@ 1bda7e1f:bb97c4d9

### Tldr - Nostr is an open and interoperable protocol - You can integrate it with workflow automation tools to augment your experience - n8n is a great low/no-code workflow automation tool which you can host yourself - Nostrobots allows you to integrate Nostr into n8n - In this blog I create some workflow automations for Nostr - A simple form to delegate posting notes - Push notifications for mentions on multiple accounts - Push notifications for your favourite accounts when they post a note - All workflows are provided as open source with MIT license for you to use ### Inter-op All The Things Nostr is a new open social protocol for the internet. This open nature exciting because of the opportunities for interoperability with other technologies. In [Using NFC Cards with Nostr]() I explored the `nostr:` URI to launch Nostr clients from a card tap. The interoperability of Nostr doesn't stop there. The internet has many super-powers, and Nostr is open to all of them. Simply, there's no one to stop it. There is no one in charge, there are no permissioned APIs, and there are no risks of being de-platformed. If you can imagine technologies that would work well with Nostr, then any and all of them can ride on or alongside Nostr rails. My mental model for why this is special is Google Wave ~2010. Google Wave was to be the next big platform. Lars was running it and had a big track record from Maps. I was excited for it. Then, Google pulled the plug. And, immediately all the time and capital invested in understanding and building on the platform was wasted. This cannot happen to Nostr, as there is no one to pull the plug, and maybe even no plug to pull. So long as users demand Nostr, Nostr will exist, and that is a pretty strong guarantee. It makes it worthwhile to invest in bringing Nostr into our other applications. All we need are simple ways to plug things together. ### Nostr and Workflow Automation Workflow automation is about helping people to streamline their work. As a user, the most common way I achieve this is by connecting disparate systems together. By setting up one system to trigger another or to move data between systems, I can solve for many different problems and become way more effective. #### n8n for workflow automation Many workflow automation tools exist. My favourite is [n8n](https://n8n.io/). n8n is a low/no-code workflow automation platform which allows you to build all kinds of workflows. You can use it for free, you can self-host it, it has a user-friendly UI and useful API. Vs Zapier it can be far more elaborate. Vs Make.com I find it to be more intuitive in how it abstracts away the right parts of the code, but still allows you to code when you need to. Most importantly you can plug anything into n8n: You have built-in nodes for specific applications. HTTP nodes for any other API-based service. And community nodes built by individual community members for any other purpose you can imagine. #### Eating my own dogfood It's very clear to me that there is a big design space here just demanding to be explored. If you could integrate Nostr with anything, what would you do? In my view the best way for anyone to start anything is by solving their own problem first (aka "scratching your own itch" and "eating your own dogfood"). As I get deeper into Nostr I find myself controlling multiple Npubs – to date I have a personal Npub, a brand Npub for a community I am helping, an AI assistant Npub, and various testing Npubs. I need ways to delegate access to those Npubs without handing over the keys, ways to know if they're mentioned, and ways to know if they're posting. I can build workflows with n8n to solve these issues for myself to start with, and keep expanding from there as new needs come up. ### Running n8n with Nostrobots I am mostly non-technical with a very helpful AI. To set up n8n to work with Nostr and operate these workflows should be possible for anyone with basic technology skills. - I have a cheap VPS which currently runs my [HAVEN Nostr Relay](https://rodbishop.npub.pro/post/8ca68889/) and [Albyhub Lightning Node](https://rodbishop.npub.pro/post/setting-up-payments-on-nostr-7o6ls7/) in Docker containers, - My objective was to set up n8n to run alongside these in a separate Docker container on the same server, install the required nodes, and then build and host my workflows. #### Installing n8n Self-hosting n8n could not be easier. I followed n8n's [Docker-Compose installation docs](https://docs.n8n.io/hosting/installation/server-setups/docker-compose/)– - Install Docker and Docker-Compose if you haven't already, - Create your ``docker-compose.yml`` and `.env` files from the docs, - Create your data folder `sudo docker volume create n8n_data`, - Start your container with `sudo docker compose up -d`, - Your n8n instance should be online at port `5678`. n8n is free to self-host but does require a license. Enter your credentials into n8n to get your free license key. You should now have access to the Workflow dashboard and can create and host any kind of workflows from there. #### Installing Nostrobots To integrate n8n nicely with Nostr, I used the [Nostrobots](https://github.com/ocknamo/n8n-nodes-nostrobots?tab=readme-ov-file) community node by [Ocknamo](nostr:npub1y6aja0kkc4fdvuxgqjcdv4fx0v7xv2epuqnddey2eyaxquznp9vq0tp75l). In n8n parlance a "node" enables certain functionality as a step in a workflow e.g. a "set" node sets a variable, a "send email" node sends an email. n8n comes with all kinds of "official" nodes installed by default, and Nostr is not amongst