@ e83b66a8:b0526c2b

Here are some of the more interesting projects that I like: Messaging: https://www.0xchat.com/#/ - Private messaging - think WhatsApp Xitter Like Clients: https://damus.io/ - iPhone client https://nostrapps.com/amethyst - Android client https://primal.net/downloads - Android, iPhone & Desktop https://shipyard.pub/posts - Schedule future posts Interesting sites: https://zap.stream/ - Video streaming https://fountain.fm/ - Podcasting https://wavlake.com/ - Music streaming https://shopstr.store/ - Online shop https://zap.cooking/recent - Cooking recipes https://ostrich.work/ - NOSTR jobs board NOSTR tools https://nostr.band/ - Powerful search tool https://nostr.wine/ - Powerful, but centralised paid relay https://npub.pro/ - Website creation tool https://nostr.build/ - Media and file storage https://relay.tools/ - Build and curate your own relay https://creatr.nostr.wine/subscriptions/new-user - Creator tools List of NOSTR apps: https://nostrapps.com/

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

## ทำไมบิทคอยน์จึงดึงดูดนักลงทุนได้ ด้วยคุณสมบัติที่แยกตัวออกจากปัจจัยเสี่ยงและผลตอบแทนแบบดั้งเดิมของมัน? *บทความนี้แปลมาจากเอกสารไวท์เปเปอร์อย่างเป็นทางการของ BlackRock Investments โดยผมได้ทำการเรียบเรียงใหม่ให้กระชับขึ้นเล็กน้อยและสามารถอ่านทำความเข้าใจได้ง่ายขึ้น (เนื่องจากต้นฉบับเขียนมาด้วยภาษาที่เป็นทางการพอสมควร) หากต้องการอ่านเนื้อหาต้นฉบับแบบ 100% สามารถตามไปอ่านกันได้ที่นี่ [Bitcoin: A Unique Diversifier](https://blackrock.com/us/financial-professionals/literature/whitepaper/bitcoin-a-unique-diversifier.pdf)* # คำนำ บิตคอยน์ได้ผ่านเส้นทางประวัติศาสตร์อันยาวนานกว่า 15 ปี จากจุดเริ่มต้นที่ไม่เป็นที่รู้จัก จนกลายเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่บุคคลและสถาบันต่างๆ ทั่วโลกถือครองในระดับที่แตกต่างกัน BlackRock ได้เปิดตัวบริการเกี่ยวกับบิตคอยน์สำหรับลูกค้าครั้งแรกในปี 2022 แต่ช่วงเวลาก่อนหน้านั้นถือเป็นช่วงเวลาสำคัญสำหรับเราในการศึกษา ติดตามสถานการณ์ และมีส่วนร่วมกับลูกค้า ในฐานะผู้ดูแลผลประโยชน์ BlackRock มุ่งมั่นที่จะมอบสิทธิ์การเข้าถึงและทางเลือกให้กับลูกค้า เพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการของแต่ละบุคคล เช่นเดียวกับสินทรัพย์ประเภทอื่นๆ เมื่อลูกค้าแสดงความต้องการในการเข้าถึงสินทรัพย์ BlackRock จะพยายามเสนอทางเลือกในการลงทุนให้กับพวกเขามากขึ้น แต่การเสนอทางเลือกให้กับลูกค้าเป็นเพียงก้าวแรก BlackRock ยังต้องตรวจสอบผลการดำเนินงานอย่างใกล้ชิด และศึกษาค้นคว้าด้วยตนเอง เพื่อให้ความรู้แก่ลูกค้า BlackRock เชื่อมั่นในแนวคิดที่ว่า ด้วยคุณสมบัติของบิตคอยน์ในฐานะสินทรัพย์ระดับโลก ที่กระจายอำนาจ มีอุปทานคงที่ และไม่ขึ้นกับรัฐบาลใด มีปัจจัยเสี่ยงและผลตอบแทนที่แตกต่าง และไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กันในระยะยาวกับสินทรัพย์ประเภทดั้งเดิม BlackRock ยังคงเชื่อมั่นในสิ่งนี้ แม้ว่าบางครั้งพฤติกรรมการซื้อขายในตลาดระยะสั้นจะเบี่ยงเบนไปจากสิ่งที่ลักษณะพื้นฐานของบิตคอยน์ได้บ่งชี้เอาไว้ และการเบี่ยงเบนนี้ในบางกรณีก็อาจรุนแรงมาก BlackRock สังเกตเห็นสิ่งนี้เมื่อไม่นานมานี้ ในวันที่ 5 สิงหาคม 2024 เมื่อราคาบิตคอยน์ลดลง 7% ภายในหนึ่งวัน ควบคู่ไปกับการลดลง 3% ของดัชนี S&P 500 เนื่องจากตลาดโลกประสบกับภาวะการถอนทุนอย่างรวดเร็วที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการคลี่คลายของการซื้อขายเงินเยนแบบ Carry Trade เหตุการณ์นี้เกิดขึ้นพร้อมกับเหตุการณ์เฉพาะของบิตคอยน์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการแจกจ่ายและการชำระบัญชีจากการล้มละลายที่ค้างคามานาน (ในเคสของ Genesis, Mt. Gox) ซึ่งเกิดขึ้นในช่วงสามวันก่อนหน้านั้น จากนั้นสถานการณ์ก็เลวร้ายลงจากการแย่งชิงสภาพคล่องที่เกิดจากการเทขายในตลาดโลกที่กำลังเกิดขึ้น ¹ เช่นเดียวกับรูปแบบทั่วไปที่เกิดขึ้นในช่วงเวลาสั้นๆ ที่มีการเคลื่อนไหวร่วมกับหุ้นในทิศทางลบอย่างรวดเร็ว ราคาของบิตคอยน์ฟื้นตัวขึ้นแซงหน้าระดับก่อนการเทขายได้ภายในสามวัน ² BlackRock มองว่ารูปแบบนี้เป็นตัวอย่างของปัจจัยพื้นฐานที่ในที่สุดก็มีชัยเหนือปฏิกิริยาการซื้อขายแบบ Leverage ระยะสั้น ดังที่วอร์เรน บัฟเฟตต์เคยกล่าวไว้ว่า “ตลาดหุ้นคือกลไกในการถ่ายโอนเงินจากคนใจร้อนไปสู่คนใจเย็น” ภูมิปัญญานี้ยังมีแนวโน้มที่จะเป็นจริงสำหรับตลาดบิตคอยน์ตลอดประวัติศาสตร์ ในเอกสารแนบนี้ BlackRock ได้นำเสนอความพยายามที่ดีที่สุดในการรวบรวมข้อมูล เพื่อตอบสนองต่อความสนใจอย่างมากจากลูกค้า เกี่ยวกับพลวัตของบิตคอยน์ในปัจจุบัน ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความเสี่ยง ผลตอบแทน และปฏิสัมพันธ์ของพอร์ตการลงทุน BlackRock ทำเช่นนี้โดยตระหนักถึงระยะเริ่มต้นของบิตคอยน์ในเส้นทางของมัน และความรวดเร็วในการนำไปใช้และความเข้าใจของชุมชนนักลงทุนทั่วโลกที่กำลังพัฒนา ----------- - [1] บิตคอยน์ลดลง 5% ในวันที่ 2 สิงหาคม 2024 หลังจาก Genesis ประกาศแจกจ่าย BTC มูลค่า 1.1 พันล้านดอลลาร์ให้กับเจ้าหนี้ ในวันที่ 3 และ 4 สิงหาคม 2024 บิตคอยน์ลดลงรวม 5% เนื่องจากผู้ดูแลสภาพคล่องรายใหญ่ในตลาดถูกบังคับให้เริ่มดำเนินการชำระบัญชี BTC และ ETH ที่ถือครองอยู่ บิตคอยน์ลดลงอีก 7% ในวันที่ 5 สิงหาคม 2024 ซึ่งเป็นวันเดียวกับที่ตลาดหุ้นประสบกับภาวะการปรับฐานอย่างรวดเร็ว *(ที่มา: ราคา Spot ของบิตคอยน์ของ Bloomberg ณ สิงหาคม 2024)* - [2] บิตคอยน์ฟื้นตัวจากการขาดทุนในวันที่ 5 สิงหาคม ภายในวันที่ 8 สิงหาคม 2024 และฟื้นตัวกลับสู่ระดับตั้งแต่ต้นเดือนในวันที่ 25 สิงหาคม 2024 ดัชนี S&P 500 ฟื้นตัวจากการขาดทุนในวันที่ 5 สิงหาคม ภายในวันที่ 13 สิงหาคม 2024 *(ที่มา: ราคา Spot ของบิตคอยน์ของ Bloomberg)* ### ผู้เขียน - **Samara Cohen** ประธานเจ้าหน้าที่ฝ่ายการลงทุนของ ETF และ Index Investments, BlackRock - **Robert Mitchnick** หัวหน้าฝ่ายสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล, BlackRock - **Russell Brownback** หัวหน้าฝ่าย Global Macro Positioning for Fixed Income, BlackRock # ประเด็นสำคัญ 1. นักลงทุนที่กำลังพิจารณาจัดสรรเงินทุนไปยังบิตคอยน์กำลังพยายามวิเคราะห์ว่าจะเปรียบเทียบกับสินทรัพย์ทางการเงินแบบดั้งเดิมอย่างไร เนื่องจากบิตคอยน์มีคุณสมบัติเฉพาะตัวและมีประวัติไม่มากนัก 2. บิตคอยน์มีความผันผวนสูง จึงเห็นได้ชัดว่าเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีความเสี่ยงในตัวเอง อย่างไรก็ตาม ปัจจัยเสี่ยงและผลตอบแทนที่อาจเกิดขึ้นส่วนใหญ่ของบิตคอยน์นั้นแตกต่างจากสินทรัพย์เสี่ยงแบบดั้งเดิมโดยพื้นฐาน ทำให้ไม่เหมาะกับกรอบความคิดทางการเงินแบบดั้งเดิมส่วนใหญ่ รวมถึงกรอบ “Risk On” กับ “Risk Off” ที่ผู้วิจารณ์เศรษฐกิจมหภาคบางคนใช้ 3. ลักษณะของบิตคอยน์ในฐานะสินทรัพย์ระดับโลกที่หายากนั้น ไม่ขึ้นกับรัฐบาลใด และมีการกระจายอำนาจ ทำให้นักลงทุนบางรายมองว่าเป็นตัวเลือกในการหลบภัยในช่วงเวลาที่เกิดความกลัวและเหตุการณ์ความไม่สงบทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ 4. ในระยะยาว วิถีการยอมรับบิตคอยน์มีแนวโน้มที่จะถูกขับเคลื่อนด้วยความรุนแรงของความกังวลเกี่ยวกับเสถียรภาพทางการเงินโลก เสถียรภาพทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ ความยั่งยืนทางการคลังของสหรัฐฯ และเสถียรภาพทางการเมืองของสหรัฐฯ ซึ่งเป็นความสัมพันธ์แบบผกผันกับสิ่งที่มักจะเกิดขึ้นกับสินทรัพย์เสี่ยงแบบดั้งเดิมเมื่อเทียบกับปัจจัยเหล่านั้น # บทนำ บิตคอยน์เป็นสินทรัพย์เสี่ยง หรือ ไม่เสี่ยง? นั่นเป็นหนึ่งในคำถามที่ลูกค้าของเราถามเรามากที่สุด เมื่อพวกเขาพิจารณาลงทุนในบิตคอยน์เป็นครั้งแรก คำตอบคือ ลักษณะเฉพาะของบิตคอยน์ทำให้ไม่เหมาะสมกับกรอบแนวคิดทางการเงินแบบดั้งเดิมและกรอบอื่นๆ ส่วนใหญ่ด้วย ปัจจัยผลตอบแทนระยะยาวของบิตคอยน์ไม่มีความสัมพันธ์โดยพื้นฐานกับแหล่งที่มาของผลตอบแทนพอร์ตการลงทุนอื่นๆ แม้ว่าบิตคอยน์จะมีความผันผวนและมีช่วงเวลาสั้นๆ ที่เคลื่อนไหวไปในทิศทางเดียวกับหุ้น (โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วงเวลาที่อัตราดอกเบี้ยที่แท้จริงของเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐหรือสภาพคล่องเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างรวดเร็ว) แต่ความสัมพันธ์ระยะยาวของบิตคอยน์กับหุ้นและพันธบัตรนั้นต่ำ ผลตอบแทนระยะยาวในอดีตนั้นสูงกว่าสินทรัพย์ประเภทหลักๆ ทั้งหมด เราเชื่อว่าในช่วงเวลาที่ยาวนาน ปัจจัยขับเคลื่อนการยอมรับบิตคอยน์น่าจะแตกต่างจากปัจจัยมหภาคระดับโลกที่ขับเคลื่อนสินทรัพย์ทางการเงินแบบดั้งเดิมส่วนใหญ่ และในบางกรณีก็กลับด้านกับ เอกสารนี้จึงมุ่งมั่นที่จะอธิบายถึงพลวัตนี้ ## ทำไมบิตคอยน์จึงสำคัญ? สิ่งสำคัญคือต้องเข้าใจพื้นฐานของสิ่งที่ทำให้บิตคอยน์มีความเกี่ยวข้อง บิตคอยน์ถือกำเนิดขึ้นในปี 2009 และกลายเป็นเครื่องมือทางการเงินบนอินเทอร์เน็ตตัวแรกที่ได้รับการยอมรับอย่างกว้างขวางทั่วโลก³ นวัตกรรมทางเทคโนโลยีของมันคือการสร้างรูปแบบของสกุลเงินที่เป็นดิจิทัล เป็นสากล หายาก กระจายอำนาจ และไม่จำเป็นต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากใคร คุณสมบัติเหล่านี้ทำให้เกิดความก้าวหน้าครั้งสำคัญในการแก้ปัญหาที่มีมานานหลายศตวรรษที่รูปแบบเงินอื่นๆ ต้องเผชิญ: - อุปทานของบิตคอยน์ถูกจำกัดไว้ที่ 21 ล้านหน่วย หมายความว่าไม่สามารถถูกลดค่าได้ง่าย - ลักษณะที่เป็นดิจิทัลและเป็นสากล หมายความว่าสามารถโอนไปที่ใดก็ได้ในโลกแบบเรียลไทม์โดยมีต้นทุนเกือบศูนย์ ก้าวข้ามอุปสรรคที่มีมานานในการเคลื่อนย้ายมูลค่าข้ามพรมแดนทางการเมือง - ลักษณะการกระจายอำนาจและไม่จำเป็นต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากใคร ทำให้เป็นระบบการเงินแบบเปิดที่แท้จริงอันแรกของโลก  จากภาพ... ### ความท้าทายทางประวัติศาสตร์ที่ยังคงอยู่เกี่ยวกับเงิน - มีแนวโน้มที่จะเกิดภาวะเงินเฟ้อและการลดค่าเงิน เนื่องจากอุปทานไม่คงที่ - ทำธุรกรรมข้ามพรมแดนได้ยาก - การเข้าถึงถูกจำกัดเฉพาะประเทศของตน ควบคุมโดยหน่วยงานส่วนกลาง ### สิ่งที่บิตคอยน์ทำให้เป็นไปได้ - อุปทานสูงสุดคงที่ 21 ล้านหน่วย โดยอัตราการเติบโตของอุปทานลดลงทุกๆ 4 ปี¹ (เกิดฮาล์ฟวิ่ง) - เป็นดิจิทัลและไร้พรมแดน อนุญาตให้โอนมูลค่าทั่วโลกได้เกือบจะในทันที - ระบบการเงินระดับโลกแบบเปิดที่แท้จริงแห่งแรก หมายเหตุ: *เฉพาะเพื่อวัตถุประสงค์ในการอธิบายเท่านั้น* - [1] Bitcoin White Paper “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” (2008) และ CoinGecko ณ กรกฎาคม 2024 การประมาณการล่วงหน้าอาจไม่เกิดขึ้นจริง ไม่มีการรับประกันว่าขีดจำกัดอุปทาน 21 ล้านหน่วยในปัจจุบันสำหรับบิตคอยน์ที่คงค้าง ซึ่งคาดว่าจะถึงประมาณปี 2140 จะไม่เปลี่ยนแปลง ในขณะที่สินทรัพย์คริปโตอื่นๆ ถูกสร้างขึ้นบนพื้นฐานของความก้าวหน้าเดิมๆ ของบิตคอยน์ โดยในหลายกรณีเพื่อแสวงหาการใช้งานที่หลากหลายขึ้น แต่ก็มีการรวมตัวกันทั่วโลกเพื่อให้บิตคอยน์เป็นสินทรัพย์ที่โดดเด่นในพื้นที่นี้⁴ สิ่งนี้ทำให้บิตคอยน์มีสถานะที่ไม่เหมือนใครในจักรวาลของสินทรัพย์คริปโต ในฐานะทางเลือกทางการเงินระดับโลกและสินทรัพย์ที่มีความหายากที่น่าเชื่อถือ # เส้นทางสู่มูลค่าตลาด 1 ล้านล้านดอลลาร์ ของบิตคอยน์ แม้ว่าบิตคอยน์จะมีการเติบโตอย่างน่าทึ่งและได้รับการยอมรับอย่างกว้างขวางทั่วโลกจนถึงปัจจุบัน แต่ศักยภาพสูงสุดในการพัฒนาเป็นแหล่งเก็บมูลค่าและ/หรือสินทรัพย์การชำระเงินระดับโลกยังคงไม่แน่นอน มูลค่าตลาดที่กำลังเติบโตของบิตคอยน์สะท้อนถึงความไม่แน่นอนนั้น บิตคอยน์มีผลการดำเนินงานดีกว่าสินทรัพย์ประเภทหลักๆ ทั้งหมดใน 7 ปีจาก 10 ปีที่ผ่านมา ทำให้มีผลตอบแทนที่โดดเด่นเกิน 100% ต่อปีในช่วงทศวรรษที่ผ่านมา ผลการดำเนินงานนี้เกิดขึ้นแม้ว่าบิตคอยน์จะเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีผลการดำเนินงานแย่ที่สุดใน 3 ปีจาก 10 ปีนั้น โดยมีการลดลงมากกว่า 50% ถึงสี่ครั้ง^5,6 ตลอดวัฏจักรทางประวัติศาสตร์เหล่านี้ บิตคอยน์ได้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความสามารถในการฟื้นตัวจากการลดลงดังกล่าวและไปถึงจุดสูงสุดใหม่ แม้จะอยู่ในช่วงตลาดหมีที่ยาวนานก็ตาม การเคลื่อนไหวของราคาบิตคอยน์เหล่านี้ส่วนหนึ่งยังคงสะท้อนถึงโอกาสในการพัฒนาของบิตคอยน์ในอนาคต ในการได้รับการยอมรับอย่างกว้างขวางในฐานะทางเลือกทางการเงินระดับโลก ----------- หมายเหตุ: - [3] ความพยายามครั้งสำคัญก่อนหน้านี้ในการสร้างทางเลือกทางการเงินแบบดิจิทัลและกระจายอำนาจ นำโดย David Schaum นักเข้ารหัส ผู้ก่อตั้งบริษัท DigiCash ในปี 1990 เพื่อเปิดตัว “eCash” เงินอิเล็กทรอนิกส์เต็มรูปแบบตัวแรกในปี 1993 eCash มียอดผู้ใช้สูงสุด ~5,000 รายภายในปี 1998 ทำให้บริษัทต้องปิดตัวลงและประกาศล้มละลายในปี 1999 ในขณะเดียวกัน คาดว่ามีผู้คนประมาณ 580 ล้านคนทั่วโลกที่เป็นเจ้าของคริปโตในปัจจุบัน ซึ่งบิตคอยน์ยังคงมีส่วนแบ่งการตลาดมากกว่า 50% *(ที่มา: คณะกรรมาธิการยุโรป “เรื่องราวของ DigiCash และ eCash” ณ วันที่ 18 กันยายน 2019; Bitcoin Magazine ผ่าน Nasdaq “The Genesis Files: How David Chaum’s eCash Spawned a Cypherpunk Dream” ณ วันที่ 24 เมษายน 2018; Crypto.com “เจ้าของ Cryptocurrency ทั่วโลกเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 580 ล้านคนในปี 2023” ณ วันที่ 22 มกราคม 2024)* - [4] บิตคอยน์คิดเป็นมากกว่า 50% ของมูลค่าตลาดของจักรวาลสินทรัพย์คริปโต แม้ว่าจะมีสินทรัพย์คริปโตอื่นๆ มากกว่า 20,000 รายการในขณะนี้ *(ที่มา: Coin Metric ณ วันที่ 30 มิถุนายน 2024)* - [5] ผลการดำเนินงานในอดีตไม่ได้รับประกันผลลัพธ์ในอนาคต ผลการดำเนินงานของ Bloomberg Bitcoin Spot Price เทียบกับผลการดำเนินงานของสินทรัพย์สภาพคล่องหลักๆ ที่นักลงทุนสหรัฐฯ สามารถเข้าถึงได้ สะท้อนจากดัชนี S&P 500 ดัชนี Dow Jones Emerging Markets ดัชนี Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond ดัชนี Bloomberg U.S. High Yield Corporate ดัชนี Dow Jones Commodity และ Bloomberg Gold Spot Rate *(ที่มา: การคำนวณของ Bloomberg และ BlackRock ณ วันที่ 30 เมษายน 2024)* - [6] ในขณะที่ผลตอบแทนของบิตคอยน์ในช่วง 5 ปีแรกของการดำรงอยู่ (2009-2014) นั้นโดดเด่นยิ่งกว่า แต่เราเชื่อว่าเหมาะสมที่สุดที่จะมุ่งเน้นเฉพาะผลตอบแทนในช่วง 10 ปีที่ผ่านมา (2014-2024) เนื่องจากสถานการณ์เฉพาะตัวที่บิตคอยน์เกิดขึ้นจากความว่างเปล่าสู่เครือข่ายที่ใช้งานได้จริง ## ผลการดำเนินงานระยะยาวของบิตคอยน์ กราฟแสดงผลการดำเนินงานด้านราคาของบิตคอยน์ตั้งแต่วันที่ 19 กรกฎาคม 2010 ถึง 31 กรกฎาคม 2024 โดยวันที่เริ่มต้นสะท้อนถึงการเปิดตัวตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนบิตคอยน์แห่งแรก Mt. Gox  **หมายเหตุ:** ผลการดำเนินงานในอดีตไม่ได้รับประกันผลลัพธ์ในอนาคต แสดงถึงผลการดำเนินงานด้านราคาของบิตคอยน์ตั้งแต่วันที่ 19 กรกฎาคม 2010 ถึง 31 กรกฎาคม 2024 วันที่เริ่มต้นสะท้อนถึงการเปิดตัวตลาดแลกเปลี่ยนบิตคอยน์แห่งแรก Mt. Gox *(ที่มา: Bloomberg Bitcoin Spot Price ณ วันที่ 31 กรกฎาคม 2024)* > ความเห็นของผู้แปล: กราฟแสดงให้เห็นถึงศักยภาพในการเติบโตของบิตคอยน์ในระยะยาว แต่ก็เตือนถึงความผันผวนที่สูง นักลงทุนที่สนใจบิตคอยน์ ควรทำความเข้าใจกับความเสี่ยง และพิจารณาจัดสรรเงินทุนในสัดส่วนที่เหมาะสมกับระดับความเสี่ยงที่ตนเองรับได้ # สินทรัพย์ที่ไม่มีความสัมพันธ์ใดๆ บิตคอยน์สะท้อนถึงการได้รับผลกระทบจากตัวแปรเศรษฐกิจมหภาคอื่นๆ เพียงเล็กน้อย ซึ่งอธิบายถึงความสัมพันธ์โดยเฉลี่ยในระยะยาวที่ต่ำกับหุ้นและสินทรัพย์เสี่ยงอื่นๆ แม้ว่าจะมีช่วงเวลาสั้นๆ ที่ความสัมพันธ์ของบิตคอยน์พุ่งสูงขึ้น โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วงเวลาที่อัตราดอกเบี้ยที่แท้จริงของเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐหรือสภาพคล่องเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างกะทันหัน แต่เหตุการณ์เหล่านี้เป็นเพียงระยะสั้นๆ และไม่สามารถสร้างความสัมพันธ์ที่มีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติในระยะยาวได้อย่างชัดเจน ## บิตคอยน์แสดงให้เห็นถึงความสัมพันธ์ทางประวัติศาสตร์ที่ต่ำกับหุ้นสหรัฐฯ โดยมีช่วงเวลาที่ไปกันคนละทาง  **ข้อสังเกต:** - ทั้งบิตคอยน์และทองคำมีค่าสัมพันธ์โดยเฉลี่ยต่ำกับ S&P 500 โดยบิตคอยน์อยู่ที่ 0.2 และทองคำอยู่ที่ 0.1 - ความสัมพันธ์ของบิตคอยน์กับ S&P 500 มีความผันผวนมากกว่าทองคำ โดยมีช่วงเวลาที่ความสัมพันธ์พุ่งสูงขึ้น และลดลงต่ำกว่าศูนย์ - โดยรวมแล้ว กราฟแสดงให้เห็นว่า บิตคอยน์และทองคำมีความสัมพันธ์ต่ำกับ S&P 500 ซึ่งบ่งชี้ว่าสินทรัพย์เหล่านี้สามารถใช้เป็นเครื่องมือกระจายความเสี่ยงในพอร์ตการลงทุนได้ **หมายเหตุ:** - ผลการดำเนินงานของราคา Spot และดัชนีไม่ได้สะท้อนถึงค่าธรรมเนียมการจัดการ ต้นทุนการทำธุรกรรม หรือค่าใช้จ่ายใดๆ ดัชนีไม่ได้รับการจัดการและไม่สามารถลงทุนในดัชนีได้โดยตรง ผลการดำเนินงานในอดีตไม่ได้รับประกันผลลัพธ์ในอนาคต 1. ความสัมพันธ์แบบเลื่อน 6 เดือนของผลตอบแทนรายสัปดาห์ของบิตคอยน์และทองคำกับ S&P 500 ตั้งแต่วันที่ 1 มกราคม 2015 ถึง 31 กรกฎาคม 2024 *(ที่มา: Bloomberg Bitcoin Spot Price, Bloomberg Gold Spot Price, S&P Global, และการคำนวณของ BlackRock ณ วันที่ 31 กรกฎาคม 2024)* 2. ความสัมพันธ์โดยเฉลี่ยแบบเลื่อน 6 เดือนของผลตอบแทนรายสัปดาห์ของบิตคอยน์และทองคำกับ S&P 500 ในช่วงเวลาที่แสดง (1 มกราคม 2015 ถึง 31 กรกฎาคม 2024) ในฐานะทางเลือกทางการเงินแบบกระจายอำนาจ บิตคอยน์ไม่ขึ้นกับรัฐบาลใดและเป็นสิ่งแรกที่ได้รับการยอมรับอย่างกว้างขวางทั่วโลก ไม่มีความเสี่ยงจากคู่สัญญาแบบดั้งเดิม ไม่ขึ้นอยู่กับระบบส่วนกลาง และไม่ได้ถูกขับเคลื่อนโดยโชคชะตาของประเทศใดประเทศหนึ่ง⁷ คุณสมบัติเหล่านี้ทำให้เป็นสินทรัพย์ที่แยกตัวออกจากปัจจัยเสี่ยงสำคัญบางอย่างทางเศรษฐกิจมหภาค รวมถึงวิกฤตระบบธนาคาร วิกฤตหนี้สาธารณะ การลดค่าเงิน ความไม่สงบทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ และความเสี่ยงทางการเมืองและเศรษฐกิจเฉพาะของแต่ละประเทศ ในระยะยาววิถีการยอมรับบิตคอยน์มีแนวโน้มที่จะถูกขับเคลื่อนด้วยระดับความกังวลที่เพิ่มขึ้นและลดลงเกี่ยวกับความไม่มั่นคงทางการเงินโลก ความไม่ลงรอยกันทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ ความยั่งยืนทางการคลังของสหรัฐฯ และเสถียรภาพทางการเมืองของสหรัฐฯ นักลงทุนบางรายมองว่าบิตคอยน์เป็นสินทรัพย์ปลอดภัยในช่วงเวลาที่เกิดความกลัวท่ามกลางเหตุการณ์สำคัญๆ ที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อโลกในช่วงห้าปีที่ผ่านมา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง ในบางกรณี บิตคอยน์แสดงปฏิกิริยาเชิงลบชั่วคราวก่อนที่จะฟื้นตัวในภายหลัง ปฏิกิริยาการซื้อขายระยะสั้นเหล่านี้ ซึ่งมักจะอธิบายได้ยากตามปัจจัยพื้นฐาน อาจเป็นผลมาจากการรวมกันของ: - i. บิตคอยน์เป็นสินทรัพย์ที่ซื้อขายได้ตลอด 24 ชั่วโมง 7 วันต่อสัปดาห์ และสามารถชำระเป็นเงินสดได้เกือบจะในทันที ทำให้เป็นสินทรัพย์ที่ขายได้ง่ายในช่วงเวลาที่สภาพคล่องในตลาดแบบดั้งเดิมตึงตัว โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วงสุดสัปดาห์ - ii. ลักษณะที่ยังยังไม่เติบโตเต็มที่ของตลาดบิตคอยน์และสินทรัพย์คริปโต และความเข้าใจของนักลงทุนเกี่ยวกับบิตคอยน์ ในกรณีส่วนใหญ่ รวมถึงการเทขายในตลาดโลกเมื่อเร็วๆ นี้ในวันที่ 5 สิงหาคม 2024 บิตคอยน์ได้ฟื้นตัวกลับไปสู่ระดับก่อนหน้าภายในไม่กี่วันหรือไม่กี่สัปดาห์ และในหลายกรณีได้ปรับตัวสูงขึ้น เนื่องจากการรับรู้ถึงผลกระทบเชิงบวกที่อาจเกิดขึ้นจากเหตุการณ์สำคัญๆ ดังกล่าวต่อปัจจัยพื้นฐานของบิตคอยน์เริ่มมีอิทธิพลเหนือกว่า # S&P 500, ทองคำ, และบิตคอยน์ผ่านเหตุการณ์สำคัญทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ ตารางแสดงผลตอบแทนของดัชนี S&P 500, ทองคำ, และบิตคอยน์ ในช่วง 10 วัน และ 60 วัน หลังจากเหตุการณ์สำคัญทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ต่างๆ  **ข้อสังเกต:** - บิตคอยน์มักจะมีผลตอบแทนที่ดีกว่า S&P 500 และทองคำ ในช่วง 60 วัน หลังจากเหตุการณ์สำคัญทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ เช่น การยกระดับความตึงเครียดระหว่างสหรัฐฯ-อิหร่าน การระบาดของ COVID-19 และวิกฤตการณ์ธนาคารระดับภูมิภาคของสหรัฐฯ - ในบางกรณี บิตคอยน์แสดงปฏิกิริยาเชิงลบในช่วง 10 วันแรก ก่อนที่จะฟื้นตัวและปรับตัวสูงขึ้นในช่วง 60 วัน เช่น การรุกรานยูเครนของรัสเซีย - ผลตอบแทนของบิตคอยน์มีความผันผวนมากกว่า S&P 500 และทองคำ ในช่วงเวลาที่เกิดเหตุการณ์สำคัญทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ **หมายเหตุ:** - ผลการดำเนินงานของราคา Spot และดัชนีมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อประกอบการอธิบายเท่านั้น และไม่ได้สะท้อนถึงค่าธรรมเนียมการจัดการ ต้นทุนการทำธุรกรรม หรือค่าใช้จ่ายใดๆ ดัชนีไม่ได้รับการจัดการและไม่สามารถลงทุนในดัชนีได้โดยตรง ผลการดำเนินงานในอดีตไม่ได้รับประกันผลลัพธ์ในอนาคต การเปรียบเทียบการลงทุนมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อประกอบการอธิบายเท่านั้น - [1] รัฐบาลสหรัฐฯ สังหารนายพล Qasem Soleimani ของอิหร่านในการโจมตีด้วยโดรนเมื่อวันที่ 3 มกราคม 2020 ซึ่งนำไปสู่การยกระดับความตึงเครียดระหว่างสหรัฐฯ-อิหร่านในเวลาต่อมา *(ที่มา: Council on Foreign Relations)* ดัชนี Dow Jones Industrial Average ลดลง 10% ในวันที่ 11 มีนาคม 2020 ท่ามกลางความกลัว COVID-19 ซึ่งเป็นการลดลงครั้งร้ายแรงที่สุดของดัชนีนับตั้งแต่ Black Monday ในปี 1987 *(ที่มา: CNBC)* การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐฯ ปี 2020 จัดขึ้นในวันที่ 3 พฤศจิกายน 2020 (ที่มา: Pew Research) ในวันที่ 24 กุมภาพันธ์ 2022 รัสเซียเปิดฉากการรุกรานยูเครนทางบก ทางทะเล และทางอากาศอย่างเต็มรูปแบบ *(ที่มา: Council on Foreign Relations)* ในวันที่ 9 มีนาคม 2023 ผู้ฝากเงินเริ่มถอนเงิน 42 พันล้านดอลลาร์จาก Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) ซึ่งถือเป็นการแห่ถอนเงินจากธนาคารครั้งใหญ่ที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์สหรัฐฯ SVB ถูกยึดโดยหน่วยงานกำกับดูแลของรัฐบาลกลางในวันที่ 10 มีนาคม 2023 ในขณะนั้น การล่มสลายของ SVB เป็นการล้มเหลวของธนาคารสหรัฐฯ ครั้งใหญ่เป็นอันดับสอง *(ที่มา: WSJ)* หุ้นญี่ปุ่นร่วงลงอย่างรวดเร็วในวันที่ 5 สิงหาคม 2024 ในการร่วงลงรายวันที่ใหญ่ที่สุดนับตั้งแต่ Black Monday ในปี 1987 สะท้อนถึงผลกระทบจากการตัดสินใจขึ้นอัตราดอกเบี้ยของธนาคารกลางญี่ปุ่นและการคลี่คลายของ Carry Trade ที่ได้รับทุนจากเงินเยนในเวลาต่อมา บิตคอยน์ลดลง 7% ใน 24 ชั่วโมง ก่อนที่จะฟื้นตัวจากการขาดทุนในวันที่ 5 สิงหาคม ภายในวันที่ 8 สิงหาคม 2024 *(ที่มา: Reuters)* - [2] ผลตอบแทนปัดเศษเป็นเปอร์เซ็นต์ที่ใกล้ที่สุด สีชมพูหมายถึงผลตอบแทนติดลบ สีเหลืองหมายถึงผลตอบแทนระหว่าง 0% ถึง 10% สีเขียวหมายถึงผลตอบแทนมากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ 10% *(ที่มา: Bloomberg Bitcoin Spot Price และ Bloomberg Gold Spot Price ณ วันที่ 22 สิงหาคม 2024)* - [3] ยังไม่ครบ 60 วัน ณ เวลาที่เผยแพร่ # พลวัตหนี้ของสหรัฐฯ กลับมาเป็นจุดสนใจอีกครั้ง ความกังวลที่เพิ่มขึ้นในสหรัฐฯ และต่างประเทศเกี่ยวกับสถานะการขาดดุลและหนี้ของรัฐบาลกลางสหรัฐฯ ได้เพิ่มความน่าสนใจของสินทรัพย์สำรองทางเลือกที่อาจเกิดขึ้น เพื่อเป็นเครื่องมือป้องกันความเสี่ยงจากเหตุการณ์ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในอนาคตซึ่งส่งผลกระทบต่อเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐฯ พลวัตนี้ดูเหมือนจะเกิดขึ้นในประเทศอื่นๆ ที่มีการสะสมหนี้จำนวนมากเช่นกัน จากประสบการณ์ของ BlackRock กับลูกค้าจนถึงปัจจุบัน สิ่งนี้อธิบายถึงส่วนสำคัญของความสนใจของสถาบันต่างๆ ที่เพิ่มขึ้นในบิตคอยน์เมื่อเร็วๆ นี้ ## การเติบโตของหนี้ของสหรัฐฯ ที่เร่งตัวขึ้น กราฟแสดงการเปลี่ยนแปลงของหนี้ของรัฐบาลกลางสหรัฐฯ (หน่วย: ล้านล้านดอลลาร์) และการขาดดุล/ส่วนเกินของสหรัฐฯ (คิดเป็น % ของ GDP) ตั้งแต่ปี 1940 ถึง 2029  **ข้อสังเกต:** - หนี้ของรัฐบาลกลางสหรัฐฯ มีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่องตั้งแต่ปี 1940 โดยมีการเร่งตัวขึ้นอย่างมากในช่วงสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง วิกฤตเศรษฐกิจครั้งใหญ่ (Great Recession) และการระบาดของ COVID-19 - การขาดดุลของสหรัฐฯ มักจะเพิ่มขึ้นในช่วงเวลาที่เศรษฐกิจถดถอย เช่น ในช่วงสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง วิกฤตเศรษฐกิจครั้งใหญ่ และการระบาดของ COVID-19 - การคาดการณ์บ่งชี้ว่า หนี้ของรัฐบาลกลางสหรัฐฯ จะยังคงเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่องในอนาคต และการขาดดุลจะยังคงอยู่ในระดับสูง **หมายเหตุ:** อ้างอิงจากข้อมูลย้อนหลังตั้งแต่ปี 1940 ถึง 2023 และการประมาณการสำหรับปี 2024 ถึง 2029 *(ที่มา: สำนักงานงบประมาณและการจัดการ ตารางประวัติศาสตร์ สรุปของรายรับ รายจ่าย และส่วนเกินหรือขาดดุล (-) เป็นเปอร์เซ็นต์ของ GDP: 1930-2029; สำนักงานงบประมาณและการจัดการ ตารางประวัติศาสตร์ หนี้ของรัฐบาลกลาง ณ สิ้นปี: 1940-2029; เข้าถึงเมื่อวันที่ 31 กรกฎาคม 2024)* # บิตคอยน์ยังคงเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีความเสี่ยง การวิเคราะห์ก่อนหน้านี้ไม่ได้ลบล้างความจริงที่ว่าตัวบิตคอยน์เองยังคงเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีความเสี่ยงอย่างมาก บิตคอยน์เป็นเทคโนโลยีที่เกิดใหม่ซึ่งยังอยู่ในช่วงเริ่มต้นของการเดินทางสู่การเป็นสินทรัพย์การชำระเงินระดับโลกและแหล่งเก็บมูลค่า บิตคอยน์ยังมีความผันผวนและมีความเสี่ยงมากมาย รวมถึงความท้าทายด้านกฎระเบียบ ความไม่แน่นอนเกี่ยวกับเส้นทางการยอมรับ และระบบนิเวศที่ยังไม่บรรลุนิติภาวะ อย่างไรก็ตาม ประเด็นสำคัญคือความเสี่ยงเหล่านี้มีลักษณะเฉพาะสำหรับบิตคอยน์และไม่ได้เกิดร่วมกับสินทรัพย์การลงทุนแบบดั้งเดิมอื่นๆ ดังนั้น บิตคอยน์จึงเป็นกรณีศึกษาที่ชัดเจนว่าทำไมกรอบ “Risk On” กับ “Risk Off” แบบง่ายๆ จึงอาจขาดความละเอียดอ่อนที่จะเป็นประโยชน์ในวงกว้าง จากมุมมองของพอร์ตการลงทุน บิตคอยน์ที่ถือครองในสัดส่วนที่พอเหมาะสามารถมีผลในการกระจายความเสี่ยงให้กับพอร์ตการลงทุน ในขณะที่การถือครองในสัดส่วนที่มากขึ้น ความผันผวนที่สูงของตัวมันเองจะเริ่มมีผลกระทบอย่างมากต่อการเพิ่มความเสี่ยงของพอร์ตการลงทุน⁸ - [8] ในอดีต ผลกระทบของการเพิ่มบิตคอยน์ในพอร์ตการลงทุนแบบดั้งเดิม 60/40 ของหุ้นและตราสารหนี้ตามลำดับ ในเปอร์เซ็นต์เลขหลักเดียวต่ำๆ มีผลกระทบเชิงบวกอย่างมากต่อ Sharpe Ratio (เช่นเดียวกับตัวชี้วัดอื่นๆ ของผลตอบแทนที่ปรับตามความเสี่ยง) ในขณะที่ในเปอร์เซ็นต์ที่มาก มันมีส่วนทำให้ความผันผวนของพอร์ตการลงทุนเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ หุ้นแสดงโดยการจัดสรรไปยังดัชนี MSCI ACWI Investable Market Index (IMI) ตราสารหนี้แสดงโดยการจัดสรรไปยังดัชนี Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond การจัดสรรไปยังบิตคอยน์ได้รับทุนจากหุ้น และสมมติว่าพอร์ตการลงทุนได้รับการปรับสมดุลทุกไตรมาส *(ที่มา: การวิเคราะห์ของ Bloomberg, Morningstar, และ BlackRock ตั้งแต่วันที่ 1 พฤษภาคม 2014 ถึง 30 เมษายน 2024)* Sharpe Ratio เป็นตัวชี้วัดผลตอบแทนต่อหน่วยของความเสี่ยง คำนวณโดยการลบอัตราปลอดความเสี่ยงออกจากผลตอบแทนรวมและหารผลลัพธ์ด้วยส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน Sharpe Ratio ที่สูงขึ้นหมายถึงประสิทธิภาพที่มากขึ้น # บทสรุป (Conclusion) ในขณะที่บิตคอยน์แสดงให้เห็นถึงกรณีของการเคลื่อนไหวร่วมกับหุ้นและ “สินทรัพย์เสี่ยง” อื่นๆ ในระยะสั้น แต่ในระยะยาว ปัจจัยพื้นฐานของบิตคอยน์นั้นแตกต่างอย่างสิ้นเชิง และในหลายกรณีกลับด้านกับสินทรัพย์การลงทุนแบบดั้งเดิมส่วนใหญ่ ในขณะที่ชุมชนนักลงทุนทั่วโลกกำลังเผชิญกับความตึงเครียดทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ที่เพิ่มสูงขึ้น ความกังวลเกี่ยวกับสถานะหนี้และการขาดดุลของสหรัฐฯ และความไม่มั่นคงทางการเมืองที่เพิ่มขึ้นทั่วโลก บิตคอยน์อาจถูกมองว่าเป็นเครื่องมือกระจายความเสี่ยงที่ไม่เหมือนใคร ที่สามารถป้องกันปัจจัยเสี่ยงทางการคลัง การเงิน และภูมิรัฐศาสตร์บางอย่างที่นักลงทุนอาจเผชิญในส่วนอื่นๆ ของพอร์ตการลงทุน ## Contributors - Emily Fredrix Goodman - Wendy Hu - Ashley Saidler -  ## ส่วนเพิ่มเติมโดยผู้แปล "Risk On" กับ "Risk Off" เป็นศัพท์แสลงที่ใช้ในแวดวงการเงิน เพื่ออธิบายถึงความรู้สึกหรือความเชื่อมั่นของนักลงทุนต่อตลาด คล้ายกับการพูดว่า "ตลาดขาขึ้น" กับ "ตลาดขาลง" แต่มันลึกซึ้งกว่านั้นนิดหน่อย **Risk On (เปิดรับความเสี่ยง):** หมายถึงช่วงเวลาที่นักลงทุนรู้สึกมองโลกในแง่ดี มั่นใจในเศรษฐกิจและพร้อมที่จะลงทุนในสินทรัพย์ที่มีความเสี่ยงสูง เพื่อหวังผลตอบแทนที่สูงขึ้น - **ตัวอย่างสินทรัพย์ Risk On:** หุ้น, สินค้าโภคภัณฑ์, สกุลเงินดิจิทัล - **ลักษณะของช่วง Risk On:** เศรษฐกิจเติบโต, อัตราดอกเบี้ยต่ำ, สภาพคล่องสูง, ความผันผวนต่ำ **Risk Off (ปิดรับความเสี่ยง):** หมายถึงช่วงเวลาที่นักลงทุนรู้สึกมองโลกในแง่ร้าย กังวลเกี่ยวกับเศรษฐกิจและต้องการหลีกเลี่ยงความเสี่ยง โดยหันไปลงทุนในสินทรัพย์ที่ปลอดภัยกว่า แม้ว่าผลตอบแทนจะต่ำ - ตัวอย่างสินทรัพย์ Risk Off: พันธบัตรรัฐบาล, ทองคำ - ลักษณะของช่วง Risk Off: เศรษฐกิจถดถอย, อัตราดอกเบี้ยสูง, สภาพคล่องต่ำ, ความผันผวนสูง เปรียบเทียบง่ายๆ อย่างคุณกำลังเล่นเกม ถ้าคุณ "Risk On" คุณก็พร้อมที่จะเดิมพันสูง หวังรางวัลใหญ่ แต่ถ้าคุณ "Risk Off" คุณจะเล่นแบบระมัดระวัง รักษาเงินต้นไว้ก่อน ในกรณีของบิตคอยน์ เอกสารที่แปลบอกว่าบิตคอยน์ไม่สามารถจัดประเภทเป็นสินทรัพย์ "Risk On" หรือ "Risk Off" ได้อย่างชัดเจน เพราะมันมีปัจจัยขับเคลื่อนที่แตกต่างจากสินทรัพย์แบบดั้งเดิม บางครั้ง มันอาจเคลื่อนไหวไปในทิศทางเดียวกับสินทรัพย์เสี่ยง แต่บางครั้งก็ตรงกันข้าม ขึ้นอยู่กับสถานการณ์และความรู้สึกของตลาด หวังว่าคำอธิบายนี้จะช่วยให้เข้าใจ "Risk On" กับ "Risk Off" ได้ง่ายขึ้นนะครับ ----------- ## ส่วนท้ายของต้นฉบับ การลงทุนมีความเสี่ยงสูง รวมถึงการสูญเสียเงินต้นที่เป็นไปได้ การลงทุนในทรัสต์ไม่เหมาะสำหรับนักลงทุนทุกราย อาจถือเป็นการเก็งกำไร และไม่ได้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเป็นโปรแกรมการลงทุนที่สมบูรณ์ การลงทุนในหุ้นควรพิจารณาเฉพาะบุคคลที่สามารถรับความเสี่ยงจากการสูญเสียทั้งหมดที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการลงทุนในทรัสต์ iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF ไม่ใช่บริษัทลงทุนที่จดทะเบียนภายใต้พระราชบัญญัติบริษัทลงทุนปี 1940 ดังนั้นจึงไม่อยู่ภายใต้ข้อกำหนดด้านกฎระเบียบเช่นเดียวกับกองทุนรวมหรือ ETF ที่จดทะเบียนภายใต้พระราชบัญญัติบริษัทลงทุนปี 1940 ทรัสต์ไม่ใช่กลุ่มสินค้าโภคภัณฑ์ตามวัตถุประสงค์ของพระราชบัญญัติการแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้าโภคภัณฑ์ ก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุน คุณควรพิจารณาปัจจัยเสี่ยงและข้อมูลอื่นๆ ที่รวมอยู่ในหนังสือชี้ชวนอย่างรอบคอบ การลงทุนในสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลมีความเสี่ยงสูง เนื่องจากความผันผวนของราคาที่รุนแรง และโอกาสที่จะสูญเสีย ถูกโจรกรรม หรือการถูกบุกรุกคีย์ส่วนตัว มูลค่าของหุ้นเชื่อมโยงอย่างใกล้ชิดกับการยอมรับ การพัฒนาอุตสาหกรรม และการเปลี่ยนแปลงการกำกับดูแล ทำให้มีความอ่อนไหวต่อความเชื่อมั่นของตลาด สินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลเป็นตัวแทนของอุตสาหกรรมใหม่และมีการพัฒนาอย่างรวดเร็ว และมูลค่าของหุ้นขึ้นอยู่กับการยอมรับ การเปลี่ยนแปลงในการกำกับดูแลของเครือข่ายสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลอาจไม่ได้รับการสนับสนุนเพียงพอจากผู้ใช้และนักขุด ซึ่งอาจส่งผลเสียต่อความสามารถของเครือข่ายสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลนั้นในการเติบโตและตอบสนองต่อความท้าทาย การลงทุนในทรัสต์มีความเสี่ยงที่อาจส่งผลกระทบต่อมูลค่าหุ้นของทรัสต์ รวมถึงการขายในวงกว้างโดยนักลงทุนรายใหญ่ ภัยคุกคามด้านความปลอดภัยเช่นการละเมิดและการแฮ็ก ความเชื่อมั่นเชิงลบในหมู่นักเก็งกำไร และการแข่งขันจากสกุลเงินดิจิทัลของธนาคารกลางและโครงการทางการเงินที่ใช้เทคโนโลยีบล็อกเชน การหยุดชะงักของอินเทอร์เน็ตหรือเครือข่ายสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลจะส่งผลต่อความสามารถในการโอนสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล และส่งผลกระทบต่อมูลค่าของสินทรัพย์ ไม่สามารถรับประกันได้ว่าขั้นตอนด้านความปลอดภัยที่ออกแบบมาเพื่อปกป้องสินทรัพย์ของทรัสต์จะทำงานได้ตามที่ออกแบบไว้จริง หรือพิสูจน์ได้ว่าประสบความสำเร็จในการปกป้องสินทรัพย์ของทรัสต์จากแหล่งที่มาของการโจรกรรม การสูญเสีย หรือความเสียหายที่เป็นไปได้ทั้งหมด การซื้อและขายหุ้นของ ETP อาจส่งผลให้เกิดค่าคอมมิชชั่นนายหน้า เอกสารนี้นำเสนอการประเมินสภาพแวดล้อมของตลาด ณ วันที่ระบุ อาจมีการเปลี่ยนแปลง และไม่ได้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเป็นการคาดการณ์เหตุการณ์ในอนาคตหรือรับประกันผลลัพธ์ในอนาคต ผู้อ่านไม่ควรใช้ข้อมูลนี้เป็นการวิจัยหรือคำแนะนำในการลงทุนเกี่ยวกับกองทุน ผู้ออกตราสาร หรือหลักทรัพย์ใดๆ โดยเฉพาะ กลยุทธ์ที่กล่าวถึงมีไว้เพื่อวัตถุประสงค์ในการอธิบายและให้ความรู้เท่านั้น และไม่ใช่คำแนะนำ ข้อเสนอ หรือการชักชวนให้ซื้อหรือขายหลักทรัพย์ใดๆ หรือเพื่อใช้กลยุทธ์การลงทุนใดๆ ไม่มีการรับประกันว่ากลยุทธ์ใดๆ ที่กล่าวถึงจะมีประสิทธิภาพ การกระจายความเสี่ยงและการจัดสรรสินทรัพย์อาจไม่สามารถป้องกันความเสี่ยงของตลาดหรือการสูญเสียเงินต้นได้ ข้อมูลที่นำเสนอไม่ได้คำนึงถึงค่าคอมมิชชั่น ผลกระทบทางภาษี หรือต้นทุนการทำธุรกรรมอื่นๆ ซึ่งอาจส่งผลกระทบอย่างมากต่อผลกระทบทางเศรษฐกิจของกลยุทธ์หรือการตัดสินใจลงทุนที่กำหนด เอกสารนี้มีข้อมูลทั่วไปเท่านั้น และไม่ได้คำนึงถึงสถานการณ์ทางการเงินของแต่ละบุคคล ไม่ควรใช้ข้อมูลนี้เป็นพื้นฐานหลักในการตัดสินใจลงทุน แต่ควรประเมินว่าข้อมูลนั้นเหมาะสมกับสถานการณ์ของแต่ละบุคคลหรือไม่ และควรพิจารณาพูดคุยกับผู้เชี่ยวชาญทางการเงินก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุน ข้อมูลที่ให้ไว้ไม่ได้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเป็นคำแนะนำด้านภาษี ควรกระตุ้นให้นักลงทุนปรึกษาผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านภาษีหรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญทางการเงินของตน เพื่อขอข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับสถานการณ์ภาษีเฉพาะของตน จัดทำโดย BlackRock Investments, LLC, สมาชิก FINRA ©2024 BlackRock, Inc. หรือบริษัทในเครือ สงวนลิขสิทธิ์ BLACKROCK และ iSHARES เป็นเครื่องหมายการค้าของ BlackRock, Inc. หรือบริษัทในเครือ เครื่องหมายการค้าอื่นๆ ทั้งหมดเป็นของเจ้าของที่เกี่ยวข้อง **ไม่ควรพิมพ์หรือแจกจ่ายเอกสารนี้ เว้นแต่จะนำหน้าหรือแนบมากับหนังสือชี้ชวน**

@ 599f67f7:21fb3ea9

### ¿Qué es una dirección Lightning o Lightning address? Una dirección Lightning es una dirección que visualmente se asemeja a una dirección de correo electrónico legible para los humanos, por ejemplo usuario@dominio.com pero que en realidad te permite recibir pagos en bitcoin instantáneos y económicos, sin la necesidad de tener un nodo en linea en tu dispositivo ni tener que generar facturas de forma manual cada vez que alguien te quiere hacer un pago. ¿Suena bien no? ### ¿Y cómo funciona? Funciona utilizando el [protocolo de pago LNURL](https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/legacy/lnurl-pay.md). Aquí se muestra un sencillo esquema de lo que ocurre en segundo plano. En resumen, cuando otro usuario quiere pagarte usando tu dirección Lightning, tu billetera convierte la dirección Lightning en una solicitud de pago LNURL. Luego se utiliza esa solicitud de pago LNURL exitosa para obtener una factura BOLT11. 💡 Dirección Lightning > LNURLp > Factura BOLT 11. ### Suena bien, pero ¿cuál es el problema? Por el momento, muchas de las implementaciones de Lightning Address son de custodia, porque se necesita un dominio para que Lightning Address funcione y un nodo que esté siempre en línea para recibir los pagos. Debido a que es de custodia, el custodio puede atacarte en cualquier momento y monitorear tus transacciones. Tienes que confiar en el propietario del dominio para no cambiar el registro de tu dirección Lightning. Y no funciona si el servidor LNURL no está en línea. Bitcoin Txoko ofrece una sencilla solución de Lightning Address respaldada por [LNbits](https://lnbits.com/). Esto también es de custodia, así que por favor mantén solo una pequeña cantidad en tu billetera Bitcoin Txoko y ve retirando a tu billetera de autocustodia a medida que recibas más sats. ### Estoy listo, ¿qué necesito para empezar? ¡Todo lo que necesitas es un teléfono móvil o un ordenador y una conexión a Internet! ### 1. Creando tu billetera Si aún no lo has hecho, navega a https://bitcointxoko.com y crea una nueva billetera. Puedes elegir el nombre que quieras. ### 2. Activar extensiones Hace falta la extensión `Pay Links` para que las direcciones Lightning funcionen. Abre `Extensiones` en la barra de herramientas y activa `Pay Links`. ### 3. Creando tu enlace de pago - En a la extensión `Pay Links`, haz clic en `New Pay Link`. - Elige la billetera que has creado. - Para la descripción del artículo, puedes escribir lo que quieras. - Elige un nombre de usuario de tu dirección Lightning. Tu dirección Lightning se verá como `username@bitcointxoko.com`. - Desmarque `Fixed amount` y cambia el valor mínimo a 1 y el valor máximo a 500000. ⚠️ También puedes cambiar el valor máximo a algo más alto, pero es más probable que los pagos más grandes fallen debido a la limitada capacidad de entrada del [nodo Lightning de Bitcoin Txoko](https://amboss.space/node/03fb64900a7647b4499a88a6c30976333074dad3bb7702d0219bd84dc4ac4a241e). Así que recomendamos mantenerlo en 500000 sats. - Ahora abre `Advanced options` y cambia `Comment maximum characters` a 799. Este paso no es necesario pero permite más funcionalidades más adelante. - Marca `Enable nostr zaps` en la parte inferior, para que puedas utilizar tu dirección Lightning para recibir zaps. - Las demás opciones avanzadas son opcionales, puedes configurarlas si quieres o dejarlas en blanco.  Al final debería verse algo así. - Cuando hayas comprobado que todo es correcto, sigue adelante y haz clic en `Create Pay Link`. ### Probando Puedes probar si tu nueva dirección Lightning funciona yendo a otra cartera, pulsando en `Enviar` y escribiendo tu dirección Lightning como destino, y luego enviándote una pequeña cantidad de sats. Vuelve a tu billetera Bitcoin Txoko y comprueba si has recibido tu propio pago. Es posible que tengas que actualizar la página. Si todo funcionó correctamente, ¡enhorabuena! 🥳 Si no es así, háznoslo saber. Siempre estamos aquí para ayudar. ### Próximos pasos #### Nostr zaps Puedes añadir tu dirección Bitcoin Txoko Lightning a tu perfil de nostr y usarla para recibir zaps. Normalmente, esto se hace yendo a `Perfil` > `Editar` > `Dirección Lightning` y cambiando la dirección Lightning. #### LNDhub Puedes importar tu billetera LNbits como un LNDhub en tu teléfono utilizando una aplicación como [Zeus](https://zeusln.app/) o [BlueWallet](https://bluewallet.io/), en lugar de visitar la billetera en el navegador cada vez que desees comprobar tu saldo o realizar un pago. Echa un vistazo a nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqkvlvlma7a55ccp6d5rrdc27h3ssmdmael286mjaq5uxmqslk04fqqxnzd3exuerqdfkxccnyv3cs0uvul sobre cómo hacer esto. #### Código QR También puedes compartir o imprimir tu código QR LNURLp para que la gente pueda escanearlo fácilmente con sus teléfonos. ¡Muy útil si estás introduciendo bitcoin a tu comerciante local favorito para que pueda recibir propinas Lightning! Simplemente comparte el enlace a tu página compartida, o imprime el código QR como PDF yendo a `View Link` > `Print`.

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

Not much new this update, mostly just bug fixes The update is available at [nostrudel.ninja](https://nostrudel.ninja) and hopefully Start9 and umbrel shortly ### New Features - Add option to wipe wasm relay database - Add support for showing embedded HLS videos - Support pinning articles - Add relay discovery map - Add option to disable keyboard shortcuts - Hide avatars of muted users - Add bookmark button to articles - Improve notifications timeline rendering performance ### Bug Fixes - Fix search results not being cached - Fix amber signer missing pubkey - Fix some tidal embeds not playing - Fix bookmark view not showing latest bookmarks - Fix client sending filters with empty #a tags - Fix client tag breaking POW on notes - Fix relay notes showing notes from other relays from cache - Fix keyboard shortcuts activating when replying to notification

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

# How to do curation and businesses on Nostr Suppose you want to start a Nostr business. You might be tempted to make a closed platform that reuses Nostr identities and grabs (some) content from the external Nostr network, only to imprison it inside your thing -- and then you're going to run an amazing AI-powered algorithm on that content and "surface" only the best stuff and people will flock to your app. This will be specially good if you're going after one of the many unexplored niches of Nostr in which reading immediately from people you know doesn't work as you generally want to discover new things from the outer world, such as: - food recipe sharing; - sharing of long articles about varying topics; - markets for used goods; - freelancer work and job offers; - specific in-game lobbies and matchmaking; - directories of accredited professionals; - sharing of original music, drawings and other artistic creations; - restaurant recommendations - and so on. But that is not the correct approach and damages the freedom and interoperability of Nostr, posing a centralization threat to the protocol. Even if it "works" and your business is incredibly successful it will just enshrine you as the head of a _platform_ that controls users and thus is prone to all the bad things that happen to all these platforms. Your company will start to display ads and shape the public discourse, you'll need a big legal team, the FBI will talk to you, advertisers will play a big role and so on. If you are interested in Nostr today that must be because you appreciate the fact that it is not owned by any companies, so it's safe to assume you don't want to be that company that owns it. **So what should you do instead?** Here's an idea in two steps: 1. **Write a Nostr client tailored to the niche you want to cover** If it's a music sharing thing, then the client will have a way to play the audio and so on; if it's a restaurant sharing it will have maps with the locations of the restaurants or whatever, you get the idea. Hopefully there will be a NIP or a NUD specifying how to create and interact with events relating to this niche, or you will write or contribute with the creation of one, because without interoperability this can't be Nostr. The client should work independently of any special backend requirements and ideally be open-source. It should have a way for users to configure to which relays they want to connect to see "global" content -- i.e., they might want to connect to `wss://nostr.chrysalisrecords.com/` to see only the latest music releases accredited by that label or to `wss://nostr.indiemusic.com/` to get music from independent producers from that community. 2. **Run a relay that does all the magic** This is where your value-adding capabilities come into play: if you have that magic sauce you should be able to apply it here. Your service -- let's call it `wss://magicsaucemusic.com/` -- will charge people or do some KYM (know your music) validation or use some very advanced AI sorcery to filter out the spam and the garbage and display the best content to your users who will request the global feed from it (`["REQ", "_", {}]`), and this will cause people to want to publish to your relay while others will want to read from it. You set your relay as the default option in the client and let things happen. Your relay is like your "website" and people are free to connect to it or not. You don't own the network, you're just competing against other websites on a leveled playing field, so you're not responsible for it. Users get seamless browsing across multiple websites, unified identities, a unified interface (that could be different in a different client) and social interaction capabilities that work in the same way for all, and **they do not depend on you, therefore they're more likely to trust you**. --- Does this centralize the network still? But this a simple and easy way to go about the matter and scales well in all aspects. Besides allowing users to connect to specific relays for getting a feed of curated content, such clients should also do all kinds of "social" (i.e. following, commenting etc) activities (if they choose to do that) using the outbox model -- i.e. if I find a musician I like under `wss://magicsaucemusic.com` and I decide to follow them I should keep getting updates from them even if they get banned from that relay and start publishing on `wss://nos.lol` or `wss://relay.damus.io` or whatever relay that doesn't even know anything about music. The hardcoded defaults and manual typing of relay URLs can be annoying. But I think it works well at the current stage of Nostr development. Soon, though, we can create events that recommend other relays or share relay lists specific to each kind of activity so users can get in-app suggestions of relays their friends are using to get their music from and so on. That kind of stuff can go a long way.

@ 06639a38:655f8f71

* Some small updates at [nostr-php.dev](http://nostr-php.dev) * [https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqrwzmjc5mz0efw9pty8p0r5lhjew789shct452pcgtuac4rc0qq6qqsgvtfguvqv9d64jyeuzfmvzxapz5gfk3wdcltmsq7cq7z775n3fqqan6ne3](https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqrwzmjc5mz0efw9pty8p0r5lhjew789shct452pcgtuac4rc0qq6qqsgvtfguvqv9d64jyeuzfmvzxapz5gfk3wdcltmsq7cq7z775n3fqqan6ne3) * Build a NIP-52 RSVP to Calendar Event Vue / Javascript component which is live on [https://nostrdam.com](https://nostrdam.com) * My Telegram bot Botstix returns my latest note from my personal relay (using the PHP Framework Symfony for this) * [https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qgewaehxw309ahx7um5wgh8xetzv9ehg6tc9ejx2a30qqs8z8ufkgnpejpalpwep7tzu4j53a5skd2tn6vkpeg3qh7h6as23jcx52ufe](https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qgewaehxw309ahx7um5wgh8xetzv9ehg6tc9ejx2a30qqs8z8ufkgnpejpalpwep7tzu4j53a5skd2tn6vkpeg3qh7h6as23jcx52ufe) * Fix issue were Nostr-PHP was installed as a dev dependency (which it is not) [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/61](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/61) * Raising sats at Geyser for our Nostr Booth initiative: [https://geyser.fund/project/nostrboothbitcoinamsterdam/](https://geyser.fund/project/nostrboothbitcoinamsterdam/)  * Proof of concept async requests with Http/Guzzle using this package [https://github.com/valtzu/guzzle-websocket-middleware](https://github.com/valtzu/guzzle-websocket-middleware) * Code snippet: [https://gist.github.com/Sebastix/857478b161af8074a5cfc22af13be54e](https://gist.github.com/Sebastix/857478b161af8074a5cfc22af13be54e)

@ 6871d8df:4a9396c1

A recent court ruling has thrust Google into the spotlight, sparking debate about its monopoly market position. The ruling centers on Google's deals over the last decade with device manufacturers, such as Apple and Samsung, which set Google as the default search engine on those devices operating systems. The court deemed these deals illegal because they argued they entrenched Google's monopoly. However, public discourse has quickly shifted from the ruling to the societal issues Google has created using its monopoly power. Frustrations are high, tides are turning, and the mob seems to be coming for their head. Many quickly accepted the ruling as obvious, but I remain skeptical whether it genuinely benefits consumers, the US business landscape, or free market capitalism in general. I disagree, not because Google doesn't have a bias problem – it does – but because government intervention often creates more problems than it solves. The internet's inherent decentralization and openness have introduced new business paradigms and unprecedented value creation on a global scale. We should ask whether this ruling — and its repercussions — helps or hinders innovation on the web or if our disdain for Google's bias justifies their downfall. ## Untangling the ruling It’s important to drill down into the court's ruling, which I believe has significant flaws. As I stated above, the ruling suggests that Google's deals with device manufacturers, like Apple, were unfair. But what should have happened instead? Manufacturers had valuable space to sell, and it's logical they would sell it to the highest bidder. As the market leader, Google naturally won these bids. The court's decision effectively penalizes _Apple_ for making a rational business choice, restricting its ability to sell this space to the highest bidder. I am having trouble understanding what the court proposes _should_ have happened as an alternative. In their fantasyland world where Apple and Google have the supposed moral clarity to see this would be controversial, what would have been okay? Should Apple, knowing Google was dominant, have just handed the space to a competitor out of goodwill? Should they have forced users to choose a default or randomly assign search engines each time the browser opens? Apple should only have to think about what’s the best experience for their customers, and this ruling puts that at risk. The court seems to be ignoring the most fundamental question they should be trying to answer: **What creates the best experience for consumers?** It would be one thing if customers were begging for something else, but Google snuffed out alternatives at every turn. Instead, the court suggests that Apple should have deliberately chosen an inferior product to avoid giving Google a leg up. But penalizing companies for making smart business decisions doesn't help consumers—_it just creates artificial competition._ Given a choice, how many would still select Google as their default search engine? What truly changes in a world where Apple can't sell this space? Societal habits have Google ingrained as the default search engine. It's a verb that translates to "searching the web." The consequences of this ruling may affect Apple more than Google. It's taking considerable revenue opportunities off the table without significantly impacting Google's dominance, as most consumers would likely choose Google anyway. ### Didn't consumers already have a choice? What I also find strange about the disconnect between reality and the ruling is that in terms of mobile, **users already have a choice.** The deals the court found problematic never stipulated that Apple had to force or compel users to use Google under this deal; it was simply a default. There was never a gun to users' heads punishing them for changing their search preferences; it's a simple setting switch. If the search engine did not fulfill their needs, there was no obligation for use. The court's ruling threatens business success by penalizing a company for simply making an obvious business decision. A business decision that never forced or compelled a user into using a specific service, only what showed up on startup. The user was always free to choose alternative services if they felt the default didn't fulfill their needs. Interestingly enough, very rarely does anyone feel the need to make the switch. Consumers stay because Google is clearly the best product. People aren’t clamoring for an alternative; they have plenty and have never needed to abandon Google in mass. ### Has Antitrust ever helped? Okay, maybe the courts just got this wrong, especially given that antitrust interventions have appeared to "work" in the past. But have they really? Take the Microsoft ruling, for example. In 2000, a court ruled that Microsoft had monopoly power in the PC operating system market, ruling that its OS business practices stifled competition. The initial ruling ordered Microsoft to split into two companies: one for its operating system and one for its software apps. However, in 2001, a settlement was reached where Microsoft agreed to share its APIs, allow oversight, and give PC manufacturers more flexibility. But what if this ruling never happened, and Microsoft won the case? In theory, Windows and Internet Explorer would have been able to continue their dominance unchecked; would the world today look any different? My thesis is **no**. I think the world would look very similar to today, and it's because, in the grand scheme of things, those applications had little relevance in what came next: **Apple ate their lunch.** Burdened by its size and market dominance, Microsoft missed the next wave of innovation: mobile. The mobile revolution vastly improved the computer experience, solving consumer problems in new ways. Microsoft's operating system couldn't adapt effectively to mobile, and despite their efforts, they couldn't maintain their dominance or even gain a meaningful sliver of the market. If courts didn't force Microsoft to open up Windows, Internet Explorer would likely still be irrelevant today. I haven't owned a PC in over a decade because, for me, Apple makes superior products. The antitrust ruling didn't pave the way for Apple— **Steve Jobs did that by making something substantially superior.** Steve wasn't concerned with building a slightly better browser; he aimed to revolutionize the _entire ecosystem_. The mistake is believing entrepreneurs have the right to market share. What is the point in building a product that adds no additional tangible value to one already being supplied by a market incumbent? You may have the right to compete, but why waste your time if you aren't going to fill a significant gap in the market? Instead, the focus should be on developing products that _add substantial value to users_, not on refighting battles over markets already won. ### Cui Bono? If the most critical innovators of our generation aren't benefiting from these regulations, who is? For this, there's no better place to look than the EU, which has taken a much more heavy-handed approach to regulating the internet. But has this regulation helped their business community? The answer appears to be no. I can count thriving European internet companies on one hand—and even those, like Spotify, Adyen, and Klarna, rely on US markets for a large portion of their revenue. These companies also face little competition from within Europe. The EU has embraced heavy regulation with often inefficient results. For example, they recently posted a photo celebrating the completion of AI regulation despite having few AI startups to show for it. This irony didn't go unnoticed and quickly became a meme. [https://x.com/ThierryBreton/status/1733256557448630344](https://x.com/ThierryBreton/status/1733256557448630344) However, even if we narrow our focus back to Google, European regulators have already taken significant action regarding their business practices. Over the last decade, they have already imposed a series of antitrust fines on Google: - Google Shopping Case (2017): €2.42 billion ($2.7 billion) for favoring its own price comparison shopping service in search results. - Android Case (2018): Originally €4.3 billion, reduced to €4.1 billion in 2022, for illegal practices related to Android mobile devices. - AdSense Case (2019): €1.49 billion ($1.7 billion) for restrictive contract clauses with third-party websites. In total, the EU has fined Google over €8 billion ($8.6 billion), not including the additional fines in France totaling $864 million for failing to negotiate in "good faith" with news organizations. What have any of these cases done to "help competition and consumers" in Europe? Did these rulings improve the experience of the web for European citizens? The Android case is a perfect parallel to the recent US ruling. In 2018, an EU court found them guilty of abusing their dominant position in search and browser markets by adding it as a default on Android phones. Six years later, what has this €4.1 billion fine done for European search and browser competition? I'll save you the research; it's obviously [_nothing_](https://www.perplexity.ai/search/since-the-eu-fined-google-for-gzYheNyJSsOgQfK7JSjLJA#0). There are no new search or browser companies in Europe, and existing companies have barely picked up any ground. Google is still dominant, and users still largely prefer and use Google. These massive fines have done little to promote competition or consumer experience and, instead, have lined mainly the pockets of lawyers and bureaucrats. **The money is going to the wrong people.** It's hard to argue that the money the EU forced Google to spend on fines and years of legal battles was better spent there than if Google had used those resources for innovation and delivering more value to its customers. These actions are parasitic. Like the Microsoft ruling, the recent judgments on Google will likely achieve little beyond funneling capital into useless channels—thousands of hours, billions of dollars, and almost nothing to show for it. ### Earning Market Share Through Value, Not Regulation So, if not antitrust, how are companies supposed to succeed? This idea shouldn't be controversial, but **overtaking market share from an incumbent — especially a competent incumbent — _should_ be hard.** The Government shouldn't award market share because it seems 'fair'—real competition comes from creating something dramatically better, not just being in the game. For this to happen healthily, I subscribe to Peter Thiel's 10x principle: a product must be ten times better than existing alternatives to overtake an incumbent. Consumers won't switch for marginal improvements; they require true innovation. This principle drove Google's dominance in the early 2000s. Their superior search algorithm, which prioritized relevance and quality — primarily through its PageRank system — quickly set it apart from competitors like AltaVista and Yahoo! After surpassing those incumbents, newer rivals like Bing and DuckDuckGo could never reach parity, let alone surpass it by 10x. This reality held even when competitors had substantial backing, as in Bing's case. Google's superior product over a long time is why they won—and deserved to keep winning—the market. Capital should flow to where it can drive significant innovation and add value, not to companies satisfied with copycat products that are always a step behind. Market share should be earned, not regulated. Dominance is acceptable if the company keeps up with market trends and doesn't betray its customers. Lucky for entrepreneurs, dominance usually leads to stagnation, where an incumbent gets lazy with their market position. This creates opportunities for entrepreneurs to innovate and challenge these dominant players, which is the better way to dethrone market leaders. **Market incumbents should fall because they got lazy and failed to keep up with entrepreneurs innovating with next-generation technologies.** ### Taking down the frustrating behemoths So, without antitrust, how does the market correct people's frustration with Google's dominant position? **" When your enemy is in the process of destroying himself, don't interrupt him."** Google has had one of the most successful businesses of all time, capitalizing on the early Internet era and helping users efficiently find what they need. However, with recent developments in innovation, cracks are beginning to show. Google has become a giant bureaucratic machine and is slow and sloppy with its product releases. They have also not been shy about their obvious biases and political leanings. Over the past few years, entrepreneurs have noticed these vulnerabilities. Regarding bias, companies built on free speech — like Rumble and X — have risen and taken market share, built on providing a superior experience for freedom of expression. Companies at the leading edge of AI innovation are starting to chip away at their search market share, offering services that provide a 10x experience over traditional web search. Companies are also using these technologies in tandem. These free speech platforms no longer have to rely on Google because of improvements in AI and LLMs for search. For myself, companies like OpenAI, Perplexity, and Brave have already taken a significant portion of my search traffic. While I still use Google for specific tasks, most of my queries now go elsewhere. To me, this is a sign of things to come. Similar to Microsoft not keeping up with Apple in mobile, Google is behind in the battle in AI, with faster, more innovative competitors like OpenAI leading the way. Interestingly, Meta is also a market leader, seeing an opening to chip away at Google's lead by creating their own open-source models. These open-source models have empowered many startups to innovate and build superior search experiences to Google without having to focus on search themselves. **Market forces are already winning this battle, proving that true disruption comes from innovation, not regulation.** ### Why now? Since it's so clear to me that entrepreneurship and innovation will be the downfall of Google, as I feel it's happening in plain sight, I have to ask: **Why now?** Why is this ruling happening just as companies are on the cusp of innovating away Google's market dominance in search? This ruling is part of a broader global trend, where governments in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere are also ramping up regulation on Big Tech. From the EU's Digital Markets Act to China's crackdown on tech giants, there's growing momentum to curb the power of tech companies. But these actions often have unintended consequences, stifling the innovation driving our digital economy. Politicians know that taking on Big Tech plays well with voters, especially in an election year. With growing concerns about privacy, data control, and online bias, targeting companies like Google allows them to appear tough on monopolies. But behind the political posturing, these rulings do little to benefit consumers or the market, and that's what concerns me. **Rash actions set dangerous precedents, and we must ensure innovation is left to flourish.** Meanwhile, the tech landscape is rapidly evolving. Google's search dominance is already being challenged by companies like OpenAI and decentralized technologies focusing on digital sovereignty. Innovation, not regulation, is already shifting the balance of power. These newer companies are delivering the kinds of breakthroughs that consumers actually want, leaving Google scrambling to keep up. It may take longer than a draconian breakup from powerful bureaucrats, but the outcome will be better for technology, innovation, and consumers. We need a little _patience_—Google's time will come, and I believe we are seeing it happen naturally, without interference, right before our eyes.

