@ 21c71bfa:e28fa0f6

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@ cf7ed325:050194cf

Taba, nestled on the edge of the Red Sea, offers a unique gateway to some of Egypt's most iconic destinations. With [ETB Tours Egypt](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/), you can embark on unforgettable [Taba trips and excursions](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/day-tours/Taba-day-tours-excursions) that take you beyond the stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters, straight into the heart of Egypt’s rich history and culture. One of the most popular experiences is the chance to [Explore Luxor and Cairo Tours from Taba](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Cairo-and-Luxor-tours-from-Taba). Whether you're looking for a quick getaway or a deeper dive into Egypt’s ancient wonders, these tours offer something for everyone. For those with limited time, the [Full Luxor Day Tour From Taba](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Luxor-day-Tour-from-Taba) is an excellent option, allowing you to witness the grandeur of the Valley of the Kings, Karnak Temple, and the Luxor Temple in just one day. It’s a whirlwind of history that will leave you in awe of Egypt’s timeless beauty. If you're more inclined to explore the vibrant capital, [Cairo Sightseeing: One Day Tour to Cairo from Taba by Flight](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Cairo-Tours-from-Taba) is the perfect choice. In just a day, you can marvel at the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the world-famous Egyptian Museum. It’s an exciting adventure that brings you face-to-face with Egypt's most legendary landmarks. For those seeking a deeper exploration, [Discover Cairo in Two Day Tours from Taba](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Two-Day-Tours-to-Cairo-from-Taba) offers a more relaxed pace, allowing you to soak in the magic of Cairo’s ancient wonders and modern vibrancy. From the Coptic Cairo district to the bustling streets of Islamic Cairo, this tour gives you the full experience of Egypt’s fascinating capital. No matter which tour you choose, ETB Tours Egypt ensures your Taba trip is packed with memories that will last a lifetime. ✨ 🌐 Visit us at www.etbtoursegypt.com 📲 Contact us now! +20 10 21100873 📧 Email: info@etbtours.com 🏢 Company Address: 4 El Lebeny Axis , Nazlet Al Batran , Al Haram, Giza , Egypt

@ f51f916e:39ec49e7

What is so special about a **Green Barbet**, a **Bronze-naped Pigeon** and a **Swamp Nightjar**? Why do birders descend in their flocks for an unassuming sandpiper on the Mtunzini mudflats? Rarities have value because they’re hard to find. We have to work for them, either by spending time in the right habitat or travelling to wherever their location might be. Humans make decisions at the margin, under the influence of scarcity- the value of something is determined by how easy it is to obtain another one. That’s why no one makes a special trip for a **Burchell’s Coucal** or an **Olive Thrush**, but happy to do so for a **Black Coucal** or a **Spotted Ground-Thrush**. *THE CONSERVATION PROBLEM* We all recognise that our birds and their habitats are threatened. If they weren’t, there wouldn’t be non-profits fighting everyday to counter the anthropogenic challenges. But the question is, do we really understand the problem? Are our interventions reversing the trends, or only offering a temporary resistance? It is only when a disease’s underlying cause is understood that it can be cured. In March/April 2022, ***African Birdlife*** magazine reported on the dire state of Ndumo Game Reserve in the article “***Vested Interests***”. Two paragraphs are startling: - *“…the human population living along the  Phongolo River (which stretches up to Jozini  and beyond) had grown from 30 000 to more  than 400 000 from 1980 to 2020.”* - *“…in communities surrounding Ndumo Game Reserve, more than 70 percent of the population survives on less than R800 a month, provided by government grants and a small informal economy, and that up to 70 percent of residents are under the age of 18.”* This is the elephant in the room. And it’s going to get worse- this is why nothing conservation is doing today will make any difference. Because the biggest threat to conservation is a socio-economic problem, and we are not addressing the economics. ***TIME IS FUNDAMENTAL TO CONSERVATION*** ***Conservation*** is the sustainable use of our natural resources. ***Sustainable*** means we are concerned about the future. Human ***time preference*** can be described as the rate at which we discount the future compared to the present. We all agree that today is more important than tomorrow- there is a lot that can happen today that completely changes the context of tomorrow, and every individual discounts the future at a different rate than another. Those with ***low time preference***, for instance, start planning for their child’s university education as soon as the child is born. The future is recognized as important enough, and provision is made today. Humans with ***high time preference*** are not sure from where their child’s next meal will come. The future is uncertain, and therefore, university education is not considered during the actions of the present day. As humans, we are all individually, communally, and nationally moving on the spectrum of time preference. What determines a person’s time preference? The leading factor is ***economic freedom***. The more economic freedom a person has, the more likely they are to make decisions that benefit the people around them, because it’s mutually beneficial for their future self. It follows that countries with high economic freedom have higher prosperity and better social indices, such as increased GDP, increased life expectancy, higher happiness scores in polling, lower corruption and violence, and, importantly, increased income levels for the poorest 10% ([**heritage.org**](https://www.heritage.org/index/pages/about)). Notably, these countries also have better environmental protection. Therefore, if we want to lower the time preference of communities for the benefit of biodiversity, ***we need to increase economic freedom***. People will only protect Nature if they can afford a future where Nature still exists. *Property rights, monetary policy, rule of law, freedom to trade and work, and low levels of bureaucracy and corruption* collectively influence our economic freedom. *How could we as citizens then influence economic freedom when governments are largely responsible?* ***SOLVING CONSERVATION*** We need to start using sound money. When money is abundant, resources become rare; when money is rare, resources become abundant. *What do we mean by that?* The natural state of a free market is deflation. Thanks to entrepreneurs and advances in technology, prices fall to the marginal cost of production. New entrants to the market will capture the difference between inputs and sales, enhancing competition and driving down prices. *But why then do our prices continue to rise?* Because the money supply is increasing at a higher rate than the influence of deflationary factors. For this, we can thank central banking and, more specifically, fractional reserve banking. Every time a loan is made, new money enters the financial system. [Currency debasement](https://youtu.be/YtFOxNbmD38?si=tRca3t1ne7xrsf_u) distorts price signals, increases business input costs, and inflates asset prices What makes this worse is something called the [Cantillon Effect](https://www.hardmoneyhistory.com/why-fiat-currency-is-bad/). This ensures that those, who receive the newly created money first, benefit at the expense of all others, meaning that rural people living at the environmental interface become poorer as their earnings are eroded and their cost of living increases. This is the cardinal reason why we see progressive wealth inequality. An ever-increasing money supply is not needed for an economy to grow; we do not need a central bank-regulated interest rate- all we need is a single divisible monetary unit to run the economy. Yes, capital may be needed to start a business, but that doesn’t mean new money has to be conjured magically onto a bank’s spreadsheet. Humans are consumers, and with money that is finite in supply, purchasing power will rise as the amount of goods and services increases. It’s simply math, and the only available form of money that enables us to accurately perform this calculation, is Bitcoin. Thus, for a community champion like Junior Gabela, or a conservation non-profit organisation, the cost of living or the operational costs will get cheaper should they migrate to a Bitcoin Standard. **Bitcoin’s value proposition is that it is the best savings technology. And only when humans can save, can they start to value everything around them.** ***WHY IS BITCOIN VITAL FOR CONSERVATION?*** The future of biodiversity will be determined by the choices of people at scale, whether it is communities at the wildlife interface, humans harvesting resources on which other species depend, or elected politicians making decisions about land-use. If we want to spread this philosophy of conservation, then we also need to scale low time preference. People need to value their future, but how can they when their economic energy is being debased by inflation? When you are struggling to pay rent, transport and food, what does it matter if **African Penguins** are going extinct. We don’t need birds and grasslands and wetlands in order to survive ourselves- humanity will always engineer an alternative or synthetic solution; that’s why the human species continues to flourish in places where the biodiversity has been eliminated. But if we all use sound money, that is finite in supply and incorruptible, we can secure our future with productivity. With free market money, prices will fall to the marginal cost of production, and savings will increase in purchasing power. We can then spend more time enjoying life, and we can value Nature purely for the Cultural Services she offers us, *like birding*. ***WHY DID WE CHOOSE THE NAME “SATOSHI’S SPARROWS”?*** The [Bitcoin White Paper](https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-paper) was published by cypherpunk **Satoshi Nakamoto** on 31 October 2008, and in 2011 Satoshi disappeared- to this day his identity remains a mystery. What we do know is that he favoured Austrian economics and despised central banks. He knew that the perfect money needed to be independent of human control, and so he wrote the open-source code for Bitcoin: sound money run on an incorruptible ledger that is maintained by thousands of contributors around the world. What remains is all the early Bitcoin that he mined. And it serves two purposes: For 16 years no individual, company or nation-state has been able to hack the wallet and move these enormous holdings, proving the networks’s security model of cryptography and proof-of-work. The voluntary protocol has demonstrated anti-fragility and immutability; growing in the abscence of any singlular entity or group, revealing that we have finally [separated money from state](https://braiins.com/books/bitcoin-separation-of-money-and-state). **Sparrow Wallet** is an open-source, globably reknown, Bitcoin desktop wallet. In a small way, our birding team pays homage to the South African developer that in the spirit of Satoshi, shares it for free with the world for anyone seeking self-sovereignty. Visit [sparrowwallet.com](http://sparrowwallet.com). ***HOW DOES BITCOIN HELP A BIRD GUIDE?*** Junior Gabela is a local legend in Mtunzini, and your best birding asset when visiting Ngoye and Dlinza mistbelt forests, or when searching for local specials such as **Palmnut Vulture**, **Mangrove Kingfisher** and **Southern Banded Snake Eagle**. But the reality is that the financial system is rigged against him. The only honest way to improve the quality of one’s life is to *add value to society*, *live within your means*, and then *accumulate financial assets*; but what do you do when you can only save in cash, and your money is a melting ice cube? What do you do when you can’t afford to buy a mortgage, or don’t meet the barriers of entry to get exposure to the Magnifcent 7? ***Bitcoin is the most equitable asset available.*** Now Junior can access the same asset class as a Wall Street banker or a nation-state. Bitcoin doesn’t care what your name is or what you look like, plus it’s permissionless- the protocol for prosperity.  With a smartphone, or even an old school feature phone (thanks to proudly South African [machankura.com](http://machankura.com)), anyone can save in the instrument that measures everything else, and everything goes to zero against Bitcoin. Not only is it the best way to hedge against inflation and migrate one’s economic energy through time, but it is also extremely liquid and portable, and can be used for daily transactions using the Lightning Network. You can spend it at Pick n Pay (using the [blink.sv](https://www.blink.sv) phone wallet), or at any business on [btcmap.org](http://btcmap.org) or [wedobitcoin.co.za](http://wedobitcoin.co.za), or you can trade a few satoshis peer-to-peer for ZAR with a friend that’s also stacking. That’s why we call it [Freedom Money](https://freedommoney.africa). For awesome birding in KZN, contact [Junior Gabela](https://zululandbirdingwithjuniorgabela.co.za) at **+27 82 667 3704**, and why not send some sats to his Lightning address: juniorgabela@blink.sv Study Bitcoin. 

@ e8ed3798:67dd345a

Crowdsourcing subjective value is a great idea, but when no thought has been put into how to do it, the results are neither useful nor healthy. In this article we discuss the problems with the classic five star rating system and why it needs to be abolished in favor of better expressions of public sentiment. ## Part 1: What's In A Star? Let's start with a thought experiment: - Do you buy products on Amazon that have 3 stars? - Do you take rides from Uber drivers that have 3 stars? - Do you download apps on the App Store that have 3 stars? - Do you visit places on Google Maps that have 3 stars? "Not on purpose," is probably your answer. But why not? After all, a three out of five is better than the median; it's 60 percent! That is solidly "above average" by any usual measure. Although it makes sense in mathematical terms, it is not correct to say that a 3 star product is at least half as good as a 5 star product. The funny thing about the 5 star rating system is that nobody really knows exactly what the stars mean, mostly because they aren't ever explained. They are just a weak abstraction of a score out of 5, which itself is an abstraction of a score out of 100, and it is used to average all ratings for a thing into an average star rating. Presumably, 5 is the best and 1 is the worst, and somewhere in between is... what exactly? Mediocre? Passable? Acceptable? Average? Who knows! This is the first problem with this system; while the top and bottom of the scale may be implied (ambiguity still isn't great), the middle of the scale is entirely ambiguous. Most of the time, people start with a default supposition that a product ought to be 5 stars, and then they subtract stars according to their own perceived deficiencies of the product. On the flip side, people who are dissatisfied with a product tend to start at 1 star and perhaps award it a couple more if they are feeling charitable. This dualistic approach highlights another issue with this kind of rating system. Despite the pure quantitative mechanism, the feelings and disposition of the rater ultimately assign meaning to the numeric scale. Ultimately, any 5 star rating system ends up being a gamut ranging from hate it to love it with a lot of ambiguity in the middle. To put it simply, the stars mean nothing. But to be more precise, the stars are the *average* of the *numeric expression* of the public sentiment about a thing. OK, public sentiment. That's what we want right? We want to know what the public thinks about the product so we can make a good purchase decision. Except, unfortunately, the 5 star rating system does an incredibly imprecise job at capturing what the public actually thinks about a product. Let's dive into why this is. But first, to conclude our thought experiment, I'd like to establish an informal consensus that we instinctually seek out the highest rated items and avoid ratings less than 4.5 out of 5, with infrequent exceptions. If this sounds like you, then let's proceed. ## Part 2: Trash or Treasure How does one turn their feelings into a number? This is not something people are good at, or do naturally, or are even required to do very often. It is also completely subjective and arbitrary. Does "happy" mean 5 or 100 or 902,581? It really depends on what you are trying to measure. However, you've probably done this on a survey. Normally, a range of options is given with accompanying numbers. You may have heard a guiding explanation such as "Rate one through five, with one being 'least likely' and five being 'most likely' to recommend to a friend." Such explanations are useful in assisting a person in expressing their personal sentiments as a numeric range, and anecdotally I seem to provide more nuanced answers when I have guidance as to what each value actually means to me. However, such explanations are missing from most places where five star rating systems can make or break one's livelihood as a seller, developer, or musician. Users are normally given no guidance as to how a particular star value should correspond to their sentiment. Accordingly, this manifests in an all too common star rating smiley. Like the famed "smiley face curve" equalizer setting popularized in the 70's in which the frequencies of a song were engineered to grow from the midranges upward toward the treble and bass making a smile shape (who's midrange is the lowest), the star rating smile is a common sight on product reviews where the most common review ratings appear anecdotally to be 5 and 1, then 4 and 2, and lastly 3. The fact that the most common ratings are five stars and one star indicates that people most often do not think about their experience as a gradient between good and bad, but rather simply label their sentiment as only "good" or "bad" with little room for nuance. Having not received any guidance for expressing their sentiment numerically, this should be wholly unsurprising. But, I also feel like this binary outcome is a very natural expression that requires minimal mental energy to produce, and is therefore the most efficient expression of sentiment. I suspect that in another universe where we have a commonplace 15 star rating system but humans are the same, the most common ratings are 15 stars and 1 star respectively. Other factors influence this binary good/bad paradigm too. People know instinctively that leaving a bad review is bad for business, and often this is their vengeful response to any sense of feeling as if they have been mistreated, misled, or swindled by the seller. Often times the sheer excitement of the new product compels people to write reviews only minutes after they have received it, precluding them from providing an experienced and time-tested perspective of how the product performs. These quirks of human behavior can skew five star ratings severely. But the behaviors themselves are not bad! They are totally natural and expected. The real problem is how the five star rating system fails to capture these commonplace human sentiments accurately. We need to build a rating system that works for people rather than forcing people to fit into a poorly executed rating system. ## Part 3: Feast or Famine It is natural that when presented with a plethora of options, humans will be drawn to the options that are labeled as "the best". When "best" possible is five stars, then five stars naturally becomes the [Schelling point](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_point_(game_theory))for all buyers and sellers, where the vast majority of economic activity is concentrated. When all ratings are seen from a five-based perspective, fours look barely adequate. Threes look unacceptable. Twos are abject. And ones are complete disasters. You may have heard about how [Uber would suspend drivers whose ratings fell below 4.6](https://www.inc.com/minda-zetlin/uber-rider-ratings-deactivation-lyft-rideshare.html). The tendency of five star rating systems is to create a gradient of sentiment where 1 to 4.5 stars is "bad" and 4.5 to 5 stars is "good". One rarely discussed outcome of this dynamic is that good ratings are nearly impossible to compare to each other. As alluded to in the introduction thought experiment, the narrow range between 4.5 and 5 leaves very little room to distinguish from a good product and an excellent product; both are simply "good" or "not bad". As highly rated products are usually the products people are most interested in, it is unfortunate that a favorable rating would actually provide less signal than a bad rating as to the product's relative quality in the spectrum of good ratings. Meanwhile, bad ratings have wide berth to compare numerically. The astronomical range between 1 and 4.5 is a very spacious gradient in which to assess how bad one product is versus another, except nobody actually cares because nobody is going to buy it anyway! In the five star rating system, the better a product is, the *less* information we get to compare it to other similarly good products. This is a critical design flaw, because the better a product is and the more people review it, the *more* information we should have about it versus other similar products. It would be better if the range of "good" ratings was wider so that good ratings could be compared to each other. I'd like to emphasize that the *loss of precision* as a product becomes more desirable is a truly ludicrous mechanic of the five star rating system. This poorly conceived rating paradigm completely pervades our digital economic systems and determines the success of millions of producers. Let's be clear about the stakes. Assigning subjective value to things is completely overlooked for what it really is: a absolutely critical and monumentally influential economic activity. Because the most important economic activity is how we assign value to things with money, the second most important economic activity is how we *inform* our economic value assignments with subjective value assignments such as these. We need to fix how we rate things. It could literally change how entire economies function. ## Part 4: Quality or Quantity Valve has obviously put thought into how they handle ratings for video games sold through their extremely popular and long-lived Steam platform. Reviews are not allowed until a certain amount of hours of the game have been played. The review must assign a thumbs-up or thumbs-down, and then provide a minimum amount of text. Then, rather than simply providing an average of these binary ratings, Steam averages them over a recent period of time, creating a dynamic where if a game developer releases a new update, the reviews written more recently are sure to influence the overall rating of the game rather than old ratings that haven't taken the new update into consideration. Finally, the aggregated rating itself is displayed as "Overwhelming Negative", "Very Negative", "Mostly Negative", "Mixed", "Mostly Positive", "Very Positive", or "Overwhelmingly Positive". Ask yourself, which product would you be more likely to try? - 2.5/5 stars - "Mixed Reviews" Ironically, the Steam rating system gives users less flexibility to express their sentiment as a number, and yet provides more depth, nuance, and balance to the resulting ratings. This, ladies and gentlemen, is what it looks like when somebody gives a damn about how things work. It is a great system. Another interesting emergent behavior that accompanies many Steam reviews, as well as many reviews on other sites, are user generated pros/cons lists. These lists are helpful and offer qualitative labels that help to explain the quantitative rating assignment, although these labels are not mechanically related to the rating system itself. Steam has another mechanism to express qualitative judgements in the form of labels, although they had to be restricted because they were being abused in undesirable or nefarious ways. Now the labeling system does more to tell you about what the game is rather than what people think about it, which is fine, but I feel like it is a missed opportunity. Therefore, I'd like to propose a simple system that combines thumbs up/down and labeling to be used in the context of nostr's review system. ## Part 5: QTS I call this new review system QTS, or the "Qualitative Thumb System". [Originally I developed QTS when working at Arcade Labs.](https://github.com/ArcadeLabsInc/arcade/wiki/ArcadeSocial) [This PR for a new nostr review mechanism](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/879) allows for a lot of flexibility in how you apply ratings to things, so QTS is simply a method of applying rating values that creates a better human-oriented review system. QTS is a way of using reviews. In essence, QTS capitalizes on our very human instinct to assign a "good" or "bad" label by limiting the quantitative assessment to a thumbs-up or thumbs-down. Then, QTS provides qualitative labels that describe possible positive sentiments that describe different aspects of the thing being rated. First, the user chooses thumbs-up or thumbs-down as their overall assessment. If they do nothing else, this is sufficient to capture their sentiment. However, labels should be provided which the user can check or toggle on to increase their rating further. The initial thumbs up is worth 0.5, and each label is worth (0.5 / number of labels). The minimum rating is 0 (thumbs down, no labels), and the maximum rating is 1 (thumbs up and all labels). Any rating 0.5 or above is trending toward good and below 0.5 is trending toward bad. The labels should be applicable in the context of the thing. So, for example, I might provide the following labels for place reviews in a Google Maps-style app: - Convenient - Clean - Affordable - Memorable - Inviting These labels could possibly describe any place. It's OK if a place doesn't have all of these qualities. Zero labels and at thumbs up is still a "good" rating. Each label selected is essentially a "cherry on top" and its absence may indicate that either it isn't applicable OR the place failed to earn it. Likewise, it is possible that you may give a place a thumbs-down and apply labels; this would result in a rating higher than 0 but still in the bad gradient (below 0.5). Here are the key benefits I want to highlight of QTS: - The 5 star rating system forces a user to do the work of translating their sentiment into a quantity. With QTS, the user never has to translate their feelings into a number! They only express good or bad and pick labels, and the QTS mechanism does the work of translating this into a computation-friendly value. - The 5 star rating system generally results in a "bad" range from 1 to 4.5 and a "good" range from 4.5 to 5. QTS balances this with a "bad" rating at 0, a "good" rating at 0.5, and an excellent rating is anything above 0.5 (up to 1.0). This creates the maximum possible gradient between good and bad which makes it easier to compare similar ratings. Recall this in contrast to the 5 star rating system which actually _loses precision_ as more ratings are provided. - It is also helpful that similar QTS ratings may have different labels, which will allow people to make easy qualitative assessments that do not depend on users generating their own pros/cons list. ## Part 6: Implementing QTS Here is how it works: You give the user the option to rate a thumbs up or thumbs down. Then, you also give your user the option to choose from a predefined set of positive labels. You can have any number of labels but try to keep it below 10 so as not to overwhelm your users. Keep the labels general enough that they could potentially apply to any thing being rated. For example, if you were providing labels for Amazon.com, some good labels would be: - Good Value - Good Quality - As Described - Durable - Right Size These labels are general enough that they could apply to almost any product. It is important to create labels that are general so that when comparing product ratings you are comparing the same labels. It is possible however that something like Amazon.com could define a different QTS label subset for each product category, and then the labels could be more specific to that category. For example, a product category of Candles could have "Long Burning", "Good smell", "Safe", etc. These labels are much more specific, but appropriate for the Candle product category. The main point is that products which should be compared should use the same QTS label set. Some poor examples of labels would be: - Orange (not really relevant to the product's assessment) - Easy to Lift (only relevant to certain products) - Made in USA (not really relevant to the product's assessment) - Cheap (not descriptive enough and could be interpreted as negative) A score is derived as follows: - a thumbs-down is a score of 0.00 - a thumbs-up is a score of 0.50 - a label is worth 0.50 ÷ the number of labels available. So, if there are 3 labels to pick from, each label is worth 0.1666. The labels should all have the same value. Here is an example by calvadev being used on Shopstr: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/879#issuecomment-2502210146 You can adjust the weights however you want. The fundamental thing that QTS prescribes is that a thumbs up gives a 50% score, and labels each contribute an equal share up to another 50%. # Conclusion With nostr we have a great opportunity to improve the economic information available to the planet. A more efficient market based on higher quality information will improve civilization in ways we may not expect, but definitely deserve! If you like this post, be sure to give it a thumbs up ✌😁

@ b8851a06:9b120ba1

## **It Begins with a Click** It starts with a click: *“Do you agree to our terms and conditions?”*\ You scroll, you click, you comply. A harmless act, right? But what if every click was a surrender? What if every "yes" was another link in the chain binding you to a life where freedom requires approval? This is the age of permission. Every aspect of your life is mediated by gatekeepers. Governments demand forms, corporations demand clicks, and algorithms demand obedience. You’re free, of course, as long as you play by the rules. But who writes the rules? Who decides what’s allowed? Who owns your life? --- ## **Welcome to Digital Serfdom** We once imagined the internet as a digital frontier—a vast, open space where ideas could flow freely and innovation would know no bounds. But instead of creating a decentralized utopia, we built a new feudal system. - Your data? Owned by the lords of Big Tech. - Your money? Controlled by banks and bureaucrats who can freeze it on a whim. - Your thoughts? Filtered by algorithms that reward conformity and punish dissent. The modern internet is a land of serfs and lords, and guess who’s doing the farming? You. Every time you agree to the terms, accept the permissions, or let an algorithm decide for you, you till the fields of a system designed to control, not liberate. They don’t call it control, of course. They call it *“protection.”* They say, “We’re keeping you safe,” as they build a cage so big you can’t see the bars. --- ## **Freedom in Chains** But let’s be honest: we’re not just victims of this system—we’re participants. We’ve traded freedom for convenience, sovereignty for security. It’s easier to click “I Agree” than to read the fine print. It’s easier to let someone else hold your money than to take responsibility for it yourself. It’s easier to live a life of quiet compliance than to risk the chaos of true independence. We tell ourselves it’s no big deal. What’s one click? What’s one form? But the permissions pile up. The chains grow heavier. And one day, you wake up and realize you’re free to do exactly what the system allows—and nothing more. --- ## **The Great Unpermissioning** It doesn’t have to be this way. You don’t need their approval. You don’t need their systems. You don’t need their permission. The Great Unpermissioning is not a movement—it’s a mindset. It’s the refusal to accept a life mediated by gatekeepers. It’s the quiet rebellion of saying, *“No.”* It’s the realization that the freedom you seek won’t be granted—it must be reclaimed. - **Stop asking.** Permission is their tool. Refusal is your weapon. - **Start building.** Embrace tools that decentralize power: Bitcoin, encryption, open-source software, decentralized communication. Build systems they can’t control. - **Stand firm.** They’ll tell you it’s dangerous. They’ll call you a radical. But remember: the most dangerous thing you can do is comply. The path won’t be easy. Freedom never is. But it will be worth it. --- ## **The New Frontier** The age of permission has turned us into digital serfs, but there’s a new frontier on the horizon. It’s a world where you control your money, your data, your decisions. It’s a world of encryption, anonymity, and sovereignty. It’s a world built not on permission but on principles. This world won’t be given to you. You have to build it. You have to fight for it. And it starts with one simple act: refusing to comply. --- ## **A Final Word** They promised us safety, but what they delivered was submission. The age of permission has enslaved us to the mundane, the monitored, and the mediocre. The Great Unpermissioning isn’t about tearing down the old world—it’s about walking away from it. You don’t need to wait for their approval. You don’t need to ask for their permission. The freedom you’re looking for is already yours. Permission is their power—refusal is yours.

@ e1d968f7:5d90f764

In the digital age, reviews play a pivotal role in every industry, and escorting is no different. For me, reviews aren’t just feedback; they’re a lifeline for building trust, attracting new clients, and standing out in a competitive world. But like so many aspects of this job, managing reviews requires care, strategy, and a touch of finesse. ### **Why Reviews Matter** When someone is considering booking with me, they often turn to reviews first. They provide a sense of reassurance and help potential clients feel confident about their choice. - **Building Credibility:** Positive reviews show that I’m genuine, professional, and deliver the experience I promise. They help break down any initial hesitation a client might have. - **Standing Out:** In an industry where there are countless options, a few glowing reviews can make all the difference. They show why I’m unique and worth the time. - **Feedback for Growth:** Even the occasional critical review can be useful. It’s a chance to reflect and improve how I approach my work. ### **How I Encourage Reviews** Not everyone leaves a review, even if they had a great experience. I’ve learned to gently encourage feedback in ways that feel natural and respectful. - **Casual Suggestions:** Sometimes, during a conversation or at the end of a session, I might say something like, “If you feel comfortable, a review would mean a lot.” - **Follow-Up Messages:** A polite follow-up, thanking them for their time and subtly mentioning reviews, often works wonders. - **Respecting Boundaries:** It’s always important to let clients know there’s no pressure. Their comfort and privacy come first. ### **Handling Negative Reviews** No one likes receiving a negative review, but I’ve learned that it’s part of the job. How I handle them can say as much about me as the positive ones. - **Staying Professional:** I’ve trained myself not to take things personally, even when a review stings. A calm, professional response can turn things around or at least show others that I handle situations with grace. - **Taking Lessons to Heart:** If the criticism is valid, I take it seriously. It’s an opportunity to improve and ensure I’m providing the best experience possible. - **Dealing with Fake Reviews:** Unfortunately, fake or malicious reviews do happen. In those cases, I work with the platform to get them removed, protecting my reputation. ### **Making the Most of Positive Reviews** When a client leaves a lovely review, it’s like receiving a little gold star for my work. But there’s an art to showcasing them effectively. - **Profile Highlights:** I carefully select the best snippets from reviews to feature on my profile. They give potential clients a taste of what I’m like. - **Sharing Selectively:** Occasionally, I’ll share anonymised testimonials on my site or social media, always ensuring I protect the client’s privacy. - **Authenticity is Key:** I focus on presenting reviews that reflect the real me, rather than creating a perfect but unrealistic image. ### **Balancing Reviews and Authenticity** While reviews are incredibly valuable, I remind myself that they’re not the be-all and end-all of who I am or what I do. - **Avoiding Perfectionism:** A profile with nothing but glowing reviews can feel too polished. I embrace the occasional constructive comment—it adds a human touch. - **Staying True to Myself:** My reviews should reflect my genuine personality, quirks, and the unique experiences I offer. Authenticity resonates with the clients I want to attract. ### **Conclusion** Reviews are a powerful part of my work—they build trust, open doors to new clients, and show the care I put into what I do. By encouraging honest feedback, handling critiques gracefully, and always staying true to myself, I’ve learned how to use reviews as a tool for growth and connection while maintaining the authenticity that makes my service special. Rebecca x

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

`relayServer = [ "wss://search.nos.today/", "wss://relay.nostr.band/", ]; relays = [relay for relay in relayServer] words = "news" filters = {"kinds":[1,30023],"limit":100,"search":words} r = RelayPool(relays) r.connect(5) def handler_event(event): dt_object = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(event['created_at']) log.blue(dt_object.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),False) print(event['content']) print(event['tags']) subs = r.subscribe(filters) subs.on("EVENT",handler_event)` 这里主要解决的问题是 ：服务器的选择，不是所有的服务器都支持搜索的。 第二， filter的写法，这个其实普通的去填写就可以。 然后订阅后，就有结果了。 过一段时间 nostrhttp会增加这个功能。

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

**Table Of Content** - Unexpected Findings in a Prison Raid - The Tocorón Prison: A Criminal Haven - The Lucrative World of Bitcoin Mining - A Growing Trend in Latin America - Conclusion - FAQ In the ever-evolving world of crime, criminals are constantly seeking innovative ways to further their illicit gains. The recent Venezuelan prison raid offers a startling glimpse into this world, revealing an unexpected intersection between organized crime and the realm of cryptocurrency. This article delves into the surprising findings of the raid, the notorious Tocorón prison, the lucrative allure of Bitcoin mining, and the emerging trend of cryptocurrency in the Latin American criminal landscape. **Unexpected Findings in a Prison Raid** In a recent raid on the Tocorón prison in Aragua state, Venezuelan authorities made an unexpected discovery. Alongside the anticipated confiscation of rocket launchers, grenades, and bullets, they stumbled upon Bitcoin mining machines. This operation, which involved a staggering 11,000 troops, was aimed at dismantling the country's most formidable organized crime group. While weapons were a predictable find, the presence of Bitcoin miners was a revelation that caught many off guard. Videos circulating on social media platforms showcased buildings filled with these machines, emphasizing the scale of the operation. The juxtaposition of traditional weapons with high-tech mining equipment highlights the adaptability and resourcefulness of criminal organizations, demonstrating their willingness to embrace new technologies to further their objectives. **The Tocorón Prison: A Criminal Haven** The Tocorón prison, located in the heart of Venezuela, has long been notorious for being under the control of criminals. In fact, it had been run by them for years, turning it into a veritable fortress of illicit activities. This prison wasn't just a place of confinement; it boasted amenities like a swimming pool and even a mini zoo, painting a picture of a facility that was more a criminal fortress than a penitentiary. Such luxuries are unheard of in conventional prisons, suggesting a level of autonomy and power that these criminals wielded. Venezuelan prisons, in general, have a reputation for being perilously overcrowded and hazardous, often leading to violent confrontations. This particular raid marked the first time Venezuelan authorities took decisive action against the dreaded Tren de Aragua, a criminal organization with a hand in various illicit activities, ranging from drug and human trafficking to extortion, both within Venezuela and in neighboring countries. The audacity of such a group to operate so openly speaks volumes about the challenges faced by Venezuelan law enforcement. **The Lucrative World of Bitcoin Mining** Bitcoin mining, for the uninitiated, might seem like a complex digital process, but its implications are very tangible. Mining machines play a pivotal role in minting new coins and ensuring the security of the Bitcoin blockchain. Engaging in this energy-intensive process requires a significant amount of electricity, often leading to concerns about its environmental impact. However, the rewards, in the form of new cryptocurrency, can be substantial. A recent report from Coin Metrics highlighted that Bitcoin miners raked in a whopping $184 million from transaction fees in a mere three months, from April to June. This lucrative venture offers a glimpse into why criminals might be drawn to such operations, given the potential for immense profits. The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies also provides a level of anonymity, making it an attractive option for those wishing to operate outside the purview of traditional financial systems. **A Growing Trend in Latin America** The discovery of Bitcoin mining machines in the Tocorón prison isn't an isolated incident. Just two weeks prior, Chilean police uncovered a drug trafficking ring in Santiago that was operating a Bitcoin mining venture. This suggests a growing trend among criminals in Latin America, who seem to be exploring the lucrative world of cryptocurrency. As the digital currency gains traction globally, it's evident that the criminal underworld is also keen on capitalizing on its potential. The integration of cryptocurrency into criminal operations represents a new frontier in crime, challenging law enforcement agencies to adapt and develop new strategies to combat this emerging threat. **Conclusion** The Venezuelan prison raid serves as a stark reminder of the intricate and ever-changing nature of organized crime. As the lines between traditional criminal activities and the digital world blur, it's crucial for authorities to stay one step ahead. The fusion of organized crime with the world of cryptocurrency underscores the need for continued vigilance and adaptability in the face of evolving criminal methodologies. **FAQs** **What was discovered during the Venezuelan prison raid?** Along with weapons like rocket launchers and grenades, authorities found Bitcoin mining machines in the Tocorón prison. **Who controlled the Tocorón prison?** The prison had been under the control of criminals for years, notably the Tren de Aragua crime group. **Why is Bitcoin mining significant?** Bitcoin mining is the process of minting new coins and securing the Bitcoin blockchain. It can be highly lucrative, with miners earning substantial amounts from transaction fees. **Is cryptocurrency involvement a trend in Latin American crime?** Yes, there's a growing trend among criminals in Latin America to integrate cryptocurrency into their operations, as seen in both Venezuela and Chile. **How are authorities responding to this trend?** The Venezuelan raid signifies a proactive approach by authorities, but the blending of crime with cryptocurrency highlights the need for continued vigilance and adaptability. **That's all for today** **If you want more, be sure to follow us on:** **NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com** **X: [@croxroadnews](https://x.com/croxroadnewsco)** **Instagram: [@croxroadnews.co](https://www.instagram.com/croxroadnews.co/)** **Youtube: [@croxroadnews](https://www.youtube.com/@croxroadnews)** **Store: https://croxroad.store** **Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter** **https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe** *DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.*

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/850896

@ 141daddd:1df80a3f

In the world of social media, the term "echo chamber" often carries a negative connotation. It’s associated with reinforcing biases, limiting perspectives, and fostering division. However, on platforms like **Nostr**, echo chambers take on a new, empowering dimension—one that allows users to consciously curate their own feeds and use them as tools for self-improvement and personal growth. ## The Power of Voluntary Echo Chambers Unlike traditional social networks, where algorithms dictate what you see based on corporate interests or ad revenue, Nostr puts the power back in your hands. You choose the accounts you follow, the content you consume, and ultimately, the ideas that shape your thinking. This creates a **voluntary echo chamber**, one that reflects your personal interests and goals rather than the priorities of a centralized algorithm. This concept ties into psychological principles like **autosuggestion** or **self-programming**. By surrounding yourself with content that aligns with your aspirations, you can subtly influence your thoughts and behaviors over time. For example: - Following accounts that discuss **Bitcoin** might deepen your understanding of it even if you are normally lazy to do your own research. - Subscribing to content about **meat eating** or **lifting** could motivate you to adopt those habits. - Engaging with posts about **self-discipline** or **personal development** might inspire you to take actionable steps toward your goals. Scrolling through your Nostr feed becomes more than a passive activity—it becomes a form of self-conditioning. Each post you see reinforces the values and ideas you’ve chosen to prioritize, nudging you toward the person you want to become. ## A Contrast with Traditional Social Media On traditional platforms like Facebook, Instagram, or X, the feed is curated by algorithms designed to maximize engagement. These algorithms often prioritize sensationalism, controversy, or content that serves the platform’s business model. As a result, your brain is programmed not by your own goals, but by the interests of the corporation behind the platform. This distinction is crucial. On Nostr, **you are the algorithm**. You decide what influences you, creating a space where your feed becomes a tool for self-improvement rather than a source of manipulation. ## Echo Chambers as Positive Spaces The idea of an echo chamber isn’t inherently negative. In fact, any group or community built around shared interests can be considered an echo chamber. Think about: - A **sports club**, where everyone encourages each other to train harder and improve. - A **book club**, where members discuss ideas that expand their intellectual horizons. - A **support group**, where people share experiences and motivate each other to overcome challenges. These are all examples of echo chambers that people enter voluntarily, and they often lead to positive outcomes. The same principle applies to Nostr. By carefully curating your feed, you can create a digital space that motivates, educates, and inspires you. ## The Key to Beneficial Echo Chambers The difference between a harmful and a beneficial echo chamber lies in **intentionality**. On Nostr, you have the freedom to: 1. **Choose your influences**: Follow accounts that align with your values and goals. 2. **Avoid manipulation**: Stay clear of (mute) content that doesn’t serve your interests. 3. **Adapt over time**: As your priorities evolve, so can your feed. This level of control allows you to use echo chambers as a force for good—a way to program your mind for success, growth, and self-improvement. ## Final Thoughts Nostr represents a paradigm shift in how we interact with social media. By giving users the power to create their own echo chambers, it transforms the concept from something limiting into something liberating. Your feed becomes a reflection of your aspirations, a tool for self-programming, and a space for growth. So, the next time someone criticizes echo chambers, remember: when entered voluntarily and curated intentionally, they can be one of the most powerful tools for personal development. On Nostr, the choice is yours.

@ ae6ce958:d0f02c7d

The world today stands at the confluence of unprecedented technological advancement and entrenched systemic challenges. Economic inequality, resource misallocation, and social fragmentation persist, often exacerbated by opaque systems that prioritize the interests of the few over the needs of the many. At the heart of these issues lies a critical flaw: the absence of transparent, verifiable accountability in behaviors and outcomes. Enter DamageBDD, a revolutionary platform designed to automate behavioral verification and realign incentives; Damage Token, the accompanying utility token for integrating economic incentives; and Lightning Network Integration, enabling immediate liquidity for verified milestones. Together, they offer a transformative approach to addressing systemic challenges through fairness, transparency, and progress. This article critically explores the application of DamageBDD, Damage Token, and Lightning Network integration as tools to set the highest standards in behavioral verification, accountability, and real-world outcomes. --- The Core Premise: Why Verification and Liquidity Matter At its essence, DamageBDD is a response to a fundamental question: How do we ensure that what is promised is delivered, and how do we reward individuals and organizations fairly based on outcomes? In a world where centralized systems often obscure accountability, DamageBDD’s automated and decentralized verification capabilities bring clarity. The integration of the Lightning Network, a Layer-2 scaling solution for Bitcoin, takes this premise further by enabling instant, low-cost payments for verified milestones. This seamless liquidity enhances trust and fosters participation across all levels of society. 1. Behavioral Verification as the Foundation What It Is: Behavioral verification refers to the systematic confirmation that predefined actions or outcomes have occurred. Unlike trust-based systems, DamageBDD relies on automated verification, ensuring accuracy and fairness. Why It Matters: Trust is fragile, and its erosion often leads to inefficiencies, fraud, and disillusionment. DamageBDD replaces subjective evaluation with objective, immutable validation, building systems that reward effort, not influence. 2. Lightning Network Integration for Instant Liquidity What It Is: The Lightning Network allows fast, scalable transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain, providing near-instant payments with minimal fees. Why It Matters: By integrating the Lightning Network, DamageBDD ensures that payouts for verified milestones are immediate. This reduces the financial risks often associated with delays in traditional systems and enhances liquidity for contributors. 3. The Role of Incentives Incentives drive behavior. Misaligned incentives lead to inefficiencies, corruption, and exclusion. Damage Token, now enhanced with Lightning Network compatibility, ensures that rewards are directly tied to verified actions, fostering accountability and inclusivity. --- DamageBDD in Action: The Vision of Practical Application DamageBDD’s capabilities transcend industries, offering use cases that demonstrate its transformative potential: 1. Technology-Driven Development Challenge: Traditional software development often suffers from misaligned incentives—developers prioritize delivery speed over quality, and stakeholders lack transparency into progress. Solution: DamageBDD automates the verification of testing milestones. Paired with Lightning Network integration, developers receive immediate payouts upon milestone completion, incentivizing high-quality work. Impact: Developers and stakeholders benefit from reduced friction, enhanced trust, and improved product outcomes. 2. Public Infrastructure and Governance Challenge: Public projects are notoriously prone to corruption and inefficiency. Funds are misallocated, deadlines are missed, and trust in governance erodes. Solution: DamageBDD integrates with public project management to verify milestone completion. Using the Lightning Network, payments are released instantly upon verification, ensuring accountability and liquidity. Impact: Taxpayer money is safeguarded, public trust is restored, and projects deliver meaningful value without delays. 3. Education and Skill Development Challenge: Traditional education systems prioritize rote learning over real-world skills, and students from disadvantaged backgrounds often lack access to resources. Solution: DamageBDD tracks and verifies learning outcomes based on real-world applications, such as project submissions or skill demonstrations. Students are rewarded via the Lightning Network, enabling immediate access to resources. Impact: A meritocratic system emerges, empowering learners regardless of background. 4. Decentralized Economies Challenge: In traditional economies, wealth concentration and opaque systems marginalize individuals and small businesses. Solution: Damage Token, coupled with DamageBDD and Lightning Network integration, creates decentralized economic systems where contributions are rewarded with immediate payouts for verified tasks. Impact: Economic power shifts toward inclusivity, fostering a fairer distribution of resources. --- The Higher Standard: What Sets DamageBDD Apart For DamageBDD, Damage Token, and the Lightning Network to achieve their transformative potential, they must adhere to the highest standards of design and implementation. These principles distinguish them as tools for meaningful progress: 1. Transparency and Immutability By leveraging blockchain technology, DamageBDD ensures that every verified action is recorded immutably. This transparency builds trust among participants and prevents manipulation. 2. Decentralization and Liquidity Decentralization reduces systemic vulnerabilities, while Lightning Network integration ensures that liquidity is never a bottleneck for participants. 3. Ethical Alignment Behavioral verification must respect individual autonomy and privacy. DamageBDD integrates ethical considerations, ensuring that data is used responsibly and that systems promote fairness. 4. Incentive Realignment Damage Token ties economic incentives directly to verified actions, while the Lightning Network enables fast, frictionless access to rewards, fostering a more agile system. 5. Scalability and Adaptability DamageBDD is designed to integrate seamlessly across industries and use cases, ensuring broad applicability without compromising its core principles. --- Addressing Challenges: Critical Considerations While the potential of DamageBDD and its ecosystem is immense, its implementation must navigate several challenges: 1. Adoption Barriers Challenge: Organizations and individuals may resist adopting a new system, especially one that demands greater transparency and accountability. Solution: Education, pilot programs, and highlighting the efficiency of instant payouts via the Lightning Network can foster trust and buy-in. 2. Technical Integration Challenge: Integrating DamageBDD and Lightning Network with legacy systems may require significant effort. Solution: Modular design and interoperability features ensure smoother integration and faster adoption. 3. Ethical and Privacy Concerns Challenge: Behavioral verification involves data collection, which can raise privacy concerns. Solution: DamageBDD adheres to stringent privacy standards, ensuring that data is anonymized and used ethically. --- A Roadmap to the Future: Practical Progress Through Verification The long-term success of DamageBDD and its ecosystem depends on their ability to create meaningful, measurable change. Here’s how they can drive progress: 1. Building Inclusive Systems DamageBDD eliminates biases by evaluating behaviors, not backgrounds. This inclusivity ensures that opportunities are accessible to all. 2. Driving Accountability By automating verification, DamageBDD holds individuals and organizations accountable for their actions, fostering trust and integrity. 3. Empowering Marginalized Groups Damage Token, paired with the Lightning Network, provides immediate rewards, offering a lifeline for marginalized groups to participate in equitable systems. 4. Redefining Progress By tying incentives to verified outcomes, DamageBDD shifts the focus from short-term gains to long-term impact, redefining what progress means in the 21st century. --- Conclusion: The Vision of a Verified, Liquid Future DamageBDD, Damage Token, and Lightning Network integration represent a paradigm shift in how we approach accountability, incentives, and progress. By automating behavioral verification and enabling instant liquidity, this ecosystem creates systems that are transparent, inclusive, and transformative. In a world that often rewards power over merit and obscurity over transparency, DamageBDD sets a new standard. It is not just a technological evolution—it is a moral imperative, a call to action for organizations, governments, and individuals to embrace accountability and build systems worthy of humanity’s highest aspirations. The tools are here. The vision is clear. The future is verified, liquid, and equitable.

@ 0fe1a615:c70a7ba5

11

@ 16d11430:61640947

Fiat monetary systems, often viewed as tools for economic stability and growth, are deeply anthropomorphic in their structure and impact. These systems reflect the essence of human nature: tribalism, competition, and the drive for survival. From our evolutionary roots to the intricacies of modern society, fiat systems amplify these instincts, shaping familial dynamics, societal structures, and even genetic outcomes. This article delves into the anthropological dimensions of fiat systems, exploring their strengths, weaknesses, and how individuals can navigate and exploit these systems to their advantage in an equitable manner. --- Fiat Systems as an Extension of Human Tribalism 1. Tribalism and the Roots of Fiat Humans are inherently tribal beings, evolved to form close-knit groups that ensure survival through resource sharing and kin protection. Fiat systems, governed by centralized entities like central banks and governments, mirror these tribal instincts: Resource Centralization: Just as early tribes controlled access to food, water, and shelter, modern fiat systems centralize the control of money and credit. Kinship Favoritism: Policy-making often reflects tribal loyalty, prioritizing the interests of elite families and economic classes. Wealth circulates within these "modern tribes," ensuring their dominance across generations. 2. The Sociological Impact The societal effects of fiat systems are strikingly tribal in nature: Class Stratification: Wealth concentration creates modern “tribes” defined by socioeconomic status, leading to rigid class divides. Social Fragmentation: Disparities in resource access foster mistrust and division, weakening societal cohesion and reducing opportunities for collaboration. Cultural Hegemony: Elite groups shape societal values and norms, perpetuating their influence and marginalizing alternative perspectives. --- The Biological and Genetic Consequences Fiat systems influence not only societal dynamics but also biological and genetic outcomes: Health Disparities: Economic inequality leads to unequal access to healthcare and nutrition, creating long-term health and genetic advantages for wealthier groups. Reproductive Patterns: Wealthier families often have higher reproductive success, while economically disadvantaged groups face declining birth rates due to financial stress. Epigenetic Changes: Chronic stress caused by financial instability can lead to heritable epigenetic modifications, perpetuating cycles of disadvantage. --- Economic and Evolutionary Weaknesses of Fiat Systems While fiat systems are powerful, they are not invincible. Their weaknesses arise from their anthropomorphic tendencies, making them susceptible to manipulation and exploitation: 1. Over-Reliance on Centralization Weakness: Centralized control creates inefficiencies, corruption, and vulnerabilities to mismanagement. Exploitation Opportunity: Individuals can leverage decentralized systems (like Bitcoin) to protect their wealth from inflation and bypass the limitations of fiat systems. 2. Inflation as a Silent Tax Weakness: Inflation erodes purchasing power, disproportionately affecting savings and fixed-income earners. Exploitation Opportunity: Investing in assets that appreciate with inflation (e.g., real estate, gold, or cryptocurrencies) can preserve and grow wealth. 3. Debt Dependence Weakness: Fiat systems thrive on debt, creating cycles of dependency that can cripple individuals and nations. Exploitation Opportunity: By avoiding unnecessary debt and prioritizing investments in education and skill development, individuals can escape the debt trap and build long-term financial stability. 4. Wealth Inequality Weakness: The concentration of wealth limits economic mobility and stifles innovation. Exploitation Opportunity: Understanding the policies and mechanisms that benefit the wealthy (e.g., tax strategies, asset allocation) can help individuals replicate these practices ethically to improve their financial standing. --- Anthropomorphic Resilience: How to Thrive in a Fiat World 1. Leverage Knowledge and Financial Literacy Educate yourself on the nuances of monetary policy, taxation, and investment strategies. Use this knowledge to navigate fiat systems effectively, turning systemic biases into personal opportunities. 2. Embrace Decentralization Explore decentralized financial systems like Bitcoin to protect your wealth from inflation and central control. Advocate for policies that promote equitable access to resources and reduce systemic barriers. 3. Build Resilient Networks Cultivate strong social and professional networks that provide support and opportunities. Recognize the tribal nature of human relationships and use it to create inclusive, collaborative communities. 4. Invest in Future Generations Break the cycle of disadvantage by investing in education, health, and skill development for yourself and your family. Prioritize long-term thinking over short-term gains to create lasting wealth and resilience. --- Critically Examining the Future of Fiat and Tribalism Fiat systems, for all their flaws, are a reflection of humanity’s deepest instincts. They embody our desire to control resources, protect kin, and ensure survival. However, these same traits make fiat systems vulnerable to exploitation and perpetuation of inequality. Recognizing this duality is the first step toward reform. 1. The Need for Equity: By addressing the biases inherent in fiat systems, we can create more inclusive policies that benefit all members of society, not just the privileged few. 2. The Role of Individuals: Each person has the power to navigate and exploit these systems ethically, turning their weaknesses into opportunities for growth and empowerment. 3. The Path Forward: As humanity evolves, so too must our economic systems. By embracing decentralization, fostering education, and prioritizing collective well-being, we can transcend the limitations of tribalism and build a more equitable world. --- Conclusion: The Humanity in Fiat At its core, the fiat monetary system is neither inherently good nor evil—it is simply human. It reflects our strengths and weaknesses, our ambitions and fears. By understanding the anthropomorphic nature of fiat systems, we can navigate their complexities, address their flaws, and ensure they serve humanity rather than divide it. In doing so, we honor the best of what it means to be human: the ability to adapt, evolve, and create a future that transcends our tribal roots. Research References The intersection of tribalism, monetary systems, and societal evolution has intrigued thinkers across multiple disciplines, though often explored indirectly or in fragmented ways. Here are some prominent individuals and schools of thought that have touched upon these ideas: --- 1. Anthropologists and Sociologists Yuval Noah Harari: Books: Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Homo Deus. Harari delves into humanity's tribal instincts, the role of shared myths (like money), and how these constructs shape societies. He discusses how systems like fiat currency act as collective fictions that unite and divide. Emile Durkheim: Durkheim explored how social cohesion and division are influenced by economic and societal structures, foreshadowing modern critiques of capitalism and monetary systems. Marshall Sahlins: Books: Stone Age Economics. Sahlins analyzed the economic behaviors of early societies, highlighting the transition from tribal economies to centralized systems, including the rise of monetary mechanisms. --- 2. Economists and Monetary Theorists John Maynard Keynes: Keynes laid the foundation for modern monetary policy and explored how centralized control of money influences societal outcomes. Critics of Keynesian economics often highlight its potential to create inequality, unintentionally favoring elite "tribes." Friedrich Hayek: Books: The Road to Serfdom. Hayek critiqued centralized monetary systems and advocated for decentralized economic structures, anticipating the rise of alternatives like Bitcoin. Karl Marx: Books: Das Kapital. Marx argued that monetary systems are tools of class oppression, perpetuating tribal dynamics between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Saifedean Ammous: Books: The Bitcoin Standard. Ammous critiques fiat currency as a tool of wealth erosion and argues for Bitcoin as a decentralized alternative to counteract the tribal favoritism embedded in monetary systems. --- 3. Evolutionary Biologists and Geneticists Richard Dawkins: Books: The Selfish Gene. Dawkins popularized the idea that genetic survival drives human behavior, including tribalism. While not explicitly discussing fiat systems, his work underpins theories on how resource allocation and power structures serve genetic imperatives. E.O. Wilson: Books: The Social Conquest of Earth. Wilson explored how tribalism and group selection shape human societies, touching on themes relevant to how monetary systems reinforce social hierarchies. --- 4. Philosophers and Political Thinkers Friedrich Nietzsche: Nietzsche’s critiques of power and morality resonate with discussions on fiat systems, particularly the idea that such systems perpetuate control mechanisms favoring the powerful. Hannah Arendt: Books: The Human Condition. Arendt examined the relationship between power, labor, and societal structures, providing a philosophical lens to understand how monetary systems influence human behavior. --- 5. Modern Bitcoin and Decentralization Advocates Andreas M. Antonopoulos: Books: The Internet of Money. Antonopoulos advocates for decentralized systems like Bitcoin to counteract the inequalities and tribal dynamics perpetuated by fiat systems. Balaji Srinivasan: Ideas: Srinivasan often discusses the intersection of technology, economics, and societal evolution, emphasizing decentralized systems as a way to break free from entrenched tribal hierarchies. --- 6. Historians and Futurists Will Durant: Books: The Lessons of History. Durant explored how economic systems and tribal instincts shape civilizations over time, offering a historical lens on modern monetary practices. Arthur C. Clarke: Clarke's science fiction often speculated on humanity’s evolution, blending technology, sociology, and biology to imagine futures where human instincts like tribalism adapt to new paradigms. Alvin Toffler: Books: Future Shock. Toffler explored the impacts of rapid societal and technological change, touching on how economic systems evolve alongside human psychology. --- 7. Cultural Critics and Theorists Joseph Campbell: Books: The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Campbell’s work on myth and archetypes provides insights into how shared cultural narratives, including those tied to money and power, shape human societies. Frantz Fanon: Books: The Wretched of the Earth. Fanon analyzed the impacts of colonialism and economic exploitation on societal structures, resonating with critiques of fiat systems as tools of dominance. --- 8. Technologists and Cryptographers Satoshi Nakamoto (Pseudonym): The creator of Bitcoin, Nakamoto's vision challenges fiat systems and their inherent tribal favoritism, advocating for a decentralized, egalitarian alternative. Nick Szabo: Ideas: Szabo’s work on “smart contracts” and the history of money examines how monetary systems reinforce or dismantle tribal hierarchies. --- Conclusion: An Evolving Discourse While no single thinker has encapsulated the entire intersection of tribalism, genetics, fiat systems, and societal evolution, the cumulative insights of these scholars and innovators offer a comprehensive framework. Their work collectively illuminates how fiat systems reflect and amplify human instincts, providing fertile ground for future exploration and critique.

