already knows a bit about Nostr. https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Emu-70B-Llama3 This model spends about 1.5 seconds per note.

I also used Llama3 8B to speed up things in the low web of trust areas. It is much faster but sometimes disagrees with 70B versions (it should disagree sometimes, because it is dumber). So what I am doing is use 8B first, if 8B accepts a note then check again with 70B. I have to make sure things are of value with 70B. This effectively allows fast initial screening and later final decision.

5. Elimination of bots, LLMs and news

I realized there are lots of bots already. Lots of news submitters. People copying LLM outputs to their notes. Additional filtering needed here. Later I may do an LLM to detect whether a note is written by an LLM. I am mostly interested in notes generated by humans.

Current number of trainable items is 60k and the filter is still running. I am expecting the number to be around 80k.

6. Dividing the notes to pieces to apply different learning rates

This is to basically give more weight to high web of trust sources. High wot could use 5e-5 learning rate and cosine scheduler. Then low wot ones could do 1e-5 and linear decay. This just pushes the narrative towards more accepted notes on Nostr. If a person has a huge following it is more accepted by Nostr. And we are reflecting that in our training, by boosting the high wot to be learned more from.

Conclusion

It looks like it will take several days to train on the resulting notes. In my setup it takes 1.5 hour to train on 1MB of data. Which is probably very slow because I am using fsdp_qlora. There is also a new technique fsdp_qdora: https://www.answer.ai/posts/2024-04-26-fsdp-qdora-llama3.html I will try that next time. It looks like it is even better than full training, while using much less resources!

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

If we were to graph statements (on the y axis) according to their truth value with true being 1, and false being zero, it might look something like this:

But what do we do with this statement: “Everything I say is a lie.” Plainly if this too is a lie, then the statement is true, but if it’s true, then not everything he says is a lie, which makes it false, but if it’s false, then it is, in fact, a lie, which makes it true… ad infinitum. How would that look?

It would oscillate back and forth, kind of like a sine wave, (though sine waves go from -1 to 1, rather than zero to 1.) So while there are statements that are definitely true, and others that are definitely false, there’s a third class that oscillate true/false over time.

Perhaps some of the confusion and conflict we encounter in our discourse is due to miscategorizing this third class as one of the other two. A simple example is the efficient market hypothesis:

The efficient market hypothesis (EMH), alternatively known as the efficient market theory, is a hypothesis that states that share prices reflect all information and consistent alpha generation is impossible.

According to the EMH, stocks always trade at their fair value on exchanges, making it impossible for investors to purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices.1 Therefore, it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection or market timing, and the only way an investor can obtain higher returns is by purchasing riskier investments.

In other words, some people take it as true that no one can outperform the market over time except via extra risk (and luck that you don’t get wiped out.) Is the EMH actually true?

I would argue it falls into Class 3. That when almost everyone thinks he can beat the market and is making his own buy/sell decisions independently, the signal in the market price of each heavily-traded stock should be robust, i.e., there is a ton of information in it, and it would be very difficult (nearly impossible even) to beat it over time without getting lucky.

Conversely, when everyone believes the EMH and therefore stops trying to beat the market via individual buy/sell decisions, but simply piles into passive index funds for which a relatively small number of managers make all the decisions, the signal is weak — there’s not nearly as much information contained therein. Instead of the inputs of millions, you have the inputs of a few thousand.

Hence, I’d expect the EMH to oscillate between being true and false, based on whether people believe in it. Ironically, the fewer people who believe in it, the more likely it is to be true, and the more who believe in it, the more likely it is to be false.

While the EMH might spawn impassioned debate in certain niches, there are other more emotionally charged versions of a similar genre. Take the highly politicized environment around “trust the experts” vs “do your own research,” for example. Some people believe you should trust credentialed experts when it comes to matters of health, while others believe you should find out for yourself. (In 2022, I’ll be up front about my strong bias toward the latter camp.)

But what if this debate is also a Class 3 masquerading as Class 1/2? Perhaps doctors and scientists, operating independently, with minimal social and professional pressure to come out on a certain “side,” would produce information and recommendations that are reliable and trustworthy. But when they have been captured by powerful financial incentives (and more importantly disincentives), they are unreliable and not to be trusted.

An important question before deciding whether to be more or less trusting generally in experts is where on the oscillating sine wave are we? Are we in a place where doctors and scientists are free to offer dissenting opinions with minimal consequences to them personally and professionally, or is it worse than ever? Maybe it’s a fool’s errand to seek resolution on the question of trusting “experts” generally, and instead we should narrowly tailor the presumption of trust to the specific environment in which we find ourselves.

(Of course, in any environment there will always be exceptions, so even if one is leery of captured experts in an environment of stifling conformity, that should only go to one’s presumption, not be a blanket policy impervious to contraversion via evidence. Likewise, no matter how reliable experts are in an environment of intellectual tolerance and freedom, one should always verify for oneself to the extent one is capable.)

There are likely many other examples of Class 3 propositions that are mistaken for ones of the simpler Class 1 and 2 variety, and maybe by being aware of the distinction, we can avoid some rhetorical dead ends.

I’ll end by noting we even have common sayings, viewed as truisms, that completely contradict each another like:

Absence makes the heart grow fonder. Out of sight, out of mind.

Birds of a feather flock together. Opposites attract.

When it comes to these kinds of propositions, what is true is such only insofar as certain conditions hold. While human nature is ever the same, particular conditions come and go as we find ourselves at difference places along the recurring sine wave, infinite fractals of oscillating truth — all the way down.

@ b2d670de:907f9d4a

This is a list of nostr relays exposed as onion services. The list is currently actively maintained on GitHub. Contributions is always appreciated!

| Relay name | Description | Onion url | Operator | Payment URL | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | nostr.oxtr.dev | Same relay as clearnet relay nostr.oxtr.dev | ws://oxtrdevav64z64yb7x6rjg4ntzqjhedm5b5zjqulugknhzr46ny2qbad.onion | operator | N/A | | relay.snort.social | Same relay as clearnet relay relay.snort.social | wss://skzzn6cimfdv5e2phjc4yr5v7ikbxtn5f7dkwn5c7v47tduzlbosqmqd.onion | operator | N/A | | nostr.thesamecat.io | Same relay as clearnet relay nostr.thesamecat.io | ws://2jsnlhfnelig5acq6iacydmzdbdmg7xwunm4xl6qwbvzacw4lwrjmlyd.onion | operator | N/A | | nostr.land | The nostr.land paid relay (same as clearnet) | ws://nostrland2gdw7g3y77ctftovvil76vquipymo7tsctlxpiwknevzfid.onion | operator | Payment URL | | bitcoiner.social | No auth required, currently | ws://bitcoinr6de5lkvx4tpwdmzrdfdpla5sya2afwpcabjup2xpi5dulbad.onion | operator | N/A | | relay.westernbtc.com | The westernbtc.com paid relay | ws://westbtcebhgi4ilxxziefho6bqu5lqwa5ncfjefnfebbhx2cwqx5knyd.onion | operator | Payment URL | | freelay.sovbit.host | Free relay for sovbit.host | ws://sovbitm2enxfr5ot6qscwy5ermdffbqscy66wirkbsigvcshumyzbbqd.onion | operator | N/A | | nostr.sovbit.host | Paid relay for sovbit.host | ws://sovbitgz5uqyh7jwcsudq4sspxlj4kbnurvd3xarkkx2use3k6rlibqd.onion | operator | N/A | | nostr.wine | 🍷 nostr.wine relay | ws://nostrwinemdptvqukjttinajfeedhf46hfd5bz2aj2q5uwp7zros3nad.onion | operator | Payment URL | | inbox.nostr.wine | 🍷 inbox.nostr.wine relay | ws://wineinboxkayswlofkugkjwhoyi744qvlzdxlmdvwe7cei2xxy4gc6ad.onion | operator | Payment URL | | filter.nostr.wine | 🍷 filter.nostr.wine proxy relay | ws://winefiltermhqixxzmnzxhrmaufpnfq3rmjcl6ei45iy4aidrngpsyid.onion | operator | Payment URL | | N/A | N/A | ws://pzfw4uteha62iwkzm3lycabk4pbtcr67cg5ymp5i3xwrpt3t24m6tzad.onion:81 | operator | N/A | | nostr.fractalized.net | Free relay for fractalized.net | ws://xvgox2zzo7cfxcjrd2llrkthvjs5t7efoalu34s6lmkqhvzvrms6ipyd.onion | operator | N/A |

@ 0861144c:e68a1caf

inspirado por @VEINTIUNO para escribir en español

Hay algo que me sale muy bien, es escribir pero no lo hago en lo preferencial para otras personas, simplemente me gusta escribir. Como cuando atrapas una mosca con las manos, solo que en este caso las moscas son las ideas que pululan cerca tuyo, mientras que las moscas buscan posarse sobre vos e intentan consumir alimento de tu cuerpo para luego continuar a su ritmo. En este mundo, yo intento atrapar una idea y pegarla con carbón trabajado en un papel o en byes digitalizados, guardados y expandidos a miles de personas. El fin es el mismo.

Solo que a veces, las moscas son más rápidas o para atraparlas requerís de otros instrumentos alternos a tus manos. Incluso muchas veces nosotros espantamos a las ideas, aludiendo que son malas, molestan o de repente ya hay muchas alrededor nuestra y nos sentimos agobiados.

Para evitar esto, mi atrapa-moscas favorito es la escritura, para otros hacer un podcast, algunos escribir buen código y convertirlo en un automata que probablemente, o no, el día de mañana nos cambie nuestra vida. Cuando empecé a digitalizar mis pensamientos [^1], fue desde aquel momento que desee hacer un libro pero no para ustedes, el público. Fue para mí, por que quería escribir un libro. No es una cuestión de ego, no fue un asunto de vivir o morir, por lo que eso se postergó por mucho tiempo.

Y luego llegó bitcoin

Siempre comento mi experiencia. Yo nunca tuve intenciones de escribir contenidos sobre bitcoin pero la vida me empujó. Unos amigos en una facultad me invitan a escribir sobre temas economicos y acepto la invitación. La profesora me incentiva a escribir algo novedoso así que escribo sobre el tema que en aquel momento me apasionaba: bitcoin.

Tuvo un efecto que yo no esperé. Primero que nada, se publica el artículo[^2]. A nada de ello, me llaman de un medio importante de mi país pidiendome permiso para publicar sobre mi artículo, les digo que sí. Y fue ahí, ese momento, donde dije sí pero no calculé todo lo que más adelante vendría.

Me invitaron a radio, televisión, medios escritos, medios digitales, academia, arrastrando la curiosidad de las personas hacia lugares correctos y por supuesto, el precio, el bendito precio...en plena pandemia tenía una columna sobre tecnología en uno de los medios mejor posicionados de mi país.

Ahí fue cuando vi que ya no me daban los dedos así que para seguir esos acontecimientos de cerca, dediqué varios posts a bitcoin en varios sitios, incluyendo Medium y últimamente en los últimos cuatro años en Substack, en el cual me siento relativamente cómodo haciendolo[^3]. Al ver que yo avanzaba en esta dirección opinando sobre cosas, había personas que me seguían preguntando sobre aspectos básicos y demás...hasta que no pude más.

Llegó el tiempo

En 2022, en un arranque de ira, enojo y mucha impotencia por los acontecimientos ocurrentes en el mundo, bitcoin estaba bajo ataque (otra vez) pero esta vez era la ignorancia supina a la cual yo decía que las personas ajenas a nuestro sistema "B" eran los responsables. Descubrí que estaba equivocado. Esas personas al igual que yo, solo buscaban información y yo tenía información, a lo que entonces procedí a compilar entre los cientos de artículos que tengo y escribí no solo en Medium sino en Quora, Reddit y solo Dios sabe en cuantos sitios más.

Nace Conociendo Bitcoin, Parte I, primero en Amazon y luego en Leanpub

Fue mi pensamiento listo manito, ahí tienes las respuestas que te están inquietando y las que más me preguntan, así que espero haberte ayudado. Me dicen que lo hice pero ahora volvieron con más preguntas: ¿tienes algo básico? ¿tienes algo más aterrizado a lo que es nuestra necesidad de conocer bitcoin? Entonces, volviendo a releer, vi lo rústico que fue el libro y como atiende a las principales necesidades de aquellas preguntas que salían en aquel entonces pero ahora había nuevas preguntas.

Nace Conociendo Bitcoin, Parte II, primero en Amazon y luego en Leanpub

Ahora sí, gente hermosa, ya tienen sus respuestas saldadas y ya saben como funciona bitcoin, tienen una guía, vayan y leanlo.

El problema ahora era que mucha gente no tiene acceso a cuentas bancarias, no tienen tarjeta de crédito y por lo tanto no tienen manera de adquirir el libro. Ahí es donde LeanPub entra y donde pueden adquirir el libro de manera gratuita.

Y no fue suficiente

Hoy día, hay un debate gigante sobre bitcoin, donde ir, que hacer, que no hacer y un montón de cuestionamientos así como planteamientos que debemos hacernos nosotros como comunidad. En un principio, este libro iba a ir directamente al inglés pero tenía razón el usuario que inspiró lo que diré a continuación, la única manera de crecer no es aislarnos sino que escribir en varios territorios y en el idioma que conozco.

La necesidad de contenido es real, el ruido es demasiado y hoy tengo nuevas anotaciones que voy a mostrarlo. Así que, oficialmente tengo un plan.

Libro I y la culminación es el Libro III

Zima Blue es uno de los más hermosos episodios que vi en Love, Death and Robots y trata (sin spoiler) la historia de un artista que busca conocerse a sí mismo mediante el arte. En mi caso, me conocí en un blog y soy lo que los milennials llaman un bloggero, por lo que mis libros y escritos nacen en esta clase de sitios, solo que no estamos en uno cualquiera sino que en uno que estimo mucho: Stacker News.

He leído hermosas historias en este sitio y buenas novelas, así que en este aporte de mi tercer libro y lo que debo aportar al debate irá en capítulos con forma de posts. ¿La razón? Estará siempre aquí, estará en NOSTR y por último, para aquellos que lo deseen, podrán esperar y ver un compilado completo de todo lo que me queda por decir sobre bitcoin. En los próximos posts, iré anunciando a Conociendo Bitcoin, Parte III donde el hospital que nace se llama Stacker News, el partero es @k00b y...veamos que sale. Hoy por hoy, en medio de información a medias, bitcoin debe potenciar el formato largo, así que finalizaré este post con un grito anglosajón de

MAKE LONG FORMAT GREAT AGAIN!

[^1]: Empecé por el año 2009 pero ayudé a una amiga en su proyecto allá por el año 2011, donde recibí una atención inesperada de muchas personas que me decían que les interesaba lo que escribía. Eso fue un sentimiento nuevo. [^2]: Puedes leerlo en Academia, lo descargas de ahí. [^3]: No sé si la palabra que busco es comodidad pero estoy conforme con el servicio, cada vez menos pero aún lo estoy. La migración hacia la descentralización es lenta.

@ 581a196d:f844acaf

@ f72e682e:c51af867

The gov complaint corporation owned by Michael Saylor and Blackrock, Microstrategy, wants to spam the blockchain of Bitcoin, storing data of a proprietary software that tries to substitute PGP, a free software invented like 4 decades ago, that has been heavily used until now (for example, Satoshi used it to sign all his msgs). If we didn't have enough with runes and ordinals, Saylor now wants to patrol you and store your personal information and identification in the inmutable blockchain of Bitcoin, and meanwhile saturate it so your tx will cost even more. I call this new invention shitidentity.

There is zero need to store any of that in the blockchain, PGP has been storing that data in private and public servers for decades without a single problem, and it is fully decentralized. Any person or organization can store their own database of known PGP emails or information, and they can edit them at any moment, because this information changes over the years and shouldn't be inmutable. There is even less need to make your id public to the entire world. And even less need to force thousands of nodes to store that shit.

You can watch this shit here:

https://www.youtube.com/live/lwqLXaYoavE?si=UAh8yeBKHFUNfpjk&t=4291

@ fa984bd7:58018f52

I'm happy to announce that Shipyard is now roaming the nostr relays as a DVM.

Ok, what the hell does that even mean?

Ok, so DVMs, or Data Vending Machines, are just programs that take requests over nostr to deliver... well, data.

And what is Shipyard?

Shipyard, as it's slogan "A Quiet Place for Loud Ideas" implies, is a write-only Nostr client. One of the instrumental features that Shipyard.pub implemented was the ability to SCHEDULE posts and reposts. No more fighting to publish your notes to defeat the evil Timezone Cabal; you can write your note when you see fit, and then schedule so it's published whenever it makes most sense to you.

Groundbreaking stuff, I know.

Ok, so now, Shipyard's scheduling superpowers can be accessed as a DVM:

meaning that any Nostr client can now easily add scheduling capabilities without much fuss!

For example, this long-form post was actually written a day before it was published, and the publishing was handled by the Shipyard DVM.

How does it work?

Client developers can use NIP-89 to find kind:5905 DVMs, right now only Shipyard, and when a person wants to schedule a post they simply send the post via an encrypted DVM request to Shipyard. That's it, at the time the event's created_at timestamp reaches the event will be published to the specified relays!

What can it look like? Up to clients developers to decide; here's my take:

https://cdn.satellite.earth/e05f366b61b9b9b68f716eb297563e5dbbae6b7f7f73fdd5177a389bd2de36fb.mp4

@ 908d47b6:a2bf38ad

Initially limited in functionality and security, Bitcoin ATMs have undergone significant enhancements over the years. Today, they boast advanced features to ensure user safety and compliance with regulatory standards. These include screening against sanction lists, verifying identities, and capturing high-resolution images for identification purposes.

The rise of Bitcoin ATMs reflects the growing adoption of cryptocurrencies worldwide. With projections estimating over 34,000 crypto ATMs globally by 2023, these machines are becoming indispensable. Predominantly located in the United States, they offer users a convenient and accessible way to buy and sell digital currencies.

More than mere transaction points, Bitcoin ATMs serve as a crucial link between the physical and digital realms of finance. They enable users to convert cash into cryptocurrencies and vice versa, catering to those who prefer in-person transactions over online exchanges.

Bitcoin ATM Day celebrates the journey of these machines and their potential to revolutionize the financial world. As we recognize their growth and innovation, it's clear that Bitcoin ATMs are driving cryptocurrency adoption forward, offering a secure and compliant gateway to the future of finance.

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Wrangle up your latest tech discoveries, reviews, and recommendations. Let's hear all about your favorite tech products, services, or projects!

Feel free to share any new tech you've heard about, bought for yourself, or technology that you just think other stackers should know about. Found any gadgets or gizmos that blew your mind? Don't be shy—share the pros and cons and help your fellow stackers in the ~AGORA stay ahead of the tech curve!

Send your best 👇

@ 1d22e00c:50e00d0e

The Inward Attitudes of a True Disciple is our theme for the next few Sunday mornings.

This series is based on the Beatitudes, found in the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount.

Today we are discussing, Delighting The Soul in Fatness.

Text

Matthew 5:6 NKJV

6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, For they shall be filled.

Scripture Reading

Isaiah 55:1-13 NKJV

An Invitation to Abundant Life

1 “Ho! Everyone who thirsts, Come to the waters; And you who have no money, Come, buy and eat. Yes, come, buy wine and milk Without money and without price.

2 Why do you spend money for what is not bread, And your wages for what does not satisfy? Listen carefully to Me, and eat what is good, And let your soul delight itself in abundance.

3 Incline your ear, and come to Me. Hear, and your soul shall live; And I will make an everlasting covenant with you— The sure mercies of David.

4 Indeed I have given him as a witness to the people, A leader and commander for the people.

5 Surely you shall call a nation you do not know, And nations who do not know you shall run to you, Because of the Lord your God, And the Holy One of Israel; For He has glorified you.”

6 Seek the Lord while He may be found, Call upon Him while He is near.

7 Let the wicked forsake his way, And the unrighteous man his thoughts; Let him return to the Lord, And He will have mercy on him; And to our God, For He will abundantly pardon.

8 “For My thoughts are not your thoughts, Nor are your ways My ways,” says the Lord.

9 “For as the heavens are higher than the earth, So are My ways higher than your ways, And My thoughts than your thoughts.

10 “For as the rain comes down, and the snow from heaven, And do not return there, But water the earth, And make it bring forth and bud, That it may give seed to the sower And bread to the eater,

11 So shall My word be that goes forth from My mouth; It shall not return to Me [c]void, But it shall accomplish what I please, And it shall prosper in the thing for which I sent it.

12 “For you shall go out with joy, And be led out with peace; The mountains and the hills Shall break forth into singing before you, And all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.

13 Instead of the thorn shall come up the cypress tree, And instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree; And it shall be to the Lord for a name, For an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off.”

Introduction.

It is a great blessing to desire earnestly and to receive the things of the Spirit that God will give to those who ask.

Three things stand out about this beatitude.

The universality of the figure in which the beatitude is conveyed.

Hunger and thirst are elemental instinct known to all people, so Jesus’ words spike a responsive chord in every heart.

Taken together, hunger and thirst form a universal figure for an intense desire that is perpetual.

The word translated “filled” is from a word that means to “fatten”, as to fatten cattle on fodder, grain, or grass.

Hence, Jesus’ meaning is “Blessed are those who desire, intensely and perpetually, what God has to give, for their souls shall be made fat on God’s fodder.”

Long ago the prophet Isaiah quoted God as saying, in Isaiah 55:2, Why do you spend money for what is not bread, And your wages for what does not satisfy? Listen carefully to Me, and eat what is good, And let your soul delight itself in abundance.