them. However, n8n also comes with a framework for community members to create their own "community" nodes, which is where Nostrobots comes in. You can only use a community node in a self-hosted n8n instance (which is what you have if you are running in Docker on your own server, but this limitation does prevent you from using n8n's own hosted alternative). To install a community node, [see n8n community node docs](https://docs.n8n.io/integrations/community-nodes/installation/gui-install/). From your workflow dashboard– - Click the "..." in the bottom left corner beside your username, and click "settings", - Cilck "community nodes" left sidebar, - Click "Install", - Enter the "npm Package Name" which is `n8n-nodes-nostrobots`, - Accept the risks and click "Install", - Nostrobots is now added to your n8n instance. #### Using Nostrobots Nostrobots gives you nodes to help you build Nostr-integrated workflows– - **Nostr Write** – for posting Notes to the Nostr network, - **Nostr Read** – for reading Notes from the Nostr network, and - **Nostr Utils** – for performing certain conversions you may need (e.g. from bech32 to hex). Nostrobots has [good documentation](https://github.com/ocknamo/n8n-nodes-nostrobots?tab=readme-ov-file) on each node which focuses on simple use cases. Each node has a "convenience mode" by default. For example, the "Read" Node by default will fetch Kind 1 notes by a simple filter, in Nostrobots parlance a "Strategy". For example, with Strategy set to "Mention" the node will accept a pubkey and fetch all Kind 1 notes that Mention the pubkey within a time period. This is very good for quick use. What wasn't clear to me initially (until Ocknamo helped me out) is that advanced use cases are also possible. Each node also has an advanced mode. For example, the "Read" Node can have "Strategy" set to "RawFilter(advanced)". Now the node will accept json (anything you like that complies with [NIP-01](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/01.md)). You can use this to query Notes (Kind 1) as above, and also Profiles (Kind 0), Follow Lists (Kind 3), Reactions (Kind 7), Zaps (Kind 9734/9735), and anything else you can think of. #### Creating and adding workflows With n8n and Nostrobots installed, you can now create or add any kind of Nostr Workflow Automation. - Click "Add workflow" to go to the workflow builder screen, - If you would like to build your own workflow, you can start with adding any node. Click "+" and see what is available. Type "Nostr" to explore the Nostrobots nodes you have added, - If you would like to add workflows that someone else has built, click "..." in the top right. Then click "import from URL" and paste in the URL of any workflow you would like to use (including the ones I share later in this article). ### Nostr Workflow Automations It's time to build some things! #### A simple form to post a note to Nostr I started very simply. I needed to delegate the ability to post to Npubs that I own in order that a (future) team can test things for me. I don't want to worry about managing or training those people on how to use keys, and I want to revoke access easily. I needed a basic form with credentials that posted a Note. For this I can use a very simple workflow– - **A n8n Form node** – Creates a form for users to enter the note they wish to post. Allows for the form to be protected by a username and password. This node is the workflow "trigger" so that the workflow runs each time the form is submitted. - **A Set node** – Allows me to set some variables, in this case I set the relays that I intend to use. I typically add a Set node immediately following the trigger node, and put all the variables I need in this. It helps to make the workflows easier to update and maintain. - **A Nostr Write node** (from Nostrobots) – Writes a Kind-1 note to the Nostr network. It accepts Nostr credentials, the output of the Form node, and the relays from the Set node, and posts the Note to those relays. Once the workflow is built, you can test it with the testing form URL, and set it to "Active" to use the production form URL. That's it. You can now give posting access to anyone for any Npub. To revoke access, simply change the credentials or set to workflow to "Inactive". It may also be the world's simplest Nostr client. You can find the [Nostr Form to Post a Note workflow here](https://github.com/r0d8lsh0p/nostr-n8n/blob/main/Nostr_Form_to_Post_a_Note.json). #### Push notifications on mentions and new notes One of the things Nostr is not very good at is push notifications. Furthermore I have some unique itches to scratch. I want– - **To make sure I never miss a note addressed to any of my Npubs** – For this I want a push notification any time any Nostr user mentions any of my Npubs, - **To make sure I always see all notes from key accounts** – For this I need a push notification any time any of my Npubs post any Notes to the network, - **To get these notifications on all of my devices** – Not just my phone where my Nostr regular client lives, but also on each of my laptops to suit wherever I am working that day. I needed to build a Nostr push notifications solution. To build this workflow I had to string a few ideas together– - **Triggering the node on a schedule** – Nostrobots does not include a trigger node. As every workflow starts with a trigger we needed a different method. I elected to run the workflow on a schedule of every 10-minutes. Frequent enough to see Notes while they are hot, but infrequent enough to not burden public relays or get rate-limited, - **Storing a list of Npubs