@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

**5 Photography Tips for Excursions** Excursions take you to incredible places, but they’re often designed for quick stops, catering to "click-and-go" tourists rather than photographers and videographers. Capturing great shots in such fast-paced environments can be challenging! However, if an excursion is your only way to visit a stunning location, don’t worry—I got some tips to help you make the most of it.   1) ****Plan Your Story in Advance**** Before you even set foot on the excursion, think about the story you want to capture. In your mind, you’ve probably already envisioned your photo or video album—this is exactly what you should do! Excursions move fast, leaving little time for on-the-spot decisions. Research your destination beforehand, look up photos online, and familiarize yourself with the key subjects you want to focus on. Being prepared will help you capture the shots that truly matter. 2) **Secure the Best Spot** If your excursion involves a bus or boat, positioning yourself strategically can make all the difference. Try to be one of the first to board so you can grab the best spot—usually at the front. This gives you a clear view. Quick reflexes will help you capture the scene without unwanted distractions! 3) **Sun position** Always pay attention to the direction of the sun while picking your seat. Position yourself to shoot with the sunlight rather than against it to avoid harsh backlighting and maximize the natural light in your photos. 4) **Connect with the Guide** The guide plays a big role in setting the pace of the excursion, so building a friendly connection can work in your favor. A smile and some casual conversation can make them more receptive to your needs, giving you extra time to capture the perfect shot. When you arrive at a location, don’t hesitate to ask if you’re allowed to take your own shots instead of strictly following the group. A little charm can go a long way in making your photography experience smoother and more enjoyable!   5) **Manage Your Time & Enjoy the Moment** As a photographer or videographer, it’s easy to get lost in your creative zone, but remember—you’re on a group excursion! Be mindful of the schedule and avoid spending too much time on a single shot. Others in the group paid the same price for the experience, so it’s important to be respectful of their time—no matter how big or fancy your camera is!
 If possible, consider booking a private excursion or joining fellow travel photographers who appreciate spending extra time at each location. This way, you can focus on capturing the best shots without feeling rushed.
 Most importantly: Once you’ve taken your amazing shot, take a moment to truly experience the place. Too many travelers stare at their camera screens while walking, missing the beauty right in front of them. Save the reviewing for when you're back at your hotel! After all, photography is about more than just the shot—it’s about the memories you make along the way. And don’t forget to save the special pictures onto your human hard drive—your memory! This is where we create the real movie.

@ 16d11430:61640947

In today’s world, a silent crisis is unfolding—not in the streets, not in the economy, but in our minds. We are losing the ability to think deeply, to reason, and to resist manipulation. This phenomenon, often called "brain rot," is not just a metaphor. It is a tangible decline in cognitive ability, a creeping erosion of focus, patience, and intellectual curiosity. And while many scramble for solutions in self-help books, meditation apps, or digital detoxes, the true cure lies in an unlikely place: Bitcoin. This is not just an argument about money. It is a plea for your mind, for the minds of your loved ones, and for a future where independent thought still exists. If you value your own ability to reason, to make sense of the world, and to protect those you love from deception and control, you owe it to yourself to study Bitcoin. --- What Is Brain Rot? Brain rot is not a medical diagnosis, but it is real. It is what happens when we are conditioned to react rather than think, when we consume more than we create, and when we surrender our agency to systems that manipulate us for profit. Symptoms include: Shortened attention span (struggling to read long articles or books) Loss of critical thinking (believing whatever is most loudly repeated) Dopamine addiction (chasing likes, notifications, and instant gratification) Mental fog and anxiety (feeling overwhelmed by noise, yet unable to focus) Most of us are not born this way. We become this way through a slow, systematic process: Schools train us to memorize, not to question. Social media rewards outrage, not wisdom. Fiat money devalues patience and rewards recklessness. The result? A society that is easier to manipulate, easier to distract, and easier to control. The antidote to this is not just deleting social media. It’s reclaiming our ability to think for ourselves. Bitcoin is a tool that forces us to do exactly that. --- Bitcoin as the Cure At first glance, Bitcoin might seem purely financial—just another asset in a volatile market. But it is so much more than that. It is a test of intellectual curiosity, discipline, and patience. To truly understand Bitcoin, you must engage with fields that are deliberately hidden from us in mainstream education: Monetary history (how money has been manipulated for control) Economics (why inflation steals from the poor) Cryptography & computer science (how decentralization protects truth) Philosophy & game theory (why trustless systems create fairness) Every step in understanding Bitcoin rewires your brain for independence. Unlike fiat currency, which asks nothing of you but blind trust, Bitcoin demands that you think critically. It restores long-term thinking, encourages personal responsibility, and rewards patience—all of which counteract brain rot. --- How Bitcoin Changes Your Mindset 1. It Forces Low Time Preference Bitcoiners often speak of "low time preference," a fancy way of saying patience over impulsivity. In a fiat world, money loses value over time, so we are incentivized to spend recklessly, live paycheck to paycheck, and chase fleeting pleasure. Bitcoin reverses this. When money appreciates over time, suddenly the future matters again. You start planning. You start investing in yourself, in your knowledge, in your health. Your brain begins to think long-term, and your clarity improves. 2. It Teaches You to Question Authority The fiat system is built on trust—trust that central banks will act in your best interest, trust that inflation is necessary, trust that bailouts are fair. Yet history shows that those in power rarely act for the people. Bitcoin is mathematical truth, not political promises. Studying it forces you to question everything you were taught about money, value, and power. This questioning is the antidote to mental stagnation. 3. It Reduces Cognitive Dissonance Many people feel anxious without knowing why. Part of this is living in a system that contradicts itself daily. Governments tell you inflation is necessary but also bad. They print money endlessly but tell you to save. They manipulate interest rates and then act surprised when markets collapse. Bitcoin simplifies everything: a fixed supply, transparent rules, no middlemen. This clarity removes the mental exhaustion of navigating contradictions, freeing your mind for higher-level thinking. 4. It Protects You from Manipulation Those who control money control perception. Whether through debt traps, engineered crises, or endless consumer distractions, fiat systems are designed to keep you too busy, too exhausted, and too distracted to think clearly. Bitcoin removes intermediaries. It allows you to store value without trusting banks, transact without permission, and exit systems that do not serve you. It restores agency, and with it, your ability to think critically. --- Why This Matters for You and Your Loved Ones If you’ve read this far, you probably feel it—something is deeply wrong with the modern world. Many of us feel trapped in jobs we hate, working for money that loses value, bombarded by distractions that make us forget what matters. If you do nothing, it will only get worse. You owe it to yourself and your loved ones to study Bitcoin because: Understanding it will sharpen your mind. Using it will make you resilient. Saving in it will protect your future. No one will do this for you. Schools won’t teach it. The media won’t promote it. Governments won’t encourage it. But the truth is out there, waiting for you to seek it. --- A Plea for Your Future You don’t need to become a Bitcoin expert overnight. You don’t need to "buy the top" or "trade for gains." Just start learning. Read The Bitcoin Standard, listen to podcasts, question what you’ve been told. Challenge yourself to understand why this matters. Brain rot is real. It is not just a meme. It is the slow erosion of your ability to think, to resist, to act in your own best interest. And while many solutions exist, none are as transformative, as empowering, and as liberating as Bitcoin. Take back your mind. Take back your future. Start today.

