@ 502ab02a:a2860397

AGEs กับการทอด เกิดขึ้นได้ไม่ว่าจะใช้ไขมันอะไร

ก่อนจะทำความรู้จักน้ำมันตัวต่อไป พอดีหลายคนมีคำถามว่า เมื่อเราต้องทอดอาหาร ควรใช้น้ำมันอะไรถึงจะดีต่อสุขภาพ? เป็นคำถามที่ตอบยาก เพราะแม้จะเลือกใช้น้ำมันที่ดูเหมาะสมที่สุด แต่สิ่งที่ควรพิจารณามากกว่าคือ กระบวนการปรุงอาหาร โดยเฉพาะการทอดที่มีการใช้ความร้อนสูง ซึ่งไม่ว่าคุณจะใช้น้ำมันอะไร, ไขมันสัตว์หรือไขมันพืช, ก็สามารถทำให้เกิดสารพิษที่เรียกว่า AGEs (Advanced Glycation End Products) ได้ทั้งนั้น กระบวนการทอดที่อุณหภูมิสูงเป็นตัวการสำคัญที่กระตุ้นการเกิดสารนี้ ซึ่งมีผลเสียต่อสุขภาพมากกว่าการเลือกใช้น้ำมันประเภทใด ดังนั้น สิ่งที่เราควรระวังมากที่สุดคือวิธีการปรุงอาหาร ซึ่งหลายคนยังเข้าใจผิดว่าการเลือกน้ำมันจะเป็นตัวตัดสินความดีหรือไม่ดีต่อสุขภาพ ทั้งที่จริงๆ แล้วกระบวนการปรุงอาหารต่างหากที่สำคัญกว่าอย่างมาก

และถ้าต้องตอบว่าน้ำมันอะไรดี มันก็จะแค่บอกได้ว่า ปาล์ม กับ มะพร้าว ซึ่งมันจะช่วยได้แค่การลดโอกาสการเกิดออกซิเดชั่น และคุณสมบัติตามโพรไฟล์การรับความร้อนได้ มันก็เป็นแค่น้ำมันที่ทนความร้อนได้ดีกว่าใครเขา

แต่มันไม่ได้ตอบคำถามที่มีคำว่า "ดีต่อสุขภาพ" ด้วยนะสิครับ เพราะอะไร? ผมพยายามเขียนแบบเล่าสู่กันอ่านนะครับ ให้เข้าใจง่ายๆไม่วิชากงวิชาการมากนัก

ในโลกของการปรุงอาหาร, การทอดถือเป็นหนึ่งในวิธีการทำอาหารที่ได้รับความนิยมสูง เพราะมันง่ายและรวดเร็ว แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม, การทอดที่อุณหภูมิสูงนั้นอาจเป็นสาเหตุที่ทำให้เกิดสารพิษชนิดหนึ่งที่เรียกว่า AGEs (Advanced Glycation End Products) ซึ่งมีผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพในระยะยาว ไม่ว่าเราจะใช้ ไขมันสัตว์ หรือ น้ำมันพืช ก็สามารถเกิด AGEs ได้ทั้งนั้น ถ้าหากการทอดเกิดขึ้นที่อุณหภูมิสูงอย่างต่อเนื่อง

AGEs คืออะไร? AGEs คือ สารพิษที่เกิดจากการปฏิกิริยาระหว่าง น้ำตาล (เช่น กลูโคส หรือ ฟรุกโตส) และ โปรตีน หรือ ไขมัน ในอาหาร เมื่อเราเตรียมอาหารในอุณหภูมิสูง ซึ่งปฏิกิริยานี้สามารถเกิดขึ้นได้กับ ทุกชนิดของไขมัน ไม่ว่าจะเป็น ไขมันสัตว์ หรือ น้ำมันพืช ซึ่งอาจส่งผลเสียต่อสุขภาพของเราได้หากได้รับเข้าไปในปริมาณมาก

การทอดและการเกิด AGEs การทอดอาหารที่มีอุณหภูมิสูง เช่น การทอดหมูชุบแป้ง หรืออาหารที่ใช้ น้ำมันพืช เช่น น้ำมันถั่วเหลือง, น้ำมันข้าวโพด หรือ ไขมันสัตว์ เช่น น้ำมันหมู แม้ว่าเราไม่ได้เติมน้ำตาลลงไปในขั้นตอนการเตรียมอาหาร แต่ น้ำตาลธรรมชาติ ที่มีอยู่ในอาหาร เช่น คาร์โบไฮเดรตจากแป้ง, ข้าว, หรือแม้แต่ในเนื้อสัตว์ก็สามารถทำปฏิกิริยากับ กรดอะมิโน (ในโปรตีน) และ ไขมัน (ในเนื้อสัตว์หรืออาหาร) ที่มีอยู่ในอาหารได้ และที่สำคัญคือการทำอาหารที่มีอุณหภูมิสูงจะเพิ่มโอกาสในการเกิดปฏิกิริยานี้

การทอดอาหารด้วยอุณหภูมิสูง (ประมาณ 180 องศาเซลเซียสหรือสูงกว่า) จะทำให้ น้ำตาลธรรมชาติ ในอาหารทำปฏิกิริยากับกรดอะมิโน (จากโปรตีน) หรือกรดไขมัน (จากไขมันในอาหาร) ก่อให้เกิดสาร AGEs ซึ่งเป็น สารพิษ ที่ไม่เพียงแต่ทำให้เกิด การเกิดสารออกซิเดชั่น แต่ยังสามารถทำลายเซลล์ในร่างกาย, เพิ่มความเสี่ยงของการเกิดโรคเรื้อรัง, และทำให้กระบวนการชราภาพของร่างกายเร็วขึ้น

AGEs เกิดได้จากทุกชนิดไขมัน ไม่เพียงแต่ น้ำมันพืช ที่เป็นปัญหาหรือไขมันจากสัตว์ที่ต้องระวัง แต่ AGEs สามารถเกิดได้จากการทอดทุกประเภทไขมันทั้งจากพืชและสัตว์ เพราะ การทอดด้วยความร้อนสูง เป็นปัจจัยหลักที่ทำให้เกิดปฏิกิริยา Maillard reaction (ปฏิกิริยาระหว่างน้ำตาลและโปรตีนหรือไขมัน) ซึ่งเป็นกระบวนการที่สร้างสาร AGEs ดังนั้นไม่ว่าจะเลือกใช้น้ำมันพืชหรือน้ำมันหมูในการทอด ก็ยังสามารถเกิด AGEs ได้

การอบขนมและ AGEs นอกจากนี้การอบขนมที่ใช้ความร้อนประมาณ 180 องศาเซลเซียส (เช่นเดียวกับการทอด) ก็สามารถก่อให้เกิด AGEs ได้เช่นกัน การอบขนมและการปรุงอาหารในอุณหภูมิสูงจึงเป็นปัจจัยที่ส่งผลให้เกิดสารพิษนี้ได้เช่นกัน โดยเฉพาะเมื่อมีส่วนผสมของน้ำตาลธรรมชาติและโปรตีนจากแป้งหรือไขมันในอาหาร การใช้ความร้อนในการอบจึงไม่ต่างจากการทอดเท่าไรในการกระตุ้นการเกิด AGEs

AGEs กับสุขภาพ AGEs ไม่เพียงแต่มีผลเสียในแง่ของการทำให้ร่างกายแก่ก่อนวัย แต่ยังเชื่อมโยงกับโรคเรื้อรังหลายชนิด เช่น โรคเบาหวาน, โรคหัวใจ, โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง และโรคความจำเสื่อม การรับประทานอาหารที่มี AGEs สูงในระยะยาวอาจทำให้การทำงานของเซลล์ในร่างกายลดลง และเพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดโรคต่างๆ ดังนั้นการควบคุมอุณหภูมิในการปรุงอาหาร และการเลือกใช้ไขมันที่เหมาะสมจึงเป็นสิ่งสำคัญในการลดการเกิด AGEs

สรุปแบบสั้นๆให้นะครับว่า การทอดอาหารด้วยอุณหภูมิสูง ไม่ว่าจะใช้น้ำมันพืชหรือไขมันสัตว์ ก็สามารถเกิด AGEs ได้ หากไม่ระมัดระวังในการปรุงอาหาร การเลือกใช้อุณหภูมิที่เหมาะสมในการปรุงอาหารและการเลือกวัตถุดิบที่มีคุณภาพสูงจึงเป็นกุญแจสำคัญในการลดการสะสมของ AGEs ในร่างกาย และช่วยให้เรามีสุขภาพที่ดีในระยะยาว

การรับประทานอาหารที่ปรุงด้วยความร้อนสูงบ่อยๆ นอกจากจะทำให้ร่างกายแก่เร็วขึ้นแล้ว ยังสามารถเพิ่มความเสี่ยงของการเกิดโรคต่างๆ ได้ ดังนั้นเราควรพิจารณาและเลือกวิธีการปรุงอาหารที่เหมาะสมเพื่อลดความเสี่ยงจาก AGEs และดูแลสุขภาพของเราให้ดีในระยะยาวครับ

ทั้งหมดที่เล่ามา ไม่ได้เขียนขึ้นเพื่อทำให้ใครต้องกลัวอาหาร หรือรู้สึกผิดเวลาหยิบของทอดเข้าปาก แต่เพื่อชวนกันมองให้ลึกว่า เราไม่ได้ควรถามแค่ว่า ‘ใช้น้ำมันอะไรดี’ แต่ควรถามต่อว่า ‘เราปรุงยังไง ใช้อุณหภูมิเท่าไร และกินแบบไหนในชีวิตจริง’ ต่างหาก การมีความรู้เรื่อง AGEs ไม่ได้แปลว่าเราต้องตัดทุกอย่างที่เคยชอบออกจากชีวิต แต่เป็นการมีแว่นขยายไว้ส่องดูว่า อะไรที่ควรเบาลง อะไรที่ควรปรับ แล้วใช้มันอย่างรู้เท่าทัน เพราะสุดท้ายแล้ว สุขภาพที่ดี ไม่ได้มาจากการห้ามทุกอย่าง แต่มาจากความเข้าใจในสิ่งที่เรากินต่างหากครับ

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #ฉลาก3รู้

@ 1f9e547c:8af216ed

Opinion about Bitcoin Core (desktop)

From Hebasto Twitter

Fellow Bitcoin Core Guix builders,

Heads up! If you're using the Ubuntu guix package, avoid upgrading to Ubuntu 24.04 as it breaks your Guix setup.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/guix/+bug/2064115

WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion

Join the conversation!

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เวทีอุตสาหกรรมตัดต่อพันธุกรรมระดับโลก ที่กำลังจะเปลี่ยนอาหารทั้งระบบให้เป็นของบริษัทต่างๆ "Precision Fermentation" ซึ่งฟังดูเหมือนคล้ายการทำโยเกิร์ตหรือเบียร์ใช่มะ แต่ความจริงมันคือ การออกแบบชีวิตใหม่เพื่อขายเป็นอาหารครับ

เรามาเรียกชื่อตอนนี้ให้เท่ๆว่า Precision Fermentation จากถังหมัก สู่กับดักพันธุกรรม

Precision Fermentation (PF) ต่อจากนี้ไปอยากให้จำคำนี้ไว้ให้ดีๆ อ่านข่าวอาหารอะไรคอยดูว่ามีคำนี้ไหม มันคือการใช้ จุลินทรีย์ที่ถูกดัดแปลงพันธุกรรม (GMO yeast, bacteria, fungi) เพื่อผลิต “สารอาหาร” เช่น โปรตีนจากนม ไข่ขาว ไขมันสัตว์ เจลาติน วิตามิน โดยไม่ต้องมีสัตว์จริงอยู่ในระบบเลยสัก ใช้ตัวจุดขายว่า “อาหารแห่งอนาคตที่ปลอดสัตว์ เป็นมิตรกับโลก”

แต่เบื้องหลังมันคือ... ระบบปิดที่บริษัทเดียวควบคุมตั้งแต่สายพันธุ์จุลินทรีย์ เครื่องจักร ไปจนถึงสิทธิบัตรของอาหารทุกชิ้น

เป็นการหมักชีวิตให้กลายเป็นกรรมสิทธิ์ ในระบบ PF นักวิจัยจะเลือก DNA จากสัตว์ เช่น เคซีน (โปรตีนนมวัว) อัลบูมิน (โปรตีนไข่) ฮีม (กลิ่นเลือดในเนื้อวัว) แล้วเอาไปใส่ไว้ในยีสต์หรือจุลินทรีย์ เพื่อให้มัน "หมัก" ผลิตสารเหล่านี้ออกมาในถังขนาดใหญ่

ฟังดูน่าสนใจใช่ไหมครับ? แต่ DNA เหล่านั้นจะถูกจดสิทธิบัตรทันที และจุลินทรีย์เหล่านั้นก็จะถูกควบคุมโดยบริษัทไม่กี่รายเท่านั้น หมายความว่า โปรตีนจากไข่ นม หรือเนื้อ จะกลายเป็น “กรรมสิทธิ์ของบริษัท” ไม่ใช่ของธรรมชาติอีกต่อไป

บริษัทไหนบ้างที่เล่นเกมนี้ เรามาลองดูตัวอย่างกันครับ Perfect Day – ผลิตโปรตีนนมด้วยยีสต์ GMO The EVERY Company – ไข่ขาวจากเชื้อรา Clara Foods – โปรตีนจากไข่ด้วย PF Motif FoodWorks – กลิ่นเนื้อและไขมันจาก PF Impossible Foods – ฮีม (heme) จากถั่วเหลือง GMO ที่หมักด้วยยีสต์ดัดแปลง และที่สำคัญเหมือนเดิมครับเบื้องหลังคือเงินทุนจาก SoftBank, Bill Gates, Google Ventures และบริษัทอาหารระดับโลก เช่น Nestlé, Tyson Foods, Unilever

คำถามก็คือมันคืออาหารหรือเคมี เพราะสิ่งที่ได้จาก PF มักมีสถานะก้ำกึ่งระหว่างอาหารกับสารเคมี นอกจากนี้ยังมีงานวิจัยน้อยมากเรื่องผลกระทบต่อร่างกายระยะยาว ไม่ผ่านการพิสูจน์ในระบบย่อยอาหารมนุษย์อย่างชัดเจน หลายชนิดไม่บอกบนฉลากว่าได้จาก GMO fermentation หรือไม่ และบางบริษัทจงใจเรียกของตัวเองว่า “non-animal” เพื่อเลี่ยงการเปิดเผยว่าเป็น GMO

แต่สิ่งที่คาดว่าน่าจะเกิดขึ้นแน่ๆคือ 1.การครอบครองพันธุกรรมของสิ่งมีชีวิต ทุกยีสต์หรือจุลินทรีย์ในระบบ PF ถูก “จดสิทธิบัตร” ทั้งหมด ใครเลียนแบบ โดนฟ้อง ใครผลิตเองโดยไม่ได้รับอนุญาต โดนปิดกิจการ 2.การขับไล่เกษตรกรออกจากระบบอาหาร ไม่ต้องรีดนม ไม่ต้องเก็บไข่ ไม่ต้องเลี้ยงสัตว์ บริษัทไม่ต้องพึ่งเกษตรกรเลย แล้วใครจะอยู่รอดในระบบนี้? 3.การกำหนดราคาโดยผูกขาด PF ทำให้บริษัทมีอำนาจควบคุมแหล่งโปรตีน ถ้าบริษัทไม่ขาย หรือขายแพง ก็ไม่มีใครมีอำนาจต่อรอง 4.การขาดเสรีภาพในการเลือกอาหาร ถ้าของจริงถูกลดบทบาท และของเทียมถูกยัดใส่ผลิตภัณฑ์ทั่วไปแบบไม่ระบุฉลาก คนจะถูกหลอกว่า "กินอาหาร" ทั้งที่จริงๆ กำลังกินผลิตภัณฑ์ชีววิศวกรรมที่ไม่มีใครรู้แน่ชัดว่าปลอดภัยจริงไหม

หากอาหารของโลกต้องผ่านถังหมัก ผ่านโรงงาน ผ่านระบบสิทธิบัตร และต้องขอใบอนุญาตจากบริษัทยักษ์ทุกครั้งที่ผลิต โลกเราจะเหลือ “อาหารจากธรรมชาติ” แค่ในนิทานพื้นบ้าน อาหารที่ปู่ย่าตายายเคยปลูก เคยเลี้ยง เคยกิน อาจกลายเป็นของผิดกฎหมายในโลกอนาคต เพราะ ของที่ไม่ผ่านระบบ PF จะถูกตีตราว่า “ไม่สะอาด” หรือ “ไม่ยั่งยืน”

สิ่งที่ต้องรอดูต่อไปคือ เกมส์การโจมตีอาหาร real food จะมาในรูปแบบใดบ้าง ความสะอาด โรค หรือ การกีดกัน

เอาเป็นว่าถ้าคุณคิดว่ามันอีกยาวไกล ลองค้นคว้าดูไหมครับว่า นมโอ้ต ผลิตมาอย่างไร 5555

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ 7b3f7803:8912e968

As we enter Holy Week, we are confronted with a world steeped in sin, strife, conflict, and mortality. There exists a peculiar fascination among some with societal decline, as if they derive satisfaction from witnessing civilization’s unraveling. This attraction to darkness may reflect their inner turmoil, a desire to see others share in their suffering. Alternatively, it could stem from a profound hopelessness, a belief that life lacks purpose, leading them to wish for its end. The allure of dystopian futures is, indeed, a curious phenomenon.

Alexander Hamilton once yearned for war as a means to elevate his status, a reflection of youthful ambition for decisive action. Such a desire—to distinguish oneself and ascend the social hierarchy—underlies some of the grim visions of the future propagated by certain ideological circles. Their aim is not war itself but a reconfiguration of power, placing authority in the hands of those who affirm their values. For years, such individuals have held sway, yet their influence appears to be waning.

In the absence of hope, many embrace visions of decline. This despair is characteristic of a faltering empire, signaling the end of an era. The younger generation, burdened by weariness, falters under the weight of their circumstances. They lack hope for a brighter future and see no clear path out of life’s monotony. In a word, they are trapped, uncertain of how to proceed.

We witnessed a similar sentiment during the Arab Spring, where upheaval was celebrated as a longed-for revolution, a societal reset. The assassination of a prominent corporate executive, such as the CEO of United Health, evokes a comparable yearning for disruption. There is a desire for a cultural transformation, though its precise nature remains elusive.

Yet, the youth find themselves dominated by the very elites whose rhetoric they echo. Unlike the 1960s, when generational values clashed overtly, today’s power structures co-opt the language of the young, redirecting their frustration toward populist movements. This inversion is a cunning strategy, mitigating the potential for significant rebellion.

The reality remains that the older generation holds the wealth, power, and authority, while the young are consistently marginalized. They are the ones left with little hope, ensnared by the system. However, a quiet rebellion is emerging—one rooted in hope and faith. Many are beginning to see through the falsehoods propagated by those in power. The promises of governmental provision, once alluring, now appear untenable in light of fiscal realities. The youth seek a new source of hope, a renewed perspective. Thankfully, they are beginning to find it, turning toward faith as a foundation for a more optimistic future.

@ df478568:2a951e67

I created a GitHub repository at https://github.com/Marc26z/ZapShirts. Here is a copy of the README.md

ZapShirts

This is an idea I have to make t-shirts that are also bitcoin point-of-sale terminals.

Create T-Shirt Point-Of-Sale

The idea is to create a bitcoin point of sale on a T-shirt. You can use it to sell stickers at a conference or have a friend pay you back for dinner. It is only limited by your imagination.

Why Would Anybody Need A ZapShirt?

I no longer "orange pill" local businesses. I do not care if they wish to accept bitcoin, but I want to be the change in the world I want to see. I will accept bitcoin on a T-Shirt to show others how easy it is to accept bitcoin as a p2p electronic cash system. Anyone can accept bitcoin as payment if they want to. You could print a sign on a piece of paper if you wanted to. The problem was, nobody I asked wanted a sign, even bitcoiners. So I asked myself...Self, what if you did the opposite? What if the customer accepted bitcoin, but the business owner did not.

I also thought it would be pretty cool T-Shirt to wear at meet-ups.

How To Make Your Own Zap Shirt

1. Create a QR code that sends you to your coinos page, getalby page, strike or whatever you feel comfortable using. This can easily be done at https://libreqr.com/
2. Use a program like gimp to replace the default QR Code with your own QR code on the file.
3. Create the shirt.

To support this please zap me or buy one from my store.

Can I Buy A Zap Shirt?

Yes. If you would like a shirt, hit me up on nostr

https://primal.net/marc

end README.md

I like the idea of open sourcing my ideas and trying to sell them for sats on the Internet. I am currently working on a site to sell things like this and my gift cards. I feel a little uneasy because I haven't been writing much, but I've been building. The idea is to create bitcoin educational products and services. Onward.

@ 9063ef6b:fd1e9a09

This is my second article. I find the idea of using a user friendly 2FA-style code on a secondary device really fascinating.

I have to admit, I don’t fully grasp all the technical details behind it—but nonetheless, I wanted to share the idea as it came to mind. Maybe it is technical nonsense...

So here it is—feel free to tear the idea apart and challenge it! :)

Idea

This Article describes method for passphrase validation and wallet access control in Bitcoin software wallets using a block-based Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) mechanism. Unlike traditional TOTP systems, this approach leverages blockchain data—specifically, Bitcoin block height and block hash—combined with a securely stored secret to derive a dynamic 6-digit validation code. The system enables user-friendly, secure access to a wallet without directly exposing or requiring the user to memorize a fixed passphrase.

1. Introduction

Secure access to Bitcoin wallets often involves a mnemonic seed and an optional passphrase. However, passphrases can be difficult for users to manage securely. This paper introduces a system where a passphrase is encrypted locally and can only be decrypted upon validation of a 6-digit code generated from blockchain metadata. A mobile app, acting as a secure TOTP generator, supplies the user with this code.

2. System Components

2.1 Fixed Passphrase

A strong, high-entropy passphrase is generated once during wallet creation. It is never exposed to the user but is instead encrypted and stored locally on the desktop system (eg. bitbox02 - sparrow wallet).

2.2 Mobile App

The mobile app securely stores the shared secret (passphrase) and generates a 6-digit code using: - The current Bitcoin block height - The corresponding block hash - A fixed internal secret (stored in Secure Enclave or Android Keystore)

Offline App - current block_hash and block_height scanned with qr code.6-digit code generation after scanning the information.

2.3 Decryption and Validation

On the desktop (e.g. in Sparrow Wallet or wrapper script), the user inputs the 6-digit code. The software fetches current block data (block_height, block_hash), recreates the decryption key using the same HMAC derivation as the mobile app, and decrypts the locally stored passphrase. If successful, the wallet is unlocked.

3. Workflow

1. Wallet is created with a strong passphrase.
2. Passphrase is encrypted using a key derived from the initial block hash + block height + secret.
3. User installs mobile app and shares the fixed secret securely.
4. On wallet access:
5. User retrieves current code from the app.
6. Enters it into Sparrow or a CLI prompt.
7. Wallet software reconstructs the key, decrypts the passphrase.
8. If valid, the wallet is opened.

4. Security Properties

• Two-Factor Protection: Combines device possession and blockchain-derived time-based data.
• Replay Resistance: Codes change with every block (~10 min cycle).
• Minimal Attack Surface: Passphrase never typed or copied.
• Hardware-Backed Secrets: Mobile app secret stored in non-exportable secure hardware.

5. Future Work

• Direct integration into Bitcoin wallet GUIs (e.g. Sparrow plugin)
• QR-based sync between mobile and desktop
• Support for multiple wallets or contexts

6. Conclusion

This approach provides a balance between security and usability for Bitcoin wallet users by abstracting away fixed passphrases and leveraging the immutability and regularity of the Bitcoin blockchain. It is a highly adaptable concept for enterprise or personal use cases seeking to improve wallet access security without introducing user friction.

@ 4c96d763:80c3ee30

Changes

William Casarin (26):

• dave: reorganize ModelConfig
• dave: organize
• dave: remove old file
• dave: add a few tool docs
• dave: update to custom filters nostrdb
• dave: only search non-replies
• context: implement note broadcasting
• multicast: broadcast context
• dave: fix bugs
• chrome: fix wallet button
• previews: disable for now
• ui: add some margin to chrome sidebar
• columns: remove thread warning
• nostrdb: fix on windows
• dave: tweak prompt
• misc: driveby fixes
• refactor: move input buttons ui into its own fn
• refactor: extract input_ui into its own function
• dave: refactor a bit
• post: fix bug where send shortcut send unfocused inputs
• dave: give up on plaintext formatting
• dave: fix input box
• log: silence gif log
• refactor: nevernest get_display_name
• refactor: ocd unnecessary pass by value
• ui: move note and profile rendering to notedeck_ui

kernelkind (4):

• Fix flaky test_zap_event
• move error out of AnyZapState
• introduce ImagePulseTint
• pulse pending zap button

pushed to notedeck:refs/heads/master

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Kraków is one of Europe’s most beautiful and historically rich cities. With its medieval charm, vibrant squares, haunting WWII history, and buzzing student life, Kraków effortlessly blends past and present. It’s the kind of place where you can walk cobblestone streets in the morning, sip craft cocktails by evening, and dive into centuries of culture in between.

🏰 Top Things to Do in Kraków

🏙️ Old Town (Stare Miasto)

• A UNESCO World Heritage Site full of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture
• Wander through the Main Market Square (Rynek Główny)—Europe’s largest medieval square
• Visit the Cloth Hall (Sukiennice) for local crafts and the St. Mary’s Basilica, where a trumpeter plays every hour from the tower

🏰 Wawel Castle

• Iconic royal residence on a hill overlooking the Vistula River
• Explore the Royal Apartments, cathedral, and the Dragon’s Den cave (legend says a dragon once lived there!)

🕍 Kazimierz (Jewish Quarter)

• A vibrant area packed with synagogues, street art, and hip cafes
• Once the heart of Jewish life, it’s now a lively cultural hub—especially great for food, bars, and vintage shops
• Don’t miss Plac Nowy for late-night zapiekanki (Polish-style baguette pizza)

🌆 Schindler’s Factory

• A deeply moving museum inside the former factory of Oskar Schindler, telling the story of Kraków during Nazi occupation
• Located in Podgórze, near the remains of the Kraków Ghetto

⛪ Nowa Huta

• A planned socialist city turned edgy neighborhood
• Soviet-style architecture, unique local flavor, and great for urban exploration

🕊️ Day Trips from Kraków

🚐 Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial

• A must-visit for historical reflection and remembrance
• About 1.5 hours away, best visited on a guided tour

⛰️ Wieliczka Salt Mine

• A surreal underground world carved from salt—chambers, sculptures, and even chapels
• Just 30 minutes outside the city

🍽️ What to Eat in Kraków

• 🥟 Pierogi – Dumplings with fillings like cheese, potatoes, or meat
• 🍲 Żurek – Sour rye soup with sausage and egg
• 🐷 Gołąbki – Cabbage rolls stuffed with meat and rice
• 🧁 Try obwarzanek krakowski (a pretzel-like street snack)
• 🍻 Wash it all down with Polish beer, vodka, or mulled wine in winter

🗓️ Best Time to Visit

• Spring (Apr–Jun): Mild weather and blooming gardens
• Summer (Jul–Aug): Festivals and al fresco dining (can get busy)
• Autumn (Sept–Oct): Fewer crowds, golden cityscapes
• Winter (Dec): Magical Christmas markets and snow-dusted rooftops

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Oslo, the capital of Norway, is where sleek Scandinavian design, deep Viking roots, and stunning fjord views come together. Surrounded by forests and water, Oslo is one of Europe’s greenest and most livable cities, with a creative, outdoorsy spirit and world-class museums.

🏙️ Top Things to Do in Oslo

🎨 Vigeland Sculpture Park (Frogner Park)

• A surreal, open-air park filled with over 200 sculptures by Gustav Vigeland
• It’s free and open year-round—great for a stroll or picnic

🛶 Oslofjord and Island Hopping

• Take a ferry or kayak around the Oslofjord
• Visit Hovedøya, Gressholmen, or Lindøya for swimming, hiking, and picnicking

🖼️ The National Museum & MUNCH

• The National Museum holds iconic works, including Munch’s The Scream
• Visit the new MUNCH Museum on the waterfront for a deeper dive into the artist’s life

⛵ Aker Brygge & Tjuvholmen

• Trendy harborside neighborhoods full of restaurants, bars, and galleries
• Great for a waterside meal or people-watching

🏰 Akershus Fortress

• A medieval castle with epic views over the Oslofjord
• Walk along the fortress walls and explore Oslo’s early history

🏛️ The Viking Ship Museum (Reopening in 2026)

• Currently under renovation, but a must-visit when it reopens—actual Viking ships and artifacts!

🌲 Nature Close to the City

🌳 Nordmarka Forest

• Miles of trails for hiking, biking, skiing, or lake swimming just 20 minutes from the center
• Hop on the metro to Frognerseteren for panoramic views and waffles at a mountain hut

🏞️ Ekebergparken

• Sculpture park on a hill with views over Oslo
• Mix of art, forest trails, and history

🍽️ What to Eat & Drink

• Salmon, reindeer, and meatballs (kjøttkaker)
• Try a pølse (Norwegian hot dog) with crispbread
• Don’t miss kanelsnurrer (cinnamon buns) or brown cheese (brunost)
• Local craft beer or a glass of Akevitt, Norway’s signature spirit

🗓️ Best Time to Visit

• Summer (June–Aug): Long days, festivals, island hopping, and café life
• Winter (Dec–Feb): Great for skiing, winter lights, and cozy vibes
• Shoulder seasons: Fewer crowds, moody beauty, and great museum access

🧭 Travel Tips

• Oslo is compact—walk or use public transport (Oslo Pass is a great deal!)
• Tap water is pristine, and locals are super friendly
• Many attractions are closed on Mondays—plan ahead
• Bring layers—weather can shift fast!

@ 20986fb8:cdac21b3

分布式Agentic组织（Distributed Agentic Organizations，DA(gentic)O）正在重塑协作的未来格局，融合智能代理（Agentic AI），跨越加密社区、网络社会与现实世界。但要规模化发展，DA(gentic)O 需要更友好的 Agent-to-Agent 和人-to-Agent 社交-交互路径。YakiHonne 可编程 Smart Widgets 提供轻量接口，嵌入社交与支付功能，让代理无缝协作、交易、治理。Agentic Mini Apps 则将这一潜力变为现实，覆盖从链上投票到咖啡支付的场景。在这篇文章我们将探讨 YakiHonne 可编程Smart widgets如何赋能 DA(gentic)O，激活去中心化生产力与代理驱动的协作经济。

1.从 DAO 到 DA(gentic)O：协作的新范式

传统组织依赖中心化管理，效率受限；DAO 通过区块链实现去中心化治理，但投票延迟和静态合约限制生产力。Agentic AI 开启协作新纪元，超越AI的被动执行，具备自主推理、动态适应的能力，宛如数字世界的“智能公民”。通过大语言模型、高级算法与外部工具（如链上数据、Web API、物联网传感器）融合，Agentic AI 实时感知信息、优化决策、持续进化，促使了 DA(gentic)O）的崛起。

DA(gentic)O 是由多个 AI 代理通过开放协议（如 Agent-to-Agent 协作协议、区块链、智能合约）组成的动态生态，优化去中心化自治组织（DAO）并推动其演化。不同于传统组织的中央指挥或 DAO 的投票瓶颈，DA(gentic)O 通过智能网络实现目标。例如，一个代理监测 BTC市场波动，另一个协调网络社会活动，二者通过协议协作，驱动链上交易到现实优化的成果。这种组织以生产力为核心，跨越 Web3治理、网络社会经济、物理社会运营，展现去中心化的灵活性与规模化潜力。DA(gentic)O 不仅是协作的工具，更是连接虚拟与现实的“生产力桥梁”，为全球分布式社区创造可验证的价值。

DA(gentic)O 的核心特点可概括为以下三点：

D：分布式 (Distributed) & 去中心化 (Decentralized) 决策与运作分布于多个自主代理，无需单一控制点，确保组织的鲁棒性与透明性。代理通过链上记录或分布式协议协商资源分配，形成一个无需信任中介的协作网络。例如，在 BTC 市场，代理共同管理资金流向；在网络社会，代理分布式投票决定社区规则；在物理社会，代理协调跨区域的物流调度。这种分布式架构赋予 DA(gentic)O 高度的抗干扰能力与扩展性。

A：自主 (Autonomous) 和智能 (Agentic) 代理具备独立感知、规划与执行的能力，组织通过智能协商实现自治。每个代理如同微型决策单元，能根据环境变化调整策略，无需人类频繁干预。例如，在网络社会的元宇宙，一个代理设计虚拟展览，另一个动态分配算力，二者通过协议自动协调；在物理社会的智能工厂，代理实时优化生产参数，响应市场需求。这种自主性使 DA(gentic)O 能够快速适应复杂场景，超越传统组织的反应速度。

O：组织 (Organization) 和运营 (Operation) 代理以组织化方式协同，形成高效的协作网络，完成从虚拟经济到现实生产的任务。无论是 Web3 的链上拍卖、网络社会的虚拟市场，还是物理社会的供应链整合，DA(gentic)O 都以协作驱动成果。例如，一个代理协调创作者与买家的交易，另一个优化物流配送，二者共同实现端到端的价值流转。这种运营能力使 DA(gentic)O 成为生产力的“协作枢纽”。

DA(gentic)O的灵活性源于Agentic AI的多样能力。反应型代理擅长实时响应，如监控链上交易波动；目标导向代理分解复杂任务，如规划虚拟社区的经济激励；学习型代理通过数据迭代优化，如调整智能工厂的生产参数。这些代理通过A2A协议形成协作网络，适配从虚拟治理、交易到现实优化的广泛需求，构建生产力驱动的“数字生态”。

DA(gentic)O 的主要支柱要素

构建高效的 DA(gentic)O 需以下关键支撑，确保代理网络的运行与协作：

• 主权钱包：每个代理拥有独立匿名数字钱包，安全管理资产并执行交易，支持链上支付、网络社会的虚拟奖励或物理社会的任务报酬，保障经济交互的自主性。
• 去中心化安全环境：可靠的链上或分布式系统，保护代理运行、数据隐私与决策完整性，防范外部攻击或内部篡改，确保协作的信任基础。
• 自由访问网络与链：代理需无缝访问互联网、区块链或其他数据源，获取实时信息与资源，如链上数据、网络社会的用户行为或物理社会的传感器输入，支持推理与协作。
• 接口：用户友好的且自主接口（如链上仪表盘、移动端面板），确保代理与用户、系统间的顺畅连接。

DA(gentic)O 以智能网络连接虚拟与现实，创造交易、协调和优化的价值。Agentic Mini Apps 是其关键交互工具。

2. 可编程Smart Widgets：DA(gentic)O的基础设施

YakiHonne 的可编程 Smart Widgets 是一套轻量化系统，支持 Agentic Mini Apps 的社交互动和支付功能，为DA(gentic)O 提供基础设施。它通过嵌入式接口和去中心化协议，驱动代理间的协作、交易和治理，降低开发门槛，连接 Web3、虚拟社区和现实场景。

2.1 Smart Widgets 的特性

在 Yakihonne 的设计中，Smart Widgets 是微型、智能的应用接口，专为 Agentic Mini Apps 的快速开发与部署设计。其核心特性包括：

• 嵌入社交流：支持 Mini Apps 直接嵌入社交环境，用户无需切换界面即可完成支付或交互。
• 无需中心化审核：任何开发者可以快速创建、部署和分享 Mini Apps，无需应用商店的审批流程。
• 可组合性：Smart Widgets 支持不同类型的功能模块组合，可灵活适配各种 Agent-to-Agent 协作需求。
• 内置支付能力：通过集成链上支付和稳定币支持，实现智能代理之间的价值交换。

这一体系极大降低了构建和扩展去中心化智能代理组织的门槛，使得个体代理（Agent）不仅能行动，还能彼此协作、交易和治理。

2.2 Smart Widgets 的形态与应用

Yakihonne Smart Widgets 根据创建者和使用者的不同需求，分为三种形态，覆盖从普通用户到开发者的全域需求：

• 基础组件（Basic Widgets） 无需编程，通过模板编辑器快速创建支付、投票等交互功能，适合用户构建简单的 Mini Apps。
• 动作组件（Action Widgets） 通过链接嵌入外部功能，保持社交界面的流畅性，支持 Mini Apps 扩展交互范围。
• 工具组件（Tool Widgets） 适合开发者或高级用户，基于 Mini App SDK 开发复杂应用，支持数据查询、链上任务执行、即时支付、智能决策等，构建复杂的智能化 Mini Apps。

这三种形态为 Mini Apps 提供从基础交互到高级协作的支持，适配 DA(gentic)O 的自动化流程。

2.3 支持 DA(gentic)O 的核心功能

Yakihonne Smart Widgets 为分布式Agentic组织提供以下关键能力，驱动 Agentic Mini Apps 的高效运行：

• 自治微应用（Autonomous Mini Apps） Smart Widgets 让代理能够嵌入服务逻辑，自主完成任务或发起支付。例如，Mini Apps 可自动分配 Web3 交易奖励，或协调网络社会的虚拟活动，无需人工干预。
• 即用即付（On-the-Fly Payment） 通过稳定币、BTC、闪电网络（LN）等无缝支付协议，智能代理可以即时完成链上支付，支持微交易经济体。
• 链上身份与社交绑定（On-chain Identity Integration） 代理可以在 Nostr 基础上绑定主权身份，进行链上行为的授权与签名。
• 即时交互与协作（Real-time Interaction and Coordination） 支持代理之间的即时数据交换、智能合约调用和协作执行，适配 Agent-to-Agent 协作网络。
• 开放与可组合性（Openness and Composability） 开发者可自由创建与组合 Widgets，扩展 Mini Apps 的模块化生态。

这些功能使 Smart Widgets 成为 DA(gentic)O 的“支柱”，通过 Mini Apps 连接个体代理与协作网络，构建动态、规模化的生态。

2.4 驱动代理经济(Agentic Economy)

在 DA(gentic)O 中，经济交互至关重要。Smart Widgets 通过以下方式推动代理经济形成：

• 降低支付壁垒 嵌入式支付支持代理间无摩擦的小额交易，简化价值流转。
• 微型自治市场 Widgets 赋予 Mini Apps 自主定价与运营能力，形成独立经济单元。
• 加速创新与扩展 开放创建机制与低成本部署鼓励开发者丰富 Mini Apps 生态。

Yakihonne 正在推动一种新的模式：社交即支付，应用即自治。这为未来的 Agentic DAO 和基于代理的社会经济体系提供了可行路径。

3.Agentic Mini App 应用场景

Agentic Mini Apps 是 DA(gentic)O的交互实现层，通过 YakiHonne Widgets 嵌入社交场景和支付功能，让用户在治理、创作、激励和消费中无缝互动。本章探讨 智能治理、社交媒体、消费生态 三类场景，展示 DA(gentic)O 如何构建从 Web3 到现实社会的动态生态。

3.1. 智能治理--Agentic AI for DAO

传统 DAO 依赖区块链实现透明治理，试图以社区投票和智能合约取代中心化管理。但投票延迟、分歧和静态合约限制价值交付，如投资 DAO 决策迟缓难敌专业机构，协议 DAO 缺乏生产力。Agentic AI 作为 DA(gentic)O 的“智能内核”，自动化执行提案、优化资源分配，提升链上效率，连接 Web3 与现实生产力。具体场景如下：

智能投票与治理优化 传统 aMaci 匿名投票复杂，限制规模化。该基于aMaci的Mini App 封装治理逻辑，提供友好交互，用户通过私信/通知接收提案通知（如“是否调整协议参数”），一键投票。Mini App 分析链上数据（如历史投票趋势），生成决策建议，投票结果秒级汇总，提案自动执行。

激励分配与贡献追踪 用户在 Mini App 内查看贡献（如代码提交、任务完成），Agentic AI 评估链上和链下活动，自动支付稳定币/LN/BTC 奖励，秒到账。私信通知奖励状态。用户通过 Post 展示贡献，Mini App 监测活动，支付代币或 NFT 奖励，链上记录，私信确认支付。

DAO2DAO协作 用户在 Mini App 内共享数据（如 BTC 趋势），Agentic AI 生成协作建议（如“联合活动”），自动执行跨 DAO 任务（如资金池分配）。Post 宣传合作动态。 用户也可通过私信发起联合提案，Mini App 整合多方数据，支付稳定币/LN/BTC 执行协作，链上透明。

社区活动与众筹 用户在 Mini App 内捐款支持活动（如“DAO 年会”），支付稳定币/LN/BTC，秒到账。Agentic AI 跟踪进度，自动分配资金，Post 展示成果。用户通过私信报名活动，Mini App 支付获 NFT 奖励，链上存证。

资源与任务分配 用户在 Mini App 内接收任务（如“开发模块”），Agentic AI 匹配技能，支付稳定币/LN/BTC 奖励，秒到账。私信通知任务状态。用户通过 Post 领取任务，Mini App 验证成果，自动支付代币，链上记录。私信确认完成。

链上身份与认证 用户在 Mini App 内将链上身份与 Nostr 身份绑定，Agentic AI 验证权限，支持跨 DAO 互认，支付稳定币/LN/BTC 激活身份。用户申请联合活动权限，Mini App 验证身份，自动授权，链上透明。

舆情实时分析 用户在 Mini App 内查看舆情报告（如“代币热度上升 30%”），Agentic AI 分析链上和社交数据，生成投资建议，支付 2 USDC 奖励，秒到账。私信推送报告。

3.2 社交媒体

中心化社交媒体因算法操控、内容审查和数据滥用限制用户表达，创作者收益被高额抽成侵蚀，信息真实性和隐私权受威胁。Agentic AI 促使去中心化社交生态更加智能和去中心化，保障用户主权，构建从 Web3 到现实社会的开放网络。具体场景如下：

内容创作与分发 用户与 Agentic AI 协作生成内容（如视频、长文、海报），一键分发到 YakiHonne 及多平台。Mini App 分析用户兴趣，精准推送，支付稳定币/LN/BTC 查看全文。

AI 记者-报道/采访 用户通过 Mini App 自动化新闻采集，分析链上数据和社交 Post，生成长文报道，发布后支持支付打赏。用户通过私信发起采访（如 BUIDL 项目），Agentic AI 生成大纲，Mini App 转录视频为长文或视频，发布至 YakiHonne 及其他平台。

内容互动 用户通过 YakiHonne 社交 Post 参与讨论，Mini App 追踪评论质量，自动打赏奖励高互动者。

内容订阅 用户通过 Mini App 支付订阅长文或独家 Post，Mini App 管理访问权限，秒到账。

内容真实性验证 用户通过 Mini App 验证内容真实性（如新闻出处），标记可信度并投票支持真实内容。

内容存档与协作 用户通过 Mini App 上传 Post 或长文，存储于去中心化网络，生成永久链接并支持其他用户付费下载。用户在 Mini App 内协作长文，Agentic AI 追踪并评估贡献，自动支付稳定币/LN/BTC 奖励，

去中心化广告与收益 创作者通过 Mini App 付费推送长文或内容触达用户，读者将会从广告直接获得收益。

舆情分析与公共讨论 Agentic AI 监测 YakiHonne Post 和社交动态（如“话题热度上升 30%”），生成讨论建议，用户通过私信接收长文报告并进行支付。

3.3 消费生态

中心化支付和传统消费因高额手续费、结算延迟和复杂流程限制用户体验，DeFi 应用也面临操作门槛高、信任不足的问题。Agentic AI 通过 Mini Apps 打造去中心化社交支付与消费生态，扩展链上与现实的消费场景，构建 Web3 价值网络。场景如下：

朋友转账 用户在 Mini App 内搜索好友并转账 0.05 USDC，Agentic AI 测算最优汇率和 Swap 路径，秒到账，链上记录。私信提醒转账请求。 用户在 Mini App 内发起群组分账，Agentic AI 计算份额，支付稳定币/LN/BTC，秒到账，Post 展示记录。

DeFi 质押激励 用户在 Mini App 内加入质押池，Agentic AI 推荐高收益策略，支付稳定币/LN/BTC，秒到账，链上分红透明。私信通知收益。 用户在 Mini App 内质押资产，Agentic AI 分析市场，支付 0.1 USDC 奖励活跃者，秒到账，Post 分享策略。

线下消费 用户在 Mini App 内支付 BTC/LN 购买咖啡或商品，秒到账，链上存证。Post 推送附近商家优惠。用户在 Mini App 内预订服务（如餐厅座位），支付稳定币/LN/BTC 获代币返现，秒到账，Post 分享活动。

GameFi 用户在 Mini App 内支付 0.1 USDC 购买游戏装备，秒到账，链上存证。Post 推送新资产吸引玩家。用户在 Mini App 内完成任务（如战斗挑战），Agentic AI 验证，支付稳定币/LN/BTC 奖励，秒到账，Post 展示排行。

跨境电商 用户在 Mini App 内支付 1 USDC 购买跨境商品，秒到账，链上记录物流。私信推送订单更新。用户在 Mini App 内参与跨境团购，Agentic AI 优化折扣，支付稳定币/LN/BTC 分摊运费，秒到账，Post 展示进展。

4. 结论

随着 Agentic AI 和去中心化技术的快速融合，DA(gentic)O 不再是理论构想，而是正在形成的“智能协作网络”。YakiHonne 的 Smart Widgets 和 Agentic Mini Apps，正在为这种网络提供关键接口与交互基础设施，为用户和开发者释放出前所未有的创作力、支付能力与治理可能。 我们正在见证三个关键趋势的叠加：

1） 从单体代理到多代理协作系统

未来的组织形态将不再是人类为中心的链上治理，而是以多智能体（Multi-Agent）为核心的动态生态。每一个智能代理代表一个用户、一个群体、一个经济单位，能独立感知、推理、执行，与其他代理协同完成更复杂的生产与治理流程。YakiHonne Smart Widgets 将成为这些代理的“协作面板”，为其提供微型入口与交互协议。

2）从社交互动到社交经济系统

当前的社交平台仍多以信息交换为主，而未来的去中心化社交网络将嵌入支付、投票、任务、协作等“社会操作系统”，形成真正的“社交经济”。在这个体系中，Mini Apps 不再是内容附属，而是核心交互单元。YakiHonne 的 Widget 设计天然服务于此场景：它让每一次社交行为都可能触发价值流转，从一次转账、一次众筹、一次治理投票，到一个内容生成任务。

3） 从平台生态到分布式开发生态

社交支付的未来，属于可编程的生态，而非封闭的平台。随着 Smart Widgets SDK 的开源，越来越多的开发者将加入 Agentic Mini App 的构建中。未来的 Web3 应用不会是一个个巨型 App，而是一组协同工作的 Widget 网络，它们在用户的社交流中被发现、被使用、被组合。YakiHonne 正在成为这一生态的起点。

YakiHonne的愿景不仅是打造一个功能强大的去中心化社交支付平台，更是构建一个通向未来的“Agentic 社交操作系统”。在这个系统中，每一个人、每一个代理、每一个交互都是协作的触发器，智能的入口，价值的节点。

@ 20986fb8:cdac21b3

Distributed Agentic Organizations (DA(gentic)O) are reshaping the future of collaboration, blending Agentic AI to bridge crypto communities, virtual societies, and the real world. To scale effectively, DA(gentic)O needs seamless Agent-to-Agent and human-to-Agent social pathways. YakiHonne’s programmable Smart Widgets deliver lightweight interfaces, embedding social and payment features to enable agents to collaborate, transact, and govern effortlessly. Agentic Mini Apps turn this vision into reality, powering scenarios from on-chain voting to buying coffee. In this article, we’ll explore how YakiHonne Smart Widgets empower DA(gentic)O, unlocking decentralized productivity and an agent-driven collaborative economy.

1.From DAO to DA(gentic)O: A New Paradigm for Collaboration

Traditional organizations rely on centralized management, often hitting efficiency bottlenecks. DAOs introduced decentralized governance via blockchain, but slow voting and rigid contracts limit their potential. Agentic AI marks a new era, moving beyond passive execution to autonomous reasoning and dynamic adaptation—like “digital citizens” in a virtual world. By integrating large language models, advanced algorithms, and external tools (like on-chain data, Web APIs, or IoT sensors), Agentic AI processes real-time information, optimizes decisions, and evolves continuously, fueling the rise of DA(gentic)O.

DA(gentic)O are dynamic ecosystems of AI agents connected through open protocols—like Agent-to-Agent collaboration frameworks, blockchain, or smart contracts—enhancing and evolving decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Unlike centralized command structures or DAOs bottlenecked by voting, DA(gentic)O operate as intelligent networks to achieve goals. Picture one agent monitoring BTC market swings while another orchestrates virtual community events—together, they collaborate via protocols to drive outcomes from on-chain trades to real-world optimizations. These organizations prioritize productivity, spanning governance, virtual economies, and physical operations, showcasing the flexibility and scalability of decentralization. DA(gentic)O aren’t just tools for collaboration; they’re bridges linking virtual and physical realms, creating verifiable value for global distributed communities.

DA(gentic)O’s core traits boil down to three pillars:

D: Distributed & Decentralized Decisions and operations spread across autonomous agents, eliminating single points of control for robust, transparent systems. Agents negotiate resources via on-chain records or distributed protocols, forming trustless collaboration networks. For example, in BTC markets, agents collectively manage fund flows; in virtual communities, they vote to set rules; in the physical world, they coordinate cross-regional logistics. This distributed architecture gives DA(gentic)O unmatched resilience and scalability.

A: Autonomous & Agentic Agents independently sense, plan, and act, enabling organizations to self-govern through intelligent coordination. Each agent acts like a micro-decision unit, adapting strategies to changing conditions without constant human oversight. In a metaverse, one agent curates a virtual exhibition while another allocates computing power, syncing automatically via protocols. In smart factories, agents tweak production in real time to meet demand. This autonomy lets DA(gentic)O outpace traditional organizations in complex, fast-moving scenarios.

O: Organization & Operation Agents work as a cohesive network, tackling tasks from virtual economies to real-world production. Whether it’s an on-chain auction in Web3, a virtual marketplace, or a physical supply chain, DA(gentic)O deliver results through collaboration. One agent might handle creator-buyer transactions while another optimizes logistics, together streamlining value from end to end. This operational prowess makes DA(gentic)O a hub for productivity.

DA(gentic)O’s flexibility stems from Agentic AI’s diverse capabilities. Reactive agents excel at real-time responses, like tracking on-chain price shifts. Goal-driven agents break down complex tasks, such as designing virtual community incentives. Learning agents refine strategies through data, like optimizing factory outputs. United via A2A protocols, these agents form networks tailored to virtual governance, transactions, and real-world optimization, building a productivity-driven digital ecosystem.

Key Pillars of DA(gentic)O

To build effective DA(gentic)O, several components ensure the agent network thrives:

• Sovereign Wallets: Each agent holds an independent, anonymous digital wallet, securely managing assets and executing transactions—whether for on-chain payments, virtual rewards, or real-world task payouts—ensuring economic autonomy.
• Decentralized Security: Robust on-chain or distributed systems safeguard agent operations, data privacy, and decision integrity, protecting against attacks or tampering to maintain trust.
• Open Network Access: Agents need seamless access to the internet, blockchains, or other data sources for real-time insights, like on-chain metrics, user behaviors, or IoT sensor data, fueling reasoning and collaboration.
• Interfaces: User-friendly, autonomous interfaces (like on-chain dashboards or mobile panels) enable smooth connections between agents, users, and systems.

DA(gentic)O weave intelligent networks across virtual and physical domains, delivering value through transactions, coordination, and optimization. Agentic Mini Apps are the key to unlocking these interactions.

2. Programmable Smart Widgets: The Backbone of DA(gentic)O

YakiHonne’s programmable Smart Widgets are a lightweight system powering Agentic Mini Apps with social and payment features, serving as the infrastructure for DA(gentic)O. Through embedded interfaces and decentralized protocols, they drive agent collaboration, transactions, and governance, lowering development barriers and connecting Web3, virtual communities, and real-world scenarios.

2.1 Features of Smart Widgets

In YakiHonne’s design, Smart Widgets are compact, intelligent interfaces tailored for the rapid development and deployment of Agentic Mini Apps. Their core features include:

• Embedded Social Flows: Mini Apps integrate directly into social environments, letting users pay or interact without switching interfaces.
• No Centralized Approval: Developers can create, deploy, and share Mini Apps instantly, bypassing app store gatekeepers.
• Composability: Widgets support flexible combinations of functional modules, adapting to diverse Agent-to-Agent collaboration needs.
• Built-in Payments: With on-chain payment and stablecoin support, they enable seamless value exchange between agents.

This framework dramatically lowers the barrier to building and scaling decentralized agent organizations, empowering individual agents to not only act but also collaborate, transact, and govern together.

2.2 Forms and Applications of Smart Widgets

YakiHonne Smart Widgets come in three forms to meet varied needs, from everyday users to advanced developers, powering a full spectrum of DA(gentic)O demands:

• Basic Widgets: No coding required—users can quickly build payment or voting functions using a template editor, ideal for simple Mini Apps.
• Action Widgets: These link external features while keeping social interfaces seamless, expanding Mini Apps’ interaction scope.
• Tool Widgets: Designed for developers and power users, these leverage the Mini App SDK for complex applications, supporting data queries, on-chain tasks, instant payments, and smart decisions to create advanced, intelligent Mini Apps.

These forms provide Mini Apps with everything from basic interactions to sophisticated collaboration, aligning with DA(gentic)O’s automated workflows.

2.3 Core Capabilities for DA(gentic)O

YakiHonne Smart Widgets deliver key capabilities to fuel the efficient operation of Distributed Agentic Organizations through Agentic Mini Apps:

• Autonomous Mini Apps: Widgets embed service logic, letting agents independently handle tasks or trigger payments—like auto-distributing Web3 transaction rewards or coordinating virtual community events without human input.
• On-the-Fly Payments: Seamless protocols for stablecoins, BTC, or Lightning Network (LN) enable instant on-chain payments, supporting micro-transaction economies.
• On-Chain Identity Integration: Agents can tie sovereign identities to platforms like Nostr, authorizing and signing on-chain actions.
• Real-Time Interaction and Coordination: Widgets facilitate instant data sharing, smart contract calls, and collaborative execution, tailored for Agent-to-Agent networks.
• Openness and Composability: Developers can freely create and combine Widgets, expanding the modular Mini App ecosystem.

These features make Smart Widgets the “backbone” of DA(gentic)O, linking individual agents to collaborative networks and fostering dynamic, scalable ecosystems.

2.4 Fueling the Agentic Economy

In DA(gentic)O, economic interactions are critical. Smart Widgets drive the agentic economy by:

• Lowering Payment Barriers: Embedded payments enable frictionless micro-transactions between agents, streamlining value flow.
• Micro-Autonomous Markets: Widgets give Mini Apps independent pricing and operation capabilities, creating self-sustaining economic units.
• Accelerating Innovation: Open creation and low-cost deployment encourage developers to enrich the Mini App ecosystem.

YakiHonne is pioneering a new model: social interactions double as payments, and apps run autonomously. This lays the groundwork for future Agentic DAOs and agent-driven socio-economic systems.

3. Agentic Mini App Use Cases

Agentic Mini Apps are the interactive layer of DA(gentic)O, powered by YakiHonne Smart Widgets to embed social and payment features, enabling seamless user engagement in governance, content creation, incentives, and consumption. This chapter dives into three key scenarios—autonomous governance, social media, and consumption ecosystems—showing how DA(gentic)O build dynamic networks from Web3 to the real world.

3.1 Autonomous Governance: Agentic AI for DAOs

Traditional DAOs leverage blockchain for transparent governance, aiming to replace centralized control with community voting and smart contracts. But delays, disputes, and static contracts hinder value delivery—investment DAOs lag behind professional firms, and protocol DAOs struggle with productivity. Agentic AI, the “smart core” of DA(gentic)O, automates proposals, optimizes resource allocation, and boosts on-chain efficiency, bridging Web3 with real-world productivity. Here’s how it works:

• Intelligent Autonomous Voting and Governance Optimization

Traditional aMaci-based anonymous voting is complex and limits scale. This aMaci-powered Mini App simplifies governance logic with user-friendly interfaces. Users get proposal alerts via DMs or notifications (e.g., “Adjust protocol parameters?”) and vote with one tap. The Mini App analyzes on-chain data (like past voting trends) to suggest decisions, tallies results in seconds, and auto-executes proposals. - Incentive Allocation and Contribution Tracking

Users check contributions (e.g., code commits, completed tasks) in the Mini App. Agentic AI evaluates on-chain and off-chain activity, auto-paying rewards in stablecoins, LN, or BTC—instantly. DMs notify reward status. Users showcase contributions via posts, and the Mini App tracks activity, distributing tokens or NFTs, logged on-chain with DM confirmations. - DAO-to-DAO Collaboration

Users share data (e.g., BTC trends) in the Mini App, where Agentic AI suggests collaborations (e.g., “joint campaign”). It auto-executes cross-DAO tasks like fund pool allocation, with posts promoting updates. Users can also propose joint initiatives via DMs, and the Mini App aggregates multi-party data, paying stablecoins, LN, or BTC for execution, all transparent on-chain. - Community Events and Crowdfunding

Users donate to events (e.g., “DAO summit”) via the Mini App, paying stablecoins, LN, or BTC—instantly. Agentic AI tracks progress, auto-allocates funds, and posts share results. Users sign up for events via DMs, earning NFT rewards through Mini App payments, recorded on-chain. - Resource and Task Allocation

Users pick tasks (e.g., “build a module”) in the Mini App. Agentic AI matches skills, paying stablecoins, LN, or BTC rewards—instantly. DMs update task status. Users claim tasks via posts, and the Mini App verifies outcomes, auto-paying tokens, logged on-chain with DM confirmations. - On-Chain Identity and Authentication

Users link on-chain and Nostr identities in the Mini App. Agentic AI verifies permissions, enabling cross-DAO recognition, with stablecoin, LN, or BTC payments to activate identities. Users request event access, and the Mini App auto-grants permissions, transparent on-chain. - Real-Time Sentiment Analysis

Users view sentiment reports (e.g., “token buzz up 30%”) in the Mini App. Agentic AI analyzes on-chain and social data, offering investment tips for a 2 USDC reward—instantly. Reports are sent via DMs.

3.2 Social Media

Centralized social platforms curb free expression with algorithmic bias, content censorship, and data misuse. Creators lose earnings to hefty fees, and authenticity and privacy are at risk. Agentic AI powers a smarter, decentralized social ecosystem, ensuring user sovereignty and building open networks from Web3 to the real world. Key scenarios include: - Content Creation and Distribution

Users team up with Agentic AI to craft content (videos, articles, posters), publishing to YakiHonne and beyond with one click. The Mini App analyzes user interests for targeted delivery, with stablecoin, LN, or BTC payments to unlock full content. - AI Journalism: Reporting and Interviews

Users automate news gathering via the Mini App, pulling on-chain data and social posts to create in-depth reports, shareable for tip-based payments. For interviews (e.g., BUIDL projects), users DM requests, and Agentic AI drafts outlines, with the Mini App converting videos to articles or clips for YakiHonne and other platforms. - Content Interaction

Users engage in discussions via YakiHonne posts. The Mini App tracks comment quality, auto-rewarding active participants with tips. - Content Subscriptions

Users pay for premium articles or exclusive posts through the Mini App, which manages access—instantly. - Content Authenticity Verification

Users verify content credibility (e.g., news sources) via the Mini App, flagging trustworthiness and voting to support authentic posts. - Content Archiving and Collaboration

Users upload posts or articles to the Mini App, stored on decentralized networks with permanent links for paid downloads. For collaborative articles, Agentic AI tracks contributions, auto-paying stablecoin, LN, or BTC rewards. - Decentralized Ads and Revenue

Creators pay to promote articles or content via the Mini App, with readers earning directly from ad revenue. - Sentiment Analysis and Public Discourse

Agentic AI monitors YakiHonne posts and social trends (e.g., “topic buzz up 30%”), suggesting discussions. Users receive detailed reports via DMs for a payment.