@ 52adc2ef:9f4bc0ba

ใครที่ติดตามข่าวสารการเงิน อาจจะเคยได้ยินชื่อ บริษัท Microstrategy (MSTR) ของ Michael Saylor ซึ่งเป็นบริษัทที่ซื้อ Bitcoin เก็บมหาศาล เเละได้เอา Bitcoin เป็น Reserve ของบริษัท เเละทำให้มูลค่าของบริษัทเพิ่มขึ้นกว่า 1,000% มีการออก Convertable Bond กู้เงินมาซื้อเป็น Bitcoin เป็นจำนวนมาก คนภายนอกที่ไม่เข้าใจอาจจะคิดว่าซื้อ Bitcoin เก็บเนี่ยนะ ผันผวนมาก คำถาม คือ Michael Saylor เค้าเห็นอะไรเเละกลยุทธ์ของบริษัท ในการทำคืออะไร ที่แค่ซื้อ Bitcoin บริษัทมูลค่าเพิ่มขึ้นมากขนาดนี้ มีความเสี่ยงอะไรมั้ย ณ ตอนนี้ มีบริษัทอื่นๆเริ่มที่จะใช้กลยุทธ์เดียวกัน สรุปจากคลิป Saylor กู้ซื้อบิตคอยน์ยังไงให้ตลาดสะเทือน | Right Talk EP.7 https://www.youtube.com/live/mxAFqnL7MxY?si=JbETn-4CGR7EP_v1 ### การลงทุนและการออม ก่อนจะไปที่กลยุทธ์ เราต้องเข้าใจการออมเเละการลงทุนกันก่อนครับ *การออม* คือ การเก็บเงินไว้ในที่ที่ปลอดภัย เเละใช้เมื่อยามจำเป็นหรือจะจุดประสงค์อะไรก็ตาม ควรเก็บในสิ่งที่เก็บมูลค่าได้ ไม่เสื่อมสลาย *การลงทุน* คือ การต้องการเงินเพิ่ม เเละมีความเสี่ยงว่าสามารถสูญเสียเงินบางส่วนไปได้ ระบบการเงินที่ควรเป็นคือ เงินควรรักษามูลค่าของมันได้ เเละ เพิ่มอำนาจการจับจ่ายใช้สอย ถ้าเงิน 100 บาท สามารถทำให้อยู่ใช้ชีวิตได้ การลงทุนคงไม่จำเป็นเเค่เก็บออมก็เพียงพอ เงิน 100 บาท กับ เงิน 1,000,000 บาท อำนาจการใช้สอยไม่เท่ากัน เเต่เเค่เงิน 100 บาท เพียงพอสำหรับคนที่ใช้ชีวิตอยู่ได้เพียงพอเเล้ว เเต่ในระบบ Fiat ปัจจุบัน ทำให้เงินมีมูลค่าน้อยลง ทุกคนจึงถูกบังคับให้ไปลงทุน บีบให้คนที่ต้องการแค่ออมต้องไปลงทุน ไม่ใช่ทุกคนที่จะลงทุนเเล้วสามารถทำกำไรจากตลาดได้ Bitcoin ทำให้การออมเเละการลงทุน แยกออกจากกันอย่างที่ควรจะเป็น ### กลยุทธ์ของ MSTR #### 1.หุ้นกู้แปลงสภาพ หรือ Convertable Bond Saylor ใช้วิธีการออก "หุ้นกู้แปลงสภาพ" หรือ Convertable Bond หุ้นกู้แปลงสภาพ คือ หุ้นกู้ที่แถมสิทธิ์ แปลงจากหนี้เป็นทุน ถ้าคุณให้ กู้ 100 บาท แทนที่จะคืนเป็นเงินเเต่ให้สิทธิ์เปลี่ยนหนี้เป็นหุ้นของบริษัทได้ จาก 100 บาท แปลงไปไปหุ้นของทางบริษัทแทน  *ขอบคุณรูปภาพจาก* https://www.thaibma.or.th/EN/Investors/Individual/Blog/2017/01112017.aspx เมื่อราคา Bitcoin ขึ้น ราคาสินทรัพย์ของบริษัทก็จะมากขึ้น แทนที่ทาง Saylor จะคืนเป็นเงินเปลี่ยนคืนเป็นหุ้นบริษัทแทน ถ้าพูดในอีกแง่ คือ มีความสามารถพิมพ์เงินเองได้ในรูปแบบของหุ้น ออกหุ้นใหม่จ่ายหนี้ของตัวเองได้เรื่อยๆ ในกรณีปกติ ผู้ลงทุนที่จะซื้อหุ้นกู้แปลงสภาพนั้น ต้องคาดการณ์ว่าหุ้นบริษัทนี้ขึ้น เพราะแทนที่จะได้เงินคืนได้เป็นหุ้นจะมีมูลค่ามากกว่า เเละไปขายในตลาดต่อได้ เเละหุ้นกู้แปลงสภาพจะมีดอกเบี้ยต่ำกว่าหุ้นกู้ทั่วไป เพราะบริษัทที่ออกมั่นใจว่าหุ้นของตนนั้นมีโอกาสที่จะมีมูลค่าเพิ่มขึ้น จึงต้องการเงินกู้ที่มีดอกเบี้ยต่ำกว่าเเต่คุณก็ได้หุ้นไป #### 2.มีความรู้เรื่อง Bitcoin เเละ Cycle ของ Bitcoin Saylor มีการศึกษาเรื่อง Bitcoin เป็นอย่างดี ว่าอนาคตสามารถที่จะเป็น Store of value เเละ เป็นทองคำดิจิตอล รู้เรื่อง cycle 4 ปีของ Bitcoin ที่จะมี Having (Having คือ ทุก 4 ปี Bitcoin จะมี Supply ลดลงครึ่งนึง)  *ขอบคุณรูปภาพจาก* https://tabtrader.com/academy/articles/bitcoin-halving-what-is-it-and-why-it-matters ถ้าสมมุติว่า มีความต้องการเหมือนเดิม เเละ มี Supply ลดลงครึ่งนึง ตามหลักเศรษฐศาสตร์ทั่วไปเเล้ว ราคาจะต้องเพิ่มขึ้น เพราะความต้องการมากกว่าความสามารถในการผลิต เเละวงจรของ Bitcoin เมื่อราคาขึ้นสูงสุดในทุกรอบมันจะลงมาทำราคา Low จากยอด ตามสถิติประมาณ 70-80% ซึ่งต้องวางแผนให้รอดในช่วงราคาต่ำสุดในเเต่ละรอบจึงออกเเบบให้มีระยะเวลา 5 ปี เพื่อที่จะครอบคลุมช่วงเวลาที่ราคา Bitcoin ต่ำสุดที่ใช้เวลารอบละประมาณ 4 ปี #### 3.มีความเข้าใจ Option Option หรือ สัญญาสิทธิ คือ สัญญาที่ผู้ซื้อได้รับ *สิทธิที่จะซื้อ* หรือ *สิทธิที่จะขาย* จากผู้ขาย อ้างอิงราคา จำนวน เเละ ระยะเวลา โดยจ่ายค่าพรีเมี่ยม เเละ เลือกที่จะใช้สิทธิหรือไม่ก็ได้ ที่ต้องนำเอา Option มาใช้ เนื่องจากมีการคิดมาเเล้วว่า ถ้าช่วง Bear Market ของ Bitcoin การที่จะขายหุ้นกู้จะยากขึ้นเพราะราคา Bitcoin ลง หุ้นของบริษัทต้องลดลง งั้นวิธีที่นำมาใช้ให้สามารถขายหุ้นกู้ในทุกสภาพตลาด และเครื่องมือที่ใช้ทำกำไรหรือป้องกันความเสี่ยงนั้นคือ *Option* ตัวอย่างของ Option  *ขอบคุณรูปภาพจาก* https://www.setinvestnow.com/th/derivative/what-are-futures-and-options ตัวอย่าง เปิดจองหุ้นขายสิทธิในการซื้อหุ้นที่ราคา 100 บาท โดยต้องจ่ายค่าจอง 5 บาท(ค่าพรีเมี่ยม) ถ้าราคาหุ้นวิ่งขึ้นไป 110 บาทเเสดงว่าเราได้กำไร 5 บาทเนื่องจากต้องจ่ายค่าพรีเมี่ยมไป 5 บาท ถ้าราคาหุ้นวิ่งลง 80 บาทเราก็จะไม่ทำการใช้สิทธิเพราะว่าไปซื้อหุ้นจริงๆราคาถูกกว่าการซื้อตามสิทธิเเต่เราจะเสียเเค่ค่าพรีเมี่ยม ซึ่ง *หุ้นเเปลงสภาพ* ของ Saylor นั้นเป็นการซื้อหุ้นเเละได้สิทธิของ option มาด้วย เเละฟรีค่าพรีเมี่ยม #### 4.Delta Hedged Call  *ขอบคุณรูปภาพจาก* https://thefinancialengineer.org/financial-engineering/volatility-engineering-and-volatility-trading/ การจะเข้าใจ Delta Hedged Call ต้องเข้าใจ *ความผันผวน* ความผันผวนในราคาหุ้น คือ ตัวอย่าง ราคาหุ้น A ใน 1 วันมีการวิ่งของราคาจาก 100 บาทไปที่ 200 บาทลงไปที่ 50 บาทเเละกลับมาที่ราคา 100 บาท ราคาหุ้น B ใน 1 วันมีการวิ่งของราคา 100 บาทไปที่ 105 บาทลงไปที่ 95 บาทเเละกลับมาที่ราคา 100 บาท แสดงว่า หุ้น A มีความผันผวนมากกว่าหุ้น B ซึ่งมันจะมีวิธีการในการหากำไรจากความผันผวนของราคา โดยไม่ต้องสนใจเรื่องของราคาหุ้น **Concept ของ Delta Hedged Call** หลังจากที่เข้าใจ option ความผันผวนเเล้ววิธีการ คือ การ call option เเละ Short sell หุ้น เพื่อ Hegding หุ้นตัวเอง ตัวอย่าง ``` ปัจจุบันราคาหุ้น 100 บาท call option ราคาใช้สิทธิที่ 200 บาท ราคาหุ้นได้มีการวิ่ง 150 บาท ลงมา 80 บาท กลับมาที่ราคา 110 บาท ``` สินทรัพย์ที่มีความผันผวนสูง ราคาพรีเมี่ยมจะมากกว่าราคาที่ Short sell เพราะนักลงทุนจะรู้สึกว่ามีโอกาสที่ราคาจะวิ่งไปที่ราคาใช้สิทธิที่ 200 บาท กลับกัน ``` ราคาสินทรัพย์ 100 บาท call option ราคาใช้สิทธิที่ 200 บาท ราคาหุ้นได้มีการลงมา 80 บาท ขึ้นไปที่ 150 บาท กลับมาที่ราคา 90 บาท ``` ราคาพรีเมี่ยมจะลงน้อยกว่าราคาที่ Short sell เพราะนักลงทุนจะรู้สึกว่ามีโอกาสที่ราคาจะวิ่งกลับไปราคาใช้สิทธิที่ 200 บาทได้ ซึ่งกราฟนี้จะเป็นไปได้คือ หุ้นต้องเหวี่ยงเเรงขึ้นเรื่อยๆ การใช้ความผันผวนของสินทรัพย์ต้องหาสินทรัพย์ที่ผันผวน Bitcoin ถือเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่ผันผวนมากที่สุดตัวนึง ทำให้ราคาหุ้นของ MSTR นั้นผันผวน ทำให้ saylor กล้าที่จะตั้งราคาแปลงสิทธิ์สูงกว่าหุ้นถึง 55% (หุ้นแปลงสภาพของ MSTR ราคาใช้สิทธิคือ 672 ดอลล่าร์ต่อหุ้นขณะที่ราคา 19/11/2024 อยู่ที่ 433 ดอลล่าร์ต่อหุ้น สามารถดูเพิ่มเติมที่ https://www.microstrategy.com/press/microstrategy-completes-3-billion-offering-of-convertible-senior-notes-due-2029-at-0-coupon-and-55-conversion-premium_11-21-2024) จะเห็นได้ว่านักลงทุนที่เข้าใจระบบนี้ทำกำไรได้ทั้งราคาขึ้นเเละลง ทำให้หุ้นกู้ของ MSTR นั้นสามารถขายได้ เเละนำเงินไปซื้อ Bitcoin ทำให้ราคาผันผวนมากขึ้นอีก ### จำนวนหุ้นมากขึ้นมูลค่าหุ้นของผู้ถือหุ้นเดิมจะลดลงมั้ย? โดยปกติการออกหุ้นเพิ่มจะทำให้มูลค่าของหุ้นลดลงเช่น ผู้ถือหุ้นเดิมมี 100 หุ้น ทั้งบริษัทมี 1,000 หุ้น คิดเป็น 10% ออกหุ้นเพิ่ม 1,000 หุ้นเป็น 2,000 หุ้น สัดส่วนของผู้ถือหุ้นเดิมเป็น 5% ทำให้มูลค่าของผู้ถือหุ้นเดิมลดลงด้วย เเต่ MSTR ให้ราคาเเปลงสิทธิมากกว่า 50% ทำให้ผู้ถือหุ้นเดิมได้มูลค่าเพิ่มขึ้น ตัวอย่าง ``` หุ้นบริษัท 10 หุ้น Bitcoin 10 BTC Bitcoin/Share = 1 BTC ``` สิ่งที่ MSTR ทำ ``` หุ้นกู้ 100 บาท ราคาBitcoin 100 บาท ราคาแปลงสิทธิ 50% = 200 บาท แปลงได้ 0.5 หุ้น หุ้นบริษัทหลังออกหุ้นกู้ 10.5 หุ้น Bitcoin 11 BTC Bitcoin/share = 1.045 BTC ``` ทำให้นักลงทุนเดิมได้มูลค่ามากขึ้นด้วย ซึ่งเอื้อให้ได้ประโยชน์กับทุกฝ่าย เเละเมื่อราคา Bitcoin เพิ่มมูลค่าบริษัทก็มากขึ้นตาม ทำให้บริษัทมีความน่าเชื่อถือ ในการออกหุ้นกู้ได้มากขึ้นอีก จากกระบวนการนี้เป็นการวนลูปเพื่อสามารถเพิ่ม Bitcoin ได้เรื่อยๆตราบที่ Bitcoin มีมูลค่าเเข็งเเกร่งกว่าดอลล่าร์ ### ความเสี่ยงเเละอนาคตของกลยุทธ์นี้ สิ่งที่จะทำให้กระบวนการนี้ไม่ได้ผลคือ เมื่อ Bitcoin ตาย หรือสูญเสียความสามารถการเป็น Store of value กระบวนการนี้จะทำให้มูลค่าของบริษัทหายไปอย่างรวดเร็ว #### บริษัทอื่นทำตามเเละถ้าระดับประเทศทำได้มั้ย? เเน่นอนว่ามูลค่าของ Bitcoin เพิ่มมากขึ้นเเน่ๆเเละคนที่ได้ประโยชน์ก็คือ MSTR ถ้าบริษัท Apple หรือ Google เริ่ม Reserve Bitcoin จะทำให้มีเเรงกระเพื่อมให้บริษัทอื่นๆทำตาม มีโอกาสที่ supply ของ Bitcoin น้อยลงมากจะเกิดการเเย่งชิงกันขึ้น ยิ่งระดับประเทศสามารถลดกลไกของการกู้ได้ทันที เพราะพิมพ์เงินมาซื้อเพื่อปลดหนี้ของตัวเองได้ ตัวอย่างในอดีตมีมาเเล้วที่ พิมพ์เงินที่อ่อนค่ากว่าไปซื้อสินทรัพย์ที่เเข็งกว่า ต้องพิมพ์เงินให้เเรงที่สุดไปซื้อให้ได้มากที่สุด ล้างหนี้เเละประกาศเงินสกุลใหม่ สรุปสุดท้ายทั้งหมดนี้เป็นการพูดคุย ทฤษฎี ที่คิดว่าทาง MSTR ของ Michael Saylor น่าจะมีกลยุทธ์ในการเก็บ Bitcoin โดยใช้ความรู้ Traditional Financial ในการแปลงทรัพย์สินจากเงิน Fiat เป็น Bitcoin หวังว่าจะเป็นประโยชน์กับทุกคนนะครับบบ

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Sometimes I forget that there are people that actually fall for corporate press propaganda. Heard it said recently that the deep state is a conspiracy theory. That is so stupid I almost don't know how to respond. That's like there are never politics in the office or at your company. The very idea that career bureaucrats and people in 3 letter agencies would not push back against politicians is absurd on its face. Its beyond naive. Often I find that people have their heads in the sand. They cover their ears because they do not want to accept that the world is more complex and dark that they were told in their government school.  I recommend everyone watch the BBC show "Yes Minister!". Its one of the best examples of how the establishment in a government work against the politicians. It also doesn't paint the politicians in a good light. But the biggest reason to watch this show is that is so funny. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/850633

@ 16d11430:61640947

In every town, in every home, there lies a force unseen but deeply felt. It does not bear a face or speak a word, yet its presence governs lives and decides destinies. This force, born of human invention, is the fiat monetary system. Like a shadow cast over the dinner table, it molds the lives of families in ways that few can name but all can feel. --- The Weight of a Dollar That Isn't Worth a Dollar Families, once the heart of a community, find themselves stretched thin under the weight of money that promises security but delivers uncertainty. Inflation, a quiet thief in the night, robs the hard-earned savings of parents who dream of brighter futures for their children. They sit at kitchen tables, bills spread like playing cards, and wonder how far their dollars will stretch this month. The dreams of vacations, college funds, or even a night out fade beneath the gnawing fear of rising prices and unpaid debts. Debt itself is a serpent, coiled tightly around many a household. It whispers promises of homes, cars, and comforts, but its grip tightens with each passing month. Fathers work longer hours; mothers take second jobs. The children, left to their own devices, grow up in homes where the light of connection dims under the weight of obligation. --- A House Divided by Numbers Fiat money divides more than just wealth; it divides hearts and homes. Generations, once bound by shared struggle and sacrifice, now find themselves at odds. Parents, raised on tales of hard work and thrift, watch their children struggle beneath mountains of student debt and stagnant wages. The younger generation looks at their elders with a mix of envy and resentment, wondering why the ladder to success seems shorter for them. This divide is not born of malice but of a system that values numbers over people. As communities grow wealthier in goods, they grow poorer in connection. Neighbors no longer gather on porches to share stories; families no longer sit down to meals together. The bonds that hold society together fray, one thread at a time. --- The Exodus of Hope In towns where opportunity dries up like a summer creek, young people leave, chasing dreams in distant cities. They promise to send money back home, but the miles between them and their kin grow longer with each passing year. Children grow up without grandparents; siblings become strangers. The family, once a stronghold, becomes a memory of what was and what could have been. This migration is not born of greed but necessity. The fiat system creates deserts where once there were gardens, forcing people to seek greener pastures. But in the pursuit of individual prosperity, the roots of community are pulled up, leaving behind only dust and longing. --- A Silent Burden on the Heart The fiat system does not shout; it whispers. It whispers to parents as they lie awake at night, counting the cost of a child’s education. It whispers to children who watch their parents argue over money. It whispers to the elderly who wonder if their pensions will last. This constant hum of worry and uncertainty wears on the spirit, making joy a fleeting visitor in many homes. The toll is not just financial but emotional. Anxiety becomes a constant companion; stress seeps into every corner of life. Families, once a refuge from the world, become battlegrounds where arguments over money take the place of laughter and love. --- A Glimpse of Light But even in the darkest corners, there is always a glimmer of hope. Some see a way out—a return to something simpler, something fairer. They dream of a world where money does not dictate worth, where families are not torn apart by financial strain, where communities are built on trust and shared purpose. This vision is not easy to grasp, but it grows stronger with each passing day. It is a reminder that no system, no matter how powerful, is greater than the human spirit. Families have weathered storms before, and they will again. Perhaps, one day, they will gather around tables not to divide burdens but to share dreams, free from the chains of a system that seeks to control them. --- Conclusion: A Call to Remember The fiat system may govern the world, but it does not define it. At the heart of every family lies something far more valuable than money—love, resilience, and the hope of a better tomorrow. In remembering this, perhaps we can find a way to break free from the invisible chain and rebuild the bonds that truly matter. For in the end, it is not wealth or power that sustains a family but the simple act of being together, unbroken by the weight of the world. And that, above all, is a treasure no system can take away.