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

#intro The Russian state made me a Bitcoiner. In 1991, it devalued my grandmother's hard-earned savings. She worked tirelessly in the kitchen of a dining car on the Moscow–Warsaw route. Everything she had saved for my sister and me to attend university vanished overnight. This story is similar to what many experienced, including Wences Casares. The pain and injustice of that time became my first lessons about the fragility of systems and the value of genuine, incorruptible assets, forever changing my perception of money and my trust in government promises. In 2014, I was living in Moscow, running a trading business, and frequently traveling to China. One day, I learned about the Cypriot banking crisis and the possibility of moving money through some strange thing called Bitcoin. At the time, I didn’t give it much thought. Returning to the idea six months later, as a business-oriented geek, I eagerly began studying the topic and soon dove into it seriously. I spent half a year reading articles on a local online journal, BitNovosti, actively participating in discussions, and eventually joined the editorial team as a translator. That’s how I learned about whitepapers, decentralization, mining, cryptographic keys, and colored coins. About Satoshi Nakamoto, Silk Road, Mt. Gox, and BitcoinTalk. Over time, I befriended the journal’s owner and, leveraging my management experience, later became an editor. I was drawn to the crypto-anarchist stance and commitment to decentralization principles. We wrote about the economic, historical, and social preconditions for Bitcoin’s emergence, and it was during this time that I fully embraced the idea. It got to the point where I sold my apartment and, during the market's downturn, bought 50 bitcoins, just after the peak price of $1,200 per coin. That marked the beginning of my first crypto winter. As an editor, I organized workflows, managed translators, developed a YouTube channel, and attended conferences in Russia and Ukraine. That’s how I learned about Wences Casares and even wrote a piece about him. I also met Mikhail Chobanyan (Ukrainian exchange Kuna), Alexander Ivanov (Waves project), Konstantin Lomashuk (Lido project), and, of course, Vitalik Buterin. It was a time of complete immersion, 24/7, and boundless hope. After moving to the United States, I expected the industry to grow rapidly, attended events, but the introduction of BitLicense froze the industry for eight years. By 2017, it became clear that the industry was shifting toward gambling and creating tokens for the sake of tokens. I dismissed this idea as unsustainable. Then came a new crypto spring with the hype around beautiful NFTs – CryptoPunks and apes. I made another attempt – we worked on a series called Digital Nomad Country Club, aimed at creating a global project. The proceeds from selling images were intended to fund the development of business tools for people worldwide. However, internal disagreements within the team prevented us from completing the project. With Trump’s arrival in 2025, hope was reignited. I decided that it was time to create a project that society desperately needed. As someone passionate about history, I understood that destroying what exists was not the solution, but leaving everything as it was also felt unacceptable. You can’t destroy the system, as the fiery crypto-anarchist voices claimed. With an analytical mindset (IQ 130) and a deep understanding of the freest societies, I realized what was missing—not only in Russia or the United States but globally—a Bitcoin-native system for tracking debts and financial interactions. This could return control of money to ordinary people and create horizontal connections parallel to state systems. My goal was to create, if not a Bitcoin killer app, then at least to lay its foundation. At the inauguration event in New York, I rediscovered the Nostr project. I realized it was not only technologically simple and already quite popular but also perfectly aligned with my vision. For the past month and a half, using insights and experience gained since 2014, I’ve been working full-time on this project.

@ 1c197b12:242e1642

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. **Article. I.** *Section. 1.* All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. *Section. 2.* The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. *Section. 3.* The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law. *Section. 4.* The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. *Section. 5.* Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. *Section. 6.* The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. *Section. 7.* All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. *Section. 8.* The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; To establish Post Offices and post Roads; To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; To provide and maintain a Navy; To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;—And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. *Section. 9.* The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. *Section. 10.* No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. **Article. II.** *Section. 1.* The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President. The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:—"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." *Section. 2.* The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. *Section. 3.* He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. *Section. 4.* The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. **Article. III.** *Section. 1.* The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. *Section. 2.* The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;— between a State and Citizens of another State,—between Citizens of different States,—between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. *Section. 3.* Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted. **Article. IV.** *Section. 1.* Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. *Section. 2.* The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. *Section. 3.* New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. *Section. 4.* The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. **Article. V.** The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. **Article. VI.** All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. **Article. VII.** The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. The Word, "the," being interlined between the seventh and eighth Lines of the first Page, The Word "Thirty" being partly written on an Erazure in the fifteenth Line of the first Page, The Words "is tried" being interlined between the thirty second and thirty third Lines of the first Page and the Word "the" being interlined between the forty third and forty fourth Lines of the second Page. Attest William Jackson Secretary done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independance of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,

@ 1c197b12:242e1642

Today, I'm going to attempt to install Servus to my test server. I'll be using a raspberry Pi4 4GB version with a 16GB microSD card (because what I have laying around). And, as you know... if it'll run on a Pi, it'll run pretty much anywhere. **What is SERVUS?** From GitHub... "Servus is a CMS, personal Nostr relay and personal Blossom server fully self-contained within one executable file." **Here's what you'll need:** A spare server. It can be a VPS, old laptop, old computer, 3rd market server from a decommissioned datacenter that you got for cheap on Ebay, a NUC... something that can run Linux. - An understanding of the Linux terminal. - install git and cargo. - A web browser (don't you side-eye me!). **Let Us Begin...** I'm assuming you're using a Debian-based system. Open your terminal and enter the following: Go ahead and ssh into your server with something like: "ssh yourusername@ipaddress" or "ssh yourusername@domainname.tld" enter your password when prompted and hit enter.  If you plan to do other stuff with your server later on, you might even consider using "ssh-copy-id yourusername@ipaddress" in order to not have to enter you password, all-the-time.  (Without the quotes) "su", or "sudo su". Whatever means you use to get to superuser (root). Then, enter your password.  Once in root, type: *apt install git cargo -y* Then, hit enter. You'll see a wall text... yadda yadda.   Now, you'll type (without quotes): *"git clone https://github.com/servuscms/servus.git"* and hit enter. You'll see a progress bar.  If you type *"ls"* you should see a folder labeled, *"servus"*. We now change directories by typing, *"cd servus"*. Inside of the servus folder you'll see a few other folders and a few files by typing *"ls"* again.  According the the servus github, there are a few build options. I'm going to use the "release" version for this tutorial. We do this by typing, *"cargo build --release"*. You'll see a fetch progress bar and a wall of text.   **NOTE: **I'm using a raspberry pi 4, in this tutorial. At the end of trying "cargo build --release" I got a version error for a package called "anstream v0.6.14" because it requires "rustc 1.65.0", or higher. The error message gives you a fix by typing "cargo update -p anstream@0.6.14 --precise ver"  **BUT that won't work. Here's how to fix it:** Type the following (without quotations): *"apt purge rustc -y && apt install curl -y && curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh"* This will remove the outdated rustc. Then, you're installing curl so that you can install the latest version of rustc and cargo because they aren't in the distro repo. Restart your machine with: "sudo reboot". Once you're back into your servus directory, just run the "cargo build" command, again. Now back to the show! Now that we have run the "cargo build" command, it's time to move on to setting up access and ssl. According to github, there are a few options. They are as follows: - *./target/debug/servus *- this starts Servus on port 4884, without SSL - *sudo ./target/debug/servus --ssl-acme[-production] --contact-email youremail@example.com* (this starts Servus on port 443 and obtains SSL certificates from Let's Encrypt using ACME by providing a contact email). - *sudo ./target/debug/servus --ssl-cert <SSL_CERT_FILE> --ssl-key <SSL_KEY>* (this starts Servus on port 443 using the provided <SSL_CERT> and <SSL_KEY>) I'll be using the command no calling for SSL. More information can be found here: [ https://github.com/servuscms/servus](https://github.com/servuscms/servus)  So from the terminal we input (without quotes): *"./target/release/servus"* because, as you may recall, I used the *"cargo build --release" *version earlier. It will ask a few questions. Here's what I put... **Domain: test.local** **Admin pubkey: nostr:npub1rsvhkyk2nnsyzkmsuaq9h9ms7rkxhn8mtxejkca2l4pvkfpwzepql3vmtf**  Then, you'll get a bit of output with your ip and port interface. In this case, it's http://localhost:4884 Now go to your browser and input that address, it's local, or the IP address of the server... something like, http://192.168.x.x:4884 and HUZZAH!!! Just like that, you should see your site. To get to the admin section of your site, just add "/.admin" (without quotes) to the IP address you just input into the browser.   **CONGRATS! I hope this was helpful :-)** While Servus is extremely experimental, and it is advised to not run it in production. There are a number of features worth taking a look at. More information about what Servus can do can be found here: [Servus Github]( https://github.com/servuscms/servus) **DONE.**

