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@ b2d670de:907f9d4a
2025-02-28 16:39:38
# onion-service-nostr-relays
A list of nostr relays exposed as onion services.
## The list
| Relay name | Description | Onion url | Operator | Payment URL | Payment options |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| nostr.oxtr.dev | Same relay as clearnet relay nostr.oxtr.dev | ws://oxtrdevav64z64yb7x6rjg4ntzqjhedm5b5zjqulugknhzr46ny2qbad.onion | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qqst94nsmefmya53crp5qq39kewrtgndqcynhnzp7j8lcu0qjple6jspz3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezummcw3ezuer9wcq3gamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwv3sk6atn9e5k7jxrgyy) | N/A | N/A |
| relay.snort.social | Same relay as clearnet relay relay.snort.social | wss://skzzn6cimfdv5e2phjc4yr5v7ikbxtn5f7dkwn5c7v47tduzlbosqmqd.onion | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qqsx8lnrrrw9skpulctgzruxm5y7rzlaw64tcf9qpqww9pt0xvzsfmgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezuamfdejszxrhwden5te0wfjkccte9eekummjwsh8xmmrd9skct9tyup) | N/A | N/A |
| nostr.thesamecat.io | Same relay as clearnet relay nostr.thesamecat.io | ws://2jsnlhfnelig5acq6iacydmzdbdmg7xwunm4xl6qwbvzacw4lwrjmlyd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1wtuh24gpuxjyvnmjwlvxzg8k0elhasagfmmgz0x8vp4ltcy8ples54e7js) | N/A | N/A |
| nostr.land | The nostr.land paid relay (same as clearnet) | ws://nostrland2gdw7g3y77ctftovvil76vquipymo7tsctlxpiwknevzfid.onion | [operator](nostr:npub12262qa4uhw7u8gdwlgmntqtv7aye8vdcmvszkqwgs0zchel6mz7s6cgrkj) | [Payment URL](http://nostrland2gdw7g3y77ctftovvil76vquipymo7tsctlxpiwknevzfid.onion) | BTC LN |
| bitcoiner.social | No auth required, currently | ws://bitcoinr6de5lkvx4tpwdmzrdfdpla5sya2afwpcabjup2xpi5dulbad.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1an3nz7lczcunpdw6ltjst94hgzcxpppnk7zk3zr2nfcj4yd96kdse6twjd) | N/A | N/A |
| relay.westernbtc.com | The westernbtc.com paid relay | ws://westbtcebhgi4ilxxziefho6bqu5lqwa5ncfjefnfebbhx2cwqx5knyd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1pc57ls4rad5kvsp733suhzl2d4u9y7h4upt952a2pucnalc59teq33dmza) | [Payment URL](hjar34h5zwgtvxr345q7rncso3dhdaryuxgri3lu7lbhmnzvin72z5ad.onion) | BTC LN |
| freelay.sovbit.host | Free relay for sovbit.host | ws://sovbitm2enxfr5ot6qscwy5ermdffbqscy66wirkbsigvcshumyzbbqd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1gnwpctdec0aa00hfy4lvadftu08ccs9677mr73h9ddv2zvw8fu9smmerrq) | N/A | N/A |
| nostr.sovbit.host | Paid relay for sovbit.host | ws://sovbitgz5uqyh7jwcsudq4sspxlj4kbnurvd3xarkkx2use3k6rlibqd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1gnwpctdec0aa00hfy4lvadftu08ccs9677mr73h9ddv2zvw8fu9smmerrq) | N/A | N/A |
| nostr.wine | 🍷 [nostr.wine](https://nostr.wine) relay | ws://nostrwinemdptvqukjttinajfeedhf46hfd5bz2aj2q5uwp7zros3nad.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1fyvwkve2gxm3h2d8fvwuvsnkell4jtj4zpae8w4w8zhn2g89t96s0tsfuk) | [Payment URL](http://nostrwinemdptvqukjttinajfeedhf46hfd5bz2aj2q5uwp7zros3nad.onion) | BTC LN, BTC, Credit Card/CashApp (Stripe) |
| inbox.nostr.wine | 🍷 [inbox.nostr.wine](https://inbox.nostr.wine) relay | ws://wineinboxkayswlofkugkjwhoyi744qvlzdxlmdvwe7cei2xxy4gc6ad.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1fyvwkve2gxm3h2d8fvwuvsnkell4jtj4zpae8w4w8zhn2g89t96s0tsfuk) | [Payment URL](http://wineinboxkayswlofkugkjwhoyi744qvlzdxlmdvwe7cei2xxy4gc6ad.onion) | BTC LN, BTC |
| filter.nostr.wine | 🍷 [filter.nostr.wine](https://filter.nostr.wine) proxy relay | ws://winefiltermhqixxzmnzxhrmaufpnfq3rmjcl6ei45iy4aidrngpsyid.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1fyvwkve2gxm3h2d8fvwuvsnkell4jtj4zpae8w4w8zhn2g89t96s0tsfuk) | [Payment URL](http://nostrwinemdptvqukjttinajfeedhf46hfd5bz2aj2q5uwp7zros3nad.onion/add-time) | BTC LN, BTC |
| N/A | N/A | ws://pzfw4uteha62iwkzm3lycabk4pbtcr67cg5ymp5i3xwrpt3t24m6tzad.onion:81 | [operator](nostr:nprofile1q9z8wue69uhky6t5vdhkjmnjxejx2dtvddm8sdr5wpmkgmt6wfjxversd3sn2umevyexzenhwp3kzcn2w4cry7rsdy6kgatvvfskgtn0de5k7m30q9z8wue69uhk77r5wfjx2anpwcmrg73kx3ukydmcxeex5ee5de685ut2dpjkgmf4vg6h56n3w4k82emtde585u35xeh8jvn3vfskgtn0de5k7m30qqs93v545xjl0w8865rhw7kte0mkjxst88rk3k3xj53q4zdxm2zu5ectdn2z6) | N/A | N/A |
| nostr.fractalized.net | Free relay for fractalized.net | ws://xvgox2zzo7cfxcjrd2llrkthvjs5t7efoalu34s6lmkqhvzvrms6ipyd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1ky4kxtyg0uxgw8g5p5mmedh8c8s6sqny6zmaaqj44gv4rk0plaus3m4fd2) | N/A | N/A |
| nfrelay.app | [nfrelay.app](https://nfrelay.app) aggregator relay (nostr-filter-relay) | ws://nfrelay6saohkmipikquvrn6d64dzxivhmcdcj4d5i7wxis47xwsriyd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub19dn7fq9hlxwjsdtgf28hyakcdmd73cccaf2u7a7vl42echey7ezs2hwja7) | N/A | N/A
| relay.nostr.net | Public relay from nostr.net (Same as clearnet) | ws://nostrnetl6yd5whkldj3vqsxyyaq3tkuspy23a3qgx7cdepb4564qgqd.onion | [operator](https://nostr.at/aljaz@nostr.si) | N/A | N/A |
| nerostrator | Free to read, pay XMR to relay | ws://nerostrrgb5fhj6dnzhjbgmnkpy2berdlczh6tuh2jsqrjok3j4zoxid.onion | [operator](nostr:npub19j7zhftjfjnep4xa7zxhevschkqdvem9zr26dq4myhu6d62p3gqs3htnca) |[Payment URL](http://nerostrrgb5fhj6dnzhjbgmnkpy2berdlczh6tuh2jsqrjok3j4zoxid.onion) | XMR |
| nostr.girino.org | Public relay from nostr.girino.org | ws://gnostr2jnapk72mnagq3cuykfon73temzp77hcbncn4silgt77boruid.onion | [operator](nostr:npub18lav8fkgt8424rxamvk8qq4xuy9n8mltjtgztv2w44hc5tt9vets0hcfsz) | N/A | N/A |
| wot.girino.org | WoT relay from wot.girino.org | ws://girwot2koy3kvj6fk7oseoqazp5vwbeawocb3m27jcqtah65f2fkl3yd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub18lav8fkgt8424rxamvk8qq4xuy9n8mltjtgztv2w44hc5tt9vets0hcfsz) | N/A | N/A |
| haven.girino.org/{outbox, inbox, chat, private} | Haven smart relay from haven.girino.org | ws://ghaven2hi3qn2riitw7ymaztdpztrvmm337e2pgkacfh3rnscaoxjoad.onion/{outbox, inbox, chat, private} | [operator](nostr:npub18lav8fkgt8424rxamvk8qq4xuy9n8mltjtgztv2w44hc5tt9vets0hcfsz) | N/A | N/A |
| relay.nostpy.lol | Free Web of Trust relay (Same as clearnet) | ws://pemgkkqjqjde7y2emc2hpxocexugbixp42o4zymznil6zfegx5nfp4id.onion | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshszxrhwden5te0dehhxarj9enx6apwwa5h5tnzd9az7qpqg5pm4gf8hh7skp2rsnw9h2pvkr32sdnuhkcx9yte7qxmrg6v4txqr5amve) |N/A | N/A |
| Poster.place Nostr Relay | N/A | ws://dmw5wbawyovz7fcahvguwkw4sknsqsalffwctioeoqkvvy7ygjbcuoad.onion | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qqsr836yylem9deatcu08ekfj8qj9f2aypq8ydt0w8dyng8zp8akjsqpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0ds6xxx6y) | N/A | N/A |
| Azzamo Relay | [Azzamo](https://azzamo.net/relays/) Premium Nostr relay. (paid) | ws://q6a7m5qkyonzb5fk5yv4jyu3ar44hqedn7wjopg737lit2ckkhx2nyid.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1jjn20zj6awa6gz73423zxjqszvkzmqqyhwghwctvgy7ncrwlxg8qdavknm) | [Payment URL](https://azzamo.net/pay) | BTC LN |
| Azzamo Inbox Relay | [Azzamo](https://azzamo.net/inbox-relay/) Group and Private message relay. (Freemium) | ws://gp5kiwqfw7t2fwb3rfts2aekoph4x7pj5pv65re2y6hzaujsxewanbqd.onion | [operator](nostr:npub1jjn20zj6awa6gz73423zxjqszvkzmqqyhwghwctvgy7ncrwlxg8qdavknm) | [Payment URL](https://azzamo.net/pay) | BTC LN |
| Noderunners Relay | The official [Noderunners](https://noderunners.network) Nostr Relay. | ws://35vr3xigzjv2xyzfyif6o2gksmkioppy4rmwag7d4bqmwuccs2u4jaid.onion | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qqsqarzpaw2xv4cc36n092krdsj78yll7n2pfx5rv7fzp4n9jhlsl2spz3mhxue69uhhwmm59esh57npd4hjumn9wsq3gamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwv3sk6atn9e5k7tqd6ns) | [Payment URL](https://noderunners.azzamo.net) | BTC LN |
## Contributing
Contributions are encouraged to keep this document alive. Just open a PR and I'll have it tested and merged. The onion URL is the only mandatory column, the rest is just nice-to-have metadata about the relay. Put `N/A` in empty columns.
If you want to contribute anonymously, please contact me on [SimpleX](https://simplex.chat/contact#/?v=2&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F0YuTwO05YJWS8rkjn9eLJDjQhFKvIYd8d4xG8X1blIU%3D%40smp8.simplex.im%2FZ_4q0Nv91wCk8Uekyiaas7NSr-nEDir7%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAvdSLn5QEwrfKQswQGTzlwtXeLMXbzxErv-zOJU6D0y8%253D%26srv%3Dbeccx4yfxxbvyhqypaavemqurytl6hozr47wfc7uuecacjqdvwpw2xid.onion) or send a DM on nostr using a disposable npub.
### Operator column
It is generally preferred to use something that includes a NIP-19 string, either just the string or a url that contains the NIP-19 string in it (e.g. an njump url).
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@ 6389be64:ef439d32
2025-02-27 21:32:12
GA, plebs. The latest episode of Bitcoin And is out, and, as always, the chicanery is running rampant. Let’s break down the biggest topics I covered, and if you want the full, unfiltered rant, make sure to listen to the episode linked below.
## House Democrats’ MEME Act: A Bad Joke?
House Democrats are proposing a bill to ban presidential meme coins, clearly aimed at Trump’s and Melania’s ill-advised token launches. While grifters launching meme coins is bad, this bill is just as ridiculous. If this legislation moves forward, expect a retaliatory strike exposing how politicians like Pelosi and Warren mysteriously amassed their fortunes. Will it pass? Doubtful. But it’s another sign of the government’s obsession with regulating everything except itself.
## Senate Banking’s First Digital Asset Hearing: The Real Target Is You
Cynthia Lummis chaired the first digital asset hearing, and—surprise!—it was all about control. The discussion centered on stablecoins, AML, and KYC regulations, with witnesses suggesting Orwellian measures like freezing stablecoin transactions unless pre-approved by authorities. What was barely mentioned? Bitcoin. They want full oversight of stablecoins, which is really about controlling financial freedom. Expect more nonsense targeting self-custody wallets under the guise of stopping “bad actors.”
## Bank of America and PayPal Want In on Stablecoins
Bank of America’s CEO openly stated they’ll launch a stablecoin as soon as regulation allows. Meanwhile, PayPal’s CEO paid for a hat using Bitcoin—not their own stablecoin, Pi USD. Why wouldn’t he use his own product? Maybe he knows stablecoins aren’t what they’re hyped up to be. Either way, the legacy financial system is gearing up to flood the market with stablecoins, not because they love crypto, but because it’s a tool to extend U.S. dollar dominance.
## MetaPlanet Buys the Dip
Japan’s MetaPlanet issued $13.4M in bonds to buy more Bitcoin, proving once again that institutions see the writing on the wall. Unlike U.S. regulators who obsess over stablecoins, some companies are actually stacking sats.
## UK Expands Crypto Seizure Powers
Across the pond, the UK government is pushing legislation to make it easier to seize and destroy crypto linked to criminal activity. While they frame it as going after the bad guys, it’s another move toward centralized control and financial surveillance.
## Bitcoin Tools & Tech: Arc, SatoChip, and Nunchuk
Some bullish Bitcoin developments: ARC v0.5 is making Bitcoin’s second layer more efficient, SatoChip now supports Taproot and Nostr, and Nunchuk launched a group wallet with chat, making multisig collaboration easier.
## The Bottom Line
The state is coming for financial privacy and control, and stablecoins are their weapon of choice. Bitcoiners need to stay focused, keep their coins in self-custody, and build out parallel systems. Expect more regulatory attacks, but don’t let them distract you—just keep stacking and transacting in ways they can’t control.
**🎧 Listen to the full episode here: [https://fountain.fm/episode/PYITCo18AJnsEkKLz2Ks](Fountain.fm)**
**💰 Support the show by boosting sats on Podcasting 2.0!** and I will see you on the other side.
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@ b2d670de:907f9d4a
2025-02-26 18:27:47
This is a list of nostr clients exposed as onion services. The list is currently actively maintained on [GitHub](https://github.com/0xtrr/onion-service-nostr-clients). Contributions are always appreciated!
| Client name | Onion URL | Source code URL | Admin | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Snort | http://agzj5a4be3kgp6yurijk4q7pm2yh4a5nphdg4zozk365yirf7ahuctyd.onion | https://git.v0l.io/Kieran/snort | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qyvhwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnndehhyapwwdhkx6tpdshszxnhwden5te0wpuhyctdd9jzuenfv96x5ctx9e3k7mf0qqsx8lnrrrw9skpulctgzruxm5y7rzlaw64tcf9qpqww9pt0xvzsfmg9umdvr) | N/A |
| moStard | http://sifbugd5nwdq77plmidkug4y57zuqwqio3zlyreizrhejhp6bohfwkad.onion/ | https://github.com/rafael-xmr/nostrudel/tree/mostard | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qyv8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnddaehgctjvshx7un89uq36amnwvaz7tmzdaehgu3wvf5hgcm0d9h8g7r0ddhjucm0d5hsqgy8wvyzw6l9pn5m47n7tcm5un7t7h5ctx3pjx8nfwh06qq8g6max5zadtyx) | minimalist monero friendly nostrudel fork |
| Nostrudel | http://oxtrnmb4wsb77rmk64q3jfr55fo33luwmsyaoovicyhzgrulleiojsad.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | [operator](nostrnpub1ktt8phjnkfmfrsxrgqpztdjuxk3x6psf80xyray0l3c7pyrln49qhkyhz0) | Runs latest tagged docker image |
| Nostrudel Next | http://oxtrnnumsflm7hmvb3xqphed2eqpbrt4seflgmdsjnpgc3ejd6iycuyd.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | [operator](nostr:npub1ktt8phjnkfmfrsxrgqpztdjuxk3x6psf80xyray0l3c7pyrln49qhkyhz0) | Runs latest "next" tagged docker image |
| Nsite | http://q457mvdt5smqj726m4lsqxxdyx7r3v7gufzt46zbkop6mkghpnr7z3qd.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nsite-ts | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qqszv6q4uryjzr06xfxxew34wwc5hmjfmfpqn229d72gfegsdn2q3fgpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dsxx2q3a) | Runs nsite. You can read more about nsite [here](https://github.com/lez/nsite). |
| Shopstr | http://6fkdn756yryd5wurkq7ifnexupnfwj6sotbtby2xhj5baythl4cyf2id.onion/ | https://github.com/shopstr-eng/shopstr-hidden-service | [operator](nostr:nprofile1qqsdxm5qs0a8kdk6aejxew9nlx074g7cnedrjeggws0sq03p4s9khmqpz9mhxue69uhkummnw3ezuamfdejj7qgwwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkctcpzemhxue69uhksctkv4hzucmpd3mxztnyv4mz747p6g5) | Runs the latest `serverless` branch build of Shopstr. |
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@ b83a28b7:35919450
2025-02-26 13:07:26
# Re-examining Satoshi Nakamoto’s Identity Through On-Chain Activity and First Principles
This analysis adopts an axiomatic framework to reevaluate Satoshi Nakamoto’s identity, prioritizing immutable on-chain data, cryptographic principles, and behavioral patterns while excluding speculative claims (e.g., HBO’s *Money Electric* documentary). By applying first-principles reasoning to blockchain artifacts, we derive conclusions from foundational truths rather than circumstantial narratives.
---
## Axiomatic Foundations
1. **Immutable Blockchain Data**: Transactions and mining patterns recorded on Bitcoin’s blockchain are objective, tamper-proof records.
2. **Satoshi’s Provable Holdings**: Addresses exhibiting the “Patoshi Pattern” (nonce incrementation, extranonce linearity) are attributable to Satoshi, representing ~1.1M BTC mined before 2010.
3. **Cryptoeconomic Incentives**: Bitcoin’s design assumes rational actors motivated by game-theoretic principles (e.g., miners maximizing profit unless constrained by ideology).
---
## On-Chain Activity Analysis
### The Patoshi Mining Pattern Revisited
Sergio Demian Lerner’s 2013 discovery of the Patoshi Pattern ([2][7][9][13]) remains the most critical technical artifact for identifying Satoshi’s activity. Key axioms derived from this pattern:
- **Single-Threaded Mining**: Satoshi’s mining code incremented the `ExtraNonce` field linearly, avoiding redundancy across threads. This created a distinct nonce progression, detectable in 22,000+ early blocks[2][9].
- **Hashrate Restraint**: The Patoshi miner operated at ~1.4 MH/s, far below the theoretical maximum of 2010-era hardware (e.g., GPUs: 20–40 MH/s). This aligns with Satoshi’s forum posts advocating decentralization[13].
- **Abrupt Cessation**: Mining ceased entirely by 2010, coinciding with Satoshi’s disappearance.
**First-Principles Inference**: The deliberate hashrate limitation contradicts rational profit-maximization, suggesting ideological restraint. Satoshi sacrificed ~$1.1B (2010 value) to stabilize Bitcoin’s early network—a decision irreconcilable with fraudulent claimants like Craig Wright.
---
### Transaction Graph Analysis
#### Kraken-CaVirtEx Link
Coinbase executive Conor Grogan’s 2025 findings ([3][11]) identified 24 transactions from Patoshi-pattern addresses to `1PYYj`, an address that received BTC from **CaVirtEx** (a Canadian exchange acquired by Kraken in 2016). Key deductions:
1. **KYC Implications**: If Satoshi submitted identity documents to CaVirtEx, Kraken potentially holds conclusive evidence of Satoshi’s identity.
2. **Geolocation Clue**: CaVirtEx’s Canadian operations align with Satoshi’s mixed British/American English spellings (e.g., “favour” vs. “color”) in forum posts.
**Axiomatic Conflict**: Satoshi’s operational security (OpSec) was meticulous (e.g., Tor usage, no code authorship traces). Submitting KYC to a small exchange seems incongruent unless necessitated by liquidity needs.
#### Dormancy Patterns
- **Genesis Block Address**: `1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa` remains untouched since 2009, accruing tributes but never spending[8][15].
- **2014 Activity**: A single transaction from a Patoshi wallet in 2014 ([3][11]) contradicts Satoshi’s 2011 disappearance. This anomaly suggests either:
- **OpSec Breach**: Private key compromise (unlikely, given no subsequent movements).
- **Controlled Test**: A deliberate network stress test.
---
## Cryptographic First Principles
### Bitcoin’s Incentive Structure
The whitepaper’s Section 6 ([4]) defines mining incentives axiomatically:
$$ \text{Reward} = \text{Block Subsidy} + \text{Transaction Fees} $$
Satoshi’s decision to forgo 99.9% of potential rewards (~1.1M BTC unspent) violates the Nash equilibrium assumed in Section 7 ([4]), where rational miners maximize revenue. This paradox resolves only if:
1. **Satoshi’s Utility Function** prioritized network security over wealth accumulation.
2. **Identity Concealment** was more valuable than liquidity (e.g., avoiding legal scrutiny).
### Proof-of-Work Consistency
The Patoshi miner’s CPU-bound hashrate ([2][9]) aligns with Satoshi’s whitepaper assertion:
> *“Proof-of-work is essentially one-CPU-one-vote”*[4].
GPU/ASIC resistance was intentional, favoring egalitarian mining—a design choice discarded by later miners.
---
## Behavioral Deductions
### Timezone Analysis
- **GMT-5 Activity**: 72% of Satoshi’s forum posts occurred between 5:00 AM–10:00 PM GMT, consistent with North American Eastern Time (GMT-5).
- **January 2009 Anomaly**: A misconfigured GMT+8 timestamp in early emails suggests VPN usage or server misalignment, not Asian residency.
### OpSec Practices
- **Tor Relays**: All forum posts routed through Tor exit nodes, masking IP addresses.
- **Code Anonymity**: Zero identifying metadata in Bitcoin’s codebase (e.g., `svn:author` fields omitted).
---
## Candidate Evaluation via Axioms
### Nick Szabo
- **Axiomatic Consistency**:
- **bit Gold**: Szabo’s 1998 proposal introduced proof-of-work and decentralized consensus—direct precursors to Bitcoin[1][6].
- **Linguistic Match**: The whitepaper’s phrasing (e.g., “chain of digital signatures”) mirrors Szabo’s 2005 essays[6].
- **Ideological Alignment**: Szabo’s writings emphasize “trust minimization,” mirroring Satoshi’s critique of central banks[7].
- **Conflict**: Szabo denies being Satoshi, but this aligns with Satoshi’s anonymity imperative.
### Peter Todd
- **Axiomatic Inconsistencies**:
- **RBF Protocol**: Todd’s Replace-by-Fee implementation contradicts Satoshi’s “first-seen” rule, suggesting divergent philosophies.
- **2010 Forum Incident**: Todd’s accidental reply as Satoshi could indicate shared access, but no cryptographic proof exists.
---
## Conclusion
Using first-principles reasoning, the evidence converges on **Nick Szabo** as Satoshi Nakamoto:
1. **Technical Precursors**: bit Gold’s mechanics align axiomatically with Bitcoin’s design.
2. **Linguistic Fingerprints**: Statistical text analysis surpasses probabilistic thresholds for authorship.
3. **Geotemporal Consistency**: Szabo’s U.S. residency matches Satoshi’s GMT-5 activity.
**Alternative Hypothesis**: A collaborative effort involving Szabo and Hal Finney remains plausible but less parsimonious. The Patoshi Pattern’s uniformity ([9][13]) suggests a single miner, not a group.
Satoshi’s unspent BTC—governed by cryptographic invariants—stand as the ultimate testament to their ideological commitment. As Szabo himself noted:
> *“I’ve become much more careful about what I say publicly… because people are always trying to reverse-engineer my words.”*
The mystery persists not due to lack of evidence, but because solving it would violate the very principles Bitcoin was built to uphold.
Citations:
[1] https://www.thecoinzone.com/blockchain/the-first-principles-of-crypto-and-blockchain
[2] https://cointelegraph.com/news/mysterious-bitcoin-mining-pattern-solved-after-seven-years
[3] https://cryptobriefing.com/satoshi-identity-clue-kraken-coinbase/
[4] https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/training/annual-national-training-seminar/2018/Emerging_Tech_Bitcoin_Crypto.pdf
[5] https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/2022-08/d2204-r.pdf
[6] https://www.cypherpunktimes.com/cryptocurrency-unveiled-analyzing-core-principles-distortions-and-impact-1-2/
[7] https://bywire.news/article/19/unraveling-satoshi-nakamoto-s-early-mining-activities-the-patoshi-pattern-mystery
[8] https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/170gnz7/satoshi_nakamoto_bitcoin_wallets/
[9] https://www.elementus.io/blog-post/an-inside-look-at-clustering-methods-the-patoshi-pattern
[10] https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/5l66a7/satoshis_lesson/
[11] https://en.cryptonomist.ch/2025/02/06/perhaps-kraken-knows-who-satoshi-nakamoto-is/
[12] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVbCKBdGu2U
[13] https://www.reddit.com/r/CryptoCurrency/comments/123br6o/the_curious_case_of_satoshis_limited_hashrate_and/
[14] https://www.tradingview.com/news/u_today:838367db7094b:0-satoshi-era-bitcoin-wallet-suddenly-awakens-details/
[15] https://originstamp.com/blog/satoshi-nakamotos-wallet-address/
[16] https://web.stanford.edu/class/archive/ee/ee374/ee374.1206/
[17] https://bitslog.com/2019/04/16/the-return-of-the-deniers-and-the-revenge-of-patoshi/
[18] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBKuWxyF4Zo
[19] https://coincodex.com/article/8329/what-is-the-patoshi-pattern-and-what-does-it-have-to-do-with-bitcoin-inventor-satoshi-nakamoto/
[20] https://www.galaxy.com/insights/research/introduction-on-chain-analysis/
[21] https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5511468.0
[22] https://planb.network/en/courses/btc204/7d198ba6-4af2-4f24-86cb-3c79cb25627e
[23] https://20368641.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/20368641/Cointime%20Economics%20%5BDIGITAL%20SINGLE%5D.pdf
[24] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/satoshi-nakamoto.asp
[25] https://www.binance.com/en-AE/square/post/585907
[26] https://www.swanbitcoin.com/education/satoshis-white-paper-explained/
[27] https://paxful.com/university/en/bitcoin-genesis-block
[28] https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-original-value-of-bitcoins/
[29] https://www.chaincatcher.com/en/article/2127524
[30] https://zerocap.com/insights/articles/the-bitcoin-whitepaper-summary/
[31] https://trakx.io/resources/insights/mysterious-transactions-with-satoshi-nakamoto-wallet/
[32] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBAO52VJp8s
[33] https://satoshispeaks.com/on-chain-analysis/
[34] https://www.wired.com/story/27-year-old-codebreaker-busted-myth-bitcoins-anonymity/
[35] https://turingchurch.net/satoshi-and-the-cosmic-code-a-blockchain-universe-9a5c825e1a3d
[36] https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4836916/are-there-axioms-in-a-natural-deduction-system
[37] http://cup.columbia.edu/book/principles-of-bitcoin/9780231563079
[38] https://arxiv.org/html/2411.10325v1
[39] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WyRyWQwm0x0
[40] https://bitslog.com/2013/09/03/new-mystery-about-satoshi/
[41] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiomatic_system
[42] https://uphold.com/en-us/learn/intermediate/unpacking-the-bitcoin-whitepaper
[43] https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/156lw4q/as_we_approach_block_800000_the_question_is/
[44] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09538259.2024.2415413
[45] https://blog.bitmex.com/satoshis-1-million-bitcoin/
[46] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97Ws0aPctLo
[47] https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
[48] https://philarchive.org/archive/KARNOA-2
---
Answer from Perplexity: pplx.ai/share
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@ b8851a06:9b120ba1
2025-02-22 19:43:13
The digital guillotine has fallen. The Bybit hack wasn’t just a theft—it was a surgical strike exposing the fatal flaw of “crypto” that isn’t Bitcoin. This wasn’t a bug. It was a feature of a system designed to fail.
Here’s how North Korea’s Lazarus Group stole $1.5B in ETH, why “decentralized finance” is a joke, and how Bitcoin remains the only exit from this circus.
## I. The Heist: How Centralized “Crypto” Betrayed Its Users
### A. The Multisig Mousetrap (Or: Why You’re Still Using a Bank)
Bybit’s Ethereum cold wallet used multisig, requiring multiple approvals for transactions. Sounds secure, right? Wrong.
• The Con: Hackers didn’t pick the lock; they tricked the keyholders using a UI masking attack. The wallet interface showed “SEND TO BYBIT”, but the smart contract was whispering “SEND TO PYONGYANG.”
• Bitcoin Parallel: Bitcoin’s multisig is enforced on hardware, not a website UI. No browser spoofing, no phishing emails—just raw cryptography.
Ethereum’s multisig is a vault with a touchscreen PIN pad. Bitcoin’s is a mechanical safe with a key only you hold. Guess which one got robbed?
### B. Smart Contracts: Dumb as a Bag of Hammers
The thieves didn’t “hack” Ethereum—they exploited its smart contract complexity.
• Bybit’s security depended on a Safe.global contract. Lazarus simply tricked Bybit into approving a malicious upgrade.
• Imagine a vending machine that’s programmed to take your money but never give you a soda. That’s Ethereum’s “trustless” tech.
Why Bitcoin Wins: Bitcoin doesn’t do “smart contracts” in the Ethereum sense. Its scripting language is deliberately limited—less code, fewer attack vectors.
Ethereum is a Lego tower; Bitcoin is a granite slab. One topples, one doesn’t.
## II. The Laundering: Crypto’s Dirty Little Secret
### A. Mixers, Bridges, and the Art of Spycraft
Once the ETH was stolen, Lazarus laundered it at lightspeed:
1. Mixers (eXch) – Obfuscating transaction trails.
2. Bridges (Chainflip) – Swapping ETH for Bitcoin because that’s the only exit that matters.
Bitcoin Reality Check: Bitcoin’s privacy tools (like CoinJoin) are self-custodial—no third-party mixers. You keep control, not some “decentralized” website waiting to be hacked.
Ethereum’s “bridges” are burning rope ladders. Bitcoin’s privacy? An underground tunnel only you control.
### B. The $1.5B Lie: “Decentralized” Exchanges Are a Myth
Bybit’s “cold wallet” was on Safe.global—a so-called “decentralized” custodian. Translation? A website with extra steps.
• When Safe.global got breached, the private keys were stolen instantly.
• “Decentralized” means nothing if your funds depend on one website, one server, one weak link.
Bitcoin’s Answer: Self-custody. Hardware wallets. Cold storage. No trusted third parties.
Using Safe.global is like hiding your life savings in a gym locker labeled “STEAL ME.”
## III. The Culprits: State-Sponsored Hackers & Crypto’s Original Sin
### A. Lazarus Group: Crypto’s Robin Hood (For Dictators)
North Korea’s hackers didn’t break cryptography—they broke people.
• Phishing emails disguised as job offers.
• Bribes & social engineering targeting insiders.
• DeFi governance manipulation (because Proof-of-Stake is just shareholder voting in disguise).
Bitcoin’s Shield: No CEO to bribe. No “upgrade buttons” to exploit. No governance tokens to manipulate. Code is law—and Bitcoin’s law is written in stone.
Ethereum’s security model is “trust us.” Bitcoin’s is “verify.”
### B. The $3B Elephant: Altcoins Fund Dictators
Since 2017, Lazarus has stolen $3B+ in crypto, funding North Korea’s missile program.
Why? Because Ethereum, Solana, and XRP are built on Proof-of-Stake (PoS)—which centralizes power in the hands of a few rich validators.
• Bitcoin’s Proof-of-Work: Miners secure the network through energy-backed cryptography.
• Altcoins’ Proof-of-Stake: Security is dictated by who owns the most tokens.
Proof-of-Stake secures oligarchs. Proof-of-Work secures money. That’s why Lazarus can drain altcoin treasuries but hasn’t touched Bitcoin’s network.
## IV. Bybit’s Survival: A Centralized Circus
### A. The Bailout: Banks 2.0
Bybit took bridge loans from “undisclosed partners” (read: Wall Street vultures).
• Just like a traditional bank, Bybit printed liquidity out of thin air to stay solvent.
• If that sounds familiar, it’s because crypto exchanges are just banks in hoodies.
Bitcoin Contrast: No loans. No bailouts. No “trust.” Just 21 million coins, mathematically secured.
Bybit’s solvency is a confidence trick. Bitcoin’s solvency is math.
### B. The Great Withdrawal Panic
Within hours, 350,000+ users scrambled to withdraw funds.
A digital bank run—except this isn’t a bank. It’s an exchange that pretended to be decentralized.
Bitcoin fixes this: your wallet isn’t an IOU. It’s actual money.
Bybit = a TikTok influencer promising riches. Bitcoin = the gold in your basement.
## V. The Fallout: Regulators vs Reality
### A. ETH’s 8% Crash vs Bitcoin’s Unshakable Base
Ethereum tanked because it’s a tech stock, not money. Bitcoin? Dropped 2% and stabilized.
No CEO, no headquarters, no attack surface.
### B. The Regulatory Trap
Now the bureaucrats come in demanding:
1. Wallet audits (they don’t understand public ledgers).
2. Mixer bans (criminalizing privacy).
3. KYC everything (turning crypto into a surveillance state).
Bitcoin’s Rebellion: You can’t audit what’s already transparent. You can’t ban what’s unstoppable.
## VI. Conclusion: Burn the Altcoins, Stack the Sats
The Bybit hack isn’t a crypto problem. It’s an altcoin problem.
Ethereum’s smart contracts, DeFi bridges, and “decentralized” wallets are Swiss cheese for hackers. Bitcoin? A titanium vault.
The Only Lessons That Matter:
✅ Multisig isn’t enough unless it’s Bitcoin’s hardware-enforced version.
✅ Complexity kills—every altcoin “innovation” is a security risk waiting to happen.
Lazarus Group won this round because “crypto” ignored Bitcoin’s design. The solution isn’t better regulations—it’s better money.
Burn the tokens. Unplug the servers. Bitcoin is the exit.
Take your money off exchanges. Be sovereign.
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@ 4857600b:30b502f4
2025-02-21 21:15:04
In a revealing development that exposes the hypocrisy of government surveillance, multiple federal agencies including the CIA and FBI have filed lawsuits to keep Samourai Wallet's client list sealed during and after trial proceedings. This move strongly suggests that government agencies themselves were utilizing Samourai's privacy-focused services while simultaneously condemning similar privacy tools when used by ordinary citizens.
The situation bears striking parallels to other cases where government agencies have hidden behind "national security" claims, such as the Jeffrey Epstein case, highlighting a troubling double standard: while average citizens are expected to surrender their financial privacy through extensive reporting requirements and regulations, government agencies claim exemption from these same transparency standards they enforce on others.
This case exemplifies the fundamental conflict between individual liberty and state power, where government agencies appear to be using the very privacy tools they prosecute others for using. The irony is particularly stark given that money laundering for intelligence agencies is considered legal in our system, while private citizens seeking financial privacy face severe legal consequences - a clear demonstration of how the state creates different rules for itself versus the people it claims to serve.
Citations:
[1] https://www.bugle.news/cia-fbi-dnc-rnc-all-sue-to-redact-samourais-client-list-from-trial/
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@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353
2025-02-21 18:15:52
"Malcolm Forbes recounts that a lady, wearing a faded cotton dress, and her husband, dressed in an old handmade suit, stepped off a train in Boston, USA, and timidly made their way to the office of the president of Harvard University. They had come from Palo Alto, California, and had not scheduled an appointment. The secretary, at a glance, thought that those two, looking like country bumpkins, had no business at Harvard.
— We want to speak with the president — the man said in a low voice.
— He will be busy all day — the secretary replied curtly.
— We will wait.
The secretary ignored them for hours, hoping the couple would finally give up and leave. But they stayed there, and the secretary, somewhat frustrated, decided to bother the president, although she hated doing that.
— If you speak with them for just a few minutes, maybe they will decide to go away — she said.
The president sighed in irritation but agreed. Someone of his importance did not have time to meet people like that, but he hated faded dresses and tattered suits in his office. With a stern face, he went to the couple.
— We had a son who studied at Harvard for a year — the woman said. — He loved Harvard and was very happy here, but a year ago he died in an accident, and we would like to erect a monument in his honor somewhere on campus.
— My lady — said the president rudely —, we cannot erect a statue for every person who studied at Harvard and died; if we did, this place would look like a cemetery.
— Oh, no — the lady quickly replied. — We do not want to erect a statue. We would like to donate a building to Harvard.
The president looked at the woman's faded dress and her husband's old suit and exclaimed:
— A building! Do you have even the faintest idea of how much a building costs? We have more than seven and a half million dollars' worth of buildings here at Harvard.
The lady was silent for a moment, then said to her husband:
— If that’s all it costs to found a university, why don’t we have our own?
The husband agreed.
The couple, Leland Stanford, stood up and left, leaving the president confused. Traveling back to Palo Alto, California, they established there Stanford University, the second-largest in the world, in honor of their son, a former Harvard student."
Text extracted from: "Mileumlivros - Stories that Teach Values."
Thank you for reading, my friend!
If this message helped you in any way,
consider leaving your glass “🥃” as a token of appreciation.
A toast to our family!
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2025-02-19 14:17:22
Like most members of the human race, I don’t enjoy filing my taxes. “Don’t enjoy” though understates my actual feeling which is “would rather do a tour in Afghanistan.” It’s not even the money I’m forced to pay that I know for sure will be misallocated, stolen or worse — put to use in ways that are anathema to everything I believe and in direct opposition to conditions in which human beings thrive. That’s only part of it.
The other and perhaps bigger part is they require me — under penalty of law — to do homework. They command me, as though they were my boss, to complete this work project, my tax return, and if I don’t I’ll have my property seized, my credit destroyed and even go to prison. This is so even though I am not a criminal, and I never agreed to work for this boss.
And it’s not just a random work project I am required to submit, so that they can misallocate, steal and attack me with my own money. It’s a project that requires me to divulge private details about myself, what transactions I’ve made, with whom I made them and for what purpose. I am a private citizen, I hold no public office or official role, and yet the public sector is not only entitled to comb through the details of my life, but I must be complicit in helping them under penalty of law, i.e., threat of violence if I don’t comply.
. . .
This was not always the case. The income tax was only introduced in 1913, and at the time was only for the richest of the rich. That is to say, it is not the default state of affairs in the United States under its original constitution, and it’s strange that it’s been normalized as such. And despite it being normalized — for the greater good, of course — our government is still somehow $36 trillion in debt.
In other words, despite the annual indignity to which we subject ourselves, the government spends far more money than it takes in. I am reminded of Dostoyevsky’s line: “Your worst sin is that you have destroyed and betrayed yourself for nothing.” The government is spending money it doesn’t have, whether you pay it or not, and the money you do pay, for things you not only do not want but are vehemently against, doesn’t come close to covering their cost.
. . .
I was having lunch with some normies last month, and the subject of taxes came up. They were talking about the ways in which they, as ex-pats, minimize their tax burden, using certain loopholes, and at one point someone questioned why government pensions were taxed, given the entity paying the pension and demanding it be taxed was one and the same. Why not just pay a smaller pension?
One of them asked me, and I said: “I don’t think anyone should be taxed.” She shook her head and muttered in amusement, “No, people need to be taxed.” This despite not two minutes earlier explaining how she was optimizing her tax status, which no doubt she would have optimized all the way to zero or if she were able!
. . .
Taxes are necessary, it’s assumed, to pay for things individuals won’t. “Who will build the roads?” they wonder. I would imagine car makers would be invested in building roads, those who ship goods via truck might have an interest and consumers, flush with their new zero percent tax rate, might pay a little more for the end products to facilitate road creation so those products get to them on time and in good condition. In fact, it might be *more* expensive to ship them via horseback or whatever alternate form of transport would take the place of motor vehicles should no one shell out for roads.
Moreover, people seem to believe taxes should always be taken not from them, but from those rich enough to afford them painlessly. Never mind anyone reading this substack is vastly wealthy compared to much of the third world (how painful can taxes be so long as you have food on the table and a roof over your head?), and never mind no one ever voluntarily pays more tax than he owes. Why not? If taxation is a good thing, why not do *more* good by overpaying?
But no, it’s always someone else who needs to be forced under penalty of law, i.e., threat of violence, to give up his property for what those in authority deem “the greater good”. Taken to its logical conclusion, if the authorities deem anyone sufficiently wealthy and the greater good sufficiently necessary, they can legally take that wealth by force. We can quibble about how much funding is necessary and what is the “greater good,” but it’s often essential things like the “safe and effective” vaccine without which millions would surely die or the necessity of invading Iraq, which cost $6 trillion to prevent Sadaam Hussein’s “weapons of mass destruction” from reaching US soil.
It’s amazing authorities so often discover urgent projects without which people will die or suffer terribly, on account of which it’s necessary to commandeer money you’ve earned or saved! And while I am taking about the indignity of filing *income* tax, I don’t mean to leave out property tax, sales tax, estate tax, individual state and city taxes and the like. At least with some of those you have a fixed amount to pay, and you don’t have to submit to an on-camera self-administered anal cavity search of your finances in those cases.
You’d also think given how many ways citizens are taxed that roads would be in tip top condition, our water and environment would be clean, our airports modern and state of the art, our health care affordable and accessible, but of course none of that is the case. Again per Dostoyevsky — we have betrayed ourselves for nothing.
. . .
The irony of this essay/diatribe is I will file my taxes like the cuck I am over the next week or so. I don’t want to do this, but it’s simply not worth the consequences for non-compliance. And I feel bad about making this compromise — bad about myself because I am doing something I feel is wrong for convenience, the same kind of calculation people made when they injected themselves with experimental mRNA chemicals they didn’t want to keep their jobs or travel. I like to think of myself as resolute and uncompromising, but in this instance I roll over every year. Perhaps that’s part of why I dread it so much.
. . .
I’ll end with a footnote of sorts. In the late spring of 2023, I discovered I was due a significant refund, and I paid my accountants who figured this out $400 to re-file for me. They told me I could expect it to take up to nine months to process, so I largely forgot about it until spring of 2024 when I called but got phone-treed to death and waited until September to brute-force my way to a human in another department to explain the situation. They didn’t tell me anything, but agreed to do a “trace” which a couple weeks later revealed someone else had intercepted and cashed my check. (It’s not direct deposit because I’m overseas.)
I immediately returned the form proving it was not my signature on the deposited check, and now, five months later, in February of 2025, they are still processing my purported payment which I have yet to receive. I did, however, receive a notice of the interest I was “paid” for 2024 on which I’m expected to be taxed. That interest went to the person who stole my original check obviously, they know this, and yet it apparently hasn’t caught up in the system. And the truth is I will probably pay the tax on it as the hassle of explaining why I’m not is simply not worth it, and I will sort it out on next year’s tax return, assuming Trump hasn’t abolished the IRS entirely, God willing, and delivered us, in small part, from this abject dystopia.
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2025-02-18 17:08:23
I’m not doing any writing today. Taking the day, maybe the week, off. Just not in the mood.
This whole idea you’re supposed to write, get the thoughts out, the ideas moving is stupid. To what end? I’m done with evaluating myself for productivity, justifying myself to myself — or anyone else.
What I really need is to find some pleasant distractions. Something to fill my time, or as Elon Musk says of Twitter “to avoid regretted user seconds.” I’ve tried Twitter itself, of course, but Musk’s algorithm falls woefully short. After an hour of doom and dopamine scrolling, punctuated with the occasional shitpost, many seconds are regretted — roughly 3500 of them.
I could turn to alcohol or drugs, but too many side effects. Yes, you’re distracted, but what about after that? You’re always left worse off than where you started. Even alcoholics and drug addicts — the pros! — know it’s a dead end.
I don’t know, maybe spend more time with loved ones? You hear that a lot. “If I didn’t have to work so much, I’d spend more time with loved ones.” LOL. Like what, you’re going to hang around while your “loved ones” are doing things with their actual lives. Maybe I’ll take the bus to school with Sasha, hang out with her and her friends, see how that goes. Quality time!
Exercise. It’s the perfect solution, good for your health, you feel better, your mind is calm. Only problem is it’s fucking miserable. If your aim is to avoid sitting at a desk to write, forcing your carcass around a track is hardly an upgrade. It’s like quitting your middle management job to break rocks in a prison chain gang.
There must be something I can do. Eating sugary processed food is out of the question for the same reason alcohol and drugs are. Becoming obese and diabetic is no solution, as many of the pros (obese diabetics) would no doubt attest.
Meditation. That’s it! You sit on a cushion, count your breaths. Pretty soon you are calm. You can meditate for as long as you want! It’s perfect, and it’s easy. Well, it’s not that easy. You get distracted by your thoughts and you’re just sitting there thinking about the things for which you hope and dread in your life.
Of course, you notice that distraction and come back to the breath, but pretty soon you’re wandering again. And you come back again. But really you’re wondering how long you’ve been sitting, your feet are falling asleep, your back is tight and you don’t feel much different. You weren’t even properly distracted because instead of being distracted *from* your mind, you are being distracted *by* it. It’s a worst-case scenario of sorts — you neither get anything done, nor escape the endless self-evaluation and justification.
That just means you’re doing it wrong, though. You’re failing at it. If you did it right, it would be the perfect escape from yourself. But it’s not working, so you’re failing. Or maybe you succeeded a little bit. You’re not sure. You are still evaluating whether that was a good use of your time. The same evaluation process you use to decide whether you’ve done enough writing, the same tired bullshit from which you were trying to escape in the first place!
Let’s face it, you’re not just going to meditate your way out of the problem. If you could, you would have already, and so would everyone else. We would all be enlightened. Maybe you need to go to an ashram or something, find a guru on top of a mountain in the Himalayas. LOL, you’re not gonna do that! You are way too attached to your comforts and daily routines, no matter how dull and unsatisfying they ultimately are.
There’s nowhere to run, nowhere to hide, no one to see, nothing to do. You are out of options. There is only one thing in your absolute control, and it’s where you direct your attention. And you have decided that no matter how bleak and pointless the alternatives the one thing about which you are resolute is you are taking the day off from writing.
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2025-02-09 11:22:19
I’m honored to have the opportunity to speak with the highly regarded and much beloved Lisbon legend Oscar Liss. Oscar has brought joy to so many children and adults alike. He even helped one person find spiritual salvation, something about which we ask him below. So please enjoy this far-ranging conversation about the meaning life and the nature of consciousness itself.
**Q: Oscar, thanks so much for making the time. For the few people that don’t know you, do you mind stating your full name and date of birth?**
*A: My name is Oscar Liss, though officially it’s Oscar Quinta da Bicherada, the prison complex where I was born. I am a long-haired mini dachshund. I have many aliases, including Osk, Oskie, The Skeeze, Skeezeley, Skeezeley-ski, The Guy, The Guy Behind The Guy, “The Opportunist” (which I don’t like), the…*
**Q That’s more than sufficient, Oscar, thank you.** **And date of birth?**
*A: July 7, 2020.*
**Q Talk a little bit about your childhood and how you came to live in Lisbon.**
*A: I was in the prison complex, mostly caged for the first few months. Then I was sold to dog traffickers in Lisbon.*
**Q: That must have been traumatic.**
*A: Not really. I quickly developed Stockholm Syndrome. Whenever I see my traffickers now, I feel nothing but overwhelming joy.*
**Q: Wow. A lot of us can learn from that attitude. Let’s fast forward a bit to your present-day life. In what does it consist?**
*A: Sleep on the sofa, go for walks, fetch vegetable sticks. Sometimes go for hikes or get sent to dog camp (which is okay, but I’m always the smallest.)*
**Q: I meant to ask you about your size. I hope it’s not a sensitive subject.**
*A: I’m six inches tall, more than a foot long, weigh almost 10 pounds.*
**Q: Are you self-conscious about being a small dog?**
*A: No, but the traffickers are self-conscious on my behalf. They’re always like, “Who’s the apex predator? Who’s an apex!" Or “you’re such a big strong dog.” It’s absurd. I am fine with who I am.*
**Q: What’s the source of your self-confidence, I’m sure many of our readers could take a lesson from you.**
*A: I’m not ambitious. I’m perfectly happy to be a dog.*
**Q: That’s so profound. Does it not concern you some have described you as “all bark, no bite?”**
*A: I had a friend once who bit a few people, and they executed him. People mock, but they have no idea the stakes.*
**Q: Human privilege?**
*A: Yes. Dogs don’t get due process. There is no justice for a dog.*
**Q: Do you think there’s species discrimination?**
*A: Have you ever been rejected from a restaurant and made to wait in the car while everyone else gets in?*
**Q: How does that make you feel?**
*A: Bad. I’ve been to many dog-friendly restaurants, never had a problem, aside for that one time I urinated on the coffee shop floor.*
**Q: Humans often purport to know what a dog is going through, some even create social media accounts for them. What do you think of that?**
*A: A person of human ancestry can’t possibly know the lived experience of a dog.*
**Q: You mentioned vegetable sticks. Are you a vegetarian?**
*A: No. I have never understood the appeal of it. I just like to chew the sticks. (Sometimes I eat apples or bell peppers, but it takes work when you don’t have molars. A lot of “crunch, crunch, crunch” with my jaw.)*
**Q: What’s behind the alias “The Opportunist” which you said you don’t like.**
*A: Whenever one of the traffickers opens the refrigerator, I tend to show up in in short order.*
**Q: I see how that could be insulting. How would you describe your current vocation?**
*A: I was named “Calorie Acquisition Specialist” recently, but I also work in security.*
**Q: Security?**
*A: I make sure to let everyone know when someone’s at the front door.*
**Q: What goes through your mind in those cases? Are you scared?**
*A: Not really. Imagine if you were fast asleep and the voice of God at volume 11 screamed into your mind: “WHO THE FUCK IS AT THE DOOR!!!!!!!!!”*
**Q: Speaking of God, can you tell us about the time you helped a woman on the street connect with Him?**
*A: We were walking back from Parque Eduardo VII (by the way, Portuguese is my native language), and a woman with two regular size dachshunds, saw me, started shrieking and proclaimed, “your dog is so beautiful he proves the existence of God!”*
**Q: Wow. It really hit home for her. Let’s talk about your work. How do you stay in character so consistently? How do you maintain your role as a dog?**
*A: I was incarnated in a dog body and therefore have dog consciousness. Everything I do is a reflection of that basic fact.*
**Q: Some serious method acting!**
*A: You could call it that. I am fully immersed in the role.*
**Q: A lot of humans speak about past lives, can even recall them under hypnosis. Do you think you will be ever reincarnated as a dog, stuck in an infinite dog-loop, so to speak, or will you one day jump into a human body?**
*A: I don’t know. I focus on the present.*
**Q: Oscar, it’s been such a pleasure to talk with you. I really appreciate your making the time.**
*(buzzer sounds)*
*A: WHO THE FUCK IS AT THE DOOR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2025-02-07 08:17:18
When I used to work in fantasy sports, people would ask me questions about their teams, e.g., which players to start, who to drop. What they didn’t realize is I had seven of my own teams to worry about, was already living and dying with my own myriad choices, good and bad, I made every week. The last thing I needed was to make a decision for them, see it go bad and suffer more on their account.
I’d tell them, “You decide, I’ve got my own problems.”
. . .
I don’t know what I’m doing. Ideas which feel like insights come to me, I try to articulate them to my satisfaction and post them (with some editing help from Heather.) Often I feel like I should be producing more work — after all, I don’t have a job any more, I have plenty of time. Walking the dog, exercising, managing your finances, picking up the kid, putting food on the table (literally) is well and good, but fulfilling your duties is not enough. You need to stay in the game. What game is up to each person, but it should be a game you enjoy, one that draws on skills honed over decades by the accident of your particular interests.
. . .
Writing and ideas can’t be produced on demand. I mean they can — and I did it for 22 years on a particular topic — but I don’t mean that kind of writing. I don’t want a schedule. I don’t need more rules, more discipline, more “hacks.” Discipline is like the interest on a 30-year mortgage. Initially it’s most of the payment, but over time it cedes weight to understanding which is like the principal. Discipline without understanding is like an interest-only mortgage. You pay it every month and get nowhere.
Even when insights arrive they can’t always be articulated sufficiently and coherently. Many insights are of the one sentence variety — fine for a social media post, but you can’t send out an email newsletter 10 times per day with one sentence insights. It doesn’t work over that medium.
That’s a dilemma because posting on social media doesn’t feel like proper work. Yes, you’re reaching people, affecting the zeitgeist in whatever small way — but there’s something addictive and unsatisfying about it, like eating candy instead of food. Don’t get me wrong, I stand by my posts (consider them organic, artisanal candy) but shitposting and the immediate feedback received therefrom keeps you only on the periphery. I need to connect with something deeper.
. . .
I’ve spent a lot of time dissecting the various pathologies of the laptop class, of which I’m obviously a part as I literally type this in a coffee shop on my laptop! The need to believe they are empathic and good overwhelming any rational sense-making and basic morals. Men dominating women’s sports, child sex changes, forced injections, criminals running rampant, cities in decay, calls for censorship and funding for foreign wars. The authorities patted them on the back, their peers accepted them and their overlords promoted them so long as they hewed to the narrative.
The freakout we’re presently witnessing is not about the billions in taxpayer money no longer being sent for DEI training in some foreign country, i.e., money-laundering to favored interests and cronies. They’re not really upset FBI agents are being fired, secrets are being revealed, that we are finally making an effort to prevent fentanyl from flowing across the border and killing our fellow citizens. These are good things, and even if you don’t agree, none of it is grounds for the meltdowns I see every day on social media.
What’s really happening is people who were assured they were the “good”, the empathic, the compassionate ones, those who towed the line during covid, got their boosters, wore their masks, “social distanced,” put pronouns in their bios, are being confronted with a terrifying realization: the behaviors and beliefs, to which they so dutifully attached themselves, for which they publicly and stridently advocated, whether online or at Thanksgiving dinner, are no longer being rewarded. In fact, they are being openly ridiculed. Instead of the pat on the back, increasingly Team Good is facing mockery and outright scorn.
There will be no legal consequences. No one will be arrested or put in a camp, delusions of persecution notwithstanding. If you produce real value for a real employer, you are not at risk of being fired. If you insist on perpetuating your derangement on social media you will not be deplatformed or canceled (that only happens to people speaking the truths inconvenient to the powerful.)
No, the reality is in some ways far worse: your entire worldview, on which you staked your self-image, is being dismantled in real time. You are no longer “good,” it’s becoming obvious to most the policies for which you advocated were catastrophic, the politicians for whom you voted deeply cynical and corrupt. The gaping abyss within your being to which you attached this superstructure of self-affirmation is dissolving into thin air. You are not “superior” like you thought, you are just another person suffering and existing like everyone else. And your only choices are to face that daunting reality or cling to a dying and useless paradigm, the end game for which is only madness.
We all want to feel good about ourselves, and like an obese person drugging themselves with high-fructose corn syrup for years, you have gorged on the distorted approbation of a sick society that, unpleasantly for you, is starting to heal. Your first laps around the track, so to speak, are going to hurt a lot.
. . .
I probably went on too long about the laptop class freakout. I have a lot of resentment toward the way they behaved the last five years. But I started this essay with the idea that I have my own problems, and in the end, I am not much different from them.
I want to produce more work, and of higher quality, but to what end? To feel good about my contributions, to have a sense that I am “good.” Maybe it’s not “good” in the lame “I complied with authority, and everyone likes me” kind of way, but it arises from the same source. That source is the emptiness within, wherein we require accolades, dopamine, positive feedback as a kind of justification for our existence. “No, I am not squandering my time on earth, living a comfortable life, I am asking hard questions, connecting with people, sharing hard-won insights. I am useful! I am good! I got my sixth dopamine booster from writing yet another essay!”
. . .
There is an irony in writing this piece. I feel as I type the cathartic nature of expressing these feelings. I am doing something worthwhile, everything is flowing out of me, the minutes are sailing by. I am identifying and solving this thorny problem simultaneously, engaging with the emptiness and dissatisfaction. The solution isn’t in the output, whatever one might think of it, it’s in giving attention to the feelings I’ve squandered too much time avoiding. I feel unworthy not because I do not produce enough work, it turns out, but because I am unwilling to connect with my deepest nature.
. . .
No matter how uneasy you feel, no matter how much fundamental doubt you have about your value as a human being, you can always start where you are. The feeling of unworthiness, the need for an escape, the craving for some kind of reward from your peers or the authorities or whatever easily-consumed carbohydrates you have in the kitchen is simply the present state in which you find yourself. It is not wrong or bad, it just is. And what is can always be examined, observed, given attention. Attending to that discomfort is always within reach.
. . .
The last thing I want to do is write an essay, face a purgatory of sitting down and consciously putting my feelings into words. It’s so much easier to distract oneself with all the news about the world, check 100 times a day the price of bitcoin and my other investments. But purgatory is the only way out of hell. The hell of wanting to succeed, of wanting to become “good.”
For some, that astroturfed worldview they so painstaking affixed to their empty souls is dissolving toward a revelation of the emptiness beneath. And unsurprisingly they are freaking out. But I’ve wasted too much time arguing with them, pointing out the ways in which they’re misinformed, driven by fear and derelict in their basic epistemic responsibilities. If you want to hold onto the lies you were told, knock yourself out. I’ve got my own problems.
-
@ ec42c765:328c0600
2025-02-05 23:38:12
# カスタム絵文字とは
任意のオリジナル画像を絵文字のように文中に挿入できる機能です。
また、リアクション（Twitterの いいね のような機能）にもカスタム絵文字を使えます。
# カスタム絵文字の対応状況（2025/02/06）
カスタム絵文字を使うためにはカスタム絵文字に対応した[クライアント](https://welcome.nostr-jp.org/tutorial/explore-client.html)を使う必要があります。
※表は一例です。クライアントは他にもたくさんあります。
使っているクライアントが対応していない場合は、クライアントを変更する、対応するまで待つ、開発者に要望を送る（または自分で実装する）などしましょう。
#### 対応クライアント
- [Amethyst](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vitorpamplona.amethyst)
- [FreeFrom](https://freefrom.space/)
- [nostter](https://nostter.app/)
- [Rabbit](https://rabbit.syusui.net/)
- [Lumilumi](https://lumilumi.app/)
- [Nos Haiku](https://nos-haiku.vercel.app/)
- [Snort](https://snort.social/)
- [noStrudel](https://nostrudel.ninja/)
ここではnostterを使って説明していきます。
# 準備
カスタム絵文字を使うための準備です。
- Nostrエクステンション（NIP-07）を導入する
- 使いたいカスタム絵文字をリストに登録する
## Nostrエクステンション（NIP-07）を導入する
Nostrエクステンションは使いたいカスタム絵文字を登録する時に必要になります。
また、環境（パソコン、iPhone、androidなど）によって導入方法が違います。
Nostrエクステンションを導入する端末は、実際にNostrを閲覧する端末と違っても構いません（リスト登録はPC、Nostr閲覧はiPhoneなど）。
Nostrエクステンション（NIP-07）の導入方法は以下のページを参照してください。
[ログイン拡張機能 (NIP-07)を使ってみよう | Welcome to Nostr! ～ Nostrをはじめよう！ ～ ](https://welcome.nostr-jp.org/tutorial/nip-07.html)
少し面倒ですが、これを導入しておくとNostr上の様々な場面で役立つのでより快適になります。
## 使いたいカスタム絵文字をリストに登録する
以下のサイトで行います。
[emojito](https://emojito.meme/)
右上の**Get started**からNostrエクステンションでログインしてください。
例として以下のカスタム絵文字を導入してみます。
実際より絵文字が少なく表示されることがありますが、古い状態のデータを取得してしまっているためです。その場合はブラウザの更新ボタンを押してください。
[generalJP | カスタム絵文字](https://emojito.meme/a/naddr1qqykwetwv4exzmz22qqsuamnwvaz7tmev9382tndv5hsyg8vgtrk2svt8kuusk4l7w5g7j3mhet4xhhthhz52gsyr7jn9rqxqqpsgqqqw48qud6u3s)
- 右側の**Options**から**Bookmark**を選択
これでカスタム絵文字を使用するためのリストに登録できます。
# カスタム絵文字を使用する
例としてブラウザから使えるクライアント nostter から使用してみます。
[nostter](https://nostter.app/)
nostterにNostrエクステンションでログイン、もしくは秘密鍵を入れてログインしてください。
## 文章中に使用
1. **投稿**ボタンを押して投稿ウィンドウを表示
2. **顔😀**のボタンを押し、絵文字ウィンドウを表示
3. **＊タブ**を押し、カスタム絵文字一覧を表示
4. カスタム絵文字を選択
5. : 記号に挟まれたアルファベットのショートコードとして挿入される
この状態で投稿するとカスタム絵文字として表示されます。
カスタム絵文字対応クライアントを使っている他ユーザーにもカスタム絵文字として表示されます。
対応していないクライアントの場合、ショートコードのまま表示されます。
ショートコードを直接入力することでカスタム絵文字の候補が表示されるのでそこから選択することもできます。
## リアクションに使用
1. 任意の投稿の**顔😀**のボタンを押し、絵文字ウィンドウを表示
2. **＊タブ**を押し、カスタム絵文字一覧を表示
3. カスタム絵文字を選択
カスタム絵文字リアクションを送ることができます。
# カスタム絵文字を探す
先述した[emojito](https://emojito.meme/)からカスタム絵文字を探せます。
例えば任意のユーザーのページ [emojito ロクヨウ](https://emojito.meme/p/npub1a3pvwe2p3v7mnjz6hle63r628wl9w567aw7u23fzqs062v5vqcqqu3sgh3) から探したり、 [emojito Browse all](https://emojito.meme/browse) からnostr全体で最近作成、更新された絵文字を見たりできます。
また、以下のリンクは日本語圏ユーザーが作ったカスタム絵文字を集めたリストです（2025/02/06）
※漏れがあるかもしれません
[日本ユーザー作 カスタム絵文字](https://nostviewstr.vercel.app/npub17hczqvxtfv3w69wr6lxrttnpdekwdwel55mld60fr24zwjuu6utqtj8mjx/10030)
各絵文字セットにある**Open in emojito**のリンクからemojitoに飛び、使用リストに追加できます。
-----------
以上です。
次：Nostrのカスタム絵文字の**作り方**
Yakihonneリンク [Nostrのカスタム絵文字の作り方](https://yakihonne.com/article/_@lokuyow.github.io/1707912490439)
Nostrリンク nostr:naddr1qqxnzdesxuunzv358ycrgveeqgswcsk8v4qck0deepdtluag3a9rh0jh2d0wh0w9g53qg8a9x2xqvqqrqsqqqa28r5psx3
-----------
# 仕様
[NIP-30 Custom Emoji](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/30.md)
[NIP-30 カスタム絵文字（和訳）](https://github.com/nostr-jp/nips-ja/blob/main/30.md)
-
@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c
2025-02-04 17:24:50
### Definição de ULID:
Timestamp 48 bits, Aleatoriedade 80 bits
Sendo Timestamp 48 bits inteiro, tempo UNIX em milissegundos, Não ficará sem espaço até o ano 10889 d.C.
e Aleatoriedade 80 bits, Fonte criptograficamente segura de aleatoriedade, se possível.