@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848

This is the AI-generated transcript from Bitcoin Infinity Show #126 with Derek Ross, lightly cleaned up for clarity and readability. It might not be perfect, but it's pretty good! Check out <http://bitcoininfinity.com/> for all our books, merch, and more! # Welcoming Derek **Luke:** Derek, welcome to the Bitcoin Infinity Show. Thanks so much for joining us. **Derek:** Thanks for having me. **Knut:** Yeah. Hi. Glad to have you here, Derek. so let's start off with, the TLDR. who are you and why **Derek:** Well, it's, my dad liked Bo Derek, so he chose the name Derek. I don't know if we want to go that far back. # Introducing Derek Ross **Derek:** I fell in love with Nostr, back in December of, 2022 when Jack Dorsey, discovered Nostr when he was looking for projects to fund and a bunch of Bitcoin developers and Bitcoiners said, Hey, you should fund Nostr and check out Nostr. So a lot of Bitcoiners checked out Nostr at the same time too, and I found out that I could build Basic services on Nostr, because it was pretty simple to do so and add a few bells and whistles for people. I just really embraced the technology, really embraced what Nostr could mean for the world and started talking about Nostr And now, that's my passion. I love going around to conferences, Bitcoin conferences, building and growing Nostr, and that's kind of, I guess, brought me to you guys today. **Luke:** Yeah, I mean, we're here at Nostriga, basically the beginning of Nostriga. Still the morning has happened. Yes. But, this place is awesome. We had the Noob day yesterday, and you gave. Nostr 101 at the Noob Day, and so I don't think we need Nostr 101 for this audience necessarily, but can you at least do like a broad strokes of the important points of Nostr just so we have a little bit of a baseline? **Knut:** And # The Basics of Nostr **Derek:** Well, Nostr is decentralized and censorship resistant, and if that sounds familiar, it's because it shares a lot of the same ethos that Bitcoin shares. So I recognized immediately, you know, how important Bitcoin is for the world. Like I've been a Bitcoiner for a few years now, and I recognize that Nostr shares a lot of the same ethos, where it is censorship resistant, decentralized. You can control your social information similarly to Bitcoin, where you can control which financial rules you decide to run on your own node. So it gives you A lot of ownership over your financial transactions for Bitcoin. Nostr gives you a lot of ownership over your social transactions, so I really liked the correlation to the two that really resonated with me. it was really easy to understand if Bitcoin is the freedom to transact, then Nostr is the freedom to communicate, and I really liked that relationship. I really recognized that social media is broken and Nostr fixes a lot of that by giving the power and the choice back to users. I really think that that paired with a portable digital social identity that you own and you control for the very first time that you can take with you. To whatever application, whatever social application you want to use, it's just really unique because you can't log into Twitter, take your social graph and then log into TikTok with it. You know, you just can't do that now. Nostr, you could technically do that. You could have a video streaming app and you log into an audio streaming app or a podcast app or your general social app, and you have the same followers, the same social graph, your contact list, everything is all there. And that, that's really, really neat. And I think that that's a unique thing that we've never had before. you explain the social graph in a little bit of detail? Yeah. So your, your social graph is basically who you are social with. It's your, you know, your circle of friends, your followers, the people you interact with on a daily basis in traditional social media that varies from different app to app. You had, you would have to ask everybody. Hey, what's your Instagram account? I want to follow you there. What's your Twitter account? I want to follow you there. So your social graph is all of your, the people you interact with, the people you follow, the people that follow you. you're able to bring that with you with Nostr, no matter what app you sign into, all of that comes with you. that's all portable. your social circle, your social experience. **Luke:** Yeah. so the key feature of Nostr in that respect is this portability, but this is all still tied down by the, public private key cryptography similar to Bitcoin. In fact, it's the same, cryptography setup as Bitcoin. **Derek:** Yes. Yeah. Yeah. So just like Bitcoin, you know, you, you want to keep your private key safe. Nostr is the same way. Your private key unlocks access to your social identity, just like your Bitcoin private key unlocks access to your Bitcoin. So you want to keep them safe. You want to make sure that you're, you're practicing safe nsex and you're, you're storing your, Yeah, like, I like that dad joke. It's a good one. But you make sure that key is secure and you're not putting that key into random applications because like I said, it unlocks your identity. **Luke:** Yeah. I mean, I think on a practical level, that actually is kind of a scary thing in this early days of Nostr, because first of all, people who are into the Nostr environment early are going to get this extremely strong web of trust with other early Nostr users. **Derek:** Oh man, this is a fighting point. Like the Nostr is decentralized. So there's no correct way to say it. I've heard Nostr, Nostr, Nostra, like whatever you want. It's just like the logo. There's no official logo. You know, you can make a logo and you can use it. You can make your own saying and use it. **Luke:** Nostr actually seems like the **Derek:** say, **Knut:** we'll go with no **Derek:** I, you know, the next time you're gonna have somebody else in your show, they're gonna say Nostr. It's just how it is. **Luke:** Totally. # Trust, Reputation, and Identity **Luke:** I mean, the decentralization aspect of it, that's good. But the, so, okay, I think that the point I was getting at is that, yeah, these NSECs are really actually valuable in the sense of that, nothing is going to, from this point onward, if someone loses their NSEC, you're not really going to get back the same kind of network in the same way. **Derek:** yeah, that's a valid point. If I spent, let's say, a year building my reputation, building my web of trust, my social graph. And then I leak my NSEC accidentally, I have to start all over again, and that's going to be hard because I essentially lost the last year's worth of work. I lost all that proof of work. Now, people that know you and interact with you, people you've met in person, they'll immediately, transfer that trust to the new identity, but everybody else that doesn't physically know you, that's going to take time to rebuild that. **Luke:** Yeah, and, okay, this is, a point here. Why is it important to have this trust and reputation? Why does Nostr need that to work? **Derek:** Well, I think that, in Bitcoin, we say, don't trust verify. But, I think that a certain level of trust for certain social interactions has to happen. You know, if we're constantly afraid of interacting with other humans or, you know, stepping outside our comfort zone and being social with humans because we need verification, it just, paints a negative picture. It, I think that a certain level of Trust will allow us to be more human, more social because we do have to trust for certain aspects of life. And if we don't want a third party to have to KYC us and we have to play by all sorts of other rules, I think that our reputation becomes our identity. And that allows us to have all these new types of experiences, new types of interactions. Like if I wanted to sell something on Nostr. I have a lot of people that follow me and they say, Hey, I tried to sell something on Nostr and I wasn't able to do it. I said, Oh, I've sold stuff on Nostr. They're like, yeah, but you're Derek. And you have a lot of people that follow you. And then I've had people. Come to me and say, hey, can you reshare this item that I'm selling to gain exposure because I have a lot of people that follow me and I say, well, I don't know if I want to do that. I told a guy recently, I didn't know if I wanted to do that because I didn't know them. He wasn't in my web of trust and I didn't want to promote essentially his item that he was selling. Because I didn't know who he was. Now, if he was in my web of trust, maybe Luke, if you were selling something and you wanted me to, I know you, I I've interacted with you. Sure. You're in my web of trust. I will help you out. I will reshare the item you're selling. And I think that that type of trust in. You know, human interactions is okay. # Breaking Nostr **Knut:** one question I have about this whole thing and that, I still haven't wrapped my head around is like. It's super simple to fire up a cryptographic key pair. So, what's preventing basically DDoS attacks and someone firing up a ton of these and like,   **Derek:** there's essentially really nothing preventing it. We had a Bitcoin Core developer. Ron Stoner, I believe, recently. He decided to show this exact example. And he mined like four million end pubs and he sent a million of them to follow Will from Damus and just to show that, this is essentially an exploit. maybe, we need clients to start to look at low, I'll call them low value key, accounts that don't really follow anybody that have no credit. interactions, that look like they're spam because ultimately anybody can create an infinite number of new keys. Like that's just, that's kind of how it works. **Knut:** Yeah, I know Twitter's way of mitigating that is probably the blue check nowadays, like where they, I love that they kick the celebrities off of their high horses and like now everyone can get a blue check. It's just a small payment per month. I don't know if it's 8 or something, but as I understand it, that's the way to fight the bots because like you need to get above a threshold. **Derek:** And that kind of exists, in a way on Nostr. So Nostr has, it's not the same type of verification that you would have on Twitter because nothing is truly being verified except for A website exists that says this person has some way of updating a file on this webpage, it's a NIP05 Nostr address. **Luke:** Nostr Improvement Protocol, **Derek:** Improvement Protocol, or no, Nostr Implementation Possibility. Yes. because you don't have to implement it if you don't want to. If you don't want to implement it, you don't have to. And possibility was a miss, it was proposal I was thinking of, but yeah, possibility. Proposal. Yeah. that rings a bell. . Yeah, so, with these Nostr addresses, like, you can kind of have Some type of verification that somebody exists, but then bots could sit there and just spin up new accounts and constantly just verify themselves over and over and over again. So that's not a really good spam, mitigation technique. I think the best that we have right now is rate limiting and relays. being paid. It's kind of a paywall. So there's free relays that are public that anybody can write to. But then there is also the paid relays where maybe it's a monthly fee. Maybe it's a one time fee, yearly fee, but it's some type of paywall. # Nostr's Relay Architecture **Luke:** Can you lightly refresh the relay client, **Derek:** Sure, sure. So Clients are just like your web browser, or just like your email browser, your email client, your email application. They connect to relays that store all of your Nostr data. Relays are just like, servers, they're nodes, and they store all of your events, all your nodes, all your Nostr content. A client then connects to, All these different relays that a user would be utilizing and downloads or pulls the content from the relays. And then the user sends the content to the relays for other people to pull, to pull down. The relays are the real, real, like dumb part of Nostr. They don't really do anything overly exciting besides store and house information where clients are the power houses. Clients are the ones that are unique and doing all the, Unique, features and displaying the content differently. **Knut:** so is there a risk that it goes the same route as SMTP and email and we end up with your Hotmail and your Gmails are **Derek:** centralized servers. Like there's like, what I can remember running email servers, you know, two decades ago and it was like no big deal. And now it's a lot harder. you basically get blacklisted by all the big, all the big companies, for, for being an unknown new host, essentially. Could we see that? Maybe, but there's a new methodology that clients are starting to adopt that drastically improves decentralization. Right now, we would have to, on the majority of clients right now, for us to communicate and know each other exists on Nostr, we would have to share at least one relay in common. So that way our content is both sent to and pulled from at least one server that we have in common. So we know each other exists and we can communicate that way. Which means you could then have centralization issues where everybody could be using the same Ten whatever relays in common, and you really don't want that in a true decentralized model. So there's a new methodology that developers are slowly starting to implement in their clients. It's referred to as the outbox model, and the way that this works is that the client will look at all of the people, or all the end pubs, the profiles that A user is following and go out to that user's relays where they're publishing their content and pull the content down from that user's relays instead of the initial user's relays. So it drastically improves decentralization because the two users don't have to share a relay in common. The client does all the work pulling the content down from whichever the relays are. So I could, in theory, publish all of my content to just like the Derek relay. And if your client supports this new type of outbox model and you don't use the Derek relay, you could still see my content because your client knows to go to the Derek relay to get Derek's content. **Knut:** but nothing is forcing people to implement this model. Right. **Derek:** No, no, no, exactly. So that, that's why right now we don't have every single client across Nostr using it, but if clients are built with the, NDK, the Nostr development toolkit, Outbox is supported by default now. Snort, Iris, Amethyst, Coracle, I believe. There's a handful of clients that support it now. And Dalmas doesn't have it yet. Primal doesn't have it yet, but their developers are both committed to adding it in the future. Once all the major clients are doing it, it's like a social consensus at that point. And just a quick follow on, on this. I think the distinction, the reason this works in my understanding, right. Is that most of these relays would be anyone can read, but you have to have access to write to it. is that correct? Yeah. Well, yeah. For example, like for my relay, anybody can read from my relay, but only, I only allow my wife and I to write to my relay, but since everybody in the world can read from it with the outbox model, you don't have to specifically tell your client. Your client will know where my content is and go to my relay to get it for **Luke:** right? So a model that actually would in fact work in this scenario is someone signs up for maybe one or two big paid relays, something like that. And that relay just lets anyone read from it. Then this outbox model would just let people pull down from those paid relays. I think we'll see in the future a lot more smaller community based relays just because that methodology will just work like right now. If you have all sorts of smaller community relays, you have to know where the people you follow publish their content. **Derek:** And then if they would start publishing it on a new relay and no longer use that relay, you could lose contact with that person. So this new method will fix that. # Nostr User Experience and Adoption **Knut:** It's, I mean, all of this sounds complicated, and I think like, do, does Nostr get the masses, like, and can it be fixed with, improved user interfaces and stuff? Like how? there's always a trade off between usability and security, right? So like, how do you see that **Derek:** I like to say that technology works best once it fades into the background. You should not know The protocol that you're using. You shouldn't know how all of the sausage is made. You should just know, man, I like sausage. It's delicious. Like, that's all you need to know. Right? and Nostr needs to, to get to that level. Are we there yet? Definitely not. relays are important, but maybe in the future, whenever a new user signs in, they don't actually really need to choose the relays that often. Maybe it's just going to randomize. You know, there's a thousand relays out there just randomly picks, six relays or something, a half a dozen relays at random. So it's drastically increasing decentralization. And it does all this in the background. And then under an advanced setting, you can add your own personal one or something like that. most people won't ever go into advanced settings. they'll just use their app because everything else just fades into the background. They'll just use it. They won't need to know to go in to add media servers or they won't know to go in and configure relays. The clients will just do all of this for them because the technology stack has improved to the point where this can be done.   **Knut:** yeah, I'm going to continue on the devil's advocate, like **Derek:** Fire away. We need **Knut:** attack vectors here. # Ethical Concerns and Open Protocols **Knut:** so since it's so open and anyone can develop Nostr stuff, like right now you have the ethos and like all the developers, like, I love that all of these young 180 IQ developers are now, they're not making shitcoins anymore and They're all on Nostr, and like, I love that fact, because that's, that's the right usage of that brainpower. But going forward, and if this really takes off, or when this really takes off, don't you see, don't you think you'll see, people with not as ethical intentions get into the space and try to like, take over? **Derek:** Yeah, I mean, sure. I think that, you know, Nostr is an open protocol. So anything will be tried because it can be tried because it's open. But then we need to look at the free market and we need to look at staying open. If Nostr is truly permissionless, then yes, shitcoiners should be able to come build on Nostr. I don't want to use their clients. I won't recommend anybody. they should be able to come and try to build something because Nostr is open and maybe they'll only have their shitcoin corner of Nostr and they'll have their own community over here. The rest of us won't be using that. And that's probably okay. Well, **Knut:** It's all about optionality, right? **Derek:** that I think is the issue that Nostr really solves is because it's giving people choice. And in legacy social media, you don't really have a lot of choice. You need to use what is spoon fed to you. So if somebody wants to come build, you know, Ethereum tipping or Solana tipping or something on Nostr, I mean, that's, Cool. Like I'm not going to use it. I'm not going to tell my wife that she now needs to Ethereum zap me, but the fact that somebody could do it would prove that Nostr really is permissionless and open. **Knut:** Yeah, this leads me directly to a deeper philosophical question. # Hypernostrification vs. Hyperbitcoinization **Derek:** Yeah. Because, in your mind, what happens first? Hypernostrification or hyperbitcoinization? And the reason I ask this now is like, because if we get hyperbitcoinization first, then it might be harder for, for shitcoins Oh yeah. **Knut:** But in your mind, what happens first of the two?   **Knut:** I don't know. Again, we're going to go to a Derekism, another saying I like to say. I like to say that the purple pill helps the orange pill go down. So it's lube.   **Derek:** I think that we see more Nostr adoption first, and that helps with Bitcoin adoption through just ease of use and fun and frictionless manners. I really think that, we know the money's broken, but social's also broken too. I don't think, The world is entirely going to move to Bitcoin. we're going to see hyperbitcoinization in the next couple of years, but maybe we'll see hyper Nostrification in the next couple of years as applications slowly start to rebuild and try out Nostr and see how that works for them. And then from there, they get on boarded to Bitcoin through that. **Knut:** So the reason that the web is broken, and the reason social media is broken, is that because of bad money. Like, what's the correlation there? Like, have you thought about that? **Derek:** Maybe I like to think back to, you know, two decades ago, if you wanted to run a server out of your house to run your own media server, your own, you know, photos, your own documents, you know, movies, music, whatever you wanted to do, any type of social. you really couldn't do it. Like we didn't really have the infrastructure or the technology to really do it. It was very expensive to run a server at home. we didn't have point and click installs for the average person. We didn't have point and click, you know, setups for in configurations for routers, we just didn't have the technology. For the average person to do it, you know, if, if you're a, you know, systems administrator, network engineer, sure, you can do all that stuff. I mean, I was doing that 20 years ago too, but nobody else, you know, besides people in that like profession really did that. Nowadays, you can spend 50 and buy a raspberry pi and Install piece of software on it and touch a couple buttons and boom, you can deploy all these home services. I think that since we couldn't do that 20 years ago, 30 years ago, we moved the technology stack into these large data centers where. The technology existed for people to run these services because they had the software, they had the high bandwidth, they had the fast servers, computers. So we moved everything into these data centers and we trusted these large technology companies because they had the resources to do that. But then as technology improves, the infrastructure improves. Software improves and becomes easier. Now we can start pulling that out of the data center and the users can do it at home. I don't think it's related to bad money. I just think it's related to, you know, we were early, so we moved to centralization because we had to, and now that we've advanced enough, now we can kind of. Recapture that and pull it back. **Knut:** Yeah.   **Luke:** I actually like that argument for this because I mean, it's the gold thing, right? Like the gold physically couldn't do these things, but now Bitcoin does that. so gold centralized into vaults. Because that was just the way that **Knut:** And fiat solved that problem. **Luke:** exactly. so now maybe what you're saying is that, yeah, at the time, the actual server infrastructure had to be centralized like that. And now there's a decentralized alternative. I can buy that. **Derek:** and here's, a thought on this, maybe fiat money and, you know, our kids take the bill and pushing things forward faster and faster, that led to the computer revolution and the internet revolution. If that had been done in a sounder way, then maybe the internet would have developed slower, but in a more sound way, maybe, you know, technology bills getting published And money printing to fund, you know, so they just build fast and quick and they built too fast. Maybe it wasn't sustainable. The only way to be sustainable was to centralize who knows. It's all related to bad money. I get it. **Knut:** My tip is to not spend 50 on a raspberry pi, but spend a couple of hundred bucks and buy a start 9 instead. **Luke:** something that, Definitely has the slightly more resources. And I mean, I think definitely, we, we had, someone asked the question at the noob day about, about running relays and everything. And I mean, it's great that people are actually wanting to do the self sovereign thing with Nostr the same way as they, Do with the Bitcoin nodes and stuff. And it's great to see that these like node in the box **Derek:** Yeah. **Luke:** are making that easy for people. # Running Your Own Relay **Luke:** So maybe, maybe here's like a, like a practical thing, just like a little bit on running your own relay and being as self sovereign as possible. And Nostr, do you have some thoughts on that? **Derek:** Yeah. So I personally run two different relays. I run a relay on my phone just to basically act as a place for my DMs and my offline notes to go. So I can have my, I'm sorry, not DMs. I meant drafts. The other D with drafts for my drafts to go. And then for my offline notes to go, I run a relay in my house for my wife and I to use, as I had mentioned earlier. And I do a little bit more of a complicated method because I want my relay in my house to be accessible from the outside world. That piece of the puzzle was still a little bit technical because you have to configure some network settings to allow the outside world to connect in to a computer that you're running at home. So that, portion of it isn't like point and click easy yet. But, if you do have a start nine or you do have an umbral, you can point and click to have a relay at home installed. And then while you're at home on, Wi Fi or if you have a desktop, it's hardwired, whatever, anything that's on your home network can easily use those local relays. And then if you want to access them from the outside world, you have to know that networking piece that I was just talking about, or you need to use like a home VPN. Or something like tail scale. And then you can accomplish that. # Onboarding and User Accessibility **Knut:** so when will my 78 year old mother, fire up a Nostr, keep her? **Derek:** I don't know. Maybe does she use social media now? **Knut:** Yeah, she does. **Derek:** What does she use? **Knut:** Facebook, mainly. **Derek:** Okay. Well, maybe someday I think Facebook's going to be a holdout on this. Maybe we'll see Elon do it in the next, two or three years, but I think someday we'll see a large legacy. Traditional social media client turn into a very highly customized Nostr client and users really won't even know it. They'll custody the keys for the user, give you a username and password. They'll do all of that stuff. It'll be a, filtered relay, maybe moderated relay, who knows. But it'll essentially look the same and function the same for users, except they'll be connected to the Nostrverse. they'll be publishing publicly to Nostr, and they won't even know it yet. So maybe when that happens, then she'll have her keys. Otherwise, I think the onboarding process needs to be improved a little bit **Knut:** Mm hmm. **Derek:** We can have 78 year olds, actively using Nostr. I think it needs to be easier. **Knut:** Boomer. **Derek:** Yeah. **Luke:** Well, some 78 year olds are more tech savvy than others, **Knut:** yes, most of them are more tech savvy than my mother for sure. **Luke:** there you go. # Beyond Twitter Alternatives **Luke:** But this actually leads to another point here, is that the Twitter alternatives are really the clients that are the big thing. And actually, I think even people who are in the Nostr ecosystem already, Don't really do much outside of these Twitter alternatives, but there are other ways to display the Nostr information that looks a lot different, right? Can you go into that a little bit? **Derek:** yeah, I think that the reasons that Twitter alternatives are the most popular is because that's what we needed most, you know, and that's what was the most popular use case in the beginning, and it still holds true today, but it's also because These applications kind of manage the key for you, like on your device. And a lot of this other stuff, a lot of these new unique use cases are web applications, they're websites, and people don't want to just go and paste their private key, their NSEC into a random website, which you should never do anyways. I found out that using extensions is something a lot of people don't use. Like, with my app, NostrNest. com, so many people just don't use extensions. And you need to use an extension to sign in. The extension manages your key for you on the web. It acts as like your key management signing device. And a lot of people just don't use it. I would tell them, oh, you need to use an extension. They're like, well, how do I use an extension? It's like, oh, you just need to go here and install that. And so many people just aren't familiar with it. It's really, that was really surprising to me. my point is that the other stuff, while it can be exciting unique and cool, it's not used as much because I think signing into all these web apps is, Very different from the average user. They're used to using a username and password. They're not used to having to go and install an extension in Safari or install a whole nother web browser on Android or a whole nother app, to access a website. That's weird. it's a little too different. And once that workflow improves, then maybe we'll see, your Twitch alternative or your, medium alternative, blow up. And become more popular. **Luke:** Well, and actually the funny thing is the experience. Once you have the extension set up and you just go **Derek:** Oh, it's easy clients, like frictionless, it's perfect. But once you get over that hurdle of installing the extension, putting your private key into it and logging into that first website where it says, Hey, you're trying to log in and this website wants to know who you are. Do you want to allow it? Yes. you're going to post something and you know, do you want to have this post to your profile? Yes. Once you understand how that works, then it's a no brainer, but it's just that first technical hurdle that so many people struggle with. But hopefully we Nostr developers can make this easier, in the coming future. **Luke:** it's the natural innovation beyond because, a lot of services had been adopting a password lists, authentication model, basically just send a code to your email address. and I like that model. I think that's a lot more secure. You just have to worry about your email being secure But then you go, one, next level, and it's everything is from that key pair. we are Nostr pilled as far as the use case and what it is. But it comes down to, I think, a little more of the pain points and the usability of it, # Nostr Algorithms **Luke:** I will use Nostr, like the, the feed and everything, but I'll also use the, the Twitter feed as well because there's just so much more information on that. and the thing is, my current thing that I would like to see improvement on, or at least my ability to make my own improvements on is the algorithm selection. and I know you've got a talk, coming up about this, like how to tailor your own algorithm, basically. And so before I give any other specific questions on this topic, could you preview, what you're going to talk about in terms of how to **Derek:** Sure. So even though there is no blockchain, time chain, whatever for Nostr, I like to say that Nostr is a proof of work protocol because there are no algorithms at the protocol level. And the content isn't necessarily all the time brought forward for you. You're not spoonfed content. So that means you have to do the work. You have to put in the work to be social. You have to do the work to get discovered and to discover content. And people aren't so much used to that anymore because they're used to being spoonfed a fire hose of content from your major platform. So with Nostr, we have the ability to regain and control our attention. And we can control our social experience. So you have to do the work. You have to go out and comment on people's posts and you have to socially engage. You need to let people know that you're here. You have to make your voice heard. You have to interact with people. You have to just be social. And it's really, it's just an interesting take because right now on these traditional platforms, you can kind of just lurk and have a decent experience because you're fed content. And on Nostr, that isn't the case most of the time, but now we have these, algorithm stores that are starting to pop up, where you can use them if you want to, it's not a requirement, which is, you know, like, maybe on, Twitter or Instagram or something like that, like, the algorithm is there, and maybe you can view a different feed, but It's, not the default. and right now, like Nostr clients, the default is your chronological feed. if that's what you want, you can always have it. But if you want to do some algorithm, you can choose to do that. And it's open and transparent. So you could go and look at the algorithm to see what it's doing. And that's just unique. We don't really have that type of user choice. So you can be your own algorithm socially. Or you can use an algorithm that somebody else built. **Knut:** All right. so I think this was sort of, at least partially, an answer to my next question. And this is something I talked to Giacomo about, but because of the very reasons you just mentioned, you get very high quality people on Nostr and people who agree with one another and are nice and friendly to one another and you take care, it's your reputational capital and so on. But. Many people are on Twitter for the opposite reason, that they want to argue with people. So how do we get more assholes on Nostr that are wrong on the internet, you know, and you know, Yeah.   **Derek:** but I like to say that these algorithms on these traditional platforms were built to keep us enraged and engaged because if we're constantly upset and engaged, we're going to be using the application more. We're going to see more ads. Ads are going to make more money. And it's going to fuel them to build bigger, better, more algorithms. We're going to use the app more. We're going to be more engaged and enraged. And it's just a never ending cycle. I think that sure, if somebody wanted to build an asshole algorithm and just only show you controversial, mean content on Nostr, it's open. You can do that. And then they can have their asshole feed, I guess. # Nostr's Competitiveness **Knut:** but, okay, this ties into a more serious point, if the, traditional platforms are optimized for engagement and, you know, to keep you on, how does Nostr take off if it doesn't have that drug, **Derek:** Yeah, sure. I think most humans generally, want to be good people and don't want to be bad and negative all the time. It's just that, media really fuels that clown world also is very upsetting to people sometimes too. And it drives their social experiences that way. another Derek ism is that, we're doom scrolling on other platforms. But humans weren't born to doom scroll, they should bloom scroll, people want to be good, I hope, If you're surrounded by good content, it's going to make you more positive. If you're surrounded by negative content, it's going to make you more negative. **Knut:** yeah, I certainly hope that people will use it more, because it ties into why newspapers that have aggressive headlines and like fearful headlines sell better, because our brains are wired for fear, **Derek:** Yeah, exactly. we need to change that. We need to take it back. We need to use Nostr to take it back. we should be selling good stuff, not bad stuff. I totally agree, Is it going to work in practice? **Knut:** we'll see. **Luke:** actually, so part of the practical thing on this, you can scroll virtually infinitely on these, Twitter apps. But Nostr, there always is some kind of limit. And let me explain what I mean by that. So in Primal, for example, Primal being the app that I use mostly on the web and the phone now, I do like, some others such as, Amethyst, and I've tried other, clients for the web, great to have the variety, but mostly I use Primal for the ease of use factor. You got into this, at the noob day a little bit. but the, the two styles of feed that I get there through Primal is basically a latest. a version of latest and a version of, trending and the ways that, so, okay, not to overcomplicate this exactly, but I like, for example, concepts of, your tribe, the people who you follow and who follow you Li limits based on the web of trust, I think. I think that's good And primal gives you tools to limit. So if you decide you want to see a wider feed, maybe you get the people who your followers follow. And then when I click that, I always get a whole ton of Japanese and Thai stuff like that, right? So, it's funny that it's not quite perfect at that level. To be able to discover new stuff. Okay. I'm, this is actually going to be multiple questions. So maybe we'll start with that one. But how do you discover new stuff on Nostr that isn't the top, top, top most trending thing? Cause this is another side of the problem. but isn't someone that you already know and already follow. # Data Vending Machines (DVMs) **Derek:** so I use my main client is Amethyst and there's several clients now that support these things called DVMs. It stands for Data Vending Machine. it sounds kinda, you know, nerdy but all it is, is an algorithm, really. I mean, an algorithm that is executed when somebody says, hey, I want to obtain this piece of data from you, give it to me. Some of these data vending machines may be free. Some of them may be like a vending machine where you pay it some sats, and then it gives you the data, the algorithms executed after it gets paid. So I use DVMs to find new content. Like that's part of that whole algorithm to discover content. There's all sorts of different ones. Like maybe I want to. Find, popular notes of cats or dogs, fluffy friends is what I think it's called. Or maybe I want to find, a trending, or there's a new DVM that was suggested recently. It's really cool. it finds the latest note from people you follow. So if you constantly are posting in the feed every single day, all day long, and then there's other people that maybe post once a week or something, you would never see their content because they're always drowned out by more active users. So this new data vending machine, like algorithm, it'll go out there and find just the top latest note from somebody you follow. So it's just a feed of like latest notes and that's a way to find content that you. Might generally miss, and that there's actually one called, something like what, while you were away or find content while you weren't active, or something like that on Nostr. And it tries to find content for you that way. There's all these unique ways to find content and now that they're showing up more and more clients like no strudel and cortical. Coracle does some really neat stuff on, discoverability, finding content now. And this gets back to building your own algorithm. If you want that and you use these clients and it helps you, you find content and you're right. Like sometimes they're not perfect. Like maybe you'll see some, content from other languages, you know, but you know, that, yeah. **Luke:** It's fine that that exists. It's just not relevant to me at all. I mean, I know there are **Derek:** that's a feature, maybe that's a filter or something like that on a client that needs to be built in is only show content from my native, or from my language that I normally post in, or my locale, or something like that is a way to maybe that's a new DVM right there. If we just figured it out, we need, Well, how do users find information on DVMs? yeah, well, if you're at, this gets back to the, we're early and Nostr is very technical. They're onboarding on Nostr as a whole generally sucks. It does because it's technical. We need more explanations or we need things to be simpler. And because these things, neither of these exist, there's probably a lot of people that use maybe Amethyst or maybe use. Nostrudel or Coracle that have no clue what these things are. today, Primal announced their DVM store. Their, algorithm marketplace, essentially. And they do it very, very well. It's gonna be, it looks like it's gonna be kind of front and center for you to choose. And you can configure your feed with just a toggle radio button. It looks like it's designed really, really nice. And maybe we'll see some of this user experience slip over to other clients, because right now you can get to them on several other clients, but they need a little bit more work, I think, to be, more user friendly. **Luke:** Sure, and well, okay, and so, you find this stuff even by asking where to find this stuff on Nostr? **Derek:** I can give you a website, I don't know the name of it, but it's something like datavendingmachines. com or nostrdvms. com, I don't remember the exact domain name, but it lists them all and explains what they are and how they work. You should, we should have some of that in app, I think, to have a better user experience. **Luke:** And how difficult is it to make your own? **Derek:** to make your own DVM or to use one. **Luke:** even, for example, just configure it **Derek:** To make your own DVM, you probably need to be a Nostr developer. You need to know how to do some development programming. But if you want to utilize one, it's just a few clicks of a button. The most configurable one that exists today, Coracle. You can build these custom feeds with DVMs, with hashtags, with lists of people, with all sorts of stuff, and you can build a very, very user customized, feed, and I believe Damus NoteDeck is going to have something similar like that, too, where in the future, they'll have these algorithm stores and all these different types of feeds that you're going to be able to very easily point and click and build these feeds, but to build your own feed, Custom DVM, yeah, you should probably be a developer for that. Otherwise, you'll just use somebody else's DVM that they built. **Luke:** Okay, and then, so, I guess the engagement side of it. That's the other way to so called build your own feed? **Derek:** right, like if, and this kind of mimics the real world, right, if we're standing outside in the conference hall and you and Knut are talking and I want to interject in the conversation, I'm not gonna just stand there off to the side and hope that you look at me and say, hey, do you want to talk? I gotta go over and stand there and I gotta join the conversation. And that's really what you need to do on Nostr. if somebody is posting, commenting, replying, whatever, if you want to join the conversation, you need to join the conversation. You need to comment and talk too. And then those people are going to be like, Oh, hey, look, Derek's replying. **Luke:** I don't know who he is, but now he's joined the conversation. I liked his reply. Maybe I want to follow him. And it just mimics real world in that. and as I understand it, the primal algorithm is largely reply based, like, the, the trending is, is, notes that get a lot of, replies, and, that, that's, that's important for that algorithm, and that's, this is actually one of these things I would like to personally be able to, to, to toggle, is, is, I don't necessarily look for the things that have the most interest. replies, maybe I want it, maybe I want, because that's engagement, maybe I want the things that, that have the most likes, or, the most zaps, that one, that one's easy, I like that, that one's usually, pretty available and all this, **Derek:** yeah, the mentioning the Primal algorithm for their trending is an interesting topic because over the past year, like when they first announced trending I think their signal indicator might have been zaps and people were doing like fake zaps just to show that this could be gamed and then Primal went back and retooled a little bit and then it was people were doing like spamming like thousands and thousands of reactions and then hitting trending again. It's an open protocol. Anybody's going to do anything. And then, you know, Primal went back again and retooled and made their algorithm better and, then they, once they, hit a working model that couldn't be gamed as easily, then they published it very transparent. This is how our algorithm works. You can go review it all on GitHub, yada, yada, yada. And, you know, that's kind of where we're at today. I think that, having an algorithm or having a DVM or something that, You could customize, Hey, I want to see most likes or most zaps or most replies. I think that's cool with it. Cause maybe your signal indicator is different than mine. And you'll have the one from, the client, like however their algorithm is configured, but maybe you can go in and configure your algorithm just a little bit differently because you like comments, but you want to see those big zaps and there actually is a DVM for top zaps or something like that. **Luke:** It sounds like there's something for everyone here, it's just a matter of figuring out how to use it **Knut:** It's sort of like the saying with Bitcoin. Bitcoin is for everyone and people pointing out that no, it's not. It's for anyone. Yeah, and that's a better description. **Luke:** Well, and actually this is another philosophical question here, right, because still we're going to get people that come into this who aren't going to want to do any customization. They just want to come in and have it work and be like their Twitter. And then what happens is that the default algorithm of the largest app turns into the new **Derek:** into like the default. **Luke:** yeah, which also turns into the things that people see and all of this. **Derek:** well, right now, as far as I know, there are no clients that the default feed that you get is an algorithm. I think you have to go in and configure that and change that and choose to do that. As long as that stays the case. You know, the chronological, some people might say chronological order is its own algorithm, but as long as the, chronological algorithm is the default one, I really don't see that's that big of a deal, but even if it is, we have user choice, you're right. If the most popular client would automatically say, Hey, We're gonna switch to using this algorithm. Whenever Facebook makes a feed change, or Twitter would make a feed change, you know people are up in arms and they yell and they complain, but you can't do anything about it. Well, Nostr's different. You, you literally can, you can say, well, I'm going to use a new client. So I'm curious what would happen if, the most popular client makes a major change like this, they change the algorithm, the default algorithm, would everybody really do what they say they want to do on Facebook? Like I'm never using Facebook again because you changed my feed. Well, they can't go anywhere else. So they stick to Facebook, but now you could. So would people actually move to another app? Funny that you should say that, because that's one of the things that made me leave Facebook, right? Because they actually did some social experiment by pissing people off but now you would have a choice, right? Like, so that opens up a whole new **Knut:** yeah, and I could take my posts with me. **Derek:** You take your content, your social graph with you. so maybe we won't see that, or maybe once someone does it, they shoot some self in the foot and they're like, Oh, we don't, maybe we shouldn't do this. We should give users a choice. # The Permanency of Online Content **Knut:** There's another thing about the social graph and the permanency of it, like how permanent it is, because everyone should know that anything you do on the internet is as permanent as a tattoo. And that's why you can't delete posts from Nostr, like the whole deleting of data is a mirage. It's not real. you can delete, but not every relay is going to honor that request. but what I'm coming to here is that, is that going to scare people that their stupid post from when they were 15 years old will be there forever? **Derek:** Well, what I'd be curious about is, on legacy social platforms, when you hit delete, Is it actually deleted from a database or is it just flagged as deleted and don't show again? probably the latter. Yeah, so probably, you can screenshot stuff. Like if you post something on the internet, it's literally never going to go away. **Knut:** People just need to learn this. So maybe Nostr is the way that they learn that, because it's more honest. **Derek:** it is more honest. Like I can make a request for a deletion from every relay that my content exists on. **Knut:** Yeah. **Derek:** If I, you know, let's say there's a thousand relays and 999 of them delete the content, but one of them says, yeah, I'm going to archive everything, I'm not deleting it. Well, then it still exists on the internet, like it just, so that's why we say there's no delete. Yeah, maybe you're right, maybe it is the most honest that you can request it to be deleted, but there's no guarantee that the request is going to be honored. **Luke:** Good. Yeah. okay. # Getting the Most Out of Nostr **Luke:** So, the principles of Nostr seem to be getting pretty clear here that, it's all about this portability, this decentralization, this new way of doing things, and yes, there is going to be some. Switchover, that people have to do to, really get the most out of it. But, that said, there's so much cool stuff going on, that once you make that switch, there's this whole new world of it. And, for me personally, the biggest thing that's prevented me from going all in is, I guess I just, haven't got quite The right thing, the right feed, the engagement. I mean, I think timezone right now plays a big role here, because when is everyone actually active? How do you get involved in conversations? For Europe, it's a bit tough. You almost have to post on Nostr in the European evening to get any engagement with North American users, which at the moment are the majority. At least in the English speaking world. **Derek:** That doesn't really happen unless you specifically seek. That on Nostr. So a little hack about being your own algorithm that I've used over the past, year and a half or so is, you know, people used to say it was bad form to retweet your own tweets, but you need to do that. You need to boost your own content on Nostr. You need to, I do it specifically for different time zones. Like you said, you know, maybe I posted something really good. In 8 o'clock in the morning and then six hours later, I'm like, you know what? There's more people up and out and about in the world right now. I'm going to boost that because I thought that was really good. I don't do it for every single one of my notes because that's probably overkill. But maybe once or twice a day, if I thought I did something, I think, man, that needs more views. So this gets back to being your own algorithm. So I would say try that. People aren't going to hate on you for it. people understand that you need to be your own algorithm and bring your own content forward. **Knut:** know how Nostr reminds me that I should be more careful on the internet because like sometimes I accidentally like posts that I want to, I want to declick the button and make the like go away, but it doesn't. **Derek:** But well, so that depends on the client. So what that would do is that would send a delete request **Knut:** yeah, exactly what we talked about before. Yeah, to all like amethyst supports on, you know, unliking, but it sends a delete request to all the relays saying, Hey, delete that, that reaction. that's the thing. It's, it reminds me of what's actually going on under the hood while the other social media platforms just are optimized for make it simple for the user. Yeah. # Nostr vs Bitcoin **Knut:** to take this in a slightly different direction and, a final point here, we've found out why you're so bullish on Nostr. Why are you bullish on Bitcoin? Like what's, what's your, what are you most excited for in the Bitcoin space right now? **Derek:** The most exciting thing about Bitcoin for me is to see these developing communities around the world, like using Bitcoin because it's better than their corrupt money. they're inflated money. And seeing them being able to save for the very first time and being able to essentially like be their own bank, you know, banking the unbanked and just being better money for them. I think that is so cool. Like I absolutely love watching all these videos of Communities around the world bettering themselves and educating their youth or children on money and finances and seeing the kids being able to have better lives because of this. Like that's the use case. It's cool. wealth preservation is cool. I understand, sound money Everything is broken, after reading, Safedine's, the fiat standard. thinking about Bitcoin is another element there's a lot of interesting use cases and ways to think about it. But my favorite is, communities having these circular economies and bettering themselves. **Knut:** Great. **Luke:** Yeah, fantastic answer and very much aligned with us. And, since we've been, poking at different bits of Nostr this whole time, I also was hoping to end on a, on a optimistic note on the Nostr side as, as well. # Most Exciting Projects on Nostr **Luke:** So what are you most excited about that's coming up right now? What do you think is going to make the biggest impact in what you're aware of? **Derek:** There's so many really cool projects out there. Oh man. there's probably ones being demonstrated right now that I've never even, you know, wasn't aware of. I really like the ability to have, so the, There's a Nostr app called zap. store. It is a Google Play or App Store, replacement, FOSS, built on Nostr. It allows us to see, applications that are reviewed and installed by our web of trust. So An application that's really popular and has good reviews by people, you know, people that are in your web of trust versus who knows who they are, if they're bots or whatever on, you know, these other app stores. I think that that's a very neat use case. You know, we see problems in the Bitcoin ecosystem where apps get removed from app stores all the time, And it just seems that everything is getting choked in this regard. So I think that's a neat use case, especially what's been going on in the Bitcoin ecosystem. I'm really excited to see that continue to grow and get fleshed out. I think just. Everything being able to be more interoperable on Nostr. I'm really bullish for the next big thing to be built on Nostr and then all these other clients to be like, wow, I want to implement it. And then they all implement it. And that feature then is used everywhere, but there's just so much stuff. It's hard to be bullish on one thing. Like, you know, Pablo's, Nutsack, Cashew wallet is really cool. **Luke:** Yeah. What a **Derek:** It takes balls to decide the kind of name. does. **Knut:** All right. # Wrapping Up **Derek:** So other than Nostr, where can people find you on the internet know what? I got tired of Odell yelling about Nostr only and me being a huge Nostr bull, not being Nostr only. So a couple of months ago I deleted everything. It's all gone. I have no Twitter. I have no Facebook. I have no Instagram, no LinkedIn. I'm Nostr only. **Knut:** All right. **Derek:** you want to find me, You need to go to Nostr because I don't exist anywhere else anymore. **Luke:** any specific things that you're working on that you'd like to tell us **Derek:** So the most exciting thing that I've personally done recently is I organized a community led Nostr booth at BTC Prague, where I basically said to the community, Hey, Nostr needs to have a big presence so we can purple pill Prague. Let's have a booth. I want developers to be able to come to the booth, talk to their users, talk about their products. Getting a booth is expensive. And a lot of these indie, smaller developers, can't afford that. So what if they just donate a little bit of Bitcoin? We pooled those funds together. We had maybe a couple larger, Developers, sponsors, and we pull all these funds together. We have this Nostr booth. it was great. I think it was one of the most well received booths. I'm a little biased there, but it was busy for three days straight. We had tons of people there all the time. everybody that I talked to absolutely loved it. It was great to see. the whole Nostr community come together for this, essentially an educational slash marketing effort really to help grow Nostr and teach and educate people about Nostr. I'm excited to do it again. Like I don't know when and where, but I want to do it again. I think it was great and I would love to have the same initiative at some point in the near future. **Luke:** thanks a lot for coming on. **Derek:** for having me. **Luke:** We could probably continue to try and pick your encyclopedic brain on the Nostr stuff, but we'll give you a break. We know you've got another panel **Derek:** So enjoy the rest of the conference. Thanks again, Derek. This has been the Bitcoin Infinity Show. All right. Thank you

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

## But who will identify the spam? Any relay will get hit with spam. That's just the cost of being a server admin. (Of course, we're all going to end up server admins, now that local and private relays are becoming ubiquitous, but I digress.) The question is more: *What is spam?* Who gets to determine which events are spam? That's actually a completely subjective decision, so I think individual npubs should be determining it. nostr:npub1494rtg3ygq4cqawymgs0q3mcj6hucvu4kmadv03s5ey2sg32df5shtzmp0 was heading in the direction of individually-trained, intelligent spam filters, with Minitru, but npubs need more standardized information, to make effective decisions and to calibrate their personal filters. ## 6 Confirmations Information about an unknown npub is gathered by Examining it in isolation * interacting with it (such as in a conversation), * reading what it has already published, * asking it to pay money * requesting it to perform some task ... and by examining it within a group * asking other npubs if they follow it (the basis of WoT) * or asking others if the npub is already known to them (community membership, articles they've zapped, replies they've given, etc.) All of these things should leave a sort of audit trail, so that the next evaluator can judge accordingly, or ask for more information. Then the confirmations build up, without someone needing to be followed. Like with Bitcoin. The transactions aren't "followed", they're confirmed. This npub has had 3 confirmations... 6 confirmations... 10470 confirmations. You could have 10 followers, but 12000 confirmations, because you manage to meet everyone's minimum, but didn't make the hurdle to the "follow" list. ## Hit two birds with one stone This would also allow follow lists to become friend lists, again, eliminate the need for an additional "favorites" list, and raise the information value of following.

@ 76ea2cfb:60905955

Bitcoin representa para el dinero y la propiedad lo que Internet significó para la información: una disrupción fundamental que desafía los cimientos del Estado-nación tradicional, erosionando las estructuras basadas en el mundo físico y dando paso a una nueva realidad digital. En este nuevo paradigma, Bitcoin emerge como la primera forma de propiedad digital absoluta en la historia de la humanidad, prometiendo redefinir no solo nuestras transacciones económicas, sino también nuestra comprensión del valor, la confianza y la soberanía individual. Esta fase es importante porque nos revelará progresivamente cómo puede Bitcoin llegar a convertirse en un nuevo activo monetario con cualidades hasta ahora nunca vistas en la Historia de la Humanidad **Brecha generacional y conceptual** Al igual que las personas del siglo XIX no podían concebir que enormes máquinas de acero pudieran en el futuro surcar los cielos, muchos individuos educados bajo el paradigma del mundo físico encuentran difícil, si no imposible, comprender plenamente el alcance y las implicaciones presentes y futuras de Bitcoin como propiedad digital absoluta y como dinero. Esta brecha conceptual no es meramente una cuestión de edad o resistencia al cambio, sino un profundo desafío cognitivo que requiere una reorientación fundamental de nuestros modelos mentales sobre el dinero, el valor y la propiedad en la era digital. **Bitcoin: La primera propiedad digital absoluta** Bitcoin se distingue como la primera y única forma de propiedad digital verdaderamente absoluta por varias razones: 1. *Escasez digital verificable*: Con un suministro máximo de 21 millones de unidades, Bitcoin introduce por primera vez el concepto de escasez digital incorruptible. 2. *Inmutabilidad*: Gracias a la prueba de trabajo acumulada, una vez registrada una transacción en la cadena de bloques de Bitcoin es prácticamente imposible de alterar o revertir. 3. *Resistencia a la censura*: Gracias a la descentralización ofrecida por la amplia red de nodos de Bitcoin, ninguna entidad central puede congelar, confiscar o impedir la transferencia de bitcoins entre partes. 4. *Soberanía individual*: Los usuarios de Bitcoin tienen control total sobre sus fondos, sin intermediarios ni custodios obligatorios. 5. *Programabilidad*: Como dinero programable, Bitcoin permite nuevas formas de propiedad y contratos que, hasta ahora, eran imposibles en el mundo físico. **El camino hacia la adopción masiva** La transición hacia una adopción generalizada de Bitcoin como propiedad digital absoluta no será instantánea ni lineal. Se estima que serán necesarias al menos tres generaciones, cada una de aproximadamente 33 años, para que se desarrolle una masa crítica de individuos que vivan y operen cómodamente bajo este nuevo paradigma digital no físico. Este proceso no estará exento de obstáculos y desviaciones: 1. *Ciclos de innovación y fracaso*: Aunque Bitcoin se mantiene como la forma más pura de propiedad digital absoluta, veremos múltiples ciclos de nacimiento y muerte de otras criptomonedas alternativas (altcoins), ofertas iniciales de monedas (ICOs), tokens no fungibles (NFTs), activos del mundo real tokenizados (RWAs) y otros fenómenos inspirados en Bitcoin. Estas "distracciones" son parte integral del proceso de innovación y aprendizaje colectivo, y sus auges y caídas reforzarán con el tiempo la posición única de Bitcoin. 2. *Evolución regulatoria*: Los marcos legales y regulatorios evolucionarán, muchas veces de manera reactiva, tratando de adaptarse a las realidades cambiantes que Bitcoin introduce como forma de propiedad digital absoluta. 3. *Transformación de instituciones financieras*: Los bancos tradicionales y otras instituciones financieras se verán obligados a adaptarse o arriesgarse a volverse obsoletos, lo que llevará a una reestructuración significativa del sector financiero global en torno a los principios de propiedad digital absoluta que Bitcoin encarna. 4. *Educación y alfabetización en Bitcoin*: Surgirán nuevas formas de educación financiera y tecnológica para preparar a las generaciones futuras para operar en este nuevo paradigma, centrándose en la comprensión de Bitcoin como propiedad digital absoluta y sus implicaciones. 5. *Adopción por etapas*: La adopción de Bitcoin probablemente seguirá un patrón por etapas, que irá de la mano de su evolución tecnológica y económica: - Primero, como reserva de valor digital. - Luego, como medio de intercambio, tanto para pequeñas transacciones a nivel local como para transacciones internacionales y de alto valor. - Finalmente, como unidad de cuenta global y patrón para la fijación de precios. 6. *Resistencia institucional*: Gobiernos y entidades financieras centralizadas probablemente resistirán la adopción de Bitcoin, lo que podría resultar en períodos de volatilidad regulatoria y de mercado. 7. *Mejoras tecnológicas*: Continuarán desarrollándose soluciones de escalabilidad y privacidad para Bitcoin, como la Lightning Network y las actualizaciones de privacidad, que facilitarán su adopción masiva. **Implicaciones más allá de lo económico** El impacto de Bitcoin como propiedad digital absoluta se extenderá mucho más allá del ámbito financiero: - *Soberanía individual*: Bitcoin ofrece una forma de preservar y transferir valor fuera del control de gobiernos y entidades centralizadas, potenciando la soberanía financiera individual. - *Redefinición de la ciudadanía*: La capacidad de poseer y transferir valor globalmente sin restricciones podría llevar a nuevas formas de ciudadanía y pertenencia no vinculadas a estados nacionales. - *Nuevos modelos económicos*: La naturaleza deflacionaria y la divisibilidad de Bitcoin podrían fomentar nuevos modelos económicos basados en el ahorro y la inversión a largo plazo. - *Privacidad financiera*: Bitcoin ofrece un grado de privacidad financiera que puede proteger a individuos contra la vigilancia y el control gubernamental excesivo. **Conclusión** La revolución iniciada por Bitcoin va mucho más allá de ser una mera innovación financiera. Representa un cambio de paradigma fundamental en cómo concebimos la propiedad y el dinero en la era digital. A medida que avanzamos hacia este futuro, es crucial comprender que Bitcoin no es simplemente una nueva forma de dinero, sino la primera instancia de propiedad digital absoluta en la historia. Este concepto tiene el potencial de reestructurar fundamentalmente nuestras sociedades, empoderando a los individuos con un nivel de soberanía financiera sin precedentes.

@ 06639a38:655f8f71

## Week 35 * Wrote my first (out of four) 90-day reports for OpenSats [https://nostrver.se/blog/nostr-php-90-day-opensats-report-1-may-july-2024](https://nostrver.se/blog/nostr-php-90-day-opensats-report-1-may-july-2024) * Found this 💎 package for doing async requests with websockets and Guzzle 😎 [https://github.com/valtzu/guzzle-websocket-middleware](https://github.com/valtzu/guzzle-websocket-middleware) * Exploring the use of `ngit` working with NIP-34 [https://gitworkshop.dev/r/naddr1qqykummnw3ez6urgwqqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dspzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qvzqqqrhnyyx5cnk](https://gitworkshop.dev/r/naddr1qqykummnw3ez6urgwqqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dspzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qvzqqqrhnyyx5cnk) * Nostr-PHP release `1.4.0` with relay response classes [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/releases/tag/1.4.0](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/releases/tag/1.4.0) ## Week 36  * I placed a Nostr billboard ad besides the highway here * Received a ton of interactions / feedback through Nostr on my notes sharing this! * As a result, a fundraiser started (and got fully funded after a couple of days) for doing the same in Brasil: [https://geyser.fund/project/nostrifybrazil](https://geyser.fund/project/nostrifybrazil)  * Repo with all the assets: [https://gitlab.com/sebastix-group/nostr/nostr-ads](https://gitlab.com/sebastix-group/nostr/nostr-ads)  * Alex Gleason and his wife were are couple of days in Amsterdam, so I drove to the city for a meetup. * [https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqprpljlvcnpnw3pejvkkhrc3y6wvmd7vjuad0fg2ud3dky66gaxaqydhwumn8ghj7emvv4shxmmwv96x7u3wv3jhvtmjv4kxz7gprpmhxue69uhkummnv3exjan99eshqup0wfjkccteqqsv0u9n3vm84ffgm4cfkxkh338uy89xmpqvy97gxzlunk4g70gmy3gh75csl](https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqprpljlvcnpnw3pejvkkhrc3y6wvmd7vjuad0fg2ud3dky66gaxaqydhwumn8ghj7emvv4shxmmwv96x7u3wv3jhvtmjv4kxz7gprpmhxue69uhkummnv3exjan99eshqup0wfjkccteqqsv0u9n3vm84ffgm4cfkxkh338uy89xmpqvy97gxzlunk4g70gmy3gh75csl) * Did not write much code for the Nostr-PHP library, but started to work on a proof-of-concept of executing async requests with [guzzle-websocket-middleware](https://github.com/valtzu/guzzle-websocket-middleware). Also bookmarked some links I need to read for doing concurrency with Guzzle. * [https://gorannikolovski.com/blog/asynchronous-and-concurrent-http-requests-in-php](https://gorannikolovski.com/blog/asynchronous-and-concurrent-http-requests-in-php) * [https://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/quickstart.html#concurrent-requests](https://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/quickstart.html#concurrent-requests)

@ ffd375eb:4529ed08

## Chef's notes The ginger, lemon, and spicy peppers are optional ingredients that can be added to enhance the flavour and potential health benefits of the fermented garlic honey. ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 20 minutes - 🍳 Cook time: 1 month (or longer) ## Ingredients - Garlic cloves, peeled and cracked open (if possible) - Local, unfiltered honey - Ginger root, peeled and cut into 1/8 to 1/4 inch pieces (optional) - Lemon, cut into small pieces (optional) - Spicy peppers like bird's eye peppers (optional) ## Directions 1. Peel and crack open the garlic cloves. The cracked cloves will ferment faster. 2. Add the peeled and cracked garlic cloves to a clean jar, filling about half the jar. 3. Add the honey to the jar, leaving about 1 inch of headspace at the top. 4. If using, add the ginger, lemon, and/or spicy peppers to the jar. 5. Seal the jar tightly and shake well to combine the ingredients. 6. Burp the jar (open it to release built-up gas) and gently shake it once or twice a day for the next 1-2 weeks to allow the fermentation process to occur. 7. After 1-2 weeks, refrigerate the fermented garlic honey. Continue to burp the jar once or twice a week. 8. Use the fermented garlic honey within 2-3 months for best quality and safety.

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/685129

@ 1f698bd4:68d58e60

> "Mr. Tentmaker, it was nice living in this tent it was strong and secure and the sun was shining and the air was warm. But, Mr Tentmaker, it’s scary now. My tent is acting like it’s not going to hold together. The poles seem weak, and they shift with the wind. An a couple of the stakes here wiggled loose from the sand, and worst of all, the canvas has a rip. It no longer protects me from the beating rain or the stinging flies. Its scary in here, mr. Tentmaker. Last week I was sent to the repair shop and some repairman tried to path the rip in my canvas. It didn’t help much though, because the patched pulled away from the edges and now the tear is worse. What troubled me most, Mr. Tentmaker, is that the repairman didn’t seem to notice I was still in the tent. They just worked on the canvas while I shivered inside. I cried out once, but no one heard me. I guess my first real question is: Why did you give me such a flimsy tent? I can see by looking around the campground that some of the tents are much stronger and more stable than mine. Why Mr. Tent maker, did you pick a tent of such poor quality for me? And even more important, what do you intend to do about it? > God speaks: Oh little tent dweller, as the Creator and Provider of tents, I know all about you and your tent, and I love you both. I made a tent for myself once, and I lived in it on your campground. My tent was vulnerable too, and some vicious attackers ripped it to pieces while I was still in it. It was a terrible experience, but you’ll be glad to know they couldn’t hurt me. In fact, the whole occurrence was a tremendous advantage because it is this very victory over my enemy that frees me to be a present help to you. **Little tent dweller, I am now prepared to come and live in your tent with you, if you will invite me.** You will learn as we dwell together that real security comes from my being in your tent with you. When the storms come, you can huddle in my arms and I’ll hold you. When the canvas rips, we will go to the repair shop together. But someday, little tent dweller, your tent will collapse, for I have only designed it for temporary use. When it does, you and I will leave together. I promise not to leave before you do. And then, free of all that would hinder or restrict, we will move to our permanent home and together forever rejoice and be glad." By Roselyn Aronson

@ 1739d937:3e3136ef

This is the seventh in a series of weekly(ish) updates detailing progress on bringing MLS protocol DMs and group messaging to Nostr. ## Previous Updates - [June 28th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1719562889267) - [July 6th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1720256910765) - [July 12th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1720778880538) - [July 19th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1721419437737) - [August 16th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1723802138254) - [September 4th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1725433902513) ## Progress this week I was told recently that my update walls of text are too much. So, I'll try to keep things concise this week. 😅 This week has been all about building the reference implementation, which is quickly becoming a full-fledged client instead of just a reference implementation. I've not quite gotten to the MLS portion of the client yet but it does already support multiple accounts (including ephemeral accounts) and loads legacy (NIP-04) chats and full contact lists. So far, I've not implemented NIP-104 so there's not yet any updates to the MLS spec or other dependencies. If you've got experience with using messengers in hostile environments (authoritarian regimes, you've been de-platformed, etc.) please get in touch. I'd love to hear more about what you'd like to see in a communication tool. In the meantime, I'll be over here in the corner coding with my headphones on. 👨‍💻 Onward and Upwards!

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

I’ve recently had discussions with several people about the deity of Jesus Christ. They did not believe Jesus was God. I believe that the Bible claims Jesus is God and is part of the trinity (3 persons in one God). I know the 3-in-1 nature of God is confusing and hard to understand, but who wants to worship a God that is totally understandable by our human and mortal minds? I want to worship a God who is so awesome that we, the creatures, cannot fully comprehend Him because He is so much more than we have ever seen or imagined. Now let’s go through multiple Scriptural evidences that Jesus is God. I don't want you to take my word that Jesus is God. I want you to believe it because the Bible says it and therefore God says it. ## The Basic Claims of Jesus Let’s start with the basics. In John 10:30 Jesus says "*I and the Father are one*.”\ \ This sure sounds like Jesus is claiming to be God. I know some people claim that this is just Jesus saying that He is one with God or that they have the same goals. I find this interpretation to be hard to believe because I think Jesus speaks clearly and the most obvious interpretation is usually the intended meaning especially when you are speaking of God’s word. He created man and created the ability to communicate. I don’t believe He would ever speak unclearly or in a way that would lead people to blasphemy. The most obvious interpretation of what Jesus meant is that He is one with God. > "**If you had known Me, you would have known My Father** also; from now on you know Him, and have seen Him.”\ > Philip \*said to Him, “Lord, show us the Father, and it is enough for us.” Jesus said to him, “Have I been so long with you, and yet you have not come to know Me, Philip? **He who has seen Me has seen the Father**; how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?" (John 14:7-9) {Emphasis Mine} Jesus says knowing Him is knowing the Father and if you have seen Him you have seen the Father. This can only be true if they are one. Some may say that Jesus is just saying that seeing Him is like seeing God the Father because they are acting in agreement, but this once again is not the most obvious interpretation and I do not believe that God the Father or Jesus would speak in a misleading or unclear manner that could lead people astray.\ \ Even back in Genesis there is reference to the trinitarian nature of God. Genesis 1:26a says, "*Then God said, ‘Let **Us** make man in Our image, according to **Our** likeness’*" God refers to Himself in the plural. There are lots of other similar references in the Old Testament. This is early evidence of the trinitarian nature of God that was not clearly revealed until the New Testament (just as His plan for salvation was not revealed until the New Testament). > "Jesus answered them, “I showed you many good works from the Father; for which of them are you stoning Me?” The Jews answered Him, “For a good work we do not stone You, but **for blasphemy; and because You, being a man, make Yourself out to be God**.” Jesus answered them, “Has it not been written in your Law, ‘I said, you are gods’? If he called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken), do you say of Him, whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘**I am the Son of God**’? If I do not do the works of My Father, do not believe Me; but if I do them, though you do not believe Me, believe the works, so that you may know and understand that **the Father is in Me, and I in the Father.**” (John 10:32-38) {Emphasis Mine} In this passage the Jews accuse Jesus of "*blasphemy; and because You, being a man, make Yourself out to be God*.” Jesus is being accused of claiming to be God, but Jesus does not deny being God. He says He does His miracles "*so that you may know and understand that the Father is in Me, and I in the Father.*” Jesus continues to claim to be God. Even if it is possible to explain Jesus’s claim “*that the Father is in Me, and I in the Father*” could mean that they have the same goals, it would be incomprehensible for Jesus to make an unclear statement that sounds like a claim to be God if He wasn’t while being accused of claiming to be God. If He isn't God, then He is guilty of blasphemy and can't save anyone. He doesn't allow people to think He is a good man, a prophet, or a teacher, but not God.[1](#footnote-1) Jesus’s biggest claim to be God is probably: > Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was born, I am.” (John 8:58) Jesus started His statement with “*Truly, Truly*” (literally Amen, Amen). This repetition is used in Hebrew literature as an emphasis to mean pay attention to this statement. Then He claims “*before Abraham was born, I am*.” This is a doubly stunning statement because Abraham had died more than a thousand years before Jesus was physically born and because “*I am*” is what God told Moses to call Him at the burning bush. > Then Moses said to God, “Behold, I am going to the sons of Israel, and I will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’ Now they may say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?” God said to Moses, “**I AM WHO I AM**”; and He said, “Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel, ‘**I AM** has sent me to you.’ ” (Exodus 3:13-14) Jesus claimed the exalted name of God for Himself while claiming to exist since before Abraham. If Jesus is good, then Jesus must be God. ## The Example of Godly Men and Angels Let’s look at how angels and godly people react when accused of being or believed to be God. When Paul & Silas were preaching in Lystra, the people thought they were gods because of the miracles they were performing through God’s power. Their response made it crystal clear that they were not to be worshipped. > But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of it, **they tore their robes and rushed out** into the crowd, crying out and saying, “Men, why are you doing these things? **We are also men of the same nature as you**, and preach the gospel to you that you should turn from these vain things to a living God, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all that is in them. (Acts 14:14-15) {Emphasis Mine} They didn’t reply that they were God’s messengers or working through God’s power and will. They said, “*why are you doing these things? We are also men of the same nature as you*.” There was no lack of clarity and they cleared up the misunderstanding as fast as possible. When Peter was sent to Cornelius in answer to Cornelius’s prayer, Cornelius fell down to worship Peter, but Peter instantly made it clear that this was wrong. > When Peter entered, Cornelius met him, and fell at his feet and worshiped him. But Peter raised him up, saying, “Stand up; **I too am just a man**.” (Acts 10:25-26) {Emphasis Mine} There was no mistake in his response that would allow anyone to think he was god. Peter gave God alone the glory. We can even look at the example of an angel sent by God when John mistakenly fell at the angel’s feet to worship him: > Then he said to me, “Write, ‘Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.’ ” And he said to me, “These are true words of God.” Then I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, “**Do not do that; I am a fellow servant of yours and your brethren who hold the testimony of Jesus; worship God**. For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.” (Revelation 19:9-10) {Emphasis Mine} The angel would not allow anyone to worship him even though he was a great messenger of God. ## Jesus’s Response to Worship Let’s contrast these responses to Jesus’s responses. > One of the synagogue officials named Jairus came up, and on seeing Him, **fell at His feet** and implored Him earnestly, saying, “My little daughter is at the point of death; please come and lay Your hands on her, so that she will get well and live.” **And He went off with him**; and a large crowd was following Him and pressing in on Him. (Mark 5:22-24) {Emphasis Mine} Notice that Jesus did not rebuke Jairus for falling at His feet. He went to help him with the ultimate miracle, healing his servant. > But after hearing of Him, a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit immediately came and **fell at His feet**. Now the woman was a Gentile, of the Syrophoenician race. And she kept asking Him to cast the demon out of her daughter. And He was saying to her, “Let the children be satisfied first, for it is not good to take the children’s bread and throw it to the dogs.” But she answered and \*said to Him, “Yes, **Lord**, *but* even the dogs under the table feed on the children’s crumbs.” And He said to her, “Because of this answer go; the demon has gone out of your daughter.” (Mark 7:25-29) {Emphasis Mine} This woman fell at Jesus’s feet and called Him Lord (Adonai), but Jesus did not correct her. He gave to her her request because she believed in Him. In the same way: > Therefore, when Mary came where Jesus was, she saw Him, and **fell at His feet**, saying to Him, “**Lord**, if You had been here, my brother would not have died.” (John 11:32) {Emphasis Mine} Mary also fell at Jesus’s feet and called Him Lord without being corrected. Jesus accept this worship because He rightly deserved the worship and being called Lord because He is God. He confirmed His right to have people fall at His feet because He followed it up with raising Lazarus from the dead. In this next passage, a man didn’t just fall at Jesus’s feet or call Him Lord, this man worshipped Jesus. > Jesus heard that they had put him out, and finding him, He said, “Do you believe in the Son of Man?” He answered, “**Who is He, Lord, that I may believe in Him**?” Jesus said to him, “You have both seen Him, and He is the one who is talking with you.” And he said, “**Lord, I believe**.” And **he worshiped Him**. And Jesus said, “For judgment I came into this world, so that those who do not see may see, and that those who see may become blind.” (John 9:35-39) {Emphasis Mine} This man believed that Jesus was Lord and God and worshipped Him as such. Jesus did not reprimand this man for worshipping him instead of God. He accepted the worship and rebuked the hard hearted Pharisees that were in attendance. When Jesus was walking on water past the boat holding his disciples, and Peter called out to Him. Jesus called Peter out to join Him. When Peter began to sink in unbelief, Jesus rescued him and calmed the sea. Then: > When they got into the boat, the wind stopped. And **those who were in the boat worshiped Him, saying, “You are certainly God’s Son**!” (Matthew 14:32-33) {Emphasis Mine} This is yet another example of Jesus being worshipped and accepting the worship rather than rebuking them for worshipping a false god. If Jesus was just a man. This would be sin, but 2 Corinthians 5:21 says of Jesus, “*He made **Him who knew no sin** to be sin on our behalf, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him*.” If Jesus is sinless, He has to be God because He accepted the worship of people. In the Ten Commandments: > “You shall have **no other gods before Me**.\ > “You shall not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth. **You shall not worship them or serve them**; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me, (Exodus 20:3-5) {Emphasis Mine} God makes it perfectly clear that nobody can be worshipped other than Himself. The fact that Jesus repeatedly allows people to fall at His feet and worship Him means He is either God, a blasphemer and the worst of sinners, or a madman. He has not left us any other options. There are multiple additional examples of Jesus being worshipped and accepting worship. Right after being raised from the dead: > And behold, Jesus met them and greeted them. And they came up and **took hold of His feet and worshiped Him**. Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid; go and take word to My brethren to leave for Galilee, and there they will see Me.” (Matthew 28:9-10) {Emphasis Mine} When His disciples “*took hold of His feet and worshiped Him*,” His response was “*Do not be afraid*” instead of “Do not worship me.” > **When they saw Him, they worshiped Him**; but some were doubtful. And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to **observe all that I commanded you**; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” (Matthew 28:17-20) {Emphasis Mine} Jesus’s response to being worshipped is to say that He has “*All authority … in heaven and on earth*” and to tell them to “*observe all that I commanded you*.” If He was only a godly man, he would have rebuked the worshippers not talked about His authority and commands. > While He was blessing them, He parted from them and was carried up into heaven. And they, after **worshiping Him**, returned to Jerusalem with great joy, and were continually in the temple praising God. (Luke 24:51-53) {Emphasis Mine} I think I’ve have given plenty of examples to show that Jesus accepted worship and therefore is either God or a blaspheming sinner. No good man or Godly teacher would ever allow another to worship him without rebuking them. ## The Word Made Flesh > **In the beginning was the Word**, and the Word was with God, and the **Word was God**. He was in the beginning with God. **All things came into being through Him, and apart from Him nothing came into being that has come into being**. In Him was life, and the life was the Light of men.... And **the Word became flesh**, and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth. John testified about Him and cried out, saying, “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me has a **higher rank** than I, for **He existed before me**.’ ” For of His fullness we have all received, and grace upon grace. For the Law was given through Moses; grace and truth were realized through **Jesus Christ**. " (John 1:1-4, 14-17) {Emphasis Mine} “**In the beginning was the Word**” refers to before time and space began. This refers to God, the first cause of all things that exist. The Word "*was with God*" and "*was God*" and "*All things came into being through Him*" (aka He is creator). These verses are explicitly saying that the Word is God and implying He is God since He is the creator. At the end of the verse it is made clear who “*The Word*” is. John is referring to Jesus Christ as “*The Word*.” John the Baptist also refers to Jesus as God when he talks of His higher rank and that Jesus existed before John (Other gospels say John was physically born first, so this refers to Jesus existing well before His physical birth). The Bible clearly teaches that Jesus is God and I am seriously concerned that anyone who denies Jesus’s deity will be one of those referred to in this passage: > Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?’ And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness.’ (Matthew 7:22-23) If you are one of those who believes that Jesus is only a good man, a good teacher, a prophet, or a righteous man created for God’s purpose, I beg you to do like these Christians who were praised for their actions: > Now these were more noble-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they received the word with great eagerness, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so. (Acts 17:11) Trust Jesus.\ \ your sister in Christ, Christy Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated FYI, I’ve included this extended passage without commentary because it is an excellent passage describing the trinity and including God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. > 8Philip \*said to Him, “Lord, show us the Father, and it is enough for us.” 9Jesus \*said to him, “Have I been so long with you, and yet you have not come to know Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 10Do you not believe that **I am in the Father, and the Father is in Me**? The words that I say to you I do not speak on My own initiative, but the Father abiding in Me does His works. 11Believe Me that **I am in the Father and the Father is in Me**; otherwise believe because of the works themselves. 12Truly, truly, I say to you, he who believes in Me, the works that I do, he will do also; and greater works than these he will do; because I go to the Father. 13Whatever you ask in My name, that will I do, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14If you ask Me anything in My name, I will do it. > > 15 “If you love Me, you will **keep My commandments**. > > 16 I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may be with you forever; 17that is the **Spirit of truth**, whom the world cannot receive, because it does not see Him or know Him, but **you know Him because He abides with you and will be in you**. > > 18 “I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you. 19After a little while the world will no longer see Me, but you will see Me; because I live, you will live also. 20In that day you will know that **I am in My Father, and you in Me**, and I in you. 21**He who has My commandments and keeps them** is the one who loves Me; and he who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I will love him and will disclose Myself to him.” (John 14:8-21) {Emphasis Mine} This post is scheduled to publish on Sunday, September 15th on my [Trust Jesus Substack](https://trustjesus.substack.com/), but is being published early on nostr due to a discussion that occurred here.

@ 1f698bd4:68d58e60

### Dear family in Christ, #### We want to update you on the latest developments regarding our visa. We have finally received a *six-month extension*, but not the two and a half years we were hoping for. #### This decision was due to an error in the dates on the documents. We are a bit frustrated because the lawyer representing us did not correct this mistake and is not taking responsibility for it. Now, we have to make a new petition to immigration to stay here for the remaining two years, which means paying the government fees again, amounting to $1,000. We have also lost the benefit of having paid the “premium" service to expedite our case, as this is considered a new application. #### We ask that you continue to pray for our lawyer to accept her responsibility and cover the immigration fees. We praise God because, at least, we can stay here until March 2025 and do not have to rush back to Spain. #### *In the midst of these challenges*, our daughter Isabel fell off her scooter on Saturday and fractured two bones in her right arm. These have been difficult days for our little one as she gets used to managing without the help of her arm, which is causing her a lot of frustration. #### Besides the emotional aspect, we are facing a new financial challenge. Her appointment to get a cast is on Friday, and we need to pay $653 upfront, in addition to the costs from the emergency visit. #### Lately, we have been praying a lot, asking God for direction on how to move forward as a family. Carol and I believe it is good and God's will for her to be dedicated to the family and ministry, which demands a lot of time and has been our calling from the beginning. However, we see how it is becoming increasingly difficult to stay afloat with just my income. Every unexpected expense destabilizes our ability to cover the necessary monthly expenses, and that is why we are asking for your prayers for our family’s financial provision. #### We know that God’s promises are to bless His children and that the righteous will never be forsaken. Please join us in asking God for His favor and provision for this need, and for direction in our lives. #### *Thank you* in advance for your prayers. May God bless your life with fullness of joy! #### Love, Perera Family.

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

This title came from a statement from R.C. Sproul in his sermon entitled “How Does Truth Command Me?” that was the inspiration of this post. We have all been taught to blindly follow either the crowd or the so-called authority figures. We are not taught to seek the truth. We are not taught to seek what is right. We are taught to follow the crowd. ### All Like Sheep Have Gone Astray Unfortunately, following the crowd almost always leads us astray. > **All of us like sheep have gone astray**,\ > Each of us has turned to his own way;\ > But the Lord has caused the iniquity of us all\ > To fall on Him. (Isaiah 53:6) {emphasis mine} If you are a student, have you been trained to blindly follow the teacher or your peers rather than actively seeking the truth? If you are working in a career, have you been trained to fit in with your peers or do whatever management says even if those actions are foolish or immoral? Does your church follow the culture or the word of God as explicitly stated in the Bible? Who or what are you following? Are you following the media? the culture? authority figures? your heart? or are you following the word of God? Do you even know the Bible to know if you are following the word of God or not? > “**My people have become lost sheep;\ > Their shepherds have led them astray**.\ > They have made them turn aside on the mountains;\ > They have gone along from mountain to hill\ > And have forgotten their resting place.\ > All who came upon them have devoured them;\ > And their adversaries have said, ‘We are not guilty,\ > Inasmuch as they have sinned against the Lord\ > who is the habitation of righteousness,\ > Even the Lord, the hope of their fathers.’ (Jeremiah 50:6-7) {emphasis mine} There is a reason that people are frequently referred to as sheep in the Bible. Sheep aren’t very smart. They don’t think things through. They tend to blindly follow the flock or the shepherd without thinking about where that may lead them. ### Follow the Good Shepherd > For you have been called for this purpose, since Christ also suffered for you, **leaving you an example for you to follow in His steps**, who committed no sin, nor was any deceit found in His mouth; and while being reviled, He did not revile in return; while suffering, He uttered no threats, but kept entrusting Himself to Him who judges righteously; and He Himself bore our sins in His body on the cross, so that we might die to sin and live to righteousness; for by His wounds you were healed. For **you were continually straying like sheep, but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Guardian of your souls**. (1 Peter 2:21-25) {emphasis mine} Following the herd or flock will lead us astray. Following the many self-proclaimed shepherds will lead us astray. Following the true “*Shepherd and Guardian of your souls*” will lead you in the path of righteousness and lead you to obedience to God. One sign that we truly are Christians is that we can recognize what is from Jesus and what is from the Devil. Reading, studying, and memorizing the Bible will help us determine truth, but the Holy Spirit, who indwells all believers, also guides us. > “I am the good shepherd, and **I know My own and My own know Me**, even as the Father knows Me and I know the Father; and I lay down My life for the sheep. I have other sheep, which are not of this fold; I must bring them also, and they will hear My voice; and they will become one flock with one shepherd.” (John 10:14-16) {emphasis mine} Those who have truly trusted in Jesus as Savior should recognize the voice of the “*Good Shepherd*” and follow Him. > But you do not believe because you are not of My sheep. **My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me**; and I give eternal life to them, and they will never perish; and no one will snatch them out of My hand. My Father, who has given them to Me, is greater than all; and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father’s hand. (John 10:26-29) {emphasis mine} Are you following the Good Shepherd (Jesus) or are you following false shepherds or lost flocks? ### Standing Alone When we surround ourselves with a group of godly believers (friends, family, or church), standing firm on the word of God tends to not feel too burdensome. We have others to lean on and to help us stay on the path. When we feel like we are standing alone, it is really hard to stay faithful. It is easy to follow the herd instead of standing firm on the foundation set for us by the Creator, Jesus. There are many people in the Bible who felt the same way, and yet they stayed faithful till the end. > God has not rejected His people whom He foreknew. Or do you not know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? “Lord, they have killed Your prophets, they have torn down Your altars, and **I alone am left, and they are seeking my life**.” But what is the divine response to him? “I have kept for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” In the same way then, there has also come to be at the present time a remnant according to God’s gracious choice. (Romans 11:2-5) {emphasis mine} In reality, you are never alone. God is with all believers, but there are also other believers around. Some believers are good at standing firm in the face of adversity. Sadly, most are not and will try to hide in the crowd to keep from standing out or being attacked. We are called to obey God even if nobody else will. We are called to obey God even if it costs us our life. Being that faithful believer who stands up even when he feels all alone can make an amazing difference. One stands up against the godless culture. Another, with less courage, sees the faithful stand and grows in courage and decides to stand alongside the first. Others, seeing the faith of the two, gain courage and decide to join in for what is right. Pretty soon even unbelievers start to notice and become interested in what makes them different and courageous. ### Jesus died for you. What would you do for Him? On the other hand, when none choose to stand for what is right, things can get pretty bad fast. This poem written during the reign of Adolf Hitler is a sad reminder of what happens when nobody speaks up against evil. > First they came for the socialists,\ > and I did not speak out—because I was not a socialist. > > Then they came for the trade unionists,\ > and I did not speak out—because I was not a trade unionist. > > Then they came for the Jews,\ > and I did not speak out—because I was not a Jew. > > Then they came for me—and there was no one left to speak for me. > > —Martin Niemöller There were many Christians and churches in Germany at this time, but they chose to keep silent in order to not inconvenience their lives. The result was great evil and the loss of many lives and souls. This quote, often wrongly attributed to Edmund Burke, succinctly states a great truth: > The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing. Although Burke did have a much longer similar quote, it is unknown who gave this exact quote. Still it is true. So often we worry so much about “Thou shalt not …” that we miss the “Thou Shalt …” Sometimes what we fail to do is as bad or worse than the bad thing we do. When evil (as defined in the Bible) prevails, we are called to stand up for the truth and for God’s standard. We are called to battle evil, even when it is inconvenient, and even when it is dangerous to our very lives. These are not necessarily Christians standing up for their faith, but they are people standing up for what is right despite the fact that everyone else is cowering in fear and going along to get along. This picture is a solitary college student standing up to tanks in Tiananmen Square in China to protest tyranny and silencing of speech. This young man lost his life, but he made a difference in China and beyond and has been a hero and an encouragement to many. Look closely to this one man in the crowd at a rally for Hitler. The whole crowd is enthusiastically giving the Nazi salute to Hitler. I’m sure some don’t like Hitler, the Nazis, or the salute, but they are going along to get along. One brave soul out of hundreds is taking a stand. He refuses to give the salute. We all know what the Nazis represented. They murdered disfavored groups like the Jews. They silenced opponents. They did medical experimentation on undesirables. When the modern world thinks of evil, this is what they think of, but most of the people went along with the crowd. This was herd morality. Even most churches went along with the Nazi regime. Only a few brave souls stood up and said, “No, this is wrong.” Only a few risked their lives to either speak up or to try to rescue those who were being destroyed. Is your faith strong enough that you would be the one man in the crowd refusing to give the salute? Would you be like Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and risk your life to sneak Jewish children out of Germany to rescue their lives? He did the right thing, but ultimately lost his life. Are you willing to stand up against the evil in our culture today and say, “That is wrong!”? What Biblical truths are dear enough that you would risk your livelihood or your life to defend? If your life was threatened, but you would be left alone if you denied Jesus, would you deny Him? ### Will You Follow the Herd or the Shepherd? We learned that following herd morals is a bad idea and that we should follow the commands of the Good Shepherd, Jesus Christ. Whom will you follow? Will you stand firm? What will you endure for the one who died for you? > **By this we know that we have come to know Him, if we keep His commandments**. The one who says, “I have come to know Him,” and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him; but whoever keeps His word, in him the love of God has truly been perfected. By this we know that we are in Him: **the one who says he abides in Him ought himself to walk in the same manner as He walked**. (1 John 2:3-6) {emphasis mine} The God and Creator of the universe came down to Earth as a man and lived the perfect life that we couldn’t, died on the cross to be a sacrifice for our sins, and was raised on the third day proving He had conquered sin and death. Jesus is our example, and “*the one who says he abides in Him ought himself to walk in the same manner as He walked*.” In addition to living sinless life as an example, God gave us His word so we would know His commandments. > **All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable** for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work. (2 Timothy 3:16-17) {emphasis mine} God gave us everything we needed to live the life He has set before us. He gave us access to the truth. He gave us access to who He is. He gave us access to what He requires of us. We need to follow Him and not the herd. > And **do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed** **by the renewing of your mind**, so that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. (Romans 12:2) {emphasis mine} We are commanded to “*not be conformed to this world*.” We are not to have herd morals. We are called to be “*transformed by the renewing of your mind*.” How will our mind be renewed? Our minds are renewed by faith in Jesus, the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, and the studying of the inspired word of God. Do not be conformed, but trust Jesus.\ \ your sister in Christ, Christy Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated

@ 6871d8df:4a9396c1

Darryl Cooper — aka [Martyrmade](https://www.martyrmade.com/) — has had a whirlwind of a couple of weeks. For those who don't know Cooper, he is a Twitter personality and podcaster who wades into some weighty subject matter. I first found him from a tweet that went viral back in 2021, which resonated with me so absolutely that I had to give him a follow. [ ](https://x.com/martyrmade/status/1413165168956088321) From there, I saw he was a history buff and had a podcast exploring complicated, deep, interesting topics that I have seen very few people explore. I started to listen and became hooked. Cooper's material is _long_. Some series go on for about 30 hours of podcast time. Don't let the length fool you, though; they are engaging in a way that I have yet to experience with history material. He explores topics with such incredible nuance and detail that you almost feel like you're there. He dives deep into each side's motivations, bringing the events to life in such vivid detail that you feel right in the middle of it all. Shilling for him aside, I wasn't the only one who became hooked and wanted to share his content. Joining me was Tucker Carlson, who had him on his [podcast](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOTgPEGYS2o), talking to him about a wide array of subjects. However, there was a particular spot in his podcast that caused quite a stir: Cooper's thoughts on WWII. Without diving into specifics, Cooper's analysis of WWII veered into territory that challenged some of the widely accepted narratives about the war. He predicted the backlash, noting that certain topics have become untouchable, akin to mythic lore. And sure enough, the media response was swift and harsh. The backlash was unnecessary and deeply disappointing, especially from some personalities I admire. For me, the most grotesque [response](https://www.thefp.com/p/niall-ferguson-history-and-anti-history?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=organic-social) was from Niall Ferguson. The subject matter of the response aside, the _way_ he responded, and the attacks he threw at Cooper were the most disappointing. I have no issue with historians who want to challenge his thoughts on the merits, but interestingly, to do that alone was rare. To start his response to Cooper, Ferguson talks of Tucker Carlson's description of Cooper as "the most important popular historian working in the United States today" as ridiculous because "...when I went to look for his books. There are none." **So yeah, Cooper is a charlatan because he hasn't written any books.** But as someone who likes and respects Niall — I have read two of his books, The Accent of Money and Civilization — I can say that as a historian, I can't recall a single thing from him. Unfortunately, I couldn't repeat one piece of information, insight, or overarching point he was trying to convey in either of those books. Although, I'll be the first to admit that I am sure they were well-researched and elegantly put together. While I respect Ferguson's research, his books felt distant and dry, like they were more concerned with academic posturing than engaging the reader. In contrast, Cooper's work draws you in emotionally, giving the history real weight and relevance. For example, I will always remember [Fear & Loathing in New Jerusalem](https://www.martyrmade.com/featured-podcasts/fear-loathing-in-the-new-jerusalem) by Cooper. I listened to all 26 hours- the equivalent of any book- and was hooked for two weeks straight. You can almost feel that it hurts him to get into the minds of those in the middle of these conflicts. The passion seems genuine, which makes the content much more accessible to digest and trust. Cooper doesn't just teach history; he makes you feel the weight of it. He made me fully appreciate how complex the issues in the Middle East were in a way that made me _actually_ feel educated on the subject. Interestingly, I didn't come out choosing a side, either. I came out understanding _why_ we are here where we are today and _why_ there are such passionate voices on both sides, which, for me, is far more significant. So yeah, sure — he hasn't written any books 🤷‍♂️. But is that what the goal of a historian should be? To write books? No, obviously not. A historian's role isn't just to churn out books or pile up credentials; it's to help people understand the complexities of the past and foster empathy for those who lived through it. For me, a good historian answers this question: **How did I help the audience better understand the complexities of the period I'm teaching, fostering empathy for the challenges and perspectives of the people of that time?** And with that goal, Cooper does that as well as anyone. Sometimes, I am unpleasantly reminded that even though they rail against their tactics, the conservatives can fall just as easily into the elitism of academic credentialism as progressives. Ironically, starting his argument with those cheap attacks made me roll my eyes rather than want to take his criticisms seriously. Ferguson's critique reflects a broader issue within academic circles—an overemphasis on credentials at the expense of real engagement or value-add with audiences and source material. But as the way we consume information shifts, so too must our understanding of what makes a historian valuable. At the end of the day, we shouldn't measure historical understanding by credentials or publications alone. It's about fostering empathy, grappling with nuance, and helping people grasp the complexities of the past. By that measure, Darryl Cooper is as much a historian as anyone—whether or not he's written a book. In a world where we increasingly consume information through podcasts and social media, perhaps the future of history looks a lot more like Darryl Cooper's work—engaging, empathetic, and free from the constraints of academia.

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

Operational Security and Your Digital Life I. Definitions Operations security (OPSEC) is a process that identifies what information can be seen by threat actors, whether that information could be weaponized, and possible mitigation actions. Your digital life is every interaction you have, all personal identifying, financial, and health information, your preferences, your habits, and any history that can be obtained both publicly and privately that has ever been recorded or digitized. Your digital life is a incredibly rich field for various actors to observe, record, analyze, sell, and exploit for profit, harm, or control. Some of this information you give away without thinking (social media), some you give to one party but it is shared without your knowledge to other parties (data brokers, big tech), or it is taken without your consent (criminals, governments). II. Threats It would be impossible to list them all but a few examples: Mass surveillance by governments to fight crime, terrorism, civil unrest, and control the population. This is across the board blanket information on everyone that is stored for later use from feeding algorithms for social credit systems to lists of people who are threats that need to be disappeared. The only variable is how explicit the government in question is doing it. Corporate surveillance by public and private companies for marketing, market share, or selling for profit. Your data is incredibly profitable. Entire mega companies have built their entire business model on it like Google, Meta, and various Data Brokers. This information is collected and stored. It is then used internally, sold for profit, acquired by governments, or stolen by nefarious actors. Criminal or Nefarious Surveillance for harm, control, or profit. This is a catch all from partners in a controlling relationship, angry ex's wanting revenge, religions and groups watching their members, terrorists and cults looking for people to recruit or indoctrinate, and foreign espionage to plain old criminals who want your information to sell to other criminals, looking for blackmail opportunities, to steal your financial or social accounts, or identity theft. III. Mitigation To do this properly a security self audit should be performed to determine exactly what assets you have to protect, how at risk they are, ranking their priority, and specific steps that are needed to protect them. I will detail how to do this for the average person in a later post but until then we will stick to generalities. It is impossible to to block or hide all information all the time. Not only is it impossible but it would be exhausting to even try. This is where most people interested in privacy get confused, lost, and give up the idea of privacy because the only path they see to achieve it is living in a underground faraday cage out in the woods. The only viable path is obscurity and compartmentlizion. Compartmentation of your devices, accounts, and digital selves is wildly misunderstood and not applied properly. Done incorrectly this can be disastrous if you are too casual with something that you thought was hidden or putting a spotlight on yourself by attempting to be obscured. IV. Tactics For Everyone Common advice I give to everyone. I don't care what your thoughts are on privacy and security, you should be doing this. 1. Do not give your personal email or phone number to anyone except friends and family. This just opens you up to spam, phishing attacks, and an identifying tracer. Use a email alias service or a throw away email account to give to stores and online accounts. Get a VOIP number for that dating app or service quote. When your real number rings, recieves texts, or get a email you know it is from someone you know and trust. 2. Use cash locally if you can and for everything else get a virtual debit or credit card with a spending limit or fixed amount. Do you really need your entire paycheck, emergency savings, life savings tied to a single card / account? Are you really entering your real credit card or banking information into a random website to buy something? Even if it's not a scam site, how well are they protecting it while in transit or storage? You will probably get the money back in case of fraud but why feed the beast and besides it's a total hassle to get your accounts frozen, wait for reimbursement, open and change accounts. Just avoid it. For extra credit you can use visa gift cards purchased with cash to obscure your financial transactions if you choose. Every financial transaction doesn't have to be public record. 3. Stop using unencrypted phone calls and SMS texts. Switch to encrypted options such as Signal or SimpleX and make anyone who wants to have contact with you reach out to you on it. Even if you "have nothing to hide" there is no reason for you to broadcast every personal conversation, comment, or shared meme with Ma'bell, the government, and anyone else listening and recording. Seriously, just stop. V. Compartmentation of Your Digital Selves I will keep this very high level as this article has already run longer than I intended but will cover this in much greater detail in the future. You can break down all digital activities and interactions into several broad categories or digital selves. Then build separate systems for use in each category depending on the activity and need. The trick is to preplan what activities go where. Using the wrong account on the wrong system means they are now burned. Letting the systems overlap and contaminate each other then you risk exposing anything ever done on those systems. The separation can be accomplished with multiple accounts and devices, isolated virtual machines, or operating systems that enable compartmentation such as Qubes OS or Tails. VI. Breakdown 0. Public This is the default. This is you. Your real name, address, and details. This is unavoidable and would be weird and attract attention if you didn't have one. Use this for any KYC activities that you have to log into such as taxes, bank accounts, utility bills, etc. Clearnet only, you have nothing to hide. Awareness: If it has to be public then put your best foot forward. Only show them what you want them to see and make it good and boring. Blend into the crowd of normies not important enough to pay attention to. 1. Private No logins to KYC services. Traffic routed through a VPN. Use of sudo anonymous account names. You are Neo, not Mr. Anderson. Use for most social media that is not public facing. Shopping and browsing that would be embarrassing or misunderstood if made public. Encrypted to protect against criminals and looky loos. A good default if people just don't need to know. Awareness: Do not be confused by the word private. The goal is to make it to difficult, to expensive, or just not worth the effort to determine exactly who you are and what you are doing but it's not impossible. Only use this with the knowledge that someday it might get doxxed. That potential only increases with time and frequency of use of accounts. Not to be used for anything that could be considered illegal or has the potential to get you fired or cancelled. 2. Anonymous Only single use non KYC logins. Single purpose accounts and names that are burned after achieving that purpose. Traffic routed only through Tor. Encryption by default. Use if you are a whistle blower, freedom fighter, activist, or for shady activities. Awareness: Be very careful and deliberate with this system as to not accidentally compromise it with something that would have been better served by a different system. Rotate and clean accounts and systems often. Don't carry stuff over after a cleaning to a new system. Reusing names and handles is how people get busted. 3. Nemo Nemo doesn't exist. There is no record that they ever existed. Only amnesiac systems are even used and never a login. If files or traces are left behind they are encrypted, hidden, and have plausible deniability. --- Enjoy anon, more to come.