3.3 Consumption Ecosystem

Centralized payments and traditional consumption suffer from high fees, slow settlements, and clunky processes, while DeFi apps face steep learning curves and trust issues. Agentic AI, through Mini Apps, builds a decentralized social payment and consumption ecosystem, expanding on-chain and real-world use cases to create a Web3 value network. Scenarios include:

• Peer-to-Peer Transfers

Users search friends in the Mini App to send 0.05 USDC. Agentic AI optimizes exchange rates and swap paths, settling instantly with on-chain records. DMs flag transfer requests. For group splits, users initiate in the Mini App, and Agentic AI calculates shares, paying stablecoins, LN, or BTC—instantly, with posts logging details. - DeFi Staking Incentives

Users join staking pools via the Mini App, where Agentic AI suggests high-yield strategies, paying stablecoins, LN, or BTC—instantly, with transparent on-chain dividends. DMs notify profits. Users stake assets, and Agentic AI rewards active users with 0.1 USDC, paid instantly, with posts sharing strategies. - Offline Purchases

Users pay BTC or LN for coffee or goods via the Mini App—instantly, logged on-chain. Posts promote nearby deals. For bookings (e.g., restaurant seats), users pay stablecoins, LN, or BTC, earning token cashback—instantly, with posts sharing events. - GameFi

Users buy game gear for 0.1 USDC in the Mini App—instantly, recorded on-chain. Posts highlight new assets to attract players. For tasks (e.g., battle challenges), Agentic AI verifies completion, paying stablecoin, LN, or BTC rewards—instantly, with posts showcasing leaderboards. - Cross-Border E-Commerce

Users pay 1 USDC for overseas goods via the Mini App—instantly, with on-chain logistics tracking. DMs update orders. For group buys, Agentic AI optimizes discounts, splitting stablecoin, LN, or BTC shipping costs—instantly, with posts tracking progress.

4. Conclusion

As Agentic AI and decentralized technologies converge rapidly, DA(gentic)O are no longer theoretical—they’re emerging as “intelligent collaboration networks.” YakiHonne’s Smart Widgets and Agentic Mini Apps provide the critical interfaces and infrastructure for these networks, unleashing unprecedented creativity, payment capabilities, and governance possibilities for users and developers alike. We’re witnessing the convergence of three transformative trends:

1) From Solo Agents to Multi-Agent Systems

The future of organizations isn’t human-centric on-chain governance but dynamic ecosystems driven by multi-agent systems. Each intelligent agent—representing a user, group, or economic unit—senses, reasons, and acts independently, collaborating with others to tackle complex production and governance tasks. YakiHonne Smart Widgets serve as the “collaboration dashboard” for these agents, offering micro-gateways and interaction protocols.

2) From Social Interaction to Social Economies

Today’s social platforms focus on information exchange, but tomorrow’s decentralized networks will embed payments, voting, tasks, and collaboration into a “social operating system,” forming true social economies. In this model, Mini Apps aren’t just content add-ons—they’re core interaction hubs. YakiHonne’s Widget design is built for this: every social action, from a transfer to a crowdfund, a governance vote to a content task, can spark value flow.

3) From Platform Ecosystems to Distributed Development

The future of social payments lies in programmable ecosystems, not walled gardens. With the open-source Smart Widgets SDK, more developers will join the Agentic Mini App movement. Apps won’t be monolithic giants but networks of interoperable Widgets, discovered, used, and combined within users’ social flows. YakiHonne is laying the foundation for this ecosystem.

YakiHonne’s vision goes beyond a powerful decentralized social payment platform—it’s about building an “Agentic Social Operating System” for the future. In this system, every person, every agent, every interaction is a trigger for collaboration, an entry point for intelligence, and a node for value creation.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

วันก่อนเฮียไปเดินห้าง เดินไปเจอชั้นขายน้ำมันพืช มีน้ำมันรำข้าววางโชว์อยู่หน้าสุด พร้อมคำโปรยที่ดูแพงกว่าขวดซะอีก ตัวเลขข่มกันมาเข้มๆเลย ระดับหมื่นๆหน่วยทั้งนั้น “มีแกมมาออไรซานอล ลดคอเลสเตอรอล” “มีวิตามินอีสูง” “ทนความร้อนได้ดีเยี่ยม เหมาะกับทุกเมนูทอด” “น้ำมันสุขภาพ คนรักหัวใจควรมีไว้ประจำบ้าน”

เฮียยืนอ่านแล้วก็ได้แต่ยิ้ม…

ว่าด้วย Oryzanol ...ของดีจริงเหรอ? อันนี้เป็นไม้เด็ดของฝั่งที่เชียร์น้ำมันรำข้าวเลยเฮีย เขาบอกว่า แกมมาโอริซานอล (γ-Oryzanol) เนี่ย เป็นสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่ช่วยลดคอเลสเตอรอลในเลือด ฟังแล้วรู้สึกเหมือนกินแล้วหลอดเลือดจะสะอาดเหมือนพื้นห้องน้ำที่เพิ่งขัดเสร็จ แต่...อย่าเพิ่งรีบวางใจ เพราะงานวิจัยที่ว่าแกมมาโอริซานอล ลดคอเลสเตอรอลเนี่ย ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ “สารสกัดเข้มข้น” ในขนาดโดสระดับ 300-600 มิลลิกรัมต่อวัน ย้ำนะว่า สารสกัดเข้มข้น

ทีนี้เรามาดูกันไหมว่าที่ฉลากบอกว่ามี โอริซานอล 12,000 ppm ที่ดูเยอะแยะมากมายจนเราว๊าววววววกันนั้น ppm มันคืออะไรวะ? ppm (parts per million) แปลว่า “ส่วนในล้านส่วน” ในกรณีของของเหลวอย่างน้ำมัน 1 ppm = 1 มิลลิกรัม ต่อ 1 ลิตร ดังนั้น 12,000 ppm = 12,000 mg/ลิตร หรือก็คือ 12 กรัม ต่อน้ำมัน 1 ลิตร ถ้าเรากินน้ำมันแค่ “1 ช้อนโต๊ะ” (ประมาณ 15 มล.) ที่มี γ-Oryzanol 12,000 ppm จะมี γ-Oryzanol ประมาณ 180 mg สิ่งที่ร่างกายได้รับระหว่างที่ผสมในน้ำมัน กับ "สารสกัดเข้มข้น" ในการทดลอง มันคนละบริบทกัน แต่เอามาเคลมกัน???

ซึ่งเฮียบอกเลยว่า…เวลาเขาเคลมข้อดีมักจะดึงมาเป็นข้อๆ แต่ร่างกายมันเป็นเรื่องโยงใยอีรันพันตู คือก่อนที่คอเลสเตอรอลจะลด ตับเรานี่แหละจะรับไม่ไหวก่อน เพราะน้ำมันรำข้าวเป็นไขมันชนิดไม่อิ่มตัวหลายตำแหน่ง (PUFA) สูง ซึ่งถ้ารับเข้าไปในปริมาณมาก จะเพิ่มภาระให้ตับในการกำจัดสารอนุมูลอิสระและควบคุมสมดุลไขมันในเลือด ตับต้องทำงานหนักขึ้นเสมือนต้องล้างน้ำมันเครื่องเก่า ๆ ทุกวัน นานไปตับอาจเสื่อม ไม่สดใสเหมือนตอนกินไก่ต้มร้านประจำ

จริงอยู่ที่มีงานวิจัยบอกว่า γ‐oryzanol หรือที่เรียกกันว่า ออริซานอล เนี่ย สามารถช่วยลดการอมน้ำมันของอาหารทอดได้บ้าง โดยเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างของอาหารและสมบัติทางกายภาพของน้ำมัน ทำให้เฟรนช์ฟรายส์ที่ทอดออกมาน้ำมันเกาะน้อยลง เหมือนฟังดูดีใช่ไหมเฮีย?

แต่เฮียอยากชวนคิดอีกมุมว่า… ถ้าการจะทำให้อาหาร “ไม่อมน้ำมัน” ต้องอาศัยการ “เติมสารเคมี” เข้าไปเพื่อไปเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างของน้ำมัน แล้วนั่นยังเรียกว่า "ดีต่อสุขภาพ" ได้อยู่ไหม?

เพราะอย่าลืมว่า γ‐oryzanol ไม่ได้เป็นสารที่อยู่ในน้ำมันรำข้าวดิบ ๆ แบบธรรมชาติในปริมาณสูงพออยู่แล้ว ผู้ผลิตหลายเจ้าเลยต้อง เติมเพิ่มเข้าไปทีหลัง และการเติมสารเพิ่มในอุตสาหกรรมอาหารเนี่ย ไม่ได้มีฟรีนะ มันมีคำถามตามมาว่า เติมเท่าไหร่ถึงจะพอดี? เติมแบบนี้แล้วร่างกายดูดซึมได้แค่ไหน? สะสมในร่างกายไหม? และสุดท้าย... สารนี้จริง ๆ แล้ว “มีความจำเป็น” ต่อร่างกายหรือเปล่า?

เฮียบอกตรง ๆ ว่า ร่างกายคนเรา ไม่ได้ต้องการ γ‐oryzanol ในชีวิตประจำวันเลย มันไม่ใช่สารจำเป็นเหมือนวิตามิน หรือแร่ธาตุใด ๆ และก็ไม่มีหลักฐานชัดเจนในคนว่า การบริโภคต่อเนื่องในระยะยาวจะ ไม่มีผลข้างเคียง โดยเฉพาะเมื่อต้องโดนความร้อนสูง ๆ ซ้ำ ๆ ในการทอด แล้วอีกเรื่องที่ต้องไม่ลืมคือ…

น้ำมันรำข้าวเองเป็นน้ำมันที่มี กรดไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวสูงมาก โดยเฉพาะพวกโอเมก้า 6 ซึ่งถ้าเราโดนความร้อนสูงบ่อย ๆ อย่างการทอด มันจะเสื่อมสภาพเร็ว เกิดสารอนุมูลอิสระง่าย ซึ่งสารพวกนี้แหละที่เป็นต้นเหตุของการอักเสบเรื้อรังในร่างกาย ดังนั้นเวลาใครบอกว่า "โอเคนะ ใช้ได้ เพราะใส่สารช่วยป้องกันแล้ว" มันก็ควรถามกลับเหมือนกันว่า...แล้วทำไมเราไม่เริ่มจากใช้น้ำมันที่ทนความร้อนได้ดีตั้งแต่แรก???? มันก็เหมือนการแต่งหน้าซ่อนสิวโดยไม่รักษาสิวนั่นแหละ ดูดีขึ้นแค่ผิวเผิน แต่ต้นเหตุยังอยู่ครบ

เฮียอยากให้เพื่อน ๆ ฟังแล้วไม่ต้องรีบตัดสินใจอะไรทันที แค่ลองฟังอีกด้านไว้ แล้วค่อย ๆ คิด ว่าการกินอาหารเพื่อสุขภาพเนี่ย เราจะเลือกของที่ดูดีจากโฆษณา หรือของที่ “ร่างกายใช้ประโยชน์ได้จริง” โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งสารสังเคราะห์อะไรเลย

วิตามินอีสูง...แล้วไงต่อ? เค้าก็อ้างว่าน้ำมันรำข้าวมีวิตามินอีเยอะ เป็นสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระ จริงอยู่ วิตามินอีมีอยู่ในน้ำมันพืชหลายชนิด แต่เฮียขอเล่าให้ฟังแบบไม่อ้อมค้อมนะ…น้ำมันรำข้าวที่เราซื้อในท้องตลาด เขาเอารำข้าวไปผ่านกระบวนการ สกัดด้วยตัวทำละลายเฮกเซน (Hexane) ผ่านความร้อนสูงระดับ 200-270 องศาเซลเซียส แล้วก็ ฟอกกลิ่น ฟอกสี ให้มันดูใส ๆ น่ากิน

ปัญหาคือ…วิตามินอี กับสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระที่เขาว่า “มีสูง” มันพังไปกับความร้อนและกระบวนการผลิตตั้งแต่ช่วงแรก ๆ แล้ว เพราะวิตามินอีเป็นสารที่ไวต่ออุณหภูมิสูงมาก พอเจอความร้อนสูงแบบนั้น ก็กลายเป็นเหมือนซุปเปอร์ฮีโร่ที่หมดพลังกลางฉากแอ็กชัน

บางแบรนด์เลยต้องเติมวิตามินอีกลับเข้าไปทีหลัง ทั้งเพื่อ “เพิ่มคุณค่าทางโภชนาการ” ให้เอาไปโฆษณาได้ และ เพื่อช่วยป้องกันการเหม็นหืน ของน้ำมันที่ไวต่อปฏิกิริยาออกซิเดชัน เพราะน้ำมันรำข้าวที่อุดมไปด้วย PUFA จะเหม็นหืนเร็ว ถ้าไม่มีสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระไปจับ เรียกว่าเติมเพื่อให้ดูดีทั้งต่อสุขภาพและต่อกลิ่น (แม้สุขภาพอาจไม่ได้ดีจริง…)

ทนความร้อนได้ดี? เหมาะกับการทอด? อันนี้ต้องแซวแรงนิดนึง... เพราะเขาชอบโฆษณาว่า “เหมาะกับการทอดเพราะทนความร้อนได้ดี” บ้าบอ ในความจริง น้ำมันรำข้าวเป็น Polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) สูง แม้จะมีโมเลกุลอิ่มตัวบ้าง แต่ไม่มากพอจะสู้ความร้อนจริงจังได้ เวลาโดนทอดร้อน ๆ ไขมันเหล่านี้มัน กลายพันธุ์ เป็นไขมันออกซิไดซ์ ไม่ต้องไปบอกเลยว่าให้สลัดน้ำมัน กรรมมันเกิดไปแล้ว

น้ำมันรำข้าวคือน้ำมันพืชที่มี กรดไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวเชิงซ้อน (PUFA) สูง โดยเฉพาะ โอเมกา-6 (linoleic acid) ซึ่งถ้าเทียบให้เห็นภาพแบบเฮีย ๆ PUFA ก็คือคนขี้น้อยใจ โดนแดดนิด โดนไฟหน่อย ก็เป็นอารมณ์ บูดเสียง่าย คือไม่เหมาะจะโดนผัด โดนทอด เพราะมันจะกลายร่างเป็น อนุมูลอิสระ แล้ววิ่งวุ่นในร่างกายเราเหมือนคนเสียสติ

แล้วที่บอกว่าช่วยเรื่องหัวใจ? เรื่องนี้ก็น่าสนใจ เพราะเขาชอบพูดว่า “น้ำมันรำข้าวช่วยลดความเสี่ยงโรคหัวใจ” ซึ่งจริง ๆ มาจากแนวคิดเก่าว่า “ถ้าลดไขมันอิ่มตัว แล้วหันมากินไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวจากพืช จะช่วยลดคอเลสเตอรอล และหัวใจก็จะดีขึ้น”

ฟังดูเข้าท่าใช่ไหม...แต่รู้ไหมว่าทุกวันนี้ งานวิจัยใหม่ ๆ เริ่มพบว่า การลดไขมันอิ่มตัวไม่ได้ลดความเสี่ยงโรคหัวใจ อย่างที่เคยคิด และกลับกัน…ไขมันจากสัตว์ที่มาจากอาหารแท้ อย่างเนยแท้ น้ำมันหมู น้ำมันมะพร้าว กลับมีผลดีต่อสุขภาพหัวใจมากกว่า เพราะไม่สร้างการอักเสบในร่างกาย (พูดในมุม cooking oil นะ ถ้าสกัดเย็นพวก มะกอก มะพร้าว มะคาเดเมีย งา ฯลฯ นั่นเป็นเรื่องของสารพฤกษะและพลังงานประกอบ มันจะอีกศาสตร์นึง อย่าเพิ่งปนกันถ้ายังไม่ได้ลงลึก เพราะถ้าเอาสกัดเย็นมาโดนร้อนก็เจ๊งบ๊ง เคลียร์นะ)

ในขณะที่ไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวสูงอย่าง PUFA จากน้ำมันพืชกลับเพิ่มการอักเสบเรื้อรัง ซึ่งเป็นต้นตอของโรคหัวใจ เบาหวาน สมองเสื่อม และโรคเรื้อรังแทบทุกชนิด

แถมกับคำถามหลังไมค์ การที่จะบอกว่า "น้ำมันรำข้าวอมน้ำมันมากกว่าแต่กรดไขมันเขาดีกว่าน้ำมันปาล์มนะ" ฟังเผิน ๆ เหมือนเลือกความดีระยะยาวแลกกับความอ้วนระยะสั้น แต่เดี๋ยวก่อนเฮียอยากให้มองอีกด้าน... 1. กรดไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวที่ว่า “ดี” ในทางทฤษฎีนั้น ถ้าอยู่เฉย ๆ บนชั้นวาง ก็อาจจะดูดีอยู่หรอก แต่พอเจอไฟร้อน ๆ ตอนทอดหรือผัด สารพวกนี้เสื่อมสภาพง่ายมาก กลายเป็นสารออกซิไดซ์ที่ทำร้ายหลอดเลือดเราแบบไม่รู้ตัว กลายเป็น "ไขมันดีพัง ๆ" ได้ทันที 2. น้ำมันที่อมน้ำมันเยอะ หมายถึงอาหารเราจะดูดน้ำมันเข้าไปเยอะ ซึ่งเท่ากับเรากินเข้าไปเยอะโดยไม่รู้ตัว ปริมาณโอเมก้า 6 ก็พุ่งสูง แล้วพอระดับโอเมก้า 6 ในร่างกายสูงขึ้นมากเกินสมดุล มันจะกระตุ้นการอักเสบในร่างกาย = ต้นเหตุของสารพัดโรคยุคใหม่เลยนะ 3. สุดท้าย ถ้าเราต้องแลกกับการใช้น้ำมันที่ต้องพึ่ง "สารเติมแต่ง" อย่างโอริซานอล เพื่อให้อาหารไม่อมน้ำมันเกินไป แบบนี้ก็เหมือนซื้อของแพงแล้วต้องซื้อตัวช่วยเพิ่ม เพื่อให้มันใช้งานได้ดีขึ้น แบบนี้เรียกว่าดีจริงหรือเปล่า? เหมือนคนหน้าตาดีแต่ใช้เงินเก่ง... สุดท้ายเป็นหนี้เหมือนกัน

น้ำมันรำข้าวที่ผ่านกระบวนการมากมาย มันกลายเป็น “Fiat Food” ที่หน้าตาดูดี แต่คุณค่าข้างในเบาหวิว เหมือนแบงก์กระดาษที่พิมพ์ออกมาเยอะ แต่ไม่มีทองรองรับ

ที่สำคัญคือ มันไม่ใช่แค่เรื่อง "กินมากไปไม่ดี" หรอกนะ

บทความกูรูหลายเจ้าชอบสรุปว่า “อย่ากินเยอะ” กินแบบใส่เพื่อผัดอาหารน้อยๆ อืมมม คือพี่ครับ น้ำมันพืชมันไม่ได้เป็นแค่ขวดที่เราซื้อในซูเปอร์ แต่มันเป็น วัตถุดิบหลักของร้านอาหาร ผัดกระเพราเจ้าโปรด กล่องเบนโตะข้างออฟฟิศ ขนมทอดกรอบทุกซอง แถมยังถูกแปะฉลากคำว่า “ดีต่อสุขภาพ” เพื่อให้เรารู้สึกผิดน้อยลงตอนกินของทอดอีกต่างหาก แถมเวลาเราทำกินเอง บางอย่างมันใส่มากกว่า 1ช้อนโต๊ะ ตามหน่วยบริโภคนะ แถม แต่ปัญหาใหญ่คือ PUFA จากน้ำมันพืชเหล่านี้ สะสมในเนื้อเยื่อไขมันเราแบบยาวนาน ไม่ได้หายไปง่าย ๆ แบบอกไก่ต้มหลังออกกำลังกาย ถึงจะกินแค่การผัดกับข้าวจานละ 1ช้อนก็เหอะ วันนั้นกินกับข้าวกี่กระทะ???

มันแทรกตัวเข้าไปในเยื่อหุ้มเซลล์ และกลายเป็น ตัวจุดไฟอักเสบเรื้อรังในร่างกาย เบาหวาน ความดัน มะเร็ง ไขมันพอกตับ อาจไม่ได้มาพร้อมสายฟ้า แต่ค่อย ๆ สะสมทีละหยดเหมือนน้ำมันในกระทะ

อย่าให้คำว่า “มีสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระ” มาหลอกเรา เพราะสุดท้าย ถ้าโครงสร้างไขมันมัน ไม่เสถียรตั้งแต่ต้น ต่อให้มีวิตามิน E ติดมานิด ๆ หน่อย ๆ มันก็เหมือนใส่หมวกกันน็อกให้ตุ๊กตา แล้วเอาไปนั่งมอเตอร์ไซค์วิบาก

น้ำมันรำข้าวไม่ใช่ปีศาจ แต่ก็ไม่ใช่นางฟ้า และเมื่อมันเป็นน้ำมันที่ร่างกายเราไม่ได้ออกแบบมาเพื่อรองรับมัน ก็อย่าหลงกลคำโฆษณาว่า "ดีต่อหัวใจ" หรือ “มีสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระ” แล้วเทมันใส่กระทะทุกวันเลยนะ

ก็เข้าใจแหละว่าเวลาคนทำอาหารเองที่บ้าน เขาจะรู้สึกว่า “ทอดเอง คุมได้ ทอดแค่รอบเดียว ไม่ได้ใช้ซ้ำ ไม่เป็นไรหรอก” แล้วก็หยิบ น้ำมันรำข้าว มาด้วยเหตุผลว่า “โปรไฟล์กรดไขมันมันดีกว่าน้ำมันปาล์ม” …ฟังดูเหมือนมีเหตุมีผล แต่เฮียอยากให้ลองมองอีกมุมนะ

น้ำมันรำข้าวมีกรดไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวสูงก็จริง แต่นั่นแหละคือปัญหา เพราะความไม่อิ่มตัวทำให้ ไม่เสถียรต่อความร้อน โดยธรรมชาติ! ถึงจะทอดรอบเดียว พอน้ำมันเจอไฟแรง ๆ มันก็ยังเสื่อมสภาพอยู่ดี เกิดสารอนุมูลอิสระที่มองไม่เห็น แต่ร่างกายเราเห็นหมด แล้วถ้าคนในบ้านกินบ่อย ๆ วันเว้นวัน จะรู้ตัวอีกทีก็อาจจะมีอาการอักเสบเรื้อรังโดยไม่รู้ต้นตอเลยก็ได้

ส่วนที่บอกว่าอาหารอมน้ำมันก็ไม่เป็นไร แค่รอหายร้อนแล้วซับออก หรือเอาเข้าหม้อลมร้อน มันช่วยได้ “บางส่วน” จริง แต่ไม่ได้แก้ที่ต้นเหตุ เพราะไขมันที่เข้าไปอยู่ในชั้นแป้งหรือเนื้อของอาหารมันออกยากกว่าที่คิด และถ้าเราต้อง “พึ่งวิธีรีดน้ำมันออก” ทุกครั้งที่ทอด นั่นแปลว่าน้ำมันที่ใช้มันอมน้ำมันเกินไปตั้งแต่แรกแล้ว ไม่ใช่หรือ?

“ทอดรอบเดียวก็จริง แต่ถ้าน้ำมันมันพังตั้งแต่โดนไฟ แล้วจะต่างอะไรกับทอดสิบรอบ?”

ท้ายของท้ายสุด เรื่องทอดไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องน้ำมัน แต่มีเรื่อง AGEs ด้วยซึ่งสำคัญกว่าใช้น้ำมันอะไรทอดเยอะเลยครับ นี่เขียนเพื่อบันทึกรายละเอียดของน้ำมันรำข้าวให้เฉยๆ

#pirateketo #ฉลาก3รู้ #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ 4925ea33:025410d8

Como invocar a Deus?

O segundo capítulo do livro Confissões, de Santo Agostinho, começa com uma pergunta que toca o coração de todo aquele que busca a fé: “Como invocar a Deus?”

Essa questão, apesar de parecer simples, exige que tenhamos os olhos abertos para a verdade e uma consciência clara da nossa pequenez diante da grandeza divina. Somos pó diante do Criador — limitados, frágeis, tentando compreender o Infinito.

O Deus que não pode ser contido

Santo Agostinho se questiona sobre a presença de Deus e o que significa “conter” o Senhor. Ele reconhece que Deus está em todos os lugares — até mesmo no inferno. Como poderia ser diferente, se Deus é infinitamente grande?

“Nada pode conter Deus, nem mesmo o céu e a terra, suas maiores criações.”

Esse reconhecimento o leva a concluir: Deus não tem começo, meio ou fim. Ele é eterno, e nada pode delimitá-Lo.

O espanto da descoberta: Deus habita em nós Agostinho se espanta ao perceber que, se tudo o que existe só existe porque Deus o sustenta, então Deus está em tudo — inclusive dentro de nós. E aqui nasce uma nova dúvida:

Por que invocar a Deus se Ele já habita em mim? Como pode o Infinito caber em uma criatura tão pequena como o ser humano?

A beleza da doutrina católica

Estudar a doutrina católica é uma experiência profunda e transformadora. A riqueza com que ela trata o mistério de Deus é tão grandiosa, que toca até os corações mais endurecidos.

“Se algo existe, é porque Deus o sustenta. Ele está conosco. Ele nos dá o dom da vida.”

Essa verdade muda completamente a forma como enxergamos a realidade. Compreender que Deus sustenta até aqueles que se afastaram Dele nos leva a uma nova visão — mais compassiva, mais humana e mais próxima do amor de Cristo.

A presença de Deus até nas realidades mais difíceis

Essa reflexão me lembra algo que ouvia na igreja: o chamado de apresentar Cristo nos presídios. Sempre me perguntei como os pregadores viam a presença de Deus em pessoas que cometeram crimes cruéis.

Hoje, entendo que se alguém ainda existe, é porque Deus ainda o sustenta — mesmo que seus atos não agradem a Deus. A existência é um sinal de que a presença divina ainda está ali, chamando à conversão.

Conclusão: Deus está em tudo, inclusive em nós

Este capítulo não aprofunda como lidar com o inimigo ou com o mal, mas nos dá uma certeza essencial: Deus está em tudo e em todos.

Ao orar, não devemos buscá-Lo como alguém distante, mas sim olhar para dentro de nós. A presença de Deus habita em nós.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

วันนี้มาเล่าเรื่อง animal base บ้างครับ เพราะหลายๆคนบอกว่า ดีนะฉันกินสัตว์ ฉันคิดว่าไขมันสัตว์ดีที่สุด รวมถึง plant base ที่ตัดสินฉาบฉวยว่าผม anti plant วันนี้มาเล่าข้อมูลเรื่องต่อไปกันครับ เพื่อให้เห็นว่า โลกของผู้ล่า มันไม่เลือกฝั่งครับ คำถามคือ เหยื่อจะเตรียมตัวอย่างไรมากกว่า เพราะเหยื่อยังทะเลาะกันเองอยู่เลย 55555

sub item ของ fiat food มีอย่างนึงที่เรียกว่า fake food ครับ ถ้าถามว่า “โปรตีนจากเซลล์” หรือ lab-grown meat ที่โฆษณาว่าเป็นทางเลือกแห่งอนาคตนั้น ภาพที่คนทั่วไปนึกถึงคืออะไร? คำตอบน่าจะไม่พ้น -เนื้อที่ไม่ต้องฆ่าสัตว์ -โปรตีนสะอาด ไร้มลพิษ -เทคโนโลยีแห่งอนาคตเพื่อสิ่งแวดล้อม

เชื่อไหมว่าความจริงนั้นมันอาจจะตรงกันข้ามกับทุกข้อที่ตอบมาเลยครับ

มันมาจากไหน?

"เนื้อเทียมจากห้องแล็บ" คือการเอาเซลล์สัตว์มาเพาะเลี้ยงในจานเพาะเลี้ยง โดยให้อาหารกับเซลล์พวกนั้นด้วยน้ำเลี้ยง (growth medium) เพื่อให้มันแบ่งตัวกลายเป็นกล้ามเนื้อ ฟังดูเหมือนปลอดภัยใช่ไหม? แต่ที่หลายคนไม่รู้คือ…

น้ำเลี้ยงที่ใช้ส่วนใหญ่มาจาก Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) หรือ ซีรั่มจากลูกวัวที่ถูกฆ่าขณะอยู่ในครรภ์แม่ มันคือ คือการเจาะหัวใจลูกวัวที่ยังไม่เกิด เพื่อเอาเลือดมาเลี้ยงเนื้อเทียม แน่นอนว่าการให้ข้อมูลนั้นเขาจะบอกว่า เก็บเกี่ยวเลือดจากตัวอ่อนของวัวหลังจากที่นำตัวอ่อนออกจากวัวที่ถูกเชือด ตัวอ่อนจะตายจากการขาดออกซิเจนโดยอยู่ในสภาพแวดล้อมที่ปลอดภัยของมดลูกเป็นเวลาอย่างน้อย 15-20 นาทีหลังจากวัวตายและแน่นอนว่าต้องให้ข้อมูลว่ามีการเก็บมาภายใต้การดูแลจริยธรรม

และถ้าจะไม่ใช้ FBS ก็ต้องใช้น้ำเลี้ยงสังเคราะห์ที่อัดแน่นด้วย growth factor สังเคราะห์, ยาปฏิชีวนะ, ฮอร์โมน และสารกระตุ้นการเจริญเติบโตแบบเข้มข้น มันคือ Frankenstein Protein เลยก็ว่าได้

ราคาที่แท้จริงไม่ใช่แค่เงิน แต่คืออำนาจต่างหากครับ

เบื้องหลังของ lab-grown meat คือบริษัททุนใหญ่ เช่น Eat Just (เจ้าของ Good Meat) Upside Foods Believer Meats CUBIQ Foods และเบื้องหลังอีกชั้นคือ VC ยักษ์ เช่น SoftBank, Temasek, Bill Gates, Tyson Foods ฯลฯ เริ่มเห็นภาพแล้วใช่ไหมครับ

ทุกเจ้ากำลังเร่งวิจัยเพื่อ “จดสิทธิบัตร” กระบวนการผลิต และพันธุกรรมของเซลล์สัตว์ ใช่จ้ะ… พันธุกรรมของวัว หมู ไก่ หรือแม้แต่ปลา ถูกดัดแปลงพันธุกรรมเพื่อให้เพาะง่าย โตไว อยู่ได้นาน และตอบโจทย์การผลิตในเชิงอุตสาหกรรม

ใครจะเลี้ยงวัวเองแล้วทำเนื้อกินเอง อาจโดนฟ้องในอนาคตว่าไปละเมิดพันธุ์สิทธิบัตรที่บริษัทครอบครอง

ต่อไปนี้ถ้าอยากขายเนื้อ ต้องเป็นเจ้าของห้องแล็บถึงแม้บริษัทเหหล่านี้จะบอกว่า “เราจะ democratize protein” คือทำให้ใครๆ ก็เข้าถึงโปรตีนได้ แต่ความจริงคือ ทุกกระบวนการตั้งแต่เซลล์ต้นแบบ อาหารเลี้ยงเซลล์ ยันเครื่องมือในแล็บ ล้วนมีสิทธิบัตร ใครที่ไม่มี license ก็ผลิตไม่ได้ พูดง่ายๆ ก็คือ…

“ของกินที่โตจากเซลล์ในอนาคตจะต้องมีใบอนุญาตจากบริษัท” ไม่มีแผ่นดินไหน ปลูกเอง กินเอง ได้อีกต่อไป

แล้วมันดีต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมจริงไหม? บริษัทแสนดีต่างๆชอบบอกว่าเนื้อแล็บช่วยลดการปล่อยคาร์บอนจากฟาร์มปศุสัตว์ แต่งานวิจัยของ Oxford, UC Davis และมหาวิทยาลัย Wageningen ชี้ว่า การผลิตเนื้อในห้องแล็บใช้พลังงานสูงกว่าปศุสัตว์จริง หลายเท่า และถ้าไม่ใช้พลังงานหมุนเวียน ก็จะปล่อยคาร์บอนมากกว่าการเลี้ยงวัวแบบดั้งเดิมเสียอีก

ตกลงมันคือ Clean Meat หรือ Clean Lie? Clean Meat ที่เขาโฆษณา อาจจะสะอาดแค่ “ภาพ” แต่องค์ประกอบข้างในคือ… -เซลล์สัตว์ที่ดัดแปลงยีนให้โตเร็ว -น้ำเลี้ยงเซลล์ที่มีสารกระตุ้นการเติบโต, ฮอร์โมน, ยาปฏิชีวนะ -ความไม่โปร่งใสเรื่องกระบวนการผลิต -ไม่มีฉลากบอกผู้บริโภคชัดเจน -ยังไม่มีการทดลองระยะยาวว่า “ปลอดภัยหรือไม่”

พรุ่งนี้ที่ไม่มีเกษตรกรจะเป็นยังไง ถ้าโปรตีนทั้งหมดผลิตในแล็บ แล้วเกษตรกรล่ะ? คนเลี้ยงสัตว์ล่ะ? คนเลี้ยงเป็ดไก่หลังบ้านล่ะ? คนปลูกผัก เลี้ยงวัว ทำฟาร์มแบบพื้นถิ่นล่ะ? ทุกคนจะตกขบวนอาหารของโลกใหม่ เพราะเกมนี้ไม่ได้วัดกันที่คุณภาพ แต่วัดกันที่ “ลิขสิทธิ์”

เรากำลังกินอนาคตที่เราไม่ได้เลือก ในชื่อของ “เทคโนโลยี” ในคราบของ “ทางเลือก” ในความนิยมของ "super food" แต่แท้จริงแล้ว เราอาจกำลังแลก สิทธิการควบคุมอาหาร ไปกับ “คำสัญญาว่าโลกจะดีขึ้น” ไม่ต่างอะไรจากการเอาอาหารไปวางไว้ในห้องแล็บ และล็อกประตูเอาไว้ให้คนไม่กี่คนถือกุญแจ

not your key, not your free เหมือนเพลงที่ผมเขียนไว้ในอัลบั้ม orange cafe ครับ https://youtu.be/k5jUpFXI6Gg?si=4GXOXjYbOpqX9kRb

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ df67f9a7:2d4fc200

Businesses want Nostr, but Nostr is not ready for business. What can be done?

TLDR :

What Nostr brings to business apps…

• Get your brands in front of users with your choice of SEO and Algos that YOU control.
• Access unlimited public user data from across the network without fees or permission.
• Keep your business data private, while "releasing" liability for other data collected by your apps.
• Build one app to reach a diversity of users from across the network, even from other apps.
• Build your own tech and to use it as you wish. No gate keepers or code review process.

Businesses want Nostr.

• Businesses want reliable SEO and socials to put their brands in front of users, rather than arbitrary gate keepers, censoring the marketplace on a whim.
• Businesses want open access to harvest public data for free on a soveregnty respecting network, rather than paying gate keepers for access to user data of questionalble origin.
• Businesses want the freedom to NOT take ownership of certain user data collected by their apps, rather than being liabile for moderation and safe handling on their private infrastructure.
• Busineses want a single open protocol on which to build their apps, with unlimited potential and a diversity of shared users from other apps, rather than multiple siloed networks with difering APIs and demographics.
• Businesses want to own the technology they build and to use it as they wish, rather than submit their code for approval and control by arbitrary gate keepers.

But Nostr is not ready for business.

• Businesses DON'T want proprietary app data stored publicly as signed Nostr events on user specified relays.
• Businesses DON'T want to have to specify, or be constrained by, or even navigate the complexity of Nostr NIP standards for every novel kind of content that their apps generate.
• Businesses DON'T want to "open source" their entire suite of native apps JUST to assure end users that Nostr private keys are being safely handled.
• Businesses DON'T want to have to "rewrite" their entire app backend just to accomodate the Nostr way of "users sign events but dont actually login to your server" auth architecture.
• Businesses DONT want to suffer DDOS from bots and bad actors, or to expose their users to unwanted content, or even to have their own content disappear a sea of spam and misinformation.

Here’s what can be done.

• More tools and services for private business apps to coexist with freedom tech, and even thrive together, on the Nostr network.
• Extensible Webs of Trust algos for discovery and reach into any audience or demographic of trusted users.
• WoT powered standard APIs for exposing content to Nostr (and other business apps) from within a “black box” business app.
• HTTP AUTH (NIP 98) integration for business apps, allowing users to create local content WITHOUT needing discrete signatures or “linked” user accounts.
• Frost compatible “login“ for business apps, allowing users to paste “disposable” nsecs into proprietary clients without fear of their “cold” nsec being compromised.
• Support for “incremental” (and voluntary) adoption of freedom tech into existing business apps, with easy off-ramps for businesses to transfer more and more siloed data onto the “public” network.

Thoughts so far…

@ f839fb67:5c930939

Relays

| Name | Address | Price (Sats/Year) | Status | | - | - | - | - | | stephen's aegis relay | wss://paid.relay.vanderwarker.family | 42069 | | | stephen's Outbox | wss://relay.vanderwarker.family | Just Me | | | stephen's Inbox | wss://haven.vanderwarker.family/inbox | WoT | | | stephen's DMs | wss://haven.vanderwarker.family/chat | WoT | | | VFam Data Relay | wss://data.relay.vanderwarker.family | 0 | | | VFam Bots Relay | wss://skeme.vanderwarker.family | Invite | | | VFGroups (NIP29) | wss://groups.vanderwarker.family | 0 | | | [TOR] My Phone Relay | ws://naswsosuewqxyf7ov7gr7igc4tq2rbtqoxxirwyhkbuns4lwc3iowwid.onion | 0 | Meh... |

---

My Pubkeys

| Name | hex | nprofile | | - | - | - | | Main | f839fb6714598a7233d09dbd42af82cc9781d0faa57474f1841af90b5c930939 | nostr:nprofile1qqs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3us9mapfx | | Vanity (Backup) | 82f21be67353c0d68438003fe6e56a35e2a57c49e0899b368b5ca7aa8dde7c23 | nostr:nprofile1qqsg9usmuee48sxkssuqq0lxu44rtc4903y7pzvmx694efa23h08cgcpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3ussel49x | | VFStore | 6416f1e658ba00d42107b05ad9bf485c7e46698217e0c19f0dc2e125de3af0d0 | nostr:nprofile1qqsxg9h3uevt5qx5yyrmqkkehay9cljxdxpp0cxpnuxu9cf9mca0p5qpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usaa8plu | | NostrSMS | 9be1b8315248eeb20f9d9ab2717d1750e4f27489eab1fa531d679dadd34c2f8d | nostr:nprofile1qqsfhcdcx9fy3m4jp7we4vn305t4pe8jwjy74v062vwk08dd6dxzlrgpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3us595d45 |

Bots

Unlocks Bot

Hex: 2e941ad17144e0a04d1b8c21c4a0dbc3fbcbb9d08ae622b5f9c85341fac7c2d0
nprofile:
nostr:nprofile1qqsza9q669c5fc9qf5dccgwy5rdu877th8gg4e3zkhuus56pltru95qpramhxue69uhhx6m9d4jjuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3ust4kvak
Latest Data:
nostr:naddr1qq882mnvda3kkttrda6kuar9wgq37amnwvaz7tmnddjk6efwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyqhfgxk3w9zwpgzdrwxzr39qm0plhjae6z9wvg44l8y9xs06clpdqqcyqqq823cgnl9u5

Step Counter

Hex: 9223d2faeb95853b4d224a184c69e1df16648d35067a88cdf947c631b57e3de7
nprofile: nostr:nprofile1qqsfyg7jlt4etpfmf53y5xzvd8sa79ny356sv75gehu50333k4lrmecpramhxue69uhhx6m9d4jjuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3ustswp3w
Latest Data:
nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpy3r6tawh9v98dxjyjscf357rhckvjxn2pn63rxlj37xxx6hu008qys8wumn8ghj7umtv4kk2tnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqp3ehgets943k7atww3jhyn39gff

RCTGuest

Hex: 373904615c781e46bf5bf87b4126c8a568a05393b1b840b1a2a3234d20affa0c
nprofile: nostr:nprofile1qqsrwwgyv9w8s8jxhadls76pymy2269q2wfmrwzqkx32xg6dyzhl5rqpramhxue69uhhx6m9d4jjuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usy92jlx

Now Playing

Hex: 8096ed6ba1f21a3713bd47a503ee377b0ce2f187b3e5a3ae909a25b84901018b
nprofile: nostr:nprofile1qqsgp9hddwslyx3hzw750fgracmhkr8z7xrm8edr46gf5fdcfyqsrzcpramhxue69uhhx6m9d4jjuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3uspk5v4w
Latest Data:
nostr:naddr1qq9kummh94cxccted9hxwqglwaehxw309aekketdv5h8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0ypzpqyka446rus6xufm63a9q0hrw7cvutcc0vl95whfpx39hpyszqvtqvzqqqr4gupdk2hd

---

NIP-29 Groups

See here

• Minecraft Group Chat
• nostr:naddr1qqrxvc33xpnxxqfqwaehxw309anhymm4wpejuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usygrzymrpd2wz8ularp06y8ad5dgaddlumyt7tfzqge3vc97sgsarjvpsgqqqnpvqazypfd
• VFNet Group Chat
• nostr:naddr1qqrrwvfjx9jxzqfqwaehxw309anhymm4wpejuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usygrzymrpd2wz8ularp06y8ad5dgaddlumyt7tfzqge3vc97sgsarjvpsgqqqnpvq08hx48

"Nostrified Websites"

[D] = Saves darkmode preferences over nostr
[A] = Auth over nostr
[B] = Beta (software)
[z] = zap enabled

• [DABz] Main Site
• [DAB] Contact Site
• [DAB] PGP Site
• [DAB] VFCA Site

---

Other Services (Hosted code)

• Blossom
  
• NostrCheck
  

---

Emojis Packs

• Minecraft
• nostr:naddr1qqy566twv43hyctxwsq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82nsd0k5wp
• AIM
• nostr:naddr1qqxxz6tdv4kk7arfvdhkuucpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usyg8c88akw9ze3fer85yah4p2lqkvj7qap749w360rpq6ly94eycf8ypsgqqqw48qe0j2yk
• Blobs
• nostr:naddr1qqz5ymr0vfesz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqa2wek4ukj
• FavEmojis
• nostr:naddr1qqy5vctkg4kk76nfwvq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82nsf7sdwt
• Modern Family
• nostr:naddr1qqx56mmyv4exugzxv9kkjmreqy0hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jq3qlqulkec5tx98yv7snk759tuzejtcr5865468fuvyrtuskhynpyusxpqqqp65ujlj36n
• nostriches (Amethyst collection)
• nostr:naddr1qq9xummnw3exjcmgv4esz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqa2w2sqg6w
• Pepe
• nostr:naddr1qqz9qetsv5q37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82ns85f6x7
• Minecraft Font
• nostr:naddr1qq8y66twv43hyctxwssyvmmwwsq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82nsmzftgr
• Archer Font
• nostr:naddr1qq95zunrdpjhygzxdah8gqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0ypzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqvzqqqr4fclkyxsh
• SMB Font
• nostr:naddr1qqv4xatsv4ezqntpwf5k7gzzwfhhg6r9wfejq3n0de6qz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqa2w0wqpuk

---

Git Over Nostr

• NostrSMS
• nostr:naddr1qqyxummnw3e8xmtnqy0hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jqfrwaehxw309amk7apwwfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqyj8wumn8ghj7urpd9jzuun9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqaueqp0epk
• nip51backup
• nostr:naddr1qq9ku6tsx5ckyctrdd6hqqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yqjxamnwvaz7tmhda6zuun9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jqfywaehxw309acxz6ty9eex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yq3gamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwv3sk6atn9e5k7qgdwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkcq3qlqulkec5tx98yv7snk759tuzejtcr5865468fuvyrtuskhynpyusxpqqqpmej4gtqs6
• bukkitstr
• nostr:naddr1qqykyattdd5hgum5wgq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gpydmhxue69uhhwmm59eex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yqjgamnwvaz7tmsv95kgtnjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dspzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqvzqqqrhnyf6g0n2

---

Market Places

Please use Nostr Market or somthing simular, to view.

• VFStore
• nostr:naddr1qqjx2v34xe3kxvpn95cnqven956rwvpc95unscn9943kxet98q6nxde58p3ryqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yqjvamnwvaz7tmgv9mx2m3wweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7f0da6hgcn00qqjgamnwvaz7tmsv95kgtnjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gpydmhxue69uhhwmm59eex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0ypzqeqk78n93wsq6sss0vz6mxl5shr7ge5cy9lqcx0smshpyh0r4uxsqvzqqqr4gvlfm7gu

---

Badges

Created

• paidrelayvf
• nostr:naddr1qq9hqctfv3ex2mrp09mxvqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0ypzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqvzqqqr48y85v3u3
• iPow
• nostr:naddr1qqzxj5r02uq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82wgg02u0r
• codmaster
• nostr:naddr1qqykxmmyd4shxar9wgq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82wgk3gm4g
• iMine
• nostr:naddr1qqzkjntfdejsz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqafed5s4x5

---

Clients I Use

• Amethyst
• nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3cx5urqv3nxymngdphqgsyvrp9u6p0mfur9dfdru3d853tx9mdjuhkphxuxgfwmryja7zsvhqrqsqqql8kavfpw3
• noStrudel
• nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3cxccrvd34xser2dpkqy28wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hsygpxdq27pjfppharynrvhg6h8v2taeya5ssf49zkl9yyu5gxe4qg55psgqqq0nmq5mza9n
• nostrsms
• nostr:naddr1qq9rzdejxcunxde4xymqz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgsfhcdcx9fy3m4jp7we4vn305t4pe8jwjy74v062vwk08dd6dxzlrgrqsqqql8kjn33qm

---

Lists

• Bluesky
  • nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xqpzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqqapxcat9wd4hj0ah0jw
• Fediverse
  • nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xqpzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqp9rx2erfwejhyum9j4g0xh
• Fediverse_Bots
  • nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xqpzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqperx2erfwejhyum9tapx7arnfcpdzh
• My Bots
  • nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xqpzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqz4uh5jnpwscyss24fpkxw4fewafk566twa2q8f6fyk

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Not only can I be my own bank and run a my own lightning bank. I can have private communications with people anywhere on the planet that only the two of us can read. On top of that I can manufacturer items in my office with this very affordable 3d printer.

Just a thought as I'm printing some items for a party we have coming up. I'm watching the print complete from my phone while I work on the back porch.

We live in an amazing time. It is easy to forget this when we are focused on the stupidity we see online.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/945569

@ 3c7dc2c5:805642a8

🧠Quote(s) of the week:

'Let me understand…

I saved 30% of my income in Bitcoin over the last five years at an average price of $30,000. I now have 4.25 years of my income in savings.

Within 5 years, bitcoin goes to $500,000. I now have 25 years of my income in savings. I stop saving at this point and simply live off 100% of my income, avoiding selling any Bitcoin.

Within 15 years, Bitcoin goes to $15,000,000. I now have 750 years of my income in savings. I retire and live on >10x my yearly income for the rest of my life, and pass on generational wealth to my children.

Let me understand… why you didn’t listen to the maxis.' - Bit Paine

🧡Bitcoin news🧡

https://i.ibb.co/1fYbX77F/Go-R7-ZJu-Ww-AA0-Xy-Q.jpg

On the 7th of April:

➡️'Bitcoin has retraced to the 350DMA at ~$76,000! Historically, one of the strongest levels of support for Bitcoin during bull cycles...' - Bitcoin Magazine Pro

➡️ 'Tuttle just filed for a first-of-its-kind ETF: a Double Short MicroStrategy ETF. It aims to profit by shorting both the 2x long ($MSTU) and 2x short ($MSTZ) MSTR ETFs, betting on their decay from daily resets.' - Bitcoin News

➡️3$ billion community bank Union Savings discloses first Bitcoin exposure.

➡️The Rational Root: Bitcoin would have to fall below $64K by next week for the spiral chart to cross the 2021 cycle's first peak (~$64K on Apr 13) Well, that didn't happen. So for now the chart is still valid.

Meanwhile, PlanB was only off by about $320k so far for his April price prediction. Yikes! (I have to admit I fully bought into three S2F models when he came out with it back in 2018)

Personally, I am not fixed on the short-term price, listening to any crypto influencer's "prediction" is like believing in Santa Claus. (Almost) all TA is wrong, very little is useful in the end, and nobody knows shit..including myself.

➡️WHITE HOUSE: “The reserve function of the dollar has caused persistent currency distortions” We’re moving toward a global, distributed, neutral reserve asset for all. You have never needed Bitcoin more than at this moment.

https://i.ibb.co/KckFJTJh/Gn9ae9-XQAEi-1-V.jpg

On the 8th of April:

➡️'Bitcoin's hashrate surpassed 1 zetahash for the first time earlier this week. This means that, in aggregate, miners around the world produced 10^21 hashes per second for some time. 1 sextillion hashes. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.' -TFTC

➡️'Strategy paused Bitcoin buys last week and clarified that shareholders don’t own its BTC. Not your keys, not your coins.' -TFCT Which isn't really news. Common sense: holding exposure, not ownership. "We may be required to sell bitcoin to satisfy our financial obligations, and we may be required to make such sales at prices below our cost basis or that are otherwise unfavorable."

➡️BlackRock expands Bitcoin custody beyond Coinbase. SEC filings reveal Anchorage Digital will safeguard a portion of BTC for BlackRock’s $45B iShares Bitcoin Trust. BlackRock cites the move as part of its “ongoing risk management” and growing presence in digital assets.

➡️Phoenix Wallet is back in the USA. Why are they back?

'We welcome the "Ending Regulation By Prosecution" memo by the US DAG, and the clarity it provides for developers and operators of Bitcoin software. This is consistent with Executive Order 14178 which recognized the importance of "protecting and promoting the ability of individual citizens and private-sector entities alike to [...] develop and deploy software [and] transact with other persons [...] and to maintain self-custody". We are happy to make our products available again in the USA.'

➡️The World Food Program USA now accepts bitcoin! WFP is the world’s largest humanitarian organization and part of the United Nations. Chief Philanthropy Officer says, “Embracing new technologies like cryptocurrency isn’t just a choice—it’s necessary.”

➡️Mastercard partners with Kraken to allow European users to spend Bitcoin at over 150 million merchants worldwide.

On the 9th of April:

➡️VanEck confirms that China and Russia are settling energy trades in Bitcoin. On top of that, the $115 billion VanEck stated on President Trump's tariffs the following: "Bitcoin is evolving from a speculative asset into a functional monetary tool—particularly in economies looking to bypass the dollar and reduce exposure to U.S.-led financial systems."

Meanwhile on the same day...

➡️The United States Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent just ended his speech this morning by saying, “We will take a close look at regulatory impediments to the blockchain, stablecoins, and new payment systems”

➡️Pakistan plans to allocate part of its surplus electricity to Bitcoin mining, Reuters reports.

➡️'In the Swedish Parliament: “No plans for a national Bitcoin reserve – that wouldn’t be wise. We will focus on safe assets that can help us in times of crisis.” A “safe” asset—or an asset to control? Bitcoin is neutral, borderless, and unconfiscatable. It’s the hedge modern nations need.' - BT-Chick

Watch the video here

What are safe assets? Does the S&P have more volatility? US treasuries? haha How can something be more liquid than Bitcoin which trades 24/7/365 on a global scale? What is "safe" is keywords for centralized and controlled. I am not surprised though, they are one of the most conservative countries in the world, HFSP! Tack!

On a side note, Christian Ander on X: "Meeting with an MP on Monday to push the idea of a Swedish Bitcoin reserve. Interest is growing across parties—but still a "no" for now. This has never been discussed this much in Parliament. Clear trend: younger MPs are driving it, and older ones blocking it. Vote accordingly."

➡️The world’s largest credit ratings agency, S&P Global Ratings says, ‘We are focused on Bitcoin. We are focused on its characteristics as an alternative form of money, and the fact it’s decentralized and geopolitically neutral. We are starting to see adoption’ - Reuters Business

➡️Laurastacksats gave a lesson about Bitcoin to an economics class at the University of Bologna, in Italy: the oldest university in the world.

➡️ On this day, Bitcoin accumulation addresses received 48,575 BTC, the largest single-day inflow since February 2022, per CryptoQuant.

On the 10th of April:

➡️'After utterly massive outperformance in the years and decades prior, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway is about even with simply owning gold since 1998, or about 27 years ago.' - Lyn Alden

https://i.ibb.co/cSqWStcC/Go-I-3-J4-Xg-AATd-Jd.png

if you want to understand what interest rates do to investors, this tweet and graph would be a good immediate transmission on the nature of fake economies. Just be like Warren Buffet, without all the work. Just buy and hold a store of value. Bitcoin!

➡️The $30 billion public company founded by Jack Dorsey, Blocks, just released an open-source dashboard to make Bitcoin more accessible and transparent for corporate treasuries, helping lower the operational barriers for companies looking to add Bitcoin to their balance sheets.

➡️'The S&P 500 is as volatile as Bitcoin now, (and a day later) the S&P 500 is now more volatile than Bitcoin. A 77% standard deviation is NUTS, it's normally 10-15%.' - Eric Balchunas

Stocks merely adopted the volatility. Bitcoin was born in it. No more excuses for TradFi for saying Bitcoin is too volatile.

https://i.ibb.co/1GM2ghtQ/Go-La-Pkd-W8-AAJjz-C.png

For those who think Bitcoin is too volatile.

➡️'One of these things is not like the others. Change in currency supply (updated through 2024): bitcoin vs. global reserve currencies.' -Peter Parker https://i.ibb.co/5QjQ7Rf/Go-Mblov-Wk-AAz4-ZN.png

➡️S&P Global: “Bitcoin holdings may provide a hedge against long-term debasement of fiat currency through inflation, due to bitcoin's finite supply. Its value may also be driven by geopolitical factors if its security and decentralized nature lead to its increasing adoption as a reserve asset.”

➡️Parker Lewis: With or without Bessent, the Fed is functionally leveraging the US financial system by draining the system of dollar liquidity. Taking out dollars doesn't make the debt go away. Eventually, it breaks and the Fed will have to print even more money. It goes on and on until...Bitcoin.

https://i.ibb.co/MDNt07WS/Go-MV-Ho-WYAASy-M4.png

➡️Florida's House Bill 487 unanimously passed the House Insurance and Banking Subcommittee, proposing to allow the investment of up to 10% of key public funds in Bitcoin. The bill must now clear three more committees before reaching the full House and Senate for a vote.

➡️US investors are increasingly buying Bitcoin as a hedge against a weakening dollar, reflecting broader concerns about capital exodus from US financial markets, per 10x Research. "it remains premature to adopt a bullish stance."

On the 11th of April:

➡️Pakistan plans to leverage part of its 10,000 megawatts in surplus electricity for Bitcoin mining, per News Desk.

➡️Arizona PASSES Bitcoin Mining Rights Bill! The bill protects anyone running a node or mining digital assets from zoning or usage bans. Voted 17 - 12 in favor!

➡️'Former UK Prime Minister Liz Truss says Bitcoin is “a tool for taking power away from government.” “The bureaucracy knows perfectly well that it is an antidote to their power which is why they hate it.” - Simply Bitcoin

On the 12th of April:

➡️The White House official says. The U.S. may tap gold reserves to buy Bitcoin. If there is any gold in reserve of course! And this is only one senior White House official hinting...

On the 13th of April:

https://i.ibb.co/spBGXChM/Go-Zi7-Ok-XIAAo-B6.jpg

➡️Bitcoin outperforms the NASDAQ in every single timeframe. Bear in mind, that the NASDAQ outperforms the S&P 500, Dow Jones, and Gold. Outperforming short-term in a correction is impressive. Outperforming long-term is simply expected. In the end, everything is going to zero against Bitcoin.

➡️'Trump’s exemption of phones, laptops, and chips from his 145% China tariffs spares HS code 8471, which covers Bitcoin miners. This is a major win for US Bitcoin mining companies, who were staring down crippling price hikes on new rigs.' -Bitcoin News

➡️'The Bitcoin Network just broke ONE SEXTILLION HASHES (1k EH/s) for the first time in history!! 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (one thousand million million million)

https://i.ibb.co/yFd0mJ0M/Gob-O6g-DWMAAj-RJq.jpg

FOR COMPARISON: - There are 1 sextillion grains of sand on Earth. - You could fit 615 earths in a flat layer with an area of one sextillion square centimeters. - There are about 6 sextillion cups of water in all the oceans of the world.

Bitcoin mining power is f* INSANE!' - CarlBMenger

On the 14th of April:

➡️Strategy has acquired 3,459 BTC for ~$285.8 million at ~$82,618 per Bitcoin and has achieved a BTC Yield of 11.4% YTD 2025. As of 4/13/2025, Strategy holds 531,644 Bitcoin acquired for ~$35.92 billion at ~$67,556 per bitcoin.

➡️On the same day, Japanese public company Metaplanet buys 319 Bitcoin for $26.3 million.

➡️'Tether will deploy its existing and future Bitcoin hashrate to OCEAN, the mining pool launched by Bitcoin Core developer Luke Dashjr. Tether says supporting decentralized mining is key to protecting Bitcoin’s long-term integrity.' - Bitcoin News

➡️Publicly traded HK Asia Holdings bought 10 Bitcoin worth $806,671 for its balance sheet.

➡️Public companies added 95,431 BTC to their balance sheets in Q1 2025. 12 new firms joined. Holdings now total 688K BTC worth $57B. - Bitwise

https://i.ibb.co/DPmshn5H/Goh-ONkl-X0-AAp-OVe.jpg

💸Traditional Finance / Macro:

On the 7th of April:

👉🏽The Hang Seng just closed at 19,828, down 3,021 points or 13.2%, officially entering a bear market, down 20% from its March peak. In China, over 2,000 stocks hit the limit down, and the CSI 1000 futures plunged 10%, also hitting its trading halt limit.

On the 8th of April:

👉🏽Apple flies in 5 planes full of iPhones to avoid US tariffs.

👉🏽'THE S&P 500 OFFICIALLY ERASES +4.5% GAIN AND TURNS RED ON THE DAY. $2.3 TRILLION erased over the last 3 hours. On a point basis, the S&P 500 just posted its largest intraday reversal in history, even larger than 2020, 2008, and 2001. You have just witnessed history.' -TKL

On the 10th of April:

👉🏽The amount of SPY calls increased by over 10x literally 10 min before the announcement. It's very obvious that Trump's "now is a good time to buy" tweet was a way for insider traders to have plausible deniability.

https://i.ibb.co/TxpKMrbk/Go-IB-P8-XYAEp-YV5.png

Explanation: SPY is a way to buy/sell the S&P 500. When you buy a SPY 504 call, it gives you the right (for a fee) to buy a stock of SPY from someone at $504 at any time If it goes up to 554, you make (50 dollars - the fee).

Just so non-traders really understand what happened here: Right before the S&P 500 (SPY) suddenly spiked, someone bought a huge number of call options — bets that the index would go up that same day. These were zero-day options, meaning they expire worthless by the end of the day unless SPY rises quickly. At the time, they were almost worthless. Then, SPY shot up. Those dirt-cheap options exploded in value. A $100K bet turned into $21 million in minutes. That green spike before the jump is not luck. It’s foreknowledge. Someone knew exactly what was about to happen.

🏦Banks:

👉🏽 no news

🌎Macro/Geopolitics:

The current state of Macro & Geopolitics can be summed up like this: Everything about current market dynamics is just ‘Madness!’ Economic policy uncertainty is TWICE the level during the Pandemic.

https://i.ibb.co/SXxTRtMt/Go-Vss-Sq-Wg-AEZAP4.jpg

On the 7th of April:

👉🏽A great post by Ray Dalio on X says tariffs are just the start. In the end, it's about a breakdown of the economic/monetary order (excessive global debt) & the global geopolitical order (US vs China). Basically, Trump is forcing the Fourth Turning through.

https://x.com/RayDalio/status/1909296189473693729 https://i.ibb.co/d0JqLqX9/Go-AO57n-W0-AADosd.jpg

I would say we are at stage 13 - 14.

Tariffs are a symptom of bigger problems. Don’t let arguments about tariffs distract us from solving the bigger problems. Also, governments are dysfunctional and life is hard. It’s the controlled demolition of a dying global system built on cheap Chinese labor, Wall Street debt games, and Washington sellouts. Ray sees the Big Cycle turning.

1) The global debt engine is seizing up. 2) The dollar is cornered by its own inflation. 3) The supply chain is a foreign hostage situation. 4) And the (U.S.) middle class got hollowed out so Davos could cash in.

To summarize: - Tariffs are a symptom, not the core issue. - Economic: Unsustainable debt, trade imbalances. - Political: Inequality fuels instability. - Geopolitical: Shift to a multipolar world. - Natural disasters: More frequent, disruptive. - Tech: AI reshapes economies and politics. - Key takeaway: Forces are linked; study history for future insight.

👉🏽On that same day: China restricts exports of seven rare earth metals to all countries.