The definiteness of the terms to which the beatitude is confined.

Jesus speaks about those who are hungering and thirsting after righteousness.

Upon no other desire does the blessing fall.

Again the prophet said, in Isaiah 55:2, Why do you spend money for what is not bread, And your wages for what does not satisfy? Listen carefully to Me, and eat what is good, And let your soul delight itself in abundance.

There is a bread that is not the Bread of Life and drink that does not satisfy.

Like a coin that has been in circulation for too long, the word righteousness has lost weight and value through years of misuse that it is almost too light and thin to convey Jesus’ meaning.

As Jesus used it, righteousness means a right standing before God, a right relationship with God through Christ.

Blessed are those who long to be right with God, for upon the atoning merits of Christ they shall be.

But to a Christian, righteousness should also mean what it meant to Christ, to do the will of the Father.

We are filled then the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us and when His Holy Spirit works the works of God through our lives.

The quality of the condition that is called blessed.

This beatitude describes a blessed process by which the soul grows to be like God.

We hunger and thirst.

We eat and drink and are satisfied, but in a matter of hours hunger and thirst return, and we repeat the process.

Blessed is the process of hungering and thirsting after righteousness and of being filled, for by this process we grow and develop as Christians.

Blessed is the one whose appetite for spiritual food and drink is growing, for they will be filled again and again.

Let’s consider three questions today about this beatitude.

1. Wherein are these blessed?

How are those hungering and thirsting after righteousness blessed?

Firstly, by the freeness of God’s invitation to be filled.

This is a steady message in the Bible.

Isaiah 55:1, “Ho! Everyone who thirsts, Come to the waters; And you who have no money, Come, buy and eat. Yes, come, buy wine and milk Without money and without price.

Jesus said in John 7:37, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink.

Other examples are found in John 4:4 and Revelation 22:17.

The intensity of our desire to be filled can never exceed the freeness of Jesus’ invitation to feed our souls on His righteousness, which is manna to the hungry heart, life and health, and peace.

Second, we are blessed in the bounty of God’s supply.

“They shall be filled” we are told.

As we grow in God’s grace, capacity enlarges, and hunger and thirst for righteousness intensify, but our desire can never exceed God’s resources.

Still He says, “My grace is sufficient.”

The third way we are blessed is in the certainty of the result.

“They shall be filled.”

Oh, the blessed certainty of the gospel.

This note runs throughout the Bible and shouts its way through the gospel’ pages.

John 6:37, All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out.

Paul gave this assurance in Romans 10:13, For “whoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved.”

John’s gospel preserves Christ’s picture not only of the initial experience of salvation, but also of the provision for the Christian that follows.

John 10:9, I am the door. If anyone enters by Me, he will be saved, and will go in and out and find pasture.

No hunger is too great, no thirst too deep.

They shall be filled.

2. Why are we blessed?

In our thinking, the pain of unsatisfied desire is not a happy condition.

But Jesus said it is, if that hunger and thirst are for righteousness.

Hunger and thirst are proof of spiritual life and health and vitality.

This is true in every realm.

In the realm of the mind.

A child asks questions because their mind is hungry, healthy, and growing.

In the realm of the physical.

An ordinary gum tree will draw up the specific amount of water it needs each day.

In the realm of the spiritual.

Above all, this is true of the hunger and thirst for righteousness.

To desire intently the things of the Spirit is a sign of spiritual life and vitality and health.

The person who wants to be vitally in touch with God wants spiritual food.

When no hunger and thirst for the things of God are apparent, there is cause for alarm.

Hunger and thirst are a means of spiritual growth.

When your child refuses to eat, you become alarmed, fearing the child is sick and not growing.

Likewise, in the spiritual realm, we become alarmed when we see that people are not partaking in the Word and other spiritual growth activities and therefore not growing spiritually.

On the other hand, how wonderful it is to watch a growing Christian hungering and thirsting after righteousness.

Hunger and thirst carry the promise of maturity.

Have you ever been a guest in a home and noticed marks on a doorframe with names and dates where the growth of a child was being measured?

As Christians we should be able to chart our spiritual growth.

In Philippians Paul called attention to his own growth chart, Philippians 3:13, Brethren, I do not count myself to have apprehended; but one thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind and reaching forward to those things which are ahead.

He was not satisfied, for he went on to say in Philippians 3:14, I press toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus.

The end and promise of the Christian life is maturity.

We reach maturity in Christ as we press on, as we hunger and thirst after righteousness and are filled.

3. When are these people blessed?

Blessed is the word of our beatitude, and matchless is the blessing, but when does it apply.

When shall those who hunger and thirst for righteousness be filled?

The answer is now, the blessing is for this life.

This blessing is subjective, within the heart and life now.

This is the blessedness of advancing toward maturity, the blessedness of having joy and peace in the mind and heart.

This blessing is also objective.

It is apparent to the world surrounding the Christian.

Those people of science and education and letters whose work has blessed the world are those whose hungry minds did not stop short of fulfilment.

They hungered and continued onward.

This is true also of Christians.

Those who have been the saving salt of the earth and the lights on a hill have been those whose hearts hungered and thirsted after God.

The answer is also hereafter.

Our idea of heaven as a place where all limitations will be removed is true.

The Bible teaches that.

But it also teaches that there will be growth in heaven and that our capacity to enjoy it will grow forever and ever.

Conclusion.

One description of heaven is as a banquet where it says in Matthew 8:11, And I say to you that many will come from east and west, and sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven.

Whatever else it means, here is certainly the suggestion that even then the divinely blessed alternation of hungering and thirsting and being filled shall go on and on.

Until next time

Stay in the Blessings

I really want to encourage you to be diligent with your Bible study time, because God has so much more for us than we can get from just going to church once or twice a week and hearing someone else talk about the Word.

When you spend time with God, your life will change in amazing ways, because God is a Redeemer. Theres nothing thats too hard for Him, and He can make you whole, spirit, soul and body!

You’re important to God, and you’re important to us at The Refinery.

When it comes to prayer, we believe that God wants to meet your needs and reveal His promises to you.

So whatever you’re concerned about and need prayer for we want to be here for you! Or even if you just want to say Hi, you can contact us at www.refinerylife.org

2024 IS A YEAR OF DECISIONS AND OPEN DOORS

© www.refinerylife.org  2013-2024 All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968, no part of this Article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission. 

This episode is brought to you by Refinery Life Australia:

If you enjoy The Refinery Life Radio Podcast you can help support The Refinery by doing the following:

Sow an offering: Bitcoin: bc1qqh6720t2zagj72dyfj348az698tdut3hlecaj4

Online: https://www.refinerylife.org/donate/

If you do send an offering then please email us so that we can say thank you

Subscribe on iTunes | Spotify  | YouTube | TuneIn | Rumble | Flare | Zap.Stream | Fountain |

Share The Refinery with your friends and family

Subscribe to the newsletter on www.refinerylife.org

Follow The Refinery on Twitter | Nostr | Instagram | Fountain |

@ 4523be58:ba1facd0

NIP-116

Event paths

Description

Event kind 30079 denotes an event defined by its event path rather than its event kind.

The event directory path is included in the event path, specified in the event's d tag. For example, an event path might be user/profile/name, where user/profile is the directory path.

Relays should parse the event directory from the event path d tag and index the event by it. Relays should support "directory listing" of kind 30079 events using the #f filter, such as {"#f": ["user/profile"]}.

For backward compatibility, the event directory should also be saved in the event's f tag (for "folder"), which is already indexed by some relay implementations, and can be queried using the #f filter.

Event content should be a JSON-encoded value. An empty object {} signifies that the entry at the event path is itself a directory. For example, when saving user/profile/name: Bob, you should also save user/profile: {} so the subdirectory can be listed under user.

In directory names, slashes should be escaped with a double slash.

Example

Event

json { "tags": [ ["d", "user/profile/name"], ["f", "user/profile"] ], "content": "\"Bob\"", "kind": 30079, ... }

Query

json { "#f": ["user/profile"], "authors": ["[pubkey]"] }

Motivation

To make Nostr an "everything app," we need a sustainable way to support new kinds of applications. Browsing Nostr data by human-readable nested directories and paths rather than obscure event kind numbers makes the data more manageable.

Numeric event kinds are not sustainable for the infinite number of potential applications. With numeric event kinds, developers need to find an unused number for each new application and announce it somewhere, which is cumbersome and not scalable.

Directories can also replace monolithic list events like follow lists or profile details. You can update a single directory entry such as user/profile/name or groups/follows/[pubkey] without causing an overwrite of the whole profile or follow list when your client is out-of-sync with the most recent list version, as often happens on Nostr.

Using d-tagged replaceable events for reactions, such as {tags: [["d", "reactions/[eventId]"]], content: "\"👍\"", kind: 30079, ...} would make un-reacting trivial: just publish a new event with the same d tag and an empty content. Toggling a reaction on and off would not cause a flurry of new reaction & delete events that all need to be persisted.

Implementations

• Relays that support tag-replaceable events and indexing by arbitrary tags (in this case f) already support this feature.
• IrisDB client side library: treelike data structure with subscribable nodes.

https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1266

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Description: 17mm (19mm. w/crown) Cal. 1748 Manual wind 17 jewel tudor swiss movement Gold colored case, bezel w. silver dial w. gold hour markers and hands Speidel 6" gold colored band could use a cleaning

CONDITION Dial excellent Crystal excellent Hands excellent Markers excellent Case Stains on the side of the crown some use marks on other side overall a pretty good looking Rolex Tudor with normal use wear for its age

I tracked the watch for a half hour and it kept time I don't make any guarantees beyond that due to its age and unknown history You may want to service the watch to get more out of it for a daily wear $500 usd in Sats of course

Ping @f63272cbac for info and shipping details

@ 8f69ac99:4f92f5fd

Recently the UFC star Renato Moicano urged fans to read Mises 6 Lessons, and praised private property and the Austrian economist teachings. What are exactly the 6 Lessons?

"Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow" consists of a series of six lectures delivered by Ludwig von Mises in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1959. The lectures were given over a series of nights to audiences comprising businessmen, students, and other professionals interested in economic theories and policies. These lectures encapsulate Mises’s robust defense of free-market economics and critique of interventionist and socialist policies, distilled into accessible and persuasive discourses aimed at a general audience, not just academics.

The lectures were later compiled and published into a book by Mises’s wife, Margit von Mises. Margit played a pivotal role in preserving and promoting her husband's legacy, particularly after his death. She not only managed his papers but also ensured that his lectures and unpublished works were accessible to the public. Her efforts were instrumental in compiling these lectures into the book format, making Mises's ideas available to a broader audience beyond those who were able to attend the lectures in person.

Margit von Mises’s contribution to the preservation and dissemination of Ludwig’s work was crucial, especially considering the contextual and historical importance of these lectures. The book not only serves as a record of Mises's thought processes at that time but also provides insights into the practical applications of his economic philosophies against the backdrop of the global economic conditions of the mid-20th century.

Significance and Impact

The publication of these lectures in book form has significantly impacted the field of economics, particularly among proponents of the Austrian School of economic thought, of which Mises was a leading figure. By addressing complex economic issues in a straightforward manner, Mises made the principles of the Austrian School accessible to a wider audience, enhancing the understanding and appreciation of market mechanisms and individual-based economics.

Contemporary Relevance

Today, "Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow" remains a relevant and influential work. It is often cited in discussions around economic policies, especially in debates concerning the merits and drawbacks of capitalism versus more controlled economic systems. The book serves as both a historical document and a continuing source of economic philosophy that champions individual liberty and free-market principles.

Lecture 1: Capitalism

This lecture articulates a compelling defense of capitalism, which Mises defines as a system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, voluntary exchange, and competition. This perspective builds on his foundational work in "Human Action," where he conducts a thorough analysis of human action and its pivotal role in shaping economic systems. Mises champions capitalism as the optimal framework for individuals to freely pursue their personal and economic interests, unimpeded by government intervention or coercion.

Mises argues that capitalism's foremost advantage is its propensity to drive economic growth. By nurturing an environment ripe for voluntary exchange and competition, capitalism serves as a catalyst for innovation and entrepreneurship. This, in turn, leads to heightened productivity and economic expansion. Moreover, capitalism bolsters individual freedom and autonomy, empowering people to chase their aspirations without state interference.

Nevertheless, Mises acknowledges and addresses several criticisms of capitalism. For instance, in response to claims that capitalism engenders inequality, he argues that differences in intelligence, talent, and effort are inherent to humanity. He contends that efforts to equalize outcomes are misguided and instead advocates for policies that foster economic growth and mobility, enabling individuals to advance through their own endeavors.

Mises also rebuts the notion that capitalism perpetuates exploitation, where the wealthy allegedly exploit the poor. He maintains that voluntary exchange is mutually consensual and that market prices genuinely reflect the value consumers place on goods and services. This viewpoint fundamentally contradicts the idea that capitalists exploit workers, instead underscoring the reciprocal benefits of exchange.

Furthermore, Mises addresses concerns that capitalism inherently leads to monopolies, which could stymie competition and innovation. He argues that fostering competition through deregulation and the protection of property rights can enable new entrants to challenge established firms and spur innovation.

In conclusion, Mises's work robustly defends capitalism, highlighting its capacity to stimulate economic growth and promote individual liberty. As we delve deeper into the Austrian School's principles, we'll further explore human action, economics, and government's role in economic outcomes. By examining Mises's responses to criticisms of capitalism, we gain a deeper appreciation for this economic system's advantages and the critical need to curtail government intervention in the economy.

Lecture 2: Socialism

In this lecture, Ludwig von Mises offers a rigorous critique of socialism, an economic system where private ownership of the means of production is replaced by state or collective ownership. Mises argues that socialism, despite its goal of achieving social equality through wealth redistribution, invariably leads to numerous inefficiencies and issues.

Key Failures of Socialist Systems:

• Lack of Incentives: Mises points out that without the motivations provided by private ownership and profit potential, individuals have little impetus to innovate or improve efficiency. This lack of personal stake in the outcomes can lead to stagnation and a decline in productivity.
• Problems with Central Planning: Central planning, a common feature of socialist economies, often results in resource misallocation. Planners lack the localized knowledge that market signals provide, leading to inefficient production processes and general productivity declines.
• Suppression of Freedom: Socialism’s elimination of private property and market mechanisms not only undermines individual autonomy but also limits personal freedom, as economic choices become heavily regulated by the state.

Historical Evidence

Mises utilizes historical examples to substantiate his critique. He references the economic hardships faced by the Soviet Union under socialist governance, which were characterized by widespread inefficiencies and shortages. He also critiques the nationalization efforts in European countries during World War II, which he argues led to economic stagnation and reduced growth.

Bureaucratic Inefficiencies

According to Mises, socialism’s focus on collective ownership and central planning results in excessive bureaucracy, which can hinder decision-making and innovation. The focus on meeting arbitrary production targets, rather than responding to market demands, often results in outdated or inefficient production processes.

Through his critique of socialism, Mises underscores the critical importance of private property, individual freedom, and market mechanisms in fostering economic prosperity and human development. By examining the theoretical underpinnings, criticisms, and empirical failures of socialism, we gain a clearer understanding of the potential pitfalls of collectivist economic systems and the benefits of limiting governmental control over the economy.

Contrasting Capitalism:

Mises contrasts these issues with the benefits of capitalism, as outlined in his previous lecture, emphasizing that the freedoms and efficiencies inherent in a market economy lead to better outcomes for individual and societal wealth and well-being. As we continue to explore the Austrian School's ideas, the principles of human action, economics, and the minimal role of government in economic affairs become increasingly evident, highlighting the advantages of individual freedom and market-based mechanisms in promoting economic prosperity and human flourishing.

Lecture 3: Interventionism

In this lecture, Mises explains interventionism as an economic system where the government oversteps its essential roles—protecting property and preventing fraud—to meddle in market operations like prices, wages, interest rates, and profits. According to Mises, this approach is deeply flawed, forcing entrepreneurs to make decisions that deviate from those they would choose in a market governed solely by consumer preferences.

Consequences of Interventionism:

Mises outlines several detrimental effects of interventionism on the economy:

• Economic Instability: Government manipulation of the money supply and credit can lead to inflation, which undermines the value of money and creates economic cycles of booms and busts. These cycles disrupt business planning and investment, as companies cannot predict future economic conditions reliably.
• Stifled Innovation: By restricting market forces, interventionism curtails individual creativity and innovation. When the government dictates economic actions, it reduces the incentive for businesses to innovate and respond agilely to market demands.
• Inefficiency and Waste: Interventionist policies often lead to misallocated resources and inefficiencies in production. Government planners lack the localized knowledge that entrepreneurs and markets naturally use to allocate resources most effectively.

Historical Examples:

Mises uses specific historical instances to illustrate his points:

• He cites the interventionist policies of the 1920s and 1930s, such as the Federal Reserve’s monetary policies and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, as exacerbating the Great Depression.
• He references Germany's hyperinflation after World War I, triggered by excessive government spending and money creation, as a stark warning of interventionism's risks.

Through this critique, Mises underscores the necessity of limiting government intervention and allowing free-market mechanisms to operate. He posits that the health of an economy and the prosperity of its society hinge on the extent to which free markets are permitted to function without government interference.

Mises's insights into the dangers of interventionism are profoundly relevant today. By understanding these pitfalls, we can appreciate the virtues of a market economy and recognize the importance of restraining governmental overreach in economic affairs.

Lecture 4: Inflation

In this lecture, Mises offers a comprehensive exploration of inflation, identifying it as a primarily monetary phenomenon with profound economic and societal impacts. He asserts that the central cause of inflation is the excessive expansion of the money supply by central banks, which introduces new purchasing power into the economy that is not matched by an increase in production. This discrepancy leads to price increases as consumers rush to spend their new wealth.

Mises also points out additional contributors to inflation, such as excessive government spending, borrowing, and expansionary fiscal policies like tax cuts or increased government expenditures. These actions can further stimulate demand and exacerbate price rises, leading to inflation.

The ramifications of inflation, according to Mises, are severe and far-reaching. It undermines the value of savings, complicating individuals’ financial planning and goal achievement. Inflation also injects uncertainty into economic planning, making it challenging for businesses to make informed investment decisions as future prices become unpredictable. Additionally, inflation can distort resource allocation, prompting individuals and businesses to prioritize short-term gains over long-term productivity.

To combat inflation, Mises recommends several measures:

• Monetary Discipline: Central banks should exercise restraint and avoid excessive expansion of the money supply.
• Gold Standard: Adopting a gold standard could restrict central banks' ability to print money indiscriminately, thus controlling inflation.
• Fiscal Responsibility: Governments need to curtail their spending to prevent fueling inflation further.
• Indexation of Wages and Contracts: Implementing mechanisms that adjust wages and contracts to reflect inflation can help mitigate its impacts.

In conclusion, Mises's discussion on inflation underscores the necessity of maintaining monetary discipline and embracing sound fiscal policies to ensure economic stability. His recommendations aim to shield economies from the disruptive effects of inflation and emphasize the importance of a stable currency in fostering economic prosperity.

Lecture 5: Foreign Investment

In this lecture, Ludwig von Mises emphasizes the crucial role of foreign investment in stimulating economic growth and development. He views foreign investment as an essential means of bringing in new technologies, management expertise, and capital, which collectively can enhance local industries and propel economic expansion.

Mises argues that host countries reap significant benefits from foreign investment. These include access to cutting-edge technologies and management practices that can boost productivity and competitiveness. Additionally, the influx of capital from foreign investors helps to create jobs, stimulate local industries, and accelerate economic growth.

To maximize the benefits of foreign investment, Mises advocates for a set of policies centered on economic liberalization and minimal governmental interference. He champions free trade as a mechanism for allowing goods and services to move across borders unimpeded, which fosters specialization and increases efficiency. Capital freedom is also critical, according to Mises, as it permits investors to pursue the most profitable opportunities, thus optimizing resource allocation. Moreover, he stresses the importance of robust property rights to ensure that foreign investors are neither expropriated nor burdened by arbitrary regulations.

Mises's analysis also touches on the potential drawbacks of poorly managed foreign investment, such as overdependence on external capital and the possible erosion of local industries. However, he maintains that these risks can be mitigated through wise policy choices that prioritize economic freedom and a welcoming business environment.

In conclusion, Mises's lecture on foreign investment underscores its importance as a driver of economic growth and an enhancer of competitiveness in the global market. By adopting policies that encourage free trade, capital mobility, and strong property rights, countries can effectively harness the potential of foreign investment to improve their economic standing and the quality of life for their citizens. As we continue exploring the Austrian School's ideas, we appreciate more deeply the profound impact of liberal economic policies on fostering prosperity and development.

Lecture 6: Policies and Ideas

In this concluding lecture, Ludwig von Mises synthesizes the core principles of his economic philosophy, consistently advocating for a laissez-faire approach. He emphasizes the primacy of individual freedom and market mechanisms in guiding efficient resource allocation and economic stability.

Mises firmly opposes interventionism, which he views as a precursor to economic instability and inefficiency. Instead, he champions monetary discipline and a gold standard to prevent inflation and promote stability. His advocacy extends to free trade and the staunch protection of property rights, which he argues are indispensable for fostering economic growth and development.

Central to Mises's discourse is the impact of ideas and ideology on economic policy. He warns that economic policies are often shaped more by ideological predispositions than by empirical evidence. He posits that the propagation of flawed ideas can lead to dire economic outcomes, whereas sound ideas can significantly enhance economic prosperity.