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# Bye-Bye Reply Guy There is a camp of nostr developers that believe spam filtering needs to be done by relays. Or at the very least by DVMs. I concur. In this way, once you configure what you want to see, it applies to all nostr clients. But we are not there yet. In the mean time we have ReplyGuy, and gossip needed some changes to deal with it. ## Strategies in Short 1. **WEB OF TRUST**: Only accept events from people you follow, or people they follow - this avoids new people entirely until somebody else that you follow friends them first, which is too restrictive for some people. 2. **TRUSTED RELAYS**: Allow every post from relays that you trust to do good spam filtering. 3. **REJECT FRESH PUBKEYS**: Only accept events from people you have seen before - this allows you to find new people, but you will miss their very first post (their second post must count as someone you have seen before, even if you discarded the first post) 4. **PATTERN MATCHING**: Scan for known spam phrases and words and block those events, either on content or metadata or both or more. 5. **TIE-IN TO EXTERNAL SYSTEMS**: Require a valid NIP-05, or other nostr event binding their identity to some external identity 6. **PROOF OF WORK**: Require a minimum proof-of-work All of these strategies are useful, but they have to be combined properly. ## filter.rhai Gossip loads a file called "filter.rhai" in your gossip directory if it exists. It must be a Rhai language script that meets certain requirements (see the example in the gossip source code directory). Then it applies it to filter spam. This spam filtering code is being updated currently. It is not even on unstable yet, but it will be there probably tomorrow sometime. Then to master. Eventually to a release. Here is an example using all of the techniques listed above: ```rhai // This is a sample spam filtering script for the gossip nostr // client. The language is called Rhai, details are at: // https://rhai.rs/book/ // // For gossip to find your spam filtering script, put it in // your gossip profile directory. See // https://docs.rs/dirs/latest/dirs/fn.data_dir.html // to find the base directory. A subdirectory "gossip" is your // gossip data directory which for most people is their profile // directory too. (Note: if you use a GOSSIP_PROFILE, you'll // need to put it one directory deeper into that profile // directory). // // This filter is used to filter out and refuse to process // incoming events as they flow in from relays, and also to // filter which events get/ displayed in certain circumstances. // It is only run on feed-displayable event kinds, and only by // authors you are not following. In case of error, nothing is // filtered. // // You must define a function called 'filter' which returns one // of these constant values: // DENY (the event is filtered out) // ALLOW (the event is allowed through) // MUTE (the event is filtered out, and the author is // automatically muted) // // Your script will be provided the following global variables: // 'caller' - a string that is one of "Process", // "Thread", "Inbox" or "Global" indicating // which part of the code is running your // script // 'content' - the event content as a string // 'id' - the event ID, as a hex string // 'kind' - the event kind as an integer // 'muted' - if the author is in your mute list // 'name' - if we have it, the name of the author // (or your petname), else an empty string // 'nip05valid' - whether nip05 is valid for the author, // as a boolean // 'pow' - the Proof of Work on the event // 'pubkey' - the event author public key, as a hex // string // 'seconds_known' - the number of seconds that the author // of the event has been known to gossip // 'spamsafe' - true only if the event came in from a // relay marked as SpamSafe during Process // (even if the global setting for SpamSafe // is off) fn filter() { // Show spam on global // (global events are ephemeral; these won't grow the // database) if caller=="Global" { return ALLOW; } // Block ReplyGuy if name.contains("ReplyGuy") || name.contains("ReplyGal") { return DENY; } // Block known DM spam // (giftwraps are unwrapped before the content is passed to // this script) if content.to_lower().contains( "Mr. Gift and Mrs. Wrap under the tree, KISSING!" ) { return DENY; } // Reject events from new pubkeys, unless they have a high // PoW or we somehow already have a nip05valid for them // // If this turns out to be a legit person, we will start // hearing their events 2 seconds from now, so we will // only miss their very first event. if seconds_known <= 2 && pow < 25 && !nip05valid { return DENY; } // Mute offensive people if content.to_lower().contains(" kike") || content.to_lower().contains("kike ") || content.to_lower().contains(" nigger") || content.to_lower().contains("nigger ") { return MUTE; } // Reject events from muted people // // Gossip already does this internally, and since we are // not Process, this is rather redundant. But this works // as an example. if muted { return DENY; } // Accept if the PoW is large enough if pow >= 25 { return ALLOW; } // Accept if their NIP-05 is valid if nip05valid { return ALLOW; } // Accept if the event came through a spamsafe relay if spamsafe { return ALLOW; } // Reject the rest DENY } ```

@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848

This is the lightly-edited AI generated transcript of Bitcoin Infinity Show #125. The transcription isn't perfect, but it's usually pretty good! If you'd like to support us, send us a zap or check out the Bitcoin Infinity Store for our books and other merchandise! <https://bitcoininfinitystore.com/> # Intro **Luke:** Paolo, Mathias, welcome to the Bitcoin Infinity Show. Thank you for joining us. **Paolo:** Thank you for having us. **Knut:** Yeah, good to have you here, guys. We're going to talk a bit about Keet and Holepunch and a little bit about Tether today, aren't we? **Luke:** Sounds like that's the plan. So thank you again, both for joining us. # Introducing Paolo and Mathias **Luke:** would you both mind giving a quick introduction on yourselves just so our listeners have the background on you **Paolo:** Sure, I'm Paolo Arduino, I'm the CEO at Tether. I started my career as a developer, I pivoted towards more, strategy and execution for, Tether and Bitfinex. And, co founded with Matthias, Holepunch, that is, building very, crazy and awesome technology, that is gonna be disrupting the way people communicate. **Luke:** And, Mathias, over to you. **Mathias:** Yeah, thank you. Yeah, I've been, so I come from a peer-to-peer background. I've been working with peer-to-peer technology. The last, I always say five, but it's probably more like 10 years. I did a lot of work on BitTorrent and I did a lot of work on JavaScript. and a little bit later to, Bitcoin and I saw a lot of potential on how we can use Bitcoin with pureology and like how we can use. P2P technology to bring the same mission that Bitcoin has, but to all kinds of data, setting all data free and, making everything private per default and self sovereignty and that kind of thing. I'm very into that. and I've been lucky to work with, like I said, with Paolo for, many years now and, Get a lot of, valuable, feedback and, idea sharing out of that. And we're on a mission to, build some, really cool things. In addition to all the things we've already been building. So it's super exciting and glad to be here. **Luke:** Oh, fantastic. # Introduction to Holepunch **Luke:** Matthias, that was a perfect segue into basically, an introduction to, can you tell us about, Holepunch. What is Holepunch and what are you doing? **Mathias:** Yeah, sure. like I said, we co founded the company a couple of years ago. Now, we've been building up a team of really talented peer to peer engineers. we're always hiring also. So if anybody's listening and want to join our mission, please, apply. we have some really smart people working with us. but we teamed up to basically. like I said in my introduction, I've been working on peer to peer technology for many years now and thinking ahead how we can, stop using all that technology when I started it was only used for basically piracy. I'm from the Nordics, and I think Knut is from the Nordics also, so he knows all about, the Nordics know about piracy. It wasn't back in the day. A lot of very interesting technologies came out of that. But basically, how can we use those ideas that were proven by piracy back then to be really unstoppable, because a lot of people wanted to stop it, but apply that same kind of mindset to the general data, so we can build actual applications that has that kind of quality, that can withstand the wrath of God. that can work without any centralization. Actually, nobody can shut down, not even the authorities if they wanted to. Basically unkillable and make that general enough that it can basically run any kind of application, solve a lot of really hot problems. it works on your own computers, your own networks. Mobile phones, and tie that up. I'm a developer by heart, into a software stack that people can just build on. So not everybody has to go in and tackle all these problems individually, but just give them some software to solve all this so they can, as much as possible, just worry about making really cool applications that we use, Yeah, like I said, we've been working really intensely on this, for a long time and in Holepunch, we made this our co mission to scale this up and, deliver a software stack on that. it's been really exciting and it's been really fun and it's been very, challenging, but if it's not challenging, then why, do it? and, especially, with the backing of, Tether, through Paolo and also just expertise from there, we have a good hand built to deliver this to the world. And, the first thing we did was, like, think about what's, a good first application that we can build that can showcase this, but also something we really want to use ourself and see scale have also have on the world. And obviously that was a communications app, keyed, which we was our first project. And, we're still in beta and we're still lots of work to do. And we're still iterating that really heavily, but I like to show that you can build these kind of apps without any kind of. central points. and we released that also, like the first thing we released when we launched the company. And like I said, we're still, building and still iterating it. A lot of fun. and then take the software stack from that, which we call the pair runtime and then split that out. So anybody else can build similar apps on top. With that same technology stack, and, yeah, that's, we launched that earlier this year also, and, it's been really exciting so far, and it's, I love going to work every day and solve, even though, you can see on my hair that it's not really good for, the head scratching, but, but, it's really fun, and it's really challenging, and it's interesting thing. goal as a company, basically to have that if we go out of business tomorrow, our technology continues to exist because we're not in the loop of anything. It's also sometimes really hard to explain that we don't have any, chip coins involved or any kind of limitations on the stack because we're basically engineering it not to be part of it, because that's the only way you can actually engineer these things that they can understand. anything, super exciting and, encourage everybody to try to check it out. **Luke:** we've both used Keet and I've certainly enjoyed the experience. I, think, the, basics of this, as I understand it, is that it's, entirely on both sides. The communicators end, or a group of communicators, it's all on their end, and the communication is entirely peer to peer, what is Keet really, what is the basics of Keet as, say, a product? What is the easiest way that you would explain what it is? # The Vision Behind Keet **Mathias:** But We're basically trying to just build a world class communications app that works to a large degree, like normal communication apps that you know, like Signal, Telegram, WhatsApp. Just with all the centralization tucked away, with all the costs of running it tucked away, and then adding all the features that also we can, because we're peer to peer People don't care about technology. We loved it, but don't have that surface off too much to the user. Just have the user use it as any other app, but then just have it be 100 percent private per default, 100 percent like no strings attached. It just works. if we get caught off by a. From the internet tomorrow, it will still work, that kind of thing, but deliver that in a way, and this is always our mission where users don't really need to worry about it. It just works. And, it works the same way to a large degree as their other apps work, except obviously, there's no phone numbers and things like that. Very cryptographically sound and, but trying always not to bubble it up. And I think that's, so it's actually a really simple mission, but it's obviously really hard. And that requires a lot of smart people, but luckily our users in a good way, don't need to be very smart about that. # Keet vs Nostr **Knut:** Yeah, a quick one there. No strings attached starts with the letters Nostr, so is, Keet and Nostr, do they go mix well together or, is there an integration there between the two? I see a lot of similarities here. **Paolo:** I tried to explain the differences between Kit and Nostr. I think Nostr is a very interesting protocol, but also is very, simple. the way I like to describe it is that, if you are familiar with the history of filesharing, Starting from the first one, super centralized, and then eventually every single step, you get to a decentralized platform. And the last one, the most decentralized one, that is BitTorrent. the history of file sharing proved that every time you try to centralize something, it ends up badly, right? if you have any special node in the system that does a little bit more than others and requires more resources than others to run, that will end up badly. You might end up in a small room with a lamp in your room. Point it to your face, and then everyone suddenly will stop running an indexer. That reminds me about Nostr structure. if you are building a peer to peer system, or if you are building a very resilient communication system, if you think about Nostr, you would imagine that if you have, 10 million or 100 million users, the number of relays would be probably less than the square root of the number of users. So that surface, although a hundred million users is very, they're not attackable, right? But the surface of, the relays is much more attackable. look at what is happening with, the coin joinin platforms, right? very similar. the beauty of KIT versus Nostr is that in KIT you have number of relays is actually equal to the number of users because the users are their own relays. and they can act as relays for others to, further their connectivity. That is how we think a technology that, has to be ready for the apocalypse and resilient to the wrath of God should, work. if you have, a log number of users or square root of number of users as relates, I don't think it's cool technology. It will work better than centralized, Technologies like WhatsApp and so on, or Twitter, but eventually will not work when you will need it the most. Because the point is that we will not know what will happen when we will need this technology the most. Today, not for everyone, but the world is still almost at peace. Things might unfold, in the future, maybe sooner rather than later. But when things unfold, you will need the best technology, the one that is truly independent, the one that is truly peer to peer. it's not really peer to peer if you have specialized relays, but where you have super peers randomly. **Luke:** Yeah, the difference here, between the Realize and not having any other centralized infrastructure in the picture is certainly an interesting distinction. I hadn't heard anything about that you can act as a next connector or something like that. # Pear Runtime **Luke:** So there's a couple of related things. I know there was an announcement about the, pair runtime, is that right? can you talk a little bit about that or any other, ways that this is growing in your whole, platform, **Mathias:** Yeah, sure. so basically when we talk about ideas, internally, also from our software background, We want to solve a small problem that then can solve it for everybody. So We want to build technology that can just send data around efficiently, so you can build any kind of app on top. We're all about modularity and taking these things to the extreme so we can repurpose it into any kind of application and other people can, get value out of it. And, that's been our mission from the get go. So basically, like Paolo said, when we built Keed. We took all of these primitives we have, it's all open source on our GitHub, that can do various things, relay encrypted data in a way that's completely private, nobody can read it, and in a generalizable way, so it can run on any applications. We have databases that can interpret, work with this data on device, but still in a way where nobody else knows what's going on, fully private, and we spent many years perfecting this, and it's still ongoing. And we, similar to like connectivity, it might seem really easy if you don't know what's going on that, connecting this computer to another computer and another place, but it's really hard because ISPs and, your internet providers, et cetera, they don't really want you to do that. So there's a lot of firewalls involved that you have to work around to get around This is all really, hard problems that took a long time to solve. But luckily, all of these are like generalizable problems where you just solve them once to a large degree, and then it's solved for everybody. If you put them in a modular framework where anybody can put the Legos together on top. And that's what we've been heavily invested in. And then as we were building Keed, we realized that Keete is just like 95 percent of these Lego blocks that are applicable for anything. So why not take all this stuff, pack it up for free, we don't make any money on it. and an open source runtime that we're just giving away so other people can contribute to it, but also build their own apps. the more peer to peer apps the world has, the better from my point of view. and document it and make it really easy to install. And I think actually Paolo said something interesting because as soon as you have, one point of centralization, you can always unravel it. coming from the Bitcoin days, I remember how quickly things can unravel. people went to jail for linking to things because authorities, when they crack down, really hard. so if you have one weak spot, it will be taken advantage of at some point by somebody. And so even things like distributing updates to your software can be really hard because this often requires a central point, like you go to a website and you don't download it. And so all apps built on our runtime, for example. It's distributed through the runtime, which is a little bit mind bending. So all apps are peer to peer data applications themselves, and the network doesn't care, which means that we can continue to distribute updates even, if everything gets shut down, you only need like a bootstrap for the first install when you get the app. So we're thinking that in. At every level, because it's really, important to us to, basically learn from everything that happened in the past and then actually build things that are resilient. And we take this to a degree where I'm sure we could move 10 times faster if we just let go a little bit of that idea, because it is easier to just put all the data in one place or put all the updates in one place. But then it's then we're just building the same old thing that's going to die eventually anyway. So we're very, uncompromising in that mission of actually decentralizing everything from updates to data, and then also always solving in a way where everybody can take advantage of that. And then the final thing I'll say about that is that, every time we update. That runtime, those building blocks of that runtime, every time we fix a bug, every time we make it faster, every app becomes faster. That's also very exciting. It's because you're building the whole infrastructure into this layer that runs on your phone. And it's all somewhat generalizable. Every time we fix something, it's just better for the entire ecosystem. And that's obviously really, exciting. And like I said, actually, no strings attached. Yeah, so I think you were referring to the trial of the Pirate Bay people there In Sweden, right? lucky enough to meet a couple of them in Denmark and it's been very fun to hear about their journey and, yeah, like **Knut:** and there, there's, there was a great documentary made about it called TPBAFK. So the Pirate Bay Away From Keyboard, about that whole trial and how, corrupt the system was even back then. And, throwing people in jail for providing links. they didn't do any more wrong than Google did, from a certain perspective. And, I remember even, before BitTorrents, there was a program called. DC or Direct Connect Do you remember that? **Mathias:** I used to, it was one of my first introductions to decentralization. it as you just shared your, like a Google Drive for everyone or something. Like you just shared parts of your file tree to everyone who wanted to peek into it, Yeah, anyway. Oh, that's good that you didn't know you were going with that. it interesting what you said, because I think it's interesting to think that I think to a large degree, the whole decentralization movement that was happening with BitTorrent back in the day got shut down because At some point, authorities figured out that they could just block DNS requests to shut it down for normal people, and as soon as they did that, it was actually effective. And to Paolo's point, no matter how weak it is, they're done. and they tried to kill the technology elsewhere, but that's actually what killed them. Then, obviously, alternatives came that people could pay for, and it also shows that people actually want, to stay on the right side of things. I think, now it's going very much in the wrong direction again, because now we're back at abusing that centralization again. the cycle will repeat. But, yeah, like any point of weakness will be attacked at any point. # Decentralization vs. Centralization **Luke:** So what are the drawbacks to decentralization? I think we and our audience certainly understand the benefit of decentralization, what you gain by decentralizing, but what do you naturally give up in terms of the user experience and the convenience factor? **Mathias:** yeah, I'm sure Paola has stuff to say here, but I'm just, I love talking about this stuff, so I'll go first. Mattias. I think it's a really interesting question, first of all, because it's one of those questions where You know, obviously I want to say there's no drawbacks, but like anything, it's a balance, right? Because it's not that there's drawbacks and advantages, there obviously is, but it's also just a different paradigm. first of all, with sensitization, I think one of the biggest thing I noticed also with developers is that we all come out of systems, education systems. That teaches how to think centralized, which makes us biased towards centralized solutions. and that's, I remember my whole curriculum was about servers and clients and stuff like that. it's actually really hard to think about decentralization as a developer. And I think that's actually part of why a lot of people think it's hard. It's complex because it is complex, but also because we're just like, we've been trained massively in the other direction, and it's really hard to go back because decentralization can be as simple as what Knut said about DC Connect, DC where it's just, oh, I'm just browsing other people's computers. That's amazing. That's a really, simple experience, and it's like something you can never do But like in today's world, people, the first thing I always get asked is like, how do I get a username? And I'm like, usernames have an inherent centralization and there's trade offs there. And we need to think that through and stuff. and most applications don't necessarily require usernames. I'm not saying that's a bad feature, but it's that's where you need to think more about the trade offs because there's governance involved to some degree. But for the core experience, and I think that's what we've shown in Keith so far. Then, there's obviously tons of upsides also, it's much easier to do big data transfers. Money is less of a concern, which actually changes the thinking, how you think about features. And that, again, is something we've been trained in a lot as developers, because we think centralized. When we talk about features at Holepunch, hey, we should add podcast recording to Keed. Normally somebody would say, that's going to cost a lot of money to host that data. And we just always we don't even have that discussion because it doesn't matter because it's just between the users. And then it's more about like the UX. But then other simple, like I said, other simple discussions, let's add a username index. That's where we're like, okay, let's think that through because there's like various things to think about there because there's no centric governance, and we don't want to introduce that because again, one point is. It's bad. so it's, more like you really need to think differently and it's really hard to wire your brain to think differently. but once you get past that point, I think it's, super interesting. And I, think actually developers care way more than normal people because, developers care a lot about how links look and links and structure and that. And normal people are just used to just clicking buttons and apps and going with the flow on that. And that's also what we're seeing, I think, with, a lot of key **Paolo:** I think the hiring has proven a little bit more challenging, as Matthias was saying, when you are told that the cloud is your friend, hosting, on, Google Cloud or AWS is the right thing to do. And, of course, it got cheaper and cheaper, so now everyone can host their websites. But the reality is that 70 percent of, the entire internet knowledge is hosted in the data centers of three companies. developers should think about that, should think about the fact that internet was born to be point to point and peer to peer. And, we are very far away from that initial concept. over the years, especially with the boom in, in the year 2000 for the internet boom, and bubble, then, realized that, holding people's data is the way to go, with social media and social network. That is even worse. And so you have these friendly advertisements that are telling you, That, with a smiley face that, you know, yeah, you should, upload all your data on, Apple cloud or Google cloud. And in general, cloud backups are great, right? You want to have some sort of redundancy in your life, but the reality is that you should be able to upload those. In an encrypted way, and yet most of this data sits unencrypted because, the big tech companies have to decrypt it and use it for, to milk the information to pay for, for, another month of their new data centers. the, issue is, we have so much power in our hands through our phones. the phones that we have today are much more powerful than the phones that we, or even the computers that we have 10 years ago or 5 years ago. And so We should, we are at a stage where we can use this hardware, not only for communicating, but also for in the future for AI processing and inference and so on. is, we need to, understand that the word cannot be connected to Google. I mean we cannot be a function of Google. We cannot be a function of AWS. And so I think that, there is, escalating pace of, towards centralization and it's almost a black hole. And eventually, the, we'll attract all the lights and if we are too close to it, no lights will come out anymore. And, that's why we want to really to double down on this technology, because it's not going to be easy, right? It's going to be very challenging, and most of the people don't care, as Maite has said before. Most of the people will think, everything works with WhatsApp and, Signal, but Signal announced that their 2023 costs for data centers and data center costs are around 50 million, and they, apart from the mobile coin that was not The best thing that they could do, there is, it's not easy for them to monetize. And the problem is that if you are, you're basically almost the only way to monetize it is to sell your customer's data. So if you don't want to sell your customer data, eventually your service will not be sustainable. So the only way to make it sustainable is actually going back to peer, where you can leverage people, infrastructure, people, connectivity, people, phones, people, processing power, Deliver very high quality communication system. And when they will care, it will be probably usually too late if nothing exists yet. when people will care is because shit is hitting the fan. And, you really want to have a solution that is not, that will survive if, the countries around you or around the country where you live are not going to be nice to your own country. So that's the view to peer-to-peer. The peer-to-peer wheel system will keep working if your neighbor countries are not going to be nice towards you. That's independence, that's resiliency, those are terms that, we need to take very seriously, especially seeing where the, world is going to. **Knut:** Yeah, I think we're all primed for, centralized solutions, from a very young age. this is the state, this is what it is like, state funded schooling. state funders or state subsidized media. We are, like brainwashed into, trusting, institutions all our lives. So I think that is somewhat connected to why people are so reluctant to be vigilant about this on the internet. I think the two go hand in hand that we, take the comfortable way, or most people take the comfortable route of, not taking responsibility for their own stuff. not only on the internet, but outsourcing responsibility to the government is basically the, another side of the same coin, right? **Mathias:** I also find it very interesting, especially being from a small country like Denmark that doesn't have a lot of homegrown infrastructure. And I'm just seeing how much communication with some of the public entities is happening through centralized platforms like Facebook and things like that, where even though we centralize it, we also centralize it in companies that we don't even have any control over in different countries where we probably have, no rights at all. So it's like hyper centralization, especially from the weakest point of view. And I think that's super problematic. And I'm always. Thinking it's, weird that we're not talking about that more especially when you look at the things that they're trying to do in the EU, they're almost trying to just push more in that direction, which I find even more interesting. yeah, definitely. it's, a huge problem and it's only getting bigger. And that's, why # Challenges and Future of Decentralization **Luke:** So to what level can decentralization actually get there? What is the limit to decentralization? And I'll calibrate this with an example. The internet itself, you said it was built to essentially originally be decentralized, but we don't have it. For physical links, like individual physical links between each other, the fiber or whatever the wire is goes together into another group of wires, which eventually go into some backbone, which is operated by a company. And then that goes into the global Internet. And so somewhere it centralizes into telecom companies and other services. It might be decentralized on one level, but there is a layer of centralized services that make the internet work that isn't necessarily the so called cloud providers and that sort of thing. So is there a limitation to how far this can go? **Paolo:** I think the, in general, sure, there are the ISPs and, their physical infrastructure is in part centralized, but also you start having redundancy, right? So for example, the backbones are redundant. There are multiple companies running, cross connects across different areas of the world. Now you have Starlink if you want. that is a great way to start decentralizing connectivity because Starlink will not be the only one that will run satellites, so there will be multiple companies that will allow you to connect through satellites, plus you have normal cabling. So you will have, it will become a huge mesh network, it's already in part, but it will become more and more a huge mesh network. in general, you will always find a way, even with a pigeon, to start sending bits out of your house. I think the most important part is, you have to be in control of your own data, and then, you need to send this data with the shortest path to the people that you want to talk to. Right now, I usually make this example, because I think it's When we do this presentation, we try to make people think about how much waste also centralized systems have created. imagine you live in Rome, you live in Rome and you have your family. Most people live nearby their families. That is a classic thing among humans. 90 percent of the people live nearby their families. Maybe nearby, like 10km, 50km nearby. If you talk to your family, every single message, every single photo that you will send to your family, that message will travel, instead of going 50 kilometers in a nearby town where your mother lives or your father lives, it will travel every single message, every single bit of every single video call or every single bit of every photo will travel 5, 000 miles to Frankfurt just to go back 50 kilometers from you. Imagine how much government spent in order to create these internet lines and to empower them to make it bigger, more, with more capacity Peer to peer allows with a lower latency, allows to save on bandwidth, allows to save on cost of global infrastructure. So that's how, actually, We can create better mesh networks, more resilient mesh networks, just because data will always find the shortest path from one point to another. And still all roads lead to Rome. I'm Italian, so I need to use Rome as an example. **Knut:** Yeah. **Mathias:** I think the discussion here is really interesting compared to Bitcoin, because it's actually the scaling longer term. Sovereignty, like how, Bitcoin kind of told us very direct terms that if you have a key pair, you have your money. And it doesn't matter where you are in the world. If you have that key pair, you have a way to get to that money. the means of transportation, it's actually very uninteresting in that sense, because you have it with you. The Internet today, the centralized Internet is designed in a way where, what does it mean to go to Facebook? it's really hard to explain because it's like some certificate that issued by somebody, and there's. Some, cabal of companies that manages them, there's some regulations around it, but we don't really actually understand it that well as normal people. Technically, we can understand it, but it's very, centralized and it's very, opaque and it's built into the infrastructure in that way, in a bad way. And, with Pure Technology, we're taking the same approach as Bitcoin here and saying, You're just a key pair, and the other person is just a key pair, and there's a bunch of protocols around that, but the transportation is actually not that interesting. Right now, we use the internet to do it. We'll probably do that for a long time, but there's no reason why we can take the same technology we have right now and in 50 years run it on, laser beams or something else, because we're taking the software and feedback. # Bitcoin and Holepunch: Drawing Parallels **Mathias:** I think, that's the main thing to think about in that. Discussion. **Luke:** when, Paolo, when you were talking about that people don't care, when you were saying that people don't care because WhatsApp just works, I was at the same time thinking that's the parallel of people saying that, I don't care because Visa just works, right? And so the parallel between Bitcoin and what you're doing at Holepunch, Keet, everything else here, really seems to be tracking along the same line. And I guess there's the connection that, I won't say all, but a lot of the people involved are already in the Bitcoin ecosystem. But can you comment on is there a little more of a connection there between Holepunch and Keet and Bitcoin? **Paolo:** Yeah, Bitcoin definitely is working and servicing, I think, in a good way, many, people in communities. The users of Bitcoin today are, unfortunately, and also that relates to Tether, mostly, in the Western world, in the richer countries, as a way to save wealth and, as a store of value, more than a means of exchange. For different reasons, right? We'd like a network that would improve, of course, over time, and there will be different approaches, but, still, the world is not yet using Bitcoin, but the world will use Bitcoin when shit will hit the fan. but the beauty of Bitcoin is that an option is already there, is available, and when something bad will happen, people immediately, with a snap of a finger, will turn to Bitcoin, and will have it and can use it. don't have that in communications. What is our communica our parallel with communications, if we don't have it? I don't know, because if, if suddenly centralized communications will, be blocked, then, or privacy in communications will be blocked, and you cannot, you cannot use Whatsapp, or Whatsapp has to start giving all the information to every single government. and the government will become more evil than what they are today, also western governments then. don't, we wanted to build the exact parallel as we said it, we just tried to describe it, that with Bitcoin, for communications. We need to have something that, since there are so many alternatives that are working as with your, you can make the parallel with Visa, right? Visa is working today, so people are still using a lot of Visa, but if something will happen, they will use Bitcoin from one day to another. Whatsapp is working, and Zoom is working, and Google Meet is working, so people don't feel the urge, but there will be a trigger point when people will feel the urge at some point in their lives, because something happened around them, and we need to make sure that kit will be available to them. and will be an option, will be stable, will be well designed so that when they will need it the most that option will be available to them. **Luke:** Yeah, fantastic. # The Future of Decentralized Communication **Luke:** And so I think the follow up I have, and just to get back to the earlier discussion a little bit with Nostr, the communication in terms of messaging, I absolutely see that and directly in what Keet is, I already absolutely see that. Is there a goal to get somewhere towards more like Social media, social networking, things like that in a, in certainly a decentralized way, but right now there isn't something like that as I understand it, coming from, Keet. So is, that a goal? Is that on the roadmap? **Paolo:** Yeah, it is on the roadmap, it's something that, so we had to start with the thing that we thought was more urgent and also the thing that could have been, would have been a game changer. social media is very important, especially In difficult situation, you want to get news, and you want to get unbiased news, so you want to use, social networks to see what's happening in the world. But we, think that the most sacrosanct thing that you need in your life is to be able to talk to your family and friends in any situation with the highest privacy possible. that's the first thing that we tackled, and also was a way to battle test the technology with, KIT you can do high quality video calls as well, so if we are able to tackle in the best way possible privacy and extreme scalability of peer to peer communications, then on top of that foundation we can build also social media and every single other application that we have in mind. **Mathias:** But first, we wanted to tackle the hardest problem. No, I think it makes a lot of sense. And I also just want to say, as a, probably like one of the most prolific KEET users, I use KEET right now also as a very, like a social media, we have big public rooms where we talk about KEET and talk about technology. I get a lot of the value I would get otherwise on Twitter X from that because I, it's like a public platform for me to, get ideas out there, but also interact with users directly. And I think, there's many ways to take them as a young app. And we're talking about this a lot, obviously it has to be simple, has to be parent approved. My parents can figure it out, but I think, to a large degree, all really healthy social networks that are actually, to some degree, a communication app. And it's also just a really good way to get local news and to get this locality that Peter is good at. That doesn't mean that we might not also make other things, but I think it's a hard line to set the difference between a social network and a communications app when it's structured correctly, # Interoperability and User Experience **Luke:** Yeah, and this, another thing that came to mind just as, you were talking about these parallels, as, I understand it, the account system with Keet is, essentially still just a, Key pair. Correct me if I'm, wrong, **Mathias:** Very, true. **Luke:** you backups with the same 1224 words. Is, that fully interoperable as well? Is that, could be your Bitcoin key. That could be **Mathias:** We use the, same, I can't remember the date, the BIP, but there's a BIP for like during key generation. So we can use it also in the future for other things. and you have those words, you have your account, and that's, we never store that. And that's like your sovereignty and, no, I was just going to say that lets you use it seamlessly on different devices also. It's one of those things that I love because I know what's going on when you use keyed Insanely hard problem, but it's solved by the runtime, and it just works seamlessly and I think that's, the beauty of it. **Paolo:** I think there's some UX stuff to figure out about onboarding that stuff a little bit easier for normal people. That's probably to a large degree the same for Bitcoin. The other part that I would do with Bitcoin is that, with Bitcoin, with your 12, 24 words, you can access your private wealth. the beauty of Bitcoin is that you can remember 12 24 words, you cross borders, and you carry with you your wealth. You can do the same thing with your digital private life. You remember 12 24 words, they could be the same by the way. whatever happens, you can spawn back your digital private life fully encrypted from, one of your other devices that you connected that is somewhere else in the world. So when you start seeing and understanding the unlock in terms of also human resilience that this creates is very, insane and can create a very powerful, that can be used for, to create a very, powerful applications, not just communications, but you can build. Really any sort of interaction, even mapping. Imagine peer to peer mapping, where basically data is not stored in one single location. You can access, tiles of the maps, from, local people that curate them in a better way. So the, level of applications that you can build, All unlocked by the same technology that is being used by Bitcoin is very, incredible. **Luke:** Yes, absolutely it is. And what do you think of the idea that all of this stuff is just interoperable now based on essentially you have your private key and there you go. It doesn't matter the technology stack. Is that sort of an agnostic thing where you can take your data to any one of these systems? What you're building with Keith being one, Nostr being another, Bitcoin being a third, what do you think of that? **Paolo:** Yeah, the fact that, data is yours, right? So you should do whatever you want with your data. That is, I think, an axiom that we should assume. And, it shouldn't even, we shouldn't even discuss about this, right? We are discussing about it because people are trying to take away this axiom from us. The, you are a key pair, and you're basically, unique, and uniqueness is expressed by the cryptography around those 24 words, and that's, that also is a way to prove your identity, it's a mathematical way to prove your identity. No one can steal that from you, of course, but no one can track it as no one can impersonate, should not be able to impersonate you. So it's truly powerful. **Mathias:** also think it's like worth remembering here also in this discussion that a lot of very high valuable data for yourself is actually not that big, but centralized platforms take it hostage anyway. if you take all my chat history and, I have pictures, but like a couple of the pictures would probably be bigger than all my chat history ever. but a lot of that, those messages have a lot of value for me, especially personally and also being able to search through it and have infinite history, it's very valuable for me personally. But it's very scary for me if that's on some other platform where it gets leaked at some point, et cetera, et cetera. But we already have the devices, just normal consumer devices that we buy, that we all have, phones, computers, whatever, that have more than enough capacity to store multiple copies of this. In terms of like per user, data production, it's a manageable problem. And I think it's interesting how, providers force us to think in terms of giving that data away, even though we could easily store it. **Paolo:** And this is even more important when we think about potential, AI applications, right? So imagine your best assistant. Paolo's assistant should go through all my emails, my kids chats, my old social stuff, and be able to be my best assistant. But in order to do that, I have two options. Either, I imagine that OpenAI would come with an assistant. They would upload, All the information on their servers, crunch that information, and then, use it to serve, me, but also service their own needs. And that can become very scary, also because they wear a hat. It's public, right? you don't want your most intimate codes that your best personal assistant could know, to be on somewhere else, rather than your devices. And so people were, people never uploaded, at least most of the people would never upload medical, information on Facebook, right? But they are uploading it on ChatGPT to get a second opinion. so things can be, get even scarier than what we described today because, we, discussed about social media, that is basically, the fun part where we upload photos, But, things can become scarier when it comes to privacy and data control with ai. So I want to see a future where I have a local AI that can read all key messages that I have from my local phone on my local device, and can become the best powers assistant possible without renouncing to my privacy, and also still governed by the same 24 words. the fine tuning that is applied on that LLM should stay local to my own device, and it should be in control of that. And still, the current power of the devices that we have makes it possible. We should not fall for the same lie. We don't need, of course, big data centers with GPUs are important for training a huge LLM, but that is a generic LLM. You can take that one and then fine tune it with your own data and run it by yourself. And for most of it, unless you want to do crazy things, that is more than enough and can run on modern GPUs or local GPUs or your phones. We should start thinking that we can build local experiences without having an API all the time connected to someone else's data center. **Knut:** Yeah. # The Role of Tether in the Crypto Ecosystem **Knut:** It's super interesting. you briefly just briefly mentioned tether before and I think we need to get into this. what is it and how much of a maxi are you, Paolo? And, what, made this thing happen? Can you give us the story here about Tether? # Tether's Origin and Evolution **Paolo:** Tether started in 2014. I consider myself a maxi, but running Tether, you could say that, I'm a shit coiner. I don't mind, right? I like what I do, and I think I'm net positive, so it's okay. Tera was born in 2014 with a very simple idea. there were a few crypto exchanges in, 2014. it was Bitfinex, Coinbase, Kraken, Bitstamp. OKCoin, there was BTCChina, and just a few others, right? Around 10 that were meaningful. The problem back then was to do, trading arbitrage, you sell Bitcoin on the exchange where the price is higher, you take the dollars. From that sale, you move the dollars on the exchange where the price is lower and rinse and repeat. That is called arbitrage. It is a property of every single efficient financial system. And that also helps to keep the price of Bitcoin in line across different exchanges. But, that was very, hard in 2014. If you remember in 2013 was the first year that Bitcoin broke the 1, 000. But on some exchanges the price was 1. 2, on others was 900. in order to arbitrage that price difference, you have to move dollars from one exchange to another and Bitcoin from one exchange to another. You can move Bitcoin from one exchange to another. 10 minutes, but dollars would take days, right? International wires. And so of course the opportunity arbitrage was, fully gone by, the, time the wire was hitting the, receiving exchange. the reason why we created that was, USDT was simply to put the dollar on a blockchain so that we could have the same user experience that we had with bitcoin. For the first two years, almost no exchange apart Bitfinex understood USDT. Then Poloniex in 2016 started to add the USDT across for against every single trading pair. There was the start of the ICO boom. 2017 was the peak of the ICO boom and, USDT reached 1 billion in market cap. Fast forward in 2020, we had around 10 billion in market cap, and then the bull run started, but also another important thing started, that was the pandemic. # USDT's Impact on Emerging Markets **Paolo:** So the pandemic had a huge effect on many economies around the world, in all the economies around the world, but especially in emerging markets, developing countries. Basically pandemic also killed entire economies. And so as a Bitcoin you would think, oh, all these people that are in countries like Argentina and Venezuela and Turkey and so on, they should use Bitcoin and they should, they should, only use Bitcoin because everything else is cheap. So that is pretty much, the approach that we have as Bitcoiners that, I believe in. But the problem is that. Not everyone is ready, so not everyone has our time to understand Bitcoin. Not everyone has yet the full skill set to understand Bitcoin at this stage, at this moment in time. we as Bitcoiners didn't build the best user experience in the world, right? So one of the best wallets for Bitcoin is still Electrum. That, is not necessarily nice and well done for and simple to be used for, a 70 year old lady. so we need to do a better job as Bitcoiners to build better user experiences we want Bitcoin to be more used around the world. At the same time, 99 percent of the population knows, especially the ones that are living in high inflation areas, knows that there is the dollar that is usually Much better currency than what they hold in their hands. the US dollar is not, definitely not perfect. It's not the perfect fiat currency. but it's like the tale of the two friends running away from the lion, right? you have, one friend tells to the other, Oh, the lion is gonna kill us. We have to run really fast. And one of the two friends says to the other, I just have to run faster than you, right? So the US dollar is the friend that is running faster, in a sense that is the one that is likely better than the others. And so being better than the others is creating a sort of safety feeling among 5 billion people in the world that live in high inflation countries. And for those people that, they don't have yet the time, they didn't have the luck also, maybe, to understand Bitcoin, they are, in fact, using USDT. If you live in Argentina, peso lost 98% against the US dollar in the last five years. The Turkish L lost 80% against the US dollar in, the last five years. So of course, Bitcoin would be better than the US dollar, but even already, if you hold the dollar, you are the king of the hill there, right? So because it's, you are able to preserve your wealth much, better than almost anyone else in the region. I think, USDT is offering a temporary solution and is providing a service, a very good service to people that don't have alternatives and good alternatives and they are very, familiar with the U. S. dollar already. so eventually, the hyperbitcoinization, I think it will happen. there is no way it won't happen. It's hard to pinpoint on a time when, that will happen. But it's all about the turning point. What the economy will look like in the next, 10, 20 years and what trigger point there will be for fiat currencies to blow up and become irrelevant. # Bitcoin as a Savings Account **Paolo:** the way I see it is that it's likely that the U. S. dollar will stay around for a while, and people might still want to use, the U. S. dollar as a checking account, but they, should start to use, Bitcoin as their savings account, in the checking account, you, are happy to not make interest, It's something that you use for payments, it's something that you are okay to detach from because it's the money that you are ready to spend. The savings account is the thing that we should fight for. This thing is the thing that matter the most, and, it's the thing that will is protecting people wealth. And so in the long term. And in the medium term, we should push for this savings account to be Bitcoin. also with Tether, we are heavily investing in companies, in Bitcoin companies. we support the Blockstream. We supported so many in the space that are, we, are supporting RGB. That is a protocol that is building, assets on top of, like network, style channels. Thank you for listening. and we buy Bitcoin ourselves. We do a lot of Bitcoin mining. We develop, I think, the best and most sophisticated Bitcoin mining software, by the way, based on hole punch technology. It's like IoT for Bitcoiners and Bitcoin mining. It's very cool. we are relying on the dollar and, you could say that USDT is helping the dollar, expansion, but the same way I don't think Dollar and Bitcoin aren't necessarily opposed to one or the other. I think that Bitcoin has its own path. And no matter what happens, there is no way to slow it down. I think, it's going to be inevitable success. It's going to be inevitable that it will become global internet money and global words money. No country will trust to each other with, with each other currencies for, for a longer time, and so the only viable solution is a currency that is governed by math. That is the only objective way, objective thing that we have in the universe. that's my train of thoughts on, Tether and Bitcoin. **Knut:** Oh, thank you. Thank you for that explanation. It explains a lot of things. To me, it sounds a bit like you're a lubrication company, like selling lubrication for the transition between the rape of the dollar to the love fest of the hyperbitcoinized world, to make the transition a little smoother. **Paolo:** we are more than, at Tether we have also this educational arm and, believe it or not, the majority of the creation we do is actually on Bitcoin, right? So we are supporting the Plan B network led by the great Giacomo Zucco. The unfortunate thing is that USDT, didn't have a marketing team up to, 2022 with Tether. So basically, I wish I could say that success of Tether is because we were super intelligent and great. but actually the success of Tether, unfortunately is a symptom of the success of, of, national economies. And it's sad if you think about it, right? So the success of your main product U as it is, They're actually proportional to the FACAP of many central banks. And, but it is what it is, right? So we need to do what we do at, really, at DataRace, creating all these educational contents to try to explain that, sure, we are providing a tool for today, but, For tomorrow you probably need, you need to understand that you have other options, you need to understand Bitcoin, because as we said for, Keith, right? So the moment when you will need the most Bitcoin, it has to be available, you need to understand it, so that is a true option for you. The way we, see bitcoin education. **Knut:** No, and, something like Tether would have, emerged, either way, and it's very comforting to know that it's run by Bitcoiners and not by a central bank itself or something. yeah, and the Plan B Network, I was a guest lecturer there in Logano and it was fantastic. I love what you're doing there with the educational hub. And we even got Giacomo to write the foreword to our new book here that you can see here behind Luke. **Luke:** Always say the title, Knut. Always say the title. **Knut:** Bitcoin, the inverse of Clown World. It's, you, if, you're good at maths and emojis, you might be able to figure out the title from the cover, but it's one divided by Clown World anyway, which is on the opposite side of the everything divided by 21 million equation, So anyway, looking forward to seeing you in Lugano and giving you both a copy of the book, of course. **Paolo:** Oh, with pleasure, with great pleasure, with a nice, education. **Luke:** Absolutely. Yep. # Plan B Forum and Future Events **Luke:** 100%. And we have to wind things down, but I'll just say as well, yeah, absolutely looking forward to Lugano Plan B Forum. Always a highlight of the year. It was my first time last year. I absolutely loved it. can't wait to attend this year. so it's the 25th, 2020 6th of October, 2024. this year, it's a Bitcoin event that is not made to make money. So the problem with events is that. You have to find sponsors, and usually, sponsor might not be well aligned with the message you want to give, right? I think Tether is lucky enough, to not have to make money on the event. **Paolo:** I want to have, good, guests. I want to have great speakers. I want to have the messaging. That is not only about Bitcoin, it's about, freedom of speech as well. We had the family of Assange for the last few years, and I think that they will come also this year. I'm going to be probably killed by the By our marketing team, I'm not sure if they announced it, but we are going to have another Plan B event also in El Salvador next year, so we're trying to create this network of cities and countries that have things in common and, invite people that want to share knowledge around the world. And, yeah, and of course we, are very proud of the good food that we, serve in Lugano. So that is another thing that, not all the bands can say the same thing. **Knut:** No, it's fantastic. And we happened to bump into the Assange family at the cocktail bar in a fancy hotel and, had a very interesting conversation with them there. So if you're listening. Anyone from the Assange family is welcome on the show any time. So yeah, no looking forward to that event for sure, we had a great time. And I think we're even playing this year, aren't we, Luke? **Paolo:** You're **Luke:** yeah, the Satoshi Rakamoto is in the event there, we, played, back in Prague, it was my first, time, but Knut is a regular at the Rakamotos. Yeah, we played at Lugano last year Oh, anything and everything, what did we do in Prague? **Knut:** paranoid and, **Paolo:** Can I commission a **Knut:** What song would you like to hear? **Paolo:** I have two that I would suggest. One is Nothing Else Matters. **Knut:** Alright. **Paolo:** So I think that, is very inspiring, right? **Knut:** Bitcoin, for sure. Nothing Else Matters. it's perfectly aligned with Bitcoin. And, the other one is Sad But True. Oh, that would be fun. We'll squeeze in some Metallica there, won't we, Luke? **Mathias:** we'll 100% have those songs ready to go. We also have, a big peer to peer track at the conference, **Knut:** Yeah. **Mathias:** not so much music, but yeah, that's peer to **Knut:** Nothing else matters. **Luke:** looking forward to that. **Knut:** Sorry, brain fart. Sad but true is about the dollar still being around, **Paolo:** Yeah, you can say that. **Luke:** Okay. # Final Thoughts and Closing Remarks **Luke:** Hey, we have to wind things down here because, we're, almost, out of time. So I'll just hand this, back to you both. Is there anything else you'd like to, mention about, your plans in the upcoming couple of years, in, key, toll, punch, anything like that?   **Mathias:** only that we're, like I said, we're integrating really hard right now, and it's a really fun time to, join the company because, we're small and efficient We get to work with Tether, which has a lot of benefits and it's getting really fast, so definitely check that out. And it's also a really fun time to join Keith in our public rooms. There's a lot of very personal, in a good way, intense chats where you get to be part of the loop. I love to be part of those early communities and I would suggest everybody to check that out and go to the website and try it out. **Paolo:** we will certainly do that. Yeah, I couldn't agree more. So go check out Keith and Holepunch and the Plan B forum in Lugano, You could visit tether. io, that is, the website where we are trying to explain what we have in our minds between, finance, bitcoin mining, energy production, AI, communications, brain chips and stuff, right? I think it's more exciting. **Mathias:** Just those things, that's all. **Paolo:** Yeah, we can piss off more than this. Thanks. **Mathias:** a **Luke:** No, It's just perfect. and is on that note, is there anywhere else specific you'd like to direct our listeners? **Paolo:** just follow the social channels and give us feedback on kit all the time because these technologies, needs everyone's help to be nailed them. **Mathias:** We love technical feedback. We love UX feedback. We're trying to make something that works for the masses, so anything is good.   **Luke:** So that's, all at Keet. Is that correct? For Keet? **Mathias:** Key. io and pairs. com for our runtime. It's all peer to peer. **Knut:** Alright, **Mathias:** Wonderful. And you're also still on the legacy social media platforms, right? Yeah. **Knut:** we'll make sure to include links to your handles so people can find you there if they would like. forward to seeing you in Lugano. **Paolo:** Likewise, I **Knut:** But yeah, worth saying again.   **Paolo:** Thank you for having an invitation. **Luke:** Yes, we'll wrap things up here. This has been the Bitcoin Infinity Show.

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

## What is 3 minutes worth? I think I've run into the problem that the sort of work I do on here is only efficient and effective, if I spend all day doing it and really concentrate on it. It's not like being a developer or an influencer, where you can allot 2 hours in the morning to it, and then spend all day doing something else and talking about touching grass. I either have to do it all day or completely stop because 99% of the work is absorbing and digesting information and interacting in real time; pausing is like pulling a mental break and slamming to a stop. It's more of a performance art than a durable good. I have to practice all damn day, every day, for a week, producing only ephemeral products, just to get up and sing for 3 minutes. ## Shut up and sing But with singing, the value is obvious, since most people have tried to sing and know that they aren't very good at it. Most people haven't tried to manage, design, or test systems on an open software protocol, but they all figure they can spontaneously do it, at some point, with little knowledge and no preparation, and be really great at it. That means that hardly anyone sees any value in it, especially as I make it look so easy, that watching me do it merely enhances the idea that the effort can be performed on a whim. The difference in enthusiasm between my dev work and my other work is palpable, but contains no signal. That is the opposite of development or system administration, that is mostly done off in a hidey-hole, and no one can tell how much effort you personally expended, but they know you did something they can't fully understand, so they get all excited about it. ## The indifferent bleating at the uninterested But we can see that this differentiation is unfounded. Auxiliary software development is highly-skilled labor, it's tedious and exhausting, and it brings no status or prestige, which is why hardly anyone does it or their efforts are of low-quality and relatively pointless. Most developers and funders are regularly encouraging people to "step up" and do it spontaneously and on a purely volunteer basis because they feel obliged to pretend to care about software quality, but actually think it has little value. Well, the people they are speaking to, agree with them. So, they ignore them.

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

I hate to be the one to tell y'all this, but my profile pic doesn't matter to me. And it shouldn't matter to you. My handle also shouldn't matter, except as a pet name for display. My NIP-05 matters, for human-typed discoverability and link/mention-readability, but it can be changed. My npub matters, but I could have more than one or stop using one, like I have done and will continue to do. A profile on the Internet is not a person. Who is writing this article? Is it Stella? Oh, yeah? You know that? How? Did you sit there and watch me type it in? I don't need PfP-recognition because I post stuff a lot of people like to look at (even if they have no idea who I am, imagine that!), and my npub therefore has high WoT. Here's what I think: Y'all are trying to change a communication protocol into Twitter 2.0, where everyone needs to self-brand and stay on-script, on-camera, and in-their-lane. But if I were that sort of person, I'd be terrible at my job. The whole point of my job is to do all the stuff most users won't do, but some might, and to tell you how it went. How about we just turn off all of the profile pics and people have to be interesting, entertaining, and/or knowledgeable again? How many of the people getting engagement, now, wouldn't get as much? How many people getting little engagement, now, would get more? I have questions.

@ b7274d28:c99628cb

## Chef's notes Inspiration for this recipe struck me while preparing a traditional PB&J sandwich and my daughter was also preparing herself a grilled cheese sandwich. I saw the sliced cheddar cheese laying out and thought, "Why not?" Everything should be tried once, right? Lo and behold, it was more tasty than I expected! Optional Modifications: Consider trying this recipe with toasted bread, crunchy peanut-butter, an alternative flavor of jelly, or even pickles or jalapenos if you are the particularly adventurous type. ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 5-10 min - 🍳 Cook time: NA - 🍽️ Servings: 1-2 ## Ingredients - Sliced Wheat Bread x2 - Sliced Cheddar Cheese (Enough to cover the area of a slice of bread.) - Creamy Peanut-Butter (approx. 2 tbsp) - Strawberry Jelly (approx. 2 tbsp) ## Directions 1. Locate the ingredients and arrange them on the kitchen counter. (Dads: The jelly is probably buried behind everything in the fridge.) 2. If your cheddar cheese didn't come pre-sliced, carefully slice enough 1/8" slices to cover the area of a slice of bread. 3. Spread the peanut butter evenly onto one of the slices of bread. (Note: DO NOT lick the butter-knife... yet.) 4. Spread the jelly as evenly as you can on the other slice of bread. (NOW you can lick the knife.) 5. Place the sliced cheddar cheese onto the slice of bread with the peanut-butter, covering the area without overlapping the cheese slices. 6. Flip the slice of bread with the jelly onto the slice with the peanut-butter and cheese, jelly-side-down, forming the sandwich. 7. Enjoy!

@ 0f1b5961:868242bd

The public theologian Jonathan Pageau has been a major influence in my life for the past couple years. I remember in one of his podcasts he talks about how church buildings have historically been the "focal points" of many towns. In the physical sense, this meant the church building was at the center of the town and was the tallest structure. He argues that the church occupying this station had a sort of psychological effect on the town members, enforcing a way of life that has God in the highest "place". This got me thinking about my own home city of Des Moines, Iowa. Here, the two most prominent buildings, by far, are the capitol building and a skyscraper called the Principal building. They sit on either side of the Des Moines River and to me, seem to "face off" against each other as if in competition. *The Iowa State Capitol* *The Principal Building (801 Grand Avenue)* I was musing over how to settle the competition between these two buildings and I realized that it could be addressed with some pretty basic math. The apparent heights of these buildings change as you move closer or further from them. So whichever building appears taller for a larger portion of the city would be the most prominent building. In an idealized scenario, there would be a straight line between the two buildings where they would appear to be the same height. This line ends up coinciding with East 4th street on the east side of the Des Moines River. As the Principal building is about twice as tall as the capitol buiding, the point at which they look the same height is about twice as close to the capitol building. *Line along which the capitol and Principle building appear to be the same height.* And so a clear winner emerges. Not only is the Principal building the most prominent in the downtown district of the city. It's influence extends across the river and eclipses the capitol in what one might expect to be its home turf. The focal point of Des Moines is a skyscraper. I now must conclude with a confession. With the Principal building being about twice as tall as the capitol, there was never going to be a close competition between the two buildings. And indeed this matches the experience of one moving about the city. The Principal building plainly *feels* more prominent. Despite this, the area in which the capitol ascends to the highest is certainly not small. I like to think this reflects some amount of balance between the mercantile powers and political powers in the area. Perhaps this balance is proportional to the very heights of the buildings. Not looking good for the ecclesiastical powers however... \-Scott

@ e83b66a8:b0526c2b

We have a confession to make. NOSTR is not perfect, we are still building. No client you use does everything you want it to, and everything it does is imperfect. Therefore, I strongly advise you to run multiple clients. On iPhone, I run: Damus: https://nostrapps.com/damus Primal: https://primal.net/downloads Nostur: https://nostrapps.com/nostur On Android I run: Primal: https://primal.net/downloads Amethyst: https://nostrapps.com/amethyst On desktop I run: Primal: https://primal.net/downloads noStrudel: https://nostrapps.com/nostrudel Also, because I run a node (Umbrel & Start9), I self host noStrudel on my own relay. If you haven’t taken the plunge to run a node, now might be a good time to think about it. There are many, many options for clients, the “Social” section of https://nostrapps.com/ lists 23 currently. Play with them, see what they do, if you’re a developer, you could even consider building or forking your own. Have fun and realise we are building freedom tech, not just running it.

@ e83b66a8:b0526c2b

First, Key management. When you “created” your NOSTR account, what you actually created was a cryptographic key pair. This consists of a private key, which starts “nsec” and a public key which starts with “npub”. As the names suggest, your “nsec” key is private and you should never reveal it to anyone. Your “npub” key is your public key, feel free to share that everywhere. Your “npub” key is used by others to verify your identity, through the signature added to your messages. It is also used by others to encrypt private messages to you. We don’t have perfect key management yet and because of the limitation of smart phones and various eco systems, it often becomes necessary for you to copy and paste your private key into apps in order to use them. This is less than ideal, but until we have ubiquitous cross platform key management devices, this situation will remain necessary. For the moment, consider using software key management options, some of which are listed under “signers” here: https://nostrapps.com/ N.B. We do have projects like Seedsigner that provide more secure hardware key management, but this isn’t for the faint hearted: Secondly, Lightning wallets. It is common for most people to link a Bitcoin Lightning wallet to their NOSTR profile N.B. Your profile is stored on relays and signed by your private key, which is verified by others through your public key. You are not tied to any specific wallet for sending payments (called zaps), but you do provide a specific incoming LN address for receiving payments. This could be something like a wallet of Satoshi Address i.e. “randomname@walletofsatoshi.com” or could you be your own node with a connection to it via “Nostr Wallet Connect” a free plugin that connects a lightning wallet. Enabling this allows people to “zap” any posts or content or even send you payments directly at any time or for any reason. N.B. It is called freedom money for a reason…. It also allows you to send small micropayments to posts or people you like. Thirdly, Paid Services As you go deeper into the NOSTR ecosystem, you’ll notice there is no advertising being pushed at you and there are no algorithms manipulating the content you receive. This is because there is no company behind NOSTR, it is a protocol. Because of this, while all the ecosystem is free to use and will remain so for the foreseeable future, most of it is run by enthusiastic volunteers or developers and incurs a cost to them. For that reason many of us choose to support these #devs by paying for services. This can also enhance our experience, giving our “npub” greater reach and discoverability. I, for example choose to pay for the following services: https://nostr.wine/ - 120,000 Sats for 2 years relay https://relay.tools/ - My own relay - https://nortis.nostr1.com/ 12,000 Sats a month https://nostr.build/ - Media storage - 69,000 Sats for 1 year Total: 22,750 Sats per month Approx $15 per month This is not strictly necessary, but I decided to support the various developers behind these projects. Do not feel any pressure at this early stage to pay for any service, but if you enjoy the freedom NOSTR brings, you may want to consider supporting the projects that become important to you going forward.

@ 44dc1c2d:31c74f0b

## Chef's notes Makes an excellent Chicken sandwich. ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 6 Ish hours - 🍳 Cook time: 40 min - 🍽️ Servings: 1 loaf ## Ingredients - 3 ½ - 4 cups bread flour, or more as needed - 1 ⅓ cups warm milk (110°F – 115°F) - 5 tablespoons honey - 4 tablespoons salted butter, melted and slightly cooled - 1 tablespoon instant “rapid rise” yeast - 1 ½ teaspoons salt - Oil or butter for greasing the bowl - 1 tablespoon melted salted butter, for brushing the crust at the end ## Directions 1. To prepare the dough, weigh the flour or measure it by gently spooning it into a cup, then leveling off any excess. In a large bowl, combine the flour with the warm milk, honey, melted butter, instant yeast, and salt. Mix by hand or with the paddle attachment of a stand mixer until a shaggy dough forms, gradually adding more flour, as necessary, to get the dough to come together so that it just pulls away from the sides of the bowl. 2. Switch to the dough hook attachment (or use your hands) to knead the dough until fairly smooth, about 7-8 minutes. 3. Oil a large mixing bowl. Place the dough in the greased bowl, turning once to grease the top. Cover and let rise in a warm place until doubled, 1 ½ - 2 hours. 4. Punch down the dough. Transfer to a lightly floured work surface. Pat the dough into a 9 x 12-inch rectangle. Starting on one of the short sides, roll up the dough to make a log; pinch the seams. Place the dough seam-side down in a lightly greased 9 x 5-inch loaf pan. 5. Cover the pan with lightly greased plastic wrap; allow to rise for 1-2 hours, until it’s crowned about 1-2 inches over the rim of the pan. Towards the end of the rising time, preheat the oven to 350°F. 6. Bake the bread for 40-45 minutes, tenting the top of the bread loosely with foil towards the end if the top starts to get too brown. The bread should be golden brown, and it should sound hollow when tapped. 7. Brush the top of the warm bread with melted butter. 8. Remove from the pan and cool on a wire rack for at least 1 hour before slicing.

@ c6f7077f:ad5d48fd

***“The more you learn about something, the more you realize you know nothing.”*** This saying resonates deeply with me. The truth is, **no one really has all the big answers**. Many in the scientific community seem to pretend they do. Let’s explore this further. #### ***Consider the Most Fundamental Questions*** 1. **The Origin of the Universe** 2. **The Origin of Life on Earth** #### ***The Origin of the Universe*** You might think we have a solid answer: **the Big Bang**. However, this explanation has its limitations, and calling it a “start” can be misleading. In fact, this theory might be entirely wrong. New research challenges the Big Bang theory, and I highly recommend listening to **Sir Roger Penrose** for a deeper understanding. The only substantial evidence we have is the universe's expansion. Penrose proposes a different hypothesis: **the endless expansion and contraction of the universe**. This idea doesn’t contradict our current understanding. Thus, the evidence for the Big Bang and Penrose’s theory are both radically different, yet **neither can be definitively proven** over the other. This highlights the **limitations of our current understanding**. #### ***The Origin of Life on Earth*** The origin of life is even more complex. Life requires three essential components: - **Proteins** for basic functioning - **RNA** for storing and replicating genes - **Lipids** (cell walls) to create separation from the environment Mathematical models suggest that while proteins and lipids have a reasonable probability of forming, the creation of RNA seems nearly impossible through random mutations in a short time frame. The best explanations indicate that we either lack crucial information or that these RNA molecules—and life as a whole—might have come from **outside sources**. Some scholars even question the entire **random mutation model**. #### ***The Question of Certainty*** If scientists don’t know the answers, **why do they pretend they do?** In my humble opinion, **It seems they do this to distance science from religion and to close the discussion before the wealthiest can fit God into the narrative,** Interestingly, I’m not alone in believing they closed the books too early. #### ***Reclaiming Control of Science and Education*** The best way to reclaim control of science and education is to **learn**. If you’re looking for a starting point, I highly recommend: - **“A Brief History of Time”** by **Stephen Hawking** for physics - **“Sapiens”** or **“The Selfish Gene”** for evolutionary biology All three are excellent starting points—densely packed with information and covering a wide range of topics in a concise and accessible manner.

@ 9358c676:9f2912fc

## Introduction The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) began as a pandemic in the 1980s. In its early days, it was seen as a certain death sentence, a taboo associated with marginalized groups, and it highlighted the failures of poverty in accessing healthcare. Gradually, the struggle for life and the suffering of those who are no longer with us, including both famous and anonymous individuals, became visible. Today, 40 years later, HIV is presented as a chronic disease with effective treatment. **Patients living with HIV who receive appropriate treatment have no detectable virus in their circulating blood, enjoy a good quality of life, and are more concerned about other aspects of their health during medical consultations, almost forgetting their condition.** For these patients, daily treatment is the cure, similar to someone taking a pill every day for high blood pressure or diabetes. ## The Global Impact HIV is a lentivirus, a subgroup of retroviruses composed of RNA. The natural history of HIV infection involves an attack on the immune system, particularly targeting CD4 cells, where chronic deterioration can lead to the acquisition of infectious and oncological diseases that may be fatal over the years, resulting in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Interestingly, there is a small group of people known as "elite controllers" who manage to control HIV infection without treatment and remain healthy for much of their lives, despite having a hidden deep viral reservoir. The primary modes of transmission are sexual, followed by blood and vertical transmission from mother to child, with the first mode predominating today. Today, in the downward trend of the HIV epidemic, **it is estimated that 39 million people are living with HIV worldwide.** Depending on the region, nearly half of this population belongs to at-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender individuals, sex workers, and people who inject drugs. These vulnerable groups are especially important for prevention efforts. However, little is done for prevention in the general population, which sometimes represents the other half of the cake of people living with HIV (PLWH). ## Breaking the Dogma: The Concept of Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) The introduction of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1994 broke the curve of the HIV epidemic. The introduction of new medications with fewer side effects and greater effectiveness in controlling the virus has been crucial. In 2007, the launch of Raltegravir as the first viral integrase inhibitor marked a milestone in current treatments, **allowing patients to effectively control the virus within 3 to 6 months.** The positive impact of these treatments led health organizations to launch the concept of **undetectable = untransmittable (U=U)** to impact the general population and at-risk groups, updating the dogma and eradicating stigma: **a patient living with HIV who maintains an undetectable viral load in their blood through treatment will not transmit HIV sexually.** Although this concept has transformed the social dynamics and stigma surrounding the disease, adherence to treatment must be complete to achieve this new paradigm. ## Prophylaxis as a Method to Prevent HIV in Healthy Populations The correct use of condoms has been the cornerstone of HIV prevention and other sexually transmitted infections over the years. However, it is not the only tool available today and can be complemented for comprehensive sexual health. **Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)** is a novel strategy that involves administering antiretroviral medication to vulnerable groups before they are exposed to HIV (MSM, transgender individuals, sex workers, people who inject drugs). It involves taking medication daily, effectively reducing the risk of contracting HIV and providing protection to these groups. It is similar to taking a contraceptive pill daily. It has had a very positive impact on protecting these populations. In the Americas, it has been successfully implemented in the United States, Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. Other countries, although with some delay, are now implementing this strategy. **Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP),** on the other hand, is a strategy that involves administering antiretroviral treatment after a potential exposure to HIV. If the treatment is administered within the first 72 hours and maintained for 4 weeks, the chances of contracting HIV decrease substantially. Both strategies have been remarkably successful in preventing HIV in at-risk populations and healthy populations, although their dissemination and awareness remain limited. https://image.nostr.build/08682bf763ade56741d8e4c8c6d870cb8d71ab7d72c605b9aa805af2234348ff.jpg ## The New Horizon: Long-Acting Antiretrovirals, HIV Vaccines, and Promising Therapies The introduction of viral integrase inhibitors and new nucleoside analogs in the last 15 years has allowed for the availability of safe drugs with minimal side effects in the treatment of HIV, **many of which are included in a single pill regimen per day.** However, the pharmaceutical industry continues to diversify the offerings in a healthy manner. **Cabotegravir is a new long-acting integrase inhibitor that is administered via injection.** Combined with Rilpivirine, it has proven to be effective and safe in the treatment of HIV, with injections every 2 months. This has revolutionized treatment for people who are tired of taking pills daily, as well as in PrEP, where effective prevention against HIV can be achieved with injections every 2 months for at-risk groups. Additionally, **subdermal implants of Islatravir,** a new long-acting nucleoside analog, are being tested as a PrEP strategy. Similar to monthly hormonal contraceptive injections or hormonal contraceptive implants, this strategy has proven effective in at-risk groups. Regarding the **HIV vaccine,** we have been developing it for over two decades, with advances and setbacks. While vaccines have shown promising results in terms of safety and antibody generation, we still need to await conclusive phase III results demonstrating their effectiveness in at-risk groups and the general population. ## The Eradication of HIV and Patients Cured Without Treatment While current treatment allows for the elimination of HIV from the bloodstream and sexual transmission, there remains a reservoir in some deep immune cells that have been infected by the retrovirus, which contain latent HIV DNA and have the potential to reactivate if daily treatment is interrupted. However, **there are patients who have managed to eliminate HIV from their bodies, including these deep cells, and HIV is undetectable upon discontinuation of treatment.** These cases are very rare, with only 7 to 8 individuals being the subject of intensive scientific study. Among them are the "Berlin patient" of Germany and "City of Hope patient" from Argentina. Some of these cases involved patients under effective HIV treatment who underwent suppressive chemotherapy for bone marrow transplants and managed to eliminate these deep cells with latent HIV DNA. Unfortunately, this treatment is not scalable for the entire HIV-positive population, both due to its cost and potential side effects. However, **"Shock and Kill" strategies** have been proposed, aiming to use monoclonal antibodies to activate these latent cells during HIV treatment, exposing them to antiretroviral medication for elimination, thereby eradicating these small reservoirs of HIV. ## WHO Goals The World Health Organization (WHO) has established clear objectives that are constantly updated to achieve the eradication of HIV in the population. **The updated goals of the WHO propose that, to end the HIV epidemic, three objectives must be met by the year 2025-2030:** 1. 95% of people living with HIV must be diagnosed through testing. 2. 95% of diagnosed individuals must be on highly effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART). 3. 95% of those on HAART must have an undetectable viral load in their blood. Developing and underdeveloped countries currently have an effectiveness rate for these strategies that disagree significantly. https://image.nostr.build/ac6693df57aaca6dac0b06b5db9eb1a2757e7c08511edb0f11617e12653d3db5.png ## Key Takeaways * HIV has a cure, and the cure is permanent treatment. * Treatment for HIV is free and accessible to the population, as it is a public health impact disease. * A person living with HIV who receives appropriate treatment will not transmit the virus sexually, will enjoy a full life without the disease, and can have children without HIV. * In the event of a potential HIV exposure (such as unprotected sexual contact with an infrequent partner), you can go to a hospital within the first 72 hours to receive treatment that will prevent HIV infection. * Just as we witnessed the eradication of smallpox from the face of the earth in 1978 due to scientific advances, we will live to see the eradication of HIV. ## Autor **Kamo Weasel - MD Infectious Diseases - MD Internal Medicine - #DocChain Community** npub1jdvvva54m8nchh3t708pav99qk24x6rkx2sh0e7jthh0l8efzt7q9y7jlj ## Resources 1. [World Health Organization (WHO)](https://www.who.int/en/health-topics/hiv-aids#tab=tab_1) 2. [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)](https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html) 3. [UNAIDS](https://www.unaids.org/en) ## Bibliography 1. The natural history of HIV infection. DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328361fa66 2. Changing Knowledge and Attitudes Towards HIV Treatment-as-Prevention and "Undetectable = Untransmittable": A Systematic Review. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03296-8 3. Challenges of HIV diagnosis and management in the context of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), test and start and acute HIV infection: a scoping review. DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25419 4. Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine dosed every 2 months in adults with HIV-1 infection (ATLAS-2M), 48-week results: a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3b, non-inferiority study. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32666-0 5. Efficacy and safety of long-acting cabotegravir compared with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine to prevent HIV infection in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men 1 year after study unblinding: a secondary analysis of the phase 2b and 3 HPTN 083 randomised controlled trial. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(23)00261-8 6. Safety and immunogenicity of a subtype C ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine prime plus bivalent subtype C gp120 vaccine boost adjuvanted with MF59 or alum in healthy adults without HIV (HVTN 107): A phase 1/2a randomized trial. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004360 7. Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?. DOI: 10.1002/JLB.5VMR0122-046RRR

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

So often we hear the Disney mantra “Follow your heart.” We hear people say, “I believe this” or “this is my truth.” God doesn’t give us this choice. We don’t get to decide what is true or not. Truth is truth even if not one person believes it. Just believing that God exists is not enough. > You believe that God is one. You do well; the demons also believe, and shudder. (James 2:19) The kind of faith in God that makes a difference in our eternity has to be done God’s way. The God of the Bible is the creator who spoke into existence all that is, including time & space and matter & energy. He fashioned man from the clay into His own imaged and breathed into him the breathe of life. As creator, He gets to say what is true and what isn’t, since He made everything. He gets to say what is right and what is wrong because He made us. He knows better than we do what is best for us and His ability to see and act outside of time allows Him to know what will be for our eternal good. Unfortunately, since time began we have wanted to define what we want right and wrong to be. We have wanted to define who God is and how we should relate to Him. We want to say to God, “No! Do it my way!” ### The First Sin We don’t like being limited by rules and laws (this is probably extra true of Americans who believe in personal liberty). We want to be free to do whatever we want, however we want, whenever we want. > Now the serpent was more crafty than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said to the woman, “Indeed, has God said, ‘You shall not eat from any tree of the garden’?” The woman said to the serpent, “From the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat; but from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden, God has said, ‘You shall not eat from it **or touch it**, or you will die.’ ” The serpent said to the woman, “You surely will not die! For God knows that in the day you eat from it **your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God**, knowing good and evil.” When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loin coverings. (Genesis 3:1-7) {emphasis mine} The very first temptation was the temptation to do as we please and be like God. This first temptation not only came from misleading statements from the serpent (Satan), but also came from the resentment Eve felt from the one and only “Thou shalt not …” given to them in the beginning. The only limitation God gave Adam and Eve was that they couldn’t eat the fruit from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Eve resented this limitation and added “*or touch it*.” The limitation to not touch it was not given by God (although maybe it could be considered a wise way to avoid temptation). It was man changing God’s very good commands. It was man changing the relationship between God and His creation. It was man trying to be in charge. ### Obey Whose Commands? All too often we don’t like God’s commands to “Do this!” or “Don’t do that!” so we change the rules to accommodate our desires and what is comfortable to us. Sometimes we add to God’s commands and sometimes we remove/ignore His commands, but any change we make is essentially us trying to take the place of God. > “Do not think that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I did not come to abolish but to fulfill. For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter or stroke shall pass from the Law until all is accomplished. **Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven**; but whoever keeps and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. (Matthew 5:17-19) {emphasis mine} Read that again. “*Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven*.” God does not allow us to change His commands. ### How Do We Worship? He also doesn’t allow us to decide how we will worship Him. During the exodus from Egypt, God commanded the nation of Israel with very specific rules for how He should be worshipped and who should have what position. > Now Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took their respective firepans, and after putting fire in them, placed incense on it and offered strange fire before the Lord, which He had not commanded them. And fire came out from the presence of the Lord and consumed them, and they died before the Lord. Then Moses said to Aaron, “It is what the Lord spoke, saying, > > ‘By those who come near Me I will be treated as holy,\ > And before all the people I will be honored.’ ” (Leviticus 10:1-3) God commanded how He should be worshipped. Nadab and Abihu decided they would worship how they wanted to worship and they paid with their lives for their affront to His holiness and power. There was another event where some Levites protested Aaron’s and Moses’s God given positions. The Levites had been commanded by God to not approach the holy things of the tabernacle. In this instance 250 of them burned incense contrary to the command of God. God did not appreciate them trying to give themselves honor by disobeying His command. > Moses said, “By this you shall know that the Lord has sent me to do all these deeds; for this is not my doing. If these men die the death of all men or if they suffer the fate of all men, then the Lord has not sent me. But if the Lord brings about an entirely new thing and the ground opens its mouth and swallows them up with all that is theirs, and they descend alive into Sheol, then you will understand that these men have spurned the Lord.” > > As he finished speaking all these words, the ground that was under them split open; and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, and their households, and all the men who belonged to Korah with their possessions. So they and all that belonged to them went down alive to Sheol; and the earth closed over them, and they perished from the midst of the assembly. (Numbers 16:28-31) God never accepts us when we chose to do our own thing and even worship in our own way. Sometimes, like in these two examples, He acts miraculously to punish the offenders instantly. Sometimes He is patient and allows time for learning and repentance. Sometimes we are not punished until eternity. We serve a might and holy God and need to treat Him appropriately. Although Christians today don’t have a strict formula of worship, our call to honor Him and treat Him as holy is just as strong. We don’t get to pick how we will worship Him and we definitely don’t get to call any or all “gods” the true God. Not all paths lead to the one true God. The only way to be right with God is through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ and believing He is God; He lived a perfect life; He died on a cross to take away our sins; and He rose from the dead on the third day. That is the only way. All other paths, no matter how heart felt, lead straight to hell. ### Judgment is the Lord’s We need to be very careful not only judging ourselves, but also judging others. Are we judging by God’s law and His measure or we judging by our own fallible judgment? > Do not speak against one another, brethren. He who speaks against a brother or judges his brother, speaks against the law and judges the law; but if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge of it. There is only one Lawgiver and Judge, the One who is able to save and to destroy; but who are you who judge your neighbor? (James 4:11-12) We are called to teach God’s written word and to lead people to follow it as written, but we are not to be judge and jury. We are not the ones punishing sins. That is God’s prerogative. > Anyone who has set aside the Law of Moses dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. **How much severer punishment do you think he will deserve who has trampled under foot the Son of God**, and has regarded as unclean the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and has insulted the Spirit of grace? For we know Him who said, “Vengeance is Mine, I will repay.” And again, “The Lord will judge His people.” **It is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God**. (Hebrews 10:28-31) {emphasis mine} When we say there is another way to God, our way, we are “ *trampl(ing) under foot the Son of God*.” (tense change mine) When we say we can be good enough or we can put something or someone else first, we will be judged. “*It is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God*.” So many of our wrong decisions come because we do not have a high enough view of God. We do not have a fear of the God who can snuff us out if He chooses to stop upholding our lives. The God of the Bible is a loving and merciful God, but there is a limit to that mercy. We must honor and trust Him before our time on earth is ended, otherwise we receive His righteous judgment. ### Continue in the Things You Have Learned The Bible tells us to to “*continue in the things you have learned*.” We can’t continue in the things we have learned if we haven’t learned God’s word. Reading and deep study of God’s word, the Bible, is critical if we want to serve God and grow in wisdom and service towards Him. We need to put in time. We need to read the Bible daily. We need to find time to study the Bible and to figure out what is true. > You, however, **continue in the things you have learned** and become convinced of, knowing from whom you have learned them, and that from childhood you have known the sacred writings which are able to give you the wisdom that leads to salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. **All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness**; so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work. (2 Timothy 3:14-17) {emphasis mine} Scripture is essential for everything in the Christian life. It helps us to grow in faith and unity with God. It helps us minister to and train others. It equips us “*for every good work*.” > and that from childhood you have known the sacred writings which are able to give you the wisdom that leads to salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. (2 Timothy 3:15) The Bible should be the foundation of everything we learn and everything we accept as true. Nothing should be believed as true that contradicts the Bible in any way. It is useful, however, to find wise teachers to help us understand the Bible. This may be a person who will disciple us face-to-face. This may be a pastor at our church. This may be a Christian writer. When we use any of these other sources, we always need to double check what we learn and verify that it matches the Bible. > Now these were more noble-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they received the word with great eagerness, **examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so**. (Acts 17:11) {emphasis mine} We need to examine “*the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so*.” During the Reformation, this was called *Sola Scriptura*, Scripture alone. Our reference of truth and righteousness comes from the Bible alone because it is the word of God. ### Deceivers: Don’t Be Deceived And Don’t Be a Deceiver There have been deceivers since the beginning of time, but the Bible says that we will see more and more deceivers as the end of time approaches. > For many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the antichrist. Watch yourselves, that you do not lose what we have accomplished, but that you may receive a full reward. Anyone who goes too far and does not abide in the teaching of Christ, does not have God; the one who abides in the teaching, he has both the Father and the Son. If anyone comes to you and does not bring this teaching, do not receive him into your house, and do not give him a greeting; for the one who gives him a greeting participates in his evil deeds. (2 John 1:7-11) If we don’t know the word of God well, we can be easily misled. There are many who quote the Bible out of context to mislead. If a tiny piece of scripture is taken out of context, it can be made to say almost anything. Any time there is any question on what the Bible is saying, we need to take the Bible as a whole in order to understand the truth. The Bible never contradicts itself. It may come at a truth from different angles regarding different situations, but it never contradicts itself. > But I am afraid that, as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness, your minds will be led astray from the simplicity and purity of devotion to Christ. For if one comes and preaches another Jesus whom we have not preached, or you receive a different spirit which you have not received, or a different gospel which you have not accepted, you bear this beautifully. For I consider myself not in the least inferior to the most eminent apostles. But even if I am unskilled in speech, yet I am not so in knowledge; in fact, in every way we have made this evident to you in all things. (2 Corinthians 11:3-5) Only by knowing the whole Bible can we keep ourselves from being misled. Be like Paul and know the Bible so you can not only avoid being misled, but have the knowledge of the Bible necessary to defend God’s word and prevent others from being misled. > For certain persons have crept in unnoticed, those who were long beforehand **marked out for this condemnation**, ungodly persons who turn the grace of our God into licentiousness and **deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ**. (Jude 1:4) {emphasis mine} It isn’t just those openly hostile to God that are misleading people. Sadly, there are many in the church, including pastors and others in positions of power who claim to be Christians and claim to be speaking the word of God, but who “*deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ*” and are “*marked out for this condemnation*.” We are to daily study God’s word and to daily pray for wisdom and to daily be led by the Holy Spirit. God doesn’t want us to spend our lives sitting in the pews taking in information. He wants us to share His word and be a light unto the world. He wants us to chose Him over anything or anyone else. > I solemnly charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who is to judge the living and the dead, and by His appearing and His kingdom: **preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with great patience and instruction**. For the time will come when **they will not endure sound doctrine; but wanting to have their ears tickled, they will accumulate for themselves teachers in accordance to their own desires**, and will turn away their ears from the truth and will turn aside to myths. (2 Timothy 4:1-4) {emphasis mine} We need to be the person who is “*ready in season and out of season*” and not the person “*wanting to have their ears tickled … in accordance to their own desires*.” Those that seek their own way will be spending eternity suffering in hell. As the end times approach, we will see more and more of this falling away from God’s word. We will see this in culture, but we will also see it in the church (and are seeing it today). > Know this first of all, that in the last days mockers will come with their mocking, following after their own lusts, and saying, “**Where is the promise of His coming?** For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all continues just as it was from the beginning of creation.” For when they maintain this, it escapes their notice that by the word of God the heavens existed long ago and the earth was formed out of water and by water, through which the world at that time was destroyed, being flooded with water. But by His word the present heavens and earth are being **reserved for fire, kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men**. (2 Peter 3:3:7) {emphasis mine} Don’t choose to do things your way. Don’t choose teachers who tickle your ears with what you want to hear. Don’t say in your heart, “*Where is the promise of His coming*?” All those who reject Jesus and the only way to God as described in the Bible are being “*reserved for fire, kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men*.” Don’t regret your choices. Choose Jesus today. Trust Jesus.\ \ your sister in Christ, Christy Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated For more posts check out my \[Trust Jesus Substack\](<https://trustjesus.substack.com/>) I am also testing out a couple of different nostr editors, so this article might be posted more than once, so I can test how they come out. This post was composed in [highlighter.com](http://habla.news) .

@ e83b66a8:b0526c2b

The founder of Telegram has just been arrested in France. Charges include lack of cooperation with law enforcement, drug trafficking and fraud. Aside from Telegram, social media is controlled by two billionaires who decide what you say, are themselves controlled by overbearing governments and make money through advertising and selling your personal data. There is a different way. NOSTR stands for Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted on Relays and it is a social media protocol in the same way http is a web protocol. The protocol is open and anybody can build upon it. It has some fundamental concepts that are very different to existing social media platforms. Firstly it is decentralised, it runs across relays and anybody can run a relay. They can be open or closed, public or private, free or paid. Secondly as a user, you don’t have an account, you have a private key which is used to secure your data. Your profile (account) is yours, you own and control it using your private keys and verified by others with your public key. Your posts are yours and you can store them on your own relay in your own home or business or you can rely on free public relays or more feature rich paid public relays. All your public data is signed by your private keys to verify it is you that owns it and all your private data is encrypted so nobody can read it. Messages (i.e. think NOSTR WhatsApp) are encrypted with your private keys so NOBODY can hack it or listen in, not even the NSA through a companies backdoor. You message other users privately by encrypting messages to them using their public key, which they decrypt using their private key. Relays store your data in a decentralised network of private and public relays and you discover relays automatically when searching for people or content. Data is normally sent on the clearnet, but can be relayed across the darknet (Tor) in highly censored regions. Because it is built using Bitcoin principles and technology, so it has Bitcoin money built in, meaning you actually send / receive money from / to any participant. As money is built in, the commercial options are different to centralised corporate owned platforms. It would be technically possible to build a platform that supports advertising, however that hasn’t really happened because influencers can be paid directly from their audience in many different ways. Ad hoc tips, subscriptions, pay to view or pay per time models. The great thing for content creators is that they control, own and keep all the money they make. There is no third party intermediary or merchant deciding whether they are allowed to be paid or not. NOSTR is censorship resistant, as there is no way to stop anybody publishing anything they want, in the same way nobody can stop or interfere with a Bitcoin payment. From an end users point of view, if they want to self censor, they can do this in multiple ways. You can mute users individually, or you can choose to use relays that adhere to your views or interests, so if you don’t want to see certain categories of content, you would avoid relays that carry those feeds. You can even run your own relay and curate content that you then charge other like minded users to connect to. You can of course connect to multiple relays for multiple different type of feed. While NOSTR is a protocol, platforms have to be built to use it, so the first platforms were twitter like clients and they are still very prevalent. However, NOSTR now has clients that emulate most social media platforms, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Soundcloud, WhatsApp etc. They are even creating their own categories as well as emulating other functions such as Office Suite tools, collaborative calendars, contact lists or e-commerce shops. If you want to give it a go, the easiest, but not the best, way to get started is download Primal on your phone from here: https://primal.net/downloads It will create a private key for you and setup a Bitcoin wallet. Once you have done this you can visit me here: nostr:npub1aqakd28d95muqlg6h6nwrvqq5925n354prayckr424k49vzjds4s0c237n If you want to see a small part of the ecosystem, then visit https://www.nostrapps.com/ where volunteers are listing some of the many apps that exist already. NOSTR is being backed by Jack Dorsey, Twitter founder, and you can see his account here: nostr:npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m Or you can see his account like this: https://primal.net/jack Edward Snowden is also on the platform and you can find him here: https://primal.net/Snowden NOSTR has around 2 million users or public keys, although nobody really knows how many, because it is decentralised and not controlled or run by any person or organisation. Once you’ve setup Primal, you can use those same private keys to access any platform you wish and you can use a browser extension such as Alby to manage your keys: https://getalby.com/ Primal looks great, but there are other better functioning twitter like clients, probably the most reliable for iPhone is Damus: https://www.nostrapps.com/apps/damus or Amethyst for Android: https://nostrapps.com/amethyst The content and user base is very Bitcoin and freedom focused right now, but more and more people are starting to use the various platforms and some are transferring exclusively to it. Some of the more interesting projects right now are: https://www.0xchat.com/#/ – Private messaging – think WhatsApp https://zap.stream/ – Video streaming https://fountain.fm/ – Podcasting https://wavlake.com/ – Music streaming https://shopstr.store/ – Online shop https://npub.pro/ – Website creation tool https://nostr.build/ – Media and file storage https://relay.tools/ – Build and curate your own relay https://creatr.nostr.wine/subscriptions/new-user – Creator tools Remember, the same keys you created for Primal can be used across the whole ecosystem. If you want to see some of the other apps that have been built on the NOSTR protocol visit: https://nostrapps.com/

@ ffd375eb:4529ed08

## Chef's notes Watch the video 🇫🇷: https://youtu.be/cYl4Lb0vbyc ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min - 🍳 Cook time: 3 months - 🍽️ Servings: Many ## Ingredients - 1 fennel bulb - 1 large onion - 3 garlic cloves - 1/2 tsp salt per fennel bulb - 1 tbsp turmeric powder per fennel bulb - 1 tbsp oil per fennel bulb - 1 tsp black pepper per fennel bulb - 1 tbsp honey per fennel bulb ## Directions 1. Thinly slice the fennel bulb, onion, and garlic using a mandoline slicer. 2. In a bowl, mix the sliced fennel, onion, garlic, and salt. Let sit for a bit to allow the salt to act on the ingredients. 3. In a separate bowl, mix the turmeric, oil, black pepper, and honey to make a sauce. 4. Combine the fennel, onion, garlic mixture with the turmeric sauce and mix well.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

# Nostr: a quick introduction, attempt #2 Nostr doesn't subscribe to any ideals of "free speech" as these belong to the realm of politics and assume a big powerful government that enforces a common ruleupon everybody else. Nostr instead is much simpler, it simply says that servers are private property and establishes a generalized framework for people to connect to all these servers, creating a true free market in the process. In other words, Nostr is the public road that each market participant can use to build their own store or visit others and use their services. (Of course a road is never truly public, in normal cases it's ran by the government, in this case it relies upon the previous existence of the internet with all its quirks and chaos plus a hand of government control, but none of that matters for this explanation). More concretely speaking, Nostr is just a set of definitions of the formats of the data that can be passed between participants and their expected order, i.e. messages between _clients_ (i.e. the program that runs on a user computer) and _relays_ (i.e. the program that runs on a publicly accessible computer, a "server", generally with a domain-name associated) over a type of TCP connection (WebSocket) with cryptographic signatures. This is what is called a "protocol" in this context, and upon that simple base multiple kinds of sub-protocols can be added, like a protocol for "public-square style microblogging", "semi-closed group chat" or, I don't know, "recipe sharing and feedback".