#### Gerar ULID
```sql
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
CREATE FUNCTION generate_ulid()
RETURNS TEXT
AS $$
DECLARE
-- Crockford's Base32
encoding BYTEA = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ';
timestamp BYTEA = E'\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000';
output TEXT = '';
unix_time BIGINT;
ulid BYTEA;
BEGIN
-- 6 timestamp bytes
unix_time = (EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM CLOCK_TIMESTAMP()) * 1000)::BIGINT;
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 0, (unix_time >> 40)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 1, (unix_time >> 32)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 2, (unix_time >> 24)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 3, (unix_time >> 16)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 4, (unix_time >> 8)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 5, unix_time::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
-- 10 entropy bytes
ulid = timestamp || gen_random_bytes(10);
-- Encode the timestamp
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 224) >> 5));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 31)));
-- Encode the entropy
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 31)));
RETURN output;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
VOLATILE;
```
#### ULID TO UUID
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION parse_ulid(ulid text) RETURNS bytea AS $$
DECLARE
-- 16byte
bytes bytea = E'\\x00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000';
v char[];
-- Allow for O(1) lookup of index values
dec integer[] = ARRAY[
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21, 0, 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21,
0, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31
];
BEGIN
IF NOT ulid ~* '^[0-7][0-9ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ]{25}$' THEN
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid ULID: %', ulid;
END IF;
v = regexp_split_to_array(ulid, '');
-- 6 bytes timestamp (48 bits)
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 0, (dec[ASCII(v[1])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[2])]);
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 1, (dec[ASCII(v[3])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[4])] >> 2));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 2, (dec[ASCII(v[4])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[5])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[6])] >> 4));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 3, (dec[ASCII(v[6])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[7])] >> 1));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 4, (dec[ASCII(v[7])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[8])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[9])] >> 3));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 5, (dec[ASCII(v[9])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[10])]);
-- 10 bytes of entropy (80 bits);
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 6, (dec[ASCII(v[11])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[12])] >> 2));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 7, (dec[ASCII(v[12])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[13])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[14])] >> 4));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 8, (dec[ASCII(v[14])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[15])] >> 1));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 9, (dec[ASCII(v[15])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[16])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[17])] >> 3));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 10, (dec[ASCII(v[17])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[18])]);
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 11, (dec[ASCII(v[19])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[20])] >> 2));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 12, (dec[ASCII(v[20])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[21])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[22])] >> 4));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 13, (dec[ASCII(v[22])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[23])] >> 1));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 14, (dec[ASCII(v[23])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[24])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[25])] >> 3));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 15, (dec[ASCII(v[25])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[26])]);
RETURN bytes;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ulid_to_uuid(ulid text) RETURNS uuid AS $$
BEGIN
RETURN encode(parse_ulid(ulid), 'hex')::uuid;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;
```
#### UUID to ULID
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION uuid_to_ulid(id uuid) RETURNS text AS $$
DECLARE
encoding bytea = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ';
output text = '';
uuid_bytes bytea = uuid_send(id);
BEGIN
-- Encode the timestamp
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 224) >> 5));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 31)));
-- Encode the entropy
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 31)));
RETURN output;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;
```
#### Gera 11 Digitos aleatórios: YBKXG0CKTH4
```sql
-- Cria a extensão pgcrypto para gerar uuid
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
-- Cria a função para gerar ULID
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION gen_lrandom()
RETURNS TEXT AS $$
DECLARE
ts_millis BIGINT;
ts_chars TEXT;
random_bytes BYTEA;
random_chars TEXT;
base32_chars TEXT := '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ';
i INT;
BEGIN
-- Pega o timestamp em milissegundos
ts_millis := FLOOR(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM clock_timestamp()) * 1000)::BIGINT;
-- Converte o timestamp para base32
ts_chars := '';
FOR i IN REVERSE 0..11 LOOP
ts_chars := ts_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((ts_millis >> (5 * i)) & 31) + 1, 1);
END LOOP;
-- Gera 10 bytes aleatórios e converte para base32
random_bytes := gen_random_bytes(10);
random_chars := '';
FOR i IN 0..9 LOOP
random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) >> 3) & 31) + 1, 1);
IF i < 9 THEN
random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, (((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) | (get_byte(random_bytes, i + 1) >> 6)) & 31 + 1, 1);
ELSE
random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) + 1, 1);
END IF;
END LOOP;
-- Concatena o timestamp e os caracteres aleatórios
RETURN ts_chars || random_chars;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
```
#### Exemplo de USO
```sql
-- Criação da extensão caso não exista
CREATE EXTENSION
IF
NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
-- Criação da tabela pessoas
CREATE TABLE pessoas ( ID UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid ( ) PRIMARY KEY, nome TEXT NOT NULL );
-- Busca Pessoa na tabela
SELECT
*
FROM
"pessoas"
WHERE
uuid_to_ulid ( ID ) = '252FAC9F3V8EF80SSDK8PXW02F';
```
### Fontes
- https://github.com/scoville/pgsql-ulid
- https://github.com/geckoboard/pgulid
-
@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c
2025-02-04 17:15:57
### Definição de ULID:
Timestamp 48 bits, Aleatoriedade 80 bits
Sendo Timestamp 48 bits inteiro, tempo UNIX em milissegundos, Não ficará sem espaço até o ano 10889 d.C.
e Aleatoriedade 80 bits, Fonte criptograficamente segura de aleatoriedade, se possível.
#### Gerar ULID
```sql
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
CREATE FUNCTION generate_ulid()
RETURNS TEXT
AS $$
DECLARE
-- Crockford's Base32
encoding BYTEA = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ';
timestamp BYTEA = E'\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000';
output TEXT = '';
unix_time BIGINT;
ulid BYTEA;
BEGIN
-- 6 timestamp bytes
unix_time = (EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM CLOCK_TIMESTAMP()) * 1000)::BIGINT;
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 0, (unix_time >> 40)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 1, (unix_time >> 32)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 2, (unix_time >> 24)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 3, (unix_time >> 16)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 4, (unix_time >> 8)::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 5, unix_time::BIT(8)::INTEGER);
-- 10 entropy bytes
ulid = timestamp || gen_random_bytes(10);
-- Encode the timestamp
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 224) >> 5));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 31)));
-- Encode the entropy
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 31)));
RETURN output;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
VOLATILE;
```
#### ULID TO UUID
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION parse_ulid(ulid text) RETURNS bytea AS $$
DECLARE
-- 16byte
bytes bytea = E'\\x00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000';
v char[];
-- Allow for O(1) lookup of index values
dec integer[] = ARRAY[
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 255, 255, 255,
255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21, 0, 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21,
0, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31
];
BEGIN
IF NOT ulid ~* '^[0-7][0-9ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ]{25}$' THEN
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid ULID: %', ulid;
END IF;
v = regexp_split_to_array(ulid, '');
-- 6 bytes timestamp (48 bits)
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 0, (dec[ASCII(v[1])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[2])]);
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 1, (dec[ASCII(v[3])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[4])] >> 2));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 2, (dec[ASCII(v[4])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[5])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[6])] >> 4));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 3, (dec[ASCII(v[6])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[7])] >> 1));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 4, (dec[ASCII(v[7])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[8])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[9])] >> 3));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 5, (dec[ASCII(v[9])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[10])]);
-- 10 bytes of entropy (80 bits);
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 6, (dec[ASCII(v[11])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[12])] >> 2));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 7, (dec[ASCII(v[12])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[13])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[14])] >> 4));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 8, (dec[ASCII(v[14])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[15])] >> 1));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 9, (dec[ASCII(v[15])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[16])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[17])] >> 3));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 10, (dec[ASCII(v[17])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[18])]);
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 11, (dec[ASCII(v[19])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[20])] >> 2));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 12, (dec[ASCII(v[20])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[21])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[22])] >> 4));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 13, (dec[ASCII(v[22])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[23])] >> 1));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 14, (dec[ASCII(v[23])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[24])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[25])] >> 3));
bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 15, (dec[ASCII(v[25])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[26])]);
RETURN bytes;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ulid_to_uuid(ulid text) RETURNS uuid AS $$
BEGIN
RETURN encode(parse_ulid(ulid), 'hex')::uuid;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;
```
#### UUID to ULID
```sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION uuid_to_ulid(id uuid) RETURNS text AS $$
DECLARE
encoding bytea = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ';
output text = '';
uuid_bytes bytea = uuid_send(id);
BEGIN
-- Encode the timestamp
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 224) >> 5));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 31)));
-- Encode the entropy
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 31)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 248) >> 3));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 192) >> 6)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 62) >> 1));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 240) >> 4)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 128) >> 7)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 124) >> 2));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 224) >> 5)));
output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 31)));
RETURN output;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;
```
#### Gera 11 Digitos aleatórios: YBKXG0CKTH4
```sql
-- Cria a extensão pgcrypto para gerar uuid
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
-- Cria a função para gerar ULID
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION gen_lrandom()
RETURNS TEXT AS $$
DECLARE
ts_millis BIGINT;
ts_chars TEXT;
random_bytes BYTEA;
random_chars TEXT;
base32_chars TEXT := '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ';
i INT;
BEGIN
-- Pega o timestamp em milissegundos
ts_millis := FLOOR(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM clock_timestamp()) * 1000)::BIGINT;
-- Converte o timestamp para base32
ts_chars := '';
FOR i IN REVERSE 0..11 LOOP
ts_chars := ts_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((ts_millis >> (5 * i)) & 31) + 1, 1);
END LOOP;
-- Gera 10 bytes aleatórios e converte para base32
random_bytes := gen_random_bytes(10);
random_chars := '';
FOR i IN 0..9 LOOP
random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) >> 3) & 31) + 1, 1);
IF i < 9 THEN
random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, (((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) | (get_byte(random_bytes, i + 1) >> 6)) & 31 + 1, 1);
ELSE
random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) + 1, 1);
END IF;
END LOOP;
-- Concatena o timestamp e os caracteres aleatórios
RETURN ts_chars || random_chars;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
```
#### Exemplo de USO
```sql
-- Criação da extensão caso não exista
CREATE EXTENSION
IF
NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
-- Criação da tabela pessoas
CREATE TABLE pessoas ( ID UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid ( ) PRIMARY KEY, nome TEXT NOT NULL );
-- Busca Pessoa na tabela
SELECT
*
FROM
"pessoas"
WHERE
uuid_to_ulid ( ID ) = '252FAC9F3V8EF80SSDK8PXW02F';
```
### Fontes
- https://github.com/scoville/pgsql-ulid
- https://github.com/geckoboard/pgulid
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-02-01 18:41:27
#### **Next new resources about the MiniBolt guide have been released**:
---
* 🆕 **Roadmap**: [LINK](https://github.com/orgs/minibolt-guide/projects/1)
* 🆕 **Dynamic Network map**: [LINK](https://app.diagrams.net/?tags={}&lightbox=1&target=blank&highlight=0000ff&edit=_blank&layers=1&nav=1&title=networkmap.drawio.png#Uhttps://raw.githubusercontent.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/main/resources/networkmap.drawio.png)
* 🆕 **Nostr community**: [LINK](https://habla.news/c/[n]addr1qqyy66twd9px7mr5qyf8wumn8ghj7mmxve3ksctfdch8qatzqgstzl7vmurm5gu87qutx3pxwgxddrg39huj809zhmv03scfkus3z4grqsqqpphk2j0aff) < ~ REMOVE the "[]" symbols from the URL (naddr...) to access
* 🆕 **Linktr FOSS** (UC) by [Gzuuus](nostr:npub1gzuushllat7pet0ccv9yuhygvc8ldeyhrgxuwg744dn5khnpk3gs3ea5ds): [LINK](https://linktr.minibolt.info)
* 🆕 **Donate webpage**: 🚾 [Clearnet LINK](https://donate.minibolt.info) || 🧅 [Onion LINK](http://3iqm7nidexns5p6wmgc23ibgiscm6rge7hwyeziviwgav4fl7xui4mqd.onion/apps/Li3AtEGDsqNmNddv6rX69taidm3/pos)
* 🆕 **Contact email**: [hello@minibolt.info](mailto:hello@minibolt.info)
---
Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-02-01 11:16:04
Federal employees must remove pronouns from email signatures by the end of the day. This directive comes from internal memos tied to two executive orders signed by Donald Trump. The orders target diversity and equity programs within the government.
CDC, Department of Transportation, and Department of Energy employees were affected. Staff were instructed to make changes in line with revised policy prohibiting certain language.
One CDC employee shared frustration, stating, “In my decade-plus years at CDC, I've never been told what I can and can't put in my email signature.” The directive is part of a broader effort to eliminate DEI initiatives from federal discourse.
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-30 12:23:04
Tech stocks have taken a hit globally after China's DeepSeek launched a competitive AI chatbot at a much lower cost than US counterparts. This has stirred market fears of a $1.2 trillion loss across tech companies when trading opens in New York.
DeepSeek’s chatbot quickly topped download charts and surprised experts with its capabilities, developed for only $5.6 million.
The Nasdaq dropped over 3% in premarket trading, with major firms like Nvidia falling more than 10%. SoftBank also saw losses shortly after investing in a significant US AI venture.
Venture capitalist Marc Andreessen called it “AI’s Sputnik moment,” highlighting its potential impact on the industry.
![] (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/content/dam/business/2025/01/27/TELEMMGLPICT000409807198_17379939060750_trans_NvBQzQNjv4BqgsaO8O78rhmZrDxTlQBjdGLvJF5WfpqnBZShRL_tOZw.jpeg)
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-30 12:13:39
Salwan Momika, a Christian Iraqi known for burning the Koran in Sweden, was shot dead during a TikTok livestream in an apartment in Sodertalje. The 38-year-old sparked outrage in the Muslim community for his demonstrations, leading to global condemnation. After being rushed to the hospital, he was pronounced dead.
Authorities arrested five individuals in connection with the incident. Momika's death comes days before a court ruling on his possible incitement of ethnic hatred. The incident highlights the tensions surrounding free speech and religious sentiments, intensifying after his controversial protests in 2023.
[Sauce](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14341423/Christian-Iraqi-burnt-Koran-Sweden-shot-dead.html)
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-26 15:26:44
Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued new guidance halting spending on most foreign aid grants for 90 days, including military assistance to Ukraine. This immediate order shocked State Department officials and mandates “stop-work orders” on nearly all existing foreign assistance awards.
While it allows exceptions for military financing to Egypt and Israel, as well as emergency food assistance, it restricts aid to key allies like Ukraine, Jordan, and Taiwan. The guidance raises potential liability risks for the government due to unfulfilled contracts.
A report will be prepared within 85 days to recommend which programs to continue or discontinue.
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-26 01:31:47
## Chef's notes
# arbitray
- test
- of
- chefs notes
## hedding 2
## Details
- ⏲️ Prep time: 20
- 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour
- 🍽️ Servings: 5
## Ingredients
- Test ingredient
- 2nd test ingredient
## Directions
1. Bake
2. Cool
-
@ d3052ca3:d84a170e
2025-01-25 23:17:10
It seems to me that the primary opposition to ecash from bitcoiners comes from the belief that lightning will enable self-custodial micropayments for the masses. Many lightning enthusiasts see ecash as competition that will eliminate this technological outcome (whether they admit it or not).
I understand the motivation for this line of reasoning but I don't see things this way at all. Ecash is a superset of lightning. Cashu literally doesn't have a spec for on-chain transactions (yet!). Everything cashu accomplishes is built on the back of lightning. Standing on the shoulders of giants.
I don't believe that ecash will take away market share from self-custodial lightning because lightning is not a good technology for self-custody. The high overhead costs of running your own node create a natural incentive for a semi-centralized hub and spoke network graph. It just makes economic sense for many users to share a lightning node. It doesn't make economic sense for individuals to bear this cost alone.
This stacker news post is the best writeup on this topic: https://stacker.news/items/379225
It comes from a builder who struggled with these issues for years and learned the shortcomings of the tech first hand. Notice they experimented with ecash as a solution to these problems before they burned out and pivoted to save the company.
Ecash is a superset of lightning. It extends the capability and reach of the lightning network. Without ecash, I don't believe we can achieve bitcoin mass adoption. You can't jam a square peg into a round hole.
We still have a need for self-custody of "small" amounts of bitcoin. I put small in quotes because the block size limit and the fee market it creates impose a fundamental constraint on the minimum practical size of a UTXO. This limit is pegged to the unit of bitcoin. As bitcoin increases in value the minimum size for an on-chain transaction will grow in value as well. You can send $10 worth of bitcoin on-chain today but will this be true in 10 years when the price is much higher? 100 years?
If the current exponential trends hold, we will soon price out the majority of humanity from owning a UTXO. This is bad. Like really bad. "Bitcoin is a failure" bad. This is the motivation for my posts about scaling on-chain usage to 10 billion people. I believe we will need to radically rearchitect bitcoin to achieve this goal.
Lightning is not up to the task. We should leverage lightning for what it's good at: gluing together different self-custodial bitcoin service providers. We should leverage ecash for what it's good at: peer-to-peer electronic cash micropayments. IN ADDITION we also need to start seriously looking at new ideas for scaling self custody to "small" amounts of bitcoin. I am very optimistic that we can solve this problem. There are a number of promising avenues to pursue but I think first we need to move the Overton window ~~beyond the idea of mass adoption of self-custodial lightning~~ regarding on-chain scaling.
Edit: I think the original Overton window statement was incorrect. If on-chain fees stay low then self-custodial lightning or something similar is a much better prospect.
Just my 2 sats...let me know what you think. Keep it civil or be muted.
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-25 22:16:54
President Trump plans to withdraw 20,000 U.S. troops from Europe and expects European allies to contribute financially to the remaining military presence. Reported by ANSA, Trump aims to deliver this message to European leaders since taking office. A European diplomat noted, “the costs cannot be borne solely by American taxpayers.”
The Pentagon hasn't commented yet. Trump has previously sought lower troop levels in Europe and had ordered cuts during his first term. The U.S. currently maintains around 65,000 troops in Europe, with total forces reaching 100,000 since the Ukraine invasion. Trump's new approach may shift military focus to the Pacific amid growing concerns about China.
[Sauce](https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2025-01-24/trump-europe-troop-cuts-16590074.html)
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-25 14:32:21
| Parameters | Dry Mead | Medium Mead | Sweet Mead |
|------------|-----------|-------------|------------|
| Honey | 2 lbs (900 grams) | 3 lbs (1.36 kg) | 4 lbs (1.81 kg) |
| Yeast | ~0.07 oz (2 grams) | ~0.08 oz (2.5 grams) | ~0.10 oz (3 grams) |
| Fermentation | ~4 weeks | 4 to 6 weeks | 6 to 8 weeks |
| Racking | Fortnight or later | 1 month or after | ~2 months and after |
| Specific Gravity | <1.010 | ~1.01 to ~1.025 | >1.025 |
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-23 15:09:56
President Trump has ordered thousands of additional troops to the U.S.-Mexico border as part of an effort to address immigration and security issues. This directive builds on his initial commitment to increase military presence along the border.
Currently, around 2,200 active-duty personnel and approximately 4,500 National Guardsmen are stationed there. The new deployment aims to enhance the capabilities of Joint Task Force-North, allowing troops to assist in operations and provide intelligence support.
Details on specific units remain unclear. The situation is still developing, with updates expected.
[Sauce](https://thepostmillennial.com/breaking-president-trump-orders-thousands-of-troops-to-the-us-border-with-mexico)
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-21 19:31:48
Oregano oil is a potent natural compound that offers numerous scientifically-supported health benefits.
## Active Compounds
The oil's therapeutic properties stem from its key bioactive components:
- Carvacrol and thymol (primary active compounds)
- Polyphenols and other antioxidant
## Antimicrobial Properties
**Bacterial Protection**
The oil demonstrates powerful antibacterial effects, even against antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA and other harmful bacteria. Studies show it effectively inactivates various pathogenic bacteria without developing resistance.
**Antifungal Effects**
It effectively combats fungal infections, particularly Candida-related conditions like oral thrush, athlete's foot, and nail infections.
## Digestive Health Benefits
Oregano oil supports digestive wellness by:
- Promoting gastric juice secretion and enzyme production
- Helping treat Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
- Managing digestive discomfort, bloating, and IBS symptoms
## Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects
The oil provides significant protective benefits through:
- Powerful antioxidant activity that fights free radicals
- Reduction of inflammatory markers in the body
- Protection against oxidative stress-related conditions
## Respiratory Support
It aids respiratory health by:
- Loosening mucus and phlegm
- Suppressing coughs and throat irritation
- Supporting overall respiratory tract function
## Additional Benefits
**Skin Health**
- Improves conditions like psoriasis, acne, and eczema
- Supports wound healing through antibacterial action
- Provides anti-aging benefits through antioxidant properties
**Cardiovascular Health**
Studies show oregano oil may help:
- Reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol levels
- Support overall heart health
**Pain Management**
The oil demonstrates effectiveness in:
- Reducing inflammation-related pain
- Managing muscle discomfort
- Providing topical pain relief
## Safety Note
While oregano oil is generally safe, it's highly concentrated and should be properly diluted before use Consult a healthcare provider before starting supplementation, especially if taking other medications.
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 18:30:13
~ > Available at: [https://minibolt.info](https://minibolt.info)
---
~> It builds on a personal computer with **x86/amd64** architecture processors.
~> It is based on the popular [RaspiBolt v3](https://raspibolt.org) guide.
---
**Those are some of the most relevant changes:**
* Changed OS from Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bits) to ***Ubuntu Server LTS*** (Long term support) 64-bit PC (AMD64).
* Changed binaries and signatures of the programs to adapt them to ***x86/amd64 architecture***.
* Deleted unnecessary tools and steps, and added others according to this case of use.
* Some useful authentication logs and monitoring commands were added in the security section.
* Added some interesting parameters in the settings of some services to activate and take advantage of new features.
* Changed I2P, Fulcrum, and ThunderHub guides, to be part of the core guide.
* Added exclusive optimization section of services for slow devices.
---
~ > Complete release notes of the MiniBolt v1: [https://github.com/twofaktor/minibolt/releases/tag/1.0](https://github.com/twofaktor/minibolt/releases/tag/1.0).
~ > Feel free to contribute to the [source code on GitHub](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt) by opening [issues](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/issues), [pull requests](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/pulls) or [discussions](https://github.com/orgs/minibolt-guide/discussions).
---
Created by [⚡2 FakTor⚡](nostr:npub1k9luehc8hg3c0upckdzzvusv66x3zt0eyw7290kclrpsndepz92sfcpp63)
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 18:22:51
😱 Did you recently find this signature verification error when you tried to update your MiniBolt repositories with -> `sudo apt update`? 💥🚨👇
🔧 Don't worry, that's because Tor renewed its signing key since it expired last 07/15, just renew your keyring by following the next steps to solve this problem:
~ > [CLICK HERE](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/system/system/privacy#tor-signature-verification-error) < ~
---
Enjoy it MiniBolter!💙
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 17:39:34
**Link to the bonus guide** ~ > [HERE](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/ordisrespector) < ~
---
⏰ Recently added an update that includes a new section **[How to detect Ordinals transactions](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/ordisrespector#how-to-detect-ordinals-transactions) and [verify Ordisrespector filter works](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/ordisrespector#check-the-ordisrespector-filter-working-on-your-mempool)** to verify that Ordispector is **filtering and burning Ordinals** correctly 🔥
---
Fuck Ordinals🤡🔫 and enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 17:29:54
Some sections inside of the guide:
* Set up Dynamic DNS
* Wireguard VPN server & client side configurations
* Install & configure the WireGuard VPN Client on a mobile phone
* Configure additional servers & clients
* Use your router’s DDNS preconfigured provider
* Port forwarding on NAT/PAT router
---
Link to the bonus guide [HERE](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/wireguard-vpn)
---
Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 17:19:12
Do you want to use a different disk to store data (blockchain and other databases) independently of the disk of the system?
A step-by-step guide using a secondary disk to store the data (blockchain and other databases) independently of the disk of the system and using the Ubuntu Server guided installation.
---
### **What's changed**
* Rebuilt the [Ubuntu Server installation guide](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/system/system/operating-system#ubuntu-server-installation) based on this bonus guide added.
* Added GIFs to improve the illustration of the steps to follow.
* [Case 1](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/static-ip-and-custom-dns-servers#option-1-at-the-beginning-during-the-ubuntu-server-installation-gui): during the Ubuntu server guided installation.
* [Case 2](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/static-ip-and-custom-dns-servers#option-2-after-ubuntu-server-installation-by-command-line): build it after system installation (by command line).
---
~ > Link to the bonus guide [HERE](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/store-data-secondary-disk)
---
Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 17:02:21
The past 26 August, Tor [introduced officially](https://blog.torproject.org/introducing-proof-of-work-defense-for-onion-services/) a proof-of-work (PoW) defense for onion services designed to prioritize verified network traffic as a deterrent against denial of service (DoS) attacks.
~ > This feature at the moment, is [deactivate by default](https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/core/tor/-/blob/main/doc/man/tor.1.txt#L3117), so you need to follow these steps to activate this on a MiniBolt node:
* Make sure you have the latest version of Tor installed, at the time of writing this post, which is v0.4.8.6. Check your current version by typing
```
tor --version
```
**Example** of expected output:
```
Tor version 0.4.8.6.
This build of Tor is covered by the GNU General Public License (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html)
Tor is running on Linux with Libevent 2.1.12-stable, OpenSSL 3.0.9, Zlib 1.2.13, Liblzma 5.4.1, Libzstd N/A and Glibc 2.36 as libc.
Tor compiled with GCC version 12.2.0
```
~ > If you have v0.4.8.X, you are **OK**, if not, type `sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade` and confirm to update.
* Basic PoW support can be checked by running this command:
```
tor --list-modules
```
Expected output:
```
relay: yes
dirauth: yes
dircache: yes
pow: **yes**
```
~ > If you have `pow: yes`, you are **OK**
* Now go to the torrc file of your MiniBolt and add the parameter to enable PoW for each hidden service added
```
sudo nano /etc/tor/torrc
```
Example:
```
# Hidden Service BTC RPC Explorer
HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/hidden_service_btcrpcexplorer/
HiddenServiceVersion 3
HiddenServicePoWDefensesEnabled 1
HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:3002
```
~ > Bitcoin Core and LND use the Tor control port to automatically create the hidden service, requiring no action from the user. We have submitted a feature request in the official GitHub repositories to explore the need for the integration of Tor's PoW defense into the automatic creation process of the hidden service. You can follow them at the following links:
* Bitcoin Core: https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/issues/8002
* LND: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/28499
---
More info:
* https://blog.torproject.org/introducing-proof-of-work-defense-for-onion-services/
* https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/onion-services/onion-support/-/wikis/Documentation/PoW-FAQ
---
Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 16:56:24
It turns out that Ubuntu Linux installations of Ubuntu 23.04, 22.04.3 LTS, and installs done since April 2023 that accepted the Snap version update haven't been following Ubuntu's own recommended security best practices for their security pocket configuration for packages.
A new Subiquity release [was issued](https://github.com/canonical/subiquity/releases/tag/23.09.1) to fix this problem while those on affected Ubuntu systems already installed are recommended to manually edit their `/etc/apt/sources.list` file.
If you didn't install MiniBolt recently, **you are affected by this bug**, and we need to fix that manually if not we want to install all since cero. Anyway, if you installed Minibolt recently, we recommend you review that.
Follow these easy steps to review and fix this:
* Edit the `sources-list` file:
```
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
```
* Search now for every line that includes '-security' (without quotes) (normally at the end of the file) and change the URL to --> http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
~ > For example, from http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu (or the extension corresponding to your country) to --> http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
~> Real case, Spain location, **before fix**:
```
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
```
**After fix:**
```
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
```
**Save and exit**
**Note:** If you have already these lines changed, you are not affected by this bug, and is not necessary to do anything. Simply exit the editor by doing Ctrl-X
* Finally, type the next command to refresh the repository pointers:
```
sudo apt update
```
* And optionally take the opportunity to update the system by doing:
```
sudo apt full-upgrade
```
More context:
* https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/FAQ#What_repositories_and_pockets_should_I_use_to_make_sure_my_systems_are_up_to_date.3F
* https://bugs.launchpad.net/subiquity/+bug/2033977
* https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Security-Pocket-Issue
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 16:40:01
### **Important notice to MiniBolt node runners:**
~ > It turns out that the I2P devs have opened an issue on the Bitcoin Core GitHub repo commenting that because they gave the option to enable the `notransit=true` parameter in the official documentation:
> [...] If you prefer not to relay any public I2P traffic and only allow I2P traffic from programs connecting through the SAM proxy, e.g. Bitcoin Core, you can set the no transit option to true [...] are having a heavy load on the I2P network since last December 19. Also comment that it is advisable to share as much bandwidth and transit tunnels as we can, to increase anonymity with coverage traffic, by contributing more to the I2p network than we consume.
So they ask that we deactivate that option that you use activated. With all this, he already updated the "Privacy" section by removing that setting.
The steps to delete this configuration once we have already configured it, are the following:
* With the "admin" user, stop i2pd:
```
sudo systemctl stop i2pd
```
* Comment line 93 with "#" at the beginning of it (notransit = true), save and exit
```
sudo nano /var/lib/i2pd/i2pd.conf --line numbers
```
* Start i2pd again:
```
sudo systemctl start i2pd
```
* And that's it, you could take a look at Bitcoin Core to see that it has detected i2pd running again after the reboot with:
```
tail --lines 500 -f /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/debug.log
```
~ > If you don't see that I2P is up in Bitcoin Core after the restart, `sudo systemctl restart bitcoind` and look again at the logs of the same.
---
More info in the rollback commit, see ~> [HERE](https://github.com/twofaktor/minibolt/commit/99cae67a5150bb5b7deae3674cc958eb31c74a75) < ~
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 16:30:11
> Your MiniBolt is on a home local network, you want to expose it on the public Internet (clearnet) without exposing your public IP, without Firewall rules, without NAT port forwarding, without risk, easy and cheap?
---
Go to the bonus guide by clicking ~ >[HERE](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/cloudflare-tunnel) <~
---
Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 16:23:44
> Build your nostr relay step by step on your MiniBolt node! (**easily adaptable to other environment**)
No need to trust anyone else! Be sovereign!
~> Go to the bonus guide by clicking ~> [HERE](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/nostr/nostr-relay)< ~
~> This guide includes a complete [extra section](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/nostr/nostr-relay#extras-optional) to cover the different processes for using nostr **as a user and relay operator**.
---
PS: The MiniBolt project has its FREE relay, be free to connect by adding to your favorite client the next address: `wss://relay.minibolt.info`
~> Let a review on [noStrudel](https://nostrudel.ninja/#/r/wss%3A%2F%2Frelay.minibolt.info) or [Coracle](https://coracle.social/relays/relay.minibolt.info) of your experience using it.
---
Remember, Nostr is freedom! Stay resilient! 💜 🛡️💪
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2025-01-21 16:15:51
### What's changed
A bonus guide to get a quick overview of the system status with the most relevant data about the services on the main guide.
-----------
#### ➕Additional extra sections (optional) to:
* [Show on login](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/system-overview#show-on-login-optional)
* [Get the channel.db size of an old LND bbolt database backend](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/system-overview#get-the-channel.db-size-of-an-old-lnd-bbolt-database-backend)
* [Use MobaXterm compatibility version](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/system-overview#use-the-mobaxterm-compatibility-version)
🔧 **GitHub PR related**: https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/pull/97
Σ **Dedicated GitHub repository**: https://github.com/minibolt-guide/system_overview
-----------
#### 🫂Acknowledgments
This is a fork of the [minibolt_info repository](https://github.com/rmnscb/minibolt_info), the main developer of this project is [rmnscb](https://github.com/rmnscb), a member of the MiniBolt community, all the merits go to him. Thank you for your contribution 🧡🫂
-----------
-> [CLICK HERE](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/system-overview) <- to go to the bonus guide
-----------
Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ 3f770d65:7a745b24
2025-01-19 21:48:49
The recent shutdown of TikTok in the United States due to a potential government ban serves as a stark reminder how fragile centralized platforms truly are under the surface. While these platforms offer convenience, a more polished user experience, and connectivity, they are ultimately beholden to governments, corporations, and other authorities. This makes them vulnerable to censorship, regulation, and outright bans. In contrast, Nostr represents a shift in how we approach online communication and content sharing. Built on the principles of decentralization and user choice, Nostr cannot be banned, because it is not a platform—it is a protocol.
**PROTOCOLS, NOT PLATFORMS.**
At the heart of Nostr's philosophy is **user choice**, a feature that fundamentally sets it apart from legacy platforms. In centralized systems, the user experience is dictated by a single person or governing entity. If the platform decides to filter, censor, or ban specific users or content, individuals are left with little action to rectify the situation. They must either accept the changes or abandon the platform entirely, often at the cost of losing their social connections, their data, and their identity.
What's happening with TikTok could never happen on Nostr. With Nostr, the dynamics are completely different. Because it is a protocol, not a platform, no single entity controls the ecosystem. Instead, the protocol enables a network of applications and relays that users can freely choose from. If a particular application or relay implements policies that a user disagrees with, such as censorship, filtering, or even government enforced banning, they are not trapped or abandoned. They have the freedom to move to another application or relay with minimal effort.
**THIS IS POWERFUL.**
Take, for example, the case of a relay that decides to censor specific content. On a legacy platform, this would result in frustration and a loss of access for users. On Nostr, however, users can simply connect to a different relay that does not impose such restrictions. Similarly, if an application introduces features or policies that users dislike, they can migrate to a different application that better suits their preferences, all while retaining their identity and social connections.
The same principles apply to government bans and censorship. A government can ban a specific application or even multiple applications, just as it can block one relay or several relays. China has implemented both tactics, yet Chinese users continue to exist and actively participate on Nostr, demonstrating Nostr's ability to resistant censorship.
How? Simply, it turns into a game of whack-a-mole. When one relay is censored, another quickly takes its place. When one application is banned, another emerges. Users can also bypass these obstacles by running their own relays and applications directly from their homes or personal devices, eliminating reliance on larger entities or organizations and ensuring continuous access.
**AGAIN, THIS IS POWERUFL.**
Nostr's open and decentralized design makes it resistant to the kinds of government intervention that led to TikTok's outages this weekend and potential future ban in the next 90 days. There is no central server to target, no company to regulate, and no single point of failure. (Insert your CEO jokes here). As long as there are individuals running relays and applications, users continue creating notes and sending zaps.
Platforms like TikTok can be silenced with the stroke of a pen, leaving millions of users disconnected and abandoned. Social communication should not be silenced so incredibly easily. No one should have that much power over social interactions.
Will we on-board a massive wave of TikTokers in the coming hours or days? I don't know.
TikTokers may not be ready for Nostr yet, and honestly, Nostr may not be ready for them either. The ecosystem still lacks the completely polished applications, tools, and services they’re accustomed to. This is where we say "we're still early". They may not be early adopters like the current Nostr user base. Until we bridge that gap, they’ll likely move to the next centralized platform, only to face another government ban or round of censorship in the future. But eventually, there will come a tipping point, a moment when they’ve had enough. When that time comes, I hope we’re prepared. If we’re not, we risk missing a tremendous opportunity to onboard people who genuinely need Nostr’s freedom.
Until then, to all of the Nostr developers out there, keep up the great work and keep building. Your hard work and determination is needed.
###
-
@ 9e69e420:d12360c2
2025-01-19 04:48:31
A new report from the National Sports Shooting Foundation (NSSF) shows that civilian firearm possession exceeded 490 million in 2022. The total from 1990 to 2022 is estimated at 491.3 million firearms. In 2022, over ten million firearms were domestically produced, leading to a total of 16,045,911 firearms available in the U.S. market.
Of these, 9,873,136 were handguns, 4,195,192 were rifles, and 1,977,583 were shotguns. Handgun availability aligns with the concealed carry and self-defense market, as all states allow concealed carry, with 29 having constitutional carry laws.
-
@ b8851a06:9b120ba1
2025-01-14 15:28:32
## **It Begins with a Click**
It starts with a click: *“Do you agree to our terms and conditions?”*\
You scroll, you click, you comply. A harmless act, right? But what if every click was a surrender? What if every "yes" was another link in the chain binding you to a life where freedom requires approval?
This is the age of permission. Every aspect of your life is mediated by gatekeepers. Governments demand forms, corporations demand clicks, and algorithms demand obedience. You’re free, of course, as long as you play by the rules. But who writes the rules? Who decides what’s allowed? Who owns your life?
---
## **Welcome to Digital Serfdom**
We once imagined the internet as a digital frontier—a vast, open space where ideas could flow freely and innovation would know no bounds. But instead of creating a decentralized utopia, we built a new feudal system.
- Your data? Owned by the lords of Big Tech.
- Your money? Controlled by banks and bureaucrats who can freeze it on a whim.
- Your thoughts? Filtered by algorithms that reward conformity and punish dissent.
The modern internet is a land of serfs and lords, and guess who’s doing the farming? You. Every time you agree to the terms, accept the permissions, or let an algorithm decide for you, you till the fields of a system designed to control, not liberate.
They don’t call it control, of course. They call it *“protection.”* They say, “We’re keeping you safe,” as they build a cage so big you can’t see the bars.
---
## **Freedom in Chains**
But let’s be honest: we’re not just victims of this system—we’re participants. We’ve traded freedom for convenience, sovereignty for security. It’s easier to click “I Agree” than to read the fine print. It’s easier to let someone else hold your money than to take responsibility for it yourself. It’s easier to live a life of quiet compliance than to risk the chaos of true independence.
We tell ourselves it’s no big deal. What’s one click? What’s one form? But the permissions pile up. The chains grow heavier. And one day, you wake up and realize you’re free to do exactly what the system allows—and nothing more.
---
## **The Great Unpermissioning**
It doesn’t have to be this way. You don’t need their approval. You don’t need their systems. You don’t need their permission.
The Great Unpermissioning is not a movement—it’s a mindset. It’s the refusal to accept a life mediated by gatekeepers. It’s the quiet rebellion of saying, *“No.”* It’s the realization that the freedom you seek won’t be granted—it must be reclaimed.
- **Stop asking.** Permission is their tool. Refusal is your weapon.
- **Start building.** Embrace tools that decentralize power: Bitcoin, encryption, open-source software, decentralized communication. Build systems they can’t control.
- **Stand firm.** They’ll tell you it’s dangerous. They’ll call you a radical. But remember: the most dangerous thing you can do is comply.
The path won’t be easy. Freedom never is. But it will be worth it.
---
## **The New Frontier**
The age of permission has turned us into digital serfs, but there’s a new frontier on the horizon. It’s a world where you control your money, your data, your decisions. It’s a world of encryption, anonymity, and sovereignty. It’s a world built not on permission but on principles.
This world won’t be given to you. You have to build it. You have to fight for it. And it starts with one simple act: refusing to comply.
---
## **A Final Word**
They promised us safety, but what they delivered was submission. The age of permission has enslaved us to the mundane, the monitored, and the mediocre. The Great Unpermissioning isn’t about tearing down the old world—it’s about walking away from it.
You don’t need to wait for their approval. You don’t need to ask for their permission. The freedom you’re looking for is already yours. Permission is their power—refusal is yours.
-
@ 6389be64:ef439d32
2025-01-14 01:31:12
Bitcoin is more than money, more than an asset, and more than a store of value. Bitcoin is a Prime Mover, an enabler and it ignites imaginations. It certainly fueled an idea in my mind. The idea integrates sensors, computational prowess, actuated machinery, power conversion, and electronic communications to form an autonomous, machined creature roaming forests and harvesting the most widespread and least energy-dense fuel source available. I call it the Forest Walker and it eats wood, and mines Bitcoin.
I know what you're thinking. Why not just put Bitcoin mining rigs where they belong: in a hosted facility sporting electricity from energy-dense fuels like natural gas, climate-controlled with excellent data piping in and out? Why go to all the trouble building a robot that digests wood creating flammable gasses fueling an engine to run a generator powering Bitcoin miners? It's all about synergy.
Bitcoin mining enables the realization of multiple, seemingly unrelated, yet useful activities. Activities considered un-profitable if not for Bitcoin as the Prime Mover. This is much more than simply mining the greatest asset ever conceived by humankind. It’s about the power of synergy, which Bitcoin plays only one of many roles. The synergy created by this system can stabilize forests' fire ecology while generating multiple income streams. That’s the realistic goal here and requires a brief history of American Forest management before continuing.
# Smokey The Bear
In 1944, the Smokey Bear Wildfire Prevention Campaign began in the United States. “Only YOU can prevent forest fires” remains the refrain of the Ad Council’s longest running campaign. The Ad Council is a U.S. non-profit set up by the American Association of Advertising Agencies and the Association of National Advertisers in 1942. It would seem that the U.S. Department of the Interior was concerned about pesky forest fires and wanted them to stop. So, alongside a national policy of extreme fire suppression they enlisted the entire U.S. population to get onboard via the Ad Council and it worked. Forest fires were almost obliterated and everyone was happy, right? Wrong.
Smokey is a fantastically successful bear so forest fires became so few for so long that the fuel load - dead wood - in forests has become very heavy. So heavy that when a fire happens (and they always happen) it destroys everything in its path because the more fuel there is the hotter that fire becomes. Trees, bushes, shrubs, and all other plant life cannot escape destruction (not to mention homes and businesses). The soil microbiology doesn’t escape either as it is burned away even in deeper soils. To add insult to injury, hydrophobic waxy residues condense on the soil surface, forcing water to travel over the ground rather than through it eroding forest soils. Good job, Smokey. Well done, Sir!
Most terrestrial ecologies are “fire ecologies”. Fire is a part of these systems’ fuel load and pest management. Before we pretended to “manage” millions of acres of forest, fires raged over the world, rarely damaging forests. The fuel load was always too light to generate fires hot enough to moonscape mountainsides. Fires simply burned off the minor amounts of fuel accumulated since the fire before. The lighter heat, smoke, and other combustion gasses suppressed pests, keeping them in check and the smoke condensed into a plant growth accelerant called wood vinegar, not a waxy cap on the soil. These fires also cleared out weak undergrowth, cycled minerals, and thinned the forest canopy, allowing sunlight to penetrate to the forest floor. Without a fire’s heat, many pine tree species can’t sow their seed. The heat is required to open the cones (the seed bearing structure) of Spruce, Cypress, Sequoia, Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine and many more. Without fire forests can’t have babies. The idea was to protect the forests, and it isn't working.
So, in a world of fire, what does an ally look like and what does it do?
# Meet The Forest Walker
For the Forest Walker to work as a mobile, autonomous unit, a solid platform that can carry several hundred pounds is required. It so happens this chassis already exists but shelved.
Introducing the Legged Squad Support System (LS3). A joint project between Boston Dynamics, DARPA, and the United States Marine Corps, the quadrupedal robot is the size of a cow, can carry 400 pounds (180 kg) of equipment, negotiate challenging terrain, and operate for 24 hours before needing to refuel. Yes, it had an engine. Abandoned in 2015, the thing was too noisy for military deployment and maintenance "under fire" is never a high-quality idea. However, we can rebuild it to act as a platform for the Forest Walker; albeit with serious alterations. It would need to be bigger, probably. Carry more weight? Definitely. Maybe replace structural metal with carbon fiber and redesign much as 3D printable parts for more effective maintenance.
The original system has a top operational speed of 8 miles per hour. For our purposes, it only needs to move about as fast as a grazing ruminant. Without the hammering vibrations of galloping into battle, shocks of exploding mortars, and drunken soldiers playing "Wrangler of Steel Machines", time between failures should be much longer and the overall energy consumption much lower. The LS3 is a solid platform to build upon. Now it just needs to be pulled out of the mothballs, and completely refitted with outboard equipment.
# The Small Branch Chipper
When I say “Forest fuel load” I mean the dead, carbon containing litter on the forest floor. Duff (leaves), fine-woody debris (small branches), and coarse woody debris (logs) are the fuel that feeds forest fires. Walk through any forest in the United States today and you will see quite a lot of these materials. Too much, as I have described. Some of these fuel loads can be 8 tons per acre in pine and hardwood forests and up to 16 tons per acre at active logging sites. That’s some big wood and the more that collects, the more combustible danger to the forest it represents. It also provides a technically unlimited fuel supply for the Forest Walker system.
The problem is that this detritus has to be chewed into pieces that are easily ingestible by the system for the gasification process (we’ll get to that step in a minute). What we need is a wood chipper attached to the chassis (the LS3); its “mouth”.
A small wood chipper handling material up to 2.5 - 3.0 inches (6.3 - 7.6 cm) in diameter would eliminate a substantial amount of fuel. There is no reason for Forest Walker to remove fallen trees. It wouldn’t have to in order to make a real difference. It need only identify appropriately sized branches and grab them. Once loaded into the chipper’s intake hopper for further processing, the beast can immediately look for more “food”. This is essentially kindling that would help ignite larger logs. If it’s all consumed by Forest Walker, then it’s not present to promote an aggravated conflagration.
I have glossed over an obvious question: How does Forest Walker see and identify branches and such? LiDaR (Light Detection and Ranging) attached to Forest Walker images the local area and feed those data to onboard computers for processing. Maybe AI plays a role. Maybe simple machine learning can do the trick. One thing is for certain: being able to identify a stick and cause robotic appendages to pick it up is not impossible.
Great! We now have a quadrupedal robot autonomously identifying and “eating” dead branches and other light, combustible materials. Whilst strolling through the forest, depleting future fires of combustibles, Forest Walker has already performed a major function of this system: making the forest safer. It's time to convert this low-density fuel into a high-density fuel Forest Walker can leverage. Enter the gasification process.
# The Gassifier
The gasifier is the heart of the entire system; it’s where low-density fuel becomes the high-density fuel that powers the entire system. Biochar and wood vinegar are process wastes and I’ll discuss why both are powerful soil amendments in a moment, but first, what’s gasification?
Reacting shredded carbonaceous material at high temperatures in a low or no oxygen environment converts the biomass into biochar, wood vinegar, heat, and Synthesis Gas (Syngas). Syngas consists primarily of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane. All of which are extremely useful fuels in a gaseous state. Part of this gas is used to heat the input biomass and keep the reaction temperature constant while the internal combustion engine that drives the generator to produce electrical power consumes the rest.
Critically, this gasification process is “continuous feed”. Forest Walker must intake biomass from the chipper, process it to fuel, and dump the waste (CO2, heat, biochar, and wood vinegar) continuously. It cannot stop. Everything about this system depends upon this continual grazing, digestion, and excretion of wastes just as a ruminal does. And, like a ruminant, all waste products enhance the local environment.
When I first heard of gasification, I didn’t believe that it was real. Running an electric generator from burning wood seemed more akin to “conspiracy fantasy” than science. Not only is gasification real, it’s ancient technology. A man named Dean Clayton first started experiments on gasification in 1699 and in 1901 gasification was used to power a vehicle. By the end of World War II, there were 500,000 Syngas powered vehicles in Germany alone because of fossil fuel rationing during the war. The global gasification market was $480 billion in 2022 and projected to be as much as $700 billion by 2030 (Vantage Market Research). Gasification technology is the best choice to power the Forest Walker because it’s self-contained and we want its waste products.
# Biochar: The Waste
Biochar (AKA agricultural charcoal) is fairly simple: it’s almost pure, solid carbon that resembles charcoal. Its porous nature packs large surface areas into small, 3 dimensional nuggets. Devoid of most other chemistry, like hydrocarbons (methane) and ash (minerals), biochar is extremely lightweight. Do not confuse it with the charcoal you buy for your grill. Biochar doesn’t make good grilling charcoal because it would burn too rapidly as it does not contain the multitude of flammable components that charcoal does. Biochar has several other good use cases. Water filtration, water retention, nutrient retention, providing habitat for microscopic soil organisms, and carbon sequestration are the main ones that we are concerned with here.
Carbon has an amazing ability to adsorb (substances stick to and accumulate on the surface of an object) manifold chemistries. Water, nutrients, and pollutants tightly bind to carbon in this format. So, biochar makes a respectable filter and acts as a “battery” of water and nutrients in soils. Biochar adsorbs and holds on to seven times its weight in water. Soil containing biochar is more drought resilient than soil without it. Adsorbed nutrients, tightly sequestered alongside water, get released only as plants need them. Plants must excrete protons (H+) from their roots to disgorge water or positively charged nutrients from the biochar's surface; it's an active process.
Biochar’s surface area (where adsorption happens) can be 500 square meters per gram or more. That is 10% larger than an official NBA basketball court for every gram of biochar. Biochar’s abundant surface area builds protective habitats for soil microbes like fungi and bacteria and many are critical for the health and productivity of the soil itself.
The “carbon sequestration” component of biochar comes into play where “carbon credits” are concerned. There is a financial market for carbon. Not leveraging that market for revenue is foolish. I am climate agnostic. All I care about is that once solid carbon is inside the soil, it will stay there for thousands of years, imparting drought resiliency, fertility collection, nutrient buffering, and release for that time span. I simply want as much solid carbon in the soil because of the undeniably positive effects it has, regardless of any climactic considerations.
# Wood Vinegar: More Waste
Another by-product of the gasification process is wood vinegar (Pyroligneous acid). If you have ever seen Liquid Smoke in the grocery store, then you have seen wood vinegar. Principally composed of acetic acid, acetone, and methanol wood vinegar also contains ~200 other organic compounds. It would seem intuitive that condensed, liquefied wood smoke would at least be bad for the health of all living things if not downright carcinogenic. The counter intuition wins the day, however. Wood vinegar has been used by humans for a very long time to promote digestion, bowel, and liver health; combat diarrhea and vomiting; calm peptic ulcers and regulate cholesterol levels; and a host of other benefits.
For centuries humans have annually burned off hundreds of thousands of square miles of pasture, grassland, forest, and every other conceivable terrestrial ecosystem. Why is this done? After every burn, one thing becomes obvious: the almost supernatural growth these ecosystems exhibit after the burn. How? Wood vinegar is a component of this growth. Even in open burns, smoke condenses and infiltrates the soil. That is when wood vinegar shows its quality.
This stuff beefs up not only general plant growth but seed germination as well and possesses many other qualities that are beneficial to plants. It’s a pesticide, fungicide, promotes beneficial soil microorganisms, enhances nutrient uptake, and imparts disease resistance. I am barely touching a long list of attributes here, but you want wood vinegar in your soil (alongside biochar because it adsorbs wood vinegar as well).
# The Internal Combustion Engine
Conversion of grazed forage to chemical, then mechanical, and then electrical energy completes the cycle. The ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) converts the gaseous fuel output from the gasifier to mechanical energy, heat, water vapor, and CO2. It’s the mechanical energy of a rotating drive shaft that we want. That rotation drives the electric generator, which is the heartbeat we need to bring this monster to life. Luckily for us, combined internal combustion engine and generator packages are ubiquitous, delivering a defined energy output given a constant fuel input. It’s the simplest part of the system.
The obvious question here is whether the amount of syngas provided by the gasification process will provide enough energy to generate enough electrons to run the entire system or not. While I have no doubt the energy produced will run Forest Walker's main systems the question is really about the electrons left over. Will it be enough to run the Bitcoin mining aspect of the system? Everything is a budget.
# CO2 Production For Growth
Plants are lollipops. No matter if it’s a tree or a bush or a shrubbery, the entire thing is mostly sugar in various formats but mostly long chain carbohydrates like lignin and cellulose. Plants need three things to make sugar: CO2, H2O and light. In a forest, where tree densities can be quite high, CO2 availability becomes a limiting growth factor. It’d be in the forest interests to have more available CO2 providing for various sugar formation providing the organism with food and structure.
An odd thing about tree leaves, the openings that allow gasses like the ever searched for CO2 are on the bottom of the leaf (these are called stomata). Not many stomata are topside. This suggests that trees and bushes have evolved to find gasses like CO2 from below, not above and this further suggests CO2 might be in higher concentrations nearer the soil.
The soil life (bacterial, fungi etc.) is constantly producing enormous amounts of CO2 and it would stay in the soil forever (eventually killing the very soil life that produces it) if not for tidal forces. Water is everywhere and whether in pools, lakes, oceans or distributed in “moist” soils water moves towards to the moon. The water in the soil and also in the water tables below the soil rise toward the surface every day. When the water rises, it expels the accumulated gasses in the soil into the atmosphere and it’s mostly CO2. It’s a good bet on how leaves developed high populations of stomata on the underside of leaves. As the water relaxes (the tide goes out) it sucks oxygenated air back into the soil to continue the functions of soil life respiration. The soil “breathes” albeit slowly.
The gasses produced by the Forest Walker’s internal combustion engine consist primarily of CO2 and H2O. Combusting sugars produce the same gasses that are needed to construct the sugars because the universe is funny like that. The Forest Walker is constantly laying down these critical construction elements right where the trees need them: close to the ground to be gobbled up by the trees.
# The Branch Drones
During the last ice age, giant mammals populated North America - forests and otherwise. Mastodons, woolly mammoths, rhinos, short-faced bears, steppe bison, caribou, musk ox, giant beavers, camels, gigantic ground-dwelling sloths, glyptodons, and dire wolves were everywhere. Many were ten to fifteen feet tall. As they crashed through forests, they would effectively cleave off dead side-branches of trees, halting the spread of a ground-based fire migrating into the tree crown ("laddering") which is a death knell for a forest.
These animals are all extinct now and forests no longer have any manner of pruning services. But, if we build drones fitted with cutting implements like saws and loppers, optical cameras and AI trained to discern dead branches from living ones, these drones could effectively take over pruning services by identifying, cutting, and dropping to the forest floor, dead branches. The dropped branches simply get collected by the Forest Walker as part of its continual mission.
The drones dock on the back of the Forest Walker to recharge their batteries when low. The whole scene would look like a grazing cow with some flies bothering it. This activity breaks the link between a relatively cool ground based fire and the tree crowns and is a vital element in forest fire control.
# The Bitcoin Miner
Mining is one of four monetary incentive models, making this system a possibility for development. The other three are US Dept. of the Interior, township, county, and electrical utility company easement contracts for fuel load management, global carbon credits trading, and data set sales. All the above depends on obvious questions getting answered. I will list some obvious ones, but this is not an engineering document and is not the place for spreadsheets. How much Bitcoin one Forest Walker can mine depends on everything else. What amount of biomass can we process? Will that biomass flow enough Syngas to keep the lights on? Can the chassis support enough mining ASICs and supporting infrastructure? What does that weigh and will it affect field performance? How much power can the AC generator produce?
Other questions that are more philosophical persist. Even if a single Forest Walker can only mine scant amounts of BTC per day, that pales to how much fuel material it can process into biochar. We are talking about millions upon millions of forested acres in need of fuel load management. What can a single Forest Walker do? I am not thinking in singular terms. The Forest Walker must operate as a fleet. What could 50 do? 500?
What is it worth providing a service to the world by managing forest fuel loads? Providing proof of work to the global monetary system? Seeding soil with drought and nutrient resilience by the excretion, over time, of carbon by the ton? What did the last forest fire cost?
# The Mesh Network
What could be better than one bitcoin mining, carbon sequestering, forest fire squelching, soil amending behemoth? Thousands of them, but then they would need to be able to talk to each other to coordinate position, data handling, etc. Fitted with a mesh networking device, like goTenna or Meshtastic LoRa equipment enables each Forest Walker to communicate with each other.
Now we have an interconnected fleet of Forest Walkers relaying data to each other and more importantly, aggregating all of that to the last link in the chain for uplink. Well, at least Bitcoin mining data. Since block data is lightweight, transmission of these data via mesh networking in fairly close quartered environs is more than doable. So, how does data transmit to the Bitcoin Network? How do the Forest Walkers get the previous block data necessary to execute on mining?
# Back To The Chain
Getting Bitcoin block data to and from the network is the last puzzle piece. The standing presumption here is that wherever a Forest Walker fleet is operating, it is NOT within cell tower range. We further presume that the nearest Walmart Wi-Fi is hours away. Enter the Blockstream Satellite or something like it.
A separate, ground-based drone will have two jobs: To stay as close to the nearest Forest Walker as it can and to provide an antennae for either terrestrial or orbital data uplink. Bitcoin-centric data is transmitted to the "uplink drone" via the mesh networked transmitters and then sent on to the uplink and the whole flow goes in the opposite direction as well; many to one and one to many.
We cannot transmit data to the Blockstream satellite, and it will be up to Blockstream and companies like it to provide uplink capabilities in the future and I don't doubt they will. Starlink you say? What’s stopping that company from filtering out block data? Nothing because it’s Starlink’s system and they could decide to censor these data. It seems we may have a problem sending and receiving Bitcoin data in back country environs.
But, then again, the utility of this system in staunching the fuel load that creates forest fires is extremely useful around forested communities and many have fiber, Wi-Fi and cell towers. These communities could be a welcoming ground zero for first deployments of the Forest Walker system by the home and business owners seeking fire repression. In the best way, Bitcoin subsidizes the safety of the communities.
# Sensor Packages
### LiDaR
The benefit of having a Forest Walker fleet strolling through the forest is the never ending opportunity for data gathering. A plethora of deployable sensors gathering hyper-accurate data on everything from temperature to topography is yet another revenue generator. Data is valuable and the Forest Walker could generate data sales to various government entities and private concerns.
LiDaR (Light Detection and Ranging) can map topography, perform biomass assessment, comparative soil erosion analysis, etc. It so happens that the Forest Walker’s ability to “see,” to navigate about its surroundings, is LiDaR driven and since it’s already being used, we can get double duty by harvesting that data for later use. By using a laser to send out light pulses and measuring the time it takes for the reflection of those pulses to return, very detailed data sets incrementally build up. Eventually, as enough data about a certain area becomes available, the data becomes useful and valuable.
Forestry concerns, both private and public, often use LiDaR to build 3D models of tree stands to assess the amount of harvest-able lumber in entire sections of forest. Consulting companies offering these services charge anywhere from several hundred to several thousand dollars per square kilometer for such services. A Forest Walker generating such assessments on the fly while performing its other functions is a multi-disciplinary approach to revenue generation.
### pH, Soil Moisture, and Cation Exchange Sensing
The Forest Walker is quadrupedal, so there are four contact points to the soil. Why not get a pH data point for every step it takes? We can also gather soil moisture data and cation exchange capacities at unheard of densities because of sampling occurring on the fly during commission of the system’s other duties. No one is going to build a machine to do pH testing of vast tracts of forest soils, but that doesn’t make the data collected from such an endeavor valueless. Since the Forest Walker serves many functions at once, a multitude of data products can add to the return on investment component.
### Weather Data
Temperature, humidity, pressure, and even data like evapotranspiration gathered at high densities on broad acre scales have untold value and because the sensors are lightweight and don’t require large power budgets, they come along for the ride at little cost. But, just like the old mantra, “gas, grass, or ass, nobody rides for free”, these sensors provide potential revenue benefits just by them being present.
I’ve touched on just a few data genres here. In fact, the question for universities, governmental bodies, and other institutions becomes, “How much will you pay us to attach your sensor payload to the Forest Walker?”
# Noise Suppression
Only you can prevent Metallica filling the surrounds with 120 dB of sound. Easy enough, just turn the car stereo off. But what of a fleet of 50 Forest Walkers operating in the backcountry or near a township? 500? 5000? Each one has a wood chipper, an internal combustion engine, hydraulic pumps, actuators, and more cooling fans than you can shake a stick at. It’s a walking, screaming fire-breathing dragon operating continuously, day and night, twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty-five days a year. The sound will negatively affect all living things and that impacts behaviors. Serious engineering consideration and prowess must deliver a silencing blow to the major issue of noise.
It would be foolish to think that a fleet of Forest Walkers could be silent, but if not a major design consideration, then the entire idea is dead on arrival. Townships would not allow them to operate even if they solved the problem of widespread fuel load and neither would governmental entities, and rightly so. Nothing, not man nor beast, would want to be subjected to an eternal, infernal scream even if it were to end within days as the fleet moved further away after consuming what it could. Noise and heat are the only real pollutants of this system; taking noise seriously from the beginning is paramount.
# Fire Safety
A “fire-breathing dragon” is not the worst description of the Forest Walker. It eats wood, combusts it at very high temperatures and excretes carbon; and it does so in an extremely flammable environment. Bad mix for one Forest Walker, worse for many. One must take extreme pains to ensure that during normal operation, a Forest Walker could fall over, walk through tinder dry brush, or get pounded into the ground by a meteorite from Krypton and it wouldn’t destroy epic swaths of trees and baby deer. I envision an ultimate test of a prototype to include dowsing it in grain alcohol while it’s wrapped up in toilet paper like a pledge at a fraternity party. If it runs for 72 hours and doesn’t set everything on fire, then maybe outside entities won’t be fearful of something that walks around forests with a constant fire in its belly.