Looking ahead, Mises envisions a global economy liberated from excessive government intervention, where free markets are the primary drivers of resource allocation. He calls for the reinstatement of the gold standard to curtail monetary manipulation and advocates for unfettered international trade. Above all, Mises underscores the importance of upholding individual freedoms and minimal governmental interference in economic activities.

Through this lecture, Mises articulates a clear vision for future economic policies rooted in classical liberal principles. His teachings emphasize the enduring importance of individual liberty, market efficiency, and minimal state intervention, providing a cogent blueprint for economic liberalization and the safeguarding of personal and economic freedoms.

Conclusion

Through his influential lectures compiled in "Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow," Ludwig von Mises provides a rigorous exploration of economic principles, offering a profound case for the importance of individual freedom, market dynamics, and minimal government intervention. His insights continue to resonate, shaping modern economic policy and classical liberal thought.

Economic Methodology: In his first lecture, Mises stresses the importance of logical reasoning and real-world evidence over abstract mathematical models, which he believes often fail to capture the nuances of economic behavior. His emphasis on theoretical frameworks and conceptual analysis seeks to ground economic thinking in reality rather than in idealized equations.

Human Action: The concept of human action, introduced in the second lecture, forms the cornerstone of Austrian economics. Mises argues that economics is fundamentally about individuals acting out of self-interest, making decisions independently of government or collective market forces. This perspective underscores the significance of personal autonomy and voluntary exchanges in a healthy economy.

Market Process: In discussing the market process, Mises highlights how entrepreneurial spirit and competition are critical for innovation and economic development. The dynamic adjustment of prices in response to supply and demand signals facilitates this process, driving societal advancements and increased welfare.

Inflation: The fourth lecture deals with inflation, which Mises identifies as a destructive outcome of central banks' interference in the money supply. He vividly illustrates how inflation undermines savings, fosters uncertainty, and results in the poor allocation of resources, contributing to broader economic malaise.

Foreign Investment: Mises champions foreign investment as a catalyst for economic progress in his fifth lecture. By advocating for open trade and minimal regulatory barriers, he underscores how international capital flows can bring about technological advancement, management expertise, and overall economic growth.

Policies and Ideas: Finally, Mises delves into the profound impact of ideological underpinnings on economic policy. He promotes a laissez-faire economic policy, arguing vigorously against interventionism and in favor of policies that protect individual liberties and foster market-led resource allocation.

In summary, Mises's lectures articulate a compelling vision for economic policy that privileges individual agency, market processes, and a restrained role for government. His work not only critiques prevalent economic systems like socialism and interventionism but also lays a robust intellectual foundation for advocating free markets and individual rights. As we continue to face economic and political challenges today, the timeless relevance of Mises's ideas offers valuable insights into fostering environments that encourage economic stability, growth, and human flourishing.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

Does Bitcoin have a high degree of volatility? What factors go into determining volatility? What gives individuals with diamond hands the conviction to say "no," while those with a fiat mentality say "yes" with such conviction? Which one is right? Is it only a matter of finding common ground to disagree, or are these apparently contradictory claims actually capable of being true at the same time?

The Special Theory of Relativity

Einstein proposed a thought experiment to help explain the discrepancy in elapsed time between two clocks. Imagine two observers: one riding the train as a passenger and the other watching from the station platform. A passenger on the train witnesses two separate lightning strikes, one at the front of the carriage and the other in the back. A witness on the adjoining platform saw both the front and back of the train get hit by a bolt at the same moment. While one passenger on the train insists that the frontal strike preceded the rearward one, an observer reports that both strikes occurred at the same time.

Whose viewpoint is more reliable? Do they need to choose? Since each perspective has its own context, in Einstein's view, they are both correct.

This observation inspired Einstein to develop his special theory of relativity, which states that observers in various reference frames must form distinct subjective impressions of the simultaneity of events. Having a new frame of reference alters how one looks at things. Although this is a simplification and a limited perspective on a much bigger issue, it will do for the purpose of illustrating the divergent views on bitcoin's volatility.

Bitcoin is not volatile.

People complain that the price of bitcoin fluctuates too much, but as Einstein predicted, your perspective determines your reality.

Let's imagine Bitcoin users are commuters on a train. Because of how this technology works, our speed is always the same. One bitcoin is equivalent to one bitcoin under this protocol. A supply cap of 21 million can attest to its rarity. We get how a trustless and permissionless peer-to-peer system is guaranteed by the absence of trusted third parties or a central authority. As far as we can tell, a whale has no more influence over the ledger's control than a shrimp. Because of this familiarity, we are able to say, "Tick tock, next block," with confidence, knowing that blocks will continue to be generated around every ten minutes for the next two weeks.

Nothing here suggests instability; just the contrary. Everything here points to continuity and to the reliability of the network as a whole. A stable and safe system of value transfer over place and time is referenced, which testifies to our rooted worldview. Those of us riding the Bitcoin train may now more confidently base our financial decisions on a firm grasp of the system's underlying principles. Bitcoin users are able to have a low time preference in part because we are not as vulnerable to the distortions generated by less volatile systems, which leads to erratic economic behaviour. In other words, the protocol's predictability sustains a low time preference.

Bitcoin is volatile.

People complain that the price of bitcoin fluctuates too much, but as Einstein predicted, your perspective determines your reality.

For those on the outside looking in, it's obvious that bitcoin is highly unstable. The asset itself (the BTC/USD exchange rate, more particularly) serves as their primary reference point, rather than the network as a whole. One's perspective is skewed when the dollar's supply is subject to dramatic swings and the cost of capital is routinely manipulated, and when other currencies with similar flaws try to escape hyperinflation at the same time.

Here we see the practical application of Wittgenstein's Ruler, which asserts, "Unless you have faith in the ruler's dependability, if you use a ruler to measure a table, you may also be using the table to measure the ruler."

People whose currency of choice is the fiat variety have a muddled understanding of bitcoin as an asset because of the context in which they are viewing it.

Worse, this perceived instability discourages bystanders from investigating Bitcoin's underlying network further. They want to stick with what they know. They don't want to put in the effort to figure out why their made-up system isn't working. "Perhaps the greatest hurdle for people understanding Bitcoin is bringing their baggage from how the monetary system operates today and in the past versus how it will work in the future," says Jeff Booth.

With so much false information floating around, participants on the fiat system's merry-go-round are kept from seeing the big picture. They know that the fate of their money (in its various guises as a store of value, medium of exchange, and unit of account) could change once every four years, coinciding with presidential elections. They've been taught to assume that a select few elites "know best" how to steer an economy's expansion (while ignoring those elites' intrinsic motivations). They don't seem to care that the currency they have to use has lost 99 percent of its value since it was introduced.

That latter bit encourages those participating in the fiat system to put a premium on time, as they know their efforts will lose purchasing power over the long run. When faced with a choice between a volatile alternative asset that requires a low time preference and a great deal of effort to understand and a new, gizmo gadget that provides endless dopamine dumps, the person's perspective shifts and they are less likely to make wise economic decisions.I can see how it would be a no-brainer for them to do that.

The Theory of Monetary Relativity

People complain that the price of bitcoin fluctuates too much, but as Einstein predicted, your perspective determines your reality.

All of this may be summed up as follows: Bitcoiners derive volatility from the reference of the Bitcoin network and protocol, while proponents of fiat currencies derive volatility from the Bitcoin asset itself.

Bitcoin, according to Gigi, is not a volatile asset. Those of us who are humans As a result, we need to shift the focus away from the asset and back onto the underlying infrastructure, namely the network and the protocols that govern it. Human nature, not Bitcoin's network or protocol, is to blame for the asset's continued volatility (to the positive over the long term).

Conclusion

Supply and demand, investor and user emotion, governmental laws, and media excitement all play a role in the ups and downs of Bitcoin's price. The combination of these causes price fluctuations. The future value of Bitcoin is a common topic of discussion among cryptocurrency investors and enthusiasts, and it is rare to watch cryptocurrency news without hearing a prediction about the future value of Bitcoin. The future value of crypto is a mystery, and it is difficult to predict whether it will rise or fall. There are cryptocurrency exchanges like Coinbase that are authorised by the government where you can purchase Bitcoin. Bitcoin's price is extremely volatile, so it's not a good option for those who want to invest in it in the hopes of securing or increasing their wealth, since they run just as much risk of losing their entire investment as they do of seeing any rewards.

FAQs

How come Bitcoin fluctuates so much? There are cryptocurrency exchanges like Coinbase that are authorised by the government where you can purchase Bitcoin. Bitcoin's price is extremely volatile, so it can't be relied on to either protect or develop your wealth. You stand as good a chance of losing your entire investment as you do of seeing any gains.

Is Bitcoin more volatile than stock markets? Bitcoin and stocks both stand to benefit from a 2% daily drop in the U.S. dollar index, but BTC's volatility is significantly lower than that of the other major cryptocurrencies.

How come the price of Bitcoin is always changing? Lack of confidence in bitcoin's legitimacy as either a currency or a store of value causes its price to fluctuate. Because, after all, it's unpredictable. How Bitcoin is being used, as well as unethical trading techniques on cryptocurrency exchanges, can contribute to its volatile price.

A loss of value for Bitcoin is possible. Bitcoin's complete lack of value is confirmed by the stock market in its own unique way. Experts in the field of fictional capital place a premium on this characteristic's total lack of limits. So they use the digital currency's "promise of payment" as a basis for valueless speculation.

That's all for today

If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com

X: @croxroadnews

Instagram: @croxroadnews.co

Youtube: @croxroadnews

Store: https://croxroad.store

Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter

https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe

DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 88cc134b:5ae99079

This is just a test of how a long form would look like. A need a new note, some old stuff I can find doesn't do it for me.

So here I am typing away... I apologize for the spamming and bad grammar, if there is any. The problem with not being good at English grammar and spelling is that you are unaware of the mistakes you make until someone points them out to you. By which time it's too late.

One good thing about the editor I'm typing this in is that it seems to have a grammar check, which is cool.

Well, I won't keep you any longer, after all this was just a test.

Bye!

@ 8f69ac99:4f92f5fd

Recentemente, a estrela do UFC Renato Moicano instou os fãs a lerem as "6 Lições" de Mises e elogiou a propriedade privada e os ensinamentos do economista austríaco. Mas o que são exatamente as 6 Lições?

"Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow" consiste numa série de seis palestras proferidas por Ludwig von Mises em Buenos Aires, Argentina, em 1959. As palestras foram realizadas ao longo de várias noites para audiências compostas por empresários, estudantes e outros profissionais interessados em teorias e políticas económicas. Estas palestras encapsulam a defesa robusta que Mises faz da economia de mercado livre e a crítica às políticas intervencionistas e socialistas, condensadas em discursos acessíveis e persuasivos, destinados a um público geral, não apenas académicos.

As palestras foram posteriormente compiladas e publicadas em forma de livro pela esposa de Mises, Margit von Mises. Margit desempenhou um papel crucial na preservação e promoção do legado do seu marido, particularmente após a sua morte. Ela não só geriu os seus papéis, mas também garantiu que suas palestras e trabalhos não publicados fossem acessíveis ao público. Os seus esforços foram fundamentais na compilação destas palestras em formato de livro, tornando as ideias de Mises disponíveis para um público mais amplo, para além daqueles que puderam assistir às palestras pessoalmente.

A contribuição de Margit von Mises para a preservação e disseminação do trabalho de Ludwig foi crucial, especialmente considerando a importância contextual e histórica destas palestras. O livro não só serve como um registro dos processos de pensamento de Mises naquela época, mas também fornece insights sobre as aplicações práticas das suas filosofias económicas no contexto das condições económicas globais de meados do século XX.

Significado e Impacto

A publicação destas palestras em forma de livro teve um impacto significativo no campo da economia, particularmente entre os proponentes da Escola Austríaca de pensamento económico, da qual Mises era uma figura proeminente. Ao abordar questões económicas complexas de maneira direta, Mises tornou os princípios da Escola Austríaca acessíveis a um público mais amplo, melhorando a compreensão e apreciação dos mecanismos de mercado e da economia baseada no indivíduo.

Relevância Contemporânea

Hoje, "Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow" continua a ser uma obra relevante e influente. É frequentemente citada em discussões sobre políticas económicas, especialmente em debates sobre os méritos e desvantagens do capitalismo versus sistemas económicos mais controlados. O livro serve tanto como um documento histórico quanto uma fonte contínua de filosofia económica que defende a liberdade individual e os princípios do mercado livre.

Palestra 1: Capitalismo

Esta palestra articula uma defesa convincente do capitalismo, que Mises define como um sistema caracterizado pela propriedade privada dos meios de produção, troca voluntária e competição. Esta perspectiva baseia-se no seu trabalho fundamental "Ação Humana", onde realiza uma análise minuciosa da ação humana e do seu papel crucial na formação dos sistemas económicos. Mises defende o capitalismo como a estrutura ideal para os indivíduos perseguirem livremente seus interesses pessoais e económicos, sem impedimentos por intervenção governamental ou coerção.

Mises argumenta que a principal vantagem do capitalismo é a sua propensão para impulsionar o crescimento económico. Ao nutrir um ambiente propício para a troca voluntária e competição, o capitalismo atua como um catalisador para a inovação e o empreendedorismo. Isso, por sua vez, leva a uma maior produtividade e expansão económica. Além disso, o capitalismo reforça a liberdade e autonomia individual, capacitando as pessoas a perseguir suas aspirações sem interferência estatal.

Sabe que a população deste planeta é hoje dez vezes maior do que nos períodos anteriores ao capitalismo? Sabe que todos os homens desfrutam hoje de um padrão de vida mais elevado do que o dos seus antepassados antes do advento do capitalismo? E como pode ter a certeza de que, se não fosse o capitalismo, estaria entre a décima parte da população que sobrevivia? A sua mera existência é uma prova do sucesso do capitalismo, seja qual for o valor que atribua à própria vida.

No entanto, Mises reconhece e aborda várias críticas ao capitalismo. Por exemplo, em resposta às afirmações de que o capitalismo gera desigualdade, ele argumenta que as diferenças de inteligência, talento e esforço são inerentes à humanidade. Ele defende que os esforços para igualar os resultados são equivocados e, em vez disso, advoga por políticas que promovam o crescimento económico e a mobilidade, permitindo que os indivíduos avancem por seus próprios esforços.

Mises também refuta a noção de que o capitalismo perpetua a exploração, onde os ricos supostamente exploram os pobres. Ele sustenta que a troca voluntária é mutuamente consensual e que os preços de mercado refletem verdadeiramente o valor que os consumidores atribuem aos bens e serviços. Esta visão contradiz fundamentalmente a ideia de que os capitalistas exploram os trabalhadores, sublinhando, em vez disso, os benefícios recíprocos da troca.

Hoje, nos países capitalistas, há relativamente pouca diferença entre a vida básica das chamadas classes mais altas e a das mais baixas: ambas têm alimento, roupa e abrigo. Mas no século XVIII, e nos séculos que o precederam, o que distinguia o homem da classe média do homem da classe baixa era o facto de o primeiro ter sapatos, e o segundo, não.

Além disso, Mises aborda preocupações de que o capitalismo leva inerentemente a monopólios, que poderiam estagnar a competição e a inovação. Ele argumenta que fomentar a competição através da desregulamentação e da proteção dos direitos de propriedade pode permitir que novos participantes desafiem as empresas estabelecidas e estimulem a inovação.

Em conclusão, o trabalho de Mises defende robustamente o capitalismo, destacando a sua capacidade de estimular o crescimento económico e promover a liberdade individual. Ao aprofundarmos nos princípios da Escola Austríaca, exploraremos ainda mais a ação humana, a economia e o papel do governo nos resultados económicos. Ao examinar as respostas de Mises às críticas ao capitalismo, ganhamos uma maior apreciação pelas vantagens deste sistema económico e pela necessidade crítica de limitar a intervenção governamental na economia.

Palestra 2: Socialismo

Nesta palestra, Ludwig von Mises oferece uma crítica rigorosa ao socialismo, um sistema económico onde a propriedade privada dos meios de produção é substituída pela propriedade estatal ou coletiva. Mises argumenta que o socialismo, apesar do seu objetivo de alcançar a igualdade social através da redistribuição de riqueza, invariavelmente leva a inúmeras ineficiências e problemas.

Principais Falhas dos Sistemas Socialistas:

• Falta de Incentivos: Mises aponta que, sem as motivações fornecidas pela propriedade privada e pelo potencial de lucro, os indivíduos têm pouco impulso para inovar ou melhorar a eficiência. Esta falta de interesse pessoal nos resultados pode levar à estagnação e à diminuição da produtividade.
• Problemas com o Planeamento Central: O planeamento central, uma característica comum das economias socialistas, muitas vezes resulta em má alocação de recursos. Os planejadores carecem do conhecimento localizado que os sinais de mercado fornecem, levando a processos de produção ineficientes e declínios gerais na produtividade.
• Supressão da Liberdade: A eliminação do socialismo da propriedade privada e dos mecanismos de mercado não só compromete a autonomia individual, mas também limita a liberdade pessoal, uma vez que as escolhas económicas passam a ser fortemente reguladas pelo estado.

Um sinónimo de socialismo e comunismo é "planeamento". Quando falam de "planeamento", as pessoas referem-se, evidentemente, a um planeamento central, o que significa um plano único, feito pelo governo — um plano que impede todo o planeamento feito por outra pessoa.

Evidência Histórica:

Mises utiliza exemplos históricos para fundamentar sua crítica. Ele refere as dificuldades económicas enfrentadas pela União Soviética sob a governança socialista, que foram caracterizadas por ineficiências generalizadas e escassez. Ele também critica os esforços de nacionalização em países europeus durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, que, segundo ele, levaram à estagnação económica e ao crescimento reduzido.

Ineficiências Burocráticas:

Segundo Mises, o foco do socialismo na propriedade coletiva e no planeamento central resulta em excessiva burocracia, que pode impedir a tomada de decisões e a inovação. O foco em atingir metas de produção arbitrárias, em vez de responder às demandas do mercado, muitas vezes resulta em processos de produção desatualizados ou ineficientes.

Por meio de sua crítica ao socialismo, Mises sublinha a importância crítica da propriedade privada, da liberdade individual e dos mecanismos de mercado na promoção da prosperidade económica e do desenvolvimento humano. Ao examinar os fundamentos teóricos, as críticas e os fracassos empíricos do socialismo, obtemos uma compreensão mais clara dos potenciais perigos dos sistemas económicos coletivistas e dos benefícios de limitar o controle governamental sobre a economia.

Contrastando com o Capitalismo:

Mises contrasta esses problemas com os benefícios do capitalismo, como delineado em sua palestra anterior, enfatizando que as liberdades e eficiências inerentes a uma economia de mercado levam a melhores resultados para a riqueza e o bem-estar individuais e sociais. À medida que continuamos a explorar as ideias da Escola Austríaca, os princípios da ação humana, da economia e do papel mínimo do governo nos assuntos económicos tornam-se cada vez mais evidentes, destacando as vantagens da liberdade individual e dos mecanismos baseados no mercado na promoção da prosperidade económica e do florescimento humano.

Ao sair de uma loja nos Estados Unidos, é comum vermos um cartaz com os seguintes dizeres: “Gratos pela preferência. Volte sempre”. Mas ao entrarmos numa loja de um país totalitário — seja a Rússia de hoje, seja a Alemanha de Hitler —, o gerente dir-nos-á: “Agradeça ao grande líder, que lhe está a proporcionar isto.” Nos países socialistas, em vez de ser o vendedor, é o comprador que deve ficar agradecido. Não é o cidadão que manda; quem manda é o Comité Central, o Gabinete Central. Estes comités, os líderes, os ditadores, são supremos; ao povo cabe simplesmente obedecer-lhes.

Palestra 3: Intervencionismo

Nesta palestra, Mises explica o intervencionismo como um sistema económico onde o governo ultrapassa as suas funções essenciais — proteger a propriedade e prevenir fraudes — para interferir nas operações de mercado como preços, salários, taxas de juro e lucros. Segundo Mises, esta abordagem é profundamente falha, forçando os empresários a tomar decisões que se desviam daquelas que escolheriam num mercado regido exclusivamente pelas preferências dos consumidores.

Tem [o governo] o dever de proteger as pessoas dentro do país contra as investidas violentas e fraudulentas de bandidos, bem como de defender o país contra inimigos externos. São estas as funções do governo num sistema livre, no sistema da economia de mercado.

Consequências do Intervencionismo: Mises destaca vários efeitos prejudiciais do intervencionismo na economia:

• Instabilidade Económica: A manipulação governamental da oferta monetária e do crédito pode levar à inflação, que mina o valor do dinheiro e cria ciclos económicos de altos e baixos. Estes ciclos perturbam o planeamento empresarial e o investimento, pois as empresas não conseguem prever as condições económicas futuras de forma fiável.
• Inovação Refreada: Ao restringir as forças de mercado, o intervencionismo limita a criatividade individual e a inovação. Quando o governo dita ações económicas, reduz o incentivo para que as empresas inovem e respondam de forma ágil às demandas do mercado.
• Ineficiência e Desperdício: As políticas intervencionistas muitas vezes levam ao desalocamento de recursos e a ineficiências na produção. Os planejadores governamentais carecem do conhecimento localizado que os empresários e os mercados naturalmente utilizam para alocar recursos de maneira mais eficaz.

Exemplos Históricos: Mises usa casos históricos específicos para ilustrar seus pontos:

• Ele cita as políticas intervencionistas dos anos 1920 e 1930, como as políticas monetárias do Federal Reserve e o Ato Tarifário Smoot-Hawley, como exacerbando a Grande Depressão.
• Ele faz referência à hiperinflação da Alemanha após a Primeira Guerra Mundial, desencadeada pelo excessivo gasto governamental e criação de dinheiro, como um aviso severo dos riscos do intervencionismo.