@ 00000001:b0c77eb9

مواقع التواصل الإجتماعي العامة هي التي تتحكم بك، تتحكم بك بفرض أجندتها وتجبرك على اتباعها وتحظر وتحذف كل ما يخالفها، وحرية التعبير تنحصر في أجندتها تلك! وخوارزمياتها الخبيثة التي لا حاجة لها، تعرض لك مايريدون منك أن تراه وتحجب ما لا يريدونك أن تراه. في نوستر انت المتحكم، انت الذي تحدد من تتابع و انت الذي تحدد المرحلات التي تنشر منشوراتك بها. نوستر لامركزي، بمعنى عدم وجود سلطة تتحكم ببياناتك، بياناتك موجودة في المرحلات، ولا احد يستطيع حذفها او تعديلها او حظر ظهورها. و هذا لا ينطبق فقط على مواقع التواصل الإجتماعي العامة، بل ينطبق أيضاً على الـfediverse، في الـfediverse انت لست حر، انت تتبع الخادم الذي تستخدمه ويستطيع هذا الخادم حظر ما لا يريد ظهوره لك، لأنك لا تتواصل مع بقية الخوادم بنفسك، بل خادمك من يقوم بذلك بالنيابة عنك. وحتى إذا كنت تمتلك خادم في شبكة الـfediverse، إذا خالفت اجندة بقية الخوادم ونظرتهم عن حرية الرأي و التعبير سوف يندرج خادمك في القائمة السوداء fediblock ولن يتمكن خادمك من التواصل مع بقية خوادم الشبكة، ستكون محصوراً بالخوادم الأخرى المحظورة كخادمك، بالتالي انت في الشبكة الأخرى من الـfediverse! نعم، يوجد شبكتان في الكون الفدرالي fediverse شبكة الصالحين التابعين للأجندة الغربية وشبكة الطالحين الذين لا يتبعون لها، إذا تم إدراج خادمك في قائمة fediblock سوف تذهب للشبكة الأخرى!

@ 6f7db55a:985d8b25

This article will be basic instructions for extreme normies (I say that lovingly), or anyone looking to get started with using zap.stream and sharing to nostr. **EQUIPMENT** Getting started is incredibly easy and your equipment needs are miniscule. An old desktop or laptop running Linux, MacOs, or Windows made in the passed 15yrs should do. Im currently using and old Dell Latitude E5430 with an Intel i5-3210M with 32Gigs of ram and 250GB hard drive. Technically, you go as low as using a Raspberry Pi 4B+ running Owncast, but Ill save that so a future tutorial. Let's get started. **ON YOUR COMPUTER** You'll need to install OBS (open broaster software). OBS is the go-to for streaming to social media. There are tons of YouTube videos on it's function. WE, however, will only be doing the basics to get us up and running. First, go to [https://obsproject.com/](https://obsproject.com/)  Once on the OBS site, choose the correct download for you system. Linux, MacOs or Windows. Download (remember where you downloaded the file to). Go there and install your download. You may have to enter your password to install on your particular operating system. This is normal. Once you've installed OBS, open the application. It should look something like this...  For our purposes, we will be in studio mode. Locate the 'Studio Mode' button on the right lower-hand side of the screen, and click it.  You'll see the screen split like in the image above. The left-side is from your desktop, and the right-side is what your broadcast will look like. Next, we go to settings. The 'Settings' button is located right below the 'Studio Mode" button.  Now we're in settings and you should see something like this...  Now locate stream in the right-hand menu. It should be the second in the list. Click it.  Once in the stream section, go to 'Service' and in the right-hand drop-down, find and select 'Custom...' from the drop-down menu.  Remeber where this is because we'll need to come back to it, shortly. **ZAPSTREAM** We need our streamkey credentials from Zapstream. Go to [https://zap.stream](https://zap.stream). Then, go to your dashboard.  Located on the lower right-hand side is the Server URL and Stream Key. You'll need to copy/paste this in OBS.  You may have to generate new keys, if they aren't already there. This is normal. If you're interested in multi-streaming (That's where you broadcast to multiple social media platforms all at once), youll need the server URL and streamkeys from each. You'll place them in their respective forms in Zapstream's 'Stream Forwarding" section.  Use the custom form, if the platform you want to stream to isn't listed. *Side-Note: remember that you can use your nostr identity across multiple nostr client applications. So when your login for Amethyst, as an example, could be used when you login to zapstream. Also, i would suggest using Alby's browser extension. It makes it much easier to fund your stream, as well as receive zaps. * **Now, BACK TO OBS...** With Stream URL and Key in hand, paste them in the 'Stream" section of OBS' settings. Service [Custom...] Server [Server URL] StreamKey [Your zapstream stream key]  After you've entered all your streaming credentials, click 'OK' at the bottom, on the right-hand side. **WHAT'S NEXT?** Let's setup your first stream from OBS. First we need to choose a source. Your source is your input device. It can be your webcam, your mic, your monitor, or any particular window on your screen. assuming you're an absolute beginner, we're going to use the source 'Window Capture (Xcomposite)'.  Now, open your source file. We'll use a video source called 'grannyhiphop.mp4'. In your case it can be whatever you want to stream; Just be sure to select the proper source.  Double-click on 'Window Capture' in your sources list. In the pop-up window, select your file from the 'Window' drop-down menu.   You should see something like this...  Working in the left display of OBS, we will adjust the video by left-click, hold and drag the bottom corner, so that it takes up the whole display.  In order to adjust the right-side display ( the broadcast side), we need to manipulate the video source by changing it's size.  This may take some time to adjust the size. This is normal. What I've found to help is, after every adjustment, I click the 'Fade (300ms)' button. I have no idea why it helps, but it does, lol.  Finally, after getting everything to look the way you want, you click the 'Start Stream' button.  **BACK TO ZAPSTREAM** Now, we go back to zapstream to check to see if our stream is up. It may take a few moments to update. You may even need to refresh the page. This is normal.  STREAMS UP!!! A few things, in closing. You'll notice that your dashbooard has changed. It'll show current stream time, how much time you have left (according to your funding source), who's zapped you with how much theyve zapped, the ability to post a note about your stream (to both nostr and twitter), and it shows your chatbox with your listeners. There are also a raid feature, stream settings (where you can title & tag your stream). You can 'topup' your funding for your stream. As well as, see your current balance. You did a great and If you ever need more help, just use the tag #asknostr in your note. There are alway nostriches willing to help. **STAY AWESOME!!!** npub: nostr:npub1rsvhkyk2nnsyzkmsuaq9h9ms7rkxhn8mtxejkca2l4pvkfpwzepql3vmtf