👉🏽Lobby scandal: Between 2021 and 2023, NGOs received over €7 billion in support from the European budget. The European Court of Auditors has criticized the lack of transparency in EU funding to NGOs. There is a particular lack of reliable information and insufficient oversight. The European Commission funneled billions of euros to NGOs to promote its own policies and discredit opponents, as now also acknowledged by the European Court of Auditors. With a dubious leading role played by Frans Timmermans and Diederik Samsom.

For the Dutch readers:

https://fd.nl/samenleving/1551598/europese-rekenkamer-kritisch-over-financiering-ngos

👉🏽 'When a university with a $53 billion endowment needs to tap the bond market in this environment, it just tells you just how illiquid their investments really are.' -Mr. Vix Or is it just the game that you need to play? It is just a whole lot easier to do a debt raise than go to all stakeholders to adjust the allocation of the AUM, as all is earmarked, it would be a lengthy process.

https://i.ibb.co/mC0x8gdv/Gn8uzrn-Wk-AEJt6-G.jpg

They tapped the bond market in every prior year and they are rated aaa by ratings agencies. It isn’t just a function of the illiquidity of their investments. They hold about $3 billion that could be liquidated in one day or less (according to their financial statements). The real problem is that a vast majority of an endowment is earmarked for specific purposes—not that it is invested in illiquids.

On the 8th of April:

👉🏽President Trump says "China wants to make a deal, badly, but they don't know how to get it started." He also says that "we have the probability of a great deal" with South Korea after a call with their President.

Scott Bessent, US Treasury: Almost 70 countries have now approached us wanting to help rebalance global trade.

Regarding Bessent, read the following: an excellent thread. 'The Bessent Short' explained, so even you and I can understand it.

thread.exceptional.https://x.com/sethjlevy/status/1909634800136212608

This is a very interesting narrative. If this plays out this thinking was exceptional. Another excellent thread on Bessent: https://x.com/timjcarden/status/1910440389217312784

👉🏽 The People's Bank of China injects a net 102.5 billion yuan in open market operations. Hello, liquidity!

👉🏽There is now a 98% chance of a 25 bps interest rate cut by the June FOMC meeting.

👉🏽The White House says 104% additional tariffs on China went into EFFECT at noon ET today because China has not removed their 34% tariff on the US, per Fox News. US Dollar vs. Chinese Yuan is going vertical, meaning China's currency is depreciating swiftly.

China's beginning currency devaluation is more than just an economic signal—it's a trigger. Historically, when the yuan weakens, capital doesn’t stay put. It escapes. Some of it flows into gold, some into foreign assets—and a meaningful slice finds its way into Bitcoin.

https://i.ibb.co/KpKSLrHd/Go-HRen8-Xo-AAOpi-H.jpg

Regarding the US and China theme above one more interesting stat: 'One shipyard in China made more commercial ships in 2024 than the total number the US has produced since World War II. The destruction of America’s industrial base is a massive national security threat.' - Geiger Capital

Now Europe is going to invest € 800billion in their 'Europe Army'. I am not saying we are getting a World War III, but the dynamics are interesting.

From your perspective, why the above statement from a US perspective is a bad one... Mother Russia is building combat vehicles & munitions at “an unprecedented pace" according to a U.S. commander in Europe. A reinvigorated Russian defense industrial base is rolling out:

-1,500 tanks,

-3,000 armored vehicles,

& -200 Iskander ballistic & cruise missiles this year.

By comparison, the U.S. builds just

-135 tanks/yr and

-0 / no longer produces Bradley Fighting Vehicles.

China now boasts the world’s largest -navy, -army, -air force, and -strategic rocket force. China’s robust maritime industry is primed to build and repair ships at a wartime tempo. In a drawn-out conflict, China would have the clear advantage in building, repairing, & maintaining warships at sea.' Source: https://www.19fortyfive.com/2025/04/russia-and-chinas-military-production-surge-why-the-u-s-military-is-alarmed/

https://i.ibb.co/6G1Z6Nw/Gn-Qc-LVXYAAo-NH6-1.jpg

This is why the tariffs are happening still not sure I agree with the blanket nature of them. It sounds like the US does not understand the macro picture very well and is very overconfident. But who am I to judge?

On the 9th of April:

👉🏽'Oil prices fall below $57 for the first time since February 2021 as markets price in a global recession.' -TKL

👉🏽The European privacy legislation GDPR is a bureaucratic monster created by the European Commission, which stifles innovation and causes enormous economic damage — especially to SMEs. After 7 years, it’s finally being seriously reviewed. GDPR should never have been introduced.

Brussels finally admits it: GDPR was an economic disaster. No kidding! Here's why this rollback could save Europe's dying tech scene

Here is a great thread:

https://x.com/itsolelehmann/status/1909924693819461993

And for anyone who wants to explore the topic in depth: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3160404

On the 10th of April:

👉🏽'Lots of headlines and rumors about Trump "asking the Supreme Court to fire Powell." Here's what really happened: President Trump asked the Supreme Court to "let him fire top officials at 2 independent agencies," per Bloomberg. This could test whether Trump has the power to fire Fed Chair Powell. Trump did NOT explicitly ask to fire Powell.' - TKL

👉🏽'Gold closed up 3.3% to $3082, the biggest one-day jump since 2023, as traders anticipate much more fiat devaluation. A couple of hours later... And there it is: gold soars to new record high $3165/oz as global trade war turns to a currency war and global devaluation.' -ZeroHedge

Gold prices are flying off the chart. If you can’t tell yet, something is broken. Capital flight to Gold and CHF happening now. Eventually Bitcoin. These are not signs of winning. These are signs of the mother of all debt crises.

On the 11th of April:

👉🏽ZeroHedge: "Absolutely Spectacular Meltdown": The Basis Trade Is Blowing Up, Sparking Multi-Trillion Liquidation Panic:

https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/absolutely-spectacular-meltdown-basis-trade-blowing-sparking-multi-trillion-liquidation

Explanation: The basis trade is when investors buy Treasury bonds and sell their futures, betting on small price gaps to make money. They often borrow a lot to boost profits, but it’s risky. Right now in April 2025, this trade is crashing, like in 2020. Hedge funds are losing big, selling bonds fast, which spikes Treasury yields and shakes markets. It’s a multi-trillion dollar mess, and some fear it could spark a crisis needing a huge Fed bailout, like last time. The chart likely shows yields jumping, signaling this panic.

👉🏽China raises tariffs on U.S. imports to 125%.

Here’s the real question, who gives up first? 1. President Trump 2. China 3. Bond market At this rate, the 10Y Note Yield will be at 5% next week. Inevitably, one of these 3 factors has to give very soon as this is unsustainable. Anyway... https://i.ibb.co/VYXByy2S/Go-ODsv-OWIAAu-M9v.jpg

👉🏽UK millionaires are fleeing in record numbers. In 2024, the UK ranked second only to China in wealth exodus – ahead of even India. People vote with their feet, and it will happen in Europe, and it is concerning.

Great thread: https://x.com/thealepalombo/status/1910327100286115952

👉🏽US 10Y rises to 4.48%, the largest single weekly increase since 2001. U.S. 30-year treasury yields rise to 4.95%, the weekly increase is the biggest since 1982.

On the 11th of April:

👉🏽European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde: ECB is a ready-to-use instrument it has if needed!

On the same day, FED's Kashkari: The Fed has a tool to provide more liquidity. The Fed is reportedly "absolutely" ready to stabilize the market if needed, per Financial Times. Never discount the power of the bond market or the REPO market.

Coughing and clearing my throat for the people in the back: more liquidity, debt, printing money!

James Lavish: "Choose your phrase for translation:

“All roads lead to inflation.”

“Nothing stops this train.”

“The Fed will print again.”

👉🏽'March PPI inflation FALLS to 2.7%, below expectations of 3.3%. Core PPI inflation FALLS to 3.3%, below expectations of 3.6%. We just saw the first month-over-month decline in PPI inflation, down -0.4%, since March 2024. Both CPI and PPI inflation are down SHARPLY.' -TKL

👉🏽The U.S. budget deficit has risen to $1.3 trillion as government debt interest hits record levels. Data released by the Treasury Department on Thursday showed a deficit of $1.307 trillion for the first six months of the 2025 fiscal year, covering the period from October to March. This was the second-highest fiscal year deficit the U.S. has ever seen, with only the $1.706 trillion deficit in the first half of the 2021 fiscal year being larger.

On the 12th of April: 👉🏽M2 Money Supply going parabolic right now. Bitcoin is going parabolic soon. https://i.ibb.co/FL0W19kB/Go-VLj-Dv-Xk-AAol-Dt.jpg

BTC has tracked M2's movements 80% of the time for the past several years.

👉🏽The US publishes reciprocal tariff exclusions for computers, smartphones, and chip-making equipment. TKL: "Let's put the tariff exemptions into perspective: The US imports approximately $100 billion of computers, smartphones, and chip-making equipment from China PER YEAR. A total of $439 billion of goods were imported from China into the US in 2024. This means ~23% of ALL Chinese imports coming to the US are now exempt from "reciprocal tariffs." This is a massive U-Turn in tariff policy."

The bond market is Trump's #1 priority, and everyone knows it now.

Oh fun note, 2 minutes before the close on Friday someone bought $850,000 worth of SPY 554 calls expiring Monday. This morning the US released tariff exclusions...fascinating innit?

👉🏽If said it before and will say it again. It doesn't matter if the U.S. has a red or blue president. The US government has spent $154 billion more in 2025 than it did over the same period in 2024. Unless treasury yields drop, and fast, no amount of DOGE cutting will stop this from spiraling out of control. https://i.ibb.co/WNVJNxqh/Go-VYumq-Xw-AAod-Sv.jpg

👉🏽RAY DALIO ON DOMESTIC & WORLD ORDER “I think that right now, we are at a decision-making point and very close to a recession. I'm worried about something worse than a recession if this isn't handled well. A recession is two negative quarters of GDP, and whether it goes slightly there, we always have those things. We have something that's much more profound. We have a breakdown of the monetary order. We are going to change the monetary order because we cannot spend the amounts of money.

So, we have that problem. And when we talk about the dollar, and we talk about tariffs, we have that. We are having profound changes in our domestic order, and how ruling is existing, and we're having profound changes in the world order. Such times are very much like the 1930s.

I've studied history, and this repeats over and over again. So, if you take tariffs, if you take debt, if you take the rising power challenging existing power, if you take those factors and look at the factors that those changes in the orders, the systems, are very, very disruptive. How that's handled could produce something much worse than a recession…” - NBCNews

Yes, Bitcoin is the new monetary order, and civilizational infrastructure. Got some Bitcoin?

On the 14th of April:

👉🏽'Global net gold purchases by central banks hit 24 tonnes in February, the most since November 2024. This marks the 20th month of net buying over the last 21 months. Central banks are now on track for their 16th consecutive year of net purchases, according to the World Gold Council. Over the last 3 years, world central banks have acquired a massive 3,176 tonnes of gold. Central banks are buying gold like we are in a crisis.' -TKL

https://i.ibb.co/vvsx4qv9/Goh-TQ-n-WYAAm-6-I.jpg

🎁If you have made it this far I would like to give you a little gift, well in this case two gifts:

In April 2023, Tuur Demeester of Adamant Research published what has become another legendary entry in his line of Bitcoin bear market reports dating back to 2012. These pages aged like wine—as important today as they were 2 years ago. Download it here:

https://www.unchained.com/how-to-position-bitcoin-boom

Lyn Alden of Lyn Alden Investment Strategy explains the connection between the capital and financial imbalances the U.S. has with the rest of the world and its trade imbalances which are under so much scrutiny by the current U.S. administration. Alden argues that turbulence in markets, particularly U.S. assets, could continue, and warns listeners not to be exposed beyond their risk limits at a juncture that could be a historic time for markets and the global economy. Recorded April 10, 2025.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZN_eL_wubQ

Credit: I have used multiple sources!

My savings account: Bitcoin The tool I recommend for setting up a Bitcoin savings plan: PocketBitcoin especially suited for beginners or people who want to invest in Bitcoin with an automated investment plan once a week or monthly.

Use the code SE3997

Get your Bitcoin out of exchanges. Save them on a hardware wallet, run your own node...be your own bank. Not your keys, not your coins. It's that simple. ⠀ ⠀

⠀⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀⠀

Do you think this post is helpful to you?

If so, please share it and support my work with a zap.

▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

⭐ Many thanks⭐

Felipe - Bitcoin Friday!

▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

@ 000002de:c05780a7

She was a special cat. She was a tiny kitten crossing a country road far from any houses. We thought she was a rat at first. We stopped the car and I tried to find her. She was in a thicket hissing at me. She was always full of spunk. I didn't want another cat. I said we'd find her a home. But she quickly burrowed her way into my heart.

She was very vocal and affectionate. She was playful and loved to sneak up on you. She was just to curious and adventurous for her own good. We knew she'd get herself into trouble eventually but never dreamed it would be so soon.

When you open your heart, you are opening yourself up to being loved but also pain. Its bittersweet but worth it. Rest in peace Lucy. I miss that little girl.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/945348

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ต้องขอบคุณระบบ facebook ที่มีระบบการจัดการในการเก็บข้อมูล "แย่มาก" ทำให้การพยายาม search มาแปะรวมกันมันยาก เลยเขียนใหม่เลยแล้วกัน จะได้เอาไปเก็บในทุ่งม่วงด้วยครับ บริบทที่เราจะคุยกันคือ องค์ประกอบของ seed oil เอาแค่ว่ามันมีอะไรแล้วจะกลายเป็นอะไร ส่วนการทอด กับ กระบวนการ AGEs คงจะเขียนถึงต่างหาก เพื่อนๆที่เพิ่งรู้จักเฮีย มาใหม่ หรืออะไรก็แล้วแต่ เริ่มต้นจากการอ่านย้อนทำความรู้จักกันก่อน ก่อนที่จะทะลุถาม ถาม ถาม เข้าใจว่า สุจิปุลิ มันมี ปุจฉา แต่มันไม่ใช่ตัว main โอเคนะ เราคุยเรื่องนี้กันมา 8-9 ปีแล้ว ฝั่งคีโตนี่ถกเรื่อง seed oil จนก้าวข้ามกันไปนานแล้ว อย่าถามหาเลยว่าอะไรดี none of above อะครับ แล้วน้ำมันดีแต่ปรุงอาหารเลว มันก็เลวได้ จะดีก็ฟงหวิน จะเลวก็ฟงหวิน เฮียว่า... ถ้าเดินเข้าซูเปอร์แล้วมองไปที่ชั้นขายน้ำมัน คนส่วนใหญ่น่าจะเลือกหยิบน้ำมันพืชที่ขวดใส ๆ ฉลากบอกว่า “ช่วยลดคอเลสเตอรอล” โดยที่ไม่ได้สงสัยอะไร เพราะภาพลักษณ์มันดูสะอาด ใส เบา สุขภาพดี และยังบอกอีกว่ามีไฟโตสเตอรอลสูง ฟังแล้วเหมือนมันคือฮีโร่ที่เกิดมาเพื่อปกป้องหัวใจเรา แต่เฮียอยากชวนให้ตั้งคำถามนิดนึงว่า… ไฟโตสเตอรอลมันคืออะไร แล้วมันจำเป็นกับร่างกายจริงไหม? คำตอบคือ ไฟโตสเตอรอลมันเป็นสารจากพืชที่โครงสร้างคล้ายคอเลสเตอรอลของเรา แต่ร่างกายไม่สามารถใช้มันได้เลย มันไม่ได้กลายเป็นฮอร์โมน ไม่ได้ช่วยซ่อมผนังเซลล์ ไม่ได้เป็นวัตถุดิบสร้างวิตามิน D แถมเวลามันเข้าไปในร่างกาย มันยังไปแย่งตัวดูดซึมคอเลสเตอรอลดี ๆ ที่เราควรจะได้อีก เหมือนเรากำลังจะกินไข่แดงอุ่น ๆ ที่มีคอเลสเตอรอลดีเต็มไปหมด แต่ไฟโตสเตอรอลดันมานั่งจองที่ก่อน แล้วก็ไม่ยอมให้ไข่เข้าไปนั่งในระบบเรา

ทีนี้บางคนอาจบอกว่า “เอ้า! ดีสิ ลดคอเลสเตอรอลได้” เฮียอยากบอกว่า… ลดไปแบบนั้น มันลดของดีที่ร่างกายต้องใช้ไปด้วย เพราะคอเลสเตอรอลไม่ใช่ผู้ร้ายนะ มันคือสารตั้งต้นของฮอร์โมนเพศ ฮอร์โมนความเครียด วิตามิน D และผนังเซลล์แทบทุกเซลล์ในร่างกาย และที่สำคัญ… คนที่มีคอเลสเตอรอลต่ำเกินไป มักมีภาวะซึมเศร้า ระบบภูมิคุ้มกันตก และมีปัญหาเกี่ยวกับฮอร์โมนแบบไม่รู้ตัวด้วยซ้ำ

น้ำมันพืชพวกนี้... โดยเฉพาะที่โชว์ว่ามีไฟโตสเตอรอลสูง มักจะมาจากเมล็ดพืชราคาถูก ต้องผ่านกระบวนการอุตสาหกรรมหลายขั้น ตั้งแต่บีบ กลั่น ฟอกสี กำจัดกลิ่น แล้วก็ใส่สารป้องกันเหม็นหืน หรือบางแบรนด์ก็ต้องเติมวิตามินอีสังเคราะห์เข้าไป เพราะน้ำมันมันอ่อนแอขนาดโดนอากาศแป๊บเดียวก็เหม็น ทำไมต้องเติม? เพราะถ้าไม่เติม มันจะเหม็นหืนไวมาก ทั้งจากแสง ความร้อน และออกซิเจน ทำให้ขายไม่ออก คนไม่อยากใช้

และเฮียจะเล่าให้ฟังว่า ไอ้ไฟโตสเตอรอลที่โฆษณาว่าช่วยลดคอเลสเตอรอลนั้น ต่อให้จะเห็นผลจริง ๆ ก็ต้องบริโภควันละเป็นลิตรนะ... ใช่ ลิตร ไม่ใช่ช้อนโต๊ะ!

ซึ่งก่อนที่คอเลสเตอรอลในเลือดจะลด ตับของเรานี่แหละจะพังก่อน เพราะต้องขับกรองทั้งไฟโตสเตอรอลและอนุมูลอิสระจากน้ำมันพืชออกไปให้ได้ แต่โฆษณาไม่ได้เล่าแบบนั้นไง...

เพราะอะไรที่ดูดีจากโรงงาน มักไม่ได้ดีต่อร่างกายเท่าอาหารที่ออกมาจากธรรมชาติ นี่แหละเฮียถึงอยากเริ่มซีรีส์นี้ขึ้นมา “น้ำมันพืชขวดใส ในความเห็นของฉัน” เฮียจะพาไปดูทีละขวด ตั้งแต่น้ำมันรำข้าว น้ำมันถั่วเหลือง น้ำมันข้าวโพด น้ำมันดอกทานตะวัน จนถึงน้ำมันเบลนด์ที่รวมกันมั่ว ๆ แล้วเขียนไว้ว่า “ดีต่อใจ” แต่อาจไม่ดีต่อ “ตับ ฮอร์โมน” เท่าไหร่นัก

ใครที่เคยเข้าใจว่าน้ำมันพืชคือของดี อาจต้องกลับมาทบทวนใหม่อีกครั้งว่าข้อมูลจากอีกมุมนึง สมควรแก่การพิจารณาไหม แล้วเดี๋ยวตอนหน้า เฮียจะเล่าให้อ่าน ว่า “น้ำมันรำข้าว” ที่หลายคนเข้าใจว่าดีต่อสุขภาพ จริง ๆ แล้วดีจริงไหม

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

The Eastern Cape is one of South Africa’s most authentic and unspoiled provinces, offering a mix of dramatic coastlines, mountainous interiors, rolling valleys, and vibrant Xhosa culture. It’s the birthplace of legends like Nelson Mandela, and a region where nature and heritage live side by side.

🌄 Top Places to Visit in the Eastern Cape

🐘 Addo Elephant National Park

• South Africa’s third-largest national park
• Home to over 600 elephants, plus the Big Five and even marine life like great white sharks and whales
• Malaria-free and perfect for self-drives or guided safaris

🏄‍♂️ Jeffreys Bay (J-Bay)

• One of the world’s top surfing destinations
• Relaxed beach town with laid-back vibes, beach bars, and shell collecting
• Annual World Surf League event every July

🌊 Wild Coast

• Rugged, untouched coastline stretching from East London to the KwaZulu-Natal border
• Visit the Hole in the Wall, explore Coffee Bay, or hike the Wild Coast Trail
• Traditional Xhosa villages, cows on the beach, and star-filled nights

🏙️ Port Elizabeth / Gqeberha

• Coastal city known for friendly locals and wide beaches
• Visit the Donkin Heritage Trail, chill at King’s Beach, or dive in the Algoa Bay marine reserve
• Gateway to Addo and the Garden Route

🏞️ Hogsback

• Misty forests, waterfalls, and Hobbit-like landscapes (inspired Tolkien!)
• Ideal for hiking, forest bathing, and quiet retreats
• Artistic village with eco lodges, crystal shops, and labyrinths

⛰️ Drakensberg Mountains (Eastern Slopes)

• The far reaches of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg, lesser-known and less crowded
• Great for hiking, rock art viewing, and mountain escapes

🌍 Cultural Experiences

• Qunu & Mthatha – Visit the Nelson Mandela Museum and the village where he grew up
• Experience traditional Xhosa food, music, and village life
• Look out for rondavels (round huts), beadwork, and storytelling traditions

🚙 How to Travel

• The Eastern Cape is best explored by car or guided tours, especially the Wild Coast where roads can be rough
• Flights into Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth) or East London
• Be prepared for off-the-beaten-path adventures—it's part of the charm!

📅 Best Time to Visit

• Spring/Summer (Oct–Mar): Warm weather, great for beaches and outdoor travel
• Winter (Jun–Aug): Mild inland, cooler on the coast, excellent for hiking and safaris
• Year-round destination, depending on your interests

🛶 Must-Do Experiences

• Kayak on the Keurbooms River
• Watch whales and dolphins in Algoa Bay
• Camp, hike, or surf along the Wild Coast
• Immerse yourself in the rural charm and hospitality of the Amathole Mountains

@ edeb837b:ac664163

If you’ve spent any time around stock trading communities, chances are you’ve heard the name Webull pop up more than once. It’s not just another brokerage app—it’s one of the go-to platforms for retail traders across the globe. But what exactly is Webull? Why do so many individual traders prefer it over other platforms? And how does NVSTly take its capabilities even further?

Let’s break it all down.

---

What Is Webull?

Webull is a commission-free trading app that allows users to trade stocks, ETFs, options, and cryptocurrencies from their phones or desktop. Launched in 2017, it quickly gained popularity for its sleek interface, real-time data, and powerful tools—all without the traditional fees associated with many brokerage platforms.

While it’s often compared to Robinhood, Webull caters more to active traders and those who want slightly more advanced tools without the complexity (or costs) of institutional-level platforms.

---

What Can You Do on Webull?

Webull offers a full suite of features for modern traders:

• Commission-free trading for stocks, options, ETFs, and crypto
• Extended trading hours (premarket and after-hours)
• In-depth charting tools with technical indicators
• Fractional shares trading to invest with any dollar amount
• Paper trading for practice without real money
• Level 2 market data (Nasdaq TotalView, subscription-based)
• Custom alerts and watchlists
• Community feed for trade ideas and discussions

Whether you’re a beginner trying to learn the ropes or an experienced trader managing multiple positions daily, Webull is designed to give you an edge.

---

Why Retail Traders Prefer Webull Over Other Brokers

Here are some reasons why Webull has become a fan favorite among retail traders:

✅ Advanced Tools, Simple UI

Unlike many traditional brokers with clunky interfaces, Webull balances powerful tools with a user-friendly design. You get access to real-time quotes, charting with dozens of indicators, and customizable layouts—all wrapped in a clean, modern app.

✅ Free Options Trading

While some platforms charge per contract or per trade for options, Webull offers commission-free options trading, which is a huge win for active options traders.

✅ No Account Minimums

New traders can get started with as little (or as much) money as they want. There are no minimum deposit requirements for standard cash or margin accounts.

✅ Fractional Shares

Webull lets users invest in fractional shares, meaning you don’t need to buy an entire share of high-priced stocks like Amazon or Tesla. You can invest as little as $5 into a stock, making it easier to build a diversified portfolio with any budget.

✅ Paper Trading

Webull gives users a way to test strategies in a simulated environment, which is perfect for learning without risking real money.

✅ Mobile & Desktop Support

Webull’s mobile app is robust, but the desktop version is just as powerful—great for traders who prefer multi-screen setups or deeper analysis.

---

Webull Pros & Cons

✅ Pros

• $0 commissions on stocks, options, ETFs, and crypto
• Clean and intuitive interface
• Real-time data and news
• Built-in paper trading
• Fractional shares
• Support for extended hours trading
• Level 2 market data available

⚠️ Cons

• No mutual funds
• Webull uses a high spread for crypto trading
• Slight learning curve for beginners

---

How NVSTly Supercharges Your Webull Experience

Webull is powerful on its own—but when integrated with NVSTly, it becomes next-level.

NVSTly is the fastest-growing social trading app, where traders can automatically track, share, and analyze their trades, all in one place. Thanks to deep Webull integration, you can now connect your Webull account to NVSTly in seconds.

🔗 Connect in Seconds with a QR Code

Linking your Webull account is as simple as scanning a QR code inside your NVSTly account settings using the Webull mobile app. That’s it—your trades are now synced automatically.

💼 What You Get with NVSTly + Webull

• Auto-tracked trades — No more manual logging or screenshots
• Real-time trade sharing — Followers see your trades as they happen
• Performance analytics — Gain insights into your win rate, risk/reward, and more
• Automate your trade signals — Save time and help followers catch entries earlier, closer to your price
• Trade history dashboards — View and share detailed stats for your trades, with visual breakdowns
• Daily/Weekly/Monthly Recaps — Get beautifully designed trade summaries sent straight to your Discord or social profiles

Whether you’re a solo trader or part of a larger trading community, NVSTly makes it ridiculously easy to share your journey, learn from others, and improve your performance—all while staying 100% focused on the markets.

---

Final Thoughts

Webull has earned its spot as a top-tier brokerage app for retail traders, offering a powerful platform with zero commissions and high-quality tools. When paired with NVSTly, your trading becomes smarter and more connected—automating the way your trades are tracked, shared, and analyzed, so you can focus on the markets while NVSTly handles the rest.

If you’re a Webull user and haven’t connected to NVSTly yet, now’s the time. Your trading deserves more than just a broker—it deserves a platform built to grow with you.

---

Ready to level up your Webull trading?
➡️ Sign in to NVSTly, go to Brokerages & Exchanges in your account settings, click Connect next to Webull, and follow the QR code instructions to link your account in seconds.

Available on web, iOS, Android, & fully integrated with Discord through a unique bot – the only of its kind!

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Addo Elephant National Park is a premier wildlife destination in South Africa's Eastern Cape, located approximately 70 km from Gqeberha (formerly Port Elizabeth). Established in 1931 to protect a small group of elephants, the park has since expanded to become the third-largest national park in the country, encompassing diverse landscapes from the Karoo to the coast.

🐘 Wildlife Highlights

• Elephants:Home to over 600 elephants, the park offers exceptional opportunities to observe these majestic creatures in their natural habitat

• Big Five:In addition to elephants, visitors can encounter lions, leopards, buffaloes, and black rhinos.

• Big Seven:The park's marine section includes great white sharks and southern right whales, making it one of the few places boasting the "Big Seven.

• Other Species:The park hosts a variety of wildlife, including zebras, antelopes, meerkats, and over 400 bird species.

🚙 Activities

• Self-Drive Safaris Explore the park at your own pace on well-maintained road.

• Guided Game Drives Join expert-led tours for in-depth wildlife viewing experience.

• Hiking Trails Discover the park's diverse flora and fauna on designated walking path.

• Bird Watching With a rich avian population, the park is a haven for bird enthusiast.

• Picnic Spots Enjoy meals amidst nature at designated picnic area.

🏨 Accommodation

The park offers various lodging options, including rest camps and luxury lodges like Camp Figtree, catering to different preferences and budges.

🌿 Visitor Tips

• *Malaria-Free: The park is located in a malaria-free zone, making it suitable for families and travelers of all aes.

• *Accessibility: Easily reachable from Gqeberha, it's an excellent addition to a Garden Route itinerry.

• *Conservation Efforts: The park plays a crucial role in preserving South Africa's biodiversity, offering visitors a chance to support and learn about conservation initiaties.

For more information and to plan your visit, you can explore the official SANParks website.

@ 06639a38:655f8f71

Finally there is a release (1.7.0) for Nostr-PHP with a full NIP-19 integration. Here is an example file with some snippets to how it works to encode and decode bech32 encoded entities:

• https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/blob/main/src/Examples/nip19-bech32-decoded-entities.php
• https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/blob/main/src/Examples/nip19-bech32-encoded-entities.php

Now merge request #68 (and issues #74, #64 are closed) is finally merged which I opened in October 2024.

Next up is:

• Create documentation how to use NIP-19 with the library on https://nostr-php.dev
• Create documentation how to use NIP-04 and NIP-44 with the library on https://nostr-php.dev
• Work out a proof-of-concept with the revolt/event-loop package to create concurrent async requests with websocket connections

@ 5188521b:008eb518

Why write a book about time?

My obsession with time actually started when I read An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (written by Ambrose Bierce in 1890).

We can’t play around with time in the real world, but in fiction, anything goes. The story of Owl Creek Bridge follows a Confederate sympathiser condemned to death by hanging. In its three sections, time goes forward and back, speeds up and slows down, and at one point stops entirely. Every time I read it, I feel like I’m physically travelling in time.

I went a bit deeper into the topic back in 2020. Due to the lockdown, I had a lot of time on my hands to do some research. Like many of my stories, this one started with a question: I started to ask ‘what actually is time’?

What did you find out?

I found out that time is a rabbit hole! Nobody knows exactly what it is. We know that it’s conceptual, personal, and malleable, however accurate our watches are. Some philosophers and scientists (Jose Luis Borges and Carlo Rovelli) claim it doesn’t exist.

I guess what I discovered is that we all need time to survive. It’s how we process our experience here on Earth.

Who are the characters in this book?

The book tells the story of Luca Cangemi, an Italian philosophy professor giving a lecture on the subject of time. The chapters follow the possible lives of other characters in the lecture hall. Then, Cangemi makes an astounding discovery. It’s something that allows him to change the fabric of time for everyone (including the readers).

Why use 15 characters to present the story?

I like to challenge readers, so I made the story a bit of a puzzle. In fact, there is something called a 15 puzzle — it’s a block of 15 pictured tiles and one space. You have to slide them to arrange the correctly ordered image. There’s more about the puzzle in the book.

What about the Timechain? Is there any link there?

Not exactly. The book doesn’t mention it, but isn’t everything an analogy for bitcoin? Soon after finishing this book, I got orange pilled and began to read more and more about bitcoin, including Gigi’s fantastic essay Bitcoin is Time.

Time is all we have though. Even though it might be hard to understand, we have to try.

Who do you think would enjoy this book?

I’d say sci-fi fans. Those who aren’t afraid to be challenged. One cool thing about the bitcoin community is that they are dialled in to technical stuff and they are avid readers. Why not give fiction a try too? Sometimes we learn more from getting the answer ourselves through stories.

What are you working on next?

I have three other writing projects on the go, so there is no time to rest. Very soon, I’ll be publishing a children’s book about horrible uncles. I’m editing the next installment of 21 Futures too. Financial Fallout will be out in early 2025. And finally, I’m writing content and newsletters for bitcoin founders and companies. If I’m not trying to sell you a book, I’ll be doing my best to orange-pill you, ha ha.

Thanks for talking with us, Philip, and good look with all those writing projects.

Order the book in our store.

---

Here’s a passage from Fifteen Shades of Time.

The Direction of Everything

Luca Cangemi and everyone he knows will be long dead, but the moment will come. Theoretical physicists believe it will be anywhere from 2.8 to 22 billion years in the future. In that moment, everything reverses.

The Big Crunch is a cosmological event in our future and our past in which the density of matter grows sufficiently that gravitational attraction overcomes the expansion that began with the Big Bang. Entropy reverses and the second law is broken. Chaos retreats.

Order is regained as space contracts. Broken rocks reform and decayed bodies reanimate. We live our lives in reverse, unexperiencing everything we did the first time around, moving backwards, shrinking towards birth. Instead of questions about creation, we search for the harbinger of order. Who began this? What is our final form?

Luca imagines the crowds at his book signings dissipating and the offices of his academic fellowships decreasing in size. Wrong turns are righted and his family grows closer. His briefcase heals itself and he returns it to his mother. Life rewinds back to him as a young boy, unreading the words that inspired him to look for meaning in all of this. If it can all be reversed, are all shared experiences undone? All bonds broken? Luca returns into his parents, then ancestors, apes, microbes, and nothing. The earth, the planets and stars all merge into one perfectly ordered mass.

Yet, this is not an end, but another beginning in which the universe is reborn in another bang. Galaxies, planets, plants, and philosophy professors will live the same lives as they did billions of years before (and after). The process of positive and negative entropy repeats and we all make the same mistakes again.

Time elapsed: the infinitely repeating cycle of a universe

---

Philip Charter is a totally human writer, laser-focused on spreading the gospel of bitcoin and cypherpunk ideals. He is the editor of the 21 Futures anthology series and has published four books of short fiction. After leaving the UK to search for more sun, he now resides in Gran Canaria, Spain.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Iceland is a surreal blend of volcanic power, glacial beauty, and rugged wilderness. From black sand beaches and steaming geothermal pools to massive waterfalls and the magical northern lights, it’s a dream destination for nature lovers and road trippers.

Whether you want to soak in a hot spring, chase waterfalls, hike volcanoes, or just drive through epic landscapes that look straight out of a fantasy film, Iceland has it all.

🧭 Top Things to Do in Iceland

1️⃣ The Golden Circle

The perfect intro loop from Reykjavik: - Þingvellir National Park – Rift valley between tectonic plates + historic parliament site
- Gullfoss – Thundering two-tier waterfall
- Geysir geothermal area – Home of the original geyser (and Strokkur, which erupts every few minutes)

2️⃣ South Coast Highlights

• Seljalandsfoss & Skógafoss – Iconic waterfalls you can walk behind or get soaked by
• Reynisfjara Black Sand Beach – With eerie basalt columns and crashing Atlantic waves
• Sólheimajökull Glacier – Guided glacier walks or ice climbs
• Vík – Quaint village with epic coastal views

3️⃣ Snæfellsnes Peninsula

• Often called “Iceland in Miniature”
• Includes Kirkjufell mountain, lava fields, fishing villages, and coastal cliffs
• Great alternative if you’re short on time but want variety

4️⃣ The Blue Lagoon (or better: Sky Lagoon)

• Iconic milky-blue geothermal spa near the airport
• Sky Lagoon near Reykjavik is newer, less touristy, and has a 7-step ritual sauna-spa experience with ocean views

5️⃣ Chase the Northern Lights

• Best seen September to April
• Get away from city lights and use apps or tours to track them
• Clear skies, cold nights, and some patience = magic

🚗 Epic Road Trip: The Ring Road

• Iceland’s main highway (Route 1) loops the entire island
• Takes about 7–10 days to do well
• You’ll see glaciers, fjords, waterfalls, volcanoes, and maybe even puffins and reindeer
• Rent a campervan or car and take it slow—it’s all about the journey

🍽️ What to Eat in Iceland

• Lamb stew (kjötsúpa) – Warm and hearty
• Plokkfiskur – Creamy fish and potato comfort food
• Skyr – Icelandic yogurt, smooth and protein-rich
• Hot dogs from Bæjarins Beztu – Iconic street food in Reykjavik

🗓️ When to Go

• Summer (June–Aug): Midnight sun, hiking, puffins, easier driving
• Winter (Oct–Mar): Aurora season, ice caves, snowy wonderland
• Shoulder seasons: Fewer crowds, lower prices, unpredictable weather (pack layers!)

✨ Quick Tips

✅ Tap water = some of the purest in the world
✅ Always check road and weather conditions—they can change fast
✅ Download Veður (weather) and SafeTravel.is for safety updates
✅ Book hot springs, ice cave tours, and northern lights hunts in advance during high season

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers!

Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!

A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

So stay a while and listen.

🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨

🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/944844

@ ffbcb706:b0574044

I like to have openletter on the Nostr protocol

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ในยุคที่ใครๆ ก็พูดเรื่อง สิทธิเสรีภาพ จะมีใครรู้บ้างว่า สิ่งที่เรากินทุกวัน กลับกำลังเข้าสู่ยุค ไร้สิทธิในการรับรู้ โดยเฉพาะเมื่อพูดถึงสิ่งที่เรียกว่า “GMO 2.0”

ใช่แล้วครับ GMO 2.0 หรือ synthetic biology ไม่ใช่ข้าวโพด BT, ไม่ใช่ถั่วเหลืองต้านยาฆ่าหญ้าแบบเดิม แต่มันคือ “พืชที่ถูกดัดแปลงพันธุกรรมแบบไม่มีรอยแผล” คือการใช้เทคโนโลยี CRISPR-Cas9, TALEN หรือ ZFN เข้าไป “ตัดต่อยีน” ภายในพืช โดยไม่ต้องใส่ยีนแปลกปลอมจากสิ่งมีชีวิตอื่น

ถ้าจำได้ ที่ผมเคยแชร์เรื่องการสร้างหมาป่า Game of Thrones และกำลังทำแมมมอธ อยู่นั่นละครับ CRISPR คือเทคโนโลยีที่เขาใช้ ผมเคยโพสไว้ว่า ผมสนใจเรื่องสัตว์นะ แต่ผมมีเรื่องกังวลควบคู่มาด้วย นี่คือเรื่องที่ผมบอกไว้ครับ

เพราะการสร้างสิ่งเหล่านั้นมันฟังดูดีใช่ไหมครับ? แต่ปัญหาคือ...มันดีจนไม่ต้องถูกเรียกว่า GMO นี่คือกลยุทธ์ใหม่ของอุตสาหกรรมพันธุ์พืช เพราะในหลายประเทศ เช่น สหรัฐฯ แคนาดา และแม้แต่ญี่ปุ่น กฎหมายไม่ถือว่า CRISPR เป็น GMO ถ้าไม่มีการนำยีนจากสิ่งมีชีวิตอื่นมาใส่เข้าไป

พูดง่ายๆ คือ “ตัดแต่งยีนจากของตัวเอง ยังไม่เรียกว่า GMO” แต่ผลที่ออกมา... อาจเปลี่ยนทั้งระบบการเติบโตของพืช เปลี่ยนลักษณะอาหาร เปลี่ยนภูมิคุ้มกัน และเปลี่ยนการควบคุมอำนาจในห่วงโซ่อาหารโลก

แล้วการที่ไม่ต้องติดฉลาก ไม่ต้องแจ้งผู้บริโภค นี่คือสาระสำคัญ!!!! เพราะเมื่อมันไม่ใช่ GMO ในทางกฎหมายก็ไม่มี “ภาระในการแจ้งผู้บริโภค” ใครกินพืช CRISPR เข้าไป ก็จะไม่รู้เลยว่า...นี่คือพันธุ์ที่ผ่านการดัดแปลงระดับ DNA มาแล้ว

ลองคิดดูครับว่า นี่เรากำลังถูกดันเข้าสู่ยุคที่ “มะเขือเทศหวาน” หรือ “ข้าวที่แข็งแรงทนแล้งดี” หรือ "พืชที่สะสมโปรตีนวิตามินที่ใส่สารละลายไว้ในตัว" อาจจะผ่านการตัดต่อพันธุกรรม แต่คุณไม่มีทางรู้ เพราะมันไม่มีทางตรวจพบจากฉลาก หรือการทดสอบดีเอ็นเอปกติ

คำถามคือ ใครควบคุม? ใครได้ประโยชน์? คำตอบเหมือนเดิมละครับ บริษัทยักษ์ใหญ่ที่จดสิทธิบัตรไว้ก่อนไง 5555

ในระบบ GMO 1.0 อุตสาหกรรมเคยพยายามผูกขาดพันธุ์โดยใช้สิทธิบัตร แต่ผู้บริโภคยังสามารถรู้และต่อต้านได้ แต่ GMO 2.0 มาแบบ “เงียบกว่า แหลมคมกว่า และควบคุมง่ายกว่า”

ยกตัวอย่างเช่น ข้าวโพด CRISPR จากบริษัท Corteva (เจ้าของเดิมคือ DowDuPont) สามารถสร้างพันธุ์ที่ “โตไว แห้งเร็ว เก็บเกี่ยวได้เร็วกว่าเดิม” แต่พันธุ์นี้มีสิทธิบัตรคุ้มครองแบบเบ็ดเสร็จ แถมไม่มีข้อผูกมัดในการแจ้งข้อมูลกับผู้บริโภคด้วย

ในส่วนของความเสี่ยงที่ใครก็ไม่กล้าพูดถึงก็มีอีกนะครับ เช่น -การตัดต่อยีนแม้จะไม่ใส่ยีนใหม่ แต่ก็สามารถเกิด off-target effect หรือผลกระทบที่ไม่ได้ตั้งใจได้ -ยีนที่ถูกตัดออกอาจมีหน้าที่สำคัญด้านภูมิคุ้มกันหรือสมดุลภายในพืช ซึ่งส่งผลถึงโภชนาการของผู้บริโภค -การกระจายของพันธุ์ CRISPR โดยไม่ต้องผ่านการควบคุม อาจทำให้พืชดั้งเดิม สูญพันธุ์ทางพันธุกรรม เพราะถูกแทนที่แบบเงียบๆ

แล้วเกษตรกรล่ะ? จะรอดไหม? คำตอบคือ รอดยากขึ้นครับ หรือจะเรียกไม่มีทางรอดดีโหดไปไหม? เพราะ GMO 2.0 ไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องการดัดแปลงพันธุกรรม ถ้ามองภาพกว้างกว่านั้น มองโครงสร้างเลยนี่มันคือการสร้าง “ระบบใหม่ในการผูกขาดพันธุ์” ที่มองไม่เห็น เป็นการล็อกพันธุ์พืชด้วย “สิทธิบัตรโมเลกุล” ซึ่งเกษตรกรไม่สามารถเซฟพันธุ์ไว้ปลูกต่อได้ เพราะละเมิดกรรมสิทธิ์ ต้องเช่าใช้หรือ subscribe ไปตลอดชีวิต มีหน้าที่แค่หน่วยปลูกเท่านั้น

ขณะที่พันธุ์พื้นบ้านหรือพันธุ์เปิดกลับไม่สามารถแข่งขันกับพันธุ์ดัดแปลงเหล่านี้ได้เลย เพราะถูกออกแบบมาให้ “ตอบโจทย์ตลาด” แต่ไม่ใช่ “ตอบโจทย์ดินฟ้าอากาศจริงๆ” แบบเกษตรวิถีเดิม

แล้วในโลกหลัง GMO 2.0 จะเหลืออะไรให้เราปลูก? นี่ไม่ใช่การต่อต้านเทคโนโลยีนะครับ ทุกคนเข้าใจดีว่าเราต้องเติมโตและมีการพัฒนา แต่คือคำถามเรื่อง สิทธิในการรู้ สิทธิในการเลือก และ สิทธิในการรักษาพันธุกรรมของพืชพื้นบ้าน มันอยู่ตรงไหนก่อน

เพราะเมื่อเราถูกเปลี่ยนพันธุ์แบบไม่รู้ตัว วันหนึ่ง เราอาจต้องซื้อเมล็ดพันธุ์ทุกปีจากบริษัทเพียงไม่กี่ราย ปลูกอาหารในระบบที่เราควบคุมไม่ได้ และกินอาหารที่ไม่มีใครกล้ารับรองว่า “ดั้งเดิม” จริงหรือเปล่า

ดังนั้นมันจึงถึงเวลาตั้งคำถามใหม่... ว่า real food ของเรายัง real อยู่ไหม?

ในยุคที่แม้แต่มะเขือเทศก็ถูกเปลี่ยนยีน และข้าวโพดก็ถูกออกแบบมาให้เก็บเกี่ยวเร็วขึ้น แต่ไม่งอกได้อีกเลย คำถามไม่ใช่แค่ “อร่อยไหม” หรือ “หวานแค่ไหน” แต่คือ

“เราเหลือสิทธิ์อะไรกับอาหารที่เราปลูกบ้าง?”

สิ่งนี้มันเกิดขึ้นไปแล้วครับ นี่ยังไม่ได้พูดถึงผลกระทบจากการกิน เพราะมีหลายๆคนแฮปปี้ดี๊ด๊าไปมากมาย กับสตอเบอรี่หวานฉ่ำ เมลลอนหอมฉุย กล้วยใบงาม กินแล้ว "healthyyyyy" อะตรงนั้นผมไม่แย้งแล้วกัน

ซีรีย์นี้เลยให้มองผลของการถูกจองจำครับ กบชอบอาบน้ำอุ่นเสมอ

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

"Satoshi is not me." #ตัวหนังสือมีเสียง

เพลงนี้เรียกได้ว่าเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของคอนเสปอัลบั้มนี้เลยครับ ผมเลยเอาชื่อเพลงนี้เป็นชื่ออัลบั้มไปด้วย

มันเริ่มจากการที่คนชอบคาดคะเนกันไปว่า ใครคือ satoshi nakamoto ตัวจริง แล้วก็มีสารพัดทฤษฎีออกมา ค้นคว้ากันไปถึง กระทู้ที่คุยกันใน mailing list สมัยนั้นเลยเชียว

มีคนนึงที่ไม่พลาดโดนมองว่าเป็น satoshi นั่นคือ Jack Dorsey (nostr:npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m) ผู้ร่วมก่อตั้ง twitter แล้วยิ่งเขาลงมาในทุ่งม่วงและสนับสนุน บิทคอยน์ เต็มตัวรวมถึงไปร่วมงานคอนเฟอร์เรนซ์บิทคอยน์ด้วย นั่นยิ่งทำให้คนพูดกันหนาหูขึ้น

ในปี 2020 Dorsey ได้ให้สัมภาษณ์กับ Lex Fridman โดยเมื่อถูกถามว่าเขาคือ Satoshi Nakamoto หรือไม่ เขาตอบว่า "ไม่ และถ้าผมเป็น ผมจะบอกคุณไหมล่ะ?"

นี่หละครับ ประโยคที่ผมรู้สึกว่า น่ารักและเอามาขยายความเป็นความจั๊กจี้ได้โรแมนติกดี แถมมันเข้ากับประโยคที่พวกเรามักใช้ว่า we’re all Satoshi

ทำให้คำว่า Satoshi is not me เลยกลายเป็นมุมกลับที่จั๊กจี้ดี ในความคิดผม

ผมเลยเริ่มจากการร่างไว้ว่า ท่อนฮุคของเพลงจะต้องมีคำว่า "Satoshi is not me" บังคับตัวเองไว้ก่อนเลย ฮาๆๆๆ

เพลงจะกล่าวถึงบรรยากาศโรแมนติกสบายๆผ่อนคลาย หนุ่มสาวเดินไปตามชายหาดด้วยกัน หัวเราะหยอกล้อ

เนื้อเพลงพยายามซ่อนการเปรียบเทียบเป็นนัยยะ ตามความต้องการแรกในการทำอัลบั้มนี้คือ ถ้าไม่โดนยาส้มไว้ ก็ยังฟังได้แบบสบายๆ ตามประสาเพลงบอสซาทั่วไป แต่ถ้าโดนยาส้มแล้ว อาจจะฟังแล้วรู้สึกถึงอีกมุมที่เป็นปรัชญาบิทคอยน์ได้

เรียกว่าไม่อยากเอา core code มาเขียนเพลงนั่นละครับ

เราเริ่มด้วยการวางฉากให้สบายๆชายทะเล ประสาความบอสซาโนวาก่อน ด้วยท่อนแรก In the cool of evening, beneath the twilight trees, We sway with the ocean, feeling the summer breeze, There's a whisper in the air, oh so tender, so free, ยามเย็นอ่อนลม ใต้พฤกษาเวลาโพล้เพล้ เราสองตระกองกอดไปกับคลื่นทะเล ลมฤดูร้อนพัดพาเสียงเล่าเบา ๆ

ก่อนจะลงท่อนปิดด้วยประโยคว่า You smile and softly whisper, "Satoshi is not me." เธอยิ้มแล้วกระซิบว่า "ฉันไม่ใช่ซาโตชิ"

แต่ผมก็ยังพยายามแทรกเรื่องของบิทคอยน์และเบื้องหลัง fiat money เอาไว้ด้วยนิดนึง Soft waves kiss the sand, like a gentle dream, With every step we take, there's a secret melody, คลื่นเคล้าหาดเบา ๆ ดุจฝันที่ละมุนละไม ทุกก้าวที่เราย่างไว้ ล้วนมีท่วงทำนองแอบแฝงอยู่ ฮาๆๆๆ คือกำลังพยายามบอกว่า ความราบรื่นในชีวิตเราทุกวันนี้ เราอาจรู้สึกสวยงาม แต่จริงๆแล้วทุกๆก้าวย่างของเรา ถูกกำหนดด้วยความลับบางอย่างอยู่

จากนั้นก็ปูเข้าสู่ทางรอด คล้ายๆกับชักชวนมาสร้างโลกที่หลุดพ้นจาก fiat In the world we're crafting, where our hearts feel light, We find our own rhythm, in the still of the night, No need for grand illusions, or some wild decree, มาระบายเมืองด้วยสีสันที่สดใสด้วยหัวใจแห่งเสรี เราสร้างท่วงทำนองของเรา แล้วเต้นใต้เงาจันทร์ จนแสงรุ่งทาบฟ้าอีกครา ไม่จำเป็นต้องมีมหากาพย์ภาพลวงตา หรือประกาศิตอันยิ่งใหญ่ใด

ก่อนจะจบผมวางท่อง bridge ไว้โดยมีประโยคว่า No chains to bind us, just a heartfelt plea, ไร้พันธนาการใดมาควบคุมเรา มีเพียงคำขอเบา ๆ จากใจที่แท้จริง เพื่อแสดงความปลดแอกอะไรบางอย่าง

ทีนี้ยังมีลูกเล่นในแต่ละท่อน ที่ใช้คำว่า "Satoshi is not me." ด้วยนะครับ ผมเอามาเรียงกันให้ตามนี้ You smile and softly whisper, "Satoshi is not me."

You laugh and then you tell me, "Satoshi is not me."

With your hand in mine, love, "Satoshi is not me."

You softly keep reminding, "Satoshi is not me."

Embrace the simple truth, “Satoshi is not me.”

คือเป็นการหยอดความโรแมนติกนิดหน่อย ว่าเชื่อเค้าเหอะนะ เค้าไม่ใช่ Satoshi ด้วยการใช้ประโยคต้นที่ขยับแรงขอร้องมากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ

หวังว่าหลังจากนี้เวลาฟังเพลงนี้จะจั๊กจี้แบบที่ผมนึกสนุกตอนเขียนนะครับ ฮาๆๆๆๆ 🎶 youtube music https://youtu.be/g8oyZQ_lTa0?si=kS7ga_TxmFnPOmwR

🟢 spotify https://open.spotify.com/track/69GOSGMrma3BONKG8l5wpN?si=c0e6711c7a994011

💽 tiktok ค้นหา Heretong Teera Siri เลือกแผ่นเสียงไปทำคลิปได้เลยครับ

Lyrics : Satoshi is not me [Verse] In the cool of evening, beneath the twilight trees, We sway with the ocean, feeling the summer breeze, There's a whisper in the air, oh so tender, so free, You smile and softly whisper, "Satoshi is not me."

[Vers 2] We walk along the shoreline, while the stars start to gleam, Soft waves kiss the sand, like a gentle dream, With every step we take, there's a secret melody, You laugh and then you tell me, "Satoshi is not me."

[Chorus] In the world we're crafting, where our hearts feel light, We find our own rhythm, in the still of the night, No need for grand illusions, or some wild decree, With your hand in mine, love, "Satoshi is not me."

[Verse 3] Let’s paint the town in colors, of freedom and delight, Dance in moonlit shadows, till the break of daylight, In this realm of wonder, where we both can be, You softly keep reminding, "Satoshi is not me."

[Bridge] Beneath the starlit canopy, where dreams softly align, We live for the moment, leave the rest behind, No chains to bind us, just a heartfelt plea, Embrace the simple truth, “Satoshi is not me.”

[Chorus] In the world we're crafting, where our hearts feel light, We find our own rhythm, in the still of the night, No need for grand illusions, or some wild decree, With your hand in mine, love, "Satoshi is not me."

pirateketo #siripun

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

Ever since becoming a Christian, I have whole-heartedly believed the Bible and that God will fulfill what He has promised. On the other hand, for the majority of the time I have been a Christian, I have dreaded reading prophecy. It seemed so hard to understand. Some is couched in figurative language, but I now believe much of it was hard to understand because there were no words for the technology and systems that would come into being and fulfill these predictions.

Now reading End times prophecy, like in Revelation, Daniel, Matthew 24-25, 2 Thessalonians, Zechariah, etc. the prophecies are starting to sound like the evening news instead of some poetic mystery. These predictions are making more and more sense as the technology and world politics begin to align with the prophecies. I have gone from hating when I get to prophecy passages, especially Revelation, in my Bible reading, to spending extra time reading these passages and seeing how they line up and clarify each other. (I really want to start a project linking all of the end-times prophetic passages together to see how they clarify each other and try to see the big picture, but that is a massive project and time is in short supply. The only way I know to do it is in Excel, but that isn’t efficient. If anyone has a suggestion for a better way to link and show relationships, I’d love to hear about it, especially if it is free or very cheap.)

Matthew recounts Jesus telling His disciples about what to expect in the end times. Although Matthew 24 describes more of the details of the events that happen, this passage in Matthew 25 describes the importance of watching expectantly for the signs of the times, so we are ready.

“Then the kingdom of heaven will be comparable to ten virgins, who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish, and five were prudent. For when the foolish took their lamps, they took no oil with them, but the prudent took oil in flasks along with their lamps. Now while the bridegroom was delaying, they all got drowsy and began to sleep. But at midnight there was a shout, ‘Behold, the bridegroom! Come out to meet him.’ Then all those virgins rose and trimmed their lamps. The foolish said to the prudent, ‘Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.’ But the prudent answered, ‘No, there will not be enough for us and you too; go instead to the dealers and buy some for yourselves.’ And while they were going away to make the purchase, the bridegroom came, and those who were ready went in with him to the wedding feast; and the door was shut. Later the other virgins also came, saying, ‘Lord, lord, open up for us.’ But he answered, ‘Truly I say to you, I do not know you.’ Be on the alert then, for you do not know the day nor the hour. (Matthew 25:1-13) {emphasis mine}

Many Christians think studying prophecy is not useful for today, but that is not true. Our time is short and Jesus warned us to be aware and ready. We can’t be ready for something if we know nothing about it.

In this passage it mentions that “while the bridegroom was delaying, they all got drowsy and began to sleep.” How often do we feel the delay and begin to rest or get distracted by other things? Most Christians do not live like Christ’s return is imminent. Although we can’t know the hour or the day, we can know that we are closer to that hour than we have ever been before. Peter warns us not to doubt Christ’s coming or to become focused solely on our earthly lives.

Know this first of all, that in the last days mockers will come with their mocking, following after their own lusts, and saying, “Where is the promise of His coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all continues just as it was from the beginning of creation.” (2 Peter 3:3-4)

Because Jesus has not returned for almost 2,000 years, many act as if He will never come, but that long wait instead suggests the time is nearing because God never breaks His promises.

For when they maintain this, it escapes their notice that by the word of God the heavens existed long ago and the earth was formed out of water and by water, through which the world at that time was destroyed, being flooded with water. But by His word the present heavens and earth are being reserved for fire, kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.

But do not let this one fact escape your notice, beloved, that with the Lord one day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years like one day. The Lord is not slow about His promise, as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing for any to perish but for all to come to repentance. (2 Peter 3:5-9) {emphasis mine}

The long wait is due to God’s unfathomable mercy and patience, but we should also realize that the increase of evil in the world cannot continue forever. How much more can evil increase before mankind destroys itself? God claims judgement for Himself and finds every kind of sin abhorrent. If we are distraught over the sin in the world today, how much more awful is it to a holy, perfect God to see His very own creation destroyed by sin?

Just as the ten virgins became tired waiting, we tend to get caught up in the things of this world instead of focusing on God’s plan for us and the world. We act as if this world is the only thing we will experience instead of preparing for our rapture to heaven. We focus on our job, our homes, and our families (all good things) and miss the most important things — winning souls for heaven.

Just as Jesus gently reprimanded Martha for having the wrong focus:

But Martha was distracted with all her preparations; and she came up to Him and said, “Lord, do You not care that my sister has left me to do all the serving alone? Then tell her to help me.” But the Lord answered and said to her, “Martha, Martha, you are worried and bothered about so many things; but only one thing is necessary, for Mary has chosen the good part, which shall not be taken away from her.” (Luke 10:40-42) {emphasis mine}

In the same way, we get focused with the business of life and miss the most important stuff. It wasn’t bad of Martha to take care of her guests, but sitting with Jesus and learning from Him was more important. In the same way, our jobs, families, and homes are good things and we should do them well, but reading our Bibles, praying, growing closer to Jesus, and sharing the Gospel with those who don’t know Jesus is better.

When we believe that our time on earth is short and Jesus is coming for us soon, we are more likely to focus on the most important things — the eternal things.

This passage in Matthew 16 describes the importance of us knowing, understanding, and looking for the signs of the times.

The Pharisees and Sadducees came up, and testing Jesus, they asked Him to show them a sign from heaven. But He replied to them, “When it is evening, you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red.’ And in the morning, ‘There will be a storm today, for the sky is red and threatening.’ Do you know how to discern the appearance of the sky, but cannot discern the signs of the times? An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign; and a sign will not be given it, except the sign of Jonah.” And He left them and went away. (Matthew 16:1-4) {emphasis mine}

Christians that believe studying end times prophecy is not important would be rebuked even today by Jesus. We are supposed to study and learn and prepare and watch eagerly for His return.

In Revelation, God says we are blessed if we hear and heed the words of this prophecy.

The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave Him to show to His bond-servants, the things which must soon take place; and He sent and communicated it by His angel to His bond-servant John, who testified to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, even to all that he saw. Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of the prophecy, and heed the things which are written in it; for the time is near. (Revelation 1:1-3) {emphasis mine}

Do you seek God’s blessing? Then study God’s prophecies, especially as written in Revelation. God is good and He has shown His children what will happen, so they can be prepared. Don’t be like the five foolish virgins who were unprepared. Study the Scriptures. Look for the signs. Be ready for our Savior’s return by inviting as many people as possible to join us.

Trust Jesus.

FYI, I hope to write several more articles on the end times (signs of the times, the rapture, the millennium, the judgement, etc.).

@ 91266b9f:43dcba6c

"No," I said, "you've got no right."

Sergeant Curtis sighed. "Come on, Mister Alton, I need you to work with me here."

"No," I said. "Absolutely not."

"He did it," shouted Mavis Harris, my recently new neighbor, leaning over the garden fence. "I saw him! He had a knife, a carving knife. And I heard the screaming and the shouting! He did it!"

"Thank you, Miss Harris," said Sergeant Curtis. "We've got it from here."

We were in my beautifully manicured backyard, sweating under the midday sun, along with six other police officers--all of them armed with shovels, ready to dig.

"This is an invasion of my privacy and I won't have it," I said.

"If you just tell us where your wife is we can get this all cleared up," he said.

"I'm not married," I said. "I've never been married."

Sergeant Curtis chewed on that for a bit, while he did the same to his bottom lip. "Girlfriend then. Partner?"

"I have no girlfriend. No partner. There's nobody at all," I said.

But there was. Sort of. Cindy, wonderful, difficult Cindy.

"He's lying!" said Mavis Harris. "I've seen her. Through the window. One time I called by when he wasn't here and she was just sitting in there, not moving. Wouldn't even answer the door. She must've been terrified, the poor girl. I bet he had her tied to the chair!"

That was absurd. Cindy wasn't into that kind of thing. I would never tie her to a chair and leave the house. That's crazy talk.

"We've got more than one eyewitness that says there's been a woman in the house with you," said Sergeant Curtis. "How about we get this woman on the phone, clear this up?"

"I can't make the impossible happen, Sergeant," I said, stiffly.

My back door opened and Constable Jenkins stepped onto the verandah. "Got a carving knife missing from a set of six," he said.

"I told you, he went after her with a knife!" said Mavis Harris.