@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b

Originalni tekst na [startit.rs](https://startit.rs/sve-sto-bi-trebalo-da-znate-o-bitkoinu/) ###### 29.12.2017 / Autor: Danilo Backović --- *Esej koji obrađuje konceptualne osnove Bitkoina, njegovu istorijsku ulogu i odnos sa klasičnim monetarnim sistemom.* ### Bitkoin, banke i suverenost individue *Kratak dijalog o dva monetarna sistema sveta napisan u čast petstogodišnjice kačenja Luterovih “95 teza” na vrata crkve Svih Svetih u Vitenbergu.* #### Šta je Bitkoin i ko je tu gazda uopšte? Niko. Niko od nas i svi mi zajedno. To je “samo” softver koji radi na računarima svih onih koji žele da se pridruže. Ni od koga ti ne treba dozvola. Ne postoji meta gde naciljati Tomahavk. Po svetu postoji toliko kopija ove računovodstvene knjige da ona može preživeti nuklearni udar (u žargonu se to zove “bubašvaba protokol”). Bitkoin se može preneti na računaru, mejlom, pismom, u glavi, u slici (steganografija), radio talasima… Jedna firma je čak platila lansiranje satelitskog repetitora koji pokriva Evropu, sever Afrike i dobar deo Azije namenjenog samo za prosleđivanje bitkoin transakcija. Korišćenje je besplatno. Ovakav softver se zove distribuiran, jer nema jedan ili više centara sa privilegovanim učesnicima. I Gutenbergova štamparska mašina je bila “samo” miks malo preciznog livenja, obrade drveta, poluge i tinte, začinjena *cutting-edge* telekomunikacionom tehnologijom tog doba — hartijom, ali ta otrovna kombinacija je promenila svet zauvek. Decentralizovala je pristup znanju i oslobodila najvažniju mrežu među ljudima od pisarskih centara moći — jezičku. **Bitkoin koristeći se novom Gutenbergovom mašinom — internetom, oslobađa drugu najvažniju mrežu među ljudima — novčanu, koja prenosi signal o vrednosti.** #### Ne razumem. Kako to radi samo od sebe? Soft skillovi su mrtvi, pripremi se na vreme za svet u kome caruje matematika. Doba disidenata pisaca, novinara, pesnika i glumaca je prošlo. Svako može da shvati, treba samo malo napora i želje. Sama srž ove tehnologije leži u zakonima brojeva. Koliko je koren iz 4? Dva? Sedi jedan. +/- 2 je tačan odgovor, jer parna stepena funkcija gubi informaciju o znaku. Koren je čudna funkcija. Problem kvadriranja dvojke, 2^2 ne možeš tek tako da rešiš unazad (inverzno). Možda sam ja krenuo od -2? Moraš da znaš neki dodatni uslov da bi izabrao pravu granu korena (pozitivnu ili negativnu), ili da probaš obe. Na kompjuteru ne bi mnogo potrajalo da zaista probaš obe grane. Ali! Postoji čitav jedan skup algoritama koji se zovu “kriptografske heš funkcije” (H). Pođimo od apsurdno velikog broja P (na primer od 55 cifara), stavimo ga u takav algoritam H i neka je rešenje broj J = H(P). Ovi algoritmi imaju čudesnu **osobinu ireverzibilnosti**. To znači da, imao li čak i najjači mogući sekvencijalni kompjuter, ne najjači postojeći, nego najjači koji termodinamika dozvoljava, u nameri da rešiš ovaj problem unazad, znajući J, a želeći da otkriješ P od koga smo krenuli ( P = H^-1(J) ) trebalo bi ti otprilike onoliko vremena koliko je Svemiru ostalo do njegove konačne termodinamičke smrti. Ovakav algoritam u bitkoinu ima dve ključne uloge: * On čuva tvoju imovinu od drugih, tako da svako može da pristupi toj računovodstvenoj knjizi (zamisli da banka dozvoli da svako pristupi njenoj bazi podataka), a da opet ne može da ti je uzme. Zato bitkoinu ne trebaju adresa, zaposleni, direktori, obezbeđenje i revizori. * On čuva tuđu imovinu od tebe jer te sprečava da falsifikuješ transakciju i probaš dva puta da potrošiš isti novčić, kroz genijalno Satošijevo otkriće dokaza o radu (proof of work ili Nakamoto konsenzus). Novčana mreža je primer tzv. Vizantijske mreže, u kojoj se učesnici ne smatraju kooperantima nego suparnicima. Nakamoto konsenzus je rešenje kako ta mreža dolazi do zaključka šta je istina, kolika je nečija imovina, bez da nekome mora da se preda poverenje da za nas vodi tu knjigu evidencije imovine! Sve do bloka postanja (genesis block) 3. januara 2009, morali smo da imamo računovođu (banka) kome predajemo poverenje da za nas vodi računovodstvenu knjigu. Ako on kaže prodavcu da ti imaš dinar kojim kupuješ robu, prodavac će mu verovati i robu će ti dati. Sada umesto poverenja imamo zakone brojeva. Bitkoin je jedna računovodstvena knjiga za celu planetu, agnostična na državne regulative i konačno, hvala Bogu, ne zahteva računovođu. Oci prosvetiteljstva su nam dali “Liberté, égalité, fraternité” i upozorili na vreme da je predstavnički sistem samo najmanje loša aproksimacija demokratije, zato je naš doprinos: Vires in numeris! #### Bojim se da mi i dalje ništa nije jasno. Većina nas seda u avion u nadi da će poleteti. Ne moraš znati dinamiku fluida da bi negde otputovao. Daleko je prostije biti korisnik bitkoina nego klijent banke. Za koju godinu koristićeš neki finansijski proizvod, a da ni ne znaš da u pozadini radi bitkoin. Ali ako želiš da saznaš trebaće ti ne više od par nedelja da shvatiš najvažnije tehničke detalje. Za matematičku suštinu malo više od toga, ali ne moraš ići toliko duboko. To je zato što je on slobodna, potpuno otvorena tehnologija. Reci mi, gde to čovek može da sazna kako funkcioniše naš trenutni monetarni sistem, ta “džungla konfuzije” (Kejns)? Akademija i dalje predaje neistinu, da se Sunce vrti oko Zemlje (da je depozit stariji od kredita). #### Kako to misliš: “Bitkoin oslobađa novac”? To je pravo pitanje i najvažnija poruka: Društvo je samo jedan veoma kompleksan graf. Svaki proces u društvu se može opisati učesnicima i njihovim vezama. Školovanje, vađenje pasoša, matičenje rođenih, venčanih, umrlih, katastar, uprava, carina, itd… Bez obzira na to što su neki procesi vrlo prosti, a neki beznadežno kompleksni, svi oni imaju jednu zajedničku osobinu da sačinjavaju hijerarhijski graf. To znači, da svaka od ovih procedura da bi funkcionisala ima u osnovi neku listu ili knjigu evidencije (ledger), a nad njom piramidu odgovornih ljudi sa pravom upisa u nju koji su pečatom, potpisom ili “ok” dugmetom garanti istine (da je diploma odbranjena, carina plaćena, da se imovina poseduje, da je dete rođeno, ugovor važeći itd…). Ti ljudi su predstavnici kojima predajemo poverenje. Sve do interneta ljudi nisu imali drugi izbor da se umrežavaju osim ovog hijerarhijskog — predstavničkog (sa izuzetkom primitivnih plemenskih mikrozajednica). U ovakvoj topologiji mreže postoji nezgodan fenomen koji se zove **korupcija**. To je zloupotreba mreže od strane nekog od predstavnika. I nije stvar mentaliteta nego je inherentni fenomen takve geometrije mreže. U svakom društvu postoje ubice koje se šetaju sa diplomatskim pasošima, mrtvi glasači, lažne diplome… Internet je prva horizontalna topologija umrežavanja ljudi u istoriji, a Bitkoin monetarni sistem koji koristi ovu osobinu interneta (peer-to-peer) kako bi izbacio posrednike iz novčane transakcije. To je, po dizajnu, necenzorabilan, transnacionalan, nehakabilan, u potpunosti definisan monetarni sistem koji ne zahteva predaju poverenja posrednicima da bi funkcionisao (trustless/no counterparty risk). U srcu sistema je nesvakidašnje otkriće **digitalne oskudnosti**. #### Gde je registrovan? Bitkoin nije pravno lice, nije forex kockanje, ni akcija na berzi. Bitkoin je algoritam. Kao Pitagorina teorema. Znanje koje se više ne može vratiti nazad u bocu, niti se ljudi mogu naterati da se od njega oduče. Bitkoin sa velikim “B” je protokol, to je nova vrsta baze podataka bez administratora, u kojoj svaki korisnik ima istu ulogu i koja ima token (žeton, unos u bazi, to je bitkoin sa malim “b”) koji može da menja vlasnika. Dinamika kreiranja tokena tokom vremena je regulisana protokolom, neizmenjiva od bilo kog korisnika i **njihova količina nakon završetka te emisije će biti 21 milion**. On je prvi programabilni novac. U transakciji se može implementirati i neka obligacija (ugovor), ne samo prosta razmena. #### Znači to su neki virtuelni žetoni upotrebljivi na internetu? “Virtuelni” je omiljeni pridev korporativnih medija. Nije virtuelna nego kriptovaluta jer ga kriptografija čini mogućim i daleko realnijom od depozitnog novca. Ovaj token nije obična informacija kao što je to mp3 fajl ili računovodstvena stavka na pasivi bilansa privatnog lica sa državnom licencom za depozitne poslove (banka). To je inertna informacija, jer joj treba minimum fizičkog rada (pod “fizički” se misli na veličinu u fizici) da bi nastala i pokrenula se. Kao zlato, samo bez mase. Naučili smo da ovaplotimo informaciju, napravimo od nje oskudnu tvar. I to je jedna divna istorijska simetrija. Moderna nauka — Galilejeva fizika je počela shvatanjem inertnosti materije, od toga da je pravolinijsko kretanje ravnomernom brzinom osnovno, ne kružno kao što su mislile tadašnje usijane akademske glave, zato što je ono enciklika na “savršenoj nebeskoj sferi”. Otuda i jeretička kovanica za “nebesku mehaniku” Johana Keplera. Otkriće i otimanje kriptografskih heš funkcija od države, zasluga Sajferpankera, modernih Pitagorejaca, i njihov religiozni odnos prema kriptografiji, doveo nas je do otkrića inertne informacije i to će otvoriti novu veliku stranicu istorije u kojoj je kriptografija osnov organizacije društva. Još uvek joj nismo dali ime, ali dobar kandidat je period omoćenja ili suverenosti individue. Jer se istorija ne ponavlja, ali se rimuje (enlightment — prosvetiteljstvo, empowerment — omoćenje). #### Ali ne smeju se tek tako dozvoliti te slobode, nastaće haos. Šta ako posluže za kupovinu droge i pranje novca? Anonimnost transakcije nije privilegija nego pravo koje treba braniti životom. Prva rečenica manifesta Sajferpank pokreta je: “Privatnost je neophodan uslov za otvoreno društvo informatičkog doba. Privatnost nije tajna. Privatna stvar je nešto što se ne želi podeliti sa celim svetom, tajna je nešto što se ne želi podeliti ni sa kim. **Privatnost je moć selektivnog otkrivanja sebe svetu**“. Svako ko se odriče prava na privatnost, jer “nema šta da krije” se ne razlikuje od onoga ko se odriče prava na slobodu govora jer “nema šta pametno da kaže” (Edvard Snouden). Ovog trenutka banka zna više o vama od vas samih. I to je posledica dizajna depozitnog novca. Dve najvažnije mreže među ljudima su jezička kojom serijalizujemo naše misli i novčana kojom prenosimo signal o vrednosti stvari oko nas. Svaki pokušaj ometanja ovih mreža treba da prepoznamo i sprečimo. Na vladama je da nađu načine da spreče protivzakonita ponašanja i oporezivanje bez diranja u anonimnost transakcije. #### Ali, neko mora da stoji iza toga. Čiji je taj Satoši Nakamoto? Irelevantno. “Iza toga” je samo otvoren i svima dostupan programski kod. Bitkoin je recept, ideja, algoritam. Nije pravno lice. Je li važno ko je zapravo bio Pitagora? Frensis Bekon? Vilijam Šekspir? #### Postao je preskup. Mogu da ga priušte još samo bogati. Novac sa dve decimale je samo istorijska posledica, verovatno nekada merne nepreciznosti kantara. Nije nikakav prirodni zakon da novac mora imati samo dve decimale. Bitkoin je deljiv na sto miliona delova. Možeš kupiti npr. hiljaditi deo bitkoina za 15 evra. Manje od 1% ljudi na planeti može imati više od jednog bitkoina, to je ogromna jedinica. #### I šta onda? Da čekam da poraste pa da prodam? Ne. Imaš priliku koju tvoji stari nisu imali. Da štediš u nečemu što ti nijedan diktator ne može obezvrediti, poreznik ili nasilnik oduzeti, bankarski službenik odbiti, proslediti. Svakim danom je sve jače i rasprostranjenije platežno sredstvo. Čekaj dok ne budemo razmenjivali delove bitkoina na lokalnom buvljaku. #### Ovakav rast nije normalan. Ovo je balon koji mora da pukne. Bitkoin je do sada imao 4 mehura. Prvi je bio jula 2010, kada je skočio sa $0.008 na $0.08. Drugi je bio “veliki mehur 2011.”, sa $0.06 na $31, da bi onda pao na $5. Treći je bio Aprila 2013, sa $20 na $280, kada su se kiparske banke spasavale pleneći klijentske depozite. Četvrti je bio velika kriza MtGox berze novembra 2013. kada je skočio sa $70 na $1200, pa nekoliko meseci kasnije pao na $200. Bitkoin je, naravno, i sada u balonu, koji se zove jedino slobodno neregulisano tržište na svetu. Višegodišnji trend rasta vrednosti bitkoina prati Metkalfeov zakon o vrednosti mreže. Ali na sitnijoj vremenskoj skali ta vrednost je vrlo volatilna, jer mreže rastu u naletima, a na svakom o njih se dešava borba straha i pohlepe i novo otkrivanje fer cene. Ne zaboravi samo Kejnsov investicioni savet: “Tržište može mnogo duže da ostane iracionalno nego ti solventan”. #### Države jednog trenutka više neće dozvoliti ovo igranje. Ovaj argument više svedoči o inferiornosti onoga ko ga izgovara nego o moći vlada. Evo spiska nekih državnih zabrana do sada: Hindu-Arapske cifre, štamparska mašina, slobodni izbori, podela vlasti, pruge, višespratnice, alkohol, saharoza, gramofon, zlato, homoseksualnost, marihuana, pornografija. Jedino što vlade i bankarski kartel mogu je da pokušaju moralno prokazivanje ideje u nadi da će većina od nas nasesti. TPPN! TPPN! (Terorizam, Pedofilija i naravno omiljeni opresivni zakon, naslednik Sokratovog kvarenja omladine, njegovo predikativno visočanstvo: pranje novca). Ali, bez većine nas to su samo zmajevi od papira. Ne zaboravi prvu lekciju renesansnog, prosvećenog čoveka: **ti nisi objekat nad kojim se vrši istorija, ti si subjekat koji je menja**. Kada je 2000. Lars Ulrih iz Metalike lio suze pred Senatskim odborom za svojom intelektualnom svojinom u slučaju Napster, jedan koder pozvan kao veštak je lepo upozorio vladu SAD-a: “Zabranite Napster i pojaviće se nešto mnogo strašnije”. Ugasili su ga. I još istog meseca dobili bittorent protokol, koji je danas između ostalog i neizostavan deo mašinerije Bitkoin protokola. Jer, kako je rekao Džon Gilmor, jedan od koderskih apostola i najuži krug sajferpankera: > Internet tretira cenzuru kao kvar i meandrira oko nje. ”Čitave armije ne mogu zaustaviti ideju kojoj je došlo vreme”. Pokušati zabraniti Bitkoin bilo bi kao pokušati zabraniti psovke ili izraz za obim kružnice. #### Priča se preko “virtuelnih” medija da je otkriće u stvari blockchain, a ne bitkoin? Nakon potrošenih ismevanja i pretnji, ovo je preostala slamka sofista. Potcenjivački i sa visine, treba da ostavi utisak da se to deca igraju dok ne ulete veliki. Ali, kako kaže jedna od zen rekontri Patrijarha Pavla: “Ne kaže On da čovek ne živi o hlebu, nego da ne živi samo o hlebu”. Blockchain je osnova, ali je samo telo, bez tokena je zombi. Bitkoin je sa razlogom jedna vrlo spora i neefikasna baza podataka. Imperativ dizajna je da mora ispunjavati uslov da je bez korisničkih uloga i administratora. Jednostruko povezana lista heševa izrudarenih blokova (blockchain) je jedini poznat način da ovaj uslov implementiramo u programskom kodu. Dakle on rešava jedan vrlo uzak i specifičan problem. **Svega smo spremni da se odreknemo da bi dobili osobinu da nema vlasnika.** Ako Dojče banka želi da napravi blockchain, on će po definiciji biti zatvoren, sa administratorom. Ta kreatura će ili imati bezvredan token pa nije opasnost Bitkoinu ili će biti zombi bez tokena, a onda je kupovina [Oracle](https://startit.rs/firme/oracle/) licence mnogo pametniji izbor. #### Bitkoin je deflatoran, niko neće hteti da ga troši. Kako onda može biti novac? Ako je nešto omiljena disciplina ekonomista, to je guranje višestrukih oprečnih značenja u isti pojam. Postoje dve vrste deflacije koje nisu ni nalik jedna drugoj. Prva je deflacija privatnog bankarskog depozitnog novca. Kada se ekonomija nađe u stanju prezaduženosti (privatni dug je ključan!) banke više ne pozajmljuju. Odluka o puštanju kredita je isključivo pravo poslovne politike svake banke. Ako one smatraju da više nema kreditno sposobnih, kreditiranje može imati oštar pad. Kako se prethodni krediti isplaćuju, novac nestaje iz ekonomije u momentu otplate rate, a nov kreditni novac se ne kreira. Ovo dovodi do rasta vrednosti preostalog novca onome ko ga ima u rukama, a nije zadužen. Ostatak ekonomije se grabi da nakrpi za ratu sa sve manje novca u opticaju, koji sada mora još brže da menja ruke da bi svi isplatili rate, što naglo dovodi do nenaplativih kredita, još manje kreditno sposobnih dužnika, pada ekonomske aktivnosti, zatvaranja firmi, nezaposlenosti, punih kafića i dnevnih žurki do konačnog raspada. Druga vrsta deflacije, ona Bitkoinova, je **nagrađivanje štediša, ne rasipnika, odlaganje potrošnje i inhibiranje fenomena namernog zastarevanja** (*artificial obsolescence*). Kada ograničeni novac obuhvati celu ekonomiju kao opna, vrednost njegove jedinice diše sa ukupnim izlazom cele ekonomije, raste kako ona raste i smanjuje se kako se ona kontrahuje. Bitkoin motiviše štednju ne potrošnju, dok je štednja toksični elemenat u sistemu privatnog bankarskog depozitnog novca, jer ga privremeno uklanja iz cirkulacije. Ovakva deflacija ne da nije štetna po društvo nego je poželjna. U poređenju sa ovim dinamika privatnog bankarskog novca je vožnja ili pod punim gasom ili kočenje iz sve snage. #### A šta ćemo sa bitkoin aristokratijom? Polovinu do sada izdatih bitkoina poseduje 1%? Analize distribucije vlasništva bitkoina su u najmanju ruku sumnjive. Ali bez obzira na njihovu istinitost one su irelevantne. Pitanje pravde je klizav teren za nekog iz sveta tvrdih veština, ali postoji jedna dinamička osobina monetarnog sistema koja čini da nije svaki jaz između bogatih i siromašnih isti. Kao prvo, ravnopravnost je jedna opasna kolektivistička zamka. Istinski evropski liberalizam i individualizam je nešto vrlo fino, tanano i nenametljivo. Nema testosteron i udobnost rulje desnice niti romantizam plejboja sa gitarom i Čeovom kapicom. Veliki statizmi 20. veka su imali svako etičko pravo da nastanu. Jedan iz horora fabričkih hala, a drugi iz horora rovova 1. svetskog rata. Ali istorija je pokazala da nisu rešenje. Zasnivanje društva na etičkoj i moralnoj aksiomatici je prošlost. Etika treba da bude posledica matematički pravilno dizajniranog monetarnog sistema. On je ključan za kanalisanje ljudske motivacije u pravom smeru. Iako nema ekosistema u prirodi u kome su sve jedinke iste, postoje situacije kada imovinski jaz postaje neprihvatljiv kao danas. To je kada u društvu nastanu ono što Nasim Taleb naziva “upijajuća stanja”. Od imovinskog jaza daleko je važnije da li za svakog od nas važe ista pravila. Ako svaki ekonomski akter bez obzira na njegov imovinski položaj mora da preuzme rizik od gubitka svaki put kada donosi neku investicionu odluku onda to čini društvo takvim da je moguć prolaz kroz stanja siromašan-bogat-siromašan. Takvo društvo nema upijajuća stanja. Ali ako jednom dostignut položaj bogatog čini da taj akter više ne preuzima nikakav rizik ma kako lošu odluku doneo, onda to društvo ima aristokratiju. Monetarni sistem zasnovan na oskudnom (ograničenom) novcu u kome su pravila zadata protokolom, a ne hijerarhijskim predstavničkim procesom ima jednaka pravila za sve po definiciji. Bitkoin bogataš nije isto što i venture kapitalista sa vezama u centralnoj banci koja vrši kvantitativna olakšavanja tako što kreira kroz privatnu banku depozite njegovom fondu za 0% kamate. Ako ovaj prvi napravi lošu procenu zauvek je izgubio svoje koine. Ovaj drugi može da priušti 100 miliona gubitaka na startape i da opet ima novih 100 miliona. #### U redu, vratimo se na ekonomiju. Uveo si pojam oskudnosti koji si dužan objasniti. Ali pre toga: zašto bi uopšte trebalo smatrati bitkoin vrednim? U samoj biti, pitanje vrednosti kao i lepote je misterija. Antropolozi i ekonomisti imaju neke maglovite ideje o tome kako među ljudima proliferiše saglasnost da je nešto vredno, ali su to sve ad hoc akademske mudrosti. U neverici gledaju kako im jedna gargantuantska mreža nastaje pred očima. Od nule, sama od sebe, bez arbitra iako je suparnička. Nešto što je do juče bilo predmet samo arheoloških iskopavanja. Fenomen koji se otima konvencionalnim akademskim objašnjenjima je već slomio dobar broj intelektualnih sujeta. Ovo pitanje je imalo smisla postaviti u januaru 2009. godine. Surova istina je da se danas više ne pitaš. Uskoro ćeš ih morati imati, jer će taj pored tebe tražiti da mu u njima platiš. > Kao što vrednost lopate dolazi od njene osobine da kopa, tako vrednost novca dolazi od toga koliko je dobro sredstvo razmene i čuvar vrednosti. - Karl Menger Za Bitkoinom vlada planetarni grabež. Ta potražnja postoji zbog njegovih jedinstvenih osobina koje nijedan novac pre njega nije imao. Bitkoin je: – Fungabilan: svaka jedinica novca isto vredi. Ne kao dijamant kod koga zavisi kako je brušen. – Durabilan: kao (inertna) informacija po prirodi je nepropadljiv. – Portabilan: može da promeni ruke anonimno iz jedne u bilo koju drugu tačku planete za 10 minuta. Ne kao depozitni novac koji ne voli da putuje vikendom i traži potpis bankarskog službenika. Portabilnost je Ahilova peta zlata, jer za razliku od Bitkoina ima masu. Zlato je uvek samo jedan korumpirani zakon daleko od konfiskacije. Ono jeste čuvar vrednosti, ali nije i transakcioni sistem kao Bitkoin. – Oskudan: ovo je ključna karakteristika pravog novca, jer čini da on bude čuvar vrednosti. Zlato može nastati samo u sudaru neutronskih zvezda i to je njegov garant oskudnosti, ali koliko zlata ima oko nas nije do kraja jasno. Još manje je jasno koliko ga ima na Mesecu na primer, koji će nam sutra biti na dohvat ruke. **Bitkoinova garancija oskudnosti je jača od zlata, jer proizilazi iz osobina brojeva — iz ireverzibilnosti kriptografskih heš funkcija.** – U potražnji: U odnosu na konvencionalan novac, Bitkoin i dalje pokriva mali deo ekonomije, ali mreža raste neverovatnom brzinom. Ne dozvolite da vas ekonomski eksperti ubeđuju kako je ovo najbolji od svih svetova. Ne nasedajte na moralno prokazivanje (TPPN!), anonimnost transakcije nije privilegija nego pravo koje se brani koliko i sloboda govora. Mislite svojom glavom. Napravite napor, obrazujte se o novcu. Izbor novca je politika, ne ekonomija. Od nas zavisi ishod. I na sve to još: pseudoniman, necenzorabilan, neoporeziv, programabilan, nemoguć za falsifikovati. On diže pojam lične svojine na novu skalu. A sa tim i slobodu. #### U redu, ali i dalje ne može biti novac jer ga ne priznaje država. Zar ne? Da bi čovek istinski mogao ceniti veličinu ideje Bitkoina, neophodno je razumeti mehaniku današnjeg novca, a ta materija je minsko polje oprečnih mišljenja, neočekivanih obrta i nedobronamerne obfuskacije pojmova. Slučajnost ili ne, ali upravo u deceniji bitkoina drmaju se temelji važeće akademske doktrine vezane za novac. Novac je mreža za prenos informacije o vrednosti jednog ekonomskog dobra u odnosu na sva ostala. Ali kao što elektromagnetno polje ima nosioca — foton i novac mora imati neki svoj reprezent. To je ono što se dobija u trenutku prodaje dobra. U zavisnosti od prirode tog tokena postoje dva moguća dizajna novca. U oba slučaja, suština je u našoj saglasnosti da ono što razmenjujemo smatramo vrednim, ali u prvoj vrsti novca ta vrednost dolazi iz prirode i nije opterećena nekom obligacijom, vrednost vadimo iz majke prirode (nešto je inherentno vredno). U drugoj vrsti novac je kvantifikovani socijalni odnos iza koga stoji neko obećanje koje nakon zaključivanja postaje transferabilno, a vrednost vadimo iz nas samih. Razlog zašto postoje dva pristupa u dizajnu novca je igra zbog koje nastaju i nestaju čitava društva — kredit. Kredit je transakcija rasparena u vremenu, gde se u zamenu za novac sada, ekonomsko dobro dobija kasnije. U trenutku razmene to dobro još ne postoji. Ne postoji potražnja za njim. Ali nakon njegovog kreiranja društvo ima jedno novo ekonomsko dobro koje (bi trebalo) da uveća egzistencijalno blagostanje svih nas. Naravno da u ovom idealnom slučaju govorim samo o produktivnom kreditu, ne o tvorevinama potrošačkog društva: dozvoljeni minus, kreditna kartica i potrošački kredit kojim samo dovlačiš tvoju buduću kupovnu moć u sadašnjost do bankrota. Neproduktivni krediti su jedan od toksičnih elemenata u ovom sistemu. U 1. vrsti novca nosilac je neka objektivna tvar koja bi po pravilu trebalo biti oskudna i van ljudskog domašaja stvaranja. Neki istorijski primeri su: retke školjke, so, pirinač, buseni duvana (“bucks”), čudni kameni stećci u obliku diska ostrva Jap, dabrove kože, zlato, srebro, bitkoin. Da, **bitkoin je 1. vrsta**! Oskudnost je ovde ključna osobina jer ona čini novac čuvarom vrednosti. Na primer, garant oskudnosti zlata je što nastaje samo u sudaru neutronskih zvezda. Garancija oskudnosti bitkoina je još jača, jer sledi iz osobina brojeva (ireverzibilnosti kriptografskih heš funkcija). Ekonomija zasnovana na ovakvom novcu se zove ekonomija razmene (barter economy), jer je za akciju razmene (transakciju) potrebno samo dva aktera i taj prirodni token. Ovakav novac ne poznaje fenomen inflacije, ali zato ima druge dve ozbiljne mane. Pristup kreditu je izuzetno težak, jer ne postoji niko ko može stvoriti ovakav novac. Ekonomija na njemu ne može da “gori”, može samo vrlo sporo da “tinja” (možda je to i bolji recept za ljudsku sreću?). Drugi problem je što novac može da isteče iz jedne zajednice, zbog nekog poremećaja, da li nagle demografske promene, neuravnoteženog uvoza i izvoza, rata i slično. Treba li zajednica da nestane? **Zajednica neće nestati nego će upravo iznedriti novac 2. vrste**. Ekonomija zasnovana na drugom tipu novca, koji je kvantifikovani socijalni odnos, zove se monetarna ekonomija. U njoj je svaka transakcija triangularna, tj. potrebne su tri strane za razmenu: kupac, prodavac i poseban agent u ekonomiji koji izdaje ta cirkulirajuća obećanja. Taj specijalni akter nije država, nego privatna banka. Pogađaš, ovde je pristup kreditu lak, jer je novac po definiciji neograničen. Ali da bi neoskudan novac mogao biti čuvar vrednosti, mora postojati proces kojim se on uklanja iz ekonomije. Ako taj proces zakaže, nastaje fenomen inflacije — najrazornije sile koja kida sve niti društva. Zapravo u takvoj ekonomiji sav novac je dug. Odatle ona engleska poslovica: “Zlato je novac kraljeva, srebro gospode, a dug robova”. **Šta ti se sada čini virtuelnije, lova koju imaš na računu banke ili kripto(!)valuta Bitkoin?** #### Molim?! Da, nije lako progutati ovu pilulu. Zaboravi na prvu asocijaciju da je novac keš koji štampa državni trezor. Prvo to je netačno, drugo, keš je zanemarljiv deo ekonomije (3.5% u Srbiji) i irelevantan. Zaboravi na to da banka navodno deli kredite tako što prvo uzme depozit od klijenta. Ništa nije dalje od istine. Pravo je čudo da igra koja upravlja motivacijom celog ljudskog roda, **dvostruko knjigovodstvo**, nije predmet opšteg obrazovanja. Depozit je banci pasiva, a kredit je banci aktiva. To su suprotne strane bilansa! Depozit nikada ne može postati kredit. Novac koji sve ekonomije sveta (izuzeci: Severna Koreja, Iran, Sirija, do nedavno Irak i Libija) koriste je tzv. depozitni novac, tj. pasiva privatnog pravnog lica (banke) koje ima državnu monopolsku licencu za obavljanje depozitnih poslova. Država ne reguliše ko kako sme da pozajmljuje. Ali zato opasno reguliše ko sme da ima računovodstvenu kategoriju depozita na svom bilansu. Ako se dogodi pozajmica između bilo koja dva ne-banka aktera u ekonomiji, taj dug je samo između njih, on je bilateralan. Ali, kada banka pozajmi, onda je taj dug, to obećanje, multilateralno. Ono počinje da kruži po ekonomiji kao imovina nas ostalih. Novac nastaje u trenutku puštanja kredita kada se dužnik obavezuje poveriocu (banci) da će ga vratiti. Tada banka, prostom računarskom SQL instrukcijom INSERT INTO, bez ikakvog drugog ograničenja osim sopstvene procene o kreditnoj sposobnosti dužnika, upiše u bazu podataka, svoju računovodstvenu knjigu, na strani pasive nov nikad ranije postojeći depozit u ekonomiji u visini iznosa kredita. Dakle, **ono što je nama imovina, privatnoj banci je obaveza**. I to ne samo pri puštanju kredita, nego i pri deljenju plata, bonusa i investiranju za svoje potrebe (hartije od vrednosti, nekretnine, kancelarijsku opremu, softver itd…) banka stvara novac. Jer, ono što je svakom ne-banka akteru u ekonomiji novac, banci je obaveza. Sa tom razlikom što ako ga stvara za svoje potrebe, mora u krajnjem rezultatu da umanji svoj kapital za taj iznos. Kredit je stariji od depozita. Sramota je da je to znao engleski zakonodavac još 1727. kada je pisao zakon o falsifikovanju, a profesori ekonomije se i dan danas prave ludi da se Sunce vrti oko Zemlje, ne obrnuto. Ekonomija ne koristi državni, nego privatni novac. Preciznije onaj deo ekonomije koga činimo mi fizička, pravna lica ne-banke i javne ustanove države. Ni u jednom zakonu se eksplicitno ne tvrdi da privatna banka kreira novac, niti da se to dešava u momentu puštanja kredita. Ovaj proces je sporedni efekat, od države priznatih, međunarodnih računovodstvenih standarda koje donosi privatna nadnacionalna fondacija IFRS. Da bi ovakav neoskudan novac mogao biti čuvar vrednosti, kada se obećanje ispuni, tj. ekonomsko dobro za koje je (produktivni) kredit uzet proizvede, novac koji je dat treba da bude uklonjen iz ekonomije. I zaista u trenutku plaćanja svake rate, banka na svom bilansu, sa desne strane obaveza, umanji depozit, a sa leve strane umanji preostali iznos duga dužnika. #### Čekaj malo… A kamata? Nju ne spominješ? U ovom grmu leži zec, ali ne onako kako to misle pesnici. Nije Gospod Hristos izlomio tezge ispred hrama zbog kamate. Kamata je cena za koju je izdavač tih obećanja spreman da preuzme rizik da mu dužnik ne vrati obećano. Da, u trenutku stvaranja depozitnog novca (kredita) kamata nije stvorena. Zato je ukupan dug u ekonomiji uvek veći od ukupne količine novca u opticaju i sistem se ne može zatvoriti. Ali, zabluda koja kruži okolo je da je to razlog što ovakav sistem proizvodi novac (dug) eksponencijalno: da bi se, navodno, isplatili prethodni krediti koji vuku i kamatu za sobom. Ne, to nije tačno. Zabluda dolazi od nerazumevanja mernih jedinica. Iznos kredita je kao koordinata (RSD), a kamata je brzina (RSD/god). To su različite veličine (stock and flow of money). U teoriji, mogli bi se svi krediti (različitog tenora) isplatiti i sa jednim jedinim dinarom ako bi on dovoljnom brzinom menjao ruke. Problem leži u tome šta banka naknadno uradi sa primanjima od kamate, jer samo je iznos kredita potrebno ukloniti iz ekonomije, kamatu ne. Nju bi banka trebalo u celosti da vrati u kruženje. Ali to ne radi, jer želi da obogaćuje svoje akcionare, a i regulativa (vrlo zgodna koincidencija) zahteva da uvećava svoj kapital. I to na našu žalost, na duže staze radi eksponencijalno. I niko to ne može da joj zabrani. #### Dobro, pa na šta se to onda misli kada se spomene novac u zakonima? Dinar je samo oznaka za jedinicu mere, kao kilogram ili sekund. Postoje dve različite tvari koje se mere tom istom jedinicom i obe su novac 2. vrste, tj. transferabilna obećanja, ali su različite tvari kao drvo i metal. Rekli smo da je u monetarnoj ekonomiji svaka transakcija triangularna. Potrebna su dva ne-banka ekonomska aktera i banka, akteri razmenjuju stavke na pasivi privatne banke, koje ona proizvodi jer samo ona ima računovodstvenu kategoriju depozita. A šta ako u ekonomiji postoji više od jedne banke? Tada mora postojati još jedan krug drugačijeg novca. U njemu su privatne banke ekonomski akteri, a nad-banka ili centralna banka je proizvođač obećanja. I taj novac je depozitni novac, tj. kružeće obećanje, ali je pasiva centralne banke, njena obaveza ka privatnim bankama. Zove se rezerva. Dakle, u ekonomiji sa više banaka uvek postoji **hijerarhija novca**. Depozitni novac privatnih banaka je naša imovina, a njihova obaveza; depozitni novac centralne banke je privatnim bankama imovina, a centralnoj banci obaveza. Rezerve kruže samo u računovodstvenoj knjizi centralne banke, čiji klijenti mogu biti samo banke i državni trezor i ta tvar iako merena u dinarima, nema kupovnu moć, nego mora da se pretvori u depozitni novac privatne banke na računu nekog ne-banka aktera u ekonomiji da bi nešto kupio. Kada god država spomene reč novac u zakonima implicitno se misli uvek i samo na rezerve ili njihov materijalni ekvivalent: keš i kovanice. To zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja (legal tender) uopšte nije novac koji koristi ostatak ekonomije izuzev banaka. Vlada to zna i opet nije gadljiva na privatni depozitni novac. Svaki put kada uplatiš porez, taj novac privremeno(!) nestaje iz ekonomije, jer se iz depozitnog novca privatne banke pretvori u rezerve na računu trezora kod centralne banke. Pojaviće se opet kada ga trezor prosledi nekoj državnoj ustanovi da ga potroši, opet kroz privatnu banku. Evropska društva su imala vrlo gorka iskustva sa štampanjem novca od strane vlada. SAD upravo obrnuto. To društvo je cvetalo kad god je imalo državni novac, a ubija ga jedna centralna banka. Današnji novac je zato jedna čudna istorijska tvorevina potrebe, pohlepe i polupromišljenosti slobodnog tržišta, koji nastaje van suverena (dakle nije fiat, iako svi koristimo taj žargon) obostranim dobrovoljnim pristankom dužnika i privatne banke u procesu kreditiranja, a nestaje otplatom tog kredita. U krugu rezervi, izuzetno brzo struji zanemarljivo mala količina jednog novca bez kupovne moći i služi da se dve privatne banke poravnaju svaki put kada neki od depozita u njima preleće iz jedne u drugu. Rezerve su ono jedino do čega je jednoj privatnoj banci stalo. Te žetone ona ne može da proizvede ad infinitum, jer su žetoni centralne banke. I naravno stalo joj je, da joj vratiš dug, inače će doći po svoju funtu živog mesa (za to plaća licencu vladi). Samo, bez žetona centralne banke se može ostati preko noći, a gomila nenaplativih kredita na bilansu se mogu poturati pod tepih jako dugo. Sve dok neko ne vikne da je car go. Svakoga ko ovo jednom razume, ne može a da ne zaboli stomak na sofizam da kriptovaluta ne može imati vrednost, jer nije potkrepljena državom. #### Spomenuo si “fiat”. Šta uopšte znači ta reč? Fiat lux (neka bude svetlo)! Neutoljiva glad svakog vladara da uzme prerogativ bogova i stvori ni iz čega nešto. Ovaj fenomen je najbolje shvatiti na primeru. Dinar, funta, dolar… Sve su to nekada davno bile jedinice za merenje težine srebra ili zlata. Zamisli da imaš teg težine 100 dinara, terazije i prodaješ maline. Kupac se pojavi sa par grumenja zlata i želi maline u vrednosti od 100 dinara. Maline ćeš dati za onoliko grumenja koliko terazije pokažu da teže 100 dinara. Nevažno kog oblika je grumen i ima li na sebi neku facu, dokle god je pravo nesečeno zlato. Međutim, niotkuda, pojavi se ekipa do te mere nasilna i organizovana da skalira svoje nasilje do nivoa države. Odmah donese zakon da svaki grumen težine 1 dinar mora da bude u obliku novčića. Sa jedne strane mora biti otisnut lik glavonje, a sa druge da piše 1 dinar, tako da više nisu potrebne terazije da provere da novčić zaista teži 1 dinar pri razmeni. Nakon izvesnog vremena lokalna ekipa nasilnika se zakači sa susjedima i treba im zlata za vojsku plaćenika. Ali zlato je oskudno, ne može da se napravi. Međutim glavonja ima ideju. **Otisnuće rupu u sredini novčića ili će mu okrznuti krajeve ili će pomešati zlato i bakar, a ostaviti na njemu i dalje oznaku 1 dinar.** **To je fiat**. Tačnije: fiat denarii! Rasparivanje jedinice mere od deklarisane vrednosti (face value). Glavonja je sebi stvorio kupovnu moć prividno ni iz čega. Za manje od 1 dinara zlata može da kupi robu i usluge u ekonomiji od 1 dinara. U stvari, ovo je samo iluzija. Surova istina je da je oteo po malo imovine od svih ostalih, jer jedna jedinica novca sada svakome vredi manje. Ovakva igra bez izuzetka uvek završi na nuli. Naglo i nasilno. Rimsko carstvo je udžbenički primer. **Termin fiat je danas žargon za svaki novac koji nije kriptovaluta što je u osnovi greška, jer izuzev kovanica, novac već dugo vremena nije fiat.** Jedino što suveren i dalje pravi su kovanice i prodaje ih centralnoj banci. Ako ga izrada kovanice od 1 dinar košta 5 para, a centralna banka je kupi tako što trezoru uveća depozit rezervi za 1 dinar, suveren je ni iz čega stvorio 95 para (senioraža). Kovanice su istorijski reziduum fiata. Suveren je sveo sebe na sramotni sitniš. #### Hmm… Mora li ovo ovako? Sve ovo počinje da mi izgleda kao jedno veliko zamešateljstvo dvostrukog knjigovodstva? Pravo u metu, dragi moj Sagredo. Pravo u metu. Venecija 1494. Alkoholizam, prejedanje, sifilis i pussy galore. Sa izuzetkom organske ishrane, nesečene robe i lajf-koučeva to je kudikamo opis finansijske metropole i danas. Armija perverzno bogatih snobova sa previše slobodnog vremena, humus za umetnost, nauku i startape. Knjiga je koštala kao skuplji laptop i bila omiljeni statusni simbol. Naročito ako je velika i debela poput Paćolijeve enciklopedije matematike. Hindu-Arapske cifre su još uvek bile sporne, jer je: “svaki dobri Hrišćanin morao biti prezriv prema matematici” (Sv. Avgustin), a štamparska mašina tek nedavno unapređena da može otiskivati crteže. Dvostruko knjigovodstvo je samo 9. poglavlje tog renesansnog remek dela Fra Luke Paćolija iz koga je i Leonardo naučio perspektivu. U školi tom otkriću, pleksusu današnjeg sveta, ne pridaju ni blizu značaj koji mu pripada. Uči se da je njegova poenta korekcija greške, a **dvostruko knjigovodstvo je u stvari izvorni blockchain.** Svako dobro koje menja vlasnika, ta transakcija, ostaje zabeležena na 2 mesta, jednom akteru na izlazu (pasivi), a drugome na njegovom ulazu (aktivi) na taj način povezujući celu ekonomiju u jedan tok i omogućavajući reviziju i arbitražu. Bez tog mehanizma današnji novac i kapitalizam je nemoguć. Možda najbolja definicija kapitalističke ekonomije je: “Money is nothing, that you get for something, before doing anything”. Novac je ni od čega, koje dobiješ samo ako založiš nešto, pre nego što možeš da napraviš bilo šta. Ne zaboravi, makroekonomija su finansije, finansije računovodstvo, a računovodstvo pravo. Tamno srce sveta leži u definicijama računovodstvenih kategorija. Zabluda je misliti da je svet zao i beznadežan jer korporacije imaju samo jedan cilj — da uvećaju profit. Naprotiv to je racionalno ponašanje. Ali mi smo ti koji definišemo šta je to profit! McDonalds je izuzetno profitabilan, zato što prebacuje dijabetes kao trošak na bilans društva. Monsato takođe, jer ekocid nije definisana računovodstvena kategorija troška, nego je “eksternalizacija”. Sve je u zakonima. #### Znači kao što neka firma ode u banku po kredit, tako i država dobije kredit od centralne banke? Ne. Država je jedini klijent centralne banke koji je to sam sebi zabranio. Tačno je, i za krug rezervi (depozitnog novca centralne banke) važi isto pravilo kao i kod depozitnog novca privatne banke. Centralna banka pogoni isti softver kao i privatna. Rezerva nastaje kada centralna banka pusti kredit. Njeni klijenti, privatne banke mogu dobiti kredit sa ili bez obezbeđenja. U tom krugu jako brzo kruži vrlo mala količina novca u poređenju sa novcem ostatka ekonomije. Ti krediti su obično vrlo kratkog tenora. Takođe još češći je slučaj da banke međusobno jedne drugima bilateralno pozajmljuju već postojeće rezerve (money markets). Upravo se u ovom reaktoru dogodila kriza 2008. Banke su trgovale egzotičnim finansijskim hartijama do te mere da su se jednog trenutka našle kao rogovi u vreći. Nikome nije bilo jasno ko je solventan, a ko više nije zbog ogromnih gubitaka na tim hartijama i međusobno pozajmljivanje rezervi je praktično stalo. Od tada sistem rapidno gubi kontakt sa zdravim razumom, a centralne banke eksponencijalno kreiraju nove rezerve da bi vratile te leševe u solventno stanje. Kao obezbeđenje za te kreirane depozite rezervi bankama uzimaju akcije Pepsija, Koka Kole, Fejsbuka, toksične finansijske derivate i trilione korporativnih obveznica sa negativnom kamatnom stopom. Ne zaboravi **rezerve nemaju kupovnu moć**! Da bi centralna banka kupila nečiju akciju u tom procesu “kvantitativnog olakšavanja” (nad našom imovinom) ona mora naložiti privatnoj banci da za taj iznos uveća nečiji depozit i tako se kreira nov novac u našem krugu ekonomije van standardnog kanala kreiranja uzimanjem kredita od privatne banke. Posledica toga je razarajući jaz u bogatstvu koji danas postoji u svetu. Od 2008. više niko nije za volanom. U svakom slučaju, jedini klijent centralne banke koji ne može da se direktno zaduži je državni trezor. Suveren je samog sebe tako ograničio. Ako želi da potroši neki novac, na plate, vrtiće ili puteve, on mora da se dokopa već postojećeg depozitnog novca privatnih banaka jer je samo to novac sa kupovnom moći. I za to ima dva načina. Može da odštampa obveznicu. Kada nađe kupca, privatna banka tada smanji depozit kupcu za iznos vrednosti obveznice, a isti iznos rezervi prebaci trezoru na njegov depozit u centralnoj banci. Drugi način je da ubira porez. Tada banka umanji depozit onome ko porez plaća, a onda, kao u prethodnom slučaju, za isti iznos se uveća rezerva državnom trezoru u knjizi centralne banke. Kada želi da potroši taj novac, trezor prosledi rezerve i instrukciju privatnoj banci koja onda uveća depozit javne institucije kojoj se prosleđuje novac. I u jednom i u drugom slučaju nije bilo stvaranja novog novca, nego samo promena vlasništva već postojeće količine privatnog depozitnog novca u ekonomiji. To čini oporezivanje mehanizmom redistribucije vlasništva, koje bi u teoriji trebalo ići u korist manje bogatih. Polako ulazi u modu i treći način da suveren uzme kredit kod privatne banke kao bilo ko drugi od nas. Kao vrhunac poniženja suverena, ovo je i dalje retkost i dovodi do povećanja privatnog depozitnog novca u opticaju jer banka pušta nov kredit. Ali, nezahvalno je tražiti opšte stavove u načinu finansiranja država. Na primer, Velika Britanija se dugo oslanjala na dozvoljeni minus kod svoje centralne banke. EU regulativa joj je to zabranila. Ona je poštovala taj zakon, dok joj je to odgovaralo, ali kada je 2008. udarila kriza, ona je opet uvela taj mehanizam ne obazirući se ni trenutka na zakon. UK sme, a Srbija ne sme. I? Šta ćeš sad? #### Pa zašto Srbija ne dozvoli sebi dozvoljeni minus, kada je centralna banka i ovako narodna? Zaista neke centralne banke su privatne, neke nisu. Jedine centralne banke koje su važne su i privatne: FED, BOE, BOJ, ECB, SNB. Ali, još jedna uvrežena zabluda je da je upravo to ključni bag u sistemu. Nije. Većina profita centralne banke koji dolazi od držanja državnih dugovnih hartija, bez obzira na to ko joj je vlasnik, a država uvek ima udeo u upravljanju i postavljanju izvršnih funkcija, i ovako biva vraćena državi. U svetu se vodi jedna vrlo nepravedna utakmica između nacija, jer većina njih mora da živi od poreza, a upravo najmoćniji imaju trikove da to u nekoj meri izbegnu. To se zove monetarna suverenost i prerogativ je samo najmoćnijih društava. U suštini ne više od 5. SAD, Velika Britanija, Kina, Japan i Švajcarska. Naravno da sve države tu “muvaju” i ko zna kakva korisnička prava imaju u sistemu centralne banke, ne zaboravi da su to sve hijerarhijski procesi koji su inherentno koruptivni. Za razliku od bitkoina, konvencionalni monetarni sistem ni jednog trenutka nije do kraja definisan. Prerogativ monetarne suverenosti je daleko teže dobiti od teritorijalne. Za teritorijalnu ti trebaju moćna leđa i naoružane face na granici. Za monetarnu moraš da budeš potreban svetu. Samo tada se tvoj žeton koga pravi centralna banka traži. Tek sa tim dolaze trikovi dolaženja do novca van oporezivanja. Dozvoljeni minus Britanskog trezora zaista znači da država ima udeo u kreiranju novca. Uveća sebi iznos rezervi, a onda ih prebaci na račun neke privatne banke i naloži joj da uveća depozit neke javne ustanove u u njoj. I voilà, nov privatni kreditni novac je kreiran u ekonomiji bez puštanja kredita. #### Dobro, ali zar nisi jednog trenutka tvrdio je ovo bolji sistem od novca 1. vrste u koji spada i bitkoin? Kružeća obećanja se ne mogu iskoreniti. Društvo će uvek spontano iznedriti kreditni novac na manje ili više sofisticiran način čim oseti potrebu ili pretnju. Na zlatu se rat može samo izgubiti. Lako dostupan kredit omogućava da društvo raste kada i koliko ono želi. Ceo mehanizam, uključujući i tu osobinu da je vremenom izolovao vlade od čina kreiranja novca ima smisao koliko i vrlo pametna istorijska izolacija crkve. Ali kao nekada državne fiat valute i ovaj privatni kreditni novac uporno iznova propada. Bitkoin, novac 1. vrste, je čamac za spasavanje u takvim kobnim vremenima. Sa njim rasparuješ svoju sudbinu od sudbine kreditnog novca u raspadu. > Ne postoji način da se izbegne konačni kolaps izazvan kreditnom ekspanzijom. Alternativa je jedino da li će kriza doći brže usled dobrovoljnog odustanka od dalje ekspanzije kredita ili kasnije kao konačna katastrofa valute u kojoj je izražen. - Ludvig fon Mizes Sa ovom promisli iz “Teorije novca i kredita” treba da počne svaki kurs iz makroekonomije. Dinamika kreditnog novca, ne biva u konačnom ciklusu, nego prevodi sistem iz jedne fiksne tačke nezaduženosti u drugu totalne prezaduženosti nakon koga je neophodan reset u vidu deflatornog (“…dobrovoljni odustanak…”) ili inflatornog (“…konačna katastrofa…”) kraha. Nesporna eksperimentalna činjenica, na podacima UK i SAD za poslednjih 120 godina je da ovaj sistem nema kočnice. On mahnito kreira novac (kredite), a onda naglo staje. Na duži period količina novca u opticaju raste eksponencijalno i njegova uloga čuvara vrednosti se raspada. Stotine kreditnih kriza u svetu samo od “privremene” vladine uredbe Ričarda Niksona, tj. ukidanja monetarne funkcije zlata 1971. i gubitak vrednosti rezervne svetske valute dolara za 92% od 1913. su činjenice. Još jedna nesporna eksperimentalna činjenica, na primeru SAD, je da ekonomija takođe raste eksponencijalno od 1650. godine, sa prosečnim rastom od 2.9%. Ključno pitanje je: da li monetarni sistem nameće eksponencijalni rast ekonomije, ili je obrnuto, ekonomija nameće eksponencijalni rast kredita, tj. depozita u opticaju? Ako je tačno ovo prvo, onda je sistem disfunkcionalan i ne radi kako je zamišljen, jer umesto da servisira ekonomiju, ona servisira njega. Ako eksponencijalni rast ekonomije nije održiv, onda ovakav monetarni sistem uopšte nije moguć. Centralna banka troši ogromnu energiju na privid kako je za volanom kreditne ekspanzije. Tu bajku zove “transmisioni mehanizam”. Dajdžest ove dogme se može naći i u doktorskoj disertaciji Jorgovanke Tabaković (nije šala). Da si prišao jednom centralnom bankaru pre 1980. i rekao mu da se količina privatnog depozitnog novca u ekonomiji može kontrolisati kamatnom stopom na rezerve centralne banke koje ona kreira u procesu kreditiranja banaka, smejao bi ti se u lice. Danas ako mu tvrdiš da se to može postići regulacijom minimuma obaveznih rezervi, kao što se to radilo do 1980, opet će ti se smejati u lice. U stvari, istina je da je centralna banka samo običan refinansijer, kliring kuća privatnih banaka. Jedino što centralna banka može je da utiče na cenu (kamatu) i količinu depozita koje ona stvara. Te rezerve ne samo da nisu u dodiru sa spoljnom ekonomijom nego ih ima mizerno malo u odnosu na kreditni novac privatnih banaka. Uspeh centralne banke u obuzdavanju količine kreditnog novca privatnih banaka u opticaju je jedna tužna nula kroz celu njihovu istoriju. Privatne banke sa druge strane vrlo brižljivo iznutra gaje kulturu privida kako strašna centralna banka zadaje pravila igre. Regulativa kojoj se podređuju privatne banke u ograničavanju emisije depozita usvaja i nadgleda centralna banka, tačno, ali kao i u slučaju računovodstvenih standarda i ovo je međunarodni standard. Naravno, došao iz kuhinje nadnacionalne privatne institucije registrovane kao banka i u vlasništvu najvećih privatnih banaka zvane BIS — arhitektonske alegorije Vavilonske kule, smeštene u miru Švajcarskog gradića Bazela poznatog po najvećem broju bordela po glavi stanovnika. Srpski guverner tamo dolazi jednom u dva meseca na kratki poslovni ručak, a onda bude ispraćen kući. Nakon ručka, 5 najjačih privatnih računovodstvenih knjiga sveta se povlače na zatvoreni sastanak. Autoregulativa se svodi na vrlo konvoluirani matematički postupak klasifikacije i stohastičke simulacije prepun magičnih cifara na presudnim mestima, da bi se emitovanje depozita (kreditiranje) ograničilo količinom kapitala banke. Njen sporedni efekat je upravljanje rizicima (od insolvencije i nelikvidnosti), važnija agenda je da sve privatne banke koriste iste kriterijume procene rizika kako bi se postigao efekat da se ceo sektor ekspandira i kontrahuje kao jedan. Zašto? Jer to privatnim bankama garantuje minimalno korišćenje rezervi centralne banke, žetona koje one ne mogu da proizvedu. Dakle, ako banka želi da emituje više depozita (kredita) mora da poveća svoj kapital. A to može da uradi na sledeće načine: – Dokapitalizacijom: emitovanjem još akcija, ovo smanjuje procenat vlasništva koje nosi jedna akcija, što ugrožava postojeće vlasnike (dilution). – Smanji aktivu: proda nekretnine, opremu u vlasništvu ili podeli otkaze. – Napravi kratku pozajmicu od centralne banke (repo) samo za ovu potrebu (trik se zove “window dressing” i banke ga obavljaju na kraju računovodstvenog perioda da ulepšaju bilans) – Emituje svoje korporativne obveznice za prodaju. Ova akcija uklanja novac iz ekonomije na određeno vreme trajanja obveznice. – Ne potroši profit i ne isplati dividende. Ova akcija, reklasifikacije profita na stavku “retained earnings” uklanja novac iz ekonomije na neodređeno vreme. Dakle, postoji vrlo važna razlika kada banka uveća kapital i kada bilo koji drugi ekonomski akter ne-banka uveća kapital. U slučaju banke to uklanja novac iz kruženja na neodređeno vreme, sve dok banka ne odluči da ga potroši na sebe. Ali što više kredita želi da emituje, to više novca mora tu da stoji nepotrošeno. Ovakva akcija obogaćuje postojeće akcionare. Ne zaboravi, u idealnom slučaju trebalo bi da postoji samo jedan mehanizam za nestajanje kreditnog novca iz kruženja: otplata (produktivnog) kredita. Svaki drugi je za sistem toksičan: štednja (koja ga uklanja na kratak period), kolaps banke koji briše ceo bilans i uvećanje bankinog kapitala. Veza eksponencijalnog rasta ekonomije i novca u opticaju nije jasna. Ali akcija povlačenja novca iz opticaja poreklom od dobiti od kamate na kapital banke je dokazano jedan faktor koji izaziva obaveznost rasta. #### Recimo da monetarni sistem kreditnog novca zaista zahteva večni eksponencijalni rast da se ne raspadne. Zašto ne bismo mogli večno tako da rastemo? Jer postoje nepotkupljivi zakoni, oni od majke prirode. Jedan od njih, koji nam sreću kvari, je Štefan-Bolcmanov, a onaj najgori, zbog koga nikada nećemo postati bogovi je II zakon termodinamike. Kakvu god mašinu napravio, njen krajnji rezultat osim korisnog rada mora biti i nešto toplote. A naš svemirski brod koji nam daje život — Zemlja ima samo jedan način da oslobodi tu toplotu u okolni vakuum svemira — zračenjem. Štefan-Bolcman nam onda govori, kolika mora biti njena temperatura, ako se mora osloboditi izvesne količine toplote. Danas oslobađamo oko 12TW toplote. Ako nastavimo da rastemo eksponencijalno istim tempom kao poslednjih 300 godina, oko 2400. godine prosečna temperatura na Zemlji mora biti 100 stepeni celzijusa. Apsurd. Ova analiza nema nikakve veze sa efektom staklene bašte i problematikom klime i ugljen-dioksida, Štefan-Bolcman je do te mere kristalno jasan, da sa loncem poznatih dimenzija, nešto vode, termometrom i štopericom možeš izmeriti temperaturu na površini Sunca. I to je školski zadatak. Dakle, ako monetarni sistem zaista zahteva eksponencijalni rast ekonomije da bi postojao u ovoj formi, onda tvrdim sledeće: šta će biti sa dolarom 2020. ne znam, ali ono što znam sa apsolutnom sigurnošću je da već 2150. njega ovakvog neće biti, jer je termodinamička nemogućnost. #### Zašto onda države ne bi napravile svoje kriptovalute? Zar time ne bi i Bitkoin postao suvišan? To je jedna stvar koju država sigurno neće nikad uraditi. Razmisli šta to znači za novčani poredak? Temelj monetarne ekonomije je da banka kreira novac u činu puštanja kredita. Ako centralna banka napravi kriptovalutu, vraćamo se u stanje fiat valute, tj. državnog novca i barter ekonomije, jer banke postaju samo medijatori, a depozitni novac centralne banke (sada rezerve) bi postale jedino sredstvo plaćanja sa kupovnom moći. Sa druge strane, Bitkoin ne bi ni osetio ovaj potez, jer njegov status najvećeg lanca otvorenog pristupa bez administratora ne bi bio izazvan jednom običnom zatvorenom bazom sa kontrolom pristupa i vladinim sisadminom. Svaki kripto maksimalista bi trebao da priželjkuje ovako glup potez vlada. Tehnologija kriptovalute je istinski šah-mat vladajućoj ekonomskoj dogmi. #### Po ovome onda ne vidim da imamo izbora? Ili imamo bezdugovni novac i sporu ekonomiju razmene sa teško izvodljivim kreditiranjem ili imamo sofisticiranu monetarnu ekonomiju koja mora imati banku za triangularnu transakciju i u njoj uvek nekog ko odlučuje kome i kada pustiti kredit, tj. stvoriti novac. I da igramo tu igru dok ne spržimo Zemlju? Treća opcija je da se svi mi izmenimo, počnemo da meditiramo i da raširimo kosmičku duhovnost tako da svaki od nas poput anđela može da čini samo dobro. Onda je svejedno kakav monetarni sistem imamo. Razočaravajuće je koliki broj ljudi i dalje misli da se tako gradi društvo. Problem nije trivijalan, ali pre Gutenberga, dok su pisari bili centri kontrole pismenosti, mislili smo da je svet ravan i star 6000 godina, a žena nastala od muškog rebra. Nakon što smo oslobodili jezičku mrežu otkrili su nam se večni zakoni prirode zapisani jezikom matematike, kojima je i Tvorac odlučio da se povinuje. Nekada smo decenijama plaćali harač za zarobljenog kralja da se vrati iz zatočeništva. Kada nam je Gutenbergova mašina omogućila da postanemo programeri pisanog jezika — gramatike i pravopisa, shvatili smo da je kralj smrtan, samo je ustav besmrtan. Danas, centri kotrole kreiranja novca ulažu divovski trud u stvaranje privida da su izaslanici nevidljive ruke tržišta. Da bolje znaju kom mlekaru dati kredit od ostalih mlekara, kom poljoprivredniku od ostalih poljoprivrednika. Iza tog vela stoji samo lamentiranje nad finansijskim izveštajima kreditnih odbora koji da se sutra zamene bacanjem fer novčića, ekonomija ne bi osetila razliku. Sve što ti lažni proroci rade je puštaju indulgencije svojim prisnima. Kako ekonomska nauka kaže: misalokacija kapitala. Do 3. januara 2009. nismo imali izbora, jer smo transakcije mogli obavljati samo kroz njih. Izbor je duša Bitkoina. Sada imamo naše cevi za prenos vrednosti. A to što kroz njih teče nije ugroženo u kriznim vremenima kada obećanja počnu da se krše, jer nije opterećeno dugom i ima čvrstu garanciju oskudnosti. Kreditni novac neće otići, ali više nismo u nemilosti bankara. Sada jedni druge držimo u šakama. Čovečanstvo je sazrelo za novo vreme u kome se privatnost transakcije, pravo raspolaganja imovinom neometeno nacionalnim granicama i dobrovoljno oporezivanje vidi kao elementarno pravo. Sledeći korak istorije će biti distribuirana (p2p) kriptografska mreža kreditnog novca, u kome odluka o puštanju kredita biva oslobođena od centara kontrole, bitkoin postaje rezerva, nenaplativ kredit jasno definisan, a otplata kredita dobrovoljna, motivisana teorijom igara implementiranom u biznis logiku protokola. Možda će upravo ovakav sistem pokazati da je kreditni novac moguć bez obaveznosti rasta. Banke će uspeti tek na tren da podignu glavu i vide obris tog asteroida u naletu. #### Zar je zaista moguće da sistem ovako funkcioniše? Ovo sve miriše na teorije zavere, pseudonauku u najgorem slučaju. [Kvartalni bilten centralne banke engleske (BOE) o mehanizmu kreiranja novca u ekonomiji ](http://positivemoney.org/2014/03/bank-england-money-money-creation-modern-economy/) [O nemogućnosti eksponencijalnog rasta ](https://dothemath.ucsd.edu/2012/04/economist-meets-physicist/) [Vebsajt profesora Stiva Kina ](http://www.debtdeflation.com/blogs/2009/12/16/circuit-theory-and-the-state-of-post-keynesian-economics/) [O imperativu rasta ](http://zaista.mathias-binswanger.ch/inhalt/Artikel_in_Fachzeitschriften/Journalofpostkeynesianeconomics.pdf) [Školski zadatak kako izmeriti temperaturu na površini Sunca: ](http://sbo.colorado.edu/SBO_OLD_SITE/sbo/manuals/apsmanuals/suntemp.pdf) Monetarni suverenisti: [www.positivemoney.org](http://www.positivemoney.org/), [https://www.sovereignmoney.eu/](https://www.sovereignmoney.eu/) [Odlična monografija Jozefa Hubera ](https://www.sovereignmoney.eu/books/) [Nezaobilazno štivo Ričarda Wernera, oca kovanice “kvantitativne olakšice” i monetarnog suvereniste](http://positivemoney.org/where-does-money-come-from/) [I njegov vrhunski članak o činu kreacije dugovnog novca](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521914001434) #### Da li si svestan da nobelovac Pol Krugman tvrdi suprotno? vaka epizoda istorije ima svoje fariseje i aristotelovce. Dežurnu dvorsku ludu postojećeg poretka, sramotni portret korumpiranosti jedne nauke — [Pola Krugmana istančano opisuje anonimni autor ‘Buckaroo Banzai’.](http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2017-10-19/krugman-and-heroic-fed) Stiv Kin (Steve Keen) je mnogo bolji izbor ako želiš da razumeš ekonomiju, don Sagredo. Ali moraš da se potkuješ fizikom ako želiš da se probudiš iz računovodstvene bajke. Diferencijalne jednačine, ne tepisi teksta. “Greši onaj ko misli da će nas simboli odvesti od realnosti, naprotiv dovešće nas u suštinu stvari”, umeo je da kaže veliki Lajbnic. Ili kraće: vires in numeris. #### Don Salviati, nobody likes a smartass. Gde mogu da naučim više o Bitkoinu? [https://lopp.net/bitcoin.html](https://lopp.net/bitcoin.html)  *Stilizovani prikaz bilansa sa dve računovodstvene situacije koje za banku znače kraj poslovanja i opisom kako do njih dolazi. Levi scenario se po pravilu nikada ne događa, jer šta je to nenaplativ kredit? Sliku izradio: miloseviclawyer.com*

@ 72592ec9:ffa64d2c

1. Knots helps you exercise your self sovereignty verification muscle, instead of conforming to the TrustMeBro defaults of core. Thus you are more prepared to actively defend Bitcoin in case of hardfork-softfork or other shenanigan's. 2. Knots is more feature rich and useful than core, allowing end users to finely tune their nodes mempool policy to reject spam transactions from their own mempools, through such bitcoin.conf settings as: rejectparasites=1 , datacarrier=0, permitbaremultisig=0 3. Running a Underdog Bitcoin Client makes the Bitcoin network more robust as a whole. Supporting an ecosystem of multiple compatible clients running in tandem. Running knots makes Bitcoin, the network more robust, and makes the bitcoin development ecosystem richer. Knots is a backup-option in case core becomes obviously compromised. For decentralization, do we really want only a single implementation, with all our eggs in one basket with just bitcoin core? No. 4. "Knots makes it so that you're not using your node's computing resources to hold and process spam shitcoin transactions and you have better control over what transactions you prioritize processing." - Thus you can save your mempool resources from being abused by bad actors with Knots, but not with core, unfortunately. Core doesn't believe in giving their end users too much choice. This has long been their attitude: to dictate down and deny non-consensus violating choice to end users. 5. Thus running Knots is a counter movement to the unfortunate attitude in core that has willfully neglected a core subset of it's users who care about spam filters. Running Knots is not just a technical improvement in running Bitcoin. It's a political statement in the Bitcoin development ecosystem. ie **No. Not Good Enough. I get to run the code I want within consensus and you can't stop me. That's Bitcoin.** You can download Bitcoin Knots at http://BitcoinKnots.org Be sure to verify your download. Exercise your verification muscles. For a full list of Bitcoin Knots features versus Core, see: https://bitcoinknots.org/files/27.x/27.1.knots20240801/bitcoin-27.1.knots20240801.desc.html A related video on the subject by Matthew Kratter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pgab8FuBwgg&ab_channel=BitcoinUniversity originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/850273

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Remember when people were freaking out about ordinals and NFTs on bitcoin? Remember when fees went bananas? Yeah, that kinda went nowhere. Guess what, bitcoin isn't so easy to kill. It ended up being a good thing IMO. Pushed everyone to become more efficient. There's a lesson here. Chill out. Its gonna be OK. Bitcoin's incentives work. **What did you learn during the ordinals freak out?** originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/850107

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

In my post about [morning routines](https://stacker.news/items/844949/r/Undisciplined), I mentioned that the middle of the day can get a little messy. I prefer flexibility over regimentation, but I still need some guiding principles to act on. One of those principles is ***Hormesis***. This is the idea that manageable doses of potentially harmful stressors are good for us. It's not quite "What doesn't kill us makes us stronger", but it's something like that. # Intermittent Fasting Intermittent fasting causes the body to enter a state of ketosis. This metabolic state burns fats more efficiently and reduces food cravings, because your body is munching down on its fat reserves. So, if I'm not hungry, I don't worry about preemptively eating, since I know being hungry can be good for me. # Dry Fasting Dry fasting, foregoing water, puts the body into a state of autophagy, which translates literally into "self eating". It's not as scary as it sounds, though. What happens is you start metabolizing a bunch of intracellular junk and debris, because water is a product of metabolic reactions. Our bodies will actually produce their own water ("endogenous water") out of junk that's making us sick, including excess body fat. I haven't hydrated in over a year now and I feel great. # Cold Exposure Being mildly cold for an extended period of time causes our bodies to switch from storing white fat to storing brown fat. It's been a while since I looked into this, but brown fat is supposedly healthier and it generates more heat. The thermostat isn't low in the winter just because I'm cheap: it's good to be a little cold. # Heat Exposure I've actually never looked into this in detail, but I know people swear by the health benefits of saunas, steam rooms, hot baths, etc. I think it's related to perspiration being one of the main ways we eliminate toxins from our bodies. The thermostat isn't high in the summer just because I'm cheap: it's good to be a little hot. # Exercise The best known example of hormesis is just regular exercise. This extra stressing of our bodies is so linked to the idea of ~HealthAndFitness that I don't feel any need to elaborate on it. # Hygiene Hypothesis Why do so many more people have allergies and other autoimmune disorders than in prior generations and why is it a western phenomenon? One leading explanation is that our immune systems don't learn what they're supposed to because our modern environments are so sterile. Regular minor exposure to germs and allergens gives our immune systems the opportunity to learn what they are so that it doesn't go berserk when it sees a higher volume later (or something like that, I'm not that kind of doctor). The 5 Second Rule should be a lower bound. ------------ I'm sure there are many more examples of hormesis. Rather than look them up, though, I'd rather hear from the stackers about what beneficial stressors they rely on for their personal health. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/850029

@ 188302bb:9052db11

The playoffs just seem over hyped. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/850003

@ 17538dc2:71ed77c4

Nassim Nicholas Taleb writes: `“We cannot explain everything. We know more about what something is not than what something is. If there would have been no word for colour blue, it would still have existed in reality. It would only have been absent in linguistics. But since we don’t have a word for it, we couldn’t define or comprehend it. But we still could say what it is not. It is not orange. It’s not an elephant, etc. This method of knowledge is truer and more rigorous than positive knowledge.”` In this article, I introduce practical examples of how to apply via negativa to various systems. Recommended reading is [Antifragile](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/176227/antifragile-by-nassim-nicholas-taleb/) by N. N. Taleb. The basic template is as follows: ## What is ____ **not**? Let's start with something every human should be familiar with - food. ### Food Take hot pockets. Is hot pockets food?  What is not food? To answer this question, let's examine the contents of hot pockets.  There seem to be chemistry lab sounding ingredients ("MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIES", "SODIUM STEAROYL LACTYLATE"), as well as food items that your great-great-great-great-great-great grandma cooked with ("SALT", "BEEF" etc.) So What happens when we apply via negativa to the ingredients? From 30 "ingredients" we deduce a couple foood items, or a ~90% reduction in "ingredients" by eliminating processed food slop.  meat good  bread yum ### Free Discourse Take the social media platform X.  X consists of: leased identity, censored speech, and a tech platform for discourse. On the roadmap is social media score that will be used to determine if you can pay your bills when X launches its' bank. What is free discourse not? Removing the ingredient of WEF,  KYC lease hell  and censorship  we receive nostr . [Nostr](https://fiatjaf.com/nostr.html), to my best understanding, is not a WEF globo-homo participant, does not lease identities, and it is that much more difficult to censor wrongspeak (e.g. Netanyahu and friends are commiting genocide, and wanted as war criminals; there are two genders; there is no climate crisis; Ivermectin works). ## Automobiles Modern automobiles can be summed up in two words: "safety", and constant surveillance. Yes, advancements in safety are great - e.g. airbags, seatbelts, car frames that absorb impact energy. However the "its for your safety" component of remote shutdown, remote control, location data selling to data brokers, insurance agents, and your local surveillance outfit is gulag tech. !(image)[https://image.nostr.build/15befd30113614dad3fd7aac01b8771b95bd8ace9186ed4f8016eec6e886e969.jpg] So what happens when we remove the gulag tech out of cars? That is, what is *not* a car? Let's use the following definition of car: ``` A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels ``` Let's use the following definition of gulag: ``` The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. ``` You get the [2024 Toyota Land Cruiser](https://youtu.be/5WHzKNi2ojY). No gulag. Airbags. Push and turn knobs. No spying, no remote control, no cameras, no satellite, no bluetooth, no wi-fi. As an aside, it is practically impossible to import this car to the US. It's "for your safety", and "for the environment", of course. !(image)[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_16.09.20_JM_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Toyota_Land_Cruiser_16.09.20_JM_%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg]?20210328155727 Toyota Landcruiser HZJ-79 Double Cab, Johannes Maximilian `https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Land_Cruiser_16.09.20_JM_(3)_(cropped).jpg).` Hopefully this guide has been helpful illustrating how simple and powerful it is to apply the Via Negativa approach. Mr. Taleb, I commend you on speaking out on the Palestine genocide. I invite you to and hope one day you join anti-fragile nostr.