Por meio desta crítica, Mises sublinha a necessidade de limitar a intervenção governamental e permitir que os mecanismos de mercado livre operem. Ele postula que a saúde de uma economia e a prosperidade da sua sociedade dependem do grau em que os mercados livres são permitidos funcionar sem interferência governamental.

O intervencionismo significa que o governo não só falha em proteger o funcionamento harmonioso da economia de mercado, mas também interfere em vários fenómenos de mercado: interfere nos preços, nos padrões salariais, nas taxas de juro e de lucro.

As percepções de Mises sobre os perigos do intervencionismo são profundamente relevantes hoje. Ao entender essas armadilhas, podemos apreciar as virtudes de uma economia de mercado e reconhecer a importância de restringir o alcance governamental nos assuntos económicos.

Palestra 4: Inflação

Nesta palestra, Mises oferece uma exploração abrangente da inflação, identificando-a como um fenómeno monetário primário com impactos económicos e sociais profundos. Ele afirma que a causa central da inflação é a expansão excessiva da oferta monetária pelos bancos centrais, que introduz novo poder de compra na economia que não é acompanhado por um aumento na produção. Essa discrepância leva a aumentos de preços à medida que os consumidores correm para gastar sua nova riqueza.

[...] se a quantidade de dinheiro aumenta, o poder de compra da unidade monetária diminui, e a quantidade de bens que pode ser adquirida com uma unidade desse dinheiro também se reduz.

Mises também aponta contribuintes adicionais para a inflação, tais como gastos governamentais excessivos, endividamento e políticas fiscais expansionistas como cortes de impostos ou aumento dos gastos governamentais. Essas ações podem estimular ainda mais a demanda e exacerbar os aumentos de preços, levando à inflação.

As ramificações da inflação, segundo Mises, são severas e de amplo alcance. Ela mina o valor das poupanças, complicando o planeamento financeiro e a realização de objetivos individuais. A inflação também injeta incerteza no planeamento económico, tornando desafiador para as empresas tomar decisões de investimento informadas, pois os preços futuros tornam-se imprevisíveis. Adicionalmente, a inflação pode distorcer a alocação de recursos, levando indivíduos e empresas a priorizar ganhos de curto prazo em detrimento da produtividade a longo prazo.

Para combater a inflação, Mises recomenda várias medidas:

• Disciplina Monetária: Os bancos centrais devem exercer contenção e evitar a expansão excessiva da oferta monetária.
• Padrão Ouro: A adoção de um padrão ouro poderia restringir a capacidade dos bancos centrais de imprimir dinheiro indiscriminadamente, controlando assim a inflação.
• Responsabilidade Fiscal: Os governos precisam reduzir seus gastos para evitar alimentar ainda mais a inflação.
• Indexação de Salários e Contratos: Implementar mecanismos que ajustem salários e contratos para refletir a inflação pode ajudar a mitigar seus impactos.

O governo pode considerar que, como método de arrecadar fundos, a inflação é melhor que a tributação: esta é sempre impopular e de difícil execução. Em muitas nações grandes e ricas, os legisladores muitas vezes discutiram, por meses a fio, várias modalidades de novos impostos, tornados necessários em decorrência de um aumento de gastos decidido pelo parlamento. Após discutir inúmeros métodos de angariar dinheiro por meio da tributação, finalmente chegaram à conclusão de que talvez o melhor fosse obtê-lo através da inflação.

Em conclusão, a discussão de Mises sobre inflação sublinha a necessidade de manter a disciplina monetária e adotar políticas fiscais sólidas para garantir a estabilidade económica. Suas recomendações visam proteger as economias dos efeitos perturbadores da inflação e enfatizam a importância de uma moeda estável para fomentar a prosperidade económica.

Palestra 5: Investimento Estrangeiro

Nesta palestra, Ludwig von Mises enfatiza o papel crucial do investimento estrangeiro no estímulo ao crescimento e desenvolvimento económico. Ele vê o investimento estrangeiro como um meio essencial de introduzir novas tecnologias, expertise em gestão e capital, que, coletivamente, podem melhorar as indústrias locais e impulsionar a expansão económica.

O padrão de vida é mais baixo nos chamados países em desenvolvimento porque os ganhos médios para os mesmos géneros de trabalho são mais baixos nesses países do que em alguns outros da Europa Ocidental, que no Canadá, no Japão e, especialmente, nos Estados Unidos. Se investigarmos as razões dessa diferença, seremos obrigados a reconhecer que ela não decorre de uma inferioridade dos trabalhadores ou de outros empregados.

Mises argumenta que os países anfitriões colhem benefícios significativos do investimento estrangeiro. Estes incluem acesso a tecnologias de ponta e práticas de gestão que podem aumentar a produtividade e competitividade. Além disso, o influxo de capital de investidores estrangeiros ajuda a criar empregos, estimular as indústrias locais e acelerar o crescimento económico.

Para maximizar os benefícios do investimento estrangeiro, Mises defende um conjunto de políticas centradas na liberalização económica e mínima interferência governamental. Ele defende o livre comércio como um mecanismo para permitir que bens e serviços se movam através das fronteiras sem impedimentos, o que fomenta a especialização e aumenta a eficiência. A liberdade de capital também é crucial, segundo Mises, pois permite que os investidores persigam as oportunidades mais lucrativas, otimizando assim a alocação de recursos. Além disso, ele enfatiza a importância de direitos de propriedade robustos para garantir que os investidores estrangeiros não sejam expropriados nem sobrecarregados por regulamentações arbitrárias.

O governo indiano não é contrário ao capital estrangeiro antes de este ser investido. A hostilidade só começa quando já está investido. Neste livro – cito literalmente – o Sr. Nehru diz: “Desejamos, é claro, socializar. Mas não somos contrários à iniciativa privada. Desejamos encorajar de todas as maneiras a iniciativa privada. Queremos assegurar aos empresários que investem no país que não os expropriaremos ou os socializaremos num prazo de dez anos, talvez até por mais tempo.” E ele supunha estar fazendo um convite estimulante.

A análise de Mises também aborda as possíveis desvantagens de um investimento estrangeiro mal gerido, como a dependência excessiva de capital externo e a possível erosão das indústrias locais. No entanto, ele mantém que esses riscos podem ser mitigados através de escolhas políticas sábias que priorizam a liberdade económica e um ambiente de negócios acolhedor.

Em conclusão, a palestra de Mises sobre investimento estrangeiro sublinha a sua importância como motor de crescimento económico e como um potenciador da competitividade no mercado global. Ao adotar políticas que encorajam o livre comércio, mobilidade de capital e direitos de propriedade fortes, os países podem efetivamente aproveitar o potencial do investimento estrangeiro para melhorar a sua posição económica e a qualidade de vida dos seus cidadãos. À medida que continuamos explorando as ideias da Escola Austríaca, apreciamos mais profundamente o impacto profundo das políticas económicas liberais no fomento da prosperidade e do desenvolvimento.

Palestra 6: Políticas e Ideias

Nesta palestra de conclusão, Ludwig von Mises sintetiza os princípios fundamentais da sua filosofia económica, defendendo consistentemente uma abordagem laissez-faire. Ele enfatiza a primazia da liberdade individual e dos mecanismos de mercado na orientação eficiente da alocação de recursos e estabilidade económica.

Mises opõe-se firmemente ao intervencionismo, que ele vê como um precursor de instabilidade económica e ineficiência. Em vez disso, ele defende a disciplina monetária e um padrão ouro para prevenir a inflação e promover estabilidade. A sua defesa estende-se ao comércio livre e à proteção rigorosa dos direitos de propriedade, que ele argumenta serem indispensáveis para fomentar o crescimento e desenvolvimento económico.

Um grupo de pressão é um grupo de pessoas desejoso de obter um privilégio à custa do restante da nação. Esse privilégio pode consistir numa tarifa sobre importações competitivas, pode consistir em leis que impeçam a concorrência de outros.

Central ao discurso de Mises é o impacto das ideias e ideologias na política económica. Ele alerta que as políticas económicas são frequentemente mais moldadas por predisposições ideológicas do que por evidência empírica. Ele postula que a propagação de ideias erradas pode levar a resultados económicos desastrosos, enquanto que ideias sólidas podem melhorar significativamente a prosperidade económica.

Um famoso autor espanhol falou a respeito da “revolta das massas”. Devemos ser muito cuidadosos no uso desse termo, porque essa revolta não foi feita pelas massas: foi feita pelos intelectuais, que, não sendo homens do povo, elaboraram doutrinas. Segundo a doutrina marxista, só os proletários têm boas ideias, e a mente proletária, sozinha, engendrou o socialismo. Todos esses autores socialistas, sem exceção, eram “burgueses”, no sentido em que eles próprios, socialistas, usam o termo.

Olhando para o futuro, Mises vislumbra uma economia global libertada da intervenção governamental excessiva, onde os mercados livres são os principais motores da alocação de recursos. Ele apela à reinstalação do padrão ouro para conter a manipulação monetária e advoga por um comércio internacional desimpedido. Acima de tudo, Mises sublinha a importância de manter as liberdades individuais e a interferência governamental mínima nas atividades económicas.

Através desta palestra, Mises articula uma visão clara para as políticas económicas futuras, enraizadas nos princípios do liberalismo clássico. Seus ensinamentos enfatizam a importância duradoura da liberdade individual, eficiência de mercado e intervenção estatal mínima, fornecendo um plano coerente para a liberalização económica e a salvaguarda das liberdades pessoais e económicas.

Conclusão

Através das suas influentes palestras compiladas em "Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow", Ludwig von Mises oferece uma exploração rigorosa dos princípios económicos, apresentando um caso profundo para a importância da liberdade individual, dinâmicas de mercado e mínima intervenção governamental. As suas perspetivas continuam a ressoar, moldando a política económica moderna e o pensamento liberal clássico.

Metodologia Económica: Na sua primeira palestra, Mises enfatiza a importância do raciocínio lógico e evidência do mundo real em detrimento de modelos matemáticos abstratos, que acredita muitas vezes não captarem as nuances do comportamento económico. O seu foco em estruturas teóricas e análise conceitual procura fundamentar o pensamento económico na realidade em vez de em equações idealizadas.

Ação Humana: O conceito de ação humana, introduzido na segunda palestra, forma a pedra angular da economia austríaca. Mises argumenta que a economia é fundamentalmente sobre indivíduos agindo por interesse próprio, tomando decisões independentemente do governo ou forças de mercado coletivas. Esta perspetiva sublinha a importância da autonomia pessoal e trocas voluntárias numa economia saudável.

Processo de Mercado: Ao discutir o processo de mercado, Mises destaca como o espírito empreendedor e a competição são cruciais para a inovação e desenvolvimento económico. O ajuste dinâmico dos preços em resposta a sinais de oferta e procura facilita este processo, impulsionando avanços sociais e aumento do bem-estar.

Inflação: A quarta palestra trata da inflação, que Mises identifica como um resultado destrutivo da interferência dos bancos centrais no fornecimento de dinheiro. Ele ilustra vividamente como a inflação mina as poupanças, fomenta a incerteza e resulta na má alocação de recursos, contribuindo para a malaise económica mais ampla.

Investimento Estrangeiro: Mises defende o investimento estrangeiro como um catalisador para o progresso económico na sua quinta palestra. Ao advogar por comércio aberto e barreiras regulatórias mínimas, ele sublinha como os fluxos de capital internacional podem trazer avanço tecnológico, competência de gestão e crescimento económico geral.

Políticas e Ideias: Por fim, Mises explora o impacto profundo das bases ideológicas na política económica. Ele promove uma política económica laissez-faire, argumentando vigorosamente contra o intervencionismo e a favor de políticas que protejam as liberdades individuais e fomentem a alocação de recursos liderada pelo mercado.

Em resumo, as palestras de Mises articulam uma visão convincente para a política económica que privilegia a agência individual, processos de mercado e um papel restrito para o governo. O seu trabalho não só critica sistemas económicos prevalentes como o socialismo e intervencionismo, mas também estabelece uma base intelectual robusta para a defesa dos mercados livres e direitos individuais. À medida que continuamos a enfrentar desafios económicos e políticos hoje, a relevância intemporal das ideias de Mises oferece perspetivas valiosas para fomentar ambientes que encorajem estabilidade económica, crescimento e florescimento humano.

@ 2f7463a4:e92b8023

| GitHub Repository | Lightning Address | | --- | --- | | https://github.com/sfr0xyz/openagents-bitcoin-stats | sefiro@getalby.com |

This is a plugin for OpenAgents that gives you the latest statistics about the Bitcoin network, its mempool and the Lightning Network.

It is inspired by Clark Moody's Bitcoin Dashboard and the TimeChainCalendar.

The project uses the Extism Framework, in particular its Go PDK, and the REST APIs of mempool.space, bitnodes.io and coincap.io.

Usage

Ensure that you have installed the Extism CLI and downloaded the btcstats.wasm file.

You can call the plugin with the Extism CLI:

sh extism call btcstats.wasm run --input '<YOUR INPUT>' --wasi --allow-host '*'

Replace <YOUR INPUT> with a list of statistics you are interested in.

Available statistics (see detailed descriptions on GitHub):

• market: Bitcoin market data such as current price and market cap
• latestBlock: Information about the latest block, such as size and total reward
• mining: Mining data such as current hashrate and difficulty, and difficulty adjustment
• fees: Recommended feerates based on the current mempool
• mempool: Mempool statistics such as number of unconfirmed transactions and pending fees
• lightning: Lightning Network statistics such as total capacity and number of channels
• nodes: Bitcoin node statistics such as total number of nodes

You can include more than one of the above at once.

If you leave the field empty (''), or include none of the above, all stats will be requested.

With the prefix -, e.g. -nodes, you can exclude stats, i.e. "I want all stats except nodes".

Note: If you request the nodes statistic, it will take a while, a few seconds, for the result to be displayed.

Examples[^1]

Note: The resulting JSON is prettified here for better readability.

Get latestBlock and mempool stats:

```plain $ extism call btcstats.wasm run --input 'latestBlock mempool' --wasi --allow-host '*'

{ "latestBlock": { "height": 845325, "timestamp": "Mon, 27 May 2024 01:34:54 UTC", "transactions": 5692, "size": 1.55, "totalReward": 3.272, "totalFees": 0.147, "medianFeeRate": 8.1, "miner": "MARA Pool" }, "mempool": { "unconfirmedTXs": 170669, "vSize": 180.66, "pendingFees": 5.257, "blocksToClear": 181 }, "mining": { "hashrate": 677612693053317300000, "difficulty": 84381461788831.34, "retargetDifficultyChangePercent": 13.39, "retargetRemainingBlocks": 1395, "retargetEstimatedDate": "Tue, 04 Jun 2024 15:07:02 UTC" } } ```

Get all stats except nodes:

```plain $ extism call btcstats.wasm run --input '-nodes' --wasi --allow-host '*'

{ "fees": { "fastest": 9, "halfHour": 9, "hour": 9, "economy": 6, "minimum": 3 }, "latestBlock": { "height": 845325, "timestamp": "Mon, 27 May 2024 01:34:54 UTC", "transactions": 5692, "size": 1.55, "totalReward": 3.272, "totalFees": 0.147, "medianFeeRate": 8.1, "miner": "MARA Pool" }, "lightning": { "totalNodes": 12836, "torNodes": 8930, "clearnetNodes": 1700, "clearnetTorNodes": 1360, "unannouncedNodes": 846, "channels": 50872, "totalCapacity": 4980.822, "averageChannelCapacity": 0.098, "medianChannelCapacity": 0.02 }, "market": { "supply": 19699693, "supplyPercent": 93.81, "price": 69020.61, "priceChange24hPercent": -0.32, "moscowTime": 1448, "marketCap": 1359684729700.71 }, "mempool": { "unconfirmedTXs": 170669, "vSize": 180.66, "pendingFees": 5.257, "blocksToClear": 181 }, "mining": { "hashrate": 677612693053317300000, "difficulty": 84381461788831.34, "retargetDifficultyChangePercent": 13.39, "retargetRemainingBlocks": 1395, "retargetEstimatedDate": "Tue, 04 Jun 2024 15:07:02 UTC" } } ```

[^1]: more examples in the README on GitHub

@ efa6abd0:a4970369

Time stands still under @nobody timelines, as at least two women who were frequent nostr posters stopped using nostr recently. The reasons are complex and varied, but it offers an opportunity to talk about possible ways that may help guide conversations toward more signal.

When it comes to dealing with hate, abuse, and behavior that could be described as unhealthy, most social media looks at adding rules of what not to do. However, we should question how well that approach has worked in the past on other social networks, if it is likely to scale, and whether nostr may be much better suited for finding different solutions.

Social media is complicated, just like the people who speak their voices through it. Unfortunately, some people can create chaos to scare and quiet down other voices, in particular, those of women. Some social media attacks can feel personal and disruptive. As they carry on over time, they can wear people down, making them more sensitive to everyday conversations. A voice lost to an unhealthy environment is a voice too many.

nostr:note1fprernz6tljde6anfuyn0yvzp7n7lfe43qxgm6fejm590ed35fgq88yytd

The what not to do approach.

Most platforms have tried to deal with abuse by trying to remove anything related to reported cases and other learnings across time. It is a difficult labor, because what is “acceptable” content depends on the times, context, and culture. Although there may be moments where these actions could be useful, they run the risk of not being specific enough or their use being misunderstood, over-applied, or gamed.

By adding parameters of what is not acceptable, unexpected content may fall under that umbrella. For example, words used in gaming can reflect violence. Sometimes, conversations within black communities can carry more expletives. People can misread, misunderstand, or feel offended by sarcasm, memes, and subcultures. Sometimes, removing specific words can prevent people from discussing serious matters, like those who are trying to bring awareness to an issue, or educational information to prevent further harm from a difficult situation.

No solution is perfect, and, sometimes, in trying to create a “safe” environment, the results are very different from the desired effects. Muting, blocking and removing certain words or people could be abused to quiet down those voices nostr is trying to protect and encourage. People can find ways around these rules to still get chaotic content through.

As social media scales, the content that needs to be removed can become an unwieldy number. Aside from reports, numerous man hours of content review, and the catch-all-word, algorithms, take over. Concentrating most efforts on what to remove, could easily become too broad a brush, leading to the opposite effect of what nostr is trying to avoid: censorship.

There are no silver bullets, but that does not mean there aren’t other options.

What if, instead, we focus on what to do?

We should not overlook what protects us: our people, those real people whose voices we choose to follow. They may be the best compass on the information worthwhile.

Web of trust tools

I remember earlier days, when the global feed was messier. Damus had added the option to blur images for people you did not follow. We had some early spamming incidents, that I did not notice, until people I followed started speaking about them, because all of those images were blurred for my global feed. I still keep that feature on.

A web of trust allows us to give priority to the content of the people we follow, often extending to the content of the people they follow. Various web of trust tools are already in use in different clients. If these features improve over time and are more widely adopted, people may reach more of the content they want without the extra noise.

Possible features

Replies

Showing top replies as those of the people you follow and who they follow. The rest of the replies could be hidden under an extra click.

An additional option could narrow down replies to only follows, or open it up to everyone, if you’re comfortable with that.

DM’s

Priority section for your web of trust, based on what you're comfortable with:

• People you have replied to
• People you follow
• People you follow and their follows
• A specific list of people of your choice

Have the option of removing people from your main DM’s tab.

Mentions and Notifications

I have not yet heard of a similar treatment for mentions, like that of DM’s, but it could ease some of the negativity if priority was given to what you’re most comfortable with:

• People you follow
• People you follow and their follows
• A specific list of people of your choice
• Everyone

Your People

• Easy-to-spot icon that you follow someone
• Icon for someone within your network
• Impostor flags on cloned accounts you do not follow
• Showing the people you follow are following someone you're thinking of following

What are other possible tools for Web of Trust?

Content Discovery

Another important aspect for keeping the signal high on nostr is content discovery. Global has been shifting more and more to topic based discovery. A good step forward. If people are able to find more conversations around the topics they love, their experience is likely to be more positive, and to go deeper. This may lead them to discover unique niche communities with supportive like-minded people. This focus on topics may help lead attention to signal rather than noise.

An issue may be spam on hashtags, which is often content discovery for topics. We tend to follow hashtags and see that within our home feed. If the hashtags start getting spammy, what would be good solutions? Perhaps global feed should be specific to topics, and home feed for the people we follow. Making it easier to unfollow hashtags and discover new ones.

Topic hashtags could also be limited to our follows or network, but that would prevent some of the discovery process and be more likely to lead to echo chambers.

Perhaps navigation could be simplified with just one home feed, instead of global and home, but with options to switch between different options: List of follows, follows follows, topics, specific lists you put together, curated lists, communities, specific relays, all…

What is the default?

Settings are an obscure feature that shines on nostr with unique choices. However, if people join nostr used to the workings of other apps, they are unlikely to make it into the Settings. Some protective features could be considered as defaults. Other options for customization could be displayed within specific elements without needing to go into the settings.

As feeds offer more choices for looking at your content, there may be good ways to limit or open up content shown, based on how you’re feeling and what social situations you may be in. If you’re getting too much noise, you may want to add more limits on the content you see. If you’re trying to discover something new, you may want to explore and remove some of the limits.

Outbox model

Another present-future feature of nostr will be relying on the outbox relay model. It offers the possibility of retrieving the notes for those people who matter the most to you. It doesn't matter where people post, outbox will retrieve the notes, even from a small relay, hence, preventing their censorship. Perhaps then, blastr’s purpose will shift from sending your notes out to most relays, into making sure everyone knows where to find your notes by sending out your latest relay list and profile information.