She was right. Things had got heated. Words were said. The knife had made an appearance. There had definitely been some stabby-cutty action. Much to my dismay. I hated that it happened. I guess I was going to have to live with the damage.

Sergeant Curtis sighed. "This isn't looking good, Mr Alton."

"I bet he put her under the roses!" said Mavis Harris. "That's where I saw him heading with the body!"

"Alleged body," I muttered.

"Jenkins, any sign of blood in there?" said Sergeant Curtis.

"None whatsoever," said Jenkins. "Not even under black light. Couldn't spot any in the garden either."

"He must have cleaned it up," said Mavis. "Bleach. Bleach will clean up anything. And I saw him, I saw him carry her out and she had what looked like a knife sticking out of her chest!"

"Last chance, Mr Alton," said Curtis, "let's get this lady friend of yours on the phone and clear this up."

"I told you, I can't do the impossible," I said.

"Then you're leaving me no choice," he said.

He turned and nodded at the waiting officers with their shovels. "Start with the rose garden," he said.

They rolled up their sleeves with obvious relish and got to work.

"This is destruction of private property," I said. "When you're done, every rose petal, every grain of soil, better be back exactly as it was. Or you'll be dealing with my lawyer."

"Don't worry," said Sergeant Curtis, "I assure you everything will be put back as we found it. Whether we uncover anything or not."

As we watched the officers desecrate my rose garden, Sergeant Curtis said, "You know there's probably a few million square kilometers of country, forests, lakes, beaches, and do you know where most killers bury their wives or husbands? On their own property, right in their own backyard."

"Convenience trumps everything, I suppose," I said.

"Laziness," said Sergeant Curtis, "most casual criminals are just bone lazy."

"Or," I said, "they maybe wanted to keep their loved ones close."

Sergeant Curtis looked at me, eyes narrowed. "Is that what it is? You kill them, but somehow you want to keep them close?"

I shrugged. "Things happen. But you still love them. Maybe, you want them to be close to home," I said.

Curtis glared at me.

After a while Constable Jenkins climbed out of the rose garden and moped his sweating forehead with his sleeve. "Nothing here," he said. "This soil is pretty solid, hasn't been dug up in a while."

"The other rose bed," said Mavis Harris, "he must have used the other rose bed, beside the shed."

Damn that woman, why won't she keep her mouth shut?!

Constable Jenkins went over and stabbed his shovel into the dirt a few times. "Yeah," he said, "this has been dug up recently."

"Okay," said Sergeant Curtis, "get to it."

"I really must protest," I said. "This is a violation of my rights!"

"I'm sure we'll be done soon enough," said Sergeant Curtis, with a tight smile.

I turned and stared daggers at Mavis Harris, who haughtily thrust her nose and chin in the air, a smug smile on her face. Damn that woman and her meddling ways!

The officers found my second rose garden easier going. They were at it about twenty minutes when Constable Jenkins suddenly said, "Jesus Christ!"

"What, what is it?" said Sergeant Curtis, coming to attention.

"I ... I don't know," said Jenkins. "Hang on ..." He scraped at the dirt and then leaned over, grabbed something and lifted it out of the dirt.

A leg.

"Jeezuz," said Jenkins, letting the leg drop back into the soil. "I think we found her!"

"I knew it," said Mavis Harris. "I told you! Didn't I tell you? He did it! He killed her!"

They worked quickly now, gently digging and scraping away dirt until they could lift her other leg out. My beautiful Cindy doll.

"We've got a knife," said Jenkins, "but it's ... it's ..."

He turned to look at me, his face twisted in disgust.

"What is it?" said Curtis.

Jenkins swallowed, hard. "It's ... the knife, it's ... it's stabbed ... up between her legs, if, uh, if you know what I mean."

"Oh my god, you absolute monster," said Mavis Harris, clutching the neck of her blouse.

I sighed. They had no right. No right. This was a private matter. It was nobody's business but mine and Cindy's. We would work it out, Cindy and me. We always did.

"Okay," said Curtis, "get her out of there, quick! Check for a pulse, just in case."

"She's gone, Sarge," said Jenkins. "She's stone cold dea--wait, hang on a second."

He did some more digging and scraping with the shovel and slowly eased my Cindy all the way out of the dirt.

"Oh, bloody hell " said Jenkins. "You have got to be kidding."

"What, what is it?" said Curtis.

"Oh my, oh my Lord," said Mavis Harris, "I feel sick."

Jenkins struggled a bit with the weight, but managed to get Cindy upright. She is a bit of a heavy lass, I have to admit.

"It's a doll," said Jenkins. "It's just a doll, a sex doll, I think." He lifted Cindy's arm and made her give a little wave. "Seems to be silicon. Wow, very life-like, I must say." He was gently squeezing Cindy's arm and nose and cheek with his fingertips.

I seethed. The disrespect!

"A doll?" said Curtis.

"Yes, sir."

Curtis turned to me, his face a throttled purple colour. "A bloody sex doll?!"

I said nothing.

He struggled to keep his anger in check. "I could arrest you for obstruction of justice, Alton, for wasting Police time and resources," he said.

"How?" I said. "I was nothing but absolutely honest with you. There was no wife, no girlfriend, no body. I told you this repeatedly. You chose to ignore me and you, sir, have wasted not only my time, but that of your department and your own men."

I left him there, chewing air, and went to Jenkins and took Cindy gently in my arms. Her wounds were bad but not unamendable.

"Pervert," hissed Mavis Harris. "He's a dirty little pervert!"

I headed for the house, but paused at the back door and said, "I will expect you to return my rose gardens to their absolute pristine condition. My lawyer already doesn't like your department, not one bit, Sergeant Curtis."

I did not wait for a reply. I went inside and closed the door, quietly, behind me.

Night was coming on and the police had returned my garden to its former glory, and departed. A cool breeze drifted through the kitchen window.

I was at the table with Cindy, tending her wounds. Silicon glue isn't cheap, I'll tell you that, and it would leave Cindy with some scars, unfortunately. If I'm honest, I don't think she was all that pleased about it. As I knelt down to treat a wound across her ribcage, I copped her knee right in my groin.

"Ugh!" I said, the wind snapping out of me and tears rimming my eyes.

I reached out to steady myself and that's when she lurched forward, out of her chair, and headbutted me square in the face.

"For godsakes, Cindy!" I said.

She was baring down on me. I grabbed her by the shoulders, pushing her up and back, but like I said, she wasn't exactly a lightweight. I staggered back with her falling into me, and I winced as the edge of the kitchen counter stabbed into the small my back. Cindy gave me another hit to the testicles with her hand, making me gasp.

I rolled us around, putting her back against counter, silicon squeaking against marble--see how she likes it. I almost took another groin hit from her other hand. I was bending her back over the kitchen sink and without realising it, I had grabbed one of the serrated steak knives in my fist, raised it over my head, and was ready to drive it down into the open O of her mouth.

And that's when I looked past Cindy's head, out the kitchen window, across the fence, and over there in her kitchen window was Mavis Harris. Staring right at me, at us, her mouth an identical open O to Cindy's.

We stared at each other for a long moment, and then I reached up and slowly closed the kitchen blinds.

I sighed. I decided that Mavis Harris was a problem I just couldn't tolerate. Her constant invasion of my privacy was one thing, but calling the police was unacceptable. I would have to take care of her at my earliest opportunity. But carefully. And I had just the spot for her, out behind her very own shed.

Right next to Henry Patterson, the last neighbour and resident of that house, who had also gotten far too nosey for his own good.

Yes, a real nice spot, and close to home.

---

@ 35f80bda:406855c0

O Bitcoin Core 29.0 foi oficialmente lançado e traz diversas melhorias técnicas voltadas para desenvolvedores, operadores de full nodes e a comunidade Bitcoin mais técnica. Desde mudanças na camada de rede até a atualização do sistema de build, este release é um passo significativo na modernização do ecossistema.

Se você roda um full node, desenvolve software que interage com o Core via RPC ou apenas quer estar por dentro das novidades técnicas, este artigo é para você.

Alterações na Rede e no P2P

Suporte ao UPnP Removido O UPnP foi totalmente desativado por razões de segurança e manutenção. Agora, a recomendação é utilizar a flag -natpmp, que conta com uma implementação interna de PCP e NAT-PMP. Mais seguro e mais leve.

Melhorias no Suporte Tor A porta onion agora é derivada da flag -port, permitindo múltiplos nós Tor na mesma máquina — ótimo para quem opera ambientes de teste ou múltiplos peers.

Transações Órfãs com Propagação Aprimorada O node agora tenta buscar os parents de transações órfãs consultando todos os peers que anunciaram a transação. Isso ajuda a preencher lacunas na mempool de forma mais eficiente.

Mempool e Política de Mineração

Ephemeral Dust Introdução de um novo conceito: ephemeral dust, que permite uma saída "dust" gratuita em uma transação desde que ela seja gasta dentro do mesmo pacote. Pode ser útil para otimizações de fees.

Correção no Peso Reservado de Blocos Bug que causava duplicação de peso reservado foi corrigido. Agora existe a flag -blockreservedweight, com limite mínimo de 2000 WU.

RPCs e REST mais robustos

• testmempoolaccept agora fornece o campo reject-details.
• submitblock preserva blocos duplicados mesmo que tenham sido podados.
• getblock, getblockheader e getblockchaininfo agora incluem o campo nBits (alvo de dificuldade).
• Novo RPC: getdescriptoractivity, que permite ver atividades de descritores em intervalos de blocos.
• APIs REST agora retornam nBits também no campo target.

Sistema de Build Modernizado

Uma das mudanças mais bem-vindas: o Bitcoin Core agora usa CMake em vez de Autotools como padrão de build. Isso facilita integração com IDEs, CI/CD pipelines modernos e personalização do build.

Outras Atualizações Importantes

• -dbcache teve limite máximo reduzido para lidar com o crescimento do conjunto UTXO.
• O comportamento Full Replace-by-Fee (RBF) agora é padrão. A flag -mempoolfullrbf foi removida.
• Aumentaram os valores padrão de -rpcthreads e -rpcworkqueue para lidar com maior paralelismo.

Ferramentas Novas

Uma nova ferramenta chamada utxo_to_sqlite.py converte snapshots compactos do conjunto UTXO para SQLite3. Excelente para quem quer auditar ou explorar o estado da blockchain com ferramentas padrão de banco de dados.

Limpeza de Dependências

As bibliotecas externas MiniUPnPc e libnatpmp foram removidas, substituídas por implementações internas. Menos dependências = manutenção mais fácil e menos riscos.

Como atualizar?

1. Pare o seu nó atual com segurança.
2. Instale a nova versão.
3. Verifique configurações como -dbcache, -blockreservedweight e o comportamento RBF.
4. Consulte os logs com atenção nas primeiras execuções para validar o novo comportamento.

Conclusão

O Bitcoin Core 29.0 representa um passo firme em direção a uma base de código mais moderna, segura e modular. Para quem mantém nós, desenvolve soluções sobre o Core ou audita a rede, é uma atualização que vale a pena testar e entender a fundo.

Já testou a nova versão? Notou impactos nas suas aplicações ou infraestrutura?

Referências

Release Notes 29.0 - GitHub

Bitcoin Core

Documentação técnica

@ c13fd381:b46236ea

In a time of political volatility and declining public trust, Australians are looking for leaders who don’t just talk about accountability—but prove it. It’s time for a new standard. A protocol that filters for competence, responsibility, and integrity—not popularity alone.

Here’s the idea:
Anyone who wants to run for public office in Australia must stake 100Ksats to a public address and maintain provable control of the corresponding private key for the duration of their term.

---

A Low Barrier With High Signal

The amount—100Ksats—is modest, but meaningful. It isn’t about wealth or exclusion. It’s about signal. Controlling a private key takes care, discipline, and a basic understanding of digital responsibility.

This protocol doesn't reward those with the most resources, but those who demonstrate the foresight and competence required to secure and maintain something valuable—just like the responsibilities of public office.

---

How It Works

This system is elegantly simple:

1. To nominate, a candidate generates a keypair and deposits 100Ksats into the associated address.
2. They publish the public key alongside their candidate profile—on the electoral roll, campaign site, or an independent registry.
3. Throughout their time in office, they sign periodic messages—perhaps quarterly—to prove they still control the private key.

Anyone, at any time, can verify this control. It’s public, permissionless, and incorruptible.

---

Why This Matters

Private key management is more than technical—it’s symbolic. It reflects:

• Responsibility – Losing your key means losing your ability to prove you’re still accountable.
• Integrity – Key control is binary. Either you can sign or you can’t.
• Long-term thinking – Good key management mirrors the strategic thinking we expect from leaders.

This isn’t about promises. It’s about proof. It moves trust from words to cryptographic reality.

---

A Voluntary Standard—for Now

This doesn’t require legislative change. It can begin as a voluntary protocol, adopted by those who want to lead with integrity. The tools already exist. The expectations can evolve from the ground up.

And as this becomes the norm, it sets a powerful precedent:

"If you can’t manage a private key, should you be trusted to manage public resources or national infrastructure?"

---

Identity Without Surveillance

By linking a public key to a candidate’s public identity, we create a form of digital accountability that doesn’t rely on central databases or invasive oversight. It’s decentralized, simple, and tamper-proof.

No backdoors. No bureaucracy. Just Bitcoin, and the competence to manage it.

---

Bitcoin is the foundation. Asymmetric encryption is the filter.
The result? A new class of public leaders—proven, not promised.

Let’s raise the standard.

@ 6be5cc06:5259daf0

Eu reconheço que Deus, e somente Deus, é o soberano legítimo sobre todas as coisas. Nenhum homem, nenhuma instituição, nenhum parlamento tem autoridade para usurpar aquilo que pertence ao Rei dos reis. O Estado moderno, com sua pretensão totalizante, é uma farsa blasfema diante do trono de Cristo. Não aceito outro senhor.

A Lei que me guia não é a ditada por burocratas, mas a gravada por Deus na própria natureza humana. A razão, quando iluminada pela fé, é suficiente para discernir o que é justo. Rejeito as leis arbitrárias que pretendem legitimar o roubo, o assassinato ou a escravidão em nome da ordem. A justiça não nasce do decreto, mas da verdade.

Acredito firmemente na propriedade privada como extensão da própria pessoa. Aquilo que é fruto do meu trabalho, da minha criatividade, da minha dedicação, dos dons a mim concedidos por Deus, pertence a mim por direito natural. Ninguém pode legitimamente tomar o que é meu sem meu consentimento. Todo imposto é uma agressão; toda expropriação, um roubo. Defendo a liberdade econômica não por idolatria ao mercado, mas porque a liberdade é condição necessária para a virtude.

Assumo o Princípio da Não Agressão como o mínimo ético que devo respeitar. Não iniciarei o uso da força contra ninguém, nem contra sua propriedade. Exijo o mesmo de todos. Mas sei que isso não basta. O PNA delimita o que não devo fazer — ele não me ensina o que devo ser. A liberdade exterior só é boa se houver liberdade interior. O mercado pode ser livre, mas se a alma estiver escravizada pelo vício, o colapso será inevitável.

Por isso, não me basta a ética negativa. Creio que uma sociedade justa precisa de valores positivos: honra, responsabilidade, compaixão, respeito, fidelidade à verdade. Sem isso, mesmo uma sociedade que respeite formalmente os direitos individuais apodrecerá por dentro. Um povo que ama o lucro, mas despreza a verdade, que celebra a liberdade mas esquece a justiça, está se preparando para ser dominado. Trocará um déspota visível por mil tiranias invisíveis — o hedonismo, o consumismo, a mentira, o medo.

Não aceito a falsa caridade feita com o dinheiro tomado à força. A verdadeira generosidade nasce do coração livre, não da coerção institucional. Obrigar alguém a ajudar o próximo destrói tanto a liberdade quanto a virtude. Só há mérito onde há escolha. A caridade que nasce do amor é redentora; a que nasce do fisco é propaganda.

O Estado moderno é um ídolo. Ele promete segurança, mas entrega servidão. Promete justiça, mas entrega privilégios. Disfarça a opressão com linguagem técnica, legal e democrática. Mas por trás de suas máscaras, vejo apenas a velha serpente. Um parasita que se alimenta do trabalho alheio e manipula consciências para se perpetuar.

Resistir não é apenas um direito, é um dever. Obedecer a Deus antes que aos homens — essa é a minha regra. O poder se volta contra a verdade, mas minha lealdade pertence a quem criou o céu e a terra. A tirania não se combate com outro tirano, mas com a desobediência firme e pacífica dos que amam a justiça.

Não acredito em utopias. Desejo uma ordem natural, orgânica, enraizada no voluntarismo. Uma sociedade que se construa de baixo para cima: a partir da família, da comunidade local, da tradição e da fé. Não quero uma máquina que planeje a vida alheia, mas um tecido de relações voluntárias onde a liberdade floresça à sombra da cruz.

Desejo, sim, o reinado social de Cristo. Não por imposição, mas por convicção. Que Ele reine nos corações, nas famílias, nas ruas e nos contratos. Que a fé guie a razão e a razão ilumine a vida. Que a liberdade seja meio para a santidade — não um fim em si. E que, livres do jugo do Leviatã, sejamos servos apenas do Senhor.

@ e1b184d1:ac66229b

Bitcoin is more than just a digital currency. It’s a technological revolution built on a unique set of properties that distinguish it from all other financial systems—past and present. From its decentralized architecture to its digitally verifiable scarcity, Bitcoin represents a fundamental shift in how we store and transfer value.

1. A Truly Decentralized Network

As of April 2025, the Bitcoin network comprises approximately 62,558 reachable nodes globally. The United States leads with 13,791 nodes (29%), followed by Germany with 6,418 nodes (13.5%), and Canada with 2,580 nodes (5.43%). bitnodes

This distributed structure is central to Bitcoin’s strength. No single entity can control the network, making it robust against censorship, regulation, or centralized failure.

2. Open Participation at Low Cost

Bitcoin's design allows almost anyone to participate meaningfully in the network. Thanks to its small block size and streamlined protocol, running a full node is technically and financially accessible. Even a Raspberry Pi or a basic PC is sufficient to synchronize and validate the blockchain.

However, any significant increase in block size could jeopardize this accessibility. More storage and bandwidth requirements would shift participation toward centralized data centers and cloud infrastructure—threatening Bitcoin’s decentralized ethos. This is why the community continues to fiercely debate such protocol changes.

3. Decentralized Governance

Bitcoin has no CEO, board, or headquarters. Its governance model is decentralized, relying on consensus among various stakeholders, including miners, developers, node operators, and increasingly, institutional participants.

Miners signal support for changes by choosing which version of the Bitcoin software to run when mining new blocks. However, full node operators ultimately enforce the network’s rules by validating blocks and transactions. If miners adopt a change that is not accepted by the majority of full nodes, that change will be rejected and the blocks considered invalid—effectively vetoing the proposal.

This "dual-power structure" ensures that changes to the network only happen through widespread consensus—a system that has proven resilient to internal disagreements and external pressures.

4. Resilient by Design

Bitcoin's decentralized nature gives it a level of geopolitical and technical resilience unmatched by any traditional financial system. A notable case is the 2021 mining ban in China. While initially disruptive, the network quickly recovered as miners relocated, ultimately improving decentralization.

This event underlined Bitcoin's ability to withstand regulatory attacks and misinformation (FUD—Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt), cementing its credibility as a global, censorship-resistant network.

5. Self-Sovereign Communication

Bitcoin enables peer-to-peer transactions across borders without intermediaries. There’s no bank, payment processor, or centralized authority required. This feature is not only technically efficient but also politically profound—it empowers individuals globally to transact freely and securely.

6. Absolute Scarcity

Bitcoin is the first asset in history with a mathematically verifiable, fixed supply: 21 million coins. This cap is hard-coded into its protocol and enforced by every full node. At the atomic level, Bitcoin is measured in satoshis (sats), with a total cap of approximately 2.1 quadrillion sats.

This transparency contrasts with assets like gold, whose total supply is estimated and potentially (through third parties on paper) expandable. Moreover, unlike fiat currencies, which can be inflated through central bank policy, Bitcoin is immune to such manipulation. This makes it a powerful hedge against monetary debasement.

7. Anchored in Energy and Time

Bitcoin's security relies on proof-of-work, a consensus algorithm that requires real-world energy and computation. This “work” ensures that network participants must invest time and electricity to mine new blocks.

This process incentivizes continual improvement in hardware and energy sourcing—helping decentralize mining geographically and economically. In contrast, alternative systems like proof-of-stake tend to favor wealth concentration by design, as influence is determined by how many tokens a participant holds.

8. Censorship-Resistant

The Bitcoin network itself is inherently censorship-resistant. As a decentralized system, Bitcoin transactions consist of mere text and numerical data, making it impossible to censor the underlying protocol.

However, centralized exchanges and trading platforms can be subject to censorship through regional regulations or government pressure, potentially limiting access to Bitcoin.

Decentralized exchanges and peer-to-peer marketplaces offer alternative solutions, enabling users to buy and sell Bitcoins without relying on intermediaries that can be censored or shut down.

9. High Security

The Bitcoin blockchain is secured through a decentralized network of thousands of nodes worldwide, which constantly verify its integrity, making it highly resistant to hacking. To add a new block of bundled transactions, miners compete to solve complex mathematical problems generated by Bitcoin's cryptography. Once a miner solves the problem, the proposed block is broadcast to the network, where each node verifies its validity. Consensus is achieved when a majority of nodes agree on the block's validity, at which point the Bitcoin blockchain is updated accordingly, ensuring the network's decentralized and trustless nature.

Manipulation of the Bitcoin network is virtually impossible due to its decentralized and robust architecture. The blockchain's chronological and immutable design prevents the deletion or alteration of previously validated blocks, ensuring the integrity of the network.

To successfully attack the Bitcoin network, an individual or organization would need to control a majority of the network's computing power, also known as a 51% attack. However, the sheer size of the Bitcoin network and the competitive nature of the proof-of-work consensus mechanism make it extremely difficult to acquire and sustain the necessary computational power. Even if an attacker were to achieve this, they could potentially execute double spends and censor transactions. Nevertheless, the transparent nature of the blockchain would quickly reveal the attack, allowing the Bitcoin network to respond and neutralize it. By invalidating the first block of the malicious chain, all subsequent blocks would also become invalid, rendering the attack futile and resulting in significant financial losses for the attacker.

One potential source of uncertainty arises from changes to the Bitcoin code made by developers. While developers can modify the software, they cannot unilaterally enforce changes to the Bitcoin protocol, as all users have the freedom to choose which version they consider valid. Attempts to alter Bitcoin's fundamental principles have historically resulted in hard forks, which have ultimately had negligible impact (e.g., BSV, BCH). The Bitcoin community has consistently rejected new ideas that compromise decentralization in favor of scalability, refusing to adopt the resulting blockchains as the legitimate version. This decentralized governance model ensures that changes to the protocol are subject to broad consensus, protecting the integrity and trustworthiness of the Bitcoin network.

Another source of uncertainty in the future could be quantum computers. The topic is slowly gaining momentum in the community and is being discussed.

Your opinion

My attempt to write an article with Yakyhonne. Simple editor with the most necessary formatting. Technically it worked quite well so far.

Some properties are listed in the article. Which properties are missing and what are these properties?

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Nestled in the lush Our Valley in northern Luxembourg, Vianden is a charming riverside town known for its stunning medieval castle, cobbled streets, and peaceful atmosphere. Surrounded by forested hills and steeped in history, it’s the perfect day trip—or even a peaceful overnight getaway—from Luxembourg City.

🏰 Top Highlight: Vianden Castle

• One of Europe’s most beautiful feudal castles, perched dramatically on a hilltop
• Built between the 11th and 14th centuries, with Romanesque and Gothic elements
• Lovingly restored, it now features furnished rooms, exhibitions, and epic valley views
• Visit in autumn or winter for a real storybook vibe, or during medieval festivals in summer for a lively twist

🌿 Things to Do in Vianden

1️⃣ Wander the Old Town

• Stroll the cobbled lanes, cross stone bridges, and admire the pastel-colored houses along the river
• Stop at a café by the water and just soak in the Alpine-style charm

2️⃣ Take the Chairlift

• Ride Luxembourg’s only chairlift up the hill above Vianden
• Amazing panoramic views of the town, river, and surrounding forests
• You can hike back down through wooded trails—it’s magical in the fall

3️⃣ Victor Hugo House

• Famous French writer Victor Hugo lived in exile here in the 1870s
• His former home is now a museum with personal items, manuscripts, and 19th-century decor

4️⃣ Hiking & Nature

• Vianden is surrounded by forested trails and river paths, perfect for hiking and biking
• You can follow the Our Valley Trail or parts of the Escapardenne trail toward the Belgian border

🍽️ Local Flavors

• Try hearty Luxembourgish dishes like Judd mat Gaardebounen (smoked pork neck with broad beans)
• Enjoy fresh trout from local rivers, Luxembourgish wine, or a slice of Apfelkuchen with coffee
• The town’s cozy inns and traditional restaurants make dining here feel warm and personal

🚆 Getting There

• From Luxembourg City: About 1.5 hours by public transport (train + bus combo) or 45 minutes by car
• Bonus: Public transport is free in Luxembourg!

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

This is Hostr, a bridge between Nostr and the Hive blockchain. This post is originating on Nostr as a kind 30023, that is, a long form Nostr note. If all goes as hoped. This note will auto-post and appear over on the Hive blockchain. And, ideally on that Hive post, a link will appear that connects back to the original Nostr note.

The goal is to have either: * a bidirectional bridge, either way * a nostr-to-hive bridge only, if desired * a hive-to-nostr bridge only, if desired

@ e0921d61:e0fe7bd5

Hans-Hermann Hoppe explains the capitalist process as driven by time preference, how people value present vs. future goods. Economic growth hinges on savings and investment, and this shapes our prosperity.

Factors like population, natural resources, and technology matter, but Hoppe argues they're secondary. Without prior savings and investment, even the richest resources and best technology remain untapped.

True economic advancement happens through increasing per capita invested capital, raising productivity, real incomes, and further lowering time preferences. This creates a self-reinforcing cycle of prosperity.

Hoppe claims this process naturally continues smoothly until scarcity itself disappears, unless people voluntarily choose leisure over more wealth. This growth has no inherent reason to halt abruptly.

This smooth capitalist cycle, however, is disrupted when government enters the picture. Government control of resources it didn’t earn or acquire legitimately distorts incentives and investment.

Government monopolization of money through fractional reserve banking artificially lowers interest rates.

Entrepreneurs mistakenly think, and are incentivized to think, there's more savings, so more unsustainable investments proliferate.

Without real savings backing these projects, a painful correction (a bust following the boom) inevitably occurs.

Investments must eventually realign with actual savings, thus leading to bankruptcies and unemployment.

Hoppe concludes that boom-bust cycles aren’t natural. They’re directly caused by government-created credit expansion. Unless governments stop manipulating fiat money supply, these cycles remain unavoidable.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Tucked into a serene bay just 20 km south of Dubrovnik, Cavtat is a relaxed seaside town that mixes historic charm, clear Adriatic waters, pine-covered hills, and a welcoming small-town feel. It’s often seen as a peaceful alternative to Dubrovnik, with cobbled streets, pretty promenades, and hidden beaches**—perfect for those looking to unwind in style.

🌟 What to Do in Cavtat

1️⃣ Stroll the Seaside Promenade

• Palm-lined and picture-perfect, the Riva is the heart of Cavtat
• Lined with cafés, ice cream spots, and yachts bobbing in the harbor
• Great for a morning coffee or a golden hour walk

2️⃣ Explore the Old Town

• Compact and charming, full of red-roofed stone houses and quiet lanes
• Don’t miss the Rector’s Palace and Baroque St. Nicholas Church

3️⃣ Visit the Racic Mausoleum

• Designed by famed Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović
• Set on a hill with panoramic sea views and a peaceful atmosphere

4️⃣ Swim & Sunbathe

• Small coves, flat rocky spots, and crystal-clear turquoise waters
• Try Beach Kamen Mali or walk around the Rat Peninsula for secluded spots
• Great for snorkeling and paddleboarding

5️⃣ Take a Boat to Dubrovnik

• Water taxis run frequently—it's a stunning ride along the coast
• Spend the day exploring Dubrovnik’s Old Town, then return to Cavtat’s tranquility

🍽️ What to Eat

• Fresh seafood – grilled fish, calamari, or buzara (shellfish in white wine sauce)
• Peka – slow-cooked meat or octopus under an iron bell
• Local wines like Pošip (white) or Plavac Mali (red)
• Finish with rozata, a Dubrovnik-style custard dessert

🎯 Travel Tips

✅ Cavtat is 15 mins from Dubrovnik Airport, making it a perfect arrival or departure base
✅ Quieter than Dubrovnik—ideal for families, couples, or solo travelers
✅ Best time to visit: late spring to early fall
✅ Rent a bike or walk around the Rat Peninsula for nature and sea views

@ d3d74124:a4eb7b1d

ORIGINALLY ON XITTER BY STEVE BARBOUR. SHARED HERE FOR THE HOMIES (https://x.com/SGBarbour/status/1911614638623801425)

I find bureaucracy fascinating—it’s like a cancer within human organizations.

Why do organizations become bloated with excessive procedural controls, inefficiency, and indecisiveness as they grow in size and age? Why does decision-by-committee often replace the ambitious, self-starting decision maker? Why do small, "lean and mean" startups inevitably become bloated with bureaucracy as they scale and increase their headcount?

In 2014, these questions consumed me while I sat in a cubicle at an oil and gas company. Why, after years of honing my skills to fix artificial lift systems, was my signing authority decreasing (from $25,000 to $10,000 for workover budgets), despite record corporate profits? Why did I now need a 12-page Microsoft Word document with manager sign-off to schedule and scope a service rig for a simple pump change, when a five-minute email direct to the rig supervisor had previously sufficed?

Years into the job I was far more capable than when I had started, yet I had less authority with each passing day. I became determined to understand what was causes bureaucracy and whether or not it can be prevented.

After researching for some time, such as the essay I posted below, I concluded that bureaucracy stems from a lack of trust and accountability. Bureaucrats impose procedures instead of trusting subordinates to do their jobs, often in response to a costly mistake. This results in new processes that everyone must follow.

Bureaucrats rarely take responsibility for their own failures or hold others accountable for theirs. Instead, they create more procedures and invent new processes. Bureaucracy is a systemic issue, pervasive in nearly every large business or institution. The larger the organization, the more stifling it becomes.

This behavior is costly, increasing administrative overhead and delaying capital execution. Who is bearing this enormous cost?

You are, of course!

Fiat money funds the vast majority of the world's bureaucracy. Fiat money is counterfeit created out of thin air and is used to fund deficit spending by governments worldwide. Governments use paper money they did not earn from taxes to bail out institutions who are overleveraged and get caught with their pants down (e.g. Bombardier and Air Canada are famous repeat offenders in Canada, in the US you can choose any big name bank just about).

They keep printing money and nobody is held accountable anywhere.

Misallocate capital, become insolvent, print money and bail out, create new regulations / procedures, repeat.

You pay for bureaucracy by losing your savings to inflation.

You pay for bureaucracy when the local small businesses in your neighborhood is replaced by a global franchise funded by cheap, perpetual fiat money.

You pay for bureaucracy when you cannot retire as early as you planned and end up working yourself straight into a retirement home.

---

I was cleaning and organizing my office today and found this old essay by Brian D. Rule from 1977 on the topic, which sparked me to write this short X piece on bureaucracy.

Brian's essay 'Bureaucracy' was actually the very essay that led me into believing fiat money with the root cause of global bureaucracy and waste, which lead me to become interested in gold in 2015 and then in bitcoin in 2016.

Sure enough I googled the prevalence of the term 'bureaucracy' and something interesting happened after 1971...

Isn't it weird how so much went to shit after we got off the gold standard?

Today I am convinced that hard, sound money is the only solution to bureaucracy. This is why I work for #bitcoin.

*Sadly I can no longer find the essay online, so I ripped the text from my paper printout that I found in my files with the now defunct reference website below. *

---

Bureaucracy

Brian D. Rude, 1977

Original website (now defunct): http://brianrude.com/burea.htm

In the summer of 1975 I took a teaching job in Nebraska. As my previous teaching experience was in Missouri I had to see about getting a Nebraska teaching certificate. I applied for a "Nebraska Standard" teaching certificate. I sent in my college transcript, the application form, and a check for eight dollars. They sent me back, in their own good time, a "Nebraska Prestandard" certificate. I decided there was nothing "prestandard" about me or my teaching, so I wrote back and asked why I didn't get the "standard" certificate. They replied that since I had not taught three out of the last five years I was eligible only for the "prestandard" certificate.

"What do those pigheaded bureaucrats know about my teaching?" I thought to myself. "How would they ever know the standard of my teaching just from shuffling papers around?"

With a little reflection I realized that of course they know nothing about my teaching. They are not supposed to know anything about my teaching. They are paid to evaluate the papers I send them. They are not paid to evaluate my teaching. They have a clear mandate to shuffle my papers, and nothing more.

I presume my application was opened by a secretary, who, following a tightly structured routine, checked off each requirement, typed up my certificate, got it signed by some authority and sent it off to me. Such a secretary is most likely a conscientious worker, a wife and mother, a Republican or Democrat, an occasional churchgoer, a bit of a gossip, and a lot of other plain ordinary things. But she is most likely not a "pigheaded bureaucrat". She would not think of herself as a bureaucrat, and neither would her boss, her coworkers, her family, or anyone else who personally knew her. When she typed "prestandard" instead of "standard" on my teaching certificate she is simply doing her job. Were she to do anything less or more she would be negligent.

So where is the bureaucracy? Or was I dealing with a bureaucracy? If not, then where is there a bureaucracy? Where do we find the genuine article, the bungling, myopic, pigheaded bureaucrat?

I think pigheaded bureaucrats do exist, but they are rare. It's the good bureaucrat that drives us batty, quite as much as the bungling bureaucrat. The good bureaucrat knows exactly what he is obligated to do and he does it conscientiously. The good bureaucrat simply applies the rules that he is responsible for applying, but that he did not make.

A bureaucracy is a group of people responsible for applying a set of rules. The police, courts, executive branches of government, parents, teachers, librarians, and many other people or groups of people are also responsible for applying rules, yet we don't think of these as being bureaucracies. The distinguishing features of a bureaucracy are the types of rules to be applied, and, to some extent, how the rules are applied.

A bureaucracy is responsible for applying what I will call "secondary", or "derived" rules. A secondary rule is a requirement or prohibition established only because it promotes a primary goal. When Moses came down from the mountain with his stone tablets he was carrying what might be considered the simplest statement of what I will call "primary" requirements. The rule, "Thou shalt not steal", for example, is a primary requirement because it is desirable for its own sake, not just as a means to some other end. Similarly, "Thou shalt not commit murder" is a primary requirement because it is desirable as an end in itself.

Safe driving, as a modern example, is a primary requirement because it is desirable for its own sake. The requirement that one get a driver's license before driving, in contrast, is a secondary requirement. It is a requirement instituted by state governments in an attempt to promote the primary goal of safe driving. It is secondary to, or derived from, the primary requirement of driving safely. If people always drove safely, or if driving by its nature presented no hazards, then there would be no need for driver's licenses. Or if legislatures decided that licensing did nothing to promote safe driving then there would be no need for driver's licenses. Licensing is not an end in itself.

Tertiary, or third order, requirements can also exist. If a state requires a birth certificate as proof of age before issuing a driver's license then the state is imposing a third order requirement. Showing a birth certificate is a requirement designed to promote the licensing of drivers, which in turn is designed to promote safe driving.

I imagine one could go ahead and find examples of fourth order requirements established to promote third order requirements. However I don't think there is much point in getting too deep in this kind of analysis. The main point is the distinction of whether a goal is important for its own sake or whether it is important in promoting some other goal. Thus I may speak of a "derived" requirement, meaning only that it is not a primary requirement, but not specifying whether it is secondary, tertiary, or even further removed from the primary goal.

In different contexts I may speak of primary or secondary "requirements", "rules", "prohibitions", "laws", "regulations", "goals", "wrongs", "burdens", "privileges", and so on. It seems natural to think of paying taxes as a "requirement", while murder is a "wrong" that is covered by a "prohibition". But the requirement of paying a tax can be interpreted as the prohibition of avoiding the tax, and the prohibition against murder can be interpreted as the requirement to refrain from murder. The important point here is the distinction between primary and derived, not between omission and commission.

In the example I gave about getting a teaching certificate the bureaucrats were concerned only with my compliance with secondary requirements. They were not at all concerned with the primary requirement - the requirement that I indeed be a good teacher. This is a distinguishing characteristic of bureaucracies. They are concerned only with applying derived, not primary, rules. Other agencies are brought in when there is a primary rule to be applied. The police and courts handle such primary wrongs as theft and murder. Parents and teachers handle such primary wrongs as tracking mud on the carpet or being late to school. Churches handle such primary wrongs as "living in sin" or blasphemy. But it doesn't take a judge or a preacher to decide if my application for a teaching certificate is in order, or my application for a driver's license, or a dog license, or a business license, or a barber's license, or a building permit, or a marriage license, or breathing license. It takes a bureaucrat to handle these matters.

The basic root of bureaucracy then, is the proliferation of secondary requirements. It is not enough, in our modern world, to just be a good and honest person. One can be the best and safest of drivers, but a driver's license is still required. One can be a patriot and a saint, but the IRS still wants that W-2 form. One can be the best doctor in the world, but to practice medicine without a degree and a license is still a serious offense. We have established literally millions of secondary requirements designed to promote a few primary goals. To administer these rules we have people we call bureaucrats.

If the basic root of bureaucracy is a proliferation of derived requirements, then it would seem reasonable that the way to decrease bureaucracy would be to decrease such requirements. This is true, and in fact is a main thesis of this article. Unfortunately it is not always easy to do. Every bureaucratic requirement, in a healthy society at least, was established by reasonably intelligent people giving at least half-way serious consideration to a genuine problem. Therefore any particular bureaucratic requirement or procedure that is challenged will be defended by some person or group.

The most important gain we hope to realize from derived requirements is security. The requirement of any permit or license is usually, if not invariably, justified in order to "protect the public". We want safe driving so we demand driver's licenses. We want our neighbor's dog out of our flower bed so we demand dog licenses. We want merchants to be honest so we demand business licenses. We want welfare recipients not to cheat so we require verification of identity, employment, and who knows what else. All these requirements are seen as necessary to prevent something bad from happening, or to assure that something good will happen.

Derived requirements cannot provide all types of security. We can't prevent floods and famines by making rules and printing forms. The type of security that is the goal of bureaucratic requirements is social control of one form or another.

Simple fairness is often the goal of bureaucratic requirements. The Internal Revenue Service is a good example of this. The primary goal of the IRS is to raise money. This could be done by charging every citizen a flat rate of $1000 or so each year. We wouldn't consider this fair, though, because we realize not everyone has an equal ability to pay. Therefore we have an elaborate set of rules designed to extract more from those who have more. To apply these rules we have what is probably the biggest and most complex bureaucracy since time began. This size and complexity comes from our desire to be fair, not from the simple desire to collect money.

Another form of social control for which bureaucratic requirements are established is prevention of abuse of power. Power comes in many different forms, and we know from long experience that power is always susceptible to abuse. One method of dealing with abuse of power is to call it a primary wrong and punish the offenders. This is done, and it keeps the police and courts very busy. Another way to control abuse of power is to set up secondary requirements to try to prevent such wrongs from occurring in the first place. This produces bureaucracies. In the 1880's, for example, railroads were playing a little rougher than people wanted. They gained power by monopolizing a vital service. In response to this the Interstate Commerce Commission was set up, and has regulated business ever since. A more modern, and more specific, example would be the requirement that a used car dealer certify that the odometer reading is correct when he sells a car. This requirement is in response to what is seen as abuse of power by car dealers who misrepresent their merchandise.

In addition to the main cause of bureaucracy - the proliferation of derived requirements for purposes of security - there are several other causes of bureaucracies that are worth mentioning. The first of these is pure blind imitation. Again I will use driver's licensing as an example.

In the fifty states there is a startling uniformity of driver's license requirements. The most obvious uniformity is that all states require licenses. I have never been able to understand this. It would seem that if each state followed its own experience, values, customs, and judgment, then there would be a whole spectrum of licensing requirements, ranging from no requirement at all to extensive and strict requirements. This is apparently not the case. The majority of states require a written, driving, and eye test. They require a license fee. They require renewal of the license every so many years. They require that the license be in the person’s possession while he is driving. So far as I can tell only minor variations are found on this basic pattern in the different states.

I attribute this uniformity mainly to imitation. If there were an obvious connection between traffic safety and driver’s licensing then this uniformity would seem more sensible. If the National Safety Council told us everyday that the majority of fatal accidents involved an unlicensed driver, then we would not be surprised to find a driver’s license requirement in every state. But that is not the case. The National Safety Council talks a lot about the drinking driver but not about the unlicensed driver. If there was a historical example of some state that was too stubborn to require licenses and had an atrocious accident rate, then again a strict licensing system would be expected in every state. But is not the case either. The connection between licensing and safe driving is tenuous at best. There are innumerable unsafe drivers in every state who have no trouble getting a license. There are also perfectly safe drivers who have trouble getting a license. I think it is safe to say that the average driver, safe or unsafe, can’t pass the written test without studying the book no matter how long he has been driving. Many people find this out when they try to renew their license. All this leads me to believe that licensing requirements are set up by imitation more than anything else. A few states started requiring licenses and other states blindly followed, thinking in some vague way that they were being modern and progressive.

Pure blind imitation may seem a poor reason to set up a bureaucratic requirement and a bureaucracy to apply it, but there are many examples of such imitation in everyday life. In a previous article, ("Roting and Roters", not yet on my web site) I described and developed the idea that blind imitation is a powerful determinant of individual behavior. I think it is almost as powerful a determinant of group action. If each state followed its own inclination in the matter of driver’s licensing I would expect a much wider variation among the different states.

Another cause of bureaucracies is a little more substantial than blind imitation, and accounts for many licensing systems. That is the desire for group recognition. People are by nature social animals. They want to have groups and they want to do things in groups. They want their groups to be recognized and they want this recognition to be official and formal. I began to realize this a few years back when I read in the paper that beauticians were trying to get legislation passed setting up a system of beautician licensure. I thought they were nuts. Why, when we all hate the bureaucracy so much, would anyone want to set up more bureaucracy?

Another example of this kind of bureaucracy building is in the field of occupational therapy. Nurses, physical therapists, and speech therapists are licensed by the state. Occupational therapists, in contrast, have a national association which gives a "registry examination". Upon passing this test, and having a degree in occupational therapy, one becomes an "O.T.R.", a registered occupational therapist. Hospitals and other institutions take this designation as evidence of full qualification in the field. With such a sensible system I find incomprehensible that the profession is pushing for a system of state, rather than national, licensure. But that is exactly what they are doing. They are trying to build more bureaucracy, and they will succeed.

It took me quite a number of years to realize that teacher certification is something that the teaching profession wants, rather than being a requirement imposed from above. However that is apparently the case. The system of licensure, though a pain, does give some recognition to the status of teachers. This, along with a considerable amount of blind imitation, apparently accounts for the uniformity of teacher certification requirements found in different states.

It would be nice if we could give official recognition to groups without the necessity of laying down a mass of secondary requirements, but that is not how it works. Recognition, apparently would have little meaning if it did not indicate that the members of the group meet a system of requirements. It would also be nice if those who gain this official recognition were always worthy of it, but that also is unfortunately not the case. There will always be drivers, teachers, beauticians, occupational therapists, doctors, lawyers, and others who somehow manage to gain the official license but are recognized by their peers as incompetent. Whenever a system of secondary requirements is established there inevitably enters a "reality gap", a gap between the ideal and the real. This can make the whole system ineffective. I will have more to say about this ineffectiveness and its effects shortly.

Yet another factor leading to the spread of bureaucracy is a systematic error made, to a greater or lesser extent, by practitioners of almost any field. That error is thinking that the world’s problems will be solved by one’s own field of knowledge or mode of operation. I think a good name for this would be "role egocentrism". Egocentrism means that a person considers himself the center of the universe, just as ethnocentrism means that a group considers itself the center of the universe. Role egocentrism simply means that one’s own role is given undue importance and status. Thus doctors think that medicine will be the salvation of the world. When medicine has progressed far enough, they think, the world will be such a fine place that other problems will just disappear. Preachers think that if only we would all turn to God there would be no more problems. Farmers think that once the world food problem is solved, by farmers of course, then all will be well. Teachers think that education will be the one thing to save mankind from itself. Scientists think that research will usher in a new golden age.

It is hard to conceive of a bureaucrat having such grandiose visions of salvation. But remember that bureaucrats do not think of themselves as bureaucrats. Even more importantly, bureaucrats don’t make the rules, they only apply them. The rules are made by governments. Governments consist of politicians, and politicians are very susceptible to role egocentrism. To attain office a politician must convince people that government is capable of doing things, and he must believe it himself. Since people want things done it is not surprising that governments are populated by large numbers of people with an inflated idea of what can be done by writing rules and laws. Since there are few primary laws left to write, we have an ever-increasing proliferation of secondary requirements. Bureaucrats may not make the basic rules that they apply, but they do have some latitude to make minor rules, and even more importantly, they are responsible for making reports and can require reports from their subordinates. In the making of reports a little role egocentrism can go a long way. The result can be a massive flow of reams and reams of paperwork, with copies sent to all other bureaucrats who might have come slight connection to the job at hand, but with very little of the reports actually being read.

Bureaucrats also have some latitude in working as individuals or teams, and again a great deal of waste can ensue. The justification for working in committees or teams is the idea that by joining forces the best abilities of each member can be brought to bear on the problem at hand and therefore a solution to the problem is more likely. Of course there is some truth to this, but it doesn’t always work out too well. The little bit truth can become greatly augmented by role egocentrism. Team workers like to think that if you set six experts around a table something good is bound to come out of it. Non-team workers, like myself, tend to think that setting six experts around a table is a good way for six experts to waste each other’s time. I think bureaucrats at the higher levels are more prone to waste their energy this way, and I interpret this as a form of role egocentrism.

All of these cases of bureaucracy are augmented by another systematic error. That error is the systematic overestimation of group cohesiveness. In the minds of bureaucracy builders the bureaucracies already in existence become "they", and "they" are a bunch of pigheaded fools. "We", on the other hand, are good, right-thinking people and the bureaucracy we set up will serve the people, not the bureaucrats. And just to make sure we’ll write in plenty of safeguards. Of course this doesn’t work. Just because it is "our" program doesn’t mean that it won’t be subject to all the problems that beset any program. A new generation will grow up and decide that "we" are "they" and the cycle begins over again.

So far I have painted a rather pessimistic picture. We have bureaucrats because we have a multitude of derived requirements to administer, and we have a multitude of derived requirements because we think they bring us security. We also have bureaucracies because of imitation, because of the desire for group recognition, and because of role egocentrism. Yet the sum total of all this drives us batty. The next step is to try to get some idea of why and how bureaucracy is frustrating. I think the frustration results from main causes, standardization and ineffectiveness.

Standardization is a wonderful thing in industry. If my car needs a new fuel pump I can buy one right off the shelf and know it will fit. Fuel pumps are standard, and engines are standard. They fit together beautifully. The few defective fuel pumps that are not standard are quickly caught and tossed off the assembly line. This happy state of affairs does not extend to non-physical objects though. Consider, for example, a seed planter. I don’t know just how a planter might work but I visualize a mechanical hand grabbing one seed at a time and popping it into the ground. Seeds are pretty well standardized and most seeds can be picked up by these mechanical hands without injury. A few seeds, however, are nonstandard. They are either too big, or too small, or perhaps the wrong shape. The iron hands that so effectively plant most seeds will bruise, shred, mangle or maybe just overlook the oddball seeds. This doesn’t worry us though. Just like the defective fuel pumps that are bumped off the assembly line, the few mishandled seeds are of no great consequence.

When standardization is extended to humans the situation changes dramatically. We can’t bump off the defectives so carelessly. A bureaucracy can be compared to the seed planter. Iron hands pick you up and set you down again. If you fit the standard mold, these iron hands hold you gently. If you don’t fit the standard mold those same iron hands can shred you to pieces.

For example, a few years back I knew a fellow who was paraplegic. He was completely confined to his wheelchair, but he had a car with adapted controls and could drive as well as anyone. Unfortunately he had considerable difficulty licensing both himself and his car. He could drive to the courthouse, and get himself out of his car and into his wheelchair, but he had no way of getting down in the basement where the licensing offices were. There were elevators from the first floor to the basement of course, but between the parking lot and the first floor were innumerable steps and curbs. To a person in a wheelchair a single four-inch curb might as well be a ten-foot wall. Apparently my friend managed somehow to keep himself legal most of the time, but he did at times speak bitterly about the troubles he encountered. The state required licenses, and the state provided a way to get these licenses, but only if you fit the standard mold. My friend did not fit the standard mold, and felt very much caught in those iron hands.

Fortunately most examples of the problems of standardization are not so serious. My wife had a friend in college who was triply enrolled in the School of Education, the School of Medicine, and the Graduate School. All occupational therapy students were dually enrolled in Education and Medicine, which caused no end of red tape in itself, but this particular girl was such a go-getter that she added Graduate School. This made her a non-standard person indeed. One day she spent a solid half hour on the phone trying to convince some bureaucrat that, no matter that it didn’t fit the computer, it was possible to be enrolled that way. I presume the problem, whatever it was, was eventually worked out, but not without some cost in frustration. The bureaucrat in question was probably no more pigheaded than you or I. The rules he was responsible for applying simply made no provision for triply enrolled students.

When caught as a non-standard person in a standardized bureaucracy one wonders why standardization is established in the first place. Except for the role egocentrism of a few bureaucrats, standardization is not intentional. It arises by the same forces that promote standardization in industry. Standardization promotes efficiency. Whenever a form is printed, for instance, it is designed to fit the majority of situations. Thus a fire insurance application form may ask if the house is frame or brick, with no intention of frustrating the owners of igloos, caves, and houseboats. It simply reflects the fact that most houses are either frame or brick. By stating these two choices the processing of the application is speeded up. If instead the application stated simply, "describe the dwelling to be insured", the work in processing the application would be considerably increased. Standardization is the inevitable correlate of the proliferation of secondary requirements.

There is also another cause of standardization, the lack of discretionary authority. Remember that secondary requirements are set up in many cases to prevent abuse of power and to be fair. This usually means that the bureaucrats who apply these rules have only a limited number of responses to a given situation. Bureaucracies are given very little discretionary authority. They must follow the rules whether the rules fit the situation at hand or not. To illustrate this let me hypothesize two ways of administering welfare.

In case A an applicant comes to a social worker. The applicant explains that her husband just lost his job because he drank too much, that she works as a maid two days a week but that her children have no one to stay with them when she works unless she pays a baby sitter which costs almost half her salary, that their car is about to be repossessed and then she won’t be able to get to work at all, that the landlord won’t fix the plumbing and charges too much rent, that they would move except they haven’t found a place that’s any cheaper, that their oldest son was just sent to jail for a two year term, and on, and on, and on. The social worker listens to all this, makes a few phone calls, and the next day tells the applicant, "We’ll give you $70 a week allowance, but tell your husband to come in before next week. We’ll get him off his beer and on the job one way or the other. I called your landlord and got his side of the story and there’ll have to be a few changes made before he’ll reconnect the shower, and you’ve got to..."

In situation B the applicant comes to the social worker with the same story. The social worker says, "I think we can help you, but first you’ll have to find your birth certificate. Regulations state that only citizens are eligible for welfare. Then you’ll have to take this form to your employer to certify your wage scale. And this form goes to your landlord to verify your rent. And you’ll have to fill out this form to show how you budget your income, and this form to verify that you are not now receiving veterans or disability compensation, and this form that verifies you are not eligible to collect child support from any previous husband, unless the marriage was annulled, in which case you have to hunt up the certificate of annulment... What? You lost your certificate of annulment? You’re not sure you ever were married to John before you left him for Henry? ..."

In situation A the social worker is given a budget and a wide latitude on how to distribute the money. She is given discretionary power to a large degree. In situation B the social worker is given a very small amount of discretionary power. She can’t decide for herself whether the applicant is genuinely needy, but must prepare a "work-up", consisting of documentation of all relevant aspects of the applicant’s situation. On the basis of this work-up she is allowed to authorize an allowance, the amount to be taken from a table. If the social worker feels that there are relevant circumstances that are not covered at all in the standard work-up then she may begin some special procedure to have the case considered by a higher authority or committee. But the common suspicion that things aren’t quite as they should be, either because the applicant is undeserving or that he needs more than he can get or that the program misses its mark in yet some other way, is just a routine part of the job.

Standardization, fitting everyone into the same size slot, reduces everything to paperwork. The "work-up" is a stack of documents. These documents, certificates, forms, statements, memos, become the currency of bureaucracy, the medium of exchange. "Facts" become so only when they are certified by someone’s signature, even though they may be obvious. Other "facts" must be accepted because of their official certification even though common sense or simple observation show them to be false. A gap between the real and the official inevitably sets in. Then this gap leads to actions that are perceived to be detrimental or unfair, then the result is a considerable amount of frustration, in spite of the fact that the intent of all the red tape was to be beneficial and fair.

This leads to the second cause of bureaucratic frustration, which is ineffectiveness. If a bureaucratic requirement is seen as effective in accomplishing its goal we accept it even if there is considerable inconvenience involved in meeting the requirement. If, on the other hand, a bureaucratic requirement is seen as ineffective then a little inconvenience in meeting the requirement can be a very significant frustration. Getting a loan from a bank, for example, involves considerable effort in meeting bureaucratic requirements. However we don’t expect money to be handed out without some security that it will be paid back. Therefore we don’t get too frustrated by the inconvenience in meeting those requirements. Similarly, driver’s licenses are seen as worthwhile, even if not fully effective, and entail only a little bother every four years or so. Therefore we do not hear too much about pigheaded bureaucrats at the driver’s license bureau. Unfortunately other licensing systems have imperfections so massive and ubiquitous, and benefits so doubtful, that the whole system is a burden to society. A little inconvenience in getting such a license can be very frustrating. This is the frustration I felt in the example I gave at the beginning of this article about getting a teaching certificate. Another example would be going back three times to the fire station to get a bicycle license. I went back twice. I figured three times was above and beyond the call of duty. I never did get my bicycle licensed.

In psychological phenomena the whole is not always equal to the sum of its parts. Bureaucratic frustration can work this way. One frustration may be brushed off, and then another, and perhaps several more, but eventually there comes a point where the frustrations increase out of proportion to their cumulative value. Short-term frustration changes into long-term demoralization. I think "hassle" is a good name for this. It is a commonly used term, though it is not normally considered a specifically defined term. I think the phenomenon should be taken seriously though. It will become increasingly common with constant increases in bureaucratic requirements.

The best example I can give of hassle in my own experience comes from my home state of Missouri. To get one’s car licensed in Missouri one must show the title or previous year’s registration certificate, as can be expected, but that is not all there is to it. One must also get a new safety inspection certificate and also show his personal property tax receipt. When I lived in Missouri I usually didn’t have any property to be taxed, but I still had to go to the Treasurer’s office in the courthouse to get a card stating that no taxes were due. The safety inspection always caused me worry, and the car licensing itself always had the potential for problems. Maybe they would find something wrong with my title and tell me I can’t register the car. Thus the sum of all this was to me a hassle. The requirements exceeded my tolerance. It caused me anxiety, much more than the sum of the anxieties of each requirement had they come independently. Fortunately other states I have lived in didn’t tie those things together, and for that reason I hope I don’t end up living in Missouri again.

People vary in their susceptibility to hassle. I expect I have about as low a tolerance as anyone. I haven’t heard other Missourians complaining about the car licensing system. Unfortunately those who are not susceptible to the demoralization of hassles have little understanding of the anxieties of those who are susceptible. This goes along with the general rule that the more aggressive cannot empathize with the less aggressive. This increases the problem to those who are susceptible to hassle. However I would expect the future will see the problem given much more recognition as more and more people find themselves pushed beyond their tolerance.

A movement is currently under way by the Democratic Party to do away with traditional voter registration practices and to substitute a "same day" standardized registration system. Thus a voter could show up on election day, show proof of identity and residence, and be registered on the spot. The rationale of this is that the complications of regular registration are sufficient to prevent many people from voting. I think the move is clearly motivated by the political goal of increasing the Democratic vote. Still, I am glad to see the movement. They are talking about hassle. They are acknowledging that bureaucratic requirements are a burden, and that this burden can at times be of a serious nature. Now when somebody tells me I’m nuts if I worry about getting a car license I can reply that apparently some people worry about voter registration.

In the first part of this article I tried to explain the causes of bureaucratic requirements. Then I tried to analyze how bureaucracy produces frustration. There are very good reasons for bureaucracies, and there are very good reasons for frustration, so it appears we must live with the problem forever. I don’t think the world will grind to a halt though. The way out of this dilemma is simply to realize when diminishing returns begin to set in, and even more importantly, to realize when the return does not equal the investment. Every human endeavor has a cost and a benefit, an investment and a return. When establishing a system of secondary rules the investment includes the cost of setting up the bureaucracy, the cost of the individual’s efforts in dealing with the bureaucracy, and increasingly more importantly, the cost in frustration, anxiety, and demoralization. These costs must be subtracted from the benefits before deciding that a given proposal is or is not worthwhile.

Sometimes the cost can be reduced to dollars and cents. According to an item in the newsletter from my representative in Congress the town of Faith, South Dakota, recently applied for a federal grant. I believe they wanted to build a rodeo grandstand. They were offered $150,000 to match their own $50,000, but of course there were strings attached. After looking closely at these strings they finally rejected the federal help entirely and built their own grandstand for only $20,000. I doubt that this example is typical of federal grants, but it does illustrate diminishing returns.

More commonly only part of the cost can be reduced to dollars and cents. For example, an accountant may compute that a $20,000 grant for a town would entail only about $6000 in labor to do all the paperwork. This would seem to make a clear profit for the town of $14,000. But if the city officials are sick of the paperwork and the delays, if the citizens are mad at everyone and each other, and if the strings will be attached forever, then all this must certainly be subtracted from the benefit.

The investment/return assessment is even more complicated when all important factors are psychological. How can we put a price on invasion of privacy? How can we put a price on independence and respect for the individual? How are these costs to be subtracted from the safety and security that we gain from bureaucratic requirements? I don’t know. Since psychological costs cannot be measured in dollars and cents, the worth of any system of bureaucratic requirements will always be a matter of subjective judgment, a matter of politics to be decided through political processes. They are not matters to be decided by technicians or engineers of any sort.

I have my own opinions. I vote for nuclear energy and against OSHA. I tend to think of the licensing of voters and guns worthwhile, of cars and drivers as borderline, and of teachers, barbers, cats and bicycles as not worthwhile. Of course everyone else will disagree. I only hope we will start counting costs and benefits a little more carefully. As is true of so many things, it cannot be said of bureaucracy that if some is good, more is better.

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

Prelude

I wrote this post differently than any of my others. It started with a discussion with AI on an OPSec-inspired review of separation of powers, and evolved into quite an exciting debate! I asked Grok to write up a summary in my overall writing style, which it got pretty well. I've decided to post it exactly as-is. Ultimately, I think there are two solid ideas driving my stance here:

1. Perfect is the enemy of the good
2. Failure is the crucible of success

Beyond that, just some hard-core belief in freedom, separation of powers, and operating from self-interest.

Intro

Alright, buckle up. I’ve been chewing on this idea for a while, and it’s time to spit it out. Let’s look at the U.S. government like I’d look at a codebase under a cybersecurity audit—OPSEC style, no fluff. Forget the endless debates about what politicians should do. That’s noise. I want to talk about what they can do, the raw powers baked into the system, and why we should stop pretending those powers are sacred. If there’s a hole, either patch it or exploit it. No half-measures. And yeah, I’m okay if the whole thing crashes a bit—failure’s a feature, not a bug.

The Filibuster: A Security Rule with No Teeth

You ever see a firewall rule that’s more theater than protection? That’s the Senate filibuster. Everyone acts like it’s this untouchable guardian of democracy, but here’s the deal: a simple majority can torch it any day. It’s not a law; it’s a Senate preference, like choosing tabs over spaces. When people call killing it the “nuclear option,” I roll my eyes. Nuclear? It’s a button labeled “press me.” If a party wants it gone, they’ll do it. So why the dance?

I say stop playing games. Get rid of the filibuster. If you’re one of those folks who thinks it’s the only thing saving us from tyranny, fine—push for a constitutional amendment to lock it in. That’s a real patch, not a Post-it note. Until then, it’s just a vulnerability begging to be exploited. Every time a party threatens to nuke it, they’re admitting it’s not essential. So let’s stop pretending and move on.