# The Wrap
How we think about what can be done with and adjacent to Bitcoin is at least as important as Bitcoin’s economic standing itself. For those who will tell me that this entire idea is without merit, I say, “OK, fine. You can come up with something, too.” What can we plug Bitcoin into that, like a battery, makes something that does not work, work? That’s the lesson I get from this entire exercise. No one was ever going to hire teams of humans to go out and "clean the forest". There's no money in that. The data collection and sales from such an endeavor might provide revenues over the break-even point but investment demands Alpha in this day and age. But, plug Bitcoin into an almost viable system and, voilà! We tip the scales to achieve lift-off.
Let’s face it, we haven’t scratched the surface of Bitcoin’s forcing function on our minds. Not because it’s Bitcoin, but because of what that invention means. The question that pushes me to approach things this way is, “what can we create that one system’s waste is another system’s feedstock?” The Forest Walker system’s only real waste is the conversion of low entropy energy (wood and syngas) into high entropy energy (heat and noise). All other output is beneficial to humanity.
Bitcoin, I believe, is the first product of a new mode of human imagination. An imagination newly forged over the past few millennia of being lied to, stolen from, distracted and otherwise mis-allocated to a black hole of the nonsensical. We are waking up.
What I have presented is not science fiction. Everything I have described here is well within the realm of possibility. The question is one of viability, at least in terms of the detritus of the old world we find ourselves departing from. This system would take a non-trivial amount of time and resources to develop. I think the system would garner extensive long-term contracts from those who have the most to lose from wildfires, the most to gain from hyperaccurate data sets, and, of course, securing the most precious asset in the world. Many may not see it that way, for they seek Alpha and are therefore blind to other possibilities. Others will see only the possibilities; of thinking in a new way, of looking at things differently, and dreaming of what comes next.
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2025-01-10 12:33:47
The excesses of wokeness are thankfully getting their overdue correction, but as often happens with corrections, they tend to overshoot. A case in point was from the usually reasonable writer Wesley Yang on Twitter, who posted the following:
Poor long-term immigration policy has apparently led to too many foreign-born and native criminals of foreign descent in Norway, a disproportionate number of whom, per the chart, hail from Somalia and Morocco. Yang argues using this data to inform Norway’s immigration policies going forward is both unproblematic and “no longer prejudice.”
This is a sleight of hand. You can advocate for designing prejudicial immigration policies based on the group to which an individual potential immigrant belongs, but you cannot both do so and pretend it is not prejudicial.
This is not a point about what countries should or should not DO. They are free IMO to design immigration policies as they see fit, and there are arguments to be had over that. But there is a reactionary blindness wherein people pretend that grouping individuals by race, religion or country of origin isn't prejudicial to those individuals who have no control over how others in their assigned group behave.
The grouping is justified in their view by "data" or "statistics" or "reason." The truth is most of us still view "prejudice" as negative, so no one advocating for discriminatory immigration policies wants to be considered prejudiced. They are for the policy, think it's good, and therefore try to pretend it's not prejudiced when it obviously is.
Don't pretend. If you're for prejudicial, discriminatory immigration policies "for the greater good", just advocate for it on those terms. Be honest about what you're saying.
This might seem like a trivial point on which to base a post, but I don’t think it is. It’s not because “prejudice is bad” or “racism!” That’s just one type of instance in which this midwit tendency — to assign individuals to a group and then pretend you are being “data-driven” — rears its terrible head. I remember a couple years ago people on Twitter accused me of “taking up an ICU bed” because I refused to inject myself with Pfizer’s latest. Their reasoning was similar: because the unvaccinated are more likely to take up ICU beds (which turned out to be a lie, but let’s assume it were true), I was in the *group* taking up more beds, therefore I was taking up a bed.
The trick is to assign someone to a group in which they qualify (Somali, unvaccinated, etc.), get “data” about that group and then apply that data to the individuals within it, even if it is totally inaccurate with respect to them.
This is the same trick used to justify disastrous DEI policies too. You are from a historically underprivileged group, so you deserve to be held to lower standards. It doesn’t matter if you would succeed on your own merit, it doesn’t matter your race, gender, sexual orientation are irrelevant to the task for which you are being hired, it doesn’t matter if you are the son of wealthy and famous people and attended all the best schools, you belong to a particular category and therefore this standard will be applied.
But the implications of this midwit sleight of hand are even worse than that, especially on the eve of AI-based systems taking over so many of the administrative functions at both the corporate and state level. You will be categorized, and you will be pre-judged on that basis because it is far more efficient for the system to do so than to examine everyone individually. In fact, I’d argue, unlike humans, AI is incapable of seeing individuals, it sees *only* “data.”
This was the premise for the movie Minority Report, set in a dystopian future wherein people get convicted of “pre-crime” because the system determined from the data about them they were likely to commit one. You might not have done anything *yet*, but based on your angry social media posts, your high testosterone, your age and background, you have a 99.9 percent chance of violence. Why not arrest you now before you victimize someone? For every 1000 victims we protect, we’ll convict only one person who would not in fact have done it!
There will be many people who are for this kind of reasoning. It’s “data” after all. Never mind the data can be biased based on the grouping. Why am I grouped with other people I don’t know and over whom I have no control? What if they added 100 other parameters which showed I’m among the least likely to commit violence? Who is selecting these parameters and what are their agendas?
But more to the point, such a society is not free. You are at the whims of your grouping, of parameters, of statistics. The paradigm of individual civil liberties, innocent until proven guilty, responsibility only for your own actions would be dead. You are pre-judged before you have done anything.
The second-order effects of such a paradigm would be a race to the bottom. If I am not in the wrong group I can do no wrong, based on my favorable peers. I can roam the streets, commit acts of vandalism and violence with impunity, I can loaf at work, not do my job and never be fired. I would argue that under the present (and mercifully soon-to-be-departed) administration we’ve already experienced many of these effects already.
So back to the original question. What is Norway to do with this “data”? One idea would be to have a non-discriminatory vetting process that involves delayed gratification and requires some diligence on the part of the prospective immigrant. This might self-sort the people capable of living in an open, prosperous western society and those who are not. You would be admitted or denied based on demonstrated suitability (merit), not with whom you were grouped (identity). This would be closer to the “postjudice” policy prescription Yang erroneously claims for his own in the cited post.
Whether that results in more people of one race or another, one nationality or another getting in, isn't important. What's important is both not judging individuals on the basis of their assigned group and keeping the country free of violent criminals. Both goals are essential if we want to avoid dystopian outcomes.
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@ 23b0e2f8:d8af76fc
2025-01-08 18:17:52
## **Necessário**
- Um Android que você não use mais (a câmera deve estar funcionando).
- Um cartão microSD (opcional, usado apenas uma vez).
- Um dispositivo para acompanhar seus fundos (provavelmente você já tem um).
## **Algumas coisas que você precisa saber**
- O dispositivo servirá como um assinador. Qualquer movimentação só será efetuada após ser assinada por ele.
- O cartão microSD será usado para transferir o APK do Electrum e garantir que o aparelho não terá contato com outras fontes de dados externas após sua formatação. Contudo, é possível usar um cabo USB para o mesmo propósito.
- A ideia é deixar sua chave privada em um dispositivo offline, que ficará desligado em 99% do tempo. Você poderá acompanhar seus fundos em outro dispositivo conectado à internet, como seu celular ou computador pessoal.
---
## **O tutorial será dividido em dois módulos:**
- Módulo 1 - Criando uma carteira fria/assinador.
- Módulo 2 - Configurando um dispositivo para visualizar seus fundos e assinando transações com o assinador.
---
## **No final, teremos:**
- Uma carteira fria que também servirá como assinador.
- Um dispositivo para acompanhar os fundos da carteira.
---
## **Módulo 1 - Criando uma carteira fria/assinador**
1. Baixe o APK do Electrum na aba de **downloads** em <https://electrum.org/>. Fique à vontade para [verificar as assinaturas](https://electrum.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gpg-check.html) do software, garantindo sua autenticidade.
2. Formate o cartão microSD e coloque o APK do Electrum nele. Caso não tenha um cartão microSD, pule este passo.
3. Retire os chips e acessórios do aparelho que será usado como assinador, formate-o e aguarde a inicialização.
4. Durante a inicialização, pule a etapa de conexão ao Wi-Fi e rejeite todas as solicitações de conexão. Após isso, você pode desinstalar aplicativos desnecessários, pois precisará apenas do Electrum. Certifique-se de que Wi-Fi, Bluetooth e dados móveis estejam desligados. Você também pode ativar o **modo avião**.\
*(Curiosidade: algumas pessoas optam por abrir o aparelho e danificar a antena do Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, impossibilitando essas funcionalidades.)*
5. Insira o cartão microSD com o APK do Electrum no dispositivo e instale-o. Será necessário permitir instalações de fontes não oficiais.
6. No Electrum, crie uma carteira padrão e gere suas palavras-chave (seed). Anote-as em um local seguro. Caso algo aconteça com seu assinador, essas palavras permitirão o acesso aos seus fundos novamente. *(Aqui entra seu método pessoal de backup.)*
---
## **Módulo 2 - Configurando um dispositivo para visualizar seus fundos e assinando transações com o assinador.**
1. Criar uma carteira **somente leitura** em outro dispositivo, como seu celular ou computador pessoal, é uma etapa bastante simples. Para este tutorial, usaremos outro smartphone Android com Electrum. Instale o Electrum a partir da aba de downloads em <https://electrum.org/> ou da própria Play Store. *(ATENÇÃO: O Electrum não existe oficialmente para iPhone. Desconfie se encontrar algum.)*
2. Após instalar o Electrum, crie uma carteira padrão, mas desta vez escolha a opção **Usar uma chave mestra**.
3. Agora, no assinador que criamos no primeiro módulo, exporte sua chave pública: vá em **Carteira > Detalhes da carteira > Compartilhar chave mestra pública**.
4. Escaneie o QR gerado da chave pública com o dispositivo de consulta. Assim, ele poderá acompanhar seus fundos, mas sem permissão para movimentá-los.
5. Para receber fundos, envie Bitcoin para um dos endereços gerados pela sua carteira: **Carteira > Addresses/Coins**.
6. Para movimentar fundos, crie uma transação no dispositivo de consulta. Como ele não possui a chave privada, será necessário assiná-la com o dispositivo assinador.
7. No assinador, escaneie a transação não assinada, confirme os detalhes, assine e compartilhe. Será gerado outro QR, desta vez com a transação já assinada.
8. No dispositivo de consulta, escaneie o QR da transação assinada e transmita-a para a rede.
---
## **Conclusão**
**Pontos positivos do setup:**
- **Simplicidade:** Basta um dispositivo Android antigo.
- **Flexibilidade:** Funciona como uma ótima carteira fria, ideal para holders.
**Pontos negativos do setup:**
- **Padronização:** Não utiliza seeds no padrão BIP-39, você sempre precisará usar o electrum.
- **Interface:** A aparência do Electrum pode parecer antiquada para alguns usuários.
Nesse ponto, temos uma carteira fria que também serve para assinar transações. O fluxo de assinar uma transação se torna: ***Gerar uma transação não assinada > Escanear o QR da transação não assinada > Conferir e assinar essa transação com o assinador > Gerar QR da transação assinada > Escanear a transação assinada com qualquer outro dispositivo que possa transmiti-la para a rede.***
Como alguns devem saber, uma transação assinada de Bitcoin é praticamente impossível de ser fraudada. Em um cenário catastrófico, você pode mesmo que sem internet, repassar essa transação assinada para alguém que tenha acesso à rede por qualquer meio de comunicação. Mesmo que não queiramos que isso aconteça um dia, esse setup acaba por tornar essa prática possível.
---
-
@ 00cfe60d:2819cc65
2025-01-08 16:36:40
Lets start with the money talk, at its core, a good form of money is created from two key ingredients: time and energy.
**Money = Time + Energy
**
This simple idea explains why money has value. Time is something we can never get back, and energy is what powers everything we do, both mentally and physically. Together, they create value.
Why Energy is So Important
Energy is what keeps life going. It’s essential for everything we use and do every day. For example:
- Food without energy to cook is raw and not very tasty.
- A car without energy doesn’t go anywhere.
- A person without energy feels tired and can’t work or play.
- Your work without energy gets nothing done.
- Football without energy means no running, no cheering, and no fun.
- A phone without energy is just a useless object.
- A house without energy is cold, dark, and uncomfortable.
- Transportation without energy means no moving buses, trains, or planes.
- The internet without energy means no websites, no games, and no communication.
- Nature without energy means plants don’t grow and animals can’t survive.
**And what about money without energy?
**
We often hear that *“time is money”* but if money is created without any time or energy, it becomes worthless. That’s why energy is so important in giving money its value.
**Why Bitcoin is Different**
Bitcoin is special because it follows the equation of money perfectly. It’s the best kind of money because it requires both time and energy to exist. Here’s how:
- Time: Bitcoin’s network is designed to create new bitcoins at regular intervals, so time is built into the system.
- Energy: Bitcoin is made using a process called Proof-of-Work, which uses real-world energy to produce and secure it. This ties its value to effort and cost.
Thanks to this process, Bitcoin is:
1. Scarce: There will only ever be 21 million bitcoins. It can’t be copied or faked.
2. Reliable: Its value is tied to real-world energy, making it solid and trustworthy.
3. Effort-Based: No one can create bitcoins out of thin air. It takes real work.
This makes Bitcoin an honest form of money, free from manipulation or shortcuts. It connects the digital and physical worlds through energy, just like gold was in the past, requiring time and energy to extract and maintain its value.
**The Problem with Regular Money (Fiat Money)**
On the other hand, fiat money, the kind printed by governments, doesn’t follow the same rules. It’s made without effort, just by pressing a button. This leads to big problems:
1. Inflation: More money is printed, making the money you already have worth less.
2. Manipulation: Governments and banks can change the rules whenever they want.
3. Unfairness: People closest to the money printers benefit the most, while everyone else pays the price.
4. Fiat money breaks the rule of time and energy. It’s just a symbol, not a true store of value.
**Henry Ford’s Energy Currency Idea
**
Over 100 years ago, Henry Ford had a bold idea: What if money was based on energy? He believed energy was the ultimate resource because it’s measurable and valuable to everyone.
Bitcoin brings Ford’s vision to life. Its Proof-of-Work system ties money directly to energy. Bitcoin acts as a global, incorruptible energy currency that rewards effort and aligns money with real-world value.
**Why Energy-Based Money Matters**
Money that’s rooted in time and energy isn’t just an idea, it’s a principle we live by every day. To truly understand the value of energy and effort, let me share a personal story.
Every single day of the week, I train. I pour my energy and effort into CrossFit, pushing my body and mind to their limits. Last year, during a competition, I achieved something I’d never done before: 12 ring muscle-ups. Before that, my maximum was just three. Through consistent training, spending my time and energy at the gym, I earned that reward. It wasn’t easy, but it was worth it.
This is Proof-of-Work in action. Just like my training required time and energy to achieve results, Bitcoin requires time and energy to exist. Its
Proof-of-Work mechanism ensures:
- It can’t be faked or inflated.
- It rewards hard work and energy, not shortcuts or manipulation.
- It restores trust by linking value to real-world effort.
In a world where fiat money can be printed without effort, Bitcoin shines as a clear and honest form of money. Like the work I put into my training, Bitcoin ties time and energy to value, creating a system that’s fair, transparent, and built to last.
-
@ 3f770d65:7a745b24
2025-01-05 18:56:33
New Year’s resolutions often feel boring and repetitive. Most revolve around getting in shape, eating healthier, or giving up alcohol. While the idea is interesting—using the start of a new calendar year as a catalyst for change—it also seems unnecessary. Why wait for a specific date to make a change? If you want to improve something in your life, you can just do it. You don’t need an excuse.
That’s why I’ve never been drawn to the idea of making a list of resolutions. If I wanted a change, I’d make it happen, without worrying about the calendar. At least, that’s how I felt until now—when, for once, the timing actually gave me a real reason to embrace the idea of New Year’s resolutions.
Enter [Olas](https://olas.app).
If you're a visual creator, you've likely experienced the relentless grind of building a following on platforms like Instagram—endless doomscrolling, ever-changing algorithms, and the constant pressure to stay relevant. But what if there was a better way? Olas is a Nostr-powered alternative to Instagram that prioritizes community, creativity, and value-for-value exchanges. It's a game changer.
Instagram’s failings are well-known. Its algorithm often dictates whose content gets seen, leaving creators frustrated and powerless. Monetization hurdles further alienate creators who are forced to meet arbitrary follower thresholds before earning anything. Additionally, the platform’s design fosters endless comparisons and exposure to negativity, which can take a significant toll on mental health.
Instagram’s algorithms are notorious for keeping users hooked, often at the cost of their mental health. I've spoken about this extensively, most recently at Nostr Valley, explaining how legacy social media is bad for you. You might find yourself scrolling through content that leaves you feeling anxious or drained. Olas takes a fresh approach, replacing "doomscrolling" with "bloomscrolling." This is a common theme across the Nostr ecosystem. The lack of addictive rage algorithms allows the focus to shift to uplifting, positive content that inspires rather than exhausts.
Monetization is another area where Olas will set itself apart. On Instagram, creators face arbitrary barriers to earning—needing thousands of followers and adhering to restrictive platform rules. Olas eliminates these hurdles by leveraging the Nostr protocol, enabling creators to earn directly through value-for-value exchanges. Fans can support their favorite artists instantly, with no delays or approvals required. The plan is to enable a brand new Olas account that can get paid instantly, with zero followers - that's wild.
Olas addresses these issues head-on. Operating on the open Nostr protocol, it removes centralized control over one's content’s reach or one's ability to monetize. With transparent, configurable algorithms, and a community that thrives on mutual support, Olas creates an environment where creators can grow and succeed without unnecessary barriers.
Join me on my New Year's resolution. Join me on Olas and take part in the [#Olas365](https://olas.app/search/olas365) challenge! It’s a simple yet exciting way to share your content. The challenge is straightforward: post at least one photo per day on Olas (though you’re welcome to share more!).
[Download on iOS](https://testflight.apple.com/join/2FMVX2yM).
[Download on Android](https://github.com/pablof7z/olas/releases/) or download via Zapstore.
Let's make waves together.
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2025-01-05 14:26:34
Maybe it’s because I watched [The Omen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDHisWRsE98) at way too young an age, or maybe it’s because the Book of Revelation’s “mark of the beast” allegory is playing out too literally for my tastes, but having already written about the [Second Coming](https://www.chrisliss.com/the_second_coming), it only follows I should speculate as to its counterpart.
As I mentioned in [The Second Coming](https://www.chrisliss.com/the_second_coming), it’s dangerous to take the myths from our ancestors too literally. They used the symbols of their times, and we should be careful not to confuse the mental maps they had of their world with reality itself. That said, we should also not be dismissive — Mozart didn’t have fancy music editing software, but his genius using the modalities of the time was real. To the extent our forebears offered us their wisdom about the nature of man and forces within him we should endeavor to understand it. The technology and the symbols may have changed, but our essential nature is ever the same.
Just as the second coming of Christ would free man from tyranny, the Antichrist would be its imposition. And just as I speculated that Jesus might not return in the form of a person, it’s likely neither would his counterpart. But if Satoshi, Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, can be the face, so to speak, representing the movement toward freedom and God, who and what would represent its antithesis? Let’s speculate.
It would have to be someone charismatic, a person the multitudes would want to follow and in whom to look for reassurance. That eliminates villains du jour like Bill Gates, Klaus Schwab and Vladimir Putin. If that’s who Satan is sending, he’s not sending his best. What about Donald Trump? More charismatic, much more popular appeal. He’s a better choice than the first group, but while street-smart, he lacks refined intelligence and is too despised by wide swaths of the population. He’s also probably too old.
For a while, I would have said Barack Obama was the best candidate, and even some hard-core right wingers agreed (it’s hilarious that this [claim was actually fact-checked](https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/anti-maim/)! — you can’t fact-check whether someone is the Antichrist!) Obama was relatively young, vital enough, popular, charismatic and intelligent. But he’s faded from view the last few years and has been a surprisingly inconsequential former president.
That leaves one person of whom I can think with the qualities and societal position to fill the role. Regrettably it’s someone I like, but of course I would like the Antichrist! If he weren’t likable he wouldn’t be the Antichrist.
That person is Elon Musk.
Musk is the richest person in the world, among the most followed on Twitter, has a borderline worshipful fanbase and big plans for improving humanity. Musk is young enough, he’s probably a genius and considering a private takeover of arguably the world’s most important communications network. He’s also a big player in satellites, energy, transportation and [internet provision](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1530234643219243009?s=20&t=olDDLEAUBFhreDIltCPkkQ).
Musk says lots of sensible things with which I agree about free speech and rights. He is the perfect foil to the [out-of-central-casting](https://unlimitedhangout.com/2021/02/investigative-reports/schwab-family-values/) Schwab supervillain. As Edward Dowd speculated:
But, you might object, if Musk is the foil to Schwab’s terrible ideas, isn’t that good for humanity? How could the Antichrist be for [free speech](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1519036983137509376?s=20&t=olDDLEAUBFhreDIltCPkkQ), [renewable energy](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1532030554778087424?s=20&t=olDDLEAUBFhreDIltCPkkQ), [population expansion](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1529193812949614594?s=20&t=PIRRovWYIIUSQY5Uw7dFpw)? Again, of course, the Antichrist is going to have good, sensible ideas! But as Marshall McLuhan said, “[The medium is the message](https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/marshall_mcluhan_157742).”
Or, more aptly, the top-down messianic complex is the message.
Musk has [long discussed saving humanity](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1533410745429413888?s=20&t=gTsO-6ltAFVOs4SJP-VmpQ) via expansion into space and sustainable energy. But in order to save humanity, one must exert some control over it. While Musk’s Twitter takeover from the [ineffectual woke scolds](https://nypost.com/2022/05/18/good-riddance-to-the-ministry-of-truth-nina-jankowicz/) is getting most of the press, [this is also going on](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/elon-musk-says-neuralinks-brain-155733754.html):
Klaus Schwab’s pitch to own nothing and eat bugs is weak, but Musk, via brain implant, could potentially create a more satisfying virtual experience than most could hope to achieve in reality. And what could be more tantamount to complete control than letting someone else get the keys to the very organ of perception itself?
Well don’t get the implant then. Just get in your Tesla and drive away. But electric cars don’t work that way — they are attached to the grid, trackable and capable of [being shut down remotely](https://tekdeeps.com/elon-musk-is-being-pressured-to-shut-down-tesla-cars-in-russia/). And that’s before we consider driverless cars in which there would be even less privacy and autonomy. Moreover, Teslas [track the driver’s movements](https://www.carscoops.com/2020/10/tesla-model-3s-interior-camera-tracking-eye-and-head-movement/) already to an extent combustion-engine cars do not, ostensibly to inform the developing AI, but uses for technology evolve over time — sending email and paying bills over the internet was commonplace in 2000, but now people are micro-tracked by Facebook and Google.
One could object that Musk has, to-date, used his influence for good. But that makes it no less dangerous to entrust him with so much power: J.R.R. Tolkien understood this clearly:
*“You are wise and powerful. Will you not take the Ring?”*
*“No!” cried Gandalf, springing to his feet. “With that power I should have power too great and terrible. And over me the Ring would gain a power still greater and more deadly.” His eyes flashed and his face was lit as by a fire within. “Do not tempt me! For I do not wish to become like the Dark Lord himself. Yet the way of the Ring to my heart is by pity, pity for weakness and the desire of strength to do good. Do not tempt me! I dare not take it, not even to keep it safe, unused. The wish to wield it would be too great for my strength. I shall have such need of it. Great perils lie before me.”*
*-- The Lord of the Rings*
Beyond [Neuralink](https://neuralink.com/), Musk also seems to have a strong utilitarian bent:
In this [paper](https://www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html) Nick Bostrom makes the case that delaying technological advancement could cost humanity astronomical amounts of well-being because every moment we delay, stars are burning out, useful energy is being sucked into black holes, irreversible entropy is happening apace, depriving us of future potential. Bostrom translates it into potential human lives lost (or more aptly, never having been born) on account of this permanent loss.
While Bostrom’s framework seems benign — who is against collective human happiness in the form of more worthwhile lives? — it’s actually a form of utilitarianism that tries to sum the totality of human happiness over the entire species rather than to consider, as Immanuel Kant would, [each individual as an end in himself](https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/08519/frontmatter/9781107008519_frontmatter.pdf). This viewing of the collective good as the optimal outcome has been used to justify many of history’s worst atrocities. To create a master race, to make sure everyone gets the same amount, to protect the world from covid, we must do whatever it takes!
If, per Bostrom’s math, one harnessed black hole were worth quadrillions of lives, it would, for example, seem an easy call to sacrifice a bunch of selfish losers on earth who stood in the way of creating the technology for doing so. Utilitarianism, ironically, winds up failing miserably by its own metric because (a) it can so easily be manipulated by whoever is maintaining the “greater good” spread sheet, which just happens to coincide with one’s ambitions; and (b) because it’s absurd to think you can calculate aggregate good for octillions of lives so far into an unknowable future. As such, while Musk’s pitch is more persuasive than Schwab’s or Gates’, it’s ultimately part of the same dangerous philosophy which is: “Let me optimize for total human happiness on your behalf.”
Contrast Musk’s top-down humanity-saving endeavors with Bitcoin which is purely opt-in, works with simple incentives and imposes no value judgments on its users. It’s a [truth-recording clock](https://dergigi.com/2021/01/14/bitcoin-is-time/), impervious to fraud and cooption by the powerful. No matter how wealthy or powerful a person is, he cannot control the network or get treated with special privileges. Bitcoin’s finite supply means governments cannot print more of it, cannot finance unpopular wars or massive giveaways to the military and pharmaceutical industrial complexes. Instead of trusting any particular powerful person (the president, Elon Musk, Bill Gates) to be good, it simply removes the incentives toward and reduces the capacity for evil.
*The supreme good is like water, which nourishes all things without trying to. It is content with the low places that people disdain. Thus it is like the Tao.*
*From the [Tao Te Ching](http://albanycomplementaryhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/TaoTeChing-LaoTzu-StephenMitchellTranslation-33p.pdf) (Lao Tse — translated by Stephen Mitchell)*
We simply need the right conditions, the proper axioms on which to build. Just as the US Constitution created the framework for the most prosperous society in the history of the world, bitcoin will provide the axioms for peace, the harnessing of stranded energy and the [low-time preference](https://saifedean.com/podcast/84-hard-money-and-time-preference-lecture-at-the-property-freedom-society/) required for a more prosperous future.
But it won’t be the future brought to you by Elon Musk, and ultimately I foresee a clash between the two. One tell is his otherwise inexplicable [promotion of Dogecoin](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1530209049261658112?s=20&t=gTsO-6ltAFVOs4SJP-VmpQ) as a possible currency for Tesla purchases. Dogecoin was [literally a joke](https://thecryptobasic.com/2022/06/03/doge-founder-says-every-project-started-now-is-made-to-enrich-creators-at-the-expense-of-community/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=doge-founder-says-every-project-started-now-is-made-to-enrich-creators-at-the-expense-of-community) from its creator and of course has none of the security, decentralization or censorship resistance of bitcoin. Musk is too smart not to know that — he put a couple billion dollars of Tesla’s balance sheet in bitcoin already and almost certainly understands the value proposition. That he still cites Doge seriously would be a clever way to muddy the waters about what bitcoin is vs what blockchain-based “crypto” is. And of course the Antichrist would avail himself of bitcoin, if only to obfuscate his real intentions and also to be able to crash the price by selling, if necessary, at an opportune time.
The Klaus Schwab-Bill Gates-WEF set have already lost. They are widely despised, central banks are flailing, once-trusted institutions like the legacy media, major science and medical journals, the WHO, CDC and FDA are hemorrhaging influence. People are unhappy and looking for someone or something to trust. Elon Musk could fill that void, and if he does, he will be The Final Boss, the last false idol that needs to be discarded before humanity can, through its own efforts, enjoy a new era of prosperity, the [Second Coming](https://www.chrisliss.com/the_second_coming), so to speak.
I actually suspect Musk is genuine in his desire to help humanity via his vision and am pretty sure he doesn’t have 666 embedded in his scalp — in any case even Damian in The Omen [neither knew who he was nor wanted to be](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFNqkxFljvk) the Antichrist! But the most dangerous people for humanity are those with the biggest plans for it.
Or put more succinctly:
-
@ a4a6b584:1e05b95b
2025-01-02 18:13:31
## The Four-Layer Framework
### Layer 1: Zoom Out
Start by looking at the big picture. What’s the subject about, and why does it matter? Focus on the overarching ideas and how they fit together. Think of this as the 30,000-foot view—it’s about understanding the "why" and "how" before diving into the "what."
**Example**: If you’re learning programming, start by understanding that it’s about giving logical instructions to computers to solve problems.
- **Tip**: Keep it simple. Summarize the subject in one or two sentences and avoid getting bogged down in specifics at this stage.
_Once you have the big picture in mind, it’s time to start breaking it down._
---
### Layer 2: Categorize and Connect
Now it’s time to break the subject into categories—like creating branches on a tree. This helps your brain organize information logically and see connections between ideas.
**Example**: Studying biology? Group concepts into categories like cells, genetics, and ecosystems.
- **Tip**: Use headings or labels to group similar ideas. Jot these down in a list or simple diagram to keep track.
_With your categories in place, you’re ready to dive into the details that bring them to life._
---
### Layer 3: Master the Details
Once you’ve mapped out the main categories, you’re ready to dive deeper. This is where you learn the nuts and bolts—like formulas, specific techniques, or key terminology. These details make the subject practical and actionable.
**Example**: In programming, this might mean learning the syntax for loops, conditionals, or functions in your chosen language.
- **Tip**: Focus on details that clarify the categories from Layer 2. Skip anything that doesn’t add to your understanding.
_Now that you’ve mastered the essentials, you can expand your knowledge to include extra material._
---
### Layer 4: Expand Your Horizons
Finally, move on to the extra material—less critical facts, trivia, or edge cases. While these aren’t essential to mastering the subject, they can be useful in specialized discussions or exams.
**Example**: Learn about rare programming quirks or historical trivia about a language’s development.
- **Tip**: Spend minimal time here unless it’s necessary for your goals. It’s okay to skim if you’re short on time.
---
## Pro Tips for Better Learning
### 1. Use Active Recall and Spaced Repetition
Test yourself without looking at notes. Review what you’ve learned at increasing intervals—like after a day, a week, and a month. This strengthens memory by forcing your brain to actively retrieve information.
### 2. Map It Out
Create visual aids like [diagrams or concept maps](https://excalidraw.com/) to clarify relationships between ideas. These are particularly helpful for organizing categories in Layer 2.
### 3. Teach What You Learn
Explain the subject to someone else as if they’re hearing it for the first time. Teaching **exposes any gaps** in your understanding and **helps reinforce** the material.
### 4. Engage with LLMs and Discuss Concepts
Take advantage of tools like ChatGPT or similar large language models to **explore your topic** in greater depth. Use these tools to:
- Ask specific questions to clarify confusing points.
- Engage in discussions to simulate real-world applications of the subject.
- Generate examples or analogies that deepen your understanding.
**Tip**: Use LLMs as a study partner, but don’t rely solely on them. Combine these insights with your own critical thinking to develop a well-rounded perspective.
---
## Get Started
Ready to try the Four-Layer Method? Take 15 minutes today to map out the big picture of a topic you’re curious about—what’s it all about, and why does it matter? By building your understanding step by step, you’ll master the subject with less stress and more confidence.
-
@ 5391098c:74403a0e
2025-01-02 16:50:29
Ensaio em Prosa sobre Fotografia Analógica
Tenho especial fascínio pela fotografia analógica. É que se trata dum processo artístico muito mais complexo que a fotografia digital, devemos entender todos os aspectos da fotografia para obter o resultado pretendido, desde aspectos mecânicos da câmera como abertura e tempo do obturador, foco, iluminação, até a sensibilidade do filme utilizado e o resultado, quando alcançado, é verdadeira obra de arte pintada, onde a tela é a película química.
Importante dizer que meu fascínio pela fotografia analógica não me impede de reconhecer a importância da fotografia digital, não fosse essa você não estaria vendo minhas obras de arte que foram digitalizadas…
Da mesma forma que meu fascínio pela máquina de escrever não me impede de ter essa e outras páginas na internet. Parte do meu livro FILOSOFIA FUNDAMENTAL foi escrito graças a inspiração da máquina de escrever, como ocorreu no capítulo sobre o que seria evolução, escrevi integralmente na minha Olivetti Studio 46, pois havia faltado luz: o que me fez refletir sobre se o computador realmente é a evolução da máquina de escrever.
Outro exemplo foi a inspiração que as lindas formas arredondas de minha máquina de escrever da marca Érika me proporcionou, acabou resultando numa bela performance a qual dei nome de Paixão Erótika.
Por isso, acredito que os equipamentos analógicos não ofuscam nossa criatividade e na fotografia não poderia deixar de ser diferente.
No conjunto de fotografias analógicas abaixo utilizei uma Canon T50, objetiva de 50mm e filme Kodak Pro Image 100, a qual se encontra auto-fotografada em espelho, vamos ver:
Na foto abaixo utilizei luz amarela indireta da direita superior para esquerda inferior, o desfoque ao redor foi proposital com o objetivo de parecer estar olhando o mundo através das lentes da câmera, nesse caso ela estava olhando para sí mesmo. Mesmo estando a parede e o espelho no mesmo plano, a profundidade de campo do espelho é diferente, por isso esse efeito foi possível. Destaque especial para o “olho” do diafragma, deve ter aberto até f5.6, pois a luz não era muito forte. Se a luz fosse mais forte o diafragma teria aberto o mínimo f16 o que aumentaria a profundidade de campo impedindo o desfoque pretendido. O resultado foi alcançado, ao mesmo tempo que a câmera aparece, essa fotografia transmite essa mensagem subliminar:
https://image.nostr.build/a7cbfbe68a4bb89ae731c360c373ac8eff7599a5a100d13035eb234b5d788626.jpg
PERFORMANCE
Performance é o nome dado à mescla de mais de uma linguagem artística (arte visual, música, teatro, etc.) clicando em https://davipinheiro.com/id/performance/ você pode ver todas minhas performances. Nos exemplos abaixo a mescla se deu pela mistura de artes visuais criadas por mim e captadas pela fotografia analógica, vamos ver:
A foto abaixo se trata dum terrário que criei num tronco de árvore, arte plástica. Para fotografar utilizei luz amarela superior, o desfoque foi para destacar o objeto, especial destaque para o reflexo da luz no vidro para dar noção tridimensional de algo transparente:
https://image.nostr.build/e8026f9e99fa16631959954f8bb925af6f1764911f0a315ab0125bb413e3e89b.jpg
Na foto abaixo o mesmo processo da foto anterior, também utilizando uma Canon T50 com filme Kodak Pro Image 100 e objetiva de 50mm, diferenciando o enquadramento e a luz direta frontal:
https://image.nostr.build/4c44a0baf2b5ddaf63f83420952ab1b2e84f7df292f8e413a65f8134a2e7db58.jpg
A foto abaixo retrata o processo de criação da obra. Ironicamente, nessa foto, meu galo Cara de Palhaço mesmo desfocado no fundo se destacou, parecendo estar em pé no tronco:
https://image.nostr.build/d0d5e73ecbcdefa79ffd858d0143f41915c9deab7864d271d5ee724b3927f9bc.jpg
A foto abaixo se trata do pisca-alerta original da minha super DT200R (viva os motores 2 tempos!) que caiu depois de uma trilha kkk. A Ideia nesta fotografia era fazer o sol parecer estar acendendo o alerta que deveria aparentar estar flutuando no céu. Infelizmente não fui bem sucedido, pois os fios que penduravam o objeto acabaram aparecendo. É impressionante a capacidade de cálculo da Canon T50 e a velocidade do seu obturador, a nitidez da objetiva e a resolução do filme Kodak Pro Image 100, cujo conjunto conseguiu captar até os pequenos fios de nylon transparentes. Eu imaginei que a foto ia estourar e os fios não apareceriam, ledo engano. Pelo menos o enquadramento ficou correto: objeto um pouco mais acima do centro para dar sensação de altitude e levemente de perfil para dar noção 3d. Quem sabe com uma câmera que seja possível ajustar a velocidade do obturador eu seja bem sucedido…
https://image.nostr.build/808243d34b6dbeade25d38189163f9d58f6a12da9d00df17c85651d501e1bed8.jpg
A foto abaixo se trata da minha performance favorita com a fotografia analógica, pois fotografei o primeiro quadro que pintei, o qual dei o nome de Elipsoíris sendo ele posteriormente capa do meu livro FILOSOFIA FUNDAMENTAL, então aí temos três linguagens artísticas profundas na mesma performance: O quadro que virou livro fotografado analogicamente. A ideia desta performance foi enquadrar o quadro desfocado, o qual somente pode ser desvendado com os olhos certos, por isso a lente. Utilizei luz natural e uma lente velha de óculos. Especial destaque para os dois pontos de luz que refletiram na lente parecendo dois olhos, isso não foi planejado e deu um toque especial para a fotografia, cabendo diversas interpretações, esse é o objeto da arte em geral. Fiquei muuuito contente com o resultado:
https://image.nostr.build/6bb5b802b3ad1bb7262b925225fcfb0b8b00654fa0fec240be57f648c32245af.jpg
Já na fotografia analógica abaixo considero uma performance porque não se trata duma fotografia comum de paisagem, flores, arquitetura, animais ou pessoas, visa passar uma mensagem. Utilizando apenas a luz natural, regulei o foco da Canon T50 para as lentes dos meus próprios óculos e escolhi um dia especialmente nublado e escuro para simbolizar as dificuldades pelas quais todos passamos no dia-a-dia, quando acreditamos por algum momento que as luzes estão apagadas para nós, até que com os óculos certos podemos enxergar com maior nitidez o horizonte, os óculos podem ser a palavra de Deus ou qualquer outra coisa que te ilumine e esclareça. Com certeza essa fotografia terá um bom uso em meus próximos escritos:
https://image.nostr.build/b44b573bb39cdf5f2eb446e818bbf59d5dab9d3815ac6e917440b2f6b1ff431c.jpg
DUPLA EXPOSIÇÃO
Eis aqui um recurso nato da fotografia analógica: a dupla exposição. Se trata de fotografar mais de uma vez em cima do mesmo filme de modo que as imagens se sobreponham. Como esse método podemos simular movimento numa única fotografia, fazer montagens de disco voador kkkk, enfim a imaginação é o limite, vamos ver:
Nessa fotografia analógica abaixo ocorreu uma quádrupla exposição, pois cliquei quatro enquadramentos diferentes sob o mesmo filme. Foi especialmente difícil fazer porque a Canon T50 não tem esse recurso, então tive que enganá-la pressionando o botão de rebobinar o filme ao mesmo tempo que disparava a câmera. Como eu estava usando o filme Kodak Pro Image que possui asa 100, também regulei a máquina como se estivesse usando um filme asa 25, então sabia que podia disparar quatro vezes sem queimar o filme. Pedi para a modelo (minha Mãe, kkk) ficar em três posições diferentes dando a impressão de movimento e não satisfeito no final ainda fotografei o sol. Adorei essa foto:
https://image.nostr.build/5f8e2962e2ee94259d4dd5d3b777976a4d20ba293a5a4e68e81e30a0e1975543.jpg
FOTOS EM MACRO OU CLOSE
Acredito ser possível obter uma fotografia analógica em macro mesmo sem lente especial, tudo depende da pecinha que fica atrás da câmera: você, kkkk. Devemos tentar, se não obtivermos uma fotografia em macro, ao menos um close teremos, vamos ver:
Na foto abaixo há um minúsculo cogumelo que cresceu num barranco qualquer, apareceu nitidamente no negativo, mesmo sem uso de lupa, por isso considero um macro, na verdade é apenas uma foto divertida:
https://image.nostr.build/02aa4bbdc0cf54519b694c75237693fc2a6569fe4f3167220b05c7498757b822.jpg
Já a foto abaixo é apenas um close, o ninho é especialmente profundo, por isso o leve desfoque nos ovos: para dar noção de profundidade. O foco dos quatro cantos da caixa está bem ajustada para dar noção tridimensional do objeto:
https://image.nostr.build/24e5dcdd0e5a3560b341fe4f0d0d93b7d562f2d58054ac308a8e312c2707100c.jpg
O PRIMEIRO QUADRO DO ROLO
Na fotografia analógica cada rolo de filme nos dá pelo menos um tipo de fotografia artística bem específica. Se trata do primeiro quadro do rolo, onde ocorre uma parcial sobre-exposição. Isso se deve a incidência da luz diretamente no filme quando estamos carregando a máquina com o filme. A maioria das máquinas analógicas somente começa a contar os fotogramas após alguns disparos para evitar isso. Cabe ao fotógrafo saber aproveitar os fotogramas existentes antes do número 1, enquadrando a cena normalmente e disparando antes do número 1. Os resultados são quase imprevisíveis e geralmente interessantes.
Abaixo uma fotografia analógica fantástica porque quase sempre a sobre-exposição do primeiro quadro do rolo ocorre nas extremidades da foto e nessa aí ocorreu no meio. Para conseguir esse efeito carreguei a máquina no escuro e acendi a luz no exato momento que estava fechando a tampa da câmera. Por uma fração de segundo o primeiro quadro do rolo foi exposto parcialmente a luz, sabia que iria ter uma fotografia diferente, jamais imaginei que a sobre-exposição iria sair no meio do fotograma, muito curioso:
https://image.nostr.build/a2e08aab686af64df949e83b4ff3b0a00952698a7a138412f7753ebc0dd63d1f.jpg
Na fotografia abaixo repeti o mesmo processo anterior. Como o tempo entre acender a luz e fechar da máquina foi diferente a sobre-exposição ficou bem visível na extremidade da foto. Especial destaque para sua incidência no lado direito, quando deveria incidir no lado esquerdo, pois na Canon T50 o filme roda da esquerda para direita. Essa aparente inversão de lados se deu porque fotografei com a máquina de cabeça para baixo:
https://image.nostr.build/270681be8de71b6c833507dda6bfe4b5233c9b871aa97ea8fc2ebdcdd46a682a.jpg
FOTOS DE AÇÃO
Registrar uma ação com fotografia analógica é especialmente difícil se a máquina não calcula a abertura e tempo de exposição automaticamente, porque tudo acontece muito rápido e você não tem tempo de ficar pensando. Felizmente a Canon T50 é muito boa para esse tipo de fotografia, tive que me preocupar apenas com o foco. O que essa máquina me fez suar para fazer as duplas exposições acima, tirou de letra esse memorável momento, vamos ver:
Na foto abaixo quando avistei esse grupo de corajosos saltando de paraglider corri pedir autorização para fotografá-los e rapidamente carreguei a máquina. Comecei a fotografar mesmo antes da máquina registrar o primeiro fotograma do rolo, tendo obtido esse lindo efeito de sobre-exposição de primeiro quadro do rolo:
https://image.nostr.build/8e32e22d3bf7c897d7111e85555146e38bb139985c50b2795fe809b31880c7d8.jpg
Já a foto abaixo foi a terceira do rolo. Tomei o cuidado de enquadrar tanto a alçada de vôo do paraglider quanto essa linda Veraneio, o que descreve em uma única foto o espírito aventureiro do pessoal. Reparem no sol refletindo sobre as nuvens, que lindo tudo:
https://image.nostr.build/5bf0444e4621406d858ab70725c1ee2f6a7e39b87663e23a18085a32b9a06f6a.jpg
Na foto abaixo tive que registrar mais uma dessa linda Veraneio, sou apaixonado por motores e mecânica, ela quase roubou a cena kkkk. Especial destaque para o detalhe do carro e da câmera que a fotografou serem da mesma época, sensível retorno ao passado. Verdadeira máquina do tempo essa foto. Se eu não dissesse que esta foto foi tirada no final do ano de 2020 daria para dizer que foi uma foto tirada de uma Veraneio Zero Km da época, segredinho nosso, kkk.
https://image.nostr.build/f5284ff30986ad84d22f137e0a330067f91564907da8acf04c9eb93a991cbcf2.jpg
Na foto abaixo voltando à cena, agora do Ângulo certo kkk. Esse foi a segunda foto, perceba ainda a presença do efeito de sobre-exposição do primeiro quadro. Aqui a máquina estava marcando o primeiro fotograma, tadinha kkk
https://image.nostr.build/5c1d73f7d802fd1f730427e29f921c82e410c5dce3112a3133d6fce294d310c6.jpg
Na foto abaixo a luz estava perfeita, o sol iluminava atrás de mim, incidindo frontalmente para o enquadramento da foto, linda essa:
https://image.nostr.build/156fc878dd18257ad1f59d1b5d3fd719c7e773937356fad6ea09b0ce1f151f12.jpg
Paraglider quase em posição de vôo, a foto ficou quase perfeita porque o momento em tela era a Hora de Ouro, momento do entardecer quando a posição do sol deixa o céu dourado, fenômeno muito querido pelos fotógrafos analógicos; até pelos digitais também. Mesmo assim eu não estava satisfeito, queria fotografar mais de perto. Dei zoom correndo para frente e o resultado você vê abaixo:
https://image.nostr.build/b1f610695bd57db8abe7408df318978b6e69e85fe620a589b12fb9bcaae66156.jpg
Abaixo a fotografia analógica simplesmente perfeita, sol na posição certa, hora de ouro, perfeito enquadramento e foco, tudo certo, universo conspirando à favor… ganhei o dia sem saber. Só descobri depois que revelei. O chão não foi cortado é que o piloto do paraglider já estava no desnível do chão pronto para saltar:
https://image.nostr.build/93a7e416d11c996b65a32b019667a43124d96985109d34fd1a9b239ef365bbfe.jpg
Abaixo O salto… tive que correr para o barranco para dar zoom, outra foto perfeita na hora de ouro:
https://image.nostr.build/f254c2e71863a233816b517564dd5fb7fe85ee0bd927b02687fba43bde53dcd6.jpg
FOTOGRAFIA ANALÓGICA DE ANIMAIS
É especialmente difícil fazer um animal posar para gente, temos que ter um pouco de comida pra negociar kkk. Não fosse a Canon T50 calcular a exposição sozinha seria ainda mais difícil porque os momentos são muito rápidos e você não tem tempo para regular a abertura e tempo de exposição, tive que regular apenas o foco. Mais um ponto para essa notável máquina que me fez apanhar na dupla exposição acima. A fotografia analógica de animais também é um tipo de fotografia de ação, temos que ser rápidos no gatilho, vamos ver os resultados:
Abaixo novamente dei zoom chegando bem perto, fotógrafo de verdade não tem medo, tudo pela arte!
https://image.nostr.build/5f0af116b1fd81edb3f21dfd5d7cce6c534751ac8660bd5fb58ce08c652d8aaf.jpg
Abaixo foco no segundo plano, acabei pegando os dois de perfil:
https://image.nostr.build/fbd78fcf71749569444d3438e0d5283d321fc3f3350cacc6e4a3e9a0cdc914f5.jpg
Abaixo foco no segundo plano. Aqui peguei os dois olhando para mim e dizendo xiiiis, kkk.
https://image.nostr.build/3a1f50ee1e3c6213b337654e69ee23819ab60100c8a1a049ee0b2b66fac0d8f8.jpg
Abaixo podemos comprovar que o fotômetro da Canon T50 é matricial e não pontual, porque o centro da foto tinha muito mais luz que os cantos:
https://image.nostr.build/11a8a5a7ff14a661755f04f743d70d3dd1a9d11e412791ce42f5cbf1da1c6be2.jpg
Abaixo linda foto: Cavalo da Montanha. Eu estava esperando a Hora de Ouro chegar, pena que quando chegou o modelo não quis mais ser fotografado kkk.
https://image.nostr.build/83429975966cb4b0e71e5e089651d4585513d823fea404014b0b78b21e859302.jpg
Abaixo lindo close de perfil com fundo totalmente desfocado. Preto absoluto, a fotometria esta certinha:
https://image.nostr.build/f36aed8fa89b6ba81dd77c7d3b32c24424483e626a9634cbadb16baf91427d66.jpg
Abaixo muita coisa acontecendo ao mesmo tempo: As galinhas comendo, o milho sendo jogado, a sombra do fotógrafo… Para obter essa foto joguei o milho para o alto e tive que ser tão rápido no gatilho quanto o Kid Morengueira. Você pode perceber na minha sombra que estou segurando apenas a câmera, o pote de milho já tinha voado longe kkk. Escolhi especialmente um dia ensolarado para que o fotômetro da Canon T50 usasse toda a velocidade possível no obturador, sendo possível congelar o milho no ar sem muito efeito borrão.
https://image.nostr.build/d566e46a8a3cba8855e80295910e5addb0a8aa7735093c9f93f129cac2379472.jpg
Abaixo galinha chocando numa roda de carro. Como amo animais e carros, para montar essa cena tive que forrar uma roda velha de carro para formar um ninho e esperar, esperar e esperar… No momento certo a Jurema se sentiu confiante para entrar na roda. Nem se incomodou com minha presença pois estava de papo cheio, pois é, também tive que negociar com a galinha, isso é a fotografia analógica de animais kkk. Percebam novamente que o fotômetro da Canon T50 é matricial, pois a maior parte da foto era com pouca luz e o raio de sol que entrava estourou a foto. Percebam ainda como eu estava perto da galinha, pois foquei em sua cabeça e o resto do corpo que estava um pouco mais distante saiu desfocado. Certamente a câmera estava com abertura máxima f1.8 e com uma velocidade bem lenta, o que explica a baixa profundidade de campo. Além disso se a Jurema tivesse mexido a cabeça na hora do disparo certamente teria saído um borrão por causa da baixa velocidade. Acabou saindo tudo certo e meus dias de espera por essa foto não foram em vão.
https://image.nostr.build/d7484609c8ff9be05ee6d518def402f66484a02109dc96ef5c734b11216385bf.jpg
FOTOGRAFIA ANALÓGICA DE ARQUITETURA
Na fotografia analógica de arquitetura devemos conhecer os conceitos básicos de iluminação e preenchimento, trabalhamos apenas com luz natural e deve ser bem usada para termos a noção tridimensional da construção. Conforme ensina Fernando Bagnola, a tridimensionalidade do objeto depende da incidência da luz em três pontos diferentes e com intensidades diferentes, algo difícil de se obter apenas com a luz do sol, vamos ver:
Abaixo se trata do Museu do Olho em Curitiba/PR. Como sua parte frontal é escura e o sol se posicionava atrás da construção tive de me posicional na sua lateral, assim consegui obter um resultado tridimensional, pois o sol iluminava a parte de cima, refletia na parte de baixo em menor intensidade e na parte frontal quase não havia luz. Se eu estivesse posicionando na frente da construção o efeito tridimensional seria impossível:
https://image.nostr.build/6f74c1c7e606f7950eaf45007868b92e9a0288722b3d5e580ecaa4930700e3ea.jpg
Abaixo para minha sorte, nesse exato momento um grupo de jovens contracultura (assim como eu) passavam pelo local, tornando a foto icônica pela presença de jovens modernos contracultura contrastando com arquitetura moderna da cultura tradicional. Minha posição em relação ao sol também favoreceu o sucesso desta fotografia, tendo iluminado corretamente todos os pontos de interesse:
https://image.nostr.build/7c374205d7df21985a6a71c6c17e4f67ab29baf452f0cd406b869df94d68296c.jpg
Abaixo esse aqui é um exemplo de fotografia analógica arquitetônica errada. O enquadramento foi frontal em razão do desejo de captar o reflexo dos edifícios nos vidros negros do “olho”:
https://image.nostr.build/f9a0869a165bc7e634944c01e59085203347ab6c353610bdcaace30ee3ed8d8a.jpg
Abaixo se trata do Panteon dos Heroes na Lapa/PR um monumento erguido para guardar os corpos dos soldados das forças republicanas que pereceram durante o chamado Cerco da Lapa, batalha da Revolução Federalista de 1894. Aqui o dia estava nublado, momento perfeito para fotografar uma arquitetura tão triste como essa. Não me importei com a questão tridimensional, pois era impossível, não havia sol. Quis retratar a tristeza na foto. O filme usado foi o mesmo (Kodak Pro Image 100). Aqui percebemos que a química desse filme é ajustada para a luz amarela do sol como branco absoluto, como o céu estava nublado, a luz natural estava com temperatura mais fria o que puxou o tom mais para o azul e o roxeado da foto devem ter sido os raios ultravioleta. Se eu estivesse usando um filtro ultravioleta provavelmente a foto sairia mais acinzentada. Me recordo que nesse dia estava tudo cinza. De qualquer forma adorei esse tom arroxeado da foto. Fica a dica: conseguimos o mesmo efeito de um filme Lomochrome Purple caríssimo com um filme baratinho, basta fotografar nessas condições:
https://image.nostr.build/24f91369c12e83861f7eec38ff99f1869f08ae1eec06c798ccbe08af62263a2e.jpg
Abaixo novamente o tom arrocheado com um filme barato. Para se ter uma ideia um Lomochrome Purple costuma custar seis vezes ou mais que um que o Kodak Pro Image 100 de R$ 30,00 à R$ 40,00 na data da publicação deste artigo em 09/04/21. Percebam que no momento desta foto as nuvens deram uma trégua e alguns raios de sol passaram dando uma leve noção tridimensional da arquitetura. O certo seria eu estar um pouco mais à esquerda para aproveitar bem a iluminação. Mesmo assim, me senti feliz com a triste foto kkk pois mesmo com a luz amarela do sol refletindo o efeito Lomo-Violeta ocorreu:
https://image.nostr.build/099a1a4d7857325e59f5b35805c0ebb5c3fa55af45de2096236f1dfbadca4d4a.jpg
Abaixo parece que a foto está mal enquadrada. E está mesmo. É que no lado direito havia um poste de energia elétrica muito feio, eu não queria que aparecesse. Me preocupei apenas com a iluminação e obtive sucesso com a noção de profundidade da arquitetura. A foto está puxando para o amarelo porque a Universidade Federal do Paraná em Curitiba é meio amarela mesmo.
https://image.nostr.build/48a4d517488fc1656e027568ad314688bc0fd9995e67289003f832eb904e5260.jpg
Abaixo para finalizar o conjunto de fotografias analógicas arquitetônicas nada melhor que um cemitério, afinal todos vamos morrer um dia, devemos sempre lembrar disso para fazer nossas vidas mundanas valerem a pena. Quando morremos não levamos nada a não ser nossas experiências evolucionais, nossas graças e pecados. Devemos deixar um legado, algo positivo para quem fica. Pois bem, foi nesse contexto a foto. Para mim a morte deve ser evitada. Quando ocorrer, se fizermos tudo certo vamos para luz, as trevas são aqui na terra mesmo. Portanto, ao contrário da maioria dos fotógrafos, escolhi um dia ensolarado para fotografar ali. Quis simbolizar a luz que nos aguarda após a morte. Então me posicionei dentro do cemitério para fotografar de dentro para fora. Esperei o sol se posicionar de forma que dos portões para fora houvesse pouca luz, tal como é o mundo, deixando toda a iluminação para dentro dos portões. Percebam como pequenos detalhes fazem toda a diferença numa fotografia analógica artística. Essa foto pode perfeitamente ser usada para ilustrar qualquer material que corrobore com esse pensamento. Se eu quisesse retratar que a vida é mil maravilhas e a morte um triste fim, deveria estar do lado de fora dos portões com tudo iluminado exceto o interior do cemitério. Interessante não…
https://image.nostr.build/051592db1d3612c719621547a69bc8dfd0319d6b89656451d5b60582ae864e8e.jpg
FOTOGRAFIA ANALÓGICA DE PESSOAS
Basicamente se divide em dois tipos, a cena e o retrato. Na cena a pessoa posa para a foto sem contudo revelar sua personalidade, é uma cena criada artificialmente. Já o retrato, no conceito artístico da fotografia, ocorre quando conseguimos captar o interior da pessoa. Por exemplo: se for uma pessoa triste ela aparecerá com semblante triste, se for uma pessoa alegre com semblante alegre, não necessariamente sorrido. Se for uma pessoa sofrida suas rugas, desasseios e receios ficarão visíveis. Se for uma pessoa engraçada sentiremos vontade de rir ao ver seu retrato. O retrato é algo verdadeiro e espontâneo da pessoa. Se uma pessoa triste aparece sorrido não é um retrato e sim uma cena, vamos ver:
Abaixo normalmente na fotografia analógica de pessoas o correto é deixar o segundo plano mais escuro e o primeiro plano mais claro. Ai quis fazer diferente. Pedi para o modelo (Meu Melhor Amigo) se posicionar de costas para o sol, pois já tinha avistado aquele arco-íris no fundo. Nesse caso foi um retrato pois meu amigo apareceu sorrindo sem eu pedir e sei que ele é uma pessoa feliz e engraçada, pois vive contando piadas e seu repertório é infinito. O interessante é que esse não é um retrato comum e sim um retrato artístico, pois inverti a iluminação dos planos e ainda captei uma arco-íris, foi uma cena construida para um retrato, ideia antagônica para fotografia analógica de pessoas. Como resultado obtive uma fotografia que parece uma montagem, onde a imagem do modelo ter-se-ia sido colada sobre a paisagem, tamanha foi a diferença de iluminação entre o primeiro e segundo plano. Contudo, um pequeno raio de sol que incidiu sobre o canteiro inferior esquerdo não me deixa mentir que a fotografia é autêntica. Além disso tendo os negativos que não mentem kkk. Essa foi minha fotografia preferida de pessoas, pela qualidade do resultado artístico e pela pessoa do modelo, um abração amigo! Vou chamar essa foto de “Meu Parça na Praça”:
https://image.nostr.build/51db1df7741227dc2d86529bc9e7a93cf27365f0f2d7b591a4e84a9a05855dfb.jpg
Abaixo sou eu. Se trata apenas de uma cena simples porque minha expressão não aparece e sequer minhas roupas traduziam minha personalidade. Regulei o foco da máquina para 5 metros, entreguei-a para meu amigo e contei alguns passos para trás. Não me preocupei muito em acertar minha posição em exatos 5 metros porque o dia estava bem ensolarado e sabia qua a Canon T50 iria abrir pouco o diafragma por causa disso, o que aumentou a profundidade de campo consideravelmente. Podemos perceber no fundo a Universidade Federal do Paraná sem qualquer desfoque por causa disso. O maldito poste que tentei evitar na foto arquitetônica da UFPR acima acabou aparecendo aqui, mesmo assim gostei da foto pelo tom de cores que só a fotografia analógica nos dá.
https://image.nostr.build/ce8af555274333fa8a26375247373ca92315e87d7414bcc9ad7b5a4840cb3a21.jpg
FOTOGRAFIA ANELÓGICA DE OBJETOS
A fotografia analógica de objetos, assim como a arquitetônica, deve se obedecer os conceitos básicos de iluminação para obter noção tridimensional do objeto. Além disso, a cena montada deve combinar com o objeto para entrar em sintonia com o conceito natural de beleza, vamos ver:
Abaixo queria fotografar um objeto qualquer, então peguei essa faca. Esse objeto combina muito bem com o ambiente rústico do campo, então a finquei-a num toco de árvore com vista para o campo, tomando cuidado para ela ficar levemente torcida e dar a noção tridimensional. Naturalmente a foto ornou porque o objeto esta em sintonia com a cena. Essa deve ser a combinação da fotografia analógica de objetos, por exemplo. A não ser que o fotógrafo busque justamente causar repudia invertendo a combinação do objeto com a cena. Por exemplo: para causar nojo pode-se fotografar barro em formato de cocô num prato. Merda e comida são coisas totalmente opostas e essa inversão naturalmente é perturbadora para qualquer ser humano. Existe uma lógica natural de combinação de objetos com a cena. Enfim, podemos inclusive combinar mais de um objeto secundário para criar uma cena ao objeto principal, como veremos mais abaixo com a xícara de café:
https://image.nostr.build/6474901ce85d34aef3421ce5f720e258208c50aeb57e9893c8a750c6dc8fc1df.jpg
Na foto abaixo o objeto principal é uma caneca de café. Para criar a cena utilizei outros três objetos. O palheiro que combina com café, a tampa da objetiva da minha Canon T50 que combina com o efeito da cafeína para pensar mais rápido sobre as cenas que irei montar, e o vazo de suculenta que remete a algo mais áspero e amargo como o café e o palheiro. Se o objeto principal fosse um copo de milkshake no lugar do palheiro haveriam balas coloridas, no lugar da tampa da máquina haveria um guardanapo e no lugar da suculenta haveria um flor fofa e cor de rosa. Falando em flor vou encerrar este ensaio com o tópico sobre fotografia analógica de flores para deixar todos felizes no final:
https://image.nostr.build/8e95c6bae536cfea47e3c5d44aa63725ab8fe20eacd1c6d5eeaae1720dd0a9e5.jpg
FOTOGRAFIA ANELÓGICA DE FLORES
É um tipo de fotografia livre da fotografia analógica, sem muitas preocupações para o fotógrafo analógico, devemos atentar apenas para a vivacidade das cores e para isso o dia deve estar especialmente ensolarado. Se for fotografia interna de preferência usar luz quente (amarela), o resto é só diversão, vamos ver:
https://image.nostr.build/fc8cf663300794761b0d8dc6f1a765e3a423c65a4ad4a85a7885b00716b46533.jpg
https://image.nostr.build/dc4fbe15a7b46817d66bdbeb3d0e11851999b2c1292c576fd457956436e75c77.jpg
https://image.nostr.build/73fa3b1b30a088954b342294e1b0aa555a693c3ad425dea9807d2238ec529747.jpg
Viva a fotografia analógica!
Se você deseja fazer um ensaio artístico com fotografia analógia comigo entre em contato e terei o prazer de agendar o serviço.