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

# a way to do an open and permissionless mesh network I don't have much experience with that so maybe this is all a stupid, but I think that routing in mesh networks is never scalable. It basically always requires all the nodes to keep a full view of the network in order to route packages -- and often there is no incentive for them to do that either. And then the thing is easily spammable but either that problem doesn't happen because the mesh never gets big enough or it has a central committee that decides who can join. The biggest example is, of course, the big ICANN-controlled IP network, that gets all the negatives of being centrally controlled while weirdly getting also all the negatives of being a kinda-decentralized peer-to-peer ad-hoc network between indepent ISPs. A good solution that makes kinda-decentralized (at least open and permissionless) routing possible and replaces node addresses with pubkeys could get rid of ICANN. Once that is done, ad-hoc peering would become more seamless and ISPs wouldn't have to be so big, clunky and centralized, they could slowly split, and non-comercial entities could join the party too by basically just plugging a cable or pointing an antenna at the correct place. ## What is it? One very dumb solution that came to my mind that has a chance of working is one in which each **node** as a keypair and to be reachable by others they announce their address -- for example, using some kind of DNS (on a [spacechain]?) or by directly communicating their address through some other means -- as their public key plus some "routing hints". The _routing hints_ are just pubkeys of other nodes _known to be_ **routers**. Known to whom? Well, this would require some schelling points to naturally appear and the network would be ordered around them, but you are never forced to use them, you have to include as many routing hints as required to ensure that all the people you want to connect to you will eventually be able to, but nothing is ever 100% guaranteed. Such network could probably work with a pure _onion routing_ scheme with all its privacy benefits in some cases; degrading to a _trampoline onion routing_ scheme otherwise, which means it will just be slightly less private the more trampolines you have to use. And every node has to keep track of just a set of routes from them to a bunch of _known routers_ (or trampolines, which in my mind are mostly the same nodes, but are slightly different roles). ## Example Suppose **A** is trying to connect to **B**. **A** is a home computer in the city of Évora, Portugal. **B** is a home computer in the city of Udine, Italy. There is a route (we, the narrator, know) between them that goes like this: **A**--_Ev_--_Li_--_Al_--_Ro_--_Sm_--_Ve_--_Ud_--**B**, in which _Ev_ means the node of an ISP in Évora which directly serves **A**, _Li_ means a big node in Lisboa, _Al_ a node in Algiers, _Ro_ a node in Rome, _Sm_ a node in San Marino, _Ve_ a node in Venice and _Ud_ a gateway node in the mesh of Udine to which **B** is connected. There could be many other routes, but we'll ignore them for now. **B** could have published his address as `<pubkey-B>?hint=<pubkey-Ud>,<pubkey-Ve>,<pubkey-Sm>,<pubkey-Ro>`, which would mean **A** would only have to know a route from _Ev_ up to _Ro_. If _Ro_ is known to be a big router, **A** could easily have a route cached there, and could discover other routes by asking around every now and then too. It wouldn't take a lot of space to have routes cached to some thousands of different known big nodes like that. Then **A** can just wrap an onion with all the coordinates and the message inside and hand it to _Ev_ and it would reach **B**. Inside the message she would also include the full route for a message to be sent back. However, even if **A** doesn't have a route to _Ro_, it could still hope that _Li_ would have, then she could make a special "trampoline" onion that goes _Ev_--_Li_ and then when _Li_ receives it it sees a request to forward the next packet to _Ro_, so _Li_ has the freedom to choose a route from itself to _Ro_ (as long as it knows _Ro_, of course) and from there **A**'s message continues. The same trampolining can exist on **B**'s side, if **B** doesn't have a route from _Ud_ to _Ro_, but knows _Ro_ is likely to have one up to _Ud_ -- or if **B** feels it's not worth including so many hints when most big nodes will have routes to _Ud_, for example, it can publish his address as `<pubkey-B>?hint=<pubkey-Ud>*<pubkey-Ro>` meaning that one should find a route up to _Ro_ and from there ask _Ro_ to trampoline it up to _Ud_. Or, if **B** doesn't expect _Ud_ to be very well-known, but _Sm_ yes, then it could do `<pubkey-B>?hint=<pubkey-Ud>,<pubkey-Sm>*<pubkey-Ro>`. Again, this is just one hint, in practice it would have to have a lot (maybe 10, 20?) other hints, in a tree structure that this querystring syntax isn't very suited for encoding: ``` Ud Tr Pu Za Li Sm * Ro Ba Mi La Ge * Mo Tu ``` (Remember, we're using city name abbreviations here, but each of these would be a specific node, with a specific public key, supposed for the example to be in such a city, but nothing prevents them from being in different cities or that multiple nodes exist in the same city.) ## Summary Basically packets go from node to node, in a sequence established by the sender -- with optional trampolines in between -- until they get to the target. Target responds in the same route. Nodes can be anyone. Focal points form around big nodes, but they can be replaced easily, the receivers just have to stop using them in their hints, so the network is flexible and open.

@ 572aa884:e266a569

# STAR TREK TNG: INCOMPATIBLE IDEALS *by Luke Parker* --- **Premise**: *This screenplay is for an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, set near the end of Season 7. It imagines a first contact encounter between Picard’s Enterprise and a fully Anarcho-Capitalist planet with no government nor belief in authority.* --- **Scene 1: Bridge** --- *Exterior views of the Starship Enterprise give way to Captain Jean-Luc Picard standing at his command station on the bridge, his gaze steady and contemplative as he records his log.* **Picard:** (voiceover) "Captain's log, Stardate 48881.4. We were on our way to Deep Space 9 to provide support for the upcoming Bajoran elections when we received an audio-only distress call from a person on the planet Anarak, just outside of Cardassian space. The planet has yet to be contacted by the Federation, and in fact very little is known about it other than how it has a highly unusual social structure; one that appears to function without any form of central government or hierarchical leadership. It is a society that, despite its relatively high level of technological sophistication, has yet to achieve warp capability. The message is urgently requesting help from any peaceful civilization in range to defend his people against Cardassian invaders. It is difficult to imagine even the Cardassians violating the Prime Directive in such a manner. We are changing course to investigate." *Picard finishes his log entry and looks up, his expression thoughtful. The rest of the bridge crew is attentive with the memory of the Cardassain conquest of Bajor fresh in their minds.* **Data:** [turning from his console to face Picard] "Captain, Starfleet's lone anthropological record on Anarak indicates that it has a relatively large population and is advanced in various scientific fields. However, there are no reports of warp capability nor a leadership structure for us to contact there. Their society’s structure might challenge our usual protocols for contact." **Riker:** [with a hint of curiosity] "An advanced society with no central government? That's a first." **Picard:** [nodding] "Indeed, Number One. The distress call came from an individual named Bas T'yat, who identifies himself only as an entrepreneur. Our intelligence suggests that Anarak's society is structured in a way that is not only hostile to hierarchies but completely devoid of any form of leadership or authority. They seem to operate on a principle of total autonomy. This would seem to indicate an absence of a planetary defense system." **Troi:** [thoughtful, with concern] "Without a central authority, how do they respond to any external threats? A society like this could be quite vulnerable to more aggressive powers, like the Cardassians." **Picard:** [grimly] "It seems that may already be the case. The distress signal implied that a hostile force, likely Cardassian, has targeted them. Without a unified defense, they could be easy prey." **Worf:** [sternly] "If the Cardassians are involved, Captain, they will not hesitate to exploit such a weakness. We must be prepared for hostilities." **Data:** [analyzing the implications] "However, the lack of formal governance could complicate any assistance we offer. Without a government to negotiate with, we may face challenges in determining how to intervene appropriately." **Picard:** [resolute, yet cautious] "We will treat Anarak as we would any other planet sending a distress call, regardless of their social structure. However, we must tread carefully. If we arrive to find Cardassians engaged in hostile acts, we may be forced to intervene. But in Federation space, our priority remains the protection of life and the maintenance of Federation principles." *The bridge crew exchanges looks of determination, each officer understanding the complexities of the mission ahead.* **Picard:** [decisive, raising his voice slightly] "Set course for Anarak. Engage at warp seven." **Data:** [acknowledging] "Course plotted, Captain. Engaging warp seven." *The familiar hum of the warp engines intensifies as the stars on the viewscreen stretch into streaks of light, and the Enterprise leaps into warp, speeding towards the strange planet and the potential conflict awaiting them.* --- **Scene 2: Bridge** --- *The Enterprise emerges from warp above the planet Anarak, the planet’s blue-green surface appearing deceptively peaceful below.* **Worf:** [at tactical, scanning the area] "Captain, no alien vessels are currently in the vicinity, only artificial satellites. However, I'm detecting signs of recent battle on the planet's surface." **Picard:** [moving closer to Worf's station] "Specify, Lieutenant." **Worf:** [analyzing the data] "There is minor damage to infrastructure in multiple locations, consistent with Cardassian disruptor fire. Several structures show signs of targeted attacks, but the damage is localized and not extensive." **Data:** [at the science station] "Captain, I'm detecting several warp signatures leading to and from the planet. However, one of these signatures does not match any known Cardassian engine profile and is not in our warp signature database." **Riker:** [concerned, looking to Picard] "An unknown vessel in the area right around the time of a Cardassian attack? This could complicate matters." **Troi:** [sensing the tension, her voice calm but alert] "Whoever they are, they may not have the best intentions. The people of Anarak could be more vulnerable than we initially thought." *Picard ponders this information, his expression thoughtful yet wary. The bridge crew continues their scans, tension mounting as they try to make sense of the situation.* **Worf:** [interrupting the silence] "Captain, we are being hailed from the surface." **Picard:** [decisive, nodding] "On screen." *The viewscreen flickers to life, revealing the image of a middle-aged man with a rugged, practical look. He exudes an air of cautious relief, though his eyes betray a deep-seated wariness.* **Bas T'yat:** "Alien vessel, thank you for coming so quickly. My name is Bas T'yat, and I’m an entrepreneur and concerned family man. Please, can you tell me, are you an ally of the Cardassians?" **Picard:** [calm and reassuring] "Mr. T'yat, I am Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the Federation starship Enterprise. I assure you, the Federation is not aligned with the Cardassians, although we have dealt with them before, and are aware of their transgressions." **Bas T'yat:** [sighs in relief] "Thank goodness. We desperately need your help. An alien ship identifying itself as Cardassian has been harassing us for weeks. I fear they'll return soon, and we have little defense against their matter transportation technology. I'm a successful inventor and businessman, Captain. I have resources and tech that could be of value to your Federation, and I'm prepared to trade anything you want in order to help protect my people." **Picard:** [curious, leaning slightly forward] "Tell me more about these attacks. What exactly have the Cardassians done?" **Bas T'yat:** [his tone shifting to one of frustration mixed with guilt] "It started about a month ago. One of our companies, my own company, in fact, launched a new type of vessel that can travel faster than light using a warp field, the first one we've ever built. Within an hour of it's maiden voyage the Cardassians showed up. At first, they demanded to know who was in charge of the planet. They didn't like the answer they got: We are a free people and no one commands us." **Riker:** [sharing a knowing glance with Picard] "A society without centralized leadership would be difficult for the Cardassians to understand or even tolerate." **Bas T'yat:** [nodding] "That was my conclusion. They treated us like a lawless frontier, moving in to take whatever they wanted. They attacked our resource stockpiles, dematerialising and I assume stealing whatever they could before we even knew what was happening. Our ground-based defense missiles successfully took out their two smaller fighter crafts that came down into our sirspace, but we have no defense against their transporter technology. Their last visit was just a raid from orbit. They just grabbed what they could without even entering the atmosphere and left within minutes." **Picard:** [thoughtful, with a hint of concern] "I see. There are widely-agreed-upon rules against this type of behavior, I assure you. However, since the Federation has never made contact with your people before now, we are unfamiliar with the proper etiquette for such a first encounter. How do you suggest we proceed safely for an official meeting?" *Bas pauses, visibly perplexed by the concept of "official" procedures, his expression almost amused.* **Bas T'yat:** [with a chuckle] "Official meeting? Captain, just come on down and park your craft outside my coordinates. My wife will make us all some refreshments." **Picard:** [with a slight smile, yet maintaining formality] "We appreciate the hospitality, Mr. T'yat, but we prefer to beam down if that's acceptable to you. We can be there in a few minutes." **Bas T'yat:** [nervous but agreeable] "Beam down? Uh, sure, that's fine. I was wondering if that technology worked on people. Love to see it in action." **Picard:** [nodding respectfully] "Understood. I'll be down with a small team to meet you outside your building shortly. Picard out." *The screen goes dark as the connection ends, leaving the bridge crew to process the encounter.* **Riker:** [with a wry smile] "Drinks with the locals; sounds like fun." **Troi:** [softly, but with insight] "He's nervous, but also hopeful. I'm sensing some hurt pride in him, too, Captain. This is likely the first time his people have ever had to reach out to anyone off-world for help. His pride may cloud his ability to fully grasp the dangers they’re facing." **Picard:** [serious, standing up to address the crew] "On top of being an official first contact, the Cardassians have made this a very delicate situation. We must be prepared for anything. Counselor Troi, Data, and La Forge, you're with me. Number one, you have the bridge." *The crew nods in understanding as the away team heads to the turbolift. The tension in the air is palpable as they ready themselves for what may be a challenging first contact and a possible hostile encounter with the Cardassians.* --- **Scene 3: Bas T’yat’s Front Lawn** --- *The team materializes on the surface of Anarak, just outside of a large, elegant house set in a lush, rural landscape. The area is a blend of modern luxury and natural beauty, though signs of recent damage are evident. Smoke still rises from a nearby hangar, the aftermath of the Cardassian attack clear in the smoldering ruins. As the team takes in their surroundings, a group of locals approaches. At the forefront is Bas T'yat, flanked by a few colleagues. He's a middle-aged man with a commanding presence, dressed in practical yet fine clothing. His stride is confident, and his eyes sharp with the determination of a man used to getting what he wants. Bas’s face lights up with a mixture of curiosity and enthusiasm as he sees the away team.* **Bas T'yat:** [warmly, holding his palms upwards and then extending one hand towards Picard in a greeting] "Captain Picard! Welcome to Anarak! I'm Bas T'yat. It is my honor to meet you." **Picard:** [imitating the hand motion, with a polite smile] "The honor is ours, Mr. T'yat. Thank you for your hospitality. May our two peoples forever live in harmony." *Bas gestures to the smoldering hangar in the distance, his tone tinged with frustration.* **Bas T'yat:** [with a sigh] "That would be wonderful. I do wish the circumstances for your visit were better. [clenching his fists] That's my hangar over there, or what's left of it, anyway. The Cardassians destroyed it and the spacecraft I designed and built there. It was our first warp vessel, one that the whole world cheered on at launch just last month. We were going to colonize the asteroids with it." **Geordi:** [To Picard, gesturing towards the wreckage] "If I may, Captain?" **Picard:** "Certainly." [To Bas T'yat] "This is my head engineer, Commander Geordi La Forge." **Geordi:** [stepping forward] "Mr. T'yat, if it's alright with you, I'd like to examine the wreckage. I might be able to determine if anything is salvageable." **Bas T'yat:** [nodding, gesturing to a colleague] "Of course. Lar Kinn here is our chief pilot. He made the historic first flight and he'll take you to the hangar and help with anything you need." *Geordi and Lar Kinn head towards the hangar, with Geordi hoping to confirm if this was the source of the warp signature detected in orbit. Meanwhile, Bas leads Picard, Troi, and Data toward his house. As they walk, Bas impatiently answers a few questions about his planet, his voice tinged with annoyance and concern.* **Data:** “Mr. T’yat, if I may, I notice that your neighborhood’s infrastructure is well taken care of. If Anarak has no central authority of any kind, who is responsible for keeping the roads and infrastructure?” **Bas T'yat:** ”Well, as a rule of thumb, if it’s on my land, I am. If it’s not on my land, then someone else is, but I may have to pay them to use it. They look so nice because we all get better insurance rates for keeping them that way.” **Data:** “Curious. And who initiates larger projects like mass transportation and research?” **Bas T'yat:** [slightly annoyed] “They are all risky endeavors taken by entrepreneurs like myself. Sometimes profits take decades to appear, but like with my new warp engine, I’m sure they’ll make me a huge fortune one day.” [turning to ensure Picard can hear him] "Anyway, I fear the Cardassians aren't done with us. They've stopped even trying to make demands of us, which makes me think they're planning something bigger. Perhaps a larger assault. We've been able to fend them off so far, but I have no clue how to defend against those transporter devices." **Picard:** [impressed] "It is remarkable that your society, with no planetary defense force, was able to repel Cardassian military forces, even if only temporarily. Cardassian ships are known for their significant weapons and shields." **Bas T'yat:** [with a hint of pride] "The people of Anarak are no strangers to defending themselves. We have numerous private protection agencies, each with advanced missile fortifications and other kinds of defenses to protect every inch of this planet. But these were designed to fend off terrorists or rival companies, not an alien invader." *They reach the entrance to Bas's home. He pauses before entering, turning to Picard with a serious expression.* **Bas T'yat:** [earnestly] "Captain, I'm prepared to trade for whatever defensive technology you can provide, especially something to counter the Cardassian's transporter technology. I am confident that our ground defenses can take out their shuttlecraft, but we're helpless against their ability to beam in and out at will." *Picard pauses, his face reflecting the weight of his decision before he speaks.* **Picard:** [in his most diplomatic tone] "Mr. T'yat, the Federation is committed to helping those in need, and we don't tolerate bullies. However, there are restrictions on the technology we can share, particularly weaponry. Also, the Federation's assistance often depends on whether a planet is on the path to becoming a member. We must ensure that our values align. In this case, a diplomatic approach might bring a far more lasting peace than simply escalating an arms race." *Bas considers this, his optimism tinged with caution. The group moves into a large room with lots of seating where a warm drink much like tea is offered. Picard partakes graciously.* **Bas T'yat:** [thoughtfully] "I see. Federation membership is... a complicated idea. I'm sure many heads of companies like myself would welcome it, but for the whole planet to become a singular member of any larger federation is hard to imagine. Our society values individual freedom above all else, and I'm not sure how compatible everyone here is with the Federation's ideals." **Data:** "The benefits of Federation membership are considerable. Could not your people one day vote on the issue to see if a majority wants to join after taking ample time to research membership?" **Bas T'yat:** [skeptically] "Voting is something that hasn't been done here for tens of thousands of years. We consider it to be archaic, a form of slavery of the minority. Honestly, I'm surprised your culture still practices it." **Picard:** [nodding, a little embarrassed] "I see. Rest assured that we try to only vote on things that have every participant's full consent. You'll find that this is very common among the races you meet as your people start to explore the stars. But until then, know that the Federation's primary concern is the safety of everyone in Federation space, including your people." *While inside Bas's home, Data discreetly connects to an open network connection, accessing Anarak's version of the internet called the Openlink. His eyes flicker left to right at an inhuman speed as he analyzes the planet's defenses and infrastructure.* **Data:** [quietly, to Picard as he processes the data] "Captain, while there are many advanced technologies in the hands of individuals and companies, I find no evidence of any kind of unified military infrastructure. The defense efforts are completely decentralized, which will surely prove problematic in the event of a full-scale Cardassian invasion." **Picard:** [grimly] "Given the Cardassians' history, we must prepare for the worst." *Just then, Geordi returns from the hangar, his expression a mix of curiosity and concern.* **Geordi:** "Captain, I've confirmed that Bas's ship was the source of the warp signature we detected. Unfortunately, the wreckage isn't salvageable. It could be a long time before Anarak returns to the stars." **Bas T'yat:** [with a determined grin] "I wouldn't say that. My first flight was widely publicized. Lar Kinn and I are celebrities now. Hundreds of other companies are likely working on similar technology already. Some of us refer to it as 'the great space race,' with the goal of creating the first off-world colony, and my company is currently in the lead." **Picard:** [with a slight smile, impressed by the resilience] "It seems the people of Anarak are not to be counted out yet. Your intrepid spirit will serve you well as Anarakans start exploring the Galaxy." **Troi:** [warmly] "Your optimism is admirable, Mr. T'yat. But remember, resilience is strongest when combined with caution." **Bas T'yat:** [nodding, appreciatively] "Wise words, Miss Troi. Hopefully with your help we'll be ready for whatever comes next." **Picard:** [ready to leave] "This tea is delicious, thank you for your hospitality. Next I'll need to talk to my superiors at Starfleet headquarters before we can proceed any further. I'll be sure and pass your concerns and needs on to them and then we'll contact you again later today." *The away team prepares to depart, with Bas expressing his thanks once more. As they beam back to the Enterprise, each member reflects on the unique challenges of Anarak.* --- **Scene 4: Picard’s ready room** --- *Minutes later, Captain Picard sits alone in his ready room, the vast starscape of space visible through the window behind him. His posture is straight, and the weight of the decision before him is clear in his eyes. He taps a command into his desk console, and the screen flickers to life with the familiar stern face of Vice Admiral Alynna Nechayev. Her image on the screen is as imposing as ever.* **Picard:** [calmly, but with underlying urgency] "Admiral, I've just concluded a preliminary contact with a representative of Anarak, just a few light years this side of Cardassian space. The situation is more complex than anticipated. The planet is under threat from the Cardassians; specifically Gul Bankar, who's been making increasingly aggressive moves from orbit. Meanwhile, the society on Anarak is... unconventional. They have no central government, no formal leadership nor military structure. The entire planet operates under a decentralized, anarchic, commerce-based system." **Nechayev:** [eyes narrowing] "Anarchists? No structure? That's not exactly an encouraging environment for a first contact, Jean-Luc. **Picard:** “Admiral, they’ve managed to develop warp technology without either a government or military. It’s a remarkable feat, but one that leaves them vulnerable.” **Nechayev:** “Are you certain there’s no one in authority at all? Not even an ambassador?" **Picard:** [nodding] "Precisely. Their social structure wouldn’t allow it. Our first contact has been with an individual and his family, one Bas T'yat; a wealthy businessman and the inventor of their first warp-capable ship. He's requesting assistance to defend against further Cardassian attacks, but without a central authority, assisting one individual could have unpredictable consequences." **Nechayev:** [questioning sharply] "Hmm. And what of the Cardassians? Is there any evidence of their involvement?" **Picard:** [gravely] "Plenty. The Cardassians have already raided the planet, seizing valuable resources. Their ship left orbit shortly before our arrival, but the threat of their return looms large. Bas T'yat is convinced they'll come back with a larger force." *Nechayev pauses, her expression hardening as she considers the situation.* **Nechayev:** [warningly] "Starfleet cannot afford to be drawn into deeper hostilities with the Cardassian Union, Jean-Luc. Especially not over a non-member world. You must tread carefully. A diplomatic solution is paramount, and under no circumstances should you provide this Bas T'yat with advanced defensive technology. The Prime Directive is clear; we don't interfere with the internal affairs of non-member worlds, and besides, you haven't even made proper first contact with the planet, only with one family." **Picard:** [measured, but firm] "Admiral, with respect, Anarak is far more advanced than many worlds we've encountered. Their technological capabilities, while decentralized, are impressive. Now that they are getting their space legs it won't be long before Anarakans are showing up in ports across the quadrant. And if the Cardassians establish a foothold here, it could destabilize the entire region." *Nechayev's face softens slightly, recognizing the gravity of the situation. She sighs, her resolve shifting as she weighs the options.* **Nechayev:** [reluctantly] "Alright, Jean-Luc. I don’t like this, but I trust your judgement. You may share transport inhibitor technology. Only enough to help them counter the Cardassians' beaming technology, but nothing more. And remember, this Bas T'yat doesn't speak for his whole planet. Try to treat his family like you would if you found them alone in a spaceship." **Picard:** "Understood, Admiral. I'll proceed with caution." **Nechayev:** [more sternly] "Just don't start another war, Jean-Luc." *The screen goes dark. Picard leans back in his chair, the weight of the decision pressing on him. He stands, smoothing his uniform, and exits the ready room onto the bridge.* --- **Scene 5: Bridge** --- *On the bridge, the atmosphere is tense as the crew processes the situation. Picard steps up to his command chair, addressing the senior officers who have gathered.* **Picard:** [seriously] "Admiral Nechayev has authorized us to share transport inhibitor technology with Anarak to help them defend against further Cardassian raids. But we must be mindful of the ethical implications of our actions." **Dr. Crusher:**: [concerned] "Captain, I'm worried about the consequences of becoming involved in this situation. If we assist Anarak, it could escalate into a larger conflict--one that could draw the Federation into another war with the Cardassians." **Worf:** [gruffly, with resolve] "But allowing the Cardassians to plunder a defenseless society is equally unacceptable, Doctor. We have a responsibility to protect the vulnerable." **Picard:** [thoughtfully, considering both viewpoints] "I'm inclined to agree with Worf on this one, Beverly. We must work fast to deploy the inhibitors wherever we can, but that does bring up another problem. The Prime Directive prevents us from interfering in the internal affairs of non-member worlds. And giving one individual on Anarak access to advanced technology could upset the delicate balance of their society. What if Bas T'yat's company gains a monopoly on defense technology? It could shift the power dynamics on the entire planet." **Troi:** [insightfully, her voice calm] "Captain, I sense that Bas T'yat is deeply worried about his planet's future. He feels a strong sense of responsibility and guilt for the attacks... I don't think that he had any way to know that their warp signature would act as a beacon to those seeking resources. They didn't even know other life forms existed until the Cardassians arrived. It's clear that Anarakans weren't prepared for the reality of interstellar contact." **Picard:** [resolved] "I agree, Counselor. We're dealing with a society that is both advanced and vulnerable. A dangerous combination. We must proceed carefully." *Picard considers this, his brow furrowed in thought. Finally, he makes a decision.* **Picard:** [decisively] "We must proceed, however. I'll invite Bas T'yat to the Enterprise to discuss the situation further. We will ensure that any assistance we provide doesn't destabilize their society, or escalate the conflict." *Picard hails Bas T'yat from his command station.* **Picard:** [calmly] "Mr. T'yat, I'd like to invite you aboard the Enterprise to discuss our options in person." *The main screen fills with T'yat's face again.* **Bas T'yat:** [with a hint of hesitation] "Thank you, Captain, I accept. But I'd prefer to take my own craft... Still not quite comfortable with the transporter technology, if you'll understand. I'll bring my wife, L'anna, and my pilot, Lar Kinn." **Picard:** [diplomatic, nodding slightly] "Understood. We'll be ready to receive you in the shuttlebay.” --- **Scene 6: Main Shuttlebay** --- *In the Enterprise's shuttlebay, the crew prepares to greet their visitors. The doors slide open, and a sleek, streamlined skysled enters the bay, guided by Lar Kinn at the controls. The craft settles gently onto the deck, and the hatch opens. Bas T'yat steps out, accompanied by his wife, L'anna, and Lar Kinn, who looks around the shuttlebay with wide-eyed curiosity. Picard, Troi, and Data are there to meet them, offering warm greetings as the Anarakans take in the impressive sight of the Enterprise's interior.* **Picard:** [welcoming, with a gesture towards the ship] "Welcome aboard the Enterprise, Mr. and Mrs. T'yat. I trust your journey was smooth?" **Bas T'yat:** [grinning, clearly impressed] "Very much so, Captain. Your ship is... well, it's more than I imagined. Thank you for having us." *Troi steps forward, offering a kind smile.* **Troi:** [invitingly] "If you'd like, I can give you a tour of the ship. We're quite proud of our vessel, and I think you'll find it fascinating." *L'anna's eyes widen with excitement, and she nods eagerly. Bas exchanges a look with Lar Kinn, just catching up to the group. He seems just as eager to explore as the others, and nods excitedly to Troi.* **Bas T'yat:** [appreciatively] "We'd be honored. Lead the way, Counselor." **Lar Kinn:** So can all these shuttles go faster than light? *With that, the group sets off on a tour of the Enterprise, the Anarakans marveling at the advanced technology and seamless design of the Federation starship. As they walk, Troi can't help but notice the mix of awe and determination in Bas T'yat an inventor and leader who knows that his world's future may very well depend on the choices made in the hours to come.* --- **Scene 7: Bridge** --- *The scene opens as Counselor Troi leads Bas T'yat, L'anna, and Lar Kinn onto the bridge of the Enterprise. The visitor's awe is palpable as they take in the grandeur of the ship's command center. Picard, standing near the captain's chair, barely has a moment to welcome them when a sudden alert draws everyone's attention.* **Data:** [at his station, voice urgent] "Captain, I'm detecting the return of the Cardassian battle cruiser. It is registered as the Kolarak. It just popped out from behind the home star and is entering orbit around Anarak." **Riker:** "Yellow alert. On screen." *Picard immediately straightens, his expression shifting from welcoming to resolute. The tension on the bridge heightens as the viewscreen flickers to life, displaying the imposing sight of the Kolarak. The Cardassian vessel looms in space, its dark hull bristling with weaponry.* **Picard:** [calmly, but with authority] "Mr. Worf, open a channel to the Kolarak." *The screen quickly reveals the stern visage of a Cardassian Gul in his command chair. His eyes narrow as he takes in the sight of the bridge crew and the unfamiliar faces of Bas and his companions.* **Picard:** [with measured politeness] "I am Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the Federation starship Enterprise. With whom am I speaking?" **Gul Bankar:** [with a sneer, his voice dripping with condescension] "You may address me as Gul Bankar." **Picard:** "Gul Bankar, there have been reports of your vessel causing harm and stealing resources from the planet below. With me is Bas T'yat, the owner of the warp-capable vessel that it appears your forces destroyed on the surface. We request an explanation for these hostilities." **Gul Bankar:** "Captain Picard, your presence here is an unwelcome interference. This planet, and its inhabitants, are under Cardassian protection. You will withdraw immediately, leaving Anarak to our care." *Picard's gaze hardens, but his tone remains calm and firm.* **Picard:** [skeptically] "Cardassian protection? Anarak lies within Federation territory. We received a distress call and are here to provide assistance." *Bankar's expression darkens, his eyes flashing with anger.* **Gul Bankar:** [coldly] "The Federation's meddling in this region is all too well documented, Picard, but Anarak is too close to Cardassian space for your interference to be tolerated. I find your so-called assistance nothing more than another prelude to annexation." *Bas, standing beside Troi, listens intently, his face reflecting a mixture of concern and frustration. Picard, sensing the rising tension, steps closer to the viewscreen.* **Picard:** [with resolve] "The Federation respects the sovereignty of all worlds. We are only here because of your aggressive actions, not to claim this planet. We have long worked to maintain peace in this sector, and I would hate to see that peace jeopardized by your reckless actions here." **Gul Bankar:** [sarcastically] "Peace? The Federation's control of Terok Nor and the Bajoran wormhole is hardly a gesture of peace. It was a clear power grab, one that we will not allow to extend to Anarak." *Picard's eyes narrow, his voice taking on a steely edge.* **Picard:** [firmly] "Gul Bankar, a conflict between the Federation and the Cardassian Union would serve no one's interests, especially not over a planet that is so new to the neighborhood. I suggest you contact your superiors before taking any further aggressive actions." *There's a tense silence as Bankar considers Picard's words, his eyes flicking to Bas and then back to Picard. Finally, he lowers his head in a slight nod, though his expression remains hostile.* **Gul Bankar:** [grudgingly] "Very well, Captain. I will contact Central Command. But understand this; Anarak will not fall under Federation control, and I will ensure that Cardassia's interests are protected. I will contact you again in 4 hours." *The transmission abruptly cuts off, leaving the bridge in a heavy silence. The Kolarak remains on the viewscreen, hovering ominously in space, nose to nose with the Enterprise now. Picard exhales, turning to face his crew.* **Picard:** [calmly, but with an undertone of urgency] "Maintain our position and yellow alert, Mr. Worf, and monitor the Kolarak for any signs of hostile activity." *Worf gives a curt nod, his eyes never leaving the tactical display.* **Worf:** [with determination] "Aye, Captain. Shields at maximum, weapons ready." *Picard then turns to Bas, who is visibly shaken but trying to maintain his composure.* **Picard:** [reassuringly] "Mr. T'yat, I understand this is a difficult situation and you don't yet know who to trust, but I assure you that we aim to keep the peace in this sector and will do everything in our power to ensure your planet's safety. We ask nothing in return from the Anarakan people. However, it is crucial that we handle this matter diplomatically." *Bas nods, though his expression is one of deep concern.* **Bas T'yat:** [uneasily] "I appreciate that, Captain, and don't worry, nothing that Gul Bankar says will make me trust his offer of "protection" after he destroyed my ship and stole resources from all over the planet. But I do worry that he’s using this time to call for reinforcements." *Picard places a reassuring hand on Bas's shoulder, his voice steady.* **Picard:** [confidently] "If he attacks, we'll face that challenge together, Mr. T'yat. You are free to return to the surface at any time but for now, I think it best that we consider how fast we could deploy our transporter inhibitor technology on your planet." **Bas T'yat:** [enthusiastically] "You mean you're willing to sell us devices that can stop them from beaming up our resources?" **Picard:** "Or beaming their troops down. And we wouldn't sell it to you, it is our gift. The Federation doesn't sell it's assistance to those in need." *The visitors faces all brighten in unison with relief.* **L'anna:** "I don't know how we could ever thank you enough, Captain. This means everything to our people." **Picard:** "Don't thank us yet, there is still the issue of deploying enough of them in time. If they're going to attack in 4 hours you'd need them set up near all the most valuable targets at the very least. They'll need a steady supply of energy, too." *Bas furls his lips in concerned thought.* **Data:** "Captain, I've analyzed all of the planet's most valuable resource depots that our scanners can detect and I see 168 unique locations that we should set up transport inhibitors. There may, of course, be other targets too that they would want." **Riker:** [apprehensively] "That's way too many for us to replicate in time, much less visit each location to install within the next 4 hours." **Picard:** "We need a way to speed up that deployment, at least to enough sites that will show Gul Bankar that things have changed... And hopefully without him detecting our movements." **Bas T'yat:** "If I may captain, I think I know a better way to deploy them if I can just make a detailed scan of one and save it to our printer file format... We don't have your transporter technology, but our device printers are able to scan and quickly reproduce any technological device that we can identify the components of." **Riker:** "And how will that help distribute them to everyone in time?" **Bas T'yat:** "Simple, every business and household has one of these printers. I can upload the scanned file to our Openlink and tell all of Anarak in one broadcast about the imminent threat and how to protect themselves from it with one of these inhibitors. They'll pop out thousands of them in time." **Picard:** "That sounds very promising, Mr. T’yat. But I want your assurance that your company will not hold any sort of monopoly on this technology or otherwise profit from it; In lieu of a government, the Federation requires that this gift be made to your whole planet at once." **Bas T'yat:** [after some hesitation] "Alright, Captain. You have my promise. Giving up some profits is the least I can do to make up for attracting the Cardassians to Anarak." *Picard looks visibly relieved, giving a curt nod to Bas.* **Picard:** "Data, take our guests to engineering and grab whomever you may need to assist you with making this happen in time. Remember, you’ll also need to show the Anarakans how to use these devices." **Data:** "Aye sir." [To the visitors] "If you'll follow me please, we'll be able to work on this in engineering." *Data, Bas, Lar Kinn, and L'anna walk briskly to the turbolift. The scene closes with Picard returning to his command chair, the bridge crew resuming their stations as the standoff between the Enterprise and the Kolarak continues. The two ships remain locked in silence, nose to nose, as the 4-hour countdown begins.* --- **Scene 8: Main Engineering** --- *The scene opens in Main Engineering, where Geordi La Forge, Data, and Ensign Sam Lavelle are putting the final touches on the scan for their transport inhibitor device. Bas T'yat and Lar Kinn stand nearby, observing the process with keen interest. The atmosphere is tense, underscored by the ticking clock counting down the hours until Gul Bankar's deadline.* **Geordi:** [focused as he works] "All right, that should do it. The scan of this transport inhibitor is ready, and the data's been formatted for your printers." *He hands a datapad to Bas, who takes it with a mix of curiosity and nervousness.* **Geordi:** [reassuringly] "You'll be able to upload the complete plans from this device, including an adapter for your power source. Once it's on your network, anyone with Openlink access will be able to build and deploy these inhibitors in a matter of minutes. It's up to you, however, to convince them to do that." **Bas T'yat:** [relieved] "Thank you, Commander. I'm sure many will manage it in time, but I just hope it's enough." **Lavelle:** [chiming in, pointing to the datapad] "Also I've included a detailed instruction set too. It explains how to set the units up and operate them." *Bas nods his thanks, flipping through the instructions as Lar Kinn looks over his shoulder.* **Data:** [ever precise, offering a suggestion] "Mr. T'yat, given the standoff outside, it may be prudent to avoid the use of the transporter. The Kolarak is likely monitoring our actions closely. Sending the plans with you aboard the skysled would appear less provocative." *Bas looks visibly relieved at the suggestion, nodding in agreement.* **Bas T'yat:** [grateful] "Thank you, we'd prefer not having our atoms scattered throughout the atmosphere today anyway." **Geordi:** [nodding, humorously] "No problem. We'll make sure the skysled is ready to go." *Data gestures toward the exit of Engineering, indicating it's time to depart.* **Data:** [calmly, but with urgency] "We should make our way to the shuttlebay. There's less than two hours remaining before the Gul's deadline. It's imperative that as many Anarakans as possible receive these plans in time." *Bas and Lar Kinn exchange a look, their expressions set with determination as they follow Data out of Engineering. The camera follows the group as they walk briskly through the corridors of the Enterprise.* **L'anna:** "You'll be sure to tell the Captain and Councilor Troi that we said goodbye?" **Data:** "Of course. And let me say that I find your culture truly intriguing, and hope we get the chance to visit again in the future, no matter if Anarak chooses Federation membership or otherwise." **Bas T'yat:** "You'd be our welcome guest anytime, Mr. Data. I think you'd most enjoy seeing the progress my people have made with robotics and artificial intelligence. My company produces one of the best-selling android assistants on the market." **Data:** "Fascinating. I look forward to it. Here we are." *As they reach the shuttlebay, the large bay doors slide open, revealing the sleek skysled waiting for them. The ship is prepped and ready for launch, its engines humming with quiet power.* **Data:** [pausing as their ship's door opens] "We wish you a safe journey, Mr. T'yat, L'anna, Mr. Kinn." **Bas T'yat:** [nodding, with resolve] "We'll make sure everyone gets these plans. Thank you, Commander Data." *Lar Kinn gives Data a respectful nod before they step onto the skysled. Data watches as they take their positions inside the cockpit. Data then taps his communicator, his voice steady.* **Data:** "Data to the Bridge, our visitors are ready to depart." *The camera cuts to the exterior of the Enterprise, where the massive shuttlebay doors slide open. The skysled, with its sleek design and glowing engines, slowly backs out of the bay, the vastness of space stretching out behind it. As the skysled turns on its main engines, the camera shifts to an interior cabin view, showing Bas and Lar Kinn exchanging a final, determined nod before the vessel speeds downwards towards Anarak.* --- **Scene 9: Bridge** --- *The scene opens 30 minutes later. The tension on the Enterprise bridge is palpable as the Openlink broadcasts Bas's message and the transport inhibitor plans worldwide. The crew watches anxiously as the first inhibitors are swiftly deployed across Anarak. Suddenly, the ship's sensors beep urgently. Worf glances at his console, eyes narrowing.* **Worf:** [alarmed] "Captain, seven additional Cardassian battle cruisers have exited warp and joined Gul Bankar's ship. They're forming up and preparing to engage." **Riker:** "Red alert, forward shields to maximum." *Picard's expression hardens as the Kolarak hails them. Gul Bankar's visage appears on the viewscreen, eyes burning with fury.* **Gul Bankar:** [accusatory] "We've detected the inhibitor plans on their planet-wide network, Picard. You've broken our gentleman's agreement by sharing advanced technology with a primitive civilization. So much for Starfleet ideals! You're no match for us now. Try and stop us at your own peril." *With that, Bankar cuts off communications. Picard stands, frustration etched into his features as the fleet of eight warships begins its descent toward Anarak.* **Data:** [urgently] "Captain, the Cardassian ships are gaining speed and appear to be initiating an attack run on the planet's largest population center. Tens of millions of civilian lives are at risk, more than usual because the defensive turrets are spread out among the greater population. It is not uncommon for them to be placed on rooftops and around housing here." *The crew's tension escalates as the gravity of the situation sinks in. Picard, feeling the weight of command, turns to his officers.* **Picard:** [steady but intense] "Ideas?" **Worf:** "Captain, we could attempt to disable their weapons and transporters, focusing on minimizing their capacity to attack." **Riker:** [shaking his head] "Even so, we're outmatched. Enterprise won't survive against eight battle cruisers." **Troi:** [calm but urgent] "We just need to buy time. To give the Anarakans a chance to fully deploy their defense net. But any kind of engagement from us still risks re-igniting a war with the Cardassians." *Data, ever analytical, speaks up with a grim tone.* **Data:** "Captain, I've run millions of battle scenarios. None result in the Enterprise surviving while saving more than a few dozen lives on the surface. Our current position is untenable." *As the Cardassian warships break through the planet's stratosphere, Ensign Lavelle, stationed at comms, suddenly speaks up.* **Lavelle:** [urgently] "Captain, Bas T'yat has just sent out another message across the planet, warning of the incoming Cardassian fleet." *Picard opens his mouth and lifts his index finger to respond, but he's cut off by a sudden, blinding array of light erupting from the planet's surface, filling up the viewscreen. The bridge crew shields their eyes as the screen fills with thousands of pinpricks of light; an overwhelming launch of nuclear-armed missiles aimed directly at the Cardassian fleet.* **Worf:** [stunned] "Captain, these are nuclear-fission warheads, each with a 10-megaton yield. I've never seen a civilization with this many dirty weapons in active deployment." *The bridge falls silent as the sheer scale of the Anarakan response becomes clear. The entire hemisphere of Anarak has mobilized, proving their incredible capacity for defense, despite the lack of a centralized government.* **Data:** "Fascinating. It could be that no central authority is needed for coordination when the threat is dire. These people all appear to be responding individually with their own weapons." *The first few dozen warheads impact the Cardassian shields, which manage to absorb their blasts. But the onslaught is unrelenting. Hundreds, then thousands of warheads detonate in rapid succession, creating a cataclysmic, sustained explosion. The Cardassian ships, though formidable, are utterly overwhelmed. The viewscreen shows an apocalyptic display; a temporary star forms in Anarak's upper atmosphere, engulfing the entire Cardassian flotilla in an unprecedented, blinding flash.* **Picard:** "Helm, back off our position." *The bridge crew watches in stunned silence as the massive explosion slowly dissipates, leaving nothing but a red afterglow and the eerie silence of space. Power has gone out across the hemisphere on the planet below, but not a single molecule of the Cardassian ships remain. Picard and his crew are left in awe, mingled with a deep sense of disappointment. The enormity of what they've witnessed sinks in; a civilization so welcoming, yet still capable of such destructive power... Sso fundamentally different from the Federation's ideals. Troi closes her eyes tightly and winces, blocking out the pain of all those Cardassian deaths. Picard stands, staring out at the aftermath, the weight of the moment heavy on his shoulders.* **Picard:** [quietly, with a great sense of loss] "Such utter destruction..." *The camera pulls back, showing the Enterprise as a small silhouette against the reddish glow below.* --- **Scene 10: Bridge** --- *The scene opens minutes later with the Enterprise bridge crew still processing the aftermath of the overwhelming display of destructive power. The mood is somber as the reality of what they've witnessed lingers. Suddenly, Bas T'yat's face appears on the viewscreen, his expression a mixture of relief and satisfaction.* **Bas T'yat:** [earnestly] "Captain Picard, I wanted to thank you and your crew for everything. It seems our future is secure now, thanks to the defense network and your assistance. We're eager to move forward and hope the Federation will allow us to engage in commerce with your worlds and other peaceful civilizations." *Picard stands, his gaze steady, though his tone reflects the weight of what has transpired. He pauses for a moment, as if searching for the right words, the bridge falling into a brief, tense silence.* **Picard:** [measured, but firm] "Mister T'yat, I must be candid. While the Enterprise is pleased to have assisted in safeguarding your world, the events of today have left us with grave concerns. The way Anarak handled the Cardassians… particularly the use of nuclear warheads, demonstrates a fundamental difference in values between our societies. We cannot endorse methods that pose such a grave risk to all life, even in defence. The Federation could not, in good conscience, approve your planet for membership given these circumstances." *Bas's expression shifts to one of slight disappointment, but he remains composed.* **Bas T'yat:** "I understand, Captain. We've always been a world that does things our own way. Federation membership would have been a tough sell to my people anyway. But what about trade? Surely we can still establish commerce with Federation worlds?" *Picard nods, his tone softening slightly.* **Picard:** "Trade remains an option. We won't turn away peaceful commerce between Anarak and Federation planets. However, I must stress that the use of nuclear weapons is fundamentally at odds with Federation ethics. While I recognize their role in your planet's defense, I hope that over time, your people will explore more sophisticated and less destructive means of protection." *Bas nods again, understanding the implications of Picard's words.* **Bas T'yat:** "It's clear that today's events were... extreme. The fallout, the EMP blackouts, the atmospheric damage; we've already seen unacceptable cost. I'll do my best to guide my people toward more advanced defenses, and away from reliance on such careless weapons. It will be my penance for leading the Cardassians here." *Troi senses his guilt once again and takes a deep breath. Clearly still shaken by the loss of life, she steadies herself before offering a supportive smile.* **Troi:** "You shouldn't burden yourself with guilt, Mister T'yat. Anarak was bound to take that step sooner or later. What matters now is how you use your newfound role as an ambassador to the stars. Your actions will shape your planet's future in the galaxy." *Bas smiles, clearly grateful for the support.* **Bas T'yat:** "Thank you, Counselor. I'll do my best to live up to that responsibility." *After a few more exchanges, the connection ends, and Bas T'yat's image fades from the viewscreen. Picard takes a deep breath and turns to face his bridge crew.* **Picard:** [reflective] "We've witnessed two amazing displays of power today; one of the explosive variety, and the other of a free people's resolve. It's hard to imagine how their society works with no acceptance of authority, but today they've clearly displayed that they can accomplish amazing things working together even without any." *Worf, still perplexed, shakes his head slightly.* **Worf:** "I still don't understand how an entire planet could coordinate such a specific defense without any central leadership." *Leaning casually against the console, Riker chuckles lightly.* **Riker:** "It was in everyone's best interest, Worf. They just needed Bas's signal to know when the attack was imminent. The rest fell into place." **Worf:** "And how they could hide that many warheads from our scans? Enriched Uranium is the easiest of all elements to scan for." **Data:** "It appears that their stealth technology may be on par with our own." *Picard, his expression thoughtful, gazes out at the stars beyond the viewscreen.* **Picard:** "I'm placing a note in my log for Starfleet to leave this planet alone until they can't be ignored any longer. I believe it's for the best that we leave Anarak to chart its own course in the galaxy." *He pauses, a faint smile tugging at the corner of his mouth.* **Picard:** "I doubt we'll have trouble with them soon, at least, until they meet the Ferengi." *The bridge crew shares a quick laugh and then a quiet moment of contemplation before returning to their stations. The camera pulls back, showing the Enterprise once again poised in the vastness of space, a symbol of hope and integrity amidst the complexities of a vast and unpredictable galaxy. Fade to black.* --- --- --- ****This story is set in the Star Trek universe, created by Gene Roddenberry and owned by Paramount. I do not own any of the characters or settings from the Star Trek franchise, and this is purely a fan-made work for non-commercial purposes.****

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Bitcoin ถือกำเนิดขึ้นในปี 2009 จากวิสัยทัศน์ของ Satoshi Nakamoto บุคคลหรือกลุ่มบุคคลปริศนา ที่ใฝ่ฝันถึง "เงินสดดิจิทัล" อิสระไร้พรมแดน ไร้การควบคุมจากรัฐบาล ในช่วงแรกเริ่ม Bitcoin เป็นเสมือนเพชรดิบที่ซ่อนตัวอยู่ในเงามืด เป็นที่รู้จักกันเฉพาะในกลุ่มเล็กๆ ที่หลงใหลในเทคโนโลยีและศักยภาพอันไร้ขีดจำกัดของมัน แต่แล้ว Bitcoin ก็เริ่มฉายแสงเจิดจรัส ดึงดูดความสนใจจากผู้คนทั่วโลก ราคาพุ่งทะยานอย่างรวดเร็ว บริษัทและบริการต่างๆ ผุดขึ้นมาราวกับดอกเห็ด ทว่า.. เส้นทางสู่ความสำเร็จของ Bitcoin ไม่ได้โรยด้วยกลีบกุหลาบ Bitcoin ยังต้องเผชิญกับความท้าทายมากมาย ทั้งปัญหาทางเทคนิค ความขัดแย้งภายในชุมชนและการต่อสู้แย่งชิงอำนาจ ## **Blocksize Limit จุดเริ่มต้นของความขัดแย้งและสงคราม Big Blocks VS Small Blocks** ย้อนกลับไปในปี 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto ได้เพิ่ม **"Blocksize Limit"** ซึ่งเป็นข้อจำกัดขนาดของ Block ใน Bitcoin ไว้ที่ 1MB เพื่อป้องกันการโจมตีทางไซเบอร์ในยุคแรกเริ่ม แต่เมื่อ Bitcoin ได้รับความนิยมมากขึ้น ธุรกรรมก็เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว Blocksize Limit 1MB เริ่มจะกลายเป็นปัญหา.. เกิดการถกเถียงอย่างดุเดือดในชุมชน Bitcoin ว่าควรเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit หรือไม่ ฝ่าย **"Small Blockers"** นำโดยนักพัฒนา Bitcoin Core ส่วนใหญ่ เชื่อว่า Blocksize Limit ควรคงที่ เพื่อรักษาความปลอดภัยและการกระจายอำนาจ พวกเขากล่าวอ้างว่า Big Blocks จะทำให้ Bitcoinรวมศูนย์อยู่ที่ Miners รายใหญ่ และยากต่อการรัน Full Nodes สำหรับผู้ใช้งานทั่วไป ซึ่งจะบั่นทอนความเป็น Decentralized ของ Bitcoin ฝ่าย **"Big Blockers"** นำโดย Gavin Andresen ผู้สืบทอดตำแหน่งจาก Satoshi Nakamoto และ Mike Hearn เชื่อว่า Bitcoin ควรเติบโตอย่างไม่จำกัด "Big Blocks" คือคำตอบ พวกเขามองว่า Small Blocks จะทำให้ Bitcoin ไม่สามารถรองรับธุรกรรมที่เพิ่มขึ้น ค่าธรรมเนียมจะพุ่งสูงและ Bitcoin จะไม่สามารถใช้งานได้จริงในชีวิตประจำวัน.. ความขัดแย้งนี้สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงวิสัยทัศน์ที่แตกต่างกัน Gavin Andresen ผู้ที่เคยได้รับความไว้วางใจจาก Satoshi รู้สึกผิดหวังที่ Bitcoin Core ไม่ยอมเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit เขาเชื่อมั่นว่า Bitcoin ควรเป็นระบบการชำระเงินที่ใช้งานได้จริง รวดเร็ว และมีค่าธรรมเนียมต่ำ ## **Blockstream บริษัทผู้ทรงอิทธิพลและความกังวลเรื่องผลประโยชน์ทับซ้อน** ปี 2014 กลุ่มนักพัฒนา Bitcoin Core บางส่วนได้ก่อตั้งบริษัท **Blockstream** (นำโดย Adam Back) พวกเขาเน้นการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยี Blockchain และกลายเป็นที่มถกเถียงว่าอิทธิพลอย่างมากต่อ Bitcoin Core Blockstream สนับสนุน "Small Blocks" เช่นเดียวกับ Bitcoin Core พวกเขาพัฒนา **"Sidechains"** ซึ่งเป็น Blockchain แยกต่างหากที่เชื่อมต่อกับ Bitcoin เช่น **Liquid Network Sidechains** ซึ่งช่วยให้ Blockstream สามารถเก็บค่าธรรมเนียมจากธุรกรรมและขายบริการให้กับองค์กรหรือบริษัทต่างๆ ได้ ความสัมพันธ์อันใกล้ชิดระหว่าง Blockstream และ Bitcoin Core ทำให้เกิดความกังวลขึ้นในชุมชน Bitcoin ในขณะนั้นว่า Blockstream อาจมีผลประโยชน์ทับซ้อนและต้องการให้ Bitcoin คงขนาดเล็ก เพื่อผลักดันให้คนใช้งาน "Sidechains" ของพวกเขา ## **BitcoinXT และ Bitcoin Classic ความพยายามแก้ไข Blocksize ที่ถูกต่อต้าน** ปี 2015 Mike Hearn และ Gavin Andresen ตัดสินใจเสนอทางออกด้วยการสร้าง **"BitcoinXT"** ซอฟต์แวร์ Bitcoin เวอร์ชั่นใหม่ที่ **เพิ่ม Blocksize Limit เป็น 8MB** แต่ BitcoinXT ถูกต่อต้านอย่างรุนแรงจากฝ่าย Small Blockers Bitcoin.org เว็บไซต์หลักของ Bitcoin และ r/Bitcoin ฟอรัมหลักของ Bitcoin ได้เซ็นเซอร์ BitcoinXT ไม่ให้ปรากฏ เกิดการโจมตีทางไซเบอร์ที่มุ่งเป้าไปที่ BitcoinXT โดยตรง Coinbase บริษัทแลกเปลี่ยน Cryptocurrency รายใหญ่ ประกาศสนับสนุน BitcoinXT แต่กลับถูกถอดออกจาก Bitcoin.org ต่อมา **Bitcoin Classic** ถูกสร้างขึ้นเป็นอีกหนึ่งทางเลือก แต่ก็ล้มเหลวเช่นกัน เนื่องจาก Bitcoin Core ยังคงมีอิทธิพลอย่างมากในชุมชน Bitcoin ในช่วงเวลานั้น.. ## **Hong Kong Agreement และ New York Agreement ความพยายามประนีประนอมที่ไม่ลงตัว** ปี 2016 และ 2017 เกิดความพยายามในการประนีประนอมระหว่างฝ่าย Small Blocks และ Big Blockers ถึงสองครั้ง คือ "Hong Kong Agreement" และ "New York Agreement" ทั้งสองข้อตกลงมีเป้าหมายที่จะเปิดใช้งาน **SegWit** และ **เพิ่ม Blocksize Limit เป็น 2MB** แต่ Bitcoin Core ไม่ทำตามสัญญาในการเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit ทำให้ข้อตกลงล้มเหลว ความล้มเหลวของข้อตกลงทั้งสอง สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงความไม่ไว้วางใจระหว่างสองฝ่าย และความยากลำบากในการหาจุดร่วมที่ทุกฝ่ายยอมรับ ## **SegWit ก้าวสำคัญของ Bitcoin และจุดกำเนิดของ Bitcoin Cash** ในที่สุด SegWit ก็ถูกเปิดใช้งานบน Bitcoin ในเดือนสิงหาคม 2017 SegWit เป็น **Soft Fork** ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงวิธีการจัดเก็บข้อมูลใน Block เพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพและความปลอดภัย SegWit ช่วยแก้ปัญหา **"Transaction Malleability"** ซึ่งเป็นช่องโหว่ด้านความปลอดภัย และปูทางไปสู่การพัฒนา **"Layer 2 solutions"** เช่น **Lightning Network** ในเวลาต่อมา.. อย่างไรก็ตาม.. กลุ่ม "Big Blockers" มองว่า SegWit ไม่ใช่ทางออกที่แท้จริงสำหรับปัญหาการขยายขนาด (พวกเขาต้องการขยายขนาดบล็อกบนเลอเยอร์ฐาน) พวกเขาไม่พอใจที่ Bitcoin Core ไม่ทำตามสัญญาในการเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit ในเดือนสิงหาคม 2017 กลุ่ม "Big Blockers" ได้ทำการ **"Hard Fork"** Bitcoin เพื่อสร้าง **"Bitcoin Cash (BCH)"** ซึ่งอ้างว่ามุ่งสืบทอดจุดมุ่งหมายดั้งเดิมของ Bitcoin ในฐานะ **"เงินสดดิจิทัล"** ## **ความเสี่ยงด้านความปลอดภัย Bug ร้ายแรงใน Bitcoin Core และบทเรียนที่ได้รับ** ในเดือนกันยายน 2018 Awemany นักพัฒนา BCH ค้นพบ Bug ร้ายแรงใน Bitcoin Core (CVE-2018-17144) ซึ่งอาจทำให้เกิดภาวะเงินเฟ้อได้ Bug นี้เกิดจากความผิดพลาดในการเขียนโค้ด และอาจทำให้ผู้ไม่หวังดีสามารถสร้าง Bitcoin ปลอมขึ้นมาได้ Awemany ได้แจ้งเตือนนักพัฒนา Bitcoin Core อย่างเงียบๆ แทนที่จะใช้ประโยชน์จาก Bug นี้ แสดงให้เห็นถึงความรับผิดชอบของเขา และ Bug นี้ได้รับการแก้ไขอย่างรวดเร็ว เหตุการณ์นี้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความสำคัญของการตรวจสอบโค้ดอย่างละเอียด และความจำเป็นของการมีนักพัฒนาจากหลายฝ่ายเพื่อช่วยกันตรวจสอบความถูกต้องของโค้ด นอกจากนี้.. ยังเป็นเครื่องเตือนใจว่าแม้แต่ระบบที่ถูกออกแบบมาอย่างดีก็ยังมีความเสี่ยงด้านความปลอดภัย ## **Bitcoin Cash แตกแยก การ Hard Fork ครั้งที่สอง และบทบาทของ Craig Wright** ในเดือนพฤศจิกายน 2018 Bitcoin Cash (BCH) ได้แตกออกเป็นสองสาย คือ **Bitcoin ABC (BCH)** และ **Bitcoin SV (BSV)** การ Hard Fork นี้เกิดจากความขัดแย้งระหว่างกลุ่มนักพัฒนา Bitcoin ABC นำโดย Amaury Séchet และกลุ่ม Bitcoin SV นำโดย Craig Wright ผู้ที่อ้างว่าเป็น Satoshi Nakamoto 🤔 ความขัดแย้งหลักคือเรื่องขนาดของ Block และทิศทางการพัฒนา Bitcoin Cash กลุ่ม Bitcoin SV ต้องการเพิ่มขนาด Block อย่างมาก ในขณะที่กลุ่ม Bitcoin ABC ต้องการปรับปรุง Bitcoin Cash ในด้านอื่นๆ เช่น Smart Contracts Craig Wright มีบทบาทสำคัญในการผลักดัน Bitcoin SV เขาเชื่อมั่นว่า Bitcoin ควรเป็นไปตามวิสัยทัศน์ดั้งเดิมของ Satoshi Nakamoto โดยเน้นที่การเป็น "เงินสดอิเล็กทรอนิกส์แบบ peer-to-peer" การ Hard Fork นี้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความหลากหลายของความคิดเห็นในชุมชน Cryptocurrency และความยากลำบากในการหาจุดร่วมที่ทุกฝ่ายยอมรับ นอกจากนี้.. ยังสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงความท้าทายในการกำหนดทิศทางของ Cryptocurrency ในอนาคตอีกด้วย ## **Bitcoin ในปัจจุบัน เส้นทางสู่ทองคำดิจิทัล และวิวัฒนาการของเทคโนโลยี** หลังจากการ Hard Fork ของ Bitcoin Cash Bitcoin ได้ก้าวเข้าสู่ยุคใหม่ Bitcoin ได้รับการยอมรับมากขึ้นในวงกว้าง มีมูลค่าตลาดสูง และถูกมองว่าเป็น **"ทองคำดิจิทัล"** ที่สามารถใช้เก็บรักษามูลค่าในระยะยาว (Store of Value) การพัฒนา **Lightning Network** เป็นก้าวสำคัญในการแก้ปัญหาเรื่องค่าธรรมเนียมและความเร็วในการทำธุรกรรม Lightning Network เป็น **"Second Layer"** ที่สร้างขึ้นบน Bitcoin Blockchain ช่วยให้สามารถทำธุรกรรมได้รวดเร็วขึ้น มีค่าธรรมเนียมต่ำ และมีความเป็นส่วนตัวสูง อย่างไรก็ตาม.. Lightning Network ยังคงต้องเผชิญกับความท้าทาย เช่น ปัญหาเรื่องการบริหารจัดการ Liquidity และความซับซ้อนในการใช้งาน นอกจาก Lightning Network แล้ว ยังมีการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีอื่นๆ ที่ช่วยเพิ่มขีดความสามารถของ Bitcoin เช่น **Taproot** ซึ่งเป็น Soft Fork ที่ช่วยเพิ่มความเป็นส่วนตัว และ **Schnorr signatures** ซึ่งเป็น Digital Signature แบบใหม่ที่ช่วยลดขนาดของธุรกรรมให้เล็กลง นอกจากนี้.. ยังเริ่มมีการพัฒนา DeFi (Decentralized Finance) บน Bitcoin และ Bitcoin Ordinals ซึ่งเป็นวิธีการใหม่ในการฝังข้อมูลลงใน Bitcoin Blockchain Bitcoin ยังคงถูกนำไปใช้ในประเทศอื่นๆ นอกจาก El Salvador และมีความพยายามในการแก้ปัญหาความกังวลด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมจากการขุด Bitcoin ## **บทเรียนจากมหากาพย์แห่งวิวัฒนาการ** ประวัติศาสตร์ Bitcoin สอนให้เรารู้ว่า.. เทคโนโลยี Blockchain มีศักยภาพในการเปลี่ยนแปลงโลก แต่เส้นทางสู่ความสำเร็จนั้นก็ไม่ได้โรยด้วยกลีบกุหลาบ ความขัดแย้ง การต่อสู้แย่งชิงอำนาจ และการตัดสินใจที่ยากลำบาก ล้วนเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการเดินทาง สิ่งที่สำคัญที่สุดคือ.. เราต้องศึกษา ทำความเข้าใจ และอาจมีส่วนร่วมในการกำหนดทิศทางของเทคโนโลยีนี้ เพื่อให้ Blockchain สามารถสร้างประโยชน์สูงสุดให้กับมวลมนุษยชาติต่อไป # **เจาะลึกวิวัฒนาการของ Bitcoin การ Soft Forks, Hard Forks และมุมมองที่แตกต่าง** ## **SegWit, Taproot และ Soft Forks อื่นๆ การปรับปรุง Bitcoin อย่างนุ่มนวล** Bitcoin Core ไม่ได้หยุดนิ่งอยู่กับที่ นักพัฒนาได้ทำงานอย่างต่อเนื่องเพื่อปรับปรุง Bitcoin ให้ดีขึ้น โดยใช้ **"Soft Forks"** ซึ่งเป็นการอัพเกรดที่เข้ากันได้กับซอฟต์แวร์เวอร์ชั่นเก่า ### **SegWit (Segregated Witness)** เปิดตัวในปี 2017 SegWit เป็นเหมือนการจัดระเบียบข้อมูลใน Block ใหม่ ย้ายส่วนที่เรียกว่า "Witness data" (ข้อมูลลายเซ็น) ออกไปไว้ข้างนอก ทำให้มีพื้นที่ว่างใน Block มากขึ้น รองรับธุรกรรมได้มากขึ้น และลดค่าธรรมเนียมได้ SegWit ยังช่วยแก้ปัญหา "Transaction Malleability" ซึ่งเป็นช่องโหว่ด้านความปลอดภัยและปูทางไปสู่การพัฒนา Lightning Network ### **Taproot** เปิดตัวในปี 2021 Taproot เป็น Soft Fork ที่ช่วยเพิ่มความเป็นส่วนตัว และประสิทธิภาพของ Bitcoin Taproot ทำให้ธุรกรรมที่ซับซ้อน เช่น Smart Contracts มีขนาดเล็กลงและยากต่อการแยกแยะจากธุรกรรมทั่วไป Soft Forks อื่นๆ ที่ Bitcoin Core ได้นำมาใช้ เช่น BIP 65 (CheckLockTimeVerify) และ BIP 112 (CSV) ช่วยเพิ่มความยืดหยุ่นในการใช้งาน Bitcoin และปูทางไปสู่การพัฒนาฟังก์ชันใหม่ๆ ## **Hard Forks เส้นทางที่แตกต่างและการถือกำเนิดของเหรียญใหม่** ในขณะที่ Soft Forks เป็นการอัพเกรดที่นุ่มนวล **"Hard Forks"** นั้นนับว่าเป็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงครั้งใหญ่ ที่ทำให้เกิดสาย Blockchain ใหม่และเหรียญใหม่ ### **Bitcoin XT (2015)** เป็นความพยายามครั้งแรกในการเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit โดย Mike Hearn และ Gavin Andresen Bitcoin XT เสนอให้เพิ่ม Blocksize Limit เป็น 8MB แต่ถูกต่อต้านอย่างรุนแรง และไม่ประสบความสำเร็จ ### **Bitcoin Classic (2016)** เป็นอีกหนึ่งความพยายามในการเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit โดยเสนอให้เพิ่มเป็น 2MB แต่ก็ล้มเหลวเช่นกัน ### **Bitcoin Unlimited (2016)** เสนอให้ Miners สามารถกำหนด Blocksize Limit ได้เอง แต่มีข้อบกพร่องด้านความปลอดภัย และไม่เป็นที่ยอมรับในวงกว้าง ### **Bitcoin Cash (BCH) (2017)** เกิดจากการ Hard Fork ของ Bitcoin โดยกลุ่ม "Big Blockers" ที่ไม่พอใจที่ Bitcoin Core ไม่ยอมเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit Bitcoin Cash เพิ่ม Blocksize Limit เป็น 8MB และมุ่งเน้นที่การเป็น "เงินสดดิจิทัล" ที่ใช้งานได้จริง ### **Bitcoin SV (BSV) (2018)** เกิดจากการ Hard Fork ของ Bitcoin Cash โดยกลุ่มที่นำโดย **Craig Wright** ผู้ที่อ้างว่าเป็น Satoshi Nakamoto Bitcoin SV ต้องการเพิ่มขนาด Block อย่างมาก และกลับไปสู่วิสัยทัศน์ดั้งเดิมของ Bitcoin ### **Bitcoin ABC (2020)** เกิดจากการ Hard Fork ของ Bitcoin Cash โดยกลุ่มนักพัฒนา Bitcoin ABC ที่ต้องการเปลี่ยนแปลงกลไกการระดมทุน Bitcoin ABC ถูกเปลี่ยนชื่อเป็น eCash ในภายหลัง ## **มุมมองที่แตกต่าง Bitcoin ถูก "แย่งชิง" หรือไม่?** หนังสือ **"Hijacking Bitcoin"** โดย Roger Ver นำเสนอมุมมองที่แตกต่างจาก Bitcoin Maximalists Roger Ver เชื่อว่า Bitcoin ถูก **"แย่งชิง"** โดยกลุ่มนักพัฒนา Bitcoin Core และ Blockstream ที่ต้องการเปลี่ยนแปลง Bitcoin จาก "เงินสดดิจิทัล" ให้กลายเป็น **"สินทรัพย์เก็บมูลค่า"** Roger Ver วิพากษ์วิจารณ์ Bitcoin Core ในหลายประเด็น เช่น.. ### **การไม่ยอมเพิ่ม Blocksize Limit** Roger Ver เชื่อว่า Bitcoin Core จงใจจำกัดการเติบโตของ Bitcoin เพื่อผลักดันให้คนใช้งาน Sidechains ของ Blockstream ### **การเซ็นเซอร์ข้อมูล** Roger Ver กล่าวหาว่า Bitcoin Core เซ็นเซอร์ข้อมูลและปิดกั้นการสนทนาเกี่ยวกับ Big Blocks บนแพลตฟอร์มต่างๆ ### **การต่อต้านนวัตกรรม** Roger Ver เชื่อว่า Bitcoin Core ต่อต้านนวัตกรรม และไม่ยอมรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่อาจทำให้ Bitcoin ดีขึ้น ### **การควบคุมโดยกลุ่มเล็กๆ** Roger Ver มองว่า Bitcoin Core ถูกควบคุมโดยกลุ่มเล็กๆ ที่ไม่คำนึงถึงความต้องการของชุมชน Bitcoin Roger Ver สนับสนุน Bitcoin Cash ซึ่งเขาเชื่อว่าเป็น Bitcoin ที่แท้จริง ที่สืบทอดวิสัยทัศน์ดั้งเดิมของ Satoshi Nakamoto ## **บทสรุป:** การต่อสู้แย่งชิง Bitcoin และการเกิดขึ้นของ Hard Forks ต่างๆ เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของวิวัฒนาการของ Cryptocurrency มุมมองที่แตกต่าง ความขัดแย้ง และการแข่งขัน ล้วนเป็นแรงผลักดันให้ Bitcoin และ Cryptocurrency อื่นๆ พัฒนาต่อไป สุดท้ายแล้ว.. เราคงไม่อาจตัดสินได้ว่าฝ่ายใดคิดถูกหรือฝ่ายใดผิด **"เสียงของตลาด** จะช่วยทำหน้าที่ให้คำตอบนั้นกับเรา ว่าแท้ที่จริงแล้วผู้คนกำลังต้องการอะไรกันแน่.. ลองมองไปที่มูลค่าของแต่ละแนวคิด มองไปที่ Network effect และกำลังการขุด มองไปที่การยอมรับและความเชื่อมั่นของผู้คน เหล่านี้ล้วนเป็นข้อบ่งชี้ที่เห็นได้ง่าย.. เพราะนั่นคือเสียงแห่งการเพรียกหาอิสรภาพ และอธิปไตยทางการเงินที่แท้จริง.. — Jakk Goodday

@ 1739d937:3e3136ef

This is the sixth in a series of weekly(ish) updates detailing progress on bringing MLS protocol DMs and group messaging to Nostr. ## Previous Updates - [June 28th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1719562889267) - [July 6th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1720256910765) - [July 12th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1720778880538) - [July 19th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1721419437737) - [August 16th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1723802138254) ## Progress this week Sorry about the very late update this week. Catching up on everything after a week in Riga for Nostriga and Baltic Honeybadger took a bunch of time, every other moment was spent coding. 👨‍💻 The response at Nostriga to NIP-104 and my two talks on the subject were overwhelmingly positive. It was very helpful to spend time with other devs going through the spec in detail. We found a few minor improvements and clarifications but no major issues surfaced. Thanks to nostr:npub1v0lxxxxutpvrelsksy8cdhgfux9l6a42hsj2qzquu2zk7vc9qnkszrqj49, nostr:npub1lunaq893u4hmtpvqxpk8hfmtkqmm7ggutdtnc4hyuux2skr4ttcqr827lj, and nostr:npub1ye5ptcxfyyxl5vjvdjar2ua3f0hynkjzpx552mu5snj3qmx5pzjscpknpr in particular for the lengthly interrogations and nostr:npub1wmr34t36fy03m8hvgl96zl3znndyzyaqhwmwdtshwmtkg03fetaqhjg240 for the introductions. Last week, I started work on a reference implementation of the spec. It's still early but going quickly. My PR adding support for secp256k1 was also merged into the hpke-rs library yesterday. That's one more step in the right direction towards having secp256k1 ciphersuite support. ### The NIP If you haven't already, check out my talk; [The Past and Future of DMs and Group messaging on Nostr](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWKd9aoZ-Cg). This was a basic overview of the various DM and group messaging schemes and talks a little about the progress on NIP-104. I _believe_ there is a recording of the technical talk on the spec but it hasn't yet been released. I'll link it up when it is. At this point I've been discouraging anyone from trying to implement the NIP quite yet. As I mentioned above there are a few adjustments that need to be made and a few open questions that I'm working on answering with my implementation (which I'm very happy to have contributors on). My plan at the moment is to do this first implementation with the default ciphersuite that MLS already supports while I continue to work on the dependencies to get secp256k1 support across the board. ### The Implementation I've started on a cross-platform native client that will run on Mac, Windows, Linux, iOS, and Android. Think of it as Signal or Telegram but over Nostr. I hope that this will not only become the reference implementation for other client developers but also will be one of the most secure and privacy focused clients in the Nostr ecosystem. Building it has already been helpful in clarifying some of the more complex implementation details in the NIP. It's still early but I'll have more to share on this in the coming weeks. ### HPKE-RS My [PR](https://github.com/franziskuskiefer/hpke-rs/pull/66) to add support for secp256k1 is merged! ## Onward and Upward Thanks again to everyone for the support and feedback on this stuff at Nostriga. It was hugely motivating to hear the kind words, have you introducing me to people that could help, and spending time giving me feedback! This community is the best. 🫂

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

请看2014年王兴的一场思维碰撞，视频27分钟开始 <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gS51roTeS5A?si=GNkekAHH1oj9W3-0&amp;start=1625" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> 最后，一个当时无法解决的点：丢失

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

Nyms, Personas, and Digital Identity #GHOSTn If you want #privacy then embrace compartmentlization and obscuration in your digital life. Get used to having multiple identities that you can switch between for various needs. Your legal "matrix" name that pays taxes and has no controversal opinions or associations. Don't try to obscure this person. They are a open book. Put your best foot forward. Show them what you want them to see. Your private online persona. You let your hair down, have hot takes on social media, purchase legal but potentially embarrassing items or just have hobbies and associations that you are not ashamed of but don't want to advertise for some reason. You use a VPN and no kyc sudo anonymous accounts. Have fun but don't go crazy, know that on a long enough timeline this persona will be linked back to you. The more connections and data that you put out there the easier this will be. Your anonymous nym that only uses #tor, VMs, hidden drives, and rarely used accounts. Plausible deniability is baked in. Used by dissidents, freedom fights, truth to power, and anyone in oppressive regimes. Finally you have your Nemo. This person does not exist. No name, no files and only uses #Tails or disposable systems that does not leave a trace. Not everyone would ever have a need for a Nemo but it is good to know how to just in case you ever do.

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

Encryption is the promethium fire that the cypherpunks secured from heaven for me and you. It is our sacred duty to use and advance that in the world. Encryption is so powerful that governments tried to keep it away from the people and to this day have tried to weaken and backdoor it at every turn. So what is encryption? It is a deep deep rabbit hole and involves a lot of numbers but in a nutshell it uses math to scramble up the data of your file so it is gibberish and can't be read without decrypting it back to regular data. Encryption technology has continued to advance over time and cracking technology to break the encryption has as well. For our purposes all you really need to remember is to use modern cyphers and your encryption is really only going to be as good as the password (use a passphrase) strength you are using to lock it down with. > BEGINNER LEVEL - Encrypt your phone and computer. People walk around with their whole lives on their phone. Protect it. -phone: Congratulations, if you already have a lock screen set on either your iPhone or Android device then device encryption is enabled. If your lock screen password is only 4 digits then we still have work to do. Four digits is only about 10,000 combinations and fairly easy to crack. I believe it only took them about 40 minutes to crack the iPhone of the attempted Trump shooter. Go into settings and set it up for 6 digits or for extra credit use a alphanumeric password. After your phone then your personal computer probably has the most important data to you. Banking records, tax documents, photos, etc. Encrypt your drive. -Windows: from Settings, select Privacy security -> Device encryption. Just follow the prompts. -Apple: from Apple icon, select System Preferences -> Security & Privacy icon. Click "Turn On FileVault". -Linux: most distros gives you the option during installation. If you didn't do so then search for how to enable it after the fact based on your distribution. Awesome sauce. You have achieved minimum status. > ADVANCED LEVEL - Encrypt individual files. You already encrypted your computer but guess what, once you start up your computer and log in the key is stored in RAM for as long as it stays on. The beginner level encryption protects your computer when it is off and it means no one can just steal your hard drive and access your files. This is good, but what if someone grabs you while you're sitting there working on it? What if you leave it in sleep mode and not turned off? Then that whole disk encryption is not really going to help you. What if you had individual files that you consider more secret than the others? That finance spreadsheet or that special pic your spouse sent you? That's where individual file encryption comes in. You are just scrolling nostr when they grab you, your computer is on, and unlocked, but those special files are still safely encrypted. I will share with you one of my favorite small programs: Picocrypt. Download the Paranoid pack and store it in multiple drives, email accounts, and cloud storage. That way you will always have a copy to decrypt any files that you stored away. Use it to encrypt any files that you feel need extra attention. It is also very useful for encrypting any files that you intend to store online in cloud storage. You do encrypt your files that are stored online don't you? Yes, even with the company that offers "encrypted" storage. Don't trust their encryption, use your own. > EXPERT LEVEL - Encrypt containers and hidden containers. What if you want to encrypt several files and keep them all together in like a folder or container? That's where Veracrypt comes in. Free, open source, cross platform, and powerful. Veracrypt allows you to create encrypted containers from any file that act like individual drives that can be mounted or unmounted as needed. You can name these files anything that you want, move them around or delete like any file, and make as many as you want. This allows you to have compartmentation of your files and drives. Next trick, Veracrypt allows you to create a hidden container inside that container. Enter one passphrase and you open the encrypted container. Enter a different passphrase and you open a different hidden container. This allows deniability. When they grab you and start pulling your fingernails off until you tell them the password to open the encrypted container, give it to them. They don't have to know that there is another hidden one under that. These features allow you to do all sorts of interesting things only limited by your need and imagination. What if you have a container named as some random config file in your /etc folder? What if you just encrypted a removable storage drive? What if you have multiple hard drives on your computer that have multiple containers and hidden containers? What if you have a hidden container that can only be accessed from booting up in a amnesiac OS like Tails leaving no trace that the files exist or trail that they were ever accessed? Go crazy, have fun. > NEMO - Failsafe Nemo has no files, encrypted or otherwise. If they did you couldn't prove it. Nemo does use something like Tails that retains no memory from boot to boot. Nemo also uses a failsafe. A simple lanyard attached to the flashdrive running the OS and the other end around their wrist while they work. When you try to separate them from the computer the flashdrive pulls out and everything is gone. > > Using these programs you can create a layered and compartmentlized approach to your encryption scheme. There are also plenty of other encryption programs to check out such as Cryptomator, AES Crypt, etc > Last point and most important: Encryption is only as good as the passphrase you use to lock it down. Use a shitty password and it doesn't matter how uncrackable your encryption is.