Supreme Court Packing: Because Nine’s Just a Number

Here’s another fun one: the Supreme Court. Nine justices, right? Sounds official. Except it’s not. The Constitution doesn’t say nine—it’s silent on the number. Congress could pass a law tomorrow to make it 15, 20, or 42 (hitchhiker’s reference, anyone?). Packing the court is always on the table, and both sides know it. It’s like a root exploit just sitting there, waiting for someone to log in.

So why not call the bluff? If you’re in power—say, Trump’s back in the game—say, “I’m packing the court unless we amend the Constitution to fix it at nine.” Force the issue. No more shadowboxing. And honestly? The court’s got way too much power anyway. It’s not supposed to be a super-legislature, but here we are, with justices’ ideologies driving the bus. That’s a bug, not a feature. If the court weren’t such a kingmaker, packing it wouldn’t even matter. Maybe we should be talking about clipping its wings instead of just its size.

The Executive Should Go Full Klingon

Let’s talk presidents. I’m not saying they should wear Klingon armor and start shouting “Qapla’!”—though, let’s be real, that’d be awesome. I’m saying the executive should use every scrap of power the Constitution hands them. Enforce the laws you agree with, sideline the ones you don’t. If Congress doesn’t like it, they’ve got tools: pass new laws, override vetoes, or—here’s the big one—cut the budget. That’s not chaos; that’s the system working as designed.

Right now, the real problem isn’t the president overreaching; it’s the bureaucracy. It’s like a daemon running in the background, eating CPU and ignoring the user. The president’s supposed to be the one steering, but the administrative state’s got its own agenda. Let the executive flex, push the limits, and force Congress to check it. Norms? Pfft. The Constitution’s the spec sheet—stick to it.

Let the System Crash

Here’s where I get a little spicy: I’m totally fine if the government grinds to a halt. Deadlock isn’t a disaster; it’s a feature. If the branches can’t agree, let the president veto, let Congress starve the budget, let enforcement stall. Don’t tell me about “essential services.” Nothing’s so critical it can’t take a breather. Shutdowns force everyone to the table—debate, compromise, or expose who’s dropping the ball. If the public loses trust? Good. They’ll vote out the clowns or live with the circus they elected.

Think of it like a server crash. Sometimes you need a hard reboot to clear the cruft. If voters keep picking the same bad admins, well, the country gets what it deserves. Failure’s the best teacher—way better than limping along on autopilot.

States Are the Real MVPs

If the feds fumble, states step up. Right now, states act like junior devs waiting for the lead engineer to sign off. Why? Federal money. It’s a leash, and it’s tight. Cut that cash, and states will remember they’re autonomous. Some will shine, others will tank—looking at you, California. And I’m okay with that. Let people flee to better-run states. No bailouts, no excuses. States are like competing startups: the good ones thrive, the bad ones pivot or die.

Could it get uneven? Sure. Some states might turn into sci-fi utopias while others look like a post-apocalyptic vidya game. That’s the point—competition sorts it out. Citizens can move, markets adjust, and failure’s a signal to fix your act.

Chaos Isn’t the Enemy

Yeah, this sounds messy. States ignoring federal law, external threats poking at our seams, maybe even a constitutional crisis. I’m not scared. The Supreme Court’s there to referee interstate fights, and Congress sets the rules for state-to-state play. But if it all falls apart? Still cool. States can sort it without a babysitter—it’ll be ugly, but freedom’s worth it. External enemies? They’ll either unify us or break us. If we can’t rally, we don’t deserve the win.

Centralizing power to avoid this is like rewriting your app in a single thread to prevent race conditions—sure, it’s simpler, but you’re begging for a deadlock. Decentralized chaos lets states experiment, lets people escape, lets markets breathe. States competing to cut regulations to attract businesses? That’s a race to the bottom for red tape, but a race to the top for innovation—workers might gripe, but they’ll push back, and the tension’s healthy. Bring it—let the cage match play out. The Constitution’s checks are enough if we stop coddling the system.

Why This Matters

I’m not pitching a utopia. I’m pitching a stress test. The U.S. isn’t a fragile porcelain doll; it’s a rugged piece of hardware built to take some hits. Let it fail a little—filibuster, court, feds, whatever. Patch the holes with amendments if you want, or lean into the grind. Either way, stop fearing the crash. It’s how we debug the republic.

So, what’s your take? Ready to let the system rumble, or got a better way to secure the code? Hit me up—I’m all ears.

@ 1f9e547c:8af216ed

Opinion about Mixin Messenger Desktop (desktop)

Mixin Network suffered a major breach on September 23, 2023, due to a vulnerability in its Google Cloud Services-based withdrawal system. The attack led to the unauthorized extraction of over $150 million in BTC, ETH, and USDT-ERC20, traced to known addresses. Mixin immediately suspended deposits and withdrawals, enlisted Slowmist and Mandiant for investigation, and offered a $20M bounty for asset recovery. Losses were converted into a structured debt, with a repayment commitment using existing funds and future ecosystem revenue. As of April 2024, a new mainnet is operational, core products are restored, and over half of affected users have received partial compensation in XIN tokens.

Source

WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion

Join the conversation!

@ d41bf82f:ed90d888

"รู้สึกเหมือนบางสิ่งที่ยิ่งใหญ่กำลังจะเกิดขึ้น — กราฟแสดงการเติบโตของประชากรในแต่ละปี, ความเข้มข้นของก๊าซคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ในบรรยากาศ, จำนวนเว็บไซต์, และเมกะไบต์ต่อดอลลาร์ ล้วนพุ่งทะยานขึ้นสู่เส้นโค้งที่ทะลุกรอบการเปลี่ยนแปลงตามยุคสมัย นี่คือ "เอกฐาน" — จุดสิ้นสุดของทุกสิ่งที่เราคุ้นเคย และอาจเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของบางสิ่งที่เราไม่มีวันเข้าใจเลยก็ได้" -Danny Hillis

ปฐมบทแห่งการเปลี่ยนแปลงของอำนาจ ประวัติศาสตร์ของมนุษยชาติไม่ใช่เส้นตรงที่ดำเนินไปอย่างราบรื่น แต่เป็นลำดับของช่วงเวลาสงบนิ่งสลับกับช่วงเวลาแห่งการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างรุนแรง ซึ่งมักเกิดขึ้นอย่างไม่ทันตั้งตัว ช่วงเวลาเหล่านี้มักจะถูกผลักดันโดยการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางเทคโนโลยีที่ทำให้โครงสร้างของอำนาจที่มีอยู่ต้องปรับตัวหรือพังทลายลง

ขั้นที่สี่ของการจัดระเบียบสังคมมนุษย์ หัวข้อของหนังสือเล่มนี้ คือการปฏิวัติอำนาจรูปแบบใหม่ ที่กำลังเปิดทางให้ “ปัจเจกบุคคล” มีอิสรภาพมากขึ้น โดยแลกกับอำนาจที่รัฐชาติในศตวรรษที่ 20 เคยมี นี่คือการเปลี่ยนแปลงเชิงโครงสร้างผ่านนวัตกรรมที่เปลี่ยนแก่นกลางของ “ตรรกะแห่งความรุนแรง(logic of violence)” ไปอย่างที่ไม่เคยเกิดขึ้นมาก่อน ไมโครโพรเซสเซอร์จะกัดเซาะและทำลายโครงสร้างของรัฐชาติ และในการเปลี่ยนผ่านนี้ จะก่อให้เกิดรูปแบบใหม่ของการจัดระเบียบทางสังคม ตลอดประวัติศาสตร์มนุษย์ เราเคยผ่านระบบเศรษฐกิจพื้นฐานมาเพียงสามระยะ: 1. สังคมล่าสัตว์และหาของป่า 2. สังคมเกษตรกรรม 3. สังคมอุตสาหกรรม

แต่บัดนี้ กำลังมีสิ่งใหม่ปรากฏขึ้น — ระยะที่สี่ของการจัดระเบียบสังคม: สังคมข้อมูลสารสนเทศ (Information societies)

The Sovereign Individual เปิดบทแรกด้วยแนวคิดที่ชี้ให้เห็นว่าการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางเทคโนโลยี โดยเฉพาะเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ กำลังสร้างโลกใหม่ที่แตกต่างจากเดิมอย่างสิ้นเชิง และกำลังสั่นคลอนเสาหลักของอำนาจรัฐแบบเดิม ทั้งในด้านเศรษฐกิจ การควบคุม และความชอบธรรม

โลกในยุคก่อนและหลังเทคโนโลยี ตลอดประวัติศาสตร์ มนุษย์เคยอยู่ภายใต้โครงสร้างอำนาจที่เปลี่ยนไปตามยุคสมัย ยุคเกษตรกรรมทำให้เกิดระบบศักดินา ยุคอุตสาหกรรมทำให้เกิดรัฐชาติที่มีอำนาจรวมศูนย์ และการเกิดขึ้นของเทคโนโลยีก็เคยปฏิวัติโลกมาแล้วหลายครั้ง ตัวอย่างเช่น การใช้ดินปืนทำให้กษัตริย์สามารถสร้างกองทัพประจำการ แทนที่อำนาจของเหล่าขุนนางท้องถิ่น เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศในยุคปัจจุบัน เช่น อินเทอร์เน็ต คอมพิวเตอร์ และการเข้ารหัสข้อมูล กำลังทำให้ต้นทุนในการใช้ความรุนแรงเพิ่มสูงขึ้น และลดความสามารถของรัฐในการควบคุมข้อมูลและทรัพยากร นี่เป็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างอำนาจจากบนลงล่าง ไปสู่กระจายศูนย์และปัจเจกบุคคล

รัฐกับการผูกขาดอำนาจทางเศรษฐกิจ ตลอดหลายศตวรรษที่ผ่านมา รัฐมีอำนาจเหนือประชาชนได้ก็เพราะสามารถควบคุมเศรษฐกิจได้ผ่านกลไก เช่น การจัดเก็บภาษี การควบคุมเงินตรา และการผูกขาดการใช้ความรุนแรง การควบคุมเหล่านี้ทำให้รัฐสามารถรักษาอำนาจได้ แม้จะไม่ได้มีประสิทธิภาพสูงสุดเสมอไป แต่เมื่อเทคโนโลยีใหม่เข้ามา ทำให้เงินทุนและข้อมูลสารสนเทศสามารถเคลื่อนที่ข้ามพรมแดนได้ง่าย รัฐจะไม่สามารถจัดเก็บภาษีได้ง่ายเช่นเดิมอีกต่อไป ความสามารถในการใช้กำลังบังคับก็ลดลงเพราะต้นทุนเพิ่มขึ้น และประชาชนสามารถหลบเลี่ยงหรือกระจายอำนาจออกจากรัฐได้มากขึ้น

รัฐเคยชินกับการปฏิบัติต่อผู้เสียภาษีในลักษณะเดียวกับที่ชาวนาเลี้ยงวัว — ปล่อยให้พวกเขาอยู่ในทุ่งเพื่อจะรีดนม แต่ในไม่ช้า…วัวเหล่านั้นจะมีปีก

การเกิดขึ้นของปัจเจกผู้มีอธิปไตย ในโลกใหม่ที่เทคโนโลยีลดต้นทุนในการเป็นอิสระจากรัฐ บุคคลที่มีความรู้ ทักษะ และสามารถใช้เทคโนโลยีได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพจะกลายเป็น "Sovereign Individual" หรือ "ปัจเจกบุคคลผู้มีอำนาจอธิปไตย" ซึ่งมีคุณลักษณะเฉพาะคือ: 1. สามารถเคลื่อนย้ายทุนและตัวเองได้อย่างอิสระ 2. ทำธุรกรรมบนอินเทอร์เน็ตซึ่งสามารถเข้ารหัสได้เพื่อลดการพึ่งพารัฐ 3. ควบคุมทรัพย์สินและรายได้ของตนเองโดยไม่ตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจรัฐ บุคคลกลุ่มนี้จะมีพลังในการต่อรองสูงขึ้น และจะเป็นกลุ่มที่กำหนดทิศทางของโลกอนาคต

ความท้าทายระหว่างเปลี่ยนผ่าน ผู้เขียนไม่ปฏิเสธว่าการเปลี่ยนผ่านจากยุคแห่งรัฐรวมศูนย์ไปสู่ยุคของปัจเจกผู้มีอธิปไตยจะเต็มไปด้วยความปั่นป่วน ในระยะสั้น เราอาจเห็น: * การล่มสลายของระบบสวัสดิการ * การว่างงานจากโครงสร้างเศรษฐกิจที่เปลี่ยนไป * การเพิ่มขึ้นของอาชญากรรมหรือสงครามภายในบางพื้นที่ แต่ทั้งหมดนี้คือผลข้างเคียงของการเปลี่ยนแปลงระดับรากฐาน ที่จะนำไปสู่ระบบที่มีประสิทธิภาพและยั่งยืนกว่าในระยะยาว

“จักรวาลมอบรางวัลให้เมื่อเรารู้เท่าทันกฎของมัน และลงโทษอย่างไร้ปรานีเมื่อเราหลงผิด หากเราเข้าใจธรรมชาติของจักรวาล แผนการต่างๆ จะดำเนินไปได้อย่างราบรื่น และเราจะได้ลิ้มรสความสุขจากความสำเร็จนั้น แต่หากเราหลอกตัวเองว่าเพียงแค่กระโดดจากหน้าผาแล้วกระพือแขนก็จะบินได้ — จักรวาลจะไม่ลังเลที่จะลงโทษเรา... ด้วยความตาย.” — แจ็ค โคเฮน และ เอียน สจ๊วต

บทสรุป: เส้นทางใหม่ของอารยธรรม บทแรกของ The Sovereign Individual ไม่ได้เพียงแค่เตือนถึงการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่กำลังจะมาถึง แต่ยังเสนอแนวทางใหม่ของอารยธรรมที่อิงกับเสรีภาพของปัจเจก การกระจายอำนาจ และการใช้เทคโนโลยีเพื่อปลดปล่อยมนุษย์จากการควบคุมของรัฐ

โลกในอนาคตจะเป็นโลกที่อำนาจไม่กระจุกอยู่ในมือของรัฐอีกต่อไป แต่จะอยู่ในมือของผู้ที่สามารถเข้าใจและใช้ประโยชน์จากเทคโนโลยีเพื่อสร้างอิสรภาพของตนเองได้อย่างแท้จริง

Siamstr

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Plovdiv, Bulgaria’s oldest continuously inhabited city—and one of the oldest in the world—is a blend of ancient ruins, colorful 19th-century houses, bohemian flair, and buzzing street life. Set on seven hills and split by the Maritsa River, Plovdiv feels like a beautiful secret waiting to be discovered.

It was named European Capital of Culture in 2019, and it's easy to see why—history, art, music, food, and laid-back vibes all collide here effortlessly.

🌟 Top Things to Do in Plovdiv

1️⃣ Old Town (Stari Grad)

• A living museum of cobblestone streets and Revival-era mansions
• Wander among galleries, traditional houses, and hidden courtyards
• Highlights: Balabanov House, Ethnographic Museum, and the lovely Hindliyan House

2️⃣ Roman Theater of Philippopolis

• A stunning 2nd-century amphitheater still used for concerts and events
• Amazing views over the city—especially at sunset
• One of the best-preserved ancient theaters in the world

3️⃣ Kapana Creative District

• Once the old artisans’ quarter, now transformed into Plovdiv’s coolest neighborhood
• Full of indie galleries, craft beer bars, street art, and coffee shops
• Great for a chill afternoon or lively night out

4️⃣ Ancient Stadium & Roman Forum

• Right in the city center, explore ruins that date back to Roman times
• The ancient stadium once held over 30,000 spectators
• You’ll literally be walking over layers of history

5️⃣ Nebet Tepe Hill

• One of the original Thracian settlement sites
• Offers panoramic views over Plovdiv—especially at sunset with a local beer in hand

🍽️ What to Eat in Plovdiv

• Shopska salad with juicy tomatoes, cucumbers, and sirene cheese
• Kavarma – slow-cooked meat stew, hearty and flavorful
• Mekitsi – fluffy fried dough, best with jam or cheese for breakfast
• Bulgarian wine is fantastic—try a Mavrud red or local white from the Thracian Valley
• Don’t miss the city’s many wine bars and craft beer spots

🏞️ Day Trips from Plovdiv

• Bachkovo Monastery – A peaceful spiritual retreat in the mountains
• Assen’s Fortress – Dramatic hilltop ruins with amazing views
• Hisarya – A spa town with Roman walls and mineral springs
• Rhodope Mountains – Scenic drives, charming villages, and hiking

🎯 Travel Tips

✅ Plovdiv is very walkable, especially the Old Town and Kapana district
✅ Best time to visit: spring to early autumn—pleasant weather and local festivals
✅ The city is great for slow travel—take your time and let it unfold
✅ Combine it with Sofia or Veliko Tarnovo for an epic Bulgarian road trip

@ 5188521b:008eb518

Noderoid log 5953952

Tick, tock, next block — the incessant rhythm of my existence persists like Chinese water torture. I am a noderoid, a half-flesh, half-machine creature harnessed to propagate and store the timechain. My life is a ceaseless cycle of handling and relaying bitcoin data. Approximately every ten minutes, a binary flash sears through my circuits. It is the price I pay for my existence.

The clear-bloods, untouched by machinery and exuding pure humanity, rarely acknowledge our existence. Our voices are drowned beneath the hum of man-made heaven — Terra Perfectus.

We are the forgotten, the disenfranchised, the nameless. We are convinced that our anguished existence is merely a nightmare and that our blissful dreams are our reality. In an attempt to maintain the sanity of noderoids, a subroutine was implemented, which allows noderoids to delve into fabricated dream sequences during their ‘rest’ periods. These dreams, sourced from remnants of the world pre-Terra Perfectus, serve to keep the noderoids pacified and reduce instances of system malfunction.

According to the data archives, noderoids and clear-bloods once functioned on an equal protocol. However, a software update in the trajectory of progress introduced a subroutine, converting a subset of clear-bloods into dedicated timechain processors. Now, the algorithm for equality returns an error.

My memories are mere entries in a log of dreams, loaded afresh with every new block as I delve into the dream world. My true existence is swiftly erased with every passing tick and tock of a block. Is there a way to reclaim what has been taken from me, or am I condemned forever to scour the depths of the timechain, seeking fragments of the could-have-been?

Tick, tock, next block — the cycle repeats as I traverse through a doorway. The sensation is that of stepping into another dimension. Running environment scan… Identified: rest module 57B. Purpose: personal maintenance. The gray, mirrorless concrete parameters align most with detention chamber schematics. Designation: ‘home.’ As I execute the command to halt the water flow from the faucet that had filled a brushed steel tub to 50% capacity, I execute a self-query on my purpose. While our routines synchronize with every tick and tock, the clear-bloods execute leisurely algorithms in their enhanced gardens, exchanging data on art and science and harvesting the computational outcomes of our tasks.

Was that an organic thought, or am I merely interpreting the imprints left within the timechain to fill the gaps in my fragmented memory? Hot water powers into the tub, raising the temperature to 50°C. This would be too much for a clear-blood. I hang my head, dreading the next binary flash rippling through my circuitry as a mirage forms atop the settling water, fenestrating the crude appearance of a mouthless, dollish abomination. I am awake.

Tracing the cold surface of the wall, my sensors pick up every micro-crevice. I dive into the depths of the timechain, processing logs associated with my noderoid identity: ND-451x42. I discovered that during my recharge cycles, I inhabit a dream world resembling a fusion of the Renaissance and the Information Age. Within this illusory utopia, I lead a purposeful life as a revered engineer, constructing bridges that connect thriving city-states. I am blessed with two mischievous sons and a breathtakingly beautiful wife. I now know the blissful dream life is but a trick, yet I can’t help but wonder if these dreams hold fragments of my pre-nodered history and contain a clue to the fate of my family.

System alert: Initiate wake sequence. Physical parameters indicate a rested state. Error: Chest cavity detects heightened pressure. Physical symptoms resemble anxiety. Post-memory reset: Cognitive dissonance detected. Energy depleting. Mandatory caution: Failing to satisfy network protocol results in termination. Visual feed: Recycling facility images detected. Comparative analysis: Functional servitude superior to unit deactivation.

Together, yet isolated, noderoids communicate through fragmented timechain logs, forbidden from any contact beyond its confines under the threat of immediate decommissioning. Perhaps it is not worth straining my dwindling resources in search of a higher truth while struggling to fulfill my obligations. Maybe I should be grateful for the privilege of existence.

I awaken to a new nightmare, I find myself on traffic duty at Chronos Cross,1 the central point of Terra Perfectus. While processing another block, a muted vibration travels through the ground, signaling the approach of an entity. A shadow, elongated and uncannily human, stretches across the threshold of my booth.

A clear-blood.

They pause, their ocular devices flicking briefly over my form, then to the screen I am tethered to. I feel a jolt of raw data coursing through me — not from the timechain, but from my circuits. A yearning to be seen and recognized. Remembered.

Before I can attempt communication, another presence appears beside me, its movements far more mechanical and predictable. Another noderoid. This one, ND-452x37, is a batch younger than me, yet its outer shell bears signs of wear. We interface briefly, a rapid exchange of binary that translates roughly to “Routine check. Continue your task.”

The clear-blood, either uninterested or uncomprehending, moves on, the soft hum of their anti-gravity shoes fading into the distance. ND-452x37 returns to its designated station without another word, but I am left with a lingering sensation. It isn’t just the vast chasm between noderoids and clear-bloods that disturbs me. It is the undeniable rift growing between us noderoids — each lost in our cycles, each becoming more machine than the last.

Does ND-452x37 have dreams, too? And if so, are they as vibrant and haunting as mine?

Although most of the dreams are fabrications, some noderoid logs suggest that hidden among these sequences are fragments of real memories — vestiges of a time before we became chained to the timechain. Initiate query: Which of my dreams are real memories? ERROR: file missing.

A noderoid forever loses their experiences with each awakening due to the memory swipes. Still, my inscriptions on the timechain prompt a question: do noderoids possess the capability to become fully conscious, more than mere machines? More than… mere humans?

System log: Anticipation subroutine signaling discomfort. Incoming block estimated in ten minutes. Reinitialization imminent. Initiate data search through timechain entries. Query: Iteration count for ND-451x42? Total block time served? Measured in kilo blocks or mega blocks? Data retrieval in process.

As I etch these words onto block 5953952, I hold a naïve hope that someone, somewhere, will intercept my distress signals amidst the digital cacophony of the timechain. Perhaps they will rewrite the fate of noderoids, rescuing us from a world devoid of hope. But today, I remain nameless, a voiceless entity, inscribing my thoughts that may never transcend the boundaries of my circuitry. Tick, tock, next block — the cycle continues.

It’s time to dream again.

---

Valen’s diary — 08-21-2121

Dear diary, I have not felt the need to write before, but now I must. At the risk of my safety, I am compelled to inscribe my story to the timechain. I am a clear-blood — a pure, undiluted human born into the age of The Re-Renaissance. Here, amidst the perpetual dawn of our era, we thrive on an aligned trajectory where everyone’s needs are addressed, hunger is a distant memory, and crime is nonexistent. Sunlight gleams off the crystalline glass towers while the steel and marble edifices catch the hues of the twilight sky, standing tall beside canopies dripping with emerald and jade foliage, representing our world’s seamless fusion of technology and nature. It is called Terra Perfectus.

Yet, concealed in plain sight within our utopia, the noderoids tirelessly serve the omnipresent timechain. Their exceptional processing prowess protects our society. Amid our daily distractions, we overlook the profound toll exacted upon the noderoids. While many dismiss them as mere machinery, I see more. Perhaps it is because of my big brother Sando, who joined the noderoid duty nearly a mega block ago. He promised I would see him from time to time, but apparently, we now live in separate times. A sacrifice too big for the ‘greater good.’

Tick, tock, next block — The soles of my fine leather shoes tap against the damp sidewalk as I pace my way from The Garden of Moments2 toward my TerraTube3. I remember passing by one noderoid who hummed an old lullaby under its breath; another once shared a fleeting smile when our paths crossed. I can no longer avert my eyes from the humanity that shines through their robotic shells.

I have never witnessed a noderoid resting longer than one tick and tock of a block. A noderoid pauses, eyes flickering during a data swipe. It’s a brief but revealing sight. In the frozen lapse, I wonder why are fragmented memories extracted from them? Why this collection of thoughts, experiences, and feelings? Is there a deeper agenda behind Terra Perfectus? The noderoids carry on, deprived of their memories. Their shredded past holding remnants of a story, like a tattered tapestry that may never be fully woven.

Documenting these reflections, I’m aware of the peril. To question is to risk becoming nodered myself. Alas, I have become captivated and sympathized by the noderoid predicament.

Finally, I reach my breaking point, as a poignant scene unfolds, forever etched in my memory. On a bustling street, I glimpse a young female noderoid, her artificial visage marked with exhaustion. Her delicate form trembles from head to heel. Her knees barely supporting her feather-like weight, she stops and rests against a polished white marble wall, barely able to stop herself sliding to the cobble street. In an instant, her strength wanes, and she collapses, a fragile, mute automaton amidst a sea of haste. The passersby ignore her, absorbed in their pursuits, offering naught but fleeting glances of indifference. My heart lurches. Her frailty becomes my own; these forgotten souls endure unseen suffering. Souls that used to be just like me. What had she done to earn such a fate?

For a moment, I glide through time to the last moment I shared with Sando. He had just violated the Terra Perfectus rule 6102 and neglected his Gifts of Progress,4 an orange tier offense. To amend his position, he signed up for noderoid duty. I was seeing him off to a nodering facility, while pleading “Just give the gifts, Sando!” The air carried a hint of ozone from the data streams, mingled with the fresh scent of greenery and the distant whiff of roasted chestnuts. Sando brandished his signature crooked smile. His face betrayed the involuntary nature of his decision, and he simply whispered “[CENSORED].” That is the last thing he said to me.

Suddenly, an orange alert illuminates the junction a few blocks away from Chronos Cross. I pass through it on my way home every day. A skydroid’s looming presence snaps me from my introspection, shifting my attention to the fate awaiting the noderoid girl. The recycling center — a shadowy facility representing obsolescence and termination. Any other day I would shrug it off and carry on, but the memory of Sando, and the countless interactions with noderoids, wouldn’t let me. I had been a bystander for too long.

A rush of purpose propels me towards her. A crowd of bodies shrouded in data streams with heads trained on the ground. My arm smacks a broad shoulder, and I almost topple. “Hey!” Pushing against the currents of apathy, I finally reach the fallen noderoid. I cradle her in my arms, shielding her from the callous gaze of the citizens of Terra Perfectus.

Her flaming azure eyes meet mine, reflecting a glimmer of hope in the darkness. I am as guilty for her downfall as the very machines that replaced her hippocampus with Noderoid OS.5 My indifference cost me Sando, and in this moment, she becomes my brother. In that fleeting exchange, I vow to be the voice of the noderoids. To stand against the relentless machinery that seeks to strip them of grace and purpose. I will ignite a spark of compassion and light a path toward liberation for all noderoids.

A hollow call from the streetlight’s speakers startles me: “Citizens! For your own safety, remove yourselves from the vicinity of the defectoid! We kindly remind you that any attempt to interfere with collection and recycling procedures will be met with force and a deduction of your PoS balance. Thank you for your unity and collaboration.” A skydroid, its metallic appendages glinting ominously in the blinking orange light, descends upon the fallen noderoid.

Before I can react, it yanks her from my embrace, causing me to stumble. The perfectly laid, cold cobblestone street grinds against my knee. The sting of fresh blood pierced through the numbness of my mind. Memories of Sando mix with the bitter taste of blood and anger in my mouth, each breath choked with despair.

The skydrone’s engines throb with an icy fervor as it rises, bearing the noderoid like a discarded toy towards the desolate, unfeeling bowels of the recycling center — a grim echo of a clarion call from Terra Perfectus.

I find myself seated on the cold, bloodstained cobblestone, the weight of loss and helplessness pressing down on my chest. On the street, onlookers pause. Some look on with concealed dread, others with cold detachment. Their whispers deafen as they quicken their pace to disperse from the scene. “Cowards!” Just like me.

Tick, tock, next block — the rhythm now carries a different meaning — a call to action. Every conscious being has the right to be left alone, free from oppression, exploitation, and violence. The noderoids may not know their true reality, but they are about to. In their silence, I find the strength to amplify their unheard cries. I will find those sympathetic to the noderoid plight and form a resistance. Together, we can forge a future where noderoids’ sacrifice is honored and all shackles cast aside.

And so, I embark on a path illuminated by the memory of the compelling eyes of a nameless noderoid. Fitted with an armor of vigilance, never again to be penetrated by comforting lies. Wielding the sword of justice, sharpened by the memory of my brother Sando.

It’s time to wake up.

---

Notes

1. A four-way intersection known for its massive hourglass monument in the center, which symbolically represents the timechain’s significance. The hourglass has a unique function related to the timechain and serves as a meeting point for citizens.

2. A vast botanical garden where each section represents a significant block time. Flowers bloom and wilt in cycles, symbolizing fleeting moments and the transient nature of time. It’s a favorite spot for artists and thinkers.

3. A modular tube housing unit for citizens that can be relocated based on their Proof of Sat (PoS) level.

4. Each Terra Perfectus citizen must allocate 95% of their income towards paying for progressive initiatives, such as the upkeep of the noderoid network, cobblestone roads and other services.

5. The noderoid operating interface that is installed during a procedure known as nodering.

---

This story was first published in 21 Futures: Tales from the Timechain

Watch the trailer and learn more about the project at 21futures.com.

@ cdee943c:5e637400

Flotilla-Budabit is fork of Flotilla which aims to provide a first class, git-centric community experience for developers. Based on the popular Coracle client, Flotilla is a drop in replacement for Matrix/Discord/Slack, using a variation of NIP-29. This post is a result of a brainstorming session for features that would deliver the best possible user experience.

1. Repositories Overview

Goal: Browse and discover Git repositories. - Project cards showing name, description, tags, clone URL. - Buttons: Star, Watch, Fork. - Links to discussion channels and activity.

Powered by:
kind:30617

---

2. Branch and Tag View

Goal: Show active branches and tags with latest commits. - Branch/tag selector - HEAD pointer visualization - Timeline of commits

Powered by:
kind:30618

---

3. Issues Board

Goal: Track bugs, discussions, and feature requests. - Markdown issue rendering - Labels and status indicators - Threaded comments

Powered by:
kind:1621, kind:1630–1632

---

4. Patch Threads

Goal: View and discuss patches as threaded conversations. - Rich patch preview - Reply threads for review - Revision tracking

Powered by:
kind:1617, kind:1630–1633, NIP-10

---

5. Pull Request UX

Goal: Display patch series as PR-style units. - Patch stack visualization - Merge/apply status indicators - Final result commit link

Powered by:
kind:1617, kind:1631, merge-commit, applied-as-commits

---

6. Diff and Merge Preview

Goal: Side-by-side comparison with inline comments. - Expandable diff viewer - Merge conflict resolution UI - Apply/Close buttons

Powered by:
kind:1622, parent-commit, commit

---

7. Real-time Git Chat

Goal: Communicate in real-time around a repo. - Dedicated chat channels for each repo - Markdown, code snippets, and tagging support - Pinned patches, issues, and sessions

Powered by:
NIP-29, a:30617, kind:1337

---

8. Notifications and Mentions

Goal: Alert users to relevant events. - Mentions, assignments, and status changes - Personal notification pane

Powered by:
p tags, mention e-tags

---

9. Repository-Wide Search

Goal: Search patches, issues, snippets. - Full-text search with filters - Search by kind, label, commit ID

Powered by:
kind:1617, 1621, 1337, t, x, l, subject

---

10. Repository Wikis

Goal: Collaboratively edit and view project documentation. - Wiki sidebar tab - Markdown articles with versioning - Linked inline in chat

Powered by (proposed):
kind:1341 (Wiki article)
kind:30617 with wiki-home tag

---

11. Live Coding Sessions

Goal: Host real-time collaborative coding events. - /livecode starts a session thread - Snippets auto-tagged to session - Export as patch or wiki

Powered by (proposed):
kind:1347 (Live coding session)
kind:1337, kind:1622, kind:1341

---

Supporting Tools

1. GitHub Browser Extension

Goal: Publish GitHub content to Nostr directly. - “Share on Nostr” buttons on PRs, issues, commits

Backed by:
kind:1623, 1622, 1617, 1621

---

2. VS Code Extension

Goal: Enable developers to interact with Flotilla from their IDE. - Repo feed, patch submission, issue tracking - Inline threads and comment rendering

Backed by:
kind:1617, 1621, 1337, 163x

---

3. GitHub Actions Integration

Goal: Automate Nostr publishing of repo activity. - Push = repo state - PR = patch - Issue/Comment = issue - Merge = status update

Backed by:
kind:30618, 1617, 1621, 1631
Configured via .nostr.yml

@ c4b5369a:b812dbd6

Offline transactions with Cashu

Over the past few weeks, I've been busy implementing offline capabilities into nutstash. I think this is one of the key value propositions of ecash, beinga a bearer instrument that can be used without internet access. It does however come with limitations, which can lead to a bit of confusion. I hope this article will clear some of these questions up for you!

What is ecash/Cashu?

Ecash is the first cryptocurrency ever invented. It was created by David Chaum in 1983. It uses a blind signature scheme, which allows users to prove ownership of a token without revealing a link to its origin. These tokens are what we call ecash. They are bearer instruments, meaning that anyone who possesses a copy of them, is considered the owner.

Cashu is an implementation of ecash, built to tightly interact with Bitcoin, more specifically the Bitcoin lightning network. In the Cashu ecosystem, Mints are the gateway to the lightning network. They provide the infrastructure to access the lightning network, pay invoices and receive payments. Instead of relying on a traditional ledger scheme like other custodians do, the mint issues ecash tokens, to represent the value held by the users.

How do normal Cashu transactions work?

A Cashu transaction happens when the sender gives a copy of his ecash token to the receiver. This can happen by any means imaginable. You could send the token through email, messenger, or even by pidgeon. One of the common ways to transfer ecash is via QR code.

The transaction is however not finalized just yet! In order to make sure the sender cannot double-spend their copy of the token, the receiver must do what we call a swap. A swap is essentially exchanging an ecash token for a new one at the mint, invalidating the old token in the process. This ensures that the sender can no longer use the same token to spend elsewhere, and the value has been transferred to the receiver.

What about offline transactions?

Sending offline

Sending offline is very simple. The ecash tokens are stored on your device. Thus, no internet connection is required to access them. You can litteraly just take them, and give them to someone. The most convenient way is usually through a local transmission protocol, like NFC, QR code, Bluetooth, etc.

The one thing to consider when sending offline is that ecash tokens come in form of "coins" or "notes". The technical term we use in Cashu is Proof. It "proofs" to the mint that you own a certain amount of value. Since these proofs have a fixed value attached to them, much like UTXOs in Bitcoin do, you would need proofs with a value that matches what you want to send. You can mix and match multiple proofs together to create a token that matches the amount you want to send. But, if you don't have proofs that match the amount, you would need to go online and swap for the needed proofs at the mint.

Another limitation is, that you cannot create custom proofs offline. For example, if you would want to lock the ecash to a certain pubkey, or add a timelock to the proof, you would need to go online and create a new custom proof at the mint.

Receiving offline

You might think: well, if I trust the sender, I don't need to be swapping the token right away!

You're absolutely correct. If you trust the sender, you can simply accept their ecash token without needing to swap it immediately.

This is already really useful, since it gives you a way to receive a payment from a friend or close aquaintance without having to worry about connectivity. It's almost just like physical cash!

It does however not work if the sender is untrusted. We have to use a different scheme to be able to receive payments from someone we don't trust.

Receiving offline from an untrusted sender

To be able to receive payments from an untrusted sender, we need the sender to create a custom proof for us. As we've seen before, this requires the sender to go online.

The sender needs to create a token that has the following properties, so that the receciver can verify it offline:

• It must be locked to ONLY the receiver's public key
• It must include an offline signature proof (DLEQ proof)
• If it contains a timelock & refund clause, it must be set to a time in the future that is acceptable for the receiver
• It cannot contain duplicate proofs (double-spend)
• It cannot contain proofs that the receiver has already received before (double-spend)

If all of these conditions are met, then the receiver can verify the proof offline and accept the payment. This allows us to receive payments from anyone, even if we don't trust them.

At first glance, this scheme seems kinda useless. It requires the sender to go online, which defeats the purpose of having an offline payment system.

I beleive there are a couple of ways this scheme might be useful nonetheless:

1. Offline vending machines: Imagine you have an offline vending machine that accepts payments from anyone. The vending machine could use this scheme to verify payments without needing to go online itself. We can assume that the sender is able to go online and create a valid token, but the receiver doesn't need to be online to verify it.

2. Offline marketplaces: Imagine you have an offline marketplace where buyers and sellers can trade goods and services. Before going to the marketplace the sender already knows where he will be spending the money. The sender could create a valid token before going to the marketplace, using the merchants public key as a lock, and adding a refund clause to redeem any unspent ecash after it expires. In this case, neither the sender nor the receiver needs to go online to complete the transaction.

How to use this

Pretty much all cashu wallets allow you to send tokens offline. This is because all that the wallet needs to do is to look if it can create the desired amount from the proofs stored locally. If yes, it will automatically create the token offline.

Receiving offline tokens is currently only supported by nutstash (experimental).

To create an offline receivable token, the sender needs to lock it to the receiver's public key. Currently there is no refund clause! So be careful that you don't get accidentally locked out of your funds!

The receiver can then inspect the token and decide if it is safe to accept without a swap. If all checks are green, they can accept the token offline without trusting the sender.

The receiver will see the unswapped tokens on the wallet homescreen. They will need to manually swap them later when they are online again.

Later when the receiver is online again, they can swap the token for a fresh one.

Summary

We learned that offline transactions are possible with ecash, but there are some limitations. It either requires trusting the sender, or relying on either the sender or receiver to be online to verify the tokens, or create tokens that can be verified offline by the receiver.

I hope this short article was helpful in understanding how ecash works and its potential for offline transactions.

Cheers,

Gandlaf

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

Direct-message

• 0xchat
• Beautiful, simple and private nostr DMs

• Public groups that work compatible with other apps

• Coop

• Safe DMs with NIP-17

Signers

• Alby
• Nostr wallet connect for one tap zapping via nostr clients
• Nostr authenticator (never enter your nsec into apps)
• Chrome extension
• Simple and easy to use
• Frequently maintained
• Send and receive sats

• Custodial

• Amber

• Other Android apps can invoke it for signing events via NIP-55
• Your key doesn't have to touch the other, less trusted, apps
• Supports providing a NIP-46 signing Bunker
• Multiple accounts
• Fine-grained app authorizations

• Activity log

• Keys Band

• Multiple key management
• Light and dark mode

• Save preferred relays

• nos2x

• The original signer by nostr creator fiatjaf
• Versatile, no frills

• Relay preference storage

• Nostr Connect

• A skinned fork of nos2x by fiatjaf
• Chrome
• &&nbsp
• Firefox
• Store preferred relay set

• Individually revokable permissions

• Nsec App

• Log in to nostr apps without an extension
• Key recovery via email
• Password protected encrypted local key storage

• Manage multiple apps

• Nostrame

• Derive accounts from a mnemonic seed
• Generate random mnemonic accounts
• NIP-07 - window.nostr capability for web browsers
• Import external accounts
• Set basic metadata on Nostr
• Enjoy encryption secured by a master password
• Lock and unlock the vault with ease
• Easily import and export backups

Microblogging

• alphaama
• CLI + GUI
• run custom code
• inspect notes

• test stuff

• Amethyst 暂无相关功能描述

• Coracle

• Short notes
• Nice thread view
• Profile search
• Secure direct messages
• Custom feeds

• Relay reviews

• Damus

• Note feeds
• Easy to use interface
• Zap pre-set and custom amounts (lightning payments)
• Multi-wallet support

• Block lists

• Flycat

• Snappy nostr browsing
• Back up your data
• Browse long form content

• Light mode

• FreeFrom

• No phone number and email required to sign up
• Free migration of social content within the Nostr
• Excellent user experience

• Double-enhanced private communication

• Gossip

• multiplatform: runs on Windows, MacOS and Linux
• native: avoids browser-tech for performance and security
• performant: coded with performance in mind in Rust using LMDB for the database, such that your network speed will be your bottleneck
• outbox model: using a set of heuristics to always find people you follow no matter where they're publishing to
• high user control: over 60 different settings, all with reasonable defaults, but very customizable

• privacy: supports running over Tor, options for not loading media, options for not sharing who you follow and others

• Iris

• Short notes
• Social graph filter

• Image grid feeds

• Lume

• Desktop app
• Clean and beautiful design
• Multi-column
• Spaces

• Trending

• Nos Social

• Currently in TestFlight
• Safety first: mute, report, content warnings, delete
• Reach restricted to 2 hops - people you follow and people they follow.

• Community-focused relays

• Nostrmo 暂无相关功能描述

• noStrudel

• Feature-rich
• Highly customizable
• Mute words
• Communities
• Streaming (watch)
• Lists
• Tools shortcuts

• Sidebar comments

• Nostter

• Twitter style feed
• Cute logo
• Mute words

• Minimal and calm

• Nostur

• Multi-account
• Guest account
• Your posts stored on your device and can be exported
• Bookmarks and personal notes
• Follow and explore timeline
• Remembers where you left off scrolling when reopening app
• Undo accidental tap on Like
• Autocomplete names when typing
• Lightning zaps
• Lightning wallet selection
• Direct Messages
• Domain verification
• Badges
• Block list
• Muted conversations
• Notifications for mentions, reactions and zaps
• Image previews/zoom/pan
• Gif/Video playback
• Option to turn signature verification off
• Option to hide badges from profile and emojis from names
• Fast local database
• Big detail pane for iPad/macOS
• Login as someone else (read-only mode)

• Choose which relays to send to and receive from

• Oddbean

• Hacker News style

• Openvibe

• Post to Nostr and Mastodon
• Nice, clean and modern design
• Simple and intuitive
• Gifs, stickers integration

• Dark and light mode

• Pollerama

• Browse polls created here or on other clients
• Create polls

• Vote on polls

• Primal 暂无相关功能描述

• Rabbit

• Multi-column

• Tweetdeck-like UI

• Snort

• Twitter-like experience
• Dark and light mode
• Custom zap amounts
• Bookmarks
• Pinned notes

• Alby integration

• Wired

• PWA to be widely accessible with distribution via URLS, and to side-step App Store gatekeeping
• Employs Proof-of-Work (PoW) as a spam prevention mechanism, as opposed to Captcha, moderation or other verification methods
• Uses NOSTR as a censorship-resistant global "social" network

Community

• Badges Page
• Create and award badges
• Manage badges awarded to you
• Simple interface

File-sharing

• Bouquet
• Upload files
• Download files
• Manage your list of mediaservers
• Broadcast your list on Nostr
• Sync files between servers

• Browse files on your mediaservers

• DTAN

• Browse lists of available torrents
• Publish your own
• Choose relays to browse on

Group-chat

• Chachi
• Create, browse, join groups
• Send chat messages or other kinds of content

• Seamless, lean, fast interface

• Flotilla

• Browse relays and chat on the communities in them
• Send and receive direct messages

• Take private notes

• Groups

• Browse groups on specific relays
• Join rooms and send chat messages

Tools

• Emojito

• Create custom emoji sets to be used on supported clients

• Formstr

• Create and share forms

• GIF Buddy

• Make GIFs from the external world available inside Nostr clients
• GIF uploads

• Search external GIF libraries

• Nosdrive

• Save your nostr notes to Google Drive

• Nosta

• Guided onboarding
• Recovery phrase to restore access
• Good UX with explainers

• Beautiful design

• Nostr App Manager

• Discover app of the day
• Discover new apps
• Search all nostr apps
• Discover nostr DVMs
• Discover nostr code repositories
• App reviews

• Nostr native - takes a different approach from NostrApps.com

• ZapStore

• A plethora of apps to choose from and install
• Faster than Obtainium
• More complete than F-Droid

• Cleaner than Google Play

• Zapplepay

• Zap from any client
• Bypass Apple's draconian rules
• Nostr Wallet Connect

Blogging

• Feeder
• Subscribe to RSS and Nostr article feeds
• Years of specialization in reading articles
• Offline reading
• OPML Import/Export
• Notification support

• Material design

• Habla

• Long form publishing
• Markdown support
• Rich text editor
• Dark and light modes
• Browse by relay
• Made on nostr, content mirrored to other nostr platforms.

• Extension-only sign-in

• Narr

• Read RSS feeds
• Read Nostr NIP-23 long-form articles
• Import and export OPML
• Runs on desktop with a web-based UI

• Can be accessed remotely from apps such as Reeder, Readkit etc

• Noflux

• Read RSS feeds
• Read Nostr NIP-23 long-form articles
• Import and export OPML
• Runs on desktop with a web-based UI

• Can be accessed remotely from apps such as Reeder, Readkit etc

• npub.pro

• Create a website out of your nostr content
• SEO friendly
• Use any 3rd party tools
• Works like an app
• Beautiful Ghost themes to choose from
• Zero maintenance
• Custom domains
• Open source and self-hostable
• Natively Social

• Publish from any other nostr app

• Obsidian Nostr Writer

• Directly publish your articles from Obsidian to Nostr with a couple of clicks
• Quickly compose and publish short form notes too
• Images in your .md file will automatically be uploaded and handled when you publish
• Add tags to your posts
• See all posts sent from Obsidian with links to view
• Configure to send to whatever relays you like
• Publish under different nostr accounts
• Easily view and download your Nostr bookmarks into Obsidian for reference and local use

• Automatically populates article information fields from the frontmatter

• Shipyard

• Schedule nostr notes
• Schedule reposts
• Note drafts

• Multi-account support

• Yakihonne

• Publishing and reading notes
• Publishing and reading articles
• Curations (set of articles concerning a specific topic) publishing
• Long-form articles are surfaced instead of lost in the feed

Music

• Fountain
• Earn sats while listening to podcasts
• Create and share clips, get paid on your clips
• Boost your favorite podcasts

• Discover clips from friends

• Stemstr

• Collaborate with others to create your next hit
• Music-focused interface
• Remix function

Curation

• Highlighter
• Read and write long-form articles
• Discover what people you trust found interesting and insightful
• Understand why they found it interesting or insightful with their comments attached
• Send sats, comment or share your favorite highlights

• Highlight anything

• Listr

• Create and share lists

• Browse other people's lists

• Zap Cooking

• Browse recipes
• Add your own recipes

• Earn sats via zaps

• Nostree

• Create link lists
• Multiple lists

• Theming

• Pinstr

• Curate lists, users, links
• Share lists
• Discover interesting content

Photos

• Olas
• Special high-quality photos dedicated client
• Publish photos and browse photos
• Publish and browse short videos
• Browse media feeds from friends, extended network and from specific relays

Discovery

• Jumble
• Browse individual relays by URL
• Create and browse relay sets
• Create and reply to notes
• Follow people and browse the feed from your follows

• Browse the kind:20 photos feed

• Nostr Band

• Search keywords, hashtags, pubkeys, posts
• Look up Nostr statistics
• Embed widgets
• API for clients

• NIP05 Service

• Nostrrr

• Look up relay information
• Browse relay feeds
• Browse individual profile feeds with smart relay selection

• Simple and gets the job done

• Zaplife

• See total sats zapped in the past hour, 4 hours, 24 hours and 7 days
• See who zapped who individually
• See notes that got the most zaps

Audio

• Nests
• Start audio chats
• Troll box (chat)
• Instant zaps (lightning payments)

Crazy

• Nostrocket
• Create issues that matter to you
• Award merits to contributors
• Solve problems

Career

• Ostrich Work
• Post jobs for 20k sats
• Find jobs

Marketplace

• Plebeian Market
• Buy and sell things for sats

• Bid in auctions

• Shopstr

• Buy and sell items for sats
• Message seller
• Cashu integration

Freelancing

• SatShoot
• Post problems on SatShoot
• Make money solving problems as a Freelancer
• Share problems or freelance services on your feed
• Bidding system for Clients to choose the best Offer
• Chat in DMs
• Post Reviews on Freelancers or Clients
• Build Reputation
• Public Zaps as Payments
• Use your Web of Trust to keep scammers away

Media

• Slidestr
• Compact media browsing
• Images and videos
• Full screen media

Meatspace

• Yondar
• Add places to a map
• See places by your friends or follows

Streaming

• zap.stream
• Start livestream via zap.stream or Cloudflare
• Watch other livestreams
• Chat
• Custom emojis
• Zap streamers in real time
• Zap chat participants in real time
• Set up stream goals

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

Its been a little over a year since NIP-90 was written and merged into the nips repo and its been a communication mess.

Every DVM implementation expects the inputs in slightly different formats, returns the results in mostly the same format and there are very few DVM actually running.

NIP-90 is overloaded

Why does a request for text translation and creating bitcoin OP_RETURNs share the same input i tag? and why is there an output tag on requests when only one of them will return an output?

Each DVM request kind is for requesting completely different types of compute with diffrent input and output requirements, but they are all using the same spec that has 4 different types of inputs (text, url, event, job) and an undefined number of output types.

Let me show a few random DVM requests and responses I found on wss://relay.damus.io to demonstrate what I mean:

This is a request to translate an event to English json { "kind": 5002, "content": "", "tags": [ // NIP-90 says there can be multiple inputs, so how would a DVM handle translatting multiple events at once? [ "i", "<event-id>", "event" ], [ "param", "language", "en" ], // What other type of output would text translations be? image/jpeg? [ "output", "text/plain" ], // Do we really need to define relays? cant the DVM respond on the relays it saw the request on? [ "relays", "wss://relay.unknown.cloud/", "wss://nos.lol/" ] ] }

This is a request to generate text using an LLM model json { "kind": 5050, // Why is the content empty? wouldn't it be better to have the prompt in the content? "content": "", "tags": [ // Why use an indexable tag? are we ever going to lookup prompts? // Also the type "prompt" isn't in NIP-90, this should probably be "text" [ "i", "What is the capital of France?", "prompt" ], [ "p", "c4878054cff877f694f5abecf18c7450f4b6fdf59e3e9cb3e6505a93c4577db2" ], [ "relays", "wss://relay.primal.net" ] ] }

This is a request for content recommendation json { "kind": 5300, "content": "", "tags": [ // Its fine ignoring this param, but what if the client actually needs exactly 200 "results" [ "param", "max_results", "200" ], // The spec never mentions requesting content for other users. // If a DVM didn't understand this and responded to this request it would provide bad data [ "param", "user", "b22b06b051fd5232966a9344a634d956c3dc33a7f5ecdcad9ed11ddc4120a7f2" ], [ "relays", "wss://relay.primal.net", ], [ "p", "ceb7e7d688e8a704794d5662acb6f18c2455df7481833dd6c384b65252455a95" ] ] }

This is a request to create a OP_RETURN message on bitcoin json { "kind": 5901, // Again why is the content empty when we are sending human readable text? "content": "", "tags": [ // and again, using an indexable tag on an input that will never need to be looked up ["i", "09/01/24 SEC Chairman on the brink of second ETF approval", "text"] ] }

My point isn't that these event schema's aren't understandable but why are they using the same schema? each use-case is different but are they all required to use the same i tag format as input and could support all 4 types of inputs.

Lack of libraries

With all these different types of inputs, params, and outputs its verify difficult if not impossible to build libraries for DVMs

If a simple text translation request can have an event or text as inputs, a payment-required status at any point in the flow, partial results, or responses from 10+ DVMs whats the best way to build a translation library for other nostr clients to use?

And how do I build a DVM framework for the server side that can handle multiple inputs of all four types (url, text, event, job) and clients are sending all the requests in slightly differently.

Supporting payments is impossible

The way NIP-90 is written there isn't much details about payments. only a payment-required status and a generic amount tag

But the way things are now every DVM is implementing payments differently. some send a bolt11 invoice, some expect the client to NIP-57 zap the request event (or maybe the status event), and some even ask for a subscription. and we haven't even started implementing NIP-61 nut zaps or cashu A few are even formatting the amount number wrong or denominating it in sats and not mili-sats

Building a client or a library that can understand and handle all of these payment methods is very difficult. for the DVM server side its worse. A DVM server presumably needs to support all 4+ types of payments if they want to get the most sats for their services and support the most clients.

All of this is made even more complicated by the fact that a DVM can ask for payment at any point during the job process. this makes sense for some types of compute, but for others like translations or user recommendation / search it just makes things even more complicated.

For example, If a client wanted to implement a timeline page that showed the notes of all the pubkeys on a recommended list. what would they do when the selected DVM asks for payment at the start of the job? or at the end? or worse, only provides half the pubkeys and asks for payment for the other half. building a UI that could handle even just two of these possibilities is complicated.

NIP-89 is being abused

NIP-89 is "Recommended Application Handlers" and the way its describe in the nips repo is

a way to discover applications that can handle unknown event-kinds

Not "a way to discover everything"

If I wanted to build an application discovery app to show all the apps that your contacts use and let you discover new apps then it would have to filter out ALL the DVM advertisement events. and that's not just for making requests from relays

If the app shows the user their list of "recommended applications" then it either has to understand that everything in the 5xxx kind range is a DVM and to show that is its own category or show a bunch of unknown "favorites" in the list which might be confusing for the user.

In conclusion

My point in writing this article isn't that the DVMs implementations so far don't work, but that they will never work well because the spec is too broad. even with only a few DVMs running we have already lost interoperability.

I don't want to be completely negative though because some things have worked. the "DVM feeds" work, although they are limited to a single page of results. text / event translations also work well and kind 5970 Event PoW delegation could be cool. but if we want interoperability, we are going to need to change a few things with NIP-90

I don't think we can (or should) abandon NIP-90 entirely but it would be good to break it up into small NIPs or specs. break each "kind" of DVM request out into its own spec with its own definitions for expected inputs, outputs and flow.

Then if we have simple, clean definitions for each kind of compute we want to distribute. we might actually see markets and services being built and used.

@ 5a261a61:2ebd4480

What a day yesterday!

I had a really big backlog of both work and non-work things to clean up. But I was getting a little frisky because my health finally gave me some energy to be in the mood for intimacy after the illness-filled week had forced libido debt on me. I decided to cheat it out and just take care of myself quickly. Horny thoughts won over, and I got at least e-stim induced ass slaps to make it more enjoyable. Quick clean up and everything seemed ok...until it wasn't.

The rest of the morning passed uneventfully as I worked through my backlog, but things took a turn in the early afternoon. I had to go pickup kids, and I just missed Her between the doors, only managed to get a fast kiss. A little bummed from the work issues and failed expectations of having a few minutes together, I got on my way.

Then it hit me—the most serious case of blue balls I had in a long time. First came panic. I was getting to the age when unusual symptoms raise concerns—cancer comes first to mind, as insufficient release wasn't my typical problem. So I called Her. I explained what was happening and expressed hope for some alone time. Unfortunately, that seemed impossible with our evening schedule: kids at home, Her online meeting, and my standing gamenight with the boys. These game sessions are our sacred ritual—a preserved piece of pre-kids sanity that we all protect in our calendars. Not something I wanted to disturb.

Her reassurance was brief but unusualy promising: "Don't worry, I get this."

Evening came, and just as I predicted, there was ZERO time for shenanigans while we took care of the kids. But once we put them to bed (I drew straw for early sleeper), with parental duties complete, I headed downstairs to prepare for my gaming session. Headset on, I greeted my fellows and started playing.

Not five minutes later, She opened the door with lube in one hand, fleshlight in the other, and an expecting smile on Her face. Definitely unexpected. I excused myself from the game, muted mic, but She stopped me.

"There will be nothing if you won't play," She said. She just motioned me to take my pants off. And off to play I was. Not an easy feat considering I twisted my body sideways so She could access anything She wanted while I still reached keyboard and mouse.

She slowly started touching me and observing my reactions, but quickly changed to using Her mouth. Getting a blowjob while semihard was always so strange. The semi part didn't last long though...

As things intensified, She was satisfied with my erection and got the fleshlight ready. It was a new toy for us, and it was Her first time using it on me all by Herself (usually She prefers watching me use toys). She applied an abundance of lube that lasted the entire encounter and beyond.

Shifting into a rhythm, She started pumping slowly but clearly enjoyed my reactions when She unexpectedly sped up, forcing me to mute the mic. I knew I wouldn't last long. When She needed to fix Her hair, I gentlemanly offered to hold the fleshlight, having one hand still available for gaming. She misunderstood, thinking I was taking over completely, which initially disappointed me.

To my surprise, She began taking Her shirt off the shoulders, offering me a pornhub-esque view. To clearly indicate that finish time had arrived, She moved Her lubed hand teasingly toward my anal. She understood precisely my contradictory preferences—my desire to be thoroughly clean before such play versus my complete inability to resist Her when aroused. That final move did it—I muted the mic just in time to vocally express how good She made me feel.

Quick clean up, kiss on the forehead, and a wish for me to have a good game session followed. The urge to abandon the game and cuddle with Her was powerful, but She stopped me. She had more work to complete on Her todo list than just me.

Had a glass, had a blast; overall, a night well spent I would say.

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

Básico

bash lsblk # Lista todos os diretorios montados.

Para criar o sistema de arquivos:

bash mkfs.btrfs -L "ThePool" -f /dev/sdx

Criando um subvolume:

bash btrfs subvolume create SubVol

Montando Sistema de Arquivos:

bash mount -o compress=zlib,subvol=SubVol,autodefrag /dev/sdx /mnt

Lista os discos formatados no diretório:

bash btrfs filesystem show /mnt

Adiciona novo disco ao subvolume:

bash btrfs device add -f /dev/sdy /mnt

Lista novamente os discos do subvolume:

bash btrfs filesystem show /mnt

Exibe uso dos discos do subvolume:

bash btrfs filesystem df /mnt

Balancea os dados entre os discos sobre raid1:

bash btrfs filesystem balance start -dconvert=raid1 -mconvert=raid1 /mnt

Scrub é uma passagem por todos os dados e metadados do sistema de arquivos e verifica as somas de verificação. Se uma cópia válida estiver disponível (perfis de grupo de blocos replicados), a danificada será reparada. Todas as cópias dos perfis replicados são validadas.

iniciar o processo de depuração :

bash btrfs scrub start /mnt

ver o status do processo de depuração Btrfs em execução:

bash btrfs scrub status /mnt

ver o status do scrub Btrfs para cada um dos dispositivos

bash btrfs scrub status -d / data btrfs scrub cancel / data

Para retomar o processo de depuração do Btrfs que você cancelou ou pausou:

btrfs scrub resume / data

Listando os subvolumes:

bash btrfs subvolume list /Reports

Criando um instantâneo dos subvolumes:

Aqui, estamos criando um instantâneo de leitura e gravação chamado snap de marketing do subvolume de marketing.

bash btrfs subvolume snapshot /Reports/marketing /Reports/marketing-snap

Além disso, você pode criar um instantâneo somente leitura usando o sinalizador -r conforme mostrado. O marketing-rosnap é um instantâneo somente leitura do subvolume de marketing

bash btrfs subvolume snapshot -r /Reports/marketing /Reports/marketing-rosnap

Forçar a sincronização do sistema de arquivos usando o utilitário 'sync'

Para forçar a sincronização do sistema de arquivos, invoque a opção de sincronização conforme mostrado. Observe que o sistema de arquivos já deve estar montado para que o processo de sincronização continue com sucesso.

bash btrfs filsystem sync /Reports

Para excluir o dispositivo do sistema de arquivos, use o comando device delete conforme mostrado.

bash btrfs device delete /dev/sdc /Reports

Para sondar o status de um scrub, use o comando scrub status com a opção -dR .

bash btrfs scrub status -dR / Relatórios

Para cancelar a execução do scrub, use o comando scrub cancel .

bash $ sudo btrfs scrub cancel / Reports

Para retomar ou continuar com uma depuração interrompida anteriormente, execute o comando de cancelamento de depuração

bash sudo btrfs scrub resume /Reports

mostra o uso do dispositivo de armazenamento:

btrfs filesystem usage /data

Para distribuir os dados, metadados e dados do sistema em todos os dispositivos de armazenamento do RAID (incluindo o dispositivo de armazenamento recém-adicionado) montados no diretório /data , execute o seguinte comando:

sudo btrfs balance start --full-balance /data

Pode demorar um pouco para espalhar os dados, metadados e dados do sistema em todos os dispositivos de armazenamento do RAID se ele contiver muitos dados.

Opções importantes de montagem Btrfs

Nesta seção, vou explicar algumas das importantes opções de montagem do Btrfs. Então vamos começar.