@ 0000065e:9b5b4c75

Se está armando un considerable revuelo con las medidas, impulsadas por La Liga y Telefónica, que afectan a servicios relacionados con Cloudflare y a muchos de sus usuarios que tienen que soportar la restricción en la operatividad de los mismos. Pero, ¿cómo puede ser que un tema de “piratería” acabe afectando, con aparente impunidad, a servicios legítimos? Aquí intentaremos explicarlo. Desde tiempos casi inmemoriales la industria relacionada con la explotación de los contenidos, y prestaciones, sujetos a derechos de propiedad intelectual han sido tremendamente imaginativos a la hora de buscar mecanismos que aseguren sus pingües beneficios. Como los jueces no solían hacerles caso, impulsaron modificaciones legislativas para quitarlos de la ecuación, *administrativizando* el conflicto, como sucedió con la conocida como Ley Sinde. Pero los mecanismos de esta Ley no eran lo suficientemente ágiles para lo que quería la industria, por lo que había que darle otra vuelta de tuerca al asunto, lo que se hizo con ocasión del art. 138 de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. En síntesis, el truco es el siguiente: - El titular de los derechos acude a un Juzgado honesto, imparcial y preocupado, como no podía ser de otra forma, por la defensa de los derechos fundamentales reconocidos constitucionalmente. - Ahí plantea una demanda, no contra quien considera infractor de esos derechos (Cloudflare o los usuarios que hacen uso ilícito de sus servicios), sino contra los operadores de telecomunicaciones que dan acceso a internet, en una aplicación torticera y kafkiana del art. 138 LPI (sobre el que volveremos más adelante) pidiendo una serie de medidas. - Las operadoras se "allanan" a la demanda, es decir, reconocen y aceptan las pretensiones del demandante, y el juez [concede las medidas](https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/2-nuevos-listados-obligan-operadoras-10322). Con este truco, todos se guardan las vergüenzas unos a otros: - Los demandantes: Nosotros solamente pedimos las medidas. Es el juez el que las acuerda. - El juez: A mi me viene uno pidiendo una cosa, la parte demandada se allana. Tengo que conceder lo pedido. - El operador: Tengo que hacer caso al juez. Para conseguir esto, los demandantes llevan a cabo una torticera interpretación de los artículos 138 y 139 de la LPI, que en la aplicación que se está haciendo de los mismos convierte dichos preceptos en inconstitucionales, pues, en la práctica, se condena a una pluralidad de personas al cierre de su página web o restricción de sus servicios en España sin darles la más mínima oportunidad defenderse, en una flagrante vulneración tanto de la libertad de expresión e información (art. 20 de la Constitución) como del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva (art. 24 de la Constitución), pues causa una evidente indefensión la producción de una condena sin posibilidad alguna de defenderse, por no hablar de que puede afectar también a servicios críticos o esenciales, como por ejemplo hospitales y centros de emergencias. Los artículos 138 y 139, formalmente, permiten demandar directamente a los prestadores de servicios de intermediación (operadores que dan acceso a Internet), para instar la suspensión de los servicios que estos presenten a infractores de derechos de propiedad intelectual. En concreto estos son los preceptos a considerar: > > Artículo 138. Acciones y **medidas cautelares urgentes**. El titular de los derechos reconocidos en esta ley, sin perjuicio de otras acciones que le correspondan, podrá instar el cese de la actividad ilícita del infractor y exigir la indemnización de los daños materiales y morales causados, en los términos previstos en los artículos 139 y 140. También podrá instar la publicación o difusión, total o parcial, de la resolución judicial o arbitral en medios de comunicación a costa del infractor…. > > Tanto las medidas de cesación específicas contempladas en el artículo 139.1.h) como las medidas cautelares previstas en el artículo 141.6 podrán también solicitarse, cuando sean apropiadas, contra los intermediarios a cuyos servicios recurra un tercero para infringir derechos de propiedad intelectual…. > > Art. 139. h) La suspensión de los servicios prestados por intermediarios a terceros que se valgan de ellos para infringir derechos de propiedad intelectual, sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en la Ley 34/2002, de 11 de julio, de servicios de la sociedad de la información y de comercio electrónico.” A nadie honesto, y con un mínimo de sentido común e intención de realizar una hermeneútica correcta, puede escapársele que dichos artículos no están pensados para el supuesto de hecho que nos ocupa, donde no consta la existencia de una válida declaración de infracción de propiedad intelectual, que se ha construido de forma artificial, sin respeto a los principios de dualidad y contradicción de partes, generando una evidente indefensión a las partes que se ven perjudicadas por la pretensión de los demandantes. La Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona tuvo oportunidad de analizar estas peculiares y exóticas previsiones normativas en su Sentencia nº 115/2018, de fecha 20 de febrero de 2018, que es citada por las sentencias que afectan a la polémica que analizamos, y donde sobre la génesis de estos preceptos nos indica: > “15. El redactado de los artículos 138 y 139 del TRLPI , en lo que afecta a **la extensión de las acciones de cesación a los intermediarios, no aparecía en el texto originario de la Ley**, es consecuencia de una de las múltiples reformas que se han llevado a efecto para adaptar la normativa española sobre propiedad intelectual a la normativa comunitaria. Concretamente, la reforma que afecta a estos preceptos es la llevada a efecto por la Ley 23/2006, de 7 de julio, por la que se modifica el texto refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 1/1996, de 12 de abril. > La Exposición de Motivos de esta reforma indica las razones de la misma: > «La razón de esta reforma del texto refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 1/1996, de 12 de abril, responde a la necesidad de incorporar al derecho español una de las últimas directivas aprobadas en materia de propiedad intelectual, la Directiva 2001/29/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 22 de mayo de 2001, relativa a la armonización de determinados aspectos de los derechos de autor y derechos afines a los derechos de autor en la sociedad de la información, con la que la Unión Europea, a su vez, ha querido cumplir los Tratados de la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI) de 1996 sobre Derecho de Autor y sobre Interpretación o Ejecución y Fonogramas.» > Y, en el último punto de la Exposición de Motivos, se especifica el alcance de la reforma respecto de las acciones y procedimientos: > «Respecto a las acciones y procedimientos que los titulares de los derechos pueden instar, se establece, por primera vez, la **posibilidad de solicitar medidas cautelares contra los intermediarios** a cuyos servicios recurre un tercero para infringir derechos de propiedad intelectual, sin la exigencia de que el intermediario sea también infractor.» Es decir, la propia norma, en su exposición de motivos, limita la aplicación de los meritados preceptos, en cuanto a la posibilidad de dirigir la acción directamente contra los intermediarios, al **ámbito de las medidas cautelares.** Ello se deriva igualmente de lo dispuesto en las disposiciones europeas aplicables, como indica la sentencia al decir: > “Por lo tanto, la interpretación de estos preceptos debe hacerse en consonancia con la normativa de la Unión Europea y la jurisprudencia que la desarrolla. > 16.- La Directiva 2001/29/CE en su considerando 59 destaca uno de los objetivos de la misma: «Sobre todo en el entorno digital, es posible que terceras partes utilicen cada vez con mayor frecuencia los servicios de intermediarios para llevar a cabo actividades ilícitas. En muchos casos, estos intermediarios son quienes están en mejor situación de poner fin a dichas actividades ilícitas. Así pues, y sin perjuicio de otras sanciones o recursos contemplados, los titulares de los derechos deben tener la posibilidad de solicitar **medidas cautelares** contra el intermediario que transmita por la red la infracción contra la obra o prestación protegidas cometida por un tercero. Esta posibilidad debe estar abierta aun cuando los actos realizados por el intermediario estén exentos en virtud del artículo 5. Debe corresponder a la legislación nacional de los Estados miembros regular las condiciones y modalidades de dichas **medidas cautelares**.» > Y, para la consecución de este objetivo, el artículo 8.3 de la Directiva establece que: > «3. Los Estados miembros velarán porque los titulares de los derechos estén en condiciones de solicitar **medidas cautelares** contra los intermediarios a cuyos servicios recurra un tercero para infringir un derecho de autor o un derecho afín a los derechos de autor.» > 17.