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

Bitcoin is more than money, more than an asset, and more than a store of value. Bitcoin is a Prime Mover, an enabler and it ignites imaginations. It certainly fueled an idea in my mind. The idea integrates sensors, computational prowess, actuated machinery, power conversion, and electronic communications to form an autonomous, machined creature roaming forests and harvesting the most widespread and least energy-dense fuel source available. I call it the Forest Walker and it eats wood, and mines Bitcoin. I know what you're thinking. Why not just put Bitcoin mining rigs where they belong: in a hosted facility sporting electricity from energy-dense fuels like natural gas, climate-controlled with excellent data piping in and out? Why go to all the trouble building a robot that digests wood creating flammable gasses fueling an engine to run a generator powering Bitcoin miners? It's all about synergy. Bitcoin mining enables the realization of multiple, seemingly unrelated, yet useful activities. Activities considered un-profitable if not for Bitcoin as the Prime Mover. This is much more than simply mining the greatest asset ever conceived by humankind. It’s about the power of synergy, which Bitcoin plays only one of many roles. The synergy created by this system can stabilize forests' fire ecology while generating multiple income streams. That’s the realistic goal here and requires a brief history of American Forest management before continuing. # Smokey The Bear In 1944, the Smokey Bear Wildfire Prevention Campaign began in the United States. “Only YOU can prevent forest fires” remains the refrain of the Ad Council’s longest running campaign. The Ad Council is a U.S. non-profit set up by the American Association of Advertising Agencies and the Association of National Advertisers in 1942. It would seem that the U.S. Department of the Interior was concerned about pesky forest fires and wanted them to stop. So, alongside a national policy of extreme fire suppression they enlisted the entire U.S. population to get onboard via the Ad Council and it worked. Forest fires were almost obliterated and everyone was happy, right? Wrong. Smokey is a fantastically successful bear so forest fires became so few for so long that the fuel load - dead wood - in forests has become very heavy. So heavy that when a fire happens (and they always happen) it destroys everything in its path because the more fuel there is the hotter that fire becomes. Trees, bushes, shrubs, and all other plant life cannot escape destruction (not to mention homes and businesses). The soil microbiology doesn’t escape either as it is burned away even in deeper soils. To add insult to injury, hydrophobic waxy residues condense on the soil surface, forcing water to travel over the ground rather than through it eroding forest soils. Good job, Smokey. Well done, Sir! Most terrestrial ecologies are “fire ecologies”. Fire is a part of these systems’ fuel load and pest management. Before we pretended to “manage” millions of acres of forest, fires raged over the world, rarely damaging forests. The fuel load was always too light to generate fires hot enough to moonscape mountainsides. Fires simply burned off the minor amounts of fuel accumulated since the fire before. The lighter heat, smoke, and other combustion gasses suppressed pests, keeping them in check and the smoke condensed into a plant growth accelerant called wood vinegar, not a waxy cap on the soil. These fires also cleared out weak undergrowth, cycled minerals, and thinned the forest canopy, allowing sunlight to penetrate to the forest floor. Without a fire’s heat, many pine tree species can’t sow their seed. The heat is required to open the cones (the seed bearing structure) of Spruce, Cypress, Sequoia, Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine and many more. Without fire forests can’t have babies. The idea was to protect the forests, and it isn't working. So, in a world of fire, what does an ally look like and what does it do? # Meet The Forest Walker  For the Forest Walker to work as a mobile, autonomous unit, a solid platform that can carry several hundred pounds is required. It so happens this chassis already exists but shelved. Introducing the Legged Squad Support System (LS3). A joint project between Boston Dynamics, DARPA, and the United States Marine Corps, the quadrupedal robot is the size of a cow, can carry 400 pounds (180 kg) of equipment, negotiate challenging terrain, and operate for 24 hours before needing to refuel. Yes, it had an engine. Abandoned in 2015, the thing was too noisy for military deployment and maintenance "under fire" is never a high-quality idea. However, we can rebuild it to act as a platform for the Forest Walker; albeit with serious alterations. It would need to be bigger, probably. Carry more weight? Definitely. Maybe replace structural metal with carbon fiber and redesign much as 3D printable parts for more effective maintenance. The original system has a top operational speed of 8 miles per hour. For our purposes, it only needs to move about as fast as a grazing ruminant. Without the hammering vibrations of galloping into battle, shocks of exploding mortars, and drunken soldiers playing "Wrangler of Steel Machines", time between failures should be much longer and the overall energy consumption much lower. The LS3 is a solid platform to build upon. Now it just needs to be pulled out of the mothballs, and completely refitted with outboard equipment. # The Small Branch Chipper  When I say “Forest fuel load” I mean the dead, carbon containing litter on the forest floor. Duff (leaves), fine-woody debris (small branches), and coarse woody debris (logs) are the fuel that feeds forest fires. Walk through any forest in the United States today and you will see quite a lot of these materials. Too much, as I have described. Some of these fuel loads can be 8 tons per acre in pine and hardwood forests and up to 16 tons per acre at active logging sites. That’s some big wood and the more that collects, the more combustible danger to the forest it represents. It also provides a technically unlimited fuel supply for the Forest Walker system. The problem is that this detritus has to be chewed into pieces that are easily ingestible by the system for the gasification process (we’ll get to that step in a minute). What we need is a wood chipper attached to the chassis (the LS3); its “mouth”. A small wood chipper handling material up to 2.5 - 3.0 inches (6.3 - 7.6 cm) in diameter would eliminate a substantial amount of fuel. There is no reason for Forest Walker to remove fallen trees. It wouldn’t have to in order to make a real difference. It need only identify appropriately sized branches and grab them. Once loaded into the chipper’s intake hopper for further processing, the beast can immediately look for more “food”. This is essentially kindling that would help ignite larger logs. If it’s all consumed by Forest Walker, then it’s not present to promote an aggravated conflagration. I have glossed over an obvious question: How does Forest Walker see and identify branches and such? LiDaR (Light Detection and Ranging) attached to Forest Walker images the local area and feed those data to onboard computers for processing. Maybe AI plays a role. Maybe simple machine learning can do the trick. One thing is for certain: being able to identify a stick and cause robotic appendages to pick it up is not impossible. Great! We now have a quadrupedal robot autonomously identifying and “eating” dead branches and other light, combustible materials. Whilst strolling through the forest, depleting future fires of combustibles, Forest Walker has already performed a major function of this system: making the forest safer. It's time to convert this low-density fuel into a high-density fuel Forest Walker can leverage. Enter the gasification process. # The Gassifier  The gasifier is the heart of the entire system; it’s where low-density fuel becomes the high-density fuel that powers the entire system. Biochar and wood vinegar are process wastes and I’ll discuss why both are powerful soil amendments in a moment, but first, what’s gasification? Reacting shredded carbonaceous material at high temperatures in a low or no oxygen environment converts the biomass into biochar, wood vinegar, heat, and Synthesis Gas (Syngas). Syngas consists primarily of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane. All of which are extremely useful fuels in a gaseous state. Part of this gas is used to heat the input biomass and keep the reaction temperature constant while the internal combustion engine that drives the generator to produce electrical power consumes the rest. Critically, this gasification process is “continuous feed”. Forest Walker must intake biomass from the chipper, process it to fuel, and dump the waste (CO2, heat, biochar, and wood vinegar) continuously. It cannot stop. Everything about this system depends upon this continual grazing, digestion, and excretion of wastes just as a ruminal does. And, like a ruminant, all waste products enhance the local environment. When I first heard of gasification, I didn’t believe that it was real. Running an electric generator from burning wood seemed more akin to “conspiracy fantasy” than science. Not only is gasification real, it’s ancient technology. A man named Dean Clayton first started experiments on gasification in 1699 and in 1901 gasification was used to power a vehicle. By the end of World War II, there were 500,000 Syngas powered vehicles in Germany alone because of fossil fuel rationing during the war. The global gasification market was $480 billion in 2022 and projected to be as much as $700 billion by 2030 (Vantage Market Research). Gasification technology is the best choice to power the Forest Walker because it’s self-contained and we want its waste products. # Biochar: The Waste  Biochar (AKA agricultural charcoal) is fairly simple: it’s almost pure, solid carbon that resembles charcoal. Its porous nature packs large surface areas into small, 3 dimensional nuggets. Devoid of most other chemistry, like hydrocarbons (methane) and ash (minerals), biochar is extremely lightweight. Do not confuse it with the charcoal you buy for your grill. Biochar doesn’t make good grilling charcoal because it would burn too rapidly as it does not contain the multitude of flammable components that charcoal does. Biochar has several other good use cases. Water filtration, water retention, nutrient retention, providing habitat for microscopic soil organisms, and carbon sequestration are the main ones that we are concerned with here. Carbon has an amazing ability to adsorb (substances stick to and accumulate on the surface of an object) manifold chemistries. Water, nutrients, and pollutants tightly bind to carbon in this format. So, biochar makes a respectable filter and acts as a “battery” of water and nutrients in soils. Biochar adsorbs and holds on to seven times its weight in water. Soil containing biochar is more drought resilient than soil without it. Adsorbed nutrients, tightly sequestered alongside water, get released only as plants need them. Plants must excrete protons (H+) from their roots to disgorge water or positively charged nutrients from the biochar's surface; it's an active process. Biochar’s surface area (where adsorption happens) can be 500 square meters per gram or more. That is 10% larger than an official NBA basketball court for every gram of biochar. Biochar’s abundant surface area builds protective habitats for soil microbes like fungi and bacteria and many are critical for the health and productivity of the soil itself. The “carbon sequestration” component of biochar comes into play where “carbon credits” are concerned. There is a financial market for carbon. Not leveraging that market for revenue is foolish. I am climate agnostic. All I care about is that once solid carbon is inside the soil, it will stay there for thousands of years, imparting drought resiliency, fertility collection, nutrient buffering, and release for that time span. I simply want as much solid carbon in the soil because of the undeniably positive effects it has, regardless of any climactic considerations. # Wood Vinegar: More Waste  Another by-product of the gasification process is wood vinegar (Pyroligneous acid). If you have ever seen Liquid Smoke in the grocery store, then you have seen wood vinegar. Principally composed of acetic acid, acetone, and methanol wood vinegar also contains ~200 other organic compounds. It would seem intuitive that condensed, liquefied wood smoke would at least be bad for the health of all living things if not downright carcinogenic. The counter intuition wins the day, however. Wood vinegar has been used by humans for a very long time to promote digestion, bowel, and liver health; combat diarrhea and vomiting; calm peptic ulcers and regulate cholesterol levels; and a host of other benefits. For centuries humans have annually burned off hundreds of thousands of square miles of pasture, grassland, forest, and every other conceivable terrestrial ecosystem. Why is this done? After every burn, one thing becomes obvious: the almost supernatural growth these ecosystems exhibit after the burn. How? Wood vinegar is a component of this growth. Even in open burns, smoke condenses and infiltrates the soil. That is when wood vinegar shows its quality. This stuff beefs up not only general plant growth but seed germination as well and possesses many other qualities that are beneficial to plants. It’s a pesticide, fungicide, promotes beneficial soil microorganisms, enhances nutrient uptake, and imparts disease resistance. I am barely touching a long list of attributes here, but you want wood vinegar in your soil (alongside biochar because it adsorbs wood vinegar as well). # The Internal Combustion Engine  Conversion of grazed forage to chemical, then mechanical, and then electrical energy completes the cycle. The ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) converts the gaseous fuel output from the gasifier to mechanical energy, heat, water vapor, and CO2. It’s the mechanical energy of a rotating drive shaft that we want. That rotation drives the electric generator, which is the heartbeat we need to bring this monster to life. Luckily for us, combined internal combustion engine and generator packages are ubiquitous, delivering a defined energy output given a constant fuel input. It’s the simplest part of the system. The obvious question here is whether the amount of syngas provided by the gasification process will provide enough energy to generate enough electrons to run the entire system or not. While I have no doubt the energy produced will run Forest Walker's main systems the question is really about the electrons left over. Will it be enough to run the Bitcoin mining aspect of the system? Everything is a budget. # CO2 Production For Growth  Plants are lollipops. No matter if it’s a tree or a bush or a shrubbery, the entire thing is mostly sugar in various formats but mostly long chain carbohydrates like lignin and cellulose. Plants need three things to make sugar: CO2, H2O and light. In a forest, where tree densities can be quite high, CO2 availability becomes a limiting growth factor. It’d be in the forest interests to have more available CO2 providing for various sugar formation providing the organism with food and structure. An odd thing about tree leaves, the openings that allow gasses like the ever searched for CO2 are on the bottom of the leaf (these are called stomata). Not many stomata are topside. This suggests that trees and bushes have evolved to find gasses like CO2 from below, not above and this further suggests CO2 might be in higher concentrations nearer the soil. The soil life (bacterial, fungi etc.) is constantly producing enormous amounts of CO2 and it would stay in the soil forever (eventually killing the very soil life that produces it) if not for tidal forces. Water is everywhere and whether in pools, lakes, oceans or distributed in “moist” soils water moves towards to the moon. The water in the soil and also in the water tables below the soil rise toward the surface every day. When the water rises, it expels the accumulated gasses in the soil into the atmosphere and it’s mostly CO2. It’s a good bet on how leaves developed high populations of stomata on the underside of leaves. As the water relaxes (the tide goes out) it sucks oxygenated air back into the soil to continue the functions of soil life respiration. The soil “breathes” albeit slowly. The gasses produced by the Forest Walker’s internal combustion engine consist primarily of CO2 and H2O. Combusting sugars produce the same gasses that are needed to construct the sugars because the universe is funny like that. The Forest Walker is constantly laying down these critical construction elements right where the trees need them: close to the ground to be gobbled up by the trees. # The Branch Drones  During the last ice age, giant mammals populated North America - forests and otherwise. Mastodons, woolly mammoths, rhinos, short-faced bears, steppe bison, caribou, musk ox, giant beavers, camels, gigantic ground-dwelling sloths, glyptodons, and dire wolves were everywhere. Many were ten to fifteen feet tall. As they crashed through forests, they would effectively cleave off dead side-branches of trees, halting the spread of a ground-based fire migrating into the tree crown ("laddering") which is a death knell for a forest. These animals are all extinct now and forests no longer have any manner of pruning services. But, if we build drones fitted with cutting implements like saws and loppers, optical cameras and AI trained to discern dead branches from living ones, these drones could effectively take over pruning services by identifying, cutting, and dropping to the forest floor, dead branches. The dropped branches simply get collected by the Forest Walker as part of its continual mission. The drones dock on the back of the Forest Walker to recharge their batteries when low. The whole scene would look like a grazing cow with some flies bothering it. This activity breaks the link between a relatively cool ground based fire and the tree crowns and is a vital element in forest fire control. # The Bitcoin Miner  Mining is one of four monetary incentive models, making this system a possibility for development. The other three are US Dept. of the Interior, township, county, and electrical utility company easement contracts for fuel load management, global carbon credits trading, and data set sales. All the above depends on obvious questions getting answered. I will list some obvious ones, but this is not an engineering document and is not the place for spreadsheets. How much Bitcoin one Forest Walker can mine depends on everything else. What amount of biomass can we process? Will that biomass flow enough Syngas to keep the lights on? Can the chassis support enough mining ASICs and supporting infrastructure? What does that weigh and will it affect field performance? How much power can the AC generator produce? Other questions that are more philosophical persist. Even if a single Forest Walker can only mine scant amounts of BTC per day, that pales to how much fuel material it can process into biochar. We are talking about millions upon millions of forested acres in need of fuel load management. What can a single Forest Walker do? I am not thinking in singular terms. The Forest Walker must operate as a fleet. What could 50 do? 500? What is it worth providing a service to the world by managing forest fuel loads? Providing proof of work to the global monetary system? Seeding soil with drought and nutrient resilience by the excretion, over time, of carbon by the ton? What did the last forest fire cost? # The Mesh Network  What could be better than one bitcoin mining, carbon sequestering, forest fire squelching, soil amending behemoth? Thousands of them, but then they would need to be able to talk to each other to coordinate position, data handling, etc. Fitted with a mesh networking device, like goTenna or Meshtastic LoRa equipment enables each Forest Walker to communicate with each other. Now we have an interconnected fleet of Forest Walkers relaying data to each other and more importantly, aggregating all of that to the last link in the chain for uplink. Well, at least Bitcoin mining data. Since block data is lightweight, transmission of these data via mesh networking in fairly close quartered environs is more than doable. So, how does data transmit to the Bitcoin Network? How do the Forest Walkers get the previous block data necessary to execute on mining? # Back To The Chain  Getting Bitcoin block data to and from the network is the last puzzle piece. The standing presumption here is that wherever a Forest Walker fleet is operating, it is NOT within cell tower range. We further presume that the nearest Walmart Wi-Fi is hours away. Enter the Blockstream Satellite or something like it. A separate, ground-based drone will have two jobs: To stay as close to the nearest Forest Walker as it can and to provide an antennae for either terrestrial or orbital data uplink. Bitcoin-centric data is transmitted to the "uplink drone" via the mesh networked transmitters and then sent on to the uplink and the whole flow goes in the opposite direction as well; many to one and one to many. We cannot transmit data to the Blockstream satellite, and it will be up to Blockstream and companies like it to provide uplink capabilities in the future and I don't doubt they will. Starlink you say? What’s stopping that company from filtering out block data? Nothing because it’s Starlink’s system and they could decide to censor these data. It seems we may have a problem sending and receiving Bitcoin data in back country environs. But, then again, the utility of this system in staunching the fuel load that creates forest fires is extremely useful around forested communities and many have fiber, Wi-Fi and cell towers. These communities could be a welcoming ground zero for first deployments of the Forest Walker system by the home and business owners seeking fire repression. In the best way, Bitcoin subsidizes the safety of the communities. # Sensor Packages ### LiDaR  The benefit of having a Forest Walker fleet strolling through the forest is the never ending opportunity for data gathering. A plethora of deployable sensors gathering hyper-accurate data on everything from temperature to topography is yet another revenue generator. Data is valuable and the Forest Walker could generate data sales to various government entities and private concerns. LiDaR (Light Detection and Ranging) can map topography, perform biomass assessment, comparative soil erosion analysis, etc. It so happens that the Forest Walker’s ability to “see,” to navigate about its surroundings, is LiDaR driven and since it’s already being used, we can get double duty by harvesting that data for later use. By using a laser to send out light pulses and measuring the time it takes for the reflection of those pulses to return, very detailed data sets incrementally build up. Eventually, as enough data about a certain area becomes available, the data becomes useful and valuable. Forestry concerns, both private and public, often use LiDaR to build 3D models of tree stands to assess the amount of harvest-able lumber in entire sections of forest. Consulting companies offering these services charge anywhere from several hundred to several thousand dollars per square kilometer for such services. A Forest Walker generating such assessments on the fly while performing its other functions is a multi-disciplinary approach to revenue generation. ### pH, Soil Moisture, and Cation Exchange Sensing  The Forest Walker is quadrupedal, so there are four contact points to the soil. Why not get a pH data point for every step it takes? We can also gather soil moisture data and cation exchange capacities at unheard of densities because of sampling occurring on the fly during commission of the system’s other duties. No one is going to build a machine to do pH testing of vast tracts of forest soils, but that doesn’t make the data collected from such an endeavor valueless. Since the Forest Walker serves many functions at once, a multitude of data products can add to the return on investment component. ### Weather Data  Temperature, humidity, pressure, and even data like evapotranspiration gathered at high densities on broad acre scales have untold value and because the sensors are lightweight and don’t require large power budgets, they come along for the ride at little cost. But, just like the old mantra, “gas, grass, or ass, nobody rides for free”, these sensors provide potential revenue benefits just by them being present. I’ve touched on just a few data genres here. In fact, the question for universities, governmental bodies, and other institutions becomes, “How much will you pay us to attach your sensor payload to the Forest Walker?” # Noise Suppression  Only you can prevent Metallica filling the surrounds with 120 dB of sound. Easy enough, just turn the car stereo off. But what of a fleet of 50 Forest Walkers operating in the backcountry or near a township? 500? 5000? Each one has a wood chipper, an internal combustion engine, hydraulic pumps, actuators, and more cooling fans than you can shake a stick at. It’s a walking, screaming fire-breathing dragon operating continuously, day and night, twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty-five days a year. The sound will negatively affect all living things and that impacts behaviors. Serious engineering consideration and prowess must deliver a silencing blow to the major issue of noise. It would be foolish to think that a fleet of Forest Walkers could be silent, but if not a major design consideration, then the entire idea is dead on arrival. Townships would not allow them to operate even if they solved the problem of widespread fuel load and neither would governmental entities, and rightly so. Nothing, not man nor beast, would want to be subjected to an eternal, infernal scream even if it were to end within days as the fleet moved further away after consuming what it could. Noise and heat are the only real pollutants of this system; taking noise seriously from the beginning is paramount. # Fire Safety  A “fire-breathing dragon” is not the worst description of the Forest Walker. It eats wood, combusts it at very high temperatures and excretes carbon; and it does so in an extremely flammable environment. Bad mix for one Forest Walker, worse for many. One must take extreme pains to ensure that during normal operation, a Forest Walker could fall over, walk through tinder dry brush, or get pounded into the ground by a meteorite from Krypton and it wouldn’t destroy epic swaths of trees and baby deer. I envision an ultimate test of a prototype to include dowsing it in grain alcohol while it’s wrapped up in toilet paper like a pledge at a fraternity party. If it runs for 72 hours and doesn’t set everything on fire, then maybe outside entities won’t be fearful of something that walks around forests with a constant fire in its belly. # The Wrap  How we think about what can be done with and adjacent to Bitcoin is at least as important as Bitcoin’s economic standing itself. For those who will tell me that this entire idea is without merit, I say, “OK, fine. You can come up with something, too.” What can we plug Bitcoin into that, like a battery, makes something that does not work, work? That’s the lesson I get from this entire exercise. No one was ever going to hire teams of humans to go out and "clean the forest". There's no money in that. The data collection and sales from such an endeavor might provide revenues over the break-even point but investment demands Alpha in this day and age. But, plug Bitcoin into an almost viable system and, voilà! We tip the scales to achieve lift-off. Let’s face it, we haven’t scratched the surface of Bitcoin’s forcing function on our minds. Not because it’s Bitcoin, but because of what that invention means. The question that pushes me to approach things this way is, “what can we create that one system’s waste is another system’s feedstock?” The Forest Walker system’s only real waste is the conversion of low entropy energy (wood and syngas) into high entropy energy (heat and noise). All other output is beneficial to humanity. Bitcoin, I believe, is the first product of a new mode of human imagination. An imagination newly forged over the past few millennia of being lied to, stolen from, distracted and otherwise mis-allocated to a black hole of the nonsensical. We are waking up. What I have presented is not science fiction. Everything I have described here is well within the realm of possibility. The question is one of viability, at least in terms of the detritus of the old world we find ourselves departing from. This system would take a non-trivial amount of time and resources to develop. I think the system would garner extensive long-term contracts from those who have the most to lose from wildfires, the most to gain from hyperaccurate data sets, and, of course, securing the most precious asset in the world. Many may not see it that way, for they seek Alpha and are therefore blind to other possibilities. Others will see only the possibilities; of thinking in a new way, of looking at things differently, and dreaming of what comes next.

@ 554ab6fe:c6cbc27e

We live in a world where the advances in modern medicine are heralded as achievements beyond our wildest dreams. Science is truly amazing and will continue to propel human life forward in tremendous ways. However, our journey as scientific healers is in its extreme infancy, and what we see as medicine today will be interpreted as primitive in the decades or centuries to come. I think there is already an aspect of medicine that is incredibly underrepresented, an aspect of human health that many still ignore; the recognition of the integral relationship between the body and mind. Starting with my interest in the health benefits of mindfulness meditation, I have found that the body, its organs, and its systems are all incredibly interconnected to our mind and experience of consciousness. We often perceive each organ as separate and independent piece of our complicated “machine”, but this is far from the truth. For example, the gut affects the state of the mind, mental health translates into physical health, physical health translates back into mental health, etc. I tend to imagine the body as more of a soup, where everything is just a fluid flowing around, and a change in one area causes a ripple that influences everywhere else. Understanding the entire ecosystem, and how it functions to maintain balance, is at the heart of having true understanding of our own bodies, health, and how to obtain satisfaction in life. These ideas are rooted in core philosophies of eastern medicine, yet our western society often disregards these practices as pseudoscience and unfounded. As science matures, and more research is conducted, this naivety diminishes. It is my hope to share some scientific research that highlights how interconnected all the systems are, to explain the importance and scientific validly of holistic health. This article will provide a brief introduction to these topics. It will be the intent of this entire blog to further develop upon these ideas, as time continues to flow. To begin, discussion of gut health, microbiota, and how it interacts with the brain is a sure way to articulate the beauty of our inner ecosystem. Many have heard the phrase “you are what you eat”. The cells from the food we consume become the cells that make our body, but this is an extreme oversimplification. Our gut is composed of more than just the organs and juices that process our food. It is also home to 300-500 bacterial species called microbiota (Quigley, 2010). These foreign species that live inside of us, come from the foods we eat, and they have a profound impact on our physical and mental health. A healthy colony of microbiota in our gut wall is essential for selectively allowing nutrients into our systems, while keeping other more harmful molecules such as pathogens out (Househam et al., 2017). Therefore, a healthy microbiota population has a severe impact on immune health. Additionally, microbiota, via the vagus nerve, may have influence over our dietary behavior (Alcock et al., 2014). For example, people who desire chocolate and those who are indifferent to it seem to have different microbiota (Rezzi et al., 2007). Other examples, from mice studies, have shown different mood styles depending on the food given (Bercik et al., 2011). Decreasing stress through probiotics (foods containing gut bacteria) in humans has also been achieved (Messaoudi et al., 2011). So, on top of affecting our immune health, our gut bacteria colony seems to affect our mind by both influencing what we want to eat and our mood. This is a clear example of how the body affects the mind. Not to mention, our mind obviously makes choices in what we eat. Therefore, our mind also affects our body. Hopefully this illustrates the cyclical nature of the influence our mind and body have on each other. Perhaps this also sparks interest in having more attention over our own diets. I know it has for me. The gut is not the only body part to have this type of relationship with the mind; our heart does as well. The brain has dramatic influence over the heart. Our nervous system contains the autonomic nervous system, and within it are two branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system induces the “fight or flight” response, which increases heart rate. The parasympathetic is the opposite and slows heart rate. The heart is continuously receiving signals from both branches and changes its pace accordingly (Armour, 1994). The cardiovascular system also has its own set of sensory neurons, so that it can regulate its pace on its own (Armour, 1994). It is a vital organ for life, and therefore must have robust communication back and forth between itself and the brain, to maintain proper functionality and harmony between the two major systems. This is in part why the heart and cardiovascular systems relay more information to the brain than any other organ in the body (Cameron, 2002). Additionally, this means that its influence over the brain is significant. It seems obvious that our emotional state can influence heart rate. When we get scared or nervous, our heart rate increases. This is something we have all experienced. However, heart rate not only represents our emotional states, but it can also determine them (Mccraty et al., 2009). Many of the afferent neurons sending signals from the heart to the brain innervate with the brain’s thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala, which all play a role in emotional processing (Mccraty et al., 2009). More evidence for this theory is found in research that shows panic is frequently generated after unrecognized cardiac arrhythmia (Mccraty et al., 2009). Not only does the mind influence the heart, but so does the heart influence the mind, likely in ways that we do not fully comprehend yet. Nonetheless, I hope it is becoming clear that our mind not only influences the activity of organs, but these organs also influence the mind and brain. Therefore, there seems to be a cyclical interaction and communication between our brain and body that is constantly at work. In which case, the brain is the body, and the body is the brain. It is one giant ecosystem influencing and reacting to itself. A practice that seems to properly highlight the significance of the mind body relationship is meditation. Meditation can be thought of as both a physical and mental activity. It is mental in the sense that it involves a practice of processing all incoming thoughts, feelings, and emotions in a nonjudgmental way to learn to dereify thoughts (to learn that thoughts are not a part of reality)(Wielgosz et al., 2019). Additionally, it incorporates a physical aspect of breath work. Advanced meditators seem to commonly arrive at a calm breathing frequency of 8 breaths / minute (0.13Hz) (Cysarz & Büssing, 2005), suggesting that the process of meditation leads to certain breathing patterns. Of course, meditation can become even more physical within the practice that we commonly refer to as yoga, Tai Chi （太极）, or Qi Gong (气功). These practices involve a certain orientation to the body and present moments that promote mindfulness. The mental practice of mindfulness and meditation seem to lead to very healthy mental outcomes. For example, large meta-analysis studies have found that mindfulness-based practices lead to decreased ruminations, stress, anxiety (Greeson et al., 2018; Querstret et al., 2020). These poor mental habits are highly correlated to a wandering mind that is time traveling to the past and future. Mindfulness meditation is amazingly helpful in alleviating these psychological burdens by creating a practice of keeping the mind present. Furthermore, this field of practice not only affects the mind, but also the body. For example, there has been research to suggest that pranayama breathing may aid in the alleviation of asthmatic symptoms (Agnihotri et al., 2016; Jayawardena et al., 2020; Saxena & Saxena, 2009). The main theory behind how meditation leads to all the physical and mental benefits comes from the idea that meditation may increase vagus nerve tone. If this is true, then it has profound implications on the relationship between the mind and body. The vagus nerve is the longest nerve in the body (Bonaz et al., 2017), and is the main nerve for the parasympathetic nervous system. The activation of that nerve alters the state of most organs and systems throughout the body via promoting parasympathetic activity. Given our modern stressful lives, this is something our body is in dire need of. If the practice of meditation, which is largely mental, is truly capable of influencing the activation of this nerve, then the interplay between mind and body should be taken very seriously from a health care point of view. If science continues to promote this finding, then meditation could potentially be one of the most powerful ways we can promote health within ourselves. Much of this blog will be devoted to the pursuit of the understanding of how the mind and body is related. How is the mind, our experience, and perception of world dictated by both our mental and physical habits? Additionally, how do physical habits influence the mind? Together, we can slowly learn how the body and mind work in a holistic manner, to gain more control over our health and well-being. I look forward to this journey of inquiry, and I hope you will join me on it. References Agnihotri, S., Kant, S., Mishra, S. K., & Singh, R. (2016). Efficacy of yoga in mild to moderate persistent chronic bronchial asthma. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 15(2), 337–340. Alcock, J., Maley, C. C., & Aktipis, C. A. (2014). Is eating behavior manipulated by the gastrointestinal microbiota? Evolutionary pressures and potential mechanisms. BioEssays, 36(10), 940–949. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201400071 Armour, J. A. (1994). The role of peripheral autonomic neurons in cardiac regulation. Neurocardiology, 219–244. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10025731968 Bercik, P., Denou, E., Collins, J., Jackson, W., Lu, J., Jury, J., Deng, Y., Blennerhassett, P., MacRi, J., McCoy, K. D., Verdu, E. F., & Collins, S. M. (2011). The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology, 141(2), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.052 Bonaz, B., Sinniger, V., & Pellissier, S. (2017). The vagus nerve in the neuro-immune axis: Implications in the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. In Frontiers in Immunology (Vol. 8, Issue NOV, p. 1452). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01452 Cameron, O. G. (2002). Visceral Sensory Neuroscience: Interoception. In Oxford University Press. Oxford University Press. Cysarz, D., & Büssing, A. (2005). Cardiorespiratory synchronization during Zen meditation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-1379-3 Greeson, J. M., Zarrin, H., Smoski, M. J., Brantley, J. G., Lynch, T. R., Webber, D. M., Hall, M. H., Suarez, E. C., & Wolever, R. Q. (2018). Mindfulness Meditation Targets Transdiagnostic Symptoms Implicated in Stress-Related Disorders: Understanding Relationships between Changes in Mindfulness, Sleep Quality, and Physical Symptoms. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4505191 Househam, A. M., Christine, ;, Peterson, T., Mills, P. J., & Chopra, D. (2017). The Effects of Stress and Meditation on the Immune System, Human Microbiota, and Epigenetics. Jayawardena, R., Ranasinghe, P., Ranawaka, H., Gamage, N., Dissanayake, D., & Misra, A. (2020). Exploring the therapeutic benefits of “Pranayama” (yogic breathing): A systematic review. International Journal of Yoga, 13(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_37_19 Mccraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D., & Bradley, R. T. (2009). The Coherent Heart Heart-Brain Interactions, Psychophysiological Coherence, and the Emergence of System-Wide Order. In REVIEW December (Vol. 5, Issue 2). Messaoudi, M., Lalonde, R., Violle, N., Javelot, H., Desor, D., Nejdi, A., Bisson, J. F., Rougeot, C., Pichelin, M., Cazaubiel, M., & Cazaubiel, J. M. (2011). Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 105(5), 755–764. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510004319 Querstret, D., Morison, L., Dickinson, S., Cropley, M., & John, M. (2020). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological health and well-being in nonclinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Stress Management, 27(4), 394–411. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000165 Quigley, E. M. M. (2010). Prebiotics and probiotics; modifying and mining the microbiota. In Pharmacological Research (Vol. 61, Issue 3, pp. 213–218). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2010.01.004 Rezzi, S., Ramadan, Z., Martin, F. P. J., Fay, L. B., van Bladeren, P., Lindon, J. C., Nicholson, J. K., & Kochhar, S. (2007). Human metabolic phenotypes link directly to specific dietary preferences in healthy individuals. Journal of Proteome Research, 6(11), 4469–4477. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr070431h Saxena, T., & Saxena, M. (2009). The effect of various breathing exercises (pranayama) in patients with bronchial asthma of mild to moderate severity. International Journal of Yoga, 2(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.53838 Wielgosz, J., Goldberg, S. B., Kral, T. R. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2019). Mindfulness Meditation and Psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 285–316. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093423

@ 17538dc2:71ed77c4

Sci-Hub 2024 year end review is translated to English by Kagi Translate from Russian. Original text can be found in Sci-Hub's telegram channel https://t.me/freescience. ### RESULTS OF 2024 First. The project received donations totaling 2 million dollars in meme coins. The project is actively used by many students in China, which is why a group of Sci-Hub fans has emerged there. As far as I understand, the organizer of the group is actively interested in the topic of cryptocurrencies (even wrote a book). Somewhere in mid-November, the Chinese launched a meme coin in honor of the Sci-Hub project. At its peak, the coin's price reached 5 cents, and now it is somewhere around 1-2 cents. This means that the exchange rate of the Sci-Hub cryptocurrency is now almost equal to the ruble exchange rate (100 to one or so). In general, I converted part of these donations into normal, traditional cryptocurrency (like Bitcoin) and paid for servers several months in advance. The other part is still sitting in meme coins—I hope that the token will still grow in price (there is a promotion plan). Of course, this is risky, but Sci-Hub is a project that is not afraid of risk. Therefore, anyone who wants to invest in Sci-Hub by purchasing this token can do so here: www.coingecko.com/en/coins/sci-hub Second. A dissertation on the topic of open scientific knowledge has been defended at the Institute of Philosophy. For those interested in the history and philosophy of science, I defended a dissertation in April at the Institute of Philosophy on the topic that scientific knowledge should be open (otherwise, it is strange to call it scientific at all). The work shows that open communication is one of the basic traditional values of science when considering science as a social institution. In other words, journals that charge for access to scientific articles are a kind of 'non-traditional orientation journals.' Moreover, openness is an important prerequisite for rationality. Rationality is not limited to the criterion of falsification (hello Popper); it is a much more complex concept. You can familiarize yourself with the text of the dissertation here: web.archive.org/web/20240425100014/https://iphras.ru/page26414303.htm (I provide the link through the web archive because the Institute's website, strangely enough, is glitching again at the time of writing this post). All criticism and comments (as well as praise) regarding the dissertation can be sent to my email. Third. Work has begun on a new declaration of open access to scientific knowledge. Currently, all discussions on the topic of open science are conducted within the frameworks defined by the so-called BBB declarations back in 2001-2003. Within these frameworks, two main types of open access are recognized: gold, meaning open journals with an author-pays model, and green, which refers to repositories like the well-known arXiv. We can also add the so-called diamond open access, which includes open journals that are free for both authors and readers. However, since 2003, internet technologies have advanced significantly. Today, we can already talk about such types of open access as blue (through academic social networks) or red (your beloved Sci-Hub). It is time to adopt a new declaration of open access to scientific knowledge that corresponds to the current state of scientific and technological progress. A preliminary version of the declaration can be read and signed here: open.science.do We will be more actively engaged in this in the coming year. Signing the declaration is an important step towards recognizing access to scientific knowledge through sites like Sci-Hub or Libgen as completely legal and ceasing to pursue them—first in the former USSR, and then in all countries of the world. Fourth. In 2024, about one billion articles were downloaded through Sci-Hub. Despite the fact that this is unfiltered statistics, the fact remains: the popularity of the project has not decreased but only grown, despite the fact that Sci-Hub has not been updated for quite a long time. Of course, this does not mean that the site will not be updated at all now—just that the patient is more alive than dead (no matter how much some haters might wish otherwise). The cause of open access to scientific knowledge will definitely prevail—because good always triumphs over evil. In the new year, I wish all scientists new discoveries and large grants. Happy New Year, comrades!

@ e968e50b:db2a803a

Hey sn! Does anybody know what's the best open source CPU mining software for someone who is not a rocket surgeon? I'm looking for something to run on an old desktop with a burnt-out hard drive. Ideally: 1. Not Nice-hash or anything else like that, open source, "the real deal" 2. Easy to set up, I mean within reason, I'm not THAT dumb 3. bitcoin, not looking to secure the Monero network or anything silly like that I know that this is looking like a tall order, but I'm finding a lot on github, and am hoping one of you knows which one of these programs fit these criteria. If nice-hash can do it, I know the open source world can too. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/849909

@ df173277:4ec96708

> OpenSecret is a backend for app developers that turns private encryption on by default. When sensitive data is readable only by the user, it protects both the user and the developer, creating a more free and open internet. We'll be launching in 2025. [Join our waitlist to get early access.](https://opensecret.cloud) In today's digital age, personal data is both an asset and a liability. With the rise of data breaches and cyber attacks, individuals and companies struggle to protect sensitive information. The consequences of a data breach can be devastating, resulting in financial losses, reputational damage, and compromised user trust. In 2023, the average data breach cost was $5 million, with some resulting in losses of over $1 billion. Meanwhile, individuals face problems related to identity theft, personal safety, and public embarrassment. Think about the apps on your phone, even the one you're using to read this. How much data have you trusted to other people, and how would it feel if that data were leaked online? Thankfully, some incredibly talented cypherpunks years ago gave the world cryptography. We can encrypt data, rendering it a secret between two people. So why then do we have data breaches? > Cryptography at scale is hard. #### The Cloud The cloud has revolutionized how we store and process data, but it has limitations. While cloud providers offer encryption, it mainly protects data in transit. Once data is stored in the cloud, it's often encrypted with a shared key, which can be accessed by employees, third-party vendors, or compromised by hackers. The solution is to generate a personal encryption password for each user, make sure they write it down, and, most importantly, hope they don't lose it. If the password is lost, the data is forever unreadable. That can be overwhelming, leading to low app usage. > Private key encryption needs a UX upgrade. ## Enter OpenSecret OpenSecret is a developer platform that enables encryption by default. Our platform provides a suite of security tools for app developers, including private key management, encrypted sync, private AI, and confidential compute. Every user has a private vault for their data, which means only they can read it. Developers are free to store less sensitive data in a shared manner because there is still a need to aggregate data across the system.  ### Private Key Management Private key management is the superpower that enables personal encryption per user. When each user has a unique private key, their data can be truly private. Typically, using a private key is a challenging experience for the user because they must write down a long autogenerated number or phrase of 12-24 words. If they lose it, their data is gone. OpenSecret uses secure enclaves to make private keys as easy as an everyday login experience that users are familiar with. Instead of managing a complicated key, the user logs in with an email address or a social media account. The developer doesn't have to manage private keys and can focus on the app's user experience. The user doesn't have to worry about losing a private key and can jump into using your app.  ### Encrypted Sync With user keys safely managed, we can synchronize user data to every device while maintaining privacy. The user does not need to do complicated things like scanning QR codes from one device to the next. Just log in and go. The user wins because the data is available on all their devices. The developer wins because only the user can read the data, so it isn't a liability to them. ### Private AI Artificial intelligence is here and making its way into everything. The true power of AI is unleashed when it can act on personal and company data. The current options are to run your own AI locally on an underpowered machine or to trust a third party with your data, hoping they don't read it or use it for anything. OpenSecret combines the power of cloud computing with the privacy and security of a machine running on your desk. **Check out Maple AI**\ Try private AI for yourself! We built an app built with this service called [Maple AI](https://trymaple.ai). It is an AI chat that is 100% private in a verifiable manner. Give it your innermost thoughts or embarrassing ideas; we can't judge you. We built Maple using OpenSecret, which means you have a private key that is automatically managed for you, and your chat history is synchronized to all your devices. [Learn more about Maple AI - Private chat in the announcement post.](https://blog.opensecret.cloud/maple-ai-private-encrypted-chat/)  ### Confidential Compute Confidential computing is a game-changer for data security. It's like the secure hardware that powers Apple Pay and Google Pay on your phone but in the cloud. Users can verify through a process called attestation that their data is handled appropriately. OpenSecret can help you run your own custom app backend code that would benefit from the security of an enclave. It's the new version of that lock on your web browser. When you see it, you know you're secure.  #### **But do we want our secrets to be open?** OpenSecret renders a data breach practically useless. If hackers get into the backend, they enter a virtual hallway of locked private vaults. The leaked data would be gibberish, a secret in the open that is unreadable. On the topic of openness, OpenSecret uses the power of open source to enable trust in the service. We publish our code in the open, and, using attestation, anyone can verify that private data is being handled as expected. This openness also provides developers with a backup option to safely and securely export their data. > Don't trust, verify. ### **Join the Movement** We're currently building out OpenSecret, and we invite you to join us on the journey. Our platform can work with your existing stack, and you can pick and choose the features you need. If you want to build apps with encryption enabled, [send us a message to get early access.](https://opensecret.cloud) Users and companies deserve better encryption and privacy.\ Together, let's make that a reality. [](https://opensecret.cloud)

@ 55e343e6:880acd1b

When we consider the intrinsic value of Bitcoin, we often compare it to traditional currencies like the dollar, euro or other fiat currencies. However, the dollar isn't real in the sense that it's not physical. It's more of an abstract concept backed by government trust rather than tangible assets. Take, for example, valuing a horse in ancient China, where silver was the standard. If we knew how much silver was in a "tael" - an ancient Chinese measure of weight - we could truly grasp the economic value of horse in that era. Similarly, in ancient Rome around 44 BCE, you might ponder how much a gladiator's armor cost in denarii. What's a denarius? But if we knew how much gold was in a denarius, we'd have a clear measure of its worth. Both these examples from history illustrate that value was once tied to tangible assets like gold or silver, rather than abstract numbers. Bitcoin's value, therefore, isn't best captured by its price in dollars because dollars aren't physical, they're more like abstract entries in a ledger. Instead, Bitcoin's true "price" should be measured by the physical work, or energy, represented by its hash rate - the computational power used to mine each block. A hash isn't just a digital number; it's a measure of energy consumption, giving us a more concrete indication of Bitcoin's cost in real terms. At Bitcoin's creation with the genesis block, the hash-to-satoshi ratio was about 1 (0.8 to be precise), highlighting the minimal computational complexity required for early mining. Now, with mining difficulty at around **109.78 trillion**, and having undergone three halvings (2^3 = 8), this ratio has jumped to approximately **702 trillion hashes per satoshi**. This is calculated as: - **Current Mining Difficulty** x 0.8 (the initial hash rate) x 8 (due to three halvings) = 109.78 trillion x 0.8 x 8 = approximately 702 trillion hashes per satoshi. This calculation overlooks the additional revenue miners gain from transaction fees, which, while significant, does not drastically alter the fundamental relationship between hashes and satoshis in this simplified model. **Why Hashes Over Dollars?** - **Energy as Currency**: Just as silver in ancient China or gold in Rome was a measure of wealth due to their scarcity and the effort involved in mining them, Bitcoin's value can be seen through the energy it consumes. Mining Bitcoin means solving complex mathematical problems, requiring vast amounts of energy. This energy use is directly proportional to the number of hashes performed. - **Security and Trust**: The hash rate symbolizes the security of the Bitcoin network. The higher the number of hashes needed to mine a block, the more secure the network is against attacks, much like the security derived from the rarity and difficulty of mining gold or silver. - **Decentralization and Proof-of-Work:** Unlike the geographical and economic centralization inherent to gold or silver mining, Bitcoin's mining operates on a fundamentally decentralized model, with computational resources distributed globally. Each hash performed in the proof-of-work process reinforces the blockchain's security, ensuring the immutability and trustworthiness of transactions while mitigating the risks of single points of failure or centralized control. - **Inflation and Scarcity**: Just as gold or silver's value was influenced by their scarcity during ancient times, Bitcoin's value in hashes reflects its programmed scarcity in the modern digital era. With a cap at 21 million bitcoins, each hash becomes more significant as the network grows, mirroring how each ounce of gold or silver was once precious in ancient economies. A hash represents a tangible physical process, consuming energy to be generated. Therefore, it's more insightful to express Bitcoin's value in terms of hashes per bitcoin—comparing the computational effort and energy expended in mining to the Bitcoin rewards earned through that process. While Bitcoin is frequently evaluated in terms of its dollar price, its intrinsic value is more accurately reflected in the metric of hashes per bitcoin. This measure encapsulates the computational effort and energy expenditure required for mining, underscoring Bitcoin's unique nature as a digital asset intrinsically tied to tangible, real, and energy-based costs. By anchoring its valuation to the immutable principles of thermodynamic expenditure, Bitcoin transcends the transient and inflationary characteristics of fiat currency, aligning its worth with the enduring physicality of energy—whether from the labor-intensive extraction of ancient minerals or the vast computational networks powering modern cryptographic systems.

@ f88e6629:e5254dd5

- Send a transaction, and the recipient uses the coin for another payment. You then merge these two transactions together and save on fees. 🔥  If you have a Trezor, you can try this out on: https://coiner-mu.vercel.app/ _But be cautious. This is a hobby project without any guarantee._ <img width="1772" alt="Screenshot 2025-01-08 at 20 14 17" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/36412edb-9c62-4c5f-8f82-b41c118a3aa6" /> ## How does it work? 1. Connect Trezor, enter the passphrase, and select an account. 2. The application display your coins, pending transactions, and descendant transactions. 4. Then app shows you how much you can save by merging all transactions and removing duplicate information. 5. Finally, you can sign and broadcast this more efficient transaction

@ a0c34d34:fef39af1

I feel fabulously free, I deleted TikTok. I am spending less time on my phone and more time developing Onboard60. I never expected to go from the Metaverse to A.I. healthcare and NFCC medical bracelets. I was on Vine, Twitter back in 2009… I went from 8 second nonsensical videos and funny tweets to diving deeper down any rabbit hole I ever imagined. In 2016, I heard a little noise about Bitcoin and I haven’t gotten off the rollercoaster of a merry go round yet. If you know, you know. I found Nostr awhile ago but I’m no maxi, I’m curious. I learned about different things pertaining to blockchain and cryptocurrency, social media and protocols. I kept journals of my fears and conferences I experienced and published them as my first years behind the scenes of a senior citizen diving deep into the unknowns. Someone had to tell me I was a senior citizen. I’m 64 now , that was four years ago. Since then I took a crazy idea and started Onboard60. I created a curriculum for myself. For years I have learned a variety of subjects. I took the basics and made a cliff note booklet - Web3 1101 for Seniors. I didn’t want to be left behind so I learned Spatial and created an auditorium, an art gallery and an office. It was my attempt to get senior citizens involved to connect with their grandkids in virtual reality like Roblox. Over the years, I’ve written articles on Substack sharing my journey, and sporadically posted on Zentaurios. I remember writing on YakiHonne when I first discovered it. Onboard60 has become more than what I ever thought it would be, as I started just sharing my journey in hopes others would join me. I hoped senior citizens would be interested in learning how to put their trust funds, H.O.A.s, POLSTs and other senior citizen documents on chain. The past four years, nothing until I speak of medical bracelets. I do not mention BitDoctor AI or mirrors that do body scans. Bracelets, I speak bracelets. The focus is to keep senior citizens up to date with new technologies that focus on improving their quality of life. Finding YakiHonne again is refreshing. The esthetics clean, seemless cross posting, and better options for posting. Soft landing. I have learned a lot over the years, experiencing this space becoming , watching protocols grow, some platforms fizzle, creating a new world isn’t easy. I’m enjoying being a mermaid in Monniverse community on Farcaster, not Farcaster itself but enjoy being a mermaid. Monniverse is a decentralized animation production company. I’m learning how to use the image generator and like the global reach. I have compromised on so many social media sites just to be on them. I still frequent Twitter Onboard60, and have my old Vine group on Instagram. I spend time on Lens mostly. I use traditional media to share Onboard60 - LinkedIn and YouTube for Onboard60. I am creating a digital replica of all the information, subjects, videos, content that I created as Onboard60. I hope to keep it updated as times goes forward. I’m going to use my guide to IRL events at Blockchain Miami in a few weeks, WAGMI MIAMI. After so many conferences and events, I had to write down a step by step how to get through these and follow up after. They can be overwhelming and I needed a way to decompress. My guide helps me. I seem to be rambling. I don’t have a purpose or any value to share with this article, I just wanted to share my thoughts for now, walking into 2025. Sandra ,Samm,Sababa Onboard60, founder

@ 23b0e2f8:d8af76fc

## **Necessário** - Um Android que você não use mais (a câmera deve estar funcionando). - Um cartão microSD (opcional, usado apenas uma vez). - Um dispositivo para acompanhar seus fundos (provavelmente você já tem um). ## **Algumas coisas que você precisa saber** - O dispositivo servirá como um assinador. Qualquer movimentação só será efetuada após ser assinada por ele. - O cartão microSD será usado para transferir o APK do Electrum e garantir que o aparelho não terá contato com outras fontes de dados externas após sua formatação. Contudo, é possível usar um cabo USB para o mesmo propósito. - A ideia é deixar sua chave privada em um dispositivo offline, que ficará desligado em 99% do tempo. Você poderá acompanhar seus fundos em outro dispositivo conectado à internet, como seu celular ou computador pessoal. --- ## **O tutorial será dividido em dois módulos:** - Módulo 1 - Criando uma carteira fria/assinador. - Módulo 2 - Configurando um dispositivo para visualizar seus fundos e assinando transações com o assinador. --- ## **No final, teremos:** - Uma carteira fria que também servirá como assinador. - Um dispositivo para acompanhar os fundos da carteira.  --- ## **Módulo 1 - Criando uma carteira fria/assinador** 1. Baixe o APK do Electrum na aba de **downloads** em <https://electrum.org/>. Fique à vontade para [verificar as assinaturas](https://electrum.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gpg-check.html) do software, garantindo sua autenticidade. 2. Formate o cartão microSD e coloque o APK do Electrum nele. Caso não tenha um cartão microSD, pule este passo.  3. Retire os chips e acessórios do aparelho que será usado como assinador, formate-o e aguarde a inicialização.  4. Durante a inicialização, pule a etapa de conexão ao Wi-Fi e rejeite todas as solicitações de conexão. Após isso, você pode desinstalar aplicativos desnecessários, pois precisará apenas do Electrum. Certifique-se de que Wi-Fi, Bluetooth e dados móveis estejam desligados. Você também pode ativar o **modo avião**.\ *(Curiosidade: algumas pessoas optam por abrir o aparelho e danificar a antena do Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, impossibilitando essas funcionalidades.)*  5. Insira o cartão microSD com o APK do Electrum no dispositivo e instale-o. Será necessário permitir instalações de fontes não oficiais.  6. No Electrum, crie uma carteira padrão e gere suas palavras-chave (seed). Anote-as em um local seguro. Caso algo aconteça com seu assinador, essas palavras permitirão o acesso aos seus fundos novamente. *(Aqui entra seu método pessoal de backup.)*  --- ## **Módulo 2 - Configurando um dispositivo para visualizar seus fundos e assinando transações com o assinador.** 1. Criar uma carteira **somente leitura** em outro dispositivo, como seu celular ou computador pessoal, é uma etapa bastante simples. Para este tutorial, usaremos outro smartphone Android com Electrum. Instale o Electrum a partir da aba de downloads em <https://electrum.org/> ou da própria Play Store. *(ATENÇÃO: O Electrum não existe oficialmente para iPhone. Desconfie se encontrar algum.)* 2. Após instalar o Electrum, crie uma carteira padrão, mas desta vez escolha a opção **Usar uma chave mestra**.  3. Agora, no assinador que criamos no primeiro módulo, exporte sua chave pública: vá em **Carteira &gt; Detalhes da carteira &gt; Compartilhar chave mestra pública**.  4. Escaneie o QR gerado da chave pública com o dispositivo de consulta. Assim, ele poderá acompanhar seus fundos, mas sem permissão para movimentá-los. 5. Para receber fundos, envie Bitcoin para um dos endereços gerados pela sua carteira: **Carteira &gt; Addresses/Coins**. 6. Para movimentar fundos, crie uma transação no dispositivo de consulta. Como ele não possui a chave privada, será necessário assiná-la com o dispositivo assinador.  7. No assinador, escaneie a transação não assinada, confirme os detalhes, assine e compartilhe. Será gerado outro QR, desta vez com a transação já assinada.  8. No dispositivo de consulta, escaneie o QR da transação assinada e transmita-a para a rede. --- ## **Conclusão** **Pontos positivos do setup:** - **Simplicidade:** Basta um dispositivo Android antigo. - **Flexibilidade:** Funciona como uma ótima carteira fria, ideal para holders. **Pontos negativos do setup:** - **Padronização:** Não utiliza seeds no padrão BIP-39, você sempre precisará usar o electrum. - **Interface:** A aparência do Electrum pode parecer antiquada para alguns usuários. Nesse ponto, temos uma carteira fria que também serve para assinar transações. O fluxo de assinar uma transação se torna: ***Gerar uma transação não assinada &gt; Escanear o QR da transação não assinada &gt; Conferir e assinar essa transação com o assinador &gt; Gerar QR da transação assinada &gt; Escanear a transação assinada com qualquer outro dispositivo que possa transmiti-la para a rede.*** Como alguns devem saber, uma transação assinada de Bitcoin é praticamente impossível de ser fraudada. Em um cenário catastrófico, você pode mesmo que sem internet, repassar essa transação assinada para alguém que tenha acesso à rede por qualquer meio de comunicação. Mesmo que não queiramos que isso aconteça um dia, esse setup acaba por tornar essa prática possível. ---

@ 16d11430:61640947

The Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) is a cornerstone of modern financial theory. It suggests that markets are so good at processing information that asset prices reflect all available data at any given moment. According to this theory, it is nearly impossible to consistently "beat the market" through strategies based on publicly available information, as the market price already incorporates it. The EMH can be categorized into three levels of efficiency: 1. Weak Form Efficiency: Prices reflect all historical price and volume data. 2. Semi-Strong Form Efficiency: Prices reflect all publicly available information, such as news, earnings, and economic data. 3. Strong Form Efficiency: Prices reflect all information, both public and private, including insider knowledge. While there is ongoing debate about the extent to which markets are truly efficient, the EMH helps explain how financial systems evolve to allocate resources toward the most efficient and reliable assets. --- What Does Efficiency Mean for Markets? In practical terms, efficiency means that markets naturally favor assets that perform the job of "money" or "store of value" better than alternatives. An efficient market rewards assets that are: Reliable: Stable in terms of supply and value over time. Accessible: Easily transferred and exchanged with minimal friction. Secure: Resistant to loss or manipulation. Predictable: Free from arbitrary external interference or inflationary policies. When applied to money and investments, market efficiency drives a gradual move toward assets that better fulfill these criteria. This is where Bitcoin enters the picture. --- Why Bitcoin Fits the Criteria for Efficiency Bitcoin is fundamentally different from fiat currencies like dollars, euros, or yen. It is not controlled by any central authority, government, or corporation. Instead, it operates on a decentralized, transparent network governed by unchangeable rules coded into its system. This unique setup gives Bitcoin characteristics that align strongly with market efficiency: 1. Fixed Supply and Predictability Unlike fiat currencies, which can be printed in unlimited quantities by central banks, Bitcoin has a hard cap of 21 million coins. This makes it immune to inflation caused by excessive money printing—a common issue with fiat currencies. Markets tend to favor assets with predictable supply, as it allows for better long-term planning and investment. 2. Global Accessibility Bitcoin can be sent and received anywhere in the world without relying on banks or financial intermediaries. This level of accessibility makes it far more efficient than traditional systems, where cross-border transactions often involve delays, fees, and exchange rate fluctuations. 3. Security and Decentralization Bitcoin's decentralized network ensures that no single entity can control or manipulate it. Transactions are verified by a global network of computers, making it one of the most secure financial systems ever created. This resilience appeals to markets looking for stability and reliability. 4. Efficiency in Value Transfer Traditional financial systems rely on a chain of intermediaries, each adding costs and delays to transactions. Bitcoin operates on a peer-to-peer basis, allowing value to be transferred directly between parties with minimal fees and no intermediaries. Over time, this efficiency reduces friction in the global economy. --- Why Markets May Gravitate Toward Bitcoin If markets are truly efficient, they will naturally gravitate toward assets that best serve the needs of participants. Bitcoin's unique combination of scarcity, security, accessibility, and efficiency positions it as a strong contender for this role. Here’s why: 1. Store of Value: Just as gold has historically been a trusted store of value due to its scarcity, Bitcoin offers a digital alternative with even greater predictability and portability. 2. Hedge Against Inflation: With central banks around the world printing money at unprecedented rates, Bitcoin provides a way to protect wealth from the erosion of purchasing power caused by inflation. 3. Global Asset: Bitcoin is not tied to any specific country or economy. It functions as a truly global asset, making it an attractive option in an increasingly interconnected world. --- A Transition, Not a Revolution For those accustomed to fiat currencies, the idea of Bitcoin replacing traditional money may seem far-fetched. But history shows that markets evolve over time to adopt superior systems. Gold gave way to fiat currencies as global economies expanded and required more flexibility. Bitcoin, in turn, offers a solution for the digital age—a system that combines the best properties of money with the efficiencies of modern technology. This doesn't mean Bitcoin will replace fiat overnight. Instead, it suggests that over time, markets will allocate more resources toward Bitcoin as its advantages become clearer. As more individuals and institutions adopt it, Bitcoin's role in the financial system will grow, reflecting its status as an efficient and reliable asset. --- Conclusion: Bitcoin and Market Efficiency The Efficient Markets Hypothesis tells us that markets are driven by information and efficiency. Bitcoin, with its fixed supply, decentralization, and global accessibility, embodies these principles better than traditional fiat systems. While the journey toward widespread adoption may take time, the market’s natural inclination toward efficiency suggests that Bitcoin could play an increasingly central role in the global economy. It’s not just a technological innovation—it’s a reflection of what happens when markets seek the most efficient tools to meet their needs.

@ b6b617bf:50f58f1c

I listened to Natalie Brunell's Coin Stories recently released pod with Jeff Booth last night and am once again finding myself having to develop new thinking about the world and specifically about how this world will look in the future (built upon/in the Bitcoin System).....and I gotta just say - I like what I come up with! I feel like it takes a lot to recognize that the "System" we all currently live in/on is just that....a system we built, that allows us to communicate with each other in a manner that is conducive to not just our continued existence but that actually allows us to flourish and grow as a species/organism.... Maybe this is where some of Jason Lowery's "Softwar" comes into the mix for me as well....but if we really get out of our heads....and drop our ego's....and recognize that we are nothing but animals attempting to live on a this planet that we just happen to be on...then I think it becomes a little easier to think about the "Systems" we have built for ourselves and how we can change them.... This is the beauty of what Bitcoin is....isn't it? It is a program/protocol that was written, which enables us to communicate with each other in a manner that is decentralized, secure, and open to all of us. Which allows us to verify the information being communicated as being tied to real energy/output of the sender. Hence allowing us to "send" that energy/output to the future through space with minimal data/value loss, which (as we measure from our old system) looks like it is actually becoming more valuable when in reality it is simply not being "stolen" or "taxed" or "corrupted" at the rates of everything else we have built to date to communicate value to each other. When I look at Bitcoin in this manner - it makes me so....so....so....bullish and hopeful about the future. It allows me to realize that we will get to a much better spot within our world....we are winning.... All succesful systems built upon/within the Bitcoin System - simply are better than all things built upon/within FIAT systems....and this isn't to say that those systems were not valuable....as they got us to where we are today....it is simply to say that those same systems....when they are de-FIAT-ized and are instead built with Bitcoin as their underlying base protocol layer....will be better. They simpy will be more fair, more respectful, more forward thinking than most things we currently have. And in case you are thinking...I don't believe it, or this guy is off his rocker....or no way Bitcoin changes "human behavior" or greed.... Think about this.... I am building a business, accepting Bitcoin in which I share in future price appreciation of Bitcoin with my customers.... This is a system that is better because of Bitcoin - I can do it because of Bitcoin....and if I can do it....why can't you? Why can't every major business out there? (They can't because their focus is based within the wrong system) but.... as more people like me, build their businesses on Bitcoin and their focus shifts to measuring their success from the Bitcoin eco-system....we will continue to grow and succeed and work with each other in a more cooperative manner vs. being extractive and predatory. Stay humble and Stack sats! originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/849657

@ 6bae33c8:607272e8

I viewed the Rams as a sleeper heading into the playoffs with a young, aggressive front, a top coach and a Hall of Fame level quarterback, so I was pleased to see them roll last night. The other issue I had was I traded away Sam Darnold in my QB-flex (we’re adding the position for 2025) RotoWire Dynasty League for Aaron Rodgers (because Darnold and Patrick Mahomes had the same bye), and I was aghast to see Darnold go crazy in the second half of the year. That and my long-standing (and thus-far validated) view that then Giants GM (widely hated by midwit stat dorks) Dave “The Gettlechad” Gettleman made the right pick with Saquon Barkley at 1.2 over Darnold. (Obviously Josh Allen and Lamar Jackson would have been much better picks, but most of those turbo-nerds thought they were projects and would have surely gone with Darnold (or maybe even Josh Rosen.) So to see Darnold have such a great year, though so did Saquon, albeit at a lesser position, was disconcerting. If the Vikings win in Detroit last week and make a Super Bowl, let alone win it, so much of my Darnold mockery is undone. (Realize Darnold is seven-years into his career on a fourth team, but still.) But the Darnold of the Jets I know and love reared his head the last two weeks, and especially in this game. Even the announcers were killing him for holding the ball so long it was like the spirit of Danny Dimes was playing through him. So this result was gratifying both for the Dynasty League — Darnold is no longer a locked-in starter next year wherever he winds up, and even if he gets the shot, the leash will be much shorter, and the environment will be much worse — and also the Barkley-Darnold comparison. I would love to see the Eagles win the Super Bowl on Barkley’s back, as he runs for 200 yards and gets the game MVP. (I actually think the Eagles might lose this week to the Rams, but whatever.) It might sound petty to be cheering on Darnold’s demise for a $50 entry fee league and an old argument only I still care about, but NFL football is a zero-sum game. If Darnold can’t hack it someone else gets a shot. If he can hack it, someone else is blocked. It’s not better or worse for it to be Darnold or someone else. And Darnold played well enough this year, he’ll almost certainly get another shot even if he isn’t viewed as the Vikings franchise going forward. It also makes you wonder how much of Kirk Cousins was the favorable environment too. - Stafford is as good a pocket passer as anyone in the league. He knows when to get rid of it, he checks it down when he needs to and he has good awareness in the pocket. It would be awfully rough if the Rams make it to Detroit for the conference title game, and Stafford takes down the best team they’ve ever had. - The Rams really took Justin Jefferson out of the game. It was a smart gameplan against the Vikings, but getting so much pressure also helped, even if they got a big assist from Darnold. - The Vikings ran the ball too much in the second half. I get it with the pass rush getting after Darnold, but every time they handed it to Aaron Jones it was time off the clock they couldn’t afford. - The Rams kept mixing in pass plays even with a big lead. I like this — they didn’t go into a shell, and getting first downs runs clock better than three-and-outs. - Remember the Rams also beat the Bills this year. Playing in Philly will be tough conditions, and the Eagles defense is good, but this is a very live dog.