Delete vs. Zen

Deleting something is often a defensive measure. Unfortunately, it is an avenue often taken by those getting bullied in some way, instead of by those generating the chaos. What we often miss when we feel attacked is that having a voice on social media is an important meaningful aspect of our lives. The need to restart your social media experience takes time, and nostr will miss out on your perspective.

Although our notes remain on nostr, if someone is in need of time off, there could be a midway option before choosing to delete. A “zen mode” could be activated for those moments where you need a little time off or to tone down the noise. The app you use could toggle-on all those features that can improve on health. Your notifications could be turned off, all of your mentions and feeds could be limited to follows. Perhaps you could even segment your follows to only see specific accounts on your home feed of those people closest to you.

Practicing the Art of Zenstr

We can all have difficult situations to deal with, whether in our personal lives, work lives, or how we connect and interact on social media. They seem separate, but they’re all a part of us, and what is happening in one area of our lives can affect the rest. As we dive into nostr, we may notice that the changes in incentives are leading to product features that care more about promoting a healthy environment. Nostr cares about its people. Timelines are not focused on incendiary notes that lead to more attention and hence more ad sales, but we can still run into negative feedback loops or the rare but loud voice who wants to generate conflict.

When we run into inflammatory comments, we must ask ourselves: Is it constructive to react to this note? If we feel too emotional, chances are, it may be time to step away from the screen for a while, refresh our spirit, and come back in a healthier way.

What if we can also ask what we can do to improve nostr? Is there content you wish existed? Can you create it? Is there a conversation you wish you could have, ask the questions. Start the hashtags. Be what you wish nostr was.

Only comment on what you feel comfortable replying to. Ignore the noise.

Being on nostr also means unlearning. Social media has placed more focus on reporting and cancel culture, but people on nostr are instead trying to learn from each other, respecting each other’s views and trying to share information you may be unaware of. It could be through a weird meme, but that’s nostr. We can be a little weird.

As people try to protect themselves from content they dislike, mute and block may be first on their mind, in some difficult cases, that may only be a temporary fix as people could circumvent that with additional npubs. The opposite is also true, you could flag someone for a single post, without paying any attention to what their voice offers on nostr, or without digging deeper into what they tried to say. Reading text is not the same as listening to people, sometimes we can give people a chance. Just because we disagree in points of view, does not mean we cannot learn something from each other.

On more chaotic cases, however, where you are experiencing abuse on nostr, do not hesitate to ask for help from the people in your community and make it known to developers on nostr. The product makers can help. In learning from your experience, you may help people have better tools to shape a healthier nostr in the future. You are not alone, and you can be a part of the solution.

As Web of Trust gets stronger, it is less likely that people who are only trying to create chaos will be able to get their messages across. People wanting conversation are unlikely to follow them, hence, not receiving their noise.

We can all use personal time away from screens, but out of choice, not out of need to leave an unhealthy environment. People should have more tools to help shape their nostr home in whichever way they want it to be. Nostr has always been about choice. Knowing that you can arrive on nostr and have a voice is a gift. We should protect it.

@ 1d22e00c:50e00d0e

The Inward Attitudes of a True Disciple is our theme for the next few Sunday mornings.

This series is based on the Beatitudes, found in the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount.

Today we are discussing, Joy Comes in the Morning.

Text

Matthew 5:4 NKJV

4 Blessed are those who mourn, For they shall be comforted.

Scripture Reading

Psalm 30:1-12 NKJV

1 I will extol You, O Lord, for You have lifted me up, And have not let my foes rejoice over me.

2 O Lord my God, I cried out to You, And You healed me.

3 O Lord, You brought my soul up from the grave; You have kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit.

4 Sing praise to the Lord, you saints of His, And give thanks at the remembrance of His holy name.

5 For His anger is but for a moment, His favor is for life; Weeping may endure for a night, But joy comes in the morning.

6 Now in my prosperity I said, “I shall never be moved.”

7 Lord, by Your favor You have made my mountain stand strong; You hid Your face, and I was troubled.

8 I cried out to You, O Lord; And to the Lord I made supplication:

9 “What profit is there in my blood, When I go down to the pit? Will the dust praise You? Will it declare Your truth?

10 Hear, O Lord, and have mercy on me; Lord, be my helper!”

11 You have turned for me my mourning into dancing; You have put off my sackcloth and clothed me with gladness,

12 To the end that my glory may sing praise to You and not be silent. O Lord my God, I will give thanks to You forever.

Introduction.

Having never fully understood all that it means to be a Christian, we have never fully appropriated the full blessedness of the Christian life.

Matthew 5:4 NKJV says, Blessed are those who mourn, For they shall be comforted.

This is a plain statement of simple truth.

Blessed is the man in whose heart the “consolation in Christ” has been, is, and ever shall be effective.

Blessed is the Christian, even in sorrow, grief, and pain, because for the Christian, God’s comfort is sure.

As a child of God, the psalmist of our Scripture today, having passed through he fires of grief, pain, and trial, had found the balm of Gilead sufficient for his soul.

His experience was this, Psalm 30:11, You have turned for me my mourning into dancing; You have put off my sackcloth and clothed me with gladness.

He believed by faith that “weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning.”

Any English translation must miss the picture of the word here rendered “endure.”

The figure is “to come in to lodge as a guest.”

The psalmist was saying, “weeping may come in to lodge with us in the evening, but joy comes in as a guest in the morning.”

This is not a mere promise to a Christian, it is the unfailing result of being a Christian, its the natural consequence of the Christian life.

Other than Christianity and its forebear, Judaism, every religion says that weeping, trials, and pain are things to be escaped, and those who do not escape them are unfortunate.

Only Christianity knows any way of dealing with these unwelcome guests that does not involve arresting, perverting, or even abandoning life itself.

In substance, Buddhism says, “sorrow and pain are universal. Therefore under, for all must suffer.”

Not much comfort there!

The stoic seeks to become calloused in soul and therefore indifferent to suffering, a remedy worse than the disease.

A dead heart is worse than a broken heart.

Christian Science offers escape from the ills of life by denying and ignoring their reality, thus supposedly destroying their hold on human consciousness.

Opposed to all of these is Jesus’ solution, which lies in the opposite direction in the abundant life, the happy Christian life, the eternal life that He came to give.

Christianity would swallow up grief and pain in victory, mortality in life, and transmute the sorrows and trials of life into the joys and fellowship and love of heaven’s own citizens.

Only Christ can give “Beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness.”

Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted.

These words are true to the fact, especially in three relationships.

1. These words are true to the fact of the conversion experience.

The mourning of conviction for sin is comforted by the joy of forgiveness.

Every Christian remembers the long night of weeping under sin’s conviction before conversion came in the morning.

We were miserable and wretched, and then after weeping had endured for the night, the joy, the comfort, and the peace of God came in the morning.

Then we understood David’s exulting words in Psalm 32:1, “Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, Whose sin is covered.” 

We may paraphrase our text, “Blessed is the sinner who mourns because of his sin, for he shall be comforted as he finds the peace of God unto salvation.

Not all mourning is blessed.

2 Corinthians 7:10 says, For godly sorrow produces repentance leading to salvation, not to be regretted; but the sorrow of the world produces death.

The mourning that comes from our own foolishness is not blessed but has a curse on to.

The mourning over the failure of treacherous schemes, or of the hurt of passion untamed, or of the loss of hoard treasure is not blessed.

All mourning over sin is blessed.

“Blessed are they that mourn” refers to those who show repentant sorrow for sin that results in God’s pardon and peace.

The New Testament abounds with illustrations.

If the prodigal son was a sorrow stricken sinner, his reception by his father represents th comfort God has ready for the sinner who mourns over his sin.

The woman who wept scalding tears of repentance and gratitude on Jesus’ feet was comforted when He said the her, “Thy sins are forgiven” in Luke 7:48.

The thief on the cross turned in his agony to cry, “Jesus, remember me, and he was comforted, even in death.

But the most telling illustration is not in the long ago, nor even in the Scriptures, but in the here and now, in your heart and mine where God’s salvation has spoken comfort to our souls.

2. These words are true to the facts of a developing, enlarging, deepening Christian life.

In pressing toward the goal of the Christian life, weeping often comes in to lodge as a guest for the night, but always, again and again, and in a more and more wonderful way, joy comes in the morning.

As we grow toward, “the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ”, our capacity for life enlarges, our sensibilities to its wrongs quicken, and our struggle with sin deepens into a deadlier and more desperate conflict.

It is also true that our capacity for the true joy of heaven’s realm in like measure increases.

As the prophet Isaiah had said, Jesus was preeminently “a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief”

He was so because, He felt all the sin of man with all the conscience of God.

Growth in Christ enlarges our capacity to live and therefore increases our capacity for pain and joy.

The biologist ranks living creatures according to their capacity for pain on one hand or joy on the other.

Near the bottom of the scale lies the earthworm, with few capacities for life.

Ten comes the turtle, who’s hard shell guards it from suffering and whose cold blood makes it sluggish.

Near the top of the animal kingdom is the horse, a finely coordinated, sensitive, spirited, intelligent animal.

It lives much and suffers much.

At the top of the sale stands man, the apex of creation.

Man rejoices in the richness of mental and spiritual nature yet is the supreme mourner.

Man does not reach the summit however until in Christ he becomes a new creature.

Then his capacity for life is brought to its fullest.

No one can suffer like the full grown, mature man in Christ, but, on the other hand, no man can rejoice as he can.

“Blessed are they that mourn,” as only the true Christian can, “for they shall be comforted” with al the comfort of God that the world knows not.

Growth in Christ quickens our sensibilities to the wrongs and woes of the world.

We cannot grow in the knowledge and likeness of Christ without taking to ourselves some of His love for the world and therefore some of His sorrow for its sins.

Christ is a man of sorrows because He loves the world and knows its sins.

He feels all the sin of the world with all the heart of God.

“Blessed are they that mourn” because of the sorrows and sins of the world, “for they shall be comforted” by being made ministering saints.

Growth in Christ deepens the conflict with sin in our lives.

If we develop the power to resist sin, we sorrow all the more for our failures when we do stumble and fall.

Here is the obvious fallacy of the doctrine of sinless perfection.

Our sensitivity to sin, our hatred of sin, deepens as, through Christ, our power over it increases, and no mature Christian ever thought of himself as sinless and perfect.

“Blessed are they that mourn” the deepest over their shortcomings and sins, “for they shall be comforted” to the full.

3. These words are, and ever shall be, true to the fact of eternity.

Like a photographer who shoots with film, we sometimes need to take our negatives into a darkroom to develop them, and in the darkroom the image gradually appears clearer and clearer.

Isn’t hat, in part at least, what suffering and sorrow mean in our lives?

Compared to the unfading light of heaven’s realm, this world is God’s darkroom, but the artist of our souls is patient, and little by little the image appears.

Our day He will take us out, the image clear, into the light of heaven’s perfect day, and then shall come to pass the saying, “Just as we have borne the image of the earthly man, so shall we bear the image of the heavenly man.”

After the earth’s night of weeping is past, heaven’s joy comes in the morning.

Conclusion.

Where does this comfort come from that comforts us?

Not from ourselves, for we are like landlocked pools with limited reserves, but from the God of all comfort, as His power, like a river flows through our lives.

2 Corinthians 1:3, Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort.

Revelation 21:4 says, And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away.”

There will be no weeping in heaven.

We will enter heaven with the stain of tears on our faces.

God Himself will wipe away our tears, and it will be for the last time.

Until next time

Stay in the Blessings

I really want to encourage you to be diligent with your Bible study time, because God has so much more for us than we can get from just going to church once or twice a week and hearing someone else talk about the Word.

When you spend time with God, your life will change in amazing ways, because God is a Redeemer. Theres nothing thats too hard for Him, and He can make you whole, spirit, soul and body!

You’re important to God, and you’re important to us at The Refinery.

When it comes to prayer, we believe that God wants to meet your needs and reveal His promises to you.

So whatever you’re concerned about and need prayer for we want to be here for you! Or even if you just want to say Hi, you can contact us at www.refinerylife.org

2024 IS A YEAR OF DECISIONS AND OPEN DOORS

This episode is brought to you by Refinery Life Australia:

If you enjoy The Refinery Life Radio Podcast you can help support The Refinery by doing the following:

Sow an offering: Bitcoin: bc1qqh6720t2zagj72dyfj348az698tdut3hlecaj4

Online: https://www.refinerylife.org/donate/

If you do send an offering then please email us so that we can say thank you

Subscribe on iTunes | Spotify  | YouTube | TuneIn | Rumble | Flare | Zap.Stream | Fountain |

Share The Refinery with your friends and family

Subscribe to the newsletter on www.refinerylife.org

Follow The Refinery on Twitter | Nostr | Instagram | Fountain |

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

As I've gotten into writing more regularly, I've realized the majority of my 'writing' comes from typing things up on my laptop. It's my preferred method of writing as I find it faster to do but also kind of therapeutic being able to see my thoughts being transferred onto something visible and structured in real time. However, being that I probably type more than 95% of the time compared to physically writing pen to paper, I got curious and did a little bit of research on what may be the advantages and disadvantages of both. It would seem the primary difference is typing offers a faster and more time efficient way to write things out, whereas traditional writing is better suited for brain stimulation and development in regards to better memory retention, focus, and creativity. I don't know if I'll ever go 50/50 with my physical writing to typing ratio, however, with what I have just learned, I do feel it would only serve to benefit my life and overall writing ability if I increase the amount of physical writing I do on a regular basis.

Do stackers type or write more, or is it somewhere in between? And why so?

@ f7d424b5:618c51e8

Markdown?

Markdown?

Markdown Markdown ~Markdown?~

• markdown?
• markdown?
• markdown?

markdown?

hello from highlighter.com

@ e9dc3ce5:1e672715

บทความนี้เป็นการเรียบเรียงเนื้อหาซึ่งพูดไปในรายการ สภายาส้ม EP38 เมื่อคืนวันศุกร์ที่ 26/4/2024

---

ถ้า BRC-20 คือขี้หมาท้องเสียแฉะ ๆ บนฟุตบาทประเทศไทย Rune ก็คงเป็นขี้ชะมดในไร่กาแฟพันธุ์ดีบนเกาะสุมาตรา

---

เช้าวันเสาร์ที่ 20/4/2024 ผมและสมาชิก Right Shift ตื่นแต่เช้าเปิดคอมไลฟ์จับตาดูปรากฎการณ์ Bitcoin Halving ครั้งที่ 4 ซึ่งเป็นที่แน่นอนว่า ปรากฎการณ์นั้นก็ผ่านไปได้ด้วยดี

ในระหว่างนั้นเราได้เห็นค่าธรรมเนียมของเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์พุ่งสูงขึ้นอย่างมาก เป็นไปตามที่คาดไว้ว่าจะมีคนจำนวนมากที่พยายามจ่ายค่าธรรมเนียมเพื่อให้ธุรกรรมของตัวเองได้ถูกบรรจุอยู่ในบล็อกประวัติศาสตร์นี้ โดยเฉพาะพวกคนที่ต้องการจะฝังข้อมูลไว้ในเครือข่ายของบิตคอยน์ด้วยวิธีการ "Inscription" ซึ่งเป็นที่นิยมอยู่ก่อนหน้านี้ หรืออีกนัยหนึ่งหากกล่าวตามวิธีคิดแบบ Ordinals Theory คือพวกเขาพยายามจะ mint NFT บนบิตคอยน์นั่นเอง

ในไลฟ์วันนั้นพวกเราเข้าไปสำรวจธุรกรรมลำดับที่ #1 ของบล็อกที่ 840000 ซึ่งจ่ายค่าธรรมเนียมสูงถึง 6.732 BTC หรือคิดเป็นอัตรา 3,604,819 sat/vB และพบว่าบนธุรกรรมนั้นได้มีการ Inscribe ภาพอักษรรูนนี้เอาไว้

ในตอนนั้นยังไม่มีใครเข้าใจว่ามันมีความหมายอะไร และทำไปทำไม และหันไปให้ความสนใจกับธุรกรรมที่ตกค้างใน mempool จำนวนมากที่จ่ายค่าธรรมเนียมสูงเกินปกติไปมากแต่ยังสูงไม่มากพอที่จะเป็นส่วนหนึ่งในบล็อกสำคัญนั้น เราคิดว่าธุรกรรมเหล่านี้เพียงแค่ "พลาด" เป้าหมายที่พวกเขาต้องการ และจะค่อย ๆ ทะยอยถูกปิดลงบล็อกถัด ๆ มา และคงถูกกำจัดหมดไปในเวลาไม่นาน

แต่เราคิดผิด

วันแล้ววันเล่าผ่านไป โดยที่ค่าธรรมเนียมในเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์ยังคงสูงลิบอย่างต่อเนื่อง ค้างเติ่งอยู่ที่ระดับสูงกว่า 1000 sat/vB ซึ่งไม่ใช่ภาพที่เราเห็นได้ทั่วไป แม้แต่ช่วงที่เกิดการ hype เรื่อง Inscription หรือ BRC-20 ก็ไม่ได้สูงขนาดนี้ ธุรกรรมที่ดันค่าธรรมเนียมของเครือข่ายให้สูงอยู่อย่างนั้นคือธุรกรรมที่ถูกส่งเข้ามาใหม่อย่างต่อเนื่อง ไม่ใช่แค่ธุรกรรมค้างท่อมาจากเมื่อเช้าวันเสาร์แต่อย่างใด

และนั่นเองคือจุดที่ทำให้ผมได้พบว่าเบื้องหลังของเรื่องนี้คือ Rune Protocol

Rune คืออะไร

Rune คืออีกหนึ่งโปรโตคอล หรือมาตรฐานเหรียญสำหรับการสร้าง Fungible Token บนบิตคอยน์อีกรูปแบบหนึ่ง เช่นเดียวกับ Omni Layer, Taproot Assets หรือ BRC-20 ซึ่งผมพอใจที่จะเรียกสิ่งนี้ว่า "Shitcoin on Bitcoin" มากกว่า

แน่นอนว่าในฐานะ Bitcoiner ผมออกจะรำคาญสิ่งเหล่านี้อยู่บ้างโทษฐานที่ทำให้ค่าธรรมเนียมในเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์เพิ่มสูงขึ้นและทำให้ผม stack sats ได้ยากขึ้น ถึงอย่างนั้นผมก็มองว่าเรื่องนี้เป็นสิ่งที่หลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้ และถ้ามันจะต้องเกิดขึ้นในสักวันก็ขอให้เกิดขึ้นด้วยโปรโตคอลที่มีประสิทธิภาพที่สุด หมายถึงเบียดบังพื้นที่ในบล็อกเชนให้น้อยที่สุด แข็งแกร่งที่สุด และสามารถใช้งานได้อย่างหลากหลายที่สุด

นั่นคือสาเหตุที่ผมเปรียบ BRC-20 เป็น "ขยะเปียก" มาตลอด เพราะมันเป็นโปรโตคอลที่ห่วยแตกอย่างมาก กินพื้นที่ในบล็อกเชนเกินจำเป็น สร้าง dust UTXO มหาศาล และให้ผลลัพธ์เป็นโทเค็นที่มีตัวตนอยู่นอกบล็อกเชนของบิตคอยน์ซึ่งไม่สามารถนำไปใช้งานต่อในลักษณะไหนได้นอกจากการส่งให้กันไปมา (ยังไม่นับเรื่องที่ 1 ธุรกรรมของ BRC-20 จำเป็นต้องทำธุรกรรมบนเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์ถึงสองครั้ง!)