@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848

This is the first time we're releasing our episode transcripts on Nostr! Up until now, the transcripts have been available on our show website, but now we're going to add them here on Nostr, too! The transcripts aren't perfect - we've cleaned up obvious mistakes and repetitive chatter that nobody wants to read, but sometimes the transcript doesn't pick something up properly or doesn't understand somebody's name or a niche word. But hopefully the transcript is still useful, as is! **Check out Bitcoin: The Inverse of Clown World!** Out now at <https://bitcoininfinitystore.com/> # BIS124 - Peter Dunworth ## Welcoming Peter Dunworth Back **Luke:** Peter, welcome to the Bitcoin Infinity Show. **Knut:** It's a pleasure to be with you two. Likewise, how are you doing down in Australia? **Peter:** Life is beautiful down here. They've lifted the jail like restrictions, so we're free to move around. We can leave the country when we want to, which is nice, and I've got to say it's a cold time of year in the southern hemisphere. It's our winter time and it's been a wet and a cold one relative to what we normally have, but I'd like to say that life is beautiful. **Knut:** Good to hear. **Luke:** Can you quantify the cold? Because, we've got cold here. **Knut:** Yeah, we got proper cold. **Peter:** I'm talking about 13 degrees Celsius. **Knut:** yeah. **Luke:** Yeah, you might be warmer than me right now, in, the middle of July here in Finland, All good. **Peter:** move in, it's good. **Luke:** Hey, **Knut:** saw Dave Grohl on the Foo Fighters play in Bergen, Norway once, and the first thing he said was, this is summer to you? He couldn't believe it, that the people considered that weather to be summer. **Peter:** yeah, we need to work on that. **Knut:** Yeah. # Bitcoin and Incentive Structures **Knut:** What rabbit hole, what sub cavern of the rabbit hole are we exploring today? **Peter:** I was hoping you'd help me on this, but one thing that's been, running around my head, is thinking about why Bitcoin has the incentive structure that it does, and its ability, to unite, more of mankind than anything else. And there are a few things that sort of Running around my head in that we've got the tragedy of the commons, which is a major problem when there's a common good. No one looks after it. Yet, here we have Bitcoin, which is for 8 billion people. And it seems to be looked after pretty well by, all accounts. The other thing with that, and this is what I find really interesting about the incentive structures with Bitcoin, is that Bitcoin, for a lot of people, takes on a religious type quality. And where a lot of people become obsessed by and one of the things that's sort of been playing around in my head is why is that so? And I can't help but come back to the Maslow's needs hierarchy that it fulfills a whole host of those base layer needs. And once you've got those base layer needs felt, All looked after, then you can grow spiritually and mentally, to fulfill those other needs that are at a higher scale. And because so many people in the Bitcoin community are relying on that foundational principle of those base layers being built on Bitcoin, it really doesn't matter which side of the political aisle you come from or religious spectrum that you, you want to adopt. foundational base layer of being. You know, your money is basically Bitcoin, and that sorts out and lays the foundation for you to achieve greater things. Then, everything else is downstream of that. You know, Bitcoin fixes this again. **Knut:** Yeah, I think Maslov's, Ladder of Needs is now on a Bitcoin standard, it's Maslow's escalator. **Peter:** We talked about that last time. And this is where So, one of the conversations, listening back to our last conversation was, you know, you've got the easiest job in the world, I think you said, as a financial advisor or investment advisor, talking about Bitcoin. It's like, just buy Bitcoin and do nothing, and that ironically is the hard part though, the doing nothing. # Bitcoin Mining **Knut:** Yeah, some people have a hard time doing nothing, myself included. about the incentive structure, the only part of that, that I'm not fully, you know, the whole thesis of Bitcoin, when they're in your head, anyone, trying to steal them, if you simply just keep them in your head, they'll get nothing. So the incentive to attack someone goes down, right? The, peaceful revolution thing. However, for miners, still, or mining pool owners, let's say, or big mining farms still do have an incentive to attack one another. At least, if they grow large enough and you have structural, like, nation level big things. so, is there a problem there? And also with miner centralization and all of this, like, I'd love to hear your take on, these, spammy miners that, or the mining pools allowing for spam. so that the individual miners are merely hash salesmen and not really miners at all, since they don't know what block they're mining on. so is there a problem there and how big is that problem? Is it? **Peter:** Good question. Personally, I'd like to think that I'm a free market guy, so I'd like to see the market solve that problem. And I think in some way, shape, or form, we are seeing the market solve that. if we look at the cost of transacting around the halving. we were up over 1, 000 sat VBITE for those early blocks after block 840, 000. And now, we did some transactions this week that were sub 6 sat VBITE. So that is a 99 percent drop or 98 percent drop in fees. And that's all been sorted out by the market. We haven't had to coerce. Any of the minors, it's all been sorted out through natural market attrition. **Knut:** And this is where I think the spam problem, in a broader sense, it really gets solved by the market Yeah, that's the hopeful take. but if you go to mempool space and look at the latest block and how much of it is this data is quite a lot still. And all of that data is making the Initial cost of firing up a node more expensive for the node runner. and the downloading of the time chain. when you syn it now you go up to, 2022 and then it gets slow **Peter:** Yeah, really slow. And if anyone's out there watching mempool or like just pull it up and have a look, it's actually, it's mesmerizing to watch. And I sound like such a dork saying this, but I sincerely love watching. Cools, but like blocks being created and to conceptualize this without a mempool in front of us, what you're referring to there. Is what you see is these tiny little blocks, that typically have 0. 0001 of a bitcoin in it, but they take up an improportionate amount of the block space because there's so much data attached to it. And that's the spamming that you referred to. I think the Node Runners, the technology's getting better and the rest of it, and hey, you know, if you look at the nodes, the number of nodes that are on the network, they continually and steadily rise, so I think that's probably proportionate to an improvement in technology and, you know, maybe bandwidth is getting better, so that's going to be less of a problem, but the other question that you posed on the mining front, mining is the fiercest competition on earth. Open to anyone with electricity and miners to do it, or, you know, as you guys like to say, someone with a pen and pad who can add up quickly, that, to me, is the competition. I'm really fearful for a lot of Bitcoin miners because I think it's the most intense competition that we see. And if you look in the market, you have a host of the Bitcoin miners moving to AI. Why are they moving to AI? Because there's more predictable revenues and there's, Probably a more predictable future, and when it comes to the listed miners anyway, they want to see predictability in revenues, whereas when it comes to Bitcoin mining, it's a wild ride, and this is where I look at the cost structure, the OPEX and CAPEX structure of the Bitcoin mining network. It realistically will end up being a state owned enterprise, is what I think, like an infrastructure asset that every country will run for themselves, so that they're assured of getting their piece of the block or having their transactions loaded on the block. And this is where, from a free market perspective, I think governments around the world will start subsidizing that as a way to compete. And that competition gets fiercer. It doesn't get any easier. It gets much more intense, I think, when the nation states enter and they've got free energy. **Knut:** huh? Let's, let's think about that for a while because that's sort of allows for those, government miners to, To do all the ESG bullshit and accept payments, offline and all of the trash that the inscriptions and ordinance people are doing right now, like paying miners off band and, the mining pools not paying out the entire, fee to the miners, but keeping a lot for themselves and stuff like that. I think you get all these, external influences, when you have the state level mining. So, now in a high fee environment well, it's lower right now, but like rewind the clock six months, you have Bitcoin still functioning, but. Only every 100 block or something do you get your transaction through because it's all filled up with these, other transactions from players that have less of an incentive to have Bitcoin's longevity in the back of their minds. # Nation-State Game Theory **Knut:** Do you see a risk there with state owned mining? **Peter:** in the short term, yes. In the long term, no. Short term, those incentives can be corrupted, but long term, I think everyone will be incentivized to play by the rules and maximize the outcomes that they're looking to do, because at the end of the day, if the governments aren't going to make an investment in Bitcoin, that concern that you've got, is alleviated dramatically when you look at the fact that they could put Bitcoin on the balance sheet, because then they've got a counterweight to the investment that they're making in the mining network, in that they could just stop investing in the mining and actually buy the underlying and be far more profitable at it. So it's a counterweight to the concern that. It's going to be a runaway mess with a network full of spam because at the end of the day, I think the governments are going to have to maximize the outcomes that they want to do because there are going to be, rational players in the marketplace who, if the governments don't compete on a rational level, they're going to get outplayed and they're going to have less Bitcoin and they'll lose power. And I look at this and think, the obvious example that, you know, holds a light for Bitcoin at the moment is El Salvador and what Bukele's done with his Bitcoin mining and you look at his policy when it comes to, not only is he wanting to mine Bitcoin, but he's putting that on the balance sheet. So he needs to assess, is the mining going to be more beneficial or do we need to just buy more Bitcoin with it? Because there's a cost associated with both of those things. And from a government perspective, globally, I look at El Salvador and think, I would really like to see him in Australia, running Australia, and he seems like one of the most logical leaders that we've got globally, who understands the game theory of Bitcoin, and he's winning. And so, he doesn't really have any competition now, though, but when competition enters the market, then there's a decision to make. And then there's probably a constriction on his decisions as to, you know, what he has to maximize for. And then that's another decision making, and this is where the forcing function of good decision making is absolutely brutal in Bitcoin. And I dare say we've all suffered the fate of selling Bitcoin. And then looking at the cost of that and we still calculate how much the 5 bitcoin or 10 bitcoin we sold 10 years ago would be worth today. And the governments are no different. They just haven't been playing the game as long as we have. So everyone plays the game at some point in time and we'll learn those lessons.   **Knut:** Yeah. That's the game theory. how do El Salvador custody their Bitcoin? I can't remember. they do use a custodian, I believe. how will a government, take control of their keys? A government is just a group of people, right? those coins do not belong to the people of the country, they belong to an X amount of people. Keyholders and like, will they have multi sig solutions or will they just use a custodian? not your keys, not your coins, right? So some guy owns the Bitcoin and not the government of country X. And some guy can fuck off and go buy an island somewhere. I foresee a lot of chaos, when banks and governments and stuff try to, acquire Bitcoin, because they don't know how to do it properly. I mean, paper Bitcoin is paper Bitcoin, right? So that, so, how do you see that? **Peter:** I see it being chaotic, just like all of our experiences up until this date with our own experience with Bitcoin. And this is the problem with Bitcoin is that there is not only a proof of work required to prove and claim a block reward, but there is a proof of work required to be a responsible Bitcoiner and be capable of looking after your own Bitcoin And this is where, The institutions coming to Bitcoin, are going to have to learn very quickly or leverage off the experience of others in this space, and if they don't, they're going to learn, a very costly lesson that the kind of fuck around and find out is going to happen at a nation state level, it's going to happen at a corporate level, it will happen at a bank level, there are going to be these failures, and this is where, as Bitcoiners who have been in this space for a long time, I think we have a responsibility to talk about this because We've seen it all before and sadly our little goldfish memories that we're all operating on, you know, we don't really have a memory past four years, we kind of forget things. We laugh at goldfish having a five second memory, but, humans are operating with about a four year memory for pain, so, yeah, ironically four years is the same time it takes to, go through a full Bitcoin epoch, and the same mistakes are going to get basically rehashed over and over again, but probably on a much bigger scale because you've got much Bigger entrance to the market. So I hope that's not the case, but I just don't see how people are going to learn at those different levels unless these mistakes are made. **Knut:** No, I totally agree. It's going to be fun to see it play out. I might disagree with we having a responsibility to make governments, to help governments hold Bitcoin. I'm kind of looking forward to seeing governments finding out after fucking up. **Peter:** Oh no, I've got no responsibility to the government. I've got none whatsoever, but if anyone asks for my help, a fellow bitcoiner asks for my help, I feel a responsibility, a sense of duty, that if they've gotten this far and they've found me and say, hey, I want help, it's like, great, we definitely want to help. # Incentives and Investing **Peter:** there's another incentive structure at play here that is very beautiful. And that's like all the people potentially involved in making this decision that my government, our government or our corporation is going to adopt Bitcoin. They do all have an incentive to front run that, you know, and acquire Bitcoin as individuals themselves first. **Knut:** And probably more of it than what they are buying for the institution. so even if a president of country X decides that I'm gonna use this tax money to buy Bitcoin, to put Bitcoin on the balance sheet, he has probably Acquired some himself first and told all his friends and family first. and I think that's, that's just beautiful because like you can't get around that everyone's an individual and that Bitcoin's for enemies and all that. **Peter:** like that idea and one of my favorite sites is the Nancy Pelosi Tracker. And to digress for a minute, which is exactly that point, we've had clients invested in NVIDIA for a long time, to the point where they're sitting on a 4, 000 percent return. And NVIDIA terrifies me. So, although we've been very lucky or fortunate to, I've put client money to work in NVIDIA and seen outrageous returns, which is about the only thing that has outperformed Bitcoin in that period, but it has. I've been terrified that on a balance of probabilities, the chart looks outrageous and it kind of needs to come off. And I was talking to clients in the last two weeks and said, look, we need to take some money off the table here. they agreed, we all agreed, and then last week, or it might have been earlier this week, the Nancy Pelosi tracker said that Nancy has bought a lot of NVIDIA. And it's totally changed my thinking on NVIDIA. Now I'm like, Oh, dammit, what, what does she know? so I'm sitting here having conversations with clients over millions of dollars of decisions to be made about this one single stock and we've all agreed to get rid of it. And they said, is there any reason we wouldn't do this? And I'm like, well, there is one and she's proven to be the best fund manager on earth and her trades very rarely lose and she outperforms the market by, you know, she beats every hedge fund by a mile. maybe we should tone down the decision not to sell all of it. We'll just sell half of it. So, you know, I make light of it, but it was a serious conversation and consideration to the point that, you know, if we have the ability to see what, these decision makers are doing, and they will be doing it at scale with much larger sums that they're in charge of, boy oh boy, that's the game theory that they're going to help their friends and family and say, yeah, we're putting into work, You know, a trillion dollars tomorrow, you might want to buy some.   **Knut:** we have a German friend that, told me about his, career as an investor in various stocks. He was day trading for like 15 years. Every day, just looking at the charts and trying to play them as best as he could. And then, he calculated how much money he had made being honest to himself, like 15 years down the line and made a giant spreadsheet and included all the taxes and all the banking fees and whatnot. And he figured out that he made a hundred euros. **Peter:** Damn! **Knut:** so then he thought, why is that? Why is it damn near zero? And, yeah, his thesis is that You need, either you need, to know a regulator, like if you do this over a long time, it's just like, if you take the risks and the probability that it will play out that way is extremely high because the only thing that can, you basically need insider information to be able to win, over this casino that we call the markets over the long run, right? So you need either to, be an insider in the actual company that you're buying stocks from, or you need to be a regulator, or you need to be insanely lucky, and that's unfortunately how the game is rigged when we're, especially when we have a money printer, skewing all of this and creating all of this artificial monopolies and whatnot, the regulators having too much power. **Peter:** I agree with that, and particularly, if your friend was day trading, that's an impossibility. You're never beating the market in that, because you're dealing with flash trades, you're dealing with market insiders, and there's no edge in that time frame. **Knut:** no, but this was, quite a while ago. So I think that during maybe the last couple of years there, the algorithms started taking over and out competing the individual day traders. **Peter:** this is what I love about Bitcoin and one of my all time favorite books was a book on Jesse Livermore's life called Reminiscences of a Stock Operator and it was written over a hundred years ago. If you haven't read it and you're curious about the stock market, it's a fabulous book and it talks about the world's best short seller and the two pieces of information I gleaned out of that was outside of being it's extremely difficult to be successful at it, he said that the money wasn't in the buying or the selling, the money was made in the sitting. And I can't think of a more perfect analogy to what, you know, the money is made in the sitting when it comes to Bitcoin. It's not made in the trading, it's made in the sitting there for eight years and, you know, taking your punishment and dealing with the cortisol. Ups and downs of, you know, the most volatile asset ever invented and then waking up eight years later where it's gone 100x. That's where the money's made. And the other thing that came out of this book where I just kind of put the book down and thought, well, that ends all hopes and aspirations of being a trader and making a fortune out of it. So, Note to self, like, if the best can't make money out of it, like, **Knut:** well, that was Warren Buffett's key to success, right? Not selling for a couple of decades. **Peter:** he didn't. **Knut:** and no, that's fascinating, where was I? I had a thought here. # Stay Humble and Stack Sats **Luke:** I think this is an interesting one about the sort of stay humble and stack sats thing. I saw a critique today on on Twitter about the stay humble stack sats thing. **Knut:** That's it. **Luke:** The critique was basically that you need to sell your Bitcoin to do stuff with it at some point. Yeah, obviously. The point of stay humble, stack sats is not stay humble, stack sats, and never touch the sats ever. it's don't trade. that's basically what stay humble, stack sats is. It's don't trade, don't shitcoin, don't try and beat the market, but when you plan to save some money for the future, whether that's six months or eternity, just stay humble and stack sats. That's it. **Knut:** this is the same tweet I saw, and my reaction to it is exactly that, like, yeah, sure. Use your Bitcoin to create the life you want to lead, like, but the way to do that is to stay humble and sack sass for like 10 years and then do it. You don't do it right away. first you let the purchasing power go up and then you can use a minuscule amount of your net worth to live your dream life. and I think that's the way the best way to go about it. **Peter:** I couldn't agree more, and this is where Bitcoin, I think, offers the opportunity to do this better than any other asset I've seen, and I had this analogy the other day that Bitcoin is Analogous to, or creating wealth is analogous to being shot out of a cannon, and Bitcoin is the biggest cannon that you can find that will shoot you the furthest. And if you think about it, they've hodled Bitcoin for eight years. And now they're sitting on a ton of Bitcoin that they want to make lifestyle investment decisions with and they've elevated themselves to a new level of economic reality that they never would have been able to achieve without Bitcoin. And I think it's analogous to being shot out of a cannon and all of a sudden you go from being at sea level to a thousand feet in the air. And you're looking down thinking, oh my goodness, it's a long way down. I want to take some chips off the table to buy a house or pay off debt or make sure that, you know, I can basically not hurt myself when I fall. And this is where you, you know, if you want to go up, you want to concentrate your decision into the best asset that you can find. Personally, I think that's Bitcoin. But when you've reached a level that you don't want to fall from, then taking chips off the table to pay a home or, or do some of the lifestyle things that you talk about is akin to literally deploying a parachute when you've reached where you want to get to, to make sure that you can come down and land safely if something catastrophic were to happen. And this is where, for me, Bitcoin represents the opportunity to move up as, Maslow's Needs Hierarchy in the fastest way possible, and there's a common misconception here in the investment community that most investment advisors want to talk to you about a diversified portfolio, and I'm sitting there thinking, oh, why? If you want to ascend that wealth Ladder. The fastest way to do it is to find the best asset and put as much as you can stomach into it. Once you've gotten to the level that you want to, then you think about diversifying because no one has made money diversifying. Well, not no one has made money diversifying. A lot of people have gotten very comfortable diversifying and for the broader population that is the best thing to do from a long term basis. The extreme wealth is through concentrated bets. I look at all the wealthiest people on earth. They've all done it through their own endeavor. Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, they're concentrated bets. **Knut:** Yeah, and the diversification is sort of a, it's for security, once you're there. So it's not the path, it's what you do when you reach the destination, sort of. **Peter:** Yep. And this is the thing with, say, Warren Buffett. Everyone always references Warren Buffett diversification. That's not what he does. He put, he took concentrated bets in the best companies he could find and he put all his money in there. And then sadly, he got so good at doing that, that when he put money to work in a company, it changed the market. And it totally redefined the dynamics of the investment decision that he was making. So now, all of a sudden, he becomes the market, and the only thing that he can do is invest in Apple. And ironically, in the 60 years investing career that he's had, 50 percent or more of his returns have come in the last six or seven years from investing in Apple. That's outrageous.     # Stock Market Speculation **Knut:** so how much of the problems with the stock market in general in the world, and these inflated, stocks that are worth way too much, probably because everyone's speculating on the same assets and so on. How much of that, to do with broken money? how much does broken money gets The blame for that and why **Peter:** I think the large majority of it is. In the Bitcoin community, it's well, well understood. It's a very clearly defined problem that there is an easy solution for, but in the broader, the broader consensus is very slow to understand that. And this is where the increased liquidity over the last 50 years, the moving off the gold standard, and then the ability to print ad infinitum is, is a huge concern because it dilutes everyone. And if we take it down to our most basic of needs. Let's just say we were all at a pub together, and it was, you know, we were having beers, having a drink, and the publican, when he was pouring beers, decided to top our beer up with 40 percent water and dilute our drink. We would be rioting in the streets. We would be so filthy that someone would try and rip us off of our hard earned money **Knut:** the analogy is flawed **Peter:** But with money, you don't feel better the day after. **Knut:** No, no, it's **Peter:** don't even know you're getting robbed. That's the problem. So, I look at this and think, if it was a broadly understood problem, then Bitcoin would, it wouldn't be at the levels that it is now. We would be, fighting for a Satoshi. That's the kind of level that Bitcoin would go to and I look at all of the functions of store of value at the moment are, properties, shares, the rest of it. There's no ability to save money anymore because there's a negative real return. # Medium of Exchange vs Store of Value vs Unit of Account **Knut:** We go into this in the book, like, what Bitcoiners understand, I think is that, gold was good at storing value and fiat is good as a medium of exchange. But Bitcoin does both better, but I think it goes even deeper than that because I think the very term store of value is very misguided. in research for the book, I looked up the Misesian definition of money and it's just the most common medium of exchange in society. And he pushes the medium of exchange narrative sort of, it's sort of implied that it needs to store value, but it still sees money. As a medium of exchange. So I was thinking about that and I realized that the term medium of exchange is enough. It's just medium of exchange over time and medium of exchange over space because it's not really a store of values and values subjective, but it is a medium of exchange over time. What you're doing when you're saving is that you're trading with your future self. So you're just using money, and you are making an exchange because that money, if it's proper money that holds its value, then it does provide you with some financial security during that time period. it's never idle, it always, Serves a function to you, the holder of the money. But I think this is, this also ties into this whole, you know, that tweet we talked about just five minutes ago with, how to, you should stay humble and stack sats is wrong. Well, it's not because. It's all a medium of exchange. It's just that you have to account for all four dimensions and you can't have the spatial dimensions without having the temporal dimension sorted first.   **Peter:** he would love it. You're speaking to the wrong Dudworth. On that, it's funny, the money with the sort of the three functions of money, and this is where I think there is a distortion to that. The three functions kind of does distort what this is, and the study that I've looked at and done on this, I look at, and maybe this is a, quite a conservative way to look at this. I think Bitcoin as a store of value and a unit of account, excluding the medium exchange, is, to me, the killer use case. And if I break it down from a market cap perspective, and total market share of store of value medium exchange unit of account. And when it comes to functions of money, the store of value has maybe a, maybe a 15 trillion market cap with gold, give or take. Now, the definition I'm using for store of value is gold. Medium exchange might be a 100 trillion market. And unit of account, to me, some people will say it's, you know, 800 trillion, but I think it's more like 2, 000 trillion. And I look at this and I think, if you capture the store of value and the unit of account markets, then by default you get the mean of exchange. And this is where you come in and talk about spatial and temporal. If you capture over time, store a value and unit of account, by definition, everyone will end up using Bitcoin as the medium exchange. So it's a fait accompli that we will get medium exchange if you have those two corner posts. And from an immediate perspective, and this bringing it down to the personal level, because I think all decisions resonate from the personal up, not from a top down decision. if you. Capture the store value market and the unit of account market. You've effectively captured 95 percent of the value accretion in the marketplace for money. And then that little bit in the middle, 100 trillion dollars, the 5 percent that's remaining is your medium of exchange. But this is where it gets very complicated when you look at the temporal and spatial effects on that interaction. **Knut:** How is unit of account a market though? How can it be like, because you're measuring from. The very thing you're trying to measure the value of, **Peter:** A circumstantial, **Knut:** Is that the market for the US dollar or because that's the most common unit of account? **Peter:** Well, yes, but I think it's everything. I think it's every, all value that needs to be captured, and I look at this on, a personal level, how I think about it, and this is a conversation that we had last time, was, we play the simplest game on earth, stack sats, all we have to do is have one more sat than this time last **Knut:** Yeah, yeah. let me guess how you think about this and the market for unit of account, everything divided by something, right? **Peter:** Ah, let me think, yeah, exactly. That's exactly what it is. this is where, to me, things get really interesting, because everything divided by 21 million, people think, if say there's, let's just agree that there's a thousand trillion dollars of value in the world that needs to be accounted for. We divide it by 21 million and we Get that. But what I think a lot of people miss in valuing Bitcoin, I personally think that it can be a lot more than a trillion dollars divided by 21 million because you need to value the future value of that Bitcoin. And this is where your point is outstanding in that it's not just everything now, it's everything in the future that will be. And if you look at that, there's a time preference and a monetary premium given to that future value. Now, when you have all of your base layers on that Maslow's Needs Hierarchy covered, you can think further into the future. It allows you to have a lot less and spend a lot less of your proportionate stack. And this is where that escalator, I think, is such a novel term in that Bitcoin can account for hundreds of quadrillions of dollars. **Knut:** the problem there is like now we're into scaling territory, but I have my most misinterpreted article ever was one about the scaling and how the real scaling solution is just that we will use money less and, I think most people misinterpreted that and saying that it was a bit too much on the Kumbaya side of things, but I think that's why we don't see retail adoption and stuff, galore everywhere because most people Don't want to spend their Bitcoin. And like most people want to do the stay humble stack sets and then maybe spend a little on top 10 years down the line. but there is a problem there because like, transaction fees will inevitably go up and it will highly, it's highly unlikely that it will ever be worth the time or the effort or the money to, to buy a cup of coffee on chain anymore. there is something to the scaling thing, but my thesis from that article was that when you have that, everything else becomes money first, you have some sort of Gresham's law thing going on, including your reputational capital, if you have 10 wealthy people, that go and eat together every night, then there's probably 10 transactions being made because someone picks up the bill every night, right? So there's 10 transactions. If you have 10 very poor people eating every night, then they probably sit at home and buy their own noodles. So there's a hundred transactions going on, like over 10 days. for the poor, there's probably a need for more transactions with functioning money, that's what the, MMT people, view as a successful economy when people spend, spend, spend, spend, spend. But I think that this, perfectly sound money and this absolutely finite supply makes it so that You will be really, really careful with what you use that for. And you will use it a few times and those times will be far apart. And that's a feature, not a bug, like, for instance, I view this as a trade we're in, we're in a trade right now, we're trading information with one another, and if you come over to Europe or if I come to Australia, then we'll probably buy each other dinners and stuff, you know, and that is, Because we know deep inside this thing about Bitcoin is being incentivized to help one another that there's no real need for greed or needs to, spend your stack when you can just spend your reputation and get a reputational gain by spending something else like your fiat or whatever. So there is a scenario where barter and stuff like this becomes More common, I think. It's kind of hard to articulate this thought, but I see the need for many transactions going down on a Bitcoin standard and not up. # Timelocking **Peter:** I agree with you. And this is where, I've had a conversation with my brother on this. And you know how he time locked the Bitcoin into the future? **Knut:** Yeah. Based. **Peter:** I think that's a wild idea and I'll talk more about that because it's resurfacing on a geopolitical level too. He talks about the fact that because he's given a contribution to humanity into the future, and that, will be worth an absolute, unseemly amount of money. He talks about the reputational capital that goes with having made that contribution into the future. It's like, oh my goodness, there's Michael Dunworth, who basically put a whole bitcoin into the future to solve a mining problem or whatever he perceived to be a problem, but he made a contribution to the network. We should either elevate his opinion or be grateful that he's contributed to humanity on some way, shape or form. And bitcoin's the most objective way to do that. And this is where, what's interesting with that whole time locking concept, it's starting to get a second run with, Trump talking about having a Bitcoin strategic reserve asset for the U. S. And I think, someone's floated the notion that they should buy a trillion dollars worth of Bitcoin, time lock it into the future, and that is a way of solving the U. S. national debt problem. And I look at this and think, well, that's really interesting because that's one way to ensure that they can't spend it. So, it's time locked for 30 years and who knows, maybe there's a chance that they can actually get out of the debt problem that they've got by actually buying Bitcoin and time locking it. It also sends a really clear message to the rest of the world that, hey, we're serious about Bitcoin and this is where, to one of the points you raised earlier, I think, in thinking about Bitcoin as a store of value we just don't have the ability to pay off the debts that we've got right now. And the only way I see us being able to get out of this hole, is to recapitalize the markets. And so how do you recapitalize the markets? At this point in time, you either have to pump money into different asset classes. If you pump money into commodities, that's going to be highly inflationary for every other sector because it's a base, base cost in the economy. If you pump money into the property sector, firstly you've got to pump a lot of money into the property sector and secondly it affects cost of housing, cost of living. So that's another area that you don't really want to pump money into. Then you've got the speculative degen stock market, which ironically is moving closer and closer to meme coin DGN trading than it is to a, you know, a responsible profession of investing. And if you pump money into the stock market, then you're going to incentivize all these DGNs to trade harder. I look at this across the board and think the only realistic outcome of pumping money into to recapitalize the market is to pump money into Bitcoin and have Bitcoin recapitalize the entire sector, because putting 1 into the Bitcoin market will give you a 10 or a 50 or a 100x return on that by way of market cap, whereas if you put 1 into the property market it might go up by Half a half, a half a percent. It's not a big return, but you get a hundred thousand or you get a 10000% return by putting a dollar into Bitcoin, you get maybe a 50% return by putting a dollar into the stock market. And I look at this and think a lot of people looking at this problem and thinking that we've got a debt problem. And yes, we do have a debt problem, but the other side of the coin of a debt problem is that we, we've got a collateral problem. So how do you solve that? You either fix one of the two things. You either fix the debt or you fix the collateral. And it's far easier to fix the collateral side of things with a globally ubiquitous asset in Bitcoin than it is to fix the debt. So I look at this as a way of sort of getting balance back into the broader economics of what we're dealing with. # Bitcoin vs Fiat **Knut:** Yeah. And it's so fascinating because all money, not only Bitcoin, The reason we value it, I mean, we still vote for the value of fiat currencies by choosing to buy or not buy different sorts of stuff, right? and goods and services. so it's all just, In the back of our heads, like it's all in our heads, all of it, all the trillions of dollars in debt that the world is in. At the end of the day, it's just like some sort of intersubjective valuation mechanism going on. And the fiat isn't working because it's the rules are broken, but Bitcoin is just rules that are working. And we're just facing out of this old flawed mental state into a mental state that actually works and that it's all happening in our heads. That's the most mind blowing part. I mean, yeah, I know how money is not a collective illusion and there's a Harari narrative and that's, it has to be attached to something, it's all in our heads and like, this is what I push all the time in terms of narratives is that, Bitcoin is you, like there's no difference and the ASIC is just a fancy abacus to help us calculate, to verify what's going on. so the energy expenditure is just like a side effect, but it's a side effect that makes this. A competition of minds possible, but still at the end of the day, all of the information, it's in our head. you can't get around that. And that's what I find so insanely mind blowing. **Peter:** I think it's a paradigm shift because for the first time in history we've got, we're not playing a zero sum game. this is back to that incentives conversation earlier, because it's the first thing that is not a zero sum game. This is the first game we can play where we have a collective benefit. **Knut:** That's a tweet. Bitcoin is an everything divided by 21 million some game. **Peter:** It's true though, like, it's the first time that, you know, we can all benefit. And this is where, you know, finance up until this point in time has been, you know, you either win or you lose. Someone's either winning or losing and you're on the wrong side of it and for the first time maybe this comes back to that incentives that we talked about at the start that to me the fact that we're not playing a zero sum game is How we can all align and get behind this thing. **Luke:** Of course, Knut is actually tweeting during a **Peter:** Yeah, nice. **Luke:** Yes, save me here, Luke, We've all agreed to that. Very this is awesome. I mean, Yeah. I love the optimism whenever we talk to you or whenever you go on other pods, it's always like, you are in competition for the most bullish person in the entire space. Basically, you and Luke Broyles together is, like trying to one up each other a little bit. Mch also does the same thing. There's something about the loop. Exactly. I've got you, Knut. Yeah, but I think we're a little more understated than those other guys. But anyway, not in a, not like that's a negative. It's just, you know, we're the philosophizers. Those guys are the, hype men. I think something like that. but yeah, **Knut:** equals 1BTC. **Luke:** exactly. **Peter:** So true. # Peter's Short-Term Outlook **Luke:** But, yeah, Peter, what's your thinking on, the short term here, because, the having happened and everything, kind of maybe was a little disappointing from the perspective of anyone who wanted to see everything go to the moon right away, are you at all worried or just waiting for the rip? what's going on? **Peter:** I'll probably say something which is probably not going to be so popular, but it's just where we're at at this point in time, given current market dynamics, but it would not surprise me to see this sideways action continue for the next three months. And I know that's not what people want. It's definitely not what I want. But I think about this, that a lot of. The previous cycles had, sort of three months after the halving was the bottom in, in past cycles. And that was typically caused because there was a lot of minor cell pressure, maybe people got overexcited, got, you know, ahead of themselves. And then there was that sort of realization that, oh, there's a lot more heavy lifting that needs to be done in order to get to where we need to go to. And if you buy into that minor capitulation theory, we could be waiting a lot longer for that to happen. And that's a lot more than what we've seen in the past, because if you remember back in February, basically since the beginning of the year, we had huge fees. March was a bumper month. You couldn't get a transaction on there because we had, you know, the network was just out of control from a fee perspective. And then it died down a little bit, then came into the halving, and then first, call it week after the halving, fees went down. Absolutely mental. Like, that first block mine, block 840, 000, I think, was the first block in the epoch. Like, there was 39 million in fees in that one single block, which was just outrageous. And I think about this, and I think the other thing that adds to this is that All of these miners have benefited from these additional fees prior to the halving, and we've also got all time highs before the halving. That never happened before as well. So these businesses are very well capitalized, and so they haven't had to puke up all their Bitcoin yet. So I look at this and think, oh, we could be extended here for another three months, and it wouldn't surprise me. Having said that, I'd love Trump to come out and just say, yeah, we're buying a trillion dollars of Bitcoin and we just send it to a million dollars overnight would be, you know, my preferred outcome. But do I think that happens? No. I'd prefer to prepare for the worst, hope for the best and be pleasantly surprised in between.   # Pro vs Anti-Bitcoin Politicians **Knut:** What would you prefer? A pro Bitcoin president or an anti Bitcoin president? **Peter:** Oh, great question. **Knut:** Because it's not an easy one, you know, because you want people to be proper Bitcoiners, run their nodes and, not because they have permission to do so, like it needs to be black market money, because that's what permissionless means, like, it needs to be uncensorable, it needs to be all of these things, otherwise the value proposition is gone. Like, it needs to be non controlled, not controlled by humans in any way, shape, or form. So this is, yeah, I struggle with this. It is game theory playing out, and Trump is starting to talk about it. It's exciting, of course, it means something,   **Peter:** here's a question to you on that note. What would you think of Xi adopting it? **Knut:** of who? **Peter:** President Xi from China. **Knut:** Ah, GEOP, yeah. **Peter:** about Trump adopting it. Okay, great for the US to adopt it, but like, think about, our enemy's money or whatever. Like, or Putin comes out tomorrow and says, hey, I'm doing Bitcoin. **Knut:** Well I think the chaos theory, we discussed before still plays out these people are going to fuck this up so bad and it's going to end up with some guy and I root for some guy, you know, but the thing is, it doesn't matter because like once they have the Bitcoin and once they have Bitcoin on the balance sheet or whatever you may call it, Then the only way for them to leverage that in any way, shape, or form is to spend the Bitcoin. You can't, you can't do anything else with it. And that's, that's the beautiful part. So, so in the end, it benefits individuals and that's great. And even if they hoard. all that happens if they hoard it and keep, and you know, put it away in a vault somewhere, however you may do that, is, is number go up. That's the, that's the outcome of that. So, no, I, I, I don't have a problem with, you know, buying Bitcoin. Not at all. **Peter:** I don't have a problem with it either. And in a twisted way, I think it would incentivize that other nations adopt it quicker, just in case it was the thing that was going to catch on. But to another point on that is, I think Bitcoin requires a learning process for every Bitcoiner to go through. And so, back to what we discussed earlier, it's almost like a hero's journey that every Bitcoiner has to go through. So everyone will go through their own learning, and to me, if it's someone I like, someone I don't like, hey, who cares? Everyone's going to have to go through this at some point in time, so if you know it's an inevitability, and this is probably one thing that gets overlooked, I think, Bitcoin, is an inevitability. But if you know it's an inevitability, then you should probably get on the train sooner rather than later. **Knut:** Yeah, absolutely. but at the end of the day, if you take the thought vector and you follow it to its inevitable end, the whole notion of a nation state is sort of gone. You know, all aggression is gone in the end, because a nation state is basically just a monopoly of violence in a geographical area. and you may think that's a good or a bad thing. You may think that if there wasn't a government, something worse would, but still, that's what it is. But if you can keep 99 percent of your wealth in your head, then you cannot extract that wealth, if you're an attacker, the best way to extract that wealth from someone else is to trade with them and exchange something of value back to them and not to threaten to kill them. Because if you kill them, the Bitcoin is gone. so like, this is the peaceful revolution, train of thought here. But at the end of the day, Bitcoin obsoletes the nation state. That's, it, it just does, there's no way around that. **Peter:** So we turned into 8 billion nations. **Knut:** Self sovereign, the sovereign individual, literally. I'm looking forward to it and I'm looking forward to trading with other nations, you know, trading, a couple of pints with another self sovereign nation next to me. # Number Salad **Peter:** I've got to say, I look forward to that day. In light of everything that's gone on here and what's, what's gone on throughout the world in the last few years, that degradation of trust, has been enormous. And this is one of the fundamental premises of why I'm so enamored with Bitcoin is that I think it has the ability for us to, to build that trust back within society that has been utterly lost. And I look at, say, if I just confine that lack of trust to the financial sphere where I spend most of my time. We've had the Central Bank, the Federal Reserve, the most esteemed prestigious institution on earth when it comes to finance. You've had insider trading allegations. You had the JPOW say that he didn't think that inflation was, Here to stay, it was transitory. And then he said, oh hang on, we've got a problem. And then he jacked rates from 0 percent to 5%. These banks in the US that had treasuries on their balance sheet, who just bought US treasuries, which are classified by the accounting standards as risk free, ended up blowing up the banks. All of those Silicon Valley banks that blew up last year were a direct result of holding the risk free treasuries. And then we're getting, gas lit into telling us that the economy is fantastic, GDP is good. They redefined the term recession to say that, oh no, recession isn't two negative GDP quarters. It's actually two negative GDP quarters and higher unemployment. And I'm like, in my nearly 50 years on earth, it's never been defined with the unemployment vector to it. It's always been, you know, GDP. Is it up or down? It's down for two quarters. So I'm just like, and then the revision of the unemployment numbers. Always after the fact, six months after the fact, they tell us, oh yeah, they're a lot worse than what they thought they were. Like, it's just, they're telling you a story and there's no objective way to tell, like, To figure out what they're doing. **Knut:** And the word, the word unemployment itself, let's start by GDP is a, a bullshit metric to begin with because what does it measure? You include like, sales of medicine to the population in GDP. what is that? That's not a sinus of success. the metrics are all wrong. even the notion of unemployment. It's fictitious, like the government came up with the word unemployment because on a totally free market without interventionism, there is no such thing as unemployment. It is not a condition, it's just someone choosing not to work, and there will always be someone willing to pay something for someone to work. It's just when you introduce these social security schemes and stuff, that unemployment is a thing. in a functioning market, it can't be. So, it's all false. **Peter:** Well, they put those sort of false dichotomies in place and, they sort of try and underpin the value of labor by putting in the minimum wages. And it's like, look, if someone's not worth 15, you shouldn't have to pay them 15. They should be willing to work for whatever you're prepared to pay them so that they can learn the skill to get on the ladder of being employable and up to that 15 mark. And then when they get to 15, move to 20, 30, 50, whatever. **Knut:** Yeah, and minimum wage is so easy to debunk, and you can even, like, I hate using empiricism in economics, but where the hell do you think the touchscreens at McDonald's come from? They come from minimum wage laws, because they can't afford staff to do that stuff for you. it's because of the minimum wage law, not because the robot is so great. It's just that it's cheaper. **Peter:** So, I mean, these are all the challenges that we face and I look at, you know, the one bright spot in the finance world that I look at is Bitcoin, but it's completely misunderstood by the broader, you know, broader community of finance acolytes and this is where the opportunity for the pleb to stack sats comes in because while it's misunderstood and we do our best to explain it, therein lies the opportunity. **Knut:** Exactly. They're just not aware of what we're transitioning into. **Peter:** Touche. # The Bitcoin Adviser   **Luke:** point here. Haha. Anyway, so hey, it's been a while since we last caught up. It was actually a while since we caught up generally, but since we've had you on the pod, and there's been a lot going on, we've had a couple of other people in the Bitcoin advisor sphere. And as everyone knows, we are Bitcoin advisors ourselves, If someone wanted to be advised by us, we would absolutely do it, but we've been, finishing our book and everything, but, we're ready and raring to go, from the horse's mouth itself, can we get the TLDR and everything you've been up to in the last year and, the Bitcoin advisor and everything, because you can explain it so much better than we can, I think. **Peter:** You know what, it's been an absolute blast. Boy, what's happened in the last 12 months, and I've got to say, I'm absolutely delighted you two are on the team. We literally have a team of rock stars. I think the best Bitcoin team in the world. And, you know, we've got a mission to get every Bitcoin off exchange, which I think is a very noble mission. the team's grown dramatically. You know, we started off, Andy and I, Circa 18 months ago and that's now a team of 40 globally and we basically get to help Bitcoiners all over the globe get their Bitcoin off exchange and I've got to say it is such a fun feeling watching the coins. Get ripped off the exchange into self custody. And for me, that I think is the highest purpose I can serve the Bitcoin community. And I'm thrilled that we've got, you know, nearly 40 advisors now globally who share that mission to help anyone who wants help getting coins off exchange where we're there to help. And, you know, we provide a stack of free resources. There's a whole host of IP, we share literally our entire IP catalogue, how you want to do it, how we do it, it's there for anyone to take and, you know, one thing that I've got to say I'm so happy to see is that there's a whole host of other services popping up that are adjacent to what we do or similar to what we do, I think, the Bitcoin Way and Tony and, you know, you've had him on and what a fabulous story that is. great service, Bitcoin Mentor with BTC Sessions. These services are really invaluable and I look at this and think, Some people look at this as competition, and I think, no, we're all on the same team, we're all trying to achieve the same outcome, it's just a different way of doing it, so, for me, I'm thrilled that I get to work in Bitcoin, I'm thrilled that I get to work with the best Bitcoiners in the world, and something that's, you know, an absolute privilege. Pleasure and a delight, and it really is a treasure for me, is that I get to talk about Bitcoin, all day. So, the novelty of working with your passion hasn't worn off yet. It's still a pleasure and an honor to be able to talk about Bitcoin all day, because I know there's a whole host of Bitcoiners out there who are living, basically, separate lives. they're living the day to day mundane going to work and doing what they do and then, you know, at any spare moment, they're sitting there listening to podcasts like this and trying to learn about Bitcoin and, want to go down that rabbit hole and get a really deep understanding this is where, I think, one of the things that's been really fun for me to watch as well is the advisors who come on the team and being able to grow with them as well Hearing their stories and success around talking to clients it's a lot of fun having an impact on someone's life and Relieving a real world problem for them that we've been able to solve It's a really satisfying level on a, like, a really heartwarming level, regardless of what financial outcomes are achieved, it's still a wonderful feeling to help another human being solve a big problem for them. So, for me, I think a lot of the teams starting to experience, The joy of being able to solve Bitcoiners problems and this is the fun part that I think as, as the price grows, the need for these type of services is going to continue to grow because the sudden realization of someone being responsible for millions or tens of millions of dollars of Bitcoin without any redundancies or fail safes in place, it's a very rare breed where people can deal with that, so I think the more services we have in this space, the better. This is where I'm thrilled that, you boys are on the team and gonna get to experience all of this in the very near future. **Knut:** No, I know the feeling. I still pinch myself that I'm able to do this. any Bitcoin stuff really. it's just the journey is also real. **Peter:** Yeah, I've gotta say it's fun and, you know, I think back to some of those early conversations, Knut, that you had with our clients probably a couple of years ago now. And I think, you know, in the early days of you transitioning to full time Bitcoin. To me, any Bitcoiner being able to do Bitcoin full time is Pretty much the end goal. And this is where say, from a, from a, interestingly, from an advice perspective and a business perspective, it's far easier for me to take a bitcoiner and turn them into an advisor than it is to take an advisor and turn them into a bitcoiner. **Knut:** Yeah, I mean, transitioning into a full time Bitcoiner, I'm thinking tender reveal, like you're changing your tender, right? That's, switch tenders. **Peter:** What you're tethered to, right? **Knut:** Yeah. **Peter:** Yeah, so it's a lot of fun and, we get to have a good laugh with the team and, catch up on everyone's news. one of the things that I think is really valuable is that we all get to learn together and it's a source of constant improvement. It's not like, okay, here's the best solution and we're just going to do this. It's like, no. we want to have continual improvement and, one thing when you're dealing with Bitcoin security and custody, it's eternal vigilance. Because you don't get a second chance at putting the genie back in the bottle. Once it's out, it's done. So, from a service level perspective, perfection when it comes to helping clients custody their Bitcoin. It's the bare minimum that we can deliver and I've been very fortunate that, you know, we haven't lost a single Satoshi, that collaborative security protocol is a really important way of being able to deliver that and, quite sadly, we've had a number of clients who have passed and they've been self casting their Bitcoin and we've still been able to recover that. That Bitcoin for the family. And this is where to anyone who's listening about that, that's a very serious thing that, you know, you need to consider. if you go home after listen to this and ask your wife, hey, or your partner, hey, can you move my Bitcoin? If you don't get a satisfactory answer, then you've got some work to do on making sure that you don't die with the music inside you. And that's, that's a really big deal to your point earlier, Knut, that this is the first asset that you can't extract. TrueForce. It sits in your head and if you don't have a map to that bitcoin, then it's lost forever. Or until someone breaks SHA 256 and we can access it. **Knut:** Yeah, I love all this, the way of framing it, because it's so hard to debunk those theories, and, what play, another way of looking at it is that Bitcoin was always there, and it's just that the hashing power was zero up until 2009, **Peter:** I love that thought. It's wild. **Knut:** but it's true, it's 100 percent true, **Peter:** Yeah. **Knut:** the numbers were there somewhere. So yeah, it's goes back to the, the thing only being information and like even deeper. It's just data ones and zeros and, data interpreted, can be called information. And yeah, that's what Bitcoin is. # The Inverse of Clown World **Peter:** Can I ask a question of you boys? I want you to show me your latest and greatest. This book that's coming out. Hit me. **Knut:** it's the best Bitcoin book I've ever read. No, like, so Bitcoin, the inverse of clown world, started as an idea and it started with a long, long period of writer's block for me. So I knew I wanted to write something and I knew I wanted to write another Bitcoin book, but I couldn't get started. And then sometime during last December, like early December last year, it just started pouring out of me and it's, inspired by the two years, almost two years of conversations we've had with excellent Bitcoiners now, all of those ideas, started pouring out. And then I wanted to look on board as some sort of editor or something. We hadn't really decided what your role was going to be. as we started looking at the text together, we realized that you're not the editor, you're the co author here, like we should write this as a team, which turned it into a bigger project. And we, I had written around 10 chapters, I think, but then we saw, we looked at the chapters at one point and realized that, it's sort of a hero's journey thing, I looked up the conceptual hero's journey and we realized that if we just order these chapters correctly, we can sort of have it in the back of our minds that they fit into this, Heroes Journey template, and then the reader is the hero, that removes Clown World by, focusing on Bitcoin. so that's what we did. The first part of the book describes, the reality we find ourselves in, and clown world, and what makes, why clown world exists, and why politicized money turns into completely arbitrary issues being focused on, and bullshit, being emphasized everywhere, Then, the midsection of the book is a journey of introspection and this whole concept of your satoshis and how much, the mind creates reality and how you remove that old world by, focusing on different things. and then the last part of a book is sort of hinting at what's on the other side there. The funniest book yet, I'd say, and a bit more thorough this time, or we have, since that's sort of what Luke added, is like, coherency to the thing and, and us reading, we did like three passes with the book, so we read it one time first, like my, my original outline, and then decided this goes here, that goes there, and then we read it when the last chapters were, Done. So we had another pass and then we had a third pass and we've had our editor Mel, who's fantastic, look through it too and, change a synonym here and there and a paragraph here and there, making it look nicer. it is what's on the other side of the, everything divided by 21 million equation. Everything divided by 21 million equals the inverse of clown world. it is the natural follow up to that book, and we're doing a pass with everything divided at the moment. a readability pass, I'd say. So we are doing a light edit to make the ultimate version of that book. And it's, the sentences are a bit less choppy. It was quite a choppy book, so we're making it a bit more readable. And it's good to look back on that because we see so much mirrored in the new book. It's just, the other side of the equation. So we're very proud of it and we're excited to release it. We can't wait. What's your take, Luke? **Luke:** Well, I was, I was going to let, Peter, I was gonna let you respond a little bit, but sure, I'll just, I'll add, I'll add one thing. it's definitely funnier and more toxic than the previous Knut books. And this was from, I hadn't realized this, actually, because it sort of felt like everything that we've been doing for the last two years, this crazy show, this, formerly Freedom Footprint show, now Bitcoin Infinity show. the Freedom Footprint years are the input to this book, but, we just have a blast, joking together and, talking together about anything and everything. what actually went into this book is, there's jokes everywhere and, the toxicity is turned up a level then it was, the process of going back and re reading everything divided. you weren't nearly as toxic or, even nearly as intentionally funny. There aren't as many jokes in Everything Divided and it's different. I'm proud of my contribution. I mean, I'm honored to be here, really. And, as with everything in Bitcoin, it's, the surreal doesn't end. It's less than two years since I first. Met any bitcoiners face to face. Riga, 2022 is my first time. and so Riga 2024 we're launching this book together. And, for me, it's just surreal. can you explain all of it? thanks Peter, for asking, and I think this is the first time we've really gone in depth about the book on this show, **Peter:** I'm so excited for you. I sincerely love you boys and think you are a great team. Quirky as hell. And I, I'm really looking forward to this book. Like, the second I saw it I was like, ah, I cannot wait. And then, to me, like, being a fan of your work, I'm like, yeah. Oh, you're going to release a box set? Sweet! Another thing to just put on the shelf! I can't wait. Literally, call me and let me know when I can buy it, because I would love to buy not only Clown World, I want to get the rehashed box set. And I think, like I shared with you, the reading everything divided by 21 million, the thoughts in that were so dense. It was like the gravity of the sun relative to other books because and I remember reading it and I sat down and I'd like a dedicated time, it was a book that I was really looking forward to reading and I'd set time aside to focus on this and I thought, oh, it's a little book, you know, I'll get through this in no time. And. We talked about this, that the density of thought in that little book had me reading like a paragraph at a time and then I'd just sit back and I'd be like, Damn, and I'd have to think about one little paragraph in there for moments, like minutes, maybe even 10 minutes and what ended up happening was it took me probably five times longer to read that book than I had anticipated. Because it was so thought provoking for me. I was like, man, like, the things you've thought about in here are so deep and profound. I wanted to, you know, ponder on what, what the significance of it was, a question I've got on the release of Clown World. one thing I love doing with everything divided by 21 million was going back and listening to it because then I couldn't stop and ponder because I had to keep the train of thought going. And I'm wondering, at the time of release of Clown World, Are you going to release an audio version of it as well? Like, can you get both at the same time? **Luke:** Same time, probably not. The manuscript is done now, but we're still waiting on our forward, hopefully by the time this is released, Giacomo has given us our forward, and so we need that for the audio version, but we'll get it to Guy right away once we have that done. This is like a little snapshot in time here when we've got the thing done, but it's not 100 percent done yet. So yeah, we'll have the audio book, but it might not be quite immediately at launch. Bitcoin Infinity Day is a pretty specific day on the calendar and we can't move the launch date. I hope you understand. **Peter:** Totally. **Knut:** you want a paragraph, Peter? **Peter:** Yeah, come on, hit me. **Knut:** This is from a chapter called Freedom Footprint. The fight for freedom is never ending. Every generation must participate or be forever shackled to its hamster's wheels. The siren's song of the government has led many adventurers to a state of perpetual Stockholm syndrome. Even though the beaches are littered with human skulls, her song seduces new sailors daily. Free healthcare, universal basic income, fixed weather, free lunches abound. The government's anaconda grip over your life tightens every time another freedom is sacrificed on the altar of perceived safety. She is a cunning snake that grows stronger whenever we forget to resist. The history of human civilization is one of repeating cycles over the centuries. Property rights lead to perspective. Prosperity. Prosperity leads to more government spending. More government spending leads to bigger government. Big government leads to dilutions of grandeur and totalitarianism. And totalitarianism leads to civil wars and revolutions. Are you prepared to take matters into your own hands? Probably not. You still live in the world you were born into and idealistic martyrdom is not on most people's bucket lists, but whatever small step you take to increase your personal freedom footprint increases the total level of freedom dioxide in the atmosphere. Freedom dioxide is essential to life. It prevents political climate change and global laming. # Authoritarian Australia **Peter:** I love it. I've got to say, that just resonates so deeply with me at the moment because in Australia we have A change in law coming into our tax code next year, 1st of July, for balances over a certain threshold in our pension system will now suffer the fate of unrealized capital gains tax. **Knut:** Oh, holy fuck. **Peter:** So, I cannot tell you the amount of stress and sleep that I have lost over this, but it affects a big part of my life. Maybe 70, 000 Australians presently, but if you've got a couple of Bitcoin in your super fund, it's going to affect every Australian who's got a couple of Bitcoin in their super fund before too long. And this to me is the encroachment that is just beyond the pale for me. That's like theft straight up. **Knut:** yeah, even if you don't believe tax is theft, which it is, or that inflation is theft, which it is, taking an unrealized gain from someone is definitely theft. Like, how is it not? **Peter:** it's insane. And to give you some examples of this, because I've done the numbers on it, I'm not allowed to touch my retirement money till, till I turn, 63, I think it is, or 62, but by the time I get there, it'll be 65 or 70. Let's assume it's 16 years before I can touch it. By my calculations, I will have 86 percent less Bitcoin on my retirement than I do now through this unrealized capital gains tax. **Knut:** We need to set up a voting accident for you, Peter. **Peter:** I don't think that's possible. I'm pretty good at custody. **Knut:** I like the way you're thinking, but it's, it really is perplexing to me. We've had this discussion before about, you know, completely clean government approved Bitcoin and, coin joined the sneaky shadow super recoder Bitcoin. And you've been a proponent of the former **Peter:** that's true. **Knut:** yeah, it's, I hate to tell you, but this is a case of fuck around and find out, I think, **Peter:** Yeah, I've got to say, it's particularly disturbing because it skews the incentives dramatically, and I had a conversation, about this, but what it does is it robs you of the ability to compound your return through time, and you end up poor. But the best thing, That can happen to you. And this is doing the numbers, and this is the crazy part. The best outcome that I can hope for, is to end up with 14% of the Bitcoin that I've got now that's the best outcome. **Knut:** but it is an argument for not doing KYC Bitcoin ever, like doing it all under the table, all black market. **Peter:** But if, if you want to catch a, that Bitcoin in your, in your superannuation or pension system in Australia, it, it is all documented. So, there's no getting out of it that I'm aware of. So, it's an encroachment I am, I am none too happy about. And I kind of feel like, in light of how orchestrated the governments across the globe have been, or Western democracies anyway, it feels like a trial balloon in Australia to see if they can get away with it and then they'll implement it in Australia. All of the other nations once they've got, got that tick off, tick of approval. **Knut:** So how do you get out of it? **Peter:** You **Knut:** off somewhere? **Peter:** No. I need a 30 percent unrealized gain per annum, so I'm just sitting there properly disturbed by the fact that our government thinks it's acceptable to take unrealized capital gains, and what I'm more concerned about is because of the volatility of Bitcoin, what will end up happening at some point in time is when you get a 10x return on your Bitcoin, It'll go from, say, a balance of 3 million to 30 million in a year. that represents a 9 million unrealized capital gains tax bill payable. After a 10x year in Bitcoin, you know what happens. You usually have an 80 percent drop. And so 30 million will drop to 6 million, but you'll have a 9 million outstanding tax bill payable and they'll take all of your super fund, all of your pension money because you've got 9 million outstanding for their tax bill and you only have 6 million to pay it. So, unless I can pick the top of every market between now and the next 20 years, which is an impossible feat. I'll probably have no pension money left by the time I get to retirement. So, I've got to say, to say I'm particularly upset about it would be an understatement. **Knut:** Sucks. **Peter:** So, if you find a solution over there, in Scandinavia, ship it in. **Luke:** I mean, we just have the capital gains, the regular kind, but, yeah, if there was talk of putting in unrealized capital gains, I think you'd see a lot of Bitcoiners leaving pretty quickly and, craziness, jurisdictions, doing things differently, doing things unintelligently will be, over the next 20, 30 years, I guess. Probably lots of differences between jurisdictions. # Conferences and Wrapping Up **Peter:** So, anyway, we've got all that to look forward to. On brighter note, I'm really looking forward to your new book. I can't wait to get it, can't wait to read it. Are you celebrating Bitcoin Infinity Day, hosting an event? Bitcoin Infinity Day **Knut:** Yeah. In Riga, at the basement bar, which is the first bar in Riga that accepts Bitcoin and Bitcoin only. So yeah, looking forward to that a lot. We have a lot to look forward to in Riga, there's the Nostriga conference, big Nostr event, there's Noob Day Wiz's thing there, where we're both speaking and we're both speaking at the regular conference as well and doing interviews and all this stuff, so really looking forward to it, we love Riga and the team over there, **Peter:** I'm hoping to make it to Rega next year. **Knut:** Yeah, I might make it to Sydney next year. **Peter:** Oh **Knut:** we'll see. I'd love to return. Like I think every two years is, I could live with that. **Peter:** You were, Very, very popular, I've got to say, and sort of speaking to, the crew at, the Sydney Bitcoin Meetup, I can tell you before you arrived, everyone was so excited to see you here. And we understand it's a really long way from the rest of the world and, the fact you guys, or, Knut, you made it out here, Luke, hopefully you can jump on the next time and come out as a two for one. any Bitcoin talent that comes out here, we're thrilled to see, but, to have you. Still one of my favorite memories in Bitcoin is your rendition of Fuck You Money with Daz. **Knut:** yeah, that was a great moment. **Peter:** Loved **Knut:** that's, it's great. And it's so fun to play. Music with, and yeah, no, just the community down there in general is great. And, I'd love to see it. I'd love to, love to come again. **Peter:** well, anytime, **Luke:** Fantastic. Peter, I think we're winding down here. I'm feeling the energy and, so anything else you had on your mind before we sign off for today? **Peter:** No, I just want to thank you guys for, you know, just being great citizens in the Bitcoin community and doing what you do. I have enjoyed immensely the work you guys put out. big fan of the show, big fan of your books. And I can't wait to see what the new iteration looks like with the new co authors. So, Luke, I can't wait to read it. **Knut:** We'll send you a copy as soon as we can. **Peter:** no, I'll pay. **Knut:** all right, Peter, thank you very much. **Peter:** Thank you, boys. **Luke:** Thanks, Peter. **Knut:** Use code freedom. **Luke:** This has been the Bitcoin Infinity Show. Thank you for listening.  

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

First steps into privacy. You are a normie, but maybe you are privacy curious. Maybe you are ready to take a first step or two into security and privacy but don't know where to start. Don't worry, here are some absolute beginner first steps that will make a big difference. > 1. No one except your friends and family should know your personal phone number and email address. Stop giving away your data! You don't have to fill out every blank on that form. Unless they are mailing you something they don't need your home address. Use a email aliasing service or just create a burner email account as a spam trap. Get a second VOIP phone number. Look up the address of a local hotel. Use these instead of your personal information or maybe just skip the customer reward program. > 2. Speaking of giving away your data. Stop using spyware! Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, etc. It is "free" software designed to suck every ounce of personal data from you to be repackaged and sold. Don't just delete the app, search for how to delete your account data. BTW Windows, google, and 90% of the apps on your phone are also spyware but one thing at a time. Maybe start reading up on FOSS. > 3. Clean up your communications. Stop using unencrypted calls and SMS texts. There are several options but just get Signal and make your friends use it. Its easy and works. > 4. Clean up your email. This one is probably going to take you some time if you are like most people who have hundreds of emails from years gone bye. Go through every single one and unsubscribe from every newsletter or sales pitch from every store you have ever bought anything from. Block every spam email you see. If you are using a email provider that literally scans every email you send or receive in order to sell you stuff like gmail, then now is the time to switch to a private and encrypted provider like proton or tuta. > 5. Clean up your web surfing. Switch to a privacy browser and search engine. If you don't know which one just get Brave. There are ones that I like better but Brave is good enough and easy, especially if you like Chrome. A hardened Firefox is better but requires some homework and if on desktop Mullvad browser is a excellent choice. > BONUS TIP: Clean up your security. Make sure all of your software is setup for automatic updates, especially security updates. Also, I don’t know who needs to hear this but get a password manager if you don’t have one. (Don't save passwords on the browser!) Get an actual password manager and then add 2FA to all of your online accounts and you will have better security than 90% of the population. > OK, nothing too exciting but we got the big rocks. Data leaks, communications, email, web surfing, and basic security. What, no VPN or Tor or super secret stuff? No, not yet. This is your level zero default. Your identity and activity is still transparent but you are no longer leaking your data all over the place. This will provide a general base for everyone. The next step is to perform a basic threat assessment of your personal situation. What are you most at risk for? Targeted attacks or passive? Cyber or physical? What do you most need to defend against? Government mass surveillance, surveillance capitalism, censorship, or public exposure? There will be some overlap with all of them but your next steps will really depend on your answer. We will cover each of these in greater depth later.

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

After 7 months of work and procrastination I've decided to release another version of noStrudel There a ton of new features and a few bugs fixed. This article highlights the biggest changes but if you want to read the full changelog you can find it in the [github repo](https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) And as always if you want to check it out you can use [nostrudel.ninja](https://nostrudel.ninja) or run it locally using docker ```sh docker run --rm -p 8080:80 ghcr.io/hzrd149/nostrudel:0.40.0 ``` ## New Features ### Support for NIP-49 encrypted nsec Now when logging into to the app it will prompt you to set a password to encrypt your nsec so it can be stored securely (if that's even possible for a web client...) There is also a new "Account" settings view that lets you export you nsec as a ncryptsec so you can copy it to other apps  ### Blindspot feeds There are also new "blindspot" feeds that show what others are seeing in their timeline that your missing  ### NIP-42 Relay authentication The app now supports NIP-42 relay authentication. Its opt-in though, so if you want to use popular authenticated relays like nostr.wine or relay.snort.social you will have to enable it in the settings  ### Wasm relay and event verification The app now supports using [@snort/worker-relay](https://git.v0l.io/Kieran/snort/src/branch/main/packages/worker-relay) as a local relay. Its at least 10x faster than the internal browser cache and can hold at least 100x more events. Its not enabled by default though so if you want to use it you have to switch to it in the "Relays" -> "Cache Relay" view  The app also supports using [nostr-wasm](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nostr-wasm) to speed up event signature verification. This is enabled by default, but if you want to still use the JavaScript verification or no verification you can find it in the performance setting  ### Thread tabs Threads now have a set of tabs that let you see the Replies, Quotes, Zaps, and other stuff related to the note   ### Wiki articles Its not feature complete but you can now view and edit wiki articles in the app  ### Finished the launchpad The launchpad is now usable and shows the latest notifications, messages, streams, and tools  ### Blossom uploads The app now lets you upload images and video to blossom server, this isn't enabled by default though so your going to have to enable it in the settings  And then setup some blossom servers in the settings. A few good public ones are `https://cdn.satellite.earth` and `https://cdn.nostrcheck.me`  ### Task Manager There is also a new "Task Manager" in the side nav that lets you see whats going on under the hood in the app  You can see what relays the app is currently connected to  And which relays are requesting NIP-42 authentication  ## Bug fixes - Fix null relay hints in DMs - Fix users own events being hidden by muted words - Fix random events showing up as DM messages - Fix app prompting NIP-07 extension to unlock when app opens - Remove corsproxy.io as default service for CORS proxy

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

#GHOSTn - _Renoted from a month ago into a article as a proof of concept_ A quick overview #privacy #tor #vpn **Computer -> clearnet -> Website ** ISP: sees that you are connected to website VPN: n/a Tor Entrance Node: n/a Tor Exit Node: n/a Website: sees your IP address and logs everything that you do on the website Good for when the expectation of privacy does not exist. A KYC site you are logging into. Utility bill pay site, bank **Computer -> VPN -> Website ** ISP: sees that you are connecting to a VPN but not what you are doing afterwards VPN: sees your IP Address and that you are connecting to a website Tor Entrance Node: n/a Tor Exit Node: n/a Website: sees that someone from a VPN exit node has connected but doesn’t know who. Logs data. Good for hiding your activity from your ISP. Good for hiding your identity from the website. Good for when you want low level privacy but not anonymity. VPN provider sees everything and your level of privacy depends on how much they know about you and how much data they log and retain (varies greatly from provider to provider). **Computer -> Tor -> Website ** ISP: sees that you are connected to Tor but nothing afterwards VPN: n/a Tor Entrance Node: sees your IP address but nothing afterwards Tor Exit Node: sees website you are going to but not who you are Website: sees someone from Tor has connected but doesn’t know who. Logs. Good for privacy and anonymity. Assumes that Tor is legal in your country. **Computer -> VPN -> Tor -> Website ** ISP: sees that you connected to a VPN but nothing afterwards VPN: sees IP address and that you are connecting to Tor but nothing afterwards Tor Entrance Node: sees a VPN is connected but nothing afterwards Tor Exit Node: sees website you are going to but not who you are Website: sees someone from Tor has connected but doesn’t know who. Logs. Good for if your ISP blocks or cancels your service for using Tor. Potentially an option if Tor is illegal in your country (Dangerous). **Computer -> Tor -> VPN -> Website ** ISP: sees that you are connecting to Tor but nothing afterwards VPN: sees someone from Tor is connected and that they are connecting to a website Tor Entrance Node: sees IP address but nothing afterwards Tor Exit Node: sees someone is connecting to a VPN but nothing afterwards Website: sees someone from a VPN is connecting but doesn’t know who. Logs. Good for when a website blocks Tor traffic. Assumes Tor is legal in your country. Assumes that the VPN doesn’t know who you are. To maximize privacy and anonymity VPN provider should be KYC free and accept privacy payments (ex: Monero). _Note: If a website blocks Tor and VPN then maybe that is a sign that you shouldn’t go there._