@ cf7ed325:050194cf

Embark on an unforgettable journey aboard the [Steigenberger Minerva Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Steinberger-Minerva-Nile-Cruise), where luxury meets timeless exploration. This elegant vessel offers a perfect blend of modern amenities and traditional Egyptian charm, ensuring an unparalleled travel experience as you sail between Luxor and Aswan. The Steigenberger Minerva Nile Cruise features spacious cabins with panoramic views, a sun deck with a refreshing pool, and a gourmet restaurant serving delectable international and local cuisines. Whether you're marveling at the temples of Karnak or exploring the Valley of the Kings, every moment on this cruise is steeped in history and wonder. For those seeking alternative luxury experiences, consider the [Movenpick Sunray Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Movenpick-Sunray-Nile-Cruise), known for its exceptional service and stylish design. The [Oberoi Zahra Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Oberoi-Zahra-Nile-Cruise) and [Oberoi Philae Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/oberoi-nile-cruise-philae) offer an intimate and exclusive ambiance, perfect for discerning travelers. The [Movenpick Hamees Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Movenpick-Hamees-Nile-Cruise) combines comfort and affordability, making it a popular choice among Nile explorers. If you prefer a classic touch, the [Movenpick Lotus Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Movenpick-louts-Nile-cruise) and the [Movenpick SS Misr Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/moevenpick-ss-misr-steamer-nile-cruise) deliver a unique blend of heritage and luxury. The [Farah Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/MS-Farah-Nile-Cruise) is another excellent option, offering modern sophistication and personalized service. For a regal experience, the [Sonesta Nile Goddess Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Sonesta-Nile-Goddess-Cruise-tours), [Sonesta Sun Goddess Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/sonesta-sun-goddess-nile-cruise), [Sonesta Star Goddess Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Sonesta-Star-Goddess-Nile-Cruise), [Sonesta Moon Goddess Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Sonesta-Moon-Goddess-Nile-cruise), and [Sonesta St. George Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Sonesta-St-George-Nile-Cruise) provide opulent accommodations and exceptional itineraries. Adventurers might opt for the [Jaz Regent Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Jaz-Regent-Nile-Cruise), known for its lively atmosphere, or the [Blue Shadow Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Blue-Shadow-Nile-Cruise) and [Blue Shadow IV Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Royal-Esadora-Nile-Cruise), both offering contemporary luxury. Finally, the [Movenpick Royal Lily Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Movenpick-Royal-Lily-Nile-Cruise) and [Movenpick Darakum Nile Cruise](https://www.etbtoursegypt.com/tour/Movenpick-Darakum-Nile-Cruise) cater to travelers seeking comfort and elegance. Choose the Steigenberger Minerva Nile Cruise for an unforgettable voyage, or explore these other remarkable cruises to create memories that last 🌐 Visit us at www.etbtoursegypt.com 📲 Contact us now! +20 10 21100873 📧 Email: info@etbtours.com 🏢 Company Address: 4 El Lebeny Axis , Nazlet Al Batran , Al Haram, Giza , Egypt

@ b8851a06:9b120ba1

Starting in January 2025, the EU’s MiCA regulation enforced strict KYC requirements, especially for Bitcoin transactions over €1,000 between exchanges and self-hosted wallets. While this creates new challenges, there are still legitimate ways to protect your privacy and maintain control over your Bitcoin. ## Effective Privacy Solutions 1. Take Control with Self-Custody • Run Your Own Node: This ensures you’re not relying on third-party servers, giving you full control of your transactions. • Use Fresh Addresses: Always generate a new address for each transaction to keep your activity private and harder to trace. • Choose the Right Wallets: Use wallets like #Sparrow or #Wasabi, which let you connect directly to your own node for added privacy (check if there are any legal cases against any wallet before you use one.). 2. Leverage the Lightning Network • Keep Transactions Off-Chain: Lightning lets you make payments without broadcasting them to the blockchain. • #Onion Routing for Privacy: This hides your payment path, protecting both you and the recipient. • Hard-to-Trace Payments: With multiple hops between nodes, tracking transactions becomes nearly impossible. 3. Smarter Transaction Habits • Keep Channels Open: By leaving your #Lightning payment channels open, you minimize on-chain activity. • Use Public Channels Wisely: Multiple public channels provide plausible deniability. • Go Private with Unannounced Channels: For maximum privacy, consider private payment channels. ## How to Implement These Tools 1. Setting Up the Lightning Network • Privacy-First Funding: When funding your channels, use methods like #CoinJoin to enhance privacy. • Better Receiver Privacy: Use tools like #Voltage Flow 2.0 for added anonymity when receiving payments. • Stay on Top of Channel Management: Properly manage your payment channels to avoid privacy leaks. 2. Strengthen Your Operational Security • Avoid Reusing Addresses: Reusing the same wallet address makes it easier to trace your transactions. • Separate Public and Private Transactions: Keep identified funds and private wallets completely separate. • Use Tor or VPNs: Always use privacy tools like Tor or a #VPN when accessing Bitcoin wallets or services. ## Staying Safe 1. Legal Awareness • Mind the Limits: Be cautious with transactions over €1,000, as they’ll trigger reporting requirements. • Peer-to-Peer Freedom: Transactions between unhosted wallets remain outside #MiCA ’s reach, so direct transfers are still an option. • Check Local Rules: Privacy tool regulations vary between countries, so make sure you’re up to speed on what’s allowed where you live. 2. Practical Safeguards • Double-Check Everything: Always verify wallet addresses before sending funds to avoid costly mistakes. • Stay Updated: Keep your wallets, nodes, and security tools current with the latest updates. • Keep Offline Backups: Store your recovery phrases and backups somewhere secure and offline. #Bitcoin #privacy isn’t automatic—it takes effort and vigilance. But by following these steps, you can stay in control of your financial freedom even in an increasingly regulated world. Stay informed, make smart decisions, and build habits that protect your privacy. Disclaimer: This post is for educational purposes only and is not financial, legal, or investment advice. The tools and techniques shared here are not meant to help anyone break the law or avoid regulations. You’re responsible on complying with local laws and consult legal professionals if you’re unsure about anything. The goal is to inform and empower you to take control of your privacy responsibly. Stay safe and stay free.

@ fbf0e434:e1be6a39

# **Hackathon 总结** [Hack49](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/hack49-2024)汇聚开发者创造了42个创新项目来解决全球挑战。该活动于10月19日至10月21日举行，鼓励参与者开发在废物管理、医疗错误以及隐私和数据保护方面的解决方案。值得注意的提交项目包括提升医院安全的集成系统、数据安全平台以及可持续废物处理技术。参与者以最多四人为一组或独立工作，通过GitHub仓库和demo视频展示他们的工作。 大奖获得者除了获得额外的现金奖励、3D打印机和导师指导机会外，还获得主题奖项。项目评选在每个主题内单独进行，每个类别中的前三名均获得奖励。在NeuroTech领域表现突出的作品获得特别认可，获奖者获得技术套件以便进一步探索。 Hack49的协作环境得到了行业专家、导师和评委的支持，促进了思想交流和创新。这一全球运动旨在激发具有现实世界影响的技术解决方案，强调解决关键社会挑战的承诺。 # **Hackathon 获奖者** ### **Medical Errors Prize Winners** - [TickleSense](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17817): 一种在手术中进行实时神经监测的非侵入性解决方案，利用EEG数据和神经网络实现超过92%的准确率。它包括一个提供实时反馈的web应用程序，可无缝集成到手术室中。 - [ALI](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17822): 一款通过分析语音模式来改善老年痴呆症检测的AI驱动工具，提供移动应用程序进行持续的认知健康监测，旨在减少诊断错误。 - [Surge Stitch](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17827): 一种自动缝合系统，使用一种非侵入性的“皮肤外胶合绳”技术来增强伤口闭合精度，从而显著减少手术并发症和恢复时间。 ### **Privacy Prize Winners** - [Olach](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17821): 一款以隐私为中心的笔记应用程序，将数据存储在本地，并计划通过AES加密和可选的云备份来增强安全性。 - [SafeSearchAI](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17836): 一种AI驱动的搜索引擎，专注于隐私，利用K-匿名和AI增强搜索结果来提供安全的浏览体验。 - [FishAlert](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17845): 一种实时诈骗检测工具，提供语音到文本转换和AI生成的回复，以提高通话时的在线安全性。 ### **Waste Management Prize Winners** - [Hydroscan](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17809): 一种基于物联网的水污染监测系统，使用传感器和基于云的平台进行实时水质评估和早期污染检测。 - [FixFinder](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17823): 一种社区驱动的电子废物解决方案，使用AI诊断手机问题，通过本地市场促进维修以减少环境影响。 - [Greenify](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17829): 一款AI驱动的应用程序，通过图像分析提供环保餐食替代方案，鼓励可持续饮食习惯。 ### **Overall Prize Winners** - Hydroscan - TickleSense - ALI ### **NeuroTech Prize Winners** - TickleSense - ALI - [Baseline](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17834): 一种神经技术工具，通过EEG数据监测外科医生的疲劳，并提供实时警报以提高手术环境中的性能和安全性。 访问[此链接](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/hack49-2024/buidl)查看所有项目。 # **关于组织者** ### **Hack49 Global** Hack49 Global致力于培养一个全球性的建设者社区。该组织因其协作倡议而闻名，强调科技领域内的包容性和创新性。通过支持开发者、工程师和技术爱好者的重要项目和活动，Hack49 Global推进赋能全球创造者的使命。组织通过一个强大的知识共享和联网平台，始终站在技术进步和协作的前沿。欲获得更多信息，请访问他们的[网站](https://www.hack49.com/)。

@ fbf0e434:e1be6a39

# **Hackathon 总结** [LazyHacks 2024](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/lazyhacks) hackathon 是由高中生为同龄人组织的一次活动，聚焦于“懒惰”这一独特主题，以激发创造力和合作精神。该活动吸引了开发者参与，共提交了21个项目。团队由1-4名高中生组成，不包括组织者或导师，但允许外部建议以提升项目成果。 参与者在多个奖项类别中竞争。总体奖项包括 AULA 机械键盘、鼠标和 COCONISE 游戏麦克风。教育类奖项为 Rocketbooks 及附赠的笔和国家美术馆门票。居家类别奖项提供多功能床头灯和 Room Escape Ottawa 门票，初学者奖项为 JBL Go 4 扬声器。 评判标准侧重于创新和问题解决，与活动主题一致。LazyHacks 2024 成功促进了年轻开发者间的协作，鼓励趣味和奇思妙想，同时增强社区意识。hackathon 为年轻人才展示技术解决方案和创新项目提供了平台。 # **Hackathon 获奖者** LazyHacks 2024 展示了以简化日常生活为中心的多样创新项目。高中生展现了在各个类别的技能，并通过以下奖项得到了认可： ### **Overall Prize Winners** - [Slay In A Snap](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20533): 一款时尚科技应用，通过机器学习和图像遮罩提供虚拟衣橱和服装可视化，推进可持续性。同时关注于慎重的时尚选择和包容性，尽管遇到技术挑战。 ### **Beginner Prize Winners** - [Sloth Clock](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20519): 一款提高生产力的工具，利用虚拟宠物，结合番茄钟、待办事项清单和日历功能，通过维护宠物健康促进任务完成。 ### **Education Prize Winners** - [T2M (Talk 2 Me)](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20535): 通过语音命令简化 AI 互动，将语音转换为文本，使用 Gemini AI API，并支持多种编程语言以实现有效的用户参与。 ### **At-Home Prize Winners** - [LazyReps](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20521): 通过 Movenet Single Pose Lightning Model 追踪健身房重复动作以提高效率，并使用 Google Sheets API 进行数据记录。该项目使用 React.js 和 FastAPI 开发。 欲了解所有项目的全面情况，请访问 [LazyHacks Buidl](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/lazyhacks/buidl)。 # **关于组织者** ### **LazyHacks** LazyHacks 是一个以“懒惰”为主题的 hackathon，由高中生为同龄人策划。它倡导创造力、创新和协作，鼓励一种共享和放松的心态。自诞生以来，LazyHacks 有效地将年轻思想聚集在一起，其口号为“Hack Smarter, Not Harder!” 强调团队合作和创新问题解决。该项目为参与者展示技术开发技能提供了平台，同时激励未来创新者挑战规范并探索科技领域的新理念。欲了解更多信息，请访问 [lazyhacks.ca](https://www.lazyhacks.ca/)。

@ ed84ce10:cccf4c2a

# **Hackathon Summary** [Hack49](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/hack49-2024) hosted developers who created 42 innovative projects addressing global challenges. The event, held from October 19 to October 21, encouraged participants to develop solutions in waste management, medical errors, and privacy and data protection. Notable submissions included integrated systems for enhancing hospital safety, data security platforms, and sustainable waste processing technologies. Participants formed teams of up to four or worked individually, presenting their work through GitHub repositories and demo videos. The grand prize winners were awarded additional cash bonuses, 3D printers, and mentorship opportunities, alongside theme-specific awards. Projects were evaluated separately within each theme, with the top three entries in each category receiving awards. Special recognition was given to outstanding work in the NeuroTech field, with winners receiving technology kits for further exploration. Hack49's collaborative environment was supported by industry experts, mentors, and judges, facilitating idea exchange and fostering innovation. This global movement aimed to inspire technological solutions with real-world impacts, underscoring a commitment to addressing critical societal challenges. # **Hackathon Winners** ### **Medical Errors Prize Winners** - [TickleSense](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17817): A non-invasive solution for real-time nerve monitoring during surgeries, utilizing EEG data and neural networks to achieve over 92% accuracy. It includes a web app for real-time feedback and seamless integration in operating rooms. - [ALI](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17822): An AI-driven tool improving Alzheimer's detection through speech pattern analysis, offering a mobile app for ongoing cognitive health monitoring to reduce diagnostic errors. - [Surge Stitch](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17827): An automated suturing system utilizing a non-invasive "on-skin gluing strings" technique to enhance wound closure precision, significantly reducing surgical complications and recovery times. ### **Privacy Prize Winners** - [Olach](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17821): A privacy-centric note-taking app that stores data locally and plans to enhance security with AES encryption and an optional cloud backup. - [SafeSearchAI](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17836): An AI-powered search engine focusing on privacy, employing K-anonymity and AI-enhanced search results for secure browsing experiences. - [FishAlert](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17845): A real-time scam detection tool offering speech-to-text conversion and AI-generated responses to enhance online safety during calls. ### **Waste Management Prize Winners** - [Hydroscan](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17809): An IoT-based water pollution monitoring system using sensors and cloud-based platforms for real-time water quality assessments and early pollution detection. - [FixFinder](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17823): A community-driven e-waste solution with AI diagnostics for smartphone issues, promoting repairs through a local marketplace to reduce environmental impact. - [Greenify](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17829): An AI-driven application that provides eco-friendly meal alternatives via image analysis, encouraging sustainable eating habits. ### **Overall Prize Winners** - Hydroscan - TickleSense - ALI ### **NeuroTech Prize Winners** - TickleSense - ALI - [Baseline](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/17834): A neurotechnology tool monitoring surgeon fatigue through EEG data, providing real-time alerts to enhance performance and safety in surgical environments. Visit [this link](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/hack49-2024/buidl) to explore all projects. # **About the Organizer** ### **Hack49 Global** Hack49 Global is committed to fostering a worldwide community of builders. Known for its collaborative initiatives, the organization emphasizes inclusivity and innovation within the tech space. By supporting developers, engineers, and technology enthusiasts through significant projects and events, Hack49 Global advances its mission to empower creators globally. The organization remains at the forefront of technological progress and collaboration through a strong platform for knowledge sharing and networking. For more information, visit their [website](https://www.hack49.com/).

@ 141daddd:1df80a3f

I started my move back to Russia in 2019, when my son was born. I understood that I didn’t want to live in Canada because of what was happening there. And while some of my acquaintances stayed to fight the fight or moved out temporarily to acquire knowledge, capital, and strength to eventually come back and make Canada great again, I didn’t particularly feel doing it because I wasn’t born in the country and didn’t grow too attached to it. I don’t generally grow attached to things anyway. Russia was an obvious choice because I was born there, I have some family and friends there, and I assumed it wouldn’t take me long to adjust quickly. My Latin American wife, my son, and I were warmly met by my mother in the old small city where I grew up (2 hours away from Moscow) and accommodated in a house that was actually mine on paper. So we had a place to live right away, which was good. Our own water well, a gas tank to power the stove. We only had to pay for electricity, the internet, and snow cleaning in winter. I bought a car to move us around, and our Russian life started. I won’t spend time here describing the material side of life in Russia as I did that in my previous article. Straight to business. And business was what I wanted to do, and preferably something not connected to bitcoin brokerage — for that, I’d have to live in Moscow. So I started looking for opportunities and experimenting. As usual, I hated overthinking and preferred to act. ## Virgin Lands As I was fully consumed by the idea of building a “citadel” at the time, the first thing I did was purchase land. It was initially 9 hectares and has now grown into ~30 hectares (~74 acres). It was basically virgin lands far enough for anybody to bother me but close enough to a federal highway to be able to get anywhere quickly. Right away, I decided that we would build our paradise and live there. There was no master plan, of course. Just whatever I felt like. During the process, my opinions, plans, designs, and wants changed. The first couple of objects were a small farm compound where we would have pigs, chickens, ducks, sheep, bulls, and a cow. I wasn’t going to farm myself, so we hired a couple from Tajikistan to be our farmers and gardeners. But they had to live somewhere on the premises, so the next project was a little house for them. It only took a month because my construction crew was good at building wood-frame buildings. Finally, we started working on our own home. It turned out to be a fairly big stone house, though a little disharmoniously looking due to the lack of a proper project (again) and constant changes during construction. As soon as our house was ready, we moved to the village. It was exciting, and we liked the challenges that we were facing. There was a lot of room: both inside the house and outside. Living in a large house surrounded by vast land that is all yours is quite a feeling. You won’t get it in a city. But we were rarely alone: the farmers and the construction crew were with us almost daily. Farm animals made some noises, too.  ## The Farm Having our own farm was a great experience. Our own meat, eggs, milk, and everything that came with it — we tried it all. As I said, I’m no David Beckham, so I had people helping with those things as I wanted to do something else with my time instead of feeding, cleaning shit, milking, slaughtering, etc. The division of labor, you know. But even when labor was divided and people were paid and well taken care of, things were often done badly or not done at all. Workers changed or were replaced, but the quality of work wasn’t good: as soon as we stopped supervising or micromanaging, things would go awry. I must add that no Russian would take this job, so only immigrants from Central Asia were available. As time went by, I got pissed off more and more and really started valuing the work of professional farmers: it’s very difficult, and they deserve praise. In my mind, the division of labor had to go to the next level: actual farmers would produce food, and I would buy it from them. Dead simple, a lot cheaper, and way less headache. The result is that we have only chickens left at this point as they are the easiest to take care of (even children can do it), and it’s nice to collect 15-20 fresh eggs daily. No more farming!  ## Plants as a Business One of the construction guys, whose name is also Yuri, mentioned that his wife and he had experience growing and selling seedlings. They knew this trade almost from childhood but had to land to start with. I had land, but not much was going on there besides the aforementioned activities. That was a match! Fast forward to today, I have a plant nursery on my land managed by these two people. Yuri mostly stays on the premises and manages day-to-day operations while his wife does sales in the city. We started small-ish and have already worked for two seasons. The second season saw a 100% increase in sales, which tells me that the prospects for this business are good. Indeed, if you think about it, plant seedlings are always in demand: private gardeners, landscapers, and even the government needs them for its reforestation efforts. At this point, we do a little bit of everything, but I already want to niche down. Decorative plants seem like a good way to go because they can mostly be multiplied by cutting; no grafting is required (few people know how to do grafting properly) — fur-trees, pines, junipers, thujas, cedars, and some non-evergreen deco trees and bushes. The first several seasons we will mostly sustain ourselves by reselling, but my plan is to become a producer. That’s why we have already started working on our own planting material. In the future, we will need large professional gas-powered greenhouses, work stations, machinery, haul-truck driveways, etc. I never thought I’d be involved in a plant business, but here I am. It may take a few years before it becomes really profitable (for now, all receivables must go back into business), but I’m ready to wait and see it grow year by year. Low time preference.  ## Building Buildings As I was having my house built, I really got into the process. Seeing an empty plot of land and pile of bricks (in my case, concrete blocks) turn into a building that I can touch and later live in was a really good feeling. I had a crew and a bit of capital to play with, so why not try here, too? Well, there are reasons why not. As I mentioned, labor shortages are a problem. Good specialists are rare. While my core team was competent enough (they had built a lot in the past and had been recommended to me), we still had to hire additional help for routine tasks. And those were no good. Russia is now in turbulent times, so construction material prices were also growing like crazy. You can start with one rate and, by the end of the project, you understand that you aren’t likely to see the same prices again. As the central bank key rate continued rising, you could hardly rely on mortgage buyers to sell the project, so you had to wait for cash buyers, which made the sale process longer than I was ready to wait. Altogether, we built two houses: one stone and one wood-frame. I sold the first one and moved my mom to the second one. My mom is happy. I’m more experienced. No more construction!  ## Kinder Surprise! When the war started in February 2022, we got stuck in Mexico because all the flights were canceled. We had to spend an extra month vacationing. At the time, we were already thinking of what to do with the two children we had in terms of their pastime. We would only consider a good private kindergarten, but there were none in our city. So, either out of boredom or wanting to be first at something where we lived, we decided to open a private kindergarten. Our nanny, who had professional education and had worked in municipal kindergartens before, was excited about the idea. She ran the thing. We didn’t want to do everything from scratch, so I looked for a franchise. The search wasn’t long; I found one quickly. We signed the contract, and the process started. The commercial real estate market wasn’t that good in our city, so we leased a space that would later prove to be unfitting with an even less fitting owner. But we did our best to prepare it for the launch, and the franchise representative helped a lot. We operated for 1.5 years. Our children actually loved it, and so did the clients and their kids. Multiple reviewers called it the best kindergarten in the city, and it was objectively so. So what went wrong? Firstly, it was simply unprofitable. Our city is not that big, and not many people were willing or able to pay the fee. Our clients were mostly businessmen and people from Moscow who worked remotely (and earned Moscow salaries). In Moscow, such private nurseries are profitable because of virtually unlimited traffic. In our case, we had to fight for each client. Secondly, the business itself that the franchise sold us was in the grey area. In Russia, kindergartens have to get an educational license, and that involves a lot of bureaucracy (the one thing I hate the most). But the franchise had told us we didn’t need one; we just needed to carefully word our offer. It may have worked in some of their locations, but it wasn’t destined to work in ours. One day, the regional prosecutor’s office employees, along with members of other agencies, showed up with an unexpected inspection and did what such people do best. As a result of the inspection, we got some minor fine as well as a ruling that our business was illegal because it was unlicensed. For me personally, this was the last drop in the bucket, so I made the decision to shut down as fast and easily as I had previously decided to open. No more kindergarten!  ## Glamorous Camping The plant nursery, a successful venture so far, is located at the entrance of my plot and will likely spread all around as we develop it. But at the end, there’s a nice parcel adjacent to a forest. It’s somewhat remote and peaceful. When the war started, Russians found it hard to travel abroad, so they began exploring Russia itself, boosting internal tourism. I wanted to take advantage of it and dedicated the quiet parcel to a small glamping site. Glamping stands for “glamorous camping”: comfortable guest houses with all the amenities you’d find in a city apartment but located in nature. My master plan includes 5 guest houses of different sizes, a banya (Russian sauna), a BBQ area, a pond, a sports playground, and whatever else we can think of down the road. All of it surrounded and mixed with beautiful decorative plants that we grow ourselves. Well, that’s the plan. Right now, we have 3 guest houses, a banya, and a pond. And it works! Totally seasonal, of course, but when the season hits, there’s plenty of work. Looking forward to seeing how the place will turn out in 3-5 years. Yes to glamping!  ## Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop As you see, only 2 projects have proven to be the right choice. But I had to try. That’s how I roll: in my lone-wolf life, experience is my greatest teacher. No mentors or even idols to look up to, just my own desire to learn through radical action. What I wanted was to do something unrelated to bitcoin. I did. Now, I think I may need to go back to the industry I loved and still love. We are now in a warmer place since my Latin American wife can’t get used to the Russian winter. And who knows, we may stay here a bit longer than we thought. The Russian business is well taken care of; it can be managed remotely. As for me, I will take it easy for now, rest from chasing butterflies, and probably tend to my inner garden so that butterflies come to me on their own eventually. I can’t stop doing things, but I want to learn to do them differently this time. Onward!

@ ed84ce10:cccf4c2a

# **Hackathon Summary** The [LazyHacks 2024](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/lazyhacks) hackathon, organized by high school students for their peers, took place with a unique focus on the theme of "laziness" to inspire creativity and collaboration. The event brought together developers to submit 21 BUIDLs. Teams consisted of 1-4 high school students, with restrictions excluding organizers or mentors; however, external advice was permitted to enhance project outcomes. Participants competed for prizes across several categories. The overall prize included an AULA Mechanical Keyboard, Mouse, and COCONISE Gaming Microphone. The education prize featured Rocketbooks with additional pens and National Art Gallery tickets. An at-home category prize offered a Multi-use Bedside Lamp and Room Escape Ottawa tickets, and the beginner prize provided a JBL Go 4 Speaker. Judging criteria focused on innovation and problem-solving, aligning with the event's theme. LazyHacks 2024 successfully fostered collaborative efforts among young developers, encouraging both fun and ingenious solutions while promoting a community-oriented mindset. The hackathon served as a platform for young talent to present technological solutions and innovative projects. # **Hackathon Winners** LazyHacks 2024 showcased a variety of innovative projects centered around simplifying daily life through technology. High school participants displayed their skills across various categories, with notable achievements recognized through the following awards: ### **Overall Prize Winners** - [Slay In A Snap](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20533): A fashion-tech app promoting sustainability by providing a virtual wardrobe and outfit visualization through machine learning and image masking. Despite technical challenges, it stands out for mindful fashion and inclusivity. ### **Beginner Prize Winners** - [Sloth Clock](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20519): A productivity tool featuring a virtual pet, integrating Pomodoro, to-do list, and calendar functionalities to encourage task completion through pet health maintenance. ### **Education Prize Winners** - [T2M (Talk 2 Me)](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20535): Simplifies AI interaction via voice commands by converting speech to text, utilizing the Gemini AI API, and supporting multiple programming languages for effective user engagement. ### **At-Home Prize Winners** - [LazyReps](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/20521): A tool to improve gym efficiency by tracking repetitions with the Movenet Single Pose Lightning Model and using the Google Sheets API for data logging. It is developed using React.js and FastAPI. For a comprehensive view of all projects, visit [LazyHacks Buidl](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/lazyhacks/buidl). # **About the Organizer** ### **LazyHacks** LazyHacks is a hackathon emphasizing the theme of "laziness," organized by high schoolers for their peers. It promotes creativity, innovation, and collaboration, encouraging a shared, relaxed mindset. Since its inception, LazyHacks has effectively brought together young minds with the motto "Hack Smarter, Not Harder!" emphasizing teamwork and innovative problem-solving. The initiative provides a platform for participants to showcase their technological development skills while inspiring future innovators to challenge norms and explore new ideas within the tech space. For further information, visit [lazyhacks.ca](https://www.lazyhacks.ca/).

@ 10fe3f70:3489c810

#nostr #nostr_writer #review #beginner #obsidian #anytype #contract_drafting #agreenent_drafting #lawyer #law #contract #agreement #learn #education #plugin #telegram #wordpress #yakihonne #primal #damus ## How and Why I found Nostr? I teach contract drafting. That is [who I am](https://njump.me/npub1zrlr7uxqxnx3ppmsee2ncw393m6qhpsk9msws2pgm04f6dyfeqgqysp2qj). To teach the subject I maintained few websites through self-hosted [Wordpress](https://wordpress.org). I faced numerous challenges despite spending money on hosting, domain and whatnot. I do not have any technical background. So, you can understand my frustration when my websites kept disappearing due to hacking. I always put a brave face and started afresh. I used Microsoft Word, Power Point, and Obsidian to draft my posts and lessons. So, I had some backups. Thankfully, I also did post some of the training sessions on my [youtube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@Contract_drafting). Checkout my previous post for link to the [Youtube Playlist](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUx4vOXTq5CyNPZjy0zk9z9BQdVJkqke_&si=iEBKBsaCOFgN26of). Since, I teach for free, every time my websites were hacked, it pained me to see the bad side of human race. I was not hurting anyone, spending my own money, still someone unknown to me, for whatever reasons, could stop my mission. I started empathising with the belief in the internet being dysfunctional and still being beyond reach of common man. Then I found some hope, when around a year or so earlier, I found [Anytype](https://anytype.io). A simple app, the everything app, which promises anonymity, security from data breach, and a promise to share ones thoughts publicly with the others soon via web. Although some of its features (e.g. option to self host) are little bit technical for me, I still have high hopes. It is similar to Obsidian, yet way more than that. I could use either [Obsidian](https://obsidian.md) or [Anytype](https://anytype.io) for writing and publishing my data on web. So, I recently surrendered to the idea of using one of Obsidian's plugins to publish my content. These provide the option to publish your obsidian notes on web through sub-domain. One that I used before was [Obsius Plugin](https://github.com/jonstodle/obsius-obsidian-plugin). But, secretly I also wished want more. I wished to maintain my same anonymous profile I have on [Telegram](https://t.me/CONTRACT_DRAFTING). I have a dedicated student base on Telegram. So, I wanted them to easily find me or atleast my content on a new platform. I also wanted to stop spending more money, or at least save some by spending less. And, voila! I came across Nostr unexpectedly through [Obsidian](https://obsidian.md) and found a Plugin [Nostr Writer](https://github.com/jamesmagoo/nostr-writer) by [James](https://github.com/jamesmagoo). I was looking for a simple method to host my blog posts and lessons on contract drafting. And, I found much more.... If you have some other compelling reasons, as Marc, do read his piece on why he is on Nostr - [Why I'm on Nostr?]([https://highlighter.com/a/naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzph68s45y080zdd9g8sdacnd6kcd4ejpwrgcju2eghjq45y4f28n8qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8qunfd4skctnwv46z7qgwwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkctcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qq8hw6re945k6tt0dckkummnw3eq7dj2z0](https://highlighter.com/a/naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzph68s45y080zdd9g8sdacnd6kcd4ejpwrgcju2eghjq45y4f28n8qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8qunfd4skctnwv46z7qgwwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkctcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnswf5k6ctv9ehx2ap0qq8hw6re945k6tt0dckkummnw3eq7dj2z0)) ## What did I find? After going through the Nostr Writer](https://github.com/jamesmagoo/nostr-writer) documentation on Github, I searched for Nostr and found [NOSTR.COM](https://nostr.com). As expected, it took me some time to understand the concepts of Public and Private Keys, Clients, Relays and so on. But, within 2-3 days, I found that this was just a SMALL TIP of a HUGE ICEBERG, yet to be show it's full potential. My most sincere thank you to its creator, and to people who spend time explaining it and making it AWESOME. #### **NOSTR's CONCEPTS** If you want to READ ABOUT NOSTR's CONCEPTS, you can go through the following: 1. [Intro by Nostr's founder-FLATJAF](https://fiatjaf.com/nostr.html) 2. [NOSTR Website](https://nostr.com)] 3. [NOSTR Guide](https://nostr.how/en/what-is-nostr) I also went through almost each and every youtube video I could find on Nostr onboarding and much more. Although, these are very few, I found each one of them to be very useful. I have listed some of these below. #### Nostr Onboarding videos My most sincere thank you to each of the creators (), who took time to explain the onabording by various methods. 1. By Ares - [how to get started with Nostr on mobile](https://youtu.be/uwRvBXd0hGY) - 3 minutes approx 2. By Castig- [How to get started on Nostr](https://youtu.be/Czkv54pQfTI) - 7 minutes approx 3. By Max Demarco- [Create your Nostr Account- Beginnner Tutorial](https://youtu.be/kifwECtwjJQ) - 18 minutes approx 4. By Nostr World - [Nostr for Beginners w/ Derek Ross](https://youtu.be/NVm_jGdwTjQ) - 37 minutes approx 5. By 88 Sats Radio- [how to get started on Nostr](https://youtu.be/DOShMOgsCvg) - 48 minutes approx I suggest every beginner must watch all of these videos, create as many accounts you need, and do it until you understand the whole Idea. This is just the beginning of what to come. So, do not stop using Nostr. In fact refer to friends and family and ask them to join. #### **Bonus of Nostr** You can get paid in Bitcoins! Without spending a dime!! Yes, you read it correct. All you need to do is have a lighting wallet. I leave it to you explore for now. I am still reviewing the payment structure. So, I will write about how to use this feature later. Meanwhile I suggest, you go through [BTC Session's Youtube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@BTCSessions) to learn more about bitcoins, wallets, zaps/sats, lighting, etc. #### What else do you need? Pretty much you have the basics if you did everything suggested above. If you have a question, you can ask someone within any of the Nostr Clients. ### NOSTR CLIENTS I am experimenting with following Nostr Clients (apps to read your notes, pictures, and long form content) on my apple devices on web. Damus Primal Yakihonne ### NOSTR APPSTORE You can find many more clients at [GetAlby's App Store](https://getalby.com/discover) [Nostr App Store 1](https://nostrapp.link) [Nostr App Store 2](https://nostrapps.com) So, Good luck to you and *Happy Nostring* **Only the Human Imagination is the limit of what you can do with Nostr** If you liked this article, share it with your friends.

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/849569

@ f584256e:c8d47907

Once upon a time in a small town, there lived a little girl named Lily. Lily was a cheerful and playful child, but when it came to eating, she always made a fuss. Every mealtime turned into a challenge for her parents, as Lily would cry and make trouble, refusing to eat anything on her plate.  Her parents tried everything to make Lily enjoy her meals. They prepared delicious and colorful dishes, told her stories, and even played her favorite music. However, Lily remained stubborn and insisted on not eating. Days turned into weeks, and Lily's parents grew worried about her health. They took her to the doctor, hoping to find a solution. The doctor, a wise and friendly woman, suggested a magical idea to Lily. She told her about a special food fairy who would visit children when they ate their meals with a happy heart. Intrigued by the idea of a food fairy, Lily decided to give it a try. The next mealtime, instead of crying, she smiled and took a small bite. To her surprise, a tiny, glittering fairy appeared on her plate. The food fairy giggled and exclaimed, "Hooray! You're eating with joy!"  From that day forward, Lily embraced each meal with enthusiasm. The food fairy continued to visit, bringing a sprinkle of magic to every bite Lily took. Lily's parents were overjoyed to see their daughter enjoying her meals and growing stronger every day. The moral of the story is that eating is an essential part of growing up, and approaching it with a positive attitude makes it a delightful experience. So, children, remember to be like Lily and welcome your meals with a happy heart. You never know when the food fairy might pay you a visit!

@ 42eadcce:f17bb9e2

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@ a012dc82:6458a70d

**Table Of Content** - The Timeless Appeal of Real Estate - Bitcoin: The Digital Gold - The Broader Investment Landscape: A Case Study of Instacart - Conclusion - FAQs In the dynamic realm of investments, the spotlight often shifts between various assets, each promising lucrative returns and stability. Recently, two contenders, real estate and Bitcoin, have been at the forefront of discussions. Both have their proponents and critics, making the choice between them a complex one. Drawing from the insights of Marcel Pechman on Episode 29 of Macro Markets, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of these two investment avenues. **The Timeless Appeal of Real Estate** Real estate, often referred to as 'brick and mortar', has been a cornerstone of wealth accumulation for centuries. Its tangible nature and the intrinsic value of land have made it a favorite among investors. **Stability Amidst Challenges** Despite facing headwinds like rising mortgage rates, which have led to stagnant demand, the real estate market remains resilient. The current average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage interest rate is 7.27%, causing a decline in both refinancing and home purchase applications. Yet, Pechman believes that the specter of inflation could push house prices upwards, offering potential gains for property owners. **Historical Reliability** Throughout history, especially during economic downturns, real estate, particularly urban residential properties, has proven to be a reliable store of value. Even when markets fluctuate, the intrinsic value of land and property often remains intact, providing a safety net for investors. **Bitcoin: The Digital Gold** Bitcoin, often dubbed as 'digital gold', has emerged as a revolutionary asset in the financial world. Its decentralized nature and potential for high returns have attracted a new generation of investors. **A New Kind of Reserve** Pechman highlights Bitcoin's potential to serve as a transparent reserve system. Unlike traditional currencies, Bitcoin can be used by banks and nations to issue digital assets backed by Bitcoin, without the need for a vast user base. This positions Bitcoin uniquely in the crypto space, differentiating it from other cryptocurrencies that rely heavily on user growth and transaction fees. **Transparency and Security** One of Bitcoin's standout features is its transparent ledger system, the blockchain. This ensures that all transactions are recorded and can be audited, offering a level of security and transparency that's hard to match. Compared to precious metals, which can pose auditing challenges, Bitcoin provides a clear and transparent store of value. **The Broader Investment Landscape: A Case Study of Instacart** To understand the broader shifts in the investment world, Pechman's analysis of Instacart's valuation is enlightening. The company's initial public offering was valued at around $10 billion, a significant drop from its peak valuation of $39 billion. This highlights the volatility and challenges in the venture capital space, suggesting a potential shift in investor priorities. **Seeking Reliability** The Instacart case underscores the importance of reliability in investments. In an uncertain economic climate, investors are increasingly looking for assets that offer stability and long-term growth, be it in traditional avenues like real estate or emerging ones like Bitcoin. **Conclusion** The tug-of-war between real estate and Bitcoin is bound to continue as both assets have their unique strengths. While real estate offers tangible value and historical reliability, Bitcoin promises transparency, security, and a new paradigm of financial operations. As the global economic landscape evolves, astute investors will likely find value in diversifying and including both these assets in their portfolios. **FAQs** **What makes Bitcoin a notable investment?** Bitcoin offers transparency, security, and the potential to serve as a transparent reserve system for banks and nations, positioning it uniquely in the crypto space. **What insights does the Instacart valuation provide?** Instacart's valuation highlights the challenges in the venture capital space and suggests a potential shift in investor priorities towards more reliable assets. **Is diversification between real estate and Bitcoin recommended?** While both assets have unique strengths, diversifying and including both in investment portfolios can offer a balanced approach in the evolving economic landscape. **Why is Bitcoin dubbed as 'digital gold'?** Due to its decentralized nature, potential for high returns, and its role as a store of value similar to gold, Bitcoin is often referred to as 'digital gold'. **That's all for today** **If you want more, be sure to follow us on:** **NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com** **X: [@croxroadnews](https://x.com/croxroadnewsco)** **Instagram: [@croxroadnews.co](https://www.instagram.com/croxroadnews.co/)** **Youtube: [@croxroadnews](https://www.youtube.com/@croxroadnews)** **Store: https://croxroad.store** **Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter** **https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe** *DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.*

@ b6424601:a11e4ff4

In a world where homes are increasingly valued by their size and room types rather than their functionality and authenticity, it's time to rethink how we design and build houses. [A Pattern Language](https://www.patternlanguage.com/bookstore/pattern-language.html), written by Christopher Alexander in 1977, offers a timeless approach to architecture that prioritizes human needs and experiences. Architects and homeowners can use this classic work as a pre-fiat reference to learn about principles to create functional, authentic, and meaningful homes. The principles can be used to create homes that are worth HODLing. How would your grandmother use this space? [Muir,](https://muirstewart.com/) my favorite Scottish professor in architecture school, asked this question. Besides, have you boys ever seen a pint of Guinness Stout? In Alabama in the last century, a pint of Guinness did not exist, and the idea of writing your name in the head with a fountain pen to see it at the bottom of the glass was even before our time.  Planning spaces for how your grandmother used them sent us at Jones Pierce down the rabbit hole of designing for humans and not the current fashions of that day. This led my baby architect tribe to A Pattern Language, written in 1977, and [A Timeless Way of Building,](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Timeless_Way_of_Building) written by Christopher Alexander in 1979. Alexander and graduate students researched and documented their projects over eight years to create Patterns that individuals and groups could use as a shared pattern language to design for themselves and their communities. A Pattern Language and the Timeless Way of Building were open source before there was open source. The books outline a process meant to be used by the people and groups designing their own spaces utilizing a collection of shared patterns combined to solve the design problem of their site, built for their unique needs. Now, I look back and wonder if the book's conception to enable people to design their own authentic spaces, neighborhoods, and towns was the self-design guide it was intended for or if it was a reaction to inflation that began to kick in in the early 70s. Were Alexander and the crew trying to provide a lifeline as housing products decreased in quality? You know how architects are…they probably thought the layperson did not know how to build meaningful spaces. Maybe when the erosion of fiat currency started, it was not allowing people to consider affording meaningful space. To prepare for the coming time when hard assets will once again enable people to build authentic architecture, it is worth reconsidering the Patterns used from a time before fiat. Interestingly, Pattern Language and the Timeless Way process use patterns to create personal architecture based on sound money. Structures are designed mindfully, developed organically, and built to last. In other words, *architecture on a bitcoin standard*. From my own professional experience working with clients, I have seen that, given a choice, people always choose the most interesting space that best aligns with their needs in the best community they want to afford. The patterns for design (from Pattern Language) are still relevant as a starting point to build with hard money assets again - bitcoin. These patterns are baked into our process of working with clients at Jones Pierce, and I want to share some of the relevant patterns from the book with my commentary on how they have evolved from the 70s until today to create homes worth HODLing. **Patterns for the Site** Analyzing the site and site patterns is the most critical first step for homes worth HODLing. We want to end the practice of "ready, aim, fire" - when the builder makes their well-considered opening move by calling the Grading Guy to clear a building site. Features came with your property as part of the price of the land; take a breath and figure out how to capture the most potential of your property to create a building site. These are some of the patterns essential to us: *104: Site repair* – Locate building sites on parts of the land in the worst conditions, not the best. Be a contrarian and locate a house on the edge of a flat spot to create quality outdoor spaces the house can open to. *105: South facing outdoors* – Locate buildings in a place to allow indoor/ outdoor transitions to happen to the south. If south is not possible, East works for morning outdoor spaces, and west works for afternoon spaces if you can protect the outdoor spaces from the heat. *112: Entrance transitions* – In The Pattern Language, this pattern is about an urban entrance oƯ the street into the building. We apply the pattern to capture the total use of properties. Define the entrance to the property to visually claim the space to use the entire front yard for your benefit and not just the HOA's. *134: Zen view* - Analyze the site for Zen view potential to orient windows and spaces to connect space beyond the house's walls visually. This pattern works well with site lighting to extend your night view beyond the window's glass. On more significant sites, we analyze for opinions and work out places to capture the money shot for essential rooms. We also think about creating smaller Zen-view moments that happen continuously while living in the house. Why not make a surprise view through a slot window when brushing your teeth? *168: Plan to connect buildings to the earth*—Use paths and gardens throughout the building to blur the line between the future building and gardens. To accomplish this blur, we study the site topography to ensure that the construction will not create an oversized kill zone caused by grading a house in the wrong spot. *177: Vegetable garden* – 1/40 acre per person for food production. It is even better when combined with *169 terraced slopes*, *170 fruit trees, 173 garden walls, 175 greenhouses,* and *178 compost.* When designing a custom home, the design thoughts extend to the property line. We like landscapes that have classic landscape organization with food production. Make your house a homestead to prepare for [The Mandibles, A Family, 2029 - 2047](https://www.amazon.com/Mandibles-Family-2029-2047-Lionel-Shriver/dp/006232828X) scenario if times get tough, or provide nutrient-dense food for your loved ones. **Patterns for the Building** We are attracted to patterns that provide a return on investment beyond money. How does a house footprint create outdoor space, have a rational roof plan, and let in natural light? Do the rooms function by following the sun around the house during the day? Can we use design to create a place to work, recover, entertain, and retreat? How can a house design allow an owner to transition through life phases in the same house? Can we save space and cost by function stacking to use the same space more than one way? Is there an opportunity to create rental income or a place to work on side gigs to convert more fiat to BTC? The following are some patterns we think about: *106: Positive outdoor space* - Use wings pattern 107 of light to create an L-shaped positive outdoor space. Designing homes that make outdoor spaces contrasts with building a square-shaped plan with a roof that does not relate to the plan we call a PILE… a pile of excrement, typically. *128: Indoor sunlight*—Morning beds, breakfast nook, kitchen, family and garden spaces, mid-day living spaces, and evening living, dining, and porch spaces. *136: Couples Realm*—Provide adult spaces away from kids' noise and access. Include a bed, sitting area, and dressing space in the Couple's realm. *141: A room of one's own*—Everyone in the house needs a personal space, such as an alcove, nook, or room. This is not on the appraisal sheet to determine value, but we ensure everyone, including kids, pets, and outside help, has a place to call their own. *143: Children's bed clusters* – Clustering beds happen for us in lake houses to let smaller houses sleep more guests. In a non-fiat house design, they can be a great way to save space if there is no bank to tell you there should be a certain number of bedrooms. Your kids may even grow to like each other by sharing a space. *146: Flexible workspace* – The patterns provided flexible workspace for working, which you could use for other uses when not working. For us, the pattern evolved to an idea of function stacking to provide additional uses. Space is expensive; use it twice. *153: Rooms to rent* – This is a function of asset architecture. Make some parts of the building rentable with outside entrances so the use of the space works flexibly either in the entire house or rentable. These spaces are also flexible, allowing uses for rentable accessory dwelling units (ADU), a teenager's cottage, boomerang kids, or multigenerational housing. *157: Maker's space* – Make a place in the home where hobbies and side gigs happen. Give the workshop a few hundred square feet off the street for owners to hang their shingles or rent to others. Some of our clients are first building “barndominiumns” to stage for construction and live on-site as construction on the main house happens. These spaces can become workspaces for personal use or rent after construction. *159: Light* – Light on two sides of every room. Some houses feel right when you walk in. We contend these spaces have windows on at least two walls. *163: Outdoor rooms*—Plan spaces beyond the building footprint to allow functions to flow indoors and outdoors. *181: The fire* – There is no substitute for places where fire and gathering happen, inside or out. *203: Child caves*—We like to create toy caves that become play spaces for young kids, trapping toys in the space rather than the living room. Adult caves are root cellars, wine cellars, or basement golf simulators. *204: Secret places*—The original pattern references a hidden place for precious objects and family history. We use this space for storm shelters, safe rooms, gun safes, and areas where precious stuff like your hardware wallet is hidden. **In Conclusion** Our architectural firm has stayed in touch with how quality homes are designed without fiat because our clients are older and mostly pay for projects with assets or cash. Our clients come to us as architects to help provide a non-cookie-cutter housing solution and are willing to pay for it, which we call architecture. Bitcoin may offer the opportunity for more people to build quality personal architecture backed by a sound money standard who can think longer term beyond the initial construction or sales price. More authentic architecture happened before fiat currency began, and the values were accepted when building with fiat. The values of the person on a personal BTC standard who wants or even needs to make a home to live in will wish for their home to be the best asset they can build to hold long-term value. We need to rethink house value to prepare for the opportunity to build with hard currency. The degrading products of the 50 years of fiat building may not be worth holding, nor store value on a bitcoin standard when we remove housing’s monetary premium. Architects can study past resources, like A Pattern Language, to help ourselves and clients remember what was important before fiat. In addition, we can develop new patterns to enhance the high-value design further. We chose clients willing to consider the house's total cost over time, not just the construction cost. We want clients to understand the opportunity that a well-considered home and spaces around the home can do for the quality of our lives, the people who will live in and experience the architecture for a long time, and the people who get to help create it. Our firm is working on organizing our process to service bitcoiners with less friction. We are creating a sister company to our 25-year-old firm focused on service products to help more people have a personal architecture in their lives. Our new company will operate on a Bitcoin standard to walk the walk so that we can compare the operation to our existing company. We believe the world is better when more people build things for the right reasons. We accept the mission to focus our work on creating houses worth HODLing. Bryan

@ c8adf82a:7265ee75

Trigger warning. Please have an open mind and I will open a perspective for you --- In this world, we are always told to follow our heart. Have you ever think deeply about this? You had your first love, didn’t you really love them? You defend them, you put them over your family. No mom he/she is not like that, you just don’t understand. And then you distance yourself from your mom, the person who gave you life. Your mom will tell you please take it slow, but you say no I love this person. This is the love of my life! Forty days later you cry because you got cheated on, and the only person that consoles you is your mom. What happened? I thought you loved that person? You gave everything, you love, and boom, you hate. Do you know why? Because you don’t know this verse: > *“The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?”* *> *Jeremiah 17:9 KJV* We are groomed by the prince of this world, satan, to follow our heart. This is why we are always volatile. Happy sad happy sad. This is why God records this verse in the Bible. He’s just like: “Hey guys, just so you know, this is your heart. You will never know it, so I record it here because I love you”. Sadly, we never read our Bible, so we don’t know the heart of God. And when we don’t know the heart of God, we can only trust our heart and we become easily deceived Let’s go deeper, what is the antithesis of God? Satan. What is satan’s objective? Deceive. How is he like? Cunning and deceitful. Does satan want you to kill? No. To hate? No. Satan just wants a lot of people to stay with him in hell when the world ends Aren’t you just walking around existing? You’re not striving, you’re not thriving, you’re just existing. Why? Because you trust your thoughts and feelings. Those that deceive you. Your problem isn’t empty or depression. Empty or depression doesn’t come from God. This is the characteristics of satan God compared our heart to the characteristics of satan. Satan is cunning and deceitful, we should never trust our heart because trusting your heart directly correlates with trusting and worshiping satan Satan never say worship me, satan says believe in yourself. Satan says worship yourself. Individualism, greed, pride, sloth, all deadly sins. Worship that! And when you follow that, you die

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

คุณลุงโฉลกย้ำว่าความสงบสำคัญมาก ถ้าใจเราสงบ เราจะมองเห็นโอกาสและความเสี่ยงได้ชัดขึ้น การลงทุนด้วยความโลภหรือกลัวมักทำให้ผิดพลาด แต่ถ้าใจนิ่ง เราจะมีวินัย ทำตามแผนที่วางไว้ ไม่ตื่นตระหนกตอนตลาดผันผวนและยังมองเห็นภาพใหญ่ในระยะยาวได้ดีขึ้นอีกด้วย !(image)[https://image.nostr.build/28aaa1b47c8c27e094989c1a3cca9db095a560c320ea18402d101d068c8f304a.png] ลุงโฉลกบอกว่า ความสงบไม่ได้หมายถึงแค่นั่งเฉยๆ ไม่มีเสียงรบกวน แต่มันคือ "ความนิ่งของจิต" ที่ไม่มีเรื่องวุ่นวาย ไม่มีความอยาก หรือความกลัวมารบกวนใจ ลุงบอกว่าเราต้องอาศัย "ศีล สมาธิ และปัญญา" เพื่อให้จิตสงบจริงๆ การรักษาศีลแบบที่ลุงพูดถึง ไม่ใช่แค่ทำตามกันไปเรื่อย แต่ต้องเข้าใจด้วย เช่น การไม่ฆ่าสัตว์เพราะเรารู้ว่าทุกชีวิตก็มีค่าเหมือนกัน การทำแบบนี้จะทำให้ใจเราโล่งขึ้น สบายใจขึ้น แล้วพอใจสงบ จิตก็จะนิ่ง เมื่อจิตนิ่ง เราจะเห็นทุกอย่างชัดขึ้น เช่น อะไรควรทำ อะไรไม่ควรทำ นี่แหละที่จะนำเราไปสู่ปัญญา ลุงเล่าเรื่องการให้ทานเล็กๆ น้อยๆ เช่น การทำบุญ 108 บาท ว่าทำไมถึงสำคัญ เพราะมันทำให้เราเริ่มจากจุดเล็กๆ ที่ใจเราเป็นกุศล พอเราให้ ใจเราก็จะรู้สึก "โล่ง" และนี่แหละเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของความสงบ บางคนถามว่า ถ้าไม่มีสมาธิมาตั้งแต่เกิดจะทำยังไง ลุงบอกว่า มันอาจจะมาจากกรรมเก่า แต่ไม่ได้แปลว่าแก้ไม่ได้ ทุกอย่างเริ่มได้จากวันนี้ ฝึกไปเรื่อยๆ เดี๋ยวก็ได้เอง ลุงบอกว่าความสงบไม่ใช่สิ่งที่ได้มาง่ายๆ มันต้องเริ่มจากสิ่งเล็กๆ ทำทีละนิด อย่างการให้ทาน การรักษาศีล หรือการทำสมาธิ ที่สำคัญคือความสงบไม่ใช่สิ่งที่ต้องไล่ล่า แต่เป็นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นเมื่อเราหยุดวุ่นวายไปกับความโลภ ความโกรธ และความหลง แค่นี้ก็พอแล้วที่จะสงบจริงๆ #CDCTalk Ep.22 ไล่ล่าหาความสงบ #Siamstr

@ 7ed5bd1c:4caa7587

# Bitcoin กับปริมาณที่จำกัด ในโลกที่เงินเฟ้อและการพิมพ์เงินอย่างไม่มีที่สิ้นสุดเป็นเรื่องปกติ Bitcoin กลายเป็นทรัพย์สินที่แตกต่างและน่าสนใจด้วยคุณสมบัติที่เรียกว่า "ความหายาก" หรือ Scarcity ซึ่งมีบทบาทสำคัญในการสร้างมูลค่าและความน่าเชื่อถือของมันในระยะยาว ## Hard Cap: ขีดจำกัดปริมาณ Bitcoin Bitcoin มีจำนวนจำกัดอยู่ที่ 21 ล้านเหรียญเท่านั้น และนี่ไม่ใช่เรื่องบังเอิญ แต่เป็นหลักการที่ถูกวางไว้ตั้งแต่การออกแบบโดย Satoshi Nakamoto ผู้สร้าง Bitcoin การจำกัดปริมาณนี้ถูกเขียนลงในโค้ดของ Bitcoin และไม่มีใครสามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงได้ ## ทำไมความหายากจึงสำคัญ? 1. **ป้องกันเงินเฟ้อ:** ในระบบการเงินแบบดั้งเดิม รัฐบาลและธนาคารกลางสามารถพิมพ์เงินเพิ่มได้อย่างไม่จำกัด ซึ่งนำไปสู่เงินเฟ้อและการเสื่อมค่าของเงิน แต่สำหรับ Bitcoin การจำกัดปริมาณทำให้ไม่เกิดเงินเฟ้อในระยะยาว 2. **สร้างมูลค่า:** เช่นเดียวกับทองคำที่มีจำนวนจำกัด ความหายากทำให้ Bitcoin เป็นที่ต้องการในฐานะทรัพย์สินที่เก็บมูลค่า 3. **การกระจายและการใช้งาน:** การมีจำนวนจำกัดกระตุ้นให้คนที่ถือ Bitcoin มองเห็นคุณค่าและใช้งานอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ไม่ใช่แค่เก็บสะสมไว้ ## ผลกระทบต่อมูลค่าในระยะยาว - **ความน่าเชื่อถือในฐานะทรัพย์สินที่เก็บมูลค่า:** ด้วยจำนวนที่จำกัด Bitcoin มีโอกาสที่จะกลายเป็น "ทองคำดิจิทัล" ที่ประชาชนทั่วโลกใช้เพื่อปกป้องทรัพย์สินของพวกเขา - **แรงขับเคลื่อนของตลาด:** ความต้องการ Bitcoin ที่เพิ่มขึ้นเมื่อเทียบกับจำนวนที่จำกัดทำให้มูลค่าของมันเพิ่มขึ้นในระยะยาว - **การเพิ่มมูลค่าผ่าน Halving:** ทุก ๆ สี่ปี รางวัลสำหรับนักขุด Bitcoin จะลดลงครึ่งหนึ่ง (Halving) ซึ่งเป็นการลดอัตราการผลิต Bitcoin ใหม่ ทำให้ความหายากชัดเจนยิ่งขึ้น ## บทเรียนจากความหายากของ Bitcoin Bitcoin ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงคริปโตเคอร์เรนซีแรกในโลก แต่ยังเป็นทรัพย์สินที่สร้างความมั่นใจในมูลค่าให้กับผู้ใช้งานทั่วโลกด้วยคุณสมบัติของความหายาก คุณล่ะ เชื่อว่าความหายากของ Bitcoin จะส่งผลต่อมูลค่าในอนาคตหรือไม่? ร่วมแสดงความคิดเห็นด้านล่าง!