- La Directiva comunitaria en principio prevé únicamente la existencia de **medidas cautelares** frente a los intermediarios, así aparece también en el TRLPI ya que el artículo 138 en sus incisos finales hace referencia a medidas cautelares, es decir, medidas instrumentales, necesarias para asegurar la efectividad de la tutela judicial que pudiera otorgarse en la sentencia estimatoria que se dictare.” > No obstante lo anterior, **la Audiencia Provincial**, en un pronunciamiento que, entendemos, cuando menos de dudosa constitucionalidad, considera que la Ley permite el ejercicio de estas pretensiones más allá del ámbito de las “acciones y **medidas cautelares urgentes**” que menciona la Exposición de Motivos, la normativa europea y el propio título del art. 138, argumentando lo siguiente: > “Sin embargo, al desarrollarse el contenido de las acciones de cesación el artículo 139 incluye expresamente la suspensión de los servicios prestados por el intermediario (art. 139.1.h), lo que puede habilitar no sólo a la solicitud de medidas cautelares, sino también a la petición, como pretensión principal, de la suspensión de los servicios. Este régimen legal interno, sin duda más amplio que el derivado del artículo 8.3 de la Directiva, permite abrir una serie de escenarios procesales con trascendencia material por cuanto podría habilitar a dirigir demandas únicamente frente a los intermediarios y no frente al infractor, o podría también habilitar cauce procesal para iniciar acciones frente a los intermediarios sin que exista una previa declaración de infracción imputable, en todo caso, a quien se vale de esos proveedores de servicios para realizar una actividad infractora.” Parece de dudosa constitucionalidad que se extienda, más allá del estricto ámbito cautelar urgente, la posibilidad de acordar una medida como el cierre de una página web o restricción de servicios sin contar con la presencia en el litigio de las personas afectadas por las medidas. Pero **la Audiencia limita esta posibilidad y sí establece, al menos, la necesidad de que exista una constatación de la existencia de infracción**, como presupuesto para el ejercicio de la acción. En este sentido, la Audiencia considera que un pronunciamiento administrativo al respecto no es suficiente, pero, sorprendentemente, sí considera que un informe de parte no sometido a contradicción, como sucede en el caso de la Sentencia del Juzgado de lo Mercantil nº 9, en cambio, sí constata la existencia de infracción. En concreto, así se pronuncia la Audiencia: > “Estos problemas son los que se plantean en el supuesto de autos, dado que no ha sido llamado a juicio el titular de la página web supuestamente infractora (www.exvagos.com): no se ha producido un pronunciamiento civil en el que se declare la infracción por parte del titular de esta página web, aunque sí existe un pronunciamiento administrativo ante la Comisión de Propiedad Intelectual… > Por lo tanto, la **constatación de una infracción de derechos de propiedad intelectual** es un presupuesto ineludible para poder ejercitar las acciones previstas en los artículos 138 y 139 del TRLPI… > el procedimiento administrativo previo no puede servir, por sí solo, para dar por cumplido o satisfecho el presupuesto previo de infracción por parte del titular de la web, ni la retirada de contenidos puede tener el alcance de presunción de infracción…. > en los autos constan otros **documentos en los que se acredita de modo eficiente la realidad de la infracción**. Se trata, concretamente de la **prueba pericial** aportada como documento número 12 de la demanda… El examen de esa prueba pericial sí permite concluir que la página web exvagos facilita el acceso a contenidos y habilita un sistema de intercambio de archivos que infringe derechos de propiedad intelectual. Así lo hace ampliamente el juez de instancia en la Sentencia recurrida (fundamento de derecho cuarto). ” En este mismo sentido, sobre la necesidad de constatar la existencia de la infracción, se pronuncia la Sentencia nº 15/2018, del Juzgado de lo Mercantil nº 6 de Barcelona, al decir, en un caso similar, que: > “... el demandante **no quedará exento de probar**, con carácter prejudicial la infracción sobre los derechos de propiedad intelectual.” Pues bien, **en el caso de Cloudflare, al menos hasta donde es conocido, no existe ninguna constatación de esa supuesta infracción** (más allá de un “informe técnico” no sometido a contradicción), y los demandantes, acaso en connivencia con los demandados (lo cual es obvio en el caso de TELEFÓNICA, que actúa, con diferentes empresas, como demandante y demandado), o conscientes de que para estos era más fácil allanarse que oponerse a unas pretensiones que no representan perjuicio alguno para ellos, construyen esta farsa de proceso judicial, para conseguir la restricción de los servicios, sin ofrecer la más mínima posibilidad de intervención en el litigio. Debemos mencionar que algunas sentencias, como la anteriormente citada del Juzgado de lo Mercantil nº 6 de Barcelona, basan la procedencia de la medida acordada contra las páginas web en que sus “**titulares no han podido ser identificados ni localizados**”, en cuyo caso podría considerarse pertinente un procedimiento sin la participación del presunto infractor. Pero eso no es lo que parece que suceda en este caso, donde al menos Cloudflare se encuentra perfectamente identificada. Como vemos, la extensión de la posibilidad que tiene el titular de los derechos de accionar directamente contra los prestadores de servicios de intermediación fuera del ámbito cautelar urgente es algo que no da la impresión de estar previsto en la Ley y que, desde luego, es de una más que dudosa constitucionalidad. Si la LPI permite demandar al prestador de servicios, sin conocimiento siquiera del titular de los derechos que se ven afectados, y sin una declaración judicial dictada respetando los principios de igualdad entre las partes afectadas y de contradicción, con base únicamente en un documento de parte, que no ha sido sometido a contradicción, entonces dicha previsión ha de considerarse inconstitucional, al violar el art. 24 y la tutela judicial efectiva. Conforme a una interpretación razonable de la Ley, la parte actora podría haber solicitado medidas cautelares frente a los prestadores de servicios, pero de forma coetánea o inmediatamente posterior demandar a los presuntos infractores, a fin de que en un proceso contradictorio se determinara si realmente existe infracción y permitir, a los afectados por las medidas poder exponer su visión del asunto en sede judicial. Podría pensarse, así, que el Juzgado aceptó una interpretación inconstitucional de los artículos 138 y 139 LPI, y no tuvo en cuenta que el art. 21 LEC, establece que el allanamiento debe rechazarse cuando suponga, como es el caso, un perjuicio a tercero no demandado en el procedimiento, pues el art. 21 LEC indica que: > “Cuando el demandado se allane a todas las pretensiones del actor, el tribunal dictará sentencia condenatoria de acuerdo con lo solicitado por éste, pero si el allanamiento se hiciera en **fraude de ley** o supusiera renuncia **contra el interés general** o **perjuicio de tercero,** se dictará auto rechazándolo y seguirá el proceso adelante.” Las sentencias de los Juzgados de lo [Mercantil nº 6](https://www.poderjudicial.es/search/AN/openDocument/2d094260f53b5cdca0a8778d75e36f0d/20221006) y [9 de Barcelona](https://www.poderjudicial.es/search/AN/openDocument/3c85bed480cbb1daa0a8778d75e36f0d/20221004), que al parecer son las que sirven de base para las medidas que comentamos, exponen que no se perjudica a terceros, pero, como es notorio y ostensible, en este punto los juzgados de lo mercantil se equivocan del medio al medio, puesto que el allanamiento, sin duda alguna, supone un claro perjuicio de terceros, Cloudflare y sus usuarios legítimos, que ven cómo sus servicios son objeto de restricción, sin ofrecerles posibilidad de defenderse ni argumentar contra las pretensiones de las actoras, infringiendo así el art. 21 LEC, en cuya virtud, el allanamiento debe rechazarse cuando suponga, como es el caso, un perjuicio a terceros no demandados en el procedimiento. De esta forma, como hemos expuesto, se ha articulado una suerte de procedimiento formal, inexistente en la práctica, para evitar un proceso contradictorio sobre su pretensión, eludiendo así la eventual participación de los afectados en el debate litigioso, algo que, deberemos convenir, supone una clara infracción del art. 24 de la Constitución, tal y como lo interpreta nuestro Tribunal Constitucional en sentencias como la STC 43/2010: > “Este Tribunal ha declarado reiteradamente que el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva sin indefensión (art. 24.1 CE) garantiza a **todos los que puedan resultar afectados por la decisión que se dicte en un proceso judicial el derecho a conocer su existencia, a fin de que tengan la posibilidad de intervenir en él, ser oídos, y ejercer la defensa de sus derechos e intereses legítimos**. Esta necesidad de promover la defensa, en la medida de lo posible, mediante la debida contradicción, **impone a los órganos judiciales un especial deber de diligencia** que, en palabras de la STC 56/2001, de 26 de febrero, FJ 2, “tiene especial importancia en el proceso de ejecución”. En concreto, y por lo que respecta a la