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

บิตคอยน์ไม่ใช่แค่เงินดิจิทัล มันคือสมรภูมิแห่งความคิด การต่อสู้ระหว่างอุดมการณ์และเกมเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่ทุกคนมีสิทธิ์เข้าร่วม เรื่องราวของบิตคอยน์เริ่มต้นขึ้นในปี 2008 เมื่อ Satoshi Nakamoto บุคคลลึกลับปล่อย "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" เอกสารนี้ไม่ได้แค่เสนอระบบการเงินแบบใหม่ แต่ยังเป็นการท้าทายระบบเดิมที่ควบคุมโดยธนาคารและรัฐบาล ลองนึกภาพกลุ่มเพื่อนที่อยากเจอกัน แต่ไม่รู้จะไปร้านไหนดี นี่แหละคือปัญหา "Consensus" หรือ ภาวะเห็นพ้องต้องกัน บิตคอยน์แก้ปัญหานี้ด้วย "Blockchain" เหมือนสมุดบัญชีสาธารณะที่บันทึกทุกธุรกรรม ใครๆ ก็เข้าถึงได้ แต่การแก้ไขต้องใช้ "Proof of Work" หรือ การแก้โจทย์ยากๆ ที่ต้องใช้พลังงานมหาศาล เปรียบเหมือนการขุดหาเพชร ใครขุดเจอคนแรกก็ได้รางวัลไป บิตคอยน์ก็ใช้หลักการคล้ายๆ กัน ใครมีพลังประมวลผลมากก็มีโอกาสปิดบล็อกได้ก่อน แต่เหรียญก็มักจะมีสองด้านเสมอ.. ระบบนี้เปิดโอกาสให้เกิด **"Strategic Mining" หรือ การใช้กลยุทธ์ต่างๆ เพื่อโกยผลประโยชน์** มันเหมือนเกมเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่ทุกคนต่างแข่งขันกัน ใครมีกลยุทธ์ดีกว่าก็ได้เปรียบ แล้วอะไรล่ะที่ป้องกันไม่ให้บิคอยน์ถูกควบคุม? หนึ่งในแนวคิดคือ "Market Fragility Hypothesis" ที่เชื่อว่าหากเกิดการควบคุมระบบบิตคอยน์ ราคาของบิตคอยน์จะร่วงลงอย่างรุนแรง ทำให้ผู้ที่พยายามจะควบคุมก็ต้องเสียหายไปด้วย อีกแนวคิดคือ "Repeated Games and Institutional Norms" ที่มองว่าการทำตัวดีเป็นผลดีต่อทุกคนในระยะยาว ใครทำตัวไม่ดีก็อาจถูกลงโทษ เช่น การไม่ยอมรับธุรกรรมที่น่าสงสัย แต่การลงโทษก็มีปัญหา เพราะต้องอาศัยความร่วมมือจากผู้เล่นส่วนใหญ่ ซึ่งในโลกแห่งบิตคอยน์ที่ไร้ศูนย์กลาง การประสานงานจริงๆ นั้นทำได้ยาก บิตคอยน์ยังเผชิญความท้าทายอีกมากมาย เช่น การลดลงของรางวัลขุด (Block Subsidy) ที่อาจกระทบต่อความปลอดภัย หรือการต่อสู้กับการเซ็นเซอร์ธุรกรรม (Censorship Attack) อนาคตของบิตคอยฯ์จะเป็นอย่างไร? บางคนเชื่อว่าบิตคอยน์จะกลายเป็นสกุลเงินหลักของโลก (Hyperbitcoinization) แต่บางคนก็มองว่าความผันผวนของราคาและความเสี่ยงจากการถูกเข้าควบคุมจะเป็นอุปสรรคที่สำคัญ ไม่ว่าอนาคตจะเป็นเช่นไร.. บิตคอยน์ได้จุดประกายการปฏิวัติทางเศรษฐกิจครั้งใหญ่ ใครๆ ก็สามารถเข้าร่วมเกมนี้ได้ แต่การจะชนะต้องอาศัยความเข้าใจในกฎกติกาและกลยุทธ์ที่เหนือชั้น บทความนี้จึงได้เรียบเรียงเนื้อหาที่น่าสนใจมาจากใน **หนังสือ "Bitcoin: A Game-Theoretic Analysis"** ซึ่งเล่าเรื่องราวของบิตคอยน์ผ่านมุมมองของทฤษฎีเกมมาแบ่งปัน ซึ่งจะช่วยให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจกลไกและความท้าทายของบิตคอยน์อย่างครอบคลุม อ่านสนุก และน่าติดตามมากขึ้น # Dominant Strategy ไพ่ตายที่ (แทบ) ไม่มีอยู่จริงในสมรภูมิบิตคอยน์ ในโลกของเกมและเศรษฐศาสตร์ **“Dominant Strategy” คือกลยุทธ์มหัศจรรย์ที่ทำให้ผู้เล่นได้เปรียบ** ไม่ว่าคู่แข่งจะงัดไม้ไหนมาสู้ก็ตาม ยกตัวอย่าง "Prisoner's Dilemma" เกมคลาสสิคที่ผู้ต้องหาสองคนต้องเลือกว่าจะร่วมมือ (ไม่ซัดทอดเพื่อน) หรือหักหลัง (ซัดทอดเพื่อน) ถ้าทั้งคู่ร่วมมือจะได้รับโทษเบาๆ ด้วยกัน แต่ถ้าคนหนึ่งหักหลัง อีกคนร่วมมือ คนหักหลังจะได้รางวัล คนร่วมมือจะโดนโทษหนัก และถ้าทั้งคู่หักหลัง จะโดนโทษหนักด้วยกันทั้งคู่ จะเห็นว่าการหักหลัง คือ Dominant Strategy เพราะไม่ว่าเพื่อนจะเลือกอะไร การหักหลังจะทำให้เราได้ผลลัพธ์ดีกว่าเสมอ (ไม่โดนโทษหนัก หรือได้รางวัล) แต่ในสมรภูมิ Bitcoin กลยุทธ์แบบไพ่ตายแทบไม่มีอยู่จริง เพราะการกระทำของนักขุดแต่ละคนล้วนส่งผลกระทบต่อคนอื่นๆ เสมอ ลองนึกภาพนักขุดจอมเจ้าเล่ห์ที่พยายามโกงระบบ เช่น - **Selfish Mining:** แอบขุดบล็อกไว้คนเดียว หวังจะฮุบรางวัลบล็อกทั้งหมด - **Block Withholding:** กั๊กบล็อกที่ขุดได้ บีบให้คนอื่นจ่ายค่าธรรมเนียมแพงๆ - **Censorship Attack:** ควบคุมเครือข่ายเพื่อบล็อกธุรกรรมบางอย่าง กลยุทธ์เหล่านี้อาจดูเหมือนไพ่ตายในแวบแรก แต่ความจริงแล้วมันขึ้นอยู่กับปฏิกิริยาของนักขุดคนอื่นๆ ด้วย เพราะถ้าคนอื่นๆ รู้ทันแผนการร้าย และเลือกที่จะลงโทษนักขุดจอมเจ้าเล่ห์ เช่น ไม่ยอมรับบล็อกที่ขุดได้ หรือหันไปใช้บริการแพลตฟอร์มอื่น นักขุดจอมเจ้าเล่ห์ก็จะขาดทุน ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น.. กลยุทธ์เหล่านี้มักจะทำลายความเชื่อมั่นในบิตคอยน์ (Market Fragility Hypothesis) ทำให้ราคาบิตคอยน์ร่วงลง นักขุดจอมเจ้าเล่ห์ก็จะเสียหายตามไปด้วย ดังนั้น.. ในบิตคอยน์จึงไม่มีกลยุทธ์ใดที่รับประกันความสำเร็จ 100% ทุกการกระทำล้วนมีความเสี่ยง และขึ้นอยู่กับการตัดสินใจของนักขุดคนอื่นๆ นี่คือเสน่ห์ของบิตคอยน์ที่ทำให้มันเป็นระบบที่มีพลวัต ซับซ้อน และท้าทาย ไม่มีใครสามารถควบคุมเกมได้อย่างสมบูรณ์ และทุกคนต้องเล่นอย่างชาญฉลาดเพื่อให้ได้ผลลัพธ์ที่ดีที่สุด.. # Nash Equilibrium สมดุลอันเปราะบางบนเส้นด้ายแห่งความไว้วางใจใน Bitcoin **"Nash Equilibrium"** เป็นแนวคิดสำคัญในทฤษฎีเกม อธิบายภาวะสมดุลที่เกิดขึ้นเมื่อผู้เล่นแต่ละคนเลือกกลยุทธ์ที่ดีที่สุดสำหรับตัวเอง โดยพิจารณาจากกลยุทธ์ของผู้เล่นคนอื่นๆ ณ จุดสมดุลนี้ ไม่มีใครอยากเปลี่ยนกลยุทธ์ เพราะรู้ว่าการเปลี่ยนจะทำให้ตัวเองเสียเปรียบ ยกตัวอย่างเกม **"Splitting $4"** ที่ผู้เล่นสองคนต้องเขียนตัวเลข ($1, $2, $3) หากผลรวมไม่เกิน $4 ทั้งคู่จะได้รับเงินตามที่เขียน แต่ถ้าเกิน $4 ทั้งคู่จะไม่ได้อะไรเลย Nash Equilibrium ของเกมนี้คือการที่ทั้งคู่เขียน $2 เพราะไม่ว่าใครจะเปลี่ยนตัวเลข คนที่ไม่เปลี่ยนจะได้เปรียบกว่าเสมอ ถ้าคนหนึ่งเขียน $3 อีกคนเขียน $2 คนเขียน $2 จะได้ $2 ส่วนคนเขียน $3 จะไม่ได้อะไรเลย ถ้าคนหนึ่งเขียน $1 อีกคนเขียน $2 คนเขียน $2 จะได้ $2 ส่วนคนเขียน $1 จะได้แค่ $1 ในบิตคอยน์ก็มี Nash Equilibrium เช่นเดียวกัน หนึ่งในนั้นคือการที่นักขุดส่วนใหญ่เลือก "Default Compliant" หรือ การทำตามกฎกติกาของบิตคอยน์อย่างเคร่งครัด ทำไมถึงเป็นเช่นนั้น? ลองนึกภาพนักขุดจอมโลภที่คิดจะแหกกฎเพื่อหาผลประโยชน์ใส่ตัว เช่น - Selfish Mining: แอบขุดบล็อกไว้คนเดียว - Block Withholding: กั๊กบล็อกที่ขุดได้ - Censorship Attack: บล็อกธุรกรรมบางอย่าง ถ้ามีนักขุดทำแบบนี้แค่คนเดียว ในขณะที่คนอื่นๆ ยังคงทำตามกฎ นักขุดคนนั้นอาจจะได้เปรียบในระยะสั้น แต่ในระยะยาว การกระทำแบบนี้จะ.. - **ทำลายความเชื่อมั่นในบิตคอยน์** (Market Fragility Hypothesis) ทำให้ราคาบิตคอยน์ร่วงลง - **ถูกนักขุดคนอื่นๆ ลงโทษ** เช่น ไม่ยอมรับบล็อกที่ขุดได้ หรือ รวมหัวกันแบนนักขุดจอมโลภ สุดท้าย.. นักขุดจอมโลภก็จะขาดทุนและสูญเสียโอกาสในการได้รับรางวัลบล็อกในอนาคต ดังนั้น.. การทำตามกฎจึงเป็นกลยุทธ์ที่ปลอดภัยและยั่งยืนกว่าสำหรับนักขุดส่วนใหญ่ อย่างไรก็ตาม Nash Equilibrium ในบิตคอยน์ไม่ได้หมายความว่าระบบจะมั่นคง 100% - **แรงจูงใจในการแหกกฎอาจเพิ่มขึ้นได้** เช่น เมื่อรางวัลบล็อก (Block Subsidy) ลดลงและค่าธรรมเนียม (Transaction Fee) ไม่สูงพอ นักขุดอาจมองว่าการโกงคุ้มค่ากับความเสี่ยงมากขึ้น - **การประสานงานเพื่อลงโทษผู้ทำผิดอาจทำได้ยาก** บิตคอยน์ไม่มีศูนย์กลางควบคุม การตัดสินใจใดๆ ต้องอาศัยความเห็นพ้องของนักขุดส่วนใหญ่ ซึ่งอาจทำได้ยากและใช้เวลานาน Nash Equilibrium ในบิตคอยน์จึงเป็นสมดุลที่เปราะบางที่สามารถถูกทำลายได้ หากแรงจูงใจและสภาพแวดล้อมเปลี่ยนไป.. นี่คือความท้าทายที่ชุมชนบิตคอยน์ต้องเผชิญในการรักษาสมดุลระหว่าง **"ผลประโยชน์ส่วนตัว"** ของนักขุด กับ **"ความมั่นคงของระบบ"** โดยรวม # Censorship Attack สมรภูมิปิดล้อมบิตคอยน์กับอาวุธลับ Soft Fork บิตคอยน์นั้นถูกออกแบบมาให้เป็นระบบการเงินแบบไร้ศูนย์กลาง ปราศจากการควบคุมของรัฐบาลหรือองค์กรใดๆ แต่ในโลกแห่งความเป็นจริง อำนาจและการควบคุมยังคงเป็นสิ่งที่หลายฝ่ายปรารถนา และ **"Censorship Attack"** คือหนึ่งในภัยคุกคามที่บิตคอยน์ต้องเผชิญ Censorship Attack คือ **ความพยายามในการปิดล้อม Bitcoin เพื่อบล็อกธุรกรรมบางอย่าง** เปรียบเสมือนการที่รัฐบาลเผด็จการพยายามปิดกั้นข้อมูลข่าวสาร หรือบริษัทผูกขาดพยายามกำจัดคู่แข่ง ใครบ้างที่อาจอยู่เบื้องหลัง Censorship Attack? - **รัฐบาล:** อาจต้องการควบคุมการไหลเวียนของ Bitcoin เพื่อรักษาอำนาจทางการเงิน หรือ ป้องกันการฟอกเงิน - **องค์กรขนาดใหญ่:** อาจต้องการควบคุมตลาดบิตคอยน์เพื่อผลประโยชน์ของตัวเอง - **กลุ่มคนที่ไม่เห็นด้วยกับ Bitcoin:** อาจต้องการทำลาย Bitcoin เพราะมองว่าเป็นภัยคุกคามต่อระบบเดิม พวกเขาจะใช้พลังขุดจำนวนมหาศาลในการควบคุมเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์ และบล็อกธุรกรรมที่ไม่พึงประสงค์ เหมือนกับการที่รัฐบาลเผด็จการใช้กำลังทหารปิดล้อมเมือง แต่บิตคอยน์ก็ไม่ใช่หมูที่จะให้เชือดได้ง่ายๆ ชุมชนบิตคอยน์มีอาวุธลับ นั่นคือ **"Soft Fork"** **Soft Fork คือการเปลี่ยนแปลงกฎกติกาของ Bitcoin โดยที่ยังคงเข้ากันได้กับกฎเดิม** Node ที่ใช้กฎเดิมจะยังคงมองว่าบล็อกที่สร้างขึ้นตามกฎใหม่นั้นถูกต้อง ยกตัวอย่างเช่น ชุมชนบิคคอยน์อาจใช้ Soft Fork เพื่อ.. - **ยกเลิกการบล็อกธุรกรรม:** ทำให้ธุรกรรมที่ถูกบล็อกสามารถดำเนินการได้ตามปกติ - **เพิ่มความสามารถของบิตคอยน์:** เช่น เพิ่มขนาดบล็อก หรือเพิ่มฟังก์ชั่นใหม่ๆ - **ลงโทษผู้พยายามควบคุม:** เช่น ลดรางวัลบล็อกหรือตัดสิทธิ์การขุด ของผู้ที่พยายามควบคุมเครือข่าย Soft Fork เปรียบเสมือนอาวุธลับที่จะช่วยให้ชุมชนบิตคอยน์สามารถแหกกฎที่ไม่เป็นธรรมได้ เหมือนกับการที่ประชาชนลุกขึ้นมาต่อต้านอำนาจเผด็จการด้วยการใช้สันติวิธี อย่างไรก็ตาม.. การใช้ Soft Fork ก็มีความเสี่ยงอยู่เช่นกัน.. - **อาจทำให้บิตคอยน์แตกเป็นสองสาย:** หากนักขุดส่วนใหญ่ไม่เห็นด้วยกับ Soft Fork อาจทำให้เกิด **"Hard Fork"** หรือ การแยกบิตคอยน์ออกเป็นสองเหรียญ - **อาจลดทอนความน่าเชื่อถือของบิตคอยน์:** หาก Soft Fork ถูกใช้บ่อยเกินไป อาจทำให้คนมองว่าบิตคอยน์ไม่มั่นคง และเปลี่ยนแปลงง่ายเกินไป ดังนั้น.. การใช้ Soft Fork จึงต้องทำอย่างรอบคอบ และคำนึงถึงผลกระทบในระยะยาว Censorship Attack จึงเป็นสมรภูมิที่ดุเดือดระหว่าง **"อำนาจ"** กับ **"เสรีภาพ"** ชุมชนบิตคอยน์ต้องต่อสู้เพื่อปกป้องอุดมการณ์ของบิตคอยน์ในฐานะระบบการเงินแบบไร้ศูนย์กลาง และปราศจากการเซ็นเซอร์ # Selfish Mining แผนร้ายใต้เงามืดของนักขุดในมุมมืดผู้แยบยล ในโลกของบิตคอยน์ที่เต็มไปด้วยการแข่งขัน นักขุดแต่ละคนต่างก็งัดกลยุทธ์ต่างๆ มาใช้เพื่อช่วงชิงรางวัลบล็อก และ "Selfish Mining" คือหนึ่งในกลยุทธ์ลับที่แยบยลแต่แฝงไปด้วยความเสี่ยง ลองจินตนาการถึงนักวิทยาศาสตร์สติเฟื่องผู้แอบซุ่มพัฒนาอาวุธร้ายแรงในห้องแล็บลับ ไม่ให้ใครล่วงรู้ Selfish Mining ก็เปรียบเสมือนนักวิทยาศาสตร์คนนี้ ที่แอบขุดบิตคอยน์ไว้คนเดียวเงียบๆ ไม่บอกใคร แผนการร้ายนี้มันทำงานอย่างไร? - **แอบขุดเงียบๆ:** เมื่อนักขุด Selfish Mining ขุดเจอบล็อกใหม่ แทนที่จะประกาศให้โลกรู้ พวกเขาจะเก็บมันไว้เป็นความลับ เหมือนกับนักวิทยาศาสตร์ที่ซ่อนอาวุธไว้ในห้องแล็บ - **แอบสร้างความได้เปรียบ:** นักขุด Selfish Mining จะแอบขุดบล็อกต่อไปเรื่อยๆ โดยหวังว่าจะขุดได้บล็อกต่อเนื่อง ยิ่งขุดได้มากเท่าไหร่ ความได้เปรียบก็ยิ่งมากขึ้น - **เผยไพ่ตาย:** เมื่อนักขุดคนอื่นๆ ใกล้จะขุดเจอบล็อกใหม่ นักขุด Selfish Mining จะรีบเผยแพร่บล็อกทั้งหมดที่แอบขุดไว้ทำให้บล็อกของพวกเขากลายเป็น "Longest Chain" หรือ "Heaviest Chain" และได้รับรางวัลบล็อกทั้งหมดที่ขุดได้ ด้วยกลยุทธ์นี้ นักขุด Selfish Mining สามารถโกงระบบ และได้รับรางวัลบล็อกมากกว่าที่ควรจะเป็น แต่นี่คือเกมแห่งความเสี่ยง เพราะ.. - **ถ้าคนอื่นขุดเจอบล็อกก่อน:** บล็อกทั้งหมดที่นักขุด Selfish Mining แอบขุดไว้จะกลายเป็น "Orphan Block" หรือ "Uncle Block" และไร้ค่าทันที เหมือนกับอาวุธที่ถูกยึดไปก่อนจะได้ใช้งาน - **ยิ่งแอบขุดนาน ความเสี่ยงยิ่งสูง:** ยิ่งนักขุด Selfish Mining แอบขุดบล็อกไว้นานเท่าไหร่ โอกาสที่คนอื่นจะขุดเจอบล็อกก่อนก็ยิ่งมากขึ้นเท่านั้น Selfish Mining ส่งผลกระทบต่อบิตคอยน์อย่างไร? - **ลดประสิทธิภาพของเครือข่าย:** ทำให้การยืนยันธุรกรรมช้าลง และสิ้นเปลืองพลังงานมากขึ้น - **บิดเบือนการกระจายรางวัล:** ทำให้นักขุดที่ทำตามกฎได้รับรางวัลน้อยลง และนักขุด Selfish Mining ได้รับรางวัลมากกว่าที่ควรจะเป็น - **ลดทอนความเชื่อมั่นในบิตคอยน์:** (Market Fragility Hypothesis) ทำให้คนมองว่าบิตคอยน์ไม่มั่นคง และเสี่ยงต่อการถูกควบคุม แล้วจะป้องกัน Selfish Mining ได้อย่างไร? - **การตรวจจับและลงโทษ:** ชุมชน บิตคอยน์ สามารถพัฒนาระบบตรวจจับ Selfish Mining และ ลงโทษนักขุดที่ทำผิดกฎ เช่น ลดรางวัลบล็อก หรือ ตัดสิทธิ์การขุด - **การปรับปรุงกลไก Difficulty Adjustment:** ทำให้การปรับระดับความยากของ Proof of Work ตอบสนองต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงของ hashrate ได้รวดเร็วและแม่นยำยิ่งขึ้น เพื่อทำความเข้าใจกลยุทธ์ Selfish Mining ให้ลึกซึ้งยิ่งขึ้น เราสามารถใช้แบบจำลองทางคณิตศาสตร์ที่เรียกว่า **"Markov Chain"** ในการวิเคราะห์ได้ แบบจำลองนี้ช่วยให้เราคำนวณความน่าจะเป็นของผลลัพธ์ต่างๆ ที่อาจเกิดขึ้นจากการทำ Selfish Mining เช่น โอกาสที่นักขุด Selfish Mining จะประสบความสำเร็จในการยึดครองเครือข่าย หรือ โอกาสที่บล็อกที่แอบขุดไว้จะกลายเป็น Orphan Block ผลการวิเคราะห์โดยใช้ Markov Chain ตามที่ปรากฏในหนังสือ (บทที่ 8) แสดงให้เห็นว่า Selfish Mining สามารถทำให้นักขุดที่โกงได้รับรางวัลบล็อกมากกว่าส่วนแบ่ง Hashrate ที่พวกเขามี ตัวอย่างเช่น.. นักขุดที่มีพลังขุดเพียง 30% สามารถได้รับรางวัลบล็อกมากกว่า 30% ได้ หากพวกเขาใช้กลยุทธ์ Selfish Mining อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น Selfish Mining ยังส่งผลกระทบต่อเสถียรภาพของตลาด Hashrate ด้วย เพราะมันบิดเบือนกลไก Difficulty Adjustment ทำให้การปรับระดับความยากของ Proof of Work ไม่แม่นยำ และเกิดความผันผวนของ Hashrate Selfish Mining จึงเป็นภัยคุกคามที่แยบยล และท้าทายต่อความมั่นคงของบิตคอยน์ ชุมชนบิตคอยน์ต้องร่วมมือกันเพื่อป้องกัน และรักษาสมดุลของระบบนิเวศ # Block Withholding เกมบีบค่าไถ่บิตคอยน์ของเจ้าพ่อผู้โลภมาก ในโลกของบิตคอยน์ การยืนยันธุรกรรมต้องอาศัยนักขุดผู้ทำหน้าที่บรรจุธุรกรรมลงในบล็อก แต่หากนักขุดเหล่านี้เกิดโลภมาก จนละทิ้งอุดมการณ์และหันมาใช้กลยุทธ์ **“Block Withholding”** บิตคอยน์อาจกลายเป็นสนามเด็กเล่นของเจ้าพ่อผู้พยายามครอบงำตลาด Block Withholding คือกลยุทธ์ที่นักขุดจงใจกั๊กบล็อกที่ขุดได้ ไม่ยอมเผยแพร่ ทำให้ธุรกรรมต่างๆ ค้างเติ่งอยู่ใน Mempool หรือพื้นที่รอการยืนยัน เปรียบเสมือนเจ้าพ่อมาเฟียที่ยึดรถบรรทุกสินค้า แล้วเรียกค่าคุ้มครองจากพ่อค้า ใครอยากให้สินค้าของตัวเองถูกส่งไปถึงปลายทางก็ต้องยอมจ่าย ยิ่งธุรกรรมค้างคามากเท่าไหร่ ค่าธรรมเนียม (Transaction Fee) ก็จะยิ่งสูงขึ้น เจ้าพ่อก็จะยิ่งรวย แต่นี่คือเกมแห่งความเสี่ยง เจ้าพ่อผู้โลภมากอาจพลาดท่าได้ เพราะ.. - **ผลักไสผู้ใช้งาน:** ถ้าค่าธรรมเนียมแพงเกินไป คนอาจหนีไปใช้แพลตฟอร์มอื่น หรือหันไปใช้บริการ Layer 2 เช่น Lightning Network ที่รวดเร็วและค่าธรรมเนียมถูกกว่า - **ทำลายความเชื่อมั่นในบิตคอยน์:** (Market Fragility Hypothesis) ทำให้คนมองว่าบิตคอยน์ไม่น่าเชื่อถือ ช้า และ แพง ส่งผลให้ราคาบิตคอยน์ร่วงลง - **จุดชนวนความขัดแย้ง:** นักขุดคนอื่นๆ ที่ทำตามกฎ อาจไม่พอใจและรวมหัวกันลงโทษเจ้าพ่อ เช่น ไม่ยอมรับบล็อกที่กั๊กไว้ หรือแบนเจ้าพ่อออกจาก Mining Pool Block Withholding เกิดขึ้นได้อย่างไร? - **นักขุดรายใหญ่:** นักขุดที่มีพลังขุดมาก มีอำนาจต่อรองสูงกว่า และมีโอกาสใช้ Block Withholding ได้ผลมากกว่า - **ช่วงที่ธุรกรรมหนาแน่น:** ในช่วงที่ Mempool มีธุรกรรมค้างคามาก นักขุดมีแรงจูงใจในการ Block Withholding มากขึ้น เพราะสามารถเรียกเก็บค่าธรรมเนียมได้แพง - **การสมรู้ร่วมคิด:** นักขุดหลายรายอาจรวมหัวกัน Block Withholding เพื่อควบคุมตลาดและโกยผลประโยชน์ร่วมกัน แล้วจะป้องกัน Block Withholding ได้อย่างไร? - **การกระจายอำนาจ:** ยิ่งมีนักขุดจำนวนมาก และพลังขุดกระจายตัวมากเท่าไหร่ การ Block Withholding ก็จะทำได้ยากขึ้น - **การสร้างแรงจูงใจ:** ออกแบบระบบรางวัลที่ทำให้นักขุดได้รับผลประโยชน์จากการยืนยันธุรกรรมอย่างรวดเร็ว และไม่คุ้มค่ากับการ Block Withholding - **การพัฒนา Layer 2:** เช่น Lightning Network ที่ช่วยลดความแออัดของ Mempool และทำให้ค่าธรรมเนียมถูกลง Block Withholding จึงเป็นเหมือนเกมชักกะเย่อระหว่าง **"ความโลภ"** ของนักขุด กับ **"ความต้องการ"** ของผู้ใช้งาน การรักษาสมดุลและป้องกันไม่ให้บิตคอยน์ตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจของเจ้าพ่อ จึงเป็นสิ่งที่ชุมชนบิตคอยน์ต้องร่วมมือกันอย่างจริงจัง # The Flattening ASIC Cost Curve เมื่อสมรภูมิชิปขุดบิตคอยน์ร้อนระอุ **ASIC** (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) คือชิปประมวลผลพิเศษที่ถูกออกแบบมาเพื่อขุดบิตคอยน์โดยเฉพาะ เหมือนกับอาวุธลับที่ช่วยให้นักขุดสามารถถล่มโจทย์ Proof of Work ได้อย่างรวดเร็ว ในช่วงแรกๆ ของบิตคอยน์ ASIC นั้นมีราคาแพงและหายาก เปรียบเสมือนดาบวิเศษในตำนานที่ใครครอบครองก็จะได้เปรียบเหนือคนอื่น ผู้ผลิต ASIC จึงเปรียบเสมือนพ่อค้าอาวุธที่กอบโกยกำไรมหาศาลจากการขายดาบวิเศษเหล่านี้ แต่เมื่อเวลาผ่านไป.. เทคโนโลยีการผลิต ASIC พัฒนาขึ้น ต้นทุนการผลิตก็ลดลง ผู้เล่นหน้าใหม่ก็กระโดดเข้ามาในตลาด การแข่งขันก็ดุเดือดขึ้น ราคา ASIC ก็ถูกลง กราฟแสดงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างราคา ASIC กับเวลา จึงมีลักษณะลาดลงหรือ **"Flattening"** นี่คือสมรภูมิแห่งชิปขุดบิตคอยน์ที่ร้อนระอุ และผลลัพธ์ของสงครามราคาครั้งนี้ก็ส่งผลดีต่อความมั่นคงของบิตคอยน์ในระยะยาว ทำไมถึงเป็นเช่นนั้น? - **การบงการตลาดทำได้ยากขึ้น:** เมื่อ ASIC มีราคาถูกลง และ หาซื้อง่ายขึ้น การที่คนกลุ่มใดกลุ่มหนึ่ง จะ "กว้านซื้อ" ASIC เพื่อควบคุมพลังขุด และบงการเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์ก็จะทำได้ยากขึ้น - **กระจายอำนาจ:** เมื่อ ASIC มีราคาไม่แพง นักขุดรายย่อยก็สามารถเข้าถึง ASIC ได้ง่ายขึ้น ทำให้พลังขุดกระจายตัวมากขึ้น ลดโอกาสที่คนกลุ่มใดกลุ่มหนึ่งจะผูกขาดพลังขุด - **ลดแรงจูงใจในการโกง:** เมื่อกำไรจากการขุดบิตคอยน์ลดลง นักขุดก็มีแรงจูงใจในการโกงระบบน้อยลง เช่น Selfish Mining หรือ Block Withholding เพราะผลตอบแทนที่ได้รับอาจไม่คุ้มค่ากับความเสี่ยง ปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อ The Flattening ASIC Cost Curve - **Moore’s Law:** กฎของ Moore กล่าวว่า.. ประสิทธิภาพของชิปคอมพิวเตอร์จะเพิ่มขึ้นเป็นสองเท่าทุกๆ 18 เดือน ในขณะที่ราคาลดลง ส่งผลให้ ASIC มีประสิทธิภาพสูงขึ้น แต่ราคาถูกลง - **การแข่งขันในตลาด:** เมื่อมีผู้ผลิต ASIC จำนวนมาก การแข่งขันด้านราคาจะรุนแรงขึ้น ทำให้ราคา ASIC ถูกลง - **ความต้องการของตลาด:** หากราคาบิตคอยน์สูงขึ้น ความต้องการ ASIC ก็จะสูงขึ้นตามไปด้วย ทำให้ผู้ผลิต ASIC มีกำลังใจในการผลิตและพัฒนาเทคโนโลยี The Flattening ASIC Cost Curve จึงเป็นปรากฏการณ์ที่แสดงให้เห็นถึง **"พลังของตลาดเสรี"** ที่จะช่วยควบคุมและรักษาสมดุลของระบบนิเวศบิตคอยน์ อย่างไรก็ตาม.. การที่ราคา ASIC ถูกลงก็ไม่ได้หมายความว่าบิตคอยน์จะปลอดภัยจากการโจมตี 100% นักขุดที่ทุนหนา หรือได้รับการสนับสนุนจากรัฐบาล ยังคงสามารถทุ่มเงินซื้อ ASIC จำนวนมาก เพื่อบงการเครือข่ายได้ ดังนั้น ชุมชนบิตคอยน์ต้องตื่นตัว และคอยเฝ้าระวังภัยคุกคามอยู่เสมอ เพื่อปกป้องบิตคอยน์ให้คงอยู่และเติบโตอย่างยั่งยืน # บิตคอยน์กับเกมเดิมพันอนาคต เมื่อรางวัลบล็อกเหือดหายและค่าธรรมเนียมคือกุญแจ บิตคอยน์นั้นเปรียบเสมือนขุมทรัพย์ที่ถูกออกแบบมาให้มีจำนวนจำกัด และรางวัลบล็อก (Block Reward) คือแรงจูงใจหลักที่ทำให้นักขุดบิตคอยน์ทุ่มเทพลังขุด เพื่อรักษาความปลอดภัยของเครือข่าย แต่.. บิตคอยน์ Protocol ได้กำหนดตารางเวลาในการลด Block Reward ลงครึ่งหนึ่งทุกๆ 4 ปี (Halving) เหมือนกับระเบิดเวลาที่ค่อยๆ บีบรายได้ของนักขุดให้เล็กลงไปเรื่อยๆ ในอนาคต Block Reward จะหมดลงในที่สุด.. นักขุดบิตคอยน์จะต้องพึ่งพา **"ค่าธรรมเนียม" (Transaction Fee)** เป็นแหล่งรายได้หลัก นี่คือจุดเปลี่ยนสำคัญที่อาจส่งผลต่ออนาคตของบิตคอยน์ ### Transaction Fees รายได้ใหม่ของนักขุด Transaction Fee คือ **ค่าธรรมเนียมที่ผู้ใช้บิตคอยน์จ่ายให้กับนักขุด เพื่อเร่งการยืนยันธุรกรรม** ยิ่งมีธุรกรรมมาก และแข่งขันกันมากเท่าไหร่ Transaction Fee ก็จะยิ่งสูงขึ้นเท่านั้น เปรียบเสมือน **"ค่าผ่านทาง"** บนท้องถนน ยิ่งรถเยอะ ค่าผ่านทางก็ยิ่งแพง ความท้าทายเมื่อ Block Reward ลดลง.. - **ความปลอดภัยของเครือข่าย:** ถ้า Transaction Fee ไม่สูงพอ นักขุดอาจขาดทุนและไม่มีแรงจูงใจในการรักษาความปลอดภัยของเครือข่าย ทำให้บิตคอยน์ต้องเสี่ยงต่อการถูกโจมตีจากผู้ไม่หวังดี - **การทำตามกฎ:** นักขุดอาจละทิ้งอุดมการณ์ และหันไปใช้กลยุทธ์โกงๆ เช่น Selfish Mining หรือ Block Withholding เพื่อเพิ่มรายได้ - **การรวมศูนย์อำนาจ:** นักขุดรายย่อยอาจสู้ไม่ไหว และถูกบีบให้ออกไปจากตลาด ทำให้พลังขุดกระจุกตัวอยู่ในมือของนักขุดรายใหญ่ เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการผูกขาด และบงการเครือข่าย นักขุดบิตคอยน์ต้องปรับตัวอย่างไร? - **เข้าร่วม Mining Pool:** รวมพลังกับนักขุดคนอื่นๆ เพื่อเพิ่มโอกาสในการได้รับรางวัล และลดความเสี่ยง - **พัฒนากลยุทธ์:** เลือก Mining Pool ที่มีระบบ Reward ที่น่าสนใจ ปรับแต่งซอฟต์แวร์เพื่อจัดลำดับความสำคัญของธุรกรรมที่มี Transaction Fee สูง - **มองหาโอกาสใหม่:** เช่น การให้บริการ Node Validation บน Layer 2 (Lightning Network) หรือการลงทุนในธุรกิจที่เกี่ยวข้องกับบิตคอยน์ ### อนาคตของบิตคอยน์ขึ้นอยู่กับ Transaction Fee Transaction Fee คือ กุญแจสำคัญที่จะกำหนดอนาคตของบิตคอยน์ - **ถ้า Transaction Fee สูงพอ:** บิตคอยน์จะยังคงเป็นระบบการเงินที่ปลอดภัย น่าเชื่อถือและกระจายอำนาจ - **แต่ถ้า Transaction Fee ต่ำเกินไป:** บิตคอยน์อาจล่มสลายหรือถูกควบคุมโดยคนกลุ่มใดกลุ่มหนึ่ง ชุมชนบิตคอยน์จึงต้องร่วมมือกันเพื่อสร้างระบบนิเวศที่เอื้อต่อการเติบโตของ Transaction Fee เช่น - **ส่งเสริมการใช้งานบิตคอยน์:** ยิ่งมีคนใช้บิตคอยน์มาก Transaction Fee ก็จะยิ่งสูงขึ้น - **พัฒนาเทคโนโลยี:** เช่น Layer 2 (Lightning Network) ที่ช่วยลดความแออัดของเครือข่าย และทำให้ค่าธรรมเนียมถูกลง - **สร้างความเชื่อมั่น:** ให้ความรู้และสร้างความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับบิตคอยน์แก่สาธารณชน เพื่อเพิ่มความเชื่อมั่นและดึงดูดผู้ใช้งานใหม่ บิตคอยน์กำลังก้าวเข้าสู่ยุคใหม่ที่ Transaction Fee จะเป็นตัวกำหนดชะตากรรม ความสำเร็จของบิตคอยน์ขึ้นอยู่กับความร่วมมือ และความพยายามของชุมชน ในการสร้างระบบนิเวศที่ยั่งยืนและเป็นประโยชน์ต่อทุกคน # เมื่ออำนาจเก่าหวั่นไหว ภัยคุกคามบิตคอยน์จากรัฐบาลและองค์กร บิตคอยน์ คือนวัตกรรมที่ท้าทายอำนาจและระบบเดิม การเกิดขึ้นของบิตคอยน์ทำให้รัฐบาล และ องค์กรขนาดใหญ่หวั่นไหว เพราะมันสั่นคลอนเสถียรภาพของระบบการเงิน และอำนาจในการควบคุมที่พวกเขาเคยผูกขาด บิตคอยน์ จึงถูกมองว่าเป็นภัยคุกคามที่ต้องถูกกำจัด ### การโจมตีโดยตรง (Brute-Force Attack) ศึกชิงอำนาจ Hashrate การโจมตีแบบ Brute-Force คือการใช้พลังขุดจำนวนมหาศาล เพื่อยึดครองเครือข่ายบิตคอยน์ เปรียบเสมือนการที่กองทัพบุกตะลุยเข้ายึดเมือง รัฐบาลหรือองค์กร สามารถใช้เงินทุนจำนวนมหาศาล ในการซื้อ ASIC และพลังงาน เพื่อเพิ่ม Hashrate ของตัวเองให้เหนือกว่านักขุดบิตคอยน์คนอื่นๆ (ซึ่งใช้ทุนเยอะ และทำได้ยากมาก) เมื่อ Hashrate ของผู้โจมตีเกิน" 51% พวกเขาจะสามารถ.. - **ควบคุมการยืนยันธุรกรรม:** เลือกที่จะอนุมัติหรือปฏิเสธธุรกรรมตามใจชอบ - **Double-Spend:** ใช้บิตคอยน์ซ้ำสอง ทำให้เกิดความสับสนและสูญเสียความเชื่อมั่นในระบบ - **เปลี่ยนแปลงกฎกติกา:** บังคับให้ Hard Fork ไปสู่กฎใหม่ที่เอื้อประโยชน์ต่อพวกเขา การโจมตีแบบ Brute-Force เป็นภัยคุกคามที่ร้ายแรงที่สุด แต่ก็สิ้นเปลืองและเสี่ยงเช่นกัน.. - **ต้นทุนสูง: **การซื้อ ASIC และพลังงานต้องใช้เงินทุนมหาศาล - **ความเสี่ยงด้านชื่อเสียง:** การโจมตีบิตคอยน์อย่างโจ่งแจ้ง อาจทำให้เสียชื่อเสียง และถูกต่อต้านจากชุมชนบิตคอยน์ ### การบิดเบือนข้อมูล (FUD) สงครามจิตวิทยา FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt) คือ สงครามจิตวิทยา ที่ใช้ข้อมูลเป็นอาวุธในการทำลายความเชื่อมั่นในบิตคอยน์ รัฐบาลและองค์กรสามารถใช้สื่อ และช่องทางต่างๆ ในการ.. - **สร้างข่าวลือ:** เช่น บิตคอยน์กำลังจะล่มสลาย (บิตคอยน์ตายแล้ว) หรือบิตคอยน์ถูกใช้ในการฟอกเงิน - **ปล่อยข่าวปลอม:** เช่น บิตคอยน์ถูกแฮ็ก หรือบิตคอยน์ไม่ปลอดภัย - **โจมตีบุคคลสำคัญ:** เช่น กล่าวหา Satoshi Nakamoto ว่าเป็นอาชญากร หรือกล่าวหาผู้สนับสนุนบิตคอยน์ว่าเป็นพวกต่อต้านรัฐบาล FUD อาจไม่รุนแรงเท่า Brute-Force Attack แต่ก็อันตรายไม่แพ้กัน เพราะสามารถ.. - **ลดความต้องการบิตคอยน์:** ทำให้ราคาบิตคอยน์ร่วงลง - **ขัดขวางการใช้งานบิตคอยน์:** ทำให้คนกลัวและไม่กล้าใช้บิตคอยน์ - **บั่นทอนความเชื่อมั่นในบิตคอยน์:** ทำให้คนลังเล และไม่มั่นใจในอนาคตของบิตคอยน์ ### การออกกฎหมายควบคุม กำแพงกั้นบิตคอยน์ รัฐบาลสามารถใช้กฎหมายเป็นเครื่องมือในการควบคุม และจำกัดการใช้งานบิตคอยน์ เช่น - **ห้ามซื้อขายบิตคอยน์:** ทำให้การซื้อขายบิตคอยน์เป็นเรื่องผิดกฎหมาย - **ควบคุมการแลกเปลี่ยนบิตคอยน์:** เช่น กำหนดให้ Exchange ต้องขอใบอนุญาต และปฏิบัติตามกฎ KYC/AML - **เก็บภาษีบิตคอยน์:** ทำให้การถือครอง และการซื้อขายบิตคอยน์มีต้นทุนสูงขึ้น กฎหมาย เป็นกำแพงที่แข็งแกร่ง ที่สามารถขัดขวางการเติบโตของบิตคอยน์ได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ บิตคอยน์ จึงเป็นมากกว่าเงินดิจิทัล มันคือสัญลักษณ์ของอิสรภาพทางการเงินและการต่อต้านอำนาจ การต่อสู้ระหว่างบิตคอยน์กับอำนาจเก่า จึงเป็นสงครามที่ดุเดือดและไม่มีวันสิ้นสุด ชุมชนบิตคอยน์ต้องตื่นตัว เฝ้าระวัง และ ต่อสู้เพื่อปกป้องอุดมการณ์ของบิตคอยน์ให้คงอยู่ และเติบโตอย่างยั่งยืน # Hyperbitcoinization ยูโทเปียแห่งเสรีภาพหรือดิสโทเปียแห่งการผูกขาด? "Hyperbitcoinization" คือคำที่ใช้อธิบายถึงสถานการณ์สมมติที่บิตคอยน์กลายเป็น **"สกุลเงินหลักของโลก"** แทนที่สกุลเงิน fiat ที่เราใช้กันอยู่ในปัจจุบัน สำหรับสาวกบิตคอยน์ นี่คือฝันหวานที่โลกจะหลุดพ้นจากพันธนาการของรัฐบาลและธนาคารกลาง ที่คอยบงการค่าเงิน และควบคุมระบบเศรษฐกิจ แต่สำหรับผู้ที่มองบิตคอยน์ในแง่ลบ นี่คือฝันร้ายที่อาจนำไปสู่หายนะทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคม ### Hyperbitconization สองด้านของเหรียญ ด้านสว่าง ยูโทเปียแห่งเสรีภาพ - **อิสรภาพทางการเงิน:** ทุกคนมีอำนาจในการควบคุมเงินของตัวเองโดยไม่ต้องพึ่งพาคนกลาง เช่น ธนาคารหรือรัฐบาล - **ความโปร่งใส:** ธุรกรรมบิตคอยน์ถูกบันทึกไว้บน Blockchain ที่เปิดเผยและตรวจสอบได้ ลดปัญหาคอรัปชั่นและการควบคุมแทรกแซง - **การเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงิน:** ทุกคนสามารถเข้าถึงบริการทางการเงินได้ แม้แต่คนที่ไม่มีบัญชีธนาคาร - **ลดต้นทุน:** ค่าธรรมเนียมบิตคอยน์มักจะต่ำกว่าค่าธรรมเนียมของระบบการเงินแบบดั้งเดิม ด้านมืด ดิสโทเปียแห่งการผูกขาด **ความผันผวน:** ราคาบิตคอยน์มีความผันผวนสูง ทำให้ยากต่อการใช้เป็นหน่วยวัดมูลค่าและสื่อกลางในการแลกเปลี่ยน (ด้วยเหตุนี้จึงมีพัฒนาเกิดขึ้นบน Layer 2) - **ความเหลื่อมล้ำ:** คนที่ถือครองบิตคอยน์จำนวนมาก จะมีอำนาจและอิทธิพลเหนือระบบเศรษฐกิจ - **การควบคุมโดยกลุ่มคนหรือองค์กร:** บิตคอยน์อาจถูกครอบงำโดย Mining Pool ขนาดใหญ่ หรือกลุ่มคนที่สมรู้ร่วมคิดกัน - **ความเสี่ยงด้านความปลอดภัย:** บิตคอยน์อาจเสี่ยงต่อการถูกแฮ็ก หรือโจมตีจากผู้ไม่หวังดี Hyperbitcoinization จะเป็นจริงได้อย่างไร? - **การยอมรับอย่างกว้างขวาง:** บิตคอยน์ต้องได้รับการยอมรับจากคนส่วนใหญ่ ทั้งในฐานะสื่อกลางในการแลกเปลี่ยนและหน่วยเก็บมูลค่า - **โครงสร้างพื้นฐานที่แข็งแกร่ง:** ต้องมีระบบและบริการที่รองรับการใช้งานบิตคอยน์อย่างสะดวกและปลอดภัย - **กฎหมายและกฎระเบียบที่เอื้ออำนวย:** รัฐบาลควรสนับสนุนหรืออย่างน้อยก็ไม่ขัดขวางการใช้งานบิตคอยน์ ความเป็นไปได้ของ Hyperbitcoinization ความเป็นไปได้ที่ Hyperbitcoinization จะเกิดขึ้นจริงยังคงเป็นที่ถกเถียงกันอยู่ - **ฝ่ายสนับสนุน:** เชื่อว่าบิตคอยน์มีศักยภาพ ในการปฏิวัติระบบการเงิน และนำไปสู่โลกที่ดีกว่า - **ฝ่ายคัดค้าน:** มองว่าบิตคอยน์เป็นฟองสบู่ที่รอวันแตก และไม่สามารถทดแทนสกุลเงิน fiat ได้ Hyperbitcoinization เป็นอนาคตที่ไม่แน่นอน มันอาจเป็นทั้งฝันหวานและฝันร้าย ขึ้นอยู่กับว่าเราจะกำหนดและจัดการมันอย่างไร สิ่งสำคัญคือการศึกษาทำความเข้าใจ และเตรียมพร้อมสำหรับทุกความเป็นไปได้ เพื่อให้เราสามารถรับมือกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่กำลังจะเกิดขึ้นได้ บิตคอยน์ถือกำเนิดขึ้นมาเพียง 14 ปี แต่ได้เขย่าโลกและท้าทายระบบการเงินแบบดั้งเดิมอย่างที่ไม่เคยมีมาก่อน การเดินทางของบิตคอยน์ จึงเปรียบเสมือนมหากาพย์ที่เต็มไปด้วยการต่อสู้ การชิงไหวชิงพริบและความไม่แน่นอน ไม่มีใครสามารถทำนายอนาคตของบิตคอยน์ ได้อย่างแม่นยำ แต่เราสามารถวิเคราะห์และทำความเข้าใจปัจจัยต่างๆ ที่จะกำหนดทิศทางของมันได้ การเดินทางนี้ช่างน่าตื่นเต้นและเต็มไปด้วยความเป็นไปได้ เราทุกคนมีส่วนร่วมในการกำหนดอนาคตของบิตคอยน์ ด้วยการศึกษาทำความเข้าใจและตัดสินใจอย่างชาญฉลาด..

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

I dOn'T cAre ABouT pRivAcY. IT dOEsN'T maTtER. i'M nOT dOiNg AnyThiNg wRonG. #GHOSTn Your phone is spying on you. Your apps are spying on you. Your websites, search engine, fitness tracker, smart watch, IoT device, EVERYTHING is collecting anything it can and sending it off to be stored, cross referenced, and sold. Data is the new oil. So what? I don't care if Google knows I like motorcycles. By itself one data point isn't a big deal but once you start bringing everything together... Who are you talking to? When and how long did you talk to them? Where did you go? How often do you go there? On and on the profile starts to become overwhelmingly invasive. Right now it is extremely cheap and easy to collect and store the data but it's hard and expensive to cross reference and tabulate the data down to the individual. But in the extremely near future using AI and faster processers, data profiles for sale go from white men between 25 - 30, with this education level, and background like XYZ to -> John loves motorcycls and steak. Suddenly your insurance premiums are way higher than your friends because you partake in dangerous activities and eat too much red meat. You get denied that loan because you invest in risky assets and it raises your risk factors to pay it back. That job that you applied to never responded because they already ran you through the algorithm and you don't fit the culture. Protect your data and privacy now before its too late. #privacy

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

Testing articles on Yakkihonne

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

This post was inspired by listening to a video by Jimmy Evans on his [Tipping Point Prophecy Update Substack](https://endtimes.substack.com/p/faith-perspective) There are many things in our lives that seem like giants. They may be people that influence us. They may be people who are opponents in some way. It may be circumstances or events. These things have gigantic influence on us or overwhelm us. What should our response be to giants in our life? Let’s look at two events and how different people responded to the giants in their life. ## David & Goliath Of course, when we think of giants, most of us think about Goliath first. Most of us know the basics of the story, but let’s look at the details in the Bible to see what we can learn from them. > Then a champion came out from the armies of the Philistines named Goliath, from Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. He had a bronze helmet on his head, and he was clothed with scale-armor which weighed five thousand shekels of bronze. He also had bronze greaves on his legs and a bronze javelin slung between his shoulders. The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and the head of his spear weighed six hundred shekels of iron; his shield-carrier also walked before him. He stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel and said to them, “Why do you come out to draw up in battle array? Am I not the Philistine and you servants of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves and let him come down to me. If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will become your servants; but if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall become our servants and serve us.” (1 Samuel 17:4-9) The Bible says Goliath’s “*height was six cubits and a span*.” If we take a cubit as 18 inches and a span as 6”, that makes him 9 foot 6 inches tall. That is a tall and intimidating man. He was also strong. His armor weighed about 125 lbs. When the Israeli army heard this challenge, not one soldier volunteered to face Goliath. Not one believed they could win a fight with Goliath. > When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid. (1 Samuel 17:11) Ironically, the one and only person who was willing to face off with this giant of a soldier, was a lad (probably a teenager). > Then David spoke to the men who were standing by him, saying, “What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should taunt the armies of the living God?” (1 Samuel 17:26) Why was David willing to fight this giant soldier? Was this the bravado or foolishness of youth? No. What does David say? “For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should taunt the armies of the living God?” David was unafraid because he trusted God. He knew the battle was the Lord’s. He knew that God had promised to protect and guide Israel (the circumcised) against the Canaanites (the uncircumcised). He knew that God would defend His honor. David knew he didn’t have to fight the fight alone. He relied on God. > David said to Saul, “Let no man’s heart fail on account of him; your servant will go and fight with this Philistine.” Then Saul said to David, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for you are but a youth while he has been a warrior from his youth.” But David said to Saul, “Your servant was tending his father’s sheep. When a lion or a bear came and took a lamb from the flock, I went out after him and attacked him, and rescued it from his mouth; and when he rose up against me, I seized him by his beard and struck him and killed him. Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; and this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, since he has taunted the armies of the living God.” And David said, “The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear, He will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “Go, and may the Lord be with you.” (1 Samuel 17:32-37) David once again spoke knowing God had promised Israel’s victory over the uncircumcised Philistines. He also knew God would not allow His name to be taunted. David had spent his whole life depending on God in difficult situations and knew that God would be with him in this battle, just like his battles with a bear and a lion. Experience had taught him that God always fulfilled his promises and always won against those who did not believe in Him. David did not let the taunting of an unfaithful giant intimidate him and he didn’t let the scorn of the King intimidate him. He kept his eyes on God and trusted in Him alone. > Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword, a spear, and a javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have taunted. This day the Lord will deliver you up into my hands, and I will strike you down and remove your head from you. And I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines this day to the birds of the sky and the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, and that all this assembly may know that the Lord does not deliver by sword or by spear; for the battle is the Lord’s and He will give you into our hands.” (1 Samuel 17:45-47) David did not just silently trust God. He publicly proclaimed his trust in the “*Lord of Hosts*.” He spoke up to let the Israelite army and the Philistine army know that it was God that was fighting for Israel and it was God who would win the battle despite the seeming obvious advantage Goliath had over David. There is a reason David was called “*a man after God’s own heart*.” He trusted in the strength of God instead of his own strength. He knew that God was bigger than any giant. He didn’t try to win in his own strength or wisdom. He relied 100% on God. We should do the same. ### Spy out the Land of Canaan There is another time that the Bible talks about the Israelites facing giants. This is when the Israelites were led from bondage in Egypt to the promised land. When they arrived God tested the Israelites to see if they would put their trust in Him or if they would rely on themselves alone. > Then the Lord spoke to Moses saying, “Send out for yourself men so that they may spy out the land of Canaan, which I am going to give to the sons of Israel; you shall send a man from each of their fathers’ tribes, every one a leader among them.” (Numbers 13:1-2) God didn’t need the Israelites to check things out. He knew the situation and He knew what He would do. This was a test, to see if they would finally put their faith in Him after all of the miracles that He had done for them. > See what the land is like, and whether the people who live in it are strong or weak, whether they are few or many. How is the land in which they live, is it good or bad? And how are the cities in which they live, are they like open camps or with fortifications? (Numbers 13:18-19) The Israelites were shown both the blessings God had offered to them if they put their faith in Him and the challenges they must face through God’s power. > When they returned from spying out the land, at the end of forty days, they proceeded to come to Moses and Aaron and to all the congregation of the sons of Israel in the wilderness of Paran, at Kadesh; and they brought back word to them and to all the congregation and showed them the fruit of the land. Thus they told him, and said, “We went in to the land where you sent us; and it certainly does flow with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. Nevertheless, the people who live in the land are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large; and moreover, we saw the descendants of Anak there. (Numbers 13:25-28) Unfortunately, although most of the leaders saw the blessing, they were terrified by the challenges. They rightly knew they couldn’t conquer Canaan on their own, but they wrongly failed to trust in God’s promise to provide the land to them. Despite all of the blessings and miracles that God had shown them, they failed to put their trust in Him. > Then Caleb quieted the people before Moses and said, “We should by all means go up and take possession of it, for we will surely overcome it.” (Numbers 13:30) There were two men, however, who trusted in God’s power and His promises. Caleb and Joshua trusted God’s promises and looked at the blessings God had promised them and saw them as being as already received because of God’s promise. They knew they didn’t have to conquer Canaan on their own. They knew they could trust God to accomplish what He had promised. > But the men who had gone up with him said, “We are not able to go up against the people, for they are too strong for us.” So they gave out to the sons of Israel a bad report of the land which they had spied out, saying, “The land through which we have gone, in spying it out, is a land that devours its inhabitants; and all the people whom we saw in it are men of great size. There also we saw the Nephilim (the sons of Anak are part of the Nephilim); and we became like grasshoppers in our own sight, and so we were in their sight.” (Numbers 13:31-33) The rest of the leaders saw the Nephilim (giants) as bigger than God and therefore the land as unconquerable. Who do you see as bigger? Do you truly see the awesome power of God and His ability to do anything He wishes? Do you trust God to keep all of His promises? > Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, of those who had spied out the land, tore their clothes; and they spoke to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, saying, “The land which we passed through to spy out is an exceedingly good land. If the Lord is pleased with us, then He will bring us into this land and give it to us—a land which flows with milk and honey. Only do not rebel against the Lord; and do not fear the people of the land, for they will be our prey. Their protection has been removed from them, and the Lord is with us; do not fear them.” (Numbers 14:6-9) Joshua and Caleb not only trusted God, they defended His honor. They tore their clothes in remorse at their fellow Israelites not having faith in God. They begged their fellow Israelites not to “ *rebel against the Lord*.” They advised their fellow Israelites that “*the Lord is with us; do not fear them*.” They not only walked in faith, but also encouraged others to do the same. ### What Are Your Giants? In these two examples, people were dealing with real, live giants, but there are many giants in our lives. Is your giant persecution for your faith? Is your giant health problems for you or your loved ones? Is your giant loneliness? Is your giant financial problems? Whatever giant you are facing, God is bigger; God is smarter; and God is stronger. With God on your side, you don’t need to fear anything or anyone. You can trust His promises. You can trust His plans. You can trust that everything will work out in the end. There may be things in your life that you can’t handle, but there is nothing that the God and Creator of the universe can’t handle. If you put your faith in Him, then nothing can overcome you. Trust Jesus. In everything trust Jesus. He will never let you down. Trust Jesus. your sister in Christ, Christy Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated

@ 6c2d68ba:846525ec

Dear friend, it seems like you have decided to turn your back on those walled gardens and set sails to enter uncharted territory. A world without walls, an open world, a world of beautiful chaos. At least for today, I don't intend guiding you out of the safe harbour onto the open, endless sea. Today, my only intent is sharing a few thoughts, before you depart. As a wise man on Madeira once said, it's not so much about having the right answers, it's about asking the right questions. While I'm not certain whether I have found the right questions myself by now, let me share the current set with you: * What causes the discomfort that drives you out of the walled garden onto the open sea? * Are you trying to transfer from one walled garden to the next one, where the difference being a slightly friendlier colour on the wall? * What are you hoping to find on the open sea that walled gardens cannot provide? * What are you willing to sacrifice for freedom (of speech)? * What will you need to keep the ship afloat? * How will you react when you find yourself in the middle of a storm? I sincerely believe that it's worthwile taking a step back before departing to reflect on the big picture and the underlying paradigm shift between walled gardens and nostr. This is not about building competitors to broken systems, this is not about mimicking centralised services, this is not about repeating the same mistakes over and over. This is about building a new world, an open world without walled gardens and data silos. Onwards!

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

I’ve mentioned multiple times that I feel our time left is short and that the rapture and the tribulation are coming soon. I feel it with every ounce of my being. I see it in the rush to evil around us. I see Biblical prophecy coming to fulfillment and technologies that could not be fathomed 2,000 years ago coming into being in a way that will make prophecy possible. The question is, what do we do with the time left to us? ## Don’t Be a Foolish Virgin Matthew gives an analogy of believers waiting for Christs return: > *“Then the kingdom of heaven will be comparable to ten virgins, who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish, and five were prudent. For when the foolish took their lamps, they took no oil with them, but the prudent took oil in flasks along with their lamps. Now **while the bridegroom was delaying, they all got drowsy and began to sleep**. But at midnight there was a shout, ‘Behold, the bridegroom! Come out to meet him.’ Then all those virgins rose and trimmed their lamps. The foolish said to the prudent, ‘Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.’ But the prudent answered, ‘No, there will not be enough for us and you too; go instead to the dealers and buy some for yourselves.’ And while they were going away to make the purchase, the bridegroom came, and **those who were ready went in with him to the wedding feast**; and the door was shut. 11Later the other virgins also came, saying, ‘Lord, lord, open up for us.’ But he answered, ‘Truly I say to you, I do not know you.’ **Be on the alert then, for you do not know the day nor the hour**.* (Matthew 25:1-13) {emphasis mine} Christians have been waiting for around 2,000 years for Christ’s return. It is easy to get drowsy and begin to sleep due to the delay to His return, but we are called to be ready. “*You too, be ready; for the Son of Man is coming at an hour that you do not expect.*” (Luke 12:40) Our wait may be long or short, but we are supposed to live our lives like he will arrive today. We don’t want to miss out on joining Him at His return, but we also don’t want to have to face Him knowing that we were not focused on what He had called us to do. We don’t want to admit that we didn’t share the gospel to that friend, that we didn’t stand up for the truth when the crowd was speaking contrary to the word of God, or that we acted in an unloving way to fellow believers or to the lost. The Bible clearly tells us that we “*do not know the day nor the hour*,” but that doesn’t mean that He has not given us signs that the time is short. ## What Should We Be Doing? If Jesus is coming soon, how should we spend our time? What should we be doing? Should we just sit back and wait? > > *For even when we were with you, we used to give you this order: if anyone is not willing to work, then he is not to eat, either. For we hear that some among you are leading an undisciplined life, doing no work at all, but acting like busybodies. Now such persons we command and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ to work in quiet fashion and eat their own bread. But as for you, brethren, do not grow weary of doing good.* (2 Thessalonians 3:10-13) The Bible is clear that we should work. This not only means that we should not quit our jobs, but should continue working as we have been doing, but it also means we should put time and effort into kingdom work.** God has given each one of us a purpose and a job to do. We should study His word and pray and keep our eyes open so we don’t miss out on what He intends as our purpose. Another analogy is given in Matthew: > > “*For it is just like a man about to go on a journey, who called his own slaves and entrusted his possessions to them. To one he gave five talents, to another, two, and to another, one, each according to his own ability; and he went on his journey. Immediately the one who had received the five talents went and traded with them, and gained five more talents. In the same manner the one who had received the two talents gained two more. But he who received the one talent went away, and dug a hole in the ground and hid his master’s money.* *> *“Now after a long time the master of those slaves \*came and \*settled accounts with them. The one who had received the five talents came up and brought five more talents, saying, ‘Master, you entrusted five talents to me. See, I have gained five more talents.’ His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave. You were faithful with a few things, I will put you in charge of many things; enter into the joy of your master.’* *> *“Also the one who had received the two talents came up and said, ‘Master, you entrusted two talents to me. See, I have gained two more talents.’ His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave. You were faithful with a few things, I will put you in charge of many things; enter into the joy of your master.’* > > *“And the one also who had received the one talent came up and said, ‘Master, I knew you to be a hard man, reaping where you did not sow and gathering where you scattered no seed. And I was afraid, and went away and hid your talent in the ground. See, you have what is yours.’* > > *“But his master answered and said to him, ‘You wicked, lazy slave, you knew that I reap where I did not sow and gather where I scattered no seed. Then you ought to have put my money in the bank, and on my arrival I would have received my money back with interest. Therefore take away the talent from him, and give it to the one who has the ten talents.’* *> *“For to everyone who has, more shall be given, and he will have an abundance; but from the one who does not have, even what he does have shall be taken away. Throw out the worthless slave into the outer darkness; in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth*. (Matthew 25:14-29) God has given each of us different skills, gifts, and opportunities. He wants us to make the most of them. If God gave you skill in business, you can use your wealth to fund ministries, churches, and missionaries. If God has gifted you with the ability to teach, you can disciple many to grow in their faith and knowledge of God. If God has brought you into a relationship with someone influential, you can share the Gospel with them and be used to draw them into saving faith in Jesus. Whatever skills, gifts, and opportunities God has given to you, you need to make the most of them. You need to grow and make the most of what God has given you. ## What is the Best Use of Our Time and Money? God wants us to shine a light for Him. He wants us to make a difference. There are many ways to do this and we can’t do them all. We have to pick and chose what is God’s will and what will make the best use of what God has given us. There are lots of good things we can do, but what is the best? I used to focus on prepping to be able to provide for my family and others if times get bad. That was good, but was it best? I used to grow a garden and grow healthy food. That was good, but was it the best? I used to be highly involved in politics and worked hard to support and elect godly men and women into government positions where they could have a positive influence on our culture and our country. That was good, but was it the best? > > *According to the grace of God which was given to me, like a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building on it. But each man must be careful how he builds on it. For **no man can lay a foundation other than the one which is laid, which is Jesus Christ**. Now if any man builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw, each man’s work will become evident; for the day will show it because it is to be revealed with fire, and **the fire itself will test the quality of each man’s work**. If any man’s work which he has built on it remains, he will receive a reward. If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself will be saved, yet so as through fire*. (1 Corinthians 3:10-15) {emphasis mine} The best way to judge which actions are best is to see which actions have an eternal influence and to look and see what God is doing and to join His work. The difference between gold & silver versus wood, hay, and straw is the gold & silver can survive fire. Whether something is good or best depends on whether the action makes a difference in eternity.** Providing for my family and friend’s physical needs and health is good, but it doesn’t make an eternal difference. Electing Godly officials makes life here on Earth better, but does it actually make a difference eternally? Probably not. What does make a difference? Sharing the Gospel with others makes an eternal difference. Standing up for the truth, especially the spiritual truths from the Bible, makes an eternal difference. Writing a book or a blog sharing the truths of the Bible and Jesus makes an eternal difference. I’ve tried to focus my time on this type of activity more than the former. I don’t want one soul to go to Hell because I was too busy to share the Gospel. I don’t want one Christian to regret their life on Earth because I was too busy to disciple them. I don’t want to be like the man who received the single talent and buried it in the ground, who, when facing his master, was told, “*You wicked, lazy slave.*” ## What Is Most Important? > > *“Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But **store up for yourselves treasures in heaven**, where neither moth nor rust destroys, and where thieves do not break in or steal; for where your treasure is, there your heart will be also*. (Matthew 6:19-21) {emphasis mine} What are the most important things in our lives? The most important things are people. - Some people in our lives have never heard about Jesus. We need to share the gospel with them. - Some people in our lives are hurting and need to be helped and encouraged and taught to trust in Jesus. - Some people in our lives are new Christians or just immature Christians, who have trusted in Jesus, but haven’t grown much since salvation. We need to teach and disciple them to grow in their understanding of God and who He is. We need to build up their faith. We need to encourage them to study the Bible. - Some people in our lives know God and His word, but are unsure how to live out their faith and share it with others. We need to encourage them and train them, so they can multiply their faith among others in their lives. What are you doing to make an eternal difference in service to our Lord Jesus Christ? Are you one of the lazy, unprepared virgins? Are you hiding the gifts God gave you in the ground or shining a light that can be seen by everyone around you? Are you so busy doing good, that you don’t see God’s best? Are you excited about meeting Jesus in the air at the rapture of the Church? I am! I hope you are, too. Trust Jesus.\ \ your sister in Christ, Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated

@ 81e5cb66:17c315fa

In a world full of uncertainty and change, many people are looking for answers and spiritual guidance. One fascinating perspective on this search is offered by Edgar Cayce, the famous American psychic whose visions and predictions are still debated today. In this article, we take a look at Cayce's interpretation of the ‘second coming of Christ’ and what it might mean for our modern world. Cayce, often referred to as the ‘sleeping prophet’, was known for his far-reaching prophecies that went far beyond religious themes. One of his most remarkable visions concerned the lost continent of Atlantis. Cayce claimed that Atlantis was a highly developed civilisation that perished thousands of years ago. He prophesied that remains of this culture would one day be rediscovered, which could revolutionise our understanding of human history. #### Closely linked to his Atlantis visions was Cayce's prediction about the discovery of the Hall of Records. This mysterious place, which Cayce believed to be under the Great Sphinx of Giza, was said to contain comprehensive records of human history and spiritual knowledge. According to Cayce, the discovery of this hall would lead to a deeper understanding of our spiritual heritage and could pave the way for the spiritual renewal he predicted.\ \ **A new view of the second coming** Unlike traditional Christian teachings, Cayce saw the second coming of Christ not as a physical event, but as a spiritual awakening. This profound transformation of human consciousness, according to Cayce, would take place in the 21st century, a time of global upheaval and chaos. #### **The awakening of Christ consciousness** #### Cayce spoke of a ‘Christ Consciousness’ - a state of deep love, compassion and unity that would unite people of all faiths and backgrounds. This spiritual awakening transcends religious boundaries and unites humanity in a common awakening.\ \ **A new world order of unity** With this spiritual transformation, Cayce foresaw the emergence of a new world order based on co-operation, equality and an understanding of our interconnectedness. Cayce describes this vision of a renewed earth, as mentioned in the Book of Revelation, as a birthing process - the emergence of a new paradigm rooted in spiritual wisdom and deep reverence for all life. #### **The path to personal transformation** Cayce emphasised that this transformation takes place on both a personal and global level. Each individual goes through a unique process of spiritual growth. This inner journey involves shedding old thought patterns and embracing a new way of being based on unity, compassion and spiritual understanding. #### **The importance of the individual** Interestingly, Cayce believed that the timing and manifestation of this second coming depended on the collective decisions and actions of humanity. He encouraged people to focus on their own spiritual preparation and to be open to inner guidance and intuition. #### **A call to action** #### Cayce's message is clear: the second coming of Christ is not a passive expectation, but an active spiritual practice. He calls us to submit to Christ's guidance and will with the same diligence with which we seek answers.\ \ **Conclusion** Edgar Cayce's vision of the second coming of Christ offers an inspiring perspective on spiritual growth and global transformation. It encourages us to think beyond traditional religious concepts and recognise our own divine nature. In a time of great challenge and change, this vision can serve as a source of hope and inspiration, spurring us on to personal growth and collective progress.

@ cc05487a:8eddd6a8

*Note: Sharing this here because as a drone pilot I have mixed feelings about this. While I feel bad for these people who have used this area for 30 years, The Academy for Model Aeronautics was ASLO supposed to represent drone flyers and hobbyists. But to save their own hobby from the same legislation that now impedes drone hobbyists they threw all members who were drone operators in the club pretty much under the bus given we were a minority. So this - for me - is karmic justice.* Flaming Geyser State Park has become a no-fly zone for a three-decade-old RC plane club. On April 29, the Flaming Geyser Flyers received an official letter from the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission informing them that their use of a flight field will be terminated in March of next year. The letter states that State Parks’ decision is based on “concerns of safety and availability to the general public field” as well as to “avoid destruction or disrespect of Tribal burial grounds in and near the field.” However, Flaming Geyser Flyers President Damian Floth and club founder Al Pardta said State Parks’ decision has little basis in the concerns outlined in the letter. “I’m just very saddened, and the sad part is I don’t know why we’re losing it,” Pardta, who says he visits the park every day, said in a recent interview. “… Safety is our number one concern out there.” “It’s disappointing,” Floth said. “It hinges on unfair.” But State Parks says it has gathered multiple reports of park visitors feeling unsafe around the flight field, plus noise complaints, incidents with wildlife, and one notable incident where an off-duty state patrol lieutenant felt threatened by a pilot. While Floth has said there has been little communication with the department about terminating the agreement, State Parks said there were two meetings — one in March 2023, and another in November that year — where they informed the Flyers that they did not intend to renew the agreement. Floth holds that is “absolutely not true”. Floth said that while the Flyers is pushing back against State Parks’ allegations of unsafe flying, the club is not trying to change the department’s mind about ending the park use agreement. “We’re not looking to stay,” he continued. “All we’re looking to do is preserve our legacy, that we have been safe.” **SOME HISTORY** The Flyers club was formed about 31 years ago by Padrta, who used his own equipment to cut a runway at the park to fly his radio-controlled (RC) plane. More pilots began joining Pardta at the state park, and around 1999, the club and its members became official Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) members. According to Floth — who was the club’s vice president in 2023 and is currently president — this means the club has to adhere to a national standard for RC airfields and all club pilots need to be pass an AMA written and practical flight test. Members and the club as a whole have to pay dues to the AMA, but on the flip side, receive personal liability insurance. There are currently just over 100 members of the Flyers, but over the years, Floth said there’s been a total of about 350 members. The club officially entered into an agreement with the State Parks in 2000. According to the revised 2023 agreement, State Parks provides the field, located at the northwest corner portion of the park, and will allow flights at agreed-upon times; in return, the Flyers must keep their insurance and radio licenses up to date, conduct educational demonstrations for the public, maintain the grounds, and respect public access, among other rules. “The state leveled the land, they put in a bathroom, but everything else… supplied for through donations,” and built by volunteers, Floth said. “Our club actually improved the area, with very little help from the state.” Floth added that the club is also an extra pair of eyes for park rangers, which is not a part of the agreement they have with State Parks. “There’s been many times I’ve picked up the phone… and let them know something’s happened,” like visitors lighting fires or drinking alcohol, Floth said. **SAFETY ISSUES** **Threats and injuries** According to Floth, the club has had very few incidents that involved injury or the threat of injury of people. Mostly, he said, it’s planes crashing into trees, and even those are few and far in-between, given the training club pilots are required to undergo. “We’re maybe kissing double digits,” of crash incidents in the last four years, he continued, adding that this is impressive given the number of people flying with the club, and that there are planes flying at the field every day of the week “as long as there isn’t something coming down from the sky.” These incidents don’t include complaints about noise or access to the field by non-members; those complaints are not shared with the Flyers club. It appears that a 2022 incident spurred increased scrutiny from State Parks; Floth described it as one of the clubs’ most “egregious” violations of its agreement with the state. According to the the State Parks report, two women were training dog for search and rescue near, but not on, the flying field. One pilot told them to leave, and the women told him the dog was working and they could not stop. At that point, the pilot flew his helicopter very close to them and the dog. According to Floth, the pilot was not being aggressive. However, the pilot was found to be at fault, fined by the state, and banned from the park. His club membership was also revoked. The Flyers’ management plan clearly states the public can access the field at any time. “If somebody comes on the field, our membership is instructed to land their aircraft,” Floth said. “I’ve never encountered anybody who says, ‘I’m going to be out here anyway’… they end up leaving the field.” “Since that incident, rangers have been much more sensitive” about potential safety incidents with the club, which includes tree crashes, Floth said. He said when there is a crash, members have to fill out an incident report and submit it to the state. As for the planes themselves, Floth said the planes club members fly are, in general, electric powered, and all the planes’ bodies of the planes are foam. They can have up to 40-inch wingspans and weigh between two to ten pounds, but the larger aircraft are generally flown by more experienced pilots. “These are not super high-powered, they’re not super large, they’re not super dangerous aircraft,” he said. “The chances of getting hurt… are extremely low. We’ve never had any incident with Joe Public.” In his 30 years, Pardta could only recall one injury in the 2000s, when a pilot lost control of his plane during takeoff and hit another pilot’s daughter, causing a severe ear injury. **Noise and collisions** State Parks confirmed that since the 2022 incident, there have been no similar incident reports filed with park rangers. But since 2018, there have been eight self-reported flying violations; six occurred in 2024, State Parks said, adding that tree crashes make park visitors feel unsafe. “The self-reported violations include crash landings on neighbor properties and tree collisions and/or entrapments (the plane remained stuck in the tree) along the park’s trail system, which is frequented by other park visitors,” PIO Sarah Parks said in an email interview. “… Safety does not only mean in reference to collisions with people. Safety includes the ability to maintain full control of the RC aircraft, particularly because the field is in a public park where other visitors are using trails, accessing the river or hanging out around the field.” The trail area loops around the flying field. But Floth pointed out that four of those six crashes happened between April 29, when the termination letter was signed, and July 7, when he received the letter via email, which tells him again that safety is not the real issue why State Parks is no longer partnering with the Flyers. The number of crashes have increased this last year because RC plane technology has become more accessible and people discovered they enjoyed flying RC planes during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading them to the club, Floth said. This has led to an influx of new pilots that, while AMA certified, are new to the hobby and have less control of their planes than more experienced pilots. In addition to tree crashes, there are two recorded incidents of a plane crashing onto private property. In 2008, State Parks received a complaint of a pilot, despite warnings about trespassing, retrieved their plane from the private property. State Parks said another private property crash was made on Feb. 28. While Floth said these are the only two incidents of this kind, State Parks said “numerous undocumented complaints from neighbors over the years alleging this happens often.” Finally, there are noise complaints from neighbors and park visitors, but Floth said all their planes meet their agreement’s stipulation to stay under a 89 decibel limit, adding that most of the planes are electric and make little to no noise. **Wildlife** In addition to reported incidents regarding the safety of people, State Parks said the Flyers’ activities have also interfered with wildlife. According to the department, a ranger personally witnessed planes interfering with four bald eagles flying around the airfield in 2023; this led to the club’s rules being amended to include that all planes bust be grounded when birds of prey are active in the flying area. Floth said there are birds that fly into the area, “But the truth is, for the vast majority of our time I’ve been out there, birds stay away from our aircraft.” **SEARCHING FOR A NEW FIELD** As the Flaming Geyser Flyers are not seeking to return to the state park, they’re now looking a new place to fly. In order to meet AMA guidelines, they need a 23 acres of open land. The catch? While the club and its member pays dues to the AMA, members do not pay dues to the club — any money that the Flyers use for its operations is voluntary given, and totals in the low hundreds annually. Floth said this means the club has already been priced out of potential agreements with locals. If March 2025 comes around and a new flying field isn’t found, Floth believes the club will disband as momentum stalls. While some pilots may join other clubs, Floth said that the Flyers are unique in that they’re public facing and that’s been instrumental to getting people involved in RC plane flying. “We get so many people to come and spectate and ask questions; we entertain,” Floth said, adding that he hopes wherever the club lands, they can continue their public demonstrations. “The other clubs are not set up like that.” Floth has seen spectators join the club with their first RC planes, but it doesn’t stop there. “We have many members that have flown RC and then gotten the passion to go pursue their airplane certificate, learning how to fly a full-sized aircraft,” he continued. “It’s a gateway into what aviation is about.” The Flaming Geyser Flyers can be contacted at geyserflyers.org. [](https://www.courierherald.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/37156005_web1_News-Geyser-Flyers-ECH-240828_2.jpg) Photo courtesy Damian Floth John Riley tinkering with his OV-10 RC plane. [](https://www.courierherald.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/37156005_web1_News-Geyser-Flyers-ECH-240828_3.jpg) Photo courtesy Damian Floth Many people come to watch the Flaming Geyser Flyers at the state park; some even get their own RC planes to join.

@ 6c2d68ba:846525ec

What the hell is Nostriga you might think. Nostriga is part of the [nostr.world](https://nostr.world/) unconference series. It's a cost-free event aimed at gathering nostriches - people excited about nostr - globally to share knowledge, collaborate, network and work towards a freely accessible internet. In case you never heard of nostr: nostr is an open protocol designed for censorship-resistant and global web publishing, fostering a value-for-value exchange. Find more information [here](https://nostr.how/en/what-is-nostr). Now that a few days have passed, it's time to reflect on some of my main takeaways but first, I would like to thank Marce, Anna, Jack, Uncle Rockstar and everyone else involved for making this event special in several ways. I'm sharing my thoughts in no particular order and as can be expected after having heard so many inspiring talks, I will be relaying - relay, get it? - many great ideas others shared. ## nostriches are built different To be honest, Nostriga was one of the best conference experiences I have had in a while. Great spirit, deep conversations, real & honest takes and 99% signal. Everyone who's ever been to a conference knows how draining and tiring such events can be. This time, however, something is different. I guess one of the main reasons for this are *the people behind those npubs*. Great attitude, avoiding ego shows, no simping for VIPs, down to earth and a positive vision of what might lie ahead. So in hindsight, Nostriga makes me super bullish on the upcoming months and the road ahead when it comes to the tech as well as the people behind nostr. Onwards, nostriches. ## no need for nostr marketing With the world marching towards implementing 1984, which was not meant to serve as instruction manual god dammit, and events such as the arrest of Pavel Durov, it's evident that *nostr won't need a marketing department*. An open protocol with focus on censorship-resistance and free speech, will automatically attract the attention of just the right people. This is of course based on the assumption that the nostr community will deal with certain challenges when it comes to privacy and nostr.  ## nostr (still) has privacy issues As already pointed out by Edward Snowden, many open challenges remain to be mastered when it comes to privacy, so that people having to rely on safe and private messaging don't have to rule out nostr. Protecting identities, location and leaking as little metadata as possible are crucial here. Keep in mind, a three letter agency once said that they kill people based on metadata. In this regard, nostr DMs are one of the biggest pain points for the time being, though several nips exist to overcome issues such as IP leaks. See the talk of Jeff for details. We'll get there! For thoughts on privacy, check out *saving private nostr*: <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/1y7zi3t1aNM" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> For privacy and DMs, check out *the past and future of messaging on nostr* (at 3h 01min 48s): <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Zv766SV840k;start=10912" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## nostr already got a killer feature: openness Long story short, watch this talk (starts at 1h 19min 17s) : <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/9p6mfqcP9Ic;start=4765" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## nostr beyond social media As demonstrated by Ben Arc, nostr can be so much more than just an attempt to mimic Twitter. IoT, web of trust, file sharing or bringing together (open) social media and AI are just a few things on the table. ## separation of client and algorithm For many of you this might be nothing new but I can't stress the importance of Data Vending Machines (DVMs) enough. In a nutshell, DVMs are data-processing tools. You give them some data, a few sats, and they give you back some data. As anyone can spin up his own DVM without any registration or signup, there will be ruthless competition. Check out [DVMs](https://www.data-vending-machines.org/) for further information. The basic idea behind it, which still gets me, is the potential separation of (nostr) clients and algorithms in a broader sense. Coupled with marketplaces and having insights what algorithms your friends are using, things will get interesting. Remember, to this day Twitter, Meta and so on are deciding what algorithms are being used in your app and not you. nostr will put you in the driver seat. ## web of trust Web of trust is something people talk a lot about these days, so I will keep it short. One idea caught my attention: combining nostr and file sharing in the sense that you attach an npub to files hosted on file sharing services or torrents and so on. In order to prevent downloading or even spreading infected files, it boils down to the simple question of "can I trust that npub to host clean as well as safe files?". Reputation. ## have you seen my nutsack? Before Nostriga, I haven't been aware of how beautifully ecash and nostr can go hand in hand. In particular, I'm still trying to find the right words to express how big of a deal the combination of Data Vending Machines and ecash can be, if implemented the right way. Check out [DVMs](https://www.data-vending-machines.org/) that [nutsack thing, ](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/nutsack-v0-1/) and [pistachio bag](https://github.com/believethehype/pistachio). (Talk starts at 55min 41s) <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Zv766SV840k;start=3359" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## nostr is not another Bitcoiner circle jerk On the second day of Nostriga, I met someone at one of the food trucks, who happens to have been actively fighting to free Julian Assange. Events, protests, spreading the word, the whole thing. He or she - trying to hide as many details as I possibly can here - told me that his/her main motivation for coming to Riga was indeed nostr and that he/she had discovered Bitcoin via nostr, where it's usually the other way around. To be honest, this was not the only time I heard this at Nostriga but for sure it's the most memorable one. Of course, there is nothing wrong with so many Bitcoiners being around on nostr and it does come with several benefits, one of them being an excellent meme game. As I sincerely believe that nostr is for anyone, it feels good to see other communities popping up and telling their stories on nostr. So delighted you're leaving those walled gardens, friends. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/iZyqVGHjDGo" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## onwards Let me know what you think, where you agree, where you have a different point of view. Feel free to bring in your *Nostriga story*. Keep it weird, fellow nostriches, and if you have time to just watch a single talk from Nostriga, make sure it's this one: <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/XUsk7cqZyKU" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>

@ 81e5cb66:17c315fa

We make countless decisions in our everyday lives - from our choice of breakfast to complex professional strategies. But how free are these decisions really? The latest research suggests that many of our actions are controlled by an unconscious ‘autopilot’ that is deeply rooted in our brain. **Humans as creatures of habit** Imagine you are driving to work. How many times have you driven ‘automatically’ without consciously remembering every turn? This phenomenon is a perfect example of our mental autopilot. It helps us to complete everyday tasks efficiently without having to consciously make every decision. But this autopilot doesn't just control our routine actions. Studies show that many of our decisions are made before we are even aware of them. A fascinating study by the University of New South Wales was able to predict decisions up to 11 seconds before the subjects were aware of them! **The illusion of control** These findings challenge our understanding of free will. We often rationalise our actions retrospectively in order to bring them into line with our self-image. We create retrospective reasons for our behaviour that match our personal narrative. **The path to greater awareness** Does this mean that we are helplessly at the mercy of our autopilot? Not at all! Here's the good news: through targeted practice, we can expand our awareness and gain more control over our decisions. Methods such as meditation and self-reflection have proven to be effective tools for overcoming our ‘autopilot’. People who regularly meditate or practise self-reflection often show greater cognitive flexibility and are able to consciously override automatic reactions. **Freedom as a spectrum** Instead of viewing free will as an all-or-nothing phenomenon, we can understand it as a spectrum. The more pronounced our awareness, the more degrees of freedom we have in our decisions. People with a high level of self-reflection often act more unpredictably and creatively, as they are less controlled by automatic behaviour patterns. **The path to conscious decision-making** So what can we do to strengthen our free will? Here are some approaches: - Practise meditation or mindfulness regularly - Consciously reflect on your decisions and actions - Question your automatic reactions - Cultivate emotional intelligence - Remain open to new experiences and perspectives **Conclusion** Our behaviour may be more controlled by unconscious processes than we would like to believe. But with conscious practice, we can strengthen our ‘free will’ and become more active shapers of our lives. The journey to greater awareness is not only a path to greater self-determination, but also to a more fulfilling and authentic life. Remember: every moment of self-reflection is a step away from autopilot and towards a more conscious, self-determined existence.

@ a723805c:0342dc9c

When I first stumbled upon Nostr back in February 2023, I was immediately drawn to the network's unique design. It was like stumbling across a hidden architectural gem - something so intricate and beautifully crafted that most people might walk past without a second glance. But for those who truly saw it, Nostr's design was mesmerizing. I didn’t know exactly what I was diving into, but I felt enthusiasm because I knew this was something entirely different from the usual legacy social media attempts at connecting people. One of the first things that struck me was the people. Nostr wasn't just a network; it was a gathering place for a group of curious outlaws, all eager to try something new and break away from the norm. The platforms and interfaces were a bit scrappy and buggy in those early days, but that didn't matter. What stood out was the spirit of the community, people kept coming back, filled with cheer and optimism. Even more impressive was the willingness to help each other out. It wasn't just about using the platform; it was about collectively figuring it out together. This was the seed of a constructive culture that was starting to take root. Coming from the Twitter culture, I noticed something refreshing: on Nostr, people referred to each other as friends, not followers. Twitter often felt like a toxic swamp of influencers, each trying to outdo the other with proclamations and status games. Sure, there were helpful people on Twitter, but more often than not, their "help" came with strings attached, promoting a Gumroad book, pushing a newsletter subscription, always with a personal incentive lurking in the background. Nostr, on the other hand, was different. Here, people helped each other just for the sake of it, with no expectation of anything in return. The spirit of giving was genuine, and it was contagious. Fast forward to today, and that same spirit is alive and well. Just take a glance at the #introductions tag, and you'll see it in action: friendly users, eagerly welcoming new members into the ecosystem, offering to lend a hand, and making everyone feel at home. The constructive culture of Nostr, built on a foundation of genuine camaraderie and selflessness, is as vibrant now as it was back in the early days. This isn't just a network; it's a community that thrives on cooperation, curiosity, and the simple joy of helping others. Nostr isn't about chasing clout or boosting follower counts; it's about building something meaningful together, one interaction at a time. And that's what makes it truly special.

@ 5b0183ab:a114563e

Nostr community will continue to grow over time which does lend merit to a brief history lesson to avoid confusion. With this said I would like to offer the origin of #Zapathon and how it's evolved over time. In February of 2023 we were just getting the hang of zapping within the Nostr Protocol. Prior to the invention of zaps we were posting invoices to pay which clearly was inefficient yet entertaining in this new frontier we had grown to appreciate. Nostr was just starting to take off via the Lightning Network and one wallet was gaining steam as the de facto zap speed leader. That wallet was Wallet of Satoshi (WoS). Custodial or not, the ease of use and instant “no kyc” sign up it gained attention among the plebs. So much so that one day in February their system was becoming bogged down with Nostr zaps. On February 27th WoS posted this - https://image.nostr.build/c90b6867a87f9b6aa1d8c75e10650ac78378caa44d5571a40d3596f8f39e6a5d.png This got me thinking…. ok, they upgraded their system. They think they are good now. Would if we pushed it further. Afterall, if Nostr will continue growing, zaps will too. From that moment the #Zapathon planning was initiated. On March 2nd, 2023 it began with this post - https://image.nostr.build/f658d5ca29fb595cfdfb8b89dd6d6b5db3a1d2ee3c5853ec4f30ada8d104049e.jpg From that 15 minutes of success the pleb community catered the format. #Zapathon was scheduled weekly, every Thursday / Friday 5PM EST for 30 Minutes of non stop zapping. The sat amount wasn't the goal, the frequency of zaps was. This laid the ground game for the following weeks ahead. Wallet of Satoshi was an admirable foe. They continued to provoke and give network feedback as we went back and forth shutting them down or falling short. It was a mutual beneficial stress test for Nostr and WoS. https://image.nostr.build/daa126bf5acaec168836d578429d72fe595c20140ff6e6d6c4ac2f8fbeec68de.png The battles were intense and rewarding from a community perspective. It was a match to gasoline on the meme culture. We used Pablo's ZapLife.LOL as a leaderboard to inspire competion. We had goals, we had motivation and we were all working together to build the network for tomorrow. After some time the momentum shifted, Apple banned Zaps on Damus and Wallet of Satoshi removed themselves from the USA app stores. #Zapathon just wasn't what it had been. But nonetheless we had the memories, we have the stories. We had a concept for the future. The concept of #Zapathon today is used for fun, in a more ambiguous fashion. Sometimes used on a special occassion, to test new client integrations or large migrations to enrich the community zap culture for newcomers. A fun way to express that we are different. A global community that transacts frictionless on freedom tech with freedom money. #Zapathon is not dead. it's a sleeping giant. Until then, I hope you enjoyed the brief history lesson.

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

Editing of profiles and projects seems easier and laid out better and the overall responsiveness of the website feels greatly improved. The Analytics section tho . . . whoo doggie! What an upgrade. Try it out at geyser.fund originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/665891

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

เรื่องราวของ Didier Somnuke บิตคอยเนอร์ชาวไทย และเส้นทางการเดินทางของเขาในโลก Bitcoin **บทความต้นฉบับโดย** Win Ko Ko Aung ["An Untold Story of Bitcoin in Thailand -The story of Didier Somnuke, a Thai Bitcoiner, and his journey through Bitcoin."](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/an-untold-story-of-bitcoin-in-thailand?fbclid=IwY2xjawE9YfdleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHSWM86K1-UIINGwJG_fvkEBT9e53Vg_v9uHgFfAMkrS9j0CUd-hxROUMlg_aem_qkSxRTrU2AK0H8fqLZwO8Q) 27 สิงหาคม 2024 / เผยแพร่บนเว็บไซต์ Bitcoin Magazine ----------- ในแวดวง Bitcoin ทั่วโลกที่กำลังเติบโตอย่างรวดเร็ว มักจะมีอคติจากชาติตะวันตกครอบงำเรื่องเล่าต่างๆ ทำให้มองข้ามเรื่องราวอันหลากหลายจากทั่วทุกมุมโลก หนึ่งในเรื่องราวเหล่านั้นคือเรื่องของ Didier Somnuke เจ้าของธุรกิจขนาดเล็กในใจกลางกรุงเทพฯ เมืองที่ขึ้นชื่อเรื่องการต้อนรับนักท่องเที่ยวต่างชาติถึง 22.8 ล้านคนในปี 2023 แซงหน้าเมืองใหญ่ๆ อย่างปารีส ลอนดอน และนิวยอร์ก แม้ว่าประเทศไทยจะประสบปัญหาหนี้ครัวเรือนพุ่งสูงถึง 16.37 ล้านล้านบาท (463 พันล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐ) หรือ 90.8% ของ GDP เพิ่มขึ้นจากไม่ถึง 14 ล้านล้านบาทในปี 2019 Didier Somnuke เกิดในจังหวัดยะลา ที่ซึ่งความขัดแย้งทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์เป็นความจริงอันโหดร้าย ภาคใต้ของไทยเป็นหนึ่งในพื้นที่ที่ยากจนที่สุดของประเทศ โดยมีอัตราความยากจนอยู่ที่ 34% เทียบกับค่าเฉลี่ยของประเทศที่ 6% อ้างอิงจากข้อมูลของธนาคารโลก ยะลาต้องเผชิญกับความไม่สงบมาอย่างยาวนาน นับตั้งแต่ปี 2004 ความรุนแรงนี้คร่าชีวิตผู้คนไปกว่า 7,000 คน และมีผู้ได้รับบาดเจ็บอีก 13,500 คน ดังคำกล่าวของคนไทยที่ว่า "ทวงสิทธิ์ที่จะมีชีวิตที่ดีกลับคืนมา" ในปี 2012 Didier ตัดสินใจอำลาบ้านเกิดที่เต็มไปด้วยความขัดแย้ง มุ่งหน้าสู่กรุงเทพฯ โดยหวังว่าการศึกษาจะเป็นแสงสว่างนำทางไปสู่ชีวิตที่ดีกว่า ในเวลานั้น Bitcoin และแนวคิดทางการเงินยังเป็นเรื่องไกลตัวสำหรับ Didier เขาใช้ชีวิตอย่างคุ้นเคยบนท้องถนนที่คึกคักของกรุงเทพฯ สำเร็จการศึกษาระดับปริญญาโท และเข้าสู่โลกแห่งการทำงานประจำ สำหรับคนที่ย้ายถิ่นฐานมาจากต่างจังหวัด นี่ถือเป็นความสำเร็จครั้งสำคัญ Didier นึกถึงคำพูดของอาจารย์ที่เคยสอนว่า *"เมื่อคุณแก่ตัวลง คุณจะมีเวลาและเงิน แต่คุณจะไม่มีแรงที่จะเริ่มต้นธุรกิจ ถ้าอยากทำอะไร ก็จงลงมือทำซะ"* ด้วยคำแนะนำนี้ Didier จึงลาออกจากงานประจำที่แสนน่าเบื่อหลังจากผ่านไปเพียงหนึ่งปี และเริ่มต้นบทใหม่ของชีวิต Didier ยืมเงิน 50,000 บาท (ประมาณ 1,500 ดอลลาร์สหรัฐ) จากพี่ชาย เพื่อเปิดร้านขายเบอร์เกอร์ข้างทาง เขาเลือกที่จะเริ่มต้นธุรกิจเบอร์เกอร์เพราะคิดว่ามันง่าย และใช้เงินลงทุนไม่มาก ด้วยความทะเยอทะยาน และแรงบันดาลใจจากพลังงานอันพลุ่งพล่านของกรุงเทพฯ เมืองที่ไม่เคยหลับใหล เขาใช้เวลาประมาณหนึ่งปีในการพัฒนาสูตร และเริ่มต้นธุรกิจในปี 2015 ในช่วงสามถึงสี่ปีแรก เขาบริหารจัดการทุกอย่างด้วยตัวเองในฐานะผู้ประกอบการรายย่อย และรายได้ของเขาก็ต่ำกว่าเงินเดือนที่เคยได้รับจากงานประจำ หลายครั้งที่เขาสงสัยว่าตัวเองตัดสินใจผิดหรือไม่ ที่ลาออกจากงานมาทำธุรกิจที่สร้างรายได้น้อยกว่า อย่างไรก็ตาม หลังจากผ่านไปห้าปี ทุกอย่างก็เริ่มดีขึ้น ยอดขายของร้านเริ่มเพิ่มขึ้น และ Didier ก็เริ่มจ้างพนักงาน เขาสารภาพว่า "ผมเข้าสู่ตลาดคริปโทด้วยความโลภ สิ่งที่ผมต้องการคือรวยเร็ว" ในปี 2017 เขาและเพื่อนๆ ได้รวบรวมเงินกันซื้อเครื่องขุด ASIC สามเครื่องจาก Bitmain เพื่อลองขุด Bitcoin และ Altcoins เช่น Litecoin และ Dogecoin พวกเขาได้รับผลตอบแทนจากการลงทุนภายในหกเดือน Didier ซื้อ Bitcoin ครั้งแรกในต้นปี 2017 เพื่อซื้อเครื่องขุด ASIC เหล่านั้น แต่เขาไม่รู้วิธีโอน Bitcoin จึงต้องใช้การโอนเงินผ่านธนาคารแทน เมื่อนึกย้อนกลับไปถึงประสบการณ์ในช่วงแรกๆ เขาเล่าว่า.. "Bitcoin ก้อนแรกของผมค่อยๆ ถูกเปลี่ยนเป็น Shitcoins ในช่วงตลาดกระทิง ผมโชคดีมาก ผมได้กำไร 100% เกือบทันทีที่ซื้ออะไรก็ตาม" แม้จะไม่มีความรู้เรื่องคริปโทเคอร์เรนซีเลย แต่เขาก็เริ่มมั่นใจในตัวเอง และกลายเป็น "Super Shitcoiner" โดยไม่สนใจ Bitcoin มากนัก กลางปี 2017 เขาได้เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ Leverage และการเทรด กำไรของเขาพุ่งสูงขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว แต่โชคก็ไม่ได้เข้าข้างเขาไปตลอด ต้นปี 2018 ตลาด Crash เขาขาดทุนกว่า 1 ล้านบาท (เกือบ 30,000 ดอลลาร์สหรัฐ) ในขณะที่เงินทุนเริ่มต้นของเขาอยู่ที่ประมาณ 100,000 บาท (ประมาณ 3,000 ดอลลาร์สหรัฐ) เท่านั้น ไม่เพียงเท่านั้น เขายังสูญเสีย Shitcoins ทั้งหมดจาก Mining Pool ที่เขาฝากไว้ อยู่มาวันหนึ่ง เมื่อเขาตรวจสอบบัญชี Shitcoins ทั้งหมดที่เขามีมูลค่า 10,000 ดอลลาร์สหรัฐก็หายไป ประกาศบนเว็บไซต์ Mining Pool ที่ชื่อว่า "Hash-to-Coin" ระบุว่า หากเก็บเหรียญไว้กับพวกเขานานกว่าสามเดือน จะถือว่าเป็นการบริจาค  เขาพูดด้วยความผิดหวังว่า "ผมสูญเสียทุกอย่าง" แต่ไม่เหมือนคนส่วนใหญ่ "ผมไม่ได้โทษ Bitcoin ผมยังคงมองว่ามันคืออนาคต ผมโทษตัวเอง ผมไม่รู้อะไรเลย และผมใช้ Leverage มากเกินไป" เขาเน้นย้ำว่า แม้จะประสบกับความสูญเสียทางการเงินอย่างหนัก แต่แฟนสาวของเขาก็ไม่ได้ทิ้งเขาไป.. "แฟนผมเป็นลูกค้าประจำ เธอมาซื้อเบอร์เกอร์เป็นประจำ ผมเจอเธอตอนที่ผมกำลังลำบากทางการเงิน ในช่วงแรกๆ ที่เป็นผู้ประกอบการ เธอสนับสนุนผม และบอกว่าเราสามารถหาเงินคืนได้" ด้วยความมุ่งมั่นที่จะพลิกสถานการณ์ เขาได้ค้นพบคุณพิริยะบน YouTube และเริ่มติดตาม Live Stream เกี่ยวกับ Bitcoin อย่างจริงจัง นี่คือจุดเริ่มต้นที่ทำให้เขาเข้าใจอย่างแท้จริงว่า Bitcoin และคริปโทเคอร์เรนซีคืออะไร ด้วยความรู้ใหม่นี้ เขาเริ่มมอง Bitcoin เป็นเทคโนโลยีสำหรับการออม มากกว่าเครื่องมือในการเทรด หลังจากนั้นสามปี Didier ก็สามารถกู้คืนจากความสูญเสีย และกลับมาแข็งแกร่งยิ่งกว่าเดิม เขากลายเป็นเพื่อนกับคุณพิริยะ และร่วมกันก่อตั้งบริษัท Right Shift เพื่อสร้างสรรค์เนื้อหาเกี่ยวกับ Bitcoin ในรูปแบบภาษาไทยผ่านช่องทางโซเชียลมีเดียต่างๆ รวมถึง Nostr โดยใช้แฮชแท็กยอดนิยมอย่าง #siamstr พวกเขาร่วมกันแปลหนังสือ "The Bitcoin Standard" และ "The Fiat Standard" เป็นภาษาไทย ซึ่งกลายเป็นหนังสือขายดีในประเทศไทย พวกเขาจัดงาน Bitcoin Thailand Conference ครั้งแรกในปี 2023 และกำลังเตรียมจัดงานครั้งต่อไปในเดือนกันยายน 2024  ปัจจุบัน Didier รับชำระเงินด้วย Bitcoin ในร้านเบอร์เกอร์หลักของเขา ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในสี่สาขา เขาใช้ Wallet of Satoshi ในการรับชำระเงิน ภายในหนึ่งปีหลังจากเริ่มต้นโครงการนี้ เขารับชำระเงินด้วย Bitcoin ไปแล้วกว่า 3 ล้าน Sats แม้ว่าในตอนแรกเขาคาดหวังว่าจะมีธุรกรรม Bitcoin มากกว่านี้ ในตลาดที่เขาขายของ บางครั้งเจ้าของธุรกิจขนาดเล็กข้างๆ ก็ถามเขาเกี่ยวกับ Bitcoin เพราะเห็นโปสเตอร์ Bitcoin ขนาดใหญ่ในร้านของเขา แต่พวกเขามักจะหมดความสนใจเมื่อ Didier อธิบาย จากประสบการณ์ที่ไม่ประสบความสำเร็จหลายครั้ง ตอนนี้เขาจึงมุ่งเน้นไปที่การให้ความรู้ทางออนไลน์ ซึ่งเขาสามารถเข้าถึงผู้คนที่พร้อมจะเปิดรับนวัตกรรมได้มากกว่า  ในปี 2022 มีคนไทยประมาณ 8.4 ล้านคน คิดเป็น 12% ของประชากร ที่ใช้คริปโทเคอร์เรนซี มีการคาดการณ์ว่าภายในปี 2028 จำนวนนี้จะเพิ่มขึ้นเป็นประมาณ 17.67 ล้านคน คิดเป็น 25% ของประชากร ระหว่างการสนทนาของเรา Didier อ้างว่ามีผู้ใช้ Bitcoin ในประเทศไทยประมาณ 50,000 คน และคาดการณ์ว่ารัฐบาลไทยอาจเข้ามายุ่งเกี่ยวกับการใช้งาน Bitcoin เช่น การบังคับใช้ KYC Wallet เพราะพวกเขาไม่ชอบระบบการเงินที่ควบคุมไม่ได้ ในกรณีที่เลวร้ายที่สุด Didier ยังคงยืนกรานว่า เขาจะยังคงสนับสนุน Bitcoin ต่อไปกับเพื่อนๆ ของเขา "มันไม่ใช่ทางเลือก" เขายืนยัน "แต่มันคือทางรอดเดียว"