และในขณะเดียวกัน นั่นจึงเป็นสาเหตุที่ผมค่อนข้างคาดหวังกับ Taproot Assets (Taro) มาตลอด จากการที่ตัวโปรโตคอลออกแบบมาดีกว่ามาก และที่สำคัญคือเป็นผลงานจาก Lightning Labs ซึ่งเป็นทีมผู้พัฒนา LND หรือซอฟต์แวร์สำหรับรัน Lightning Node โดยที่มีคำมั่นสัญญาว่าโทเค็นซึ่งถูกสร้างบนมาตรฐาน Taproot Assets จะสามารถถูกนำไปบรรจุใน Lightning Channel เพื่อเอาขึ้นไปวิ่งอยู่บน Lightning Network ได้ และทำให้เรามีภาพในจินตนาการเกี่ยวกับโลกที่ผู้คนสามารถใช้ USD stable coin ผ่าน Lightning Network ด้วยความเร็วปานสายฟ้า ปราศจากตัวกลาง และสามารถเปลี่ยนเป็นบิตคอยน์เมื่อไรก็ได้

จนกระทั่งการมาถึงของ Rune

Rune เจ๋งยังไง

บนบล็อกของ Casey Rodarmor ผู้สร้างโปรโตคอลนี้ (และเป็นผู้สร้างโปรโตคอล BRC-20 ด้วย ถถถ)ได้กล่าวถึงข้อเสียของมาตรฐานเหรียญบนบิตคอยน์รูปแบบอื่น ๆ ไว้ดังนี้

เมื่อกลั่นคำซ้ำออกมาแล้วจะพบว่าข้อเสียของ protocol อื่น ๆ ที่ถูกหยิบยกขึ้นมาเปรียบเทียบก็คือ ไม่ใช่ UTXO-based (not UTXO-based), ซับซ้อน (complex) และพึ่งพาข้อมูลที่อยู่นอกบล็อกเชน (relies on off-chain data)

ซึ่งโดยอนุมานแล้ว Rune กำลังนำเสนอโปรโตคอลซึ่งมีลักษณะตรงกันข้ามกับคุณสมบัติซึ่งถูกมองว่าเป็นข้อเสียเหล่านั้น ก็คือ จะต้องเป็น UTXO-based เรียบง่าย และไม่พึ่งพาข้อมูลที่อยู่นอกบล็อกเชน

ซึ่ง... พอสำรวจแล้วก็พบว่าเป็นไปตามนั้นจริง

Rune ทำงานอย่างไร

กลไกหลักของ Rune คือการฝังคำสั่งเกี่ยวกับ Rune ไว้ในบล็อกเชนของบิตคอยน์ผ่านการใช้ OP_RETURN (เช่นเดียวกับ Omni) โดยที่คำสั่งของ Rune จะมีชื่อเรียกเก๋ ๆ ว่า Rune stone

นั่นทำให้ในช่วงที่เครือข่ายบิตคอยน์เต็มไปด้วย Rune เราจะสามารถเห็นภาพสัดส่วนปริมาณธุรกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Rune บนเว็บไซต์ mempool.space ได้ด้วยการใช้ฟังก์ชั่น goggle กรองดูเฉพาะธุรกรรมที่มี OP_RETUEN และมั่นใจได้ว่าเกือบทั้งหมดนั้นคือธุกรรม Rune

ภาพจากบล็อก 840021

หากจะดูให้แน่ใจ output OP_RETURN ของ Rune จะเริ่มต้นด้วย OP_RETURN และตามด้วย OP_PUSHNUM_13 เสมอ จากนั้นก็จะตามหลังด้วย OP_PUSHBYTE ตามจำนวน byte ของคำสั่ง Rune ที่ต้องการจะทำ อาจจะยาวหรืออาจจะสั้น และ byte ที่ตามมาหลังจากนั้นทั้งหมดคือส่วนที่จะถูกนำไป decode เป็นคำสั่ง Rune จริงๆ อีกที

ด้านล่างนี้คือตัวอย่าง Runestone สั่งโอน Rune token อย่างง่าย กรณีนี้กินพื้นที่บนบล็อกเชนเพิ่มจากธุรกรรมบิตคอยน์ปกติเพียง 11 byte เท่านั้น

คำสั่ง Runestone แบ่งเป็นประเภทหลัก ๆ 3 อย่างสำหรับ 3 กิจกรรม คือ การประกาศเหรียญ (Etching), การสร้างเหรียญ (Minting), และการโอน (Transferring)

ส่วนการ Burn หรือทำลายเหรียญนั้นไม่มีรูปแบบ Runestone ที่ออกแบบมาโดยเฉพาะ แต่สามารถทำได้โดยการทำ Runestone สำหรับโอนเหรียญโดยสั่งให้ Rune token ไปผูกอยู่กับ output ที่เป็น OP_RETURN เพื่อให้ไม่สามารถถูกนำไปใช้โอนต่อได้อีกต่อไป หรือหากสร้าง Runestone โดยไม่ถูกต้องตามหลักโปรโตคอล Runestone นั้นจะถูกเรียกว่า Cenotaphs และถือว่า Rune token ที่ถูกนำมาใช้เป็น input ในธุรกรรมนั้นถูก burn โดยปริยาย

หากสนใจการทำงานที่ลึกขึ้นของ Rune สามารถศึกษาได้ที่ https://docs.ordinals.com/runes.html

Rune are Live!!!

การที่จะมี Rune token สักชื่อหนึ่งเกิดขึ้นบนบิตคอยน์ได้นั้น สิ่งแรกที่ต้องทำคือรอให้ถึงบล็อก 840000 เสียก่อน นั่นคือสิ่งที่ถูกกำหนดไว้โดยผู้สร้างโปรโตคอล OP_RETURN ที่ถูกบรรจุลงในบล็อกก่อนการ halving จะไม่ถูกนับเป็น Runestone

จากนั้น Runestone แรกที่จะต้องถูกสร้างขึ้น คือ Etching เพื่อประกาศให้มี Rune token ชื่อนั้นในระบบ โดยผู้ที่ทำการ Etching จะสามารถกำหนดคุณสมบัติต่าง ๆ ให้กับ Rune token นั้นได้ เช่น ชื่อ สัญลักษณ์ ปริมาณอุปทานสูงสุด จำนวนหลักทศนิยม สามารถ Mint ได้ครั้งละกี่หน่วย หรือสามารถ Mint ได้จนถึงบล็อกที่เท่าไร เป็นต้น รวมไปถึงหากจะทำการ pre-mine โทเค็นไว้ให้ตัวเองเท่าไร ก็สามารถทำพร้อมกันใน Runestone เดียวกันนี้ได้เลย

เราได้ผ่านตาตัวอย่างธุรกรรมที่มี Etching Runestone กันมาแล้วในบทความนี้ นั่นคือธุรกรรมแรกของบล็อก 840000 ในธุรกรรมนั้นมี Runestone ประกาศให้มี Rune token ชื่อ Z•Z•Z•Z•Z•FEHU•Z•Z•Z•Z•Z (ᚠ) โดยที่ภาพอักษรรูนที่ถูก Inscribe ด้วยธุรกรรมเดียวกันนั้นก็คือภาพสัญลักษณ์สำหรับ Rune token นี้นั่นเอง

ธุรกรรมนั้นทำให้เกิดโทเค็น ᚠ ขึ้นเป็นโทเค็นแรกในบรรดา Rune token ทัังมวล ทำให้ ᚠ ได้รับตำแหน่งเป็น Rune #1 และเป็นที่ต้องการของคนจำนวนมากที่แห่กันเข้ามา Mint โทเค็นนี้กันอย่างล้นหลาม แต่นอกจาก ᚠ แล้วก็มี Rune token ชื่ออื่น ๆ ถูก Etching ให้มีตัวตนตามขึ้นมาอีกมาก

เมื่อมีโทเค็นชื่อใด ๆ ถูก Etching ให้มีตัวตนขึ้นมาแล้ว ไม่ว่าใครก็ตามก็สามารถสร้าง Runestone เพื่อ Mint โทเค็นนั้นให้กับตัวเองได้ภายใต้เงื่อนไขที่ผู้สร้างเหรียญกำหนดไว้ (เว้นเสียแต่ผู้สร้างโทเค็นนั้นจะ pre-mine ให้ตัวเองจนเต็มอุปทานสูงสุดตั้งแต่แรก) และสามารถโอนหากันได้ตามอัธยาศัยด้วยการทำ Runestone ประเภท Transferring หรือจะทำการแยกหรือรวม UTXO ทำธุรกรรมส่งให้ตัวเองเหมือนบิตคอยน์ปกติก็ทำได้เช่นเดียวกัน

สำหรับโทเค็น ᚠ ผู้สร้างได้กำหนดให้ ᚠ มีปริมาณอุปทานสูงสุดที่ 1,111,111 เหรียญ และสามารถถูก Mint ได้ครั้งละ 1 เหรียญ เป็นที่น่าสังเกตว่าเมื่อ ᚠ ถูก Mint จนครบจำนวนอุปทานสูงสุดและไม่สามารถถูก Mint ได้อีกต่อไป ระดับค่าธรรมเนียมบนเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์ก็ตกฮวบฮาบกลับมาที่ระดับปกติอย่างรวดเร็ว บางทีอาจจะมีเพียงโทเค็นนี้ที่มีความสำคัญพอให้ทุกคนแย่งกันก็เป็นไปได้

มูลค่าและคุณค่าของ Rune

ปัจจุบัน Rune เป็นโปรโตคอลเปิดที่ใครก็สามารถ Etching, Minting และ Transferring ได้ตามอัธยาศัยโดยไม่ต้องทำตามเงื่อนไขอะไรอื่นใดมากไปกว่าการจ่ายค่าธรรมเนียมธุรกรรมให้กับนักขุดบิตคอยน์ตามอัตราที่เป็นไปตามกลไกตลาด

หรืออีกนัยหนึ่งก็คือ Rune token นั้น ในตอนนี้ไม่ได้มีความพิเศษใด ๆ มากไปกว่าเป็นเครื่องพิสูจน์ว่าการสร้าง "Shitcoin on Bitcoin" นั้นสามารถทำได้อย่างดีขึ้นกว่าเดิม

วันหนึ่งอาจมีผู้ให้บริการออก stablecoin มาออก stablecoin ด้วย Rune token ก็นับว่าโทเค็นนั้นถูกแบ็คมูลค่าด้วยตัวผู้ให้บริการนั้นและสินทรัพย์ที่ถูกใช้หนุนหลังอยู่

วันหนึ่ง Rune token อาจสามารถถูก bridge ข้ามไปยังบล็อกเชนประเภท smart contract อื่น ๆ เพื่อเอาไปเล่น De-Fi หรือเล่นเกม Rune token ก็อาจจะมีคุณค่าในลักษณะนั้นเพิ่มขึ้นมา

หรือวันหนึ่ง หาก BitVM หรืออะไรบางอย่างที่คล้ายกันทำให้เครือข่ายบิตคอยน์มีความสามารถในการทำ smart contract บนเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์เอง Rune token ก็อาจจะมีกลไกบางอย่างคอยหนุนหลังให้มันมีมูลค่าอยู่ได้

แต่จนกว่าจะถึงตอนนั้นคุณค่าของ Rune token แต่ละตัว ก็ไม่ได้มีอะไรมากไปกว่าการเป็น memecoin เท่านั้น

Rune กับ สิ่งอื่น ๆ

Rune กับ Omni Layer

สิ่งแรกที่ผมรู้สึกว่าควรนำ Rune ไปเปรียบเทียบด้วยคือ Onmi Layer เพราะว่าคำสั่งของทั้งสองโปรโตคอลนี้ต่างใช้ OP_RETURN เช่นเดียวกัน

ข้อได้เปรียบข้อแรกที่ Rune มีดีกว่า คือ Rune ประหยัดพื้นที่บนบล็อกเชนมากกว่า จากการที่ OP_RETURN ของ RUNE นั้นกินพื้นที่บนบล็อกเชนตามจำเป็น การ Mint อาจกินพื้นที่เพียง 7 byte, การ Transfer อาจกินพื้นที่เพียง 11 byte แต่ Omni Layer นั้น เพียงแค่คำสั่งในการโอนครั้งเดียวจะใช้พื้นที่ 22 byte ซึ่งเป็นจำนวนที่ตายตัว ไม่มีการปรับให้สั้น-ยาว ตามความจำเป็น

อีกข้อได้เปรียบหนึ่งคือ Omni Layer นั้นเป็น account-based ทำให้ไม่สามารถนำ Omni token ขึ้นไปวิ่งอยู่บน Lightning channel ได้ ในขณะที่ Rune เป็น UTXO-based

Rune กับ Lightning Network

แม้ว่าความเป็นไปได้ในการสร้างโทเค็น "Shitcoin on Bitcoin" จะแทบไม่สิ้นสุด แต่สิ่งเดียวที่ผมคาดหวังในทางบวกคือการได้เห็น Fiat stablecoin ขึ้นไปวิ่งอยู่บน Lightning Network ซึ่งผมเชื่อว่าจะเป็นก้าวสำคัญที่เปิดประตูให้ no-coiner ได้เข้ามาใกล้ชิดกับบิตคอยน์มากขึ้น และเปิดโอกาสสู่ Bitcoin Adoption อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

และการที่ Rune เป็น UTXO-basd แล้ว ในทางทฤษฎีจะทำให้ Rune token สามารถถูกบรรจุลงไปใน UTXO ที่ถูกล็อคด้วย multi-sig address เพื่อสร้างเป็น lightning channel ระหว่าง lightning node ได้ และสามารถนำ Rune token ขึ้นไปวิ่งอยู่บน lightning network ได้ และหากว่า Rune token นั้นคือ Fiat stablecoin เราก็จะสามารถใช้งานเงินเฟียตผ่าน lightning network ได้ในท้ายที่สุด เช่นเดียวกับการใช้ Taproot Asset

อย่างไรก็ตามความหวังนี้ยังมีอุปสรรคสำคัญอีกสองประการ คือหนึ่ง จะต้องมีผู้ออก stablecoin อย่างเช่น Tether มาออก stablecoin บน Rune เสียก่อน และสองคือจะต้องมีใครสักคนพัฒนา Lightning Implementation หรือซอฟต์แวร์สำหรับการรัน lightning node ให้สามารถรองรับการมีอยู่ของ Rune token เสียก่อน

Rune กับ Taproot Asset

ผมเคยชื่นชอบการออกแบบของ Taproot Assets เป็นอย่างมากเมื่อเทียบกับโปรโตคอลคู่แข่งที่มีอยู่ในเวลานั้น แม้ปัจจุบันผมก็ยังยอมรับว่า Taproot Assets นั้นออกแบบมาได้อย่างงดงาม พิสดาร และสามารถทำอะไรได้หลายอย่างมาก

แต่เมื่อ Rune ปรากฎตัวขึ้นก็กลับเห็นได้ชัดว่า Taproot Assets เป็นการออกแบบที่ overengineering เมื่อเทียบกับสิ่งที่มันทำได้ ซึ่งส่วนใหญ่แล้ว Rune ก็ทำได้เช่นกันโดยใช้วิธีการที่เรียบง่ายกว่า ที่สำคัญคือวันนี้ Rune ถูกใช้งานจริงในวงกว้างแล้ว ในขณะที่ Taproot Assets ยังคงตามหลังอยู่

ยังไม่นับส่วนที่ว่า Taproot Assets จะต้องมีการตั้งหน่วยบริการข้อมูลภายนอกที่เรียกว่า Universe หรือพูดง่าย ๆ ก็คือ สำหรับโทเค็น Taproot Assets แต่ละประเภทจะต้องมีการตั้งเซิร์ฟเวอร์ของแต่ละโทเค็นขึ้นมาเพื่อคอยบริการข้อมูลแก่ผู้ใช้งาน เพราะว่าสิ่งที่ Taproot Assets บันทึกในบล็อกเชนของบิตคอยน์นั้นเป็นเพียง proof ของข้อมูลที่ถูกเก็บไว้นอกเชนโดย Universe นี้เอง หากปราศจากเซิร์ฟเวอร์ Universe หรือข้อมูลใน Universe สาบสูญไป ตัว Taproot Assets นั้นก็จะไม่สามารถใช้งานได้

ต่างกับ Rune ที่ทุก ๆ ข้อมูลที่จำเป็นถูกบันทึกอยู่ในบล็อกเชนของบิตคอยน์ด้วย OP_RETURN ซึ่งวอลเล็ตสามารถดึงข้อมูลทุกอย่างได้จากโหนดของบิตคอยน์ ไม่จำเป็นต้องขอข้อมูลจากแหล่งอื่นเลย ในแง่นี้จะกล่าวว่าในเชิงความแข็งแกร่งของตัวโทเค็นแล้ว Rune มีความแข็งแกร่งมากกว่า Taproot Assets ก็ว่าได้

Rune กับ BRC-20

ในขณะที่ BRC-20 ทั้งซับซ้อน กินพื้นที่บนบล็อกเชนมาก และไม่แข็งแกร่งเท่า Rune เป็นสิ่งที่ตรงกันข้ามทั้งหมด

เริ่มจากในการทำธุรกรรมใดๆ ด้วย BRC-20 ผู้ใช้จะต้องทำธุรกรรมบนเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์ถึงสองครั้ง ครั้งแรกเพื่อซ่อนคำสั่ง BRC-20 ไว้ใต้ hash ของ taproot address เรียกว่า "commit transaction" และทำธุรกรรมครั้งที่สองเพื่อเปิดเผยคำสั่งที่ถูกซ่อนไว้ออกมา เรียกว่า "review transaction"

โดยที่ธุรกรรมทั้งสองขั้นตอนนี้จะต้องถูกทำต่อกันตามลำดับ แม้ว่า commit transaction ของธุรกรรม BRC-20 หลาย ๆ ธุรกรรม อาจสามารถถูกรวบเป็น batch transaction เดียวกันได้ แต่ review transaction ก็จะต้องเกิดขึ้นแยกแต่ละรายธุรกรรมอยู่ดี และไม่ได้เปลี่ยนแปลงความจริงที่ว่าธุรกรรม BRC-20 หนึ่งครั้ง ต้องพึ่งพาธุรกรรมสองครั้งอยู่ดี

ธรรมชาติของโปรโตคอลที่ออกแบบมาในลักษณะนี้ทำให้ตลาดการแข่งกันจ่ายค่าธรรมเนียมมีความดุเดือดเกินจำเป็น โดยเฉพาะระหว่างช่วงที่ผู้ใช้แย่งกัน Mint โทเค็นให้ทันก่อนที่โทเค็นจะถูก mint จนเต็มอุปทานสูงสุด เพราะว่าเมื่อผู้ใช้ทำ commit transaction สำเร็จไปแล้ว เท่ากับว่าผู้ใช้เกิด sunk cost สำหรับความพยายามนี้ไปแล้วโดยที่ยังทำธุรกรรมไม่สำเร็จด้วยซ้ำ และเขาต้องพยายามจ่ายค่าธรรมเนียมแข่งกับคนอื่น ๆ เพื่อทำ review transaction ให้ทันก่อนที่คนอื่นจะแซงหน้า ไม่เช่นนั้นค่าธรรมเนียมที่เคยจ่ายไปสำหรับ commit transaction ก่อนหน้านี้ก็จะสูญเปล่า

นอกจากนี้ตัวคำสั่ง BRC-20 ที่ถูกเปิดเผยออกมาใน review transaction นั้นจะถือว่าเป็นส่วน signature ซึ่งถูกบันทึกอยู่ใน segwit block ที่โหนดบิตคอยน์บางโหนดอาจจะตัดสินใจ prune ทิ้งได้เพื่อลดภาระในการจัดเก็บข้อมูล ในขณะที่การใช้ OP_RETURN จะทำให้ตัวคำสั่ง Rune ถูกบันทึกไว้ในบล็อกเชนหลักของบิตคอยน์โดยตรงและมั่นใจได้ว่าจะไม่มี full node ไหนลบข้อมูลส่วนนี้ทิ้ง

เป็นที่น่ายินดีว่าเมื่อ Rune ถูกใช้งานจริง Rune ก็เบียดบังปริมาณธุรกรรม BRC-20 จนแทบจะสูญพันธุ์ไป

Rune กับ Cashu และ Fedimint

Cashu และ Fedimint ไม่ใช่คู่แข่งของ Rune และบางทีเราอาจเห็นการใช้งานร่วมกัน

ในความเห็นของผม เป็นการยากที่จะเจาะจงว่า Cashu กับ Fedimint นับเป็นเลเยอร์ที่ 2 หรือ 3 ของบิตคอยน์กันแน่ เพราะหากว่าเราแบ็คอัพโทเค็นในระบบไว้ด้วย Bitcoin on-chain ก็นับว่าระบบนี้เป็น Layer 2 แต่ถ้าแบ็คอัพด้วย Bitcoin lightning ก็นับว่าระบบนี้เป็น Layer 3 และบางที ก็อาจมีบาง Cashu หรือ Fedimint ที่เปิดให้สมาชิกสามารถฝากถอนจากระบบด้วยทั้งสองเลเยอร์ ก็ยิ่งยากที่จะระบุเข้าไปใหญ่

ประเด็นก็คือโทเค็นในระบบ Cashu และ Fedimint สามารถถูกแบ็คอัพด้วยอะไรก็ได้ที่สามารถฝากถอนได้ และ Rune token ก็เป็นหนึ่งในนั้น ดั้งนั้นคงไม่แปลกถ้าในอนาคตเราจะสามารถฝาก Rune token เข้าไปในระบบเหล่านี้และสามารถใช้งานได้โดยมีความเป็นส่วนตัวสูงมากขึ้นกว่าเดิม

สรุป

ถ้าหากว่า "Shitcoin on Bitcoin" เป็น nerrative ที่หลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้ และเรากำลังพยายามมองหาโปรโตคอลที่ดีที่สุดสำหรับการทำสิ่งนี้ ในวันนี้ผมเชื่อว่า Rune คือสิ่งที่ใกล้เคียงคำว่า "สมบูรณ์แบบ" มากที่สุดสำหรับเรื่องนี้ มันดูราวกับจะเป็น "ตัวจบ" ที่ยากจะหาอะไรดียิ่งกว่า

Rune เป็นส่วนผสมที่ลงตัวระหว่างความแข็งแกร่งของตัวโทเค็น (คือเทียบเท่ากับบิตคอยน์), ภาระที่เกิดขึ้นบนบล็อกเชนหลักที่ไม่มากเกินไป และความสามารถในการขยายขีดจำกัดเพื่อรองรับปริมาณธุรกรรมจำนวนมาก (scaling)

Rune อาจสามารถดึงเอา demand สำหรับการส่งผ่านมูลค่าในหน่วยเงินอื่น จากที่เดิมที่เคยหนีจากบิตคอยน์ไปเพราะความล่าช้าและค่าใช้จ่ายที่แพง ให้กลับมาอยู่บนบิตคอยน์อีกครั้งหนึ่ง และเราจะได้รู้กันว่าโทเค็นต่าง ๆ ที่อยู่บน "บล็อกเชนอื่น ๆ" นั้นมันอยู่ตรงนั้นเพราะมีความต้องการที่จะใช้งานของเล่นต่างๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ smart contract จริง ๆ หรือเพียงเพราะตรงนั้นมันโอนเงินได้ถูกกว่าและไวกว่าเฉย ๆ

แต่ถ้าหากว่าวันนี้บิตคอยน์มี Rune แล้วยังไม่มีความคืบหน้าใด ๆ เกิดขึ้นหลังจากนี้ บางที "Shitcoin on Bitcoin" ก็อาจจะไม่ได้เป็น nerrative "ของแทร่" อย่างที่เราคิด

วันนี้ไม่เหลือที่ว่างสำหรับข้ออ้างว่า "เราจะต้องรอให้มีโปรโตคอลที่ดีกว่านี้" อีกต่อไปแล้ว มีแต่จะ "ปัง" หรือ "พัง" เท่านั้น

และนั่นคือเรื่องที่เราต้องจับตาดูกันต่อไป

Siamstr

Rune

@ 76c71aae:3e29cafa

Why are there 5.5 million people with Bluesky accounts and about 800k to 1.3M on Nostr?