in a Nostr list** – I needed a way to store the list of Npubs that trigger my notifications. I initially used an array defined in the workflow, this worked fine. Then I decided to try Nostr lists ([NIP-51, kind 30000](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/51.md)). By defining my list of Npubs as a list published to Nostr I can control my list from within a Nostr client (e.g. [Listr.lol](https://listr.lol/npub1r0d8u8mnj6769500nypnm28a9hpk9qg8jr0ehe30tygr3wuhcnvs4rfsft) or [Nostrudel.ninja](https://nostrudel.ninja/#/lists)). Not only does this "just work", but because it's based on Nostr lists automagically Amethyst client allows me to browse that list as a Feed, and everyone I add gets notified in their Mentions, - **Using specific relays** – I needed to query the right relays, including my own HAVEN relay inbox for notes addressed to me, and wss://purplepag.es for Nostr profile metadata, - **Querying Nostr events** (with Nostrobots) – I needed to make use of many different Nostr queries and use quite a wide range of what Nostrobots can do– - I read the EventID of my Kind 30000 list, to return the desired pubkeys, - For notifications on mentions, I read all Kind 1 notes that mention that pubkey, - For notifications on new notes, I read all Kind 1 notes published by that pubkey, - Where there are notes, I read the Kind 0 profile metadata event of that pubkey to get the displayName of the relevant Npub, - I transform the EventID into a Nevent to help clients find it. - **Using the Nostr URI** – As I did with my NFC card article, I created a link with the `nostr:` URI prefix so that my phone's native client opens the link by default, - **Push notifications solution** – I needed a push notifications solution. I found many with n8n integrations and chose to go with [Pushover](https://pushover.net/) which supports all my devices, has a free trial, and is unfairly cheap with a $5-per-device perpetual license. Once the workflow was built, lists published, and Pushover installed on my phone, I was fully set up with push notifications on Nostr. I have used these workflows for several weeks now and made various tweaks as I went. They are feeling robust and I'd welcome you to give them a go. You can find the [Nostr Push Notification If Mentioned here](https://github.com/r0d8lsh0p/nostr-n8n/blob/main/Nostr_Push_Notify_If_Mentioned.json) and [If Posts a Note here](https://github.com/r0d8lsh0p/nostr-n8n/blob/main/Nostr_Push_Notify_If_Post_a_Note.json). In speaking with other Nostr users while I was building this, there are all kind of other needs for push notifications too – like on replies to a certain bookmarked note, or when a followed Npub starts streaming on zap.stream. These are all possible. #### Use my workflows I have open sourced all my workflows at my [Github](https://github.com/r0d8lsh0p/nostr-n8n) with MIT license and tried to write complete docs, so that you can import them into your n8n and configure them for your own use. To import any of my workflows– - Click on the workflow of your choice, e.g. "[Nostr_Push_Notify_If_Mentioned.json](https://github.com/r0d8lsh0p/nostr-n8n/blob/main/Nostr_Push_Notify_If_Mentioned.json "Nostr_Push_Notify_If_Mentioned.json")", - Click on the "raw" button to view the raw JSON, ex any Github page layout, - Copy that URL, - Enter that URL in the "import from URL" dialog [mentioned above](#creating-and-adding-workflows). To configure them– - Prerequisites, credentials, and variables are all stated, - In general any variables required are entered into a Set Node that follows the trigger node, - Pushover has some extra setup but is very straightforward and documented in the workflow. ### What next? Over my first four blogs I explored creating a good Nostr setup with [Vanity Npub](https://rodbishop.npub.pro/post/mining-your-vanity-pubkey-4iupbf/), [Lightning Payments](https://rodbishop.npub.pro/post/setting-up-payments-on-nostr-7o6ls7/), [Nostr Addresses at Your Domain](https://rodbishop.npub.pro/post/ee8a46bc/), and [Personal Nostr Relay](https://rodbishop.npub.pro/post/8ca68889/). Then in my latest two blogs I explored different types of interoperability [with NFC cards](https://rodbishop.npub.pro/post/edde8387/) and now n8n Workflow Automation. Thinking ahead n8n can power any kind of interoperability between Nostr and any other legacy technology solution. On my mind as I write this: - Further enhancements to posting and delegating solutions and forms (enhanced UI or different note kinds), - Automated or scheduled posting (such as auto-liking everything [Lyn Alden](nostr:npub1a2cww4kn9wqte4ry70vyfwqyqvpswksna27rtxd8vty6c74era8sdcw83a) posts), - Further enhancements to push notifications, on new and different types of events (such as notifying me when I get a new follower, on replies to certain posts, or when a user starts streaming), - All kinds of bridges, such as bridging notes to and from Telegram, Slack, or Campfire. Or bridging RSS or other event feeds to Nostr, - All kinds of other automation (such as [BlackCoffee](nostr:npub1dqepr0g4t3ahvnjtnxazvws4rkqjpxl854n29wcew8wph0fmw90qlsmmgt) [controlling a coffee machine](https://primal.net/e/note16fzhh5yfc3u4kufx0mck63tsfperdrlpp96am2lmq066cnuqutds8retc3)), - All kinds of AI Assistants and Agents, In fact I have already released an open source workflow for an [AI Assistant](https://primal.net/p/npub1ahjpx53ewavp23g5zj9jgyfrpr8djmgjzg5mpe4xd0z69dqvq0kq2lf353), and will share more about that in my next blog. Please be sure to let me know if you think there's another Nostr topic you'd like to see me tackle. GM Nostr.