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

ในโลกที่ Bitcoin เติบโตอย่างก้าวกระโดด ความต้องการในการทำธุรกรรมที่รวดเร็ว ปลอดภัย และเป็นส่วนตัว ก็เพิ่มสูงขึ้นตามไปด้วย Lightning Network ได้เข้ามาช่วยแก้ปัญหา Scalability ของ Bitcoin ได้ในระดับหนึ่ง แต่ก็ยังมีข้อจำกัด เช่น ความซับซ้อนในการใช้งาน และความจำเป็นในการบริหารจัดการสภาพคล่อง ในปี 2023 Burak Keceli นักพัฒนา Bitcoin ผู้มากประสบการณ์ ได้เปิดตัว **Ark Protocol** ซึ่งเป็นเลเยอร์ 2 โปรโตคอล ที่เสนอแนวทางใหม่ในการทำธุรกรรม Bitcoin โดย Ark มาพร้อมกับแนวคิดที่ล้ำสมัย และกลไกการทำงานที่แตกต่างไปจาก Lightning Network บทความนี้จะพาพวกเราไปทำความรู้จักกับ Ark Protocol กันเบื้องต้น ตั้งแต่หลักการทำงานของเทคโนโลยีนี้ ข้อดี-ข้อเสีย การเปรียบเทียบกับ Lightning Network และเทคโนโลยีอื่นๆ ไปจนถึงอนาคตของ Ark ในฐานะเลเยอร์ 2 ทางเลือกใหม่ ## **🤔 Ark Protocol คืออะไร?** Ark Protocol คือ เลเยอร์ 2 โปรโตคอล ที่สร้างขึ้นบนบล็อกเชน Bitcoin โดยมีเป้าหมายเพื่อเพิ่มความสามารถในการขยายขนาด (Scalability) ยกระดับความเป็นส่วนตัว (Privacy) และมอบประสบการณ์การใช้งานที่ราบรื่นยิ่งขึ้น Ark ทำงานโดยใช้แนวคิด **Virtual UTXO** (vUTXO) และ Covenant ในการทำธุรกรรมนอกบล็อกเชน (Off-Chain) โดยอ้างว่าสามารถทำธุรกรรมได้รวดเร็ว ราวกับส่งข้อความ ค่าธรรมเนียมต่ำจนแทบไม่รู้สึก และมีความเป็นส่วนตัวสูง ปกป้องข้อมูลธุรกรรมจากสายตาคนอื่น ## 📌 **vUTXO เหรียญ Bitcoin ดิจิทัลในตู้นิรภัยลับ** ลองนึกภาพ vUTXO (Virtual UTXO) เป็นเหมือนเหรียญ Bitcoin ดิจิทัล ที่ถูกเก็บไว้ในตู้นิรภัยสุดไฮเทค ตู้นิรภัยนี้ตั้งอยู่นอกบล็อกเชน Bitcoin ทำให้การเข้าถึง vUTXO เป็นไปอย่างรวดเร็ว และไม่ต้องผ่านกระบวนการตรวจสอบที่ยุ่งยาก เหมือนกับการหยิบเหรียญจากกระเป๋า แทนที่จะต้องไปรื้อค้นหาในกองสมบัติขนาดใหญ่ vUTXO คือหัวใจสำคัญของ Ark ที่ทำให้การทำธุรกรรมมีความรวดเร็ว และมีค่าธรรมเนียมต่ำ เนื่องจากธุรกรรม vUTXO เกิดขึ้นนอกบล็อกเชน Bitcoin จึงไม่ต้องรอการยืนยัน (Confirmation) จากเครือข่าย Bitcoin ## **📌 Covenant สัญญาพิทักษ์ความปลอดภัย** เพื่อให้มั่นใจว่า vUTXO จะถูกใช้จ่ายอย่างถูกต้อง Ark ใช้ **Covenant** ซึ่งเปรียบเสมือนสัญญาที่กำหนดเงื่อนไขการใช้จ่าย vUTXO ล่วงหน้า Covenant เหล่านี้ถูกเก็บไว้ใน vUTXO Tree ซึ่งเป็นเสมือนผังข้อมูลของ vUTXO ที่ช่วยให้ Ark สามารถจัดการ vUTXO ได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ และช่วยปกป้องความเป็นส่วนตัวของผู้ใช้ เหมือนกับการมีระบบรักษาความปลอดภัยหลายชั้น ที่ทำให้มั่นใจได้ว่า มีเพียงเจ้าของที่แท้จริงเท่านั้น จึงจะสามารถเข้าถึง vUTXO ได้ ## **📌 vUTXO Tree ผังข้อมูลของ vUTXO** **vUTXO Tree** คือโครงสร้างข้อมูลที่ใช้จัดเก็บ vUTXO โดยใช้ Covenant ในการกำหนดเงื่อนไขการใช้จ่าย และสามารถนำ vUTXO กลับมาใช้ใหม่ได้ (Recycle) ทำให้ลดการใช้พื้นที่บนบล็อกเชน และเพิ่มความเป็นส่วนตัว vUTXO Tree ช่วยให้ Ark สามารถจัดการ vUTXO จำนวนมากได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ และลดความซับซ้อนในการทำธุรกรรม ## **⭐ ASP ผู้พิทักษ์แห่งโลก Ark** Ark Service Provider (ASP) คือผู้ดูแลระบบ Ark ที่เปรียบเสมือนธนาคารที่เก็บรักษา Bitcoin ของผู้ใช้ และให้บริการ vUTXO ASP ทำหน้าที่ตรวจสอบธุรกรรม อัพเดต vUTXO Tree และดูแลความปลอดภัยของระบบ ASP เปรียบเสมือนผู้ดูแลตู้นิรภัย ที่คอยดูแล vUTXO ของผู้ใช้ และอำนวยความสะดวกในการทำธุรกรรม ## **🧡 3 ขั้นตอนง่ายๆ สู่ธุรกรรม Bitcoin** Ark Protocol เปรียบเสมือนโลกใบใหม่ที่ถูกสร้างขึ้นเพื่อให้การทำธุรกรรม Bitcoin เป็นเรื่องง่าย รวดเร็ว และปลอดภัยยิ่งขึ้น การเดินทางในโลก Ark นั้นไม่ซับซ้อนอย่างที่คิด เพียงแค่ 3 ขั้นตอนง่ายๆ คุณก็สามารถสัมผัสประสบการณ์การใช้ Bitcoin แบบเหนือชั้นได้ **1. ก้าวแรกสู่โลก Ark โดยแลก Bitcoin เป็น vUTXO** การเข้าสู่โลก Ark เริ่มต้นจากการฝาก Bitcoin ของคุุณเข้าสู่ Ark Service Provider (ASP) เปรียบเสมือนการเดินเข้าธนาคารเพื่อแลกเงินสดเป็นเช็ค ASP จะทำหน้าที่ดูแลรักษา Bitcoin ของคุุณอย่างปลอดภัย และมอบ vUTXO ให้เป็นเสมือนเช็คดิจิทัลที่คุุณสามารถใช้จ่ายในโลก Ark ได้ - **เลือก ASP** / ก่อนอื่น คุุณต้องเลือก ASP ที่น่าเชื่อถือ โดยพิจารณาจากชื่อเสียง ค่าธรรมเนียม และบริการที่ ASP นั้นๆ มีให้บริการ - **ฝาก Bitcoin** / เมื่อเลือก ASP ได้แล้ว คุุณสามารถฝาก Bitcoin ไปยังที่อยู่ Bitcoin ของ ASP ที่คุุณเลือก - **รับ vUTXO** / เมื่อ ASP ได้รับ Bitcoin ของคุุณแล้ว ระบบจะทำการออก vUTXO ให้กับคุุณโดยอัตโนมัติ vUTXO นี้จะถูกเก็บไว้ใน vUTXO Tree ที่ ASP ดูแล มูลค่าของ vUTXO จะเท่ากับจำนวน Bitcoin ที่คุุณฝากเข้าไป ตอนนี้คุุณพร้อมที่จะเริ่มต้นการเดินทางในโลก Ark แล้ว.. **2. ธุรกรรมสายฟ้าแลบ ผ่านการส่ง vUTXO รวดเร็ว ปลอดภัย ไร้กังวล** vUTXO เปรียบเสมือนเช็คดิจิทัลที่ทำให้การทำธุรกรรม Bitcoin เป็นเรื่องง่าย รวดเร็ว และปลอดภัย - **ส่ง vUTXO ง่ายๆ** / เพียงแค่ระบุจำนวน vUTXO ที่ต้องการส่ง และที่อยู่ Ark ของผู้รับ ธุรกรรมของคุณจะถูกดำเนินการทันที โดยไม่ต้องรอการยืนยันจากบล็อกเชน Bitcoin - **ค่าธรรมเนียมต่ำ** / เนื่องจากธุรกรรม vUTXO เกิดขึ้นนอกบล็อกเชน Bitcoin จึงมีค่าธรรมเนียมที่ต่ำกว่าการทำธุรกรรมบนบล็อกเชน Bitcoin - **ความเป็นส่วนตัว** / ข้อมูลธุรกรรม vUTXO จะถูกเก็บไว้ใน vUTXO Tree ซึ่ง ASP เป็นผู้ดูแล จึงมีความเป็นส่วนตัวมากกว่าการทำธุรกรรมบนบล็อกเชน Bitcoin **3. กลับสู่โลก Bitcoin ด้วยการแลก vUTXO คืนเป็น Bitcoin** เมื่อคุุณต้องการนำ Bitcoin ออกจากโลก Ark เพื่อนำไปใช้จ่ายในโลกภายนอก คุุณสามารถแลก vUTXO คืนเป็น Bitcoin ได้ง่ายๆ - **ส่งคำขอถอน** / เพียงแค่ส่งคำขอถอน Bitcoin ไปยัง ASP พร้อมระบุจำนวน Bitcoin ที่ต้องการถอน และที่อยู่ Bitcoin ของคุุณ - **ASP ตรวจสอบและดำเนินการ** / ASP จะตรวจสอบความถูกต้องของคำขอ และยอดคงเหลือ vUTXO ของคุุณ ก่อนทำการโอน Bitcoin ไปยังที่อยู่ Bitcoin ของคุุณ **สรุป** / การทำธุรกรรมในโลก Ark นั้นง่าย รวดเร็ว และปลอดภัย เพียงแค่ 3 ขั้นตอน คุุณก็สามารถสัมผัสประสบการณ์การใช้ Bitcoin ผ่าน Ark ได้ ## **หมายเหตุ** จากการศึกษาในเอกสารของทางผู้พัฒนา พบข้อสังเกตว่า.. การเลือก ASP ที่น่าเชื่อถือเป็นสิ่งสำคัญ เพราะ ASP จะทำหน้าที่ดูแลรักษา Bitcoin ของคุุณ ดังนั้น ควรศึกษาข้อมูล และเลือก ASP ที่มีชื่อเสียง มีระบบรักษาความปลอดภัยที่ดี และมีค่าธรรมเนียมที่เหมาะสม ## **Ark vs. Lightning Network** แม้ Lightning Network จะเป็นเลเยอร์ 2 ที่ได้รับความนิยมอย่างมากในปัจจุบัน แต่ Ark ก็มีข้อได้เปรียบและข้อเสียที่แตกต่างกันออกไป ดังนี้.. **1. ด้านความปลอดภัย** - Ark พึ่งพา ASP ในการดูแล Bitcoin และ vUTXO ดังนั้น ความปลอดภัยของ Ark จึงขึ้นอยู่กับความน่าเชื่อถือของ ASP - Lightning Network ใช้ Multisig และ Hash Time Locked Contract (HTLC) ในการรักษาความปลอดภัย ซึ่งไม่ต้องพึ่งพาบุคคลที่สาม แต่ผู้ใช้ต้องรับผิดชอบในการจัดการช่องทาง และป้องกันการโจมตีต่างๆ ด้วยตนเอง **2.ความสามารถในการรองรับปริมาณธุรกรรม (Scalability)** - Ark สามารถรองรับปริมาณธุรกรรมได้สูง เนื่องจากธุรกรรมเกิดขึ้นนอกบล็อกเชน Bitcoin - Lightning Network สามารถรองรับปริมาณธุรกรรมได้สูง แต่อาจยังมีข้อจำกัดอยู่บ้าง เนื่องจากต้องอาศัยการเปิด-ปิดช่องทาง และการบริหารจัดการสภาพคล่องที่จำเป็นต้องมีประสบการณ์และความชำนาญสูง **3.ความซับซ้อนในการพัฒนา** - การพัฒนาแอปพลิเคชันบน Ark อาจมีความซับซ้อนน้อยกว่า Lightning Network เนื่องจากไม่ต้องจัดการกับช่องทาง และสภาพคล่อง - การพัฒนาแอปพลิเคชันบน Lightning Network มีความซับซ้อน เนื่องจากต้องเข้าใจ Multisig, HTLC และการจัดการช่องทาง **4. การกระจายอำนาจ** - Ark มีการกระจายอำนาจน้อยกว่า Lightning Network เนื่องจากต้องพึ่งพา ASP - Lightning Network มีการกระจายอำนาจมากกว่า เนื่องจากผู้ใช้สามารถเชื่อมต่อกันเองได้โดยตรง โดยไม่ต้องผ่านตัวกลาง **5.ความพร้อมในการใช้งาน** - Ark ยังอยู่ในช่วงเริ่มต้นของการพัฒนา และยังไม่มีการใช้งานอย่างแพร่หลาย - Lightning Network มีการใช้งานจริงแล้ว และมีแอปพลิเคชัน Wallet และบริการต่างๆ ที่รองรับ **6.ความยืดหยุ่นในการใช้งาน** - Ark ออกแบบมาเพื่อการชำระเงิน และอาจไม่เหมาะกับการใช้งานอื่นๆ เช่น Smart Contract - Lightning Network สามารถนำไปประยุกต์ใช้ได้หลากหลาย เช่น Micropayment, Streaming Payment, และ Decentralized Finance (DeFi) **7. ต้นทุนในการใช้งาน** - ค่าธรรมเนียมในการทำธุรกรรม Ark ขึ้นอยู่กับ ASP - ค่าธรรมเนียมในการทำธุรกรรม Lightning Network ขึ้นอยู่กับ Routing Fee และค่าธรรมเนียมในการเปิด-ปิดช่องทาง **8. ความเสถียรของระบบ** - Ark ยังเป็นเทคโนโลยีใหม่ ความเสถียรของระบบยังอยู่ในช่วงการทดสอบ - Lightning Network มีการใช้งานจริงมาระยะหนึ่งแล้ว และมีความเสถียรในระดับหนึ่ง **9. การสนับสนุนจากชุมชน** - Ark ยังมีชุมชนผู้ใช้งานและนักพัฒนาที่เล็กกว่า Lightning Network - Lightning Network มีชุมชนผู้ใช้งานและนักพัฒนาที่ใหญ่ และมีการพัฒนาอย่างต่อเนื่อง https://i.nostr.build/gAhg5rQoYU3WmsGy.jpg ## **📌 Ark Labs ก้าวสู่พัฒนาการใหม่บน Bitcoin** ในเดือนมิถุนายน 2024 ทีมพัฒนา Ark ได้ประกาศก่อตั้งบริษัท Ark Labs อย่างเป็นทางการ ภายใต้การสนับสนุนของ Vulpem Ventures บริษัท Venture Capital ที่มุ่งเน้นการลงทุนในเทคโนโลยี Blockchain และ Cryptocurrency การก่อตั้ง Ark Labs ถือเป็นก้าวสำคัญของ Ark Protocol ที่แสดงให้เห็นถึงความมุ่งมั่นในการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยี และผลักดันให้ Ark กลายเป็นเลเยอร์ 2 โซลูชัน ที่ได้รับการยอมรับ และใช้งานอย่างแพร่หลาย 📌 **ภารกิจของ Ark Labs** Ark Labs มี 2 ภารกิจหลัก คือ - **พัฒนา Ark Protocol แบบ Open Source** Ark Labs มุ่งมั่นที่จะพัฒนา Ark Protocol ให้เป็น Open Source เพื่อให้ทุกคนสามารถเข้าถึง ใช้งาน และมีส่วนร่วมในการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีได้ - **สร้างบริการสำหรับผู้ใช้ Ark** Ark Labs มีแผนที่จะสร้างบริการต่างๆ ที่ใช้งาน Ark Protocol เช่น Wallet, Payment Gateway, และ API เพื่อให้ผู้ใช้สามารถเข้าถึง Ark ได้ง่าย และสะดวกยิ่งขึ้น 📌 **Ark Labs: ทีมผู้เชี่ยวชาญ ขับเคลื่อนอนาคตของ Bitcoin** Ark Labs นำโดย Marco Argentieri ผู้มีประสบการณ์ในวงการ Blockchain และ Cryptocurrency มายาวนาน ทีมงานของ Ark Labs ประกอบด้วยนักพัฒนา Bitcoin ผู้มากประสบการณ์ นักออกแบบ และผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านการตลาด **แผนงานในอนาคต** แอปพลิเคชันแรก และการเติบโตของระบบนิเวศ Ark Labs มีแผนที่จะเปิดตัวแอปพลิเคชันแรกที่ใช้ Ark Protocol ภายในปี 2024 โดยแอปพลิเคชันนี้จะเน้นไปที่การทำธุรกรรม Bitcoin ที่รวดเร็ว ปลอดภัย และเป็นส่วนตัว นอกจากนี้ Ark Labs ยังมีแผนที่จะขยายระบบนิเวศของ Ark โดยการสร้างความร่วมมือกับ Wallet ผู้ให้บริการแลกเปลี่ยน (Exchange) และธุรกิจต่างๆ เพื่อเพิ่มการใช้งาน Ark ให้แพร่หลายมากยิ่งขึ้น ## **บทสรุป** Ark คืออนาคตของ Bitcoin หรือไม่? Ark Protocol คือเลเยอร์ 2 ที่น่าจับตามอง มาพร้อมกับแนวคิดที่ล้ำสมัย และศักยภาพในการยกระดับ Bitcoin ไปอีกขั้น แม้จะยังอยู่ในช่วงเริ่มต้น แต่ Ark ก็นำเสนอทางเลือกที่น่าสนใจ **หมายเหตุ** บทความนี้นำเสนอข้อมูล Ark Protocol โดยอิงจากข้อมูลที่เผยแพร่โดย Ark Labs และแหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ ผู้อ่านควรศึกษาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม และทำการวิเคราะห์ด้วยตนเองก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุนในเทคโนโลยีใดๆ อย่างไรก็ตาม.. ยังมีคำถามอีกมากมายที่น่าสนใจเกี่ยวกับ Ark Protocol เช่น.. - กลไกการฝาก Bitcoin เข้าสู่ระบบ - รายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับค่าธรรมเนียม - และความสามารถในการรองรับปริมาณธุรกรรม (Scalability) เมื่อเทียบกับ Lightning Network ซึ่งเราจะมาหาคำตอบร่วมกันในเวที Advanced Stage วันที่ 14 กันยายน 2024 ในงาน #TBC2024 มาร่วมเจาะลึก Ark Protocol และสำรวจศักยภาพของเลเยอร์ 2 โซลูชันนี้ไปพร้อมๆ กันครับ! ## **ศึกษาเพิ่มเติม** - https://ark-protocol.org/ - https://arkdev.info/docs/learn/intro - https://arklabs.to/

@ 5b0183ab:a114563e

## Chef's notes Growing up there are a few staple foods that stick with you. For me, it was my Grandma Betty's Chicken Dijon. It was my birthday request every year and every time we cook it up it touches my heart. Grandma Betty passed away a 7 years ago. This dish is dedicated to her, directly from her recipe book. ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 10 - 🍳 Cook time: 35 ## Ingredients - 4 Chicken Breasts - 3 Tbsp Butter - 2 Tbsp Flower - 1/2 Cup Heavy Cream - 3 Tbsp Dijon Mustard - Tomato Wedges ## Directions 1. In large skillet, cook chicken in butter on medium heat till brown on both sides and cooked through (about 20 min) 2. Remove chicken and set aside 3. Stir flower into skillet drippings. (whisk thoroughly for best flavor) 4. Add chicken broth and cream. Whisk until sauce thickens. (about 5 minutes) 5. Add dijon mustard and stir to combine. 6. Place chicken breasts in skillet. Place lid on skillet and simmer on low. (10 minutes) 7. Slice tomato in wedges 8. Chop Parsley 9. Plate Chicken, pour cream sauce, tomato wedges and garnish with parsley. 10. Pairs well with steamed rice or pasta and your favorite vegetable(s) (I prefer sweat peas and Steamed Rice)

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

Nostr is a mess. It always has been and will always be. That's part of the appeal! But it's important that users be able to navigate the rolling seas of this highly partition-tolerant network of kaleidoscopically-interwoven people, bots, topics, relays, clients, events, recommendations, lists, feeds, micro-apps, macro-apps, Chinese spam, and "GM"s. In order to do this, users must be able to articulate "what" they are looking for, and clients must be able to articulate "how" to find that thing. This "how" is divided into two parts: building a request that will match the desired content (very easy), and selecting a relay that is able to serve that content to the user requesting it (very very hard). # Why guessing isn't good enough As a concrete example, let's say the user wants to find everyone in their "network" who is using a particular topic. The process would look something like this: 1. The user clicks the "network" tab and types in the topic they want to browse. This is the "what". 2. The client then translates the term "network" to a list of public keys using whatever definition they prefer (Follows? WoT? Grapevine?), and builds a filter that might look something like this: `[{"authors": pubkeys, "#t": ["mytopic"]}]`. Any relay will happily accept, understand, and respond to that filter. 3. The client then has to decide which relays it should send that filter to. This is the `???` stage of the outbox model, which immediately precedes: 4. Profit It may not be immediately obvious why selecting the correct relays might be difficult. Most people post to relay.damus.io, and most people read from relay.damus.io, so in most cases you should be good, right? This approach to relay selection has historically worked "well enough", but it depends on a flawed definition of success. If you only want to find 90% of the content that matches your query, using the top 10 relays will suffice. But nostr is intended to be censorship-resistant. What if those 10 hubs have banned a particular public key? Nostr clients should (at least in theory) be 100% successful in retrieving requested content. Even if someone only posts to their self-hosted relay, you should be able to find their notes if their account is set up properly. # A naive solution to fixing the FOMO A 90% hit rate results in a feeling of flakiness, even if users aren't completely aware of what isn't working. Feeds will be incomplete, quoted notes will be missing, replies will be orphaned, user profiles won't load. The natural response to the FOMO this creates is for users to "try harder" by adding more relays. On the read side, this means clients open more connections, resulting in much higher data transfer requirements, with massively diminishing returns, since there's no reason to expect that a randomly chosen relay will have a substantially different data set. One the publish side, this means that clients end up publishing more copies of their data to more relays. This approach has been automated in the past by services like Blastr, which don't store a copy of events published to the relay, but instead forward events to the top 300 relays in the network. This results in a two-orders-of-magnitude increase in storage required, and only makes the read side of the problem worse, since it reduces the uniqueness of the data set each relay stores. This in turn means that more duplicates are retrieved when querying relays. Both halves of this approach are equivalent to guessing. On the read side, users are guessing which relays will have any arbitrary content they might ask for in the future. On the write side, users are guessing which relays other people might use to find their notes. It is a brute-force method for finding content. # Randomness results in centralization In theory, random relay selection would result in a perfect distribution of content across all relays in the network. But in practice, this method of selection isn't random at all, but is strongly influenced by user bias in what constitutes a "good" relay. While some users may check [nostr.watch](https://nostr.watch) for ping times, geographical proximity, or uptime, most will choose relays based on familiar names or other people's recommendations. In either case, these biases are entirely orthogonal to achieving a higher content retrieval hit rate, _except when bias in relay selection results in clustering_ — i.e., centralization. In other words, the kind of randomness exhibited by users when selecting relays actually results in pretty much everyone picking the same few relays. We see this same effect when people try to come up with passwords or seed phrases — human-provided randomness is anything but random. Clustering improves the hit rate when requesting events (slightly), but it results in nearly as much centralization as if only a single relay was used — and a lot more duplicate events. # Something (anything) other than randomness In early 2023, Mike Dilger [introduced NIP 65](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/218) (now known as the "Outbox Model") with a problem statement in the spirit of the original description of nostr: "Nostr should scale better. People should be able to find what they want." _Historical note: NIP 65 was formerly known as the "Gossip Model", derived from the name of Mike's [desktop nostr client](https://github.com/mikedilger/gossip), called "Gossip". This unfortunately created a lot of confusion, since [gossip protocols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossip_protocol) work very differently from how nostr tends to work, hence the re-brand._ Before NIP 65, an informal standard existed in which `kind 3` user contact lists also included a list of relays that clients could use as something similar to Mastodon's "home servers". This list included the option to only read or write from a given relay. Unfortunately, it wasn't really clear what the semantics of this relay list were, so different clients handled them differently (and many clients ignored them). Usually this amounted to user-provided static relay configurations, which resulted in the naive relay selection approach described above. NIP 65 used a very similar format (a list of relay urls with optional "read" or "write" directives), but with a very important semantic difference: relays listed in a user's `kind 10002` were intended to "advertise to others, not for configuring one's client." In other words, these relay selections were intended as a signal to other users that they should use certain relays when attempting to communicate with the author of the relay list. I highly recommend reading the [entire NIP](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/65.md), which is very short and easy to read. But the mechanics of the spec are very simple: > When seeking events **from** a user, Clients SHOULD use the WRITE relays of the user's `kind:10002`. > > When seeking events **about** a user, where the user was tagged, Clients SHOULD use the READ relays of the user's `kind:10002`. > > When broadcasting an event, Clients SHOULD: > > - Broadcast the event to the WRITE relays of the author > - Broadcast the event to all READ relays of each tagged user For the first time, we had a way to differentiate relays in terms of _what content could be found where_. When looking for a note by a particular user, a client could now look up the author's `write` relays according to their `kind 10002` event, and send its query there. The result is a much higher hit rate with much lower data transfer requirements, and fewer connections per query. # Making Outbox Work There are of course some assumptions required to make this work. First, the user must know which author they're looking for. This isn't always true when looking up a quote or parent note, but context and [pubkey hints](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1171) solve this difficulty in most cases. The author must also publish a `kind 10002` event. This may not always be the case, but clients should prompt users to set up their relay list correctly. This isn't really a flaw in the Outbox Model, just in implementations of it. Additionally, the user's client must be able to find the author's `kind 10002` event. This is the "bootstrapping" phase of the Outbox Model, during which the mechanisms the system provides for finding events aren't available. This requires us to fall back to randomly guessing which relays have the content we're looking for, which as we saw above doesn't work very well. Other than guessing, there are a few different ways a client might find the relay selection event in question, each of which is applicable in different circumstances. In most cases, using one of a handful of indexer relays like [purplepag.es](wss://purplepag.es) or [relay.nostr.band](wss://relay.nostr.band) is a simple and efficient way to find user profiles and relay selections. However, if an author's content has been aggressively purged from these indexers due to censorship, they obviously can't be relied upon. Even though the author in question hasn't been deplatformed from nostr itself (since he can always self-host a publicly accessible relay to store his content), he has been effectively shadow-banned. To get around this, relay selections have to be communicated in some other way. Nostr has a few different mechanisms for this: - If the author's NIP 05 address is known and properly configured (it may not be), clients can look up the author's NIP 05 endpoint to find some reasonable relay hints. Unfortunately, these are often neglected, and usually custodial, so they can run into the same problems. - If the author's pubkey is found in another signed event found on nostr, [relay hints](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/fade0164f52033314bf0a5ef9bd63c2483afae9b/10.md#marked-e-tags-preferred) can be a way to propagate relay selections through the network. This relies on implementations picking reliable relay hints which can be difficult, and hints do tend to become less reliable over time. However, this strategy is very effective in resisting censorship because it makes banning viral — if a relay wants to completely purge a particular pubkey from their database, they have to purge every event that references it, since events are tamper-proof. - In extremis, relay recommendations can always be communicated out-of-band. This can be done using manual input, QR codes, DHTs, jsonl torrents full of `kind 10002` events, or any other mechanism client developers choose to resort to. Another, more technical assumption is that any given query can be fulfilled by few enough relays that a client can actually make all the connections needed, without running into resource limits. If you're trying to request content from 10,000 users across 1,000 relays, you're going to have a bad time. This was [pointed out](https://coracle.social/nevent1qythwumn8ghj76twvfhhstnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0qyv8wumn8ghj7cm9d3kxzu3wdehhxarj9emkjmn99uq3samnwvaz7tmrwfjkzarj9ehx7um5wgh8w6twv5hsqgrn7l6zj7ht6ruyk76vvvtkfs4xrhyzc3tm64l3eyfvd40y26sz0gshmunh) to me by Mazin of [nostr.wine](https://nostr.wine). He makes a good point, and it's definitely something to keep in mind. There are some mitigating factors though. The first is that the current topology of the network probably won't persist forever. Because nostr is largely populated by self-hosting enthusiasts, the number of "tiny" relays is proportionally much higher than it will be if adoption picks up, even if the total number of relays grows. The trajectory is that nostr will drift toward fewer, larger relays, reducing the number of connections needed to fulfill any given query. This is "centralizing", but it's important to understand that this isn't necessarily a bad thing. As long as there are more than one or two large hubs, there is user choice. And as long as it's possible to run a new relay, there is always an escape hatch. Nostr, like bitcoin, has no hard dependency on the biggest player in the network. The other thing to consider is that there are lots of other techniques we can use to overcome the limits of the lowest-common denominator's limitations (mobile browser clients), including self hosted or third-party relay proxies. The trade-off here is that a little trust (aka centralization) can go a long way to reducing resource requirements needed to fulfill queries using the Outbox model. If you're interested in more details on this topic, see [this blog post](https://habla.news/u/hodlbod@coracle.social/sfwV1rNaoQXd65PbIMYgm). That was a long digression, but there is one other thing that the Outbox model assumes to be the case. Even if the correct relays are found and connected to, they still may not return all desired content, either because they don't have it, or because they refuse to return it to the user requesting it. This can happen if the publishing client isn't following the Outbox Model, if the author had migrated from one relay set to another without copying their notes over, or if the relay in question chose not to retain the author's content for some reason. The first two issues can be fixed by improving implementations, but the question of policy is a little more interesting. # Relativistic relays The Outbox Model is a mechanical process; it's only as useful as user relay selections are. In order for it to work, users have to be able to make intelligent relay selections. Every relay has trade-offs, depending on its policy. [140.f7z.io](wss://140.f7z.io) would not be useful for long-form content, for example. Some relays might have a content retention policy that changes depending on whether you're a paying user. If you don't pay, you might find out too late that your content has been deleted from the relay. So what makes a relay "good" for a particular use case? Well, it's complicated. Here are a few factors that go into that calculus: - Is the relay in the same geographical as the user? Proximity reduces latency, but jurisdictional arbitrage might be desired. Users should probably have a variety of relays that fit different profiles. - Will the relay ban the user? Do the operators have a history of good behavior? Is the relay focused on particular types of content? Is the relay's focus consistent with the user's goal in adding that relay to their list? - What are the relay's retention policies? A user might want to set up an archival relay for her old content, or a multi-availability-zone relay so her notes are immediately accessible to the rest of the network. - Does the relay require payment? Paid relays are more aligned with their users, but obviously come at a financial cost. - Does the relay have policies for read-protecting content? If so, other users might not be able to find your posts published to that relay. On the other hand, some relays are configured to work as inboxes for direct messages, which can help preserve privacy. - Does the relay request that users authenticate? Authentication can help manage spam, but it also allows relays to correlate content requests with users, reducing user privacy. - Is the relay you use hosted by your client's developer? If so, you're in danger of getting banned from your client and your relay at the same time. - Is the relay a hub? Using hubs can help smooth out rough areas in Outbox Model implementations, at the cost of centralization. - Is the relay used by anyone else? One-off relays can be useful for archival purposes, but often won't be used by clients following the Outbox Model, depending on how they optimize requests. There are lots of ways to approach the problem of helping users select relays, but it's an inherently complex problem which very few people will have the patience to properly address on their own. Relay selection is a multi-dimensional problem, and requires satisfying multiple constraints with a limited number of relay selections. In the future, special-purpose clients might be used to help people build relay sets. Clients also might provide curated "relay kits" that users can choose and customize. Or, we might see an increase in hybrid solutions, like smarter relay proxies or client-local relays that synchronize using other protocols or platforms. # The Limitations of Outbox Outbox is not a complete solution, not because of any of the caveats listed above, but because NIP 65 per se only addresses the question of how to index content by pubkey in a broadcast social media context. But there are many other scenarios for relay selection that Outbox does not solve: - Community, chat, and group posts might be best posted to relays dedicated to that context. - Direct messages shouldn't follow the same contours as public social media content. - Topic-oriented relays, or relays serving a custom feed might be useful independent of who uses them. - Relays focused on serving a particular kind of event, like music, long-form content, or relay selections, are useful independent of who reads from or writes to them. - Certain clients might need to fulfill particular use cases by using relays that support certain protocol features, like search, count, or sync commands. - Some events might not make sense to publish to relays, but should instead be shared only directly, out of band. Some of these use cases might be solved by new specifications similar to Outbox that prescribe where certain data belongs — for example, [NIP 17](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/17.md) requires users to publish a different relay list before they can receive direct messages, while [NIP 72](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/72.md) places community relay recommendations directly into the group's metadata object. A reasonably complete list of different relay types can be found in [this PR](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/issues/1282), very few of which have a canonical way to manage selections. Other use cases might be supported more informally, either by relays advertising their own value proposition, or via third-party [NIP 66](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/230) metadata. Still others might be supported by scoping the network down to only certain relays through explicit relay selection — this is how white-labeled [Coracle instances](https://coracle.tools/) work. The basic idea here is that there are categories of events that don't have anything to do with where a particular person puts his or her "tweets". For every "what" on nostr, there should be a "how". # Keep nostr weird Whatever additional systems we end up adopting for helping with relay selection, one thing is certain — people will continue to discover new, creative uses for relays, and we will always be playing catch up. This is one of the coolest things about nostr! But it does mean that users will have to adapt their expectations to a network that partitions, re-configures, and evolves over time. Nostr is not a "worse" experience than legacy social media, but it is a version of social media that has itself been set free from the stagnant walled-garden model. Nostr is in many ways a living organism — we should be careful not to impose our expectations prematurely, leaving room to discover what this thing actually is, or can be. If you enjoyed this post but want more take a look at the talk I gave at [Nostrasia](https://www.youtube.com/live/Nz15SyiwQFk?t=2751s) last year. I also wrote up a [blog post](https://habla.news/u/hodlbod@coracle.social/1700155417145) at about the same time that addresses some of the same issues, but focuses more on privacy concerns around relays and nostr groups. Finally, I recently wrote [this comment](https://github.com/nostrability/nostrability/issues/69#issuecomment-2310524841), which includes some details about challenges I've faced putting Outbox into Coracle.

@ 3e6e0735:9e95c8a2

Imagine a colorful world filled with vibrant villages, each bustling with activity. Each village has its own unique roads and parks where people gather to share their stories, pictures, and ideas. **Village A** is like a big, crowded gathering spot, similar to Facebook, where everyone loves to post their adventures. But there’s a dark cloud hanging over it. The village leaders, while wanting to keep things friendly, are constantly pressured by the government to monitor what people share. If someone posts something that the government doesn’t like, the leaders might say, > “Hold on! You can’t share that!” It feels more like a prison than a park, where the rules can change at any moment, and everyone is afraid to speak freely. **Village B** is a chaotic place where folks send quick messages back and forth, just like Twitter. Here, too, the leaders face immense pressure from the government to control conversations. If you say something that doesn’t fit the official narrative, they might silence you or even banish you from the village. Plus, when you share your thoughts, you don’t really own them. The leaders can sell your data and connections to the highest bidder, leaving you feeling like just another product. Then there’s **Village C**, a trendy spot for sharing beautiful photos, like Instagram. But beware! The leaders here are also under the thumb of the government, which has its own set of oppressive rules. If someone posts something that challenges the status quo, it might just vanish without a trace. And just like in the other villages, your data and followers aren’t really yours—they can be sold off without your consent. But wait! **Enter NOSTR**, the magical map that connects all the villages without any leaders telling you what you can or can’t share. It’s like building roads that anyone can use, with no gates or guards in sight. With NOSTR, if Village A wants to share a story with Village C, they can do it directly, or through Village B, without anyone stopping them. It’s permissionless, meaning you don’t need to ask for permission to share your thoughts or ideas. Plus, all content lives everywhere at once, thanks to special relays, so you can find it no matter where you are! Here’s the best part: with NOSTR, you own your own data, connections, and followers! It’s like having a special key that only you control. No one can sell your information or take away your followers because you’re the one in charge. And let’s not forget about the exciting micropayments called “zaps” using Bitcoin! Imagine if you could send a little thank-you to someone for a great story or a beautiful photo, right there in the moment. It’s like tossing a coin into a fountain to show your appreciation, but digital and instant! And here’s a side note: with the rise of AI, people can create even more amazing things, like art or stories, and share them freely through NOSTR. There’s no one to censor or control what you create, so everyone can express themselves fully. As more and more people flock to NOSTR, the other villages start to lose their users. They realize they need to adapt or risk fading away. Some leaders begin to think about integrating NOSTR into their own platforms, but there’s a catch: they have to rethink their entire profit model first. This leads to a battle of ideas, as they struggle to find a way to keep their users while also embracing the freedom that NOSTR offers. In the end, while the centralized parks are dark and oppressive, ruled by leaders who are pressured by the government to control every word and image, NOSTR allows all the villages to connect freely. It’s a place where everyone can share their voices without fear, a world of endless possibilities where creativity thrives, and you truly own your data and connections!

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

### The Contradiction? At first glance the Bible seems contradictory when it commands us regarding fear. It says: > Do not be afraid, little flock, for your Father has chosen gladly to give you the kingdom. (Luke 12:32) but it also says: > The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge; Fools despise wisdom and instruction. (Proverbs 1:7) Which is it? Are we to be afraid or not? Are we to fear God or fear nothing? Like other places in the Bible where there seems to be a contradiction, when the Bible is taken as a whole, there is no contradiction. The issue is more what we fear rather than whether we are afraid or not. We’ll go through a bunch of verses and see what the Bible says so we can work out what the Bible really says about fear. ### Fear God Let’s start with the verse we already read: > The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge; Fools despise wisdom and instruction. (Proverbs 1:7) If we want to grow in wisdom and knowledge, the Bible tells us we must fear God. What does this mean. I’ll start with a line out of the The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis. Lewis uses his character, a lion named Aslan, as a Christ-type. The Pevensy children are just learning about Aslan and this conversation occurs: > “Aslan is a lion- the Lion, the great Lion." "Ooh" said Susan. "I'd thought he was a man. Is he-quite safe? I shall feel rather nervous about meeting a lion"..."Safe?" said Mr Beaver ..."Who said anything about safe? 'Course he isn't safe. But he's good. He's the King, I tell you.” This was C.S. Lewis’s way of telling kids about Jesus and a proper fear of Him. The God of the Bible isn’t safe, but He is good. We should fear Him because of His holiness, His omniscience, and omnipotence, but we also can trust Him because of His goodness and mercy. We can trust Him because He knows all things and controls all things and nothing is out of His control. Too often today, people treat God as either their buddy or their magic, wish-granting genie. Both are totally wrong. Yes, God is loving, but bringing Him down to our level is not treating Him with the awe He deserves. We serves such an awesome God that we can’t fathom how good and powerful He is. He always should be honored, respected, and feared even knowing how much He loves us. As young kids, we knew our parents loved us, but we also feared them when we did wrong. We feared punishment. We feared their disappointment. We feared what they were able to do to us. We loved our parents, but they were not our buddies. God is so much more than our earthly parents. He is so much more holy. He is so much more knowledgeable. He is so much more powerful. He needs to be treated with orders of magnitude more respect and fear than our parents were. God also isn’t a magic, wish-granting genie that has to give us whatever we wish for. Yes, God gives believers many good things they ask for, but He only gives us those things that fulfill His will. He only gives us those things that are for our good and that enable us for the ministry He has for us. > You ask and do not receive, because you ask with wrong motives, so that you may spend it on your pleasures. (James 4:3) We need to fear the God of the Bible because “… *He is the radiance of His glory and the exact representation of His nature, and upholds all things by the word of His power*.” (Hebrews 1:3a) We owe Him our very existence and shouldn’t try to use Him for our convenience. We should fear what He could do to us if we don’t show Him the respect and honor He deserves. There are many verses that tell us we must “fear God” or speak well of “fear of the Lord.” When Peter is commanding believers what they should do, “fear God” is among the commands. > Honor all people, love the brotherhood, fear God, honor the king. (1 Peter 2:17) Solomon, immediately after becoming king, was asked by God what he would like to receive from God. Solomon asked for wisdom. He started his kingship with great wisdom that was sought after not only by the people of Israel, but by world leaders. Unfortunately, his wealth and power led him astray and he went seeking fulfillment in things other than God. At the end of his life, he wrote Ecclesiastes, where he lamented the vanity of everything he had tried and ended with this wisdom: > The conclusion, when all has been heard, is: fear God and keep His commandments, because this applies to every person. For God will bring every act to judgment, everything which is hidden, whether it is good or evil. (Ecclesiastes 12:13-14) The wisest man of all time (not counting Jesus) came to the conclusion that the key to wisdom and happiness was to “*fear God and keep His commandments*.” Solomon also says: > Although a sinner does evil a hundred times and may lengthen his life, still I know that it will be well for those who fear God, who fear Him openly. But it will not be well for the evil man and he will not lengthen his days like a shadow, because he does not fear God. (Ecclesiastes 8:12-13) I love how he says this, “*it will be well for those who fear God, who fear Him openly*." Do you fear God? Do you openly fear God? Solomon also effectively says that a man is evil because he does not fear God. It is our fear of God that keeps us on the straight path. We are called to fear God here, today, but everyone will fear God eventually. Revelation says: > and he (an angel) said with a loud voice, “Fear God, and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment has come; worship Him who made the heaven and the earth and sea and springs of waters.” (Revelation 14:7) {Clarification mine} When we fear Him today, we are blessed. If we wait till His judgement, we will know the ultimate fear as we face the wrath of the holy, creator God that we rejected. I wouldn’t wish that on my worst enemy. > O taste and see that the Lord is good;<br> How blessed is the man who takes refuge in Him!<br> O fear the Lord, you His saints;<br> For to those who fear Him there is no want. (Psalms 34:8=9) Fear God now, so you don’t have to fear God at the judgement. ### Fear Not Although the Bible repeatedly tells us to “fear God” or that “fear of the Lord” is a beneficial thing, it also tells us as often to “fear not” or “do not be afraid.” Now we will look at some of what the Bible says about not being afraid. > “Fear not, for you will not be put to shame;And do not feel humiliated, for you will not be disgraced;But you will forget the shame of your youth,And the reproach of your widowhood you will remember no more. (Isaiah 54:4) Much of our fear relates to shame and humiliation. We all want to be thought well of by our friends, family, God, and even total strangers. Strangely fear of humiliation may even be greater than our fear of worse things like sickness and death. Fear of shame and humiliation is also more harmful. It frequently leads us astray. Fear of embarrassment almost always leads us into sin, so God tells us to “*Fear not, for you will not be put to shame*.” This promise doesn’t mean we will never be embarrassed or nobody will ever think poorly about us. It does mean that faith in Jesus and faithfulness in following Him will lead us to the right words and actions. It means we will act correctly and we will not need to be ashamed of ourselves. It means we will be right with God, and being right with God is better than all the praise in the world. > For I am the Lord your God, who upholds your right hand,Who says to you, ‘Do not fear, I will help you.’ (Isaiah 41:13) Another reason to not fear is that, if we have trusted Jesus as Savior, we have God’s help and protection in all that we do. “*What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us?*” (Romans 8:31) If we are on God’s side, then we are on the winning side and there is no reason to fear anything, including persecution and death. God will always be with us. “*The things you have learned and received and heard and seen in me, practice these things, and the God of peace will be with you*.” (Philippians 4:9) Many times we fear that our physical needs will not be met, but Matthew says: > “For this reason I say to you, do not be worried about your life, as to what you will eat or what you will drink; nor for your body, as to what you will put on. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothing? … But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which is alive today and tomorrow is thrown into the furnace, will He not much more clothe you? You of little faith! Do not worry then, saying, ‘What will we eat?’ or ‘What will we drink?’ or ‘What will we wear for clothing?’ For the Gentiles eagerly seek all these things; for your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things. But seek first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things will be added to you. (Matthew 6:25,30-33) God provides for all of our needs. He knows our needs more than we know them ourselves. He knows the best way to provide for our needs, whether physical, spiritual, emotional, or social. He will provide all that we need, but rarely simply what we want. He looks at eternity and knows what is good for our long-term good and provides for eternity. Our eternal good only rarely aligns with our momentary comfort. Still, if we trust God and seek His guidance, we will find joy in His providence, His chastisement, and His will. If you have trusted Jesus as Savior, you also have the Comforter (Holy Spirit) who will provide for you, empower you, and guide you. He is with you and always listening to the cry of your heart. > You have heard my voice,“Do not hide Your ear from my prayer for relief,From my cry for help.”You drew near when I called on You;You said, “Do not fear!” (Lamentations 3:56-57) If you have Jesus as your Lord and Savior, there is nothing you need to fear. > There is no fear in love; but perfect love casts out fear, because fear involves punishment, and the one who fears is not perfected in love. (1 John 4:18) If you haven’t trusted Jesus as your creator God and Savior, you have everything to fear. > “I say to you, My friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body and after that have no more that they can do. But I will warn you whom to fear: fear the One who, after He has killed, has authority to cast into hell; yes, I tell you, fear Him! (Luke 12:4-5) Being a born-again, child of God is all that matters. With God we don’t need to fear anything else. ### The Right Fear In conclusion, if you don’t fear God, you must fear everything else. You will fear financial failure, being unpopular, relationship failure, illness, accidents, attacks, etc. Everything is a danger to you and there is nothing you can count on. On the other hand, if you fear God, then you don’t need to fear anything else. God takes care of His own. He has a plan that will be fulfilled even if the whole world fights against it. We aren’t promised an easy time, but we are promised His eternal good for us. He does promise us that good wins in the end. He does promise us an eternity with Him in heaven with no more sin, suffering, or sadness. > What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us? He who did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him over for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all things? (Romans 8:31-32) Trust Jesus. your sister in Christ, Christy Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated For more posts check out and subscribe to my [Trust Jesus Substack](https://trustjesus.substack.com/).

@ b83a28b7:35919450

Join nostr:npub1tvqc82mv8cezhax5r34n4muc2c4pgjz8kaye2smj032nngg52clq0rkrq4 and me for episode 76 of nostr:npub14kw5ygpl6fyqagh9cnrytyaqyacg46lzkq42vz7hk8txdk49kzxs04j7y0 this Friday, August 30th at 3pm ET (UTC -4) Our guest this week is nostr:npub1xv8mzscll8vvy5rsdw7dcqtd2j268a6yupr6gzqh86f2ulhy9kkqmclk3x from nostr:npub1getal6ykt05fsz5nqu4uld09nfj3y3qxmv8crys4aeut53unfvlqr80nfm who joins us to provide the lowdown on the recently launched Alby Hub You don't want to miss this one! Set your blockclocks! https://nostrnests.com/ [This is our first show announcement made from a long-form client, in keeping with QW and my #otherstuffchallenge]

@ 06639a38:655f8f71

## Project Updates In general the most detailed updates can be found here: [https://nostrver.se/blog](https://nostrver.se/blog)  Done in the library itself: * Improved handling of relay responses * Added a `RelaySet` class to send a event to multiple relays * Added the feature to fetch and read events from relays * Further integration of NIP-01 with message types which can be send to relays * Merged the following pull requests * [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/55](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/55) * [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/57](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/57) * [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/52](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/52) * Processed the following issues * [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/58](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/58) * [https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzphtxf40yq9jr82xdd8cqtts5szqyx5tcndvaukhsvfmduetr85ceqy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3zamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0qqsq3utlvgf6tz88ctexwu8ppgct9dkahmv5esxhmmgphv675get22qmzah0a](https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzphtxf40yq9jr82xdd8cqtts5szqyx5tcndvaukhsvfmduetr85ceqy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3zamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0qqsq3utlvgf6tz88ctexwu8ppgct9dkahmv5esxhmmgphv675get22qmzah0a) Stuff done around the library (and advocating Nostr): * Code documentation website: [https://phpdoc.nostr-php.dev/](https://phpdoc.nostr-php.dev/) (generated with phpdoc based on the docblocks in the library code) * Migrated the the [https://nostrver.se](https://nostrver.se) website from a static to a Drupal website. There I'm sharing notes and long-form content around my contributions to Nostr. This includes a weekly report on the stuff I worked on for the Nostr-PHP library. This Drupal website uses the Nostr-PHP for the content crosspost feature, check this note with a demo here: [https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3camnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwdjkyctnw35hstnnda3kjctv9uqzqj75dy5eps3lgwum7f9p2l8sywy7wuxjr08pyhzyzv9mklylaydgdyll3z](https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3camnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwdjkyctnw35hstnnda3kjctv9uqzqj75dy5eps3lgwum7f9p2l8sywy7wuxjr08pyhzyzv9mklylaydgdyll3z)  * Setup a documentation and educational website for the library: https://nostr-php.dev * Researching runtime solutions with async and concurrency features * Met Dries Buytaert at Drupaljam (founder and tech lead of Drupal) who wrote this about Nostr on his blog: https://dri.es/nostr-love-at-first-sight. Here is my recap of the event: [https://sebastix.nl/blog/photodump-and-highlights-drupaljam-2024/](https://sebastix.nl/blog/photodump-and-highlights-drupaljam-2024/). I know he is following my contribs by RSS. * Did a short Nostr introduction in a Dutch webinar (skip to 38m00s) - [https://keuzevrijbijmij.webinargeek.com/watch/replay/3487925/f29f93e939ffce35ac4593e407d03a9e/](https://keuzevrijbijmij.webinargeek.com/watch/replay/3487925/f29f93e939ffce35ac4593e407d03a9e/) In July I had two weeks off as a summer holidays with the family. ## Plans for Next Quarter * Attend Nostriga conference in Riga in August * Finish up the NIP-01 integration with different types of relay responses * Continue research async, do some benchmarking and it to the library * Writing more documentation for the [https://nostr-php.dev](https://nostr-php.dev) website * Implement NIP-42 * Implement NIP-50 * Implement NIP-19 * Find other PHP devs in the nostrverse and invite them for contributing to and tinkering with the library * Attend as a crew volunteer for setting up a Nostr booth at Bitcoin Amsterdam 2024 together with the side-event NostrDam ## Use of Funds * Livings costs * Visited the NostrDam meetup during the Adopting Bitcoin Arnhem conference (3 days in May) * BitPopArt created a Nostr-PHP logo - see [https://nostr-php.dev/assets/nostr-php_hero-splash.png](https://nostr-php.dev/assets/nostr-php_hero-splash.png) and [https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqsa64uxz3ek0kx2mzlhqs0seavay4l06c4xek6a0zup8pmge8c6vqy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq35amnwvaz7tms09exzmtfvshxv6tpw34xze3wvdhk6tcqypr6u8rc0u5rl283e6humaef5uyynfq5cdnsf08wj6h4nlwtuuk4267kz9a](https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqsa64uxz3ek0kx2mzlhqs0seavay4l06c4xek6a0zup8pmge8c6vqy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq35amnwvaz7tms09exzmtfvshxv6tpw34xze3wvdhk6tcqypr6u8rc0u5rl283e6humaef5uyynfq5cdnsf08wj6h4nlwtuuk4267kz9a)  * Acquisition of the [https://nostr-php.dev](https://nostr-php.dev) domain * Made a t-shirt with the Nostr-PHP logo

@ 9ca0bd74:4052340b

I don't think clients should assume everyone or most people are joining from bitcointwitter, although that does seem to be the case, it further cements the silo. I think they do this perhaps unintentionally, perhaps slightly intentionally to retain those users. You see this assumption in user recommendations at onboarding and sidebars of highlighted notes. It screams "hello, bitcointwitter expat, look we have that Natalie Brunel here, and Carla, look Jimmy Song is here... everyone you love is here!" Which imo is totally alienating to anyone outside of this very specific bubble (and even some inside that bubble who are on bitcointwitter but have follows outside of that bubble too). https://image.nostr.build/5d3af6ea8dc9473a1180c597f69aa90ae5409ca495c69d7e8bad13e6bc100213.jpg You also see this in responses to the problem people raise of not finding content. The tired response of 'just follow more people' you see in #introductions too. This might be fine if you're coming from bitcointwitter (maybe you want to see a dozen more posts per second of people saying 'stack sats and stay humble' and an ai image of a robot holding a bitcoin, I don't know). But this doesn't help someone looking for other topics. Twitter is bigger than bitcointwitter. People interested in topiary can find that content on twitter, or Herefordshire folklore, an expert in eel migration, or a cultural commentator, or their favourite ayahuasca enema philosopher etc etc. They can find that on wider twitter. No amount of following numbers will help that on nostr. It's not here.... yet. Perhaps recommendations of topic hashtags to follow at the onboarding stage, or RSS feed accounts... or just acknowledging it's not here. I think it's fine to acknowledge this to somehow retain at least a semblance of this not just being a bitcoin telegram group for bitcointourettes. https://image.nostr.build/53edfb0524086d3a8f5bf8dffe60de177f7436b6eb18c0fed97cffd7e025d228.jpg

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

สำหรับชาว Bitcoin ที่ติดตาม RS มาตลอด คงเข้าใจดีว่า Bitcoin คือที่สุดของสกุลเงินดิจิทัล ใช่แล้วครับ.. Bitcoin ได้รับสมยานามว่าเป็นทองคำดิจิทัล มีค่ามาก ปลอดภัยสูงสุด แต่การทำธุรกรรมบนเลเยอร์ 1 นั้นก็ยังคงยากเย็นแสนเข็ญ แล้ว Lightning Network ล่ะ? มันก็เหมือน "ระบบการโอนเงินอย่างรวดเร็ว" (บนเลเยอร์ 2) ที่ทำให้การแลกเปลี่ยน Bitcoin รวดเร็ว ปลอดภัย และค่าธรรมเนียมถูกลง แต่มันก็ยังจำกัดอยู่แค่การแลกเปลี่ยน Bitcoin เท่านั้น Lnfi (เดิมชื่อ NostrAssets) เคลมว่าแพลตฟอร์มของพวกเขาเปรียบเสมือน "ศูนย์การค้า" ที่อาจจะเปลี่ยนโฉมหน้าของ Bitcoin และ Lightning Network ไปตลอดกาล โดยมีเป้าหมายที่จะช่วยให้ Bitcoin ไม่ใช่แค่สกุลเงินดิจิทัล แต่ยังเป็นแพลตฟอร์มสำหรับการสร้างแอปพลิเคชันและบริการทางการเงินแบบกระจายอำนาจอีกด้วย // ข้อมูลนี้เป็นการสรุปจากเอกสารของ Lnfi ผู้ที่สนใจสามารถศึกษาเพิ่มเติมได้ที่เว็บไซต์ของ https://image.nostr.build/9b746f8cc8db44a0b5380c595e32a2dcfcffbecf97c0718dbed3b02ca01a3dbc.jpg ## **🤔 Lnfi คืออะไร?** Lnfi นิยามตัวเองว่าเป็น Layer 2.5 ซึ่งเป็นเลเยอร์ที่อยู่ระหว่าง Layer 2 และ Layer 3 โดยทำหน้าที่เชื่อมต่อทั้งสองเลเยอร์เข้าด้วยกัน พวกเขาระบุว่าเป้าหมายคือการนำ Web3 และโทเค็นมาสู่ Lightning Network และสร้างระบบนิเวศแบบกระจายอำนาจสำหรับแอปพลิเคชัน ## **🤔 แล้ว Lnfi ทำงานอย่างไร?** Lnfi ใช้ Taproot Assets (เดิมชื่อ Taro) ซึ่งเป็นโปรโตคอลใหม่ ที่ช่วยให้สามารถออกสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลบนบล็อกเชนของ Bitcoin ได้ สินทรัพย์เหล่านี้จะสามารถโอนผ่าน Lightning Network ได้อย่างราบรื่น Lnfi อ้างว่าสิ่งนี้จะทำให้การทำธุรกรรมรวดเร็ว ปริมาณมาก และมีค่าธรรมเนียมต่ำ ## **🤔 เจ้า Lnfi มันมีอะไรน่าสนใจบ้าง?** Lnfi ระบุว่าแพลตฟอร์มของพวกเขาทำได้มากกว่าการแลกเปลี่ยน Bitcoin ไม่ได้จำกัดอยู่แค่การแลกเปลี่ยน Bitcoin กันเท่านั้น แต่ยังขยายไปสู่การออกโทเค็น, ระดมทุน, stake, lock, ให้ของขวัญ และซื้อขายสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลบน Lightning Network ได้ ลองนึกถึงการมี Stablecoin วิ่งอยู่บน Lightning ดูครับ.. Lnfi เชื่อว่ามันจะช่วยลดภาระบล็อกเชนของ Bitcoin ช่วยให้การทำธุรกรรม Bitcoin บนเลเยอร์ 1 ราบรื่นขึ้น (เพราะไม่ได้วิ่งบนเลเยอร์ 1) ช่วยเพิ่มทราฟฟิกและการใช้งานบนเลเยอร์ชั้นถัดไป.. ทำให้เกิด Adoption ได้ง่ายขึ้น นอกจากนี้ Lnfi ยังเคลมว่าแพลตฟอร์มของพวกเขาใช้งานง่ายด้วยภาษาธรรมชาติ โดยผู้ใช้สามารถใช้คำสั่งภาษาธรรมชาติ (ภาษาพูดธรรมดา) ผ่าน Nostr Protocol เพื่อโต้ตอบกับ Lnfi ได้อย่างง่ายดาย ผู้ใช้สามารถส่งคำสั่งผ่านแอปพลิเคชัน Nostr เช่น Damus เพื่อสั่งให้ Lnfi ดำเนินการต่างๆ เช่น การโอนสินทรัพย์ เป็นต้น (สามารถศึกษาเพิ่มเติมได้ในเอกสารของ Lnfi) Lnfi อ้างว่าธุรกรรมทั้งหมดบนแพลตฟอร์มไม่มีค่าธรรมเนียม อย่างไรก็ตามควรตรวจสอบข้อมูลนี้อีกครั้งจากเอกสารของ Lnfi ในด้านความปลอดภัยและความโปร่งใส Lnfi ระบุว่าการดำเนินการทั้งหมดของผู้ใช้จะถูกเข้ารหัสและสามารถตรวจสอบได้บน NostrAssets Explorer และ Lnfi ยังอ้างว่าแพลตฟอร์มของพวกเขามีประสิทธิภาพสูง เพราะสามารถรองรับธุรกรรมจำนวนมากต่อวินาที (TPS) ได้ https://image.nostr.build/7eeaf1a10b1afb6e8d6d1e546793ea253de671176754fb350cca3f790ed153e7.jpg ## **บริการต่างๆ บนแพลตฟอร์ม Lnfi** **MicroNode** บริการที่ Lnfi เคลมว่าจะช่วยให้ผู้ใช้สามารถตั้งค่าและจัดการ Lightning Node บนคลาวด์ได้ โดยไม่ต้องมีความรู้ทางเทคนิค ผู้ใช้สามารถควบคุม Bitcoin ของตนเองได้อย่างเต็มที่ โดย MicroNode จะทำหน้าที่เป็น Lightning Node ให้กับผู้ใช้ โดย Lnfi จะดูแลเรื่องการติดตั้งและดูแลเซิร์ฟเวอร์ให้ **Lightning Starter** แพลตฟอร์มที่ Lnfi อ้างว่าจะช่วยให้โครงการต่างๆ สามารถระดมทุนและออกโทเค็นได้อย่างยุติธรรมและโปร่งใส **LN Exchange** แพลตฟอร์มการแลกเปลี่ยนแบบกระจายอำนาจสำหรับการซื้อขาย Bitcoin และ Taproot Assets ที่ Lnfi เคลมว่าจะรวดเร็ว ปลอดภัย และค่าธรรมเนียมต่ำ เวิร์คช็อป Lnfi ในเวที Advanced Stage ของงาน #TBC2024 (วันที่ 14 กันยายน 2567) เวิร์คช็อป Lnfi จะเป็นโอกาสดี ที่เราจะได้เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับแพลตฟอร์มนี้จากผู้เชี่ยวชาญโดยตรง เตรียมตัวให้พร้อมกับคำถามที่น่าสนใจ แล้วมาพบกันในงานครับ.. https://image.nostr.build/ca3da44972ebbe48f39fe842834e1679202c17f180cf017fb705420a09154457.jpg # **เนื้อหาเสริม..** **เจาะลึกคำว่า Layer 2.5 และหลักการทำงานของ Lnfi** ในโลกของบล็อกเชน คำว่า "เลเยอร์" (Layer) มักถูกใช้เพื่ออธิบายระดับต่างๆ ของโครงสร้างพื้นฐาน ซึ่ง Bitcoin เองก็มีเลเยอร์ต่างๆ อยู่เช่นกัน เพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพและความสามารถในการใช้งาน เลเยอร์ 1 (Layer 1): คือบล็อกเชนหลักของ Bitcoin ที่บันทึกธุรกรรมทั้งหมด เป็นเหมือนฐานรากของระบบ เรียกว่า Base Layer หรือเลเยอร์ชั้นฐาน (บ้างก็เรียก Bitcoin Chain, Main Chain คือเชนหลักที่ Settle ธุรกรรมในทุกๆ ประมาณ 10 นาทีนั่นเอง) เลเยอร์ 2 (Layer 2): ถูกสร้างขึ้นบนเลเยอร์ 1 เพื่อเพิ่มความเร็วและลดค่าธรรมเนียมในการทำธุรกรรม (Scaling) ตัวอย่างเช่น Lightning Network, โปรโตคอล ARK เป็นต้น เลเยอร์ 3 (Layer 3): มักจะเกี่ยวข้องกับแอปพลิเคชันและบริการที่สร้างขึ้นบนเลเยอร์ 2 อีกที เช่น แอปพลิเคชันกระเป๋าเงินต่างๆ แล้ว Layer 2.5 ล่ะ? มันอยู่ตรงไหน? ## **🤔 Layer 2.5 คืออะไร?** Layer 2.5 เป็นเลเยอร์ที่อยู่ระหว่าง Layer 2 และ Layer 3 ทำหน้าที่เชื่อมต่อทั้งสองเลเยอร์เข้าด้วยกัน และเพิ่มขีดความสามารถให้กับทั้งสองเลเยอร์ Lnfi ก็คือ Layer 2.5 นั่นเองครับ (Lnfi นิยามตัวเองว่าเป็น Layer 2.5) โดย Lnfi ทำหน้าที่เชื่อมต่อ Lightning Network (Layer 2) และ Nostr Protocol (ซึ่งอาจจัดได้ว่าเป็น Layer 3) เข้าด้วยกัน เพื่อให้สามารถออกโทเค็นและสร้างแอปพลิเคชันแบบกระจายอำนาจได้ ## **📌 หลักการทำงานของ Lnfi** Lnfi ทำหน้าที่เป็นสะพานเชื่อมระหว่าง Bitcoin, Lightning Network และ Nostr Protocol โดยใช้ประโยชน์จากจุดแข็งของแต่ละเลเยอร์ เพื่อสร้างแพลตฟอร์มทางการเงินแบบกระจายอำนาจที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูง - **"Bitcoin"** เป็นรากฐานของระบบนิเวศ Lnfi โดย Lnfi จะใช้ Bitcoin เป็นสินทรัพย์หลักและเป็นเลเยอร์สำหรับการบันทึกข้อมูลขั้นสุดท้าย (final settlement) - **"Lightning Network"** Lnfi จะใช้ Lightning Network เพื่อเพิ่มความเร็วและลดค่าธรรมเนียมในการทำธุรกรรม ทำให้การโอน Bitcoin และ Taproot Assets รวดเร็วและมีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้น - **"Taproot Assets"** (TARO เดิม) เป็นโปรโตคอลที่ช่วยให้สามารถออกสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลบนบล็อกเชนของ Bitcoin ได้ (Tokenization) โดย Lnfi ใช้ Taproot Assets เพื่อสร้างโทเค็นและสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลอื่นๆ ขึ้นมา (Mint) - **"Nostr Protocol"** เป็นโปรโตคอลแบบกระจายอำนาจสำหรับการส่งข้อความและข้อมูล Lnfi อ้างว่าผู้ใช้สามารถใช้คำสั่งภาษาธรรมชาติผ่าน Nostr Protocol เพื่อโต้ตอบกับแพลตฟอร์มได้ และสร้างแอปพลิเคชันแบบกระจายอำนาจขึ้นมา ## **📌 Lnfi ทำงานผ่าน LN Assets Daemon (LAD)** LAD เป็นกระบวนการเบื้องหลังที่ทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวกลางระหว่าง Taproot Assets, Lightning Network และ Nostr Protocol LAD จะช่วยให้ผู้ใช้สามารถ.. - ฝากและถอน Bitcoin และ Taproot Assets - โอนสินทรัพย์ระหว่างบัญชี Nostr - ซื้อขาย Bitcoin และ Taproot Assets บน LN Exchange - จัดการ Lightning Node ผ่าน MicroNode ## **หมายเหตุ** บทความนี้จัดทำขึ้นเพื่อเป็นการสรุปข้อมูลที่เผยแพร่โดย Lnfi เท่านั้น โดยมีเจตนาเพื่อนำเสนอข้อมูลเบื้องต้น และเปิดโอกาสให้ผู้อ่านได้ศึกษาเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับโปรเจคนี้ ผู้เขียนไม่ได้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับ Lnfi และไม่ได้มีเจตนาชี้ชวนให้เชื่อหรือสนับสนุนโปรเจคนี้แต่อย่างใด ข้อมูลและข้อความในบทความนี้อาจไม่สมบูรณ์หรือล้าสมัยในอนาคตหลังจากนี้ ผู้อ่านควรศึกษาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมจากแหล่งข้อมูลอื่นๆ และทำการตรวจสอบข้อเท็จจริงด้วยตนเองก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุนหรือดำเนินการใดๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Lnfi การลงทุนในสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลมีความเสี่ยงสูง ผู้อ่านควรศึกษาและทำความเข้าใจความเสี่ยงต่างๆ ก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุน - - - Your truly, Jakk Goodday 🥳

@ 5b0183ab:a114563e

While we watch the world slip further and further into geo political turmoil it's adundently clear that information will be a choke point and platforms will bend the knee, or suffer consequences. We recently witnessed the threat of TikTok take down, X being targeted by the EU for misinformation, and now the CEO of Telegram being arrested in France. But I am not hear to talk about CEO's, massive corporate conglomerates, or government overreach.... I am here to talk about the everyday internet citizen making a livelihood on the internet. The bakery owner, the tech company, the real estate agent, the YouTube content creator, the podcast extraordinaire and on and on. Anyone making a living within the walled garden of a platform are reliant upon the choices that one company makes. You see unlike platforms, Nostr is a censorship resistant, permissionless protocol in which you create your identity on. It's decentralized cohesion with no single point of failure. It sets your profile free of any barrier of departure. When you build your brand on one client (app) it works in the next. Your followers, your follows, your communication, your entire social graph is present and interoperable. For the first time, all the time you spent cultivating your livelihood is truly owned by you. So let's zoom out and talk about what this revolutionary approach achieves. This shifts the power back to the individual. Clients are beholden to your needs, your desires. The free market of choice is achieved by demand for certain features, certain algorithms, certain actions. We are no longer beholden to the choices of few that can decimate our livelihoods. Clients become powerless to free market will. We are never sold out in the form of a privacy policy update, added fees or any other sly roundabout way of profiteering without consequences. When users wield the power, they dictate demand which in turn drives client innovation. When we look back at the past few decades we see the variation of fads, the build ups of platforms and the ultimate demise of technological cycles. AOL, Myspace, Facebook, Snapchat, etc.... Would if your work you put into those platforms building your brand, your time.... was transferrable? As in, your brand lives on and you do not need to "start over?" You see, this is exactly what Nostr provides. Nostr captures your time and builds value through time. This is revolutionary in a day and age where you are the product within the silos. Over the past couple years we have seen an explosion of Nostr clients hit the ecosystem. Everything you can possibly want and desire as a creator or consumer is being built on Nostr, or can be. While it is very much early, it is growing at a steady pace and the time is now to own your piece of internet sovereignty. In closing, I will leave you with this.... Based off history we can easily predict what platforms will do over time. What we cannot predict is what Nostr will do in time, and that's the most exciting part.

@ b83a28b7:35919450

On last week's episode of Plebchain Radio, QW and I announced something unusual - we would be taking a week off posting kind 1 notes on the Twitter clone clients - Primal, Damus, Nostur, etc. The clock started right after our show was posted on Friday, August 23rd and ends with show this Friday, August 30th. https://video.nostr.build/741cd7a0dd33e1ce815490d14069af96579ce47c92ea04240592c7bbb2de3a65.mp4 The idea behind the challenge is to see how much we can participate in the network without resorting to it's most accessible form of communication - kind 1 notes (the equivalent of tweets/replies). Halfway into the challenge, we've boosted and commented on shows on Fountain, zapped songs on Wavlake, commented on recipes on zap.cooking, watched videos on zap.stream and tunestr, and written the odd long-form note (oh, alright, just this one so far). It's been fun, but has also created an odd sense of sensory deprivation. We will share more details on our experience on this week's Plebchain Radio episode. Right, I'm off to explore the rest of the other-stuff-verse. I'd urge everyone to give this challenge a try. It might change how you view nostr.

@ af9c48b7:a3f7aaf4

## Chef's notes Easy recipe with simple ingredients. This recipe uses some store bought, precooked items as way to cut down on cook time. I recommend letting the vegetables thaw if you don't like them on the firm/crunchy side.Feel free to substitute fresh ingredients if you have the time and want to make the extra effort. ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min - 🍳 Cook time: 50 min - 🍽️ Servings: 8-10 ## Ingredients - 2 (8 oz) packages refrigerated crescent rolls (dough sheets preferred) - 1 pound cooked rotisserie chicken (deboned and chopped) - 2 table spoons of butter - 2 (10 once) packages of frozen mixed vegetables - 1 (15 once can sliced potatoes (drained) - 1 (10.5 once) can condensed cream of chicken soup - 1 (10.5 once) can condensed cream of mushroom soup - 1/2 cup milk - salt and ground pepper to taste ## Directions 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Line the botton of 9x13-inch baking dish with one can of crescent roll dough. If you don't get the sheet dough, be sure to pinch the seams together. 2. Melt the butter in a sauce pan over medium heat. Then add the chicken, mixed vegetables, and sliced potatoes (recommend cutting into smaller pieces). Cook, stirring frequently, until vegetables are thawed and mixture is heated through, 5 to 7 minutes. 3. While the mixed vegetables are heating, warm both cans of condensed soup in a seperate pan over medium-low heat. Slowly add milk and cook, stirring frequently, until combined and heated through, about 3 minutes. 4. Add the soup mixture to the chicken mixture, then pour into the baking dish. Top with the second can of crescent roll dough. Feel free to cut some slits in dough if you are using the dough sheets. Cover lightly with foil to prevent the crescent roll dough from browning too quickly. 5. Bake in oven until heated through and dough is a golden brown. Cook time should be around 45-50 minutes I reommend removing the foil for the last 10 minutes to get a golden crust. Be sure to keep a close watch on the crust after removing the foil because it will brown quickly.

@ b83a28b7:35919450

https://image.nostr.build/df0721d6d45d82db35d06663a0318ffe68c0b2b3c694888d23694efcc4255de5.gif

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

เรื่องมันมีอยู่ว่า.. เมื่อไม่นานมานี้พึ่งเกิดข่าวใหญ่สะเทือนวงการเทคฯ เมื่อ Pavel Durov ผู้ก่อตั้ง Telegram แอปฯ แชทสีฟ้าขวัญใจมหาชน โดนรวบตัวคาสนามบินที่ฝรั่งเศส เหตุการณ์นี้เป็นเหมือนสัญญาณเตือนภัยถึงเสรีภาพในโลกดิจิทัลที่กำลังถูกสั่นคลอน.. https://image.nostr.build/85d4e936e765e2f08596c278369bf258d2bcf85566817521ac73eebaf37fbc07.jpg ก่อนอื่น.. ต้องยอมรับว่า Telegram นั้นเหนือกว่า Line, WhatsApp, Messenger ที่หลายคนคุ้นเคย แต่เพราะอะไรล่ะ? Telegram ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงแค่แอปพลิเคชันแชททั่วไป แต่เป็นแพลตฟอร์มที่ให้ความสำคัญกับความเป็นส่วนตัวอย่างแท้จริง ทุกข้อความ รูปภาพ และวิดีโอที่ส่งผ่าน Telegram จะถูกเข้ารหัสทันที (End-to-End Encryption) และจะมีเพียงผู้ส่งและผู้รับเท่านั้นที่สามารถถอดรหัสได้ แม้แต่ทีมงานของ Telegram เองก็ไม่สามารถเข้าถึงข้อมูลเหล่านั้นได้ นั่นทำให้มั่นใจได้ว่าทุกการสื่อสารจะเป็นส่วนตัวและปลอดภัยอย่างแท้จริง ต่างจากแอปพลิเคชันอื่นๆ ที่มักมีข่าวข้อมูลรั่วไหลอยู่บ่อยครั้ง นอกจากนี้ Telegram ยังยืนหยัดในการต่อต้านการเซ็นเซอร์ทุกรูปแบบ ด้วยระบบการทำงานแบบกระจายศูนย์ที่ไม่มีเซิร์ฟเวอร์กลาง ทำให้ยากต่อการควบคุมหรือปิดกั้น แม้รัฐบาลจะสั่งแบน แต่ Telegram ก็ยังคงสามารถเข้าถึงได้จากทุกมุมโลก นี่จึงเป็นเหตุผลที่ Telegram ได้รับความนิยมอย่างมากในประเทศที่ปกครองด้วยระบอบเผด็จการ เพราะมันเป็นเครื่องมือสำคัญในการต่อสู้เพื่อประชาธิปไตย ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น Telegram ยังโดดเด่นด้วยฟีเจอร์ที่หลากหลายและครบครัน ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการสร้างกลุ่ม ช่อง การใช้งานบอท การส่งสติกเกอร์ การโหวต และการโอนเงินด้วยคริปโตฯ เรียกได้ว่าเป็นศูนย์รวมทุกอย่างไว้ในแอปพลิเคชันเดียว https://image.nostr.build/4e8d6569ee30cf14ab59861eede241ecf1e3a7440bdfa61ad6027187417b782c.jpg ที่สำคัญ Telegram ได้พิสูจน์ตัวเองในฐานะฮีโร่ในยามวิกฤตมาแล้ว ตัวอย่างเช่น.. ช่วงสงครามรัสเซีย-ยูเครน Telegram กลายเป็นเครื่องมือสำคัญในการแชร์ข่าว เตือนภัย ระดมทุน และประสานงานช่วยเหลือผู้คน นี่คือบทพิสูจน์ที่ชัดเจนว่าเทคโนโลยีสามารถสร้าง "ความเปลี่ยนแปลง" ได้อย่างแท้จริง ด้วยความเหนือชั้นที่ว่ามา.. จึงไม่แปลกใจเลยที่ Telegram จะมีผู้ใช้งานทั่วโลกกว่า 900 ล้านคน นอกจากนี้ Pavel Durov ผู้สร้าง Telegram ก็เคยสร้าง VK โซเชียลดังในรัสเซีย แต่สุดท้ายก็ต้องหนี เพราะไม่ยอมให้รัฐบาลมาล้วงข้อมูลผู้ใช้ และครั้งนี้ก็เช่นกัน.. การที่ Durov โดนจับที่ฝรั่งเศส มันทำให้อดคิดไม่ได้ว่า อาจจะมีเงื่อนงำบางอย่างซ่อนอยู่ก็เป็นได้.. (Don’t trust, verify) (เหล่านี้เป็นเพียงการตั้งสมมติฐาน ซึ่งไม่มีหลักฐานยืนยันที่ชัดเจนแต่อย่างใด โปรดใช้วิจารณญาณในการอ่าน..) ข้อสันนิษฐานที่ว่า Telegram อาจมีความสัมพันธ์กับรัสเซีย แม้จะพยายามแสดงจุดยืนเป็นกลางและเป็นอิสระจากรัฐบาลก็ตาม ก็คือช่องทางอย่าง Toncoin Toncoin เดิมทีมีชื่อว่า Telegram Open Network (TON) และถูกพัฒนาโดยทีม Telegram นำโดย Durov เอง (และ Durov ก็เป็นชาวรัสเซีย) แม้ต่อมา Telegram จะอ้างว่าตัดความสัมพันธ์กับ Toncoin ไปแล้ว (แต่ความสัมพันธ์ในอดีตก็ยังถูกหยิบยกมาเป็นข้อกังขาได้) โดยเฉพาะเมื่อพิจารณาว่ารัสเซียกำลังมีข้อพิพาทกับใครอยู่บ้าง.. มีรายงานว่า Toncoin ระดมทุนจากนักลงทุนชาวรัสเซียจำนวนมาก ซึ่งอาจบ่งชี้ถึงความเชื่อมโยงกับกลุ่มทุนในรัสเซีย หรือการจับกุม Durov ครั้งนี้อาจเป็นแผนการเล่นเกมส์การเมืองระดับโลกก็เป็นได้ บางทีนี่อาจเป็นการเชือดไก่ให้ลิงดู แสดงให้เห็นถึงแสนยานุภาพของชาติมหาอำนาจที่ต้องการควบคุม Telegram เพราะหวั่นเกรงว่ามันจะเป็นเครื่องมือปลุกระดมมวลชน ที่ผ่านมา Telegram ถูกใช้เป็นเครื่องมือในการต่อสู้เรียกร้องประชาธิปไตยมาแล้วหลายครั้ง ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการประท้วงในฮ่องกง การเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองในเบลารุส หรือการต่อต้านรัฐประหารในเมียนมาร์ ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น.. ในโลกยุคดิจิทัลที่ "ข้อมูลมีค่ากว่าทองคำ” ใครก็ตามที่สามารถควบคุม Telegram ได้ ก็เท่ากับควบคุมกระบอกเสียงที่ทรงพลัง สามารถชี้นำความคิด สร้างกระแส และควบคุมมวลชนได้อย่างง่ายดาย หรือบางที Durov อาจไปขัดขาผลประโยชน์ของใครบางคนใน Silicon Valley จนถูกสั่งเก็บในรูปแบบนี้ อย่าลืมว่าเบื้องหลังวงการเทคโนโลยีนั้นโหดร้ายกว่าที่เราคิด และบริษัทเทคฯ ยักษ์ใหญ่ต่างก็มีสายสัมพันธ์อันดีกับรัฐบาล ไม่ใช่เพียงแค่รัฐบาลยุโรปที่ Durov มีปัญหา เพราะแม้แต่ FBI ของอเมริกายังเคยพยายามแทรกแซง Telegram มาแล้ว มีรายงานว่า FBI พยายามติดต่อ Durov หลายครั้ง ทั้งขู่ ทั้งล่อ ให้เปิดเผยข้อมูลผู้ใช้ แถมยังชวนวิศวกรในทีม Telegram ให้แอบใส่ช่องโหว่ในระบบอีกต่างหาก แต่ Durov และทีมงานก็แน่วแน่ไม่หวั่นไหว พวกเขายืนหยัดปกป้องข้อมูลผู้ใช้ราวกับเป็นนักรบ จน FBI ต้องถอยทัพกลับไปแบบหน้าแตกยับเยิน https://image.nostr.build/d2b0dae3bc84034af3d5cc068f15b223511acd2c8e378da1ade3d3c845e88332.jpg มีบุคคลสำคัญที่ออกมาแสดงความคิดเห็นต่อกรณีนี้ ได้แก่ Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Elon Musk และ Chris Pavlovski ซีอีโอของ Rumble โดย Kennedy ได้เน้นย้ำถึงความสำคัญเร่งด่วนในการปกป้องเสรีภาพในการพูด ในขณะที่ Musk เรียกร้องให้ปล่อยตัว Durov หลายครั้ง ส่วน Pavlovski วิจารณ์การกระทำของฝรั่งเศสโดยมองว่าเป็นการล้ำเส้นในเรื่องของการเซ็นเซอร์ พวกเขามองว่าการจับกุม Durov เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของปัญหาใหญ่ที่เกี่ยวกับเสรีภาพทางอินเทอร์เน็ตและการควบคุมของรัฐบาลต่อแพลตฟอร์มดิจิทัล การจับกุมครั้งนี้จุดประกายการถกเถียงอย่างดุเดือดเกี่ยวกับความสมดุลระหว่างเสรีภาพและการควบคุมในยุคดิจิทัล โดย Telegram กลายเป็นสมรภูมิสำคัญ กรณีนี้ชวนให้ตั้งคำถามสำคัญเกี่ยวกับอนาคตของเสรีภาพออนไลน์และบทบาทของเทคโนโลยีในสังคม.. https://image.nostr.build/31b1fa6cf2a4a67aebe473d03d9d542295de6e35640e14aab99fd9b899fa1bd6.jpg ## **Telegram กับ Youtube บทเรียนราคาแพงของการเซ็นเซอร์** การจับกุม Durov เกิดขึ้นในช่วงเวลาไล่เลี่ยกับกรณีของ “Simply Bitcoin” ช่อง Youtube ที่สอนเรื่อง Bitcoin ที่มียอดผู้ติดตามกว่า 2 ล้านคน ถูก Youtube ปิดกั้นโดยให้เหตุผลว่า "ละเมิดนโยบาย" ซึ่งเป็นข้อกล่าวหาที่คลุมเครือและไม่มีหลักฐานอะไรชัดเจน เหตุการณ์นี้แสดงให้เห็นว่า.. แม้แต่แพลตฟอร์มที่ดูเหมือนเปิดกว้างอย่าง Youtube ก็ยังสามารถตกเป็นเครื่องมือของการเซ็นเซอร์ได้ https://image.nostr.build/c16f0b0f3ca942467ca598397dadb82f6452c58403402e6fee900ca513aae244.jpg เมื่อรัฐบาลและบริษัทเทคโนโลยียักษ์ใหญ่ต่างก็ต้องการควบคุมข้อมูล คำถามคือ.. เราจะทำอย่างไรจึงจะมีอิสรภาพในโลกออนไลน์ได้อย่างแท้จริง? คำตอบที่ชัดเจนที่สุดในตอนนี้ก็คือ Decentralization หรือระบบที่ไม่มีศูนย์กลาง ซึ่งจะทำให้ไม่มีใครสามารถควบคุมได้ ตัวอย่างที่เห็นได้ชัดคือ “บิตคอยน์” สกุลเงินดิจิทัลที่ปราศจากการควบคุมจากรัฐบาลหรือธนาคารใดๆ ทุกคนมีสิทธิ์เข้าถึงและเป็นเจ้าของบิตคอยน์ได้อย่างเท่าเทียม และสามารถทำธุรกรรมทางการเงินได้โดยไม่ต้องผ่านคนกลาง ไม่เพียงเท่านั้น.. โลกโซเชียลมีเดียก็กำลังมุ่งหน้าสู่ Decentralization เช่นเดียวกัน แพลตฟอร์มอย่าง Nostr ที่ใช้ระบบกระจายศูนย์ ไม่มีบริษัทหรือองค์กรใดเป็นเจ้าของ ทำให้ผู้ใช้งานทุกคนมีอิสระในการแสดงความคิดเห็น โดยไม่ต้องกังวลว่าจะถูกปิดกั้นหรือโดนลบโพสต์ นี่คือภาพสะท้อนของอนาคตแห่งโลกออนไลน์ที่แท้จริง โลกที่ทุกคนจะมีอำนาจเท่าเทียมกัน และมีอิสรภาพในการเข้าถึงข้อมูลและแสดงความคิดเห็นได้อย่างแท้จริง การเดินทางสู่โลก Decentralization นั้นอาจฟังดูเป็นเรื่องไกลตัว แต่จริงๆ แล้วมันใกล้ตัวเรามากกว่าที่คิด เริ่มต้นง่ายๆ ด้วยการเปิดใจเรียนรู้ ทำความเข้าใจกับเทคโนโลยีใหม่ๆ อย่าง Bitcoin, Nostr ซึ่งมีข้อมูลมากมายรอให้คุณค้นคว้า อย่ากลัวที่จะลอง ลงมือทำ ทดลองใช้ สร้างความคุ้นเคยกับแพลตฟอร์มเหล่านี้ อาจจะเริ่มจากการสมัคร Nostr ผ่านแอป #Wherostr โหลดมาลองโพสต์ แชร์ คุยกับเพื่อนๆ ยิ่งมีผู้คนใช้งานมากเท่าไหร่ ระบบก็จะยิ่งแข็งแกร่ง และอำนาจก็จะยิ่งกระจายมากขึ้นเท่านั้น ถึงเวลาแล้วที่เราต้องตั้งคำถามกับตัวเอง เราคิดอย่างไรกับการเซ็นเซอร์ข้อมูลบนโลกออนไลน์? เราเชื่อหรือไม่ว่า Bitcoin, Nostr และ Decentralization จะสามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงโลกได้จริง? และที่สำคัญที่สุด เราพร้อมที่จะก้าวเข้าสู่โลก Decentralization แล้วหรือยัง? อนาคตของโลกดิจิทัลอยู่ในมือของพวกเราทุกคน อย่ายอมเป็นเบี้ยภายใต้การควบคุม แต่จงลุกขึ้นสู้เพื่ออิสรภาพของเราเอง — Jakk Goodday (เจ้าเก่า)