Some of it boils down to social dynamics and chance. It's akin to how immigrants often cluster in the same neighborhoods. Most people are simply following their communities, and their primary decision is driven by where their community is heading.

Why did the communities choose Bluesky over Nostr, Mastodon, Farcaster, or the several dozen centralized and decentralized alternatives?

That’s a more pertinent question. Firstly, very few people actually make these decisions, and most simply follow them. Secondly, the choices aren't primarily based on the technology or the features of the apps or protocols.

Bluesky had certain advantages and disadvantages. It received a fair amount of press as a Twitter spinoff. However, it was late to launch, only preceded by Threads, which had Meta’s platforms for promotion.

In terms of initial marketing, I’d say Bluesky and Nostr were about equal, both often pitched as a ‘Jack Dorsey thing’, which wasn’t true in either case. The press loves stories about people and drama over networks and systems. Social media is vast and complex, and its technology even more so, which is why it’s often presented through personalized narratives about the creators.

Under the hood, Bluesky’s atproto and Nostr are very similar technologically. Both were inspired by Secure Scuttlebutt. Bluesky has adopted a cathedral model of open source, akin to how Android is open source but controlled by Google. Meanwhile, Nostr developed under the bazaar model of open source, created by a community rather than a company.

This company model gives Bluesky some advantages; for instance, they could launch with an invite list, a classic tactic to make something feel more desirable. Even then, most Bluesky users haven’t posted a single thing, and when they had a million registered users, they had fewer than 1500 Daily Active Users (DAU) see bluesky stats.

Bluesky is a lot easier to try than Nostr. The ways keys and content signing work in Bluesky and Nostr are overwhelmingly similar, except that Nostr doesn’t tell you where to store your keys and in Bluesky, you put them on your PDS server, which Bluesky provided free by default for all new users.

This means for Nostr, you have to figure out what to do with your nsec and npub, then how to get a nip-05 for a Nostr name which makes sense. If you want to log in with a username and password, you need to find and set up a nip-46 service. Not all apps support that, so you’re copying and pasting around an nsec. If you want to use a web app, you need to go find and choose one of several browser extensions and set that up. This is easy and natural for folks with experience in crypto but really foreign for everyone else.

Maybe a million people have figured out how to get started on Nostr; it’s definitely possible. And some apps like Primal and Nos have integrated name services as part of the signup, which makes it cleaner.

Once you’re on Nostr, people often discuss zaps, a functionality that may not work as expected. You’ve got to learn how to set up a wallet, what lightning and Bitcoin are. Some get really into it, we’ve seen folks get into Bitcoin through Nostr, but for many, it’s a confusing hurdle.

Bluesky provides a neat way to get into a single default app and gives you a username. Sure, you can change it—I self-host my DID at rabble.nz—but apparently less than 1% of Bluesky users do that, just like most Nostr users have chosen to use a cloud service for their nip-05 Nostr name.

Why else has Bluesky grown bigger than Nostr? It's their approach to positioning the protocol. They’ve set up default moderation controls and a trust and safety team. Initially, they didn’t have these, and when users demanded action and the company refused, growth stalled and usage dropped last July. The Bluesky team didn’t post for about a month, and there was a real question about whether Bluesky would survive.

The user community wanted pretty heavy-handed moderation. The Bluesky team was committed to building a decentralized protocol that didn’t do that. The compromise was that Bluesky would be slow about opening up open federation over atproto until the Bluesky apps, protocol, and company-hosted services could have a trust and safety team and a moderation bot. Their moderation bot is fancier than @reportinator, but it’s the same idea, but with a bigger team of humans reviewing reports. And if you’re using the Bluesky-provided PDS, there’s no way to block or unfollow their default moderation bot. We don’t make everybody on Nostr follow nostr:npub14h23jzlyvumks4rvrz6ktk36dxfyru8qdf679k7q8uvxv0gm0vnsyqe2sh .

That compromise worked for the community and company, and the user base started growing again. The negative press about Bluesky's content ceased and those upset by the policies left, some migrating to Nostr. Bluesky was able to position itself as the socially responsible social media protocol that was easy to use. Jack deleted his Bluesky account, signaling to the world and press what we already knew: he is much more interested in Nostr’s approach to bottom-up development by community and support for lightning payments.

During this period, Nostr's growth really stalled. There are a few reasons for this. We'd saturated the community of folks who both love Bitcoin and dislike Elon enough to leave Twitter. Additionally, our new user experience pushed people to view a global feed dominated by a single topic of conversation.

Nostr has positioned itself strongly as a protocol for those who are freedom-loving, anti-censorship Bitcoin enthusiasts. The easiest Nostr client for new users, Primal, markets itself as a Bitcoin wallet first, and only secondarily as a social media app. People view Nostr as a Web3 project. We’ve had individuals visit the Nos.social website and decline involvement, saying they dislike Web3 because they perceive it as a planet-harming scam (let's not argue the carbon emissions of mining here). We never mention Web3 or any cryptocurrency elements on the Nos website, yet all decentralization has been associated with dubious schemes.

As Nostr’s growth has stalled, the ecosystem has matured and flourished. Nostr boasts technology and apps that other platforms envy. I often hear Bluesky and Fediverse developers express admiration for the cool things Nostr is doing with technology and apps, but since their communities don’t use it, they don’t either.

Just look at the articles my posts last week about Nostr vs. ActivityPub kicked off: Extending ActivityPub and Nomadic Identity is Coming to ActivityPub

I suspect what’s holding back Nostr is twofold. First, how we talk about Nostr. We discuss it in political and ideological terms—we're against censorship, for free speech, value-for-value, etc.—but not about the types of content and people on Nostr, how to find your friends, or the interesting stuff you followed elsewhere. Nor do we talk about how you can use all these cool apps with the same identity and content. It's a hard concept to grasp, and I find myself constantly having to explain it.

The biggest issue people see with Nostr is its perceived association with Bitcoin enthusiasts plus those who’ve been deplatformed elsewhere, often for contentious reasons. I’m not saying the deplatforming was justified, but the perception among those unfamiliar with arbitrary bans and sanctions on platforms is that those who've been deplatformed had it coming—that they were all conspiracy theorists, bigots, or harassers. Some were, some were not, but it's perceived that way by many.

The way we talk about Nostr and onboard new users doesn’t help. The goal of the creator and journalism projects we just launched was to both diversify the content on Nostr for new users and to demonstrate to those creators and journalists that micropayments and paid content on Nostr are viable alternatives/additions to how they publish on social media elsewhere. It is value-for-value without the label, because our theory is that people want the functionality but aren't so keen on the cultural ideology.

This is all solvable. We can: - Make it easier to set up a nip-05 for new users. - Ensure that nip-05 also functions as an nsec bunker for easy login, if users desire. - Add Webfinger files so your nip-05 name functions as a Fediverse name (it’s pretty easy to do; we're experimenting with it on nos.social). - Show users a variety of content types when they join. - Help users find communities, perhaps encouraging groups/channels the way Farcaster does. - Make it easy to find and choose moderation settings, offering more middleware services like Reportinator but with different content labeling ideas. - Change our marketing to attract these new users, focusing on what they can see and who they can connect with, less on Bitcoin, technology, or evading censorship. - Develop apps that offer new functionalities, drawing people in instead of being mere clones with or without certain features.

It always takes a long time for people to figure out what the native mediums are on a technology platform. Initially people would make a phone call to listen to a concert, the first radio stations had people just reading the newspaper, and the first tv broadcasts were either a camera pointed at radio announcers or a single camera shot of a play. People always do the same things, we're the same humans that evolved a couple hundred thousand years ago, same brains, same bodies. What's changed is the way we do things with technology, so what fundamental human thing can we do new and different now that we've got these social protocols and tech?

Addressing the app design and technology will help, but actual growth will come when people discover us, join, find connections, and genuinely want to invite others to join them. Nostr users are incredibly welcoming to new users. However, we also have a subset of users who engage in sexist, racist, and homophobic harassment. This harassment drives people away from Nostr and deters them from recommending it to others. If we don't provide better tools for users to protect themselves from this harassment, they'll leave and find social spaces where they feel safe. Some might abandon public social media altogether, or just switch to Bluesky, which promises to eventually open up their network and has just announced support for uploading images, coming soon.

We're way ahead of the other protocols in some areas and way behind in others. We've got enough momentum and users to figure this out, but we're not there yet.

@ fbe736db:187bb0d5

This is a slightly abridged version of an article that was published in Bitcoin magazine in September 2021. MSTR's holdings of Bitcoin have further evolved, but the concepts still remain.

This article will explore:

a) How we might discern the value of MicroStrategy (MSTR), a company in a fairly unique situation in the space, as well as the basics of how value investors operate.

b) Whether or not, given that MSTR is so heavily invested in bitcoin, the main opportunity cost of investing in MSTR is owning an equivalent amount of bitcoin. Hence, why it now makes more sense to value it in bitcoin than in dollars. The explanation is followed by some rough attempts to do just that.

c) Why the approach of pricing in bitcoin might become more and more relevant in the future.

As is well known, MSTR is a company which now has significant skin in the Bitcoin game. In August 2020 it was announced that they were adopting Bitcoin as their primary treasury reserve asset. They converted their entire corporate treasury into bitcoin and have continued to convert free cashflows into bitcoin since. There were also two convertible debt issues to follow, the proceeds of which were also fully converted to bitcoin. Most recently in June 2021, there was further non convertible debt issued, using the proceeds to purchase yet more bitcoin.

Some numbers for context. As of the time of this writing (August 5, 2021):

MicroStrategy HODLs 105,085 BTC worth a total of approx $4.1B (purchased at an average price of $26,080 per coin). The MSTR share price is currently $666, with a total company value of approx $6.5B. Their situation is unparalleled amongst other companies in terms of both:

• their bitcoin holdings as a percentage of their company value or market cap
• the overall size of the company.

In other words, other large companies (such as Tesla) hold much smaller percentages of bitcoin relative to company size, whereas other high percentage holders are simply far smaller in size.

These numbers can be seen at the following chart of bitcoin treasuries in publicly traded and private companies.

Starting around August of 2020, we began to see bitcoin being added to the balance sheets of public companies. One such company is MSTR. This is why you often hear MSTR described as a proxy Bitcoin ETF. However, it’s a more dynamic situation than that due to their likely ongoing BTC buys in the future. Hence why I’m looking at how a traditional value investor might value them.

https://twitter.com/saylor/status/1523646766549434373

Traditional Dollar Based Valuation

First, the way the market will mainly be valuing MSTR is in dollar terms. After all, the share price is priced in dollars and profits are made in dollars.

For those unfamiliar, I’m going to explain how this type of valuation might be formed step by step.

MSTR makes fairly stable profits and have not grown significantly in recent years.. The most conventional way of valuing a company like this is to sum up the present value of all of estimated future profits, and then to add in any other relevant assets aside from this, like bitcoin.

What do we mean by present value? $100 received in 10 years time is not as valuable as $100 right now , so we need to discount future profits by an interest rate to derive the value now.

For example, we might value $100 in 10 years as: $100 / 1.0122 ^ 10 = $88.60

The interest rate used here is the 10-year return on U.S. treasuries, seen as the “risk-free” rate of return on U.S. dollars. Treasuries are considered near risk free because if it ever came to it, the Fed could create more dollars to pay the obligation.

In other words, if we want $100 in 10 years, we can invest $88.60 now to return it. Conversely we can say that the prospect of being paid $100 in 10 years is “worth” $88.60 to us now. We can then repeat this calculation every year to “discount” all expected future profits and sum them all up. This method of valuation is particularly analogous to valuing companies paying dividends, since these profits get paid out to shareholders as cash flow streams. It’s pretty similar to the method of valuing a bond too.

As it happens, historically MicroStrategy did not pay out profits as dividends, but built up a large cash pile on their balance sheet, which is what led Michael Saylor to consider bitcoin in the first place. Whether dividends are actually paid out, put on the balance sheet, or reinvested in the business, it is the underlying ability to generate profits which underpins the basis of value investing.

In reality, analysts use a much higher interest rate in their calculation for valuing shares than the risk free rate. The overall interest rate used might reflect the risk free treasury rate for the period in question plus an additional “equity risk premium”. The latter reflects the fact that future profits are much less certain to be realised than nominal returns in U.S. treasuries, which are seen as risk free. This premium is highly subjective but may sit at about 5–6% per annum. for US Equities on average. .

All told, the current MSTR market cap of $6.5B reflects current bitcoin holdings worth $4.1B, plus the present value placed on the discounted sum of all future profits, along with other factors. These might include any positive or negative premium placed on MSTR by the market, and also an adjustment for the convertible debt issued, as to whether these are likely to be converted to equity at future dates.

In June 2021 there was a further bond issue announced, and yet another illustration of MSTR being in a dynamic situation and acquiring more bitcoin when the opportunity presents. This latest bond issue is not convertible. It has been used to buy more bitcoin now, but will reduce their capacity to convert future profits to bitcoin as they will have to pay these bond coupon payments as a priority. To illustrate this, the issue is $500m at an annual interest rate of 6.125%, so the company will have to pay around $30.6m each year to service the interest payments.

Bitcoin Based Valuation

I think there is now a slight issue with the conventional way of valuing MSTR in dollar terms. It relates to the opportunity cost of buying MicroStrategy shares.

Every time we invest in an asset, we forgo the use of that money somewhere else — this is called the opportunity cost. But where else might we hold that money? There is no way anyone is investing in MSTR now without being a believer in the substantial bitcoin held by them as a longer-term investment. Arguably, by investing in MicroStrategy one is mainly foregoing a “risk free” investment in bitcoin itself that they could otherwise hold. The logical result is to try and price MSTR in BTC instead. And in doing so, evaluate whether the MSTR investment is worth the bitcoin invested, versus the risks.

It’s worth noting that there are stakeholders out there for whom the only exposure to bitcoin permitted them is buying shares in a company such as MSTR. While this may be significant for some, let’s assume otherwise for now.

So how do we price MSTR in bitcoin? The starting point is simple: MicroStrategy holds 105,085 bitcoin right now.

We then need to add on a present value of all the bitcoin they might accumulate in the future. This is clearly the tricky part, as profits are in dollar terms, so we have to estimate how the bitcoin price in dollars might move over time. We also have to estimate the future profits of the company (same as before).

This article is focused more on the concept than the practice. I’m certainly not going to model either with any precision. However, I’ve made up some far-out scenarios to illustrate. In regard to profits converted to bitcoin, others are far better qualified to dig through the accounts, but for the purposes of this illustration let’s assume MSTR converts $50M worth of profits to bitcoin each quarter and that this continues for 15 years. All highly subjective.

How would we discount these profits? Holding BTC doesn’t offer a risk-free return, so we don’t have to use a treasury rate as above — we in effect use 0%.

However, the equity risk premium part referred to above should still stand. This again reflects the uncertainty of making an equity investment, in this case, versus simply holding the underlying risk-free bitcoin. Remember, it’s termed “risk free” in BTC terms.

Finally, we need prices of conversion to BTC. I’d view any stochastic analysis as simply impossible to get right. To keep things simple, let’s deterministically apply three scenarios for the next 15 years for an illustration:

a) “To the moon” — bitcoin hitting $1M per bitcoin in 15 years time.

b) “Slow and steady” — achieving growth of under 5% per annum to hit $80,000 per bitcoin in 15 years.

c) “False dawn” — a swift retreat down to $5,000 per bitcoin after this year and remaining at this level, supported only by hardcore HODLers from then on.

These are deliberately differing scenarios. The screenshot below shows — in theory — how much BTC might be purchased in each year for each scenario.

https://image.nostr.build/84d82466bb3158d34f08872ebda89dbf1eba27dd81bd234ee2843ac72dd96279.png

https://image.nostr.build/f32142c3788c9eb898420e0ea4016435751682b0907ec41682b304213184bbc1.png

Do not take these numbers seriously!

So how would we evaluate an investment of bitcoin into MSTR today?

To keep the illustration simple, let’s consider one share of MSTR and try to value this single share in bitcoin,in terms of the bitcoin MSTR holds now, plus future profits converted to bitcoin.

We then need to discount the additional future BTC buys from the table above, and add the sum of those to this too. So:

• We converted the assumed annual USD profits at the broad brush rates in each scenario (see table above);
• discount using the equity risk premium only to obtain the present values of future bitcoin purchases (see table below); and
• add the existing bitcoin that MSTR hold.

Summing these then provides an estimate of future bitcoin MSTR purchases under each scenario.

https://image.nostr.build/9bc4d14692a637495291291ed292ac92d0af62b81b5f9d25660f2f49c2e33e1c.jpg

[The question:“if we invest one bitcoin into MSTR shares, will we make a positive return on that when we value those shares in bitcoin?”]

As shown above, when we compare the overall value of sats that one share of MSTR might generate to the current price in SATs, we see the following returns -

a) -30%

b) -15%

c) +174%

Based on scenario A, it might be a hard sell to invest your bitcoin into MSTR. Scenario B is close to par, and scenario C actually looks like a good payoff in BTC terms.

The most striking thing about these results becomes obvious when you think about it. The worse bitcoin performs over the 15-year period in dollar terms, the better an investment MSTR looks when valued in BTC. This is as MSTR will acquire more BTC at a lower bitcoin price for the dollar profits it makes.

Many thanks for early comments on this article from @YATReviews on Twitter, who has pointed out this outcome is consistent with viewing MSTR as a “bitcoin dividend security”. For normal dividend stocks valued in dollars, their dividends (if consistent) can actually prove more powerful at compounding wealth when the share price is low, since those dividends purchase more shares.

The other point to note is that if BTC increases lots in dollar terms in the coming years, at the present size of the business MSTR may not move the dial that much in terms of adding to their holdings (see scenario A, where only around 10% more bitcoin is added to current holdings from future profilts).).

Some large disclaimers: as already mentioned, no allowance is currently made of the convertible bonds issued which can be converted to equity. My understanding is that the first offer had a conversion rate of $398 for 1.6M shares; a simple method is to include these on the number of shares in the valuation, if not included already. The second offering is at $1,432, so this is more complex to price. I would love any feedback on simple ways to include them. Also, there is the most recent “straight up” bond issue from June 2021 which is not convertible. Whilst we have assumed slightly lower profits converted to bitcoin due to the $30m annual coupon payments, we should also allow for the repayment of the $500m principal at expiration.

[On the above - see the "Quant Bros" on YouTube who have done much more in depth analysing MSTR in recent months. Since this article was written, the convertible debt has become much larger in terms of MSTR's repeated bitcoin purchases; this article simply assumed more regular buying over time from ongoing profits. Valuing the convertible debt is key - there is innate uncertainty over whether each tranche will get converted to equity, or repaid as debt]

https://image.nostr.build/4fc082eb54355ba2057126366c44f11ab6eecb52f7094cf0318aa6ede2b67cfb.jpg Credit — @bitcoingraffiti on Twitter

Final Thoughts

Why might this change of valuation method to value in bitcoin prove relevant?

Preston Pysh has previously commented on this. Imagine we were to move to an increasingly bitcoin denominated world in which bitcoin continues to appreciate and more and more companies hold bitcoin on their balance sheets.

Individuals with bitcoin would still make investments, but only if the potential of these investments outweigh the opportunity cost of just holding bitcoin instead. This might lead back to “value” equities performing well again, as entities generating profits can add more bitcoin to their balance sheets. Conversely, companies not generating free cashflows can’t, and hence their valuations when priced in bitcoin might be lower..

It might be said that the current trend to invest in growth equities results from everyone having a pretty high time preference — and hence not valuing future dividends as much. Bitcoin reduces time preference and hence might change this. For the concept to really resonate, future profits would be realized (or at least easily valued) in bitcoin. For now, it is only really bitcoin miners for whom this type of calculation can be made, (Adam Back has commented on this too) but even they have fiat denominated costs.

Disclaimer — the author owns both bitcoin and shares in MSTR. This article should not be taken as an endorsement to buy either.

@ 362ebffa:492e2719

Once again trying some new #nostr item from the ecosystem because why not?

@ 6b9da920:7841cc6e

When I was a corporate programmer, I never had the chance to directly work with designers because I was a backend developer and more importantly, individual contributors usually have no sayings on what designers should be. Usually, the project manager discusses with designers and decides what should be done and we as programmers just receive the decisions.

In this context, programmers are not treated as engineers because real engineers have to influence the design.

I have the chance to work on designs and with designers for the first time in my life since I started Nostr last year. It has been a huge learning journey for me.

---

At first, I simply saw UI designers as some kind of painter that drew the shapes I want as the product creator. I have worked with several different designers to come up with UIs or graphics in a side gig, ad-hoc way, either paid or as a community effort.

I need to thank @Karnage and nostr:npub10000003zmk89narqpczy4ff6rnuht2wu05na7kpnh3mak7z2tqzsv8vwqk who have volunteered to help me a bit.

However, the problem unveiled itself shortly. I never finished their design! Roughly 12 months ago, I asked @Karnage to do a redesign of Blowater. He finished it in like a week. But I still have not implemented 30% of what he designed!