posibilidad de intervenir en un proceso de ejecución, hemos afirmado que el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva habilita a quienes ostenten algún derecho o interés legítimo que pueda verse afectado por los actos de ejecución a comparecer y actuar en el procedimiento, aunque no hubieran sido parte en el proceso principal, y a este fin los arts. 270 LOPJ y 260.2 LEC exigen que las resoluciones judiciales se notifiquen no sólo a las partes procesales, sino también a las personas a quienes se refieran o puedan parar perjuicio (SSTC 229/2000, de 2 de octubre, FJ 3; 56/2001, de 26 de febrero, FJ 2).” Por otro lado, siguiendo la anterior sentencia, el art. 270 LOPJ impone el **deber de notificar las resoluciones judiciales**, no solo a las partes, sino “también **a quienes se refieran o puedan parar perjuicios**”, lo que, como indica la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona en su Auto de 29 de junio de 2002, “va más allá de una mera facultad discrecional del juzgador, notificación que tiene por objeto poner en conocimiento de tales personas la resolución y posibilitar la defensa de su derecho inquietado o perturbado.” Y en el mismo sentido, el art. 150 LEC establece que “**también se notificará la pendencia del proceso a las personas que, según los mismos autos, puedan verse afectadas** por la resolución que ponga fin al procedimiento.” Da la impresión de que ambos preceptos han sido infringidos por los Juzgados y deberían determinar la nulidad de lo actuado y, por tanto, de las sentencias que comentamos. Como se ha expuesto, podría apreciarse una **vulneración del art. 21 de LEC, que impide acceder al allanamiento cuando ello suponga un perjuicio de tercero, fraude de Ley o contrarien intereses generales**, pero más allá de eso, podría dar lugar también a una **violación de la tutela judicial efectiva** reconocida en el art. 24 de la Constitución, desde el momento en que se obliga a unos terceros a soportar una condena sin posibilidad alguna de un proceso con unas mínimas garantías. Como hemos dicho, la previsión del art. 138 LPI, que permite solicitar la suspensión de los servicios prestados por intermediarios a terceros directamente contra dichos intermediarios, queda circunscrita al ámbito establecido en el propio título del art. 138, “Acciones y medidas cautelares urgentes” y no constituyen una acción autónoma fuera del ámbito cautelar urgente. En segundo lugar, una interpretación de dicho precepto, en el sentido de que permita el ejercicio de una acción de condena (en la práctica el cierre páginas web y diversos servicios relacionados con estas), sin posibilidad alguna de defensa de los afectados (Cloudflare y sus usuarios), iría en contra del art. 24 de la Constitución y si dicha Ley debe interpretarse en este sentido, sería inconstitucional. Finalmente, si se admite la existencia de esa acción independiente y que la misma es constitucional, su procedencia debe conectarse con dos requisitos: una constatación efectiva de la existencia de infracción, que entendemos debe producirse en el marco de un proceso contradictorio donde se ofrezca al presunto infractor la posibilidad de defenderse, así como una imposibilidad de identificación y/o localización del mismo. El principio fundamental que rige el desarrollo del procedimiento en su conjunto es el derecho de las partes a no sufrir indefensión. Y la indefensión proscrita por el artículo 24.1 de la Constitución no es la meramente formal, sino la material, es decir, aquella que haya producido a la parte un real y efectivo menoscabo de sus posibilidades de defensa. Cabe citar en este sentido la [Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional nº 161/2006](https://hj.tribunalconstitucional.es/HJ/es/Resolucion/Show/5763), de 22 de mayo de 2006: > “Según una consolidada doctrina constitucional el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva sin indefensión que se reconoce en el artículo 24.1 de la Constitución Española **garantiza el derecho a acceder al proceso en condiciones de poder ser oído y ejercer la defensa de los derechos e intereses legítimos**… La finalidad material de esta exigencia es la de llevar al conocimiento de los afectados las resoluciones judiciales, para que puedan adoptar la postura que estimen pertinente en defensa de sus intereses (por todas, las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional 77/1997, de 21 de abril, FJ 2; y 216/2002, de 25 de noviembre, FJ 2)." Esta trascendencia constitucional de la correcta configuración de los procesos, a fin de que los eventuales afectados puedan ser oídos y defenderse adecuadamente se extiende también a procedimientos en los que, formalmente, se configuran como terceros, como sucede en este caso. Sirva como muestra de ello, la STC 43/2010, de 26 de julio que contiene unos pronunciamientos perfectamente aplicables al caso, si sustituimos las referencias a “ejecución” por “medidas de cesación”: > “Este Tribunal ha declarado reiteradamente que el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva sin indefensión (art. 24.1 CE) garantiza a **todos los que puedan resultar afectados por la decisión que se dicte en un proceso judicial el derecho a conocer su existencia, a fin de que tengan la posibilidad de intervenir en él, ser oídos, y ejercer la defensa de sus derechos e intereses legítimos**. > > Esta necesidad de promover la defensa, en la medida de lo posible, mediante la **debida contradicción**, impone a los órganos judiciales un especial deber de diligencia que, en palabras de la STC 56/2001, de 26 de febrero, FJ 2, “tiene especial importancia en el proceso de ejecución”. En concreto, y por lo que respecta a la posibilidad de intervenir en un proceso de ejecución, hemos afirmado que el **derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva habilita a quienes ostenten algún derecho o interés legítimo que pueda verse afectado** por los actos de ejecución a comparecer y actuar en el procedimiento, aunque no hubieran sido parte en el proceso principal, y a este fin los arts. 270 LOPJ y 260.2 LEC exigen que las resoluciones judiciales se notifiquen no sólo a las partes procesales, sino también a las personas a quienes se refieran o puedan parar perjuicio (SSTC 229/2000, de 2 de octubre, FJ 3; 56/2001, de 26 de febrero, FJ 2). > > ...Afirmamos en aquel caso que ello “provoca la indefensión de la demandante de amparo, pues contra el mandato contenido en el art. 24.1 CE de promover la defensión mediante la correspondiente contradicción, y sin perjuicio del pronunciamiento que pueda recaer, de lo que se resuelva sobre la posesión y sobre la posible reserva de las acciones que puedan corresponder a los implicados, conforme acertadamente mantiene el Ministerio Fiscal, el órgano judicial acordó el lanzamiento del propietario y poseedor legítimo de una vivienda sin tan siquiera permitirle comparecer a defender su derecho en un procedimiento contradictorio” (FJ 9). > > En definitiva, de nuestra doctrina se desprende con **absoluta claridad que la interdicción de la indefensión consagrada en el art. 24.1 CE impone a los órganos judiciales el deber de velar por que quienes ostenten algún derecho o interés legítimo en un proceso** de ejecución, aunque no hayan sido parte en el proceso principal, **puedan comparecer y ser oídos en el mismo para garantizar su defensa**, sin perjuicio del pronunciamiento que pueda recaer y de la posible existencia de otras acciones que puedan corresponder a los afectados. > > …En definitiva, y como afirma el Ministerio Fiscal, **el órgano judicial no actuó con la diligencia debida en orden a procurar que los demandantes de amparo pudieran tener conocimiento y comparecer en un proceso** ejecutivo **en el que resultaban afectados sus intereses**... Y dicho comportamiento del órgano judicial **causó indefensión constitucionalmente relevante**, pues **les privó de su derecho a ser oídos y les impidió el ejercicio del derecho de defensa de sus legítimos derechos e intereses** sobre el citado inmueble, sin que exista dato alguno en las actuaciones del que se desprenda que los recurrentes conocieran la existencia del procedimiento ejecutivo o que no hayan actuado con la diligencia debida en orden a facilitar su comparecencia en el citado proceso.” Es evidente que a los afectados por las medidas **se les privó del derecho a ser oídos** y **se les impidió el ejercicio del derecho de defensa** de sus legítimos intereses sobre las páginas y servicios que operaban, por lo que se ha producido una **violación del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva** reconocida en el art. 24 de la Constitución. Además, las medidas de bloqueo de direcciones compartidas afectan también a la **libertad de expresión e información** de terceros que no guardan relación alguna con el conflicto y, lo que es peor, puede tener una **negativa incidencia en servicios que podrían ser críticos,** lo que es un comportamiento peligroso, irresponsable y negligente. Por todas estas razones, las sentencias deberían ser anuladas y las medidas derivadas de ellas dejadas sin efecto, ofreciendo en todo caso a los afectados la posibilidad de ser oídos en juicio y defender sus legítimos intereses.