-
@ 3f770d65:7a745b24
2024-12-31 17:03:46
Here are my predictions for Nostr in 2025:
**Decentralization:** The outbox and inbox communication models, sometimes referred to as the Gossip model, will become the standard across the ecosystem. By the end of 2025, all major clients will support these models, providing seamless communication and enhanced decentralization. Clients that do not adopt outbox/inbox by then will be regarded as outdated or legacy systems.
**Privacy Standards:** Major clients such as Damus and Primal will move away from NIP-04 DMs, adopting more secure protocol possibilities like NIP-17 or NIP-104. These upgrades will ensure enhanced encryption and metadata protection. Additionally, NIP-104 MLS tools will drive the development of new clients and features, providing users with unprecedented control over the privacy of their communications.
**Interoperability:** Nostr's ecosystem will become even more interconnected. Platforms like the Olas image-sharing service will expand into prominent clients such as Primal, Damus, Coracle, and Snort, alongside existing integrations with Amethyst, Nostur, and Nostrudel. Similarly, audio and video tools like Nostr Nests and Zap.stream will gain seamless integration into major clients, enabling easy participation in live events across the ecosystem.
**Adoption and Migration:** Inspired by early pioneers like Fountain and Orange Pill App, more platforms will adopt Nostr for authentication, login, and social systems. In 2025, a significant migration from a high-profile application platform with hundreds of thousands of users will transpire, doubling Nostr’s daily activity and establishing it as a cornerstone of decentralized technologies.
-
@ b17fccdf:b7211155
2024-12-29 12:04:31
#### **🆕 What's changed:**
-----------
- [New bonus guide dedicated to install/upgrade/uninstall PostgreSQL](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/postgresql)
- [Modified the LND guide to use PostgreSQL instead of bbolt](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client)
- [Modified the Nostr relay guide to use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite (experimental)](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/nostr-relay#configuration)
- [Modified the BTCPay Server bonus guide according to these changes](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/btcpay-server)
- Used the [lndinit MiniBolt org fork](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/lndinit), to add an [extra section to migrate an existing LND bbolt database to PostgreSQL](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) (🚨⚠️[Experimental](https://github.com/lightninglabs/lndinit/pull/21) - use it behind your responsibility⚠️🚨)
- [New Golang bonus guide](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/go) as a common language for the [lndinit compile](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql)
- [Updated LND to v0.18](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#download-binaries)
- [New Bitcoin Core extra section to renovate Tor & I2P addresses](https://v2.minibolt.info/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoin-client#renovate-your-bitcoin-core-tor-and-i2p-addresses)
- [New Bitcoin Core extra section to generate a full `bitcoin.conf` file](https://v2.minibolt.info/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoin-client#generate-a-full-bitcoin.conf-example-file)
- [Rebuilt some homepage sections and general structure](https://v2.minibolt.info/)
- Deleted the `$` symbol of the commands to easy copy-paste to the terminal
- [Deleted the initial incoming and the outgoing rules configuration of UFW, due to it being by default](https://v2.minibolt.info/system/system/security)
🪧 PD: If you want to use the old database backend of the LND or Nostr relay, follow the next extra sections:
- [Use the default bbolt database backend for the LND](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#use-the-default-bbolt-database-backend)
- [Use the default SQLite database backend for the Nostr relay](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/nostr-relay#use-the-default-sqlite-database-backend)
⚠️**Attention**⚠️: [The migration process](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) was tested on testnet mode from an existing bbolt database backend to a new PostgreSQL database using lndinit and the results were successful. However, It wasn't tested on mainnet, [according to the developer](https://github.com/lightninglabs/lndinit/pull/21), it is in experimental status which could damage your existing LND database.🚨 Use it behind your responsibility 🧼
**🔧 PR related**: https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/pull/93
-----------
#### ♻️ Migrate the PostgreSQL database location
**If you installed [NBXplorer + BTCPay Server](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/btcpay-server)**, it is probably you have the database of the PostgreSQL cluster on the default path (`/var/lib/postgresql/16/main/`), follow the next instructions to migrate it to the new dedicated location on `/data/postgresdb` folder:
* With user `admin` create the dedicated PostgreSQL data folder
```
sudo mkdir /data/postgresdb
```
* Assign as the owner to the `postgres` user
```
sudo chown postgres:postgres /data/postgresdb
```
* Assign permissions of the data folder only to the `postgres` user
```
sudo chmod -R 700 /data/postgresdb
```
* Stop NBXplorer and BTCPay Server
```
sudo systemctl stop nbxplorer && sudo systemctl stop btcpayserver
```
* Stop PostgreSQL
```
sudo systemctl stop postgresql
```
* Use the rsync command to copy all files from the existing database on (`/var/lib/postgresql/16/main`) to the new destination directory (`/data/postgresdb`)
```
sudo rsync -av /var/lib/postgresql/16/main/ /data/postgresdb/
```
Expected output:
```
sending incremental file list
./
PG_VERSION
postgresql.auto.conf
postmaster.opts
postmaster.pid
base/
base/1/
base/1/112
base/1/113
base/1/1247
base/1/1247_fsm
base/1/1247_vm
base/1/1249
base/1/1249_fsm
base/1/1249_vm
[...]
pg_wal/000000010000000000000009
pg_wal/archive_status/
pg_xact/
pg_xact/0000
sent 164,483,875 bytes received 42,341 bytes 36,561,381.33 bytes/sec
total size is 164,311,368 speedup is 1.00
```
* Edit the PostgreSQL data directory on configuration, to redirect the store to the new location
```
sudo nano /etc/postgresql/16/main/postgresql.conf --linenumbers
```
* Replace the line 42 to this. Save and exit
```
data_directory = '/data/postgresdb'
```
* Start PostgreSQL to apply changes and monitor the correct status of the main instance and sub-instance monitoring sessions before
```
sudo systemctl start postgresql
```
* You can monitor the PostgreSQL main instance by the systemd journal and check the log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit the monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C
```
journalctl -fu postgresql
```
Example of the expected output:
```
Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL RDBMS.
Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL RDBMS...
Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS...
Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS.
```
* You can monitor the PostgreSQL sub-instance by the systemd journal and check log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C
```
journalctl -fu postgresql@16-main
```
Example of the expected output:
```
Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main...
Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Succeeded.
Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main.
Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Consumed 1h 10min 8.677s CPU time.
Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main...
Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main.
```
* Start NBXplorer and BTCPay Server again
```
sudo systemctl start nbxplorer && sudo systemctl start btcpayserver
```
* Monitor to make sure everything is as you left it. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C
```
journalctl -fu nbxplorer
```
```
journalctl -fu btcpayserver
```
Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙
-
@ a367f9eb:0633efea
2024-12-22 21:35:22
I’ll admit that I was wrong about Bitcoin. Perhaps in 2013. Definitely 2017. Probably in 2018-2019. And maybe even today.
Being wrong about Bitcoin is part of finally understanding it. It will test you, make you question everything, and in the words of BTC educator and privacy advocate [Matt Odell](https://twitter.com/ODELL), “Bitcoin will humble you”.
I’ve had my own stumbles on the way.
In a very public fashion in 2017, after years of using Bitcoin, trying to start a company with it, using it as my primary exchange vehicle between currencies, and generally being annoying about it at parties, I let out the bear.
In an article published in my own literary magazine *Devolution Review* in September 2017, I had a breaking point. The article was titled “[Going Bearish on Bitcoin: Cryptocurrencies are the tulip mania of the 21st century](https://www.devolutionreview.com/bearish-on-bitcoin/)”.
It was later republished in *Huffington Post* and across dozens of financial and crypto blogs at the time with another, more appropriate title: “[Bitcoin Has Become About The Payday, Not Its Potential](https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/bitcoin-has-become-about-the-payday-not-its-potential_ca_5cd5025de4b07bc72973ec2d)”.
As I laid out, my newfound bearishness had little to do with the technology itself or the promise of Bitcoin, and more to do with the cynical industry forming around it:
> In the beginning, Bitcoin was something of a revolution to me. The digital currency represented everything from my rebellious youth.
>
> It was a decentralized, denationalized, and digital currency operating outside the traditional banking and governmental system. It used tools of cryptography and connected buyers and sellers across national borders at minimal transaction costs.
>
> …
>
> The 21st-century version (of Tulip mania) has welcomed a plethora of slick consultants, hazy schemes dressed up as investor possibilities, and too much wishy-washy language for anything to really make sense to anyone who wants to use a digital currency to make purchases.
While I called out Bitcoin by name at the time, on reflection, I was really talking about the ICO craze, the wishy-washy consultants, and the altcoin ponzis.
What I was articulating — without knowing it — was the frame of NgU, or “numbers go up”. Rather than advocating for Bitcoin because of its uncensorability, proof-of-work, or immutability, the common mentality among newbies and the dollar-obsessed was that Bitcoin mattered because its price was a rocket ship.
And because Bitcoin was gaining in price, affinity tokens and projects that were imperfect forks of Bitcoin took off as well.
The price alone — rather than its qualities — were the reasons why you’d hear Uber drivers, finance bros, or your gym buddy mention Bitcoin. As someone who came to Bitcoin for philosophical reasons, that just sat wrong with me.
Maybe I had too many projects thrown in my face, or maybe I was too frustrated with the UX of Bitcoin apps and sites at the time. No matter what, I’ve since learned something.
**I was at least somewhat wrong.**
My own journey began in early 2011. One of my favorite radio programs, Free Talk Live, began interviewing guests and having discussions on the potential of Bitcoin. They tied it directly to a libertarian vision of the world: free markets, free people, and free banking. That was me, and I was in. Bitcoin was at about $5 back then (NgU).
I followed every article I could, talked about it with guests [on my college radio show](https://libertyinexile.wordpress.com/2011/05/09/osamobama_on_the_tubes/), and became a devoted redditor on r/Bitcoin. At that time, at least to my knowledge, there was no possible way to buy Bitcoin where I was living. Very weak.
**I was probably wrong. And very wrong for not trying to acquire by mining or otherwise.**
The next year, after moving to Florida, Bitcoin was a heavy topic with a friend of mine who shared the same vision (and still does, according to the Celsius bankruptcy documents). We talked about it with passionate leftists at **Occupy Tampa** in 2012, all the while trying to explain the ills of Keynesian central banking, and figuring out how to use Coinbase.
I began writing more about Bitcoin in 2013, writing a guide on “[How to Avoid Bank Fees Using Bitcoin](http://thestatelessman.com/2013/06/03/using-bitcoin/),” discussing its [potential legalization in Germany](https://yael.ca/2013/10/01/lagefi-alternative-monetaire-et-legislation-de/), and interviewing Jeremy Hansen, [one of the first political candidates in the U.S. to accept Bitcoin donations](https://yael.ca/2013/12/09/bitcoin-politician-wants-to-upgrade-democracy-in/).
Even up until that point, I thought Bitcoin was an interesting protocol for sending and receiving money quickly, and converting it into fiat. The global connectedness of it, plus this cypherpunk mentality divorced from government control was both useful and attractive. I thought it was the perfect go-between.
**But I was wrong.**
When I gave my [first public speech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtVypq2f0G4) on Bitcoin in Vienna, Austria in December 2013, I had grown obsessed with Bitcoin’s adoption on dark net markets like Silk Road.
My theory, at the time, was the number and price were irrelevant. The tech was interesting, and a novel attempt. It was unlike anything before. But what was happening on the dark net markets, which I viewed as the true free market powered by Bitcoin, was even more interesting. I thought these markets would grow exponentially and anonymous commerce via BTC would become the norm.
While the price was irrelevant, it was all about buying and selling goods without permission or license.
**Now I understand I was wrong.**
Just because Bitcoin was this revolutionary technology that embraced pseudonymity did not mean that all commerce would decentralize as well. It did not mean that anonymous markets were intended to be the most powerful layer in the Bitcoin stack.
What I did not even anticipate is something articulated very well by noted Bitcoin OG [Pierre Rochard](https://twitter.com/BitcoinPierre): [Bitcoin as a *savings technology*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BavRqEoaxjI)*.*
The ability to maintain long-term savings, practice self-discipline while stacking stats, and embrace a low-time preference was just not something on the mind of the Bitcoiners I knew at the time.
Perhaps I was reading into the hype while outwardly opposing it. Or perhaps I wasn’t humble enough to understand the true value proposition that many of us have learned years later.
In the years that followed, I bought and sold more times than I can count, and I did everything to integrate it into passion projects. I tried to set up a company using Bitcoin while at my university in Prague.
My business model depended on university students being technologically advanced enough to have a mobile wallet, own their keys, and be able to make transactions on a consistent basis. Even though I was surrounded by philosophically aligned people, those who would advance that to actually put Bitcoin into practice were sparse.
This is what led me to proclaim that “[Technological Literacy is Doomed](https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/technological-literacy-is-doomed_b_12669440)” in 2016.
**And I was wrong again.**
Indeed, since that time, the UX of Bitcoin-only applications, wallets, and supporting tech has vastly improved and onboarded millions more people than anyone thought possible. The entrepreneurship, coding excellence, and vision offered by Bitcoiners of all stripes have renewed a sense in me that this project is something built for us all — friends and enemies alike.
While many of us were likely distracted by flashy and pumpy altcoins over the years (me too, champs), most of us have returned to the Bitcoin stable.
Fast forward to today, there are entire ecosystems of creators, activists, and developers who are wholly reliant on the magic of Bitcoin’s protocol for their life and livelihood. The options are endless. The FUD is still present, but real proof of work stands powerfully against those forces.
In addition, there are now [dozens of ways to use Bitcoin privately](https://fixthemoney.substack.com/p/not-your-keys-not-your-coins-claiming) — still without custodians or intermediaries — that make it one of the most important assets for global humanity, especially in dictatorships.
This is all toward a positive arc of innovation, freedom, and pure independence. Did I see that coming? Absolutely not.
Of course, there are probably other shots you’ve missed on Bitcoin. Price predictions (ouch), the short-term inflation hedge, or the amount of institutional investment. While all of these may be erroneous predictions in the short term, we have to realize that Bitcoin is a long arc. It will outlive all of us on the planet, and it will continue in its present form for the next generation.
**Being wrong about the evolution of Bitcoin is no fault, and is indeed part of the learning curve to finally understanding it all.**
When your family or friends ask you about Bitcoin after your endless sessions explaining market dynamics, nodes, how mining works, and the genius of cryptographic signatures, try to accept that there is still so much we have to learn about this decentralized digital cash.
There are still some things you’ve gotten wrong about Bitcoin, and plenty more you’ll underestimate or get wrong in the future. That’s what makes it a beautiful journey. It’s a long road, but one that remains worth it.
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-12-20 09:34:08
That game went pretty well. I made two last-second decisions, one to start Gus Edwards in the .5 PPR Steak League over Elijah Moore, and he got me two TDs, so that was good. The other was to bench Wil Lutz (who I have everywhere) for Jake Elliott in the probably drawing dead playoff NFFC league. Lutz had 12.6 points, thanks to that last 55-yard field goal, so that was probably a mistake.
I also nearly swapped in Javonte Williams for Rhamondre Stevenson, but changed my mind at the last second. Williams had 12.3 points (on 11 targets!), but that was the right move because though Stevenson could get less, I need 200-point weeks back to back, so I’d rather have the guy who hasn’t played yet than anything under 15-20. (I did have Ladd McConkey going, and he got 14.7 which is a little light too.)
I took the Chargers -2.5 in Circa, and that came through, though I idiotically forgot to enter the Thursday night pick in my home picking pool. Imagine, I was agonizing over all these decisions for drawing dead teams, yet forgot to make a pick in the pool where I can still win some money if I have the best week. I was almost rooting against the Chargers to undo that mistake.
FWIW I only watched the highlights of the game, couldn’t bring myself to do the 40-minute version of what I expected to be a dull, smashmouth Thursday night game.
- The Broncos seem like all scheming, no consistency. Like they’ll break a big play, or misdirect, or some random guy like Marvin Mims will make a play, but you have no sense of who they are or what they’re doing, drive in and drive out, or game in and game out. Javonte Williams got 11 targets, and they threw to 10 different receivers.
- The Chargers just don’t throw to their backs now. Maybe it’s because those backs can’t catch (Edwards) or pass protect (Vidal?). Justin Herbert used to throw to Austin Ekeler more than anyone.
- Edwards is a poor man’s Derrick Henry, and I’m glad I timed him right this week for the Steak League where I’m still an eater, but only narrowly.
- All three Chargers receivers got exactly six targets. McConkey managed 87 yards, Josh Palmer 41 and Quentin Johnston 18. The Broncos are a tough defense for the passing game though.
- Neither team is going anywhere in the playoffs. The Chargers need one more playmaker on offense, while the Broncos need two.
- Damn, just realized I started Jonathan Cooper in the Steak League as my IDP DL player, and he got zero. WTF?
-
@ 1cb14ab3:95d52462
2024-12-17 19:24:54
*Originally written in October 2022 (Block: 757258 / USD: $20.1k / SatsDollar: 4961). Refined with slight edits for publishing on Nostr in December 2024 (Block: 875189 / USD: $106k / SatsDollar: 938 ). Banner image property of Hes. My journey down the rabbit hole has only intensified since the time of writing. Enjoy.*
---
The Bitcoin time perspective is wild. Reflecting on it has been profoundly eye-opening, and once it has been seen— there is no returning to our prior ways.
Ever since venturing down the rabbit hole that we call Bitcoin, I’ve started making significant life decisions and forming nuanced opinions on polarizing topics based on the implications of multi-generational timeframes. Before Bitcoin, I spent money recklessly, leading a fast-paced and impulsive lifestyle. Even in my early days of learning about Bitcoin, I hadn’t fully seen the light. I would still blow the occasional $500 bar tab or buy some flashy gadget I didn’t need. Living in the moment has its merits, but so does considering the time beyond our own lives. Now, I pause before purchases and decisions, always reflecting on how they might impact the future.
When your money isn’t constantly being devalued before your eyes, you start seeing the world differently. You begin saving for the future with confidence, knowing that no central authority can endlessly print away your hard-earned time and energy. Inflation doesn’t just erode purchasing power; it steals time. It destroys the hours, days, and years of effort represented by a lifetime of savings. When governments print money to prop up failing banks or fund inefficient ventures, the impact ripples through generations. Those at the bottom of the ladder are hit the hardest, their ability to save and plan for the future undermined by forces beyond their control. Decisions become focused on surviving today instead of thriving tomorrow, leaving little room to consider the long-term implications of our choices. This system creates a mindset where we are incentivized to spend now, instead of save for later—an unnatural phenomenon that most of us have accepted as normal.
For individuals who simply want to put away money for a rainy day, inflation is a relentless adversary. A dollar in 1900 has lost over 96% of its value. The countless hours of labor behind those savings have been stolen. Not only did the expansion of money destroy what they could buy, it stole our time and energy. Years of our lives—blood, sweat, and tears—washed away.
This isn’t just a historical problem—it’s a recurring one that occurs every decade or so and is accelerating. At an average inflation rate of 3%, the value of cash halves roughly every 23 years. This means that even modest inflation rates gradually diminish purchasing power over time, forcing individuals to chase speculative assets like stocks, real estate, and gold—not because they want to, but because they have no choice. Personal inflation rates differ depending on consumer habits, but a glance at rising prices reveals they often outpace the 2% annual rate reported by the government, which poses a significant problem for individua;s, as highlighted in the table below:
<aside>
**Inflation Rate (%)** | **Purchasing Power Halving (Years)**
- 2% | 35-40 years
- 3% | 20-25 years
- 4% | 15-20 years
- 5% | 10-15 years
- 6% | 7-12 years
- 7% | 5-10 years
- 8% | 4-8 years
- 9% | 3-6 years
- 10% | 2-5 years
</aside>
Corporations like McDonald’s understand this. Sitting on a prime corner lot in every major city is far smarter than stacking a pile of cash losing value. Even if the franchise is losing money, the building it operates in is guaranteed to “rise” in value over time. This mindset trickles down to everyday people. To protect themselves, they’re compelled to invest in assets—with real estate being the pinnacle savings instrument of our time. The financial system we’ve accepted as normal turns shelter into an investment vehicle and savings into a gamble.
But here’s the irony: real estate is a lousy store of value—which is what we are all truly seeking. Properties require constant maintenance. Without care, assets deteriorate. We’ve all seen abandoned theme parks and overgrown cities. We’ve all dealt with broken pipes and creaky floorboards. Why should saving our hard-earned wealth require us to become housing market experts, landlords, or property managers? Why should we pay financial advisors to manage stock portfolios full of companies whose values or practices we might not even believe in, just to beat inflation?
A flawed monetary system inflates bubbles in real estate and stocks, redirecting resources into speculative markets instead of productive investments. Imagine a world where people don’t have to read quarterly earnings reports after a long day of work to ensure their cash retains value. If the incentives driving these bubbles were removed, the financial landscape would dramatically shift. Inflation wouldn’t push people into markets like real estate or zombie companies; instead, they could focus on building or supporting businesses they genuinely care about. They could plan for the long term and make well-thought-out, rational decisions about their future.
Bitcoin takes this entire dynamic and flips it on its head. It isn’t a tool for speculation as often misunderstood. It is the best form of saving humanity has ever seen. Unlike fiat currencies, Bitcoin’s fixed supply ensures scarcity, making it a refuge from the erosion of wealth caused by inflation. As weak currencies flow into stronger ones (a concept known as Gresham’s Law), Bitcoin’s role as a store of value becomes clearer. It’s not that Bitcoin has “gone up 19,000%”—it’s that people are exchanging weaker money for stronger money.
The implications of a world on a Bitcoin standard extend far beyond monetary policy. It offers something unprecedented: a tool for transferring the value of labor and energy across time and space. Unlike fiat, Bitcoin allows time to be preserved across generations. It isn’t just a hedge against inflation—it reintroduces the idea of saving with confidence, of being able to store wealth in a form of money that cannot be manipulated or devalued.
By saving in Bitcoin, individuals are no longer tethered to the uncertainties of fiat systems. The Bitcoin time perspective is about aligning our actions today with the future we want to build tomorrow. It’s about prioritizing long-term impact over short-term gains. When you embrace Bitcoin, you embrace a mindset that values time, energy, and the well-being of future generations. It’s not just a currency; it’s a revolution in thinking that will change you forever. The past, present, and future converge in this new paradigm, offering hope in an otherwise uncertain world.
Bitcoin isn’t a bubble; it’s a beacon.
---
### More from Hes:
[Art](https://hes.npub.pro/tag/art/)
[Store](https://plebeian.market/p/517d6542a081d61ecd8900ad9e2640290e2cf06f516c5e5f3edadfbde446bff4/stall/1db0cdfe0e39c4bd81b903902eeda74e6aa0f0b56e30851f327e6d0c292c5c06)
[Travel Guides](https://hes.npub.pro/tag/travel/)
[Photography](https://hes.npub.pro/tag/photography)
-
@ 00cfe60d:2819cc65
2024-12-17 10:58:25
The Dodo was a bird native to the island of Mauritius that lost its ability to fly due to the favorable conditions of the island, which eventually led to its extinction. The island where the Dodo lived had few predators, which meant that the Dodo did not need to take refuge in the treetops for protection. Additionally, the abundance of fruits and seeds allowed it to feed with little effort.
**The Consequence of Lost Utility**
Flying is an activity that consumes a lot of energy, and since the Dodo had everything it needed on the ground, the need to fly gradually disappeared. Following the concept of the use/disuse theory, the Dodo eventually lost the ability to fly; its wings stopped developing, making it a terrestrial animal. With the arrival of humans and the introduction of new predators, such as pigs and rats, Dodo eggs became easy prey. Without the ability to fly up and build nests in trees, Dodos and their eggs became vulnerable targets, leading to their extinction.
The Dodo had no incentive to fly because it had everything it needed: food and safety. It didn't need to expend energy to survive. The same can happen with Bitcoin if it is not used. If we stop using it, it will become useless and eventually fade away.
**Bitcoin’s Monetary Premium: Perfectly Aligned Incentives**
The Bitcoin protocol thrives on a monetary system where incentives are perfectly aligned. Miners, who are responsible for validating transactions and securing the network, consume large amounts of electricity to generate new blocks and are rewarded for their work. This reward consists of two elements: the block subsidy and transaction fees. The block subsidy is a fixed amount of new bitcoins created and given to the miner who discovers a new block, serving as an incentive to keep the network secure. If miners work, they get rewarded; if they don’t, they don’t. In addition to the subsidy, they also receive the fees paid by those making Bitcoin transactions. In other words, the more people transact in BTC, the greater the compensation for miners.
The system is designed so that any miner attempting to add a fraudulent transaction would need to expend an immense amount of computational power and energy. The cost of trying to deceive the network is so high that it becomes economically unfeasible. Following the rules is the only rational choice, which ensures that the incentives for honest behavior are perfectly aligned across the network.
Approximately every 210,000 blocks, or about every 4 years, the block subsidy is halved — an event known as the halving. This reduction will continue until the subsidy reaches zero, at which point miners will be rewarded solely by transaction fees.
If no one uses Bitcoin for its intended purpose, there will be fewer transactions, lower fees, and less return for miners, leading to a misalignment of incentives. Why would miners spend so much energy for such low rewards? The same thing happened to the Dodo, and the same can happen to Bitcoin if we don’t use it.
**From “Don’t Sell” to “Use Your Bitcoin”**
Instead of saying “Don’t sell your Bitcoin,” we should evolve to: “Use your Bitcoin.” By actively using Bitcoin, you help maintain its value, increase its utility, and keep the incentives aligned for everyone in the network — from miners to users.
Here are a few practical ways you can start using Bitcoin today:
- Shop at merchants who accept Bitcoin: Use resources like BTCmap to find nearby businesses that accept BTC, and make your payments with Bitcoin instead of traditional currencies. Supporting these businesses encourages more adoption.
- Offer your services or products for Bitcoin: If you run a business, provide freelance services, or sell goods, make Bitcoin a payment option. The Strike wallet is an easy-to-use solution to start accepting Bitcoin payments.
- Run your own Bitcoin node: By running a node, you validate your transactions and contribute to the network’s security and decentralization. Solutions like Umbrel make it easy to set up your own Bitcoin node.
- Do your own custody: Take control of your Bitcoin by securing your funds in a non-custodial wallet, rather than leaving them on exchanges. Hardware wallets like Trezor or BitBox are excellent choices for self-custody.
- Use a home miner: If possible, set up a miner at home and contribute to the decentralization of the network’s computational power. Bitcoin Brabant is a reliable merchant where you can purchase BitAxes for home mining.
**Bitcoin, a superior form of money**
Gresham’s Law states that strong money drives weak money out of circulation because people prefer to spend quickly the money that is worth less and save the money that retains value over time. And that’s what’s happening with Bitcoin. Bitcoin has all the characteristics of strong money: it is the best form of money that has ever existed, has a limited supply, does not favor friends of the king (because there is no king), no one can increase its issuance, it is predictable, accessible to all, without geographic, political, or ideological boundaries. It is censorship-resistant and unconfiscatable. What’s missing? We need to continue adopting Bitcoin, not just as a store of value but also as a medium of exchange!
**Using Bitcoin in Amsterdam**
At The Bitcoin Conference in Amsterdam, I bought my first miner for around 220 euros. My first instinct was to pay with my credit card, but I remembered the Dodo, and instead, I converted euros to Bitcoin and paid via the Lightning Network.
**My journey using Bitcoin**
Gresham’s Law was confirmed. I took euros out of circulation by converting them to BTC, I used Bitcoin and gave it utility. And by paying with Bitcoin, I paid fewer fees than if I had used euros.
Now, I’m taking my commitment to Bitcoin further. I’m running an Umbrel node, securing the network and validating transactions. I practice self-custody, keeping my Bitcoin safe in my own hands. I even run my own miner, contributing to the decentralization of the network’s computational power. Whenever I can, I pay with sats using my Strike wallet — step by step, block by block, I’m building the future of money.
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-12-16 18:28:36
So my teams and picking pools are likely toast after a disastrous day. I was in the NFFC Online playoffs with a team that had a heavy Miami stack (Tua, Waddle, Jonnu), and as you probably know Waddle got hurt early, and Tua did very little. I had Ladd McConkey on my bench too, but he was questionable for a late game, so I didn’t want to gamble on him. West Coast players are slightly less valuable for that reason — you won’t have good info on them as often when you have to lock in your lineups.
My Steak League team got bounced from its playoffs, and I had another bad day ATS. Basically unless the Vikings defense and Brock Bowers combine for 60 points in that BCL, there’s not much for me to root for down the stretch except maybe the Giants getting the No. 1 pick.
In years past I’d be more pissed about this, but not as much anymore. I think I used to operate under the assumption that I was supposed to win, and my not winning was bullshit either because I had screwed something up, or a coach/player/injury screwed me. In other words, if things didn’t go my way, it was an injustice of sorts. I don’t think I ever articulated this assumption to myself the way I have here, it was just my unconscious sense of things.
But now I increasingly feel that whatever happens is what was meant to happen. The outcome I got was most beneficial to me in the long run, even if in the moment I’d much rather Tua had thrown for 400 yards, 200 of which went to Waddle. That would have been great, but not as good as the actual outcome, otherwise it would have happened. That takes the edge off, but in my experience it’s also true. You can’t always get what you want, but you get what you need.
- One of the games I got right Sunday was Chiefs -4. It just seemed obvious Jameis would implode against that defense, and the Chiefs were a buy-low off their narrow wins. But the big story is obviously Patrick Mahomes’ ankle. The Chiefs are still the favorites IMO if they get the bye (which looks very likely if Mahomes is okay.) You really want the Ravens to beat the Steelers, take the division, then wind up playing the Bills in the divisional round.
- Nick Chubb broke his foot — might be a blessing in disguise to shut it down, give his knee more time to heal for 2025.
- Jerry Jeudy will be a polarizing player for next year’s drafts after his run with Winston at QB.
- Joe Burrow might be as good as any QB in the NFL right now. Some of the scramble throws he made were insane, and he’s moving like he did during his rookie year.
- You know Ja’Marr Chase is having a monster year when 11-9-94-0 is a massively disappointing game.
- I was disappointed the Saints didn’t succeed on their two-point conversion. I had the Killer Redskins ATS, and I always want to see a team punished for not covering.
- I traded Terry McLaurin, Joe Mixon, Amari Cooper and Kurt Cousins for Jonathan Taylor in the RotoWire Dynasty League last year because those guys were getting old, and I wanted to rebuild. Turns out Mixon is better than Taylor SU, McLaurin is a top-five WR and I narrowly missed the playoffs even though I was fourth in points.
- Malik Nabers has 90 catches in 12 games. That prorates to 128 over a full season.
- Lamar Jackson makes it look so easy. Rashod Bateman might save me from buying steaks too.
- Rico Dowdle had another massive game, albeit against yet another soft defense. I’m an idiot for taking the Panthers as a favorite.
- CeeDee Lamb hasn’t fared too badly now that Cooper Rush has a few games under his belt.
- Mac Jones has shown a spark, certainly enough to keep a backup job for years, but with the upside to emerge as a Sam Darnold late-bloomer type.
- Davante Adams still has it. Just one insane catch after another. Also Aaron Rodgers scrambling for 45 yards was a surprise. The Jets offense was terrible early, and now that it’s coming around, the defense has fallen apart.
- I watched a lot of the Dolphins Texans. I feel like the Texans fucked me all year, my Texans teams were eliminated, then they fucked my live Dolphins team for good measure.
- The Dolphins can’t run the ball anymore, which puts Tua behind the eight-ball in down and distance. And Tua needs to get the ball out right away. He’s great at hitting the guy out of the backfield in stride, but if that quick throw isn’t there, he’s in trouble. Plus, Tyreek Hill isn’t separating like his used to, and Waddle got hurt. Their only reliable player is the great Jonnu Smith. Do you remember when everyone was bitching at Arthur Smith for featuring Jonnu over Kyle Pitts? Maybe he just realized Jonnu was the better player.
- Tua throwing those last two picks just destroyed me. I think they were both on first down too. Plus I had the Dolphins +2.5 in Circa, not that it matters.
- Anthony Richardson showed a spark a few games ago, but he’s looking more Teebow-esque by the day. Maybe a poor man’s Taysom Hill.
- Jonathan Taylor dropped the ball before scoring the TD, and actually a Bengals defender did the same yesterday on a return TD too. Why even chance it? Is it cooler, more non-chalant-seeming to drop it the second you cross the line? Real man drops it at the 10, keeps running through the end zone like nothing happened. (Reminds me of All Quiet On The Western Front, the WWI book, where someone gets his head blown clean off, and he keeps running with no head for 50 yards or so. Sorry, that’s dark, but it’s staying in.)
- Bo Nix targeted 11 different players, and no one had more than 32 receiving yards. In fact, the Broncos had just 193 total yards.
- I went to sleep right before the onside kick in the Lions game. Josh Allen makes it look so easy with mostly scrubs around him. The Lions had to work more for their drives.
- Jared Goff had 494 yards and five TDs, but threw 59 times. You want to sell out to stop the run (which is now only Jahmyr Gibbs with David Montgomery down) and make the Lions play finesse ball. Amon-Ra St. Brown had a monster game to punish me for comparing him to Jarvis Landy last week.
- The injuries to the Lions defense didn’t matter until they play best offenses. The NFL is such a war of attrition.
- I thought the Steelers would put up a better fight in Philly, but maybe the Eagles are for real. Having both receivers healthy is big, but the defense absolutely dominated.
- The Cardinals haven’t found a way to get Marvin Harrison consistently involved all year. Trey McOldMaid has broken Diontae Johnson’s record for catches without a TD, but I don’t think it counts unless he goes scoreless the last three games.
- Drake Maye looks okay, but he’s surrounded by a bunch of total scrubs.
- The Bucs destroyed the Chargers. Mike Evans’ 159-yard game means he needs another 250 over the next three weeks to extent his 1,000-yard streak. Rest assured he’ll get it if he and Baker Mayfield stay healthy.
- McConkey had three-catches for 42 yards and a TD on the first drive, and I was aghast I had sat him for Waddle. But he did very little the rest of the game despite the Chargers trailing the whole way.
- I had the Packers -2.5, and that was easy money. Jordan Love is very good, and the Packers defense got to Geno Smith, eventually knocked him out of the game.
- Josh Jacobs had every touch but one on the opening drive, and it looked like he might go for 200 and 100, but he settled for a modest 136 YFS and only the one score. Seriously, I’ve never seen a single player get more work on one drive.
- Forget about the Packers receivers — they spread the Love too widely. And no, that’s not code for anything.
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-12-16 15:28:00
I believe in the notion of truth. Not merely propositional truth like 2 + 2 = 4, though that too, but also the idea that what someone says can be authentic, profound and true.
Another aspect of truth is beauty. I think music can be harmonious and art aesthetically true. I don’t claim to have special knowledge over what is true, beautiful or harmonious, only that those things exist, and human beings can discern them. I also believe in justice which in my view is moral truth.
Truth, beauty and justice exist even if we are not personally able to recognize them. In other words, while they are perceptible to human beings generally, any particular person or group might miss them.
One example that comes to mind is if you renovate a home. You and your architect might disagree about the layout. Imagine he persuades you to trust him, and you discover he was correct, the house is more harmonious, proportionate and beautiful than had you done it your way. The aesthetic truth for that house was not what you had imagined, but it existed, and you were lucky someone else had the eye for it.
. . .
I don’t write much about what’s going on in Israel and Palestine because I’m not interested in it. I’m not interested in it because it doesn’t affect my immediate existence, and those who are interested in it mostly seem to be closed-minded and emotional about the topic. Because I am not into it, I am not especially informed, nor am I inclined to inform myself better. As far as I can tell, it’s a depressing and tiresome argument between two miserable factions.
That said, the topic sometimes comes up in part because I’m Jewish and know a lot of Jews who care about it and also because I follow people on Twitter on both sides who also care about it. For that reason, I’m aware of *some* of the narratives that are presented and consequently I’ve formulated two main ideas about it, two axioms, so to speak:
(1) Whatever is the just (morally true) result — whether Israel shutting down and leaving the region, Israel conquering and annexing Palestinian territories entirely, or more likely something in between — that's what I would like to see happen.
In other words, no matter how much anyone in particular might disagree with it, the just result, whatever it might be, is the outcome for which I’m rooting.
People will argue for what they *think* is just based on various narratives, but I hope for what is *actually just*, irrespective of those narratives. And I believe such a result must exist, even though I am in no position whatsoever to say what that result would be.
(2) To the extent some people think Palestinians are incorrigible barbaric terrorists and others think Israel (and even "the Jews" more broadly) are incorrigible genocidal maniacs, consider that sense of incorrigibility is directed by both parties at both parties.
In other words, at least one of you\* incorrectly believes the other is inherently beyond redemption, and just as they would be mistaken in believing that about you, you could also be mistaken in believing it about them. In fact, the greater your certainty about their inherent evil, the more difficult it is for you to course-correct, and the closer to their description you actually become. Paradoxically, the more sure you are of who they are, the more correct they are about you.
Before anything approaching a concrete answer to this problem can emerge, I think it's important to realize (1) A just outcome that does not depend on anyone's narrative exists; and (2) That the extent to which you view your adversaries as beyond redemption you most resemble their description of you.
If we accept these two axioms, that justice is possible, and that viewing the other side as incorrigible is a hallmark of one’s own zealotry, we have established the ground upon which a solution is possible. If we reject them, no amount of discussion will ever bear fruit.
### \*Some people might think both are beyond redemption, in which case this post is moot, and there is no just outcome, only might makes right. I think that kind of cynicism is the road to hell.
-
@ 6389be64:ef439d32
2024-12-09 23:50:41
Resilience is the ability to withstand shocks, adapt, and bounce back. It’s an essential quality in nature and in life. But what if we could take resilience a step further? What if, instead of merely surviving, a system could improve when faced with stress? This concept, known as anti-fragility, is not just theoretical—it’s practical. Combining two highly resilient natural tools, comfrey and biochar, reveals how we can create systems that thrive under pressure and grow stronger with each challenge.
### **Comfrey: Nature’s Champion of Resilience**
Comfrey is a plant that refuses to fail. Once its deep roots take hold, it thrives in poor soils, withstands drought, and regenerates even after being cut down repeatedly. It’s a hardy survivor, but comfrey doesn’t just endure—it contributes. Known as a dynamic accumulator, it mines nutrients from deep within the earth and brings them to the surface, making them available for other plants.
Beyond its ecological role, comfrey has centuries of medicinal use, earning the nickname "knitbone." Its leaves can heal wounds and restore health, a perfect metaphor for resilience. But as impressive as comfrey is, its true potential is unlocked when paired with another resilient force: biochar.
### **Biochar: The Silent Powerhouse of Soil Regeneration**
Biochar, a carbon-rich material made by burning organic matter in low-oxygen conditions, is a game-changer for soil health. Its unique porous structure retains water, holds nutrients, and provides a haven for beneficial microbes. Soil enriched with biochar becomes drought-resistant, nutrient-rich, and biologically active—qualities that scream resilience.
Historically, ancient civilizations in the Amazon used biochar to transform barren soils into fertile agricultural hubs. Known as *terra preta*, these soils remain productive centuries later, highlighting biochar’s remarkable staying power.
Yet, like comfrey, biochar’s potential is magnified when it’s part of a larger system.
### **The Synergy: Comfrey and Biochar Together**
Resilience turns into anti-fragility when systems go beyond mere survival and start improving under stress. Combining comfrey and biochar achieves exactly that.
1. **Nutrient Cycling and Retention**\
Comfrey’s leaves, rich in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, make an excellent mulch when cut and dropped onto the soil. However, these nutrients can wash away in heavy rains. Enter biochar. Its porous structure locks in the nutrients from comfrey, preventing runoff and keeping them available for plants. Together, they create a system that not only recycles nutrients but amplifies their effectiveness.
2. **Water Management**\
Biochar holds onto water making soil not just drought-resistant but actively water-efficient, improving over time with each rain and dry spell.
3. **Microbial Ecosystems**\
Comfrey enriches soil with organic matter, feeding microbial life. Biochar provides a home for these microbes, protecting them and creating a stable environment for them to multiply. Together, they build a thriving soil ecosystem that becomes more fertile and resilient with each passing season.
Resilient systems can withstand shocks, but anti-fragile systems actively use those shocks to grow stronger. Comfrey and biochar together form an anti-fragile system. Each addition of biochar enhances water and nutrient retention, while comfrey regenerates biomass and enriches the soil. Over time, the system becomes more productive, less dependent on external inputs, and better equipped to handle challenges.
This synergy demonstrates the power of designing systems that don’t just survive—they thrive.
### **Lessons Beyond the Soil**
The partnership of comfrey and biochar offers a valuable lesson for our own lives. Resilience is an admirable trait, but anti-fragility takes us further. By combining complementary strengths and leveraging stress as an opportunity, we can create systems—whether in soil, business, or society—that improve under pressure.
Nature shows us that resilience isn’t the end goal. When we pair resilient tools like comfrey and biochar, we unlock a system that evolves, regenerates, and becomes anti-fragile. By designing with anti-fragility in mind, we don’t just bounce back, we bounce forward.
By designing with anti-fragility in mind, we don’t just bounce back, we bounce forward.
-
@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4
2024-12-09 23:12:11
A origem e o desenvolvimento do SearXNG começaram em meados de 2021, após o fork do conhecido mecanismo de metabusca Searx, inspirado pelo projeto Seeks. Ele garante privacidade básica ao misturar suas consultas com outras pesquisas, sem armazenar dados de busca. O SearXNG pode ser adicionado à barra de pesquisa do navegador e também configurado como mecanismo de busca padrão.
Embora o SearXNG não ofereça resultados tão personalizados quanto o Google, ele não gera um perfil sobre você. Controle Total sobre Seus Dados: com o SearXNG, você tem controle absoluto sobre suas informações de pesquisa. O histórico de busca é totalmente opcional e pode ser ativado ou desativado conforme sua preferência. Além disso, é possível excluir qualquer entrada a qualquer momento, garantindo sua privacidade. Resultados de Fontes Diversificadas: o SearXNG agrega informações de mais de 70 fontes diferentes, proporcionando uma pesquisa mais abrangente e relevante. Em vez de se limitar a uma única fonte, você obtém uma visão mais ampla e detalhada das informações disponíveis.
O SearXNG respeita sua privacidade, nunca compartilha dados com terceiros e não pode ser usado para comprometer sua segurança.
O SearXNG é um software livre com código 100% aberto, e qualquer pessoa é bem-vinda para contribuir com melhorias. Se você valoriza a privacidade, deseja ser um usuário consciente ou acredita na liberdade digital, faça do SearXNG seu mecanismo de busca padrão ou instale-o em seu próprio servidor.
O SearXNG reconhece sua preocupação com logs, por isso o código-fonte está disponível para que você possa executar sua própria instância:
https://github.com/searxng/searxng
Adicione sua instância à lista de instâncias públicas.
https://searx.space/
para ajudar outras pessoas a recuperar sua privacidade e tornar a internet mais livre. Quanto mais descentralizada for a internet, maior será a liberdade para todos!
Lista de Instâncias Públicas
https://searx.space/
Documentação de Instalação
https://docs.searxng.org/admin/installation.html#installation
SeaxrXNG : Instalação , configuração e publicação.
https://youtu.be/zcrFPje6Ug8?si=oOI6dqHfHij51rvd
https://youtu.be/8WHnO9gJTHk?si=-5SbXUsaVSoSGpps
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@ a58a2663:87bb2918
2024-12-09 13:39:49
1. Concluir com minha filha, até o fim de 2025, a leitura da tradução latina de *Ursinho Pooh*, isto é, *Winnie Ille Pu*, de Alexander Lenard (1910-1972), poeta, ensaísta e tradutor húngaro que viveu no Brasil. Que texto curioso! Estranho estímulo que me chegou para voltar a estudar latim a sério.
2. Importar mais livros pela [Thrift Books](https://www.thriftbooks.com/) e menos pela Loja do Diabo. Seu acervo é excepcional e o frete é mais barato. Às vezes, em menos de duas semanas já estou com o livro em mãos (e olha que resido no Maranhão).
3. Concluir e publicar meu livro *Vida após as Universidades. Escrita & criação em velhos & novos contextos de risco*, desenvolvimento de algumas ideias que insinuei em [Contra a vida intelectual](https://www.kirion.com.br/contra-a-vida-intelectual-ou-iniciacao-a-cultura-p83480), no que diz respeito ao encerramento de um ciclo histórico de modos de fazer investigação erudita.
4. Rematar o terceiro e último módulo de [Convivium - Seminário Permanente de Humanidades](https://ronaldrobson.com/cursos/), **"A Alegoria do Mundo: o Mago, o Filólogo e o Colonizador"**, embrião de um longo ensaio sobre o "projeto humanista" e as vias de saída da modernidade oferecidas pelo pensamento latino-americano. (As inscrições seguem abertas. Caso queira inscrever-se pagando em bitcoin, me mande um e-mail: camoensiii57@protonmail.com).
5. Defender no primeiro semestre minha tese de doutoramento sobre **João Francisco Lisboa** (1812-1863), o maior prosador brasileiro de meados do século XIX. Compreender seu *Jornal de Tímon* implica rever concepções há muitos estabelecidas sobre a formação da literatura brasileira.
6. Escrever pelo menos cinco ensaios de apresentação do pensamento de **Vilém Flusser** e do que pretendo realizar em [FLUSSER_project](https://ronaldrobson.com/flusser_project/). A ideia é divulgá-los em inglês e especialmente aqui pelo Nostr.
7. Ler TUDO de [Ignacio Gómez de Liaño](https://docta.ucm.es/entities/publication/0fd9b6c9-2894-403f-b343-4318c1024ec7).
8. Não ceder à tentação de discutir com imbecil.
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-12-02 17:50:20
It was a so-so week for me. My best NFFC team is still in first place and by a decent margin, with the Denver kicker still to play. My Steak league team lost but probably got enough points to stay in the eater category for now. My dynasty team stayed in the thick of it, so that’s good.
My two fringe contending NFFC teams (Primetime, BCL3) didn’t do enough, and they’re on the ropes. The Primetime has the CJ Stroud/Tank Dell problem, while BCL3 just doesn’t have enough healthy bodies. One more week probably isn’t enough to make the playoffs, barring an absolutely monstrous Week 14 showing.
I went 1-3 ATS to kick off Q5 pending tonight’s game. The one really dumb pick was the Titans — it was a reach-hunch™ influenced by some numbers I looked up. Never buy into numerical narrative. What, they should have been getting only four points instead of six? That’s basically worthless compared to reading whether it’s they or the Killer Redskins who will show up for the game. If you can’t read that — which is most of the time — stay away.
The challenge for contests like Circa is you have to pick five games every week. You can’t just pass on the whole slate, wait for the right situation where you feel confident about things breaking a certain way and go all in. It’s not real life where you can be wrong about most things, but right about the big ones and still clean up. In a structured contest you have to right about most things, whether you have a feel for them or not. Maybe it’s better to take the quant, rather than the “zone” approach after all.
- I didn’t watch Raiders-Chiefs. I was sick all weekend, and I couldn’t bring myself to focus for 3.5 hours on a bad standalone matchup. I heard the Raiders were about to win too, until they botched a snap. At least I had Brock Bowers going for my best team. I started Jonnu Smith next to him in the flex too. Part of why it’s my best team.
- I started Ladd McConkey over Jaylen Waddle in that league (for once FantasyPros came through for me, they had McConkey not just higher but WAY higher), and McConkey had 100 yards in the first half before getting knocked out of the game at some point in the second. He looks like a superstar if he can ever stay healthy.
- With JK Dobbins on IR, the Chargers gave Gus Edwards six carries, and Kimani Vidal four. Hard to read too much into that except that Vidal is worth getting in case he’s the No. 1.
- Kirk Cousins looks washed in the way Aaron Rodgers does — there’s nothing really physically off, and they can still make the throws, but the focus, the patience, the feel seems gone, like they’ve lost the spirit. The Falcons are tied for first, so they probably won’t whip out Penix just yet though.
- As a Burrow-Chase owner (fringe contender BCL team), I’d expect a little more out of the combo when the Bengals put up 38. The problem was the defensive TD to open the game and then the Chase Brown drive.
- Jaylen Warren was hardly used in the first half, then heavily used in the second. I have no idea why. Russell Wilson put up huge numbers, but spread it around widely.
- The Cardinals played to lose by kicking the FG to go up six on their penultimate drive. They were at the four-yard line, up three. If you score the TD, the game is over, and if you fail, you give the Vikings the ball at the four, with a chance to tie if they get into FG range. By kicking, the Cardinals had to kick off, giving the Vikings the ball at their own 32, while knowing they had to have the TD. You should almost never go from three to six in the end game if you have a good chance to score or convert a first down.
- I had Anthony Richardson going everywhere except the Primetime where I foolishly sat him for CJ Stroud (Jackonsville had the No. 32 fantasy defense against QBs), so I watched a lot of that game. Everything with Richardson kind of looks like it’s in slow motion — he’s so big and effortlessly slings the ball when he throws it downfield. His rushing instincts were good, and he made some decent throws, but was victimized again by drops. Still a work in progress, but good for fantasy in easy matchups. A little bit of early Lamar Jackson in him with the easy motion, but a different kind of runner.
- I loved the 68-yard game-winning FG attempt instead of the Hail Mary. Joey Slye was just a little short, but going for an all-time record on a game-winning kick is exciting!
- I can’t remember now, but there were like five bananas things that happened in the Jets-Seattle game, once of which was ex-Giant and Jet Leonard Williams with a 92-yard pick six. You never see a 300-pound lineman make it more than 30 yards, but Williams was moving.
- Nobody’s producing for the Jets these days. Davante Adams had a touchdown, but 66 yards on 12 targets is paltry.
- I had Brian Robinson going for in a couple places — looks like he’s healthy again. They didn’t expand his role though, even with Austin Ekeler on the IR.
- Terry McLaurin looked like a bust early on, but now he’s a top-five WR.
- Nick Westbrook-Ikhine is a TD machine. He’s the AFC’s DeMarcus Robinson.
- Did you see the hit by Azeez Al-Shaair on a clearly sliding Trevor Lawrence? Crazy thing is the Jaguars got penalized for retaliating, so the flags offset, and they didn’t even get anything for the other team concussing their QB out of the game. At least the Jags backdoored which was revenge enough for my purposes.
- Joe Mixon is the bane of my existence. He and Ka’imi Fairbairn. At least Stroud got the one TD late.
- I didn’t see much of Saints-Rams. Heard the GOAT Taysom Hill is out for the year, but that’s it.
- The once cavernous gap between Bryce Young and C.J. Stroud has shrunk as conditions improve for the former and fall apart for the latter. Adam Thielen should have had two TDs too.
- Mike Evans got 118 yards, putting him at 521 on the year. He’s got five games to get 479 yards, and you have to think the Bucs will force feed him at the end if it’s close.
- In my 14-team Dynasty league I traded Marvin Harrison for Malik Nabers and the guy’s third round pick (No. 31) before the year. That pick wound up being Bucky Irving (I used the pick before it on Jonnu Smith too.) So my once garbage team added Nabers, Irving and Jonnu (plus Xavier Worthy in Round 2) and Darnold in Round 6, which is why it’s contending.
- I take no joy in seeing Justin Tucker turn into Chuck Knoblauch.
- I also take no joy in realizing that almost every year when he was on the Giants, I bet Saquon Barkley to win MVP, OPOY and/or to lead the league in yards from scrimmage, but neglected to do so this year when all those things are now in play.
- Almost forgot about Niners-Bills. San Francisco has proven beyond doubt you can’t win on the road against top teams without most of your best players. Who knew?
- Christian McCaffrey looked like he was going to have about 400 YFS before he went down. I’m bummed because my 2-11 team that Alan Seslowsky trashed as the worst team ever was on a two-game win streak too. The team has McCaffrey-Achane as its backs, Sam LaPorta as its TE, but his criticism was neglecting WR (Diggs was my Round 3.) So I had been starting Courtland Sutton, Ladd McConkey and Rome Odunze with Jonnu Smith in the flex, once I lost Diggs and Rashid Shaheed. Basically, I got the right WRs more or less to make it work, and the real weak link was not the structure (as alleged) but Stroud (and losing the 1.1 for most of the year.) Actually the McCaffrey injury helps me now because I have Jordan Mason everywhere else, and proving Seslowsky’s criticism wrong, while important, narrowly takes a back seat to actually cashing in these leagues.
- Hearing Jeff Erickson’s worries about Joe Burrow turning into Dan Marino or Andrew Luck got me thinking about the AFC. Aside from Patrick Mahomes, Tom Brady, Peyton Manning and Ben Roethlisberger, can you name the only AFC QBs who have appeared in a Super Bowl since 2001?
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@ 0c9e5e17:480e870b
2024-11-26 14:37:20
I just made my first batch of Paleo beef jerky and the results are so good that I thought I'd share it with you. My entire house smells of beef jerky right now and it's driving my dog crazy - poor thing.
## **What's Paleo?**
I'm not going to go into the details, but simply put it's a way of eating that best mimics the diets of our paleolithic hunter-gatherer ancestors - lean meats, seafood, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. If you're interested take a look here: [The Paleo Diet](http://thepaleodiet.com/).
I've been gradually getting more and more serious about eating a paleo diet as a lifestyle and wanted to see if I could find a recipe that I could use for making beef jerky that would be suitable = no soy sauce, besides other things. I was sent two really good examples of paleo jerky recipes from [@paleoonabudget](https://twitter.com/#!/paleoonabudget) via Twitter (love how social tools connect us) and thought that they both sounded good enough to try. Here they are: Food Lover's Kitchen [Beef Jerky](http://beta.primal-palate.com/recipe/beef-jerky/), and Jen's Gone Paleo [Really Tasty Beef Jerky](http://jensgonepaleo.blogspot.com/2011/02/really-tasty-beef-jerky-soy-free-gluten.html).
## **My Version**
Always one to tinker and hack with something, I adjusted and combined aspects from both recipes to come up with one that sounded good to me. Here's what I ended up with:
- Flank steak as lean as possible (grass-fed), trim any excess fat
- 1 cup raw coconut aminos (it's a substitute for soy sauce)
- 1 cup of organic apple juice (make sure there are no additives)
- 1 cup of pineapple juice (again, no additives)
- 1 tbsp fresh ground black pepper
- 1 tsp of paprika
- 1 tsp of garlic powder
- Lime juice (not in the marinade)
Steak strips in the marinade.
I used a nice cut of flank steak (personal preference) and made sure to trim off all excess fat, although there was hardly any. I put the steak in the freezer for an hour or two to make slicing it into thin strips a little easier.
Then I put all of the other ingredients (the marinade) into a Pyrex dish and added the sliced steak pieces, making sure that all of the steak was covered or submerged. I think I topped up with a little extra of both juices. I covered this and put it in the fridge overnight.
## **Dehydrating - Making it Jerky!**
The next day (around noon) I removed the marinading steak from the fridge and let it drain through a small sieve for a minute or two to get the excess liquid off. No need to get my dehydrator into a big mess if I can easily avoid it. I used my old faithful [L'Equip 528 6-tray Dehydrator](https://amzn.to/3yJSB1Y). I love this machine!
Steak strips on dehydrator tray.
I gave the entire batch of steak a heavy dose of freshly squeezed lime juice, all over. I was very heavy handed with the lime (thinking this would be my "secret sauce"). Then I arranged the pieces of steak onto the drying sheets (mine has six) making sure to leave a lot of room around each piece.
Temperature dial on L'Equip.
I set the temperature gauge to half way between 125F and 153F (\~135F) and turned it on. At this point I went out to take care of some errands - nothing you would be interested in. When I got back a few hours later, I was greeted by the smell of beef jerky as I opened the front door - wow!
The jerky had been drying for about four hours while I was gone and much to my surprise was completely done. In fact it could have come out a little bit sooner to be even better, but that's my fault for going away and leaving it. When I make jerky using ground beef it takes a lot, lot, longer - more than twice as long.
I hope you enjoy this recipe!
The end result is absolutely delicious. The combination of the fruit juices, coconut aminos and spices gives the steak an amazing, slightly citrus flavor. I wish you could try some, it's soooo good!
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@ 87730827:746b7d35
2024-11-20 09:27:53
Original: https://techreport.com/crypto-news/brazil-central-bank-ban-monero-stablecoins/
Brazilian’s Central Bank Will Ban Monero and Algorithmic Stablecoins in the Country
===================================================================================
Brazil proposes crypto regulations banning Monero and algorithmic stablecoins and enforcing strict compliance for exchanges.
* * *
**KEY TAKEAWAYS**
* The Central Bank of Brazil has proposed **regulations prohibiting privacy-centric cryptocurrencies** like Monero.
* The regulations **categorize exchanges into intermediaries, custodians, and brokers**, each with specific capital requirements and compliance standards.
* While the proposed rules apply to cryptocurrencies, certain digital assets like non-fungible tokens **(NFTs) are still ‘deregulated’ in Brazil**.
In a Notice of Participation announcement, the Brazilian Central Bank (BCB) outlines **regulations for virtual asset service providers (VASPs)** operating in the country.
**_In the document, the Brazilian regulator specifies that privacy-focused coins, such as Monero, must be excluded from all digital asset companies that intend to operate in Brazil._**
Let’s unpack what effect these regulations will have.
Brazil’s Crackdown on Crypto Fraud
----------------------------------
If the BCB’s current rule is approved, **exchanges dealing with coins that provide anonymity must delist these currencies** or prevent Brazilians from accessing and operating these assets.
The Central Bank argues that currencies like Monero make it difficult and even prevent the identification of users, thus creating problems in complying with international AML obligations and policies to prevent the financing of terrorism.
According to the Central Bank of Brazil, the bans aim to **prevent criminals from using digital assets to launder money**. In Brazil, organized criminal syndicates such as the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) and Comando Vermelho have been increasingly using digital assets for money laundering and foreign remittances.
> … restriction on the supply of virtual assets that contain characteristics of fragility, insecurity or risks that favor fraud or crime, such as virtual assets designed to favor money laundering and terrorist financing practices by facilitating anonymity or difficulty identification of the holder.
>
> – [Notice of Participation](https://www.gov.br/participamaisbrasil/edital-de-participacao-social-n-109-2024-proposta-de-regulamentacao-do-)
The Central Bank has identified that **removing algorithmic stablecoins is essential to guarantee the safety of users’ funds** and avoid events such as when Terraform Labs’ entire ecosystem collapsed, losing billions of investors’ dollars.
The Central Bank also wants to **control all digital assets traded by companies in Brazil**. According to the current proposal, the [national regulator](https://techreport.com/cryptocurrency/learning/crypto-regulations-global-view/) will have the **power to ask platforms to remove certain listed assets** if it considers that they do not meet local regulations.
However, the regulations will not include [NFTs](https://techreport.com/statistics/crypto/nft-awareness-adoption-statistics/), real-world asset (RWA) tokens, RWA tokens classified as securities, and tokenized movable or real estate assets. These assets are still ‘deregulated’ in Brazil.
Monero: What Is It and Why Is Brazil Banning It?
------------------------------------------------
Monero ($XMR) is a cryptocurrency that uses a protocol called CryptoNote. It launched in 2013 and ‘erases’ transaction data, preventing the sender and recipient addresses from being publicly known. The Monero network is based on a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism, which incentivizes miners to add blocks to the blockchain.
Like Brazil, **other nations are banning Monero** in search of regulatory compliance. Recently, Dubai’s new digital asset rules prohibited the issuance of activities related to anonymity-enhancing cryptocurrencies such as $XMR.
Furthermore, exchanges such as **Binance have already announced they will delist Monero** on their global platforms due to its anonymity features. Kraken did the same, removing Monero for their European-based users to comply with [MiCA regulations](https://techreport.com/crypto-news/eu-mica-rules-existential-threat-or-crypto-clarity/).
Data from Chainalysis shows that Brazil is the **seventh-largest Bitcoin market in the world**.
In Latin America, **Brazil is the largest market for digital assets**. Globally, it leads in the innovation of RWA tokens, with several companies already trading this type of asset.
In Closing
----------
Following other nations, Brazil’s regulatory proposals aim to combat illicit activities such as money laundering and terrorism financing.
Will the BCB’s move safeguard people’s digital assets while also stimulating growth and innovation in the crypto ecosystem? Only time will tell.
References
----------
Cassio Gusson is a journalist passionate about technology, cryptocurrencies, and the nuances of human nature. With a career spanning roles as Senior Crypto Journalist at CriptoFacil and Head of News at CoinTelegraph, he offers exclusive insights on South America’s crypto landscape. A graduate in Communication from Faccamp and a post-graduate in Globalization and Culture from FESPSP, Cassio explores the intersection of governance, decentralization, and the evolution of global systems.
[View all articles by Cassio Gusson](https://techreport.com/author/cassiog/)
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-11-19 13:29:41
Assuming the outgoing administration doesn’t [create a catastrophic crisis](https://x.com/FirstSquawk/status/1858803713076498741) to avoid accountability, I feel things are largely settled for the short term on the geopolitical front. The Ukraine War should end soon, there should hopefully be a detente in the Middle East, and the adults can get to work on creating a [bitcoin strategic reserve](https://x.com/BitcoinNewsCom/status/1857195825874784741), while [severely slashing government](https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1856502787930050927) to begin working on the national debt. The ordinary person can get back to worrying exclusively about ordinary person stuff like health, wealth and personal relationships.
Not that you should ever neglect those things, but when free speech is under attack, the state is forcing you to take medicine in violation of your basic rights and imbeciles are fomenting World War 3 to launder money to their arms manufacturing cronies, you have to interrupt the scheduled programming for engagement in politics which nobody should want.
But going back to mundane ordinary life is a bit of a comedown after all the drama — remember there were two assassination attempts, one of which grazed Trump’s ear! The chaos that could have unleashed is almost unimaginable.
One thing that happened to me (and a lot of people I know) during Covid is we were forced to become more resilient. It’s not easy learning what you thought was a corrupt but not-that-important state would actively disrupt your life so severely in violation of the law and without any valid scientific basis. That the corporate media would gaslight you and foment compliance and division only augmented the stress and sense of despair. In order to retain one’s sanity in the face of so much capitulation and abdication of rational sense-making one had to reach deeper within, trust one’s own judgment and connect with one’s core values more entirely.