Why?

The surface reason is that there are designs that I don't like or visuals that simply goes against the functionality intention. I, as the product creator, did not communicate clearly with the designer what functionalities I want. Therefore, many changes, iterations are needed.

The root reason is, in an exploratory project, designers can't be treated as ad-hoc helpers or outsourced laborers. They have to participate in the core process to shape the product. They can't just do the UIs, they have to actively get involved into the design of the whole product, from functionalities to UIs. This is what I did not understand back then and it took me 12 months to realize. While a designer does not need to spend 40 hours working on a single project. They still need to be considered as a full-time team member instead of an occasional helper.

---

To address the title, moving forward, I either have to become a UI designer myself, or I have to work with a designer who shares similar visions and is willing to work with me as a long term collaborator. I will never outsource ad-hoc design works again.

@ 2540d50a:a9056eb4

On 21st April 2024, the Kajan Eatery in Canggu, Bali, became a lively hub filled with curious minds and bitcoin maximalists. This special gathering was part of a world tour by YakiHonne, aiming to bring together passionate supporters of Bitcoin and Nostr from around the globe.

**A Day of Learning about Nostr Protocol ** The event was a deep dive into the world of Bitcoin and Nostr, important technologies of privacy and freedom on the internet. Nostr, which stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays," impressed me with its focus on keeping communication private and free from control. It works by letting many independent nodes pass messages along, strengthening the network's privacy and reliability.

We also explored how Nostr works hand-in-hand with the Lightning Network, which makes Bitcoin transactions faster and cheaper. This combination enhances both messaging and financial transactions, showing the power of Bitcoin and Nostr working together.

YakiHonne showcased its platform that's built on Nostr protocol and focuses on sharing media like articles and videos in a way that protects the creator’s freedom and even lets them earn some Bitcoin—a magic internet money—while they share their work.

**Hands-On Experience: Downloading and Earning ** A standout moment was when most of us downloaded the YakiHonne app. The organizers walked us through the setup and even gave us some Bitcoin to start. This wasn't just learning; it was doing. For a few of us, it was our first step into the world of Bitcoin, made simple and exciting by the guidance we received.

**Thoughts and Feelings About the Day ** This wasn't just another Bitcoin meetup; it felt like the beginning of an end of authoritarian regime Indonesia is in. We were all there because we believe in a future where the internet is free and open. Learning about Bitcoin’s roots in privacy and democracy from Satoshi Nakamoto's writings, and seeing how these ideas are still alive in projects like Nostr and YakiHonne, was inspiring.

**Hoping for More ** As the day ended, none of us wanted to leave. We had started the day as strangers but became companions in the journey towards a more censorship resistant world. There’s a strong desire in all of us for YakiHonne to return to Bali, to continue this journey and learn about Bitcoin and Nostr.

In short, the event by YakiHonne and Bitcoin Indonesia was much more than a workshop. It was a powerful experience that helped us understand the importance of censorship resistant protocols like Bitcoin and Nostr. We all even got some YakiHonne T-shirts, thanks to Ruby and Coral who travelled across the seas to visit us in Bali. Until next time!

Bitcoin Indonesia team https://bitcoinindonesia.xyz/ @bitcoinindo21

@ 6ad08392:ea301584

Release announcement & short overview

Two years, six drafts, and 125,000 words later, and The Bushido of Bitcoin is almost complete. 

Before the book’s release in Q3 of this year I will be doing a few things: 

1. Making it available for pre-order on Geyser. For the general paperback, digital and audio copies, it will save you roughly 50%. I will also include some limited edition options, like a short run of 21 leather-bound versions of the book. More on that in the coming weeks.
2. Drip-feeding snippets from the book, in the form of quotes, lessons, etymology progressions and insights, across all my socials. On Substack I’ll do longer form posts, on Twitter & Nostr, I’ll keep them more succinct, and finally, I’m reviving my Instagram to wrap the insights in beautiful, shareable, bite-size visuals. 
3. Jumping on a bunch of podcasts, both Bitcoin and not Bitcoin-related to dig into the content of the book. I’ve recorded with Breedlove already. Many more to come - and who knows, I may even revive my old Wake Up Podcast and do a few short episodes there too.

I want to treat this book as both an ongoing work and a piece of art. So alongside the book, I’m also going to produce some pieces of visual and physical art. The video trailer, alone, I promise will blow your mind., as will the warrior-samurai artwork I’m going to have commissioned in collaboration with some soon-to-be-announced artists. I’ll probably even do a tradings cards pack with Bitcoin Trading cards next year, and some other collaborations along the way. 

In any case, it’s been an incredible journey writing this book and I’m honoured to have had people like John Carter help me edit it, and Ross Stevens agreeing to do the foreword. I can’t wait to have the final version completed and in your hands.

For those who might be wondering what I am talking about…

**What is The Bushido of Bitcoin? **

This is a book I’ve been writing for almost two years now. Its genesis was a conversation I had with Erik Cason on my old Wake Up Podcast - also called “The Bushido of Bitcoin.” It was Episode 65: you can check out here. The inspiration for that episode came from a shared love of the book by James Clavell, called: Shogun (now a HBO series - which it seems they didn’t make woke..thank God), and of course we related the idea of Bushido (Way of the warrior: Code of Virtue) back to Bitcoin.

I felt that this was a seed of an idea, well worth watering. So after that, I decided to go on a history binge and start collecting ideas. What ensued was a real journey. I must’ve listened to a thousand hours of history books and Dan Carlin podcasts in the first six months and the concept began to form. But before I tell you what the concept is - let me tell you what it’s not.

This is NOT another book about the history of money, nor does it make an Austrian case for sound money, or an economic case for Bitcoin as sound money. Neither is it concerned with how Bitcoin works, or any of the technicals. We have enough of those books, and I don’t think I will add anything new to that corpus of knowledge. What this book IS about, is something so much deeper and more profound: The behaviour, virtue, culture and civilisation of greatness.

The book seeks to answer the question: “What happens when Bitcoin wins?”   What happens to those who rise to the top, and become the socio-economic elite of the world? 

• Will we become a new parasitic class? 
• Will we become self-indulgent degenerates? Or.. 
• Will become men and women of virtue?

The latter is not a given, and it’s certainly not enough to just say “Bitcoin Fixes This.” To become men and women of stature and character requires actively developing the virtues which give rise to a culture of excellence. This is the only way to reclaim and rebuild civilisation - complaining and wishing about the past won’t cut it.

Over the coming weeks, I will introduce you to the Ten Virtues that make up The Bushido of Bitcoin. The book of course is more complete, but I will hold nothing back. We’ll follow the historical and etymological genesis of these virtues with an in-depth analysis on how they were embodied by the greatest leaders and warriors throughout history. We’ll also draw lessons from this analysis that will help us navigate the road ahead.

What lies before us may be a “clown world” but hope is far from lost. We’ve been here before. Many times, and against greater odds. This is our generation’s opportunity for a re-conquista. 

The Bushido of Bitcoin is written to remind you there is something greater inside of you, and the only way through hell, is forward. I hope you find value in the up-coming content, and that should you pick up a copy of the book, it greatly inspires you. 

Thankyou Aleksandar Svetski

Per-order the book here: https://geyser.fund/project/bushidoofbitcoin Get a free introductory chapter here: BushidoOfBitcoin.com Follow my work here: Linktree.com/Svetski

@ b12b632c:d9e1ff79

What's Blossom?

Blossom offers a bunch of HTTP endpoints that let Nostr users stash and fetch binary data on public servers using the SHA256 hash as a universal ID.

You can find more -precise- information about Blossom on the Nostr article published today by hzrd149, the developper behind it:

nostr:naddr1qqxkymr0wdek7mfdv3exjan9qgszv6q4uryjzr06xfxxew34wwc5hmjfmfpqn229d72gfegsdn2q3fgrqsqqqa28e4v8zy

You find the Blossom github repo here:

GitHub - hzrd149/blossom: Blobs stored simply on mediaservers https://github.com/hzrd149/blossom

Meet Blobs

Blobs are files with SHA256 hashes as IDs, making them unique and secure. You can compute these IDs from the files themselves using the sha256 hashing algorithm (when you run sha256sum bitcoin.pdf).

Meet Drives

Drives are like organized events on Nostr, mapping blobs to filenames and extra info. It's like setting up a roadmap for your data.

How do Servers Work?

Blossom servers have four endpoints for users to upload and handle blobs:

GET /<sha256>: Get blobs by their SHA256 hash, maybe with a file extension. PUT /upload: Chuck your blobs onto the server, verified with signed Nostr events. GET /list/<pubkey>: Peek at a list of blobs tied to a specific public key for smooth management. DELETE /<sha256>: Trash blobs from the server when needed, keeping things tidy.

Yon can find detailed information about the Blossom Server Implementation here..

https://github.com/hzrd149/blossom/blob/master/Server.md

..and the Blossom-server source code is here:

https://github.com/hzrd149/blossom-server

What's Blossom Drive?

Think of Blossom Drive as the "Front-End" (or a public cloud drive) of Blossom servers, letting you upload, manage, share your files/folders blobs.

Source code is available here:

https://github.com/hzrd149/blossom-drive

Developpers

If you want to add Blossom into your Nostr client/app, the blossom-client-sdk explaining how it works (with few examples 🙏) is published here:

https://github.com/hzrd149/blossom-client-sdk

How to self-host Blossom server & Blossom Drive

We'll use docker compose to setup Blossom server & drive. I included Nginx Proxy Manager because it's the Web Proxy I use for all the Fractalized self-hosted services :

Create a new docker-compose file:

~$ nano docker-compose.yml

Insert this content into the file:

``` version: '3.8' services:

blossom-drive: container_name: blossom-drive image: pastagringo/blossom-drive-docker

ports:

- '80:80'

blossom-server: container_name: blossom-server image: 'ghcr.io/hzrd149/blossom-server:master'

ports:

- '3000:3000'

volumes:
  - './blossom-server/config.yml:/app/config.yml'
  - 'blossom_data:/app/data'

nginxproxymanager: container_name: nginxproxymanager image: 'jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest' restart: unless-stopped ports: - '80:80' - '81:81' - '443:443' volumes: - ./nginxproxymanager/data:/data - ./nginxproxymanager/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt - ./nginxproxymanager/_hsts_map.conf:/app/templates/_hsts_map.conf

volumes: blossom_data: ```

You now need to personalize the blossom-server config.yml:

bash ~$ mkdir blossom-server ~$ nano blossom-server/config.yml

Insert this content to the file (CTRL+X & Y to save/exit):

```yaml

Used when listing blobs

publicDomain: https://blossom.fractalized.net

databasePath: data/sqlite.db

discovery: # find files by querying nostr relays nostr: enabled: true relays: - wss://nostrue.com - wss://relay.damus.io - wss://nostr.wine - wss://nos.lol - wss://nostr-pub.wellorder.net - wss://nostr.fractalized.net # find files by asking upstream CDNs upstream: enabled: true domains: - https://cdn.satellite.earth # don't set your blossom server here!

storage: # local or s3 backend: local local: dir: ./data # s3: # endpoint: https://s3.endpoint.com # bucket: blossom # accessKey: xxxxxxxx # secretKey: xxxxxxxxx # If this is set the server will redirect clients when loading blobs # publicURL: https://s3.region.example.com/

# rules are checked in descending order. if a blob matches a rule it is kept # "type" (required) the type of the blob, "" can be used to match any type # "expiration" (required) time passed since last accessed # "pubkeys" (optional) a list of owners # any blobs not matching the rules will be removed rules: # mime type of blob - type: text/ # time since last accessed expiration: 1 month - type: "image/" expiration: 1 week - type: "video/" expiration: 5 days - type: "model/" expiration: 1 week - type: "" expiration: 2 days

upload: # enable / disable uploads enabled: true # require auth to upload requireAuth: true # only check rules that include "pubkeys" requirePubkeyInRule: false

list: requireAuth: false allowListOthers: true

tor: enabled: false proxy: "" ```

You need to update few values with your own:

• Your own Blossom server public domain :

publicDomain: https://YourBlossomServer.YourDomain.tld

and upstream domains where Nostr clients will also verify if the Blossom server own the file blob: :

upstream: enabled: true domains: - https://cdn.satellite.earth # don't set your blossom server here!

• The Nostr relays where you want to publish your Blossom events (I added my own Nostr relay):

yaml discovery: # find files by querying nostr relays nostr: enabled: true relays: - wss://nostrue.com - wss://relay.damus.io - wss://nostr.wine - wss://nos.lol - wss://nostr-pub.wellorder.net - wss://nostr.fractalized.net

Everything is setup! You can now compose your docker-compose file:

~$ docker compose up -d

I will let your check this article to know how to configure and use Nginx Proxy Manager.

You can check both Blossom containers logs with this command:

~$ docker compose logs -f blossom-drive blossom-server

Regarding the Nginx Proxy Manager settings for Blossom, here is the configuration I used:

PS: it seems the naming convention for the kind of web service like Blossom is named "CDN" (for: "content delivery network"). It's not impossible in a near future I rename my subdomain blossom.fractalized.net to cdn.blossom.fractalized.net and blossom-drive.fractalized.net to blossom.fractalized.net 😅

Do what you prefer!

After having configured everything, you can now access Blossom server by going to your Blossom server subdomain. You should see a homepage as below:

Same thing for the Blossom Drive, you should see this homepage:

You can now login with your prefered method. In my case, I login on Blossom Drive with my NIP-07 Chrome extension.

You now need to go the "Servers" tab to add some Blossom servers, including the fresh one you just installed.

You can now create your first Blossom Drive by clicking on "+ New" > "Drive" on the top left button:

Fill your desired blossom drive name and select the media servers where you want to host your files and click on "Create":

PS: you can enable "Encrypted" option but as hzrd149 said on his Nostr note about Blossom:

"There is also the option to encrypt drives using NIP-49 password encryption. although its not tested at all so don't trust it, verify"

You are now able to upload some files (a picture for instance):

And obtain the HTTP direct link by clicking on the "Copy Link" button:

If you check URL image below, you'll see that it is served by Blossom:

It's done ! ✅

You can now upload your files to Blossom accross several Blossom servers to let them survive the future internet apocalypse.

Blossom has just been released few days ago, many news and features will come!

Don't hesisate to follow hzrd149 on Nostr to follow-up the future updates ⚡🔥

See you soon in another Fractalized story!
PastaGringo 🤖⚡

@ 6b9da920:7841cc6e

I am the author of Blowater, a Discord style nostr client.

Here is a list of my learnings after 15 months of DM focusing development.

I have used Blowater for more than 10,000 DMs so there is some credibility of my findings.

1. 100% Delivery is the most important problem

For example, if user1 wants to send messages to user2, they have to connect to at least 1 common relay. For whatever reasons, if they are not on the same relay, even just for several minutes, some messages will be missing.

It is fine for a user to not see all kind-1s, aka social media. Partial discovery/delivery is how Nostr is designed originally.

But for kind-4s, aka directed messages, this problem is a deal breaker. It's more critical than meta data leak and other privacy/security problems. If you can't deliver your message, it's useless to have a secure message.

Therefore, I believe that while problems like meta data leaks and authentications are important, it's less prioritized than the delivery problem.

Ideas such as Inbox Model are more urgent at this moment.

But, before we step into these discussions, we need to clearly define our design/architecture boundary.

We can at least divide solutions to 4 categories:

| Head | Single Client | Cross Client | | --- | --- | --- | | Single Relay | Centralized | Semi-centralized | | Cross Relay | Slack style | Decentralized |

Now, the problem is, can we achieve 100% delivery + cross client + cross relay at the same time?

Because 100% delivery is not compromisable, if we have to sacrifice, should we give up cross client or cross relay?

In my opinion, we should sacrifice cross client and keep cross relay because the client is the most influential place to ensure a good user experience.

Blowater used to work cross client + cross relay with the original NIP-4. For rational described above, Blowater changed to single client + single relay with the adoption of NIP-44. Yes, the DM of Blowater is pretty much centralized at this moment because we have not figured out a reliable way of delivering messages cross relays.

That's why I look forward to inbox-mode.

2. Offline mode and working with bad relays are necessary

If you are on a bad network condition, you still want to browse messages and potentially search them on your device. People usually message themselves as a clever way to take notes and reminders. In fact, it is 10X more useful and convenient than specialized note taking & reminder apps.

Because of this design & engineering goal, Blowater stores all events locally and never deletes. Searching through half a millions notes (including kind-1) only takes a few milliseconds.

As a side effect, Blowater does not need NIP-50 to have a proper search. NIP-50 is nice to have but not a necessity.

The same design & engineering choice also applies to working with bad relays that either do not implement all the NIPs this client needs or return data in an incorrect or inconvenient way.

Relying on the authority of servers is the mental model of a centralized world. Because nostr events are immutable, data stored in clients are not cache. They are the source of truth as well. Therefore, storing as many events locally as possible is a good thing that makes the client both faster and independent from network conditions.

Clients can be seen as relays with UIs and only stores events relevant to the logged in npub. Relays can be seen as clients that have no UIs and stores events of many npubs.

WebSocket-only is a horrible design choice

There are 2 aspects of this statement.

The first being that WebSocket is a streaming API and streaming API for everything is a bad choice. Mainly for 2 use cases:

1. get event by ID

Nostr events are immutable, if I have the ID of an event, it does not change. It makes no sense to have a stream of only 1 thing. A relay either has this event or it does not. A HTTP GET of 200 / 404 is much better.

Supporting HTTP API does not make client nor relay implementations harder. WebSocket relies on HTTP/1.1. If you support WebSocket, you have to support HTTP in the first place.

1. post events to relays

A simple HTTP POST is a much better way to send data to relays. It makes ad-hoc writing much simpler. The client does not need to establish a WebSocket connection. It's more performant.

To summarize, streaming API is for working with unknown size, possibly infinite data (either in size or in time). If the data size is known & finite, request/response API is much better.

The second aspect is that WebSocket is not a good streaming protocol, at least for the web browsers. There is no way to force close/kill a WebSocket connection on the client side if the server is offline.

For example, client A connects to relay B at time X. At time X + 1, A sends a disconnection message to relay B which was down for whatever reason. Client A will wait there forever and the WebSocket connection, at least from client's perspective, will never be closed.

The WebSocket specification requires the client to wait for the server acknowledgement of closing the connection which prevents client from force closing.

Therefore, it's pretty much impossible to have a reliable browser client that connects to many relays and works reliably for long days. People tend to close their browser tabs so it's not likely to happen but it's still a fundamental flaw.

Additionally, because WebSocket is HTTP/1.1, it does not have all the goodies that HTTP/3 might give us. This is not a problem at the moment. But if we want to have a future proof system, we need future proof design.

WebSocket & many Web clients might serve as a nice starting point to bootstrap the ecosystem. But we can't stay here forever. We have to grow out.

---

Here you go, 3 main takes away I have about Nostr development. It's not all the learning that I have but I believe they are the most relevant for many developers.

@ b60c3e76:c9d0f46e

These inventions are straight out of science fiction.

1. Volkswagen RooBadge

Volkswagen has developed a clever VW badge that emits sounds to deter kangaroos from roads, thereby reducing collisions. With approximately 20,000 accidents involving these animals each year.

🔗 youtu.be/W9klRlKoEQk ← Full Video

https://video.nostr.build/219d3e2a7a3b21e5d485c7f2576e8b42fbbef661f35582e02090e03a2263cf92.mp4

2. Food Delivery Robot (Bullet Train)

A robot designed like a fast train delivers food efficiently, allowing customer customization. Created to address waiter shortages, it offers a low-cost delivery solution.

https://video.nostr.build/3a174aef12b2adf04470b43ffde99d287a4d3d695ebcde6d67f1b5efb20a0647.mp4

3. Astribot S1

China showcases the Astrobot S1, a fully autonomous humanoid robot, demonstrating remarkable speed and fluidity in completing tasks.

https://video.nostr.build/6475d93284a59a0853443337b42b1fbaa361612e5d7b94d50c49442735039344.mp4

4. Solskin

This new technology is highly efficient at harnessing the power of solar energy while also preventing rooms from overheating.

https://video.nostr.build/773a588b33f12da461c6b3867f31035c434f7efbd606d057131dee27c22ab6cb.mp4

5. Running Adwear

Imagine athletic clothing that doubles as an advertising platform, displaying dynamic ads while you run. You can even make some extra cash while generating more income just by running! 😅

https://video.nostr.build/8528ef90fbac3ef73fe038d0c892098a372dbf5608b894386ac3663b2d325b1d.mp4

6. Opula

World's first auto-adjustable coffee table featuring an AMD Ryzen 7 8845HS Mini-PC and a 27-inch HD screen. The table adjusts up to 75 degrees for optimal viewing, combining work and entertainment seamlessly - the future of smart home furniture.

https://video.nostr.build/acc6e34a8e2888a3d84a3a34e74f603bd6f76b6d8f329dc78c5598c104a4b86a.mp4

7. Ring Bot

This device is currently just a prototype. Hopefully, in the future, it will provide us with many benefits through its technology.

https://video.nostr.build/149aca79c79b59f2a5dfdff02b6d7935d7e113727f1bad9f0b81fdc1d0f8178e.mp4

8. Pininfarina Wind Tunnel

The Pininfarina Wind Tunnel sets new standards in vehicle performance and comfort through advanced aerodynamic testing.

https://video.nostr.build/7d7a2fb14c6c2ea41cdda5a939ee54ad83f85d83e4026913e023ded2c68583b8.mp4

---

I hope you've found this article helpful. What do you think?