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

Vice President J.D. Vance addressed the Munich Security Conference, criticizing European leaders for undermining free speech and traditional values. He claimed that the biggest threat to Europe is not from external enemies but from internal challenges. Vance condemned the arrest of a British man for praying near an abortion clinic and accused European politicians of censorship. He urged leaders to combat illegal immigration and questioned their democratic practices. “There is a new sheriff in town,” he said, referring to President Trump. Vance's remarks were unexpected, as many anticipated discussions on security or Ukraine. His speech emphasized the need for Europe to share the defense burden to ensure stability and security.

@ c43d6de3:a6583169

“IN THIS SPRING of 1953 the free world weighs one question above all others: the chance for a just peace for all peoples,” Dwight D. Eisenhower’s throat went dry and he swallowed to alleviate the burn. Eight years had passed since the end of world war 2 but still the beaches of the Marshall Islands lay charred, Hiroshima and Nagasaki dosed in radiation and ruin, and countless ghost towns still littered Europe’s mangled face. Dwight peered through his glasses at his speech on the podium, then raised his gaze back at the small crowd gathered in front of him in the conference room at the American Society of Newspaper Editors in Washington, D.C. Everyone was on the edge of their seats. The President spoke of peace, but the United States faced a great enemy in the Soviet Union. How would he continue?  “To weigh this chance is to summon instantly to mind another recent moment of great decision. It came with that yet more hopeful spring of 1945, bright with the promise of victory and of freedom. The hope of all just men in that moment too was a just and lasting peace.” The heads among the spectators raised in hope, as if the enthusiasm in the President’s voice could be enough to wipe away any prospect of future war against the Soviet threat. “In that spring of victory the soldiers of the Western Allies met the soldiers of Russia in the center of Europe. They were triumphant comrades in arms. Their peoples shared the joyous prospect of building, in honor of their dead, the only fitting monument-an age of just peace. All these war-weary peoples shared too this concrete, decent purpose: to guard vigilantly against the domination ever again of any part of the world by a single, unbridled aggressive power.” “This common purpose lasted an instant and perished. The nations of the world divided to follow two distinct roads.” “The United States and our valued friends, the other free nations, chose one road.” “The leaders of the Soviet Union chose another.” “The way chosen by the United States was plainly marked by a few clear precepts, which govern its conduct in world affairs.” **What came next in Dwight D. Eisenhower’s speech “The Chance for Peace” is the answer to preventing wars between countries** “First: No people on earth can be held, as a people, to be an enemy, for all humanity shares the **common hunger for peace and fellowship and justice.** Second: No nation's security and well-being can be lastingly achieved in isolation but only in **effective cooperation** with fellow nations. Third: **Any nation's right to a form of government and an economic system** of its own choosing **is inalienable**. Fourth: Any nation's attempt to dictate to other nations their form of government **is indefensible**. And fifth: A nation's hope of lasting peace cannot be firmly based upon any race in armaments but rather upon **just relations and honest understanding** with all other nations.”  **I. First Point** When you minimize any nation or country to its most granular piece, the human family, you realize every nation or country is the same. It is a larger body of human families looking to establish peace out of chaos against nature, fellowship with their neighbor to make that peace possible, and justice against affronts to the foundations of the formerly stated peace and fellowship. Without this, what you have is not a nation but rather wilderness.  **II. Second Point** When we enter the world stage and look at the community of nations it is important we understand that no nation can truly expect to uphold Eisenhower’s first point without the ability to cooperate with other nations. There can be a natural disaster that strikes an entire nation and without exterior help, it may be impossible to overcome. Understand, Eisenhower’s second point only serves as an extension of the first point. Humankind's struggle with nature will always exist, but in cooperation with other communities we can overcome hardship against nature and live in better harmony.  **III. Third Point** It cannot be argued that humans, after millenia of having dispersed across the planet, have collected into pockets of communities of which grew and developed with experiences based on the place in the world where they’ve resided. This has birthed cultures, religions, and moral codes that serve as the foundation of different branches of philosophy that have borne the fruit of governance. Ultimately, no two communities shares the exact same moral code and thus do not share, and will never share, the exact same understanding of what governance should take place. In this respect, it is an inalienable right of the very people within a community to choose how they govern themselves.  **IV. Fourth Point** In trying to impeded on this third point, we come to Eisenhower’s fourth point which is that no other community has the right to dictate how other nations govern themselves. **V. Final Point** Lastly, war will never lead to peace. Only common understanding of the first four points will ever lead to true peace. A race in armaments, as the cold war proved, only leads to further distrust and the breakdown of all other points among the community of nations on the world stage. All that can be done to expect peace is to take your neighbor as they are. St. Augustine has a famous quote, “Seek not to understand that you may believe, but believe that you may understand.” This is meant to drive home the point of faith in the unbelievable. It is how a religious person can believe in a god that they can not prove exists. Some might say there will never be a world without war. I say we already have the recipe for it. We’ve been given this recipe by many leaders throughout our history. Leader’s who’ve witnessed the darkest depths of human evil and wanted to steer humanity away from it.  ----------- Thank you for reading! If this article resonated with you, let me know with a zap and share it with friends who might find it insightful. Your help sends a strong signal to keep making content like this! Interested in fiction? Follow nostr:npub1j9cmpzhlzeex6y85c2pnt45r5zhxhtx73a2twt77fyjwequ4l4jsp5xd49 for great short stories and serialized fiction. More articles you might like from Beneath The Ink: https://primal.net/e/note1ws4es0gahm502k6qgx64dseqhjqgyzh0q7flzk6glcasqxxye6jqm20fj9 nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp3padh3au336rew4pzfx78s050p3dw7pmhurgr2ktdcwwxn9svtfqq25yan2w39rsjj0dqk5ckn52ptxsc3nve8hw0aftmq https://primal.net/e/note158ns7z27r2y664h9lsdqdhsjj2uehrejve2y02lkvz46d8xgxncs8pcj7w nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp3padh3au336rew4pzfx78s050p3dw7pmhurgr2ktdcwwxn9svtfqq2kjjzzfpjxvutjg33hjvpcw5cyjezyv9y5k0umm6k https://primal.net/e/note1htkygah99mz8p4png992n0clqa44spatw3uzzcpl94etwh2zr60stklxvw nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp3padh3au336rew4pzfx78s050p3dw7pmhurgr2ktdcwwxn9svtfqqa9wefdwfjj6stvdsk57cnnv4ehxety94mkjarg94g8ymm8wfjhxuedg9hxgt2fw3ej6sm0wd6xjmn8946hxtfjvsuhsdnju045ml https://primal.net/e/note1rdanqhdgc7d8sypm459zrt55m0zfaze7u34phkew9nptyr3ghwlqsvtsdx nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp3padh3au336rew4pzfx78s050p3dw7pmhurgr2ktdcwwxn9svtfqq2ns3jnfa985c29xp2rs3pexpykz6mjxetxu2g25x6