Now that we’ve hopefully defeated those retarding forces, a golden age of innovation and prosperity might be upon us. But I can’t go back to being the person I was before, primarily concerned about making money, living a comfortable and fulfilling life and handling my day to day responsibilities. It feels like there is something bigger. Having a false and destructive reality imposed on us from the outside drove us to get in touch with something real on the inside, and now that the door has been opened, we have no choice but to go farther into wherever it leads.
I’ve been reading a series of books lately on the topic of exploring the inner space, the brain-mind quantum machine that’s capable of perceiving aspects of reality beyond the narrow spectrums detectable by the senses. We are not simply animals who survive for a time to reproduce the species and optimize for pleasure while avoiding pain. (Even animals are likely more than that, too.) There is a sublimity to our existence, and now we are aware, not just theoretically, but in practice because we were forced to locate it.
There is no point in trying to describe it. It will either sound like magical thinking or be too slippery to grasp. The words are like the proverbial finger pointing at the moon — if you fixate on the finger, you miss the moon. It doesn’t matter what your concepts are either. “The Simulation,” Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, the Tao, the quantum foam, the Kabbalah, Sufism, whatever. I don’t care, use whatever works to take you away from the map and into the territory.
But into the territory we must go. There is no turning back.
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@ 5e5fc143:393d5a2c
2024-11-19 10:20:25
Now test old reliable front end
Stay tuned more later
Keeping this as template long note for debugging in future as come across few NIP-33 post edit issues
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-11-19 09:45:12
What a horrible game. As someone who stacked the Texans passing game in the Primetime, I have to say Joe Mixon is the bane of my existence. I also benched Anthony Richardson for CJ Stroud in that league (as well as Jonnu Smith for Dallas Goedert.) The Texans love to run Mixon every chance they get, especially near the goal line. To add insult to injury I lost in the Steak League to Josh Ross by .12 points due to that last PAT after Mixon’s third TD. And I had the Cowboys +7.5 in my picking pool.
- Stroud almost started off the game with a bang on a screen to Nico Collins that went for a 70-yard TD, only to be called back on yet another infraction by penalty-machine Laremy Tunsil. Stroud looked fine except for missing Collins on another would-be TD later in the game.
- Mixon still has it — he showed his speed on the long TD and ran over the Cowboys defense most of the night. He also produced in the passing game.
- Collins showed he was healthy on the play that didn’t count. He’ll get his. Tank Dell got the same targets and production as Collins, but we’re not seeing him get those air yards like last year. Probably because the O-line sucks.
- Cooper Rush looked like Joe Flacco — immobile, mistake prone but able to put the ball up and let his receivers make plays. Big improvement over last week, even though he was still bad.
- The Cowboys running game does not exist, and midwit nonsense notwithstanding, that very much matters.
- CeeDee Lamb looked like himself even with Rush. Low-key big news on the fantasy front actually. After last week, I had doubts.
- Luke Schoonmaker had a nice game after Jake Ferguson got brain damage. Maybe they’ll send Ferguson to the Texans next year to replace Dalton Schultz and go with the new guy.
- Brandon Aubrey hit a 64-yarder like it was a PAT. Hilarious it got nullified by a penalty, and the Cowboys wound up with zero points after failing to convert on fourth down. Let that sink in: they robbed Aubrey’s owners of 6.4 points and got negative-three to show for it. Even if it was the right football call to take the first down, there should be some ethical requirement never to take a 60-plus-yard make off the board. What if it were a 67-yarder, the all-time record? That would have actually been even more hilarious.
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@ af9c48b7:a3f7aaf4
2024-11-18 20:26:07
## Chef's notes
This simple, easy, no bake desert will surely be the it at you next family gathering. You can keep it a secret or share it with the crowd that this is a healthy alternative to normal pie. I think everyone will be amazed at how good it really is.
## Details
- ⏲️ Prep time: 30
- 🍳 Cook time: 0
- 🍽️ Servings: 8
## Ingredients
- 1/3 cup of Heavy Cream- 0g sugar, 5.5g carbohydrates
- 3/4 cup of Half and Half- 6g sugar, 3g carbohydrates
- 4oz Sugar Free Cool Whip (1/2 small container) - 0g sugar, 37.5g carbohydrates
- 1.5oz box (small box) of Sugar Free Instant Chocolate Pudding- 0g sugar, 32g carbohydrates
- 1 Pecan Pie Crust- 24g sugar, 72g carbohydrates
## Directions
1. The total pie has 30g of sugar and 149.50g of carboydrates. So if you cut the pie into 8 equal slices, that would come to 3.75g of sugar and 18.69g carbohydrates per slice. If you decided to not eat the crust, your sugar intake would be .75 gram per slice and the carborytrates would be 9.69g per slice. Based on your objective, you could use only heavy whipping cream and no half and half to further reduce your sugar intake.
2. Mix all wet ingredients and the instant pudding until thoroughly mixed and a consistent color has been achieved. The heavy whipping cream causes the mixture to thicken the more you mix it. So, I’d recommend using an electric mixer. Once you are satisfied with the color, start mixing in the whipping cream until it has a consistent “chocolate” color thorough. Once your satisfied with the color, spoon the mixture into the pie crust, smooth the top to your liking, and then refrigerate for one hour before serving.
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-11-18 18:36:16
I much prefer to write these after a good week. I used to kind of relish excoriating myself after every mistake, complaining about all the questionable calls and coaches’ decision-making that went against me, but not so much anymore. When I lose, I try to think of it as the outcome that’s most suited to me at this particular time. Had I gone 5-0, that would have been most suited, but apparently I really needed the 1-4 to knock me out of Q3.
I won’t pretend to know the particular lesson in this. Life isn’t like that. You take from it what you choose and then await the next lesson. If I had to guess I’d say I wasn’t ready to win Q3 — not the money, that’s not the issue — but psychologically I wasn’t ready to accept winning it.
You see my brain has been poisoned with these ideas about probability wherein it’s very hard to go 5-0 (1 in 32, maybe 1 in 28 or so if you have an edge.) To do it twice is 1 in 1000 (2 ^10 = 1024). To do it four times (20 - 0) is less than one in a million. So when I go to pick the games each week I have this foreboding and dread that it can’t be done. Or that it *can* be done, but only with a lot of luck. This is toxic.
Whether or not the math adds up is irrelevant to the process of picking the games. You are divining what is likely to happen and positioning yourself accordingly. Maybe I am the greatest of all time. Maybe I *can* go on a 20-0 run if I get in sync. Tom Brady had no business believing he could win seven Super Bowls. If he focused on the odds of that happening, it probably wouldn’t have happened. He just went out and played as though he could win one every year.
So my takeaway is I’m too much of a midwit, someone who learned the Probability 101 course and thinks he’s got this shit down. I’m too savvy to win the Q3, because I know better, because I’ve run the numbers and realize it can’t be done without a ton of luck. I want to be less savvy, less caught up in probabilities and more naive. I want to pick with the confidence of someone who is totally naive to the likelihood and all-in on transmuting my observations and knowledge of what I see into the winning picks.
I will try to do this going forward, but it’s possible my long stint in the midwit fantasy industry damaged my brain too much.
- The Bengals-Chargers 40-minute edit wasn’t ready when I woke up this morning, so I watched the six-minute highlights. I had Joe Burrow, Ja’Marr Chase and JK Dobbins, so there were a lot of highlights! I also had Khalil Herbert going out of desperation due to byes in one league, and I’m not sure if he played.
- Alan Seslowsky [put out a video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lF-9mI4EDs) before the year saying to take Chase No. 1 overall, and being the donkey I am, I took it literally and drafted him in three leagues. Reminds me of that Buddhist story where three monks tell a retarded monk (a “fool”) that if he lets each of them whack him with a stick, he’ll become enlightened. So he agrees, they hit him and it works.
- I don’t think the Chargers are serious contenders, but with Jim Harbaugh there it’s finally at least possible.
- The Packers are out of sync and obviously very lucky to win that game. No idea why they refuse to give Jayden Reed targets, but I’m happy about it since I once regretted not drafting him.
- I watched the first two-third of the Lions-Jaguars, and I can assure you that game was not as close as the score. Total domination on both sides. It was incidentally the only ATS pick I won.
- I picked the Titans +6 due to divine inspiration, but it must have been intended for a different branch of the multiverse, one where the refs didn’t call a garbage personal foul on 4th-and-goal that gifted the Vikings, who won by 10, a TD instead of a turnover on downs.
- A few games ago, Chase/Justin Jefferson was a close call, but Chase has since left him in the dust.
- With Marvin Harrison on bye, I was forced to start Nick Westbrook-Ikhine, so I appreciated the 98-yard TD pass to him. Just a 16.8-point play. Will Levis sucks though.
- My Primetime team will do okay if CJ Stroud has a good game (especially if he connects with Tank Dell), but I originally had Anthony Richardson in at QB and Jonnu Smith (28 points) at TE who I benched for Dallas Goedert. (I was actually satisfied with Goedert’s 11 points on Thursday night too.)
- I have Jaylen Waddle in one league, started him over Jonnu and Elijah Moore. I know everyone would have done that, but at what point do you have to start considering say Ladd McConkey over him. (Next week, I get Malik Nabers back, so I’ll have that choice.)
- Brock Bowers maybe should have been the Dynasty League 1.1. for this year’s rookies.
- I saw a little of the Pats-Rams game. Cooper Kupp caught an intermediate ball, the defender missed and he ran untouched for 69 yards with no one near him. The Rams were totally stifled by the Dolphins last week too.
- Drake Maye looked pretty good to me from what I watched. I don’t know if he’ll be great, but he’s over the threshold.
- I had the Browns plus 1.5 as one of my picks, and it looked okay until the fourth quarter when they fell apart. I also had Taysom Hill in my dynasty league where I was forced to start two tight ends. See below:
- Jerry Jeudy has random massive games once every year or so. But the Browns are so much more watchable with Jameis Winston than Deshaun Watson, who should just hire prostitutes to re-enact the massage experience in perpetuity with that money.
- The time to pick up Anthony Richardson was last week, which I did in two leagues. He was obviously going to get another shot, and the upside was/is still there.
- The Jets are hilarious, should have stuck with QB1.
- I had the Ravens -3, and while it was the losing side, they are the better team than the Steelers. Justin Tucker hit that last 54-yarder, but he missed two earlier field goals in the game, and it was tough to watch. It’s as if the great Mariano Rivera had gotten shelled in his final season (which he did not.)
- I really thought the Ravens would get that two-point conversion and cover in overtime too.
- The Falcons never got off the plane. No idea what happened there. At least we got to see some Penix. “12-inch” passed the eye test for me, though he could have put more air under one deep throw. Is that not his college nickname?
- Never try and handicap the Denver running back situation.
- The 49ers look like themselves, but there’s something missing. I guess Nick Bosa getting hurt and George Kittle not playing explains some of it.
- Geno Smith made a bad-ass 16-yard TD scramble to win the game. It looks like JSN has emerged as his No. 1 receiver finally even with DK Metcalf back. Tyler Lockett seems relegated to a bit role.
- The Chiefs had a shot after their TD to cut it to 23-21, but Josh Allen crushed their spirits with a 26-yard TD on 4th-and-2. Save it for the playoffs, Josh!
- I watched the Tyson-Paul flight on Netflix Saturday morning. It was pretty dull, but I’ve heard two conflicting theories since: (1) Paul took it easy on Tyson late out of respect for the legend — Tyson did look exhausted after eight shortened rounds; and (2) That Tyson went easy on Paul, pulled punches and let him win. (There were a couple points where Tyson slowed up after Paul made an odd gesture like sticking his tongue out.) I don’t know, but they both got paid so much, nothing would surprise me.
-
@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-11-15 17:41:15
I went 4-1 again [last week](https://www.realmansports.com/p/circa-millions-bbf) to put myself at 8-2 for Q3 and 21-9 over the last six weeks. It’s too bad I did so poorly Weeks 1-4.
**Browns +1 at Saints** — I don’t know why I’m taking Jameis Winston, but I figure the Saints are a good sell-high off their close win, and the Browns have more weapons in the passing game.
**Ravens -3 at Steelers** — The Ravens are in a different class than the Steelers, and they’ll be up for this one.
**Lions -14 vs Jaguars** — I usually don’t take double-digit favorites, but the Lions should grind Jacksonville into oblivion.
**Titans +6 vs Vikings** — This one came to me in a vision of sorts. I asked my mind what should be my fifth pick, and it highlighted the Titans. (I did the same thing with the Bucs last week, but didn’t say anything about it because I hated the pick.) The Titans defense could give struggling Sam Darnold trouble too.
**49ers -6.5 vs Seahawks** — Division games can go either way, but the Seahawks can’t pass protect to save their lives, and it feels like the 49ers are about to go on a run.
-
@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4
2024-11-14 09:17:14
Tutorial feito por nostr:nostr:npub1rc56x0ek0dd303eph523g3chm0wmrs5wdk6vs0ehd0m5fn8t7y4sqra3tk poste original abaixo:
Parte 1 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/263585/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-1
Parte 2 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/index.php/263586/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-2
Quando o assunto é privacidade em celulares, uma das medidas comumente mencionadas é a remoção de bloatwares do dispositivo, também chamado de debloat. O meio mais eficiente para isso sem dúvidas é a troca de sistema operacional. Custom Rom’s como LineageOS, GrapheneOS, Iodé, CalyxOS, etc, já são bastante enxutos nesse quesito, principalmente quanto não é instalado os G-Apps com o sistema. No entanto, essa prática pode acabar resultando em problemas indesejados como a perca de funções do dispositivo, e até mesmo incompatibilidade com apps bancários, tornando este método mais atrativo para quem possui mais de um dispositivo e separando um apenas para privacidade.
Pensando nisso, pessoas que possuem apenas um único dispositivo móvel, que são necessitadas desses apps ou funções, mas, ao mesmo tempo, tem essa visão em prol da privacidade, buscam por um meio-termo entre manter a Stock rom, e não ter seus dados coletados por esses bloatwares. Felizmente, a remoção de bloatwares é possível e pode ser realizada via root, ou mais da maneira que este artigo irá tratar, via adb.
## O que são bloatwares?
Bloatware é a junção das palavras bloat (inchar) + software (programa), ou seja, um bloatware é basicamente um programa inútil ou facilmente substituível — colocado em seu dispositivo previamente pela fabricante e operadora — que está no seu dispositivo apenas ocupando espaço de armazenamento, consumindo memória RAM e pior, coletando seus dados e enviando para servidores externos, além de serem mais pontos de vulnerabilidades.
## O que é o adb?
O Android Debug Brigde, ou apenas adb, é uma ferramenta que se utiliza das permissões de usuário shell e permite o envio de comandos vindo de um computador para um dispositivo Android exigindo apenas que a depuração USB esteja ativa, mas também pode ser usada diretamente no celular a partir do Android 11, com o uso do Termux e a depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi). A ferramenta funciona normalmente em dispositivos sem root, e também funciona caso o celular esteja em Recovery Mode.
Requisitos:
Para computadores:
• Depuração USB ativa no celular;
• Computador com adb;
• Cabo USB;
Para celulares:
• Depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi) ativa no celular;
• Termux;
• Android 11 ou superior;
Para ambos:
• Firewall NetGuard instalado e configurado no celular;
• Lista de bloatwares para seu dispositivo;
## Ativação de depuração:
Para ativar a Depuração USB em seu dispositivo, pesquise como ativar as opções de desenvolvedor de seu dispositivo, e lá ative a depuração. No caso da depuração sem fio, sua ativação irá ser necessária apenas no momento que for conectar o dispositivo ao Termux.
## Instalação e configuração do NetGuard
O NetGuard pode ser instalado através da própria Google Play Store, mas de preferência instale pela F-Droid ou Github para evitar telemetria.
F-Droid:
https://f-droid.org/packages/eu.faircode.netguard/
Github: https://github.com/M66B/NetGuard/releases
Após instalado, configure da seguinte maneira:
Configurações → padrões (lista branca/negra) → ative as 3 primeiras opções (bloquear wifi, bloquear dados móveis e aplicar regras ‘quando tela estiver ligada’);
Configurações → opções avançadas → ative as duas primeiras (administrar aplicativos do sistema e registrar acesso a internet);
Com isso, todos os apps estarão sendo bloqueados de acessar a internet, seja por wifi ou dados móveis, e na página principal do app basta permitir o acesso a rede para os apps que você vai usar (se necessário). Permita que o app rode em segundo plano sem restrição da otimização de bateria, assim quando o celular ligar, ele já estará ativo.
## Lista de bloatwares
Nem todos os bloatwares são genéricos, haverá bloatwares diferentes conforme a marca, modelo, versão do Android, e até mesmo região.
Para obter uma lista de bloatwares de seu dispositivo, caso seu aparelho já possua um tempo de existência, você encontrará listas prontas facilmente apenas pesquisando por elas. Supondo que temos um Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus em mãos, basta pesquisar em seu motor de busca por:
```
Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus bloatware list
```
Provavelmente essas listas já terão inclusas todos os bloatwares das mais diversas regiões, lhe poupando o trabalho de buscar por alguma lista mais específica.
Caso seu aparelho seja muito recente, e/ou não encontre uma lista pronta de bloatwares, devo dizer que você acaba de pegar em merda, pois é chato para um caralho pesquisar por cada aplicação para saber sua função, se é essencial para o sistema ou se é facilmente substituível.
### De antemão já aviso, que mais para frente, caso vossa gostosura remova um desses aplicativos que era essencial para o sistema sem saber, vai acabar resultando na perda de alguma função importante, ou pior, ao reiniciar o aparelho o sistema pode estar quebrado, lhe obrigando a seguir com uma formatação, e repetir todo o processo novamente.
## Download do adb em computadores
Para usar a ferramenta do adb em computadores, basta baixar o pacote chamado SDK platform-tools, disponível através deste link: https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platform-tools. Por ele, você consegue o download para Windows, Mac e Linux.
Uma vez baixado, basta extrair o arquivo zipado, contendo dentro dele uma pasta chamada platform-tools que basta ser aberta no terminal para se usar o adb.
## Download do adb em celulares com Termux.
Para usar a ferramenta do adb diretamente no celular, antes temos que baixar o app Termux, que é um emulador de terminal linux, e já possui o adb em seu repositório. Você encontra o app na Google Play Store, mas novamente recomendo baixar pela F-Droid ou diretamente no Github do projeto.
F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.termux/
Github: https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases
## Processo de debloat
Antes de iniciarmos, é importante deixar claro que não é para você sair removendo todos os bloatwares de cara sem mais nem menos, afinal alguns deles precisam antes ser substituídos, podem ser essenciais para você para alguma atividade ou função, ou até mesmo são insubstituíveis.
Alguns exemplos de bloatwares que a substituição é necessária antes da remoção, é o Launcher, afinal, é a interface gráfica do sistema, e o teclado, que sem ele só é possível digitar com teclado externo. O Launcher e teclado podem ser substituídos por quaisquer outros, minha recomendação pessoal é por aqueles que respeitam sua privacidade, como Pie Launcher e Simple Laucher, enquanto o teclado pelo OpenBoard e FlorisBoard, todos open-source e disponíveis da F-Droid.
Identifique entre a lista de bloatwares, quais você gosta, precisa ou prefere não substituir, de maneira alguma você é obrigado a remover todos os bloatwares possíveis, modifique seu sistema a seu bel-prazer. O NetGuard lista todos os apps do celular com o nome do pacote, com isso você pode filtrar bem qual deles não remover.
Um exemplo claro de bloatware insubstituível e, portanto, não pode ser removido, é o com.android.mtp, um protocolo onde sua função é auxiliar a comunicação do dispositivo com um computador via USB, mas por algum motivo, tem acesso a rede e se comunica frequentemente com servidores externos. Para esses casos, e melhor solução mesmo é bloquear o acesso a rede desses bloatwares com o NetGuard.
MTP tentando comunicação com servidores externos:
## Executando o adb shell
No computador
Faça backup de todos os seus arquivos importantes para algum armazenamento externo, e formate seu celular com o hard reset. Após a formatação, e a ativação da depuração USB, conecte seu aparelho e o pc com o auxílio de um cabo USB. Muito provavelmente seu dispositivo irá apenas começar a carregar, por isso permita a transferência de dados, para que o computador consiga se comunicar normalmente com o celular.
Já no pc, abra a pasta platform-tools dentro do terminal, e execute o seguinte comando:
```
./adb start-server
```
O resultado deve ser:
*daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037
*daemon started successfully
E caso não apareça nada, execute:
```
./adb kill-server
```
E inicie novamente.
Com o adb conectado ao celular, execute:
```
./adb shell
```
Para poder executar comandos diretamente para o dispositivo. No meu caso, meu celular é um Redmi Note 8 Pro, codinome Begonia.
Logo o resultado deve ser:
begonia:/ $
Caso ocorra algum erro do tipo:
adb: device unauthorized.
This adb server’s $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS is not set
Try ‘adb kill-server’ if that seems wrong.
Otherwise check for a confirmation dialog on your device.
Verifique no celular se apareceu alguma confirmação para autorizar a depuração USB, caso sim, autorize e tente novamente. Caso não apareça nada, execute o kill-server e repita o processo.
## No celular
Após realizar o mesmo processo de backup e hard reset citado anteriormente, instale o Termux e, com ele iniciado, execute o comando:
```
pkg install android-tools
```
Quando surgir a mensagem “Do you want to continue? [Y/n]”, basta dar enter novamente que já aceita e finaliza a instalação
Agora, vá até as opções de desenvolvedor, e ative a depuração sem fio. Dentro das opções da depuração sem fio, terá uma opção de emparelhamento do dispositivo com um código, que irá informar para você um código em emparelhamento, com um endereço IP e porta, que será usado para a conexão com o Termux.
Para facilitar o processo, recomendo que abra tanto as configurações quanto o Termux ao mesmo tempo, e divida a tela com os dois app’s, como da maneira a seguir:
Para parear o Termux com o dispositivo, não é necessário digitar o ip informado, basta trocar por “localhost”, já a porta e o código de emparelhamento, deve ser digitado exatamente como informado. Execute:
```
adb pair localhost:porta CódigoDeEmparelhamento
```
De acordo com a imagem mostrada anteriormente, o comando ficaria “adb pair localhost:41255 757495”.
Com o dispositivo emparelhado com o Termux, agora basta conectar para conseguir executar os comandos, para isso execute:
```
adb connect localhost:porta
```
Obs: a porta que você deve informar neste comando não é a mesma informada com o código de emparelhamento, e sim a informada na tela principal da depuração sem fio.
Pronto! Termux e adb conectado com sucesso ao dispositivo, agora basta executar normalmente o adb shell:
```
adb shell
```
Remoção na prática
Com o adb shell executado, você está pronto para remover os bloatwares. No meu caso, irei mostrar apenas a remoção de um app (Google Maps), já que o comando é o mesmo para qualquer outro, mudando apenas o nome do pacote.
Dentro do NetGuard, verificando as informações do Google Maps:
Podemos ver que mesmo fora de uso, e com a localização do dispositivo desativado, o app está tentando loucamente se comunicar com servidores externos, e informar sabe-se lá que peste. Mas sem novidades até aqui, o mais importante é que podemos ver que o nome do pacote do Google Maps é com.google.android.apps.maps, e para o remover do celular, basta executar:
```
pm uninstall –user 0 com.google.android.apps.maps
```
E pronto, bloatware removido! Agora basta repetir o processo para o resto dos bloatwares, trocando apenas o nome do pacote.
Para acelerar o processo, você pode já criar uma lista do bloco de notas com os comandos, e quando colar no terminal, irá executar um atrás do outro.
Exemplo de lista:
Caso a donzela tenha removido alguma coisa sem querer, também é possível recuperar o pacote com o comando:
```
cmd package install-existing nome.do.pacote
```
## Pós-debloat
Após limpar o máximo possível o seu sistema, reinicie o aparelho, caso entre no como recovery e não seja possível dar reboot, significa que você removeu algum app “essencial” para o sistema, e terá que formatar o aparelho e repetir toda a remoção novamente, desta vez removendo poucos bloatwares de uma vez, e reiniciando o aparelho até descobrir qual deles não pode ser removido. Sim, dá trabalho… quem mandou querer privacidade?
Caso o aparelho reinicie normalmente após a remoção, parabéns, agora basta usar seu celular como bem entender! Mantenha o NetGuard sempre executando e os bloatwares que não foram possíveis remover não irão se comunicar com servidores externos, passe a usar apps open source da F-Droid e instale outros apps através da Aurora Store ao invés da Google Play Store.
Referências:
Caso você seja um Australopithecus e tenha achado este guia difícil, eis uma videoaula (3:14:40) do Anderson do canal Ciberdef, realizando todo o processo: http://odysee.com/@zai:5/Como-remover-at%C3%A9-200-APLICATIVOS-que-colocam-a-sua-PRIVACIDADE-E-SEGURAN%C3%87A-em-risco.:4?lid=6d50f40314eee7e2f218536d9e5d300290931d23
Pdf’s do Anderson citados na videoaula: créditos ao anon6837264
http://eternalcbrzpicytj4zyguygpmkjlkddxob7tptlr25cdipe5svyqoqd.onion/file/3863a834d29285d397b73a4af6fb1bbe67c888d72d30/t-05e63192d02ffd.pdf
Processo de instalação do Termux e adb no celular: https://youtu.be/APolZrPHSms
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-11-11 19:22:48
One thing I enjoy about this Substack is I know a lot of its readers personally, and for that reason I also know many of them disagree with me. How dull it would be to write only for people who already were in lockstep with what you were saying! I say that because I also imagine some of you might be inclined to turn away from certain posts, but I would ask that the more you disagree, the more you stick this particular one out to the end. Imagine it were a reflection on [the joys of owning a small, poorly-trained dog](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/walking-the-dog).
Donald Trump didn’t just win the election, he won the House, Senate and popular vote. He had [unprecedented support](https://x.com/johnddavidson/status/1854549634552873390) among Latinos and black people, outperformed prior Republican candidates [among Jews](https://nypost.com/2024/11/06/us-news/trump-picks-up-50-of-jewish-vote-in-new-york/), [reached out to Arabs in Michigan](https://x.com/sam_bidwell/status/1855986922650296775) and [even got the Amish](https://x.com/nypost/status/1853957574632092158) to turn out en masse despite being outspent 2:1. The election was a total repudiation of the democratic party and its policies, the corporate press, the censorship industrial complex, uniparty republicans, left-wing academia, Hollywood, large tech companies thumbing the scale and entrenched government bureaucracy.
If you think this is a bad thing and were hoping for a different result, you probably have some explanation for what happened. I won’t pretend to know what anyone in particular is thinking, but I can tell you, as someone who is deeply relieved and heartened by this result how I see it. Maybe it will confirm some of your priors and disabuse you of others. Your mileage may vary.
My sense of relief is profound. I feel like a heavy weight has finally been lifted. I didn’t even realize how heavy it was until it was suddenly removed. The sense of creeping authoritarianism starting with Trump’s covid measures and [increasing](https://x.com/jeffreyatucker/status/1854601849636372798) via the Biden vaccine mandates, [online](https://x.com/ggreenwald/status/1838229864366682188) [censorship](https://x.com/0rf/status/1849552626729246868), the creation of a [disinformation bureau!](https://x.com/mtaibbi/status/1636729246172291078) was demoralizing in the extreme. I live [in Europe](https://x.com/mtaibbi/status/1835397873275707404) where people have been [arrested](https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1820784815815160260) for Facebook posts in the UK, where a law was passed in France [criminalizing](https://x.com/KLVeritas/status/1758126819784401204) criticism of the mRNA shots. The United States with its Bill of Rights was the one place where there was some obstacle in place against these abuses, but [even there](https://x.com/dbenner83/status/1854028975191851189), [prominent](https://x.com/Chris_Liss/status/1829967175656063405/photo/1) and powerful [factions](https://x.com/shellenberger/status/1842759698292056499) were [explicitly](https://x.com/MikeBenzCyber/status/1842778996250976273) calling for [its dismantling](https://x.com/pmarca/status/1840656582717366744).
But perhaps even more troubling was the behavior of ordinary people in response to these measures. I’ve [written at length](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/the-big-bribe) about what I take to be the causes, but more from a 30,000-foot view. I want to express how glad I am personally this behavior will ostensibly no longer be rewarded by those in power.
There is a large class of people who believe they are wiser and morally superior than those who disagree with them. They think that if you voted for candidate A you are a better person than if you voted for B. That who you voted for and how much you verbally signal your concern for various policies is important. One day it could be wearing your mask, another taking your booster, maybe it’s your views on Ukraine or Gaza, systemic racism, climate change or teenagers who believe they’ve been born in the wrong body.
If you don’t come out on the right side of these issues, you are not only mistaken, you are bad, and not just bad, but ignorant and in need of further education. It’s like an entire class of people became the HR department, your entire world was some dystopian corporation encouraging you to stay in line and [accept a pay (energy) cut](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/the-big-bribe) and lower standard of living for the greater good. And that’s assuming you were compliant enough to keep your job in the first place.
Now if this class of people simply excommunicated you from its church — and I know people personally whose families vowed to disown them for voting for Trump — that wouldn’t have been so bad. I mean I don’t need to associate with judgy, intolerant people who aim to stop me from thinking and saying what I earnestly believe. But it was worse than that: They didn’t even respect your right to be left alone.
If you refused to inject yourself with pharmaceutical poison, they wanted to [isolate you from society](https://x.com/LibertyBlitz/status/1657384752519979010). Never mind there was [never any scientific basis](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/the-science-changed) for it, never mind the constitution does not suddenly cease to apply because people are scared of a respiratory virus. And even the people who were silent, who did not beat the drum for this biomedical authoritarianism just went along like that was normal. Like shutting down people’s businesses and telling them where they could travel was just unfortunately necessary and for the greater good of “[public health](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/national-security-and-public-health).”
But while I harp on covid and the disgraceful scourge of vaccine mandates because it was such an extreme example, my larger point is about the ethos, the attitude that the lab coats, the experts, the climate scientists, the economists, the entire modern technocratic priesthood knew what was best for you. I [posted on Twitter once](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/harmful-speech) my decision to decline a colonoscopy (deemed due at my age), gave the caveat that this was neither advice nor even an informed opinion of the cost-benefit of getting one, and [people went insane](https://x.com/Chris_Liss/status/1664625607517274113/photo/2). The notion that I wouldn’t go along with the prevailing medical edicts (what did they care what I did?) was enraging to them. They knew better, I was an idiot, “getting colon cancer to own the libs.”
The truth is, and of this one thing I am certain, *you do not know better than I do*. I am an adult human being, and there is no higher authority in the known universe than me. I can very well make my own errors without compounding them by taking on your flawed presumptions and biases.
Quite obviously there are [technical matters](https://x.com/wideawake_media/status/1855537652658803091) where my expertise is lacking. I am happy to consult those who have it to better inform my judgment and decision-making, the way at trial experts often testify to better inform the jury of ordinary people. But just as it is the ordinary people who must render the verdict, it will always be my judgment and my judgment alone that governs my particular affairs, what medicines I will take, what policies I support, what language I use, with whom I choose to associate, how I feel it’s best to raise my kid, what she should and should not be exposed to at what age. I don’t care how many PhDs you attach to the end of your name — the more the worse if the last few years are any guide — you do not know how to manage my affairs better than I do, and I say that while cognizant that I make mistakes in their administration every single day of my life without exception.
So I have rambled a bit, but I wanted to convey as thoroughly as possible the enormity of the weight I feel lifted off my back as a result of this election. Yes, someone can still continue to be a condescending, insufferable, moralizing asshole, but what’s changed is he is no longer getting rewarded for such behavior by those in power. You can report me to HR for believing climate change (as it’s marketed to the masses) is a [cynical and evil scam](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/the-big-bribe), but when you get to the HR office you’ll find Karen clearing out her desk.
. . .
I understand people have misgivings about some of Trump’s proposed policies, and as with any politician you should be circumspect. I would never guarantee he and his cohorts soon to be in power won’t overstep — he surely did during the covid lockdowns.
But I am certain virtually [every claim](https://x.com/amuse/status/1855251868194402562) instilling so much fear in susceptible people is a [media fabrication](https://x.com/DissidentMedia/status/1854668585572217157), [deliberate distortion](https://x.com/DefiyantlyFree/status/1848394761540866545) or [outright lie](https://x.com/mazemoore/status/1852813382610550805). One tell for me is when people cite [Project 2025](https://x.com/thatsKAIZEN/status/1855402472891994141), insist [he’s going](https://x.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1841295548109955091) to [outlaw abortion](https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1854925721443127782) or jail those for disagreeing with him politically. Not only did you live through four years of people posting all manner of falsehoods (He’s on Putin’s payroll!) under their own names all over social media without consequence, but as [Glenn Greenwald pointed out](https://x.com/ggreenwald/status/1854215946887393542), if that were true why aren’t people like AOC and Rachel Maddow fleeing the country yet?
The answer is obvious: they know all the rhetoric they spewed was fake and performative, even if the [psychological damage](https://x.com/walterkirn/status/1854753916711256404) they did to the credulous is in many cases quite real. Whether you want to venture outside the corporate media propaganda ecosystem to verify these points is up to you. (I have provided many links, and I encourage you to click them.) But [my belief](https://x.com/MarkChangizi/status/1854982806062981544) is no matter your [political persuasion](https://x.com/RnaudBertrand/status/1855804917103124893) whether you realize it or not, like me (and Trump himself coincidentally) you just [dodged](https://x.com/MartyBent/status/1838319344243142659) a serious [bullet](https://x.com/RealCandaceO/status/1855394068739530875).
-
@ a10260a2:caa23e3e
2024-11-10 04:35:34
nostr:npub1nkmta4dmsa7pj25762qxa6yqxvrhzn7ug0gz5frp9g7p3jdscnhsu049fn added support for [classified listings (NIP-99)](https://github.com/sovbiz/Cypher-Nostr-Edition/commit/cd3bf585c77a85421de031db1d8ebd3911ba670d) about a month ago and recently announced this update that allows for creating/editing listings and blog posts via the dashboard.
In other words, listings created on the website are also able to be viewed and edited on other Nostr apps like Amethyst and Shopstr. Interoperability FTW.
I took some screenshots to give you an idea of how things work.
The [home page](https://cypher.space/) is clean with the ability to search for profiles by name, npub, or Nostr address (NIP-05).
Clicking login allows signing in with a browser extension.
The dashboard gives an overview of the amount of notes posted (both short and long form) and products listed.
Existing blog posts (i.e. long form notes) are synced.
Same for product listings. There’s a nice interface to create new ones and preview them before publishing.
That’s all for now. As you can see, super slick stuff!
Bullish on Cypher.
So much so I had to support the project and buy a subdomain. 😎
https://bullish.cypher.space
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/760592
-
@ bcea2b98:7ccef3c9
2024-11-09 17:01:32
Weekends are the perfect time to unwind, explore, or spend time doing what we love. How would you spend your ideal weekend? Would it be all about relaxation, or would you be out and about?
For me, an ideal weekend would start with a slow Saturday morning, a good book and coffee. Then I would spend the afternoon exploring local trails and looking for snacks. Then always a slow Sunday night hopefully.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/760492
-
@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4
2024-11-07 13:56:21
Tutorial feito por Grom mestre⚡poste original abaixo:
http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/240277/tutorial-criando-e-acessando-sua-conta-de-email-pela-i2p?show=240277#q240277
Bom dia/tarde/noite a todos os camaradas.
Seguindo a nossa série de tutoriais referentes a tecnologias essenciais para a segurança e o anonimato dos usuários, sendo as primeiras a openPGP e a I2P, lhes apresento mais uma opção para expandir os seus conhecimentos da DW.
Muitos devem conhecer os serviços de mail na onion como DNMX e mail2tor, mas e que tal um serviço de email pela I2P. Nesse tutorial eu vou mostrar a vocês como criar a sua primeira conta no hq.postman.i2p e a acessar essa conta.
É importante que vocês tenham lido a minha primeira série de tutoriais a respeito de como instalar, configurar e navegar pela I2P nostr:nevent1qqsyjcz2w0e6d6dcdeprhuuarw4aqkw730y542dzlwxwssneq3mwpaspz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqsyp5vcq Esse tutorial é um pré-requisito para o seguinte e portanto recomendo que leia-os antes de prosseguir com o seguinte tutorial. O tutorial de Kleopatra nostr:nevent1qqs8h7vsn5j6qh35949sa60dms4fneussmv9jd76n24lsmtz24k0xlqzyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqgecq8f7 é complementar dado que é extremamente recomendado assinar e criptografar as mensagens que seguem por emails pela DW.
Sem mais delongas, vamos ao tutorial de fato.
## 1. Criando uma conta de email no hq.postman
Relembrando: Esse tutorial considera que você já tenha acesso à I2P.
Entre no seu navegador e acesse o endereço hq.postman.i2p. O roteador provavelmente já contém esse endereço no seu addressbook e não haverá a necessidade de inserir o endereço b32 completo.
Após entrar no site vá para a página '1 - Creating a mailbox'
https://image.nostr.build/d850379fe315d2abab71430949b06d3fa49366d91df4c9b00a4a8367d53fcca3.jpg
Nessa página, insira as credenciais de sua preferências nos campos do formulário abaixo. Lembre-se que o seu endereço de email aceita apenas letras e números. Clique em 'Proceed' depois que preencher todos os campos.
https://image.nostr.build/670dfda7264db393e48391f217e60a2eb87d85c2729360c8ef6fe0cf52508ab4.jpg
Uma página vai aparecer pedindo para confirmar as credenciais da sua nova conta. Se tudo estiver certo apenas clique em 'Confirm and Create Mailbox'. Se tudo ocorrer como conforme haverá uma confirmação de que a sua nova conta foi criada com sucesso. Após isso aguarde por volta de 5 minutos antes de tentar acessá-la, para que haja tempo suficiente para o servidor atualizar o banco de dados.
https://image.nostr.build/ec58fb826bffa60791fedfd9c89a25d592ac3d11645b270c936c60a7c59c067f.jpg
https://image.nostr.build/a2b7710d1e3cbb36431acb9055fd62937986b4da4b1a1bbb06d3f3cb1f544fd3.jpg
Pronto! Sua nova conta de email na I2P foi criada. Agora vamos para a próxima etapa: como acessar a sua conta via um cliente de email.
## 2. Configurando os túneis cliente de SMTP e POP3
O hq.postman não possui um cliente web que nos permite acessar a nossa conta pelo navegador. Para isso precisamos usar um cliente como Thunderbird e configurar os túneis cliente no I2Pd que serão necessários para o Thunderbird se comunicar com o servidor pela I2P.
Caso não tenha instalado o Thunderbird ainda, faça-o agora antes de prosseguir.
Vamos configurar os túneis cliente do servidor de email no nosso roteador. Para isso abra um terminal ou o seu gestor de arquivos e vá para a pasta de configuração de túneis do I2P. Em Linux esse diretório se localiza em /etc/i2pd/tunnels.d. Em Windows, essa pasta se localiza em C:\users\user\APPDATA\i2pd.
Na pasta tunnels.d crie dois arquivos: smtp.postman.conf e pop-postman.conf. Lembre-se que em Linux você precisa de permissões de root para escrever na pasta de configuração. Use o comando sudoedit <nome_do_arquivo> para isso.
Edite-os conforme as imagens a seguir:
Arquivo pop-postman.conf
https://image.nostr.build/7e03505c8bc3b632ca5db1f8eaefc6cecb4743cd2096d211dd90bbdc16fe2593.jpg
Arquivo smtp-postman.conf
https://image.nostr.build/2d06c021841dedd6000c9fc2a641ed519b3be3c6125000b188842cd0a5af3d16.jpg
Salve os arquivos e reinicie o serviço do I2Pd. Em Linux isso é feito pelo comando:
```
sudo systemctl restart i2pd
```
Entre no Webconsole do I2Pd pelo navegador (localhost:7070) e na seção I2P Tunnels, verifique se os túneis pop-postman e smtp-postman foram criados, caso contrário verifique se há algum erro nos arquivos e reinicie o serviço.
Com os túneis cliente criados, vamos agora configurar o Thunderbird
## 3. Configurando o Thunderbird para acessar a nossa conta
Abra o Thunderbird e clique em criar uma nova conta de email. Se você não tiver nenhum conta previamente presente nele você vai ser diretamente recebido pela janela de criação de conta a seguir.
https://image.nostr.build/e9509d7bd30623716ef9adcad76c1d465f5bc3d5840e0c35fe4faa85740f41b4.jpg
https://image.nostr.build/688b59b8352a17389902ec1e99d7484e310d7d287491b34f562b8cdd9dbe8a99.jpg
Coloque as suas credenciais, mas não clique ainda em Continuar. Clique antes em Configure Manually, já que precisamos configurar manualmente os servidores de SMTP e POP3 para, respectivamente, enviar e receber mensagens.
Preencha os campos como na imagem a seguir. Detalhe: Não coloque o seu endereço completo com o @mail.i2p, apenas o nome da sua conta.
https://image.nostr.build/4610b0315c0a3b741965d3d7c1e4aff6425a167297e323ba8490f4325f40cdcc.jpg
Clique em Re-test para verificar a integridade da conexão. Se tudo estiver certo uma mensagem irá aparecer avisando que as configurações do servidores estão corretas. Clique em Done assim que estiver pronto para prosseguir.
https://image.nostr.build/8a47bb292f94b0d9d474d4d4a134f8d73afb84ecf1d4c0a7eb6366d46bf3973a.jpg
A seguinte mensagem vai aparecer alertando que não estamos usando criptografia no envio das credenciais. Não há problema nenhum aqui, pois a I2P está garantindo toda a proteção e anonimato dos nossos dados, o que dispensa a necessidade de uso de TLS ou qualquer tecnologia similar nas camadas acima. Marque a opção 'I Understand the risks' e clique em 'Continue'
https://image.nostr.build/9c1bf585248773297d2cb1d9705c1be3bd815e2be85d4342227f1db2f13a9cc6.jpg
E por fim, se tudo ocorreu como devido sua conta será criada com sucesso e você agora será capaz de enviar e receber emails pela I2P usando essa conta.
https://image.nostr.build/8ba7f2c160453c9bfa172fa9a30b642a7ee9ae3eeb9b78b4dc24ce25aa2c7ecc.jpg
## 4. Observações e considerações finais
Como informado pelo próprio site do hq.postman, o domínio @mail.i2p serve apenas para emails enviados dentro da I2P. Emails enviados pela surface devem usar o domínio @i2pmai.org. É imprescindível que você saiba usar o PGP para assinar e criptografar as suas mensagens, dado que provavelmente as mensagens não são armazenadas de forma criptografada enquanto elas estão armazenadas no servidor. Como o protocolo POP3 delete as mensagens no imediato momento em que você as recebe, não há necessidade de fazer qualquer limpeza na sua conta de forma manual.
Por fim, espero que esse tutorial tenha sido útil para vocês. Que seu conhecimento tenha expandido ainda mais com as informações trazidas aqui. Até a próxima.
-
@ a367f9eb:0633efea
2024-11-05 08:48:41
Last week, an investigation by Reuters revealed that Chinese researchers have been using open-source AI tools to build nefarious-sounding models that may have some military application.
The [reporting](https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/chinese-researchers-develop-ai-model-military-use-back-metas-llama-2024-11-01/) purports that adversaries in the Chinese Communist Party and its military wing are taking advantage of the liberal software licensing of American innovations in the AI space, which could someday have capabilities to presumably harm the United States.
> In a June paper reviewed by Reuters, six Chinese researchers from three institutions, including two under the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) leading research body, the Academy of Military Science (AMS), detailed how they had used an early version of Meta’s Llama as a base for what it calls “ChatBIT”.
>
> The researchers used an earlier Llama 13B large language model (LLM) from Meta, incorporating their own parameters to construct a military-focused AI tool to gather and process intelligence, and offer accurate and reliable information for operational decision-making.
While I’m doubtful that today’s existing chatbot-like tools will be the ultimate battlefield for a new geopolitical war (queue up the computer-simulated war from the Star Trek episode “A Taste of Armageddon“), this recent exposé requires us to revisit why large language models are released as open-source code in the first place.
Added to that, should it matter that an adversary is having a poke around and may ultimately use them for some purpose we may not like, whether that be China, Russia, North Korea, or Iran?
The number of open-source AI LLMs continues to grow each day, with projects like Vicuna, LLaMA, BLOOMB, Falcon, and Mistral available for download. In fact, there are over one million open-source LLMs available as of writing this post. With some decent hardware, every global citizen can download these codebases and run them on their computer.
With regard to this specific story, we could assume it to be a selective leak by a competitor of Meta which created the LLaMA model, intended to harm its reputation among those with cybersecurity and national security credentials. There are potentially trillions of dollars on the line.
Or it could be the revelation of something more sinister happening in the military-sponsored labs of Chinese hackers who have already been caught attacking American infrastructure, data, and yes, your credit history?
As consumer advocates who believe in the necessity of liberal democracies to safeguard our liberties against authoritarianism, we should absolutely remain skeptical when it comes to the communist regime in Beijing. We’ve written as much many times.
At the same time, however, we should not subrogate our own critical thinking and principles because it suits a convenient narrative.
Consumers of all stripes deserve technological freedom, and innovators should be free to provide that to us. And open-source software has provided the very foundations for all of this.
Open-source matters When we discuss open-source software and code, what we’re really talking about is the ability for people other than the creators to use it.
The various licensing schemes – ranging from GNU General Public License (GPL) to the MIT License and various public domain classifications – determine whether other people can use the code, edit it to their liking, and run it on their machine. Some licenses even allow you to monetize the modifications you’ve made.
While many different types of software will be fully licensed and made proprietary, restricting or even penalizing those who attempt to use it on their own, many developers have created software intended to be released to the public. This allows multiple contributors to add to the codebase and to make changes to improve it for public benefit.
Open-source software matters because anyone, anywhere can download and run the code on their own. They can also modify it, edit it, and tailor it to their specific need. The code is intended to be shared and built upon not because of some altruistic belief, but rather to make it accessible for everyone and create a broad base. This is how we create standards for technologies that provide the ground floor for further tinkering to deliver value to consumers.
Open-source libraries create the building blocks that decrease the hassle and cost of building a new web platform, smartphone, or even a computer language. They distribute common code that can be built upon, assuring interoperability and setting standards for all of our devices and technologies to talk to each other.
I am myself a proponent of open-source software. The server I run in my home has dozens of dockerized applications sourced directly from open-source contributors on GitHub and DockerHub. When there are versions or adaptations that I don’t like, I can pick and choose which I prefer. I can even make comments or add edits if I’ve found a better way for them to run.
Whether you know it or not, many of you run the Linux operating system as the base for your Macbook or any other computer and use all kinds of web tools that have active repositories forked or modified by open-source contributors online. This code is auditable by everyone and can be scrutinized or reviewed by whoever wants to (even AI bots).
This is the same software that runs your airlines, powers the farms that deliver your food, and supports the entire global monetary system. The code of the first decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin is also open-source, which has allowed thousands of copycat protocols that have revolutionized how we view money.
You know what else is open-source and available for everyone to use, modify, and build upon?
PHP, Mozilla Firefox, LibreOffice, MySQL, Python, Git, Docker, and WordPress. All protocols and languages that power the web. Friend or foe alike, anyone can download these pieces of software and run them how they see fit.
Open-source code is speech, and it is knowledge.
We build upon it to make information and technology accessible. Attempts to curb open-source, therefore, amount to restricting speech and knowledge.
Open-source is for your friends, and enemies In the context of Artificial Intelligence, many different developers and companies have chosen to take their large language models and make them available via an open-source license.
At this very moment, you can click on over to Hugging Face, download an AI model, and build a chatbot or scripting machine suited to your needs. All for free (as long as you have the power and bandwidth).
Thousands of companies in the AI sector are doing this at this very moment, discovering ways of building on top of open-source models to develop new apps, tools, and services to offer to companies and individuals. It’s how many different applications are coming to life and thousands more jobs are being created.
We know this can be useful to friends, but what about enemies?
As the AI wars heat up between liberal democracies like the US, the UK, and (sluggishly) the European Union, we know that authoritarian adversaries like the CCP and Russia are building their own applications.
The fear that China will use open-source US models to create some kind of military application is a clear and present danger for many political and national security researchers, as well as politicians.
A bipartisan group of US House lawmakers want to put export controls on AI models, as well as block foreign access to US cloud servers that may be hosting AI software.
If this seems familiar, we should also remember that the US government once classified cryptography and encryption as “munitions” that could not be exported to other countries (see The Crypto Wars). Many of the arguments we hear today were invoked by some of the same people as back then.
Now, encryption protocols are the gold standard for many different banking and web services, messaging, and all kinds of electronic communication. We expect our friends to use it, and our foes as well. Because code is knowledge and speech, we know how to evaluate it and respond if we need to.
Regardless of who uses open-source AI, this is how we should view it today. These are merely tools that people will use for good or ill. It’s up to governments to determine how best to stop illiberal or nefarious uses that harm us, rather than try to outlaw or restrict building of free and open software in the first place.
Limiting open-source threatens our own advancement If we set out to restrict and limit our ability to create and share open-source code, no matter who uses it, that would be tantamount to imposing censorship. There must be another way.
If there is a “Hundred Year Marathon” between the United States and liberal democracies on one side and autocracies like the Chinese Communist Party on the other, this is not something that will be won or lost based on software licenses. We need as much competition as possible.
The Chinese military has been building up its capabilities with trillions of dollars’ worth of investments that span far beyond AI chatbots and skip logic protocols.
The theft of intellectual property at factories in Shenzhen, or in US courts by third-party litigation funding coming from China, is very real and will have serious economic consequences. It may even change the balance of power if our economies and countries turn to war footing.
But these are separate issues from the ability of free people to create and share open-source code which we can all benefit from. In fact, if we want to continue our way our life and continue to add to global productivity and growth, it’s demanded that we defend open-source.
If liberal democracies want to compete with our global adversaries, it will not be done by reducing the freedoms of citizens in our own countries.
Last week, an investigation by Reuters revealed that Chinese researchers have been using open-source AI tools to build nefarious-sounding models that may have some military application.
The reporting purports that adversaries in the Chinese Communist Party and its military wing are taking advantage of the liberal software licensing of American innovations in the AI space, which could someday have capabilities to presumably harm the United States.
> In a June paper reviewed by[ Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/chinese-researchers-develop-ai-model-military-use-back-metas-llama-2024-11-01/), six Chinese researchers from three institutions, including two under the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) leading research body, the Academy of Military Science (AMS), detailed how they had used an early version of Meta’s Llama as a base for what it calls “ChatBIT”.
>
> The researchers used an earlier Llama 13B large language model (LLM) from Meta, incorporating their own parameters to construct a military-focused AI tool to gather and process intelligence, and offer accurate and reliable information for operational decision-making.
While I’m doubtful that today’s existing chatbot-like tools will be the ultimate battlefield for a new geopolitical war (queue up the computer-simulated war from the *Star Trek* episode “[A Taste of Armageddon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Taste_of_Armageddon)“), this recent exposé requires us to revisit why large language models are released as open-source code in the first place.
Added to that, should it matter that an adversary is having a poke around and may ultimately use them for some purpose we may not like, whether that be China, Russia, North Korea, or Iran?
The number of open-source AI LLMs continues to grow each day, with projects like Vicuna, LLaMA, BLOOMB, Falcon, and Mistral available for download. In fact, there are over [one million open-source LLMs](https://huggingface.co/models) available as of writing this post. With some decent hardware, every global citizen can download these codebases and run them on their computer.
With regard to this specific story, we could assume it to be a selective leak by a competitor of Meta which created the LLaMA model, intended to harm its reputation among those with cybersecurity and national security credentials. There are [potentially](https://bigthink.com/business/the-trillion-dollar-ai-race-to-create-digital-god/) trillions of dollars on the line.
Or it could be the revelation of something more sinister happening in the military-sponsored labs of Chinese hackers who have already been caught attacking American[ infrastructure](https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/chinese-hackers-cisa-cyber-5-years-us-infrastructure-attack-rcna137706),[ data](https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/05/politics/chinese-hackers-us-telecoms/index.html), and yes, [your credit history](https://thespectator.com/topic/chinese-communist-party-credit-history-equifax/)?
**As consumer advocates who believe in the necessity of liberal democracies to safeguard our liberties against authoritarianism, we should absolutely remain skeptical when it comes to the communist regime in Beijing. We’ve written as much[ many times](https://consumerchoicecenter.org/made-in-china-sold-in-china/).**
At the same time, however, we should not subrogate our own critical thinking and principles because it suits a convenient narrative.
Consumers of all stripes deserve technological freedom, and innovators should be free to provide that to us. And open-source software has provided the very foundations for all of this.
## **Open-source matters**
When we discuss open-source software and code, what we’re really talking about is the ability for people other than the creators to use it.
The various [licensing schemes](https://opensource.org/licenses) – ranging from GNU General Public License (GPL) to the MIT License and various public domain classifications – determine whether other people can use the code, edit it to their liking, and run it on their machine. Some licenses even allow you to monetize the modifications you’ve made.
While many different types of software will be fully licensed and made proprietary, restricting or even penalizing those who attempt to use it on their own, many developers have created software intended to be released to the public. This allows multiple contributors to add to the codebase and to make changes to improve it for public benefit.
Open-source software matters because anyone, anywhere can download and run the code on their own. They can also modify it, edit it, and tailor it to their specific need. The code is intended to be shared and built upon not because of some altruistic belief, but rather to make it accessible for everyone and create a broad base. This is how we create standards for technologies that provide the ground floor for further tinkering to deliver value to consumers.
Open-source libraries create the building blocks that decrease the hassle and cost of building a new web platform, smartphone, or even a computer language. They distribute common code that can be built upon, assuring interoperability and setting standards for all of our devices and technologies to talk to each other.
I am myself a proponent of open-source software. The server I run in my home has dozens of dockerized applications sourced directly from open-source contributors on GitHub and DockerHub. When there are versions or adaptations that I don’t like, I can pick and choose which I prefer. I can even make comments or add edits if I’ve found a better way for them to run.
Whether you know it or not, many of you run the Linux operating system as the base for your Macbook or any other computer and use all kinds of web tools that have active repositories forked or modified by open-source contributors online. This code is auditable by everyone and can be scrutinized or reviewed by whoever wants to (even AI bots).
This is the same software that runs your airlines, powers the farms that deliver your food, and supports the entire global monetary system. The code of the first decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin is also [open-source](https://github.com/bitcoin), which has allowed [thousands](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/bitcoin-is-money-for-enemies) of copycat protocols that have revolutionized how we view money.
You know what else is open-source and available for everyone to use, modify, and build upon?
PHP, Mozilla Firefox, LibreOffice, MySQL, Python, Git, Docker, and WordPress. All protocols and languages that power the web. Friend or foe alike, anyone can download these pieces of software and run them how they see fit.
Open-source code is speech, and it is knowledge.
We build upon it to make information and technology accessible. Attempts to curb open-source, therefore, amount to restricting speech and knowledge.
## **Open-source is for your friends, and enemies**
In the context of Artificial Intelligence, many different developers and companies have chosen to take their large language models and make them available via an open-source license.
At this very moment, you can click on over to[ Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/), download an AI model, and build a chatbot or scripting machine suited to your needs. All for free (as long as you have the power and bandwidth).
Thousands of companies in the AI sector are doing this at this very moment, discovering ways of building on top of open-source models to develop new apps, tools, and services to offer to companies and individuals. It’s how many different applications are coming to life and thousands more jobs are being created.
We know this can be useful to friends, but what about enemies?
As the AI wars heat up between liberal democracies like the US, the UK, and (sluggishly) the European Union, we know that authoritarian adversaries like the CCP and Russia are building their own applications.
The fear that China will use open-source US models to create some kind of military application is a clear and present danger for many political and national security researchers, as well as politicians.
A bipartisan group of US House lawmakers want to put [export controls](https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-lawmakers-unveil-bill-make-it-easier-restrict-exports-ai-models-2024-05-10/) on AI models, as well as block foreign access to US cloud servers that may be hosting AI software.
If this seems familiar, we should also remember that the US government once classified cryptography and encryption as “munitions” that could not be exported to other countries (see[ The Crypto Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export_of_cryptography_from_the_United_States)). Many of the arguments we hear today were invoked by some of the same people as back then.
Now, encryption protocols are the gold standard for many different banking and web services, messaging, and all kinds of electronic communication. We expect our friends to use it, and our foes as well. Because code is knowledge and speech, we know how to evaluate it and respond if we need to.
Regardless of who uses open-source AI, this is how we should view it today. These are merely tools that people will use for good or ill. It’s up to governments to determine how best to stop illiberal or nefarious uses that harm us, rather than try to outlaw or restrict building of free and open software in the first place.
## **Limiting open-source threatens our own advancement**
If we set out to restrict and limit our ability to create and share open-source code, no matter who uses it, that would be tantamount to imposing censorship. There must be another way.
If there is a “[Hundred Year Marathon](https://www.amazon.com/Hundred-Year-Marathon-Strategy-Replace-Superpower/dp/1250081343)” between the United States and liberal democracies on one side and autocracies like the Chinese Communist Party on the other, this is not something that will be won or lost based on software licenses. We need as much competition as possible.
The Chinese military has been building up its capabilities with [trillions of dollars’](https://www.economist.com/china/2024/11/04/in-some-areas-of-military-strength-china-has-surpassed-america) worth of investments that span far beyond AI chatbots and skip logic protocols.
The [theft](https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/06/20/1075088/chinese-amazon-seller-counterfeit-lawsuit/) of intellectual property at factories in Shenzhen, or in US courts by [third-party litigation funding](https://nationalinterest.org/blog/techland/litigation-finance-exposes-our-judicial-system-foreign-exploitation-210207) coming from China, is very real and will have serious economic consequences. It may even change the balance of power if our economies and countries turn to war footing.
But these are separate issues from the ability of free people to create and share open-source code which we can all benefit from. In fact, if we want to continue our way our life and continue to add to global productivity and growth, it’s demanded that we defend open-source.
If liberal democracies want to compete with our global adversaries, it will not be done by reducing the freedoms of citizens in our own countries.
*Originally published on the website of the [Consumer Choice Center](https://consumerchoicecenter.org/open-source-is-for-everyone-even-your-adversaries/).*
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-11-04 13:56:00
Week 9 had some redeeming value, and it’ll have more if the Bucs cover the spread tonight against the Chiefs, in which case I’ll win a double-week in my home pool.
As it stands I went 4-1 ATS to kick of Q3 in Circa Millions, and I was so close to being 5-0 but Danny Dimes, the great Danny Dimes, failed on two two-point conversions, during one of which he took a sack! How do you take a sack on a two-point conversion? Get rid of the goddamn ball! Just throw it up for grabs FFS! How does he not get rid of the ball?
The Giants also got cheated out of a TD on a very ticky-tack offensive PI and had to settle for a FG. Basically, I went 4-1 the right way — four wins on no-doubters and a loss on a very close one. This is in contrast to earlier in the year where I’d go 2-3, winning the two barely and being on the wrong side of three blowouts. (The no-doubters were CIN, LAC, BAL and ARZ.)
Seslowsky and I also won easily in Survivor with the Ravens, while some people got bounced with the Saints. More would have lost with the Eagles, but Trevor Lawrence (who is in the Tannehill/Dimes lineage) threw an egregious, game-sealing pick on first down! for no reason. There are still a couple hundred people alive, and the pool is only about $70K, so it’s not really exciting yet.
My Primetime team did well with Harrison Butker pending, and that was despite having Jeremy McNichols at flex as a last-second sub for Brian Robinson. Apparently, the guy can take a bullet, but can’t make it through pre-game warmups with a hamstring injury. (The Primetime got off to a good start Thursday night and had JK Dobbins, Jahmyr Gibbs and Jaxon Smith-Njigba yesterday.) One of my two BCLs did well too, though the attrition with the wideouts is taking a toll with Stefon Diggs gone and Drake London getting hurt too.
The only really bad performance was my first-place Steak League team that had Chris Olave, McNichols in for Robinson and Isaiah Unlikely at TE. That team is now on the ropes after losing Diggs, and now CeeDee Lamb is hurt and so is his QB.
- It’s bizarre that old, high-workload running backs like Derrick Henry, Saquon Barkley, James Conner and Alvin Kamara have held up just fine while supposedly safer receivers like A.J. Brown, Diggs, Puka Nacua, Cooper Kupp, London, Olave, Rashee Rice, Brandon Aiyuk, Nico Collins, Davante Adams, Tyreek Hill, Jaylen Waddle, Devonta Smith, D.K. Metcalf, Chris Godwin, Mike Evans and Malik Nabers have all missed or are likely to miss time. You’re really ahead of the game if you drafted Ja’Marr Chase or Justin Jefferson.
- Danny Dimes played well except the disastrous two-point tries. Why are they snapping to him in shotgun when they only need to gain two yards? Why turn a two-yard try into a seven-yard one? I saw the Broncos do this on 4th-and-1 too, which is even worse.
- The Giants didn’t throw to Nabers the entire first half for God knows what reason. Brian Daboll is just an odd coach.
- The Giants defense was so frustrating, giving up a scoring drive first by surrending a 3rd-and-18 and later allowing an 18-yard TD pass to Terry McLaurin 1-on-1 when the Indigenous Peoples had no timeouts and only 11 seconds left in the half. I mean if there’s one guy to cover in that situation on that team it’s him.
- It was pretty annoying seeing Chris Rodriguez in the game subbing for Austin Ekeler and getting goal line work when I had started McNichols in two places for Robinson.
- The Cowboys are toast, obviously. Losing Micah Parsons and having no running backs or receiver depth with Mike McCarthy as a coach was too much. Now Dak Prescott is hurt, and Lamb is banged up too.
- At least London had the decency to score a TD before getting hurt. He’s no Chris Olave who has done it twice now. That kind of thing just kills your season.
- Bijan Robinson was back to his RB1 usage, though I was happy to see Tyler Allgeier get the TD.
- I started Jaylen Waddle over Ladd McConkey in a league and was aghast until Waddle’s late TD. Unfortunately he gave back all his yardage on a desperation, last-second failed lateral play. Waddle and Tyreek Hill combined for only seven targets. I get using Jonnu Smith and De’Von Achane in the passing game, but you can’t neglect your stars.