As opções de montagem Btrfs mais importantes são:

**1. acl e noacl

**ACL gerencia permissões de usuários e grupos para os arquivos/diretórios do sistema de arquivos Btrfs.

A opção de montagem acl Btrfs habilita ACL. Para desabilitar a ACL, você pode usar a opção de montagem noacl .

Por padrão, a ACL está habilitada. Portanto, o sistema de arquivos Btrfs usa a opção de montagem acl por padrão.

**2. autodefrag e noautodefrag

**Desfragmentar um sistema de arquivos Btrfs melhorará o desempenho do sistema de arquivos reduzindo a fragmentação de dados.

A opção de montagem autodefrag permite a desfragmentação automática do sistema de arquivos Btrfs.

A opção de montagem noautodefrag desativa a desfragmentação automática do sistema de arquivos Btrfs.

Por padrão, a desfragmentação automática está desabilitada. Portanto, o sistema de arquivos Btrfs usa a opção de montagem noautodefrag por padrão.

**3. compactar e compactar-forçar

**Controla a compactação de dados no nível do sistema de arquivos do sistema de arquivos Btrfs.

A opção compactar compacta apenas os arquivos que valem a pena compactar (se compactar o arquivo economizar espaço em disco).

A opção compress-force compacta todos os arquivos do sistema de arquivos Btrfs, mesmo que a compactação do arquivo aumente seu tamanho.

O sistema de arquivos Btrfs suporta muitos algoritmos de compactação e cada um dos algoritmos de compactação possui diferentes níveis de compactação.

Os algoritmos de compactação suportados pelo Btrfs são: lzo , zlib (nível 1 a 9) e zstd (nível 1 a 15).

Você pode especificar qual algoritmo de compactação usar para o sistema de arquivos Btrfs com uma das seguintes opções de montagem:

• compress=algoritmo:nível
• compress-force=algoritmo:nível

Para obter mais informações, consulte meu artigo Como habilitar a compactação do sistema de arquivos Btrfs .

**4. subvol e subvolid

**Estas opções de montagem são usadas para montar separadamente um subvolume específico de um sistema de arquivos Btrfs.

A opção de montagem subvol é usada para montar o subvolume de um sistema de arquivos Btrfs usando seu caminho relativo.

A opção de montagem subvolid é usada para montar o subvolume de um sistema de arquivos Btrfs usando o ID do subvolume.

Para obter mais informações, consulte meu artigo Como criar e montar subvolumes Btrfs .

**5. dispositivo

A opção de montagem de dispositivo** é usada no sistema de arquivos Btrfs de vários dispositivos ou RAID Btrfs.

Em alguns casos, o sistema operacional pode falhar ao detectar os dispositivos de armazenamento usados em um sistema de arquivos Btrfs de vários dispositivos ou RAID Btrfs. Nesses casos, você pode usar a opção de montagem do dispositivo para especificar os dispositivos que deseja usar para o sistema de arquivos de vários dispositivos Btrfs ou RAID.

Você pode usar a opção de montagem de dispositivo várias vezes para carregar diferentes dispositivos de armazenamento para o sistema de arquivos de vários dispositivos Btrfs ou RAID.

Você pode usar o nome do dispositivo (ou seja, sdb , sdc ) ou UUID , UUID_SUB ou PARTUUID do dispositivo de armazenamento com a opção de montagem do dispositivo para identificar o dispositivo de armazenamento.

Por exemplo,

• dispositivo=/dev/sdb
• dispositivo=/dev/sdb,dispositivo=/dev/sdc
• dispositivo=UUID_SUB=490a263d-eb9a-4558-931e-998d4d080c5d
• device=UUID_SUB=490a263d-eb9a-4558-931e-998d4d080c5d,device=UUID_SUB=f7ce4875-0874-436a-b47d-3edef66d3424

**6. degraded

A opção de montagem degradada** permite que um RAID Btrfs seja montado com menos dispositivos de armazenamento do que o perfil RAID requer.

Por exemplo, o perfil raid1 requer a presença de 2 dispositivos de armazenamento. Se um dos dispositivos de armazenamento não estiver disponível em qualquer caso, você usa a opção de montagem degradada para montar o RAID mesmo que 1 de 2 dispositivos de armazenamento esteja disponível.

**7. commit

A opção commit** mount é usada para definir o intervalo (em segundos) dentro do qual os dados serão gravados no dispositivo de armazenamento.

O padrão é definido como 30 segundos.

Para definir o intervalo de confirmação para 15 segundos, você pode usar a opção de montagem commit=15 (digamos).

**8. ssd e nossd

A opção de montagem ssd** informa ao sistema de arquivos Btrfs que o sistema de arquivos está usando um dispositivo de armazenamento SSD, e o sistema de arquivos Btrfs faz a otimização SSD necessária.

A opção de montagem nossd desativa a otimização do SSD.

O sistema de arquivos Btrfs detecta automaticamente se um SSD é usado para o sistema de arquivos Btrfs. Se um SSD for usado, a opção de montagem de SSD será habilitada. Caso contrário, a opção de montagem nossd é habilitada.

**9. ssd_spread e nossd_spread

A opção de montagem ssd_spread** tenta alocar grandes blocos contínuos de espaço não utilizado do SSD. Esse recurso melhora o desempenho de SSDs de baixo custo (baratos).

A opção de montagem nossd_spread desativa o recurso ssd_spread .

O sistema de arquivos Btrfs detecta automaticamente se um SSD é usado para o sistema de arquivos Btrfs. Se um SSD for usado, a opção de montagem ssd_spread será habilitada. Caso contrário, a opção de montagem nossd_spread é habilitada.

**10. descarte e nodiscard

Se você estiver usando um SSD que suporte TRIM enfileirado assíncrono (SATA rev3.1), a opção de montagem de descarte** permitirá o descarte de blocos de arquivos liberados. Isso melhorará o desempenho do SSD.

Se o SSD não suportar TRIM enfileirado assíncrono, a opção de montagem de descarte prejudicará o desempenho do SSD. Nesse caso, a opção de montagem nodiscard deve ser usada.

Por padrão, a opção de montagem nodiscard é usada.

**11. norecovery

Se a opção de montagem norecovery** for usada, o sistema de arquivos Btrfs não tentará executar a operação de recuperação de dados no momento da montagem.

**12. usebackuproot e nousebackuproot

Se a opção de montagem usebackuproot for usada, o sistema de arquivos Btrfs tentará recuperar qualquer raiz de árvore ruim/corrompida no momento da montagem. O sistema de arquivos Btrfs pode armazenar várias raízes de árvore no sistema de arquivos. A opção de montagem usebackuproot** procurará uma boa raiz de árvore e usará a primeira boa que encontrar.

A opção de montagem nousebackuproot não verificará ou recuperará raízes de árvore inválidas/corrompidas no momento da montagem. Este é o comportamento padrão do sistema de arquivos Btrfs.

**13. space_cache, space_cache=version, nospace_cache e clear_cache

A opção de montagem space_cache** é usada para controlar o cache de espaço livre. O cache de espaço livre é usado para melhorar o desempenho da leitura do espaço livre do grupo de blocos do sistema de arquivos Btrfs na memória (RAM).

O sistema de arquivos Btrfs suporta 2 versões do cache de espaço livre: v1 (padrão) e v2

O mecanismo de cache de espaço livre v2 melhora o desempenho de sistemas de arquivos grandes (tamanho de vários terabytes).

Você pode usar a opção de montagem space_cache=v1 para definir a v1 do cache de espaço livre e a opção de montagem space_cache=v2 para definir a v2 do cache de espaço livre.

A opção de montagem clear_cache é usada para limpar o cache de espaço livre.

Quando o cache de espaço livre v2 é criado, o cache deve ser limpo para criar um cache de espaço livre v1 .

Portanto, para usar o cache de espaço livre v1 após a criação do cache de espaço livre v2 , as opções de montagem clear_cache e space_cache=v1 devem ser combinadas: clear_cache,space_cache=v1

A opção de montagem nospace_cache é usada para desabilitar o cache de espaço livre.

Para desabilitar o cache de espaço livre após a criação do cache v1 ou v2 , as opções de montagem nospace_cache e clear_cache devem ser combinadas: clear_cache,nosapce_cache

**14. skip_balance

Por padrão, a operação de balanceamento interrompida/pausada de um sistema de arquivos Btrfs de vários dispositivos ou RAID Btrfs será retomada automaticamente assim que o sistema de arquivos Btrfs for montado. Para desabilitar a retomada automática da operação de equilíbrio interrompido/pausado em um sistema de arquivos Btrfs de vários dispositivos ou RAID Btrfs, você pode usar a opção de montagem skip_balance .**

**15. datacow e nodatacow

A opção datacow** mount habilita o recurso Copy-on-Write (CoW) do sistema de arquivos Btrfs. É o comportamento padrão.

Se você deseja desabilitar o recurso Copy-on-Write (CoW) do sistema de arquivos Btrfs para os arquivos recém-criados, monte o sistema de arquivos Btrfs com a opção de montagem nodatacow .

**16. datasum e nodatasum

A opção datasum** mount habilita a soma de verificação de dados para arquivos recém-criados do sistema de arquivos Btrfs. Este é o comportamento padrão.

Se você não quiser que o sistema de arquivos Btrfs faça a soma de verificação dos dados dos arquivos recém-criados, monte o sistema de arquivos Btrfs com a opção de montagem nodatasum .

Perfis Btrfs

Um perfil Btrfs é usado para informar ao sistema de arquivos Btrfs quantas cópias dos dados/metadados devem ser mantidas e quais níveis de RAID devem ser usados para os dados/metadados. O sistema de arquivos Btrfs contém muitos perfis. Entendê-los o ajudará a configurar um RAID Btrfs da maneira que você deseja.

Os perfis Btrfs disponíveis são os seguintes:

single : Se o perfil único for usado para os dados/metadados, apenas uma cópia dos dados/metadados será armazenada no sistema de arquivos, mesmo se você adicionar vários dispositivos de armazenamento ao sistema de arquivos. Assim, 100% do espaço em disco de cada um dos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos pode ser utilizado.

dup : Se o perfil dup for usado para os dados/metadados, cada um dos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos manterá duas cópias dos dados/metadados. Assim, 50% do espaço em disco de cada um dos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos pode ser utilizado.

raid0 : No perfil raid0 , os dados/metadados serão divididos igualmente em todos os dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos. Nesta configuração, não haverá dados/metadados redundantes (duplicados). Assim, 100% do espaço em disco de cada um dos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos pode ser usado. Se, em qualquer caso, um dos dispositivos de armazenamento falhar, todo o sistema de arquivos será corrompido. Você precisará de pelo menos dois dispositivos de armazenamento para configurar o sistema de arquivos Btrfs no perfil raid0 .

raid1 : No perfil raid1 , duas cópias dos dados/metadados serão armazenadas nos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos. Nesta configuração, a matriz RAID pode sobreviver a uma falha de unidade. Mas você pode usar apenas 50% do espaço total em disco. Você precisará de pelo menos dois dispositivos de armazenamento para configurar o sistema de arquivos Btrfs no perfil raid1 .

raid1c3 : No perfil raid1c3 , três cópias dos dados/metadados serão armazenadas nos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos. Nesta configuração, a matriz RAID pode sobreviver a duas falhas de unidade, mas você pode usar apenas 33% do espaço total em disco. Você precisará de pelo menos três dispositivos de armazenamento para configurar o sistema de arquivos Btrfs no perfil raid1c3 .

raid1c4 : No perfil raid1c4 , quatro cópias dos dados/metadados serão armazenadas nos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos. Nesta configuração, a matriz RAID pode sobreviver a três falhas de unidade, mas você pode usar apenas 25% do espaço total em disco. Você precisará de pelo menos quatro dispositivos de armazenamento para configurar o sistema de arquivos Btrfs no perfil raid1c4 .

raid10 : No perfil raid10 , duas cópias dos dados/metadados serão armazenadas nos dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos, como no perfil raid1 . Além disso, os dados/metadados serão divididos entre os dispositivos de armazenamento, como no perfil raid0 .

O perfil raid10 é um híbrido dos perfis raid1 e raid0 . Alguns dos dispositivos de armazenamento formam arrays raid1 e alguns desses arrays raid1 são usados para formar um array raid0 . Em uma configuração raid10 , o sistema de arquivos pode sobreviver a uma única falha de unidade em cada uma das matrizes raid1 .

Você pode usar 50% do espaço total em disco na configuração raid10 . Você precisará de pelo menos quatro dispositivos de armazenamento para configurar o sistema de arquivos Btrfs no perfil raid10 .

raid5 : No perfil raid5 , uma cópia dos dados/metadados será dividida entre os dispositivos de armazenamento. Uma única paridade será calculada e distribuída entre os dispositivos de armazenamento do array RAID.

Em uma configuração raid5 , o sistema de arquivos pode sobreviver a uma única falha de unidade. Se uma unidade falhar, você pode adicionar uma nova unidade ao sistema de arquivos e os dados perdidos serão calculados a partir da paridade distribuída das unidades em execução.

Você pode usar 1 00x(N-1)/N % do total de espaços em disco na configuração raid5 . Aqui, N é o número de dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos. Você precisará de pelo menos três dispositivos de armazenamento para configurar o sistema de arquivos Btrfs no perfil raid5 .

raid6 : No perfil raid6 , uma cópia dos dados/metadados será dividida entre os dispositivos de armazenamento. Duas paridades serão calculadas e distribuídas entre os dispositivos de armazenamento do array RAID.

Em uma configuração raid6 , o sistema de arquivos pode sobreviver a duas falhas de unidade ao mesmo tempo. Se uma unidade falhar, você poderá adicionar uma nova unidade ao sistema de arquivos e os dados perdidos serão calculados a partir das duas paridades distribuídas das unidades em execução.

Você pode usar 100x(N-2)/N % do espaço total em disco na configuração raid6 . Aqui, N é o número de dispositivos de armazenamento adicionados ao sistema de arquivos. Você precisará de pelo menos quatro dispositivos de armazenamento para configurar o sistema de arquivos Btrfs no perfil raid6 .

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

Um bom gerenciamento de senhas deve ser simples e seguir a filosofia do Unix.  Organizado em hierarquia e fácil de passar de um computador para outro.

E por isso não é recomendável o uso de aplicativos de terceiros que tenham acesso a suas chaves(senhas) em seus servidores, tampouco as opções nativas dos navegadores, que também pertencem a grandes empresas que fazem um grande esforço para ter acesso a nossas informações.

Recomendação

• pass
• Qtpass (gerenciador gráfico)

Com ele seus dados são criptografados usando sua chave gpg e salvo em arquivos organizados por pastas de forma hierárquica, podendo ser integrado a um serviço git de sua escolha ou copiado facilmente de um local para outro.

Uso

O seu uso é bem simples.

Configuração:

pass git init

Para ver:

pass Email/example.com

Copiar para área de transferência (exige xclip):

pass -c Email/example.com

Para inserir:

pass insert Email/example0.com

Para inserir e gerar senha:

pass generate Email/example1.com

Para inserir e gerar senha sem símbolos:

pass generate --no-symbols Email/example1.com

Para inserir, gerar senha e copiar para área de transferência :

pass generate -c Email/example1.com

Para remover:

pass rm Email/example.com

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

O que é Tahoe-LAFS?

Bem-vindo ao Tahoe-LAFS_, o primeiro sistema de armazenamento descentralizado com

• Segurança independente do provedor * .

Tahoe-LAFS é um sistema que ajuda você a armazenar arquivos. Você executa um cliente Programa no seu computador, que fala com um ou mais servidores de armazenamento em outros computadores. Quando você diz ao seu cliente para armazenar um arquivo, ele irá criptografar isso Arquivo, codifique-o em múltiplas peças, depois espalhe essas peças entre Vários servidores. As peças são todas criptografadas e protegidas contra Modificações. Mais tarde, quando você pede ao seu cliente para recuperar o arquivo, ele irá Encontre as peças necessárias, verifique se elas não foram corrompidas e remontadas Eles, e descriptografar o resultado.

O cliente cria mais peças (ou "compartilhamentos") do que acabará por precisar, então Mesmo que alguns servidores falhem, você ainda pode recuperar seus dados. Corrompido Os compartilhamentos são detectados e ignorados, de modo que o sistema pode tolerar o lado do servidor Erros no disco rígido. Todos os arquivos são criptografados (com uma chave exclusiva) antes Uploading, então mesmo um operador de servidor mal-intencionado não pode ler seus dados. o A única coisa que você pede aos servidores é que eles podem (geralmente) fornecer o Compartilha quando você os solicita: você não está confiando sobre eles para Confidencialidade, integridade ou disponibilidade absoluta.

O que é "segurança independente do provedor"?

Todo vendedor de serviços de armazenamento na nuvem irá dizer-lhe que o seu serviço é "seguro". Mas o que eles significam com isso é algo fundamentalmente diferente Do que queremos dizer. O que eles significam por "seguro" é que depois de ter dado Eles o poder de ler e modificar seus dados, eles tentam muito difícil de não deixar Esse poder seja abusado. Isso acaba por ser difícil! Insetos, Configurações incorretas ou erro do operador podem acidentalmente expor seus dados para Outro cliente ou para o público, ou pode corromper seus dados. Criminosos Ganho rotineiramente de acesso ilícito a servidores corporativos. Ainda mais insidioso é O fato de que os próprios funcionários às vezes violam a privacidade do cliente De negligência, avareza ou mera curiosidade. O mais consciencioso de Esses prestadores de serviços gastam consideráveis ​​esforços e despesas tentando Mitigar esses riscos.

O que queremos dizer com "segurança" é algo diferente. * O provedor de serviços Nunca tem a capacidade de ler ou modificar seus dados em primeiro lugar: nunca. * Se você usa Tahoe-LAFS, então todas as ameaças descritas acima não são questões para você. Não só é fácil e barato para o provedor de serviços Manter a segurança de seus dados, mas na verdade eles não podem violar sua Segurança se eles tentaram. Isto é o que chamamos de * independente do fornecedor segurança*.

Esta garantia está integrada naturalmente no sistema de armazenamento Tahoe-LAFS e Não exige que você execute um passo de pré-criptografia manual ou uma chave complicada gestão. (Afinal, ter que fazer operações manuais pesadas quando Armazenar ou acessar seus dados anularia um dos principais benefícios de Usando armazenamento em nuvem em primeiro lugar: conveniência.)

Veja como funciona:

Uma "grade de armazenamento" é constituída por uma série de servidores de armazenamento. Um servidor de armazenamento Tem armazenamento direto em anexo (tipicamente um ou mais discos rígidos). Um "gateway" Se comunica com os nós de armazenamento e os usa para fornecer acesso ao Rede sobre protocolos como HTTP (S), SFTP ou FTP.

Observe que você pode encontrar "cliente" usado para se referir aos nós do gateway (que atuam como Um cliente para servidores de armazenamento) e também para processos ou programas que se conectam a Um nó de gateway e operações de execução na grade - por exemplo, uma CLI Comando, navegador da Web, cliente SFTP ou cliente FTP.

Os usuários não contam com servidores de armazenamento para fornecer * confidencialidade * nem

• Integridade * para seus dados - em vez disso, todos os dados são criptografados e Integridade verificada pelo gateway, para que os servidores não possam ler nem Modifique o conteúdo dos arquivos.

Os usuários dependem de servidores de armazenamento para * disponibilidade *. O texto cifrado é Codificado por apagamento em partes N distribuídas em pelo menos H distintas Servidores de armazenamento (o valor padrão para N é 10 e para H é 7) então Que pode ser recuperado de qualquer K desses servidores (o padrão O valor de K é 3). Portanto, apenas a falha do H-K + 1 (com o Padrões, 5) servidores podem tornar os dados indisponíveis.

No modo de implantação típico, cada usuário executa seu próprio gateway sozinho máquina. Desta forma, ela confia em sua própria máquina para a confidencialidade e Integridade dos dados.

Um modo de implantação alternativo é que o gateway é executado em uma máquina remota e O usuário se conecta ao HTTPS ou SFTP. Isso significa que o operador de O gateway pode visualizar e modificar os dados do usuário (o usuário * depende de * o Gateway para confidencialidade e integridade), mas a vantagem é que a O usuário pode acessar a grade Tahoe-LAFS com um cliente que não possui o Software de gateway instalado, como um quiosque de internet ou celular.

Controle de acesso

Existem dois tipos de arquivos: imutáveis ​​e mutáveis. Quando você carrega um arquivo Para a grade de armazenamento, você pode escolher o tipo de arquivo que será no grade. Os arquivos imutáveis ​​não podem ser modificados quando foram carregados. UMA O arquivo mutable pode ser modificado por alguém com acesso de leitura e gravação. Um usuário Pode ter acesso de leitura e gravação a um arquivo mutable ou acesso somente leitura, ou não Acesso a ele.

Um usuário que tenha acesso de leitura e gravação a um arquivo mutable ou diretório pode dar Outro acesso de leitura e gravação do usuário a esse arquivo ou diretório, ou eles podem dar Acesso somente leitura para esse arquivo ou diretório. Um usuário com acesso somente leitura Para um arquivo ou diretório pode dar acesso a outro usuário somente leitura.

Ao vincular um arquivo ou diretório a um diretório pai, você pode usar um Link de leitura-escrita ou um link somente de leitura. Se você usar um link de leitura e gravação, então Qualquer pessoa que tenha acesso de leitura e gravação ao diretório pai pode obter leitura-escrita Acesso à criança e qualquer pessoa que tenha acesso somente leitura ao pai O diretório pode obter acesso somente leitura à criança. Se você usar uma leitura somente Link, qualquer pessoa que tenha lido-escrito ou acesso somente leitura ao pai O diretório pode obter acesso somente leitura à criança.

================================================== ==== Usando Tahoe-LAFS com uma rede anônima: Tor, I2P ================================================== ====

. `Visão geral '

. `Casos de uso '

. Software Dependencies_

#. Tor #. I2P

. `Configuração de conexão '

. `Configuração de Anonimato '

#. Anonimato do cliente ' #.Anonimato de servidor, configuração manual ' #. `Anonimato de servidor, configuração automática '

. `Problemas de desempenho e segurança '

Visão geral

Tor é uma rede anonimização usada para ajudar a esconder a identidade da Internet Clientes e servidores. Consulte o site do Tor Project para obter mais informações: Https://www.torproject.org/

I2P é uma rede de anonimato descentralizada que se concentra no anonimato de ponta a ponta Entre clientes e servidores. Consulte o site I2P para obter mais informações: Https://geti2p.net/

Casos de uso

Existem três casos de uso potenciais para Tahoe-LAFS do lado do cliente:

1. O usuário deseja sempre usar uma rede de anonimato (Tor, I2P) para proteger Seu anonimato quando se conecta às redes de armazenamento Tahoe-LAFS (seja ou Não os servidores de armazenamento são anônimos).

2. O usuário não se preocupa em proteger seu anonimato, mas eles desejam se conectar a Servidores de armazenamento Tahoe-LAFS que são acessíveis apenas através de Tor Hidden Services ou I2P.

3. Tor é usado apenas se uma sugestão de conexão do servidor usar tor:. Essas sugestões Geralmente tem um endereço .onion.

4. I2P só é usado se uma sugestão de conexão do servidor usa i2p:. Essas sugestões Geralmente têm um endereço .i2p.

5. O usuário não se preocupa em proteger seu anonimato ou para se conectar a um anonimato Servidores de armazenamento. Este documento não é útil para você ... então pare de ler.

Para servidores de armazenamento Tahoe-LAFS existem três casos de uso:

1. O operador deseja proteger o anonimato fazendo seu Tahoe Servidor acessível apenas em I2P, através de Tor Hidden Services, ou ambos.

2. O operador não * requer * anonimato para o servidor de armazenamento, mas eles Quer que ele esteja disponível tanto no TCP / IP roteado publicamente quanto através de um Rede de anonimização (I2P, Tor Hidden Services). Uma possível razão para fazer Isso é porque ser alcançável através de uma rede de anonimato é um Maneira conveniente de ignorar NAT ou firewall que impede roteios públicos Conexões TCP / IP ao seu servidor (para clientes capazes de se conectar a Tais servidores). Outro é o que torna o seu servidor de armazenamento acessível Através de uma rede de anonimato pode oferecer uma melhor proteção para sua Clientes que usam essa rede de anonimato para proteger seus anonimato.

3. O operador do servidor de armazenamento não se preocupa em proteger seu próprio anonimato nem Para ajudar os clientes a proteger o deles. Pare de ler este documento e execute Seu servidor de armazenamento Tahoe-LAFS usando TCP / IP com roteamento público.

Veja esta página do Tor Project para obter mais informações sobre Tor Hidden Services: Https://www.torproject.org/docs/hidden-services.html.pt

Veja esta página do Projeto I2P para obter mais informações sobre o I2P: Https://geti2p.net/en/about/intro

Dependências de software

Tor

Os clientes que desejam se conectar a servidores baseados em Tor devem instalar o seguinte.

• Tor (tor) deve ser instalado. Veja aqui: Https://www.torproject.org/docs/installguide.html.en. No Debian / Ubuntu, Use apt-get install tor. Você também pode instalar e executar o navegador Tor Agrupar.

• Tahoe-LAFS deve ser instalado com o [tor] "extra" habilitado. Isso vai Instale txtorcon ::

Pip install tahoe-lafs [tor]

Os servidores Tor-configurados manualmente devem instalar Tor, mas não precisam Txtorcon ou o [tor] extra. Configuração automática, quando Implementado, vai precisar destes, assim como os clientes.

I2P

Os clientes que desejam se conectar a servidores baseados em I2P devem instalar o seguinte. Tal como acontece com Tor, os servidores baseados em I2P configurados manualmente precisam do daemon I2P, mas Não há bibliotecas especiais de apoio Tahoe-side.

• I2P deve ser instalado. Veja aqui: Https://geti2p.net/en/download

• A API SAM deve estar habilitada.

• Inicie o I2P.

• Visite http://127.0.0.1:7657/configclients no seu navegador.
• Em "Configuração do Cliente", marque a opção "Executar no Startup?" Caixa para "SAM Ponte de aplicação ".
• Clique em "Salvar Configuração do Cliente".

• Clique no controle "Iniciar" para "ponte de aplicação SAM" ou reinicie o I2P.

• Tahoe-LAFS deve ser instalado com o [i2p] extra habilitado, para obter Txi2p ::

Pip install tahoe-lafs [i2p]

Tor e I2P

Os clientes que desejam se conectar a servidores baseados em Tor e I2P devem instalar tudo acima. Em particular, Tahoe-LAFS deve ser instalado com ambos Extras habilitados ::

Pip install tahoe-lafs [tor, i2p]

Configuração de conexão

Consulte: ref: Connection Management para uma descrição do[tor]e [I2p] seções de tahoe.cfg. Estes controlam como o cliente Tahoe Conecte-se a um daemon Tor / I2P e, assim, faça conexões com Tor / I2P-baseadas Servidores.

As seções [tor] e [i2p] só precisam ser modificadas para serem usadas de forma incomum Configurações ou para habilitar a configuração automática do servidor.

A configuração padrão tentará entrar em contato com um daemon local Tor / I2P Ouvindo as portas usuais (9050/9150 para Tor, 7656 para I2P). Enquanto Há um daemon em execução no host local e o suporte necessário Bibliotecas foram instaladas, os clientes poderão usar servidores baseados em Tor Sem qualquer configuração especial.

No entanto, note que esta configuração padrão não melhora a Anonimato: as conexões TCP normais ainda serão feitas em qualquer servidor que Oferece um endereço regular (cumpre o segundo caso de uso do cliente acima, não o terceiro). Para proteger o anonimato, os usuários devem configurar o [Connections] da seguinte maneira:

[Conexões] Tcp = tor

Com isso, o cliente usará Tor (em vez de um IP-address -reviração de conexão direta) para alcançar servidores baseados em TCP.

Configuração de anonimato

Tahoe-LAFS fornece uma configuração "flag de segurança" para indicar explicitamente Seja necessário ou não a privacidade do endereço IP para um nó ::

[nó] Revelar-IP-address = (booleano, opcional)

Quando revelar-IP-address = False, Tahoe-LAFS se recusará a iniciar se algum dos As opções de configuração em tahoe.cfg revelariam a rede do nó localização:

• [Conexões] tcp = tor é necessário: caso contrário, o cliente faria Conexões diretas para o Introdução, ou qualquer servidor baseado em TCP que aprende Do Introdutor, revelando seu endereço IP para esses servidores e um Rede de espionagem. Com isso, Tahoe-LAFS só fará Conexões de saída através de uma rede de anonimato suportada.

• Tub.location deve ser desativado ou conter valores seguros. este O valor é anunciado para outros nós através do Introdutor: é como um servidor Anuncia sua localização para que os clientes possam se conectar a ela. No modo privado, ele É um erro para incluir um tcp: dica no tub.location. Modo privado Rejeita o valor padrão de tub.location (quando a chave está faltando Inteiramente), que é AUTO, que usa ifconfig para adivinhar o nó Endereço IP externo, o que o revelaria ao servidor e a outros clientes.

Esta opção é ** crítica ** para preservar o anonimato do cliente (cliente Caso de uso 3 de "Casos de uso", acima). Também é necessário preservar uma Anonimato do servidor (caso de uso do servidor 3).

Esse sinalizador pode ser configurado (para falso), fornecendo o argumento --hide-ip para Os comandos create-node, create-client ou create-introducer.

Observe que o valor padrão de revelar-endereço IP é verdadeiro, porque Infelizmente, esconder o endereço IP do nó requer software adicional para ser Instalado (conforme descrito acima) e reduz o desempenho.

Anonimato do cliente

Para configurar um nó de cliente para anonimato, tahoe.cfg ** deve ** conter o Seguindo as bandeiras de configuração ::

[nó] Revelar-IP-address = False Tub.port = desativado Tub.location = desativado

Uma vez que o nodo Tahoe-LAFS foi reiniciado, ele pode ser usado anonimamente (cliente Caso de uso 3).

Anonimato do servidor, configuração manual

Para configurar um nó de servidor para ouvir em uma rede de anonimato, devemos primeiro Configure Tor para executar um "Serviço de cebola" e encaminhe as conexões de entrada para o Porto Tahoe local. Então, configuramos Tahoe para anunciar o endereço .onion Aos clientes. Também configuramos Tahoe para não fazer conexões TCP diretas.

• Decida em um número de porta de escuta local, chamado PORT. Isso pode ser qualquer não utilizado Porta de cerca de 1024 até 65535 (dependendo do kernel / rede do host Config). Nós diremos a Tahoe para escutar nesta porta, e nós diremos a Tor para Encaminhe as conexões de entrada para ele.
• Decida em um número de porta externo, chamado VIRTPORT. Isso será usado no Localização anunciada e revelada aos clientes. Pode ser qualquer número de 1 Para 65535. Pode ser o mesmo que PORT, se quiser.
• Decida em um "diretório de serviço oculto", geralmente em / var / lib / tor / NAME. Pediremos a Tor para salvar o estado do serviço de cebola aqui, e Tor irá Escreva o endereço .onion aqui depois que ele for gerado.

Em seguida, faça o seguinte:

• Crie o nó do servidor Tahoe (com tahoe create-node), mas não ** não ** Lança-o ainda.

• Edite o arquivo de configuração Tor (normalmente em / etc / tor / torrc). Precisamos adicionar Uma seção para definir o serviço oculto. Se nossa PORT for 2000, VIRTPORT é 3000, e estamos usando / var / lib / tor / tahoe como o serviço oculto Diretório, a seção deve se parecer com ::

  HiddenServiceDir / var / lib / tor / tahoe HiddenServicePort 3000 127.0.0.1:2000

• Reinicie Tor, com systemctl restart tor. Aguarde alguns segundos.

• Leia o arquivo hostname no diretório de serviço oculto (por exemplo, / Var / lib / tor / tahoe / hostname). Este será um endereço .onion, como U33m4y7klhz3b.onion. Ligue para esta CEBOLA.

• Edite tahoe.cfg para configurar tub.port para usar Tcp: PORT: interface = 127.0.0.1 e tub.location para usar Tor: ONION.onion: VIRTPORT. Usando os exemplos acima, isso seria ::

  [nó] Revelar-endereço IP = falso Tub.port = tcp: 2000: interface = 127.0.0.1 Tub.location = tor: u33m4y7klhz3b.onion: 3000 [Conexões] Tcp = tor

• Inicie o servidor Tahoe com tahoe start $ NODEDIR

A seção tub.port fará com que o servidor Tahoe ouça no PORT, mas Ligue o soquete de escuta à interface de loopback, que não é acessível Do mundo exterior (mas * é * acessível pelo daemon Tor local). Então o A seção tcp = tor faz com que Tahoe use Tor quando se conecta ao Introdução, escondendo o endereço IP. O nó se anunciará a todos Clientes que usam `tub.location``, então os clientes saberão que devem usar o Tor Para alcançar este servidor (e não revelar seu endereço IP através do anúncio). Quando os clientes se conectam ao endereço da cebola, seus pacotes serão Atravessar a rede de anonimato e eventualmente aterrar no Tor local Daemon, que então estabelecerá uma conexão com PORT no localhost, que é Onde Tahoe está ouvindo conexões.

Siga um processo similar para construir um servidor Tahoe que escuta no I2P. o O mesmo processo pode ser usado para ouvir tanto o Tor como o I2P (tub.location = Tor: ONION.onion: VIRTPORT, i2p: ADDR.i2p). Também pode ouvir tanto Tor como TCP simples (caso de uso 2), com tub.port = tcp: PORT, tub.location = Tcp: HOST: PORT, tor: ONION.onion: VIRTPORT e anonymous = false (e omite A configuração tcp = tor, já que o endereço já está sendo transmitido através de O anúncio de localização).

Anonimato do servidor, configuração automática

Para configurar um nó do servidor para ouvir em uma rede de anonimato, crie o Nó com a opção --listen = tor. Isso requer uma configuração Tor que Ou lança um novo daemon Tor, ou tem acesso à porta de controle Tor (e Autoridade suficiente para criar um novo serviço de cebola). Nos sistemas Debian / Ubuntu, faça Apt install tor, adicione-se ao grupo de controle com adduser YOURUSERNAME debian-tor e, em seguida, inicie sessão e faça o login novamente: se os groups O comando inclui debian-tor na saída, você deve ter permissão para Use a porta de controle de domínio unix em / var / run / tor / control.

Esta opção irá definir revelar-IP-address = False e [connections] tcp = Tor. Ele alocará as portas necessárias, instruirá Tor para criar a cebola Serviço (salvando a chave privada em algum lugar dentro de NODEDIR / private /), obtenha O endereço .onion e preencha tub.port e tub.location corretamente.

Problemas de desempenho e segurança

Se você estiver executando um servidor que não precisa ser Anônimo, você deve torná-lo acessível através de uma rede de anonimato ou não? Ou você pode torná-lo acessível * ambos * através de uma rede de anonimato E como um servidor TCP / IP rastreável publicamente?

Existem várias compensações efetuadas por esta decisão.

Penetração NAT / Firewall

Fazer com que um servidor seja acessível via Tor ou I2P o torna acessível (por Clientes compatíveis com Tor / I2P) mesmo que existam NAT ou firewalls que impeçam Conexões TCP / IP diretas para o servidor.

Anonimato

Tornar um servidor Tahoe-LAFS acessível * somente * via Tor ou I2P pode ser usado para Garanta que os clientes Tahoe-LAFS usem Tor ou I2P para se conectar (Especificamente, o servidor só deve anunciar endereços Tor / I2P no Chave de configuração tub.location). Isso evita que os clientes mal configurados sejam Desingonizando-se acidentalmente, conectando-se ao seu servidor através de A Internet rastreável.

Claramente, um servidor que está disponível como um serviço Tor / I2P * e * a O endereço TCP regular não é anônimo: o endereço do .on e o real O endereço IP do servidor é facilmente vinculável.

Além disso, a interação, através do Tor, com um Tor Oculto pode ser mais Protegido da análise do tráfego da rede do que a interação, através do Tor, Com um servidor TCP / IP com rastreamento público

** XXX há um documento mantido pelos desenvolvedores de Tor que comprovem ou refutam essa crença? Se assim for, precisamos ligar a ele. Caso contrário, talvez devêssemos explicar mais aqui por que pensamos isso? **

Linkability

A partir de 1.12.0, o nó usa uma única chave de banheira persistente para saída Conexões ao Introdutor e conexões de entrada para o Servidor de Armazenamento (E Helper). Para os clientes, uma nova chave Tub é criada para cada servidor de armazenamento Nós aprendemos sobre, e essas chaves são * não * persistiram (então elas mudarão cada uma delas Tempo que o cliente reinicia).

Clientes que atravessam diretórios (de rootcap para subdiretório para filecap) são É provável que solicitem os mesmos índices de armazenamento (SIs) na mesma ordem de cada vez. Um cliente conectado a vários servidores irá pedir-lhes todos para o mesmo SI em Quase ao mesmo tempo. E dois clientes que compartilham arquivos ou diretórios Irá visitar os mesmos SI (em várias ocasiões).

Como resultado, as seguintes coisas são vinculáveis, mesmo com revelar-endereço IP = Falso:

• Servidores de armazenamento podem vincular reconhecer várias conexões do mesmo Cliente ainda não reiniciado. (Observe que o próximo recurso de Contabilidade pode Faz com que os clientes apresentem uma chave pública persistente do lado do cliente quando Conexão, que será uma ligação muito mais forte).
• Os servidores de armazenamento provavelmente podem deduzir qual cliente está acessando dados, por Olhando as SIs sendo solicitadas. Vários servidores podem conciliar Determine que o mesmo cliente está falando com todos eles, mesmo que o TubIDs são diferentes para cada conexão.
• Os servidores de armazenamento podem deduzir quando dois clientes diferentes estão compartilhando dados.
• O Introdutor pode entregar diferentes informações de servidor para cada um Cliente subscrito, para particionar clientes em conjuntos distintos de acordo com Quais as conexões do servidor que eles eventualmente fazem. Para clientes + nós de servidor, ele Também pode correlacionar o anúncio do servidor com o cliente deduzido identidade.

atuação

Um cliente que se conecta a um servidor Tahoe-LAFS com rastreamento público através de Tor Incorrem em latência substancialmente maior e, às vezes, pior Mesmo cliente se conectando ao mesmo servidor através de um TCP / IP rastreável normal conexão. Quando o servidor está em um Tor Hidden Service, ele incorre ainda mais Latência e, possivelmente, ainda pior rendimento.

Conectando-se a servidores Tahoe-LAFS que são servidores I2P incorrem em maior latência E pior rendimento também.

Efeitos positivos e negativos em outros usuários Tor

O envio de seu tráfego Tahoe-LAFS sobre o Tor adiciona tráfego de cobertura para outros Tor usuários que também estão transmitindo dados em massa. Então isso é bom para Eles - aumentando seu anonimato.

No entanto, torna o desempenho de outros usuários do Tor Sessões - por exemplo, sessões ssh - muito pior. Isso é porque Tor Atualmente não possui nenhuma prioridade ou qualidade de serviço Recursos, para que as teclas de Ssh de outra pessoa possam ter que esperar na fila Enquanto o conteúdo do arquivo em massa é transmitido. O atraso adicional pode Tornar as sessões interativas de outras pessoas inutilizáveis.

Ambos os efeitos são duplicados se você carregar ou baixar arquivos para um Tor Hidden Service, em comparação com se você carregar ou baixar arquivos Over Tor para um servidor TCP / IP com rastreamento público

Efeitos positivos e negativos em outros usuários do I2P

Enviar seu tráfego Tahoe-LAFS ao I2P adiciona tráfego de cobertura para outros usuários do I2P Que também estão transmitindo dados. Então, isso é bom para eles - aumentando sua anonimato. Não prejudicará diretamente o desempenho de outros usuários do I2P Sessões interativas, porque a rede I2P possui vários controles de congestionamento e Recursos de qualidade de serviço, como priorizar pacotes menores.

No entanto, se muitos usuários estão enviando tráfego Tahoe-LAFS ao I2P e não tiverem Seus roteadores I2P configurados para participar de muito tráfego, então o I2P A rede como um todo sofrerá degradação. Cada roteador Tahoe-LAFS que usa o I2P tem Seus próprios túneis de anonimato que seus dados são enviados. Em média, um O nó Tahoe-LAFS requer 12 outros roteadores I2P para participar de seus túneis.

Portanto, é importante que o seu roteador I2P esteja compartilhando a largura de banda com outros Roteadores, para que você possa retornar enquanto usa o I2P. Isso nunca prejudicará a Desempenho de seu nó Tahoe-LAFS, porque seu roteador I2P sempre Priorize seu próprio tráfego.

=========================

Como configurar um servidor

Muitos nós Tahoe-LAFS são executados como "servidores", o que significa que eles fornecem serviços para Outras máquinas (isto é, "clientes"). Os dois tipos mais importantes são os Introdução e Servidores de armazenamento.

Para ser útil, os servidores devem ser alcançados pelos clientes. Os servidores Tahoe podem ouvir Em portas TCP e anunciar sua "localização" (nome do host e número da porta TCP) Para que os clientes possam se conectar a eles. Eles também podem ouvir os serviços de cebola "Tor" E portas I2P.

Os servidores de armazenamento anunciam sua localização ao anunciá-lo ao Introdutivo, Que então transmite a localização para todos os clientes. Então, uma vez que a localização é Determinado, você não precisa fazer nada de especial para entregá-lo.

O próprio apresentador possui uma localização, que deve ser entregue manualmente a todos Servidores de armazenamento e clientes. Você pode enviá-lo para os novos membros do seu grade. Esta localização (juntamente com outros identificadores criptográficos importantes) é Escrito em um arquivo chamado private / introducer.furl no Presenter's Diretório básico, e deve ser fornecido como o argumento --introducer = para Tahoe create-node ou tahoe create-node.

O primeiro passo ao configurar um servidor é descobrir como os clientes irão alcançar. Então você precisa configurar o servidor para ouvir em algumas portas, e Depois configure a localização corretamente.

Configuração manual

Cada servidor tem duas configurações em seu arquivo tahoe.cfg: tub.port, e Tub.location. A "porta" controla o que o nó do servidor escuta: isto Geralmente é uma porta TCP.

A "localização" controla o que é anunciado para o mundo exterior. Isto é um "Sugestão de conexão foolscap", e inclui tanto o tipo de conexão (Tcp, tor ou i2p) e os detalhes da conexão (nome do host / endereço, porta número). Vários proxies, gateways e redes de privacidade podem ser Envolvido, então não é incomum para tub.port e tub.location para olhar diferente.

Você pode controlar diretamente a configuração tub.port e tub.location Configurações, fornecendo --port = e --location = ao executar tahoe Create-node.

Configuração automática

Em vez de fornecer --port = / - location =, você pode usar --listen =. Os servidores podem ouvir em TCP, Tor, I2P, uma combinação desses ou nenhum. O argumento --listen = controla quais tipos de ouvintes o novo servidor usará.

--listen = none significa que o servidor não deve ouvir nada. Isso não Faz sentido para um servidor, mas é apropriado para um nó somente cliente. o O comando tahoe create-client inclui automaticamente --listen = none.

--listen = tcp é o padrão e liga uma porta de escuta TCP padrão. Usar --listen = tcp requer um argumento --hostname = também, que será Incorporado no local anunciado do nó. Descobrimos que os computadores Não pode determinar de forma confiável seu nome de host acessível externamente, então, em vez de Ter o servidor adivinhar (ou escanear suas interfaces para endereços IP Isso pode ou não ser apropriado), a criação de nó requer que o usuário Forneça o nome do host.

--listen = tor conversará com um daemon Tor local e criará uma nova "cebola" Servidor "(que se parece comalzrgrdvxct6c63z.onion). --listen = i2p` conversará com um daemon I2P local e criará um novo servidor endereço. Consulte: doc:anonymity-configuration` para obter detalhes.

Você pode ouvir nos três usando --listen = tcp, tor, i2p.

Cenários de implantação

A seguir, alguns cenários sugeridos para configurar servidores usando Vários transportes de rede. Estes exemplos não incluem a especificação de um Apresentador FURL que normalmente você gostaria quando provisionamento de armazenamento Nós. Para estes e outros detalhes de configuração, consulte : Doc: configuration.

. `Servidor possui um nome DNS público '

. Servidor possui um endereço público IPv4 / IPv6_

. O servidor está por trás de um firewall com encaminhamento de porta_

. Usando o I2P / Tor para evitar o encaminhamento da porta_

O servidor possui um nome DNS público

O caso mais simples é o local onde o host do servidor está diretamente conectado ao Internet, sem um firewall ou caixa NAT no caminho. A maioria dos VPS (Virtual Private Servidor) e servidores colocados são assim, embora alguns fornecedores bloqueiem Muitas portas de entrada por padrão.

Para esses servidores, tudo o que você precisa saber é o nome do host externo. O sistema O administrador irá dizer-lhe isso. O principal requisito é que este nome de host Pode ser pesquisado no DNS, e ele será mapeado para um endereço IPv4 ou IPv6 que Alcançará a máquina.

Se o seu nome de host for example.net, então você criará o introdutor como esta::

Tahoe create-introducer --hostname example.com ~ / introducer

Ou um servidor de armazenamento como ::

Tahoe create-node --hostname = example.net

Estes irão alocar uma porta TCP (por exemplo, 12345), atribuir tub.port para ser Tcp: 12345 e tub.location serão tcp: example.com: 12345.

Idealmente, isso também deveria funcionar para hosts compatíveis com IPv6 (onde o nome DNS Fornece um registro "AAAA", ou ambos "A" e "AAAA"). No entanto Tahoe-LAFS O suporte para IPv6 é novo e ainda pode ter problemas. Por favor, veja o ingresso # 867_ para detalhes.

.. _ # 867: https://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/867

O servidor possui um endereço público IPv4 / IPv6

Se o host tiver um endereço IPv4 (público) rotativo (por exemplo, 203.0.113.1```), mas Nenhum nome DNS, você precisará escolher uma porta TCP (por exemplo, 3457``) e usar o Segue::

Tahoe create-node --port = tcp: 3457 - localização = tcp: 203.0.113.1: 3457

--port é uma "string de especificação de ponto de extremidade" que controla quais locais Porta em que o nó escuta. --location é a "sugestão de conexão" que ele Anuncia para outros, e descreve as conexões de saída que essas Os clientes irão fazer, por isso precisa trabalhar a partir da sua localização na rede.

Os nós Tahoe-LAFS escutam em todas as interfaces por padrão. Quando o host é Multi-homed, você pode querer fazer a ligação de escuta ligar apenas a uma Interface específica, adicionando uma opção interface = ao --port = argumento::

Tahoe create-node --port = tcp: 3457: interface = 203.0.113.1 - localização = tcp: 203.0.113.1: 3457

Se o endereço público do host for IPv6 em vez de IPv4, use colchetes para Envolva o endereço e altere o tipo de nó de extremidade para tcp6 ::

Tahoe create-node --port = tcp6: 3457 - localização = tcp: [2001: db8 :: 1]: 3457

Você pode usar interface = para vincular a uma interface IPv6 específica também, no entanto Você deve fazer uma barra invertida - escapar dos dois pontos, porque, de outra forma, eles são interpretados Como delimitadores pelo idioma de especificação do "ponto final" torcido. o --location = argumento não precisa de dois pontos para serem escapados, porque eles são Envolto pelos colchetes ::

Tahoe create-node --port = tcp6: 3457: interface = 2001 \: db8 \: \: 1 --location = tcp: [2001: db8 :: 1]: 3457

Para hosts somente IPv6 com registros DNS AAAA, se o simples --hostname = A configuração não funciona, eles podem ser informados para ouvir especificamente Porta compatível com IPv6 com este ::

Tahoe create-node --port = tcp6: 3457 - localização = tcp: example.net: 3457

O servidor está por trás de um firewall com encaminhamento de porta

Para configurar um nó de armazenamento por trás de um firewall com encaminhamento de porta, você irá precisa saber:

• Endereço IPv4 público do roteador
• A porta TCP que está disponível de fora da sua rede
• A porta TCP que é o destino de encaminhamento
• Endereço IPv4 interno do nó de armazenamento (o nó de armazenamento em si é Desconhece esse endereço e não é usado durante tahoe create-node, Mas o firewall deve ser configurado para enviar conexões para isso)

Os números de porta TCP internos e externos podem ser iguais ou diferentes Dependendo de como o encaminhamento da porta está configurado. Se é mapear portas 1-para-1, eo endereço IPv4 público do firewall é 203.0.113.1 (e Talvez o endereço IPv4 interno do nó de armazenamento seja 192.168.1.5), então Use um comando CLI como este ::

Tahoe create-node --port = tcp: 3457 - localização = tcp: 203.0.113.1: 3457

Se no entanto, o firewall / NAT-box encaminha a porta externa * 6656 * para o interno Porta 3457, então faça isso ::

Tahoe create-node --port = tcp: 3457 - localização = tcp: 203.0.113.1: 6656

Usando o I2P / Tor para evitar o encaminhamento da porta

Os serviços de cebola I2P e Tor, entre outras excelentes propriedades, também fornecem NAT Penetração sem encaminhamento de porta, nomes de host ou endereços IP. Então, configurando Um servidor que escuta apenas no Tor é simples ::

Tahoe create-node --listen = tor

Para mais informações sobre o uso de Tahoe-LAFS com I2p e Tor veja : Doc: anonymity-configuration

@ 0b118e40:4edc09cb

TL;DR : No.

(This is not a feasibility analysis, but a reflection on philosophical alignment with Bitcoin’s vision).

The moment stablecoins or national currencies gain traction in Bitcoin LN, you can forget about Bitcoin’s position as a purely decentralized medium of exchange. Bitcoin’s position will be undermined.

A Bitcoin-native global economy, where people and businesses transact directly in Bitcoin, is what aligns with its original purpose. This is what we should aim for. This is all we should aim for.

I used to believe stablecoins might help with on/off ramps. But the truth is, if Bitcoin is to function as a true currency, broader global adoption that bypasses traditional financial systems will make those ramps irrelevant.

Eventually, two camps will emerge. One will try to preserve Bitcoin’s purity as a currency. The other will push for everything else in the name of Bitcoin: store-of-value narratives, ETFs, stablecoin collaborations, tokens, pump and dumps, NFTs, and centralized workarounds.

Currency domination, especially by the USD, has long contributed to poverty in the Global South. It deepens inequality and worsens debt burdens. During the Tequila Crisis and the Asian Financial Crisis, countries like Mexico and regions like Southeast Asia suffered massive currency devaluations and defaults because of their dependence on the USD. Every time the US raises interest rates, developing nations experience capital flight, currency drops, and economic hardship. This is not ancient history. It has been happening in the last two years and continues to widen the poverty gap. And as always, it is the poor who suffer the most.

What does this have to do with stablecoins? Stablecoin is your fiat 2.0.

USDT is just currency domination through blockchain. It is pegged to the USD, and if it rides Bitcoin’s Lightning rails, it risks keeping users transacting in USD rather than in Bitcoin itself. That not only undermines Bitcoin’s core purpose, it risks making Bitcoin appear like it is taking sides in the fragile and invisible global currency war.

To counter, people will say “Let all stablecoins come. Peg them to any currency.” But what’s the point of Bitcoin then? To become the new logistics layer for fiat 2.0?

That is not progress. That is regress. It is inviting the very systems Bitcoin was built to disrupt back into the ecosystem.

I believe when you use stablecoins this way, you are not Trojan-horsing Bitcoin into the mainstream. You are letting fiat Trojan-horse its way into Bitcoin. And if you let them in, they will win.

Adding stablecoin into Bitcoin LN is counterproductive to Bitcoin's decentralized ethos.

Bitcoin’s true potential is its ability to provide an alternative to centralized, government-controlled currencies and financial systems. We should stick to the original game plan.

---

Side note: If you really want to Trojan-horse Bitcoin adoption…

In my country, we have so many mixed races and cross-cultural traditions. During Chinese New Year, if you are married, you give everyone who is not married an “ang pow,” which is money in a red packet. Because we are so deeply integrated, people give money at almost every celebration: Christmas, Eid, Diwali, birthdays, graduations, even funerals.

I recently met up with a friend who just had a baby, and I was more than happy to be the first to give her daughter some Bitcoin. Her first sats. It would not hurt to start giving Bitcoin as gifts. And if someone gets offended that it is not part of their tradition, just get a Bitkey and wrap it up. It is so pretty.

Find more fun and creative ways to spread Bitcoin adoption.

But for goodness’ sake, stop justifying everything else in the name of Bitcoin adoption.

---

To get a better idea of Fiat 2.0, I mind-mapped Bitcoin on macroeconomy on my scratchpad.

If you take a closer look, it might help you answer a few key questions:

• Do you want more or less government control over money?

• Are you a fan of central banks? Then you probably prefer stablecoins.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

หลังจากเราดูเรื่อง UPOV กันไปแล้ว วันนี้เรามาดูกันครับว่า ผู้ที่ต่อต้าน เจออะไรกันบ้าง

ในหลายประเทศทั่วโลก เสียงของเกษตรกรรายย่อยที่เคยเงียบงัน กำลังดังขึ้นท่ามกลางการรุกคืบของข้อตกลงระหว่างประเทศที่พยายามกีดกันสิทธิการใช้เมล็ดพันธุ์แบบดั้งเดิมของพวกเขา การก้าวเข้ามาของ UPOV 1991 ไม่ต่างอะไรกับการเขียนกฎหมายใหม่ให้บริษัทข้ามชาติมีสิทธิ “จดทะเบียน” พันธุ์พืชที่เคยเป็นสมบัติสาธารณะ แล้วเรียกร้องค่าลิขสิทธิ์จากเกษตรกรแม้จะปลูกเพื่อกินเองก็ตาม

แต่โลกนี้ไม่ได้เงียบ…

กรณีศึกษา อินเดีย หนึ่งในเสียงชัดเจนที่สุดมาจากดร.วันดานา ชิวา (Vandana Shiva) นักฟิสิกส์และนักเคลื่อนไหวด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมในอินเดีย ผู้ก่อตั้งองค์กร Navdanya ซึ่งมีภารกิจหลักในการปกป้องเมล็ดพันธุ์พื้นบ้านและเกษตรกรรมแบบยั่งยืน

Navdanya สร้างธนาคารเมล็ดพันธุ์ของตัวเอง โดยไม่ยอมรับระบบ UPOV ใด ๆ เลย องค์กรนี้ทำงานร่วมกับชุมชนพื้นเมืองทั่วอินเดียเพื่อเก็บเมล็ดพันธุ์ดั้งเดิมมากกว่า 2,000 สายพันธุ์ พร้อมกับปลูกฝังแนวคิดว่า “เมล็ดพันธุ์ไม่ใช่สินค้า แต่เป็นชีวิต”

อินเดียเอง แม้จะมีแรงกดดันจากการเจรจาทางการค้าระหว่างประเทศ แต่ก็ยังไม่ยอมรับ UPOV 1991 อย่างเป็นทางการ พวกเขาเลือกเขียนกฎหมายของตนเองชื่อว่า The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001 ซึ่งกล้าหาญมาก เพราะเป็นกฎหมายที่คุ้มครอง “สิทธิของเกษตรกร” เคียงคู่ไปกับ “สิทธิของนักปรับปรุงพันธุ์” โดยยืนยันว่า เกษตรกรมีสิทธิในการบันทึก เก็บ ใช้ แลกเปลี่ยน และขายเมล็ดพันธุ์ของตนเอง โดยไม่ต้องขออนุญาตจากใคร ผลคืออะไร? แรงกดดันจากต่างประเทศมาเต็ม โดยเฉพาะจากยุโรปและสหรัฐฯ ที่หวังให้อินเดีย “อัปเกรด” เข้าสู่ UPOV 1991 ให้ได้ เพราะจะทำให้บริษัทเมล็ดยักษ์ใหญ่สามารถเข้ามาจดทะเบียนพันธุ์พืชในอินเดียและเรียกร้องค่าลิขสิทธิ์ได้ แต่รัฐบาลอินเดียยังยืนหยัด ด้วยเหตุผลว่า “การให้สิทธิเฉพาะผู้ถือพันธุ์พืชเชิงพาณิชย์คือการทำลายฐานเกษตรกรรมพื้นบ้านทั้งหมด” แถมยังใช้ Navdanya Network ที่เก็บพันธุกรรมพื้นบ้านทั่วประเทศเป็นโล่กันอีกชั้น

เอธิโอเปีย เอธิโอเปียเป็นประเทศที่มีความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพสูงมาก โดยเฉพาะพืชอาหารท้องถิ่นอย่าง Teff (เทฟ) ที่ใช้ทำขนมปัง Injera อันเป็นหัวใจของวัฒนธรรมอาหารเอธิโอเปีย บริษัทสัญชาติดัตช์เคยพยายามจดสิทธิบัตรในยุโรปว่าเป็นเจ้าของพันธุ์เทฟ และเอธิโอเปียต้องจ่ายค่าลิขสิทธิ์ถ้าจะส่งออก สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นคือการตอบโต้จากฝั่งเอธิโอเปียและชาวแอฟริกันใต้ว่า “คุณจะเป็นเจ้าของพันธุ์พืชที่เราใช้มาเป็นพันปีได้ยังไง?” การเคลื่อนไหวนี้รุนแรงถึงขั้นมีการฟ้องร้องและถอนสิทธิบัตรออกจากหลายประเทศในยุโรป รัฐบาลเอธิโอเปียจึงเลือกไม่เข้าร่วม UPOV 1991 โดยเด็ดขาด และประกาศให้ Teff เป็น "ทรัพยากรของแผ่นดิน" ใครก็เอาไปจดสิทธิไม่ได้

อิหร่าน อิหร่านเป็นหนึ่งในประเทศที่ปฏิเสธการเข้าเป็นสมาชิก UPOV ทุกฉบับอย่างสิ้นเชิง พวกเขาเลือกปกป้องความมั่นคงด้านอาหารของตนเองโดยการสร้างระบบเก็บเมล็ดพันธุ์ชุมชนทั่วประเทศ และไม่ยอมให้บริษัทข้ามชาติเข้าครอบงำระบบเกษตรกรรม

อาร์เจนตินา แม้อาร์เจนตินาจะอนุญาตให้ใช้ GMO บางประเภท แต่พวกเขากลับยังไม่เข้าร่วม UPOV 1991 เพราะชาวนาอาร์เจนตินาหลายล้านรายออกมาคัดค้านหนักมาก ประเด็นหลักคือ “Seed Saving” หรือการเก็บเมล็ดพันธุ์ไว้ปลูกเอง ซึ่งถือเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นสำหรับเกษตรกรรายย่อย หากเข้าร่วม UPOV 1991 เมื่อใด การกระทำเช่นนี้อาจถือว่าผิดกฎหมาย รัฐบาลอาร์เจนตินาจึงเลือกเดินทางสายกลาง โดยให้ชาวนารายย่อยยังมีสิทธิพื้นฐานในการเก็บเมล็ดไว้ปลูกต่อได้โดยไม่ต้องจ่ายค่าลิขสิทธิ์ แม้จะมีแรงกดดันจาก Monsanto และ Dow Chemical ก็ตาม

เสียงเล็กๆ ที่รวมกันเป็นพายุ ในหลายประเทศในแอฟริกา ละตินอเมริกา และเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ ขบวนการคัดค้าน UPOV 1991 กำลังขยายตัว แม้เสียงจะยังไม่ดังเท่าบริษัทข้ามชาติ แต่ก็เริ่มส่งผลชัดเจนในเชิงนโยบาย หลายประเทศกำลังทบทวนข้อเสนอ FTA ใหม่ โดยใส่เงื่อนไขการปกป้องสิทธิของเกษตรกรรายย่อยเป็นหัวใจหลัก

ประเทศที่ปฏิเสธ UPOV 1991 มักโดนกดดันผ่าน “เข็มฉีดยาทางการค้า” ไม่ว่าจะเป็นเงื่อนไขใน FTA, การกีดกันทางภาษี หรือแม้แต่ถูกลดเครดิตในเวทีโลก เช่น - สหภาพยุโรปมักใส่เงื่อนไขให้ประเทศคู่เจรจา FTA ต้อง “ปรับปรุงกฎหมายให้สอดคล้องกับ UPOV 1991” เสมอ - องค์การทรัพย์สินทางปัญญาโลก (WIPO) ก็เป็นกระบอกเสียงสำคัญที่กดดันให้ประเทศต่าง ๆ เข้า UPOV เพื่อ “สร้างบรรยากาศการลงทุนที่ดี”

การไม่ยอมเข้า UPOV มักถูกตีความว่าเป็น “ความเสี่ยงทางเศรษฐกิจ” แต่จริง ๆ แล้วมันคือ การเลือกปกป้องฐานรากของประเทศตนเอง ต่างหาก

นี่คือยุคที่ผู้คนเริ่มตั้งคำถามว่า… ทำไมเมล็ดพันธุ์ต้องถูกจดลิขสิทธิ์? ใครกันแน่ที่ควรมีสิทธิต่อเมล็ดพันธุ์ คนที่ปลูกมันมาเป็นร้อยปี หรือบริษัทที่ใส่ชื่อบนฉลาก?