@ 5579d5c0:db104ded

Weston A. Price was a Canadian dentist and researcher who, during the 1930s, studied traditional diets worldwide, and correctly linked nutrient-rich whole foods to optimal dental and overall health. His book, Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, remains one of the most important books ever written on health and one of my favourites. *Pictured: Cover of Weston Prices book Nutrition and Physical Degeneration* His research on indigenous populations around the world revealed a simple truth: human beings thrive on sunlight, nature and nutrient-dense, whole foods. When traditional lifestyles were replaced by artificial light environments (moving from the country to the city) and ultra-processed foods (refined flour, sugar, and industrial oils), physical degeneration followed. Crooked teeth, chronic disease, and weakened immunity became common. Sound familiar? ## What did Price get right about nutrition? Price's work showed that thriving societies shared common dietary foundations: - **Animal-Based Nutrition:** Every healthy population consumed some form of meat, fish, and nose-to-tail organ meats. These foods provided essential fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K2), minerals, and bioavailable protein. - **Seafood:** Coastal and island communities thrived on fish and shellfish, packed with DHA, iodine, and other critical nutrients for brain development and metabolic health. - **Nose-to-Tail Eating:** Nothing was wasted. Bones, marrow, organs, and connective tissue were all consumed, providing collagen, glycine, and minerals vital for strong bones, joints, and teeth. It didn't really matter what the rest of their diets were made up of, as long as they were whole foods, processed in the correct way. *Pictured: Left: Thriving on ancestral diets. Centre: Decline with modern diets. Right: The visible impact on children's health.* ## How Price's work breaks modern nutrition myths Price’s findings dismantle many of today’s nutrition myths that we see on social media everyday. - *Oats are bad?* Scottish islanders prepared them properly, without glyphosate. - *Fatty meat causes heart disease and cancer?* The Inuit lived on it, free from disease. - *Fruit is harmful?* Pacific Islanders consumed local and seasonal fruit and thrived. - *Unpasteurised milk will poison you?* The Massai lived on it (and still do). - *Sourdough bread will cause diabetes?* Swiss Villagers ate it regularly. - *Plants trying to kill you?* The Kikuyu ate a 90% plant based diet but included meat. I could go on and on here... If this challenges your perspective, it might be worth reflecting on how closely personal identity can become tied to dietary choices. Food is meant to nourish and be enjoyed, not followed like a rigid belief system. *\*If a particular diet is working for you please continue with it.* ## The missing piece of the puzzle While Price deeply understood the importance of ancestral diets, he overlooked one critical factor: **sunlight and time outdoors.** All of the healthy populations he studied lived naturally, outside, grounded, and in sync with the sun. This daily exposure to natural light regulated their circadian rhythms, increased vitamin D levels, and supported hormonal health. The absence of artificial light at night further protected their health. Today, some people eat well (most don't) but neglect this vital piece of the health puzzle. Sunlight, outdoors, and grounding complete the foundation Price started. *Pictured: Incredible physiques and facial bone structure of Australian Aborigine eating their traditional diet and in sync with nature.* ## Health shouldn't be complicated Modern nutrition and science has overcomplicated what we humans already knew for thousands of years. **Eat real food. Move outside. Embrace the sun. Limit artificial light.** Simple. Proven. Forgotten by fiat health. \- Chris Ready to reclaim health the way nature intended? Let’s talk. Book a free discovery call here: <https://calendly.com/hello-chrispatrick> *Further reading:* Cate Shanahan MD has an excellent book called 'Deep Nutrition' which explains in detail many of these concepts. <https://drcate.com/deep-nutrition-why-your-genes-need-traditional-food/> <https://www.ericdavisdental.com/facial-orthotropics-for-your-child/why-raise-unhealthy-children/how-our-ancestors-formed-full-faces-and-straight-teeth/> <https://www.drstevenlin.com/the-dental-diet/> <https://www.westonaprice.org/>

@ b8851a06:9b120ba1

In a world where sovereignty is supposedly sacred, a startling truth emerges: The United States' attempt to purchase Greenland has exposed how territories and their populations can still be viewed as tradeable assets in the 21st century. This investigation reveals the true scope of what could be the most audacious territorial acquisition since the Alaska Purchase of 1867. ## THE SOVEREIGNTY PARADOX When Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen declared "Greenland is not for sale," she inadvertently highlighted a crucial irony: Denmark's authority to reject the sale implies ownership of a territory seeking self-determination. Prime Minister Egede's recent accusation of Danish genocide over the 1960s forced contraceptive program adds a chilling historical context to this modern power play. ## THE REAL PRICE OF A NATION The initial estimates of $12.5-77 billion, calculated by former New York Fed economist David Barker, barely scratch the surface. The true cost approaches $2 trillion when factoring in: - Infrastructure development: $1.5 trillion - Annual subsidies: $775 million - Resident compensation: $5.7-57 billion - Environmental protection costs: Billions annually ## THE COLONIAL ECHO CHAMBER **HISTORICAL WOUNDS AND MODERN AMBITIONS** Trump's refusal to rule out military force against a NATO ally marks an unprecedented threat in post-WW2 diplomacy. Meanwhile, Donald #Trump Jr.'s "private visits" to Greenland, coupled with Denmark's pointed refusal to meet him, reveals the intersection of personal business interests and national security policy. ## THE RESOURCE SOVEREIGNTY EQUATION Beneath Greenland's ice lies an estimated $1.1 trillion in mineral wealth, presenting an alluring economic incentive. However, this potential wealth raises fundamental questions about resource sovereignty: **DEVELOPMENT COSTS** - 24 major development projects needed - $5 billion per project - 25-year implementation timeline - Current GDP: $3.236 billion **STRATEGIC RESOURCES** - Rare earth elements crucial for technology - 31.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent - Vast hydroelectric potential - Green hydrogen production possibilities ## THE ENVIRONMENTAL STAKES Greenland's ice sheet contains enough water to raise global sea levels by 23 feet. Climate change is rapidly transforming resource accessibility, while environmental protection costs would run into billions annually. This environmental transformation creates both opportunities and responsibilities: - Tourism sector potential: $450 million annually - Climate change monitoring costs - Environmental protection infrastructure - Indigenous land management rights ## THE GEOPOLITICAL CHESSBOARD **POWER DYNAMICS** The acquisition would fundamentally alter Arctic power structures: - #NATO alliance relationships - Chinese economic interests - Arctic Council voting power - Maritime shipping routes **THE CHINESE SHADOW** Denmark's 2017 intervention blocking Chinese acquisition of a former military base reveals Greenland's role in a larger geopolitical game. China's growing Arctic ambitions add urgency to American interests. ## THE MONARCHICAL DIMENSION King Frederik X's strategic modification of #Denmark 's royal coat of arms to emphasize Greenland ownership serves as a direct challenge to American ambitions, adding traditional power structures to modern sovereignty disputes. ## PROBABILITY AND RESISTANCE Current analysis suggests: - 60% chance of failure due to international opposition - 30% chance of diplomatic compromise - 10% chance of successful acquisition ## THE INFLATION FACTOR The purchase would trigger significant inflationary pressures through: - Massive fiscal expenditure in an already heated economy - Supply chain disruptions - Construction and development costs - Core PCE inflation impact - Federal Reserve policy complications ## LEGAL AND FINANCIAL HURDLES The acquisition faces numerous obstacles: - International maritime law complications - Indigenous rights considerations - Existing mining licenses - Danish sovereign debt obligations - NATO alliance implications ## THE SOVEREIGNTY SOLUTION The path forward likely lies not in purchase but in supporting Greenlandic self-determination. With only 56,000 residents, the per capita acquisition cost would be astronomical, but the human cost of ignoring sovereignty rights would be immeasurable. ## CONCLUSION: THE PRICE OF FREEDOM The true cost of purchasing Greenland extends beyond economics into the realm of human rights and dignity. As climate change transforms the Arctic landscape, the question isn't whether Greenland can be bought—it's whether territorial transactions should have any place in a world that claims to value self-determination. The convergence of colonial history, indigenous rights, and geopolitical ambitions in Greenland serves as a mirror to our times. While major powers still think in terms of territorial acquisition, the people of Greenland remind us that sovereignty isn't for sale. Their struggle for self-determination, caught between American ambitions, Chinese influence, Danish sovereignty, and their own independence aspirations, may well define the future of Arctic politics and indigenous rights in the 21st century. The most viable path appears to be enhanced economic partnership without formal territorial acquisition, possibly through a free association agreement following #Greenland 's potential independence. As the Arctic's strategic importance grows, this #nostr analysis becomes increasingly relevant for future policy considerations and global power dynamics.

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# China ## I might be wrong, but this is how I see it This is a post within a series I am going to call "I might be wrong, but this is how I see it" I have repeatedly found that my understanding of China is quite different from that of many libertarian-minded Americans. And so I make this post to explain how I see it. Maybe you will learn something. Maybe I will learn something. It seems to me that many American's see America as a shining beacon of freedom with a few small problems, and China is an evil communist country spreading communism everywhere. From my perspective, America *was* a shining beacon of freedom that has fallen to being typical in most ways, and which is now acting as a falling empire, and China *was* communist for about a decade, but turned and ran away from that as fast as they could (while not admitting it) and the result is that the US and China are not much different anymore when it comes to free markets. Except they are very different in some other respects. ## China has a big problem China has a big problem. But it is not the communism problem that most Westerners diagnose. I argue that China is no longer communist, it is only communist in name. And that while it is not a beacon of free market principles, it is nearly as free market now as Western nations like Germany and New Zealand are (being somewhat socialist themselves). No, China's real problem is authoritarian one-party rule. And that core problem causes all of the other problems, including its human rights abuses. ## Communism and Socialism Communism and Socialism are bad ideas. I don't want to argue it right here, but most readers will already understand this. The last thing I intend to do with this post is to bolster or defend those bad ideas. If you dear reader hold a candle for socialism, let me know and I can help you extinguish it with a future "I might be wrong, but this is how I see it" installment. Communism is the idea of structuring a society around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange, and the idea of allocating goods and services based on need. It eliminates the concept of private property, of social classes, ultimately of money and finally of the state itself. Back under Mao in 1958-1962 (The Great Leap Forward), China tried this (in part). Some 50+ million people died. It was an abject failure. But due to China's real problem (authoritarianism, even worship of their leaders), the leading classes never admitted this. And even today they continue to use the word "Communist" for things that aren't communist at all, as a way to save face, and also in opposition to the United States of America and Europe. Authorities are not eager to admit their faults. But this is not just a Chinese fault, it is a fault in human nature that affects all countries. The USA still refuses to admit they assassinated their own president JFK. They do not admit they bombed the Nord Stream pipeline. China defines "socialism with Chinese characteristics" to mean "the leadership of the Communist Party of China". So they still keep the words socialism and communism, but they long ago dropped the meanings of those words. I'm not sure if this is a political ploy against us in the West or not. ### China's Marketplace Today Today China exhibits very few of the properties of communism. They have some common ownership and state enterprises, but not much differently than Western countries (New Zealand owns Air New Zealand and Kiwibank and Kiwirail, etc). And there are private enterprises all over China. They compete and some succeed and some fail. You might hear about a real-estate bank collapsing. China has private property. They have mostly free markets. They have money, and the most definitely have social classes and a very strong state. None of that is inline with what communist thinkers want. Communist thinkers in China moan that China has turned away from communism. Deng Xiaoping who succeeded Mao and attempted to correct the massive mistake, did much when he said "to get rich is glorious." China achieved staggering rates of economic growth. 10% annually on average since 1977. Chinese economic reform started in 1979 and has continued through successive administrations (Deng, Jiang, Hu and now Xi). China is now the world's largest economy (by GDP in PPP terms) since 2016. I was first made aware of China's economic growth by Jim Rogers, an American commodities expert who travelled through China (and the rest of the world from 1990-1992) and in 2007 moved to Singapore where he ensured his daughters learned to speak Mandarin, because Jim knew where the economic growth was going to happen. Jim always spoke positively of China's economic prospects, and his view was so different from the "China is a nasty communist place" view that I had grown up with that my mind opened. How can anybody believe they are still a communist country? In what world does it make sense that communism can produce such a massively booming economy? It doesn't make sense because it is simply wrong. What *does* happen is that the CPC interferes. It lets the market do what markets do, but it interferes where it thinks oversight and regulation would produce a better result. Western nations interfere with their markets too. They have oversight and regulation. In fact some of China's planned reforms had to be put on hold by Xi due to Donald Trump's trade war with China. That's right, they were trying to be even more free market than America, but America's protectionism prodded Xi to keep control so he could fight back efficiently. Government oversight and regulation IMHO is mostly bad because it gets out of control, and there are no market forces to correct this. This gets even more extreme in a one-party system, so I can judge that China's oversight and regulation problems are very likely worse than those in Western nations (but I have no first hand experience or evidence). ## Why do you keep saying CPC? The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the ruling party in China. That is their official name. To call them the CCP is to concede to the idea that the British and Americans get to name everybody. I'm not sure who is right, since CPC or CCP is their "English" name (in Chinese it is 中国共产党 and Westernized it is Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng). Nonetheless, I'll call them CPC because that is their wish. ## Social Credit System China moved from a planned economy to a market economy in stages. They didn't want any more sudden changes (can you blame them?). In the process, many institutions that have existed in the West for a long time didn't exist in China and they had to arise somehow. IMHO market forces would have brought these about in the private sector, but the one-party CP of China instead decided to create these. One of those institutions was a credit score system. In the West we have TransUnion and Equifax that maintain credit ratings on people, and we have S&P, Moody's and Fitch that maintain credit ratings on companies. The domain of these ratings is their financial credit-worthiness. So the People's Bank of China developed a credit information database for it's own needs. The government picked up on the idea and started moving towards a National Credit Management System. In 2004 it became an official goal to establish a credit system compatible with a modern market system. By 2006 banks were required to report on consumer creditworthiness. But unchecked one-party governmental power will often take a good idea (credit worthiness data shared among private parties) and systematize it and apply it top-down, creating a solution and a new problem at the same time. Nonetheless, originally it was about credit worthiness and also criminal convictions. That is no big scary thing that some right-wing American commentators will lead you to believe. In the US for example criminal records are public, so China's Social Credit System started out being no more over-reaching in scope than what Americans have lived under their entire lives, its only fault (a severe one) being centrally planned. And that remained the case up until about 2016 (in my estimation). But of course there is always scope creep. As it exists today, I have reason to believe that CPC officials and even A.I. use judgement calls to score someone on how moral that person has been! Of course that is not a good idea, and IMHO the problem stems from one-party rule, and authoritarian administration of ideas that should instead be handled by the private sector. ## Environmental, Social, and Governance ESG is a system that came out of a couple basic ideas. The first is that many two-party transactions actually have externalities. They don't just affect the two parties, they also affect everybody else. When you fly in an airplane, you increase the CO2 in the atmosphere that everybody has to pay for (eventually). You may dispute that example, but that is no doubt one of the motivations of ESG. But of course the recognition of this basic issue didn't lead all people towards market solutions (well it did, but those have been mostly messed up by others), but instead led many people towards ESG, which is a social credit scoring system which applies scores based on environmental and social side-effects of market transactions. This is not at all the same as China's social credit system, which I described above. I hope you can see the difference. In fact, China imported ESG from the West. Chinese companies, of their free will, in an attempt to court Western capital, achieve ESG goals for those Western investors. They have been playing this ESG game for 20 years just like the entire world has, because the West has imposed this faux-morality upon them. It isn't something China exported to us, it is something we exported to them. ## I think China has avoided Woke-ism My understanding of Chinese people, based on what I've heard many Chinese people say, is that China isn't affected by the Western woke-ism epidemic. They deride Western white woke people with the term "Baizuo". They have never sent an incompetent break dancer to the Olympics because of wok-ism. Competence is highly respected as is the competition to be the most competent, which (when augmented by a one-child policy which is no longer) has produced child prodigies like no other country has. ## What about predatory loans of the Belt and Road initiative? Predatory is an odd name for loans to people in need. The World Bank makes loans to people in need. China does too. China stands in opposition to Western Empire, and in that regard they produce their own alternative BRICS institutions. This is one of them. There is AFAIK nothing more predatory about them. It is just that in some cases the borrowers have trouble paying them back and they get foreclosed upon. I don't think this is worthy of much discussion, except that the term "predatory" seems to me to be a propaganda device. ## What about foreign influence from China? China wants to influence the world, especially its own trading partners and potential trading partners. Doing that above board is fine by me. But some of it is undoubtedly covert. Sometimes Chinese-born people run for public office in Western countries. In New Zealand we stood down some when it became clear they were being influenced too much by the CPC while being charged with representing their local town (dual loyalty issues). If only the USA would do the same thing to their dually-loyal politicians. And all large nations run influence operations. The USA has the CIA, for example, and claims this "soft power" is actually the better alternative to what would otherwise be military intervention (but IMHO shouldn't be either). I'm not defending such operations (I despise them), I'm just explaining how China's position of exerting influence is not only no big deal and totally expected, it pales in comparison to the United States' influence operations which often become military excursions (something China rarely ever does). ## What about the Great Firewall? Yeah, that sucks. Again, single-party authoritarian control gone to extremes. ## What about Human Rights Abuses? What about the Uyghur Genocide? I don't like them. To the extent they are occurring (and I lean towards the belief that they are occurring), I condemn them. China has anti-terrorism and anti-extremism policies that go too far. They end up oppressing and/or criminalizing cultures that aren't Chinese enough. But especially, China punishes dissent. Disagreement with the CPC is the high crime. It is the one-party rule that causes this problem. Anybody who speaks out against the CPC or goes against the state in any way is harshly punished. This happens to Uyghurs, to Falun Gong, to Tibetans, and to any religion that is seen as subversive. Amnesty International and the UN OHCHR have documented issues around the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, Tibet, LGBT rights, death penalty, workers rights, and the Hong Kong special administrative region. I am not about to pretend I know better than they do, but to some extent they go too far. Amnesty International says this about the USA: Discrimination and violence against LGBTI people were widespread and anti-LGBTI legislation increased. Bills were introduced to address reparations regarding slavery and its legacies. Multiple states implemented total bans on abortion or severely limited access to it. Gender-based violence disproportionately affected Indigenous women. Access to the USA for asylum seekers and migrants was still fraught with obstacles, but some nationalities continued to enjoy Temporary Protected Status. Moves were made to restrict the freedom to protest in a number of states. Black people were disproportionately affected by the use of lethal force by police. No progress was made in the abolition of the death penalty, apart from in Washington. Arbitrary and indefinite detention in the US naval base Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, continued. Despite extensive gun violence, no further firearm reform policies were considered, but President Biden did announce the creation of the White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention. The USA continued to use lethal force in countries around the world. Black people, other racialized groups and low-income people bore the brunt of the health impacts of the petrochemical industry, and the use of fossil fuels continued unabated. Amnesty international didn't even point out that the US government quashes free speech via pressure on social media corporations (because Amnesty International is far too lefty). So who is worse, China or the US? I'm not going to make that judgement call, but suffice it to say that in my mind, China is not obviously worse. China violates freedom of expression, association, and assembly of all people. This is bad, and a consequence mainly of one-party rule (again, what I think is the root cause of most of their ills). They arrest, detain, potentially kill anybody who publicly disagrees openly with their government. Clearly this is an excess of authoritarianism, a cancer that is very advanced in China. As to organ harvesting of Uyghur Muslims, I think this is a myth. China has dealt harshly with Muslim extremism. They don't offer freedom of religion to ISIS. And Amnesty International complains about that. But practically speaking you probably shouldn't respect the extremist religion of people who want to force everybody into a global caliphate through threat of violence. As you are well aware, some extremist Muslims (<1% of Islam) believe in using violence to bring about a global caliphate. Those extremists pop up in every country and are usually dealt with harshly. China has had to deal with them too. I have watched two different Western YouTubers travel to Xinjiang province trying to find the oppressed Uyghurs and interview them. They can't find them. What they find instead are Uyghur Muslims doing their prayers five times a day at the local mosque. And also stories that the CPC pitched in some money to help them renovate the mosque. Maybe they were afraid it was a CPC trap and so they wouldn't speak freely. Amnesty International and the UN OHCHR say more than a million are "arbitrarily detained" and I'm not going to argue otherwise. But I'd be more convinced if there were a stream of pictures and news like there is out of Gaza, and it is suspicious that there isn't. ## Conclusion China is more like a Western nation that Westerners realize. Economically, militarily, socially. It still has a very serious obstacle to overcome: one-party rule. I don't think the one-party is going to voluntarily give up power. So most probably at some point in the future there will be a revolution. But in my opinion it won't happen anytime soon. For the most part Chinese people are living high on the hog, getting rich, enjoying the good life, in positive spirits about life, and are getting along with their government quite well at present.

@ 16d11430:61640947

By a Voice in the Ether There is a specter haunting the world, not of socialism nor capitalism, but of Bitcoin. Across collapsing institutions, crumbling economies, and the craters of failed ideologies, one immutable force remains standing. The old order, built on fiat promises and fraudulent foundations, is coming undone. And yet, amidst the ashes, Bitcoin persists—not as a savior, but as a mirror, exposing the rot of the collapsing world. The Fraud of the Present System We have been told, since our first lessons in civics, to trust the institutions. Trust the central banks, trust the governments, trust the corporations. They assured us that the system was built for our benefit, and perhaps it was, at least for a time. But systems are not eternal; they decay. What begins as noble purpose is corrupted by greed, hubris, and power. Fiat money—the paper promise of value—is the cornerstone of this crumbling architecture. It is a lie we have all agreed to believe, a house of cards masquerading as a cathedral. Its architects insist it is stable, but the foundation was rotten from the start. With each new crisis—be it financial, political, or social—the cracks grow wider. Governments print more money, banks gamble with our savings, and corporations devour themselves in pursuit of profits. Collapse is not an accident but an inevitability. The Immutable Opponent Enter Bitcoin: an invention as improbable as it is indestructible. It does not ask for trust, nor does it seek power. It exists as a silent ledger, a mathematical truth immune to the machinations of men. While fiat currencies inflate, Bitcoin deflates; while institutions crumble under their own weight, Bitcoin strengthens with each block mined. Bitcoin is not a currency in the traditional sense. It is an idea—a revolutionary one—that money can exist outside the control of governments, corporations, and central banks. And this idea is an existential threat to the old world order. It cannot be bribed, blackmailed, or bombed. In a world of deceit, Bitcoin’s honesty is its weapon. The Collapse of Control Those in power, the self-appointed stewards of civilization, have long relied on control. They control the money supply, the narrative, and even the minds of the masses. But Bitcoin subverts this control. Its decentralized nature means there is no single point of failure, no lever for the powerful to pull. It is chaos to the tyrant, order to the individual. The more the old system fights Bitcoin, the weaker it becomes. Banning it, regulating it, or demonizing it only underscores its power. For every fiat collapse—whether it be the hyperinflation of Venezuela or the quiet erosion of the dollar—Bitcoin gains another convert. The rulers of the old world cling desperately to their crumbling thrones, but they cannot un-invent the technology that undermines them. The Psychology of Collapse Collapse is not merely economic or political; it is psychological. The people, long conditioned to believe in the infallibility of their leaders, are awakening to the lie. They see their savings devalued, their freedoms eroded, their futures mortgaged. In this void of trust, Bitcoin offers not just a financial alternative but a psychological refuge. It is a declaration of independence, a refusal to participate in the farce. But make no mistake: this is not a utopia. Bitcoin does not promise salvation, only sovereignty. It is as harsh and unyielding as the world it seeks to replace. In this way, it is not a solution but a challenge—a demand for responsibility in an age of abdication. The Inevitable Reckoning The collapse of everything against Bitcoin is not a failure of the technology or the people who use it; it is a failure of the old system to adapt. Fiat currencies, like all monopolies, rot under the weight of their own contradictions. Governments that print money into oblivion cannot compete with a currency that cannot be printed. Centralized institutions built on trust cannot outlast a network that requires none. The collapse, then, is not a tragedy but a necessity. It is the clearing of the dead wood, the end of a long and unsustainable lie. What rises in its place remains to be seen. But one thing is certain: Bitcoin will not collapse, for it was never built to stand on the same shifting sands. It is the bedrock beneath the ruins, the immutable foundation on which the future may yet be built. And so, as the world collapses, let us not mourn the old order, for it was never meant to last. Instead, let us look to the strange and immutable invention that has outlasted its detractors, the silent force that asks no permission and grants no quarter. Bitcoin endures, not because it is perfect, but because it is incorruptible. In a world of collapse, that is enough.

@ 7bdef7be:784a5805

The following script try, using [nak](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nak), to find out the last ten people who have followed a `target_pubkey`, sorted by the most recent. It's possibile to shorten `search_timerange` to speed up the search. ``` #!/usr/bin/env fish # Target pubkey we're looking for in the tags set target_pubkey "6e468422dfb74a5738702a8823b9b28168abab8655faacb6853cd0ee15deee93" set current_time (date +%s) set search_timerange (math $current_time - 600) # 24 hours = 86400 seconds set pubkeys (nak req --kind 3 -s $search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io/ wss://nos.lol/ 2>/dev/null | \ jq -r --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[] | select(.[0] == "p" and .[1] == $target)) | .pubkey ' | sort -u) if test -z "$pubkeys" exit 1 end set all_events "" set extended_search_timerange (math $current_time - 31536000) # One year for pubkey in $pubkeys echo "Checking $pubkey" set events (nak req --author $pubkey -l 5 -k 3 -s $extended_search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io wss://nos.lol 2>/dev/null | \ jq -c --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[][] == $target) ' 2>/dev/null) set count (echo "$events" | jq -s 'length') if test "$count" -eq 1 set all_events $all_events $events end end if test -n "$all_events" echo -e "Last people following $target_pubkey:" echo -e "" set sorted_events (printf "%s\n" $all_events | jq -r -s ' unique_by(.id) | sort_by(-.created_at) | .[] | @json ') for event in $sorted_events set npub (echo $event | jq -r '.pubkey' | nak encode npub) set created_at (echo $event | jq -r '.created_at') if test (uname) = "Darwin" set follow_date (date -r "$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") else set follow_date (date -d @"$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") end echo "$follow_date - $npub" end end ```

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# Nostr 2? ## Breaking Changes in Nostr Nostr was a huge leap forward. But it isn't perfect. When developers notice a problem with nostr, they confer with each other to work out a solution to the problem. This is usually in the form of a NIP PR on the nips repo. Some problems are easy. Just add something new and optional. No biggie. Zaps, git stuff, bunkers... just dream it up and add it. Other problems can only be fixed by breaking changes. With a breaking change, the overall path forward is like this: Add the new way of doing it while preserving the old way. Push the major software to switch to the new way. Then deprecate the old way. This is a simplification, but it is the basic idea. It is how we solved markers/quotes/root and how we are upgrading encryption, among other things. This process of pushing through a breaking change becomes more difficult as we have more and more existing nostr software out there that will break. Most of the time what happens is that the major software is driven to make the change (usually by nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6), and the smaller software is left to fend for itself. A while back I introduced the BREAKING.md file to help people developing smaller lesser-known software keep up with these changes. ## Big Ideas But some ideas just can't be applied to nostr. The idea is too big. The change is too breaking. It changes something fundamental. And nobody has come up with a smooth path to move from the old way to the new way. And so we debate a bunch of things, and never settle on anything, and eventually nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 makes a post saying that we don't really want it anyways 😉. As we encounter good ideas that are hard to apply to nostr, I've been filing them away in a repository I call "nostr-next", so we don't forget about them, in case we ever wanted to start over. It seems to me that starting over every time we encountered such a thing would be unwise. However, once we collect enough changes that we couldn't reasonably phase into nostr, then a tipping point is crossed where it becomes worthwhile to start over. In terms of the "bang for the buck" metaphor, the bang becomes bigger and bigger but the buck (the pain and cost of starting over) doesn't grow as rapidly. ## WHAT? Start over? IMHO starting over could be very bad if done in a cavalier way. The community could fracture. The new protocol could fail to take off due to lacking the network effect. The odds that a new protocol catches on are low, irrespective of how technically superior it could be. So the big question is: can we preserve the nostr community and it's network effect while making a major step-change to the protocol and software? I don't know the answer to that one, but I have an idea about it. I think the new-protocol clients can be dual-stack, creating events in both systems and linking those events together via tags. The nostr key identity would still be used, and the new system identity too. This is better than things like the mostr bridge because each user would remain in custody of their own keys. ## The nitty gritty Here are some of the things I think would make nostr better, but which nostr can't easily fix. A lot of these ideas have been mentioned before by multiple people and I didn't give credit to all of you (sorry) because my brain can't track it all. But I've been collecting these over time at https://github.com/mikedilger/nostr-next * Events as CBOR or BEVE or MsgPack or a fixed-schema binary layout... anything but JSON text with its parsing, it's encoding ambiguity, it's requirement to copy fields before hashing them, its unlimited size constraints. (me, nostr:npub1xtscya34g58tk0z605fvr788k263gsu6cy9x0mhnm87echrgufzsevkk5s) * EdDSA ed25519 keys instead of secp256k1, to enable interoperability with a bunch of other stuff like ssh, pgp, TLS, Mainline DHT, and many more, plus just being better cryptography (me, Nuh, Orlovsky, except Orlovsky wanted Ristretto25519 for speed) * Bootstrapping relay lists (and relay endpoints) from Mainline DHT (nostr:npub1jvxvaufrwtwj79s90n79fuxmm9pntk94rd8zwderdvqv4dcclnvs9s7yqz) * Master keys and revocable subkeys / device keys (including having your nostr key as a subkey) * Encryption to use different encryption-specific subkeys and ephemeral ones from the sender. * Relay keypairs, TLS without certificates, relays known by keypair instead of URL * Layered protocol (separate core from applications) * Software remembering when they first saw an event, for 2 reasons, the main one being revocation (don't trust the date in the event, trust when you first saw it), the second being more precise time range queries. * Upgrade/feature negotiation (HTTP headers prior to starting websockets) * IDs starting with a timestamp so they are temporally adjacent (significantly better database performance) (Vitor's idea) * Filters that allow boolean expressions on tag values, and also ID exclusions. Removing IDs from filters and moving to a GET command. * Changing the transport (I'm against this but I know others want to) ## What would it look like? Someone (Steve Farroll) has taken my nostr-next repo and turned it into a proposed protocol he calls [Mosaic](https://github.com/SteveFarroll/mosaic-spec). I think it is quite representative of that repo, as it already includes most of those suggestions, so I've been contributing to it. Mosaic spec is rendered [here](https://stevefarroll.github.io/mosaic-spec/). Of course, where Mosaic stands right now it is mostly my ideas (and Steve's), it doesn't have feedback or input from other nostr developers yet. That is what this blog post is about. I think it is time for other nostr devs to be made aware of this thing. It is currently in the massive breaking changes phase. It might not look that way because of the detail and refinement of the documentation, but indeed everything is changing rapidly. It probably has some bad ideas and is probably missing some great ideas that you have. Which is why this is a good time for other devs to start taking a look at it. It is also the time to debate meta issues like "are you crazy Mike?" or "no we have to just break nostr but keep it nostr, we can't dual-stack" or whatever. Personally I think mosaic-spec should develop and grow for quite a while before the "tipping point" happens. That is, I'm not sure we should jump in feet first yet, but rather we build up and refine this new protocol and spend a lot of time thinking about how to migrate smoothly, and break it a lot while nobody is using it. So you can just reply to this, or DM me, or open issues or PRs at [Mosaic](https://github.com/SteveFarroll/mosaic-spec), or just whisper to each other while giving me the evil eye.

@ 4506e04e:8c16ba04

The employment trends in the gig economy are clear. More and more people take on some form of freelance or temporary work often on top of their full time job. In fact, according to [recent estimates](https://www.upwork.com/resources/gig-economy-statistics), approximately 1.57 billion people, or nearly half (46.4%) of the global workforce, engage in gig work. As gig platforms continue to expand across borders and sectors, this number is projected to keep rising. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/d4fca16a18e427f8c3f97677c8e7599a4a4ad1cc2d635bfcd0ab6b0ada48ecb9.png"> In the UK, the gig economy is particularly popular, with many workers supplementing their income with side gigs. According to a [recent survey](https://standout-cv.com/stats/gig-economy-statistics-uk#:~:text=For%20most%2C%2071.5%25%2C%20gig,main%20income%20\(both%2036%25\).), almost half (48%) of UK gig workers have full-time jobs on top of their side gigs, while 71.5% use gig work to supplement their income rather than provide their sole earnings. The top gig occupation in the UK is online administrative work, with 39% of gig workers offering virtual assistance, data entry, clerical services, or similar computer-based tasks. Sounds like a great way to earn some sats, doesn't it? Despite the growth and popularity of the gig economy, traditional platforms like LinkedIn have reached their peak and become increasingly plagued by spam from aggressive recruiters and profiles of people with increasingly unverifiable experience. Meanwhile all the centralised platforms like Fiverr and Upwork take a significant cut from freelancers' pay, leaving many workers feeling undervalued and overworked. It's no wonder that many are looking for alternative solutions that prioritize fairness, transparency, trust and compensation paid in money that will last! Here comes Nostr, a decentralized, censorship-resistant protocol that's laying foundations for the future of the gig work. With its censorship-resistant, peer-to-peer approach, Nostr is poised to revolutionize the way we work and connect with each other. In this article, I'll explore why Nostr is an exciting development for the gig economy, what it means for the future of work and what platforms are already available. What makes Nostr different? It’s built on principles of decentralization, freedom, trust and Bitcoin as its native currency. Forget walled gardens; with Nostr, your identity is your own. Nobody’s mining your data, and no shadowy algorithms are deciding who sees your posts or what posts you should see. It's a perfect setup for a job marketplace where companies post jobs and freelancers get them done. All paid with Bitcoin with no middleman to take your money And it’s not just theory. Real solutions are already built, transforming how professionals connect, collaborate, and commit their skills, time and creativity. All open-source and Bitcoin/Nostr-centric. ## Here are 4 tools you want to check out: 1. [SatShoot:](https://SatShoot.com) Think Upwork or Fiverr, but with integrated eCash wallet and zero middlemen. Creators, freelancers, and clients unite under the banner of peer-to-peer gig economy. 2. [Kanbanstr](https://www.kanbanstr.com/): A Nostr-native Kanban board for moving tasks from To Do &gt; In Progress &gt; Done and zapping the developers as they deliver. 3. [GitWorkshop.dev](https://gitworkshop.dev/): A decentralized alternative to GitHub, tailored for developers who value freedom and sovereignty. 4. [Sigit.io](https://sigit.io/): An open-source and self-hostable solution for secure document signing and verification. These platforms aren’t just ideas; they’re already being built, some are already in Beta versions, and you can test them today! These platforms aren’t just ideas; they’re already being built, some are already in Beta versions, and you can test them today! ## Don't trust - verify! How can you be sure you're getting help from the right people with the right skills? That’s where the Web of Trust (WoT) comes in. On Nostr, the WoT is a decentralized trust system that lets users build and evaluate relationships using cryptographic keys and interactions. Instead of depending on centralized authorities to verify identities or manage reputations, the WoT allows trust to grow organically through direct endorsements and social connections. In this system, your track record matters. As a freelancer, you’re motivated to deliver quality work—not just to get paid, but also to earn positive feedback. This feedback boosts your reputation, helping you secure your next gig. You could get extra points if i.e. you hold a subject matter expert certificate. Credentials and certifications are still often critical to determine if someone has the skills you are looking for. The idea of certifications could be rebuilt on Nostr with Badges NIP-58. Institutions like Red Hat, Cisco, and others could issue verifiable, NIP-05-backed badges directly to your Nostr public key (“npub”). It’s simple: 1. The certifying body verifies their domain via NIP-05. 2. They issue badges for their certifications 3. Successful candidates receive badges and wear them on their npubs. All it takes is that during the registration process for the exam the examinee adds their npub and Voilà! A decentralized, censorship-resistant proof of skills that lives on Nostr. No middlemen, no gatekeepers, you get the right people for the right job! Here’s a mind-blowing stat: 95% of the world’s population doesn’t own any Bitcoin. With fiat systems teetering, more people will turn to earning Bitcoin instead of buying it at ever-rising prices. Nostr-based platforms are perfectly positioned to capitalize on this trend, offering global access to Bitcoin-based gigs. It’s borderless, censorship-resistant, and a hedge against the collapsing fiat world order. Nostr clients and solutions are popping up faster than mushrooms after rain. Whether you’re a developer, marketer, freelancer, or just someone curious about the future of work, there’s a tool for you. This explosive growth signals a broader shift: professionals are tired of traditional platforms and are looking for alternatives that respect their privacy, autonomy, and time. ## The Bottom Line LinkedIn’s days are numbered. Services like Upwork and Fiverr or even Uber are praying on freelance fees. The future of services, networking, and professional growth is decentralized, censorship-resistant, and powered by Nostr. Whether you’re a freelancer, a certifying body, or a startup founder, the opportunities are endless. Here's a New Year resolution for you -  say goodbye to spam and hello to sovereignty. The Nostr revolution is here, and it’s time to join the movement! --- *If you’re inspired to dive into the Nostr ecosystem but need guidance, the [NostrDev team](https://nostrdev.com) has got your back. From conceptualizing your solution to building it out, we’re the go-to experts for all things Nostr. Reach out and start building the future today*.

@ 07804b78:c375c543

Japanese follows. 日本語はあとで。 This article is for the 14th day of [Nostr Advent Calendar 2024](https://adventar.org/calendars/10004) (relay blogging). The article for the 13th day was "[Open Sats 申請編](https://zenn.dev/konemono/articles/cb39fb7f302551)" (Applying for Open Sats) by mono-san. The article for the 14th day will be "[Nostrはじめました。](https://bewith.bz/?p=121)" (I started Nostr) by bro-san. # Thinking of Thingstr I've come up with an idea for Other Staff that I think is interesting (at least, for me), so I'm going to write about it. I actually wanted to show you the implementation and brag about it, but it's not solid enough to be implemented yet. The key idea is just “add a reaction to the WikiData ID”. ## WikiData There is a service called [WikiData](https://www.wikidata.org/). It is a knowledge base that provides structured data. You may be wondering what it is, but the important thing to understand here is that WikiData assigns identifiers to a fairly wide range of “objects” and “things”. So, if you can react to this, you can think of various applications just by thinking of it for a moment, right? For example, the anime series “There are too many losing heroines!” is assigned the ID `Q123819103`. The corresponding page is https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123819103 . (NOTE: The canonical URI for entities on Wikidata is http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1142841. This is in accordance with Semantic Web conventions, and is not https, but http. Also, this URI does not necessarily match the actual address of the correspnding web page. Just an identifier. In most cases, it will redirect). ## What can wd do? For example, what about a website that records your anime viewing history? You can record what you want to watch with 👀, what you've already watched with ✅, and your favorites with ☆. You can also express your “likes” for production companies, staff, voice actors, etc. In this way, you can see what a particular user likes. This could be a movie, a book, a comic, an author, music, an idol group, a place, or food (Someone likes pork cutlet `Q1142841`). The fact that you can record everything in the same framework is what makes it interesting. ## What form of event should it be recorded as? There is probably room for discussion about how to record this information in a concrete way. The simplest way would be to use NIP-25's "Reactions to a website" kind:17 (a.k.a. Makibishi). How about something like this? ```json [ ["i", "wd:Q123819103", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q123819103"], ] ``` Since NIP-73 has External Content IDs, it would be good if we could include WikiData here so that we could write `wd:Q123819103`. Actually, `isbn:` and other identifiers have already been defined, so it is possible to use the current NIP range to describe books (however, the authors do not have IDs. If we use WikiData as an ID, we can also describe reactions related to the author). Of course, it is not a matter of choosing one or the other, and it is also fine to add the ISBN tag at the same time as the WikiData tag for books. ## Search for recorded reactions So far, this is all very simple, but it would be inconvenient if we didn't include tags to mark subsets of reactions (for example, only those related to anime) so that we can query them together. When we try to create a site that is specialized for a certain purpose, we need to be able to extract the reactions that are necessary. On Wikidata, the predicate `wdt:P31` (instance of) is used to group together concepts that represent the same thing. For example, how about including this in the `l` tag? "There are too many losing heroines!" is a "Japanese television anime series (`Q63952888`)", so: ```json [ ["i", "wd:Q1142841", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1142841"], ["l", "wdt:P31 wd:Q63952888"] ] ``` UPDATE(2024-12-15): rnurachue-san suggested that `#l` or `#L` might be better for labeling (the first version used `#a`). I think that's a good idea, so I've updated the article. nostr:nevent1qgswamu0rsela0kwhj87p24ueapxdp04vzz7ar0pp6lfyq923t3l02cqyr9786635s60ra0f973nwv2sln2l74lqx4twdlgxfz2jgevpvsgtc9zwn6d However, when you think about creating an anime website, you may want to query both TV anime and anime films. This makes things more complicated. "Japanese TV anime series (`Q63952888`)" is a subclass (subclass of; `wdt:P279`) of "Anime series (`Q117467261`)", which is in turn a subclass of "Anime (`Q1107`)". However, if you were to embed this hierarchy in each reaction, it would waste a lot of space. The following query will get all the superclasses of "Japanese TV anime series (`Q63952888`)", but there are 54 of them. https://query.wikidata.org/#%23%20Subclass%20hierarchy%20traversal%20for%20Q63952888%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fsuperclass%20%3FsuperclassLabel%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Starting%20class%0A%20%20wd%3AQ63952888%20wdt%3AP279%2a%20%3Fsuperclass%20.%0A%20%20BIND%28wd%3AQ63952888%20AS%20%3Fitem%29%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fsuperclass%0A So, I think it should be okay for practical purposes to embed `P31`s of the reaction target. In other words, if you search for "anime series `Q63952888`" and "anime movie `Q20650540`", that should be enough. Fortunately, the conditions for single-character tags work with OR, so you can query multiple tags at once. we'll have to try it to see how well it works in practice, though. ## Discussion: Which kind should I use? So far we have considered using kind:17, but we have not yet decided whether it is a good idea to mix Thingstr events with reactions to web pages. Also, there may be a debate over whether to record regular events or addressable events, depending on the purpose of use. For example, if you want to record the transition of viewing results and impressions on an anime viewing site, you should use regular events, and if you want to maintain the viewing status, you should use addressable events. What do you think? ## Other ideas If we can react to Nodes on [OpenStreetMap](https://www.openstreetmap.org/) using the same framework, we might be able to create something like [Swarm](https://swarmapp.com/). Since the views you want to see will differ depending on the purpose, it would be good to create various sites while having a consistent way of recording. Wouldn't that be the most Nostr-like thing? ## Summary I discussed how to use WikiData and OpenStreetMap as an ID infrastructure and realize various check-in and review services with a unified data model by using them on Nostr. Please let us know if you have any feedback. Or why not try implementing it? ---- この記事は [Nostr Advent Calendar 2024](https://adventar.org/calendars/10004) の14日目の記事です。13日目の記事はmonoさんによる「[Open Sats 申請編](https://zenn.dev/konemono/articles/cb39fb7f302551)」でした。15日目の記事はbroさんによる「[Nostrはじめました。](https://bewith.bz/?p=121)」です。 # Thingstrについて考えた 面白そうな（と勝手に思ってる） Other Staff のアイディアを思いついたので、書いてみます。 本当は実装を持ってきて自慢したかったのですが、まだふわっとしていて実装に落ちていません。 コアになるアイディアは「WikiData の ID に対して、Reactionをつける」これだけです。 ## WikiData [WikiData](https://www.wikidata.org/) というサービスがあります。構造化データを提供する知識ベースです。 なにそれ？という感じですが、ここで大事なのはWikiDataはかなり広範な「もの」「こと」に識別子(Identifier)を付与している、ということです。 だから、これにリアクションできれば、ぱっと思いつくだけでもいろいろな応用ができそうじゃないですか。 例えば、アニメシリーズ「負けヒロインが多すぎる！」には `Q123819103` というIDが振られています。これに対応するページとして https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123819103 があります。 （ただし、WikiData のエンティティに対する canonical な URI は http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1142841 であることには注意が必要です。セマンティックウェブの作法で https ではなく http になっています。そして、このURIは必ずしもWebページのアドレス一致しません。大抵の場合はリダイレクトされます）。 ## なにができるの たとえば、アニメの視聴記録サイトはどうでしょう。👀は見たい作品、✅は視聴済み、☆はお気に入り、みたいに記録していく。制作会社、スタッフ、声優、...に対してLikeを表明したりできそうです。そうすると、あるユーザが何にLikeしているかわかります。 これが映画でもいいし、書籍、漫画、作家でもいいし、音楽でもいいし、アイドルグループでもいいし、場所でもいいし、食べ物でもいい（とんかつ `Q1142841` が好き、とか）。全部同じ枠組みで記録できるのが面白そうなところです。 ## どういうNostrイベントで記録する？ 具体的な記録の仕方には議論の余地があるでしょう。一番単純なのは、NIP-25の "Reactions to a website" kind:17 (Makibishi) を使う方法でしょうか。こんなのはどうでしょう。 ```json [ ["i", "wd:Q123819103", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q123819103"], ] ``` NIP-73にExternal Content IDsがあるので、ここにWikiDataを入れられるようにして `wd:Q123819103` と書けるとよさそうです。実は `isbn:` などはすでに定義されているので、書籍に関しては現行のNIPの範囲でもうまいことできます（ただ、著者にはIDが振られていません。WikiDataをIDに使うと著者に関するリアクションも記述できます）。もちろん、どちらか一方を選ぶというものでもなくて、書籍にはWikiDataのタグと当時にISBNのタグを付与しておいてもいいと思います。 ## 記録されたリアクションを検索する ここまではシンプルでよいのですが、リアクションの部分集合（たとえばアニメに関連するものだけ、とか）をまとめてクエリできるように、目印となるタグを入れておかないと不便です。ある目的に特化したサイトを作ろうとしたとき、必要になるリアクションが抽出できるようにしておかないといけません。 WikiData では `wdt:P31` (instance of) という述語で、ある概念が何を表しているかをグルーピングしてくれています。例えばこれを`l`タグとかに含めておくのはどうでしょうか。 負けヒロインが多すぎる！は「日本のテレビアニメシリーズ(`Q63952888`)」なので、 ```json [ ["i", "wd:Q1142841", "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1142841"], ["l", "wdt:P31 wd:Q63952888"] ] ``` みたいな感じで付与します。 UPDATE(2024-12-15): rnurachueさんからラベル付けには `#l` または `#L` のほうがよいかもという提案をいただきました。最初のバージョンでは `#a` を使用していました。そのとおりだと思ったので更新しました。 nostr:nevent1qgswamu0rsela0kwhj87p24ueapxdp04vzz7ar0pp6lfyq923t3l02cqyr9786635s60ra0f973nwv2sln2l74lqx4twdlgxfz2jgevpvsgtc9zwn6d ただ、アニメサイトを作ることを考えると、テレビアニメも劇場版アニメも両方クエリしたいこともありそうですよね。そうなると話が複雑になってきます。 「日本のテレビアニメシリーズ(`Q63952888`)」は「アニメシリーズ(`Q117467261`)」のサブクラス(subclass of; `wdt:P279`)で、それがさらに「アニメ(`Q1107`)」 のサブクラスになっています。ただ、この階層をいちいちリアクションに埋め込むのと大変なことになります。以下のようなクエリで「日本のテレビアニメシリーズ(`Q63952888`)」のすべての上位クラスが取れるのですが、54件もあります。 https://query.wikidata.org/#%23%20Subclass%20hierarchy%20traversal%20for%20Q63952888%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fsuperclass%20%3FsuperclassLabel%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Starting%20class%0A%20%20wd%3AQ63952888%20wdt%3AP279%2a%20%3Fsuperclass%20.%0A%20%20BIND%28wd%3AQ63952888%20AS%20%3Fitem%29%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fsuperclass%0A なので、リアクション対象の`P31`を埋め込む、くらいで実用上は問題ないような気がします。つまり、検索するときに 「アニメシリーズ `Q63952888`」と「アニメ映画 `Q20650540`」を対象にすれば、十分では、ということです。幸い、一文字タグの条件はORで効くので、複数を並べて一度にクエリできます。実際にどのくらいうまく行くかはやってみないとわからないですが。 ## 議論: どの kind を使うべきか？ 一旦 kind 17 を使うことを考えてきましたが、Thingstr のイベントが Web ページに対するリアクションと混ざるのが良いことなのか、いまいち判断がついていません。 また、用途によって regular event で記録するべきか、それとも addressable event で記録すべきか、という議論もありそうです。 アニメ視聴サイトを例にあげるなら、視聴実績とか感想の変遷を記録したいならば regular event でしょうし、視聴の状態を保持したいならば addressable とするのがよさそうです。 どう思いますか？ ## 他のアイディア これと同じ枠組みで [OpenStreetMap](https://www.openstreetmap.org/) の Node に対してリアクションできるようにすれば [Swarm](https://swarmapp.com/) のようなものも実現できるかもしれません。 用途ごとに見たいビューは違うだろうから、一貫した記録の仕方を持ちつつ、色々なサイトを作ったらいいんじゃないでしょうか。それって最高にNostrっぽくないですか？ ## まとめ WikiDataやOpenStreetMapをID基盤として活用し、Nostr上でreactすることで、様々なチェックインサービス、レビューサービスを統一的なデータモデルで実現する方法について議論しました。フィードバックがあったら教えてください。むしろ実装してみてください。