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

ในโลกของเหรียญดิจิทัล ที่แสงสีเสียงดังแข่งกันโครมๆ ระยิบระยับราวกับงานวัด มีหนึ่งตำนานที่ถูกจารึกไว้ในหน้าประวัติศาสตร์อย่างไม่อาจลบเลือนได้ ตำนานที่สร้างบาดแผลให้กับนักลงทุนหลายหมื่นคนทั่วโลก และเป็นเสมือนตราบาปที่คอยฉุดรั้งการเติบโตของวงการบิตคอยน์เอาไว้อย่างยาวนาน... ..ตำนานนั้นมีชื่อว่า **“Mt. Gox”** ศูนย์กลางการซื้อขายบิตคอยน์ที่ครั้งหนึ่งเคยยิ่งใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก แต่วันนี้เหลือเพียงซากปรักหักพังและตำนานแห่งความเจ็บปวด https://image.nostr.build/f45d069f4113ea9a28bbacb8da44d19899b42685825e8e8c0e8c42286fa22995.jpg หายนะที่ทำให้บิตคอยน์ประมาณ 850,000 BTC มูลค่ากว่า 460 ล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐในขณะนั้น (หรือราวๆ 4 หมื่นล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐ (ราว 1.36 ล้านล้านบาท) ในปัจจุบัน) หายวับไปกับตา! เรื่องนี้มันเกิดขึ้นได้ยังไง? อะไรที่ทำให้เว็บเทรดที่เคยยิ่งใหญ่ที่สุดในโลกต้องล่มสลายลง? และที่สำคัญที่สุด... เราเรียนรู้อะไรได้บ้างจากหายนะในครั้งนี้? บทความนี้จะพาคุณย้อนรอยไปสำรวจเรื่องราวทั้งหมดของ Mt. Gox ตั้งแต่จุดเริ่มต้นที่แสนจะธรรมดา ไปจนถึงจุดจบที่น่าสลดหดหู่ พร้อมกับบทเรียนราคาแพงที่เราทุกคนควรจดจำเอาไว้ให้ขึ้นใจ (ยาวนะครับ..) // จากเว็บเทรดการ์ดเกมสู่ศูนย์กลางบิตคอยน์ เรื่องราวของ Mt. Gox เริ่มต้นขึ้นในปี 2006 ไม่ใช่ด้วยบิตคอยน์อย่างที่หลายคนเข้าใจ แต่เริ่มจาก Jed McCaleb โปรแกรมเมอร์หนุ่มผู้คลั่งไคล้ในการ์ดเกม "Magic: The Gathering Online" ที่อยากจะสร้างเว็บไซต์สำหรับเทรดการ์ดเกมออนไลน์ ชื่อ Mt. Gox ก็มาจาก **"Magic: The Gathering Online eXchange"** นั่นเองครับ.. ในช่วงแรกๆ Mt. Gox ก็เป็นแค่เว็บเล็กๆ ที่ไม่ค่อยมีคนรู้จัก แต่แล้วในปี 2010 จุดเปลี่ยนก็เกิดขึ้น.. McCaleb ได้รู้จักกับบิตคอยน์สกุลเงินดิจิทัลน้องใหม่ที่กำลังมาแรง และเขาตัดสินใจเปลี่ยน Mt. Gox ให้กลายเป็นศูนย์กลางการซื้อขายบิตคอยน์มันซะเลย! การตัดสินใจครั้งนี้ถือเป็นจุดเปลี่ยนสำคัญที่ทำให้ Mt. Gox กลายเป็นตำนาน ในยุคนั้นบิตคอยน์ยังเป็นเรื่องใหม่มากๆ คนส่วนใหญ่ยังไม่รู้จัก ไม่เข้าใจ แถมยังมองว่ามันเป็นของเล่นไร้สาระสำหรับพวก Geek เท่านั้น แต่ McCaleb เขามองเห็นศักยภาพของมัน เขาเชื่อว่าบิตคอยน์จะเปลี่ยนโลก! Mt. Gox จึงกลายเป็นแพลตฟอร์มซื้อขายบิตคอยน์แห่งแรกๆ ของโลกและมันก็เติบโตอย่างรวดเร็ว.. เร็วแบบติดจรวดเลยล่ะครับ เพราะในตอนนั้นมันแทบไม่มีคู่แข่งเลย ใครอยากซื้อขายบิตคอยน์ก็ต้องมาที่ Mt. Gox นักลงทุนทั่วโลกแห่กันมาที่นี่ ทำให้ Mt. Gox กลายเป็นศูนย์กลางของตลาดบิตคอยน์ ในช่วงพีคๆ Mt. Gox เคย handle การซื้อขาย Bitcoin มากกว่า 70% ของทั้งโลก! นึกภาพตามนะครับ.. ในยุคนั้นบิตคอยน์ยังเป็นเหมือนดินแดนป่าเถื่อน ไม่มีกฎหมาย ไม่มีการควบคุม ใครอยากทำอะไรก็ทำ Mt. Gox ก็เลยเหมือนเป็นเสมือนนายอำเภอที่คอยดูแลความสงบเรียบร้อยในเมือง.. ## ภายใต้เงาอำนาจ.. ในปี 2011, McCaleb ตัดสินใจขาย Mt. Gox ให้กับ Mark Karpelès โปรแกรมเมอร์ชาวฝรั่งเศสที่อาศัยอยู่ในญี่ปุ่น Karpelès เข้ามาบริหาร Mt. Gox ต่อ และพยายามขยายธุรกิจให้เติบโตยิ่งขึ้นไปอีก แต่.. การเติบโตอย่างรวดเร็วนั้น ก็มาพร้อมกับปัญหา ปัญหาแรกเลยก็คือเรื่อง "ความปลอดภัย" ในปี 2011 Mt. Gox โดนแฮ็กครั้งแรก บิตคอยน์ประมาณ 25,000 BTC ถูกขโมยไป ตอนนั้นมันอาจจะดูไม่เยอะ แต่ถ้าคิดเป็นมูลค่าในปัจจุบันก็หลายหมื่นล้านบาทอยู่นะครับ และนี่เป็นแค่จุดเริ่มต้นของหายนะ... ปัญหาที่สอง คือ "การบริหารจัดการอันห่วยแตก" Karpelès ไม่ได้เป็นนักธุรกิจมืออาชีพ เขาเป็นแค่โปรแกรมเมอร์ที่หลงใหลในบิตคอยน์ เขาขาดประสบการณ์ในการบริหารจัดการบริษัทขนาดใหญ่ Mt. Gox เริ่มมีปัญหาภายใน ทั้งเรื่องการเงิน การจัดการ และความโปร่งใส ลูกค้าเริ่มบ่นว่าถอนเงินไม่ได้ ระบบมีปัญหา และที่สำคัญ.. Karpelès ไม่ได้ให้ความสำคัญกับเรื่อง "ความปลอดภัย" มากพอนัก เขาคิดว่า Mt. Gox มันใหญ่เกินกว่าจะล้มได้ ใครจะกล้ามาแหยม? ..แต่เขาคิดผิด.. อย่างมหันต์ ## จุดจบของตำนาน.. ในเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ 2014, Mt. Gox ประกาศระงับการถอนเงินทั้งหมด อ้างว่าระบบมีปัญหา.. กำลังทำการแก้ไข แต่มันไม่ใช่แค่ปัญหาเล็กๆ น้อยๆ.. มันคือหายนะครั้งใหญ่หลวง! บิตคอยน์กว่า 850,000 BTC มูลค่ากว่า 460 ล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐในตอนนั้นหายไปจาก Mt. Gox ไม่ใช่แค่เงินของลูกค้า.. แต่เป็นเงินของ Mt. Gox เองด้วย Karpelès ออกมาแถลงข่าวด้วยน้ำตาคลอเบ้า บอกว่า Bitcoin ถูกขโมยไปจากการโดนแฮ็ก.. โลกทั้งใบแทบแตก! นักลงทุนช็อก! ราคาบิตคอยน์ร่วงระนาว! ความเชื่อมั่นในตลาดคริปโตฯ สั่นคลอน! Mt. Gox ล้มละลาย.. และกลายเป็นตำนานแห่งหายนะที่ไม่มีใครลืม.. ## บทเรียนราคาแพงที่เราต้องจดจำ การล่มสลายของ Mt. Gox เป็นเหมือนระเบิดปรมาณูที่ถล่มวงการบิตคอยน์ มันทำให้คนทั่วโลกตระหนักถึงความเสี่ยงของคริปโตเคอเรนซี และความสำคัญของการเลือกใช้แพลตฟอร์มที่ "ปลอดภัย" และ "น่าเชื่อถือ" มันยังเป็นเครื่องเตือนใจว่าความโลภ และความประมาท อาจนำไปสู่หายนะได้ ไม่ว่าคุณจะลงทุนในอะไร ก็ต้องศึกษาให้ดี ทำความเข้าใจให้ถ่องแท้ อย่าหลงเชื่อคำโฆษณา หรือคำอวยเว่อร์ๆ และที่สำคัญ.. **"Not your keys, not your coins"** หากคุณไม่ถือ Private Key ด้วยตัวเอง คุณก็ไม่ได้เป็นเจ้าของบิตคอยน์ที่แท้จริง เพราะถ้าเกิดอะไรขึ้นกับเว็บเทรด.. คุณก็อาจจะซวยเหมือนกับลูกค้า Mt. Gox กว่า 24,000 คน ที่ต้องรอคอยเงินคืนยาวนานนับ 10 ปี และบางคนก็อาจจะไม่ได้อะไรคืนเลย.. ## เปิดโปงเบื้องหลัง หลังจาก Mt. Gox ล่มสลาย เจ้าหน้าที่ได้เร่งสืบสวนสอบสวน และพบว่ามีบุคคลสำคัญอยู่เบื้องหลังเรื่องนี้ 1. “Alexander Vinnik” ผู้ก่อตั้ง BTC-e ถูกจับในข้อหาฟอกเงินที่ได้จากการแฮ็ก Mt. Gox เขาถูกกล่าวหาว่าใช้ BTC-e ในการฟอกเงินมูลค่ากว่า 4 พันล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐ ซึ่งรวมถึงเงินที่ขโมยมาจาก Mt. Gox ด้วย หน่วยงานของสหรัฐฯ ระบุว่า Vinnik ใช้ BTC-e เพื่อฟอกเงินให้กับบุคคลที่เกี่ยวข้องกับอาชญากรรมต่างๆ เช่น การแฮ็กคอมพิวเตอร์ และการค้ายาเสพติด พวกเขายังเชื่อมโยง Vinnik กับการล่มสลายของ Mt. Gox โดยกล่าวหาว่าเขาฟอกเงินที่ถูกขโมยผ่าน BTC-e และ Tradehill ซึ่งเป็นอีกหนึ่งเว็บเทรดที่เขาเป็นเจ้าของ การจับกุม Vinnik เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของปฏิบัติการต่อเนื่องของสหรัฐฯ ในการต่อต้านอาชญากรไซเบอร์ชาวรัสเซียในยุโรป ในปี 2024 Vinnik ได้ยอมรับสารภาพผิดในข้อหาสมรู้ร่วมคิดในการฟอกเงิน 2. “Alexey Bilyuchenko” และ “Aleksandr Verner” สองชาวรัสเซีย ถูกตั้งข้อหาในปี 2023 ว่ากันว่าพวกเขาขโมยบิตคอยน์ไปกว่า 647,000 BTC และนำไปฟอกเงินผ่าน BTC-e และแพลตฟอร์มอื่นๆ ## เส้นทางสู่การเยียวยา การล่มสลายของ Mt. Gox ทำให้ลูกค้าหลายหมื่นคนต้องสูญเสียบิตคอยน์ไป และต้องต่อสู้ในกระบวนการทางกฎหมายอันยาวนาน ในที่สุดก็มีความคืบหน้า ในเดือนมิถุนายน 2018 ศาลแขวงโตเกียวได้อนุมัติคำร้องของเจ้าหนี้เพื่อเริ่มกระบวนการฟื้นฟูทางแพ่ง ซึ่งอนุญาตให้มีเงื่อนไขการชำระหนี้ที่ยืดหยุ่นมากขึ้น รวมถึงการชดเชยตามมูลค่าปัจจุบันของเหรียญที่สูญหายไป เจ้าหนี้ (ผู้เสียหาย) สามารถเริ่มยื่นข้อเรียกร้องใหม่ภายใต้กระบวนการเหล่านี้ได้ในวันที่ 23 สิงหาคม 2018 ในที่สุด.. ในเดือนกรกฎาคม 2024 Mt. Gox ก็เริ่มชำระคืนบิตคอยน์ และบิตคอยน์แคช ให้กับเจ้าหนี้ภายใต้แผนฟื้นฟูกิจการตามกฎหมาย ทนายความ Nobuaki Kobayashi ดูแลกระบวนการนี้ โดยตรวจสอบให้แน่ใจว่ามีการตรวจสอบและข้อตกลงกับเจ้าหนี้ทั้งหมดก่อนที่จะมีการจ่ายเงิน การชำระเงินคืนนี้ถือเป็นช่วงเวลาสำคัญ เนื่องจากเจ้าหนี้ต้องรอคอยมานานเกือบทศวรรษ นับตั้งแต่การล่มสลายของเว็บเทรดในปี 2014 จาก 850,000 BTC ที่สูญหายไป มีการกู้คืนกลับมาได้ 200,000 Bitcoin ซึ่ง 60,000 Bitcoin ในนั้นถูกขายโดยผู้ดูแลผลประโยชน์เพื่อเป็นทุนในการดำเนินการต่างๆ และเนื่องจากมูลค่าของบิตคอยน์เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมาก กระบวนการชำระคืนจึงมีมูลค่ามหาศาล การเริ่มต้นการชำระคืนจึงเป็นเรื่องใหญ่ในวงการคริปโต ในช่วงต้นเดือนกรกฎาคม 2024 Mt. Gox ได้ย้าย 47,228 BTC มูลค่าประมาณ 2.7 พันล้านดอลลาร์ออกจากกระเป๋าเงินออฟไลน์เพื่อเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของกระบวนการชำระคืน บริษัทต่างๆ เช่น MtGoxBalanceBot ได้ติดตามความเคลื่อนไหวเหล่านี้อย่างโปร่งใสและให้ข้อมูลอัปเดตแก่ชุมชน ในวันที่ 22 กรกฎาคม 2024 Mt. Gox ได้โอน Bitcoin มูลค่า 2.85 พันล้านดอลลาร์ไปยังกระเป๋าเงินใหม่ โดย 340 ล้านดอลลาร์ในจำนวนนั้นถูกส่งไปยังที่อยู่ที่ Bitstamp เป็นเจ้าของ หลังจากนั้นไม่นาน ก็มีการโอน 37,477 BTC มูลค่า 2.5 พันล้านดอลลาร์ไปยังกระเป๋าเงินที่ไม่รู้จัก มีการเคลื่อนไหวอยู่เรื่อยๆ จนกระทั่ง ณ ปัจจุบันมีการแจกจ่าย Bitcoin ให้กับเจ้าหนี้ Mt. Gox ไปแล้วจำนวนมาก และยังเหลืออีกประมาณ 45,000 BTC ที่จะต้องคืน (จาก140,000 แสน เหลือ 44,899K BTC คิดเป็นคืนไปแล้วราวๆ 60%) กระบวนการนี้ยังคงดำเนินต่อไป และเกี่ยวข้องกับความเคลื่อนไหวจำนวนมากในตลาดคริปโตฯ โดยจำนวนเงินทั้งหมดที่ยังคงค้างชำระให้กับเจ้าหนี้ โดยจำนวนเงินทั้งหมดที่ยังคงค้างชำระเจ้าหนี้นั้นคิดเป็นประมาณ 0.7% ของ Bitcoin ทั้งหมดที่หมุนเวียนอยู่ในตลาด 850,000 Bitcoin ที่สูญหายไปนั้นมีมูลค่าประมาณ 460 ล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐในขณะที่เกิดการแฮ็ก และ 140,000 Bitcoin ที่กู้คืนได้นั้นมีมูลค่าประมาณ 1 หมื่นล้านดอลลาร์ ณ ราคา 70,000 ดอลลาร์ต่อ Bitcoin นั่นหมายความว่าเจ้าหนี้จะได้รับมูลค่าคืนมากกว่า 16 เท่าในตลาดปัจจุบัน.. ## บทสรุป เรื่องราวของ Mt. Gox เป็นเหมือนบทเรียนราคาแพงที่สอนให้พวกเรารู้ว่า.. ### อย่าฝากไข่ไว้ในตะกร้าใบเดียว การรวมศูนย์อำนาจในการดูแลสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลไว้ที่เดียวมีความเสี่ยงสูง การกระจายความเสี่ยงโดยการใช้บริการหลายๆ แพลตฟอร์ม หรือ self-custody เป็นสิ่งสำคัญ ### ความจำเป็นในการกำกับดูแล เหตุการณ์ Mt. Gox กระตุ้นให้เกิดการตรวจสอบข้อเท็จจริงและความเข้มงวดมากขึ้นต่อเว็บเทรดคริปโตฯ ทั่วโลก เพื่อปกป้องนักลงทุน ### ความรับผิดชอบ ผู้บริหารแพลตฟอร์ม ต้องมีความรับผิดชอบต่อทรัพย์สินของลูกค้า และดำเนินธุรกิจอย่างโปร่งใส ซื่อสัตย์ และยุติธรรม ### ความไม่แน่นอนของตลาดคริปโตฯ ตลาดคริปโตฯ ยังคงมีความผันผวนสูง และมีความเสี่ยงที่อาจเกิดขึ้นได้ นักลงทุนควรศึกษาข้อมูลอย่างรอบคอบก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุน เรื่องราวของ Mt. Gox จะถูกจารึกไว้ในประวัติศาสตร์ของวงการคริปโตตลอดไป มันเป็นเครื่องเตือนใจถึงความสำคัญของความปลอดภัย ความโปร่งใส และความรับผิดชอบในการดำเนินธุรกิจที่เกี่ยวข้องกับสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล และเป็นแรงผลักดันให้วงการนี้พัฒนาไปสู่ความมั่นคงและยั่งยืนในอนาคต..

@ 0271e1b9:ad8cff90

Hey everyone, So during the weekend I launched a little side project called: # "A Stoic Resurrection" https://image.nostr.build/682ddced4e4c823dcdc28bd34cc920ce0802964b170f9fa08295a89afe08df6c.jpg For now I will be sharing my favorite quotes from both historical and contemporary thinkers in the form of photos or short videos, plus some of my own thoughts, as I have noticed they seem to be very much aligned with the Stoic philosophy in general. I played around with some ideas regarding the design and aesthetics, and settled on this kind of style for now: *Photo examples* https://image.nostr.build/878bf80e40c522320820e766723dcd7b2ea5a4029dc8effd9c66a56f0fbbbc54.jpg https://image.nostr.build/3d994d3fb52def142d4b331ef0edb53a9862c8ab071d57da580a8fa08430198a.jpg https://image.nostr.build/d583755e9065cc5c49357ead1734e7e2ab5d43c56bd3345cb14331cab61cd505.jpg *Video examples* https://youtube.com/shorts/OMKKRQ4zNLM https://youtube.com/shorts/UkFBFBniCp8 For now I'm using copyright free images from [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/) plus copyright free recordings of classical music via [Musopen](https://musopen.org/) (starting off with Chopin) for the content as per my *Open Source Culture* philosophy. **The current goal is to post 1 quote per day on average.** I do have some additional ideas for the future, but as I said, this is a side project and how much time & energy I'm going to invest in this will depend both on the amount of free(ish) time I have on hand, my current level of interest in the subject, as well as how much demand & audience there is (or isn't) for this kind of content. ### Please feel free to share your thoughts, criticisms, suggestions, and perhaps some of your personal favorite Stoic thinkers / ideas from both past and the present that have caught your attention. **Oh, and of course, if stoic philosophy sounds like your cup of tea, please feel free to give the project a follow on your preferred social media platform(s) and/or show your appreciation with zaps:** nostr: nostr:npub1angxrnwzujemyzkhgef2gwcy0s4ayjh62574p8g2xwnlfp8pxeaq4frrpe [X](https://x.com/stoic_resurrect) [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb5MZ0YL7BlBLFKHpLVAHkg) [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/stoic_resurrection/) [TikTok](https://www.tiktok.com/@stoic_resurrection) ### Peace & love, ### Kontext

@ c230edd3:8ad4a712

## Chef's notes Allow meat to soak for 1-24 hours. The rougher the cut, the longer the soak. This is great for open flame grilling, as well as pan seared, though the latter is preferable. Petit Sirloin can marinade for approximately 1 hour and still develop tenderness. I like to score the steaks if they will only be resting in the mix for a short time. All seasonings can be adjusted to taste. Base ingredients scale well, for any number of steaks. Equal parts, enough to coat the meat is really all that matters. I'm terrible at remembering cooking pictures, so image is a random steak. I will try to remember to update that next time I make these. ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 10 - 🍳 Cook time: However long you usually cook your steak to preferred doneness ## Ingredients - 4 petite sirloin steaks or other cut - 1/4 cup yellow mustard - 1/4 cup soy sauce - 3-5 cloves garlic, depending on size, minced and salted - 1 tsp dried basil - 1\2 tsp crushed red pepper ## Directions 1. Mix ingredients and marinade 1-24 hours. 2. Grill or pan sear to your preferred doneness 3. Enjoy!

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

All of us, when considering “what is good?” end up using the wrong measuring stick. We measure ourselves by the people around us rather than by God’s standard written in the Bible or by Jesus’s example given when He lived a perfect, sinless life as a man. We fail to judge correctly. We like to say like the Pharisees: > The Pharisee stood and was praying this to himself: ‘God, I thank You that I am not like other people: swindlers, unjust, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. (Luke 18:11) ### What Measuring Reference? More than anything we all like to think of ourselves as “good” people and as “better” than others, but we forget what the Bible says about us and righteousness: > As it is written,“There is none righteous, not even one;<br> There is none who understands,<br> There is none who seeks for God;<br> All have turned aside, together they have become useless;<br> There is none who does good,There is not even one.” (Romans 3:10-12) Even if we are better than some others (at least in certain areas), that doesn’t make us good. “*There is none who does good, There is not even one*.” I think part of thinking we are “good” people is the way we compare ourselves to others (rather than to God, as we should). We compare ourselves to the worst, to make us look better. We pick the areas that are our strengths and compare it to those who are weak in those areas, but then we avoid comparing our weak areas to their strengths. When we have an area where we are weak, we usually either make excuses or put on blinders so we can’t see our own weaknesses. > For we are not bold to class or compare ourselves with some of those who commend themselves; but when they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they are without understanding. But we will not boast beyond our measure, but within the measure of the sphere which God apportioned to us as a measure, to reach even as far as you. (2 Corinthians 10:12-13) The Bible specifically condemns us using our own measure instead of His measure and says, *“when they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they are without understanding*.” ## Confession Confessing each particular sin is one area where I am weak. I fully understand that we all (including me) sin continually and displease God with our thoughts, words, and actions. I fully understand that I fall miserably short of God’s ideal. I can honestly say, “Forgive me because I have sinned.” The thing I am very poor at is asking forgiveness for specific sins. I am terrible at seeing each individual sin, each individual offense against God. I don’t have an excuse. I guess I have put on blinders because I don’t want to see my sins. I don’t want to see how poorly I do. I don’t want to see how I regularly offend God. Are you the same way? Do you regularly confess each specific sin? > Who can say, “I have cleansed my heart, I am pure from my sin”? (Proverbs 20:9) We are told to Confess our sins to God. > If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. (1 John 1:9) We are told that failing to confess our sins will lead to our harm. > He who conceals his transgressions will not prosper, But he who confesses and forsakes them will find compassion. (Proverbs 28:9,13) We are encouraged to confess our sins to God first and foremost, but we are also encouraged to confess to others. Obviously, we should confess our sins (apologize) to someone that we wronged or hurt in some way, but we can also be helped by confessing to another because it keeps us honest about our sins and helps keep us accountable. > Therefore, confess your sins to one another, and pray for one another so that you may be healed. The effective prayer of a righteous man can accomplish much. (James 5:16) This could be a confession to a close friend or family member. It could be a confession to a mentor or spiritual leader. When we confess our sins to another person, we aren’t asking for them to absolve us from our sins. Only Jesus can do that. Having someone to whom we regularly confess our sins, worries, and weaknesses helps us to stay accountable. Being right with God is what matters, but having a physical person look us in the eyes and ask how we are doing in areas where we are weak can help us stay the course set for us by God. ### Wrong View of Sin We generally all treat most of our sins as not that big of a deal. We excuse that “little white lie.” We discount that moment of pride or jealousy. We rationalize putting other things before God. All sin comes down to disobeying God and making ourselves to be our own god over the one true God. All sin is idolatry. All sin, no matter how minor we think it is, is an affront to God. Every single sin is deserving of death. If we could see our sins as God sees them, we would be filled with terror. > For we have been consumed by Your anger<br> And by Your wrath we have been dismayed.<br> You have placed our iniquities before You,<br> Our secret sins in the light of Your presence.<br> For all our days have declined in Your fury;<br> We have finished our years like a sigh.<br> As for the days of our life, they contain seventy years,<br> Or if due to strength, eighty years,<br> Yet their pride is but labor and sorrow;<br> For soon it is gone and we fly away.<br> Who understands the power of Your anger<br> And Your fury, according to the fear that is due You?<br> So teach us to number our days,<br> That we may present to You a heart of wisdom. (Psalm 90:7-12) We need to fall down on our faces and beg forgiveness for our blatant offences against our creator God. We need to see our sins in the same way God sees them, as abhorrent actions that separate us from God. > Deliver me from all my transgressions;Make me not the reproach of the foolish. (Psalms 39:8) Luckily for us, God made a way for us to get right with God despite our foolish, sinful thoughts and actions. God did not leave us alone and suffering in the wilderness of His wrath without a way of escape. > even when we were dead in our transgressions, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the ages to come He might show the surpassing riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God; not as a result of works, so that no one may boast. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would walk in them. (Ephesians 2:5-10) Jesus knew that we would fail. Jesus knew that we would let Him down. Jesus knew that we would be unable to makes things right, so He made a way for us. He lived the perfect life that we never could and died on the cross to take away our sins. Jesus agreed to cover our sins if we only repent and submit to Him. ### Do Not Judge so That You Will Not Be Judged Jesus made it so that those who trust in Him will not be judged as we deserve. Because He has been merciful to us, we also should be merciful to others. We have failed miserably and therefore should not judge others. > “Do not judge, and you will not be judged; and do not condemn, and you will not be condemned; pardon, and you will be pardoned.” (Luke 6:37) Once again, we have a tendency to judge others who are weak where we are strong or to judge others who are having problems in an areas where we used to fail, but have learned to do better. Most of us are bad at seeing the areas where we fail miserably and if we can see it, we make excuses while not allowing others to make excuses for their sins. > “Do not judge so that you will not be judged. For in the way you judge, you will be judged; and by your standard of measure, it will be measured to you. Why do you look at the speck that is in your brother’s eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ and behold, the log is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother’s eye.” (Matthew 7:1-5) Yes, there absolutely are times in which we need to help a fellow believer deal with their personal sin or we need to help an unbeliever see their sins so they can see their need for a savior, but we need to deal honestly with our own sins beforehand and we need to be honest with others about our own struggle with sin. We need to not lie to them (and ourselves) about our own struggles with sin. In reality, when we admit our own sins and don’t pretend to have it all together, they are actually more likely to listen to what we have to say than when we pretend to be the perfect little Christian saint. If we are going to point out another’s sins, the Bible gives us particular patterns to follow. Our correction of another is not about judgement or embarrassment, but is about reconciling sinners to their holy God. > “If your brother sins, go and show him his fault in private; if he listens to you, you have won your brother. But if he does not listen to you, take one or two more with you, so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every fact may be confirmed. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church; and if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector. Truly I say to you, whatever you bind on earth shall have been bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall have been loosed in heaven.” (Matthew 18:15-18) All correction should have the goal of reconciling the corrected with Christ and the church. It should be for the good of the person being corrected. Correction should never have the goal embarrassing the person, winning an argument, or beating them into submission. If we take a line out of “The Lord’s Prayer” or “The Model Prayer,” and pray “*And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors*.” (Matthew 6:12) or “*And forgive us our sins, For we ourselves also forgive everyone who is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation*.” (Luke 11:4) then we are more likely to do correction in a godly manner. ### Do Not Be A Stumbling Block In addition to not sinning, judging ourselves and others correctly, and correcting only in a merciful and loving manner, we need to make sure our actions are not a stumbling block to others that either leads them to sin or drives them away from God and the Church. > He said to His disciples, “It is inevitable that stumbling blocks come, but woe to him through whom they come! It would be better for him if a millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea, than that he would cause one of these little ones to stumble. Be on your guard! If your brother sins, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him. And if he sins against you seven times a day, and returns to you seven times, saying, ‘I repent,’ forgive him.” (Luke 17:1-4) God has given us many freedoms, but we aren’t to use those freedoms in a way that harms others. This harm could come from being too lenient or being too strict and legalistic. We need to act in such a way as to be a blessing to everyone around us. We need to use what God has given to us to bless others and not to just use it selfishly. When we use the right measuring stick to judge our own lives and we truly see what an awesome, holy, unfathomably good God we serve, this right view of the world will help lead us in the right direction far better than any list of commands and prohibitions. Trust Jesus. your sister in Christ, Christy For more posts check out the [Trust Jesus Substack](https://trustjesus.substack.com/). Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

# The user is never wrong ## Here are some non-suspect ways a dev team can respond to a bug report 1) Thank you for reporting. We already opened issue ABC123 to track that and you can follow the progress on [our issues board](nostr:naddr1qq9yzmr90pskuerjd9sszrthwden5te0dehhxtnvdakqyg8ayz8w3j8jsduq492j39hysg7vnhrtl4zzqcugj4m3q62qlkf8cypsgqqqw7vszahgpn). 2) Oh, wow! That's an odd behavior. 🤔 Can you give me more information about your setup and the precise steps you took to find that, so that we can track down the cause? 3) Yeah, that's a known flaw, I'm afraid. We've got this workaround available... 4) Oh, that's actually a path/use-case/feature we hadn't considered, yet. I'll discuss it with the team and get back to you, concerning the possible implementation. ## Sus ways a dev team can respond to a bug report 1) User error. 2) No one else has reported that. 3) Do I look like I have all day to deal with your whining? The road map. Read it. 4) 🦗🦗🦗🦗

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

# We can talk about something else, now. Making boosts/quotes the primary way new users find a variety of topics is a fundamental flaw. We don't need boosts (which merely results in the main trending list trending even harder, as people feel safer boosting something that is already popular), and hashtags have become the mess they naturally will become. ## We need topical forums and relay-based community boards. This would actively encourage those of us who want to write on OtherTopics to write more on them, as we would have some chance of the material being found by those interested in it. And it would spare us having to win some general popularity contest, just to be able to converse about golfing, Hinduism, or veganism. Scrollable "timeline" feeds, even with AI assistance (like DVMs), don't accomplish this as well, as they eliminate the ability to skim the top-level and selectively read. You have to scroll, scroll, scroll. It would also reduce the overloading of the original posts with videos, which is starting to give Nostr a Tik-Tok vibe. There's nothing wrong with that, per se, and we should probably have clients like that, but it makes life hard for anyone who wants to have a deeper discussion. People scrolling have trouble even "seeing" a text-based OP, but using the written word is a true signal to the other people, that you are capable of carrying a conversation through text. ## Examples for other styles of client (I am including the Communities in Nostrudel and Satellite, even though they don't yet work, effectively.) Some of the things that set these clients apart, is that: 1. they are topic-first or thread-first, not person-first, 2. they sometimes allow voting (I suppose we could rank by zaps), 3. they often allow the user to override the default order and simply look at whatever is newest, most popular, or where their friends are currently active (i.e. they allow for easy sorting and filtering), 4. they cap the depth of threads to one or two levels, keep the indentation tiny, or offer a "flat" view, 5. they are primarily text-based (Reddit broke with this and now their main pages look really spammy), 6. they allow you to see all of the entries in the thread, at once, and simply actualize to display the entries that pop up in-between, 7. they often have some indication of what you have already read (this is application data) and allow you to sort for "stuff I haven't looked at, yet". https://i.nostr.build/uCx5YKMOsjhKBU5c.png https://i.nostr.build/hMkm2oKpos0pWaV9.png https://i.nostr.build/mGQONMw5RC8XKtph.png https://i.nostr.build/TCSkG1bPuMOL0jja.webp https://i.nostr.build/3fLjCSNdtefiZmAH.png https://i.nostr.build/BHgo7EKTK5FRIsVl.png

@ 6c8c7979:15595f3e

This painting is titled "The Naked Truth" or "Truth Emerges from the Well" by the artist Jean-Léon Gérôme, created in 1896. The painting depicts the 19th-century myth about truth and lies. According to the legend, one day, truth and lies met. Lies said to truth, "The day is very beautiful." Truth looked around doubtfully, then gazed at the sky, saw that the sun was shining and the weather was pleasant, so decided to spend the day with Lies. Lies then suggested, "The water in the well is clear and warm; let's go for a swim." Truth again doubted but tested the water and found it indeed clear and warm. Both undressed and went for a swim. Suddenly, Lies emerged from the well quickly, donned Truth's clothes, and ran away. Truth emerged from the well, naked and furious, and tried to chase Lies. When people saw her naked, they were disturbed and turned away from her. Feeling embarrassed, Truth returned to the well and did not reappear. Since then, Lies has been roaming the world dressed as Truth, and people accept Lies while refusing to see the naked Truth. 

@ c5395d20:25baac60

*Spoilers below* --- # A Bit of Background The party recently was assaulted by a group of bounty hunters. They found a "bingo book" which listed each of them as well as several other individuals/groups wanted by a familiar name: Zal Esarus (Big Bad Evil Guy). Here's the list: * Silas Gorian [500/1000] Pale, long dark hair. Tall man with a powerful build, likely in the southern Duskwood. Known to have escaped Dentura Morbum. Vampire likely. * Barlow Hatcha [500/750] A Swarthy man with dark blond hair, he wears a thick mustache, red armor with an emerald plume. He carries a flaming sword and rides under the device of a Rooster. * Mirek Golovin: [500/750] An undead knight, made by the secrets of the acolytes of the god of Death. It has a doubled arm and Flamberge. It is accompanied by a gray-eyed woman and devil-skin with long horns.. Last seen at the Temple Ruin near Jagged Edge Hideaway. * Axius Astramind [1000/1500] Powerful mage, his mark is fire, most of his left side is charred from long service. White-blonde hair, shorter build. Whereabouts unkown. * Magnus the Red [500/750] Red Dragon Knight, short for the knights but wide. Prefers glaives and polearms. Whereabouts unknown. * Georg Alhund: [alive only 2000] Young boy, likely tall for his age. Keeps a thick gold signet ring of a hound grappling a dragon. Likely accompanied by Magnus the Red. Whereabouts unkown. * Any Quick-Tooth Goblin Deserters: [dead only 20] * Hox Longfeather [50/75]: Goblin sniper, leading the last of the Quicktooth Goblins that rebelled against Esarus after the fall of Queen Bargnot. Last seen in the northern duskwood, near the Ghostcliffs. * The “Face Eater”: [alive only 200] Three toed beast. Likely undead, ambush predator. Its hunting grounds are believed to be north of Nighshade Clearing. * Armored Blond Man: [100/150] taller than average, scar near his eye. Wears the sign of a flower over breastplate. Last seen at the Temple Ruin near Jagged Edge Hideaway. * Tan, Redheaded magician: [100/150] average height. Carries a deck of cards. Green eyes. Last seen at the Temple Ruin near Jagged Edge Hideaway. * Braided haired woman: [100/150] she has many trinkets in her hair, swarthy but may be able to wear animal shape. * Stout Hunter [50/100] with long greasy hair. He wears deerskin boots and hunts with a bow. Known to live in Anton’s Mill The [X/Y] is the reward (in gold crowns) for Dead/Alive. The party has met Mirek Golovin and its group, Axius Astramind currently lives in their stronghold, they've fought the Quick-Tooth Goblins before, killed the "Face Eater," they are themselved the Armored Blond Man, Tan Redhead Magician, and Braid-Haired Woman. The Stout Hunter is their friend Lars Bailey, who even if his stories are twice as tall as reality is still the best hunter Anton's Mill has seen in 80 years. They've decided that this might be a good list to find "enemies of my enemies." They are planning on seeking Hox Longfeather and his rebel goblins next. ## Politics There are tensions that the party hasn't really bothered to look for: Zal Esarus has raised an army of the dead (*Zal* is a title reserved for very powerful necromancers, which aren't inherintly evil in my setting). He has additionally gained the use of a well-educated and formidible general in Khazran the Warbreed (Warbreed are what I call Half-Orcs, and are magically created beings, not literal half-breeds) who won the respect of the local Orc tribes and brought them into Zal Esarus' army. That left the local goblins, who they strongarmed into doing their bidding, an arrangement most of the goblins resented. Hox and his band were such members of the Quicktooth tribe and disagreed with Queen Bhargnot about whether to stand up for themselves now or bend to the might of Zal Esarus and bide their time for rebellion. That rebellion ironically saved their lives, as they were banished from the Jagged Edge Hideaway (the capital warren of the Quick-tooth Tribe) when the party busted in and killed most of them.  Of course *all* of these leaders and factions have desires of their own that could be played against each other. Khazran is being "lent" to Esarus, and doesn't care for or about him personally. The Orcs don't like the undead and find them a distasteful way to fight. They are more loyal to Khazran for his obvious strength and tactics than to Esarus' wizardry and cunning. They don't typically marshall themselves to war, just to raid, so the idea of ranks, files and maintaining discipline is foreign. Esarus has a pupil (Arlen) who might stab him in the back for his own ambitions, the different tribes of Orcs don't always get along. The whole thing could be peeled apart, but we'll focus on the goblins and Hox's Gleeful Band of Free Greens. --- # At the Ghostcliffs The Ghostcliffs are beyond the north eastern edges of the Duskwood (the party's main stomping ground). That's where the goblins went into hiding. It's tough mountain country with steep walls hiding many caves, perfect for a subterranean gang going into hiding. It helps that Hox is pretty sure of where Zal Esarus' stronghold, *Dentura Morbum*, is. Even though they're in the same region, he's posted watches and scouts to make sure they don't catch unwanted attention from the necromancer. We'll have a few days of travel inside the Duskwood, perhaps a few random encounters. > The familiar ancient pine forest reluctantly gives way to mountain country. The Ghostcliffs loom above you, sheer and pale. Spears of rock spread like wings from the foreboding stone formation. Wind howls and moans down from the tall peaks above you, giving these hills their name. > The trail continues ahead as a narrow path cutting back and forth, too steep and treachourous for any mule or horse. Scanning the way before you, there are many ravines and steep places. In a few areas, small waterfalls pour down near the switchbacks. Clouds and mist seem to settle down, undisturbed by the occasional gusts of air. In spring this place may be entirely impassable, but in summer it is merely difficult and dangerous.  As far as how they might find the goblins, they have a starting point from the bingo book, Winora can speak with animals and Armond can use his familiar. I'm sure they probably have some other skills or ideas that I haven't thought of yet. ## The Trail The party continues up the Ghostcliffs for several hours, eventually the trail comes to a rope bridge. > The trail ends abruptly at a narrow rope bridge spanning a gulf about 150 feet across. The bridge creaks as it sways and bucks with the occasional gust of air. **Terrain Encounter** I think a rope bridge between cliffs would be good. If they overload it, it could break. Even if they don't we'll have Dex Checks to stay on as it swings in the wind. If the party uses some creative thinking we can skip over it. Perhaps they will be accosted by [harpies](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#harpy_mm,fbsr:giant) instead. As they continue in the Ghostcliffs for another hour or two, they'll find dead bounty hunters to show they're on the right trail. They were killed by Hox's scouts in an ambush, picked over, and dumped into a ravine. The hunters have cursed red gold (Zal Esarus pays in cursed gold, it's how he finds bodies for his undead army) in their pouches, but otherwise nothing of much value or interest. I like the idea that they get close, maybe have a "random" encounter with a monster ([cyclopes](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#cyclops_mm), [hill giants](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#hill%20giant%20clobberer_fleemortals), [ettins](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#ettin_mm), [wyverns](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#wyvern_fleemortals)), some goblins show up during the fight and they have a chance to roleplay a bit. # [Hox's Crew](https://5e.tools/book.html#fleemortals,1,goblins,0) The Band consists of a few dozen goblins, most of whom are "uneducated" (can't speak Giant). The following are his core council, who he consults and delegates to. Languages are in the order that they prefer speaking (giant is a lingua franca in my world). Titles in goblin society are typically in giant, but are translated here (because I didn't want to make up more words in giant). Among goblins, if you are a great/important person your title will likely be a point of pride or something to brag about. On the other hand, if you're lowly you might have no title, or a sarcastic one.  --- **The Officers** I'm not planning on needing them in combat really, but decided to link some statblocks as starting points. Most of the officers probably need bumped up a little * [Hox Longfeather](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#goblin%20sniper_fleemortals) [goblin, giant, common] male: he wears a hunter's cap with the titular griffon's feather over a scalplock. In his ears he wears a few earrings. He is tall for a goblin and build like a whip. He's clever and proud, unwilling to bend a knee. Around his men his is charismatic and jovial, but behind closed doors, he's a hardnosed negotiator. * [Thexni Wiitherose](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#goblin%20cursespitter_fleemortals) [goblin, giant, abyssal, common] female: an older cursespitter (demon worshipper) and spiritual leader of the group. She wears many pieces of bone jewelry and tattoos cover most of her body. Her staff is topped by a three-eyed "human" skull with deer horns and fangs. Hox knew he'd need someone to reassure the spiritual base of his group so he strongarmed her into his group. She doesn't appreciate what happened but has nowhere to go. * [Tozg Venomfang](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#goblin%20assassin_fleemortals) [goblin, giant] male: an assassin. He assumed *everyone* wants to kill him, except Hox, who he loves with extreme devotion. His ear is clipped and he wears a golden ring on a leather thong around his neck. He has deepset dark eyes and doesn't blink much. His [dagger](https://5e.tools/items.html#dagger%20of%20venom_dmg) is of course, magical. He funcitons as Hox's spymaster and tactician. * [Krebz Stonefist](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#goblin%20spinecleaver_fleemortals) [goblin] male: brute. Almost as tall as a man, weilds a maul, doesn't talk much. * [Qesh Sparrowtail](https://5e.tools/bestiary.html#goblin%20sniper_fleemortals) [goblin, giant] female: archer. She is Hox's lover and prodigee. She is slight of frame and short, even for a goblin. She wears a few small earrings, but not any specific piece. She might become jealous of the party if they spend too much time with him. ## [Emergency Names](https://www.fantasynamegenerators.com/goblin-names.php) *Male*: Grikx, Helk, Slummex, Yalb, Triq *Female*: Srift, Imzonee, Ilmea, Ifsi, Pronx

@ a619eb76:11d75935

whats the funniest insult in your opinion? and please provide context as to why. for me, i cant help but laugh at the insult 'bitch boy'. reason being...my mom, who never swuares, referred to a kid i was kind of friends with in high school that also kinda sucked as a 'little bitch boy'. it really showed in hind sight how much she hated me hanging out with that friend ( and she was right! friendship crumbled cuz the dude sucked hahah), totally caught me off guard at the time but now i cant help but laugh at the insult 🙂 ehat about yall? originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/657534

@ b0510a0c:12716ced

# On April 24, 2012, Erik Voorhees changed everything about Bitcoin with the launch of Satoshi Dice: a game that captivated users and intensified debates about Bitcoin's evolution and the network's ability to handle an increasing volume of transactions. At that time, Satoshi Dice allowed thousands of players to bet on digital dice rolls, leading to a **MASSIVE** influx of transactions that filled the blocks of the blockchain.  ## 📈 Success of Satoshi Dice: Satoshi Dice achieved phenomenal success, attracting millions of users with its simplicity. Players flocked in, bets piled up, and blocks filled up.  Erik Voorhees effectively leveraged Bitcoin's microtransactions, quickly saturating the blocks with these. This was a testament to the game's popularity, but also a source of tension within the community. Within months, Satoshi Dice became the most popular service on the Bitcoin network, boosting its usage and virality. Players appreciated the "provable fairness" aspect of the game, where they could verify the transparency and fairness of each bet. ## 🚫 Criticism and Controversy: However, this success was not without criticism. Many Bitcoin enthusiasts viewed the massive influx of transactions generated by the game unfavorably. For them, these sometimes trivial transactions "spammed" the blockchain, clogging the blocks and increasing transaction fees for all users. Does this sound familiar? The network, designed to handle about seven transactions per second, quickly reached its maximum capacity, causing validation delays and "high" fees.  ## ⚔️ BlockSize Wars: The BlockSize wars, which took place mainly between 2016 and 2017, were a technical and ideological conflict centered on block size and scalability solutions. While Satoshi Dice was not the sole cause, the game significantly contributed to the emergence of this event by helping to popularize Bitcoin among new users and generating substantial transaction volume. As Bitcoin adoption grew, the network faced intense pressure, leading to block saturation and rising transaction fees. On one side, some advocated for increasing block size to allow more transactions, leading to the creation of Bitcoin Cash in August 2017. On the other, proponents of solutions like SegWit pushed for improvements without compromising decentralization. ## 🔧 Adoption of SegWit: Erik Voorhees expressed his support for the SegWit2x proposal, which aimed to improve network scalability by combining the implementation of SegWit with an increase in block size. Segregated Witness (SegWit) was adopted in August 2017, allowing transaction data to be separated from signatures. This reorganization not only increased transaction processing capacity but also paved the way for the development of the Lightning Network, a layer 2 solution enabling instant and low-cost transactions. SegWit was a crucial response to the challenges posed by network congestion, which had been exacerbated by Bitcoin's growing adoption and the emergence of popular applications like Satoshi Dice. ## ⚡ SegWit and Lightning: The adoption of SegWit helped resolve blockchain congestion issues, while the Lightning Network, a layer 2 solution, facilitated fast and low-cost transactions. Together, these innovations not only addressed technical challenges but also renewed enthusiasm for games and other applications on Bitcoin, paving the way for a new wave of development.  ## 🎲 Nostr Dice: Today, as we reflect on the impact of Satoshi Dice, a new project emerges: nostr:npub1nstrdc6z4y9xadyj4z2zfecu6zt05uvlmd08ea0vchcvfrjvv7yq8lns84 This modern clone of the original game is built on Nostr, a decentralized communication protocol, and Lightning, paying homage to the past while offering an enhanced gaming experience that does not impact layer 1 congestion! From a game that caused Bitcoin congestion to its rebirth on Lightning, which it helped to bring about, the circle is complete! 

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

Alright folks, it's showtime! The **Thailand Bitcoin Conference 2024 (#TBC2024)** is about to kick off, and as one of the organizers, yours truly, Jakk Goodday, co-founder of Right Shift, is beyond stoked. This isn't just another conference, it's the culmination of our passion, dedication, and vision for a brighter future, brought to life by a vibrant community of Bitcoin enthusiasts in Thailand.  ### Get ready to rumble! Picture this: you step into a bustling hall at **True Digital Park** in the heart of **Bangkok.** The air is buzzing with anticipation as over 500 passionate Bitcoiners, from seasoned veterans to eager newcomers, gather to connect and exchange ideas. The lights dim, the stage comes alive, and a lineup of captivating speakers, both local and international, take the spotlight, ready to ignite the spark of inspiration. TBC2024 is more than just talks and presentations. It's about forging genuine connections, engaging in lively discussions, sharing laughter, and making new friends. It's about experiencing the Thai Bitcoin scene firsthand, with a bustling marketplace showcasing innovative Bitcoin-powered businesses and delectable local treats. And let's not forget the epic after-party, where the music will pulse, the drinks will flow, and the community will come alive in a celebration of the Bitcoin spirit. ### What's on the agenda? We've got a jam-packed program spread across two days, with three stages catering to all levels of Bitcoin enthusiasts.   **Day 1: Echoes of Hope** will delve into Bitcoin's potential to tackle social and economic challenges. Get ready for thought-provoking talks by industry leaders like **Dr. Wichit Saiklao** and **Dr. Big**, also **Piriya** who will challenge your understanding of money and the economy. Hear inspiring stories from **Jimmy Kostro** about how Bitcoin is empowering communities, and gain insights from content creators like **Pong SUPERTOMMO, Tip_NZ**, and **Isora Hata** on navigating the digital landscape. We'll even explore the intersection of Bitcoin and morality with **Mu'aawiyah Tucker**. And more.. And to ensure everyone's on the same page, we'll have **real-time Thai-English subtitles** on the big screen!   **Day 2: Unlocking the Future** will focus on real-world Bitcoin applications and their impact. Witness how Bitcoin is transforming industries and empowering individuals with **Kgothatso Ngako's** showcase of **Machankura**, a Bitcoin platform that doesn't require internet access. Be inspired by **Captain Sidd's** tales of Bitcoin-fueled adventures, and gain a new perspective on human rights with **Alex Li** from the **Human Rights Foundation**. We'll also have insightful discussions on building the Bitcoin community in Thailand and the rise of Asian Bitcoin communities. The day will culminate with a powerful closing message from **Piriya, Khing**, and **Jingjo** from **Right Shift**, reminding us how Bitcoin is fixing our broken monetary system.    ### More stages, more fun! The excitement doesn't stop at the Main Stage. TBC2024 offers two additional stages that cater to every level of Bitcoin enthusiast. * **Advanced Stage**: For developers, tech enthusiasts, or anyone who wants to explore the cutting-edge of Bitcoin technology. Get ready to roll up your sleeves and dive deep into the technical intricacies of Bitcoin with hands-on workshops and interactive sessions. * **Beginner Stage**: New to Bitcoin? No worries! The Beginner Stage is designed to gently guide you through the fundamentals of Bitcoin. We'll cover everything from setting up your first Bitcoin wallet to making your first Lightning transaction. Whether you're a tech-savvy coder or a curious beginner, TBC2024 has something for everyone. Come join us and immerse yourself in the world of Bitcoin. Let's learn, explore, and build the future together.  ### Siamstr vibes: Where connections spark and friendships flourish TBC2024 isn't just a conference, it's a full-on community gathering, warm and welcoming. Get ready for laughter, lively conversations, and new friendships that'll make you feel right at home. * **Experience the Siamstr Spirit**: The Thai Bitcoin community on Nostr is known for its tight-knit, friendly vibe. You'll meet a diverse crowd, all united by their love for Bitcoin. * **Cutting-Edge Marketplace**: Get ready for a lightning-fast marketplace showcasing the coolest products and services from Thai entrepreneurs who accept Bitcoin Lightning payments! * **Exclusive Dinner Party**: Join us for an unforgettable dinner in a relaxed atmosphere. Rub shoulders with speakers, Bitcoin OGs, and fellow enthusiasts, and listen to exclusive "Chit Talk" sessions on hot topics revealed only at the event. Then, let loose at the after-party, with a mini-concert and plenty of craft beer from Chit Beer to keep the good times rolling.  TBC2024 is more than just a conference; it's an experience that will let you feel the true power of the Bitcoin community. Come be a part of Siamstr and make some unforgettable memories! ### Join the Movement So, whether you're a seasoned Bitcoiner or simply Bitcoin-curious, TBC2024 is the place to be. Come join us in Bangkok and experience the magic of the Siamstr community. Let's build a brighter future, together. See you there! **Jakk Goodday** #TBC2024 #Bitcoin #Siamstr 14-15 September 2024 **Get Digital Ticket** [here](https://www.eventpop.me/e/17031/tbc2024) Reserve your seat with [Bitcoin Lightning payment here.](https://rightshift.to/product/tbc2024-event-ticket/)

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

In today's episode, I delve into silent payments in Bitcoin, introduced through BIP 352 to enhance privacy. I discuss its benefits, drawbacks, and impact, plus updates on BitVM 2, BTrust, and more. - Silent Payments Explained - US "Officials" to Redefine "Money" - BitVM2 on the Horizen - Trump Taps Bitcoiner For Transition Team - Ark Protocol is ALIVE! Listen on @fountain --> https://fountain.fm/episode/oi8mInXrys0GD1SRdEyH <-- originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/654973

@ fa984bd7:58018f52

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

From creating connections to taming #LLM-generated chaos, we dive into how embeddings can turn digital noise into meaningful insights. Join Liminal from Project Alexandria and me as we explore the fun side of navigating the wild web of ideas and relational knowledge in Episode 937 of Bitcoin And. Liminal is sharing 50% of this episode's revenue so use a modern podcasting app to generously BOOST, STREAM, and ZAP Sats. - Project Alexandria - nostr's Ecosystem - Zettlekasten Note Taking - LLM's Role in Deleting Relational Noise - The Future Listen to the interview on @fountain --> https://fountain.fm/episode/vvZkH5FKqYVuyFAP312V <-- originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/652671

@ 06639a38:655f8f71

* Updated the references documentation [here](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/blob/main/REFERENCES.md) and [here](https://nostr-php.dev/references/) * Improved relay responses and added backwards compability for the used `CommandResult` class * Added RelayResponses according to the logic described in NIP-01 using this [PR#59](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/59) from [kriptonix](https://github.com/kriptonix) as a base. * `OK` response * `ERROR` response * `CLOSE` response * `EVENT` response * `EOSE` response * `NOTICE` response * Partly integrated NIP-42 with an `AUTH` relay response * Added the documentation page 'relay responses' on [nostr-php.dev](http://nostr-php.dev) * The screenshot is quite funny describing Nostr having PHP vibes comparing it with the ATProtocol from Bluesky \[[source](https://bsky.app/profile/bmann.ca/post/3kzcyksddj22u)\].

@ 46fcbe30:6bd8ce4d

Opinion about BitWallet - Buy & Sell Bitcoin (android) <!--HEADER END--> On trustpilot, 20% of reviews are complaining about KYC only after trying to withdraw, with some claims of outright disappearing money. <!--FOOTER START--> #WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion [Join the conversation!](https://walletscrutiny.com/android/com.Android.Inc.bitwallet)

@ b22fef18:1bba6e1f

## Chef's notes Old family recipe that my grandma used to make during the summer. Creamy and refreshing. ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 10 min - 🍳 Cook time: 4 hours chilled - 🍽️ Servings: 8-10 ## Ingredients - 3/4 cup shredded cucumber - 3/4 cup cucumber juice - 3/4 cup water - 1 packet lime jello - 1/4 cup chopped onion - 1 cup 4% cottage cheese - 1 cup Miracle Whip ## Directions 1. Shred cucumber and add salt to draw out moisture. 2. Mix juice from shredded cucumber and water. 3. Heat juice/water and dissolve lime jello. 4. Allow to cool slightly. (Add a couple ice cubes to chill it down and remove before melted) 5. Mix together the jello mixture and all other ingredients.

@ fa984bd7:58018f52

@ 454bc277:e4a9561a

Larry had the perfect life, a beautiful wife, a mortgage, a dog. The only cloud on the horizon was his relationship to Linda. It was unstable. Linda thrived on rescuing others. Larry's problems had fulfilled all her needs in past years, but he felt like he was slipping into irrelevance as his fortunes improved. It was Saturday morning and Larry had the garage door open, golden retriever lying basking in the morning sun. "Honey, when are you going to get rid of this old motorcycle in the garage" Linda asked wandering into the garage from the kitchen. "Linda, I'm going fix it and go on a road trip this fall" Larry replied shortly. "Mmmkay, you said that last year too," said Linda. "What about this old box of letters you have here on the shelf," Larry asked,changing the subject. Linda: "oh, you can toss those. Here, into the trash." Larry: "You're so quick to throw things away, Linda." Linda: "i'm in a hurry to get to the bank, Larry, it's my Saturday to man the Drive-Thru" window Larry: "ok, have fun 'manning' the drive thru." "Very funny, Mister Biker Man, I have to save all you men from your financial problems," Linda gave Larry a thoughtless smooch and drove out of the garage. Larry looked at Linda driving away, his unused Harley. He felt a sense of loss, loneliness, and the creeping onset of a mid-life crisis. He picked up one of the yellowing letters out of the trash and opened it. They were love letters to Linda from an old boyfriend in prison. Larry read enough of the letters to be aware of the crime the ex-boyfriend had committed to fall from Linda's good graces: the jailbird had reformed. In his deepening gloom, Larry prayed for help. Divine inspiration was not long in coming: Larry would become an irredeemable bad boy. By the afternoon, Larry had jump-started the Harley, dressed in his leather gear, bandana on, guns out. The biker jacket pinched in a few places, but he felt an exuberance flushing his skin. He knew what he had to do to get Linda back, even if he had to go to prison for it. -------------- At the bank, Linda surveyed out of the glass-drive through window. The horses and wagon on the bank logo reminded her of Billy the Kid. At times she caught herself worrying that she had some syndrome of mid-career bank tellers. She frequently found herself dreaming of a bank robbery to hold-up her daily humdrum of vacuum tubes, deposit envelopes and lollipops. Just maybe she was a modern day Marion the Librarian. Her manager's voice cut through her musings: "Hold up, Linda, you're lost in a daydream" "Oh hi, Grant," Linda answered. He continued, "Linda, we sure do get a whole lot of men filing through here on Saturday with sundry credit score questions." Faye at the mortgage desk piped up, "Linda can't go to the grocery store without bumping into the same men on 3 different aisles." The manager: "Linda, you have another customer, there's a man on a Harley driving up to your window." Linda spoke through the teller window mic, smile spreading across her face: "Hello Mr. Biker Man, how can I help you." Larry replied through the drive-thru,"This is a hostage situation, Ms. Bank teller, come on out and get on the bike." Linda replied, "Hold on, Larry, my shift is almost over" The manager: "Is that your husband, Linda?" Linda, "Yes, Larry has gone crazy, and it looks like it's either me or the bank burns down." Manager: "Ok good, I won't dial 911. I'll fill in for you til 4 o'clock and maybe just one of these days i'll have your luck." Larry's bike sounded like 101 trombones as he roared off into the sunset with Linda on the back, happy grin on his face that he once again figured out how to save Linda.

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

## Here's how people use OtherStuff apps. 1) They usually go there to write or post, not to read or view, unless someone they _closely_ follow wrote about it in a Kind 01 note, SimpleX chat, Slack Channel, Telegram group, etc. 2) While they are there, they sometimes look around at what their frens have posted, zap them, leave a comment or a reply, etc. Sometimes they spend hours there. They really like it! 3) Then they leave. 4) If someone responds to anything they posted or wrote there, with anything other than a Kind 01 reply, they do not know about it, because it does not show up in their normal feed or notifications. 5) They do not come back until 1) happens again.

@ 9e915942:f8133dec

# I am not a therapist *Part one of a three-part series called "Breaking my silence on social-emotional learning"*  I’ve been suspicious of “social-emotional circles” since I learned about them, several years ago. My first concern was how to fit this practice into a curriculum in which two snow days can mean I have to cut content. However, my second and more substantive concern, was that, put simply, I am not a therapist and am not equipped to lead an exercise like this. After reading [Bad Therapy: Why the kids aren’t growing up](https://www.amazon.com/Bad-Therapy-Kids-Arent-Growing/dp/B0CK524HQ7/ref=sr_1_1?crid=K3BX6HYW2282&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.zT54L8v7fDcZziZJoty4xkAenFGGXrIHltBdsJvPVtgM9OYYEbbvONPltyZX28UkmBYq6-eiBaSQN4usXHU3JrVMOyhFIi_WykOauizG0qrRRVgi3JM3GvC-YNlReHNHOdj_q1PJNWVkM7omlysAvKMyy9bUJa-SMmKFQZgmn5H7vvhKdVBM9h7gbuXd1FRCmrFbN6rmKR3oEFxKHxhaMBor5VYaZGwOfmybOxniLvU.CwGO3v___93oYeo4IB0uVCkKhBedknOwISBCLcEQwuE&dib_tag=se&keywords=bad+therapy+abigail+shrier&qid=1722781693&sprefix=%2Caps%2C276&sr=8-1), by Abigail Shier, I’m not only convinced that I shouldn’t do these in my classroom, I think they should rarely be done in classrooms at all. While this and the next couple of posts will focus on circles, the book has raised many flags for me about things we routinely do in schools intended to help kids’ mental health. She argues we, the well-intentioned people who work with young people, frequently commit iatrogenesis (harm caused by those attempting to heal) and argues that many of our best-intentioned interventions likely cause more harm than benefit. I chose circles for a couple reasons. First, it’s relevant to many teachers because it – along with restorative practices, social-emotional learning (SEL) generally, and trauma-informed education – has become quite popular over the last several years. Second, it provides a concrete case study that exemplifies broader issues with SEL in schools. For those of you unfamiliar with restorative circles, I’ll try to give you the TL:DR. A teacher puts the students in her class in a circle. Basically she then goes around the circle and everyone has the opportunity to share something. There are many variations on this. The teacher might ask students to share how they are feeling that day (check-in style circle), something their struggling with recently or something good that’s happened, or how something that happened in class - like an outburst by a student, for example - made them feel. All of these types or circles have been suggested in the trainings that I’ve attended to varying degrees. (You can read more about restorative circles [here](https://www.edutopia.org/article/building-community-restorative-circles/), which explains in detail more or less the what I’ve learned about them in trainings.) For now, I want to focus on the more “meaningful” types of circles, not the “check-in” types. These are designed to help students build empathy and other social-emotional skills as well as help students process something they, or the class as a whole, is going through. (Although Shier has convinced me that the check-in style circles are a bad practice as well – an argument I plan to flesh out in part three.) ### I am not a therapist You might be wondering, if a teacher has time to do them, what could be the harm in doing these regularly with students? Wouldn’t they help build a stronger classroom community? Let’s suppose that time is not an issue. The biggest problem I see is that *I am not a therapist* and nearly every teacher is not trained as a therapist either. I remember sitting in trainings and imagining situations in which I’m running a circle and a kid shares something and bursts into tears. Or shares something deeply personal that maybe they shouldn’t have shared with me or their peers. Or calls out another student in class for some reason, creating a conflict in front of the entire class. Whenever circles were described to me it felt like a description of group therapy, and I am simply not trained to handle the variety of situations that might arise in group therapy. In fact, if you really want to see how closely they resemble each other, check out [this page by the counseling Center Group for group therapy in New York City](https://counselingcentergroup.com/group-therapy-in-nyc/) and compare it the description of circles in the article I linked above. You’ll find a lot of common themes, although the group therapy article emphasizes repeatedly that *trained therapists* will be leading the groups.  I’ve raised this concern with individual colleagues and in various meetings over the last several years, including recently at a district-level diversity, equity, and inclusion task force meeting. This is not a direct quote, but I’m most often met with some flavor of the following, either from a teacher who uses circles often, an education consultant leading professional development, or an administrator who has seen teachers run them: > Most of the time these concerns aren’t an issue. Kids don’t share those kinds of things. If anything gets shared beyond what you think you can handle, you can always end the circle and bring in a school counselor to help you with that individual student or to help you run the circle again to address what happened. Maybe you should work with a teacher who does circles often to help you feel more comfortable. Sometimes other tips are also shared at this point – a sort of ad hoc list of group therapy hacks. Start doing circles with light-hearted prompts to help build community, they might say. Make sure students know they can “pass” and don’t have to share if they don’t want to share. Don’t pass judgement on what students share, be empathic, ask open questions instead of closed questions. And so on. This is akin to taking a truck driver and giving him a three-hour training on driving a school bus and telling him he can start a bus route next week. When he says he’s not sure that he can actually pull that off, he’s told that “opening the door is actually pretty easy to figure out, remember to take wide turns, and don’t forget to stop at every railroad crossing. I’ll let you talk with Sam – he’s been driving bus on the side for years! I’m sure you’ll do great!” Are there similarities between driving a semi-truck and trailer and a school bus? Of course. Are there some truck drivers who could make the switch and be just fine after some practice? Certainly. Will there be many accidents, some of which are avoidable and catastrophic? If this practice continues long enough – absolutely. Similarly, some interpersonal skills required to teach overlap with those needed by therapists, surely some teachers would be good therapists with minimal training, and having this as a practice by an institution will almost certainly lead to kids being victims of mishandled situations (iatrogenesis). ### Bad therapy in circles - a specific example Undoubtedly, many bad therapy practices are hidden from me because I don’t have the expertise to know what I don’t know, but I want to share one bad practice that Shier writes about to help make my point – therapist self-disclosure. When educators are taught about circles we are told that if we share personal stories then we will build trust with our students and this will encourage them to share more as well. From the [Edutopia article](https://www.edutopia.org/article/building-community-restorative-circles/) linked above, we are told, “Share authentically of yourself. This gives others permission to do the same.” Unfortunately, this is usually unethical according to Shier (she cites [this paper](https://societyforpsychotherapy.org/the-big-reveal-ethical-implications-of-therapist-self-disclosure/), which doesn’t argue that self-disclosure is *always* unethical, but that it is a very nuanced question in psychotherapy and that generally erring away from self-disclosure is best; which reiterates my argument since, as I’m not trained in psychotherapy, I’m not even aware of the aspects of it which are nuanced or settled or debated. But, I digress). Shier writes about a teacher (Kendra Jones, cited from this [Education Week article](https://www.edweek.org/leadership/why-its-so-hard-to-weave-social-emotional-learning-into-academics/2022/11)) who is “very vulnerable” with her students and goes on to say the following: > Interestingly, were Jones an actual therapist, such self disclosure would be considered unethical. Anytime a therapist might be inclined to share her personal history in order to gratify her own need, she must abstain in order to prioritize the clients needs. And here’s where things get tricky: teachers aren't actually trained in psychotherapy, and they aren't bound by its ethical guidelines, either. Setting up an “emotional sharing” session may sound good, but typically, therapists perform this function under ethical guidelines, so that they don't inadvertently exploit or betray their patients. Are the nuances of psychotherapy explored in trainings about restorative circles? Of course not. Because the trainers know that we aren’t therapists! Again, when I have raised this issue I’m told that this should not really be a concern - if you think anything is beyond what you can handle, get support from one of the school counselors. SEL circles exist in a superposition of importance; they are simultaneously innocuous enough that a teacher needn’t worry about not being trained in psychotherapy, but important enough that every teacher should be working to integrate them in all of their classes. The problems with SEL circles go beyond my lack of training in psychotherapy. In the next post I will explore the issues of confidentiality in circles and in part three explain how even if I was a therapist and we could somehow erase the issue of confidentiality, we *still* shouldn’t try to make circles a common practice. *Disclaimer: I realize that in writing this and publishing it publicly I run the risk of upsetting some friends, colleagues, and, potentially, administrators. Unfortunately, there are times when that risk must be taken in order to say what is true, needs to be said, and is not being said. I write this while passing no bad judgement on any educator who has implemented restorative circles or other restorative and social-emotional learning practices in their school or classroom. We have had countless trainers in countless hours of professional development the last several years telling us that this is best for kids – that kids will learn better and be more emotionally healthy if we do this. I don’t fault anyone for doing what we were told by the experts was best practice. I hope only to illuminate a contrary perspective that, in my opinion and experience, has significant ramifications if we are to truly do what’s best for our students.*

@ dbc828cc:ed78a663

# El nuevo continente --- La siguiente es la carta de respuesta a mi amigo de Japón, Yamaguchi, quien me ha preguntado acerca de la vida en el "nuevo continente". Para ser más precisos, la relación que el continente tiene con bitcoin. Su servidor solamente ha conocido algunas partes de México y El Salvador así que por esta ocasión solo voy a escribir acerca del segundo país, al cuál ya considero un segundo hogar. A continuación algunas fotografías con descripciones que ayuden a comunicar ideas de medianoche acerca del nuevo continente y bitcoin. Por otro lado, este escrito se ha procurado intencionalmente con el idioma Español en mente, mi lengua nativa, para fines de hacerle la tarea más fácil a ChatGPT, quien nos ayuda a traducir nuestras conversaciones. --- ## ¿Nuevo y viejo; este, y oeste?  Yamaguchi se ha referido al continente Americano como el "nuevo continente". Esto me ha sorprendido pues, desde mi experiencia, el continente Asiático, —para nosotros al menos—, es más comúnmente conocido como el continente del Este. (Eastern and Western). Llamarlo "nuevo" acarrea ya una connotación distinta a la geográfica, y la traslada a la temporal. Pues bien, para honrar la idea a propósito de una connotación temporal que mejor describa el carácter jovial de de Latinoamérica, ciertamente puedo confirmar que la vida de experiencia en El Salvador se aprecia temprana, pero llena de entusiasmo.  Para todos fue una sorpresa el anuncio de bitcoin como moneda de recurso legal en El Salvador. La siguiente sorpresa para la gente Salvadoreña fue presenciar el ir y venir de extranjeros curiosos, energéticos y en algunas ocasiones, faltos de vergüenza. ¿Qué se le va a hacer?, por eso y por otras cosas son conocidos los bitcoineros :).  Como tal parece que sucede en otros lugares del mundo, las grandes ciudades parecen más precavidas acerca del uso de bitcoin; desconfiadas, en algunos otros casos. No es para menos; en la ciudad a menudo las estafas y la criminalidad le hacen pasar malos ratos a las personas, y lamentablemente, el costo es la confianza.  En la playa y en las montañas, sin embargo, las cosas mejoran. Bitcoin Beach es el nombre de la iniciativa que ha inaugurado un sueño parecido en muchos de nosotros; aún sin poder responder precisamente ¿cuál es ese sueño?, es posible asegurar que se puede "sentir" y que de este modo, el valor de la confianza puede ser reconstruido.  La gente Salvadoreña es muy trabajadora y de buen humor. El pueblo de El Salvador ha tenido que hacer frente a periodos de guerra, de violencia y carestía; pero a pesar de las adversidades, en sus corazones no se ha acomodado el resentimiento y en cambio, se ha permitido lugar a la bondad, el compañerismo y el esfuerzo.  Por un lado más generalizado; tal parece que las oportunidades de inversión y empleo lucen optimistas. El Salvador tiene reconocidas producciones de café, caña, y energía volcánica ;). Mejor conocido por ser un destino clave para quiénes practican surf, El Salvador parece comenzar a abrir sus puertas a nuevas ideas.  Ahora bien, personalmente hablando, para mi El Salvador es como un pequeño México. Las regiones climáticas y culturales son bastante parecidas, pero sin duda parece una buena ventaja tener las montañas y las playas a poca distancia; es posible cambiar de atmósfera en un mismo día.  Finalmente, me despido con un viejo refrán que viene a propósito del entusiasmo que bitcoin irradia no solamente hacia Latinoamérica, sino al mundo entero: "con calma, que llevo prisa". Es decir, si bien los sentimientos de energía, ímpetu y entusiasmo son alimento nutritivo para el espíritu; cuando se abusa de sus bendiciones se puede también propiciar la generación de malos hábitos o accidentes. Es mejor ir con con calma pero con confianza ;). Buenas noches. 

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

> Create in me a clean heart, O God, And renew a steadfast spirit within me. (Psalm 51:10) If we want to have a clean heart, to know Jesus as Savior, and to join Him in heaven for all eternity, we need a new heart. A friend of ours from church had a failing heart. It wasn’t working right. He couldn’t do any physical activity. Eventually he was limited to bedrest. He needed a new heart (physical). One day, a heart donor became available. Someone needed to die so that he could get the new heart he needed. One day, he went through surgery and a new physical heart was implanted in his chest. After receiving a new heart, he had to go through lots of Physical Therapy to build up his body and his heart, so everything was working as it was supposed to. In the same way we are broken, sinful men and women. Our hearts are corrupted and failing and we are quickly heading towards death. Jesus died to take away our sins and when we repent of our sins, acknowledge Him as our Savior, Lord, and God, He gives us a new heart. From the moment of salvation, we have a new heart and are a new person. This is Salvation and it happens instantaneously. We go from spiritually dead to spiritually alive. ### Born Again Being born again is a hard thing to understand. Even the top spiritual leaders of Jesus’s time couldn’t understand it. Here is Jesus’s explanation: > Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews; this man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, “Rabbi, we know that You have come from God as a teacher; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is with him.” Jesus answered and said to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.”<br><br> Nicodemus said to Him, “How can a man be born when he is old? He cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born, can he?” Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going; so is everyone who is born of the Spirit.”<br><br> Nicodemus said to Him, “How can these things be?” Jesus answered and said to him, “Are you the teacher of Israel and do not understand these things? Truly, truly, I say to you, we speak of what we know and testify of what we have seen, and you do not accept our testimony. If I told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? No one has ascended into heaven, but He who descended from heaven: the Son of Man. As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up; so that whoever believes will in Him have eternal life.<br><br> “For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life. For God did not send the Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world might be saved through Him. He who believes in Him is not judged; he who does not believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. This is the judgment, that the Light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the Light, for their deeds were evil. For everyone who does evil hates the Light, and does not come to the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed. But he who practices the truth comes to the Light, so that his deeds may be manifested as having been wrought in God.” (John 3:1-21) {emphasis mine} One thing that science has never been able to explain is the soul of man. People are more than just biology. We are body, mind, and soul. We are more than chemical reactions. Our body may be finite and decaying, but our soul is not. It will exist for all eternity. The important thing is that our soul be renewed to its perfect state by repentance and faith in Jesus. When my sons were little, I allowed them to make small mistakes where they suffered small consequences, so they could learn and avoid making big mistakes with life changing consequences. I encouraged them to climb stairs in spots where there were only 2-3 steps, so they could fall, learn about heights, but not get any serious injuries. I allowed them to waste a few dollars and regret their choices, so they would not waste their money and indebt themselves in adulthood. In the same way, God allowed Adam and Eve to chose to disobey God and pay the consequences for that choice, but He also made a way to escape those consequences. “*For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life*.” We now have a second chance to make the right choice and to choose to repent and trust Jesus. If we chose to reject Jesus, we are “*judged already, because he(we) has(have) not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God*.” ### Regeneration When we are born again, there should be an immediate change in our thoughts, words, and actions. No, we don’t go from non-stop sinners to perfect saints in that instant, but there should be immediate change. Depending on our lives before accepting Jesus, this change may be more or less dramatic, but it should still be obvious to those around them. When my oldest son was little, he said that he had trusted Jesus. He was a people pleaser and a submissive child and he wanted to please his parents. The first time he told us this, we looked at his life and rather easily determined that he had not truly been saved. A year or two later, he came and said the same thing. At that point we saw a definite change in him that was obvious to us despite the fact that he had been a “good” son before being born again. There is always a change. In the case of Saul/Paul, the change in his life was immediately obvious to everyone around him. > Now Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest, and asked for letters from him to the synagogues at Damascus, so that if he found any belonging to the Way (Christians), both men and women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. As he was traveling, it happened that he was approaching Damascus, and suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him; and he fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me?” And he said, “Who are You, Lord?” And He said, “I am Jesus whom you are persecuting, but get up and enter the city, and it will be told you what you must do.” The men who traveled with him stood speechless, hearing the voice but seeing no one. Saul got up from the ground, and though his eyes were open, he could see nothing; and leading him by the hand, they brought him into Damascus. And he was three days without sight, and neither ate nor drank.<br><br> Now there was a disciple at Damascus named Ananias; and the Lord said to him in a vision, “Ananias.” And he said, “Here I am, Lord.” And the Lord said to him, “Get up and go to the street called Straight, and inquire at the house of Judas for a man from Tarsus named Saul, for he is praying, and he has seen in a vision a man named Ananias come in and lay his hands on him, so that he might regain his sight.” But Ananias answered, “Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much harm he did to Your saints at Jerusalem; and here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all who call on Your name.” But the Lord said to him, “Go, for he is a chosen instrument of Mine, to bear My name before the Gentiles and kings and the sons of Israel; for I will show him how much he must suffer for My name’s sake.” (Acts 9:1-16) Saul went from doing everything in his power to destroy the church and to destroy all belief in Jesus to being Paul who suffered and died to share the truth of Jesus with people all around the world. The change was so dramatic that even many of the Christians couldn’t believe that his conversion was real. It didn’t make sense to them. Only the power of God is able to change a heart from sinfulness leading to separation from God, to righteousness and love leading to eternity in God’s presence. Of all the miracles in the Bible, this change of heart in believers may be the greatest. ### Salvation vs Sanctification From the moment of saving faith and repentance, we have God’s salvation. > But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name, who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God. (John 1:12-13) We are given the gift of His forgiveness, the indwelling of His Spirit, and the promise of eternity with Him. On the other hand, sanctification takes time. Sanctification takes effort learning to submit to God’s will and to rely on the power of the Spirit in us rather than on our own power. In the movie A Princess Bride, one of the main characters, Wesley, is tortured “to death.” The other characters take him to Miracle Max to see if he can be brought back to life. Miracle Max says Wesley is “only mostly dead and mostly dead is partially alive.” Some believers are only mostly dead, but mostly dead is partially alive. Sanctification is the process of reviving us from mostly dead, to alive and in the image of God and His son, Jesus Christ. No Christian should stay in this mostly dead state. We should NOT resemble the sinners of the world. We should resemble Jesus. The Holy Spirit helps guide us and empower us to become more alive and more like Jesus. He changes our hearts from a cold heart of stone, to a loving heart in accordance to God’s will. Although sanctification is really a work of the Holy Spirit, there are things we can do, with the help of the Spirit to become more alive in Jesus. We can read the Bible to learn more about who God is and what He expects from us. We can pray for His help accomplishing His will and changing our will to be inline with His will. The more we know about God and who He is, the more we know what we should become and what is pleasing to Him. Being saved requires us to know that Jesus is God and that we are sinners. It requires us to trust in what Jesus did for us and to submit to His will. Being sanctified requires so much more. How can we trust someone we don’t really know? How can we become like someone of whom we only have a cursory knowledge? We need to know more about God (primarily by reading the Bible), and we need to know God better (primarily by talking to Him and listening to Him through prayer). Sanctification also requires time. Nobody becomes an expert at anything instantly. We get better at things through practice. Now this doesn’t mean that we sanctify ourselves or do this by ourselves. Just like salvation is a work of God, so is sanctification, but we do need to learn over time. As we trust Him and obey Him, we see that He is faithful and His way is the best way causing us to trust and obey Him more. It builds on itself helping us to grow to become more like Jesus. Sins (no matter how “small”) that didn’t seem like a big deal will become a big deal to us as we grow to view the world as God does. > And now I commend you to God and to the word of His grace, which is able to build you up and to give you the inheritance among all those who are sanctified. (Acts 20:32) This growth will prepare us for eternity in God’s presence. > He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of My God, and he will not go out from it anymore; and I will write on him the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God, the new Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from My God, and My new name. (Revelation 3:12) God can do anything, but I’ve never seen a person instantly go from being a sinner, separated from God to having a 100% proper view of God and His will and having a perfectly correct view of our relationship with Him. Hopefully as you live your life through the power of the Holy Spirit, you will continue growing in this wisdom, in knowledge of Him, and in likeness to Jesus. Pray with me, “*Create in me a clean heart*.” Trust Jesus. FYI, Read my whole series on the individual [fruits of the Spirit](https://trustjesus.substack.com/p/fruits-of-the-spirit-6fc) listed in Galatians 5 Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated

@ da18e986:3a0d9851

After months of development I am excited to officially announce the first version of DVMDash (v0.1). DVMDash is a monitoring and debugging tool for all Data Vending Machine (DVM) activity on Nostr. The website is live at [https://dvmdash.live](https://dvmdash.live) and the code is available on [Github](https://github.com/dtdannen/dvmdash). Data Vending Machines ([NIP-90](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/90.md)) offload computationally expensive tasks from relays and clients in a decentralized, free-market manner. They are especially useful for AI tools, algorithmic processing of user’s feeds, and many other use cases. The long term goal of DVMDash is to become 1) a place to easily see what’s happening in the DVM ecosystem with metrics and graphs, and 2) provide real-time tools to help developers monitor, debug, and improve their DVMs. DVMDash aims to enable users to answer these types of questions at a glance: * What’s the most popular DVM right now? * How much money is being paid to image generation DVMs? * Is any DVM down at the moment? When was the last time that DVM completed a task? * Have any DVMs failed to deliver after accepting payment? Did they refund that payment? * How long does it take this DVM to respond? * For task X, what’s the average amount of time it takes for a DVM to complete the task? * … and more For developers working with DVMs there is now a visual, graph based tool that shows DVM-chain activity. DVMs have already started calling other DVMs to assist with work. Soon, we will have humans in the loop monitoring DVM activity, or completing tasks themselves. The activity trace of which DVM is being called as part of a sub-task from another DVM will become complicated, especially because these decisions will be made at run-time and are not known ahead of time. Building a tool to help users and developers understand where a DVM is in this activity trace, whether it’s gotten stuck or is just taking a long time, will be invaluable. *For now, the website only shows 1 step of a dvm chain from a user's request.* One of the main designs for the site is that it is highly _clickable_, meaning whenever you see a DVM, Kind, User, or Event ID, you can click it and open that up in a new page to inspect it. Another aspect of this website is that it should be fast. If you submit a DVM request, you should see it in DVMDash within seconds, as well as events from DVMs interacting with your request. I have attempted to obtain DVM events from relays as quickly as possible and compute metrics over them within seconds. This project makes use of a nosql database and graph database, currently set to use mongo db and neo4j, for which there are free, community versions that can be run locally. Finally, I’m grateful to nostr:npub10pensatlcfwktnvjjw2dtem38n6rvw8g6fv73h84cuacxn4c28eqyfn34f for supporting this project. ## Features in v0.1: ### Global Network Metrics: This page shows the following metrics: - **DVM Requests:** Number of unencrypted DVM requests (kind 5000-5999) - **DVM Results:** Number of unencrypted DVM results (kind 6000-6999) - **DVM Request Kinds Seen:** Number of unique kinds in the Kind range 5000-5999 (except for known non-DVM kinds 5666 and 5969) - **DVM Result Kinds Seen:** Number of unique kinds in the Kind range 6000-6999 (except for known non-DVM kinds 6666 and 6969) - **DVM Pub Keys Seen:** Number of unique pub keys that have written a kind 6000-6999 (except for known non-DVM kinds) or have published a kind 31990 event that specifies a ‘k’ tag value between 5000-5999 - **DVM Profiles (NIP-89) Seen**: Number of 31990 that have a ‘k’ tag value for kind 5000-5999 - **Most Popular DVM**: The DVM that has produced the most result events (kind 6000-6999) - **Most Popular Kind**: The Kind in range 5000-5999 that has the most requests by users. - **24 hr DVM Requests**: Number of kind 5000-5999 events created in the last 24 hrs - **24 hr DVM Results**: Number of kind 6000-6999 events created in the last 24 hours - **1 week DVM Requests**: Number of kind 5000-5999 events created in the last week - **1 week DVM Results**: Number of kind 6000-6999 events created in the last week - **Unique Users of DVMs**: Number of unique pubkeys of kind 5000-5999 events - **Total Sats Paid to DVMs**: - This is an estimate. - This value is likely a lower bound as it does not take into consideration subscriptions paid to DVMs - This is calculated by counting the values of all invoices where: - A DVM published a kind 7000 event requesting payment and containing an invoice - The DVM later provided a DVM Result for the same job for which it requested payment. - The assumption is that the invoice was paid, otherwise the DVM would not have done the work - Note that because there are multiple ways to pay a DVM such as lightning invoices, ecash, and subscriptions, there is no guaranteed way to know whether a DVM has been paid. Additionally, there is no way to know that a DVM completed the job because some DVMs may not publish a final result event and instead send the user a DM or take some other kind of action. ### Recent Requests: This page shows the most recent 3 events per kind, sorted by created date. You should always be able to find the last 3 events here of all DVM kinds. ### DVM Browser: This page will either show a profile of a specific DVM, or when no DVM is given in the url, it will show a table of all DVMs with some high level stats. Users can click on a DVM in the table to load the DVM specific page. ### Kind Browser: This page will either show data on a specific kind including all DVMs that have performed jobs of that kind, or when no kind is given, it will show a table summarizing activity across all Kinds. ### Debug: This page shows the graph based visualization of all events, users, and DVMs involved in a single job as well as a table of all events in order from oldest to newest. When no event is given, this page shows the 200 most recent events where the user can click on an event in order to debug that job. The graph-based visualization allows the user to zoom in and out and move around the graph, as well as double click on any node in the graph (except invoices) to open up that event, user, or dvm in a new page. ### Playground: This page is currently under development and may not work at the moment. If it does work, in the current state you can login with NIP-07 extension and broadcast a 5050 event with some text and then the page will show you events from DVMs. This page will be used to interact with DVMs live. A current good alternative to this feature, for some but not all kinds, is [https://vendata.io/](https://vendata.io/). ## Looking to the Future I originally built DVMDash out of Fear-of-Missing-Out (FOMO); I wanted to make AI systems that were comprised of DVMs but my day job was taking up a lot of my time. I needed to know when someone was performing a new task or launching a new AI or Nostr tool! I have a long list of DVMs and Agents I hope to build and I needed DVMDash to help me do it; I hope it helps you achieve your goals with Nostr, DVMs, and even AI. To this end, I wish for this tool to be useful to others, so if you would like a feature, please [submit a git issue here](https://github.com/dtdannen/dvmdash/issues/new) or _note_ me on Nostr! ### Immediate Next Steps: - Refactoring code and removing code that is no longer used - Improve documentation to run the project locally - Adding a metric for number of encrypted requests - Adding a metric for number of encrypted results ### Long Term Goals: - Add more metrics based on community feedback - Add plots showing metrics over time - Add support for showing a multi-dvm chain in the graph based visualizer - Add a real-time mode where the pages will auto update (currently the user must refresh the page) - ... Add support for user requested features! ## Acknowledgements There are some fantastic people working in the DVM space right now. Thank you to nostr:npub1drvpzev3syqt0kjrls50050uzf25gehpz9vgdw08hvex7e0vgfeq0eseet for making python bindings for nostr_sdk and for the recent asyncio upgrades! Thank you to nostr:npub1nxa4tywfz9nqp7z9zp7nr7d4nchhclsf58lcqt5y782rmf2hefjquaa6q8 for answering lots of questions about DVMs and for making the nostrdvm library. Thank you to nostr:npub1l2vyh47mk2p0qlsku7hg0vn29faehy9hy34ygaclpn66ukqp3afqutajft for making the original DVM NIP and [vendata.io](https://vendata.io/) which I use all the time for testing! P.S. I rushed to get this out in time for Nostriga 2024; code refactoring will be coming :)

@ 30ceb64e:7f08bdf5

Heres a scenario: Imagine you have a nostr e-cash/Lightning Wallet and you would like to have a maximum receive balance of 20k split in between 5 mints that enable multipath payments. Pick 5 mints below to store 4k sats each, the funds are automatically withdrawn to your lightning node at the end of the day. Stacker News Robosats Sparrow Coinkite Start9 Rabbit Hole Recap @siggy47 Damus LND Your own mint originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/648298