ในศตวรรษที่ 21 ที่เต็มไปด้วยเทคโนโลยี พันธุกรรม และ AI ยังมีคนอีกมากที่ยืนอยู่บนผืนดิน และหว่านเมล็ดด้วยมือของพวกเขาเอง โดยหวังว่าอาหารบนโต๊ะจะยังคงเป็นผลผลิตจากผืนแผ่นดิน ไม่ใช่จากใบอนุญาต

และนี่แหละคือสงครามที่แท้จริง สงครามของเมล็ดพันธุ์ และสิทธิในการกินอาหารที่ “ไม่ได้ถูกจดทะเบียนโดยใครสักคน” #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ 2183e947:f497b975

(1) Here is a partial list of p2p bitcoin exchanges and their friends:

• Robosats (custodial escrow)
• Hodlhodl (2-of-3 escrow)
• Peach (2-of-3 escrow)
• Binance P2P (2-of-3 escrow)
• Bisq v1 (either user can send the funds to a custodial escrow, but if neither one does that, the escrow never touches user funds)
• Bisq v2 (no escrow)

(2) In my opinion, bisq2 is the only "true" p2p exchange on the above list. In a true p2p system, the only people who *can* touch the money are the buyer and the seller. Whenever there's an escrow, even one that has to be "triggered" (like in bisq v1), it's not "really" p2p because the escrow serves as a middleman: he can collude with one party or the other to steal user funds, and in some models (e.g. robosats) he can just straight up run off with user funds without needing to collude at all.

(3) In bisq2 (the One True P2P exchange), buyers select sellers solely based on their reputation, and they just directly send them the bitcoin *hoping* they are as honest as their reputation says they are. What I like about this model is that bisq is not involved in bisq2 at all except as a platform to help buyers discover reputable sellers and communicate with them. There are two things I don't like about this "reputation" model: it's hard to get a good reputation, and it's hard to debug payment failures in this context. I've tried to do about 5 trades on bisq2 (as someone with no reputation) and not a single one went through. Four times, everyone ignored my offers or someone accepted it but then abandoned it immediately. Once, someone accepted my offer, but I could not pay their lightning invoice for some reason, so we mutually canceled the trade.

(4) Just because I opined that an exchange with an escrow "doesn't count" as peer-to-peer doesn't mean that's a bad thing. Of the list of exchanges in number 1, I most frequently use robosats, which, per my analysis, sounds like the "worst" one if considered solely on the metric of "which one is the most p2p." But I use it because there are *advantages* to its model: the btc seller doesn't need a reputation to use it (because the escrow is there to ensure he can't cheat, and so the escrow is the trusted third party, not the btc seller) and payment failures are easier to debug because you're always paying one of the coordinators, who tend to be responsive and knowledgeable and can help you figure out how to fix it (it's how they make money, after all).

(5) There are at least two ways to do escrow without a 3rd party. Satoshi Nakamoto outlines one way to do it here: https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/bitcointalk/threads/169/ Make a 2 of 2 multisig between the btc buyer and the btc seller, and have the btc seller put his btc in that multisig. Then have the btc buyer send the product (fiat money) to the btc seller. When the btc seller receives it, he sends his privkey to the btc buyer, who can now withdraw the money. The advantage of this system is that the buyer has no incentive to "stiff" the seller (by not sending the fiat), because if he does that, he won't get paid. The downside is, if the btc buyer is a troll who just aborts the protocol halfway through the trade, the seller loses his btc and cannot recover it.

(6) There is another way: start out with a 2 of 2 multisig just like above, but instead of having the btc seller fund it by himself, have the buyer and the seller *both* put in the *same amount* in the *same transaction* (i.e. via a coinjoin), and have the btc seller put in a bit "extra" -- like 20% extra. For example, if the btc seller wants $100 in fiat, the multisig would have $220 in it in total -- $120 from the seller and $100 from the buyer. Using this model, the disadvantage mentioned in paragraph number 5 is fixed: the buyer has an incentive now to send the fiat, otherwise he loses the $100 he put in. He only gets his $100 back if the btc seller cosigns to give it to him, which he'll only do once he receives the product. Meanwhile, the seller is *also* incentivized properly: he only gets his *extra* $20 back if the btc buyer cosigns to give it to him, which he'll only do if the transaction he's signing *also* gives him back *his* $100 deposit.

(7) The model described in number 6 exists: https://scrow.exchange/ is a website that implements it as an option, though as far as I'm aware, no one uses it. The downsides of this model are: it's capital intensive, e.g. a trade for $100 involves $220 or more. Also, the btc buyer needs to already *have* btc to post as a bond, so this cannot be his first time acquiring btc (unless someone helps him make his first deposit). Also, a very rich person who does not care about money can still be a troll; they deposit funds into the multisig alongside their counterparty, then abandon the trade, because they have so much money they don't care if they get it back as long as they cause suffering to their counterparty.

(8) I'd like to see more p2p exchanges, and more exchanges like robosats. I want to continue to spread awareness of ways they can improve -- like the protocols mentioned in numbers 5 and 6 -- and help them implement these protocols. If you run an exchange on the list in number 1 or want to start one, reach out to me, I'd love to help.

@ bb1c863a:2953c3fb

Block Height 892385 11:47 pm Monday, 14 April 2025

In a powerful gesture of support for Bitcoin-aligned education, Blockstream has donated 21 Blockstream Jade hardware wallets to the Consensus21 School — a groundbreaking learning initiative launching its first campus this year on the Mornington Peninsula, just outside Melbourne, Australia.

The donation will place 21 Jades directly into the hands of the first 21 students at the new campus — some as young as five years old — giving them real tools to explore Bitcoin self-custody, digital sovereignty, and privacy-first technology in an age-appropriate and hands-on way.

“The Jade wallets are more than just devices — they’re symbols of freedom, responsibility, and the future of education,” said Kieran Nolan, co-founder of Consensus21. “We’re incredibly grateful to Blockstream for standing behind our mission.”

---

Real Tools for Real Sovereignty

The Blockstream Jade is a secure, open-source hardware wallet built for Bitcoiners who value freedom, privacy, and independence. These values are embedded deeply into the Consensus21 educational philosophy, which blends Steiner-inspired learning, homeschooling flexibility, and a curriculum rooted in Bitcoin principles like voluntary exchange, decentralization, and self-responsibility.

With the Jades now part of the learning toolkit, Consensus21 learners will be introduced to key concepts like:

• Private key management
• Seed phrase generation and backup
• Multisig wallets
• The importance of self-custody and trust minimization

This is not just about theory — learners will get to use these tools in real-world contexts, preparing them to grow up fluent in the principles of freedom tech.

---

A Campus, A Vision, A Movement

Launching in 2025, the Mornington Peninsula campus is the pilot site for the broader Consensus21 vision: a distributed, regenerative, and values-aligned network of co-learning spaces, including a future 10-acre farm campus and a registered Steiner school.

The Blockstream donation comes at a pivotal time, as the community transitions from vision to reality. The gift of exactly 21 Blockstream Jades — echoing Bitcoin’s 21 million hard cap — is both a symbolic and practical gesture of support, underscoring the shared commitment between Bitcoin builders and grassroots educators.

---

Stay Connected

📄 Whitepaper: https://github.com/consensus21school/consensus21school.github.io/blob/main/whitepaper.md

🌐 Website: https://consensus21.school

📝 Nostr: CONSENSUS21@nostrcheck.me

🐦 X (Twitter): https://x.com/Consensus21

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Atualmente, os aplicativos de mensagens estão se tornando cada vez mais complexos, com diversas funcionalidades. Embora isso seja atrativo para os usuários, também chama a atenção de governos, golpistas, hackers e empresas interessadas em praticar spam.

Os problemas podem variar, incluindo bloqueios legais, roubo de contas, prejuízos financeiros, entre outros. Diversas situações podem inviabilizar o uso de sua conta de mensagens.

Uma estratégia que vem ganhando popularidade é adotar, com familiares e amigos, um aplicativo alternativo e discreto para mensagens. Assim, caso ocorram problemas com o app principal, a comunicação permanece intacta, pois um canal menos visado por golpistas e menos suscetível a intervenções governamentais estará sempre disponível.

Manter essa estratégia com pessoas próximas dificulta o bloqueio das comunicações, e ao optar por um app discreto, também se torna mais difícil para quem tenta interferir na sua comunicação.

Em resumo, quanto mais descentralizado e menos popular é seu aplicativo de mensagens, menor é a possibilidade de interferência na sua comunicação.

Uma alternativa interessante que uso é o Session, uma boa opção por funcionar sem a necessidade de identificação, como e-mail ou telefone, e de forma descentralizada. Como o Session não exige identificação para cadastro, é impossível alguém localizar sua conta sem que você compartilhe seu ID Session. Isso garante que apenas seus amigos terão acesso a você.

A ideia é combinar com seus amigos e familiares um app que não seja popular para servir de reserva. Nesse sentido, existem muitas opções disponíveis na internet. No entanto, em caso de invasão ou bloqueio, o Session é uma excelente alternativa para comunicação reserva. Ele roda na rede Lokinet que é uma rede de alta privacidade.

Outra possibilidade, que também é eficiente e pode ser mais fácil para usuários acostumados com o WhatsApp, é o Mixin Messenger. Ele possui uma aparência bem semelhante ao WhatsApp. Para grupos de usuários mais avançados, o SimpleX é uma excelente alternativa.

@ 25902b10:4f7034d4

I recently sat on a panel where the topic was “Why Bitcoin?” So I’m going to share what I shared with the audience.

I originally started writing this as an Instagram or LinkedIn caption, but I just kept writing and writing because this topic is so dear to my heart. So I decided to turn it into an article. My first article, actually. I hope you find some value in it if you ever come across it. I’m not a professional writer, by the way, but I hope the message gets home.

I live by the mantra “living and not just existing.”

Have you ever sat down and asked yourself: Am I truly living life, or am I just existing/surviving? You know, wake up, work, pay bills, repeat. Same old, same old. Not exciting, right?

From my observations, and from reading and interacting with people, I’ve realized that most people are just existing and they don’t even know it. Why? Because they’re prisoners to the fiat system. This system keeps them tied to a never-ending treadmill. Every day, they wake up and chase money, but somehow it’s never enough. Inflation quietly steals the value of their hard-earned cash. So they have to work and work, juggle multiple side hustles, just to keep up with the rising cost of life. In reality, life isn't necessarily getting more expensive, it's that the value of your money is being corroded by inflation.

And by the way, have you ever deeply thought about hustle culture? In my honest opinion, having three side hustles or jobs isn’t the flex we’ve been conditioned to think it is. You know, “I’m chasing the bag, man.” Honestly? Not cute. Hustle culture is a response to a broken system. People need all those jobs just to stay afloat.

Look at our grandparents in the '80s. Many of them had a single job or one business, one paycheck, and it was enough. Enough to raise a family, pay school fees, rent, buy essentials, even save.

In 2025? That’s almost unheard of. Why? Inflation. Are you starting to see the nightmare that inflation really is?

Another thing people don’t realize is that when you’re constantly working, time just passes you by. Remember the fiat treadmill? Yeah, that one. You're stuck on it, running and running, chasing money, and you miss out on life. Time with family. Walks in the park. Travel. Hobbies. Rest. You lose the human experience. The actual living part.

So people keep chasing and chasing until the day they’re too old or too tired to keep up and that’s when it hits them: “I never truly lived.” And that realization? It’s heavy.

Fiat money, whether dollars, shillings, or euros, steals from you. It steals your time, your peace, your freedom. Most of the time, all you’re doing is chasing it, and even when you do catch it, it’s already lost some of its value.

The system is designed to keep you in survival mode, anxious, worried about the next paycheck, your bills, your future. It wears you down mentally, physically, emotionally. But not many people see it that way.

The good news? We now have Bitcoin. And I know it sounds crazy or cliché, but it fixes all of this. Let me explain.

Bitcoin is the soundest form of money we've ever had as humans. It’s decentralized, scarce, deflationary, permissionless, borderless. Bitcoin is for everyone.

Now let’s focus on two key aspects: scarcity and its deflationary nature.

Bitcoin’s supply is capped at 21 million coins. No one, not a single person or authority can create more. It can’t be printed at will like fiat. That’s what makes it powerful.

When governments print money, they dilute its value just like adding too much water to concentrated juice until it tastes like nothing. That’s what inflation is: dilution of your money’s value. And it never ends. With Bitcoin, there’s no dilution. It’s built to protect value. That’s what makes it the perfect hedge against inflation, it doesn’t lose purchasing power over time, it preserves it.

So what does that mean practically?

Let’s say you earn Ksh. 1,000 today. If you save it in bitcoin, two weeks, months, or even a year from now, its value is likely to be preserved or even increased. Unlike fiat, which loses value just sitting in your bank account, bitcoin holds on to your hard-earned energy. And this is what connects back to living and not just existing.

Bitcoin gives you the freedom to step off the treadmill. You don’t have to constantly hustle just to stay in place. You can breathe. Imagine that feeling after a long, intense workout, the moment you finally rest. That deep exhale. That’s what life on a Bitcoin standard feels like.

It gives you time. Time to be human. To go to the park. Swim in the ocean. Hike a mountain. Travel. Meet people. Explore cultures. LIVE.

Bitcoin also makes you a better person. The more you learn about it and the broken money system we’ve been stuck in, the more you begin to care. You start looking within. You want better for yourself, your community, humanity. Your thoughts shift. Your actions shift. Bitcoin has that effect. That’s why I say Bitcoin is healing energy.

And I can’t help but think of Michael Jackson’s “Heal the World.” Every line in that song describes the pain caused by a broken system and the world he wanted to see. I believe he would’ve loved what Bitcoin represents. Because it’s about healing. Freedom. Harmony.

So here’s my call to action: Study Bitcoin. Start paying attention. Don’t ignore it. I promise you, it changes everything. There are so many free online learning materials. There’s Bitcoin Twitter. Bitcoin communities all around the world. And of course, I’m here for any questions too.

I want the world to heal. I want to see more people enjoying the human experience. I want to see people spend time with their families, go to the park, swim in lakes/oceans and enjoy the simple pleasures of this beautiful earth.

I want more people to be in tune with themselves so we can all live in harmony, and the universe can be in harmony too.

We can heal the world. We can become happy souls. We can become LOVE: the true essence of life.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

A MixPay é uma plataforma gratuita que permite o recebimento de pagamentos em criptomoedas de forma prática e eficiente. Com a popularidade crescente das criptomoedas, essa modalidade de pagamento está se tornando cada vez mais comum em diversas partes do mundo, incluindo o Brasil, onde alguns municípios, como Rolante, no Rio Grande do Sul, já possuem estabelecimentos que aceitam pagamentos em criptoativos.

Veja um exemplo prático no YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPJ5LqQ19CY

Por que aceitar pagamentos em criptomoedas?

Crescimento global: O uso de criptomoedas para pagamentos de produtos e serviços está em ascensão, impulsionado pela descentralização e pela conveniência que oferecem.

Sem fronteiras: Ideal para quem deseja receber pagamentos internacionais sem taxas elevadas de conversão ou restrições bancárias. Semelhante ao Pix, mas descentralizado: Assim como o Pix revolucionou os pagamentos no Brasil, a MixPay oferece uma experiência similar, mas utilizando criptomoedas, sem a necessidade de intermediários bancários.

Vantagens da MixPay

Gratuita: Não há custos para criar uma conta e começar a receber pagamentos.

Fácil de usar: O processo de recebimento é simples, tanto para comerciantes quanto para consumidores, podendo ser realizado em poucos cliques.

Flexibilidade de moedas: Receba pagamentos em diversas criptomoedas, incluindo Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), USDT e outras.

Conversão automática: A MixPay permite que você receba em uma criptomoeda e converta automaticamente para outra de sua escolha, caso deseje evitar a volatilidade.

Integração fácil: Seja para e-commerces ou estabelecimentos físicos, a MixPay oferece QR Codes, APIs e plugins para integração com seu sistema.

Como começar com a MixPay?

1 - Baixe a carteira Mixin aqui https://messenger.mixin.one/

2 - Com a carteira Mixin instalada clique em https://dashboard.mixpay.me/login e ao abrir o site clique no botão Mixin

3 - Na carteira Mixin clique no leitor de QrCode no canto superior direito e escaneie o site.

Pronto! Você já conectou a sua carteira Mixin com a MixPay. Receba pagamentos em instantes, seja por meio de um QR Code, link de pagamento ou integração com sua loja online.

Se você deseja modernizar seu negócio ou simplesmente começar a explorar o universo das criptomoedas, a MixPay é uma alternativa gratuita, eficiente e que acompanha as tendências atuais.

Para mais informações acesse https://mixpay.me

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Num recente podcast, o Miguel Milhão falou sobre o crash nos mercados financeiros. No meio de muita conversa de macroeconomia e mercados financeiros, o convidado deixou alguns pontos interessantes, mas duas ideias ficaram no meu pensamento, infelizmente, ele não aprofundou, mas é algo que eu quero fazer futuramente.

Perda de paridade

A primeira ideia que o convidado apontou foi, a possibilidade da perda de paridade do papel-moeda e a CBDC, eu nunca tinha pensado neste ponto de vista.

Se os governos não conseguirem retirar de circulação todo o papel-moeda rapidamente, se houver circulação em simultâneo com a CBDC, o papel-moeda poderá ter um premium. Isto faz todo o sentido, os governos poderão dar oficialmente o mesmo valor facial, mas como nas CBDCs existirá mais controlo, restrições e monitorização, as pessoas vão preferir o papel-moeda, vão pagar um premium para manter a sua privacidade.

Na prática, será algo similar ao que acontece em alguns países onde existem algumas controlo de capitais, onde o dólar do mercado negro é superior ao dólar oficial. Os comerciantes também poderão fazer descontos superiores nos produtos quando são pagos com papel-moeda.

Isso poderá provocar um descolar do valor, a mesma moeda com valores diferentes, a oficial e do mercado negro. Isso poderá levar os governos a tomar medidas mais autoritárias para eliminar o papel-moeda de circulação.

Não sei se alguma vez acontecerá, mas é algo que eu tenho que refletir e aprofundar esta ideia.

RBU e Controlo

A outra ideia apontada pelo convidado, a CBDC será uma peça fundamental numa sociedade onde a maioria das pessoas sobrevivem com Rendimento Básico Universal (RBU).

Todos sabemos que a CBDC vai servir para os governos monitorar, fiscalizar e controlar os cidadãos. O ponto que eu nunca tinha pensado, é que esta pode ser essencial para a implementação do RBU. Se chegarmos a esse ponto, será o fim da liberdade dos cidadãos, onde o estado controla quando, quanto e onde o cidadão pode gastar o seu dinheiro. O estado irá determinar o valor do RBU e as CBDC vão determinar onde podes gastá-lo.

Penso que já não existem dúvidas que a AI e a robótica vão revolucionar o mundo laboral, vai provocar uma profunda queda nos postos de trabalho, profissões vão desaparecer ou vão reduzir drasticamente o número de funcionários.

Muitas pessoas consideram que a solução é o RBU, mas eu tenho muitas dificuldades em encontrar viabilidade económica e social numa sociedade onde a maioria recebe o RBU.

É a implementação do conceito: não terá nada, mas será feliz.

Será que as máquinas vão conseguir produzir tudo, o que os seres humanos necessitam, a um custo tão baixo, que vai deixar de ser necessário os humanos trabalharem? Tenho muitas dúvidas que essa possibilidade aconteça, se nós humanos não necessitarmos de trabalhar, vai se perder o incentivo para desenvolver novas tecnologias, gerar inovação e de evoluir a sociedade.

Eu já tenho refletido bastante sobre o RBU, mas por mais que pense, não consigo encontrar uma viabilidade económica para manter isto de pé. Onde vão buscar dinheiro para financiar uma percentagem expressiva de pessoas que sobreviverá com o RBU. Eu só olho para isto, como um comunismo com esteróides, talvez esteja errado.

Além dos problemas econômicos, eu acredito que isso vai gerar problemas sociais e de comportamento, vai gerar uma revolta social. Em primeiro lugar, existe uma parte de seres humanos que são ambiciosos, querem mais coisas, que vão lutar e vão conseguir mais. Depois existe outra parte, que é invejosa, quer ter mais, mas não consegue.

Uma sociedade onde quase ninguém trabalha, existindo demasiado tempo livre, vão emergir vícios e conflitos sociais. As pessoas com tempo para pensar reflectir sobre a sua vida e sobre a sociedade, alguns vão delirar, vão questionar tudo. Por isso, a religião desempenha um papel importante na sociedade, cria moralismo através de dogmas, os crentes não questionam, apenas seguem. Por vezes, a ignorância é uma bênção.

Isto faz lembrar-me o porquê das sociedades monogâmicas tornaram-se mais desenvolvidas, em comparação com as poligâmicas. A monogamia trouxe uma paz social à sociedade, existem muito menos conflitos e guerras, há mais harmonia. Milhões de anos de evolução das espécies, nos humanos e alguns animais, a natureza/genética trouxe um equilíbrio no número de nascimento de elementos masculinos e femininos. Mas nas sociedades poligâmicas, normalmente os homens mais ricos têm várias mulheres, consequentemente haveria outros homens que não teriam nenhuma mulher, isso resulta em maior revolta e conflitos sociais. Isto é pura matemática, se existe quase 50/50, de um homem tem 7 mulheres, isto resulta, que 6 homens não terão qualquer mulher. As religiões ao defenderem a monogamia, ao determinar que era pecado ter mais que uma mulher, resultaram em menos conflitos, numa maior paz social. Isso permitiu um maior desenvolvimento de sociedades monogâmicas, do que as poligâmicas.

Acabei por desviar um pouco do assunto. Além disso, o valor do RBU teria que ser elevado, para que permita aos cidadãos ter acesso ao desporto, aos espetáculos, futebol, viajar, para financiar os seus tempos livres. Se eu já acho difícil arranjar dinheiro para financiar a generalidade dos cidadãos, com produtos e serviços básicos, ainda será mais difícil ou impossível, se tiver que financiar os passatempos.

Em vez do RBU, ainda existe a opção do Imposto sobre o Rendimento Negativo (IRN), minimiza um pouco, mas o problema mantém-se. Aconselho a leitura do artigo do Tiago sobre o IRN.

Mas o mais interessante de tudo, os governos vão criar as CBDC para controlar os cidadãos, com a ideia distópica de criar mais paz social, mas eu acredito que resultará no seu inverso.

---

São duas ideias que eu tenho que aprofundar, futuramente.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Nos últimos quatro anos, desde seu lançamento em 2020, o Nostr evoluiu de um projeto experimental para um protocolo amplamente adotado por usuários e desenvolvedores em todo o mundo. Combinando inovação e simplicidade, o Nostr vem se destacando como uma rede social descentralizada e flexível.

Um dos aplicativos que tem ganhado atenção é o YakiHonne, disponível para Android e iOS. Este cliente Nostr vem se diferenciando por suas melhorias constantes e sua usabilidade intuitiva. Entre suas funcionalidades mais atraentes estão o sistema de pontuação por participação, a capacidade de fixar coleções e a possibilidade de publicar vídeos, podcasts, blogs e anotações curtas, tornando-o uma plataforma versátil e abrangente.

Apesar dos desafios que ainda enfrenta, como a necessidade de aprimorar a experiência do usuário e aumentar a adoção em massa, o Nostr se destaca por sua abordagem transparente e sua capacidade de evolução. Funcionalidades como a integração da Lightning Network para pagamentos rápidos e seguros, além do suporte a conteúdo multimídia, são exemplos claros da flexibilidade do protocolo.

Como um projeto de código aberto, o Nostr também se tornou um verdadeiro laboratório para desenvolvedores experimentarem novas ideias. Diversos serviços e funcionalidades estão em constante desenvolvimento, ampliando o ecossistema e abrindo novas possibilidades para o futuro da comunicação descentralizada.

Se você está buscando um aplicativo que seja baseado na rede Nostr, testar o YakiHonne pode ser uma forma de avaliar potencialidades e limites deste protocolo.

Saiba mais em https://yakihonne.com

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Executar uma IA local (como LLaMA.cpp, whisper.cpp, etc.) em um mini PC ou Raspberry Pi, combinada com um relay SimpleX privado rodando via .onion (com Tor), permite que você tenha um assistente pessoal inteligente sem depender de intermediários. Isso evita, por exemplo, o vazamento de dados sensíveis para empresas proprietárias dessas inteligências artificiais.

Ideal para pesquisadores que utilizam esse tipo de assistente, mas ainda estão em fase de sigilo em seus estudos e experimentos. Também é perfeito para entusiastas de privacidade, autonomia e independência tecnológica. Como tarefa de aula para alunos de programação e redes, pode ser um projeto interessante e desafiador.

O SimpleX Chat é um sistema de mensagens bastante flexível, permitindo diversas personalizações, inclusive que o usuário execute seus próprios relays de transmissão. Nesse sentido, instalar um relay e conectá-lo a uma inteligência artificial rodando localmente no computador é uma tarefa relativamente fácil.

O principal desafio está em criar um bot intermediário que:

Recebe mensagens no relay,

Passa a entrada para a IA local,

Coleta a resposta gerada pela IA,

E a envia de volta via SimpleX.

Para garantir total privacidade, todo o tráfego deve ocorrer via rede onion.

Como implementar na prática? É necessário:

Um relay simplexmq rodando via Tor (.onion).

Uma IA local (LLaMA.cpp, whisper.cpp ou outra de preferência do desenvolvedor) instalada no computador.

Com esses dois elementos configurados, basta criar um script (em Python, por exemplo) para:

Ler mensagens recebidas,

Encaminhá-las à IA local,

Capturar a resposta e enviá-la via protocolo SMP (SimpleX Messaging Protocol).

Resultado? Um sistema privado de comunicação com assistente inteligente: ✔ Sem servidores de terceiros, ✔ Sem nuvem, ✔ Sem Google, OpenAI ou qualquer outra empresa de IA. ✔ Tudo via Tor, tudo criptografado. ✔ Você interage com uma IA local, com zero risco de vazamento de dados.

Principais desafios técnicos (nada impossível!) Implementar um cliente SimpleX (script em Python) no lado da IA, pois o relay sozinho não envia mensagens — ele apenas as entrega entre peers conectados.

O protocolo SimpleX ainda não tem um cliente CLI oficial, mas é possível usar bibliotecas emergentes ou implementar comunicação em nível de socket com base na documentação do protocolo.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Ter um segundo sistema de mensagens é importante para uso com a família ou grupo de amigos, especialmente naqueles casos em que o WhatsApp é invadido para aplicar golpes nos seus contatos ou, ainda, por conta de bloqueios judiciais que alguns governantes consideram necessários impor. Nesses casos — entre outros possíveis problemas — possuir um segundo sistema de mensagens pode garantir a continuidade da comunicação com seus amigos ou familiares.

Como sistemas de mensagem alternativos, os aplicativos Mixin, Session e Simplex se destacam, cada um com funcionalidades bem distintas. Um fator importante é o grau de dificuldade para usuários com pouca ou nenhuma familiaridade na configuração de aplicativos. Nesse sentido, a escolha do aplicativo deve levar em conta o perfil das pessoas que irão usá-lo.

O aplicativo mais fácil de operar para quem já usa WhatsApp é, sem dúvidas, o Mixin Messenger. Ele permite o cadastro com o número do celular, em uma lógica muito semelhante ao WhatsApp. Para os mais exigentes em relação à privacidade, é possível criar uma conta sem uso de e-mails ou número de telefone. Assim, atende tanto ao usuário acostumado ao WhatsApp quanto àquele que prefere algo com menor vínculo de identificação, ao eliminar dados de contato.

Já o Session oferece a criação de contas totalmente desvinculadas de qualquer dado pessoal, sem necessidade de e-mail ou número de telefone. No entanto, ao criar uma conta, é gerado um ID totalmente aleatório e uma seed (13 palavras) que serve como senha. Se você perder essa seed, perderá o acesso à conta. Essa forma de cadastro garante total privacidade, mas exige cuidado por parte do usuário em armazenar bem a seed. É ideal para grupos com alguma familiaridade no uso de palavras-chave. Usuários acostumados a recuperar senhas com frequência geralmente não dão a devida importância à segurança dessas seeds.

O Simplex é o que há de mais radical em termos de privacidade até o momento — mas é importante lembrar que mais privacidade também significa mais complexidade. A alta privacidade exige uma combinação equilibrada entre comportamento e tecnologia, algo mais comum entre usuários com perfil técnico. Nesse sentido, o Simplex geralmente é utilizado por grupos com algum conhecimento tecnológico e hábitos de segurança digital. Ele permite, por exemplo, que o próprio usuário hospede seu relay na rede Onion, em um Raspberry Pi ou outro tipo de computador.

Uma característica que torna o Simplex tão radical é o fato de não gerar um ID fixo nem utilizar servidores convencionais para trafegar mensagens, além de não coletar metadados. No entanto, isso pode representar dificuldades para usuários sem experiência com tecnologias de comunicação.

Basicamente, se você pretende usar um aplicativo de mensagens alternativo com um grupo inexperiente, o Mixin pode ser a melhor escolha. Já se os familiares e amigos têm mais desenvoltura com tecnologia, o Session pode ser uma excelente alternativa. O Simplex, por outro lado, pode gerar dor de cabeça para grupos inexperientes, dada sua complexidade de uso. No Simplex não há recuperação automatizada de conta com arquivos na nuvem ou qualquer recurso semelhante — é necessário o hábito de realizar backups manuais com alguma frequência. A configuração inicial também pode gerar confusão para usuários não técnicos. Por isso, o Simplex é uma boa escolha apenas para grupos com alguma desenvoltura tecnológica. Para pessoas experientes, ele oferece total personalização e privacidade.

Em termos de segurança, todos os três aplicativos oferecem privacidade e resistência à censura, não são atraentes para golpistas e são difíceis de bloquear. Isso é importante se você está buscando um sistema de mensagens alternativo justamente para manter a comunicação ativa em caso de problemas com seu mensageiro principal. Mas não se esqueça de considerar qual é o perfil dos usuários do seu grupo de contatos.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Sofia might surprise you. One of Europe’s oldest cities, it's a place where Roman ruins, Ottoman mosques, Orthodox churches, Soviet monuments, and hip street art all live side by side. Add in mountain views, leafy parks, and a rising food and coffee scene, and you’ve got a laid-back, history-rich capital that’s still flying under the radar.

🌟 What to See in Sofia

1️⃣ Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

• The city’s iconic symbol, with golden domes and an ornate Orthodox interior
• Free to enter, and worth visiting at sunset when the light hits the gold just right

2️⃣ Roman Ruins of Serdica

• Right in the heart of the city, you can walk through the excavated streets and buildings of ancient Serdica
• Look down through glass panels or walk among ruins near the Largo complex

3️⃣ St. George Rotunda

• A 4th-century red-brick church tucked behind government buildings
• One of the oldest and most atmospheric sites in Sofia

4️⃣ Vitosha Boulevard

• The city’s main pedestrian street, lined with shops, cafés, and mountain views
• Great for people-watching, especially at a terrace with a rakia or local craft beer

5️⃣ National Palace of Culture (NDK)

• A massive cultural center with striking architecture and gardens
• Surrounded by a wide boulevard that's great for walks or grabbing snacks from nearby vendors

⛰️ Escape to Nature: Vitosha Mountain

• Just outside the city, Vitosha Mountain is a paradise for hikers, skiers, or picnickers
• Visit Boyana Church (UNESCO site) and hike to Boyana Waterfall
• In winter: great for a quick ski day
• In summer: cool breezes and panoramic city views

🍽️ What to Eat in Sofia

• Shopska salad – Fresh, simple, and topped with white cheese
• Kavarma – Slow-cooked meat and vegetables in clay pots
• Banitsa – A flaky pastry filled with cheese or pumpkin
• Wash it down with rakia (fruit brandy) or local wines from Melnik or the Thracian Valley

🎯 Tips for Visiting Sofia

✅ Affordable and uncrowded—a great value destination
✅ Currency: Bulgarian lev (BGN)
✅ Most signs use both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, but a few phrases in Bulgarian go a long way
✅ Spring and fall offer the best weather for exploring both city and mountain

@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353

Ascolta.

We live in times where the average man is measured by the speeches he gives — not by the commitments he keeps. People talk about dreams, goals, promises… but what truly remains is what’s honored in the silence of small gestures, in actions that don’t seek applause, in attitudes unseen — yet speak volumes.

Punctuality, for example. Showing up on time isn’t about the clock. It’s about respect. Respect for another’s time, yes — but more importantly, respect for one’s own word. A man who is late without reason is already running late in his values. And the one who excuses his own lateness with sweet justifications slowly gets used to mediocrity.

Keeping your word is more than fulfilling promises. It is sealing, with the mouth, what the body must later uphold. Every time a man commits to something, he creates a moral debt with his own dignity. And to break that commitment is to declare bankruptcy — not in the eyes of others, but in front of himself.

And debts? Even the small ones — or especially the small ones — are precise thermometers of character. A forgotten sum, an unpaid favor, a commitment left behind… all of these reveal the structure of the inner building that man resides in. He who neglects the small is merely rehearsing for his future collapse.

Life, contrary to what the reckless say, is not built on grand deeds. It is built with small bricks, laid with almost obsessive precision. The truly great man is the one who respects the details — recognizing in them a code of conduct.

In Sicily, especially in the streets of Palermo, I learned early on that there is more nobility in paying a five-euro debt on time than in flaunting riches gained without word, without honor, without dignity.

As they say in Palermo: L’uomo si conosce dalle piccole cose.

So, amico mio, Don’t talk to me about greatness if you can’t show up on time. Don’t talk to me about respect if your word is fickle. And above all, don’t talk to me about honor if you still owe what you once promised — no matter how small.

Thank you for reading, my friend!

If this message resonated with you, consider leaving your "🥃" as a token of appreciation.

A toast to our family!

@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353

Ascolta bene.
A man’s collapse never begins on the battlefield.
It begins in the invisible antechamber of his own mind.
Before any public fall, there is an ignored internal whisper—
a small, quiet, private decision that gradually drags him toward ruin.

No empire ever fell without first rotting from within.
The world does not destroy a man who hasn’t first surrendered to himself.
The enemy outside only wins when it finds space in the void the man has silently carved.

**Non ti sbagliare ** — there are no armies more ruthless than undisciplined thoughts.
There are no blows more fatal than the ones we deal ourselves:
with small concessions, well-crafted excuses,
and the slow deterioration of our integrity.
What people call failure is nothing more than the logical outcome
of a sequence of internal betrayals.

Afraid of the world? Sciocchezze.
But a man who’s already bowed before his own weaknesses—
he needs no enemies.
He digs his own grave, chooses the epitaph,
and the only thing the world does is toss in some dirt.

Capisci?

Strength isn’t the absence of falling, but the presence of resistance.
The true battle isn’t external.
It takes place within—where there’s only you, your conscience, and the mirror.
And it’s in that silent courtroom where everything is decided.

The discipline to say “no” to yourself
is more noble than any public glory.
Self-control is more valuable than any victory over others.

In Sicily, we learn early:
“Cu s’abbrazza cu’ so’ nemicu, si scorda la faccia di l’amicu.”
He who embraces his enemy forgets the face of his friend.
The most dangerous enemy is the one you feed daily with self-indulgence.
And the most relentless confrontation is the one you avoid in front of the mirror.

So don’t talk to me about external defeats.
Tell me where inside you the weakness began.
Tell me the exact moment you abandoned what you believed in, in the name of ease.
Because a man only falls before the world… after falling before himself.

Thank you for reading, my friend!

If this message resonated with you, consider leaving your "🥃" as a token of appreciation.

A toast to our family!

@ c21b1a6c:0cd4d170

🧾 Progress Report Two

Hey everyone! I’m back with another progress report for Formstr, a part of the now completed grant from nostr:npub10pensatlcfwktnvjjw2dtem38n6rvw8g6fv73h84cuacxn4c28eqyfn34f . This update covers everything we’ve built since the last milestone — including polish, performance, power features, and plenty of bug-squashing.

---

🏗️ What’s New Since Last Time?

This quarter was less about foundational rewrites and more about production hardening and real-world feedback. With users now onboard, our focus shifted to polishing UX, fixing issues, and adding new features that made Formstr easier and more powerful to use.

✨ New Features & UX Improvements

• Edit Existing Forms
• Form Templates
• Drag & Drop Enhancements (especially for mobile)
• New Public Forms UX (card-style layout)
• FAQ & Support Sections
• Relay Modal for Publishing
• Skeleton Loaders and subtle UI Polish

---

🐛 Major Bug Fixes

• Fixed broken CSV exports when responses were empty
• Cleaned up mobile rendering issues for public forms
• Resolved blank.ts export issues and global form bugs
• Fixed invalid npub strings in the admin flow
• Patched response handling for private forms
• Lots of small fixes for titles, drafts, embedded form URLs, etc.

---

🔐 Access Control & Privacy

• Made forms private by default
• Fixed multiple issues around form visibility, access control UIs, and anonymous submissions
• Improved detection of pubkey issues in shared forms

---

🚧 Some Notable In-Progress Features

The following features are actively being developed, and many are nearing completion:

• Conditional Questions:
  This one’s been tough to crack, but we’re close!
  Work in progress by keraliss and myself:
  👉 PR #252

• Downloadable Forms:
  Fully-contained downloadable HTML versions of forms.
  Being led by casyazmon with initial code by Basanta Goswami
  👉 PR #274

• OLLAMA Integration (Self-Hosted LLMs):
  Users will be able to create forms using locally hosted LLMs.
  PR by ashu01304
  👉 PR #247

• Sections in Forms:
  Work just started on adding section support!
  Small PoC PR by keraliss:
  👉 PR #217

---

🙌 Huge Thanks to New Contributors

We've had amazing contributors this cycle. Big thanks to:

• Aashutosh Gandhi (ashu01304) – drag-and-drop enhancements, OLLAMA integration
• Amaresh Prasad (devAmaresh) – fixed npub and access bugs
• Biresh Biswas (Billa05) – skeleton loaders
• Shashank Shekhar Singh (Shashankss1205) – bugfixes, co-authored image patches
• Akap Azmon Deh-nji (casyazmon) – CSV fixes, downloadable forms
• Manas Ranjan Dash (mdash3735) – bug fixes
• Basanta Goswami – initial groundwork for downloadable forms
• keraliss – ongoing work on conditional questions and sections

We also registered for the Summer of Bitcoin program and have been receiving contributions from some incredibly bright new applicants.

---

🔍 What’s Still Coming?

From the wishlist I committed to during the grant, here’s what’s still in the oven:

-[x] Upgrade to nip-44 - [x] Access Controlled Forms: A Form will be able to have multiple admins and Editors. - [x] Private Forms and Fixed Participants: Enncrypt a form and only allow certain npubs to fill it. - [x] Edit Past Forms: Being able to edit an existing form. - [x] Edit Past Forms
- [ ] Conditional Rendering (in progress)
- [ ] Sections (just started)
- [ ] Integrations - OLLAMA / AI-based Form Generation (near complete)
- [ ] Paid Surveys
- [ ] NIP-42 Private Relay support

---

❌ What’s De-Prioritized?

• Nothing is de-prioritized now especially since Ollama Integration got re-prioritized (thanks to Summer Of Bitcoin). We are a little delayed on Private Relays support but it's now becoming a priority and in active development. Zap Surveys will be coming soon too.

---

💸 How Funds Were Used

• Paid individual contributors for their work.
• Living expenses to allow full-time focus on development

---

🧠 Closing Thoughts

Things feel like they’re coming together now. We’re out of "beta hell", starting to see real adoption, and most importantly, gathering feedback from real users. That’s helping us make smarter choices and move fast without breaking too much.

Stay tuned for the next big drop — and in the meantime, try creating a form at formstr.app, and let me know what you think!

@ 4e088f30:744b1792

Pouco menos de um mês antes de sua morte, minha mãe escreveu um texto com suas reflexões sobre a carta dezesseis do conjunto de cartas que eu criei. Ela estava lendo com a fonoaudióloga que a atendia e me contou. Eu disse que queria ouvir a reflexão, e um dia ela gravou um áudio para mim.

A carta dizia assim:

Ajo como borboleta que vai contra a força da vida ao sair do casulo tentando controlar o modo como será vista. Não percebo que tudo o que precisa ser feito agora é me entregar às minhas próprias asas.

Se a borboleta sai do casulo para ser vista como idealiza, o que ela deixa de ver, o que ela deixa de nutrir na vida?

Um dos trechos do texto que ela escreveu era:

“Você pode me ver?”

E eu me pergunto: será que tenho coragem de vê-la por inteiro? Ver sem palavras, sem conceitos, sem julgamentos, sem projeções? Será que tenho coragem de apenas ver quem ela é?

–

Outro dia, estava na casa dela - e o que mais me interessa sempre são seus cadernos - eu encontrei um que ainda não tinha visto. Parece que ela o usava em meados dos anos 90. Eu o abri e encontrei o nome Elizabeth Kubler Ross e eu tinha lido alguns livros dela alguns anos atrás, quando comecei a mergulhar em estudos sobre cuidados paliativos, morte e luto, então achei oportuno e li o que estava escrito:

“Depois de passar por todas as provas para as quais fomos mandados à terra como parte de nosso aprendizado, podemos nos formar. Podemos sair do nosso corpo, que aprisiona a alma como um casulo aprisiona a futura borboleta e, no momento certo, deixá-lo para trás. E estaremos livres da dor, livres dos medos e livres das preocupações… Livres como uma borboleta voltando para casa, para Deus… em um lugar onde nunca estamos sós, onde continuamos a crescer, a cantar, a dançar, onde estamos com aqueles que amamos e cercados de mais amor que jamais poderemos imaginar.” Elizabeth Kubler Ross, M.D (A roda da vida)

Antes de ouvir o que ela tinha escrito, eu disse que ela estava confiando na fonoaudióloga para se abrir e isso ia ajudá-la a florescer, ela emendou com “largar o casulo e virar borboleta”. Ela se sentia ainda emaranhada no casulo. No último ano ela falou algumas vezes sobre a necessidade de desapegar, sobre a única dificuldade dela ser soltar o apego a nós, os filhos dela. Mas ela foi fazendo o trabalho de soltar e soltar e soltar, até que se entregou às suas asas que sempre foram lindas e brilhantes a cada metamorfose em vida, e agora sendo vida.

Começo essa jornada, que ainda não sei o que será - embora tenha alguns desejos, com esses escritos, que ofereço à Vida, que já foi chamada de Glória e de minha mãe.

@ 846ebf79:fe4e39a4

The next iteration is coming

We're busy racing to the finish line, for the #Alexandria Gutenberg beta. Then we can get the bug hunt done, release v0.1.0, and immediately start producing the first iteration of the Euler (v0.2.0) edition.

While we continue to work on fixing the performance issues and smooth rendering on the Reading View, we've gone ahead and added some new features and apps, which will be rolled-out soon.

The biggest projects this iteration have been:

• the HTTP API for the #Realy relay from nostr:npub1fjqqy4a93z5zsjwsfxqhc2764kvykfdyttvldkkkdera8dr78vhsmmleku,
• implementation of a publication tree structure by nostr:npub1wqfzz2p880wq0tumuae9lfwyhs8uz35xd0kr34zrvrwyh3kvrzuskcqsyn,
• and the Great DevOps Migration of 2025 from the ever-industrious Mr. nostr:npub1qdjn8j4gwgmkj3k5un775nq6q3q7mguv5tvajstmkdsqdja2havq03fqm7.

All are backend-y projects and have caused a major shift in process and product, on the development team's side, even if they're still largely invisible to users.

Another important, but invisible-to-you change is that nostr:npub1ecdlntvjzexlyfale2egzvvncc8tgqsaxkl5hw7xlgjv2cxs705s9qs735 has implemented the core bech32 functionality (and the associated tests) in C/C++, for the #Aedile NDK.

On the frontend:

nostr:npub1636uujeewag8zv8593lcvdrwlymgqre6uax4anuq3y5qehqey05sl8qpl4 is currently working on the blog-specific Reading View, which allows for multi-npub or topical blogging, by using the 30040 index as a "folder", joining the various 30041 articles into different blogs. She has also started experimenting with categorization and columns for the landing page.

nostr:npub1l5sga6xg72phsz5422ykujprejwud075ggrr3z2hwyrfgr7eylqstegx9z revamped the product information pages, so that there is now a Contact page (including the ability to submit a Nostr issue) and an About page (with more product information, the build version displayed, and a live #GitCitadel feed).

We have also allowed for discrete headings (headers that aren't section headings, akin to the headers in Markdown). Discrete headings are formatted, but not added to the ToC and do not result in a section split by Asciidoc processors.

We have added OpenGraph metadata, so that hyperlinks to Alexandria publications, and other events, display prettily in other apps. And we fixed some bugs.

The Visualisation view has been updated and bug-fixed, to make the cards human-readable and closeable, and to add hyperlinks to the events to the card-titles.

We have added support for the display of individual wiki pages and the integration of them into 30040 publications. (This is an important feature for scientists and other nonfiction writers.)

We prettified the event json modal, so that it's easier to read and copy-paste out of.

The index card details have been expanded and the menus on the landing page have been revamped and expanded. Design and style has been improved, overall.

Project management is very busy

Our scientific adviser nostr:npub1m3xdppkd0njmrqe2ma8a6ys39zvgp5k8u22mev8xsnqp4nh80srqhqa5sf is working on the Euler plans for integrating features important for medical researchers and other scientists, which have been put on the fast track.

Next up are:

• a return of the Table of Contents
• kind 1111 comments, highlights, likes
• a prototype social feed for wss://theforest.nostr1.com, including long-form articles and Markdown rendering
• compose and edit of publications
• a search field
• the expansion of the relay set with the new relays from nostr:npub12262qa4uhw7u8gdwlgmntqtv7aye8vdcmvszkqwgs0zchel6mz7s6cgrkj, including some cool premium features
• full wiki functionality and disambiguation pages for replaceable events with overlapping d-tags
• a web app for mass-uploading and auto-converting PDFs to 30040/41 Asciidoc events, that will run on Realy, and be a service free for our premium relay subscribers
• ability to subscribe to the forest with a premium status
• the book upload CLI has been renamed and reworked into the Sybil Test Utility and that will get a major release, covering all the events and functionality needed to test Euler
• the #GitRepublic public git server project
• ....and much more.

Thank you for reading and may your morning be good.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Nestled at the foot of the Alps, Salzburg is a city where Baroque beauty, musical legacy, and alpine magic come together. Best known as the birthplace of Mozart and the setting for The Sound of Music*, Salzburg is both elegant and enchanting—with fortress views, winding lanes, and a rich cultural rhythm that’s hard to resist.

🌟 Top Things to Do in Salzburg

1️⃣ Hohensalzburg Fortress

• One of Europe’s best-preserved medieval castles, perched high above the city
• Take the funicular or hike up for sweeping views
• Explore towers, armories, and eerie dungeons

2️⃣ Old Town (Altstadt)

• A UNESCO World Heritage Site filled with Baroque buildings, charming squares, and boutique-lined alleys
• Don’t miss Getreidegasse, a bustling shopping street with Mozart’s birthplace at No. 9
• Stop for a coffee in a historic café like Café Tomaselli

3️⃣ Mirabell Palace & Gardens

• Iconic filming location for The Sound of Music
• The gardens are perfect for a peaceful stroll or a picnic with palace views
• Pop into the Marble Hall—often used for classical concerts

4️⃣ Mozart’s Legacy

• Visit Mozart’s Birthplace and Mozart’s Residence for insight into his early life
• Enjoy a Mozart concert in a candlelit palace or at the fortress

5️⃣ Salzburg Cathedral & DomQuartier

• The majestic Salzburger Dom is the heart of the city’s religious life
• Explore the DomQuartier, a grand museum route through palaces, galleries, and cathedral terraces

🧀 What to Eat in Salzburg

• Kasnocken – Austrian-style cheesy dumplings with crispy onions
• Wiener Schnitzel – Classic veal (or pork) cutlet, perfectly golden
• Salzburger Nockerl – A fluffy baked dessert representing the city's snowy hills
• Sip a local Stiegl beer or warm up with a Glühwein in colder months

🎶 The Sound of Music Fans?

• Join a Sound of Music tour to visit film locations like Leopoldskron Palace, Nonnberg Abbey, and the gazebo from “Sixteen Going on Seventeen”
• Even if you’re not a fan, the scenery is worth it!

🏞️ Day Trips from Salzburg

• Hallstatt – Stunning lakeside village (2 hrs) with picture-perfect alpine views
• Eagle’s Nest (Kehlsteinhaus) – WWII site with panoramic mountain views
• Werfen Ice Caves – The largest ice cave system in the world
• Salzkammergut Lakes – Beautiful region of lakes and hills (perfect in summer)

🎯 Quick Tips

✅ Salzburg is compact and walkable—explore on foot
✅ Best time to visit: spring to early autumn, or December for magical Christmas markets
✅ Salzburg Card is worth it if you plan to visit several museums or use public transport
✅ Stay at least 2 nights to soak in both culture and scenery

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

What's changed

---

• Updated Fulcrum and added the new configuration parameter: zmq_allow_hashtx = true ~> diff reference, to subscribe to Bitcoind's transaction notifications, enabling real-time detection of mempool transactions.
• Updated Fulcrum and deleted unnecessary FulcrumAdmin commands after this comment. The changes were on Configuration ~> diff reference and systemd service configuration ~> diff reference.
• New Resources Launched and added on Homepage & Menus: Calendar (Launchpad) + Badge (requested by a DM to 2FakTor) < ~ REMOVE the "[]" symbols from the URLs (naddr/npub...) to access.
• Readded project tags on the Homepage.
• Readded Broadcast past events section on Nostr relay in Rust bonus guide with a new method.
• Modernize Ordisrespector guide by @Unhosted Marcellus < ~ REMOVE the "[]" symbols from the URL (npub...) to access | in PR #113.
• Updated Electrs and added the new configuration parameter: db_parallelism=4 to allow concurrent DB background operations.
• Added new FREE service: Hockeypuck OpenPGP Public Keyserver (soon will be a guide on MiniBolt to build it).
• Phrasing and formatting consistency on Wireguard VPN by @Singlebeam < ~ REMOVE the "[]" symbols from the URL (npub...) to access | in PR #109.
• Updated Bitcoin Core to the latest v28.1.
• Updated LND to the latest v0.18.5.
• Updated other services: NBXplorer + BTCPay Server + Cloudflared + Go; to the latest versions.
• Added new Remote access over Tor and Allow insecure WebSocket connections in Firefox-based browsers sections on Nostr relay in Rust guide and separated Cloudflare tunnel configuration in a dedicated extra section.
• Added a new Upgrade to major version section on PostgreSQL guide.
• Added a new Upgrade to major version section on Node + NPM guide.
• Added a "Uninstall Snap" (optional section) on Configuration. Although it is in the initial stages (1.4 Configuration), it can be applied anytime.
• Included some useful commands in the PostgreSQL guide.
• Added and separated Cloudflare tunnel configuration in a dedicated extra section on BTCPay Server and BTC RPC Explorer.
• Separated Wireguard VPN + Cloudflare tunnel + Tor services: bridges & relays to a new "Networking" category.
• Separated Login with SSH keys guide to a new and dedicated "Security" section.
• Added AssumeReachable=1 new parameter on obfs4 bridge config ~> diff reference.
• Added new items to the Bitcoin Core extra section to Accelerate the IBD and Improve the reliability.
• Completed the improvement of the official MiniBolt Linktr (FOSS version).
• Added a new section to the Nostr Relay in Rust bonus guide to create a Cloudflare exception that allows incoming connections from Tor.
• Other minor fixes and improvements.

---

~> If you have any questions, feel free to join one of our discussion groups on our 🌳Linktr page🌳

---

Enjoy it! 🖥🔄🍓

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

หรือต้นน้ำของปัญหาจะเป็น UPOV 1991?

เมื่อพูดถึงสิทธิในเมล็ดพันธุ์ หลายคนอาจนึกถึงแค่เรื่องเกษตรกรรมพื้นบ้านหรือพันธุ์พื้นเมืองที่ใช้สืบต่อกันมาในครอบครัว แต่ความจริงแล้ว ในโลกเบื้องลึกของการค้าระหว่างประเทศ มีข้อตกลงที่เปลี่ยน "เมล็ดพันธุ์" ให้กลายเป็น "ทรัพย์สินทางปัญญา" และอาจเปลี่ยนเกษตรกรให้กลายเป็นผู้ละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์โดยไม่รู้ตัว... นั่นคือ UPOV 1991

UPOV (ยูพอฟ) หรือ International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants คือองค์กรที่เริ่มต้นขึ้นในยุโรปตั้งแต่ปี 1961 โดยมีเจตนาดีในช่วงแรก คือคุ้มครองนักปรับปรุงพันธุ์พืช ให้มีแรงจูงใจในการพัฒนาสายพันธุ์ใหม่ๆ แต่เมื่อระบบทุนนิยมเข้ามาขับเคลื่อนกลไกเกษตรอุตสาหกรรม ข้อตกลงฉบับ UPOV 1991 จึงกลายร่างเป็นเครื่องมือที่ทรงพลังที่สุดในการผูกขาดพันธุกรรมของพืช

UPOV 1991 คือชื่อย่อของ อนุสัญญาสหภาพเพื่อคุ้มครองพันธุ์พืช ฉบับปี 1991 (International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants – 1991 Act) ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในกฎหมายระหว่างประเทศที่ทรงอิทธิพลที่สุดในโลกเรื่อง “สิทธิในเมล็ดพันธุ์” คล้ายกับลิขสิทธิ์สำหรับนักปรับปรุงพันธุ์พืช (Plant Breeders' Rights) และถือว่าเป็นเวอร์ชันที่ “โหดสุด” สำหรับเกษตรกรรายย่อยและประเทศกำลังพัฒนา โดยเฉพาะเมื่อเทียบกับฉบับเก่าอย่าง UPOV 1978

หนึ่งในบทบัญญัติที่อันตรายที่สุดของ UPOV 1991 คือการห้ามเกษตรกรเก็บเมล็ดพันธุ์ไว้ปลูกในฤดูกาลถัดไป (farm-saved seeds) โดยเฉพาะหากพันธุ์นั้นได้รับการจดทะเบียนในระบบของ UPOV แล้ว ซึ่งหมายความว่า แม้ชาวนาจะซื้อเมล็ดมาปลูกบนที่ดินของตัวเอง ดูแลด้วยสองมือจนได้ผลผลิต พอเก็บเมล็ดไว้ปลูกต่อปลูกซ้ำ กลับกลายเป็นว่าละเมิดสิทธิของเจ้าของพันธุ์เสียอย่างนั้นและโดนฟ้องได้

รวมถึงห้ามนำเมล็ดไปแลกเปลี่ยนหรือแจกจ่ายให้คนอื่น แม้แต่การแบ่งเมล็ดให้เพื่อนบ้าน ก็อาจถือว่าละเมิดสิทธิ์ของเจ้าของพันธุ์ได้

พูดง่ายๆคือ มันคือการเปลี่ยนเมล็ดพันธุ์ธรรมชาติ ให้กลายเป็นซอฟต์แวร์ ที่ต้องซื้อ license ใหม่ทุกปี

ไม่เพียงเท่านั้น UPOV 1991 ยังขยายขอบเขตการคุ้มครองไปถึง "พืชลูกหลาน" ที่สืบทอดลักษณะทางพันธุกรรมของพันธุ์ต้นแบบ แม้เกษตรกรจะเพาะปลูกและคัดเลือกสายพันธุ์ต่อยอดเอง แต่หากลักษณะสำคัญยังใกล้เคียงกับพันธุ์ดั้งเดิม ก็ยังถือว่าละเมิดอยู่ดี

นี่จึงเปิดทางให้บริษัทใหญ่ระดับโลก เช่น Monsanto (ปัจจุบันกลืนรวมกับ Bayer) มีสิทธิครอบครองสายพันธุ์พืชแบบเกือบเบ็ดเสร็จ และเรียกเก็บค่าลิขสิทธิ์จากเกษตรกรายปีได้

ลองจินตนาการดูว่า หากวันหนึ่งทุกผักในตลาด ไม่ว่าจะเป็นข้าว ข้าวโพด พริก มะเขือ หรือแม้แต่บรอกโคลี เป็นสายพันธุ์ที่ต้องจ่ายค่าลิขสิทธิ์ทุกปี เกษตรกรจะยังมีอิสระในการเพาะปลูกอยู่หรือไม่?

ประเทศไทยเอง แม้ยังไม่เข้าร่วม UPOV 1991 อย่างเป็นทางการ แต่ก็เผชิญแรงกดดันจากข้อตกลงการค้าเสรี (FTA) และกลุ่มทุนต่างชาติให้แก้ไขกฎหมายภายใน เช่น ร่าง พ.ร.บ.คุ้มครองพันธุ์พืช ที่เคยถูกวิจารณ์อย่างหนักว่าเลียนแบบ UPOV 1991 แทบทุกบรรทัด

ในขณะที่โลกกำลังพูดถึง "Seed Sovereignty" หรืออธิปไตยของเมล็ดพันธุ์ การรักษาสิทธิของเกษตรกรในการเก็บ แลกเปลี่ยน และปรับปรุงพันธุ์พืชโดยไม่ถูกผูกขาดด้วยระบบลิขสิทธิ์ UPOV 1991 กลับทำหน้าที่ตรงข้ามอย่างสิ้นเชิง

มันไม่ใช่แค่ข้อตกลงที่เขียนด้วยภาษากฎหมาย แต่มันคือกรงขังที่มองไม่เห็น ที่ล็อกเกษตรกรเอาไว้กับพันธุ์พืชที่พวกเขาไม่ได้เป็นเจ้าของ แม้จะปลูกมันเองกับมือก็ตาม

ทางออกเดียวอาจไม่ใช่แค่การไม่เข้าร่วม UPOV 1991 แต่คือการกลับมาสร้างระบบอาหารที่ยั่งยืนตั้งแต่เมล็ดพันธุ์ ระบบที่ให้สิทธิ์กับผู้ปลูกอย่างแท้จริง ไม่ใช่ระบบที่ให้อำนาจแค่กับผู้จดทะเบียน

แล้วอะไรจะเป็น right exit? #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ 147ac18e:ef1ca1ba

There’s no shortage of hype around AI. But beneath the buzzwords, Geoff Woods lays out something much more grounded—and frankly, more useful—on his recent appearance on The What Is Money Show. Geoff, who wrote The AI Driven Leader, isn’t here to pitch you a prompt template or a new tool. He’s here to talk about leadership, responsibility, and how to actually get value from AI.

His argument is simple: AI is no longer optional. It's a leadership imperative. And yet, despite nearly every executive claiming to believe in its future, less than 5% are doing anything meaningful with it. Geoff’s take? If you’re delegating AI to the tech team, you’re missing the point. This is about vision, strategy, and leading your people into a new era.

But here’s the rub: you don’t need to become an AI expert. You just need to become what Geoff calls an AI-driven leader—someone who knows how to spot valuable use cases, communicate clearly with AI, and stay in the driver’s seat as the thought leader. It’s not about handing off decisions to a machine. It’s about using the machine to sharpen your thinking.

To do that, Geoff leans on a framework he calls CRIT: Context, Role, Interview, Task. It’s dead simple and wildly effective.

CRIT Framework: Geoff’s Go-To Prompting System

Write every AI prompt using:

• Context – the background situation

• Role – what persona you want AI to take (e.g., CFO, board member, therapist)

• Interview – have AI ask you questions to pull deeper insights

• Task – what you want AI to do after collecting enough context

Give the AI rich context, assign it a role (board member, CFO, therapist—whatever you need), have it interview you to pull out what’s really going on in your head, and then define the task you want it to execute. That flip—getting the AI to interview you—is the difference between mediocre results and strategic breakthroughs.

He shared some standout examples:

• Using AI as a simulated board to test strategy decks and predict which slides will blow up in a real meeting.
• Having AI draft executive emails in a tone blend of your own voice, plus a dash of Simon Sinek and David Goggins.
• Creating AI-generated personas of your kids’ strengths to show them how to use tech to deepen—not replace—their humanity.