@ 30b99916:3cc6e3fe

## Chef's notes Recipe modified from a recipe published from a school cookbook in 1963. ## Details - 🍳 Cook time: 8 to 10 Minutes at 400 - 🍽️ Servings: 3 dozen or so depending on cookie size ## Ingredients - 2 sticks of butter - 1 1/2 Cup sugar - 2 eggs - 1 t. vanilla (optional but recommended) - 2 3/4 cups flour - 2 t. Cream of tartar - 1 t. Soda - 1/4 t. Salt ## Directions 1. 1. Heat over to 400 2. 2. Mix butter, sugar, eggs, and vanilla thoroughly. 3. 3. Sift together flour, cream of tartar, soda, salt and blend into mixture. 4. 4. Form small dough balls and roll in sugar/cinnamon 5. 5. Place each cookie dough ball 2" apart on a cookie sheet

@ b2d670de:907f9d4a

This is a list of nostr clients exposed as onion services. The list is currently actively maintained on [GitHub](https://github.com/0xtrr/onion-service-nostr-clients). Contributions are always appreciated! | Client name | Onion URL | Source code URL | Admin | Description | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Snort | http://agzj5a4be3kgp6yurijk4q7pm2yh4a5nphdg4zozk365yirf7ahuctyd.onion | https://git.v0l.io/Kieran/snort | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qyvhwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnndehhyapwwdhkx6tpdshszxnhwden5te0wpuhyctdd9jzuenfv96x5ctx9e3k7mf0qqsx8lnrrrw9skpulctgzruxm5y7rzlaw64tcf9qpqww9pt0xvzsfmg9umdvr) | N/A | | moStard | http://sifbugd5nwdq77plmidkug4y57zuqwqio3zlyreizrhejhp6bohfwkad.onion/ | https://github.com/rafael-xmr/nostrudel/tree/mostard | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qyv8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnddaehgctjvshx7un89uq36amnwvaz7tmzdaehgu3wvf5hgcm0d9h8g7r0ddhjucm0d5hsqgy8wvyzw6l9pn5m47n7tcm5un7t7h5ctx3pjx8nfwh06qq8g6max5zadtyx) | minimalist monero friendly nostrudel fork | | Nostrudel | http://oxtrnmb4wsb77rmk64q3jfr55fo33luwmsyaoovicyhzgrulleiojsad.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | [operator](nostrnpub1ktt8phjnkfmfrsxrgqpztdjuxk3x6psf80xyray0l3c7pyrln49qhkyhz0) | Runs latest tagged docker image | | Nostrudel Next | http://oxtrnnumsflm7hmvb3xqphed2eqpbrt4seflgmdsjnpgc3ejd6iycuyd.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | [operator](nostr:npub1ktt8phjnkfmfrsxrgqpztdjuxk3x6psf80xyray0l3c7pyrln49qhkyhz0) | Runs latest "next" tagged docker image |

@ 58937958:545e6994

I made croquettes inspired by Spiral's character "Bitcoin (Puppet)."  The method is the same as making regular croquettes. I also tried making a version (right) with the arms and legs attached while shaping the filling, but they fell off before I could coat them in flour.  The face is made with seaweed and sliced cheese. The arms and legs are made with fish cake (hanpen). I brushed soy sauce on the legs and lightly toasted them in a toaster, which gave them a brown color.  The arms and legs are attached using thin spaghetti. When I searched for character-themed bentos (kyaraben), I came across the idea of using dried pasta, which made sense. I used fried spaghetti sticks for attachment. Here’s Bitcoin Croquette squished into a bento box:  Halving  Notes - I tried freezing the filling to help it hold its shape, but it backfired. It stuck to the plate and the cooking paper, and once partially thawed, it became way too watery. Freezing might work with better preparation. - The filling was quite dry when shaping, so it might be better to add a binder (this time, I only used potatoes and sautéed onions). The shape of Bitcoin Puppet was really easy and fun to make, so I’d love to try creating something else next time! nostr:nevent1qqsxgpjvf9g9suhzx5asqhvnlvnarl43kuhas8v5g2ryjr9yjjp0z5ctkh5pt

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I almost forgot about Mock Draft Monday, but here we go. # Mock Draft Pick 6: DT Mason Graham Pick 37: OT Aireontae Ersery Pick 68: WR Elic Ayomanor Pick 73: RB Kaleb Johnson Pick 106: QB Jaxson Dart Pick 142: S Billy Bowman Pick 178: CB Jabbar Muhammad Pick 212: OG Jaeden Roberts Pick 216: DT Tonka Hemingway Pick 222: LB Jack Kiser I've been happy with these mocks. This is a nice position in the draft, that's letting me build out from the trenches. Graham was my first pick last week, too. He would make this line one of the elite units in the entire league, assuming health. In lieu of a top QB, I managed to use the three day 2 picks on the line, rushing, and receiving. Then, with the first pick on day 3, I get a QB that I've heard very good things about. Brady likes QB's to sit as rookies anyway, so Dart can learn from AOC, who is a perfectly competent NFL QB and very bright. The rest of day 3 is about filling in depth and drafting guys with cool names (Tonka!). originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/849063

@ 599f67f7:21fb3ea9

### ¿Qué es un canal? Un canal Lightning es simplemente una multifirma 2-de-2 en la cadena. Para abrir un canal, solo enviamos fondos a una transacción multifirma 2-de-2. Esto crea un UTXO y el canal está abierto hasta que este UTXO se gaste. Durante la vida del canal, se crean un montón de transacciones que gastan doblemente la transacción de financiamiento, pero eventualmente una (y solo una) de estas se publicará en la cadena para cerrar el canal. Así que, idealmente, un canal Lightning condensa efectivamente un montón de transacciones en dos transacciones en la cadena: la que lo abre y la que lo cierra. Podríamos decir que así es como Lightning "eleva" las transacciones fuera de la cadena. ### Creando un canal Una **transacción de financiamiento** para un canal entre Alice y Bob es simplemente una transacción que tiene una salida como sigue: ``` 2 <pubkeyA> <pubkeyB> 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG ``` Donde `<pubkeyA>` es la clave pública de Alice y `<pubkeyB>` es la de Bob. Entonces, si Alice quiere abrir un canal con Bob, ¿simplemente le envía fondos al script anterior? La respuesta es no, es un poco más complicado que eso. Existe la posibilidad de que Bob desaparezca para siempre y nunca vuelva a firmar ninguna transacción que intente gastar de la transacción de financiamiento. Esto significa que, efectivamente, los fondos de Alice quedarían atrapados en este UTXO para siempre. ¡No es ideal! Aquí es donde entra una **transacción de compromiso**. Cubriremos la transacción de compromiso con más detalle en el futuro, pero por ahora lo importante que hay que saber es que una vez que una transacción de financiamiento es confirmada, las transacciones de compromiso definen el **estado** del canal (es decir, cómo se distribuyen los fondos entre los participantes del canal). Así que, esencialmente, cada transacción de compromiso gasta la transacción de financiamiento como entrada y tiene salidas que definen la distribución de fondos entre los participantes del canal. Para ver cómo se utilizan estos dos conceptos para negociar la apertura de un canal, se intercambiará una serie de mensajes entre los nodos de Alice y Bob, como se muestra en el diagrama a continuación.  Es un poco como negociar un contrato; cada parte solo firma cuando está contento con los términos. Vamos a revisar cada uno de estos mensajes con más detalle. #### open_channel Alice envía este mensaje a Bob para indicar que quiere abrir un canal con él. Este mensaje contiene varios detalles sobre los requisitos de Alice para el canal. El más importante es `funding_pubkey`. Esta es la clave pública que Alice tiene la intención de usar como su clave pública en el script de la transacción de financiamiento.  #### accept_channel Si Bob está contento con los requisitos que Alice ha presentado en su oferta de canal, puede enviar de vuelta el mensaje `accept_channel`, que también contiene algunos de sus requisitos junto con su `funding_pubkey`.  En este punto, Alice tiene todo lo que necesita para construir la transacción de financiamiento. Sin embargo, aún no tiene garantía de que Bob no desaparecerá, lo que haría que sus fondos no se pudieran gastar. Por lo tanto, aún no transmite la transacción de financiamiento. En cambio, lo que necesita es una transacción de compromiso firmada por Bob que gaste de la transacción de financiamiento y divida el saldo del canal en consecuencia. La transacción de financiamiento podría asignar algunos fondos a Bob también, por lo que Bob también querría una transacción de compromiso válida firmada por Alice, en caso de que ella desaparezca. Entonces, lo que Alice hace ahora es construir la transacción de financiamiento y enviar a Bob el siguiente mensaje: #### funding_created  Este mensaje contiene el TXID de la transacción de financiamiento, el índice de salida relevante de la transacción de financiamiento junto con una firma de la transacción de compromiso de Bob. Alice puede construir la transacción de compromiso exacta de Bob utilizando la información que ya conoce. Ten en cuenta que Bob no puede hacer nada aún con su transacción de compromiso porque está gastando de una transacción que aún no está en la blockchain. #### funding_signed  Si Bob está contento, entonces puede enviar a Alice un mensaje `funding_signed`, que contiene la firma de Bob para la transacción de compromiso de Alice. Ahora, Alice tiene una transacción de compromiso válida firmada por Bob que puede usar para gastar sus fondos de vuelta a sí misma en caso de que Bob desaparezca. Por lo tanto, es seguro para ella transmitir la transacción de financiamiento. #### channel_ready Tanto Alice como Bob estarán ahora observando la blockchain esperando que la transacción de financiamiento alcance el número deseado de confirmaciones. Una vez que cada uno lo vea, se enviarán mutuamente el mensaje `channel_ready` que contiene el ID del canal.  ¡El canal ahora está abierto y listo para transacciones! ### Revisión Terminaremos con un breve resumen de los conceptos importantes que hemos aprendido en este capítulo. Siéntete libre de volver aquí en el futuro en caso de que necesites un recordatorio. - **canal**: un contrato multifirma 2-de-2 en la cadena utilizado para elevar transacciones fuera de la cadena - **transacción de financiamiento**: una transacción multifirma 2-de-2 con un script de salida P2WSH que contiene las claves públicas de ambos participantes del canal - **transacción de compromiso**: una transacción que define el estado de un canal, es decir, la distribución de fondos entre los participantes del canal ### Referencias - [BOLT2](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lightning-rfc/blob/master/02-peer-protocol.md) - [LN Things Part 1: Creating a channel](https://ellemouton.com/posts/creating-a-channel/) por nostr:nprofile1qqswrt9pnxatlplu49h6meld8svmwqt87wwvk256rqk07n6eu4qeh5gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dszpfjtz

@ e968e50b:db2a803a

The blockchain is now over 600 gigabytes. Am I correct to assume that a lot of nodes are about to drop off of the network in the near future? My 1 terabyte node has 74 gigabytes of free space left. @DarthCoin has assured me that it will be easy to transfer it over to a new machine (although I probably need to get to it soon), but can everybody afford a machine with a 2 terabyte hard drive? Will we see a significant amount of nodes leave the network as 1 terabyte hard drives are no longer big enough to run Bitcoin? Have their been milestones like this before I was involved in the network? I'd assume so as I have machines from a time when bitcoin was around that only have 250 gigabytes. I've been thinking about the blocksize wars and thought that there have to occasionally be milestones in which the blockchain just reaches a standard commercially made disk size and a bunch of folks have to shut their nodes off. Anyway, not too worried, just curious if anybody else is thinking about this. Fun fact, as a kid, I remember a neighbor calling my family rich because we had a computer with a 40 megabyte hard drive. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/848998

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# Bye-Bye Reply Guy There is a camp of nostr developers that believe spam filtering needs to be done by relays. Or at the very least by DVMs. I concur. In this way, once you configure what you want to see, it applies to all nostr clients. But we are not there yet. In the mean time we have ReplyGuy, and gossip needed some changes to deal with it. ## Strategies in Short 1. **WEB OF TRUST**: Only accept events from people you follow, or people they follow - this avoids new people entirely until somebody else that you follow friends them first, which is too restrictive for some people. 2. **TRUSTED RELAYS**: Allow every post from relays that you trust to do good spam filtering. 3. **REJECT FRESH PUBKEYS**: Only accept events from people you have seen before - this allows you to find new people, but you will miss their very first post (their second post must count as someone you have seen before, even if you discarded the first post) 4. **PATTERN MATCHING**: Scan for known spam phrases and words and block those events, either on content or metadata or both or more. 5. **TIE-IN TO EXTERNAL SYSTEMS**: Require a valid NIP-05, or other nostr event binding their identity to some external identity 6. **PROOF OF WORK**: Require a minimum proof-of-work All of these strategies are useful, but they have to be combined properly. ## filter.rhai Gossip loads a file called "filter.rhai" in your gossip directory if it exists. It must be a Rhai language script that meets certain requirements (see the example in the gossip source code directory). Then it applies it to filter spam. This spam filtering code is being updated currently. It is not even on unstable yet, but it will be there probably tomorrow sometime. Then to master. Eventually to a release. Here is an example using all of the techniques listed above: ```rhai // This is a sample spam filtering script for the gossip nostr // client. The language is called Rhai, details are at: // https://rhai.rs/book/ // // For gossip to find your spam filtering script, put it in // your gossip profile directory. See // https://docs.rs/dirs/latest/dirs/fn.data_dir.html // to find the base directory. A subdirectory "gossip" is your // gossip data directory which for most people is their profile // directory too. (Note: if you use a GOSSIP_PROFILE, you'll // need to put it one directory deeper into that profile // directory). // // This filter is used to filter out and refuse to process // incoming events as they flow in from relays, and also to // filter which events get/ displayed in certain circumstances. // It is only run on feed-displayable event kinds, and only by // authors you are not following. In case of error, nothing is // filtered. // // You must define a function called 'filter' which returns one // of these constant values: // DENY (the event is filtered out) // ALLOW (the event is allowed through) // MUTE (the event is filtered out, and the author is // automatically muted) // // Your script will be provided the following global variables: // 'caller' - a string that is one of "Process", // "Thread", "Inbox" or "Global" indicating // which part of the code is running your // script // 'content' - the event content as a string // 'id' - the event ID, as a hex string // 'kind' - the event kind as an integer // 'muted' - if the author is in your mute list // 'name' - if we have it, the name of the author // (or your petname), else an empty string // 'nip05valid' - whether nip05 is valid for the author, // as a boolean // 'pow' - the Proof of Work on the event // 'pubkey' - the event author public key, as a hex // string // 'seconds_known' - the number of seconds that the author // of the event has been known to gossip // 'spamsafe' - true only if the event came in from a // relay marked as SpamSafe during Process // (even if the global setting for SpamSafe // is off) fn filter() { // Show spam on global // (global events are ephemeral; these won't grow the // database) if caller=="Global" { return ALLOW; } // Block ReplyGuy if name.contains("ReplyGuy") || name.contains("ReplyGal") { return DENY; } // Block known DM spam // (giftwraps are unwrapped before the content is passed to // this script) if content.to_lower().contains( "Mr. Gift and Mrs. Wrap under the tree, KISSING!" ) { return DENY; } // Reject events from new pubkeys, unless they have a high // PoW or we somehow already have a nip05valid for them // // If this turns out to be a legit person, we will start // hearing their events 2 seconds from now, so we will // only miss their very first event. if seconds_known <= 2 && pow < 25 && !nip05valid { return DENY; } // Mute offensive people if content.to_lower().contains(" kike") || content.to_lower().contains("kike ") || content.to_lower().contains(" nigger") || content.to_lower().contains("nigger ") { return MUTE; } // Reject events from muted people // // Gossip already does this internally, and since we are // not Process, this is rather redundant. But this works // as an example. if muted { return DENY; } // Accept if the PoW is large enough if pow >= 25 { return ALLOW; } // Accept if their NIP-05 is valid if nip05valid { return ALLOW; } // Accept if the event came through a spamsafe relay if spamsafe { return ALLOW; } // Reject the rest DENY } ```

@ 6bae33c8:607272e8

My only dog in the fight is in the NFFC playoff contest wherein you a pick player on each team whose scores double, triple and quadruple each round his team advances. So it’s important to pick players initially you think will not only score a lot per game, but who will also advance to the Super Bowl. The quarterbacks are key here because they score the most points, and usually you pick one in each conference so there’s a chance you can have two match up at 4x points in the Super Bowl. But I went with Patrick Mahomes and Lamar Jackson, figuring they could both be 3x in the AFC Championship, and I’d be guaranteed to get one of them at 4x in that case. In the NFC, I used Jahmyr Gibbs and Saquon Barkley on the two favorites, both of whom routinely outscore their respective QBs. For God knows what reason I used the Denver kicker (instead of the Texans kicker) even though the Texans were only three-point dogs, while the Broncos were nine. I think I still have a personal bias against Houston after drafting C.J. Stroud and Stefon Diggs everywhere this year only to see the passing game implode. But what happens in the later rounds is far more important, even if I gave away two-rounds worth of kicker points by that misstep. The team I faded was the Bills. I used their defense, but if they beat the Ravens next week I’m drawing deader than dead. I could have used the Chargers defense instead and put in James Cook over Ladd McConkey at the flex. McConkey went nuts, but Cook did well too, and remember he’s 2x next week. - I saw only the end of the first half of Texans-Chargers. The Texans outscored them 10-0 in the second quarter and took control of the game. Stroud picked up a bad snap, rolled out and made a massive throw on one drive and also scrambled for 27 yards, looking *much* faster than I had remembered. - The Texans defense has always been pretty good. They could slog it out in Arrowhead, but I expect the Chiefs with kill them with 1000 papercuts. - McConkey is great, but the Chargers are short one serious playmaker. They need an elite TE, an elite pass-catching back or another WR at a minimum. - I didn’t catch Ravens-Steelers, but I expected the game to go more or less like that. Russell Wilson shouldn’t be a starting quarterback anymore (obviously.) - I watched most of Broncos-Bills. There was hope early, but the Bills, like the Chiefs, paper-cut you to death before the defense wears down, and then they get the big plays. It’s just very hard to stop a Josh Allen (or Mahomes) team from getting 10 yards in four downs. - The Broncos should be a fun team going forward with Bo Nix and Sean Payton. They need to improve the running game and add a pass-catching TE though. - The Packers hung around for a while, but they were already down Christian Watson then lost both Romeo Doubs and Jayden Reed during the game. They didn’t have enough juice. - The Eagles offense was sluggish. It wasn’t a problem against the depleted Packers, but the winner of the Rams-Vikings tonight should push them more. - I watched the 40-minute version of Bucs-Killer Redskins. The Bucs were more efficient offensively and had an easier time converting first downs. But the KR’s converted some key fourth downs including a TD pass, and the Baker Mayfield botched handoff on the jet sweep was crushing. I love based Todd Bowles, but the KRs have more upside, in my opinion with Jayden Daniels. - Terry McLaurin might be a Hall of Fame level receiver whose talent was hidden for years by bad QB play. Their other receiver was dynamic and brown too. - The KRs couldn’t run the ball to save their lives. Brian Robinson has power, but he needs to get going, and he never had a chance. - Bucky Irving seems to have taken the job entirely now, which means he probably will go in the second round of drafts next year. Good on Bowles for making the switch from the veteran Rachaad White to the clearly superior talent. - The Lions will probably run over the KRs next week, but Daniels is dangerous.

@ c6f7077f:ad5d48fd

***“The more you learn about something, the more you realize you know nothing.”*** This saying resonates deeply with me. The truth is, **no one really has all the big answers**. Many in the scientific community seem to pretend they do. Let’s explore this further. #### ***Consider the Most Fundamental Questions*** 1. **The Origin of the Universe** 2. **The Origin of Life on Earth** #### ***The Origin of the Universe*** You might think we have a solid answer: **the Big Bang**. However, this explanation has its limitations, and calling it a “start” can be misleading. In fact, this theory might be entirely wrong. New research challenges the Big Bang theory, and I highly recommend listening to **Sir Roger Penrose** for a deeper understanding. The only substantial evidence we have is the universe's expansion. Penrose proposes a different hypothesis: **the endless expansion and contraction of the universe**. This idea doesn’t contradict our current understanding. Thus, the evidence for the Big Bang and Penrose’s theory are both radically different, yet **neither can be definitively proven** over the other. This highlights the **limitations of our current understanding**. #### ***The Origin of Life on Earth*** The origin of life is even more complex. Life requires three essential components: - **Proteins** for basic functioning - **RNA** for storing and replicating genes - **Lipids** (cell walls) to create separation from the environment Mathematical models suggest that while proteins and lipids have a reasonable probability of forming, the creation of RNA seems nearly impossible through random mutations in a short time frame. The best explanations indicate that we either lack crucial information or that these RNA molecules—and life as a whole—might have come from **outside sources**. Some scholars even question the entire **random mutation model**. #### ***The Question of Certainty*** If scientists don’t know the answers, **why do they pretend they do?** In my humble opinion, **It seems they do this to distance science from religion and to close the discussion before the wealthiest can fit God into the narrative,** Interestingly, I’m not alone in believing they closed the books too early. #### ***Reclaiming Control of Science and Education*** The best way to reclaim control of science and education is to **learn**. If you’re looking for a starting point, I highly recommend: - **“A Brief History of Time”** by **Stephen Hawking** for physics - **“Sapiens”** or **“The Selfish Gene”** for evolutionary biology All three are excellent starting points—densely packed with information and covering a wide range of topics in a concise and accessible manner.

@ 58937958:545e6994

Spiralのキャラクター「ビットコイン（パペット）」のコロッケを作りました  作り方は一般的なコロッケです 試しにタネの状態で手足をくっつけたバージョン（右）も作りましたが 粉をつける前に手足がもげました  顔はのりとスライスチーズ 手足ははんぺんです 足は醤油をつけてトースターで軽く焼いたら茶色になりました  手足はサラスパでくっつけてます 細いスパゲッティ キャラ弁でググったらサラスパが出てきてなるほどな～と思いました 自分は揚げパスタにして刺しました 弁当箱に押し込まれてるコロッケくん  半減期  メモ - タネを作った時に形を保たせるために冷凍してみたんですけど逆効果だった（皿とクッキングペーパーにくっついて取れなくなった＆半解凍したら水分がすごいことになった）ので冷凍するなら対策が必要そう - 形作るときにかなりパサパサだったので、つなぎがあった方がいいのかも（今回はじゃがいも＆炒めタマネギだけ） ビットコインくんの形はすごく作りやすくて面白いのでまた何か作りたいなぁと思いました nostr:nevent1qqsxgpjvf9g9suhzx5asqhvnlvnarl43kuhas8v5g2ryjr9yjjp0z5ctkh5pt

@ 2f4550b0:95f20096

In our ever-changing world, whether you're heading up a business, a non-profit, or a government organization, leading with empathy is a key skill necessary for connecting with stakeholders and employees. As illustrated so starkly this week in the face of the devastating fires in Los Angeles, leaders are finding out that empathy isn't just a nice-to-have; it's essential for effective leadership. Here's how compassion can supercharge your leadership in any kind of organization. ### Understanding Empathy in Leadership Empathy in leadership isn't just about getting where people are coming from; it's about genuinely caring about their perspectives, feelings, and personal needs. An empathetic leader doesn't just listen to respond; they listen to understand and connect. This approach creates a culture where everyone feels seen, heard, and valued, leading to stronger loyalty, motivation, and productivity across the board. In Los Angeles, neither Governor Gavin Newsom nor Mayor Karen Bass displayed the type of empathy necessary to reassure victims of the wildfires that competent support was available. During multiple encounters with residents and media, Newsom and Bass struggled to say anything meaningful about the help that was available, their care for the people who had devastating losses, and their accountability for poor preparation ahead of knowable fire risks. ### Improving How We Communicate Empathy really ups the game when it comes to communication. Leaders who lead with empathy handle conflicts better, negotiate with more finesse, and give feedback that's helpful rather than harsh. This kind of communication breaks down walls, fosters open dialogue, and builds trust like nothing else. Trust is the foundation of any successful team, no matter the sector, and without it, even the best plans can fall apart. Governor Ron DeSantis of Florida displayed this type of communication during the 2024 hurricanes that affected many parts of his state. This communication style was empathetic, competent, and reassuring. ### Boosting Team Performance and Leading Change Empathetic leadership has a direct line to better team performance. Research shows that groups with empathetic leaders are more collaborative, innovative, and just happier at work. When folks know their leaders care about them as people, not just workers, they're more likely to give their all. This isn't just about good vibes; it's about creating a space where people feel safe to take risks, share new ideas, and innovate. Change is a constant, whether you’re in business, non-profit, or government, and how leaders manage this change can make or break an organization. Empathetic leaders are pros at spotting and addressing the fears and concerns that come with change. They communicate openly, support their team, and guide transitions with a focus on the human aspect. This approach not only eases the process but keeps the team united and focused when things get unpredictable. ### Challenges and Considerations Of course, leading with empathy has its hurdles. It's all about finding the right balance; too much empathy might make tough calls harder to make or seem like you're not objective enough. Leaders need to practice empathy without losing the edge of their leadership role. Also, watch out for empathy fatigue, where too much emotional involvement can lead to burnout. ### Conclusion Leading with empathy isn't just about being kind; it's a smart strategy that boosts leadership effectiveness in any organization. It builds tougher, more adaptable teams that are ready for whatever comes their way. As we look to the future, weaving empathy into leadership isn't just good for the soul; it's good for success. At the end of the day, every organization, whether it's for-profit, non-profit, or governmental, is all about its people. Understanding and valuing them is the secret to unlocking their true potential.

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# What Can We Get by Breaking NOSTR? "What if we just started over? What if we took everything we have learned while building nostr and did it all again, but did it right this time?" That is a question I've heard quite a number of times, and it is a question I have pondered quite a lot myself. My conclusion (so far) is that I believe that we can fix all the important things without starting over. There are different levels of breakage, starting over is the most extreme of them. In this post I will describe these levels of breakage and what each one could buy us. ## Cryptography Your key-pair is the most fundamental part of nostr. That is your portable identity. If the cryptography changed from secp256k1 to ed25519, all current nostr identities would not be usable. This would be a complete start over. Every other break listed in this post could be done as well to no additional detriment (save for reuse of some existing code) because we would be starting over. Why would anyone suggest making such a break? What does this buy us? - [Curve25519 is a safe curve](https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/) meaning a bunch of specific cryptography things that us mortals do not understand but we are assured that it is somehow better. - Ed25519 is more modern, said to be faster, and has more widespread code/library support than secp256k1. - Nostr keys could be used as TLS server certificates. [TLS 1.3](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-4.4.2) using [RFC 7250 Raw Public Keys](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7250) allows raw public keys as certificates. No DNS or certification authorities required, removing several points of failure. These ed25519 keys could be used in TLS, whereas secp256k1 keys cannot as no TLS algorithm utilizes them AFAIK. Since relays currently don't have assigned nostr identities but are instead referenced by a websocket URL, this doesn't buy us much, but it is interesting. This idea is explored further below (keep reading) under a lesser level of breakage. Besides breaking everything, another downside is that people would not be able to manage nostr keys with bitcoin hardware. I am fairly strongly against breaking things this far. I don't think it is worth it. ## Signature Scheme and Event Structure Event structure is the next most fundamental part of nostr. Although events can be represented in many ways (clients and relays usually parse the JSON into data structures and/or database columns), the nature of the content of an event is well defined as seven particular fields. If we changed those, that would be a hard fork. This break is quite severe. All current nostr events wouldn't work in this hard fork. We would be preserving identities, but all content would be starting over. It would be difficult to bridge between this fork and current nostr because the bridge couldn't create the different signature required (not having anybody's private key) and current nostr wouldn't be generating the new kind of signature. Therefore any bridge would have to do identity mapping just like bridges to entirely different protocols do (e.g. mostr to mastodon). What could we gain by breaking things this far? - We could have a faster event hash and id verification: the current signature scheme of nostr requires lining up 5 JSON fields into a JSON array and using that as hash input. There is a performance cost to copying this data in order to hash it. - We could introduce a subkey field, and sign events via that subkey, while preserving the pubkey as the author everybody knows and searches by. Note however that we can already get a remarkably similar thing using something like NIP-26 where the actual author is in a tag, and the pubkey field is the signing subkey. - We could refactor the kind integer into composable bitflags (that could apply to any application) and an application kind (that specifies the application). - Surely there are other things I haven't thought of. I am currently against this kind of break. I don't think the benefits even come close to outweighing the cost. But if I learned about other things that we could "fix" by restructuring the events, I could possibly change my mind. ## Replacing Relay URLs Nostr is defined by relays that are addressed by websocket URLs. If that changed, that would be a significant break. Many (maybe even most) current event kinds would need superseding. The most reasonable change is to define relays with nostr identities, specifying their pubkey instead of their URL. What could we gain by this? - We could ditch reliance on DNS. Relays could publish events under their nostr identity that advertise their current IP address(es). - We could ditch certificates because relays could generate ed25519 keypairs for themselves (or indeed just self-signed certificates which might be much more broadly supported) and publish their public ed25519 key in the same replaceable event where they advertise their current IP address(es). This is a gigantic break. Almost all event kinds need redefining and pretty much all nostr software will need fairly major upgrades. But it also gives us a kind of Internet liberty that many of us have dreamt of our entire lives. I am ambivalent about this idea. ## Protocol Messaging and Transport The protocol messages of nostr are the next level of breakage. We could preserve keypair identities, all current events, and current relay URL references, but just break the protocol of how clients and relay communicate this data. This would not necessarily break relay and client implementations at all, so long as the new protocol were opt-in. What could we get? - The new protocol could transmit events in binary form for increased performance (no more JSON parsing with it's typical many small memory allocations and string escaping nightmares). I think event throughput could double (wild guess). - It could have clear expectations of who talks first, and when and how AUTH happens, avoiding a lot of current miscommunication between clients and relays. - We could introduce bitflags for feature support so that new features could be added later and clients would not bother trying them (and getting an error or timing out) on relays that didn't signal support. This could replace much of NIP-11. - We could then introduce something like negentropy or negative filters (but not that... probably something else solving that same problem) without it being a breaking change. - The new protocol could just be a few websocket-binary messages enhancing the current protocol, continuing to leverage the existing websocket-text messages we currently have, meaning newer relays would still support all the older stuff. The downsides are just that if you want this new stuff you have to build it. It makes the protocol less simple, having now multiple protocols, multiple ways of doing the same thing. Nonetheless, this I am in favor of. I think the trade-offs are worth it. I will be pushing a draft PR for this soon. ## The path forward I propose then the following path forward: 1. A new nostr protocol over websockets binary (draft PR to be shared soon) 2. Subkeys brought into nostr via NIP-26 (but let's use a single letter tag instead, OK?) via a big push to get all the clients to support it (the transition will be painful - most major clients will need to support this before anybody can start using it). 3. Some kind of solution to the negative-filter-negentropy need added to the new protocol as its first optional feature. 4. We seriously consider replacing Relay URLs with nostr pubkeys assigned to the relay, and then have relays publish their IP address and TLS key or certificate. We sacrifice these: 1. Faster event hash/verification 2. Composable event bitflags 3. Safer faster more well-supported crypto curve 4. Nostr keys themselves as TLS 1.3 RawPublicKey certificates

@ 72592ec9:ffa64d2c

16 years ago, SATOSHI posted this message to sourceforge - Announcing Bitcoin V0.1 - This sourceforge announcement is almost identical to the Cryptography Mailing List announcement, posted on January 8th 2009. There are a few grammatical differences and a different download link for the Bitcoin program, but other than that, the message is the same. 21 million coins and no more. The fun thing about this sourceforge announcement is that it appears to have been forgotten. The record for it is not accounted for by The Nakamoto Institute, The Book of Satoshi, or even Kicking The Hornets Nest Perhaps it should be added to the Satoshi history books. Makes you wonder what other forgotten digital artifacts are out there. https://x.com/BITCOINALLCAPS/status/1878871291442421775 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/848887

@ 4523be58:ba1facd0

NIP-116 ======= Event paths ----------- ### Description Event kind `30079` denotes an event defined by its *event path* rather than its event kind. The *event directory path* is included in the event path, specified in the event's `d` tag. For example, an event path might be `user/profile/name`, where `user/profile` is the directory path. Relays should parse the event directory from the event path `d` tag and index the event by it. Relays should support "directory listing" of kind `30079` events using the `#f` filter, such as `{"#f": ["user/profile"]}`. For backward compatibility, the event directory should also be saved in the event's `f` tag (for "folder"), which is already indexed by some relay implementations, and can be queried using the `#f` filter. Event content should be a JSON-encoded value. An empty object `{}` signifies that the entry at the event path is itself a directory. For example, when saving `user/profile/name`: `Bob`, you should also save `user/profile`: `{}` so the subdirectory can be listed under `user`. In directory names, slashes should be escaped with a double slash. ### Example #### Event ```json { "tags": [ ["d", "user/profile/name"], ["f", "user/profile"] ], "content": "\"Bob\"", "kind": 30079, ... } ``` #### Query ```json { "#f": ["user/profile"], "authors": ["[pubkey]"] } ``` ### Motivation To make Nostr an "everything app," we need a sustainable way to support new kinds of applications. Browsing Nostr data by human-readable nested directories and paths rather than obscure event kind numbers makes the data more manageable. Numeric event kinds are not sustainable for the infinite number of potential applications. With numeric event kinds, developers need to find an unused number for each new application and announce it somewhere, which is cumbersome and not scalable. Directories can also replace monolithic list events like follow lists or profile details. You can update a single directory entry such as `user/profile/name` or `groups/follows/[pubkey]` without causing an overwrite of the whole profile or follow list when your client is out-of-sync with the most recent list version, as often happens on Nostr. Using `d`-tagged replaceable events for reactions, such as `{tags: [["d", "reactions/[eventId]"]], content: "\"👍\"", kind: 30079, ...}` would make un-reacting trivial: just publish a new event with the same `d` tag and an empty content. Toggling a reaction on and off would not cause a flurry of new reaction & delete events that all need to be persisted. ### Implementations - Relays that support tag-replaceable events and indexing by arbitrary tags (in this case `f`) already support this feature. - [IrisDB](https://github.com/irislib/irisdb) client side library: treelike data structure with subscribable nodes. https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1266

@ 18e3af1e:1d42e5df

Las comunidades son creadas mediante el esfuerzo de no solo un individuo, sino al trabajo de docenas; cientos o miles de personas. Mediante la especialización, como especie, logramos entender que: el saber hacer una sola cosa no significa morir de hambre, o no estar bien preparado para un ataque; por lo contrario, el dominio o maestría de una sola cosa... Puede crear una civilización entera. Permitirnos un enfoque certero para aprender, dominar y amaestrar nuestras actividades en un periodo de tiempo finito, permitió nuestro avance hacia nuevos campos, de hecho, movió nuestra meta en magnitud tal, que al imaginar el pasado (para muchos) parece mas bien una película cómica y sombría. Hoy en día, en un mundo regido por individualismo en el reino físico, la manifestación de constructores de comunidades sigue presente en el (reino) digital. ### La evolución de la construcción A lo largo de la historia de la humanidad, la construcción ha evolucionado desde simples refugios hasta monumentos arquitectónicos y estructuras vanguardistas. Los primeros humanos crearon refugios rudimentarios con materiales naturales. Con la civilización, surgieron las primeras estructuras permanentes, como pirámides y templos, reflejando la organización social y creencias religiosas. La antigua Roma introdujo la innovación en la ingeniería con acueductos y arcos. La Edad Media vio fortificaciones y catedrales góticas que fusionaban espiritualidad y técnica. El Renacimiento abrazó la proporción y la simetría en palacios y edificios renombrados. La Revolución Industrial marcó un cambio radical con el acero y el hormigón, permitiendo rascacielos y puentes icónicos. El siglo XX trajo consigo la era de los rascacielos y la arquitectura modernista, desafiando límites estructurales y estéticos. La sostenibilidad ganó importancia en el siglo XXI, impulsando la incorporación de tecnologías avanzadas, como la impresión 3D y la construcción modular. La historia de la construcción es un testimonio de la creatividad y la adaptabilidad humanas, reflejando no solo avances técnicos, sino también valores culturales y aspiraciones. En el día hoy, los desarrolladores de software y tecnología podrían considerarse como los constructores del próximo siglo. Al igual que los constructores en otras épocas históricas, los desarrolladores de software son responsables de crear estructuras digitales que moldean la forma en que interactuamos, comunicamos y vivimos en el mundo moderno. A medida que la tecnología continúa avanzando y la sociedad se vuelve cada vez más digital, el papel de los desarrolladores de software se vuelve crucial en la construcción de soluciones tecnológicas que abordan una amplia gama de desafíos. Así como los arquitectos y constructores antiguos debían entender la física, la estética y las necesidades humanas para diseñar y construir edificios funcionales y atractivos, los desarrolladores de software deben comprender la lógica de programación, la experiencia del usuario, la seguridad cibernética y la innovación tecnológica para crear aplicaciones, sistemas y plataformas que sean útiles y efectivos. ### Individuos que inspiran La inspiración individual es un poderoso motor de cambio que puede tener un impacto significativo en la mente colectiva de una comunidad o sociedad. Cuando una persona demuestra pasión, determinación y una visión positiva, puede influir en otros a nivel emocional y cognitivo. Aquí hay algunas formas en que la inspiración individual afecta a la mente colectiva: La gente puede verse reflejada en las luchas y logros de alguien más, lo que crea un sentido de unidad y comunidad. Esto puede generar un mayor apoyo y solidaridad en torno a ciertas causas o valores. Además, la inspiración individual puede llevar a la acción. Cuando las personas son testigos de un individuo que supera obstáculos o logra metas desafiantes, esto puede motivar a otros a enfrentar sus propios desafíos y trabajar hacia sus objetivos. El ejemplo de una sola persona puede encender la chispa de la acción en muchas más. La inspiración individual puede tener un efecto multiplicador. Cuando una persona inspirada comparte su historia o experiencia, puede inspirar a otros, creando una cadena de influencia que se extiende a través de redes sociales, comunidades y sociedades enteras. Esto puede tener un impacto a gran escala en la mente colectiva. El individuo inspirador tiene el potencial de influir profundamente en la mente colectiva al cambiar percepciones, motivar la acción y crear una sensación de comunidad y unidad. ### Comunidades: origen, inicios y progreso. Las comunidades han sido una parte fundamental de la experiencia humana a lo largo de la historia. Desde los primeros tiempos hasta la era moderna, las comunidades han evolucionado y cambiado en respuesta a las necesidades, avances tecnológicos y contextos culturales. Desde los primeros días de la humanidad, nuestros antepasados se agruparon en pequeñas comunidades para sobrevivir. Estas comunidades eran grupos familiares o tribus que compartían recursos y conocimientos para cazar, recolectar alimentos y protegerse de los peligros. La cooperación y la solidaridad eran esenciales para la supervivencia. Con el desarrollo de la agricultura, las comunidades evolucionaron hacia asentamientos más permanentes. La capacidad de cultivar alimentos permitió la formación de aldeas y pueblos, donde la gente podía establecerse y construir relaciones más complejas. Esto llevó al surgimiento de una división del trabajo más especializada y al desarrollo de habilidades artesanales. Las civilizaciones antiguas, como la sumeria, egipcia, griega y romana, dieron paso a la formación de ciudades y sociedades más organizadas. Las comunidades se convirtieron en centros de comercio, gobierno y cultura. Se construyeron estructuras monumentales, como templos y palacios, que unificaron a las personas en torno a creencias religiosas y sistemas políticos. Durante la Edad Media, las comunidades se organizaron en torno a sistemas feudales. Los señores feudales gobernaban sobre las tierras y las personas locales. Las aldeas y feudos eran autónomos en gran medida y se centraban en la agricultura y la autosuficiencia. La Revolución Industrial marcó un cambio importante en la estructura de las comunidades. La industrialización dio lugar a la urbanización, con muchas personas dejando las zonas rurales para trabajar en fábricas en las ciudades. En la era moderna, las comunidades han continuado evolucionando con avances tecnológicos y la globalización. Las redes sociales y las comunicaciones digitales han conectado a personas de todo el mundo, creando comunidades virtuales en línea. ### Bitcoin | Nostr y la chispa del constructor Como ya vimos, un solo individuo puede inspirar a muchos otros, teniendo un efecto multiplicador. Esto no solo se traduce al mundo físico, por el contrario, esta directamente ligado a nuestra psicología, incluso podemos decir que va aun mas allá, adentrándonos en el terreno ideológico y espiritual. Hasta hace no mucho, estábamos a merced de las grandes corporaciones que construían todo por nosotros, mientras esperábamos con ansias las nuevas actualizaciones de cada iteración de sus productos. Cada vez mas y mas nos hacíamos dependientes de dichas corporaciones sin quizás notarlo, poco a poco se fueron apoderando de nuestro tiempo y muy insidiosamente de nuestra personalidad e identidad. Gracias a las alternativas presentadas hoy en día y a los individuos que inspiran a otros, existe la posibilidad de construir algo que va mas allá de las grandes corporaciones, porque transciende no solo el nivel físico y digital, sino que también transciende a los individuos que aportan a la comunidad. Estoy hablando por supuesto de Nostr, y como los incentivos están alineados gracias a Bitcoin. Pongamos como ejemplo un par de nombres para ilustrar como individuos que inspirar pueden crear una chispa que se extiende a cada persona dentro de la comunidad. Personajes como nostr:npub1l2vyh47mk2p0qlsku7hg0vn29faehy9hy34ygaclpn66ukqp3afqutajft nostr:npub1utx00neqgqln72j22kej3ux7803c2k986henvvha4thuwfkper4s7r50e8 nostr:npub1v0lxxxxutpvrelsksy8cdhgfux9l6a42hsj2qzquu2zk7vc9qnkszrqj49 nostr:npub107jk7htfv243u0x5ynn43scq9wrxtaasmrwwa8lfu2ydwag6cx2quqncxg (entre muchos otros que podría mencionar pero todo el articulo seria una lista de nombres) han inspirado a otros desarrolladores, creadores de contenido (y todas las otras especializaciones que te puedas imaginar…) A construir sobre este protocolo. Incluso, personas como el caso mas reciente de nostr:npub1m64hnkh6rs47fd9x6wk2zdtmdj4qkazt734d22d94ery9zzhne5qw9uaks han encontrado inspiración para aprender a programar sobre estos mismos rieles. > nostr:nevent1qqs8fe938k7j5sxcprrv89ezpu09m9pzm90f0sq24hnwlwu0rmn09qcpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxg5vtygh La chispa del constructor en palabras mas concisas es: **Inspiración multiplicadora en pos de la productividad y por ende, del crecimiento de una comunidad.** Sin Bitcoin y Lightning Network, esto seria posible, pero mucho menos efectivo debido a que las personas detrás de toda labor que este enfocada en creación de contenido, desarrollo, etc. Tienen que comer. ### Conclusión La chispa del constructor radica en la inspiración individual que impulsa a la acción colectiva. Desde la evolución de la construcción hasta las comunidades digitales, **el poder de un individuo inspirado puede moldear el presente y el futuro de las comunidades en todo el mundo.**

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

# Nostr is not decentralized nor censorship-resistant Peter Todd has been [saying this](nostr:nevent1qqsq5zzu9ezhgq6es36jgg94wxsa2xh55p4tfa56yklsvjemsw7vj3cpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ez6ur4vgh8wetvd3hhyer9wghxuet5qy8hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnddaksz9rhwden5te0dehhxarj9ehhsarj9ejx2aspzfmhxue69uhk7enxvd5xz6tw9ec82cspz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduq3vamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwdehhxarj9e3xzmnyqy28wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgu3wvfnsz9nhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wspzpn92tr3hexwgt0z7w4qz3fcch4ryshja8jeng453aj4c83646jxvxkyvs4) for a long time and all the time I've been thinking he is misunderstanding everything, but I guess a more charitable interpretation is that he is right. Nostr _today_ is indeed centralized. Yesterday I published two harmless notes with the exact same content at the same time. In two minutes the notes had a noticeable difference in responses:  The top one was published to `wss://nostr.wine`, `wss://nos.lol`, `wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com`. The second was published to the relay where I generally publish all my notes to, `wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com`, and that is announced on my [NIP-05 file](https://fiatjaf.com/.well-known/nostr.json) and on my [NIP-65](https://nips.nostr.com/65) relay list. A few minutes later I published that screenshot again in two identical notes to the same sets of relays, asking if people understood the implications. The difference in quantity of responses can still be seen today:  These results are skewed now by the fact that the two notes got rebroadcasted to multiple relays after some time, but the fundamental point remains. What happened was that a huge lot more of people saw the first note compared to the second, and if Nostr was really censorship-resistant that shouldn't have happened at all. Some people implied in the comments, with an air of obviousness, that publishing the note to "more relays" should have predictably resulted in more replies, which, again, shouldn't be the case if Nostr is really censorship-resistant. What happens is that most people who engaged with the note are _following me_, in the sense that they have instructed their clients to fetch my notes on their behalf and present them in the UI, and clients are failing to do that despite me making it clear in multiple ways that my notes are to be found on `wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com`. If we were talking not about me, but about some public figure that was being censored by the State and got banned (or shadowbanned) by the 3 biggest public relays, the sad reality would be that the person would immediately get his reach reduced to ~10% of what they had before. This is not at all unlike what happened to dozens of personalities that were banned from the corporate social media platforms and then moved to other platforms -- how many of their original followers switched to these other platforms? Probably some small percentage close to 10%. In that sense Nostr today is similar to what we had before. Peter Todd is right that if the way Nostr works is that you just subscribe to a small set of relays and expect to get everything from them then it tends to get very centralized very fast, and this is the reality today. Peter Todd is wrong that Nostr is _inherently_ centralized or that it needs a _protocol change_ to become what it has always purported to be. He is in fact wrong today, because what is written above is not valid for all clients of today, and if we [drive in the right direction](nostr:naddr1qqykycekxd3nxdpcvgq3zamnwvaz7tmxd9shg6npvchxxmmdqgsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8grqsqqqa2803ksy8) we can successfully make Peter Todd be more and more wrong as time passes, instead of the contrary. --- See also: - [Censorship-resistant relay discovery in Nostr](nostr:naddr1qqykycekxd3nxdpcvgq3zamnwvaz7tmxd9shg6npvchxxmmdqgsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8grqsqqqa2803ksy8) - [A vision for content discovery and relay usage for basic social-networking in Nostr](nostr:naddr1qqyrxe33xqmxgve3qyghwumn8ghj7enfv96x5ctx9e3k7mgzyqalp33lewf5vdq847t6te0wvnags0gs0mu72kz8938tn24wlfze6qcyqqq823cywwjvq)

@ 604e96e0:20279eb2

notacomment allows you to zap nostr notes when you comment on them. In order to use notacomment, you have to run a script yourself either on your own computer or in the cloud somewhere. To get started open https://github.com/SamSamskies/notacomment in a browser tab. At this point, I'm sure a lot of you are feeling like this:  Let's breakdown the instructions from the README. ## Prerequisites Node.js and npm - I suggest installing the latest Node.js LTS version from https://nodejs.org. That should also install npm. Once installation is complete, open your terminal. On a Mac you can press cmd + spacebar and type in `terminal` to open the terminal. On other platforms, you'll have to ask ChatGPT 😂 . To verify installation of Node.js type `node -v`. To verify installation type `npm -v`. It should look something like this:  Leave the terminal open. ## Downloading the code to your computer The easiest way to download the code is to download the zip file from the GitHub repo. Remember that first link I told you to open? That's the GitHub repo. Click the green button that says `Code` on it and click `Download ZIP` from the menu.  Now unzip the file and then navigate to the folder in the terminal. To navigate to the folder use the `cd` command. If you unzipped the folder in the `Downloads` folder, you can navigate to the folder by typing `cd ~/Downloads/notacomment-main/`. ## Usage With Strike 1. Create an account with Strike if you don't already have one https://strike.me/download/ 1. Get a Strike API key with all the payment scopes from https://dashboard.strike.me/ 1. Create a .env file and provide NOSTR_NSEC and STRIKE_API_KEY values (see .env.example) 1. Install the dependencies using npm or yarn or whatever your heart desires 1. Make sure you have money in your Strike account 1. Run the script `npm start` Keep in mind that Strike pays the invoices from your cash balance. This means the payment rounds up to the nearest cent when paying an invoice, so if you set the zap amount to 1 sat, you'll be sending more money to Strike than the person you are zapping with every zap. ## Usage With LNbits I recommend making a separate wallet from your main LNbits wallet for usage with notacomment in case you accidentally leak the admin key. 1. Create a .env file and provide NOSTR_NSEC, LNBITS_ADMIN_KEY, and LNBITS_URL values (see .env.example) 1. Install the dependencies using npm or yarn or whatever your heart desires 1. Make sure you have sats in your LNbits wallet 1. Run the script `npm start` ## Usage With Nostr Wallet Connect 1. Create a NWC connection string using something like https://nwc.getalby.com/ 1. Create a .env file and provide NOSTR_NSEC and NWC_CONNECTION_STRING values (see .env.example) 1. Install the dependencies using npm or yarn or whatever your heart desires 1. Make sure you have sats in your wallet that you generated the NWC connection string with 1. Run the script `npm start` <br /> <br /> Screenshot of terminal with commands to install dependencies, create .env file, open .env file, and start the script: 