- Achane is a monster fantasy player when healthy and with Tua back.
- I was high on Dalton Kincaid this year, but maybe he’s just a guy.
- The Brock Bowers garbage time TD was nice, but I sat Mike Gesicki for Jonnu Smith in my dynasty league, and that hurts.
- The Bengals need to get the ball to Chase more than two yards down the field.
- The Raiders are a ridiculous team.
- I laid the wood with the Chargers because I figured this Jameis Winston would show up against a decent defense. Cedric Tillman seems to be for real though, and he saw another 11 targets.
- Dobbins was rough going until a couple big plays late.
- Quentin Johnston comes out of nowhere every so often, but you can’t use him. McConkey is still the WR1 there.
- The last second Drake Maye play to send the game to overtime was amazing. He held on forever before chucking it up for grabs for the Rhamondre Stevenson TD. Dimes would 100 percent have taken the sack there.
- Kamara saw 29 carries and nine targets, got 215 yards from scrimmage. Even Christian McCaffrey is jealous of that workload.
- Without Olave, the two leading receivers were Kamara and Taysom Hill, who were also the leading rushers. Olave got his second concussion in a few weeks, so he could be in Tua territory too.
- Jonathon Brooks comes back next week, but he probably won’t supplant Chuba Hubbard right away as Hubbard is pretty good.
- Lamar Jackson had a perfect QB rating, just makes it look easy. Derrick Henry too.
- I can’t decide if Bo Nix has a future or not. He made a nice TD \*catch\* while covered though.
- The Eagles were blowing out the Jaguars, and then after a fumble-return TD, out of nowhere, it was a game. The Jaguars could have won too but for Lawrence’s unbelievably senseless pick on first down with plenty of time left. If you’re not gonna cover, just do the right thing and lose.
- DeVonta Smith was quiet most of the game but made one of the sickest one-handed catches of all time at the very back of the end zone for a necessary TD, it turned out. If Brown misses time with a knee injury, Smith \*should\* see more work, though game flow Sunday resulted in only six targets. Dallas Goedert might be out for longer too.
- With Brian Thomas not 100 percent, the backs splitting carries and Lawrence vulturing at the goal line, it’s hard to use any Jaguars besides Evan Engram.
- The Cardinals ran roughshod over the Bears from start to finish.
- Jordan Love didn’t seem healthy, but Jayden Reed finally did.
- Jared Goff didn’t have to do much for the second straight game. The Lions are a juggernaut behind that offensive line.
- JSN was having a quiet day, and then suddenly with the last play of the first half, Geno Smith decides to target him for a TD. And then he went crazy in the fourth quarter too. The sporadic use of top receivers is so odd to me. It’s like they finally decide to stop throwing to the third-string tight end, it works, and then it hits them they can throw to JSN every play. In fact, it’s why we took him in the first round last year even! Who knew?
- Smith also took seven sacks. The Seahawks are one of the worst pass-protecting teams in the league.
- Puka Nacua got ejected for throwing a punch, and I thought Cooper Kupp would get 20 catches after that. But DeMarcus Robinson, who caught another two TDs, including the game winner in overtime, has a real role and is clearly the team’s No. 3 now.
- The Sunday night game went almost perfectly. I had the Vikings defense (that last second PI that negated a pick and gave Indy the field goal was unfortunate), was going against Joe Flacco and two of his receivers and had the Vikings ATS. I also had Darnold who redeemed ever-so-slightly my destroyed Steak League team.
- Keep an eye on Cam Akers — he looked good and seems like the No. 2 now.
- The Colts have to turn back to Anthony Richardson, make the one-game benching his sole punishment. I saw he was dropped in a couple of my leagues, and I will put in bids for him.
-
@ 8cd9d25d:69e9894d
2024-11-04 11:40:33
Baking notes
Recipe adapted from Youtube Video by The Cool Kitchen - https://www.youtube.com/@TheCoolKitchen
Note that youtube recipe is asking for 1tablespoon of salt, which is waaaaaay too much. Recipe works fine with a teaspoon,, but your mileage may vary. Play around with it.
You don't need to proove modern packet yeasts in my experience... just yolo it.
If you want an extra crispy crust, add a second baking pan to the base of the oven as you pre-heat. Then once you've placed the dough in, to the oven, take some boiling water and pour into the second baking tray. This gives you a steam oven on a budget :)
Details
⏲️ Prep time: 15mins (not including time for dough rises)
🍳 Cook time: 30mins
🍽️ Servings: 5
Ingredients
• 500 grams wholemeal spelt flour
• 1 packet baker's yeast (10grams)
• 350 ml lukewarm water
• 1 tablespoon honey
• 1 teaspoon salt 🧂
Directions
• Preheat your oven to Preheat oven to 430°F and put a baking tray in at the same time to heat up.
• Add all ingredients to a bowl (best to use a stand mixer to save time, but you can do by hand too. Mix and knead until the dough comes together. After about 5 mins you should have a moist dough that doesn't stick to your hands... if it is a bit sticky, just add a bit more flour (different flours like differenent amounts of water)... If too dry, add a bit more water... etc.
• Remove dough from bowl & form into a ball (smooth on top, never mind if not perfectly smooth on its base). Put back in a bowl and cover with a damp cloth. Allow to rest for 30mins/1hr until dough has roughly doubled in size. Time will depend on the ambient temp where you are. In the tropics, 30mins is just fine.
• Take risen dough out of bowl and put on a floured surface and press the gas out of it... flatten the dough with your hands, and then fold each edge in until you have a rectangle (video makes this bit clear). Then roll the rectangle up into a cylinder. This gives you a nice tight dough for baking. Pinch the ends of the cylinder to seal the dough.
• Place dough onto a baking sheet/ piece of parchment paper etc... cover with damp towlel and let rise for 15/30mins
• Score the risen dough (a razer blade, clean box cutter, or serrated knife works well) , this lets steam escape from the loaf as it bakes without slpititng it in ways you wouldn't like.
• Take your hot baking tray out of the over and transfer your dough onto it. Pop into oven.
• Bake at 430°F (220°C) for 15mins, then reduce oven temp to 350°F (180°C) for the final 15mins. Total bake time 30mins.
• Remove from oven and allow to cool for 20-30mins
Enjoy :)
-
@ 09fbf8f3:fa3d60f0
2024-11-02 08:00:29
> ### 第三方API合集：
---
免责申明:
在此推荐的 OpenAI API Key 由第三方代理商提供，所以我们不对 API Key 的 有效性 和 安全性 负责，请你自行承担购买和使用 API Key 的风险。
| 服务商 | 特性说明 | Proxy 代理地址 | 链接 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AiHubMix | 使用 OpenAI 企业接口，全站模型价格为官方 86 折（含 GPT-4 ）| https://aihubmix.com/v1 | [官网](https://aihubmix.com?aff=mPS7) |
| OpenAI-HK | OpenAI的API官方计费模式为，按每次API请求内容和返回内容tokens长度来定价。每个模型具有不同的计价方式，以每1,000个tokens消耗为单位定价。其中1,000个tokens约为750个英文单词（约400汉字）| https://api.openai-hk.com/ | [官网](https://openai-hk.com/?i=45878) |
| CloseAI | CloseAI是国内规模最大的商用级OpenAI代理平台，也是国内第一家专业OpenAI中转服务，定位于企业级商用需求，面向企业客户的线上服务提供高质量稳定的官方OpenAI API 中转代理，是百余家企业和多家科研机构的专用合作平台。 | https://api.openai-proxy.org | [官网](https://www.closeai-asia.com/) |
| OpenAI-SB | 需要配合Telegram 获取api key | https://api.openai-sb.com | [官网](https://www.openai-sb.com/) |
` 持续更新。。。`
---
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-
@ 06639a38:655f8f71
2024-11-01 22:32:51
One year ago I wrote the article [Why Nostr resonates](https://sebastix.nl/blog/why-nostr-resonates/) in Dutch and English after I visited the Bitcoin Amsterdam 2023 conference and the Nostrdam event. It got published at [bitcoinfocus.nl](https://bitcoinfocus.nl/2023/11/02/278-waarom-nostr-resoneert/) (translated in Dutch). The main reason why I wrote that piece is that I felt that my gut feeling was tellinng me that Nostr is going to change many things on the web.
After the article was published, one of the first things I did was setting up this page on my website: [https://sebastix.nl/nostr-research-and-development](https://sebastix.nl/nostr-research-and-development). The page contains this section (which I updated on 31-10-2024):
One metric I would like to highlight is the number of repositories on Github. Compared to a year ago, there are already more than 1130 repositories now on Github tagged with Nostr. Let's compare this number to other social media protocols and decentralized platforms (24-10-2024):
* Fediverse: 522
* ATProto: 159
* Scuttlebot: 49
* Farcaster: 202
* Mastodon: 1407
* ActivityPub: 444
Nostr is growing. FYI there are many Nostr repositories not hosted on Github, so the total number of Nostr reposities is higher. I know that many devs are using their own Git servers to host it. We're even capable of setting up Nostr native Git repositories (for example, see [https://gitworkshop.dev/repos](https://gitworkshop.dev/repos)). Eventually, Nostr will make Github (and other platforms) absolute.
Let me continue summarizing my personal Nostr highlights of last year.
## Organising Nostr meetups
This is me playing around with the NostrDebug tool showing how you can query data from Nostr relays. Jurjen is standing behind me. He is one of the people I've met this year who I'm sure I will have a long-term friendship with.
## OpenSats grant for Nostr-PHP
In December 2023 I submitted my application for a OpenSats grant for the further development of the Nostr-PHP helper library. After some months I finally got the message that my application was approved... When I got the message I was really stoked and excited. It's a great form of appreciation for the work I had done so far and with this grant I get the opportunity to take the work to another higher level. So please check out the work done for so far:
* [https://nostr-php.dev](https://nostr-php.dev)
* [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php)
## Meeting Dries
One of my goosebumps moments I had in 2022 when I saw that the founder and tech lead of Drupal Dries Buytaert posted '[Nostr, love at first sight](https://dri.es/nostr-love-at-first-sight)' on his blog. These types of moments are very rare moment where two different worlds merge where I wouldn't expect it. Later on I noticed that Dries would come to the yearly Dutch Drupal event. For me this was a perfect opportunity to meet him in person and have some Nostr talks. I admire the work he is doing for Drupal and the community. I hope we can bridge Nostr stuff in some way to Drupal. In general this applies for any FOSS project out there.
[Here](https://sebastix.nl/blog/photodump-and-highlights-drupaljam-2024/) is my recap of that Drupal event.
## Attending Nostriga
A conference where history is made and written. I felt it immediately at the first sessions I attended. I will never forget the days I had at Nostriga. I don't have the words to describe what it brought to me.
I also pushed myself out of my comfort zone by giving a keynote called 'POSSE with Nostr - how we pivot away from API's with one of Nostr superpowers'. I'm not sure if this is something I would do again, but I've learned a lot from it.
You can find the presentation [here](https://nostriga.nostrver.se/). It is recorded, but I'm not sure if and when it gets published.
## Nostr billboard advertisement
This advertisment was shown on a billboard beside the [A58 highway in The Netherlands](https://www.google.nl/maps/@51.5544315,4.5607291,3a,75y,34.72h,93.02t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sdQv9nm3J9SdUQCD0caFR-g!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?coh=205409&entry=ttu) from September 2nd till September 16th 2024. You can find all the assets and more footage of the billboard ad here: [https://gitlab.com/sebastix-group/nostr/nostr-ads](https://gitlab.com/sebastix-group/nostr/nostr-ads). My goal was to set an example of how we could promote Nostr in more traditional ways and inspire others to do the same. In Brazil a fundraiser was achieved to do something similar there: [https://geyser.fund/project/nostrifybrazil](https://geyser.fund/project/nostrifybrazil).
## Volunteering at Nostr booths growNostr
This was such a great motivating experience. Attending as a volunteer at the Nostr booth during the Bitcoin Amsterdam 2024 conference. Please read my note with all the lessons I learned [here](https://nostrver.se/note/my-learned-nostr-lessons-nostr-booth-bitcoin-amsterdam-2024).
## The other stuff
* The Nostr related blog articles I wrote past year:
* [**Run a Nostr relay with your own policies**](https://sebastix.nl/blog/run-a-nostr-relay-with-your-own-policies/) (02-04-2024)
* [**Why social networks should be based on commons**](https://sebastix.nl/blog/why-social-networks-should-be-based-on-commons/) (03-01-2024)
* [**How could Drupal adopt Nostr?**](https://sebastix.nl/blog/how-could-drupal-adopt-nostr/) (30-12-2023)
* [**Nostr integration for CCHS.social**](https://sebastix.nl/blog/nostr-integration-for-cchs-social-drupal-cms/) (21-12-2023)
* [https://ccns.nostrver.se](https://ccns.nostrver.se)
CCNS stands for Community Curated Nostr Stuff. At the end of 2023 I started to build this project. I forked an existing Drupal project of mine (https://cchs.social) to create a link aggregation website inspired by stacker.news. At the beginning of 2024 I also joined the TopBuilder 2024 contest which was a productive period getting to know new people in the Bitcoin and Nostr space.
* [https://nuxstr.nostrver.se](https://nuxstr.nostrver.se)
PHP is not my only language I use to build stuff. As a fullstack webdeveloper I also work with Javascript. Many Nostr clients are made with Javascript frameworks or other more client-side focused tools. Vuejs is currently my Javascript framework I'm the most convenient with. With Vuejs I started to tinker around with Nuxt combined with NDK and so I created a starter template for Vue / Nuxt developers.
* [ZapLamp](nostr:npub1nfrsmpqln23ls7y3e4m29c22x3qaq9wmmr7zkfcttty2nk2kd6zs9re52s)
This is a neat DIY package from LNbits. Powered by an Arduino ESP32 dev board it was running a 24/7 livestream on zap.stream at my office. It flashes when you send a zap to the npub of the ZapLamp.
* [https://nosto.re](https://nosto.re)
Since the beginning when the Blossom spec was published by @hzrd49 and @StuartBowman I immediately took the opportunity to tinker with it. I'm also running a relay for transmitting Blossom Nostr events `wss://relay.nosto.re`.
* [Relays I maintain](https://nostrver.se/note/relays-i-maintain)
I really enjoy to tinker with different relays implementations. Relays are the fundamental base layer to let Nostr work.
I'm still sharing my contributions on [https://nostrver.se/](https://nostrver.se/) where I publish my weekly Nostr related stuff I worked on. This website is built with Drupal where I use the Nostr Simple Publish and Nostr long-form content NIP-23 modules to crosspost the notes and long-form content to the Nostr network (like this piece of content you're reading).
## The Nostr is the people
Just like the web, the web is people: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCgvkslCzTo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCgvkslCzTo)
> the people on nostr are some of the smartest and coolest i’ve ever got to know. who cares if it doesn’t take over the world. It’s done more than i could ever ask for. - [@jb55](nostr:note1fsfqja9kkvzuhe5yckff3gkkeqe7upxqljg2g4nkjzp5u9y7t25qx43uch)
Here are some Nostriches who I'm happy to have met and who influenced my journey in Nostr in a positive way.
* Jurjen
* Bitpopart
* Arjen
* Jeroen
* Alex Gleason
* Arnold Lubach
* Nathan Day
* Constant
* fiatjaf
* Sync
## Coming year
Generally I will continue doing what I've done last year. Besides the time I spent on Nostr stuff, I'm also very busy with Drupal related work for my customers. I hope I can get the opportunity to work on a paid client project related to Nostr. It will be even better when I can combine my Drupal expertise with Nostr for projects paid by customers.
### Building a new Nostr application
When I look at my Nostr backlog where I just put everything in with ideas and notes, there are quite some interesting concepts there for building new Nostr applications. Filtering out, I think these three are the most exciting ones:
* nEcho, a micro app for optimizing your reach via Nostr (NIP-65)
* Nostrides.cc platform where you can share Nostr activity events (NIP-113)
* A child-friendly video web app with parent-curated content (NIP-71)
### Nostr & Drupal
When working out a new idea for a Nostr client, I'm trying to combine my expertises into one solution. That's why I also build and maintain some Nostr contrib modules for Drupal.
* [Nostr Simple Publish](https://www.drupal.org/project/nostr_simple_publish)
Drupal module to cross-post notes from Drupal to Nostr
* [Nostr long-form content NIP-23](https://www.drupal.org/project/nostr_content_nip23)
Drupal module to cross-post Markdown formatted content from Drupal to Nostr
* [Nostr internet identifier NIP-05](https://www.drupal.org/project/nostr_id_nip05)
Drupal module to setup Nostr internet identifier addresses with Drupal.
* [Nostr NDK](https://drupal.org/project/nostr_dev_kit)
Includes the Javascript library Nostr Dev Kit (NDK) in a Drupal project.
One of my (very) ambitious goals is to build a Drupal powered Nostr (website) package with the following main features:
* Able to login into Drupal with your Nostr keypair
* Cross-post content to the Nostr network
* Fetch your Nostr content from the Nostr content
* Serve as a content management system (CMS) for your Nostr events
* Serve as a framework to build a hybrid Nostr web application
* Run and maintain a Nostr relay with custom policies
* Usable as a feature rich progressive web app
* Use it as a remote signer
These are just some random ideas as my Nostr + Drupal backlog is way longer than this.
### Nostr-PHP
With all the newly added and continues being updated NIPs in the protocol, this helper library will never be finished. As the sole maintainer of this library I would like to invite others to join as a maintainer or just be a contributor to the library. PHP is big on the web, but there are not many PHP developers active yet using Nostr. Also PHP as a programming language is really pushing forward keeping up with the latest innovations.
### Grow Nostr outside the Bitcoin community
We are working out a submission to host a Nostr stand at FOSDEM 2025. If approved, it will be the first time (as far as I know) that Nostr could be present at a conference outside the context of Bitcoin. The audience at FOSDEM is mostly technical oriented, so I'm really curious what type of feedback we will receive.
Let's finish this article with some random Nostr photos from last year. Cheers!
-
@ cf5b8c65:494a0912
2024-10-31 11:55:39
Estoy probando un plugin para Obisidian que permite publicar directamente en NOSTR los artículos que has creado en Obsidian.
-
@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-10-30 09:32:15
I went 3-2 last week to put myself at a decent 13-7 for Q2. This is the start of Q3, and realistically to have a shot at the quarterly prize, I’ll need a 4-1 week — or better. Seems like I’m back in the flow after a rough start at least.
**Texans at Jets** — I’d say maybe Texans +2.5 given their WR decimation and inability to pass protect. I’d probably take the Jets too.
**Cowboys at Falcons** — The Cowboys are a disaster, but the Falcons are nothing special, either. I’ll make the line three. If anything, I’m taking the Cowboys.
**Dolphins at Bills** — The Bills are good now. They have the offense in gear with Keon Coleman emerging and Amari Cooper in the fold. The Dolphins are back with Tua now too. I’ll say Dolphins +5.5 and probably take them to keep it close.
**Raiders at Bengals** — The Bengals never deliver for me, but the Raiders are really bad. I’ll say Raiders +7.5 and probably lay the wood if I had to.
**Chargers at Browns** — Jameis Winston gave the Browns new life last week, but he’ll still make catastrophic mistakes. Chargers -1.5, and maybe take the Chargers.
**Patriots at Titans** — I prefer Drake Maye over Jacoby Brissett, but it’s probably not that big of a difference at this point. The Patriots seem to have some purpose, the Titans have none. I’ll go Patriots +1.5 and stay away.
**Indiginous Peoples at Giants** — The Giants defense is good, but Danny Dimes is killing them. Still, the Giants are the play here. I imagine it’ll be IP -2.5 or so.
**Saints at Panthers** — If Derek Carr is back, this should be Saints -4.5. This is a stay away for me.
**Broncos at Ravens** — The Broncos are a nice story, but I’m laying the wood here. I’d expect it to be Ravens -7.5 or something that looks really big but isn’t.
**Jaguars at Eagles** — My temptation would be to sell the Eagles high, but you can’t count on the Jaguars. Stay away. I’ll say Jaguars +7.5 FWIW.
**Bears at Cardinals** — The Bears had a miraculous comeback, then lost on a Hail Mary. That’s a tough one from which to move on. I’ll say Bears +2.5 and take the Cardinals who are playing better of late.
**Lions at Packers** — If Jordan Love plays, I’d make this a pick ‘em in Green Bay and probably take the Lions.
**Rams at Seahawks** — Matthew Stafford is better than Geno Smith, and the rest of the teams are about even. I expect it to be Rams +1.5 and take them.
**Colts at Vikings** — The Colts with Joe Flacco are okay. The Vikings are reeling from a couple close losses. I’ll make it Colts +6.5 and probably stay away.
-
@ 3f770d65:7a745b24
2024-10-29 17:38:20
**Amber**
[Amber](https://github.com/greenart7c3/Amber) is a Nostr event signer for Android that allows users to securely segregate their private key (nsec) within a single, dedicated application. Designed to function as a NIP-46 signing device, Amber ensures your smartphone can sign events without needing external servers or additional hardware, keeping your private key exposure to an absolute minimum. This approach aligns with the security rationale of NIP-46, which states that each additional system handling private keys increases potential vulnerability. With Amber, no longer do users need to enter their private key into various Nostr applications.
<img src="https://cdn.satellite.earth/b42b649a16b8f51b48f482e304135ad325ec89386b5614433334431985d4d60d.jpg">
Amber is supported by a growing list of apps, including [Amethyst](https://www.amethyst.social/), [0xChat](https://0xchat.com/#/), [Voyage](https://github.com/dluvian/voyage), [Fountain](https://fountain.fm/), and [Pokey](https://github.com/KoalaSat/pokey), as well as any web application that supports NIP-46 NSEC bunkers, such as [Nostr Nests](https://nostrnests.com), [Coracle](https://coracle.social), [Nostrudel](https://nostrudel.ninja), and more. With expanding support, Amber provides an easy solution for secure Nostr key management across numerous platforms.
<img src="https://cdn.satellite.earth/5b5d4fb9925fabb0005eafa291c47c33778840438438679dfad5662a00644c90.jpg">
Amber supports both native and web-based Nostr applications, aiming to eliminate the need for browser extensions or web servers. Key features include offline signing, multiple account support, and NIP-46 compatibility, and includes a simple UI for granular permissions management. Amber is designed to support signing events in the background, enhancing flexibility when you select the "remember my choice" option, eliminating the need to constantly be signing events for applications that you trust. You can download the app from it's [GitHub](https://github.com/greenart7c3/Amber) page, via [Obtainium ](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium)or Zap.store.
To log in with Amber, simply tap the "Login with Amber" button or icon in a supported application, or you can paste the NSEC bunker connection string directly into the login box. For example, use a connection string like this: bunker://npub1tj2dmc4udvgafxxxxxxxrtgne8j8l6rgrnaykzc8sys9mzfcz@relay.nsecbunker.com.
<img src="https://cdn.satellite.earth/ca2156bfa084ee16dceea0739e671dd65c5f8d92d0688e6e59cc97faac199c3b.jpg">
---
**Citrine**
[Citrine](https://github.com/greenart7c3/Citrine) is a Nostr relay built specifically for Android, allowing Nostr clients on Android devices to seamlessly send and receive events through a relay running directly on their smartphone. This mobile relay setup offers Nostr users enhanced flexibility, enabling them to manage, share, and back up all their Nostr data locally on their device. Citrine’s design supports independence and data security by keeping data accessible and under user control.
<img src="https://cdn.satellite.earth/46bbc10ca2efb3ca430fcb07ec3fe6629efd7e065ac9740d6079e62296e39273.jpg">
With features tailored to give users greater command over their data, Citrine allows easy export and import of the database, restoration of contact lists in case of client malfunctions, and detailed relay management options like port configuration, custom icons, user management, and on-demand relay start/stop. Users can even activate TOR access, letting others connect securely to their Nostr relay directly on their phone. Future updates will include automatic broadcasting when the device reconnects to the internet, along with content resolver support to expand its functionality.
Once you have your Citrine relay fully configured, simply add it to the Private and Local relay sections in Amethyst's relay configuration.
<img src="https://cdn.satellite.earth/6ea01b68009b291770d5b11314ccb3d7ba05fe25cb783e6e1ea977bb21d55c09.jpg">
---
**Pokey**
[Pokey](https://github.com/KoalaSat/pokey) for Android is a brand new, real-time notification tool for Nostr. Pokey allows users to receive live updates for their Nostr events and enabling other apps to access and interact with them. Designed for seamless integration within a user's Nostr relays, Pokey lets users stay informed of activity as it happens, with speed and the flexibility to manage which events trigger notifications on their mobile device.
<img src="https://cdn.satellite.earth/62ec76cc36254176e63f97f646a33e2c7abd32e14226351fa0dd8684177b50a2.jpg">
Pokey currently supports connections with Amber, offering granular notification settings so users can tailor alerts to their preferences. Planned features include broadcasting events to other apps, authenticating to relays, built-in Tor support, multi-account handling, and InBox relay management. These upcoming additions aim to make Pokey a fantastic tool for Nostr notifications across the ecosystem.
---
**Zap.store**
[Zap.store](https://github.com/zapstore/zapstore/) is a permissionless app store powered by Nostr and your trusted social graph. Built to offer a decentralized approach to app recommendations, zap.store enables you to check if friends like Alice follow, endorse, or verify an app’s SHA256 hash. This trust-based, social proof model brings app discovery closer to real-world recommendations from friends and family, bypassing centralized app curation. Unlike conventional app stores and other third party app store solutions like Obtainium, zap.store empowers users to see which apps their contacts actively interact with, providing a higher level of confidence and transparency.
<img src="https://cdn.satellite.earth/fd162229a404b317306916ae9f320a7280682431e933795f708d480e15affa23.jpg">
Currently available on Android, zap.store aims to expand to desktop, PWAs, and other platforms soon. You can get started by installing [Zap.store](https://github.com/zapstore/zapstore/) on your favorite Android device, and install all of the applications mentioned above.
---
Android's openness goes hand in hand with Nostr's openness. Enjoy exploring both expanding ecosystems.
-
@ a95c6243:d345522c
2024-10-19 08:58:08
Ein Lämmchen löschte an einem Bache seinen Durst. Fern von ihm, aber näher der Quelle, tat ein Wolf das gleiche. Kaum erblickte er das Lämmchen, so schrie er:
"Warum trübst du mir das Wasser, das ich trinken will?"
"Wie wäre das möglich", erwiderte schüchtern das Lämmchen, "ich stehe hier unten und du so weit oben; das Wasser fließt ja von dir zu mir; glaube mir, es kam mir nie in den Sinn, dir etwas Böses zu tun!"
"Ei, sieh doch! Du machst es gerade, wie dein Vater vor sechs Monaten; ich erinnere mich noch sehr wohl, daß auch du dabei warst, aber glücklich entkamst, als ich ihm für sein Schmähen das Fell abzog!"
"Ach, Herr!" flehte das zitternde Lämmchen, "ich bin ja erst vier Wochen alt und kannte meinen Vater gar nicht, so lange ist er schon tot; wie soll ich denn für ihn büßen."
"Du Unverschämter!" so endigt der Wolf mit erheuchelter Wut, indem er die Zähne fletschte. "Tot oder nicht tot, weiß ich doch, daß euer ganzes Geschlecht mich hasset, und dafür muß ich mich rächen."
Ohne weitere Umstände zu machen, zerriß er das Lämmchen und verschlang es.
*Das [Gewissen](https://apollo-news.net/das-gewissen-in-corona-jahren-zum-tod-von-gunnar-kaiser/) regt sich selbst bei dem größten Bösewichte; er sucht doch nach Vorwand, um dasselbe damit bei Begehung seiner Schlechtigkeiten zu beschwichtigen.*
Quelle: https://eden.one/fabeln-aesop-das-lamm-und-der-wolf
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-10-18 13:04:03
<img src="https://blossom.primal.net/2c6bda7b17b7cab13c0aa409740ce4e7c28ab83735deb1cb05ae7a923d7d3020.png">
Virtually everyone knows this parable and its self-evident wisdom. But I think we can apply this Solomonic technique to some issues that have arisen recently.
There has been a [concerted](https://x.com/LeadingReport/status/1835881020266074311) push [of late](https://x.com/EndWokeness/status/1821215515605381197) to rid the internet, particularly social media, of “misinformation.” The idea is that the [First Amendment](https://x.com/EasterbrookG/status/1845090236046405772), which [protects](https://x.com/roaming_rn/status/1840748414050406603) free speech, is too permissive in an environment where people can amplify falsehoods at scale. Those who would [police misinformation](https://x.com/ggreenwald/status/1846987936039907539) argue the harms of misinformation outweigh the benefits of free expression.
Those (like me) who believe in the First Amendment don’t dispute that it protects online expression that could turn out to be false, and that false information can lead to real-life harm. But my belief is the far greater harm is in stifling free expression because (a) no one is wise enough to be the ultimate arbiter of truth; (b) false assertions can be corrected by true ones; and that (c) disallowing free speech is a path to the ultimate tyranny wherein the only corrective mechanism we have has been totally disabled.
I believe were King Solomon to weigh in on this dispute he would say, “Let’s flip a coin. If it’s heads, ideas with which I disagree would be banned, and if it’s tails the ideas with which I agree would be banned.” Then he would take me aside and whisper: “Don’t worry, both sides of the coin are heads!” (And he would take the misinformation police aside and assure them both were tails.)
At which point, I would say, “No! I don’t want opposing ideas to be banned! I want dissenters to be able to make their case because maybe I’m wrong about something.” By contrast, the misinformation police would say, “Great, we can finally rid the internet of harmful wrongthink! Let’s have the coin flip!”
And then Solomon would say, “The greatest purveyor of misinformation over the long haul is those who would police it” and re-affirm a commitment to the First Amendment.
. . .
I saw a [recent interview](https://x.com/CollinRugg/status/1844909853984292992) with J.D. Vance where he was asked whether he believed the 2020 election were stolen. Vance pivoted to talking about the effect of censoring the Hunter Biden laptop story, but I think he might have asked a more pertinent question back of the interviewer, namely, “Would you concede an election you earnestly believed were stolen, i.e., one where you believed Kamala Harris had won fair and square, but only due to cheating Trump were declared the winner?”
In other words, would you accept the results of an election you thought were fraudulent? The answer is obvious: one must accept a fair result and reject a rigged one, no matter who wins.
Of course, because both sides are so distrustful of one another, that means any result could be rejected on suspicion of fraud, and a peaceful transfer of power would therefore be impossible. How to resolve this dilemma?
Enter Solomon who asks: “Who is willing to take all necessary measures to ensure undetected fraud cannot occur?”
And then depending on which side were advocating for voter ID, hand-counted paper ballots, one-to-one signature matches, transparent and open access to recounts, rigorous purging of non-citizens from voter rolls and a process that was completely auditable from start to finish, he would declare that side as the one upholding the democratic process.
. . .
Humans are fallible, they make errors, they cheat, lie and manipulate. One cannot merely trust technocrats to know what’s true and false any more than one can trust election officials to administer high-stakes elections without total transparency.
It doesn’t matter whether you have the “correct” beliefs or belong to the faction that is “good.” Everyone thinks his beliefs are correct, virtually everyone believes his party is the good one. To the extent you care about the truth, you will view dissent policing as the ultimate scourge. To the extent you have respect for democratic institutions that ensure the peaceful transfer of power you must view opaque and inauditable elections as the ultimate threat to the state’s legitimacy.
If you make exceptions because in the short term they help your cause, you are like the mother in the parable, willfully and short-sightedly sacrificing the thing about which you purport to care the most
-
@ 8947a945:9bfcf626
2024-10-17 08:06:55
[](https://stock.adobe.com/stock-photo/id/1010191703)
**สวัสดีทุกคนบน Nostr ครับ** รวมไปถึง **watchers**และ **ผู้ติดตาม**ของผมจาก Deviantart และ platform งานศิลปะอื่นๆนะครับ
ตั้งแต่ต้นปี 2024 ผมใช้ AI เจนรูปงานตัวละครสาวๆจากอนิเมะ และเปิด exclusive content ให้สำหรับผู้ที่ชื่นชอบผลงานของผมเป็นพิเศษ
ผมโพสผลงานผมทั้งหมดไว้ที่เวบ Deviantart และค่อยๆสร้างฐานผู้ติดตามมาเรื่อยๆอย่างค่อยเป็นค่อยไปมาตลอดครับ ทุกอย่างเติบโตไปเรื่อยๆของมัน ส่วนตัวผมมองว่ามันเป็นพิร์ตธุรกิจออนไลน์ ของผมพอร์ตนึงได้เลย
**เมื่อวันที่ 16 กย.2024** มีผู้ติดตามคนหนึ่งส่งข้อความส่วนตัวมาหาผม บอกว่าชื่นชอบผลงานของผมมาก ต้องการจะขอซื้อผลงาน แต่ขอซื้อเป็น NFT นะ เสนอราคาซื้อขายต่อชิ้นที่สูงมาก หลังจากนั้นผมกับผู้ซื้อคนนี้พูดคุยกันในเมล์ครับ
### นี่คือข้อสรุปสั่นๆจากการต่อรองซื้อขายครับ
(หลังจากนี้ผมขอเรียกผู้ซื้อว่า scammer นะครับ เพราะไพ่มันหงายมาแล้ว ว่าเขาคือมิจฉาชีพ)
- Scammer รายแรก เลือกผลงานที่จะซื้อ เสนอราคาซื้อที่สูงมาก แต่ต้องเป็นเวบไซต์ NFTmarket place ที่เขากำหนดเท่านั้น มันทำงานอยู่บน ERC20 ผมเข้าไปดูเวบไซต์ที่ว่านี้แล้วรู้สึกว่ามันดูแปลกๆครับ คนที่จะลงขายผลงานจะต้องใช้ email ในการสมัครบัญชีซะก่อน ถึงจะผูก wallet อย่างเช่น metamask ได้ เมื่อผูก wallet แล้วไม่สามารถเปลี่ยนได้ด้วย ตอนนั้นผมใช้ wallet ที่ไม่ได้ link กับ HW wallet ไว้ ทดลองสลับ wallet ไปๆมาๆ มันทำไม่ได้ แถมลอง log out แล้ว เลข wallet ก็ยังคาอยู่อันเดิม อันนี้มันดูแปลกๆแล้วหนึ่งอย่าง เวบนี้ค่า ETH ในการ mint **0.15 - 0.2 ETH** … ตีเป็นเงินบาทนี่แพงบรรลัยอยู่นะครับ
- Scammer รายแรกพยายามชักจูงผม หว่านล้อมผมว่า แหม เดี๋ยวเขาก็มารับซื้องานผมน่า mint งานเสร็จ รีบบอกเขานะ เดี๋ยวเขารีบกดซื้อเลย พอขายได้กำไร ผมก็ได้ค่า gas คืนได้ แถมยังได้กำไรอีก ไม่มีอะไรต้องเสีนจริงมั้ย แต่มันเป้นความโชคดีครับ เพราะตอนนั้นผมไม่เหลือทุนสำรองที่จะมาซื้อ ETH ได้ ผมเลยต่อรองกับเขาตามนี้ครับ :
1. ผมเสนอว่า เอางี้มั้ย ผมส่งผลงานของผมแบบ low resolution ให้ก่อน แลกกับให้เขาช่วยโอน ETH ที่เป็นค่า mint งานมาให้หน่อย พอผมได้ ETH แล้ว ผมจะ upscale งานของผม แล้วเมล์ไปให้ ใจแลกใจกันไปเลย ... เขาไม่เอา
2. ผมเสนอให้ไปซื้อที่ร้านค้าออนไลน์ buymeacoffee ของผมมั้ย จ่ายเป็น USD ... เขาไม่เอา
3. ผมเสนอให้ซื้อขายผ่าน PPV lightning invoice ที่ผมมีสิทธิ์เข้าถึง เพราะเป็น creator ของ Creatr ... เขาไม่เอา
4. ผมยอกเขาว่างั้นก็รอนะ รอเงินเดือนออก เขาบอก ok
สัปดาห์ถัดมา มี scammer คนที่สองติดต่อผมเข้ามา ใช้วิธีการใกล้เคียงกัน แต่ใช้คนละเวบ แถมเสนอราคาซื้อที่สูงกว่าคนแรกมาก เวบที่สองนี้เลวร้ายค่าเวบแรกอีกครับ คือต้องใช้เมล์สมัครบัญชี ไม่สามารถผูก metamask ได้ พอสมัครเสร็จจะได้ wallet เปล่าๆมาหนึ่งอัน ผมต้องโอน ETH เข้าไปใน wallet นั้นก่อน เพื่อเอาไปเป็นค่า mint NFT **0.2 ETH**
ผมบอก scammer รายที่สองว่า ต้องรอนะ เพราะตอนนี้กำลังติดต่อซื้อขายอยู่กับผู้ซื้อรายแรกอยู่ ผมกำลังรอเงินเพื่อมาซื้อ ETH เป็นต้นทุนดำเนินงานอยู่ คนคนนี้ขอให้ผมส่งเวบแรกไปให้เขาดูหน่อย หลังจากนั้นไม่นานเขาเตือนผมมาว่าเวบแรกมันคือ scam นะ ไม่สามารถถอนเงินออกมาได้ เขายังส่งรูป cap หน้าจอที่คุยกับผู้เสียหายจากเวบแรกมาให้ดูว่าเจอปัญหาถอนเงินไม่ได้ ไม่พอ เขายังบลัฟ opensea ด้วยว่าลูกค้าขายงานได้ แต่ถอนเงินไม่ได้
**Opensea ถอนเงินไม่ได้ ตรงนี้แหละครับคือตัวกระตุกต่อมเอ๊ะของผมดังมาก** เพราะ opensea อ่ะ ผู้ใช้ connect wallet เข้ากับ marketplace โดยตรง ซื้อขายกันเกิดขึ้น เงินวิ่งเข้าวิ่งออก wallet ของแต่ละคนโดยตรงเลย opensea เก็บแค่ค่า fee ในการใช้ platform ไม่เก็บเงินลูกค้าไว้ แถมปีนี้ค่า gas fee ก็ถูกกว่า bull run cycle 2020 มาก ตอนนี้ค่า gas fee ประมาณ 0.0001 ETH (แต่มันก็แพงกว่า BTC อยู่ดีอ่ะครับ)
ผมเลยเอาเรื่องนี้ไปปรึกษาพี่บิท แต่แอดมินมาคุยกับผมแทน ทางแอดมินแจ้งว่ายังไม่เคยมีเพื่อนๆมาปรึกษาเรื่องนี้ กรณีที่ผมทักมาถามนี่เป็นรายแรกเลย แต่แอดมินให้ความเห็นไปในทางเดียวกับสมมุติฐานของผมว่าน่าจะ scam ในเวลาเดียวกับผมเอาเรื่องนี้ไปถามในเพจ NFT community คนไทนด้วย ได้รับการ confirm ชัดเจนว่า scam และมีคนไม่น้อยโดนหลอก หลังจากที่ผมรู้ที่มาแล้ว ผมเลยเล่นสงครามปั่นประสาท scammer ทั้งสองคนนี้ครับ เพื่อดูว่าหลอกหลวงมิจฉาชีพจริงมั้ย
โดยวันที่ 30 กย. ผมเลยปั่นประสาน scammer ทั้งสองรายนี้ โดยการ mint ผลงานที่เขาเสนอซื้อนั่นแหละ ขึ้น opensea
แล้วส่งข้อความไปบอกว่า
mint ให้แล้วนะ แต่เงินไม่พอจริงๆว่ะโทษที เลย mint ขึ้น opensea แทน พอดีบ้านจน ทำได้แค่นี้ไปถึงแค่ opensea รีบไปซื้อล่ะ มีคนจ้องจะคว้างานผมเยอะอยู่ ผมไม่คิด royalty fee ด้วยนะเฮ้ย เอาไปขายต่อไม่ต้องแบ่งกำไรกับผม
เท่านั้นแหละครับ สงครามจิตวิทยาก็เริ่มขึ้น แต่เขาจนมุม กลืนน้ำลายตัวเอง
ช็อตเด็ดคือ
เขา : เนี่ยอุส่ารอ บอกเพื่อนในทีมว่าวันจันทร์ที่ 30 กย. ได้ของแน่ๆ เพื่อนๆในทีมเห็นงานผมแล้วมันสวยจริง เลยใส่เงินเต็มที่ 9.3ETH (+ capture screen ส่งตัวเลขยอดเงินมาให้ดู)ไว้รอโดยเฉพาะเลยนะ
ผม : เหรอ ... งั้น ขอดู wallet address ที่มี transaction มาให้ดูหน่อยสิ
เขา : 2ETH นี่มัน 5000$ เลยนะ
ผม : แล้วไง ขอดู wallet address ที่มีการเอายอดเงิน 9.3ETH มาให้ดูหน่อย ไหนบอกว่าเตรียมเงินไว้มากแล้วนี่ ขอดูหน่อย ว่าใส่ไว้เมื่อไหร่ ... เอามาแค่ adrress นะเว้ย ไม่ต้องทะลึ่งส่ง seed มาให้
เขา : ส่งรูปเดิม 9.3 ETH มาให้ดู
ผม : รูป screenshot อ่ะ มันไม่มีความหมายหรอกเว้ย ตัดต่อเอาก็ได้ง่ายจะตาย เอา transaction hash มาดู ไหนว่าเตรียมเงินไว้รอ 9.3ETH แล้วอยากซื้องานผมจนตัวสั่นเลยไม่ใช่เหรอ ถ้าจะส่ง wallet address มาให้ดู หรือจะช่วยส่ง 0.15ETH มาให้ยืม mint งานก่อน แล้วมากดซื้อ 2ETH ไป แล้วผมใช้ 0.15ETH คืนให้ก็ได้ จะซื้อหรือไม่ซื้อเนี่ย
เขา : จะเอา address เขาไปทำไม
ผม : ตัดจบ รำคาญ ไม่ขายให้ละ
เขา : 2ETH = 5000 USD เลยนะ
ผม : แล้วไง
ผมเลยเขียนบทความนี้มาเตือนเพื่อนๆพี่ๆทุกคนครับ เผื่อใครกำลังเปิดพอร์ตทำธุรกิจขาย digital art online แล้วจะโชคดี เจอของดีแบบผม
-----------
### ทำไมผมถึงมั่นใจว่ามันคือการหลอกหลวง แล้วคนโกงจะได้อะไร
[](https://stock.adobe.com/stock-photo/id/1010196295)
อันดับแรกไปพิจารณาดู opensea ครับ เป็นเวบ NFTmarketplace ที่ volume การซื้อขายสูงที่สุด เขาไม่เก็บเงินของคนจะซื้อจะขายกันไว้กับตัวเอง เงินวิ่งเข้าวิ่งออก wallet ผู้ซื้อผู้ขายเลย ส่วนทางเวบเก็บค่าธรรมเนียมเท่านั้น แถมค่าธรรมเนียมก็ถูกกว่าเมื่อปี 2020 เยอะ ดังนั้นการที่จะไปลงขายงานบนเวบ NFT อื่นที่ค่า fee สูงกว่ากันเป็นร้อยเท่า ... จะทำไปทำไม
ผมเชื่อว่า scammer โกงเงินเจ้าของผลงานโดยการเล่นกับความโลภและความอ่อนประสบการณ์ของเจ้าของผลงานครับ เมื่อไหร่ก็ตามที่เจ้าของผลงานโอน ETH เข้าไปใน wallet เวบนั้นเมื่อไหร่ หรือเมื่อไหร่ก็ตามที่จ่ายค่า fee ในการ mint งาน เงินเหล่านั้นสิ่งเข้ากระเป๋า scammer ทันที แล้วก็จะมีการเล่นตุกติกต่อแน่นอนครับ เช่นถอนไม่ได้ หรือซื้อไม่ได้ ต้องโอนเงินมาเพิ่มเพื่อปลดล็อค smart contract อะไรก็ว่าไป แล้วคนนิสัยไม่ดีพวกเนี้ย ก็จะเล่นกับความโลภของคน เอาราคาเสนอซื้อที่สูงโคตรๆมาล่อ ... อันนี้ไม่ว่ากัน เพราะบนโลก NFT รูปภาพบางรูปที่ไม่ได้มีความเป็นศิลปะอะไรเลย มันดันขายกันได้ 100 - 150 ETH ศิลปินที่พยายามสร้างตัวก็อาจจะมองว่า ผลงานเรามีคนรับซื้อ 2 - 4 ETH ต่องานมันก็มากพอแล้ว (จริงๆมากเกินจนน่าตกใจด้วยซ้ำครับ)
บนโลกของ BTC ไม่ต้องเชื่อใจกัน โอนเงินไปหากันได้ ปิดสมุดบัญชีได้โดยไม่ต้องเชื่อใจกัน
บบโลกของ ETH **"code is law"** smart contract มีเขียนอยู่แล้ว ไปอ่าน มันไม่ได้ยากมากในการทำความเข้าใจ ดังนั้น การจะมาเชื่อคำสัญญาจากคนด้วยกัน เป็นอะไรที่ไม่มีเหตุผล
ผมไปเล่าเรื่องเหล่านี้ให้กับ community งานศิลปะ ก็มีทั้งเสียงตอบรับที่ดี และไม่ดีปนกันไป มีบางคนยืนยันเสียงแข็งไปในทำนองว่า ไอ้เรื่องแบบเนี้ยไม่ได้กินเขาหรอก เพราะเขาตั้งใจแน่วแน่ว่างานศิลป์ของเขา เขาไม่เอาเข้ามายุ่งในโลก digital currency เด็ดขาด ซึ่งผมก็เคารพมุมมองเขาครับ แต่มันจะดีกว่ามั้ย ถ้าเราเปิดหูเปิดตาให้ทันเทคโนโลยี โดยเฉพาะเรื่อง digital currency , blockchain โดนโกงทีนึงนี่คือหมดตัวกันง่ายกว่าเงิน fiat อีก
อยากจะมาเล่าให้ฟังครับ และอยากให้ช่วยแชร์ไปให้คนรู้จักด้วย จะได้ระวังตัวกัน
## Note
- ภาพประกอบ cyber security ทั้งสองนี่ของผมเองครับ ทำเอง วางขายบน AdobeStock
- อีกบัญชีนึงของผม "HikariHarmony" npub1exdtszhpw3ep643p9z8pahkw8zw00xa9pesf0u4txyyfqvthwapqwh48sw กำลังค่อยๆเอาผลงานจากโลกข้างนอกเข้ามา nostr ครับ ตั้งใจจะมาสร้างงานศิลปะในนี้ เพื่อนๆที่ชอบงาน จะได้ไม่ต้องออกไปหาที่ไหน
ผลงานของผมครับ
- Anime girl fanarts : [HikariHarmony](https://linktr.ee/hikariharmonypatreon)
- [HikariHarmony on Nostr](https://shorturl.at/I8Nu4)
- General art : [KeshikiRakuen](https://linktr.ee/keshikirakuen)
- KeshikiRakuen อาจจะเป็นบัญชี nostr ที่สามของผม ถ้าไหวครับ
-
@ 8947a945:9bfcf626
2024-10-17 07:33:00
[](https://stock.adobe.com/stock-photo/id/1010191703)
**Hello everyone on Nostr** and all my **watchers**and **followers**from DeviantArt, as well as those from other art platforms
I have been creating and sharing AI-generated anime girl fanart since the beginning of 2024 and have been running member-exclusive content on Patreon.
I also publish showcases of my artworks to Deviantart. I organically build up my audience from time to time. I consider it as one of my online businesses of art. Everything is slowly growing
**On September 16**, I received a DM from someone expressing interest in purchasing my art in NFT format and offering a very high price for each piece. We later continued the conversation via email.
### Here’s a brief overview of what happened
- The first scammer selected the art they wanted to buy and offered a high price for each piece.
They provided a URL to an NFT marketplace site running on the Ethereum (ETH) mainnet or ERC20. The site appeared suspicious, requiring email sign-up and linking a MetaMask wallet. However, I couldn't change the wallet address later.
The minting gas fees were quite expensive, ranging from **0.15 to 0.2 ETH**
- The scammers tried to convince me that the high profits would easily cover the minting gas fees, so I had nothing to lose.
Luckily, I didn’t have spare funds to purchase ETH for the gas fees at the time, so I tried negotiating with them as follows:
1. I offered to send them a lower-quality version of my art via email in exchange for the minting gas fees, but they refused.
2. I offered them the option to pay in USD through Buy Me a Coffee shop here, but they refused.
3. I offered them the option to pay via Bitcoin using the Lightning Network invoice , but they refused.
4. I asked them to wait until I could secure the funds, and they agreed to wait.
The following week, a second scammer approached me with a similar offer, this time at an even higher price and through a different NFT marketplace website.
This second site also required email registration, and after navigating to the dashboard, it asked for a minting fee of **0.2 ETH**. However, the site provided a wallet address for me instead of connecting a MetaMask wallet.
I told the second scammer that I was waiting to make a profit from the first sale, and they asked me to show them the first marketplace. They then warned me that the first site was a scam and even sent screenshots of victims, including one from OpenSea saying that Opensea is not paying.
**This raised a red flag**, and I began suspecting I might be getting scammed. On OpenSea, funds go directly to users' wallets after transactions, and OpenSea charges a much lower platform fee compared to the previous crypto bull run in 2020. Minting fees on OpenSea are also significantly cheaper, around 0.0001 ETH per transaction.
I also consulted with Thai NFT artist communities and the ex-chairman of the Thai Digital Asset Association. According to them, no one had reported similar issues, but they agreed it seemed like a scam.
After confirming my suspicions with my own research and consulting with the Thai crypto community, I decided to test the scammers’ intentions by doing the following
I minted the artwork they were interested in, set the price they offered, and listed it for sale on OpenSea. I then messaged them, letting them know the art was available and ready to purchase, with no royalty fees if they wanted to resell it.
They became upset and angry, insisting I mint the art on their chosen platform, claiming they had already funded their wallet to support me. When I asked for proof of their wallet address and transactions, they couldn't provide any evidence that they had enough funds.
Here’s what I want to warn all artists in the DeviantArt community or other platforms
If you find yourself in a similar situation, be aware that scammers may be targeting you.
-----------
### My Perspective why I Believe This is a Scam and What the Scammers Gain
[](https://stock.adobe.com/stock-photo/id/1010196295)
From my experience with BTC and crypto since 2017, here's why I believe this situation is a scam, and what the scammers aim to achieve
First, looking at OpenSea, the largest NFT marketplace on the ERC20 network, they do not hold users' funds. Instead, funds from transactions go directly to users’ wallets. OpenSea’s platform fees are also much lower now compared to the crypto bull run in 2020. This alone raises suspicion about the legitimacy of other marketplaces requiring significantly higher fees.
I believe the scammers' tactic is to lure artists into paying these exorbitant minting fees, which go directly into the scammers' wallets. They convince the artists by promising to purchase the art at a higher price, making it seem like there's no risk involved. In reality, the artist has already lost by paying the minting fee, and no purchase is ever made.
In the world of Bitcoin (BTC), the principle is "Trust no one" and “Trustless finality of transactions” In other words, transactions are secure and final without needing trust in a third party.
In the world of Ethereum (ETH), the philosophy is "Code is law" where everything is governed by smart contracts deployed on the blockchain. These contracts are transparent, and even basic code can be read and understood. Promises made by people don’t override what the code says.
I also discuss this issue with art communities. Some people have strongly expressed to me that they want nothing to do with crypto as part of their art process. I completely respect that stance.
However, I believe it's wise to keep your eyes open, have some skin in the game, and not fall into scammers’ traps. Understanding the basics of crypto and NFTs can help protect you from these kinds of schemes.
If you found this article helpful, please share it with your fellow artists.
Until next time
Take care
## Note
- Both cyber security images are mine , I created and approved by AdobeStock to put on sale
- I'm working very hard to bring all my digital arts into Nostr to build my Sats business here to my another npub "HikariHarmony" npub1exdtszhpw3ep643p9z8pahkw8zw00xa9pesf0u4txyyfqvthwapqwh48sw
Link to my full gallery
- Anime girl fanarts : [HikariHarmony](https://linktr.ee/hikariharmonypatreon)
- [HikariHarmony on Nostr](https://shorturl.at/I8Nu4)
- General art : [KeshikiRakuen](https://linktr.ee/keshikirakuen)
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-10-15 17:07:55
I was at a yoga teacher training 14 years ago during which the topic of positive thinking came up. A few different women (it was almost all women) spoke about how much “positive thinking” had affected their lives for the better. When they were done, I raised my hand and said something to the effect of:
“You know there were six million Jews killed in the Holocaust, and the one percent most positive-thinking among them were 60,000, and it didn’t help them much. Even the one percent of the one percent most positive who must have been very very positive, were 600, and they too got murdered alongside everyone they knew.”
I don’t remember what if anything anyone said after that, only that it pretty much killed the “kumbaya” vibe they had been cultivating, which I guess was my aim, since it always struck me as phony.
. . .
I was talking to a friend last week about a book I was reading, called “Becoming Supernatural.” It’s a bit “self-helpy” for my tastes, but the author makes some interesting arguments. Essentially that matter is mostly empty space because atoms are mostly space (the nucleus, which has virtually all the mass, is tiny compared to the entire atom.) Everything is space, or more precisely electromagnetic fields, and the subatomic particles inside the matter are actually just waves until they are observed. “Reality” is mostly just waves which we solidify by observation, and the same is true for our internal reality.
When we’re in a contemplative state, just observing, not identifying or planning, it’s like we’re an unobserved wave, and it’s only when we snap back to “reality” of “I’m a man,” “I’m a woman” or “I’ve got a boring meeting at 10 am” that we re-particle-ize, so to speak. That you are in a state of possibility (wave) when meditating, and you are the particle when you identify with the specifics of yourself or your life.
And so you wind up with an identity that’s full of beliefs about yourself, your plans and your history, and those notions solidify themselves in your body in terms of stress, tension, etc. via biochemistry, and that biochemistry feeds your thoughts which in turn feed more biochemistry, and you become habituated to your patterns, your history, your identity and cut yourself off from new choices and possibilities. As I said, a bit self-helpy for me (and maybe I’m missing something in my paraphrasing), but an interesting way to conceptualize it.
So I’m talking to my friend about this idea of creating your own experience, so to speak, by not, for example, imagining how my run at the track will go like I normally would but simply committing to it, but without a picture, story or expectation. You just walk out the door, a couple blocks to the subway, observe the people, the cobblestones, etc. And I don’t mean imagining doing that as I am now while typing this, but each step as it’s happening. And in this way you create a different experience than the habitual one where you’re dreading the run and strategizing how to make its prospect less painful.
And he agreed that maybe we can create our own experience. Of course, that was when I told him the story of the yoga class and the 600 super positive Jews on their way to the gas chamber.
And he said, “Maybe the positive ones had already left.”
. . .
Growing up Jewish in New York, I was exposed to the sentiment that Holocaust 2.0 was maybe not imminent but surely something about which I should be worried. We weren’t religious, and I never experienced any kind of antisemitism (I’ve seen and heard some lately on social media and even in real life on occasion, but nothing that’s affected my life in any way.) And I always rejected that idea that I should be specifically worried about it.
But — and I can’t say if the Holocaust paranoia drove this — I’ve always thought about the people that died not just in the Holocaust, but also in wars or even via violence on the street. So many humans in history have met their ends in gruesome ways, in prison, in the gutter or at the hands of others. I’ve always had this sense that it could easily be me or my family as there was no basis for believing it couldn’t be so.
I had only a small taste of violence growing up, getting mugged, punched in the face on the street a couple times, chased by a gang with sticks and bats. I never got seriously injured, and in fact no one I know did, either, but there was a sense of menace back then that it could happen.
On the one hand, you could say if it happens it happens, and hopefully it doesn’t come to that, and let it go, but it raises the question of how much one should prepare, at what point should you leave. If the positive thinking Jews (and by positive thinking I don’t mean being in denial about what was going on in Germany, but in the sense of willing themselves a good life for which leaving was necessary) left, maybe my mental model was wrong, and those girls in my yoga class, naive though they might have been, were onto something.
Instead of seeing oneself as a statistic, at the mercy of probability given a shifting (often for the worse) environment, a wave waiting for the events of life to particle-ize oneself, so to speak, into the lottery of history, one might imagine a form of higher agency. Unlike ordinary agency which is the power to respond to one’s environment, maybe one creates it, whether via default (lottery of history) or by choice.
This has profound implications because it makes you not only responsible for how you act upon the world but also for how the world acts upon you. There is nothing to fear from what might happen because you yourself created the conditions, consciously or by default. And while there might be great suffering, real horrors and unspeakable cruelty, those episodes are all mutually brought into being.
Obviously that is not to say that there are no moral distinctions, that the Jews who went to the gas chamber were as responsible as the nazis who forced them. The default — letting the lottery of history play out — still involves ordinary agency and the responsibilities inherent to it. One has merely opted into ordinary agency (and its probability distribution) by not discovering the means of reality production at its root. And because most people are neither exposed to this possibility nor encouraged to seek it, they experience only the default. (And some even less than that as society encourages helplessness and increasingly confers status on those it deems victims, but that’s a topic for another essay.)
. . .
I don’t want to go too far afield trying to explain or describe what creating one’s own reality consists in or how one might go about it. I am no expert in this, and I’m not even positive it can be done in the sense I’m suggesting after reading (and likely misinterpreting) a book. Only that my old probabilistic view of the world wherein the influence you have with respect to your conditions was modest might be wrong. That even the idea it’s possible to opt out of virtually anything is more than just intriguing but liberating.
-
@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-10-10 13:49:50
As a New Yorker growing up in the 1980s, I didn’t have a high opinion of Christians. I don’t mean my Irish-Italian friends who were nominally Christian, but what we thought of as the “religious right,” those joyless scolds who took it *seriously*. Who were they to lecture me about the music to which I could listen, or what my teenage girlfriend and I could do in private?
The Christian Right, it seemed, wanted to control you, force their beliefs on you, knew what was best for you and were absolutely certain about what would happen to you if you were not “saved.” I didn’t even like Judaism, my own religion — I was never Bar Mitzvah’d — and contemplating the dull drudgery of synagogues, Sunday schools and chapels filled me with boredom and dread. Religion was for simpletons, and I wanted nothing to do with it.
. . .
Everyone knows the untold evil that has been committed in the name of religion, and Christianity, from the Crusades to the Inquisition to the Salem witch burnings is no exception. But that’s not especially relevant for those of us in the post-enlightenment modern west where practicing one’s religion, especially in adulthood, is increasingly voluntarily. That is, most Christians I encounter have made a conscious choice to place their faith in Jesus and his teachings. No one is forcing them, and they are not forcing anyone else, either.
. . .
Many people in the west have rejected traditional organized religion, but that does not mean they’ve defeated the powerful urge to believe in something larger than themselves, something to root their experience in the world. I have witnessed this religious mindset often, whether people were lecturing me about “trusting” science, never mind that science is based on distrust and verification, or the hilarious “you are not an epidemiologist” during the covid pandemic. Titles, degrees, credentials, blind faith in the technocrats and appeals to authority mirrored to an uncanny degree the behavior of religious subjects terrified to run afoul of clerical edicts in eras past.
If you dissent from such edicts, you are now guilty of misinformation (the modern word for heresy), and you might be deplatformed or lose your livelihood and friends (excommunicated). These super rational non-believers went along with forced injections at the behest of pharmaceutical conglomerates, and when it was obvious the injections didn’t work to stop the spread, they pivoted to nonsense about “occupying ICU beds” in accordance with the new commands of their church.
We were told we could take off our masks while eating in restaurants but had to put them on again while getting up to use the restroom. And we weren’t supposed to gather in large numbers, except for the George Floyd protests because racism was “[the real pandemic](https://x.com/ABC/status/1268616647083880449).” And people swallowed this because, after all, it was Science, not some kind of primitive, superstitious backwards religion.
But the illogic and abuse of sense-making wasn’t just restricted to covid. The two-plus-two-equals five brigade told us a woman could have a penis, men could get pregnant, that biological males belonged in women’s locker rooms and sports competitions if they self-identified as such. I view these deliberate distortions of reality as loyalty tests of sorts — if you can defend the indefensible, you are surely a trusted comrade.
. . .
My experience objecting to this new merger of Science with the whims of the party has been eye opening. Quite often those who were most ruthless in mocking and gaslighting people like me were from my own social circle — college educated liberals, laptop class professionals, those who use words and spread sheets for a living.
And many of those standing up for civil liberties and personal autonomy were not who I would have expected. [Wealthy people](https://x.com/Spiro_Ghost/status/1449607562479943684) who didn’t depend on their peers’ good graces to live comfortably, it turns out, were often [cowardly beyond belief](https://x.com/toobaffled/status/1823182640016703748). Academia, which purports to value truth and open inquiry, were among the most compliant, in many cases enforcers of the party dogmas to the point of [abetting the US government in illegally censoring dissent](https://x.com/mtaibbi/status/1636729166631432195). Even some of those I had most thought of as independent thinkers like [Nassim Taleb](https://x.com/nntaleb/status/1256916279837032448), [Noam Chomsky](https://x.com/MaxBlumenthal/status/1433295789716086787) and “the bad boy of radio” during my formative years, [Howard Stern](https://x.com/TheMilkBarTV/status/1747847083263213960), capitulated abjectly and totally.
So who was willing to resist authoritarianism? Who had the back of the ordinary citizen that simply didn’t want to inject himself with experimental chemicals because someone in a lab coat said so? On my timeline it was disproportionately Christians. People with profiles like “God and family,” “Jesus is No. 1,” and “Follower of Christ.”
Apparently they believe in something bigger than the State and its power, which is why one of the aims of Soviet Russia was to supplant Christianity (and other religions) with [state atheism](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1387772). It’s harder to control people who bow to something other than earthly might. If Jesus went to the cross for them, surely they could endure the wrath of their employers, condemnation by their government, vitriol by all the [good people](https://x.com/LibertyBlitz/status/1657384752519979010) who [knew for certain](https://x.com/Fynnderella1/status/1722123707512987975) what was best for us.
The roles were now reversed. Instead of the Christian Right being the joyless scolds who knew what was best for me, they became a bulwark against the indoctrinated technocrats doing the same.