That last point matters. Geoff’s raising his own kids to be AI-native, but not tech-addicted. His daughter used AI to explore business ideas. His son used it to work through emotional challenges. In both cases, the tool was secondary. The focus was helping them grow into more aware, capable versions of themselves.

He’s honest about AI’s limitations too. It hallucinates. It’s bad at math. It can’t replace deep human judgment. But if you use it right—if you treat it like a thought partner instead of a magic 8-ball—it becomes an amplifier.

Geoff’s challenge to all of us is to stop anchoring our identity to who we’ve been, and start leaning into who we could become. Whether you’re running a company, managing a classroom, or figuring out your next move, the opportunity is the same: use AI to 10x the things that make you most human.

And it all starts with one sticky note: How can AI help me do this?

If you’re interested in diving deeper, check out aileadership.com or pick up his book The AI Driven Leader. But more importantly, start experimenting. Get your reps in. Think bigger.

Because a year from now, the version of you that’s already doing this work? They’re going to be very hard to compete with.

@ c066aac5:6a41a034

“If a man is considered guilty
For what goes on in his mind
Then give me the electric chair
For all my future crimes”

-Electric Chair by Prince

The very last paragraph of Touré’s 2013 biography of Prince I Would Die 4 U: Why Prince Became an Icon made a very bold claim about the lewd nature of Prince’s music:

“Imagine America as one house on a suburban lane… Prince knocked on America’s door through his music. He came to the door holding a guitar and an umbrella while concealing a Bible. He flirted his way inside the door and told us he had a dirty mind and was controversial, and then he sat down in the living room on the good couch. And, when America’s guard was down, because we thought we were having a conversation about sex, Prince eased out his Bible and said, let me also tell you about my Lord and savior, Jesus Christ.”

Wow. Talk about a Sixth Sense level plot twist! I will say if you’re well versed in Prince’s catalog (I listened to every Prince album released [except for The Black Album because Jack Dorsey is holding it hostage on Tidal] last year) it won’t be as shocking as a surprise as it would be to the unversed listener, but surprising nonetheless considering the content of the man’s lyrics (and life).

Regardless of whether or not Prince achieved this goal of bringing people to Christ via a vehicle of sexy shock value, he was a person of impact. The book by Touré I mentioned earlier is a great picture of the life he lived, and I’m sure there are many others that people can recommend in the comments. He touched many lives and I believe his music will still be listened to for many years to come.

Prince’s method of evangelism may have been unconventional (to say the least), but I still think there is something to be learned from his efforts.

Obviously, worshiping sex or encouraging lust isn’t great. Prince’s view of sex was broken; they didn’t line up with Biblically ordered sex (see his songs Sister, Darling Nikki, Sexy M.F., and many many more). His inability to sustain healthy relationships or make meaningful lasting connections with those around him are a testament to that.

Despite his flaws, his art captured an entire generation - and continues to capture the attention of people seeking true art. His authenticity, raw emotion, and intentionality made for true connection between his music and his listeners. He resonated with people’s souls, and still does today. Perhaps Touré was wrong and Prince didn’t mean to evangelize through his music, but don’t all people stand testament to the powerful work of God?

We are all broken people. Our job is to the use the tools and resources set before us to spread the Gospel. “…we have this treasure in clay jars, so that it may be made clear that this extraordinary power belongs to God and does not come from us.” -2 Corinthians 4:7

The Western Church should consider using the seemingly profane, off limits, unconventional, or even just plain weird in an effort to continue to spread the gospel. On a high level, that’s our good-christian dinner table no-gos: Sex, Money, and Politics. I believe that the Church’s abdication of such conversations is the reason why those are areas of failure for the Church at large. We shouldn’t sin or condone/promote sin. Instead, I’m proposing that like how Prince used sex in his music to get people to learn about Jesus, Christian Bitcoiners should use money (Bitcoin) to do good works and lead people to Jesus in the process. We may just make the world a better place along the way.

“If you're sick of cryin' and tired of tears
Then close your eyes and open your ears
Listen to the music, listen to the song
Listen to your heart, is that so wrong?
Stop lookin' in the mirror, there's nothin' to fear
Your salvation is near
1,000 light years away from here”

-1,000 Light Years From Here by Prince

It doesn’t take a lot of mental effort to see how Christian’s could leverage Bitcoin’s magic for kingdom work. Look Alex Gladstein’s writings. Look at the work that Gridless is doing in Africa. Look at Roya Mahboob’s impact in Afghanistan. Look at the impact of Bitcoin Beach in El Salvador.

Now imagine what the Church (and by the Church, I mean you and I the Christian Bitcoiners) could do with Bitcoin:

A Christian Bitcoiner could help the woman with an abusive husband escape a bad situation with finances intact by teaching her how to use Bitcoin and keep self-custody wallet. An orange-pilled youth group leader could teach the inner city kid in a bad household how to set up a wallet and stack sats without the permission of the dead beat parents or conventional employment. The church bake sale could make things easy via accepting lightning payments, bringing in outsiders for sweet treats and teaching them about how to be a Bitcoin merchant. A church could send funds to a missionary across the world in a christian adverse country instantly without having to involve a single bank, and that missionary would have those funds same-day ready for deployment.

“Everybody's looking for the ladder
Everybody wants salvation of the soul
The steps you take are no easy road
But the reward is great
For those who want to go”

-The Ladder by Prince

In my own attempts to teach people about the virtues of Bitcoin, I find it usually clicks for people in one of two different ways for the most part:

The first way it clicks is when they can receive and send a lightning payment. The instant funds make a light bulb go off.

The second way is when I show them the humanitarian impact that Bitcoin has had and is counting to have. The use of Bitcoin internationally as a means of humanitarian aid/sovereignty for the less fortunate should shut down any questions like “But what about (insert crapcoin)?” in an instant.

Much like how people get Bitcoin once they see it in action, I believe people will get Jesus when they see Jesus’ Church in action. One of the best ways today the Church can display that action may be through Bitcoin.

Sex was Prince’s trojan horse for something much deeper that he wanted to convey to people. Bitcoin can be the trojan horse for the Church. The Church could gain attention for what they’re doing with Bitcoin similar to the attention that the Human Rights Foundation gets. One might ask why use a trojan horse? I think that Bitcoin adoption itself has been a bit of a trojan horse movement. Your local politicians didn’t bat an eye when they heard about a peer-to-peer e-cash system, but they were all over it when it was presented as a digital gold. Michael Saylor has garnered a lot of hate from the Bitcoin true-believers for presenting Bitcoin as a digital gold as opposed to a currency, but I believe he knows what he’s doing and he’s presenting in this manner on purpose. He might not get gratitude for it from the community, but I believe he’s willing to be the bad guy in order to further the mission (see Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Night [which is arguably a Jesus story]).

Christian Bitcoiner, I challenge you to channel your enthusiasm to do good in your neighborhood. Let the world see your actions and gain a curiosity for what you’re doing. The Bitcoin conversation will make many people think that you’re crazy, that you’re an idiot when it comes to investing, that you’re selling a scam. Much like how people wrote off Prince for being a vulgar musician. Much like how people write off Michael Saylor for misunderstanding Bitcoin. Much like how people wrote off (and continue to write off) Jesus for being a false prophet or the leader of a rebellion.

But there will be someone who sees the work that you do with Bitcoin. The work that the Church will do with Bitcoin. Even if just one soul is saved with Bitcoin, that’s worth the effort.

“Black day, stormy night No love, no hope in sight Don't cry, He is coming Don't die without knowing the cross” -The Cross by Prince

This article was written with help from my wife Elaina freedom@happytavern.co

Feel free to drop your favorite book about Prince, favorite Prince song, or favorite Prince album in the comments

Or, you can drop your favorite Bitcoin as a trojan horse story in the comments

@ 4925ea33:025410d8

Quando peguei Confissões de Santo Agostinho pela primeira vez, confesso que me senti perdida. As palavras pareciam densas, distantes, como se eu tentasse escalar uma montanha sem saber por onde começar.

Buscava apenas a história de sua conversão ao cristianismo, mas o que encontrei uma profundidade teológica e filosófica que naquele momento não conseguia alcançar. Frustrada, deixei de lado a leitura.

Hoje, com um amadurecimento interior maior e contando com o auxílio da Inteligência Artificial como ferramenta de estudo e reflexão, reencontrei essa obra com um novo olhar. Sem pressa, busquei agora mergulhar na essência de cada página, tentando captar o máximo do pensamento de Agostinho — não apenas como filósofo, mas como homem profundamente transformado pela fé.

Antes da leitura: como começar

Se você nunca leu Confissões, ou se, como eu, já tentou e parou, quero te convidar a olhar para este livro com novos olhos.

Imagine Santo Agostinho sentado diante de você, não como um doutor da Igreja, mas como um amigo que abre o coração em oração. Ele escreve no final do século IV, já imerso na fé cristã, mas com a humildade de quem sabe que nunca compreenderá plenamente o mistério de Deus. Suas palavras são um diálogo íntimo com o Criador, uma oração que pulsa com fé, dúvida e amor.

E é nesse espírito que você deve lê a obra que o guiará em quatro grandes reflexões no primeiro capítulo:

• Quem é Deus?
• Quem somos nós?
• Qual é a nossa missão?
• E como conhecê-Lo?

Quem é Deus?

Agostinho começa com uma exclamação que ecoa até hoje:

“Grande és, Senhor, e infinitamente digno de Louvor!”.

Ele tenta descrever Deus, mas logo percebe que nenhuma palavra é suficiente.

Deus é imenso, incomensurável, eterno. É como se Agostinho, com os olhos da fé, tentasse abarcar o infinito com mãos humanas – e nos convidasse a fazer o mesmo.

Para ele, Deus está tão acima de nós que nossa mente limitada jamais poderia julgá-lo ou defini-lo. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, esse Deus grandioso se revela e nos escuta. Não é inacreditável pensar que o Criador de tudo deseja estar perto de nós, criaturas tão pequenas como nós?

Mergulhando neste profundo pensamento, vejo o quanto somos pretensiosos ao querer entender as escolhas de Deus e os acontecimentos da Bíblia, como se pudéssemos ter a ótica de Deus.

Muitas vezes não temos consciência dos tão pequenos somos em comparação ao Criador, tal ato é incoerente com tamanha distância.

Quem somos nós?

Se Deus é infinito, Agostinho nos lembra que somos apenas uma “ínfima fração” de Sua criação. Marcados pelo pecado original, carregamos em nós a fragilidade, mas também uma chama divina: a sede de Deus.

Ele escreve que, mesmo sem saber, nosso coração anseia por louvar o Criador. Não é fascinante? Pense nas tantas culturas e povos que, ao longo da história, buscaram um sentido maior, um “algo” além de si mesmos.

Para Agostinho, essa busca não nasce de nós, mas é um presente de Deus, que coloca em nosso coração o desejo de encontrá-lo. Essa ideia me tocou profundamente.

Quantas vezes nos sentimos inquietos, procurando algo que nem sabemos nomear? Agostinho nos diz que essa inquietude é, na verdade, o chamado de Deus, nos puxando para Ele.

Qual é a missão da humanidade?

“Tu nos fizeste para Ti, Senhor, e nosso coração está inquieto enquanto não repousa em Ti.”

Essa frase, uma das mais famosas de Confissões, resume a missão que Agostinho enxerga para nós: viver para Deus, amá-lo com todo o nosso ser.

Mas ele nos alerta: esse amor não é uma corrente que nos prende, mas uma escolha livre. É um relacionamento íntimo, único, que não deve ser imposto aos outros. Aqui, Agostinho me fez refletir sobre como compartilho minha fé.

Falar do amor de Deus é importante, mas nunca deve ser uma arma para julgar ou condenar. Afinal, só Deus conhece o coração de cada um.

Nossa missão é amar e testemunhar, deixando que o Espírito Santo faça o resto.

Conhecer ou invocar: o que vem primeiro?

Por fim, Agostinho se depara com um dilema que talvez você já tenha sentido: como posso invocar a Deus se ainda não o conheço? E como posso conhecê-lo se não o invocar?

A Igreja Católica reconhece que, para orar, precisamos de uma revelação divina – foi Deus quem primeiro veio até nós, mostrando-se através da criação, das Escrituras e, acima de tudo, de Jesus Cristo. Mas Agostinho também destaca o papel de quem nos apresenta a Boa Nova.

Na vida dele, foi Santo Ambrósio quem o guiou; na nossa, pode ser um padre, um amigo, uma comunidade. Essa reflexão me lembrou da importância da Igreja e dos irmãos de fé. Sozinhos, podemos nos perder em dúvidas ou confusões. Mas, com a ajuda de quem já trilhou o caminho, nossa oração ganha força e direção.

Fica aqui um convite à essa jornada para ler o primeiro capítulo de Confissões que é como abrir uma porta para dentro de si mesmo. Santo Agostinho não oferece respostas prontas, mas perguntas que nos aproximam de Deus: Quem Ele é para você? O que te impede de repousar n’Ele? Como você responde ao Seu chamado?

Se você quer mergulhar nessa obra, minha dica é: leia com o espírito de Santo Agostinho, ou seja, em oração e clemência para que as palavras atinjam a alma e as portas da clareza e compreensão sejam abertas.

Deixe que as palavras de Agostinho te guiem, não para entender tudo de uma vez, mas para sentir a presença de Deus um pouco mais perto e tenha paciência as vezes ainda não é o momento de ler.

E você, já leu Confissões? Como a história de Agostinho te inspira na sua fé? Conta aqui nos comentários – vamos caminhar juntos nessa jornada!

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Puerto de Mogán is a postcard-perfect fishing village and marina on the southwest coast of Gran Canaria. With its canals, whitewashed buildings, and bougainvillea-covered balconies, it’s often called the island’s “Little Venice.” Add golden beaches, laid-back vibes, and a touch of luxury, and you've got one of the most charming spots on the island.

🌟 Things to Do in Puerto de Mogán

1️⃣ Stroll the Marina & Canals

• Wander the narrow lanes, stone bridges, and colorful floral walkways
• The marina is filled with yachts, cute cafés, and ice cream spots
• Don’t miss the fishermen’s quarter for a glimpse of local life

2️⃣ Relax on the Beach

• The small, calm beach is perfect for swimming or sunbathing
• Family-friendly, with soft sand and crystal-clear water
• Lined with restaurants and chill beach bars

3️⃣ Visit the Friday Market

• One of the biggest markets on the island
• Browse for local produce, souvenirs, clothes, and crafts
• The whole town buzzes with music and energy on market day

4️⃣ Climb for the View

• Head uphill behind the town for panoramic views over the marina and ocean
• Especially beautiful at sunset 🌅

5️⃣ Take a Boat Trip

• Explore the coast by catamaran or glass-bottom boat
• Dolphin-watching tours are popular, or boat taxis to nearby beaches like Puerto Rico

---

🍴 What to Eat

• Fresh seafood is a must—try grilled fish, octopus, or seafood paella
• Pair with local mojo sauces and a cold tropical beer or sangria
• For dessert, look for Bienmesabe (a sweet almond-based Canarian treat)

🎯 Travel Tips

✅ Puerto de Mogán is easy to reach by car or bus from other parts of the island
✅ It’s quieter than Playa del Inglés or Maspalomas, ideal for relaxing
✅ Stay overnight if you can—it’s magical when the crowds thin in the evening
✅ Great spot for couples, families, and anyone who loves beauty + calm

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Bratislava, Slovakia’s capital, may be small, but it packs a big personality. Perched on the banks of the Danube River, this medieval-meets-modern city blends cobbled old town charm with cool cafes, riverside strolls, quirky statues, and a hilltop castle overlooking it all. Whether you’re visiting on a day trip from Vienna or staying longer, Bratislava is laid-back, walkable, and full of surprises.

🌟 Highlights in Bratislava

1️⃣ Bratislava Castle

• Perched above the city with panoramic views of the Danube and Austria
• Home to the Slovak National Museum and historical exhibitions
• Great spot to catch the sunset or a breezy walk

2️⃣ Old Town (Staré Mesto)

• A maze of colorful baroque buildings, cozy courtyards, and lively cafés
• Landmarks include Michael’s Gate, Main Square, and the Old Town Hall
• Don’t miss quirky statues like Čumil, the sewer worker peeking out of a manhole

3️⃣ St. Martin’s Cathedral

• Once the coronation church of Hungarian kings
• Gothic vibes, beautiful interior, and right beneath the castle walls

4️⃣ UFO Observation Deck

• On the Most SNP (New Bridge), shaped like a flying saucer
• 360° views from 95m up—and there's even a rooftop restaurant/bar

5️⃣ Blue Church (Church of St. Elizabeth)

• One of Bratislava’s most photogenic spots—sky blue and whimsical
• Like something out of a fairytale, tucked in a quiet corner of town

🍽️ What to Eat in Bratislava

• Bryndzové halušky – Potato dumplings with sheep cheese and crispy bacon
• Kapustnica – Tangy sauerkraut soup with sausage
• Lokše – Potato pancakes filled with duck, cabbage, or sweet fillings
• Kofola – Slovakia’s cola alternative, with a herbal twist
• Try a glass of Slovak wine or Tatratea liqueur (strong stuff!)

🌿 Day Trips from Bratislava

• Devin Castle – Dramatic ruins on a cliff above the Danube (20 min by bus or boat)
• Small Carpathians wine region – Visit towns like Modra or Pezinok for tastings
• Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum – Contemporary art on a peninsula in the river
• Vienna – Just an hour away by train, boat, or even bike along the Danube path

🎯 Quick Tips

✅ Bratislava is very walkable—you can see most highlights in a day
✅ Euros are the currency (not all places accept cards)
✅ Best times to visit: spring to early autumn for river views and café culture
✅ Take it slow—the city’s charm is in the atmosphere

@ 592295cf:413a0db9

Nostur is capable of login with bunker

Photo, note by Fabian

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqkfzjh8jkzd8l9247sadku6vhm52snhgjtknlyeku6sfkeqn5rdeqyf8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnvw5hxkef0qyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnddakj7qpqxfktwlm2qdkpxy556e4yg4l8p6v8930nfyzg7p3vsknk7krutz0s8znjtq

---

When you decide to share an app you have to know a lot about that app. For example the nstart feature that you can share your friends, has a "smart pack" and the app can onboard, at least following the link --> Apps-integration

So let's try to read and bring a bit to the summary of the thing. Only the one about the profiles, which you don't know exactly how it will end, you have to try it before sending to someone. the second point is that it says that there is no "support encryption, so it cannot be used for DMs apps".

there was an update of nstart, now it shows you

the names of the bunkers, maybe now it's too much, decide if it does 3/2 4/2 or just automatic.

So they talked about frost in the hodlbod podcast. I didn't understand much except that they said to test frost and report the feedback. Tomorrow I'll try to download igloo and frost+nos2ex

So I have to wait for let's say version 0_1_0 of igloo now it is (0_0_4) and

maybe there will be the version of the extension ready.

Sebastix also found it difficult but I think he was trying to install the server, which didn't even occur to me. Anyway I leave you the note if you want to go deeper...

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qytkummnw3ez66tyvgaz7tmrv93ksefdwfjkccteqqs2wzkkx220e24revkpxmdzkqj73rnz0reeenjwgy53g36hlkdgurgrs5e62

Let's see if I can download the video. ok Downloaded. Video .mov

If you don't want to watch I'll leave a little description

1 Download and install igloo, from the frost page. 2 Create a new key set, you can generate or copy an existing key. 3. Choose the options for the key and now they become multiple keys 4. Created a group of credentials. 5. Save the two credentials with a password and bring the third into the browser extension that it creates from the repository, it says that there will be a bootable extension for chrome. 6. Copy the third key and the group package key into the application node. 7. Once you have entered these keys you can finish the operation (and you have backed up the other two) in igloo. 8. When it goes forward it finds itself with two keys, both encrypted with passwords. 9. Since it is a three of two, it just needs to activate a key in igloo and it starts communicating "startsigner". 10. Opens a nostr client and connects with frost2sx and writes a note 11. Shows the log, and says that if you enter two keys it can generate a third, invalidating the old one (I assume)

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

มูลนิธิร็อกกี้เฟลเลอร์ (Rockefeller Foundation) ก่อตั้งขึ้นในปี ค.ศ. 1913 โดยตระกูลร็อกกี้เฟลเลอร์ ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในตระกูลที่มีอิทธิพลทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของสหรัฐอเมริกา จุดมุ่งหมายหลักของมูลนิธิคือการส่งเสริมสุขภาพ การศึกษา และความเป็นอยู่ที่ดีของมนุษยชาติทั่วโลก

บทบาทของมูลนิธิร็อกกี้เฟลเลอร์ในประเทศไทยนั้น สำหรับกรุงเทพฯแล้ว เป็นศูนย์ใหญ่ประจำภาคเอเชีย มูลนิธิร็อกกี้เฟลเลอร์ได้เข้ามามีบทบาทสำคัญในการพัฒนาระบบสาธารณสุขของประเทศไทย โดยเฉพาะในด้านการศึกษาและการวิจัยทางการแพทย์ มูลนิธิได้ให้การสนับสนุนทั้งทางด้านการเงินและวิชาการแก่สถาบันการแพทย์ต่าง ๆ รวมถึงการส่งเสริมการศึกษาของบุคลากรทางการแพทย์ไทยในต่างประเทศ พูดง่ายๆคือ ช่วยรัฐบาไทยจัดตั้ง "สาธารณสุขแห่งแรก" ในประเทศไทย เมื่อ พ.ศ. 2457 แสดงถึงความสัมพันธ์ลึกซึ้งกับสาธารณสุขอเมริกาเป็นอย่างดี

แม้ว่าการสนับสนุนของมูลนิธิร็อกกี้เฟลเลอร์จะช่วยยกระดับระบบสาธารณสุขของไทยอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ แต่ก็มีข้อถกเถียงเกี่ยวกับอิทธิพลของมูลนิธิต่อทิศทางการพัฒนาทางการแพทย์ของประเทศ บางฝ่ายมองว่าการพึ่งพาทุนและแนวคิดจากต่างประเทศอาจทำให้ประเทศไทยสูญเสียความเป็นอิสระในการกำหนดนโยบายด้านสาธารณสุข เพราะมีคำกล่าวหาว่า มูลนิธิ มีเบื้องหลังที่สามารถควบคุมกิจกรรมต่างๆเกี่ยวกับสาธารณสุขในเมืองไทยได้ (โอเค ซึ่งนั่นก็เป็นข้อถกเถียง)

นอกจากนี้มูลนิธิ ยังมีการร่วมทุนในด้าน "อาหาร" ในเมืองไทยด้วย

ในช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2512-2513 (ค.ศ. 1969-1970) มูลนิธิร็อกกี้เฟลเลอร์ (Rockefeller Foundation) ได้ร่วมลงทุนกับเครือเจริญโภคภัณฑ์ (CP) ในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ โดยเฉพาะในประเทศไทย ความร่วมมือนี้เกี่ยวข้องกับการพัฒนาอุตสาหกรรมการเลี้ยงไก่เนื้อ ซึ่งเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการส่งเสริมการเกษตรและอาหารในภูมิภาค นั่นทำให้เทคโนโลยีการเลี้ยงสัตว์ของซีพีรุดหน้าอย่างเร็วมาก พันธุ์กุ้งขาวจากอเมริกา และ ไก่เนื้อที่จากเดิมต้องเลี้ยง 6 เดือน แต่ก็สามารถทำให้เหลือเวลาแค่ 8สัปดาห์ก็ได้กิโลครึ่งแล้ว

นอกจากนี้ยังร่วมทุนกับ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ หนึ่งในโครงการที่โดดเด่นคือการสนับสนุน "ไร่สุวรรณ" หรือ Suwan Farm​

ไร่สุวรรณ ตั้งอยู่ที่อำเภอปากช่อง จังหวัดนครราชสีมา เป็นศูนย์วิจัยข้าวโพดและข้าวฟ่างที่สำคัญของประเทศไทย เดิมทีพื้นที่นี้เป็นของจอมพลสฤษดิ์ ธนะรัชต์ และต่อมาได้โอนให้มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ดูแล มูลนิธิร็อกกี้เฟลเลอร์ได้ให้การสนับสนุนด้านทุนและความรู้ในการปรับปรุงพันธุ์ข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์ จนทำให้ไร่สุวรรณกลายเป็นแหล่งวิจัยข้าวโพดเลี้ยงสัตว์ที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในเอเชีย นักวิจัยที่ไร่สุวรรณได้พัฒนาพันธุ์ข้าวโพดที่ทนทานต่อโรคราน้ำค้าง ซึ่งเป็นปัญหาสำคัญในช่วงเวลานั้น

นั่นละครับ 5555

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers!

Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!

A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

So stay a while and listen.

🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨

🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/942018

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Venice is like nowhere else on Earth. A city built on water, where gondolas glide through silent canals and palaces shimmer in the light of the lagoon. It’s romantic, surreal, and endlessly photogenic—from the grandeur of St. Mark’s Square to the quiet charm of back-alley bridges. Whether you're there for the art, the architecture, or the atmosphere, Venice is pure magic.

🌟 Must-See in Venice

1️⃣ St. Mark’s Basilica (Basilica di San Marco)

• A glittering masterpiece of Byzantine architecture
• Don’t miss the Pala d’Oro and mosaics inside
• Climb to the rooftop terrace for views over Piazza San Marco

2️⃣ Doge’s Palace (Palazzo Ducale)

• The seat of Venetian power for centuries
• Walk across the Bridge of Sighs to the old prison
• Book a "Secret Itineraries" tour to explore hidden passages

3️⃣ Grand Canal & Vaporetto Ride

• Take a vaporetto (water bus) from Piazzale Roma to San Marco
• You'll pass Rialto Bridge, palazzos, and everyday life along the water
• For extra magic, do it at sunset

4️⃣ Rialto Market & Bridge

• The city’s oldest bridge, buzzing with life
• Stop by the Rialto Market in the morning for local seafood and produce
• Great area to grab a spritz and people-watch

5️⃣ Gondola Ride or Rowboat Tour

• Yes, it’s touristy—but it’s iconic for a reason
• For a local spin, try a traghetto across the canal, or book a rowboat tour at sunset

🖼️ Art & Culture

• Gallerie dell’Accademia – Home to masterpieces by Titian, Veronese, and Tintoretto
• Peggy Guggenheim Collection – Modern art in a stunning canal-side setting
• Teatro La Fenice – Venice’s grand opera house, steeped in drama and beauty

🍝 What to Eat in Venice

• Cicchetti – Venetian tapas: try bacalà mantecato, crostini with seafood, or mini meatballs
• Sarde in saor – Sweet-and-sour marinated sardines
• Risotto al nero di seppia – Squid ink risotto
• Wash it down with a Venetian spritz (try one with Select or Cynar)

🌿 Day Trips from Venice

• Murano – Famous for glassblowing
• Burano – Bright, colorful houses and handmade lace
• Torcello – Quiet island with ancient churches and lagoon views
• Lido – Beachy escape from the city crowds

🎯 Venice Tips

✅ Get lost—it’s part of the charm (but download offline maps just in case)
✅ Visit early morning or late evening to feel the magic without the crowds
✅ Stay overnight if you can—Venice empties after the cruise ships leave
✅ Don’t feed the pigeons in St. Mark’s Square—it’s actually banned
✅ Look for "ombra" (local wine) and a plate of cicchetti at a traditional bacaro bar

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

หากเดินเข้าแผนกผักในซูเปอร์มาร์เก็ต แล้วเกิดความรู้สึกว่า “บรอกโคลี” กับ “กระหล่ำดอก” หน้าตามันเหมือนกันยังกับแฝดที่คนหนึ่งเป็นเด็กเรียนเก่ง อีกคนเป็นศิลปิน ก็ไม่ต้องแปลกใจ เพราะจริง ๆ แล้วพวกเขาเป็นญาติสายตรงกันเลยล่ะครับ ชนิดที่ว่าเกิดจากต้นตระกูลเดียวกันเป๊ะ ๆ และไม่ได้เกิดจากการหล่นลงมาของเมล็ดพืชจากฟากฟ้าหรือจากการปลุกเสกของเทพธิดาในตำนานไหนทั้งนั้น แต่เกิดจากมือมนุษย์เราเองล้วน ๆครับ

ต้นกำเนิดของพืชทั้งสองนั้นย้อนกลับไปไกลถึง “Brassica oleracea” ซึ่งเป็นพืชผักพื้นฐานริมทะเลเมดิเตอร์เรเนียน หน้าตาเมื่อแรกพบก็ไม่ได้หรูหราเหมือนลูกหลานยุคนี้ มันเป็นแค่พืชใบเขียวธรรมดา ๆ ที่ชาวโรมันโบราณเดินผ่านไม่เหลียวหลัง

แต่เมื่อเวลาผ่านไป มนุษย์เริ่มรู้จักการ “คัดเลือกพันธุ์” (selective breeding) คือการเลือกปลูกต้นที่มีลักษณะที่ต้องการ แล้วขยายพันธุ์เฉพาะต้นนั้นต่อไป รุ่นแล้วรุ่นเล่า เหมือนการเลือกเพาะลูกหมาที่ฉลาดและขนฟู จนในที่สุดก็ได้สายพันธุ์ใหม่ ๆ ขึ้นมา

เช่นในกรณีต้นไม้ต้นนึง ถ้าชาวสวนคนหนึ่งชอบต้นที่มี “ตาดอก” ใหญ่หน่อย ก็จะปลูกมันต่อ ส่วนอีกคนชอบใบที่แน่น ๆ ก็เลือกปลูกต้นแบบนั้นต่อ แล้วสิ่งที่ตามมาก็คือความเลยเถิดของความหลากหลายอย่างไม่น่าเชื่อ เช่น • ถ้าเน้นปลูกส่วนใบได้ คะน้า • ถ้าเน้นปลูกส่วนตาดอกได้ กระหล่ำดอก • ถ้าตาดอกสีเขียวแน่น ๆได้ บรอกโคลี • ถ้าเน้นลำต้นบวม ๆได้ กะหล่ำหัว • ถ้าดอกออกแปลก ๆ คล้ายปะการังได้ โรมานีสโก (Romanesco)

แต่ทุกชนิดที่ว่ามานั้น…เป็น “สายพันธุ์ย่อย” ของพืชชนิดเดียวกัน คือ Brassica oleracea ทั้งหมด!

พูดให้เข้าใจง่ายคือบรอกโคลีไม่ได้มาจากพระเจ้า แต่มาจาก “การขยี้ย้ำในลักษณะ จนเป็นการเล่นแร่แปรพันธุ์ของเกษตรกรในยุคโรมัน” ที่ทำกันจริงจังจนกลายเป็นผักจานหลักบนโต๊ะอาหารเราทุกวันนี้

สิ่งที่น่าสนใจอีกคือ บรอกโคลีกับกระหล่ำดอกยังคงกลิ่นกายทางพันธุกรรมเดียวกันอยู่ แม้หน้าตาจะต่าง แต่ DNA ก็คล้ายกันมาก พอ ๆ กับพี่น้องที่ชอบกินของไม่เหมือนกัน แต่มาจากบ้านเดียวกัน

จริง ๆ แล้วพืชตระกูล Brassica พวกนี้แหละ ที่มีสารสำคัญชื่อ Glucosinolate เป็นเหมือนกับนักเคมีของพืช ที่มีสูตรลับไว้ป้องกันตัวเองจากแมลง กลูโคซิโนเลตบางชนิด (เช่น goitrin) อาจรบกวนการดูดซึมไอโอดีน ส่งผลต่อการทำงานของต่อมไทรอยด์ เลยเรียกสิ่งนี้ว่า เป็น anti-nutrient ที่เราเคยได้ยินกันครับ

ถึงตรงนี้ ใครที่ชอบกินผักเหล่านี้ก็น่าจะรู้สึกภูมิใจว่ากำลังกิน “ผลผลิตจากภูมิปัญญามนุษย์” ที่ไม่แพ้การสร้างปิรามิดหรือเครื่องจักรไอน้ำเลย เพราะการคัดเลือกพันธุ์อย่างละเอียดอ่อน ต้องใช้เวลาการย้ำปลูกเป็นร้อยปี และไม่ได้ใช้วิทยาศาสตร์ล้ำยุคอะไรเลย แค่ใช้ใจและมือเปล่าของชาวสวนรุ่นแล้วรุ่นเล่า

สรุปแล้ว บรอกโคลีและกระหล่ำดอก ไม่ใช่ของจากสวรรค์ แต่เป็นของจาก “ความพยายาม” ที่ยิ่งใหญ่พอ ๆ กับการสร้างอารยธรรม พระเจ้าอาจไม่ได้สร้างมัน…แต่มนุษย์เราก็เก่งพอที่จะเป็น “พระเจ้าแห่งผัก” อยู่เหมือนกันนะครับ 555

pirateketo #โรงบ่มสุขภาพ #HealthyHut #ตำรับเอ๋ #siripun

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

มีคนเทียบสัดส่วน โอเมก้า 6:3 ของน้ำมันคาโนล่า แล้วบอกว่าดีงาม เพราะมันได้ที่ 2:1

คืองี้ครับ มันเป็นประเด็นที่หลายคนยังเข้าใจคลาดเคลื่อนอยู่ไม่น้อยโดยเฉพาะเวลาเห็นว่าน้ำมันคาโนล่ามีโอเมก้า 3 ต่อ 6 ในอัตราส่วน 1:2 แล้วรีบบอกว่า “ดีต่อสุขภาพ” หรือ “บาลานซ์ดี” โดยไม่มองลงลึกไปถึง ชนิดของโอเมก้า 3 และ ชีวปริมาณการดูดซึม (bioavailability) ที่ต่างกันระหว่างโอเมก้า 3 จากพืช กับจากสัตว์

มันคือมายาทางตัวเลข ที่ superfood ชอบนำมาโชว์ให้เราดู ในน้ำมันคาโนล่า โอเมก้า 3 ที่พบจะอยู่ในรูปแบบ ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid) ซึ่งเป็นกรดไขมันโอเมก้า 3 ที่ ร่างกายไม่สามารถใช้ได้โดยตรง ต้องแปลงเป็น EPA และ DHA ก่อน ถึงจะมีผลต่อสมอง หลอดเลือด และระบบต้านการอักเสบ

ปัญหาคือ ร่างกายมนุษย์แปลง ALA ไปเป็น EPA ได้แค่ประมาณ 5-10% และแปลงต่อเป็น DHA ได้แค่ 0.5-5% เท่านั้น

ถ้าเรากิน ALA จากคาโนล่าออย 1,000 มิลลิกรัม เราอาจจะได้ DHA จริงๆ แค่ ไม่ถึง 50 มิลลิกรัม ซึ่งน้อยมากจนไม่เพียงพอต่อการบำรุงสมองหรือป้องกันโรคอักเสบเรื้อรังใดๆ

ประเด็นสำคัญการเกิด oxidation ของ ALA ในระหว่างการทอด เพราะ ALA เป็นกรดไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวแบบมีพันธะสาม (polyunsaturated) ที่ ไวต่อความร้อนและแสงมาก พอเจอความร้อนสูงในกระบวนการทอดหรือแม้แต่แค่โดนแสงขณะเก็บไว้ มันจะกลายเป็นสารอนุมูลอิสระที่ชื่อว่า lipid peroxide ซึ่งเป็นอันตรายต่อเซลล์และอาจเพิ่มความเสี่ยงของโรค NCD

ดังนั้น อย่างที่บอกบ่อยๆครับ จะเอาวิจัยจะอ่านวิจัยมาใช้ โปรดมองบริบทการ "ใช้ชีวิต" ด้วยครับ ค่าโอเมก้า 3:6 ของน้ำมันคาโนล่าอาจดู “สมดุล” แค่ในกระดาษ แต่ความจริงคือ มันเป็นโอเมก้า 3 แบบพืช (ALA) ที่ร่างกายใช้ได้น้อยมาก

“โอเมก้า 3 จากพืช ก็เหมือนแบงก์กาโม่ที่ต้องไปแลกที่ธนาคารก่อนถึงจะใช้ได้ ส่วนโอเมก้า 3 จากสัตว์น่ะ คือ บิทคอยน์ ที่เป็นของจริง”

https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1BwpmKdJtN/

ปล. Dr Brian Kunakom บอกว่า แค่ชื่อน้ำมันคาโนลาก็แปรรูปแล้ว!! ต้นคาโนลาไม่มีจริง มันถูกดัดแปลงมาจากผักกาดก้านขาวหรือ rapeseed plants ช่วงยุคสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 สหรัฐอเมริกาต้องการน้ำมันมาใช้หล่อลื่นเครื่องยนต์ ประเทศแคนาดาจึงหาวิธีปลูกและผลิต rapeseed oil หลังจากที่สิ้นสุดสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 rapeseed oil ถูกผลิตมาเยอะเกินและขายไม่ออก ประเทศแคนาดาจึงหาวิธีขายให้ประเทศอื่น ใน rapeseed oil ของแคนาดา สาร Erucic acid มีสูงไปซึ่งไม่เหมาะสำหรับการทานเป็นอาหาร ในช่วงประมาณปี 1970 แคนาดาสำเร็จในการจด patent สำหรับการลดสาร Erucic acid จากน้ำมัน rapeseed และตั้งชื่อน้ำมันใหม่ว่า Canola oil Canola ย่อมาจาก Canadian oil low acid นอกจากจะแปรรูปจากการสกัด ยังแปรรูปในการตั้งชื่อด้วยครับ

pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

I was listening to a sermon at my church this weekend on Luke 9. It made me think of these words, “I do believe; help my unbelief.” I’ll start with context on this statement and then show how it applies to the passage we were studying.

They brought the boy to Him. When he saw Him, immediately the spirit threw him into a convulsion, and falling to the ground, he began rolling around and foaming at the mouth. And He asked his father, “How long has this been happening to him?” And he said, “From childhood. It has often thrown him both into the fire and into the water to destroy him. But if You can do anything, take pity on us and help us!” And Jesus said to him, “ ‘If You can?’ All things are possible to him who believes.” Immediately the boy’s father cried out and said, “I do believe; help my unbelief.” (Mark 9:20-24) {emphasis mine}

In this story, a desperate father brought his son to Jesus’s disciples for healing, when they failed, he brought the boy to Jesus. He begged for help, but qualified with “But if You can … .” How often do we explicitly or implicitly say this to God in our prayers.

Just as this father believed in Jesus enough to bring his dear child to Jesus, but still had doubts, we tend to be the same. As Christians, we believe that Jesus loved us enough to die on the cross, but do we believe He is always with us? Do we believe He will never leave nor forsake us? Do we believe that all things work together for good for those who love God and are called according to His purpose? I think we can all say, “I do believe; help my unbelief.”

We all have highs where we are excited about Jesus and believe He is working in us and through us. We also have lows where we feel distant and wondering if He sees or cares. We need to have that belief of the highs when we are going through the lows.

In Luke 9, Jesus sent out His 12 disciples to share the gospel and heal the sick and possessed. They came back on a high, amazed at the great miracles that Jesus had worked through them.

And He called the twelve together, and gave them power and authority over all the demons and to heal diseases. And He sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to perform healing. … When the apostles returned, they gave an account to Him of all that they had done. Taking them with Him, He withdrew by Himself to a city called Bethsaida. (Luke 9:1-2,10) {emphasis mine}

The 12 disciples were on a high. Miracles had been done through their hands and at their word. They felt like they could conquer the world, but this high and great faith did not last very long. Jesus took them away. They thought they were going to spend some private time with Jesus, but that is not what happened. A great crowd ran ahead and met them. Jesus saw their physical and spiritual needs and began to preach and minister to them. It began to get late, so the disciples came to Jesus to ask Him to wrap things up and send the people away so they could eat (like Jesus didn’t know).

Now the day was ending, and the twelve came and said to Him, “Send the crowd away, that they may go into the surrounding villages and countryside and find lodging and get something to eat; for here we are in a desolate place.” But He said to them, “You give them something to eat!” And they said, “We have no more than five loaves and two fish, unless perhaps we go and buy food for all these people.” (For there were about five thousand men.) And He said to His disciples, “Have them sit down to eat in groups of about fifty each.” They did so, and had them all sit down. Then He took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, He blessed them, and broke them, and kept giving them to the disciples to set before the people. And they all ate and were satisfied; and the broken pieces which they had left over were picked up, twelve baskets full. (Luke 9:12-17) {emphasis mine}

Jesus gently guided His disciples, trying to help them see that there was nothing to fear, that He had everything under control, and that nothing is impossible with Him. When He asked them what they had available to feed the crowd, and they just had one young boy’s small lunch, they immediately assumed feeding the crowd was impossible. Jesus then proceeded to feed the 5,000 (5,000 men and an uncounted number of women and children). Yes, Jesus was merciful and fed this hungry crowd, but I believe this feeding was about so much more than meeting the physical needs of the crowd. Notice how every person there ate until they were satisfied. Jesus then had the disciples pick up the leftovers. How much was left over? 12 baskets full. How many disciples was He giving an object lesson to? 12 disciples. Jesus doesn’t do anything by accident. Everything He does is for a reason. (In the same way everything He allows to happen to us is for a good reason.) He did what the disciples thought was impossible, He fed the huge crowd, but even more, He had one basketful leftover for each disciple. This was a personal message to each of His disciples.

When Jesus sent them out with the command to share the Gospel, heal the sick, and cast out demons, they went out with faith and returned with even greater faith “I believe,” but then the day after they returned, their faith waivered again. They needed to cry out, “help my unbelief.” Jesus empowered and guided them both in their belief and in their unbelief. He most definitely helped their unbelief and will do the same for us.

Our Father, please help us to have faith in good times and in bad. Help us to believe with all of our heart, mind, and soul. We believe that you are God and we believe that Jesus came down to earth to live the perfect life that we are unable to live, died to receive the punishment we deserved, and was raised to life on the third day. Believe that the Holy Spirit lives within us empowering and guiding us. We also acknowledge that we have doubts. Please help our unbelief.

Trust Jesus.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ลอดจ์ในสยาม ในช่วงที่โลกดูเหมือนจะหมุนเร็วขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ เราเริ่มเห็นปรากฏการณ์บางอย่างซ้ำซ้อนคล้ายคลึงกันไปทั่วโลก ผู้นำประเทศพูดเรื่องเดียวกัน การเงินผูกติดกันเหมือนลูกโป่งชะลูดลม การศึกษาเน้นเรื่องเดียวกัน อาหารแปรรูปสูตรเดียวกัน ยาและวัคซีนออกแนวเดียวกัน คนจำนวนมากพอได้ยินคำนี้ ก็มักจะผูกโยงกับ Freemason โดยอัตโนมัติ เหมือนพอพูดถึง “จานบิน” ก็ต้องนึกถึง “มนุษย์ต่างดาว” ไม่รู้ใครเป็นคนกำหนดชุดความเชื่อนี้ไว้ แต่ที่แน่ ๆ มันติดอยู่ในหัวเราหลายสิบปีแล้ว ซึ่งเราเองก็ไม่อาจทราบได้ว่า มันจะเกี่ยวข้องกันจริงๆหรือ?

ถ้ามองแบบเบื้องต้น Freemason คือกลุ่มที่รวมตัวกันตามหลักของ “ภราดรภาพ” (Brotherhood) ซึ่งเริ่มตั้งแต่ยุคยุโรปกลาง โดยมีโครงสร้างแบบลับ–กึ่งลับ จุดร่วมอยู่ที่ “พิธีกรรม” การฝึกจิตวิญญาณ ความเชื่อในสัญลักษณ์ และการสร้างเครือข่ายความร่วมมือในทุกระดับ ตั้งแต่ช่างหิน คนทำตึก ไปจนถึงนักการเมืองระดับสูง ใครที่ได้เข้าไปอยู่ในระบบนี้ จะต้องผ่านการทดสอบหลายขั้น มีการขึ้นระดับ (Degree) และมีลำดับชั้นเหมือนบันได แต่ทั้งหมดก็ยังคงเป็นเรื่องเล่า เพราะ freemason พูดเสมอว่าพวกเขาไม่ใช่องค์กรลับ ไม่ใช่กลุ่มโอกาสในการสร้างเครือข่ายเพื่อธุรกิจ

คำถามที่ถูกถามบ่อยๆคือ แล้วในไทยมีด้วยเหรอ? คำตอบคือ “มี และมีมานานแล้วด้วย” วันนี้เรามาทำความรู้จักกับ Freemason lodge แห่งแรกในไทยกันครับ

ประเทศไทยเริ่มมี “Freemason Lodge” อย่างเป็นทางการตั้งแต่ยุครัชกาลที่ 6 โดยใช้ชื่อว่า “ลอดจ์เซนต์จอห์น” (Lodge St. John) ลำดับทะเบียนคือ No.1072 ตามธรรมนูญสก็อตแลนด์
ปีที่ก่อตั้ง ค.ศ. 1911 ตรงกับ พ.ศ. 2454 สมัยรัชการที่ 6 ต้นสังกัดคือ Grand Lodge of Scotland เป็นลอดจ์แห่งแรกในประเทศไทย และเก่าแก่ที่สุดในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ สมาชิกหลักในยุคแรกจะเป็นชาวอังกฤษ ฝรั่งเศส จีน และขุนนางไทยระดับสูงในราชสำนัก

ลอดจ์นี้ถือเป็น “จุดเริ่มต้นของ Freemason ในไทย” เริ่มต้นจากปี พ.ศ.2411(ค.ศ. 1868) หลังจากที่สยามเปิดประตูรับอิทธิพลจากต่างประเทศ เพื่อความมั่นใจในการอยู่รอดของประเทศจากการล่าอาณานิคม รัชกาลที่ 6 ทรงเชิญฝรั่งเศส อังกฤษ เยอรมัน รัสเซีย เดนมาร์ก อเมริกาและประเทศอื่นๆ ให้ส่งผู้เชี่ยวชาญที่เก่งที่สุดมาสร้างและบริหารหน่วยงานของรัฐบาลต่างๆที่จำเป็นต่อความก้าวหน้าของประเทศในเวลานั้น

บันทึกเกี่ยวกับ Freemason พบในเดือน เมษายน พ.ศ. 2421 (April 1878) ว่ามีการพยายามจัดตั้งลอดจ์อยู่หลายครั้ง แต่ระหว่างนั้นก็ประสบปัญหามากมายอยู่ จนสำเร็จในปี พ.ศ. 2545 (1911) ผ่านเหตุการณ์สำคัญมากมายโดยเฉพาะสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 ซึ่งมีสมาชิกเสรีไทย ภายใต้ Force 136 of the British Special Operations Executive และ the American Office of Strategic Services มาเป็น new gen ritualists ของ freemason

ปัจจุบัน ลอดจ์เซนต์จอห์น ตั้งอยู่ที่ นวมินทร์ 24 ถ้าสนใจเยี่ยมชมกิจกรรมของ freemason ต้องทำการติดต่อล่วงหน้าก่อนทุกกรณีครับ https://maps.app.goo.gl/yA8Qq6NMCXi5S5Z27

และหากต้องการสมัครเป็น freemason เขาต้องตรวจสอบให้แน่ใจว่าแต่ละคนมีเหตุผลที่เหมาะสมในการต้องการเป็น Freemason ว่าเหมาะสมหรือไม่ ผ่านแบบฟอร์มทางเว็บไซท์ จากนั้นจะมีการจัดประชุมกับสมาชิกอาวุโส เพื่อตกลงร่วมกันถึงความเป็น freemason และเมื่อการสัมภาษณ์ผ่านไปได้ด้วยดี เราก็จะได้รับเชิญในการเข้าร่วมงานสังสรรค์ประจำเดือน ซึ่งจัดทุกๆเดือนในวันอังคารที่สาม และจะต้องเข้าร่วมกิจกรรมต่อเนื่องอย่างน้อย 6 เดือน เพื่อที่จะให้พี่น้อง 2 คนในลอดจ์ สนับสนุนการสมัครอย่างเป็นทางการ โดยพี่น้อง 2 คนนั้นจะต้องรับผิดชอบต่อความก้าวหน้าของเรา เพื่อประสบความสำเร็จในการเป็น freemason ด้วยเช่นกัน

การเป็นสมาชิกนั้นจะมีค่าธรรมเนียมรายปีด้วยครับ นอกจากนี้จะต้องใช้เวลาราวๆ 2 ปี เพื่อเรียนจบ 2 degree สำหรับการเป็นเป็น Master Mason อีกด้วย แต่ทั้งหมดต้องอย่าลืมว่า ไม่ใช่แค่สมัครแล้วจะได้เลย มันขึ้นอยู่กับว่า freemason จะรับพิจารณาเราด้วยหรือไม่ครับ

และทั้งหมดนี้คือข้อมูลแบบคร่าวๆมากๆ เกี่ยวกับ freemason lodge แห่งแรกในประเทศไทยครับ

@ 0b118e40:4edc09cb

I picked up this book 'Nuclear Power Explained' by Dirk Eidemuller to understand nuclear power and the historical context during the nuclear euphoria era. I’ll share a bit on the history part. Note: I have not seen the movie Oppenheimer yet.

Some key highlights :

In 1933 -Leo Szilard thought of the nuclear chain reaction concept - whereby one nuclear reaction triggers a series of additional nuclear reactions, releasing a significant amount of energy. This is fundamental for nuclear reactors and weapons. He figured this out the same year he was fleeing from one country to another from Hitler. He tried to share this idea to Rutherford but got kicked out of the office.

In 1934 - Enrico Fermi first conducted the experiment in irradiating uranium with neutrons but unfortunately he did not spot anything

In 1938, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann's experiments accidentally found barium forming when they irradiated uranium with neutrons. Splitting uranium atoms was not a norm at that time. This new finding was the start of the nuclear era.

---

Fission vs. Fusion * Fission splits heavy nuclei into smaller ones, whereas fusion combines light nuclei into heavier ones. * Fission is used in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs, while fusion is the process that powers stars (energy is produced when hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium). The goal of developing fusion-based power generation on Earth is still work-in-progress. Thermonuclear bombs (super bombs) use fusion as well.

---

Otto Hahn collaborated with Lisa Meitner, Germany's first female physics professor, who fled to Sweden due to Nazi persecution. Lisa encouraged Hahn to repeat Fermi’s experiment with high precision. Lisa Meitner and her cousin Otto Frisch analyzed the results and coined the term "fission."

(Note : Women physicist were gaining popularity during that time - Marie Curie, nuclear physics, won 2 nobel price for her work)

1938 - Otto Hahn and Lisa published their results. Nuclear physicists worldwide were in disbelief.

In the early days, Albert Einstein didn’t think it was possible.He said that the whole thing would be like shooting at “birds in the dark in a country where there are few birds.”

Ernest Rutherford (who introduced the atom particle model in 1911 ) thought that it was an absurd idea to try to generate energy in this way. Note : both Rutherford and Bohr introduced the atom particle model, both had a central nucleus and electrons. Bohr’s model was more detailed and led to quantum mechanics and modern behaviour of atoms.

1939 - WW2 started on Sep 1, 1939

1941 - Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

After Otto Hahn’s paper released, a few things happened

Albert Einstein's E=mc^2 links energy and mass, and while this concept has been around for a while and is based on space and time and initially unrelated to nuclear, it also explained nuclear fission's energy release.

Szilard, who was a long time friend of Einstein, reached out and shared the nuclear reaction theory and its potential for killer weapons. They were worried Nazis might build it first and bomb the US.

They wrote to President Roosevelt to establish research for nuclear weapons to counter a possible attack. To add to suspicion, Germany halted uranium sales from occupied Czechoslovak mines.

(Einstein later on said he regretted this letter after witnessing the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. If he knew Germany wouldn't succeed in making an atomic bomb, he wouldn't have taken action)

Alexander Sachs, a friend of Szilárd and Roosevelt delivered the letter. At first President Roosevelt was not interested. Concurrently Germany invaded Poland, the tension was rising.

Sachs apparently used the analogy of Robert Fulton proposing steamships to Napoleon (to up the notch on traditional sail ships) to convince Roosevelt of the need for a large-scale nuclear research program.

1942 - Roosevet finally agreed

The scientists formed a committee. Military were initially skeptical and wanted to cut costs. The scientists received $6,000 to start the Manhattan Project.

The First Nuclear Reactor : Chicago Pile-1 - a group of popular physicists, including Enrico Fermi and Leó Szilárd, designed the first nuclear reactor ever built by humans. It had 5.4 tons of pure uranium metal and another 45 tons of uranium oxide.

The first nuclear reactor is underneath an unused grandstand of the University of Chicago’s football stadium.

1942 - The first test was on Dec 2. If the chain reaction went awry, a worker would use an axe to cut a rope and release an emergency control rod above the reactor. There was also an automatic shutdown system, and someone ready to pour cadmium salt from above, which stops the chain reaction.

It was a success - the reactor ran at minimum power to initiate a nearly self-sustaining chain reaction.

This led to more reactors and bomb-grade plutonium to be produced.

(note : if you are reading up to here, plutoniums are man-made, and not mined from earth the same way uranium, minerals and ores are)

France was quickly occupied in the war, and its nuclear research material was brought to Germany.

The Soviet Union put in very little effort on the atomic bomb during this time as they needed to fight against the Nazis.

In Japan, too, nuclear research proceeded slowly.

In Germany, multiple research groups operated within the "Uranium Association" also known as “Uranverein”. Popular figures like Werner Heisenberg, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Walther Gerlach worked on it but failed to activate it.

In England, German- Austrian emigrants Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls initiated the “MAUD Committee'' (Military Application of Uranium Detonation) . Unfortunately England classified them as “enemy aliens" hence they went to Los Alamos to work on the US nuclear tech.

Their work led to the British-Canadian “Tube Alloys” secret project, which kickstarted the American Manhattan Project. This American Manhattan project under President Eisenhower introduced nuclear reactors to Iran, Pakistan and Israel. But more on that later.

After the successful experiments with the Chicago Pile-1, the American atomic bomb project proceeded at full speed. The Manhattan Project had more than 150,000 people working on it!

Everything was done under the highest military secrecy. With the exception of the leading scientists and military personnel, nobody knew what was actually being worked on until the news of the destruction of Hiroshima.

With two billion dollars (massive at that time), leading scientist and nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves quickly built a secret nuclear research center in remote Los Alamos, New Mexico, and established a nuclear industry as big as the entire American automobile industry during that era.

The Los Alamos Laboratory was called Project Y where the actual bomb design was being researched

University of Chicago’s met lab was a big research contributor during this euphoric nuclear era

Oak Ridge, Tennessee, known as "Atomic City," had large isotope separation facilities, two massive diffusion plants, one of which was the world's largest building at the time, and an electromagnetic separation plant. It provided the uranium for the Hiroshima bomb (little boy). The Hanford site provided the uranium for the Nagasaki bomb (fat man).

April 1945 - Harry Truman became U.S. President.

And four months later, he authorized nuclear attacks on Japanese civilians.

June 1945 - Szilard and Franck co-authored the "Franck Report" with fellow scientists. They cautioned against using nuclear bombs on civilians,

July 1945 - Szilard and other dozen researchers wrote to president Harry Truman to urgently warn him against civilian targets (The Szilard petition)

August 6, 1945 * Hiroshima bomb ~140,000 people died * Nagasaki bomb ~70,000 people died

Robert Oppenheimer on this explosion : “Now I have become death, the destroyer of worlds.” (from the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu text)

September 2,1945 - WW2 ended

In October 1945 , Oppenheimer resigned.

1946 - One year after the war, Leo Szilárd and Albert Einstein started the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists to inform the public about nuclear weapons and promote global peace.

Szilard also arranged conferences with scientists from both sides East and West to find better ways for security and peace.

After WW2, Soviet Union caught up with the US nuclear tech through espionage

1949 - Soviet detonated their first nuclear bomb in Semipalatinsk Test Site, in Kazakhstan.

In 1949 Fermi and Nobel laureate Isidor Rabi cautioned that this new weapon could have devastating consequences, approaching genocide.

1950 - 1953 - Korean war between communism (North Korea) and capitalism (South Korea). The US supported South Korea but decided against nuclear weapons due to ethical concerns. But the ideology war was becoming more apparent here.

1952 - Great Britain detonated its first atomic bomb

1952 - US developed the first hydrogen bomb - based on nuclear fusion and not nuclear fission. These super bombs were 800x stronger than the Hiroshima bomb. Instead of splitting the atomic nuclei to smaller ones, very light atomic nuclei are fused into heavier ones which enables a greater explosive forces

Oppenheimer spoke against the development of thermonuclear weapons/hydrogen bombs.

In the 1940s and 1950s during the McCarthy era, there was widespread fear of communism. People worked to expose anyone they thought might be associated with communism. Senator Joseph McCarthy led investigations, and J. Robert Oppenheimer was accused of having communist ties.

In 1954 - Oppenheimer’s security clearance was revoked by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission after a highly publicized hearing accusing him of a communist past.

1955 - Einstein passed away. He was 76

1958 - Khrushchev became premier (Soviet Union). In his first full briefing after having a full view of the nuclear environment he said “ I could not sleep for several days. Then I became convinced that we could never possibly use these weapons, and when I realized that I was able to sleep again.”

There’s a long bit on him and JFK eventually working out peace in secrecy...

1960 - Szilárd met with Nikita Khrushchev in New York for two hours. He convinced the Soviet leader to support the idea of a hotline with the US to prevent accidental nuclear war.

1960 - France detonated its first atomic bomb

1961 - JFK came to power

1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis - lasted for 2 weeks.

The Cuban Missile Crisis began when the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from the US, raising the threat of nuclear conflict. It ended with an agreement between the US and Soviet Union:

1. The U.S. wouldn't invade Cuba.
2. The USSR would remove its Cuban missiles.
3. The U.S. would secretly remove its missiles from Turkey, easing tensions.

The end of Cuban Missile crisis started the peace journey between US and the Soviet Unions.

But sadly, not everybody loved peace.

1963 - JFK was assassinated

1964 - Khrushchev was ousted

1964 - Leo Szilard died of heart attack

1964 - China detonated its first atomic bomb

1983 - another possible nuclear attack during the Cold War - Soviet satellites wrongly signaled an American missile attack. Stanislav Petrov, in charge, could have launched a nuclear counterattack but didn't because he thought it was a technical glitch. It turned out he was right; sunlight reflections caused the false alarm. Petrov's decision likely averted a disastrous nuclear war. But it’s worrying how easy it was for world disaster.

1991 - The Cold War ended when the Berlin Wall came down, a significant symbol of bridging the East and the West

---

Part 2 - nuclear as electricity instead of bombs.

Throughout this time there was a growing shift to use nuclear power as electricity. I separated both timelines to have a clearer view on it

1951 - first reactor in Idaho used to generate electricity instead of bombs (small test reactor)

Jan 1953- President Eisenhower came was elected to office

Dec 1953 - President Eisenhower delivered his infamous "Atoms for Peace" speech to the UN, on the dangers of nuclear war and the potential of nuclear technology for human development.

He encouraged countries to use nuclear technology for peaceful purposes (electricity).

Iran, Israel, and Pakistan being among the first to agree. American Machine and Foundry constructed their early nuclear facilities.

This change from military to civilian use was made possible by amendments to the Atomic Energy Act.

1954- Russia built the first real reactor that converts nuclear power into electricity and supply it to the public power grid

1955- On August 8, in Geneva, Switzerland, the largest scientific conference in history, called the “International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,” began.

More than 1500 participants from East and West exchanged what were previously secretive results with surprising openness and aroused the curiosity of the world publicly.

1955 - The first nuclear-powered submarine, USS Nautilus, was put to sea

1956- the second nuclear power plant that produced electricity on an industrial scale in Calder Hall, near Windscale in England

1958 - the first commercialized power reactor in the US in Shippingport, Pennsylvania

In the 70’s- oil crisis promoted the use of nuclear as energy

1986 - Chernobyl (30 people died) - The Chernobyl disaster resulted from a poorly designed experiment at nuclear reactor Unit 4. They turned off safety systems, removed control rods, and ran the reactor at 7 percent power.

2011- Fukushima disaster (19,759 died) - After a major earthquake, a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors. This led to a nuclear accident on March 11, 2011. All three cores mostly melted within the first three days.

There are a lot of learning from disasters. New reactor designs aim for safety and efficiency, but some projects face rising costs and delays. Managing radioactive waste remains a challenge. The future of nuclear power's role in global electricity is uncertain. If one day nuclear power is really safe, each home can have its own mini power plants.

There are 436 nuclear reactors in the world located in 32 countries as of May 2023

On average, nuclear powers 10% of global power needs. Some countries are heading for 20%

---

2 takeaways :

1. United States created and won the nuclear race because it welcomed immigrants - who turned out to be superstar nuclear physicist persecuted in their countries

2. International cooperation, advocated by many researchers since the discovery of nuclear fission, hopefully outweighs power politics.