@ 000002de:c05780a7

I've lived most of my life in California. I am very familiar with Southern California and have traveled through it countless times over the last 30+ years. I've enjoyed spending time in SoCal. My heart goes out to the people that have lost everything as well as the people living on the edge fearing the fires will come their way. Its terrible. Its also not a new story as we have seen this many times before, just not affecting this many people. There are many theories and factors people are discussing online. Many IMO are missing the key issues. Regardless of how the fires started, sadly this event has only a matter of time. Been thinking about this issue for years and thought I would share my thoughts with you all. These are my opinions, I'm not an expert but I do live in the state and have paid attention to this topic since I was a kid. I've always loved the forests of California and I care about the beautiful state and its people. As I've said before, the government of California is evil. After you read this I hope you will understand why I believe this. I think Gavin Newsom is to blame for many of the issues we face but its bigger than one man. Removing him from office will not fix this problem. It is far more complex. ## PG&E's Electricity Infrastructure & The Consequences of Monopolies & Price Controls I'm not sure at this point if PG&E is at fault for starting these fires but it is at fault for many in the recent past. PG&E is the largest utility company in the state and has a monopoly over most of the state. SoCal Gas & Electric has monopoly over the rest of the state. Both are public utilities which essentially means these are more like government controlled entities than private companies. California has long used price controls on electricity. We know that doesn't work. The state has restricted to addition of new power generation my entire life. So of course PG&E has to import power from other states requiring higher rates for their customers. Due to the mismanagement of PG&E the company has not kept its infrastructure up to date. Many fires are started by shorts in power lines and equipment that is older than me. If you wanna immediately find common ground with a Californian complain about PG&E. So who is at fault? PG&E and the state government. Since PG&E is essentially a government entity I lay the blame on the state. The problem is that most people have been programmed to believe utilities need to be controlled by government in addition to being monopolies. Its one of the most illogical beliefs to me. Since PG&E is a company people tend to just blame them instead of the politicians and the state. The result is politicians have little incentive to change things. ## The Smelt, Salmon, and Water The [Smelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_smelt) is a small fish that the Salmon eat. There has been a push for many years to restore the historic water ways that are a part of migration paths of the Salmon in California. California's [Central Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Valley_(California))(North of Southern California) is a massive producer of produce and other agriculture products. The issues around water are complex and the most frustrating thing for me, a person that was born and raised in the state is how the issues are rarely discussed in rational ways considering trade-offs. Instead there are usually just two sides presented. 1. The farmers need water so we need to build more water storage(dams). 2. We need to restore the historic water ways of the state and the specifically the historic Salmon runs through those water ways. I don't have a problem with either of these goals. The issue is that they are in opposition to each other. The fact is that water is needed by farmers in the Central Valley as well as people in Southern California. Southern California would not support the current population without the water from other places being funneled to that region. The farming industry of Central California would also not exist without sufficient water. Additionally the diversion of natural water flows via dams also has reduced flood risks in the state. So when you hear people talking about stealing water or SoCal doesn't have the water it needs this is a bit of context you might not hear. The state has done a terrible job managing water over the past 20 years. ## The Historic and Natural Occurrence of Wild Fires Over my lifetime I have watched as humans have build homes in areas that historically are prone to wild fires. As a kid in the government school system I was taught about forestry management. How the state and federal forestry services would clear dead brush, execute controlled burns, and cut fire lines to help prevent out of control wild fires. Even with this policy there was never a guarantee that homes could be protected but it does seem like that policy helped keep them smaller. What many people do not understand about wild fires is that they are natural and needed. When the population of California was sparse there weren't any fire fighters putting out fires. They would just burn themselves out. The [giant sequoia trees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoiadendron_giganteum) actually depend on wild fires to a certain extent. These fires would burn out the dead growth as well as smaller trees making way for only the strongest to survive. With the massive population growth of California over the past 100 years fire fighters have began to fight this form of nature. Like many natural forces this usually only postpones the inevitable. Its a tough decision. Do you let natural do its thing or protect people. Growing up the policy was to protect people. This meant putting out fires that threatened humans and their property. This included what I mentioned before. Logging, clearing out dead growth, controlled burns as well as other methods. In recent years the policy has shifted away from these policies and it is clear to me the results are disastrous. Once again trade-offs are rarely discussed when the government changes policy. Of course doing controlled burns affects air quality. Climate change is often mentioned as a reason to suspend controlled burns but it is clear to me that's just kicking the can down the road. The fires are going to happen. It is just a matter of time. ## Human Expansion In my opinion the single largest factor in these fires is the fact that humans have expanded into areas that historically are often cleared by wild fires. When government policy prioritized humans the risk would be reduced but instead of this the state has prioritized "environmental" interests. What makes this worse is that the state has also put their finger on the scales in regard to insurance. Once again, I rarely hear the fact that more people are living in forests as a massive factor. I have traveled all over the state over the last 30 years and the growth is incredible. I don't have a problem with his growth but you have to recognize the risk. In a free market insurance should handle this issue of risk. ## The Role of Insurance Insurance is all about calculating risk. If you seek insurance the higher your risk the higher the premium. On both ends of the scale of risk both parties will not enter into an agreement. If the risk is very low individuals will not naturally see a need for insurance. Insurance companies LOVE to sell insurance with low risk. The opposite is true. If your risk is high an insurance company cannot provide assurances of payment. The thing people most miss about insurance is that they play the role of evaluating risk. They are incentivized reduce risk, much more than the state. Recently insurance companies have stopped offering polices in California due to introduction of price controls and the state's forestry polices. In some of the areas now burning these companies have declined to renew fire polices. Why? Because the risk was to high. That should tell us something. ## What Is the Answer Remove regulations altering the natural market force of insurance. If an area is very risky insurance should be high. That is a signal that can very well save lives. I think people should be allowed to live on any property they own or rent. They should be able to do so without insurance as well. But insurance should be allowed to do what it does. Reduce risk and provide a valuable signal to the market. The same goes for power utilities. There needs to be a removal of the monopoly held by PG&E. They need to build nuclear plants in the state to provide power for the growing population. I believe the market, if allowed to operate would fix these issues. When it comes to environmentalism the state should pick a side. People, or environmentalism. If they pick environmentalism they should not bail out the insurance companies and restrict building back in areas affected by wild fires. To be clear, I oppose that position because I don't believe it is actually good for the environment of California and its destructive to human life. The other path is to return to managing the forests. Restore the forestry practices that worked for decades. Allow insurance to operate as a free market and listen to the market signals. When it comes to water its a similar situation. The reality is until farming practices change to be more regenerative and if the population level continues to grow the state is going to have to build more water storage and divert the natural flow of water. Humans are competing for resources with Salmon. I would love to see California restored to a more natural state but the reality is that will not be possible without a drastic population decrease and more fires like this. I don't think the people actually want that. They have been lied to for decades by politicians and environmentalists. I know this is a long post, there is much more I could say and I'm sure I'll hear it in the comments but I tried to keep this short. Its a very complex issue that the state and Newsom largely own. They will try to distract with many other things but this is where the focus should be IMO. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/848838

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# Implementing The Gossip Model version 2 (2024-03-23) ## Introduction ### History The gossip model is a general concept that allows clients to dynamically follow the content of people, without specifying which relay. The clients have to figure out where each person puts their content. Before NIP-65, the gossip client did this in multiple ways: 1. Checking kind-3 contents, which had relay lists for configuring some clients (originally Astral and Damus), and recognizing that wherever they were writing our client could read from. 2. NIP-05 specifying a list of relays in the `nostr.json` file. I added this to NIP-35 which got merged down into NIP-05. 3. Recommended relay URLs that are found in 'p' tags 4. Users manually making the association 5. History of where events happen to have been found. Whenever an event came in, we associated the author with the relay. Each of these associations were given a score (recommended relay urls are 3rd party info so they got a low score). Later, NIP-65 made a new kind of relay list where someone could advertise to others which relays they use. The flag "write" is now called an OUTBOX, and the flag "read" is now called an INBOX. The idea of inboxes came about during the development of NIP-65. They are a way to send an event to a person to make sure they get it... because putting it on your own OUTBOX doesn't guarantee they will read it -- they may not follow you. The *outbox model* is the use of NIP-65. It is a subset of the *gossip model* which uses every other resource at it's disposal. ### Rationale The gossip model keeps nostr decentralized. If all the (major) clients were using it, people could spin up small relays for both INBOX and OUTBOX and still be fully connected, have their posts read, and get replies and DMs. This is not to say that many people *should* spin up small relays. But the task of being decentralized necessitates that people *must be able* to spin up their own relay in case everybody else is censoring them. We must *make it possible*. In reality, congregating around 30 or so popular relays as we do today is not a problem. Not until somebody becomes very unpopular with bitcoiners (it will probably be a shitcoiner), and then that person is going to need to leave those popular relays and that person shouldn't lose their followers or connectivity in any way when they do. A lot more rationale has been discussed elsewhere and right now I want to move on to implementation advice. ## Implementation Advice ### Read NIP-65 [NIP-65](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/65.md) will contain great advice on which relays to consult for which purposes. This post does not supersede NIP-65. NIP-65 may be getting some smallish changes, mostly the addition of a private inbox for DMs, but also changes to whether you should read or write to just some or all of a set of relays. ### How often to fetch kind-10002 relay lists for someone This is up to you. Refreshing them every hour seems reasonable to me. Keeping track of when you last checked so you can check again every hour is a good idea. ### Where to fetch events from If your user follows another user (call them jack), then you should fetch jack's events from jack's OUTBOX relays. I think it's a good idea to use 2 of those relays. If one of those choices fails (errors), then keep trying until you get 2 of them that worked. This gives some redundancy in case one of them is censoring. You can bump that number up to 3 or 4, but more than that is probably just wasting bandwidth. To find events tagging your user, look in your user's INBOX relays for those. In this case, look into *all* of them because some clients will only write to *some* of them (even though that is no longer advised). ### Picking relays dynamically Since your user follows many other users, it is very useful to find a small subset of all of their OUTBOX relays that cover everybody followed. I wrote some code to do this as (it is used by gossip) that you can look at for [an example](https://github.com/mikedilger/gossip-relay-picker). ### Where to post events to Post all events (except DMs) to *all* of your users OUTBOX relays. Also post the events to *all* the INBOX relays of anybody that was tagged or mentioned in the contents in a nostr bech32 link (if desired). That way all these mentioned people are aware of the reply (or quote or repost). DMs should be posted only to INBOX relays (in the future, to PRIVATE INBOX relays). You should post it to your own INBOX relays also, because you'll want a record of the conversation. In this way, you can see all your DMs inbound and outbound at your INBOX relay. ### Where to publish your user's kind-10002 event to This event was designed to be small and not require moderation, plus it is replaceable so there is only one per user. For this reason, at the moment, just spread it around to lots of relays especially the most popular relays. For example, the gossip client automatically determines which relays to publish to based on whether they seem to be working (several hundred) and does so in batches of 10. ### How to find replies If all clients used the gossip model, you could find all the replies to any post in the author's INBOX relays for any event with an 'e' tag tagging the event you want replies to... because gossip model clients will publish them there. But given the non-gossip-model clients, you should also look where the event was seen and look on those relays too. ### Clobbering issues Please read your users kind 10002 event before clobbering it. You should look many places to make sure you didn't miss the newest one. If the old relay list had tags you don't understand (e.g. neither "read" nor "write"), then preserve them. ### How users should pick relays Today, nostr relays are not uniform. They have all kinds of different rule-sets and purposes. We severely lack a way to advice non-technical users as to which relays make good OUTBOX relays and which ones make good INBOX relays. But you are a dev, you can figure that out pretty well. For example, INBOX relays must accept notes from *anyone* meaning they can't be paid-subscription relays. ### Bandwidth isn't a big issue The outbox model doesn't require excessive bandwidth when done right. You shouldn't be downloading the same note many times... only 2-4 times depending on the level of redundancy your user wants. Downloading 1000 events from 100 relays is in theory the same amount of data as downloading 1000 events from 1 relay. But in practice, due to redundancy concerns, you will end up downloading 2000-3000 events from those 100 relays instead of just the 1000 you would in a single relay situation. Remember, per person followed, you will only ask for their events from 2-4 relays, not from all 100 relays!!! Also in practice, the cost of opening and maintaining 100 network connections is more than the cost of opening and maintaining just 1. But this isn't usually a big deal unless... ### Crypto overhead on Low-Power Clients Verifying Schnorr signatures in the secp256k1 cryptosystem is not cheap. Setting up SSL key exchange is not cheap either. But most clients will do a lot more event signature validations than they will SSL setups. For this reason, connecting to 50-100 relays is NOT hugely expensive for clients that are already verifying event signatures, as the number of events far surpasses the number of relay connections. But for low-power clients that can't do event signature verification, there is a case for them not doing a lot of SSL setups either. Those clients would benefit from a different architecture, where half of the client was on a more powerful machine acting as a proxy for the low-power half of the client. These halves need to trust each other, so perhaps this isn't a good architecture for a business relationship, but I don't know what else to say about the low-power client situation. ### Unsafe relays Some people complain that the outbox model directs their client to relays that their user has not approved. I don't think it is a big deal, as such users can use VPNs or Tor if they need privacy. But for such users that still have concerns, they may wish to use clients that give them control over this. As a client developer you can choose whether to offer this feature or not. The gossip client allows users to require whitelisting for connecting to new relays and for AUTHing to relays. ## See Also [The Gossip Model: Outstanding Issues](https://habla.news/u/mike@mikedilger.com/gossip-model-outstanding-issues)

@ 812cff5a:5c40aeeb

## نوستر الآن **كل تطبيقات نوستر حاليا هي مجرد عميل يتواصل مع مجموعة سيرڤرات متفرقة، نوتديك مختلف كليا** اذا كنت مستخدم لنوستر فانت على الاغبل تعلم ان الطريقة التي نتواصل من خلالها مع البروتوكول هي من خلال تطبيقات تتواصل مع سيرفرات مختلفة (تعرف باسم ريلاي) لارسال واستقبال المنشورات المتنوعة المتعارف عليها في البروتوكول. حتى الان اغلب هذه التطبيقات تتواصل تشكل مباشر مع السيرڤرات، وبصورى عامة هي تؤدي وظيفة محدودة. يمكن تشبيه هذه المرحلة من نوستر بزمن التطبيقات قبل انظمة التشغيل. ## نوستر قريباً **نوتديك هو اشبه بنظام تشغيل لتطوير جميع انواع التطبيقات بدل من ان يكون تطبيق نوستر محدود الميزات** يعمل نوتديك كطبقة ما بين السيرفرات والتطبيقات. يحتوي نوتديك على سيرڤر داخلي يتواصل مع السيرڤرات الاخرى ويقوم باستلام تحديثات الشبكة بشكل دائم. اما المستخدم، فيتفاعل مع نوتديك والسيرڤر المحلي فقط. هذا يسمح للمستخدم في التعامل مع نوتديك حتى لو لم يكن مرتبط بالانترنت، كما ان التواصل سريع جدا من منظور السمتخدم. ## امكانيات لا محدودة **اي مطور بامكانه استخدام الخدمات التي يقدمها نوتديك لتطوير تطبيقات تعمل داخل نوتديك وتستفيد من سرعة السيرڤر الداخلي** الجميل في عالم الكود المفتوح ان المطورين يقومون بتبني الافكار الجيدة والبدء بالبناء عليها بشكل فوري وبدوم قيود الموافقات والبيروقراطية العقيمة الموجودى في الشركات الكبيرة. بدأنا اللآن من رؤية التطبيقات المتوافقة مع نوتديك تظهر. اول مثال هو تطبيق زاب دوت سريم للبث المباشر. وهذه مجرد البداية، تقنياً، اي تطبيق على نوستر يستطيق الاستفادة من هذه الميزات.  ## كيف تستخدم نوتديك؟ **نوتديك مازال في ايامه الأولى، لكن اذا كنت من مستخدمين داموس البتنفسجي أو لديك بعض الخبرة التقنية فيمكن تحميله من موقع github** اذا كنت من مشتركي داموس البنفسجي، يمكنك تحميل نوتديك من هذا الرابط: [notedeck](https://damus.io/notedeck/) اذا اردت استخدام آخر تحديق من نوتديك عليك تحميل لغة برمجة rust بالإضافة إلى بعض تطبيقات الكومبايلنغ ثم تشغيل التطبيق من هذا الرابط: [github-notedeck](https://github.com/damus-io/notedeck) ## للمساعدة اذا احتجتم لمساعدة أو ترغبون في تقديم الدعم في تطوير نوتديك، يمكنكم التواصل مع nostr:npub1nje4ghpkjsxe5thcd4gdt3agl2usxyxv3xxyx39ul3xgytl5009q87l02j للتواصل مع المطور: nostr:npub1xtscya34g58tk0z605fvr788k263gsu6cy9x0mhnm87echrgufzsevkk5s

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

I'm glad to see more activity and discussion about the gossip model. Glad to see [fiatjaf](nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6) and [Jack](nostr:npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m) posting about it, as well as many developers pitching in in the replies. There are difficult problems we need to overcome, and finding notes while remaining decentralized without huge note copying overhead was just the first. While the gossip model (including the outbox model which is just the NIP-65 part) completely eliminates the need to copy notes around to lots of relays, and keeps us decentralized, it brings about it's own set of new problems. No community is ever of the same mind on any issue, and this issue is no different. We have a lot of divergent opinions. This note will be my updated thoughts on these topics. COPYING TO CENTRAL RELAYS IS A NON-STARTER: The idea that you can configure your client to use a few popular "centralized" relays and everybody will copy notes into those central relays is a non-starter. It destroys the entire raison d'être of nostr. I've heard people say that more decentralization isn't our biggest issue. But decentralization is THE reason nostr exists at all, so we need to make sure we live up to the hype. Otherwise we may as well just all join Bluesky. It has other problems too: the central relays get overloaded, and the notes get copied to too many relays, which is both space-inefficient and network bandwith inefficient. ISSUE 1: Which notes should I fetch from which relays? This is described pretty well now in NIP-65. But that is only the "outbox" model part. The "gossip model" part is to also work out what relays work for people who don't publish a relay list. ISSUE 2: Automatic failover. Apparently Peter Todd's definition of decentralized includes a concept of automatic failover, where new resources are brought up and users don't need to do anything. Besides this not being part of any definition of decentralized I have never heard of, we kind of have this. If a user has 5 outboxes, and 3 fail, everything still works. Redundancy is built in. No user intervention needed in most cases, at least in the short term. But we also don't have any notion of administrators who can fix this behind the scenes for the users. Users are sovereign and that means they have total control, but also take on some responsibility. This is obvious when it comes to keypair management, but it goes further. Users have to manage where they post and where they accept incoming notes, and when those relays fail to serve them they have to change providers. Putting the users in charge, and not having administrators, is kinda necessary to be truly decentralized. ISSUE 3: Connecting to unvetted relays feels unsafe. It might even be the NSA tracking you! First off, this happens with your web browser all the time: you go visit a web page and it instructs your browser to fetch a font from google. If you don't like it, you can use uBlock origin and manage it manually. In the nostr world, if you don't like it, you can use a client that puts you more in control of this. The gossip client for example has options for whether you want to manually approve relay connections and AUTHs, just once or always, and always lets you change your mind later. If you turn those options on, initially it is a giant wall of approval requests... but that situation resolves rather quickly. I've been running with these options on for a long time now, and only about once a week do I have to make a decision for a new relay. But these features aren't really necessary for the vast majority of users who don't care if a relay knows their IP address. Those users use VPNs or Tor when they want to be anonymous, and don't bother when they don't care (me included). ISSUE 4: Mobile phone clients may find the gossip model too costly in terms of battery life. Bandwidth is actually not a problem: under the gossip model (if done correctly) events for user P are only downloaded from N relays (default for gossip client is N=2), which in general is FEWER events retrieved than other models which download the same event maybe 8 or more times. Rather, the problem here is the large number of network connections and in particular, the large number of SSL setups and teardowns. If it weren't for SSL, this wouldn't be much of a problem. But setting up and tearing down SSL on 50 simultaneous connections that drop and pop up somewhat frequently is a battery drain. The solution to this that makes the most sense to me is to have a client proxy. What I mean by that is a piece of software on a server in a data centre. The client proxy would be a headless nostr client that uses the gossip model and acts on behalf of the phone client. The phone client doesn't even have to be a nostr client, but it might as well be a nostr client that just connects to this fixed proxy to read and write all of its events. Now the SSL connection issue is solved. These proxies can serve many clients and have local storage, whereas the phones might not even need local storage. Since very few users will set up such things for themselves, this is a business opportunity for people, and a better business opportunity IMHO than running a paid-for relay. This doesn't decentralize nostr as there can be many of these proxies. It does however require a trust relationship between the phone client and the proxy. ISSUE 5: Personal relays still need moderation. I wrongly thought for a very long time that personal relays could act as personal OUTBOXes and personal INBOXes without needing moderation. Recently it became clear to me that clients should probably read from other people's INBOXes to find replies to events written by the user of that INBOX (which outbox model clients should be putting into that INBOX). If that is happening, then personal relays will need to serve to the public events that were just put there by the public, thus exposing them to abuse. I'm greatly disappointed to come to this realization and not quite settled about it yet, but I thought I had better make this known.

@ ac42bb04:2751bfff

 [**Bitcoin**](https://bitcoin.org/)is the world’s largest and most popular cryptocurrency. As a decentralized digital currency, it has the potential to revolutionize how businesses transact with customers and suppliers, making global transactions quick and easy. This need is especially true in the oil and gas industry. The current system used by oil and gas companies involves high administration costs related to transferring funds across international borders. This is where Bitcoin may offer an effective solution. Using Bitcoin would make payments faster than ever before, with minimal friction and fees incurred during transfers. In addition to reducing fees associated with global payments, Bitcoin could also provide greater visibility into transactions for those involved in the sector. For instance, buyers could ensure that their money arrives at the intended destination without delays or fraud risks. Additionally, transactions are visible on the public ledger contained within Bitcoin’s blockchain technology (See Figure 1). This gives buyers assurance when making large amounts of equipment or resources from another country, as they can see exactly where their money has gone. In turn, these exchanges leave a digital audit trail that would make renegotiating contracts far simpler if needed.  `Figure 1: A detailed page shows the transactions that occurred on Block 768520.` Bitcoin also offers an alternative source of capital for small businesses operating within the oil and gas sector who may find traditional methods difficult due to geographical location or lack of credit history. Through investors buying and selling Bitcoin tokens representing ownership in specific projects within the oil and gas sector, startups can gain access to capital beyond what traditional financing methods may provide them. Finally, I think Bitcoin presents a shift away from fiat currencies as it allows buyers to convert money into a cryptocurrency before use in any transaction within Oil & Gas sector worldwide — allowing users to cut out intermediaries such as banks or third-party currency exchanges altogether while simplifying everyday processes such as ordering supplies or getting invoices paid on time by avoiding expensive cross-border fees that come with traditional payment solutions such as wire transfers or checks. In addition, by utilizing this innovative technology, oil & gas companies have instant access to the funds they need when processing domestic & international payments based on previously agreed pricing structure, thus avoiding long waiting periods for invoices sent via postal mail that can leave companies unable to manage payroll schedules. *Published on Early 2021.* **Republished on Nostr 1/13/25**

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nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qqs0df2mwnp2q6hm6zjrthkmx3fudwsuwrmgnwrdavpzgjy8nnuqm5cqpd06k nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qqs2muhvnev5367ywuzkhell9my86jlnzhsnuszwl46tnc3fpsx9mtgjkqnu7 nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qqsznnkrl8qdwzgp7ry2hc7a77kwhg440gv9xtmvyfawggrpz3rhwvcx4rckf nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qqsyjf80k3djt96qncgvwl2yem09fdqcc0y9l8t657yc9qg2yhmg7kcnua8vn nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qqs0s3lp0w0yclk64j0tpc5fvrulv78g2lfjz3gcgacw9mt6czek26qtqxuck nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qywhwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnrdakhq6tvv5kk2unjdaezumn9wsqs6amnwvaz7tmev9382tndv5qjqamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fddfczumn0wd68ytnhd9ex2erwv46zu6nsqqs89tst72clc60wse3zq4qfs0976y7areffnhx26atvu6pv58hg6dsxvcc79 nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtt2wqhxummnw3ezuamfwfjkgmn9wshx5uqpr3mhxue69uhhxun5wfjkccte9e3j6um5v4kxcctj9ehx2aqqyp5k40r3ug02yz5y0tn67tm2lwevuwac54qyw3yyct8n8uzr7pjz2q92pyt nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtt2wqhxummnw3ezuamfwfjkgmn9wshx5uqqyp9pennjwq2qk4dxpr440wxqm5cfwah4qccd8la62hantxdelkk82ty9mr8 nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qqsz9w30kxzjshwd8sq7jg2hsy2hwqg3zu7gyvxnsyrgfw0ur4rkhsg9v0re4 nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qqs8wkx2r8txt9q69c3zvpqs2em2s40nc8tajmcc5l8ngxn8v2ng3sc43xvzu nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtt2wqhxummnw3ezuamfwfjkgmn9wshx5uqqyzdkacpjqvv2y79zgvufx9jh39rd7xa8v056rgn4xelmnmrq9u2tuguswek nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnyv96xztngv96hxqpqmdtjrs38fv8r20deplrlt8fma54gu43keuzquzks7673a27ud58slunr8y nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtt2wqhxummnw3ezuamfwfjkgmn9wshx5uqpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucm0d4cxjmr994jhyun0wghxuet5qqsxzpx2r5hd36pruzn2e58wh947y2t0t205fp5xtstqp5wq0qgcjuq07rqlk

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@ 6e75f797:a8eee74e

Last night I started a nostr community multiplayer instance for No Man's Sky [on ZapStream](https://zap.stream/) and before we knew it, we had 4 Nostrichs arriving on the genesis planet to join the fun.  NSM is an deterministic, procedurally generated open universe where players can explore, quest, build, combat and have fun together. Every new system discovered is generated when the first Traveller enters the system making the game a unique experience for any open world gaming fan. If you fancy joining us in the Nostrverse let me know and I'll friend you in #NMS and on Steam or Epic. If you just want to watch the fun, participate in naming systems, planets, fauna and flora come and hang out in my stream or the stream of [Oceanbee](nostr:npub1wqxxe0cjaxnvmrv4lkvx8d5dlft7ewswyn09w5v7fg7642fgzm7srucxws), [HolgerHatGarKeineNode](nostr:npub1pt0kw36ue3w2g4haxq3wgm6a2fhtptmzsjlc2j2vphtcgle72qesgpjyc6) or [taette](npub1yh0dl6pazf55025qvp860lstpscuy0kj2a5lfhxlk400m968vgpql5vsnd).  ### If you already own NMS, feel free to add me! My NMS friend code is: EMAZ-KMHT-ZPFXP See you in space Traveller! - TheGrinder

@ c8adf82a:7265ee75

Imagine playing a MMO gen 1 Pokémon game, the goal of the game is still personal, to be the Pokémon league champion. To get to the Pokémon league, you need to defeat gym leaders and get their badges (if you never played, please play so you can relate and teach this lesson too) Some players just go through the storyline right away, some have fear and grind levels hard, some just wanted to chill and catch ‘em all Some got stuck at the mew rumour at S.S.Anne\* and got disappointed, some grind too hard that they forgot the main quest, some try to teach other people how to be a champion before being a champion themselves If you are not interested in being the champion, that is totally fine, it is your game after all. Some enjoy the up and down of the journey and they just don’t want to finish the game yet. I respect these people because they know what they want and they’re doing what they can to get what they want But there’s this special group of players that wants to be the champion, but are misled to believe they can be a ‘better’ champion if they do these special tasks before fighting the Elite Four. Can be from a game guide magazine, a friend that you think is smart, whatever. The sad truth is, you cannot be a ‘better’ champion in this game — and these guys just got misled their whole life Now, these guys do meet other players that told them “hey, just go fight the Elite Four, that’s the only way for you to be champion”, and they kept replying “please respect me, I know I have to beat the Elite Four, I just want to be a ‘better’ champion, you just don’t understand”. These players get stuck in some sort of internal pride war sunk cost fallacy because they have spent their whole life trying to be a ‘better’ champion that actually doesn’t exist Now why this story? This is life. No matter how hard you try, you still need to follow the main storyline. You can change your path, but everyone’s end goal eventually converge — eternal peace. When you become the league champion, you attain the ability to serve and radiate love. Evil spirits will forever try to hold you back from being a champion, some religion even tells you that you can be a ‘better’ champion. But really all you need to do is stay humble and stack sats, I mean, start the main quest One day when you actually become a champion, you will realize that the only way to live is to serve other people so we all become champions. Because life is best enjoyed with the people we love --- \*https://gaming-urban-legends.fandom.com/wiki/Mew_Under_the_Truck

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@ 78b3c1ed:5033eea9

※ライトニングノード保有者向け Alby Hubをインストールした時なんもわからずポチポチしているとMegatlith LSPノードからインバウンドを購入してチャネルを開くことになります。2万sats(2024/12/4 午後7時時点で三千円ほど)かかります。 そこで誰もが思うに違いない 「高いなぁ。だれかタダで無料で私のHubにチャネル開いてくれないかなぁ...」 その願望をかなえる献身的なノードランナー(笑)がAlby Hubへチャネルを開いてあげるための手順書みたいなものがこの記事です。 ~~ppmをうんと高くしてぼったくってやりましょう！~~ ※AlbyHubにオンチェーン資金が無くてもLNDから開く方法を発見しました。末尾に追記しました。 《これはアンカーアウトプットを利用するタイプのチャネル》 条件 ・チャネルを開く側 　Clearnet IPアドレスで着信可能であること。Torノードは不可。ノードURIを公開していなくても良い。AlbyHubでピア登録できるClearnet IPアドレスと着信ポートがあればOK。 ・開いてもらうAlby Hub側 　オンチェーン資金25,000sats以上をデポジットしておく。ないと開けません。 手順 1. [Alby Hub側] オンチェーン資金をデポジット Hubログイン後の左メニューからNodeを選択。Saving BalanceのDepositを選択。するとbc1qではじまるオンチェーンアドレスが表示される。ここへ送金してオンチェーンをデポジットしておく。 2. [Alby Hub側] 開く側のノードをピア登録 左メニューからNodeを選択。右上のAdvancedからConnected Peersを選択。 右上のConnect Peerを選択。欄にノードURI (ノードID@IPアドレス:着信ポート番号)を入力してConnect。 3. [開く側ノード] AlbyHubを確認、チャネルを開く ThunderhubやRide-The-Lightningなどを使い、Alby Hubのノードが表示されていることを確認。Hubにエイリアスは無いのでノードIDで表示される。 このノードに対してチャネルを開く。Private channelが望ましいと思われる。 6conf後に開設完了。 終わり！ メモ - Alby Hubではbase feeは設定可能だがrateが設定できない。そもそもAlby Hubはルーティング向けノードとして設計されてない。セルフカストディアルウォレットです。 - public channelだとchannel_update, channel_announcementがゴシップされるまでHubへ送金できない(no route)。上記の通りウォレットとしてのノードならprivate channelだけにしてルートヒント付きインボイスが発行できるようにしとくのが望ましい。 - LDKにおいて相手からチャネルを開いてもらう場合にオンチェーン資金が必要。相手がチャネルリザーブ無しのチャネルでもOKなら不要。現にメガリスLSPからチャネルを開いてもらう時オンチェーン資金が0satsでも開けているのがその実例。 - オンチェーン資金が必要なのはチャネルタイプがanchorの場合。オンチェーン資金でアンカーアウトプットをCPFPするためみたい。anchorが登場する前のstatic-remotekeyのタイプならオンチェーン資金は不要。 ----------- ＜ここからが追加＞ 《これはアンカーアウトプットを利用しないタイプのチャネル》 LNDからチャネルを開くときにstatic remote keyを利用するタイプを指定します。 条件 ・チャネルを開く側　※上記と同様。 ・開いてもらうAlby Hub側　無し。 手順 1. [Alby Hub側] 開く側のノードをピア登録 左メニューからNodeを選択。右上のAdvancedからConnected Peersを選択。右上のConnect Peerを選択。欄にノードURI (ノードID@IPアドレス:着信ポート番号)を入力してConnect。 2. [開く側ノード] AlbyHubを確認、チャネルを開く SSHログイン、UmbrelならLightningのターミナルで以下のコマンドを実行します。 <ノードID>は開きたいAlbyHubのノードIDで置き換えてください。 <チャネルサイズ>は開きたいチャネルの金額、例えば20万satsなら200000としましょう。 <手数料率>はチャネル開設のトランザクションに掛ける手数料率です。mempool. spaceなどで手数料水準を確認して指定しましょう。 --channel_type tweaklessがキモです。デフォルトだとanchorになります。RTLやTHで開くとこのanchorになります。なのでlncli openchannelでやります。 ``` lncli openchannel --node_key <ノードID> \ --local_amt <チャネルサイズ> \ --sat_per_vbyte <手数料率> \ --private --channel_type tweakless ``` 終わり！

@ e6c3bcb6:e8781ff3

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@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b

###### Originalni tekst na [thebitcoinmanual.com](https://thebitcoinmanual.com/blockchain/lightning-chain/) --- *Lightning Network* (eng. *lightning* - munja, *network* - mreža) je jedno od primarnih rešenja za skaliranje Bitkoin mreže sa ciljem da je više ljudi može koristiti na različite načine čime bi se zaobišla ograničenja glavnog blokčejna. *Lightning* mreža deluje kao "drugi sloj" koji je dodat Bitkoin (BTC) blokčejnu koji omogućava transakcije van glavnog lanca (blokčejna) pošto se transakcije između korisnika ne registruju na samoj blokčejn mreži. *Lightning* kao "sloj-2 (*layer-2*)" pojačava skalabilnost blokčejn aplikacija tako što upravlja transakcijama van glavnog blokčejna ("sloj-1" / *layer-1*), dok istovremeno uživa benefite moćne decentralizovane sigurnosti glavnog blokčejna, tako da korisnici mogu ulaziti i izlaziti iz *Lightning* mreže koristeći *custodial* ili *non-custodial* servise u zavisnosti od sopstvene sposobnosti i znanja da koriste glavni blokčejn. Kao što i samo ime govori *Lightning Network* je dizajnirana za brza, instant i jeftina plaćanja u svrhu sredstva razmene i druga programabilna plaćanja kojima nije potrebna instant konačnost (*finality*) ali ni sigurnost glavnog lanca. *Lightning* je najbolje uporediti sa vašom omiljenom aplikacijom za plaćanja ili debitnom karticom. #### Šta je *Lightning* mreža? *Lightning* mreža vuče svoje poreklo još od tvorca Bitkoina, Satošija Nakamota, ali je formalizovana od strane istraživača *Joseph Poon*-a i *Thaddeus Dryja*-a koji su 14. januara 2016. godine objavili [beli papir](https://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf) o *Lightning Network*-u. Radilo se o predlogu alternativnog rešenja za skaliranje Bitkoina da bi se izbeglo proširenje kapaciteta bloka Bitkoin mreže i smanjio rizik od centralizacije blokčejna. Dalje, skaliranje van glavnog lanca znači zadržavanje integriteta samog blokčejna što omogućuje više eksperimentalnog rada na Bitkoinu bez ograničenja koja su postavljena na glavnom blokčejnu. *Lightning Labs*, kompanija za blokčejn inženjering, pomogla je pokretanje beta verzije *Lightning* mreže u martu 2018. - pored dve druge popularne implementacije od strane kompanija kao što su *ACINQ* i *Blockstream*. * *Lightning Labs – LND* * *Blockstream – Core Lightning* (implementacija nekada poznata kao *c-lightning*) * *ACINQ – Eclair* Svaka verzija protokola ima svoje poglede i načine kako rešava određene probleme ali ostaje interoperabilna sa ostalim implementacijama u smislu korišćenja novčanika, tako da za krajnjeg korisnika nije bitno kojom verzijom se služi kada upravlja svojim čvororom (*node*-om). *Lightning Network* je protokol koji svako može koristiti i razvijati ga, proširivati i unapređivati i koji kreira posebno i odvojeno okruženje za korišćenje Bitkoina kroz seriju pametnih ugovora (*smart contracts*) koji zaključavaju BTC na *Lightning*-u radi izbegavanja dvostruke potrošnje (*double-spending*). *Lightning Network* nije blokčejn ali živi i funkcioniše na samom Bitkoinu i koristi glavni lanac kao sloj za konačno, finalno poravnanje. *Lightning* mreža ima sopstvene čvorove koji pokreću ovaj dodatni protokol i zaključavaju likvidnost Bitkoina u njemu sa ciljem olakšavanja plaćanja. *Lightning* omogućava svakom korisniku da kreira *p2p* (*peer-to-peer*) platni kanal (*payment channel*) između dve strane, kao npr. između mušterije i trgovca. Kada je uspostavljen, ovaj kanal im omogućava da međusobno šalju neograničen broj transakcija koje su istovremeno gotovo instant i veoma jeftine. Ponaša se kao svojevrsna mala "knjiga" (*ledger*) koja omogućava korisnicima da plaćaju još manje proizvode i usluge poput kafe i to bez uticaja na glavnu Bitkoin mrežu. #### Kako radi *Lightning Network*? *Lightning Network* se zasniva na pametnim ugovorima koji su poznati kao *hashed time lock contracts* koji između dve strane kreiraju platne kanale van glavnog blokčejna (*off-chain payment channels*). Kada zaključate BTC na glavnom lancu u ovim posebnim pametnim ugovorima, ova sredstva se otključavaju na *Lightning* mreži. Ova sredstva zatim možete koristiti da biste napravili platne kanale sa ostalim korisnicima *Lightning* mreže, aplikacijama i menjačnicama. Ovo su direktne platne linije koje se dešavaju na vrhu, odnosno izvan glavnog blokčejna. Kada je platni kanal otvoren, možete izvršiti neograničen broj plaćanja sve dok ne potrošite sva sredstva. Korišćenje *Lightning* sredstava nije ograničeno pravilima glavnog Bitkoin lanca i ova plaćanja se vrše gotovo trenutno i za samo delić onoga što bi koštalo na glavnom blokčejnu. Vaš platni kanal ima svoj sopstveni zapisnik (*ledger*) u koji se beleže transakcije izvan glavnog BTC blokčejna. Svaka strana ima mogućnost da ga zatvori ili obnovi po svom nahođenju i vrati sredstva nazad na glavni Bitkoin lanac objavljivanjem transakcije kojom se zatvara kanal. Kada dve strane odluče da zatvore platni kanal, sve transakcije koje su se desile unutar njega se objedinjuju i zatim objavljuju na glavni blokčejn "registar". #### Zašto biste želeli da koristite *Lightning* mrežu? --- **Trenutno slanje satošija** *Lightning Network* je "sloj-2" izgrađen na vrhu glavnog Bitkoin lanca koji omogućava instant i veoma jeftine transakcije između *lightning* novčanika. Ova mreža se nalazi u interakciji sa glavnim blokčejnom ali se plaćanja pre svega sprovode *off-chain*, van glavnog lanca, pošto koristi sopstvenu evidenciju plaćanja na *lightning* mreži. Razvijene su različite aplikacije koje su kompatibilne sa *Lightning* mrežom, koje su veoma lake za korišćenje i ne zahtevaju više od QR koda za primanje i slanje prekograničnih transakcija. Možete deponovati BTC na vaše *lightning* novčanike tako što ćete slati satošije sa menjačnica ili ih kupovati direktno unutar ovih aplikacija. Većina ovih novčanika ima ograničenje od nekoliko miliona satošija (iako će se ovaj limit povećavati kako više biznisa i država bude prihvatalo Bitkoin) koje možete poslati po transakciji što ima smisla budući da je za slanje većih iznosa bolje korišćenje glavnog blokčejna. **Pokretanje sopstvenog čvora** Kako se više ljudi bude povezivalo sa *lightning* mrežom i koristilo njene mogućnosti, sve više ljudi pokreće svoje čvorove radi verifikacije transakcija putem svojih *lightning* platnih kanala. Kroz ove kanale je moguće bezbedno poslati različite iznose satošija, a takođe je moguće zarađivati i male naknade za svaku transakciju koja prolazi kroz vaš kanal. **Transakcione naknade** Uprkos trenutnim transakcijama, još uvek postoje transakcione naknade povezane sa otvaranjem i zatvaranjem platnih kanala koje se moraju platiti rudarima na glavnom blokčejnu prilikom finalizacije *lightning* platnih kanala. Takođe postoje i naknade za rutiranje (*routing fees*) koje idu *lightning* čvorovima (i njihovim platnim kanalima) koji su uspostavljeni da bi se omogućila plaćanja. Sa daljim napredovanjem razvoja Bitkoina i novim nadogradnjama, imaćemo sve veći rast i razvoj *layer-2* aplikacija kao što je *lightning*. #### Više izvora o Lightning mreži Ukoliko želite da naučite više o *Lightning* mreži, najbolje je da pročitate dodatne tekstove na sajtu [thebitcoinmanual.com](https://thebitcoinmanual.com/?s=lightning).

@ e6c3bcb6:e8781ff3

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@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

A lot of terms have been bandied about regarding relay models: Gossip relay model, outbox relay model, and inbox relay model. But this term "relay model" bothers me. It sounds stuffy and formal and doesn't actually describe what we are talking about very well. Also, people have suggested maybe there are other relay models. So I thought maybe we should rethink this all from first principles. That is what this blog post attempts to do. Nostr is notes and other stuff transmitted by relays. A client puts an event onto a relay, and subsequently another client reads that event. OK, strictly speaking it could be the same client. Strictly speaking it could even be that no other client reads the event, that the event was intended for the relay (think about nostr connect). But in general, the reason we put events on relays is for other clients to read them. Given that fact, I see two ways this can occur: 1) The reader reads the event from the same relay that the writer wrote the event to (this I will call relay rendezvous), 2) The event was copied between relays by something. This second solution is perfectly viable, but it less scalable and less immediate as it requires copies which means that resources will be consumed more rapidly than if we can come up with workable relay rendezvous solutions. That doesn't mean there aren't other considerations which could weigh heavily in favor of copying events. But I am not aware of them, so I will be discussing relay rendezvous. We can then divide the relay rendezvous situation into several cases: one-to-one, one-to-many, and one-to-all, where the many are a known set, and the all are an unbounded unknown set. I cannot conceive of many-to-anything for nostr so we will speak no further of it. For a rendezvous to take place, not only do the parties need to agree on a relay (or many relays), but there needs to be some way that readers can become aware that the writer has written something. So the one-to-one situation works out well by the writer putting the message onto a relay that they know the reader checks for messages on. This we call the INBOX model. It is akin to sending them an email into their inbox where the reader checks for messages addressed to them. The one-to-(known)-many model is very similar, except the writer has to write to many people's inboxes. Still we are dealing with the INBOX model. The final case, one-to-(unknown)-all, there is no way the writer can place the message into every person's inbox because they are unknown. So in this case, the writer can write to their own OUTBOX, and anybody interested in these kinds of messages can subscribe to the writer's OUTBOX. Notice that I have covered every case already, and that I have not even specified what particular types of scenarios call for one-to-one or one-to-many or one-to-all, but that every scenario must fit into one of those models. So that is basically it. People need INBOX and OUTBOX relays and nothing else for relay rendezvous to cover all the possible scenarios. That is not to say that other kinds of concerns might not modulate this. There is a suggestion for a DM relay (which is really an INBOX but with a special associated understanding), which is perfectly fine by me. But I don't think there are any other relay models. There is also the case of a live event where two parties are interacting over the same relay, but in terms of rendezvous this isn't a new case, it is just that the shared relay is serving as both parties' INBOX (in the case of a closed chat) and/or both parties' OUTBOX (in the case of an open one) at the same time. So anyhow that's my thinking on the topic. It has become a fairly concise and complete set of concepts, and this makes me happy. Most things aren't this easy.

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# Gossip: The HTTP Fetcher Gossip is a desktop nostr client. This post is about the code that fetches HTTP resources. Gossip fetches HTTP resources. This includes images, videos, nip05 json files, etc. The part of gossip that does this is called the **fetcher**. We have had a fetcher for some time, but it was poorly designed and had problems. For example, it was never expiring items in the cache. We've made a lot of improvements to the fetcher recently. It's pretty good now, but there is still room for improvement. ## Caching Our fetcher caches data. Each URL that is fetched is hashed, and the content is stored under a file in the cache named by that hash. If a request is in the cache, we don't do an HTTP request, we serve it directly from the cache. But cached data gets stale. Sometimes resources at a URL change. We generally check resources again after three days. We save the server's *ETag* value for content, and when we check the content again we supply an *If-None-Match* header with the *ETag* so the server could respond with *304 Not Modified* in which case we don't need to download the resource again, we just bump the filetime to now. In the event that our cache data is stale, but the server gives us an error, we serve up the stale data (stale is better than nothing). ## Queueing We used to fire off HTTP GET requests as soon as we knew that we needed a resource. This was not looked on too kindly by servers and CDNs who were giving us either *403 Forbidden* or *429 Too Many Requests*. So we moved into a queue system. The host is extracted from each URL, and each host is only given up to 3 requests at a time. If we want 29 images from the same host, we only ask for three, and the remaining 26 remain in the queue for next time. When one of those requests completes, we decrement the *host load* so we know that we can send it another request later. We process the queue in an infinite loop where we wait 1200 milliseconds between passes. Passes take time themselves and sometimes must wait for a timeout. Each pass fetches potentially multiple HTTP resources in parallel, asynchronously. If we have 300 resources at 100 different hosts, three per host, we could get them all in a single pass. More likely a bunch of resources are at the same host, and we make multiple passes at it. ## Timeouts When we fetch URLs in parallel asynchronously, we wait until all of the fetches complete before waiting another 1200 ms and doing another loop. Sometimes one of the fetches times out. In order to keep things moving, we use short timeouts of 10 seconds for a connect, and 15 seconds for a response. ## Handling Errors Some kinds of errors are more serious than others. When we encounter these, we *sin bin* the server for a period of time where we don't try fetching from it until a specified period elapses.

@ e6c3bcb6:e8781ff3

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@ e460cb14:01bb5ced

## Brief intro #glostr is a pet-project of mine to better understand how #nostr works. Since I'm an engineer, and somewhere between a game programmer and a graphics programmer, I'll do what I do best: write some graphics thing no one (but me) will use. ## Zappable Shadertoy So, the idea is to create a small platform on top of #nostr where people can create, visualize, and share computer graphics programs (aka: shaders). Code shiny thing, see shiny, share shiny thing, and zap shiny thing. If you're familiar with [Shadertoy](https://shadertoy.com), #glostr is just that: **zappable shadertoy**.  ## Milestone Zero So, first step was to write a quick and dirty prototype client (remember, I specc'd into game dev, not into web dev, so I really mean _quick_ and I really mean _dirty_). I got an [ace editor](https://github.com/ajaxorg/ace) thing working, duct-taped it to a basic WebGL render, stole a couple shaders from shadertoy (jk, I gave credit), poured some CSS magic, glued some `nostr-rx`, and published it to GitHub pages. After 2 or 3 days of iterating, and with some assistance from an LLM, you can see the result linked on my [notes](nostr:nevent1qqsf45hy66cw55e3s2ewt6upe3m073q875hmjjtyyre7qtaxw9hl5scpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgq3qu3svk99639mcdfn43s2nawg4a2j4ejmgrq2n63l4t67wzqdmtnkss70qyf). Yes. I used `kind 1` posts to spam GLSL code. I AM SORRY. I KNOW BETTER NOW. I SWEAR. So, right now #glostr is: - Taking an npub on the url after the # - Rendering all `kind 1` posts from that npub containing GLSL code between \`\`\`s - Allowing the user to edit the code in real time  ## Next Steps What now? [Gorila](nostr:npub19tv378w29hx4ljy7wgydreg9nu96czrs6clu8wkzr3af8z86rr7sujx4xe) made me realize my _obvious_ `kind 1` spamming. After some brainstorming and skimming through NIPs and kinds, we arrived at the conclusion that [Long-form Notes (NIP-23)](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/23.md) are best suited for the content I want #glostr to display: - Format is Markdown, which I like and which I was already somewhat expecting. - It's editable content, so mistakes can be amended, which is more than usual in shader programming. So, the next features I want to add are: - Logging in - Posting NIP-23 Notes - Getting, parsing, and showing NIP-23 Notes ## When I'll only work on this on the weekends for now, so I don't know. This is a pet project for fun right now. ## Wrapping Up - Repo: https://github.com/rowdaboat/glostr - Try it: https://rowdaboat.github.io/glostr/ As this is a Long-Form Note in itself, I'll finish it by sharing a shader based on [Inigo Quilez's awesome polygon shader](https://www.shadertoy.com/view/wdBXRW). This note should show as a shader on #glostr in the next iteration, but you can copy and paste the code in the editor for now: ```glsl #version 300 es precision mediump float; uniform vec2 u_resolution; uniform float u_time; out vec4 fragColor; const int N = 6; vec3 yellow = vec3(0.45, 0.3, 0.15); vec3 lightBlue = vec3(0.65, 0.85, 1.0); float polygon(in vec2 p, in vec2[N] v) { const int num = v.length(); float d = dot(p - v[0], p - v[0]); float s = 1.; for(int i=0, j=num-1; i < num; j=i, i++ ) { vec2 e = v[j] - v[i]; vec2 w = p - v[i]; vec2 b = w - e * clamp(dot(w, e) / dot(e, e), 0.0, 1.0); d = min(d, dot(b,b)); bvec3 condition = bvec3( p.y >= v[i].y, p.y < v[j].y, e.x * w.y > e.y * w.x ); if (all(condition) || all(not(condition))) s =- s; } return s * sqrt(d); } void main() { vec2 p = (2.0 * gl_FragCoord.xy - u_resolution.xy) / u_resolution.y; float d = polygon(p, vec2[]( vec2( .2, .8), vec2(-.5, -.125), vec2( .0, -.125), vec2(-.2, -.8), vec2( .5, .125), vec2( .0, .125) )); vec3 color = d < 0.0 ? yellow : lightBlue; color *= 1. - exp(-40. * abs(d)); color *= .8 + .2 * sin(10.0 * d - 10. * u_time) * sin(-1.25 * u_time); color *= exp(1. - d * 2.25); fragColor = vec4(color, 1.0); } ```

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# Gossip: Switching to LMDB Unlike a number of other nostr clients, Gossip has always cached events and related data in a local data store. Up until recently, SQLite3 has served this purpose. SQLite3 offers a full ACID SQL relational database service. Unfortunately however it has presented a number of downsides: 1. It is not as parallel as you might think. 2. It is not as fast as you might hope. 3. If you want to preserve the benefit of using SQL and doing joins, then you must break your objects into columns, and map columns back into objects. The code that does this object-relational mapping (ORM) is not trivial and can be error prone. It is especially tricky when working with different types (Rust language types and SQLite3 types are not a 1:1 match). 4. Because of the potential slowness, our UI has been forbidden from direct database access as that would make the UI unresponsive if a query took too long. 5. Because of (4) we have been firing off separate threads to do the database actions, and storing the results into global variables that can be accessed by the interested code at a later time. 6. Because of (4) we have been caching database data in memory, essentially coding for yet another storage layer that can (and often did) get out of sync with the database. LMDB offers solutions: 1. It is highly parallel. 2. It is ridiculously fast when used appropriately. 3. Because you cannot run arbitrary SQL, there is no need to represent the fields within your objects separately. You can serialize/deserialize entire objects into the database and the database doesn't care what is inside of the blob (yes, you can do that into an SQLite field, but if you did, you would lose the power of SQL). 4. Because of the speed, the UI can look stuff up directly. 5. We no longer need to fork separate threads for database actions. 6. We no longer need in-memory caches of data. The LMDB data is already in-memory (it is memory mapped) so we just access it directly. The one obvious downside is that we lose SQL. We lose the query planner. We cannot ask arbitrary question and get answers. Instead, we have to pre-conceive of all the kinds of questions we want to ask, and we have to write code that answers them efficiently. Often this involves building and maintaining indices. ## Indices Let's say I want to look at fiatjaf's posts. How do I efficiently pull out just his recent feed-related events in reverse chronological order? It is easy if we first construct the following index **key**: EventKind + PublicKey + ReverseTime **value**: Event Id In the above, '+' is just a concatenate operator, and ReverseTime is just some distant time minus the time so that it sorts backwards. Now I just ask LMDB to start from (EventKind=1 + PublicKey=fiatjaf + now) and scan until either one of the first two fields change, or more like the time field gets too old (e.g. one month ago). Then I do it again for the next event kind, etc. For a generalized feed, I have to scan a region for each person I follow. Smarter indexes can be imagined. Since we often want only feed-related event kinds, that can be implicit in an index that only indexes those kinds of events. You get the idea. ## A Special Event Map At first I had stored events into a K-V database under the Id of the event. Then I had indexes on events that output a set of Ids (as in the example above). But when it comes to storing and retrieving events, we can go even faster than LMDB. We can build an append-only memory map that is just a sequence of all the events we have, serialized, and in no particular order. Readers do not need a lock and multiple readers can read simultaneously. Writers will need to acquire a lock to append to the map and there may only be one writer at a time. However, readers can continue reading even while a writer is writing. We can then have a K-V database that maps Id -> Offset. To get the event you just do a direct lookup in the event memory map at that offset. The real benefit comes when we have other indexes that yield events, they can yield offsets instead of ids. Then we don't need to do a second lookup from the Id to the Event, we can just look directly at the offset. ## Avoiding deserialization Deserialization has a price. Sometimes it requires memory allocation (if the object is not already linear, e.g. variable lengthed data like strings and vectors are allocated on the heap) which can be very expensive if you are trying to scan 150,000 or so events. We serialize events (and other objects where we can) with a serialization library called speedy. It does its best to preserve the data much like it is represented in memory, but linearized. Because events start with fixed-length fields, we know the offset into the serialized event where these first fields occur and we can directly extract the value of those fields without deserializing the data before it. This comes in useful whenever we need to scan a large number of events. Search is the one situation where I know that we must do this. We can search by matching against the content of every feed-related event without fully deserialing any of them.

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@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# Gossip: Zaps Gossip is a desktop nostr client. This post is about the code that lets users send lightning zaps to each other (NIP-57). Gossip implemented Zaps initially on 20th of June, 2023. Gossip maintains a state of where zapping is at, one of: *None*, *CheckingLnurl*, *SeekingAmount*, *LoadingInvoice*, and *ReadyToPay*. When you click the zap lightning bolt icon, Gossip moves to the *CheckingLnurl* state while it looks up the LN URL of the user. If this is successful, it moves to the *SeekingAmount* state and presents amount options to the user. Once a user chooses an amount, it moves to the *LoadingInvoice* state where it interacts with the lightning node and receives and checks an invoice. Once that is complete, it moves to the *ReadyToPay* state, where it presents the invoice as a QR code for the user to scan with their phone. There is also a copy button so they can pay it from their desktop computer too. Gossip also loads zap receipt events and associates them with the event that was zapped, tallying a zap total on that event. Gossip is unfortunately not validating these receipts very well currently, so fake zap receipts can cause an incorrect total to show. This remains an open issue. Another open issue is the implementation of NIP-46 Nostr Connect and NIP-47 Wallet Connect.

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