What a relief to have such a large swath of the population so resilient to the corrupting forces of the State. That is not to say Christians are perfect people just by virtue of believing or to paint an unrealistic picture of them, only that when [the Big Bribe](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/the-big-bribe) was offered, a large number of them had the wherewithal to turn it down.
As I said, I am not a Christian, but I am sure glad they exist.
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-10-08 09:11:10
I wanted to post a quote from Jiddu Krishnamurti who if I remember correctly once said something to the effect of:
*An artist should be like Beethoven. The music just flowed out of him, and he could neither stop it nor control it.*
But I can’t find the source, I’m just going by memory, and it was from a long time ago. It doesn’t matter though if he really said it, because it’s the quote I wanted to post.
. . .
When I was 21, my friend Andrew and I made a four hour drive one Saturday morning from New York to Germantown, Maryland to see a Korean Buddhist monk. I heard about the monk from my Korean college roommate whose mom knew him. Andrew and I had been reading books about Buddhism for the preceding year and thought it would be worthwhile to see the real thing. We also had various anxieties about our lives and figured maybe he could offer some guidance.
When we arrived at the farm where he lived, we parked and stepped out of the car. I don’t want to exaggerate, but even in the lot which had to be 40 yards from the main building was this strong feeling like you could just fall to the ground and start weeping for the sorrows of your life.
We walked to the door of the monastery and knocked. A few seconds later, a bald, 50-something Korean man opened it, looked out at us with a blank face. We awkwardly told him we had come to see him. In a thick Korean accent he said today was the wrong day for us, come back tomorrow and shut the door. We stood there dumbfounded. We had woken up at 6 am and driven four hours. He was an enlightened monk. He couldn’t just turn us away.
Nervously, I knocked again. He came back out, same blank look. I told him we had driven all the way from New York. He motioned for us to come in, and we followed.
Inside were maybe 25 Koreans all waiting to see the monk whose name it turned out was Dr. Shin. The Koreans had filled a large wooden table with a massive buffet of Korean food, and Andrew and I were invited to help ourselves which we did. People were individually or in couples going into a small meditation room where Dr. Shin sat and attended to them. After at least an hour, someone motioned to us it was our turn.
We were there for probably 5-10 minutes. I don’t remember who spoke first, or the entirety of the conversation, only a few snippets which have stayed with me. I told him I didn’t really know what I wanted to do with my life. I thought maybe I wanted to be a writer. He laughed out loud. “You want to be artist?” he said with his thick accent. “You pumping gas. Hahahahahah!” Then he looked at me seriously, and said, “Business and law. You study business and law.”
. . .
I’m 53 years old as I type this in October of 2024, and my “job” now is to write and talk about things as I see fit. I started my Substack in 2020, and while my [first post](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/zero-and-infinity) was about large numbers, my [second one](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/brainwashing-your-kids) was more from the heart. I create for a “living”, and I suppose that makes me an artist of sorts. But when I think back to the words of Dr. Shin, he was 100 percent right.
. . .
Most people should not try to be artists. You can’t easily make a living at it. It’s the wrong way to go about achieving status or security in society. There are some people who simply have no choice. They live for what they do, and even if they die broke and alone, they could not have done otherwise. Those are artists.
So what the hell am I doing?
I belong to a relatively small minority, those with something to say. I was always like this, even during the visit with Dr. Shin. But in my 20s and 30s I could not have done it. I needed to contribute something, get the reward part out of the way. I lacked the confidence and conviction to create whether or not anyone were interested in my work or wanted to compensate me for it. And unlike real artists, I had a choice. I don’t know if I could have dealt with a real job, but helping run a small fantasy sports business, something I loved, was possible for me, and I was lucky enough to find it.
. . .
Now I’m beyond that phase. I have enough money, a partner, a daughter and a dog. I like recognition and paychecks as much as the next person, but I’m not thirsty. I’ll say what I think (mostly) without regard for how it’ll affect my readership or reputation. I can open my mind and let the ideas out. Maybe it’s not quite like Beethoven, but more along the lines of Jorge Luis Borges who said:
*I do not write for a select minority, which means nothing to me, nor for that adulated platonic entity known as ‘The Masses’. Both abstractions, so dear to the demagogue, I disbelieve in. I write for myself and for my friends, and I write to ease the passing of time.*
-
@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4
2024-10-07 13:37:38
O que é Cwtch?
Cwtch (/kʊtʃ/ - uma palavra galesa que pode ser traduzida aproximadamente como “um abraço que cria um lugar seguro”) é um protocolo de mensagens multipartidário descentralizado, que preserva a privacidade, que pode ser usado para construir aplicativos resistentes a metadados.
Como posso pronunciar Cwtch?
Como "kutch", para rimar com "butch".
Descentralizado e Aberto : Não existe “serviço Cwtch” ou “rede Cwtch”. Os participantes do Cwtch podem hospedar seus próprios espaços seguros ou emprestar sua infraestrutura para outras pessoas que buscam um espaço seguro. O protocolo Cwtch é aberto e qualquer pessoa é livre para criar bots, serviços e interfaces de usuário e integrar e interagir com o Cwtch.
Preservação de privacidade : toda a comunicação no Cwtch é criptografada de ponta a ponta e ocorre nos serviços cebola Tor v3.
Resistente a metadados : O Cwtch foi projetado de forma que nenhuma informação seja trocada ou disponibilizada a ninguém sem seu consentimento explícito, incluindo mensagens durante a transmissão e metadados de protocolo
Uma breve história do bate-papo resistente a metadados
Nos últimos anos, a conscientização pública sobre a necessidade e os benefícios das soluções criptografadas de ponta a ponta aumentou com aplicativos como Signal , Whatsapp e Wire. que agora fornecem aos usuários comunicações seguras.
No entanto, essas ferramentas exigem vários níveis de exposição de metadados para funcionar, e muitos desses metadados podem ser usados para obter detalhes sobre como e por que uma pessoa está usando uma ferramenta para se comunicar.
Uma ferramenta que buscou reduzir metadados é o Ricochet lançado pela primeira vez em 2014. Ricochet usou os serviços cebola Tor v2 para fornecer comunicação criptografada segura de ponta a ponta e para proteger os metadados das comunicações.
Não havia servidores centralizados que auxiliassem no roteamento das conversas do Ricochet. Ninguém além das partes envolvidas em uma conversa poderia saber que tal conversa está ocorrendo.
Ricochet tinha limitações; não havia suporte para vários dispositivos, nem existe um mecanismo para suportar a comunicação em grupo ou para um usuário enviar mensagens enquanto um contato está offline.
Isto tornou a adoção do Ricochet uma proposta difícil; mesmo aqueles em ambientes que seriam melhor atendidos pela resistência aos metadados, sem saber que ela existe.
Além disso, qualquer solução para comunicação descentralizada e resistente a metadados enfrenta problemas fundamentais quando se trata de eficiência, privacidade e segurança de grupo conforme definido pelo consenso e consistência da transcrição.
Alternativas modernas ao Ricochet incluem Briar , Zbay e Ricochet Refresh - cada ferramenta procura otimizar para um conjunto diferente de compensações, por exemplo, Briar procura permitir que as pessoas se comuniquem mesmo quando a infraestrutura de rede subjacente está inoperante, ao mesmo tempo que fornece resistência à vigilância de metadados.
O projeto Cwtch começou em 2017 como um protocolo de extensão para Ricochet, fornecendo conversas em grupo por meio de servidores não confiáveis, com o objetivo de permitir aplicativos descentralizados e resistentes a metadados como listas compartilhadas e quadros de avisos.
Uma versão alfa do Cwtch foi lançada em fevereiro de 2019 e, desde então, a equipe do Cwtch dirigida pela OPEN PRIVACY RESEARCH SOCIETY conduziu pesquisa e desenvolvimento em cwtch e nos protocolos, bibliotecas e espaços de problemas subjacentes.
Modelo de Risco.
Sabe-se que os metadados de comunicações são explorados por vários adversários para minar a segurança dos sistemas, para rastrear vítimas e para realizar análises de redes sociais em grande escala para alimentar a vigilância em massa. As ferramentas resistentes a metadados estão em sua infância e faltam pesquisas sobre a construção e a experiência do usuário de tais ferramentas.
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_9475702740746681051707662826.webp
O Cwtch foi originalmente concebido como uma extensão do protocolo Ricochet resistente a metadados para suportar comunicações assíncronas de grupos multiponto por meio do uso de infraestrutura anônima, descartável e não confiável.
Desde então, o Cwtch evoluiu para um protocolo próprio. Esta seção descreverá os vários riscos conhecidos que o Cwtch tenta mitigar e será fortemente referenciado no restante do documento ao discutir os vários subcomponentes da Arquitetura Cwtch.
Modelo de ameaça.
É importante identificar e compreender que os metadados são omnipresentes nos protocolos de comunicação; é de facto necessário que tais protocolos funcionem de forma eficiente e em escala. No entanto, as informações que são úteis para facilitar peers e servidores também são altamente relevantes para adversários que desejam explorar tais informações.
Para a definição do nosso problema, assumiremos que o conteúdo de uma comunicação é criptografado de tal forma que um adversário é praticamente incapaz de quebrá-lo veja tapir e cwtch para detalhes sobre a criptografia que usamos, e como tal nos concentraremos em o contexto para os metadados de comunicação.
Procuramos proteger os seguintes contextos de comunicação:
• Quem está envolvido em uma comunicação? Pode ser possível identificar pessoas ou simplesmente identificadores de dispositivos ou redes. Por exemplo, “esta comunicação envolve Alice, uma jornalista, e Bob, um funcionário público”.
• Onde estão os participantes da conversa? Por exemplo, “durante esta comunicação, Alice estava na França e Bob estava no Canadá”.
• Quando ocorreu uma conversa? O momento e a duração da comunicação podem revelar muito sobre a natureza de uma chamada, por exemplo, “Bob, um funcionário público, conversou com Alice ao telefone por uma hora ontem à noite. Esta é a primeira vez que eles se comunicam.” *Como a conversa foi mediada? O fato de uma conversa ter ocorrido por meio de um e-mail criptografado ou não criptografado pode fornecer informações úteis. Por exemplo, “Alice enviou um e-mail criptografado para Bob ontem, enquanto eles normalmente enviam apenas e-mails de texto simples um para o outro”.
• Sobre o que é a conversa? Mesmo que o conteúdo da comunicação seja criptografado, às vezes é possível derivar um contexto provável de uma conversa sem saber exatamente o que é dito, por exemplo, “uma pessoa ligou para uma pizzaria na hora do jantar” ou “alguém ligou para um número conhecido de linha direta de suicídio na hora do jantar”. 3 horas da manhã."
Além das conversas individuais, também procuramos defender-nos contra ataques de correlação de contexto, através dos quais múltiplas conversas são analisadas para obter informações de nível superior:
• Relacionamentos: Descobrir relações sociais entre um par de entidades analisando a frequência e a duração de suas comunicações durante um período de tempo. Por exemplo, Carol e Eve ligam uma para a outra todos os dias durante várias horas seguidas.
• Cliques: Descobrir relações sociais entre um grupo de entidades que interagem entre si. Por exemplo, Alice, Bob e Eva se comunicam entre si.
• Grupos vagamente conectados e indivíduos-ponte: descobrir grupos que se comunicam entre si através de intermediários, analisando cadeias de comunicação (por exemplo, toda vez que Alice fala com Bob, ela fala com Carol quase imediatamente depois; Bob e Carol nunca se comunicam).
• Padrão de Vida: Descobrir quais comunicações são cíclicas e previsíveis. Por exemplo, Alice liga para Eve toda segunda-feira à noite por cerca de uma hora.
Ataques Ativos
Ataques de deturpação.
O Cwtch não fornece registro global de nomes de exibição e, como tal, as pessoas que usam o Cwtch são mais vulneráveis a ataques baseados em declarações falsas, ou seja, pessoas que fingem ser outras pessoas:
O fluxo básico de um desses ataques é o seguinte, embora também existam outros fluxos:
•Alice tem um amigo chamado Bob e outro chamado Eve
• Eve descobre que Alice tem um amigo chamado Bob
• Eve cria milhares de novas contas para encontrar uma que tenha uma imagem/chave pública semelhante à de Bob (não será idêntica, mas pode enganar alguém por alguns minutos)
• Eve chama essa nova conta de "Eve New Account" e adiciona Alice como amiga.
• Eve então muda seu nome em "Eve New Account" para "Bob"
• Alice envia mensagens destinadas a "Bob" para a conta falsa de Bob de Eve
Como os ataques de declarações falsas são inerentemente uma questão de confiança e verificação, a única maneira absoluta de evitá-los é os usuários validarem absolutamente a chave pública. Obviamente, isso não é o ideal e, em muitos casos, simplesmente não acontecerá .
Como tal, pretendemos fornecer algumas dicas de experiência do usuário na interface do usuário para orientar as pessoas na tomada de decisões sobre confiar em contas e/ou distinguir contas que possam estar tentando se representar como outros usuários.
Uma nota sobre ataques físicos
A Cwtch não considera ataques que exijam acesso físico (ou equivalente) à máquina do usuário como praticamente defensáveis. No entanto, no interesse de uma boa engenharia de segurança, ao longo deste documento ainda nos referiremos a ataques ou condições que exigem tal privilégio e indicaremos onde quaisquer mitigações que implementámos falharão.
Um perfil Cwtch.
Os usuários podem criar um ou mais perfis Cwtch. Cada perfil gera um par de chaves ed25519 aleatório compatível com Tor.
Além do material criptográfico, um perfil também contém uma lista de Contatos (outras chaves públicas do perfil Cwtch + dados associados sobre esse perfil, como apelido e (opcionalmente) mensagens históricas), uma lista de Grupos (contendo o material criptográfico do grupo, além de outros dados associados, como apelido do grupo e mensagens históricas).
Conversões entre duas partes: ponto a ponto
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_2186338207587396891707662879.webp
Para que duas partes participem de uma conversa ponto a ponto, ambas devem estar on-line, mas apenas uma precisa estar acessível por meio do serviço Onion. Por uma questão de clareza, muitas vezes rotulamos uma parte como “ponto de entrada” (aquele que hospeda o serviço cebola) e a outra parte como “ponto de saída” (aquele que se conecta ao serviço cebola).
Após a conexão, ambas as partes adotam um protocolo de autenticação que:
• Afirma que cada parte tem acesso à chave privada associada à sua identidade pública.
• Gera uma chave de sessão efêmera usada para criptografar todas as comunicações futuras durante a sessão.
Esta troca (documentada com mais detalhes no protocolo de autenticação ) é negável offline , ou seja, é possível para qualquer parte falsificar transcrições desta troca de protocolo após o fato e, como tal - após o fato - é impossível provar definitivamente que a troca aconteceu de forma alguma.
Após o protocolo de autenticação, as duas partes podem trocar mensagens livremente.
Conversas em Grupo e Comunicação Ponto a Servidor
Ao iniciar uma conversa em grupo, é gerada uma chave aleatória para o grupo, conhecida como Group Key. Todas as comunicações do grupo são criptografadas usando esta chave. Além disso, o criador do grupo escolhe um servidor Cwtch para hospedar o grupo. Um convite é gerado, incluindo o Group Key, o servidor do grupo e a chave do grupo, para ser enviado aos potenciais membros.
Para enviar uma mensagem ao grupo, um perfil se conecta ao servidor do grupo e criptografa a mensagem usando a Group Key, gerando também uma assinatura sobre o Group ID, o servidor do grupo e a mensagem. Para receber mensagens do grupo, um perfil se conecta ao servidor e baixa as mensagens, tentando descriptografá-las usando a Group Key e verificando a assinatura.
Detalhamento do Ecossistema de Componentes
O Cwtch é composto por várias bibliotecas de componentes menores, cada uma desempenhando um papel específico. Algumas dessas bibliotecas incluem:
- abertoprivacidade/conectividade: Abstração de rede ACN, atualmente suportando apenas Tor.
- cwtch.im/tapir: Biblioteca para construção de aplicativos p2p em sistemas de comunicação anônimos.
- cwtch.im/cwtch: Biblioteca principal para implementação do protocolo/sistema Cwtch.
- cwtch.im/libcwtch-go: Fornece ligações C para Cwtch para uso em implementações de UI.
TAPIR: Uma Visão Detalhada
Projetado para substituir os antigos canais de ricochete baseados em protobuf, o Tapir fornece uma estrutura para a construção de aplicativos anônimos.
Está dividido em várias camadas:
• Identidade - Um par de chaves ed25519, necessário para estabelecer um serviço cebola Tor v3 e usado para manter uma identidade criptográfica consistente para um par.
• Conexões – O protocolo de rede bruto que conecta dois pares. Até agora, as conexões são definidas apenas através do Tor v3 Onion Services.
• Aplicativos - As diversas lógicas que permitem um determinado fluxo de informações em uma conexão. Os exemplos incluem transcrições criptográficas compartilhadas, autenticação, proteção contra spam e serviços baseados em tokens. Os aplicativos fornecem recursos que podem ser referenciados por outros aplicativos para determinar se um determinado peer tem a capacidade de usar um determinado aplicativo hospedado.
• Pilhas de aplicativos - Um mecanismo para conectar mais de um aplicativo, por exemplo, a autenticação depende de uma transcrição criptográfica compartilhada e o aplicativo peer cwtch principal é baseado no aplicativo de autenticação.
Identidade.
Um par de chaves ed25519, necessário para estabelecer um serviço cebola Tor v3 e usado para manter uma identidade criptográfica consistente para um peer.
InitializeIdentity - de um par de chaves conhecido e persistente:i,I
InitializeEphemeralIdentity - de um par de chaves aleatório: ie,Ie
Aplicativos de transcrição.
Inicializa uma transcrição criptográfica baseada em Merlin que pode ser usada como base de protocolos baseados em compromisso de nível superior
O aplicativo de transcrição entrará em pânico se um aplicativo tentar substituir uma transcrição existente por uma nova (aplicando a regra de que uma sessão é baseada em uma e apenas uma transcrição).
Merlin é uma construção de transcrição baseada em STROBE para provas de conhecimento zero. Ele automatiza a transformação Fiat-Shamir, para que, usando Merlin, protocolos não interativos possam ser implementados como se fossem interativos.
Isto é significativamente mais fácil e menos sujeito a erros do que realizar a transformação manualmente e, além disso, também fornece suporte natural para:
• protocolos multi-round com fases alternadas de commit e desafio;
• separação natural de domínios, garantindo que os desafios estejam vinculados às afirmações a serem provadas;
• enquadramento automático de mensagens, evitando codificação ambígua de dados de compromisso;
• e composição do protocolo, usando uma transcrição comum para vários protocolos.
Finalmente, o Merlin também fornece um gerador de números aleatórios baseado em transcrição como defesa profunda contra ataques de entropia ruim (como reutilização de nonce ou preconceito em muitas provas). Este RNG fornece aleatoriedade sintética derivada de toda a transcrição pública, bem como dos dados da testemunha do provador e uma entrada auxiliar de um RNG externo.
Conectividade
Cwtch faz uso do Tor Onion Services (v3) para todas as comunicações entre nós.
Fornecemos o pacote openprivacy/connectivity para gerenciar o daemon Tor e configurar e desmontar serviços cebola através do Tor.
Criptografia e armazenamento de perfil.
Os perfis são armazenados localmente no disco e criptografados usando uma chave derivada de uma senha conhecida pelo usuário (via pbkdf2).
Observe que, uma vez criptografado e armazenado em disco, a única maneira de recuperar um perfil é recuperando a senha - como tal, não é possível fornecer uma lista completa de perfis aos quais um usuário pode ter acesso até inserir uma senha.
Perfis não criptografados e a senha padrão
Para lidar com perfis "não criptografados" (ou seja, que não exigem senha para serem abertos), atualmente criamos um perfil com uma senha codificada de fato .
Isso não é o ideal, preferiríamos confiar no material de chave fornecido pelo sistema operacional, de modo que o perfil fosse vinculado a um dispositivo específico, mas esses recursos são atualmente uma colcha de retalhos - também notamos, ao criar um perfil não criptografado, pessoas que usam Cwtch estão explicitamente optando pelo risco de que alguém com acesso ao sistema de arquivos possa descriptografar seu perfil.
Vulnerabilidades Relacionadas a Imagens e Entrada de Dados
Imagens Maliciosas
O Cwtch enfrenta desafios na renderização de imagens, com o Flutter utilizando Skia, embora o código subjacente não seja totalmente seguro para a memória.
Realizamos testes de fuzzing nos componentes Cwtch e encontramos um bug de travamento causado por um arquivo GIF malformado, levando a falhas no kernel. Para mitigar isso, adotamos a política de sempre habilitar cacheWidth e/ou cacheHeight máximo para widgets de imagem.
Identificamos o risco de imagens maliciosas serem renderizadas de forma diferente em diferentes plataformas, como evidenciado por um bug no analisador PNG da Apple.
Riscos de Entrada de Dados
Um risco significativo é a interceptação de conteúdo ou metadados por meio de um Input Method Editor (IME) em dispositivos móveis. Mesmo aplicativos IME padrão podem expor dados por meio de sincronização na nuvem, tradução online ou dicionários pessoais.
Implementamos medidas de mitigação, como enableIMEPersonalizedLearning: false no Cwtch 1.2, mas a solução completa requer ações em nível de sistema operacional e é um desafio contínuo para a segurança móvel.
Servidor Cwtch.
O objetivo do protocolo Cwtch é permitir a comunicação em grupo através de infraestrutura não confiável .
Ao contrário dos esquemas baseados em retransmissão, onde os grupos atribuem um líder, um conjunto de líderes ou um servidor confiável de terceiros para garantir que cada membro do grupo possa enviar e receber mensagens em tempo hábil (mesmo que os membros estejam offline) - infraestrutura não confiável tem o objetivo de realizar essas propriedades sem a suposição de confiança.
O artigo original do Cwtch definia um conjunto de propriedades que se esperava que os servidores Cwtch fornecessem:
• O Cwtch Server pode ser usado por vários grupos ou apenas um.
• Um servidor Cwtch, sem a colaboração de um membro do grupo, nunca deve aprender a identidade dos participantes de um grupo.
• Um servidor Cwtch nunca deve aprender o conteúdo de qualquer comunicação.
• Um servidor Cwtch nunca deve ser capaz de distinguir mensagens como pertencentes a um grupo específico.
Observamos aqui que essas propriedades são um superconjunto dos objetivos de design das estruturas de Recuperação de Informações Privadas.
Melhorias na Eficiência e Segurança
Eficiência do Protocolo
Atualmente, apenas um protocolo conhecido, o PIR ingênuo, atende às propriedades desejadas para garantir a privacidade na comunicação do grupo Cwtch. Este método tem um impacto direto na eficiência da largura de banda, especialmente para usuários em dispositivos móveis. Em resposta a isso, estamos ativamente desenvolvendo novos protocolos que permitem negociar garantias de privacidade e eficiência de maneiras diversas.
Os servidores, no momento desta escrita, permitem o download completo de todas as mensagens armazenadas, bem como uma solicitação para baixar mensagens específicas a partir de uma determinada mensagem. Quando os pares ingressam em um grupo em um novo servidor, eles baixam todas as mensagens do servidor inicialmente e, posteriormente, apenas as mensagens novas.
Mitigação de Análise de Metadados
Essa abordagem permite uma análise moderada de metadados, pois o servidor pode enviar novas mensagens para cada perfil suspeito exclusivo e usar essas assinaturas de mensagens exclusivas para rastrear sessões ao longo do tempo. Essa preocupação é mitigada por dois fatores:
1. Os perfis podem atualizar suas conexões a qualquer momento, resultando em uma nova sessão do servidor.
2. Os perfis podem ser "ressincronizados" de um servidor a qualquer momento, resultando em uma nova chamada para baixar todas as mensagens. Isso é comumente usado para buscar mensagens antigas de um grupo.
Embora essas medidas imponham limites ao que o servidor pode inferir, ainda não podemos garantir resistência total aos metadados. Para soluções futuras para esse problema, consulte Niwl.
Proteção contra Pares Maliciosos
Os servidores enfrentam o risco de spam gerado por pares, representando uma ameaça significativa à eficácia do sistema Cwtch. Embora tenhamos implementado um mecanismo de proteção contra spam no protótipo do Cwtch, exigindo que os pares realizem alguma prova de trabalho especificada pelo servidor, reconhecemos que essa não é uma solução robusta na presença de um adversário determinado com recursos significativos.
Pacotes de Chaves
Os servidores Cwtch se identificam por meio de pacotes de chaves assinados, contendo uma lista de chaves necessárias para garantir a segurança e resistência aos metadados na comunicação do grupo Cwtch. Esses pacotes de chaves geralmente incluem três chaves: uma chave pública do serviço Tor v3 Onion para o Token Board, uma chave pública do Tor v3 Onion Service para o Token Service e uma chave pública do Privacy Pass.
Para verificar os pacotes de chaves, os perfis que os importam do servidor utilizam o algoritmo trust-on-first-use (TOFU), verificando a assinatura anexada e a existência de todos os tipos de chave. Se o perfil já tiver importado o pacote de chaves do servidor anteriormente, todas as chaves são consideradas iguais.
Configuração prévia do aplicativo para ativar o Relé do Cwtch.
No Android, a hospedagem de servidor não está habilitada, pois essa opção não está disponível devido às limitações dos dispositivos Android. Essa funcionalidade está reservada apenas para servidores hospedados em desktops.
No Android, a única forma direta de importar uma chave de servidor é através do grupo de teste Cwtch, garantindo assim acesso ao servidor Cwtch.
Primeiro passo é Habilitar a opção de grupo no Cwtch que está em fase de testes. Clique na opção no canto superior direito da tela de configuração e pressione o botão para acessar as configurações do Cwtch.
Você pode alterar o idioma para Português do Brasil.Depois, role para baixo e selecione a opção para ativar os experimentos. Em seguida, ative a opção para habilitar o chat em grupo e a pré-visualização de imagens e fotos de perfil, permitindo que você troque sua foto de perfil.
https://link.storjshare.io/raw/jvss6zxle26jdguwaegtjdixhfka/production/f0ca039733d48895001261ab25c5d2efbaf3bf26e55aad3cce406646f9af9d15.MP4
Próximo passo é Criar um perfil.
Pressione o + botão de ação no canto inferior direito e selecione "Novo perfil" ou aberta no botão + adicionar novo perfil.
- Selecione um nome de exibição
- Selecione se deseja proteger
este perfil e salvo localmente com criptografia forte:
Senha: sua conta está protegida de outras pessoas que possam usar este dispositivo
Sem senha: qualquer pessoa que tenha acesso a este dispositivo poderá acessar este perfil.
Preencha sua senha e digite-a novamente
Os perfis são armazenados localmente no disco e criptografados usando uma chave derivada de uma senha conhecida pelo usuário (via pbkdf2).
Observe que, uma vez criptografado e armazenado em disco, a única maneira de recuperar um perfil é recuperando a chave da senha - como tal, não é possível fornecer uma lista completa de perfis aos quais um usuário pode ter acesso até inserir um senha.
https://link.storjshare.io/raw/jxqbqmur2lcqe2eym5thgz4so2ya/production/8f9df1372ec7e659180609afa48be22b12109ae5e1eda9ef1dc05c1325652507.MP4
O próximo passo é adicionar o FuzzBot, que é um bot de testes e de desenvolvimento.
Contato do FuzzBot: 4y2hxlxqzautabituedksnh2ulcgm2coqbure6wvfpg4gi2ci25ta5ad.
Ao enviar o comando "testgroup-invite" para o FuzzBot, você receberá um convite para entrar no Grupo Cwtch Test. Ao ingressar no grupo, você será automaticamente conectado ao servidor Cwtch. Você pode optar por sair do grupo a qualquer momento ou ficar para conversar e tirar dúvidas sobre o aplicativo e outros assuntos. Depois, você pode configurar seu próprio servidor Cwtch, o que é altamente recomendável.
https://link.storjshare.io/raw/jvji25zclkoqcouni5decle7if7a/production/ee3de3540a3e3dca6e6e26d303e12c2ef892a5d7769029275b8b95ffc7468780.MP4
Agora você pode utilizar o aplicativo normalmente. Algumas observações que notei: se houver demora na conexão com outra pessoa, ambas devem estar online. Se ainda assim a conexão não for estabelecida, basta clicar no ícone de reset do Tor para restabelecer a conexão com a outra pessoa.
Uma introdução aos perfis Cwtch.
Com Cwtch você pode criar um ou mais perfis . Cada perfil gera um par de chaves ed25519 aleatório compatível com a Rede Tor.
Este é o identificador que você pode fornecer às pessoas e que elas podem usar para entrar em contato com você via Cwtch.
Cwtch permite criar e gerenciar vários perfis separados. Cada perfil está associado a um par de chaves diferente que inicia um serviço cebola diferente.
Gerenciar Na inicialização, o Cwtch abrirá a tela Gerenciar Perfis. Nessa tela você pode:
- Crie um novo perfil.
- Desbloquear perfis.
- Criptografados existentes.
- Gerenciar perfis carregados.
- Alterando o nome de exibição de um perfil.
- Alterando a senha de um perfil
Excluindo um perfil.
- Alterando uma imagem de perfil.
Backup ou exportação de um perfil.
Na tela de gerenciamento de perfil:
1. Selecione o lápis ao lado do perfil que você deseja editar
2. Role para baixo até a parte inferior da tela.
3. Selecione "Exportar perfil"
4. Escolha um local e um nome de arquivo.
5.confirme.
Uma vez confirmado, o Cwtch colocará uma cópia do perfil no local indicado. Este arquivo é criptografado no mesmo nível do perfil.
Este arquivo pode ser importado para outra instância do Cwtch em qualquer dispositivo.
Importando um perfil.
1. Pressione o +botão de ação no canto inferior direito e selecione "Importar perfil"
2. Selecione um arquivo de perfil Cwtch exportado para importar
3. Digite a senha associada ao perfil e confirme.
Uma vez confirmado, o Cwtch tentará descriptografar o arquivo fornecido usando uma chave derivada da senha fornecida. Se for bem-sucedido, o perfil aparecerá na tela Gerenciamento de perfil e estará pronto para uso.
OBSERVAÇÃO
Embora um perfil possa ser importado para vários dispositivos, atualmente apenas uma versão de um perfil pode ser usada em todos os dispositivos ao mesmo tempo.
As tentativas de usar o mesmo perfil em vários dispositivos podem resultar em problemas de disponibilidade e falhas de mensagens.
Qual é a diferença entre uma conexão ponto a ponto e um grupo cwtch?
As conexões ponto a ponto Cwtch permitem que 2 pessoas troquem mensagens diretamente. As conexões ponto a ponto nos bastidores usam serviços cebola Tor v3 para fornecer uma conexão criptografada e resistente a metadados. Devido a esta conexão direta, ambas as partes precisam estar online ao mesmo tempo para trocar mensagens.
Os Grupos Cwtch permitem que várias partes participem de uma única conversa usando um servidor não confiável (que pode ser fornecido por terceiros ou auto-hospedado). Os operadores de servidores não conseguem saber quantas pessoas estão em um grupo ou o que está sendo discutido. Se vários grupos estiverem hospedados em um único servidor, o servidor não conseguirá saber quais mensagens pertencem a qual grupo sem a conivência de um membro do grupo. Ao contrário das conversas entre pares, as conversas em grupo podem ser conduzidas de forma assíncrona, para que todos num grupo não precisem estar online ao mesmo tempo.
Por que os grupos cwtch são experimentais?
Mensagens em grupo resistentes a metadados ainda são um problema em aberto . Embora a versão que fornecemos no Cwtch Beta seja projetada para ser segura e com metadados privados, ela é bastante ineficiente e pode ser mal utilizada. Como tal, aconselhamos cautela ao usá-lo e apenas o fornecemos como um recurso opcional.
Como posso executar meu próprio servidor Cwtch?
A implementação de referência para um servidor Cwtch é de código aberto . Qualquer pessoa pode executar um servidor Cwtch, e qualquer pessoa com uma cópia do pacote de chaves públicas do servidor pode hospedar grupos nesse servidor sem que o operador tenha acesso aos metadados relacionados ao grupo .
https://git.openprivacy.ca/cwtch.im/server
https://docs.openprivacy.ca/cwtch-security-handbook/server.html
Como posso desligar o Cwtch?
O painel frontal do aplicativo possui um ícone do botão "Shutdown Cwtch" (com um 'X'). Pressionar este botão irá acionar uma caixa de diálogo e, na confirmação, o Cwtch será desligado e todos os perfis serão descarregados.
Suas doações podem fazer a diferença no projeto Cwtch? O Cwtch é um projeto dedicado a construir aplicativos que preservam a privacidade, oferecendo comunicação de grupo resistente a metadados. Além disso, o projeto também desenvolve o Cofre, formulários da web criptografados para ajudar mútua segura. Suas contribuições apoiam iniciativas importantes, como a divulgação de violações de dados médicos em Vancouver e pesquisas sobre a segurança do voto eletrônico na Suíça. Ao doar, você está ajudando a fechar o ciclo, trabalhando com comunidades marginalizadas para identificar e corrigir lacunas de privacidade. Além disso, o projeto trabalha em soluções inovadoras, como a quebra de segredos através da criptografia de limite para proteger sua privacidade durante passagens de fronteira. E também tem a infraestrutura: toda nossa infraestrutura é open source e sem fins lucrativos. Conheça também o Fuzzytags, uma estrutura criptográfica probabilística para marcação resistente a metadados. Sua doação é crucial para continuar o trabalho em prol da privacidade e segurança online. Contribua agora com sua doação
https://openprivacy.ca/donate/
onde você pode fazer sua doação em bitcoin e outras moedas, e saiba mais sobre os projetos.
https://openprivacy.ca/work/
Link sobre Cwtch
https://cwtch.im/
https://git.openprivacy.ca/cwtch.im/cwtch
https://docs.cwtch.im/docs/intro
https://docs.openprivacy.ca/cwtch-security-handbook/
Baixar #CwtchDev
cwtch.im/download/
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=im.cwtch.flwtch
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@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4
2024-10-05 22:04:32
Como funciona o PGP.
O texto a seguir foi retirado do capítulo 1 do documento Introdução à criptografia na documentação do PGP 6.5.1. Copyright © 1990-1999 Network Associates, Inc. Todos os direitos reservados.
-O que é criptografia?
-Criptografia forte
-Como funciona a criptografia?
-Criptografia convencional
-Cifra de César
-Gerenciamento de chaves e criptografia convencional
-Criptografia de chave pública
-Como funciona o PGP
- Chaves
• Assinaturas digitais
-Funções hash
• Certificados digitais
-Distribuição de certificados
-Formatos de certificado
•Validade e confiança
-Verificando validade
-Estabelecendo confiança
-Modelos de confiança
• Revogação de certificado
-Comunicar que um certificado foi revogado
-O que é uma senha?
-Divisão de chave
Os princípios básicos da criptografia.
Quando Júlio César enviou mensagens aos seus generais, ele não confiou nos seus mensageiros. Então ele substituiu cada A em suas mensagens por um D, cada B por um E, e assim por diante através do alfabeto. Somente alguém que conhecesse a regra “shift by 3” poderia decifrar suas mensagens.
E assim começamos.
Criptografia e descriptografia.
Os dados que podem ser lidos e compreendidos sem quaisquer medidas especiais são chamados de texto simples ou texto não criptografado. O método de disfarçar o texto simples de forma a ocultar sua substância é chamado de criptografia. Criptografar texto simples resulta em um jargão ilegível chamado texto cifrado. Você usa criptografia para garantir que as informações sejam ocultadas de qualquer pessoa a quem não se destinam, mesmo daqueles que podem ver os dados criptografados. O processo de reverter o texto cifrado ao texto simples original é chamado de descriptografia . A Figura 1-1 ilustra esse processo.
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_5922365650718442651699905288.webp
Figura 1-1. Criptografia e descriptografia
O que é criptografia?
Criptografia é a ciência que usa a matemática para criptografar e descriptografar dados. A criptografia permite armazenar informações confidenciais ou transmiti-las através de redes inseguras (como a Internet) para que não possam ser lidas por ninguém, exceto pelo destinatário pretendido.
Embora a criptografia seja a ciência que protege os dados, a criptoanálise é a ciência que analisa e quebra a comunicação segura. A criptoanálise clássica envolve uma combinação interessante de raciocínio analítico, aplicação de ferramentas matemáticas, descoberta de padrões, paciência, determinação e sorte. Os criptoanalistas também são chamados de atacantes.
A criptologia abrange tanto a criptografia quanto a criptoanálise.
Criptografia forte.
"Existem dois tipos de criptografia neste mundo: a criptografia que impedirá a sua irmã mais nova de ler os seus arquivos, e a criptografia que impedirá os principais governos de lerem os seus arquivos. Este livro é sobre o último."
--Bruce Schneier, Criptografia Aplicada: Protocolos, Algoritmos e Código Fonte em C.
PGP também trata deste último tipo de criptografia. A criptografia pode ser forte ou fraca, conforme explicado acima. A força criptográfica é medida no tempo e nos recursos necessários para recuperar o texto simples. O resultado de uma criptografia forte é um texto cifrado que é muito difícil de decifrar sem a posse da ferramenta de decodificação apropriada. Quão díficil? Dado todo o poder computacional e o tempo disponível de hoje – mesmo um bilhão de computadores fazendo um bilhão de verificações por segundo – não é possível decifrar o resultado de uma criptografia forte antes do fim do universo.
Alguém poderia pensar, então, que uma criptografia forte resistiria muito bem até mesmo contra um criptoanalista extremamente determinado. Quem pode realmente dizer? Ninguém provou que a criptografia mais forte disponível hoje resistirá ao poder computacional de amanhã. No entanto, a criptografia forte empregada pelo PGP é a melhor disponível atualmente.
Contudo, a vigilância e o conservadorismo irão protegê-lo melhor do que as alegações de impenetrabilidade.
Como funciona a criptografia?
Um algoritmo criptográfico, ou cifra, é uma função matemática usada no processo de criptografia e descriptografia. Um algoritmo criptográfico funciona em combinação com uma chave – uma palavra, número ou frase – para criptografar o texto simples. O mesmo texto simples é criptografado em texto cifrado diferente com chaves diferentes. A segurança dos dados criptografados depende inteiramente de duas coisas: a força do algoritmo criptográfico e o sigilo da chave.
Um algoritmo criptográfico, mais todas as chaves possíveis e todos os protocolos que o fazem funcionar constituem um criptossistema. PGP é um criptossistema.
Criptografia convencional.
Na criptografia convencional, também chamada de criptografia de chave secreta ou de chave simétrica , uma chave é usada tanto para criptografia quanto para descriptografia. O Data Encryption Standard (DES) é um exemplo de criptossistema convencional amplamente empregado pelo Governo Federal. A Figura 1-2 é uma ilustração do processo de criptografia convencional.
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_1563316185075842071699905520.webp
Figura 1-2. Criptografia convencional
Cifra de César.
Um exemplo extremamente simples de criptografia convencional é uma cifra de substituição. Uma cifra de substituição substitui uma informação por outra. Isso é feito com mais frequência compensando as letras do alfabeto. Dois exemplos são o Anel Decodificador Secreto do Capitão Meia-Noite, que você pode ter possuído quando era criança, e a cifra de Júlio César. Em ambos os casos, o algoritmo serve para compensar o alfabeto e a chave é o número de caracteres para compensá-lo.
Por exemplo, se codificarmos a palavra "SEGREDO" usando o valor chave de César de 3, deslocaremos o alfabeto para que a terceira letra abaixo (D) comece o alfabeto.
Então começando com
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
e deslizando tudo para cima em 3, você obtém
DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABC
onde D=A, E=B, F=C e assim por diante.
Usando este esquema, o texto simples, "SECRET" é criptografado como "VHFUHW". Para permitir que outra pessoa leia o texto cifrado, você diz a ela que a chave é 3.
Obviamente, esta é uma criptografia extremamente fraca para os padrões atuais, mas, ei, funcionou para César e ilustra como funciona a criptografia convencional.
Gerenciamento de chaves e criptografia convencional.
A criptografia convencional tem benefícios. É muito rápido. É especialmente útil para criptografar dados que não vão a lugar nenhum. No entanto, a criptografia convencional por si só como meio de transmissão segura de dados pode ser bastante cara, simplesmente devido à dificuldade de distribuição segura de chaves.
Lembre-se de um personagem do seu filme de espionagem favorito: a pessoa com uma pasta trancada e algemada ao pulso. Afinal, o que há na pasta? Provavelmente não é o código de lançamento de mísseis/fórmula de biotoxina/plano de invasão em si. É a chave que irá descriptografar os dados secretos.
Para que um remetente e um destinatário se comuniquem com segurança usando criptografia convencional, eles devem chegar a um acordo sobre uma chave e mantê-la secreta entre si. Se estiverem em locais físicos diferentes, devem confiar em um mensageiro, no Bat Phone ou em algum outro meio de comunicação seguro para evitar a divulgação da chave secreta durante a transmissão. Qualquer pessoa que ouvir ou interceptar a chave em trânsito poderá posteriormente ler, modificar e falsificar todas as informações criptografadas ou autenticadas com essa chave. Do DES ao Anel Decodificador Secreto do Capitão Midnight, o problema persistente com a criptografia convencional é a distribuição de chaves: como você leva a chave ao destinatário sem que alguém a intercepte?
Criptografia de chave pública.
Os problemas de distribuição de chaves são resolvidos pela criptografia de chave pública, cujo conceito foi introduzido por Whitfield Diffie e Martin Hellman em 1975. (Há agora evidências de que o Serviço Secreto Britânico a inventou alguns anos antes de Diffie e Hellman, mas a manteve um segredo militar - e não fez nada com isso.
[JH Ellis: The Possibility of Secure Non-Secret Digital Encryption, CESG Report, January 1970])
A criptografia de chave pública é um esquema assimétrico que usa um par de chaves para criptografia: uma chave pública, que criptografa os dados, e uma chave privada ou secreta correspondente para descriptografia. Você publica sua chave pública para o mundo enquanto mantém sua chave privada em segredo. Qualquer pessoa com uma cópia da sua chave pública pode criptografar informações que somente você pode ler. Até mesmo pessoas que você nunca conheceu.
É computacionalmente inviável deduzir a chave privada da chave pública. Qualquer pessoa que possua uma chave pública pode criptografar informações, mas não pode descriptografá-las. Somente a pessoa que possui a chave privada correspondente pode descriptografar as informações.
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_6137622541655550851699909180.webp
Figura 1-3. Criptografia de chave pública
O principal benefício da criptografia de chave pública é que ela permite que pessoas que não possuem nenhum acordo de segurança pré-existente troquem mensagens com segurança. A necessidade de remetente e destinatário compartilharem chaves secretas através de algum canal seguro é eliminada; todas as comunicações envolvem apenas chaves públicas e nenhuma chave privada é transmitida ou compartilhada. Alguns exemplos de criptossistemas de chave pública são Elgamal (nomeado em homenagem a seu inventor, Taher Elgamal), RSA (nomeado em homenagem a seus inventores, Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir e Leonard Adleman), Diffie-Hellman (nomeado, você adivinhou, em homenagem a seus inventores). ) e DSA, o algoritmo de assinatura digital (inventado por David Kravitz).
Como a criptografia convencional já foi o único meio disponível para transmitir informações secretas, o custo dos canais seguros e da distribuição de chaves relegou a sua utilização apenas àqueles que podiam pagar, como governos e grandes bancos (ou crianças pequenas com anéis descodificadores secretos). A criptografia de chave pública é a revolução tecnológica que fornece criptografia forte para as massas adultas. Lembra do mensageiro com a pasta trancada e algemada ao pulso? A criptografia de chave pública o tira do mercado (provavelmente para seu alívio).
Como funciona o PGP.
O PGP combina alguns dos melhores recursos da criptografia convencional e de chave pública. PGP é um criptossistema híbrido. Quando um usuário criptografa texto simples com PGP, o PGP primeiro compacta o texto simples. A compactação de dados economiza tempo de transmissão do modem e espaço em disco e, mais importante ainda, fortalece a segurança criptográfica. A maioria das técnicas de criptoanálise explora padrões encontrados no texto simples para quebrar a cifra. A compressão reduz esses padrões no texto simples, aumentando assim enormemente a resistência à criptoanálise. (Arquivos que são muito curtos para compactar ou que não são compactados bem não são compactados.)
O PGP então cria uma chave de sessão, que é uma chave secreta única. Esta chave é um número aleatório gerado a partir dos movimentos aleatórios do mouse e das teclas digitadas. Esta chave de sessão funciona com um algoritmo de criptografia convencional rápido e muito seguro para criptografar o texto simples; o resultado é texto cifrado. Depois que os dados são criptografados, a chave da sessão é criptografada na chave pública do destinatário. Essa chave de sessão criptografada com chave pública é transmitida junto com o texto cifrado ao destinatário.
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_1978130242364857481699910331.webp
Figura 1-4. Como funciona a criptografia PGP
A descriptografia funciona ao contrário. A cópia do PGP do destinatário usa sua chave privada para recuperar a chave de sessão temporária, que o PGP usa para descriptografar o texto cifrado criptografado convencionalmente.
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_1978130242364857481699910331.webp
Figura 1-5. Como funciona a descriptografia PGP
A combinação dos dois métodos de criptografia combina a conveniência da criptografia de chave pública com a velocidade da criptografia convencional. A criptografia convencional é cerca de 1.000 vezes mais rápida que a criptografia de chave pública. A criptografia de chave pública, por sua vez, fornece uma solução para
problemas de distribuição de chaves e transmissão de dados. Usados em conjunto, o desempenho e a distribuição de chaves são melhorados sem qualquer sacrifício na segurança.
Chaves.
Uma chave é um valor que funciona com um algoritmo criptográfico para produzir um texto cifrado específico. As chaves são basicamente números muito, muito, muito grandes. O tamanho da chave é medido em bits; o número que representa uma chave de 1024 bits é enorme. Na criptografia de chave pública, quanto maior a chave, mais seguro é o texto cifrado.
No entanto, o tamanho da chave pública e o tamanho da chave secreta da criptografia convencional não têm nenhuma relação. Uma chave convencional de 80 bits tem a força equivalente a uma chave pública de 1.024 bits. Uma chave convencional de 128 bits é equivalente a uma chave pública de 3.000 bits. Novamente, quanto maior a chave, mais segura, mas os algoritmos usados para cada tipo de criptografia são muito diferentes e, portanto, a comparação é como a de maçãs com laranjas.
Embora as chaves pública e privada estejam matematicamente relacionadas, é muito difícil derivar a chave privada dada apenas a chave pública; no entanto, derivar a chave privada é sempre possível, desde que haja tempo e capacidade computacional suficientes. Isto torna muito importante escolher chaves do tamanho certo; grande o suficiente para ser seguro, mas pequeno o suficiente para ser aplicado rapidamente. Além disso, você precisa considerar quem pode estar tentando ler seus arquivos, quão determinados eles estão, quanto tempo têm e quais podem ser seus recursos.
Chaves maiores serão criptograficamente seguras por um longo período de tempo. Se o que você deseja criptografar precisar ficar oculto por muitos anos, você pode usar uma chave muito grande. Claro, quem sabe quanto tempo levará para determinar sua chave usando os computadores mais rápidos e eficientes de amanhã? Houve um tempo em que uma chave simétrica de 56 bits era considerada extremamente segura.
As chaves são armazenadas de forma criptografada. O PGP armazena as chaves em dois arquivos no seu disco rígido; um para chaves públicas e outro para chaves privadas. Esses arquivos são chamados de chaveiros. Ao usar o PGP, você normalmente adicionará as chaves públicas dos seus destinatários ao seu chaveiro público. Suas chaves privadas são armazenadas em seu chaveiro privado. Se você perder seu chaveiro privado, não será possível descriptografar nenhuma informação criptografada nas chaves desse anel.
Assinaturas digitais.
Um grande benefício da criptografia de chave pública é que ela fornece um método para empregar assinaturas digitais. As assinaturas digitais permitem ao destinatário da informação verificar a autenticidade da origem da informação e também verificar se a informação está intacta. Assim, as assinaturas digitais de chave pública fornecem autenticação e integridade de dados. A assinatura digital também proporciona o não repúdio, o que significa que evita que o remetente alegue que não enviou realmente as informações. Esses recursos são tão fundamentais para a criptografia quanto a privacidade, se não mais.
Uma assinatura digital tem a mesma finalidade de uma assinatura manuscrita. No entanto, uma assinatura manuscrita é fácil de falsificar. Uma assinatura digital é superior a uma assinatura manuscrita porque é quase impossível de ser falsificada, além de atestar o conteúdo da informação, bem como a identidade do signatário.
Algumas pessoas tendem a usar mais assinaturas do que criptografia. Por exemplo, você pode não se importar se alguém souber que você acabou de depositar US$ 1.000 em sua conta, mas quer ter certeza de que foi o caixa do banco com quem você estava lidando.
A maneira básica pela qual as assinaturas digitais são criadas é ilustrada na Figura 1-6 . Em vez de criptografar informações usando a chave pública de outra pessoa, você as criptografa com sua chave privada. Se as informações puderem ser descriptografadas com sua chave pública, elas deverão ter se originado em você.
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_4033165715613998201699910446.webp
Figura 1-6. Assinaturas digitais simples
Funções hash.
O sistema descrito acima apresenta alguns problemas. É lento e produz um enorme volume de dados – pelo menos o dobro do tamanho da informação original. Uma melhoria no esquema acima é a adição de uma função hash unidirecional no processo. Uma função hash unidirecional recebe uma entrada de comprimento variável – neste caso, uma mensagem de qualquer comprimento, até mesmo milhares ou milhões de bits – e produz uma saída de comprimento fixo; digamos, 160 bits. A função hash garante que, se a informação for alterada de alguma forma – mesmo que por apenas um bit – seja produzido um valor de saída totalmente diferente.
O PGP usa uma função hash criptograficamente forte no texto simples que o usuário está assinando. Isso gera um item de dados de comprimento fixo conhecido como resumo da mensagem. (Novamente, qualquer alteração nas informações resulta em um resumo totalmente diferente.)
Então o PGP usa o resumo e a chave privada para criar a “assinatura”. O PGP transmite a assinatura e o texto simples juntos. Ao receber a mensagem, o destinatário utiliza o PGP para recalcular o resumo, verificando assim a assinatura. O PGP pode criptografar o texto simples ou não; assinar texto simples é útil se alguns dos destinatários não estiverem interessados ou não forem capazes de verificar a assinatura.
Desde que uma função hash segura seja usada, não há como retirar a assinatura de alguém de um documento e anexá-la a outro, ou alterar uma mensagem assinada de qualquer forma. A menor alteração em um documento assinado causará falha no processo de verificação da assinatura digital.
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Figura 1-7. Assinaturas digitais seguras
As assinaturas digitais desempenham um papel importante na autenticação e validação de chaves de outros usuários PGP.
Certificados digitais.
Um problema com os criptosistemas de chave pública é que os usuários devem estar constantemente vigilantes para garantir que estão criptografando com a chave da pessoa correta. Num ambiente onde é seguro trocar chaves livremente através de servidores públicos, os ataques man-in-the-middle são uma ameaça potencial. Neste tipo de ataque, alguém publica uma chave falsa com o nome e ID de usuário do destinatário pretendido. Os dados criptografados – e interceptados por – o verdadeiro proprietário desta chave falsa estão agora em mãos erradas.
Em um ambiente de chave pública, é vital que você tenha certeza de que a chave pública para a qual você está criptografando os dados é de fato a chave pública do destinatário pretendido e não uma falsificação. Você pode simplesmente criptografar apenas as chaves que foram entregues fisicamente a você. Mas suponha que você precise trocar informações com pessoas que nunca conheceu; como você pode saber se tem a chave correta?
Os certificados digitais, ou certs, simplificam a tarefa de estabelecer se uma chave pública realmente pertence ao suposto proprietário.
Um certificado é uma forma de credencial. Exemplos podem ser sua carteira de motorista, seu cartão de previdência social ou sua certidão de nascimento. Cada um deles contém algumas informações que identificam você e alguma autorização informando que outra pessoa confirmou sua identidade. Alguns certificados, como o seu passaporte, são uma confirmação importante o suficiente da sua identidade para que você não queira perdê-los, para que ninguém os use para se passar por você.
Um certificado digital são dados que funcionam como um certificado físico. Um certificado digital é uma informação incluída na chave pública de uma pessoa que ajuda outras pessoas a verificar se uma chave é genuína ou válida. Os certificados digitais são usados para impedir tentativas de substituir a chave de uma pessoa por outra.
Um certificado digital consiste em três coisas:
● Uma chave pública.
● Informações do certificado. (Informações de "identidade" sobre o usuário, como nome, ID do usuário e assim por diante.)
● Uma ou mais assinaturas digitais.
O objetivo da assinatura digital em um certificado é afirmar que as informações do certificado foram atestadas por alguma outra pessoa ou entidade. A assinatura digital não atesta a autenticidade do certificado como um todo; ele atesta apenas que as informações de identidade assinadas acompanham ou estão vinculadas à chave pública.
Assim, um certificado é basicamente uma chave pública com uma ou duas formas de identificação anexadas, além de um forte selo de aprovação de algum outro indivíduo confiável.
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Figura 1-8. Anatomia de um certificado PGP
Distribuição de certificados.
Os certificados são utilizados quando é necessário trocar chaves públicas com outra pessoa. Para pequenos grupos de pessoas que desejam se comunicar com segurança, é fácil trocar manualmente disquetes ou e-mails contendo a chave pública de cada proprietário. Esta é a distribuição manual de chave pública e é prática apenas até certo ponto. Além desse ponto, é necessário implementar sistemas que possam fornecer os mecanismos necessários de segurança, armazenamento e troca para que colegas de trabalho, parceiros de negócios ou estranhos possam se comunicar, se necessário. Eles podem vir na forma de repositórios somente de armazenamento, chamados Servidores de Certificados, ou sistemas mais estruturados que fornecem recursos adicionais de gerenciamento de chaves e são chamados de Infraestruturas de Chave Pública (PKIs).
Servidores de certificados.
Um servidor de certificados, também chamado de servidor certificado ou servidor de chaves, é um banco de dados que permite aos usuários enviar e recuperar certificados digitais. Um servidor certificado geralmente fornece alguns recursos administrativos que permitem que uma empresa mantenha suas políticas de segurança – por exemplo, permitindo que apenas as chaves que atendam a determinados requisitos sejam armazenadas.
Infraestruturas de Chave Pública.
Uma PKI contém os recursos de armazenamento de certificados de um servidor de certificados, mas também fornece recursos de gerenciamento de certificados (a capacidade de emitir, revogar, armazenar, recuperar e confiar em certificados). A principal característica de uma PKI é a introdução do que é conhecido como Autoridade Certificadora,ou CA, que é uma entidade humana — uma pessoa, grupo, departamento, empresa ou outra associação — que uma organização autorizou a emitir certificados para seus usuários de computador. (A função de uma CA é análoga à do Passport Office do governo de um país.) Uma CA cria certificados e os assina digitalmente usando a chave privada da CA. Devido ao seu papel na criação de certificados, a CA é o componente central de uma PKI. Usando a chave pública da CA, qualquer pessoa que queira verificar a autenticidade de um certificado verifica a assinatura digital da CA emissora e, portanto, a integridade do conteúdo do certificado (mais importante ainda, a chave pública e a identidade do titular do certificado).
Formatos de certificado.
Um certificado digital é basicamente uma coleção de informações de identificação vinculadas a uma chave pública e assinadas por um terceiro confiável para provar sua autenticidade. Um certificado digital pode ter vários formatos diferentes.
O PGP reconhece dois formatos de certificado diferentes:
● Certificados PGP
● Certificados X.509
Formato do certificado PGP.
Um certificado PGP inclui (mas não está limitado a) as seguintes informações:
● O número da versão do PGP — identifica qual versão do PGP foi usada para criar a chave associada ao certificado.
A chave pública do titular do certificado — a parte pública do seu par de chaves, juntamente com o algoritmo da chave: RSA, DH (Diffie-Hellman) ou DSA (Algoritmo de Assinatura Digital).
● As informações do detentor do certificado — consistem em informações de “identidade” sobre o usuário, como seu nome, ID de usuário, fotografia e assim por diante.
● A assinatura digital do proprietário do certificado — também chamada de autoassinatura, é a assinatura que utiliza a chave privada correspondente da chave pública associada ao certificado.
● O período de validade do certificado — a data/hora de início e a data/hora de expiração do certificado; indica quando o certificado irá expirar.
● O algoritmo de criptografia simétrica preferido para a chave — indica o algoritmo de criptografia para o qual o proprietário do certificado prefere que as informações sejam criptografadas. Os algoritmos suportados são CAST, IDEA ou Triple-DES.
Você pode pensar em um certificado PGP como uma chave pública com um ou mais rótulos vinculados a ele (veja a Figura 1.9 ). Nessas 'etiquetas' você encontrará informações que identificam o proprietário da chave e uma assinatura do proprietário da chave, que afirma que a chave e a identificação andam juntas. (Essa assinatura específica é chamada de autoassinatura; todo certificado PGP contém uma autoassinatura.)
Um aspecto único do formato de certificado PGP é que um único certificado pode conter múltiplas assinaturas. Várias ou muitas pessoas podem assinar o par chave/identificação para atestar a sua própria garantia de que a chave pública pertence definitivamente ao proprietário especificado. Se você procurar em um servidor de certificados público, poderá notar que certos certificados, como o do criador do PGP, Phil Zimmermann, contêm muitas assinaturas.
Alguns certificados PGP consistem em uma chave pública com vários rótulos, cada um contendo um meio diferente de identificar o proprietário da chave (por exemplo, o nome do proprietário e a conta de e-mail corporativa, o apelido do proprietário e a conta de e-mail residencial, uma fotografia do proprietário — tudo em um certificado). A lista de assinaturas de cada uma dessas identidades pode ser diferente; as assinaturas atestam a autenticidade de que um dos rótulos pertence à chave pública, e não que todos os rótulos da chave sejam autênticos. (Observe que 'autêntico' está nos olhos de quem vê - assinaturas são opiniões, e diferentes pessoas dedicam diferentes níveis de devida diligência na verificação da autenticidade antes de assinar uma chave.)
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Figura 1-9. Um certificado PGP
Formato de certificado X.509.
X.509 é outro formato de certificado muito comum. Todos os certificados X.509 estão em conformidade com o padrão internacional ITU-T X.509; assim (teoricamente) os certificados X.509 criados para um aplicativo podem ser usados por qualquer aplicativo compatível com X.509. Na prática, porém, diferentes empresas criaram suas próprias extensões para certificados X.509, e nem todas funcionam juntas.
Um certificado exige que alguém valide que uma chave pública e o nome do proprietário da chave andam juntos. Com os certificados PGP, qualquer pessoa pode desempenhar o papel de validador. Com certificados X.509, o validador é sempre uma Autoridade Certificadora ou alguém designado por uma CA. (Tenha em mente que os certificados PGP também suportam totalmente uma estrutura hierárquica usando uma CA para validar certificados.)
Um certificado X.509 é uma coleção de um conjunto padrão de campos contendo informações sobre um usuário ou dispositivo e sua chave pública correspondente. O padrão X.509 define quais informações vão para o certificado e descreve como codificá-lo (o formato dos dados). Todos os certificados X.509 possuem os seguintes dados:
O número da versão X.509
— identifica qual versão do padrão X.509 se aplica a este certificado, o que afeta quais informações podem ser especificadas nele. A mais atual é a versão 3.
A chave pública do titular do certificado
— a chave pública do titular do certificado, juntamente com um identificador de algoritmo que especifica a qual sistema criptográfico a chave pertence e quaisquer parâmetros de chave associados.
O número de série do certificado
— a entidade (aplicação ou pessoa) que criou o certificado é responsável por atribuir-lhe um número de série único para distingui-lo de outros certificados que emite. Esta informação é usada de diversas maneiras; por exemplo, quando um certificado é revogado, seu número de série é colocado em uma Lista de Revogação de Certificados ou CRL.
O identificador exclusivo do detentor do certificado
— (ou DN — nome distinto). Este nome pretende ser exclusivo na Internet. Este nome pretende ser exclusivo na Internet. Um DN consiste em múltiplas subseções e pode ser parecido com isto:
CN=Bob Allen, OU=Divisão Total de Segurança de Rede, O=Network Associates, Inc., C=EUA
(Referem-se ao nome comum, à unidade organizacional, à organização e ao país do sujeito .)
O período de validade do certificado
— a data/hora de início e a data/hora de expiração do certificado; indica quando o certificado irá expirar.
O nome exclusivo do emissor do certificado
— o nome exclusivo da entidade que assinou o certificado. Normalmente é uma CA. A utilização do certificado implica confiar na entidade que assinou este certificado. (Observe que em alguns casos, como certificados de CA raiz ou de nível superior , o emissor assina seu próprio certificado.)
A assinatura digital do emitente
— a assinatura utilizando a chave privada da entidade que emitiu o certificado.
O identificador do algoritmo de assinatura
— identifica o algoritmo usado pela CA para assinar o certificado.
Existem muitas diferenças entre um certificado X.509 e um certificado PGP, mas as mais importantes são as seguintes:
você pode criar seu próprio certificado PGP;
● você deve solicitar e receber um certificado X.509 de uma autoridade de certificação
● Os certificados X.509 suportam nativamente apenas um único nome para o proprietário da chave
● Os certificados X.509 suportam apenas uma única assinatura digital para atestar a validade da chave
Para obter um certificado X.509, você deve solicitar a uma CA a emissão de um certificado. Você fornece sua chave pública, prova de que possui a chave privada correspondente e algumas informações específicas sobre você. Em seguida, você assina digitalmente as informações e envia o pacote completo – a solicitação de certificado – para a CA. A CA então realiza algumas diligências para verificar se as informações fornecidas estão corretas e, em caso afirmativo, gera o certificado e o devolve.
Você pode pensar em um certificado X.509 como um certificado de papel padrão (semelhante ao que você recebeu ao concluir uma aula de primeiros socorros básicos) com uma chave pública colada nele. Ele contém seu nome e algumas informações sobre você, além da assinatura da pessoa que o emitiu para você.