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

Most people only know customer-to-customer (C2C) and business-to-customer (B2C) software and websites. Those are the famous and popular ones, but business-to-business (B2B) is also pretty big. How big? Even something boring and local like [DATEV](https://www.datev.de/web/de/startseite/startseite-n/) has almost 3 million organizations as customers and €1,44 billion in annual revenue. FedEx has €90 billion in annual revenue and everyone who uses it comes into contact with its software. There's a whole chain of software between the sender and receiver of the package, and it all has to work seamlessly. Same with Walmart, Toyota, Dubai Airport, Glencore, Tesla, Edeka, Carrefour, Harvard and University of Texas, Continental, Allianz, Asklepios, etc. That's the sort of software I help build. You've probably never heard of it, but when it doesn't work properly, you'll hear about it on the news.

@ 554ab6fe:c6cbc27e

Bitcoin’s Price and the Power Law: A Reflection of Energy and the Early Stages of Monetary Adoption Introduction Bitcoin’s price trajectory has long puzzled analysts, with its seemingly chaotic booms and busts. However, when examined through the lens of power laws, a pattern emerges—one that is fundamentally tied to Bitcoin’s energy-based production cost. This article argues that Bitcoin’s price has historically followed a power law because its underlying cost structure is dictated by mining, an energy-intensive process. However, this relationship will not persist indefinitely. I propose that as Bitcoin matures into a widely adopted monetary system, its price will decouple from mining production costs and instead oscillate in accordance with natural business cycles, much like traditional forms of money. **Bitcoin’s Price and the Power Law** Source and Credit: Giovanni Santostasi’s “[The Bitcoin Power Law](https://giovannisantostasi.medium.com/the-bitcoin-power-law-theory-962dfaf99ee9)” When Bitcoin’s price is plotted on a logarithmic scale against time, a strikingly straight-line trajectory appears, punctuated by cycles of rapid price expansion (bull markets) followed by severe corrections (bear markets). These perturbations correspond to Bitcoin’s well-known halving cycles, which occur approximately every four years and reduce the block reward paid to miners, effectively doubling the cost of production per Bitcoin. Historically, Bitcoin’s price has always returned to a fundamental minimum—one that closely aligns with the average cost of mining. This observation suggests that Bitcoin’s power law price behavior is not arbitrary but rather a reflection of its fundamental energy constraints. As in many natural systems governed by power laws, energy dynamics play a central role. In Bitcoin’s case, the “base layer” of its valuation is determined by the energy and computational resources required for mining. This power law behavior is therefore a consequence of Bitcoin’s fundamental design: as block subsidies decrease and mining efficiency improves, the minimum sustainable price follows an upward trajectory dictated by production costs. **Bitcoin as an Energy-Based System** Power laws commonly emerge in natural systems involving energy constraints, from thermodynamics to biological ecosystems and planetary dynamics. Bitcoin, as an energy-based monetary system, exhibits similar characteristics. Mining requires significant electricity and computational power, and as the difficulty adjustment ensures a competitive equilibrium, the cost of mining a Bitcoin remains closely tied to its market value over the long run. Unlike traditional fiat currencies, which are controlled by central banks and subject to arbitrary monetary expansion, Bitcoin’s supply schedule is immutable. Its economic foundation is rooted in **proof of work**, where value is derived from energy expenditure. This fundamental linkage between energy and price explains why Bitcoin’s valuation has adhered to a power law trajectory. It is an entropy engine, and follows physical laws related to energy and entropy. However, this pattern is not a permanent feature of Bitcoin’s monetary future—it is, rather, an indication of Bitcoin’s **early-stage monetization process**. **The Transition from Mining-Based Pricing to a Business Cycle** A crucial implication of Bitcoin’s price following a power law dictated by mining costs is that it suggests Bitcoin has yet to fully mature as money. If Bitcoin were already a widely adopted monetary standard, its valuation would no longer be primarily influenced by the floor mining costs but instead by macroeconomic forces—specifically, the natural fluctuations of the business cycle. In a world where Bitcoin is the dominant global currency, the “price of money” (which correlates with the cost of capital and prevailing interest rates) would fluctuate according to the broader economic cycle. The dynamics would resemble those of natural interest rate cycles described by the Austrian School of Economics: - During periods of economic expansion, lower interest rates spur increased investment and consumption, prices slightly rise, and savings deplete. - As savings decline and prices rise, interest rates naturally rise as well, leading to reduced investment and spending, initiating a contractionary phase and lowered prices. - During the contraction, savings accumulate, more capital becomes available, and interest rates and prices decline. - With the availability of capital, lower interest rates and lowered prices, the economy is now ready to enter a phase of investment and expansion once again. - This oscillatory process continues indefinitely, driven by real economic growth rather than central bank intervention. If Bitcoin were fully monetized, its price would no longer oscillate based on mining halvings and energy costs but instead reflect **economic expansion and contraction cycles**—just as traditional currencies do when not artificially manipulated by central banks. **The Early Stage Indicator: Bitcoin’s Dependence on Mining Costs** Today, Bitcoin’s price still “bounces” off the power law baseline, indicating that its valuation remains primarily anchored to its minimum cost of production. This means that, while Bitcoin is widely recognized as an asset, it has not yet reached the level of adoption where its price is dictated by macroeconomic cycles. A future in which Bitcoin is used as a primary medium of exchange and unit of account would necessarily imply a **decoupling from mining-driven pricing**. Instead of periodic halvings triggering speculative bull runs followed by crashes, Bitcoin’s price would become far more stable, with fluctuations primarily driven by business cycle dynamics. The continued adherence to the power law model, therefore, is evidence that Bitcoin is still in an early phase of adoption—where mining remains a primary determinant of price. **Conclusion** Bitcoin’s price trajectory has long conformed to a power law, reflecting the underlying energy costs of mining. This characteristic, however, is likely not a permanent feature but rather a hallmark of Bitcoin’s early stage as an emerging monetary system. As adoption increases and Bitcoin becomes widely used as money, its price should transition away from being dictated by mining costs and should instead fluctuate according to the natural oscillations of the business cycle. The persistence of Bitcoin’s power law trend is a sign that it remains in its infancy. The real transformation will occur when Bitcoin is no longer bound to its production cost but is instead driven by the natural ebb and flow of savings, investment, and capital cycles—marking its full emergence as a global monetary system. Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice. Please consult with a financial advisor or conduct your own research before making any financial decisions.

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It's Finally here Stackers! It's Friday! We're about to kick off our weekends with some feel good tracks. Let's get the party started. Bring me those Feel Good tracks. It is valentine's so let's get all gooey and soft, let's feel good and loved up. If the world was ending, I'd wanna be next to you. https://youtu.be/kPa7bsKwL-c?si=XbAaVfCHLZw6_0n6 Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. Let's go! originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/885888

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A Russian drone attack has struck the radiation shelter at Chernobyl, according to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. The strike caused a fire, but it has since been extinguished, and radiation levels remain stable. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that no casualties occurred and that monitoring continues. Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA's director general, emphasized the need for caution. Chernobyl, site of the 1986 nuclear disaster, contains a protective shield costing $1.6 billion. Disaster prevention remains a priority as the conflict unfolds. The incident occurred shortly before the meeting of world powers at the Munich Security Conference in Germany.