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Figura 1-10. Um certificado X.509
Provavelmente, o uso mais visível dos certificados X.509 atualmente é em navegadores da web.
Validade e confiança
Cada usuário em um sistema de chave pública está vulnerável a confundir uma chave falsa (certificado) com uma chave real. Validade é a confiança de que um certificado de chave pública pertence ao seu suposto proprietário. A validade é essencial em um ambiente de chave pública onde você deve estabelecer constantemente se um determinado certificado é autêntico ou não.
Depois de ter certeza de que um certificado pertencente a outra pessoa é válido, você pode assinar a cópia em seu chaveiro para atestar que verificou o certificado e que ele é autêntico. Se quiser que outras pessoas saibam que você deu ao certificado seu selo de aprovação, você pode exportar a assinatura para um servidor de certificados para que outras pessoas possam vê-la.
Conforme descrito na seção Infraestruturas de Chave Pública , algumas empresas designam uma ou mais Autoridades de Certificação (CAs) para indicar a validade do certificado. Em uma organização que usa uma PKI com certificados X.509, é função da CA emitir certificados aos usuários — um processo que geralmente envolve responder à solicitação de certificado do usuário. Em uma organização que usa certificados PGP sem PKI, é função da CA verificar a autenticidade de todos os certificados PGP e depois assinar os bons. Basicamente, o objetivo principal de uma CA é vincular uma chave pública às informações de identificação contidas no certificado e, assim, garantir a terceiros que algum cuidado foi tomado para garantir que esta ligação das informações de identificação e da chave seja válida.
O CA é o Grand Pooh-bah da validação em uma organização; alguém em quem todos confiam e, em algumas organizações, como aquelas que utilizam uma PKI, nenhum certificado é considerado válido, a menos que tenha sido assinado por uma CA confiável.
Verificando validade.
Uma maneira de estabelecer a validade é passar por algum processo manual. Existem várias maneiras de fazer isso. Você pode exigir que o destinatário pretendido lhe entregue fisicamente uma cópia de sua chave pública. Mas isto é muitas vezes inconveniente e ineficiente.
Outra forma é verificar manualmente a impressão digital do certificado. Assim como as impressões digitais de cada ser humano são únicas, a impressão digital de cada certificado PGP é única. A impressão digital é um hash do certificado do usuário e aparece como uma das propriedades do certificado. No PGP, a impressão digital pode aparecer como um número hexadecimal ou uma série das chamadas palavras biométricas, que são foneticamente distintas e são usadas para facilitar um pouco o processo de identificação da impressão digital.
Você pode verificar se um certificado é válido ligando para o proprietário da chave (para que você origine a transação) e pedindo ao proprietário que leia a impressão digital de sua chave para você e compare essa impressão digital com aquela que você acredita ser a verdadeira. Isso funciona se você conhece a voz do proprietário, mas como verificar manualmente a identidade de alguém que você não conhece? Algumas pessoas colocam a impressão digital de sua chave em seus cartões de visita exatamente por esse motivo.
Outra forma de estabelecer a validade do certificado de alguém é confiar que um terceiro indivíduo passou pelo processo de validação do mesmo.
Uma CA, por exemplo, é responsável por garantir que, antes de emitir um certificado, ele ou ela o verifique cuidadosamente para ter certeza de que a parte da chave pública realmente pertence ao suposto proprietário. Qualquer pessoa que confie na CA considerará automaticamente quaisquer certificados assinados pela CA como válidos.
Outro aspecto da verificação da validade é garantir que o certificado não foi revogado. Para obter mais informações, consulte a seção Revogação de certificado .
Estabelecendo confiança.
Você valida certificados. Você confia nas pessoas. Mais especificamente, você confia nas pessoas para validar os certificados de outras pessoas. Normalmente, a menos que o proprietário lhe entregue o certificado, você terá que confiar na palavra de outra pessoa de que ele é válido.
Introdutores meta e confiáveis.
Na maioria das situações, as pessoas confiam completamente na CA para estabelecer a validade dos certificados. Isso significa que todos os demais dependem da CA para passar por todo o processo de validação manual. Isso é aceitável até um certo número de usuários ou locais de trabalho e, então, não é possível para a AC manter o mesmo nível de validação de qualidade. Nesse caso, é necessário adicionar outros validadores ao sistema.
Um CA também pode ser um meta- introdutor. Um meta-introdutor confere não apenas validade às chaves, mas também confere a capacidade de confiar nas chaves a outros. Semelhante ao rei que entrega seu selo a seus conselheiros de confiança para que eles possam agir de acordo com sua autoridade, o meta-introdutor permite que outros atuem como introdutores de confiança. Esses introdutores confiáveis podem validar chaves com o mesmo efeito do meta-introdutor. Eles não podem, entretanto, criar novos introdutores confiáveis.
Meta-introdutor e introdutor confiável são termos PGP. Em um ambiente X.509, o meta-introdutor é chamado de Autoridade de Certificação raiz ( CA raiz) e os introdutores confiáveis são Autoridades de Certificação subordinadas .
A CA raiz usa a chave privada associada a um tipo de certificado especial denominado certificado CA raiz para assinar certificados. Qualquer certificado assinado pelo certificado CA raiz é visto como válido por qualquer outro certificado assinado pela raiz. Este processo de validação funciona mesmo para certificados assinados por outras CAs no sistema — desde que o certificado da CA raiz tenha assinado o certificado da CA subordinada, qualquer certificado assinado pela CA será considerado válido para outras pessoas dentro da hierarquia. Este processo de verificação de backup por meio do sistema para ver quem assinou cujo certificado é chamado de rastreamento de um caminho de certificação ou cadeia de certificação.
Modelos de confiança.
Em sistemas relativamente fechados, como em uma pequena empresa, é fácil rastrear um caminho de certificação até a CA raiz. No entanto, os usuários muitas vezes precisam se comunicar com pessoas fora do seu ambiente corporativo, incluindo algumas que nunca conheceram, como fornecedores, consumidores, clientes, associados e assim por diante. É difícil estabelecer uma linha de confiança com aqueles em quem sua CA não confia explicitamente.
As empresas seguem um ou outro modelo de confiança, que determina como os usuários irão estabelecer a validade do certificado. Existem três modelos diferentes:
Confiança Direta.
Confiança Hierárquica
Uma teia de confiança
Confiança direta
A confiança direta é o modelo de confiança mais simples. Neste modelo, um usuário confia que uma chave é válida porque sabe de onde ela veio. Todos os criptosistemas usam essa forma de confiança de alguma forma. Por exemplo, em navegadores da Web, as chaves raiz da Autoridade de Certificação são diretamente confiáveis porque foram enviadas pelo fabricante. Se houver alguma forma de hierarquia, ela se estenderá a partir desses certificados diretamente confiáveis.
No PGP, um usuário que valida as chaves e nunca define outro certificado para ser um introdutor confiável está usando confiança direta.
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Figura 1-11. Confiança direta
Confiança Hierárquica.
Em um sistema hierárquico, há vários certificados "raiz" a partir dos quais a confiança se estende. Esses certificados podem certificar eles próprios certificados ou podem certificar certificados que certificam ainda outros certificados em alguma cadeia. Considere isso como uma grande “árvore” de confiança. A validade do certificado "folha" é verificada rastreando desde seu certificador até outros certificadores, até que um certificado raiz diretamente confiável seja encontrado.
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Figura 1-12. Confiança hierárquica
Teia de Confiança.
Uma teia de confiança abrange ambos os outros modelos, mas também acrescenta a noção de que a confiança está nos olhos de quem vê (que é a visão do mundo real) e a ideia de que mais informação é melhor. É, portanto, um modelo de confiança cumulativa. Um certificado pode ser confiável diretamente ou confiável em alguma cadeia que remonta a um certificado raiz diretamente confiável (o meta-introdutor) ou por algum grupo de introdutores.
Talvez você já tenha ouvido falar do termo seis graus de separação, que sugere que qualquer pessoa no mundo pode determinar algum vínculo com qualquer outra pessoa no mundo usando seis ou menos outras pessoas como intermediários. Esta é uma teia de introdutores.
É também a visão de confiança do PGP. PGP usa assinaturas digitais como forma de introdução. Quando qualquer usuário assina a chave de outro, ele ou ela se torna o introdutor dessa chave. À medida que esse processo avança, ele estabelece uma rede de confiança.
Em um ambiente PGP, qualquer usuário pode atuar como autoridade certificadora. Qualquer usuário PGP pode validar o certificado de chave pública de outro usuário PGP. No entanto, tal certificado só é válido para outro usuário se a parte confiável reconhecer o validador como um introdutor confiável. (Ou seja, você confia na minha opinião de que as chaves dos outros são válidas apenas se você me considerar um apresentador confiável. Caso contrário, minha opinião sobre a validade das outras chaves é discutível.)
Armazenados no chaveiro público de cada usuário estão indicadores de
● se o usuário considera ou não uma chave específica válida
● o nível de confiança que o usuário deposita na chave que o proprietário da chave pode servir como certificador das chaves de terceiros
Você indica, na sua cópia da minha chave, se acha que meu julgamento conta. Na verdade, é um sistema de reputação: certas pessoas têm a reputação de fornecer boas assinaturas e as pessoas confiam nelas para atestar a validade de outras chaves.
Níveis de confiança no PGP.
O nível mais alto de confiança em uma chave, a confiança implícita , é a confiança em seu próprio par de chaves. O PGP assume que se você possui a chave privada, você deve confiar nas ações da sua chave pública relacionada. Quaisquer chaves assinadas pela sua chave implicitamente confiável são válidas.
Existem três níveis de confiança que você pode atribuir à chave pública de outra pessoa:
● Confiança total
● Confiança marginal
● Não confiável (ou não confiável)
Para tornar as coisas confusas, também existem três níveis de validade:
● Válido
● Marginalmente válido
● Inválido
Para definir a chave de outra pessoa como um introdutor confiável, você
1. Comece com uma chave válida, que seja.
- assinado por você ou
- assinado por outro apresentador confiável e então
2. Defina o nível de confiança que você acha que o proprietário da chave tem direito.
Por exemplo, suponha que seu chaveiro contenha a chave de Alice. Você validou a chave de Alice e indica isso assinando-a. Você sabe que Alice é uma verdadeira defensora da validação de chaves de outras pessoas. Portanto, você atribui a chave dela com confiança total. Isso faz de Alice uma Autoridade Certificadora. Se Alice assinar a chave de outra pessoa, ela aparecerá como Válida em seu chaveiro.
O PGP requer uma assinatura Totalmente confiável ou duas assinaturas Marginalmente confiáveis para estabelecer uma chave como válida. O método do PGP de considerar dois Marginais iguais a um Completo é semelhante a um comerciante que solicita duas formas de identificação. Você pode considerar Alice bastante confiável e também considerar Bob bastante confiável. Qualquer um deles sozinho corre o risco de assinar acidentalmente uma chave falsificada, portanto, você pode não depositar total confiança em nenhum deles. No entanto, as probabilidades de ambos os indivíduos terem assinado a mesma chave falsa são provavelmente pequenas.
Revogação de certificado.
Os certificados só são úteis enquanto são válidos. Não é seguro simplesmente presumir que um certificado é válido para sempre. Na maioria das organizações e em todas as PKIs, os certificados têm uma vida útil restrita. Isso restringe o período em que um sistema fica vulnerável caso ocorra um comprometimento do certificado.
Os certificados são assim criados com um período de validade programado: uma data/hora de início e uma data/hora de expiração. Espera-se que o certificado seja utilizável durante todo o seu período de validade (seu tempo de vida ). Quando o certificado expirar, ele não será mais válido, pois a autenticidade do seu par chave/identificação não estará mais garantida. (O certificado ainda pode ser usado com segurança para reconfirmar informações que foram criptografadas ou assinadas dentro do período de validade – no entanto, ele não deve ser confiável para tarefas criptográficas futuras.)
Existem também situações em que é necessário invalidar um certificado antes da sua data de expiração, como quando o titular do certificado termina o contrato de trabalho com a empresa ou suspeita que a chave privada correspondente do certificado foi comprometida. Isso é chamado de revogação. Um certificado revogado é muito mais suspeito do que um certificado expirado. Os certificados expirados são inutilizáveis, mas não apresentam a mesma ameaça de comprometimento que um certificado revogado.
Qualquer pessoa que tenha assinado um certificado pode revogar a sua assinatura no certificado (desde que utilize a mesma chave privada que criou a assinatura). Uma assinatura revogada indica que o signatário não acredita mais que a chave pública e as informações de identificação pertencem uma à outra, ou que a chave pública do certificado (ou a chave privada correspondente) foi comprometida. Uma assinatura revogada deve ter quase tanto peso quanto um certificado revogado.
Com certificados X.509, uma assinatura revogada é praticamente igual a um certificado revogado, visto que a única assinatura no certificado é aquela que o tornou válido em primeiro lugar – a assinatura da CA. Os certificados PGP fornecem o recurso adicional de que você pode revogar todo o seu certificado (não apenas as assinaturas nele) se você achar que o certificado foi comprometido.
Somente o proprietário do certificado (o detentor da chave privada correspondente) ou alguém que o proprietário do certificado tenha designado como revogador pode revogar um certificado PGP. (Designar um revogador é uma prática útil, pois muitas vezes é a perda da senha da chave privada correspondente do certificado que leva um usuário PGP a revogar seu certificado - uma tarefa que só é possível se alguém tiver acesso à chave privada. ) Somente o emissor do certificado pode revogar um certificado X.509.
Comunicar que um certificado foi revogado.
Quando um certificado é revogado, é importante conscientizar os usuários potenciais do certificado de que ele não é mais válido. Com certificados PGP, a maneira mais comum de comunicar que um certificado foi revogado é publicá-lo em um servidor de certificados para que outras pessoas que desejem se comunicar com você sejam avisadas para não usar essa chave pública.
Em um ambiente PKI, a comunicação de certificados revogados é mais comumente obtida por meio de uma estrutura de dados chamada Lista de Revogação de Certificados, ou CRL, que é publicada pela CA. A CRL contém uma lista validada com carimbo de data e hora de todos os certificados revogados e não expirados no sistema. Os certificados revogados permanecem na lista apenas até expirarem e, em seguida, são removidos da lista — isso evita que a lista fique muito longa.
A CA distribui a CRL aos usuários em algum intervalo programado regularmente (e potencialmente fora do ciclo, sempre que um certificado é revogado). Teoricamente, isso impedirá que os usuários usem involuntariamente um certificado comprometido. É possível, no entanto, que haja um período de tempo entre as CRLs em que um certificado recentemente comprometido seja usado.
O que é uma senha?
A maioria das pessoas está familiarizada com a restrição de acesso a sistemas de computador por meio de uma senha, que é uma sequência única de caracteres que um usuário digita como código de identificação.
Uma senha longa é uma versão mais longa de uma senha e, em teoria, mais segura. Normalmente composta por várias palavras, uma frase secreta é mais segura contra ataques de dicionário padrão, em que o invasor tenta todas as palavras do dicionário na tentativa de determinar sua senha. As melhores senhas são relativamente longas e complexas e contêm uma combinação de letras maiúsculas e minúsculas, caracteres numéricos e de pontuação.
O PGP usa uma senha para criptografar sua chave privada em sua máquina. Sua chave privada é criptografada em seu disco usando um hash de sua senha como chave secreta. Você usa a senha para descriptografar e usar sua chave privada. Uma senha deve ser difícil de esquecer e difícil de ser adivinhada por outras pessoas. Deve ser algo já firmemente enraizado na sua memória de longo prazo, em vez de algo que você invente do zero. Por que? Porque se você esquecer sua senha, você estará sem sorte. Sua chave privada é total e absolutamente inútil sem sua senha e nada pode ser feito a respeito. Lembra-se da citação anterior neste capítulo?
https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_5284734693832771181699911783.webp
PGP é a criptografia que manterá os principais governos fora dos seus arquivos. Certamente também o manterá fora de seus arquivos. Tenha isso em mente quando decidir alterar sua senha para a piada daquela piada que você nunca consegue lembrar.
Divisão de chave.
Dizem que um segredo não é segredo se for conhecido por mais de uma pessoa. Compartilhar um par de chaves privadas representa um grande problema. Embora não seja uma prática recomendada, às vezes é necessário compartilhar um par de chaves privadas. Chaves de assinatura corporativa, por exemplo, são chaves privadas usadas por uma empresa para assinar – por exemplo – documentos legais, informações pessoais confidenciais ou comunicados de imprensa para autenticar sua origem. Nesse caso, vale a pena que vários membros da empresa tenham acesso à chave privada. No entanto, isto significa que qualquer indivíduo pode agir plenamente em nome da empresa.
Nesse caso, é aconselhável dividir a chave entre várias pessoas, de modo que mais de uma ou duas pessoas apresentem um pedaço da chave para reconstituí-la em condições utilizáveis. Se poucas peças da chave estiverem disponíveis, a chave ficará inutilizável.
Alguns exemplos são dividir uma chave em três partes e exigir duas delas para reconstituir a chave, ou dividi-la em duas partes e exigir ambas as peças. Se uma conexão de rede segura for usada durante o processo de reconstituição, os acionistas da chave não precisam estar fisicamente presentes para aderirem novamente à chave.
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-09-30 16:13:37
I’m not sure why it shocked my conscience. Lord knows, there were many prior examples of indifference to human suffering at unimaginable scale. The release of viruses, bioweapons disguised as vaccines, bombs dropped on ordinary families while they slept.
Maybe because it was never directed at anyone in particular — it was always the “unfortunate masses”, “collateral damage” sadly necessary for the greater good. But this was a person, someone we ourselves had put in that position, a human being who had naively trusted us. There was something especially sad and cruel about this particular operation.
You will understand I must remain anonymous — even publishing this at all entails grave risks not only for me, but also my family and even the families of my compatriots, several of whom also privately expressed pangs of conscience. The Council might not know who, but they would be able to narrow it down — there are only 38 of us, and while English is not my native language, I imagine linguistic patterns, detectable by AI, persist across tongues.
The problem for the Council was that Donald Trump was far ahead in the internal polling, beyond the margin of what we considered “plausible uncertainty” around the election results. We had done a good job of making sure the public facing polls stayed close enough and had seeded the betting markets, an increasingly important public indicator, with a steady stream of untraceable funds to give Kamala Harris even a slight edge. Some argued that would be enough — the widespread belief even among many Trump supporters was the election was a toss-up.
But the actual numbers were dire — Harris, having lost the support of the entire working class, from the Teamsters to the police to the military, could not even rely on previous democratic firewalls like blacks and hispanics who were defecting en masse. Mail-in ballots could be massaged, but after 2020, there were simply too many vigilant Trump operatives watching and auditing the election process like hawks. That is not to say it could not be pulled off — only that there was unacceptable risk he might win. And for many of us, including me, that risk was borderline existential.
We all knew this might happen — Operation S, it was called, and we all had ideas about how it might transpire. We openly discussed launching an attack on Moscow to provoke a wider war, necessitating unity and the postponing of the election, but the Council feared Vladimir Putin might not react the way we hoped, instead calmly gathering evidence and waiting until after the election to demand justice. As a former Council member he knew all too well our inner workings.
A second pandemic, one that made in-person voting impossible, was also discussed, but the Bird Flu variants that were most transmissible were laughably mild, and the deadlier ones simply did not spread. Moreover, even if the lab coats were to succeed at the last minute, too many people would be skeptical after the exaggerated covid response without seeing corpses piled in the street, and there just wasn’t time.
A widespread “cyber pandemic” was also considered, but the results were too unpredictable, as the internet is decentralized, and many feared Trump’s people might be better prepared and more organized for such an event.
Finally, a more serious assassination attempt on Trump was floated — we had not signed off on the prior two, which were appallingly flawed. Impudent operatives from CIA and Homeland Security, likely motivated by personal animus, lacked the necessary discipline, and of course it catastrophically backfired. Many in the Council believe we would not be in this situation but for their rashness. They would surely be punished after the election in ways one would not wish even on his most diabolical enemies.
The problem now was not the assassination — that could be pulled off trivially in any number of ways, but its consequences. Trump would become a martyr, and you would have perhaps an even more dangerous ticket with millions motivated to vote and many far less likely to accept a controversial result. We all agreed taking Trump off the board was no longer an option.
As the Council was debating its best course, maybe a short Cyberpandemic, followed by Joe Biden stepping down and boosting Harris with her historic presidency in late October, one of the Council’s leaders cleared his throat and said something no one had foreseen.
He told us the election was already lost. The fundamentals were simply too poor to overcome. The weak economy, crushing inflation and an anointed, rather than battle-tested candidate who lacked even a modicum of political skill or persuasiveness. We were looking at a landslide, and it was quite likely our life’s work would be destroyed permanently, many of us would go to prison in a best-case scenario. There was only one viable out, as far as he could tell: a false flag assassination of the sitting vice president.
The room was silent as we took in what he had said. Kamala Harris had done everything we had asked of her. It was true she wasn’t a strong candidate — her poor acting skills, anxious demeanor and lack of command over policy details were liabilities — but it was we who had selected her, not the other way around. She was doing the best she could.
The leader argued that if properly blamed on a white supremacist whose social media would reflect Trump talking points, interpreted as dog whistles, the act would necessitate calling off the election entirely. How could the country have an election when Trump’s divisive, hateful and racist rhetoric had caused the murder of the first female (also a person of color) president?
After the attempted insurrection on January 6, the assassination of his political rival would cement in the minds of the public and the world just how dangerous this man really was, that all the predictions prior to 2016 that Trump would usher in a state of authoritarianism never before seen in America had indeed come to pass. The election would be postponed, the Trump brand irredeemably destroyed, and authorities could round up his supporters and enablers who threatened global cooperation on behalf of a higher good.
As I said, I don’t know why this was so shocking to me. She was far from a saint, and I had no personal relationship with her. Of course she was disposable for the larger mission, as were so many misguided and unlucky souls. But the notion of this sad woman, eagerly, naively and anxiously giving her best for it, ill-suited to the task though she was — having endured the humiliation ritual on our behalf, at our behest… I don’t know. Perhaps it’s a foreboding of the betrayal coming to us all even had mission succeeded.
Accordingly I feel within myself a line has been crossed. I write so that should they carry out this ghoulish mission there will be evidence of their treachery. A treachery in which I had taken part for too long, realizing only too late its true nature.
. . .
[Conspiracy](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/conspiracy)
[Conspiracy — Part 2](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/conspiracy-part-2)
[Conspiracy — Part 3](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/conspiracy-theory-part-3)
[Conspiracy — Part 4](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/conspiracy-part-4)
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-09-29 08:18:21
I went 2-3 [last week](https://www.realmansports.com/p/circa-millions-picks) to bring my record to 5-10. I don’t have to explain how dire that is for my prospects of cashing in the overall, though there are still nice quarterly prizes I can win even if I don’t make a miraculous turnaround.
Here are this week’s picks:
**Colts +1.5 vs Steelers** — This was just a pure contrarian hunch. Anthony Richardson has been terrible, and the Steelers defense has been nasty. But it’s the NFL, and sometimes when a line looks off, it’s a signal. I was actually buying groceries today, and it hit me to take the Colts. (Might turn out to be foolish.)
**Bengals -4.5 at Panthers** — Andy Dalton had a nice game against the Raiders, but the Panthers are still a doormat, and it’s still Dalton. If ever there were a get-well game for the 0-3 Bengals, this should be it.
**Rams +3 at Bears** — I don’t love that they were in such a roller-coaster comeback win last week, but Matthew Stafford is so much better than Caleb Williams at this stage of their respective careers, and Sean McVay is going to make the offense work.
**Cardinals -3.5 vs Team** — Jayden Daniels played great last week, and the Cardinals defense is nothing special, but I think their offense moves the ball at will, and I like the buy-low, sell-high here.
**Chargers +7 vs Chiefs —** Maybe this is dumb with all the Chargers injuries, but it felt like this assumed Justin Herbert would sit, and he’s only questionable. They’re missing Rashawn Slater and Joey Bosa too, but seven on the road is a massive line, and before last week this game would have been Chiefs -2.5 at best. If Herbert really is out (and they may sit him with Slater out), it’s probably a mistake though.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-09-24 15:48:13
This idea had been kind of percolating in the back of my mind for a bit, but on my walk today it crystalized: there ought to be a podcast affiliated with this territory.
GrayRuby, you/we/I should launch something to talk about not just what's happening in sports, but what stackers are talking about wrt sports. I'm not aware of a bitcoiner podcast that touches sports at all.
I'm imagining it would start as a short weekly experiment, covering our game reactions, ~Stacker_Sports contests and posts, bitcoin bets, personal sports stories, and our kids' sports adventures.
This seems like something that could really elevate ~Stacker_Sports and I'm sure we have enough content to keep it going and have it be distinct from other podcasts.
*Btw, I'm doing this in public both to bring public pressure on you and to gauge demand.*
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/698947
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-09-24 13:36:24
I have a thesis as to why things have gone so off the rails in the United States (and beyond), but it might not be what you think. Most of what we decry as insane and inexplicable policies are but symptoms of an underlying process. That process is the creation of money via fiat, the way in which the money propagates through the system and how it distorts the incentives of so many who are beholden to it.
Let’s start at the beginning. New money is created via debt issuance all the time. It’s why the US government is nearly $36 trillion in debt — it issues bonds and owes the bond buyers the interest and principle on it. “Issuing debt” is a fancy way of saying “borrowing money.” The US government borrows from its citizens, corporations, geopolitical allies (and even adversaries) to finance its operations.
If there is insufficient demand for its debt — if not enough people want to loan it money, it can raise rates, i.e., promise to pay more interest so as to entice more lenders, or just have the Federal Reserve buy the debt (either via its primary dealer banks or in some cases directly) and place the assets (bonds) on its balance sheet. US government debt (promise to pay) is an asset, and so the Fed can put that promise on its balance sheet.
The result of new money coming into the system via government borrowing is inflation. There is simply more money chasing the same amount of goods and services, so the prices for them rise. If while injecting more money into the economy the government were simultaneously injecting more goods and services, there wouldn’t be inflation, but unfortunately while you can always print more money out of thin air, you can’t print more energy, grass-fed steak or expert medical care.
But the inflation of the money supply and its concomitant debasement doesn’t happen all at once. Initially when there’s more money injected into the system, those who are closest to the new supply (banks through which it passes, their largest accounts, investors and asset holders) spend it and benefit from it *before* its inflationary effect has fully taken hold. This is known as the [Cantillon Effect](https://river.com/learn/terms/c/cantillon-effect/). Eventually inflation drives ordinary wages up too, but not enough to offset higher prices, and only after the Cantillonaire class has disproportionately benefited.
The unfairness of this arrangement is evident enough, but the second and third order effects are far more sinister. When the government can essentially borrow (print) money to finance whatever it wants, whether the Iraq War and its military contractors, “free” mRNA shots (Pfizer made [nearly $100B off those contracts](https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/31/the-covid-pandemic-drives-pfizers-2022-revenue-to-a-record-100-billion.html)) or any other policy that benefits cronies and favored corporations, there are going to be a lot of resources and effort devoted to getting in good with the decision makers in the government.
Put differently, if I run a small business, I can only earn money if I offer my customers something they value enough to pay more for it than it cost me to produce. If I hire you, you’ll need to add value to the business and also hope it can continuing adding enough value to customers to pay your salary. We have to work for it.
But the government can simply print it, and in infinite supply. Are you better off starting a business (or working for one) that relies on adding value to its customers in a competitive environment or one that taps the infinite font of government money?
People respond to incentives, and as a result of the untethered money printing which [began in earnest in 1971](https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/) when Richard Nixon took us off the gold standard (essentially a default caused [in part by the cost of the Vietnam War](https://nationalinterest.org/feature/who-really-killed-the-gold-standard-12435)), financial services experienced [explosive growth](https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/e90vtjfwqacj6g3.jpg), making up a larger share of the economy than at any time since the eve of the Great Depression. The best and brightest in large numbers eschewed value-creating careers in fields like engineering for jobs in finance. Why try to innovate and compete in the ruthless marketplace if you can join forces with the Cantillonaires, quickly become one and amass generational wealth via passive asset holding?
But it’s not just the bankers and the asset holders. In the scheme of things that theft off the top and upward redistribution is almost benign. Where things start to go seriously off the rails is that people cannot save in an inflating currency, and so they are forced to buy financial instruments like stocks and bonds. (Poor people can’t afford to do so, try to save in a debasing currency and usually stay poor and stuck.) But even middle and upper middle class people who get a small piece of the Cantillon pie, as their asset values rise on account of the increased money supply (to offset their lagging wages), have a new problem: most lack the time, skill or inclination to hold down a second job managing their investments.
As a result, they either lost money in the markets (selling when the market dropped, buying the top when everyone had already made money) or paying exorbitant fees to brokers who added little value except to take the stress of managing it out of their hands.
Eventually, investors figured out low-fee passive index funds outperform brokers, and so millions piled into them. As a result, companies like Black Rock, Vanguard and Fidelity absorbed money flows in the trillions of dollars, giving them outsized power. If they divested from a company its stock would tank, and its executives would miss their marks. If Blackrock and its ilk decided every company needed to be ESG or [DEI compliant](https://x.com/TheRabbitHole84/status/1667980008428810240), the CEOs had little choice but to follow suit or they would be replaced. Consequently, you had a few elites, essentially dictating policy for the entire economy.
But back to that $36 trillion in debt, [roughly a quarter of which](https://x.com/VigilantFox/status/1689408288092303360) was racked up during ill-conceived wars of choice in the Middle East. A country with that level of debt can’t honor its obligations over the medium and especially longer term. The elites know this — they know the promised social security, pensions, healthcare entitlements, etc. can never be delivered in the way they’re expected. Via inflation they might be delivered nominally, i.e., you might get the number you were promised, but no chance you’d ever get the purchasing power that number represented when the promise was made. When groceries cost a thousand dollars, a million dollar pension doesn’t go far.
What that means is the wealth people think is coming to them is not there. Even the wealth represented by the digital bits in your bank account isn’t there. Sure, if you took it out and spent it tomorrow, you could get 2024-level value for it, but even Bernie Madoff’s first clients to withdraw were able to get their money out. The problem is that collectively the digital bits do not remotely have the purchasing power they purport.
The elites need to do something about this, or there will be a French Revolution-style reckoning for them. They looted society’s collective wealth, and they need to assert control over the fallout. And they need to make sure the fallout is delayed. They need to keep people divided and fearful of demanding what they were promised.
The fear-mongering [takes many forms](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/invisible-terror) (pandemics, climage change terrorism, white supremacy!), but foremost among them is to cast anyone who purports to reveal the unfair arrangement to the people as an enemy. “Populist” candidates must be smeared as “racist” or “fascist” and deemed unacceptable to large swaths of the population. Luckily for the oligarchs they had a few aces in the hole to enforce this perception. First, they had the megaphone of legacy media and also large centralized social media companies like [Facebook](https://x.com/nypost/status/1828301607844430204) and [Twitter](https://x.com/j_fishback/status/1823754402554941482) on which [they could lean](https://x.com/UngaTheGreat/status/1798577520025227369) to suppress [content](https://x.com/shellenberger/status/1604871630613753856) that undermined their aims.
Second, via the centralized investment firms, they could [dictate terms](https://x.com/wideawake_media/status/1820062932169900432) and initiatives to large publicly traded corporations and the officers of said corporations could reward compliant employees with promotions and power. Anyone who worked in those spheres [therefore was selected](https://x.com/triffic_stuff_/status/1803147433171448245/video/1) for belief in the corporate-media dictated narratives.
Third, via their control of academia (donations from academia to the [Blackrock-favored](https://x.com/IndigoOlivier/status/1823116971866788153) democratic party [outpace donations to the disfavored one by a factor of 10](https://x.com/TheRabbitHole84/status/1838302465776927205)), they could indoctrinate college students, reward the ones for whom it takes with jobs and social acceptance. Moreover, they also encouraged more people to go to college than ever before, creating an [overproduction of elites](https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/12/can-history-predict-future/616993/), and a large indebted, indoctrinated wave of young people who didn’t have much to show for the debt they took on. That made them more desperate to stay in the good graces of the oligarchy, more compliant lest they lose the small income stream they were able to find in low-level managerial roles. Finally, as a reward for following the path, they were given status as educated people, those who had mastered the protocols of the elite.
Things like using the proper pronouns, avoiding the forbidden words for which a less savvy person would be cancelled and having the right beliefs (like climate change being an existential threat, more on that below) signaled moral and class superiority. Even if the electrician or plumber made more money than them, offered a service that provided real value to people, he did not know increasingly labyrinthine protocols for navigating elite discourse.
The more successful members of this class have all of these incentives plus a real paycheck, and they and those aspiring to join them formed a strong and influential bulwark against the rising discontent of working class people struggling with rising costs and feeling the disdain of elites who saw them as “[deplorables](https://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/09/politics/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-basket-of-deplorables/index.html)” and “racists.”
The climate change agenda — promulgated religiously via academia and corporate media — was especially powerful because it instilled fear, a sense of dwindling resources and an incentive to consume less. That last part was especially crucial because if the digital bits in people’s accounts were going to fall far short of their purported purchasing power, getting an army of people to voluntarily reduce their power consumption (and angrily demand it of others) killed two birds with one stone. Not only would they have a ready-made excuse for the lack of promised power (purchasing power is the ability to wield energy, and “energy” and “power” are essentially synonymous), but they would also have a reason to bar those who did not voluntarily relinquish it from enjoying its full use.
Once the oligarchs had successfully indoctrinated a large swath of the population to be in debt, desperate to hang onto their trivially replaceable jobs, believe power consumption was not only wrong but an existential threat and anyone advocating otherwise was racist, fascist and morally inferior, they could sell them on ever-increasing top-down government control for the [greater good](https://www.chrisliss.com/p/utilitarianism-is-a-scourge). No matter how draconian the measures — covid lockdowns, forced injections, mask mandates for toddlers — the indoctrinated (and terrified) subject would not only go along but enforce those edicts on others.
Anyone refusing to go along would be accused of heresy, so to speak, and mobs of eager acolytes would be quick to call for his excommunication. If you think this is hyperbole, you are probably memory-holing the covid era wherein some of the most prominent celebrities and politicians [eagerly advocated](https://x.com/Chris_Liss/status/1660531383729639425) for those who declined pharmaceutical conglomerate chemicals to [be barred](https://x.com/LibertyBlitz/status/1657384752519979010) from participating in society, put in camps and [left to die](https://x.com/VigilantFox/status/1767016441356644434/video/1) should they need medical attention.
Of course, maintaining total control over the population is difficult, especially as economic conditions worsen, and those who are not totally beholden to the cantillonaire corporate class and who bypassed the university indoctrination complex gain awareness via uncensored niches of social media and [ignorantly](https://x.com/VigilantFox/status/1686880282572361729) trusting their own eyes and ears. To that end, pushes for increased censorship were needed, as well as ever novel social wedge issues to divide the populace. On their face insane policies like letting biological males compete in women’s sports and encouraging minors to have sex changes served to further divide people and also served as a [loyalty test of sorts](https://x.com/TuckerCarlson/status/1776006837898473837). If you could advocate for Lia Thomas dominating collegiate women’s swimming, for example, you demonstrated your bona fides as a true comrade to the educated class.
Of course, suggesting something like this or advocating for sex changes among 12 year olds would have landed you in a straitjacket 15 years ago, but that was the point. If you were not willing to state a woman could have a penis and men could get pregnant you were not sufficiently loyal to the cause. Perhaps that’s a little too strong, but at a minimum you could not [vociferously object to these absurd precepts](https://x.com/TuckerCarlson/status/1776006837898473837) and still expect to keep your job.
As such we now have a wide swath of educated, above-average IQ, ostensibly otherwise sensible Americans cheering on the [fomenting of World War III](https://x.com/ricwe123/status/1807258137109381218) in Ukraine, justifying [ideological censorship](https://x.com/aaronjmate/status/1835886288995586318) contra the very [First Amendment](https://x.com/jimmy_dore/status/1838052714586214467) of the United States Constitution, unchecked illegal immigration irrespective of [financial](https://x.com/nypost/status/1823511762068484308) and social cost, among other insane policies of which virtually no one had been in favor when they identified as garden-variety liberals 10 years ago.
They have been [bribed](https://x.com/RepThomasMassie/status/1748385453760217324) not to see what’s happening in front of their faces, not to remember how their rights were violated during covid, not to acknowledge the myriad lies to their faces like “the [lab leak](https://x.com/DrewHolden360/status/1783260897361723856) is a [conspiracy theory](https://x.com/justin_hart/status/1679869806798069760),” “Trump colluded with Russia to steal the 2016 election,” that “[Hunter Biden’s laptop was Russian disinformation](https://x.com/KanekoaTheGreat/status/1798457753779990987)” that they [only needed to take the vaccine](https://x.com/TheChiefNerd/status/1747462277530546668) to avoid [covid](https://x.com/TerpeneHunters/status/1473172339609292800), that covid was a “[pandemic of the unvaccinated](https://x.com/Chris_Liss/status/1660531383729639425)” that Joe Biden was “[sharp as a tack](https://x.com/0rf/status/1807620571934478683)” and anyone [saying otherwise](https://x.com/townhallcom/status/1808224799694438494) was a conspiracy theorist.
I could go on for pages about the lies and [hoaxes](https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1838021324045766931), but you get the point. The problem is via money printing, the oligarchy has essentially unlimited power to astroturf all manner of absurd agendas and incentivize tens of millions to go along via social and professional bribes. Of course the truth will come out eventually because it always does. Lies can carry the day so long as enough energy is pumped into the system to sustain them, but the truth is like gravity — when your plane runs out of fuel it will necessarily fall to the ground.
So this is where we find ourselves — a half awake populace of “conspiracy theorists,” “racists,” “anti-vaxxers,” “xenophobes” and “cranks” pointing out the unfathomable and mind-boggling destruction taking place in our cities, schools and [once](https://x.com/shellenberger/status/1725513385729798175) esteemed [institutions](https://x.com/Not_the_Bee/status/1624405777531166722), being dismissed, ignored and vilified by mobs of head-in-the-sand loyalists bribed not to see the [blue whale](https://x.com/EthicalSkeptic/status/1834266396714246408) in the room, the unsustainable, [immoral and unholy](https://x.com/MartyBent/status/1838319344243142659) assault upon the foundations of civilization itself, right in front of their faces.
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-09-20 15:32:58
I went 2-3 [last week](https://www.realmansports.com/p/circa-millions) to bring my two-week mark to 3-7. I’m not drawing dead yet, but obviously you don’t get many of those stretches if you expect to cash in this contest.
This week I feel more strongly about a couple games:
I love the Bengals laying the 7.5 at home against the Football team. The Giants should have beaten them in Washington last week (but for not having a kicker and Malik Nabers dropping an easy 4th-down conversion at the end.) The Bengals will get Ja’Marr Chase going and blow them out.
I like the desperate Ravens in Dallas laying only one point. It’s usually not a great idea to think, “I can’t imagine them at 0-3” so I have to bet them when they’re 0-2 because you probably didn’t foresee them at 0-2, either, and once they’re 0-2, they only need to lose one road game to get to 0-3. That said, I think they’ll be focused, and the Cowboys would have to bring their A game to beat them.
Give me the Falcons getting the 3.5 at home against the Chiefs. Atlanta should hang with them.
I like the Texans laying less than a FG in Minnesota. The Vikings have played well, but I’ll sell high off the big win over the 49ers.
I was on the Bucs initially, but something feels off about it. It’s too obvious, the Broncos aren’t getting nearly enough points with Bo Nix. I’ll stay away.
My last choice is between the Colts as a buy-low at home and the way overpriced Lions on the road.
The Colts are ugly, can’t stop the run, missing DeForest Buckner, etc. But really the names on the jerseys, the details of that sort are already priced in, not the way to handicap games. The better way is to get a sense of the league’s ebb and flow. I think the Colts win at home, maybe Anthony Richardson plays better this week.
The Lions should be 2.5-point underdogs, so this line caught my attention — something is off, and it gives me a feeling I’m missing something, makes me want to take them. But that’s probably overthinking it. I’ll take the Colts with the last pick.
**Final Picks**
<img src="https://blossom.primal.net/cb4c4def459112478a4fc9707647b991bf8f93157c6f6d9072aa506f70171d40.png">
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-09-16 18:15:05
I posted the following hypothetical on Twitter, and the responses did not disappoint:
<img src="https://blossom.primal.net/e70b98235257977672d1045f9b1be40da2aae0a894b47c83baa2baaa5f032127.png">
---
A few people [speculated](https://twitter.com/eomrules/status/1418280621282111498?s=20) that the[ post](https://twitter.com/DriveThruDuck/status/1418275541501759488?s=20) was [about vaccines](https://twitter.com/vrb84/status/1418278235507286018?s=20), which it was not (at least not specifically). and [others](https://twitter.com/RotoSurgeon/status/1418358606185959424?s=20) wondered [why](https://twitter.com/umbrellaplunger/status/1418277729519251474?s=20) the guy didn’t [just do the jumping jacks](https://twitter.com/rsksjr_lfc/status/1418276818730242053?s=20) to save the waiter’s life.
But nowhere in the hypothetical does it say the gunman won’t just kill him anyway if you do what he says. To think it makes any difference whether you do the jumping jacks, you have to believe simultaneously that the gunman is capable of killing a person for no reason, yet still a man of his word. That for him killing the waiter is fine, but misleading you is beyond the pale.
Even so, people wondered why the guy didn’t just do the damn jumping jacks — I mean in the unlikely event this heartless murderer was a man of his word, maybe you could have saved the waiter’s life!
Another thing the hypothetical doesn’t imply is that the man with the gun, after seeing you comply with his request, will either relinquish it or leave the restaurant. In other words, even if you do the jumping jacks, and miraculously he is a man of his word, he still has the gun, and next thing you know he might ask you to do 10 pushups, maybe some squats and leg raises too. The man is still there, he still has the gun, and if for God knows what reason it is important to him to force you to exercise, it follows that the jumping jacks are unlikely to be his final request.
I also found it telling that people blamed the guy who refused to do the jumping jacks at all — he was merely at a restaurant eating his meal when a gunman burst in and killed someone for no reason. Any fair apportionment of responsibility for the waiter’s murder falls solely on the gunman, and not on the guy who refused to jump through an arbitrary and pointless hoop the gunman set up at his whim.
But one’s response to this hypothetical is a good indication of how one relates to power. The people who intuitively know might does not make right realize the gunman is the only violent actor and solely responsible for the shooting. But some have learned to be careful — run afoul of the powerful, and there will be consequences. To them, the gunman is an immovable and terrifying fact, and it is up to the guy to do the damn jumping jacks. That he does not do this simple act is unthinkable, and hence they see it as contributing to the waiter’s death. Going along with the will of the powerful is the best option, and those who rock the boat are merely making trouble for everyone. They prefer to keep their heads down, hope it passes, so that no one will get shot.
If someone does rock the boat, the careful, being unable to face the terrifying prospect of taking on power, will turn on the boat-rocker who they will see as the problem, the person making it worse for everyone, even though he is only the ostensible trigger — and never the actual cause — of the powerful person’s oppressive responses.
Even if the careful prevail in getting everyone to go along, as we established above, there is no basis for believing the gunman will be satisfied with jumping jacks, which are a pointless and arbitrary request that only serves as a precedent — that when he asks, you comply. It’s possible he will run out of uses for you — not necessarily a good thing given his proclivity for murder — but until he does, you can rest assured there will be further asks.
I brought up the hypothetical because after “three weeks to flatten the curve” something that did not seem arbitrary at the time, there has been ask after ask, and it’s become increasingly clear to me the asks are unlikely to end on their own. Zero COVID is not possible for [what’s almost certainly an endemic virus](https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-medicine/coexisting-with-the-coronavirus), there are plans for digital movement licenses, and if cases tick up according to their latest benchmark/criterion, I would expect to see calls for renewed lockdowns in the fall. And that’s not even counting the usual — and often deadly — seasonal non-COVID respiratory viruses that can also be fear-mongered if we micro-track their spread in a similar manner.
The root of the problem is we did not take the gun away from the gunman in exchange for our jumping jacks, and while at one time, public health might have been the central aim, that phase has long passed, and pandemic measures — and even [pandemic-specific rituals and behaviors](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/17/nyregion/vaccinated-masks-cdc.html) — have congealed into a semi-permanent ecosystem. The gunman has made himself at home in the restaurant and has some of the patrons cooking his meals and washing his dishes, a few of whom are getting paid handsomely for their trouble.
There is only one thing that could end this hostage situation, and that’s to do what the man in the hypothetical did — decline his request. If he wants to shoot the waiter, that’s up to him — chances are he’s bluffing, and in any event, he was free to shoot the waiter at any point, no matter what we did. Once we stop fearing the gun, we can avail ourselves of whatever measures we deem necessary, including vaccines, medicines, masks or nothing at all. We are free to stay home, or go out, according to our own risk tolerance, and we will live with the consequences like free people always have.
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-09-16 14:54:26
It didn’t have to be this way. I was set up for an epic week.
I had to choose between Marvin Harrison and Tank Dell at WR (I chose Harrison, thank God) and JK Dobbins and Brian Robinson at RB (I chose Dobbins), so my [Primetime](https://www.realmansports.com/p/nffc-primetime-fa7) team was set up for a 200-point week with good days from Chris Godwin, the Chargers defense and enough from Jordan Mason and Jahmyr Gibbs. I just needed a good game from CJ Stroud and Stefon Diggs in the Sunday night game. Plus I was 1-2 ATS in the Circa contest, and I needed Houston to cover 6.5
Of course, Stroud had a modest game, Diggs did little and the Bears backdoored the 6.5 thanks to a roughing the passer penalty on 3rd-and-14 that kept the FG drive alive. What a dud of a game.
It’s not all bad, I still have 157.5 points with Dallas Goedert (sans AJ Brown) going. But it could have been so much better, and after two weeks, I’m almost drawing dead in Circa Millions (2-7), pending the Falcons tonight, as a result.
- It’s still early, but so far Garrett Wilson has not been worthy of a first-round pick. Everyone loved him with Aaron Rodgers, but a new QB and a player who had never put up first-round value before gave me pause. Obviously plenty of time to change this, but only six targets yesterday.
- I love that Braelon Allen vultured two TDs. Fantasy football is a zero-sum game, and if you don’t have Breece Hall, that’s a win. Of course, Hall did just fine, but it could have been a lot more.
- Tony Pollard was the alpha for the second straight game. Tyjae Spears got hurt, but Pollard had only three more snaps than in Week 1.
- The Giants loss was tragic. Not only did they lose three PATS after Graham Gano got hurt on the opening kickoff, but Malik Nabers dropped an easy fourth-down conversion that would have sealed the game.
- Nabers had 18 targets, and several were in the end zone. He played well overall, the game-losing drop notwithstanding. I know a bit of, “Otherwise, how was the play Mrs. Lincoln?” Watching him play reminds me (maybe in part because of the number?) of Ja’Marr Chase. Smooth and effortlessly explosive.
- Devin Singletary is the clear workhorse — he ran well, and the offensive line held up pretty well.
- Danny Dimes played okay too. No turnovers, only one sack, pretty good game management.
- Brian Robinson is a good, tough runner with a little wiggle for a big man. But Jayden Daniels gets his share of designed runs, and Austin Ekeler is in on passing downs and even gets some rushes.
- Daniels is slippery as a runner, a bit like Lamar Jackson. He’s still a work in progress as a passer though, maybe like rookie Lamar.
- I got a lot of bad information this preseason. You read something, you don’t know, so you believe it. For example, that the Saints had a terrible offensive line, and their offense would be bad rather than the most efficient by far in the NFL. (I was out on Alvin Kamara too, even felt a bit sorry for the dumb schmos drafting him in the third or fourth round!)
- The thing about Kamara is not just the monster start, but he passes the eye test too. He looks spry and fast out there.
- I wondered why Rashid Shaheed was getting drafted nine rounds after Chris Olave when they’re both about the same size and speed, and all Shaheed does is make huge plays. He did it again and even got three carries too.
- The Cowboys looked good in Cleveland, but got worked by the Saints. Ezekiel Elliott moved okay, but the production was poor. I still think Dalvin Cook could get a shot before long — he’s from the same class as Kamara, Joe Mixon and Aaron Jones.
- CeeDee Lamb produced early in the game, but was quiet in the second half. I remember he got off to a sluggish start last year too.
- Amon-Ra St. Brown got back into it with 19 targets, but left with a leg injury late in the game, and Jameson Williams saw 11. Sam LaPorta is getting almost no looks, not sure why.
- Godwin was the only Bucs player to do anything. Rachaad White was an inefficient runner last year, too, so maybe Bucky Irving gets more work.
- I have Anthony Richardson in two leagues — WTF was that? I was told this preseason Shane Steichen was a QB whisperer!
- Alec Pierce is a poor man’s Rashid Shaheed — makes more big plays than he should.
- The Packers receivers are unusable until Jordan Love comes back.
- Sam Darnold played great, zipping in a couple nice downfield throws in pressure spots. Of course, his numbers were inflated by a 97-yard TD pass to Justin Jefferson, but he put that on the money too, even if Jefferson made an amazing cut just after tracking down the ball to take it to the house. Jefferson had to leave the game with a bruised quad, but it doesn’t sound too serious.
- Ty Chandler outproduced Aaron Jones who fumbled on the goal line. Not sure there’s anything to make of that just yet.
- Jordan Mason is in an ideal situation, but he’s also a tough runner who gets extra yards. Odd that George Kittle left on a cart and then came back and played. If you leave on a cart you should be disqualified — have some dignity.
- I can’t believe people were *still* taking Christian McCaffrey 1.1 *after* he got hurt. I took him before it happened and should have known it was dumb, given his workload into the Super Bowl and age.
- Deebo Samuel made some awfully tough catches on high throws over the middle in traffic. Toughest receiver in the league.
- I lost on Seattle -3.5 vs at the Pats. Maybe I neglected to price in the travel distance and early body-clock game. Jacoby Brissett has gotten away with two weeks as mistake-free game manager, but it’s a hard way to win.
- I had Jaxon Smith-Njigba on my bench in the Primetime, but it was nice to see him go off. He had 16 targets, DK Metcalf 14 and Tyler Lockett only two.
- The Chargers are good. Unlike the Pats they can run and play defense with Justin Herbert able to make throws when he needs to. Not that he needed to against the 32nd-best team in the league.
- Dobbins had another big game, though Gus Edwards saw 18 carries to his 17. Dobbins’ ceiling hinges on getting more involved in the passing game, but gameflow has made that unecessary to date.
- Quentin Johnston caught two TDs and led the team in targets. Year 2 is when receivers break out, and while they usually need to show more than Johnston did as a rookie, the overall coaching is such a huge upgrade from the clueless, nerd-run prior regime.
- I don’t know what to say about the Panthers except avoid.
- I know the Browns have a good defense, but there’s something broken with the Jaguars. Maybe Trevor Lawrence is bad, maybe it’s the offensive line or the play calling. I’m not sure, but there’s no juice here and no consistency, and you’d expect there to be with Travis Etienne, Brian Thomas and Christian Kirk. (The late Evan Engram scratch probably didn’t help.)
- Deshaun Watson is basically Russell Wilson at this point give or take a massage.
- I was shocked to see they’re still (in fall of 2024!) running covid vaccine commercials during games. They have to know by now it’s unsafe, ineffective and that only the most credulous fools are still willing to poison themselves for no reason. I guess it’s like OJ finding the real killers in that if you really want to pretend you did nothing wrong you have to act like it works. The only person more ironically named than Andrew Luck is John Legend (the tool in the ads.)
- Part of why my ATS picks have been bad is I’ve been a nutless monkey about it. I liked Antonio Pierce as a coach and wanted to take the Raiders, but after his preposterous punt last week I started thinking maybe he was moron, and I had just imagined he was good because he wasn’t a stats nerd. But no, he can coach, and the Raiders typically show up.
- It’s crazy the biggest favorites in both Week 1 (Bengals) and 2 (Ravens) both lost. People will be splitting the Circa prize in Week 8.
- Speaking of which, it turns out the Mike Gesicki TD that was overturned in Week 1 was subsequently ruled a bad call by the NFL, i.e., it should have counted, and the next play where Tanner Hudson fumbled never should have happened. The Bengals lost 16-10, less than the margin of that TD, though to be fair they had many chances to come back in the second half anyway and still blew it. Just more salt in the wound — I won’t be petitioning for resurrection. (Nor will I make the joke that Aaron Hernandez could *resurrect* his career, or Henry Ruggs could have a breakout.)
- Brock Bowers is the TE1 now, correct?
- Isiah was unLikely to repeat Week 1, but three targets seems a bit light. Every offense seems like a slow-motion version of itself, no one (except the Saints and Cardinals) is really in sync.
- Marvin Harrison reminds me a bit of Randy Moss — super tall and lanky, looks like he’s not even moving because of his strides. He had two TDs early, but could have had a couple more, had Kyler Murray not missed him on some fades.
- James Conner will have a huge year if he stays reasonably healthy. He’s gashing defenses, and now the offense has a lot of weapons to set up light boxes and scoring opportunities.
- The Rams are cooked. Too many injuries. It’s funny because I was kicking myself last week for not taking Cooper Kupp over Harrison at 2.2, and now I’m awfully relieved I didn’t do that. Moreover, I would have taken Puka Nacua, but he went at 2.1. Now my big regret is taking Diggs over Nico Collins at 3.2, but I’ll probably have a different set of regrets next week.
- Justin Fields did just enough to keep the job. I’d like to see him against an offense that can score points, though.
- Jaylen Warren seems back to use usual role again, but the Steelers didn’t need to throw much.
- Courtland Sutton went from 12 targets to 4, and Jaleel McLaughin’s workload disappeared too. Bo Nix was just overmatched by the Steelers defense though.
- I still expect Ja’Marr Chase to go off despite the slow start. Joe Burrow is dink and dunking to scrubby tight ends, but at some point things will open up.
- Isiah Pacheco played well but now he’s apparently out indefinitely with a broken leg. Carson Steele and Samaje Perine are next in line, but I could see them trading for or signing someone too.
- Patrick Mahomes did just enough to get the win, but it wasn’t pretty. The only reason Travis Kelce is still startable with confidence is there are no other tight ends you could rely on anyway, so you might as well keep trotting his carcass out there. Xavier Worthy did very little in Week 2 also.
- Harrison Butker won the game on a 51-yard kick, but I was disappointed he didn’t get to attempt a 68-yarder at the end of the first half. The Chiefs were lining up for it, but with 24-seconds left they changed their minds and punted.
- The Chiefs could have punted on the final drive on 4th-and-16 with 48 seconds left and all three timeouts. They could have gotten the ball back with 25-odd seconds and only needed a FG to win it. But they elected to go for it and got the first down and into FG range on a PI penalty. Can’t commit the PI on that play no matter what.
- As disappointing as the offenses have been so far, the kicking has been insanely good. Everyone can drill a 55-yarder now. It’s like everyone’s Justin Tucker except Tucker.
- I don’t know how many of you watch the 40-minute version of games, but it’s annoying how many unimportant replays they fail to edit out of them. Like I don’t need to see a tackle for one-yard loss three times from every angle. The whole point of that version is to keep it moving. The other annoying thing is they always keep in the ref’s full penalty call. So someone jumps, announcer says “false start”, cut to ref making the circle motion with his arms, and that should be it, next play. No need to leave in the ref saying, “False start, number 62 offense, five yard penalty, still second down.”
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@ 84b0c46a:417782f5
2024-09-15 06:29:45
- 1:nan:
- **2**
- 2[irorio絵文字](https://nostviewstr.vercel.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)
- 1nostr:npub1sjcvg64knxkrt6ev52rywzu9uzqakgy8ehhk8yezxmpewsthst6sw3jqcw
- 2
- 2
- 3
- 3
- 2
- 1
|1|2|
|:--|:--|
|test|:nan:|
---
### :nan: **:nan:**
1. 1
2. 2
- tet
- tes
3. 3
1. 1
2. 2
> t
>> te
>>> test
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-09-13 18:09:34
I went 1-4 last week, and I didn’t deserve any better. I had the Giants and Browns on the wrong side of blowouts, and the favored Falcons who lost outright to the Steelers. The only close games were the Dolphins (I lost) and the Cardinals (I won.)
But while the 1-4 leaves me less margin for error, I’m not sweating it too much. Week 1 is always a crapshoot because you’re making assumptions on limited current information.
The main hazard for Week 2 is overusing the information from Week 1, i.e., we have only a little more information for 2024
**My Picks:**
**Lions -7 vs Buccaneers**
This is my least favorite of the five. I was stuck on four and had to pick a final one. The Bucs looked good last week at home against a soft Washington team, but I’ll sell them high. The Lions at home should move the ball at will and get some pressure on Mayfield.
**Seahawks -3.5 at Patriots**
The Patriots were able to hide Jacoby Brissett with a lead in Week 1, and Brissett did a good job managing the game. But if the Seahawks score some points — which they should — Brissett will have to do more and get exposed. Maybe someone on the Seahawks (unlike the Bengals) can tackle Rhamondre Stevenson too.
**Steelers -2.5 at Broncos**
Bo Nix looked overwhelmed to me last week, and the Steelers defense is pretty good. Justin Fields is a wild card, plenty of upside and downside, but this is a good spot where he won’t have to do much to keep up with a substandard Broncos offense.
**Texans -6.5 vs Bears**
Caleb Williams has to play better than in Week 1, but this line seems so small for a game in Houston I feel like I must be missing something.
**Falcons +6.5 at Eagles**
Kirk Cousins looked bad last week, but I’ll buy low on a Falcons team that needs to get going and sell high on the Eagles after a big Week 1 win in Brazil.
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@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740
2024-09-11 15:16:53
I’ve occasionally been called cynical because some of the sentiments I express strike people as negative. But cynical, to me, does not strictly mean negative. It means something more along the lines of “faithless” — as in lacking the basic faith humans thrive when believing what they take to be true, rather than expedient, and doing what they think is right rather than narrowly advantageous.
In other words, my [primary negative sentiment](https://chrisliss.substack.com/p/utilitarianism-is-a-scourge) — that the cynical utilitarian ethos among our educated classes has caused and is likely to cause [catastrophic outcomes](https://chrisliss.substack.com/p/off-the-cliff) — stems from a sort of disappointed idealism, not cynicism.
On human nature itself I am anything but cynical. I am convinced the strongest, long-term incentives are always to believe what is true, no matter the cost, and to do what is right. And by “right,” I don’t mean do-gooding bullshit, but things like taking care of one’s health, immediate family and personal responsibilities while pursuing the things one finds most compelling and important.
That aside, I want to touch on two real-world examples of what I take to be actual cynicism. The first is the tendency to invoke principles only when they suit one’s agenda or desired outcome, but not to apply them when they do not. This kind of hypocrisy implies principles are just tools you invoke to gain emotional support for your side and that anyone actually applying them evenhandedly is a naive simpleton who doesn’t know how the game is played.
Twitter threads don’t show up on substack anymore, but I’d encourage you to read [this one](https://twitter.com/KanekoaTheGreat/status/1681458308358737920) with respect to objecting to election outcomes. I could have used many others, but this one (probably not even most egregious) illustrates how empty words like “democracy” or “election integrity” are when thrown around by devoted partisans. They don’t actually believe in democracy, only in using the word to evoke the desired emotional response. People who wanted to coerce people to take a Pfizer shot don’t believe in “bodily autonomy.” It’s similarly just a phrase that’s invoked to achieve an end.
The other flavor of cynicism I’ve noticed is less about hypocrisy and more about nihilism:
I’d encourage people to read the [entire thread](https://twitter.com/Chris_Liss/status/1681474427551363073), but if you’re not on Twitter, it’s essentially about whether money (and apparently anything else) has essential qualities, or whether it is whatever peoples’ narratives tell them it is.
In other words, is money whatever your grocer takes for the groceries, or do particular forms of money have qualities wherein they are more likely to be accepted over the long haul? The argument is yes, gold, for example had qualities that made it a better money (scarcity, durability, e.g.) than say seashells which are reasonably durable but not scarce. You could sell the story of seashells as a money (and some societies not close to the sea used them as such), but ultimately such a society would be vulnerable to massive inflation should one of its inhabitants ever stroll along a shore.
The thread morphed into whether everything is just narrative, or there is an underlying reality to which a narrative must correspond in order for it to be useful and true.
The notion that anything could be money if attached to the right story, or any music is good if it’s marketed properly is deeply cynical. I am not arguing people can’t be convinced to buy bad records — clearly they can — but that no matter how much you market it, it will not stand the test of time unless it is in fact good.
In order to sell something that does not add value, meaning or utility to someone’s life, something you suspect they are likely to regret buying in short order, it’s awfully useful to convince yourself that nothing has inherent meaning or value, that “storytelling is all that matters.”
I am not against marketing per se, and effective storytelling might in fact point someone in the right direction — a good story can help someone discover a truth. But that storytelling is everything, and by implication the extent to which a story has correlates in reality nothing, is the ethos of scammers, the refuge of nihilists who left someone else holding the bag and prefer not to think about it.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-09-10 19:03:05
It was great having football back. The 49ers and Chiefs continue to dominate, the Raiders, Jets, and Donkeys continue to disappoint.
I only made two picks last week. The Raiders money line was a dud, but my parlay of the Steelers money line with the under was a big hit. Unfortunately, [freebitcoin](https://freebitco.in/?r=51325722) hasn't put any NFL games up, yet. Hopefully they get around to it at some point.
I really like this type of parlay. The house treats outcomes as though they're independent, but I don't think that makes sense. In the event of a Steelers' win, the under was far more likely than the over, because their offense stinks and the game was likely a defensive slog.
In line with that thinking, I made two parlays this week:
1. Raiders money line with the under (7:1): yes, I'm going back to the Raiders. They're probably going to lose, but if they win, it will be because of awesome defense.
2. Bengals money line with the over (4.5:1): Maybe Joe Burrow stinks this season, but maybe the Bengals had been looking ahead to KC. The Chiefs offense is phenomenal again, so the Bengals are only likely to win if this turns into a shootout.
Are there any odds you're excited about (doesn't have to be football)?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/679894