@ 79998141:0f8f1901

Happy new year, Anon. Thanks for tuning in to whatever this long form post will be. I hope to make these more regular, like journal entries as we travel through "real life" and the Nostrverse together. If I'm making time for this reflective writing, then things are going as planned. 2024 was a wildly transformative year for me for many reasons... there's no way I can possibly fit all of them here. They're not all related to Bitcoin and Nostr- I've got a beautiful life outside of all that which has its own independent arc. My wife and I celebrated 7 years of marriage together, stronger than ever (don't believe that "itch" bullshit). We let go of some negative relationships and embraced some positive ones. We cut some bad habits, and we made some good habits. We worked, we traveled, we saw family, and we partied. But damn, these two technologies have become a huge part of my life. God willing, this trend will continue until they've both eclipsed my professional capacity through our startup, Conduit BTC. This was the year I was truly orange pilled. Until late 2023, I had traded (quite profitably) Bitcoin, "crypto", stocks, options, prediction markets and whatever else I could get my hands on that felt undervalued. I did this all in my spare time, grinding out a little financial freedom while I hustled at my fiat ventures to support my little family. I wasn't a true believer- just an opportunist with a knack for spotting where and when a crowd might flock to next. That was right up until I ran face first into Lyn Alden's book "Broken Money". Something about Lyn's engineer/macro-finance inspired prose clicked with me, lock and key. Total one way function. By the end of the book my laser eyes had burned a hole in my bedroom ceiling. I was all in- and acted accordingly both with my capital and my attention. It wasn't long before I discovered Nostr and dove in here too, falling deep into my current orange and purple polyamorous love affair. > "If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles." Despite the passion, through studying Bitcoin's criticisms (from the likes of Mike Green and Nassim Taleb) I found a hole in the utopian plot: none of this works without Bitcoin actually being used as money. Worldwide transactions must skyrocket demand for blockspace to keep the network secure/stable for the long term. Besides, if everyday folks aren't using Bitcoin as money then we haven't done shit to make the world a better place. In that world, we've only replaced old masters with new ones. Fuck that. Whatever I did in this space needed to increase the usage of Bitcoin as money. Simple. This was bigger than passion, this was purpose. I knew that come hell or high water I would dedicate myself to this mission. Lucky for me I found a partner and best friend in @aceaspades to go on this adventure with. I'm infinitely grateful for him. He's an incredible man who also happens to be an insanely creative and talented software developer. We'd tried for years to find the right project to focus on together, experimenting with all kinds of new techy ideas as they came across our field. Nothing had ever captured our attention like this. This was different. By March of 2024 we had formed a company and gotten to work iterating on how we could leverage these beautiful protocols and open-source tech to create something that served our mission. This is @ConduitBTC. I've done well in my fiat career executing plans downstream of someone else's creative vision. I've learned the ins and outs of an established ecosystem and found ways to profit from it. I take plans developed by others, compete to win contracts to build them, and execute on them in a cashflow-positive way. I'm bringing this no bullshit blue collar skillset with me to the Nostrverse whether they like it or not. The adventure we're embarking on now is totally different though. We're charting a new course - totally creative, highly intuitive and extremely speculative towards a future that doesn't exist yet. There are few established norms. The potential is vast but unknown. We're diving into a strange quest to sell a map to an imaginary place and to simultaneously architect its creation (alongside all the amazing builders here doing the same thing). This is insanely exciting to me. We're barely getting started but a lot has been invested under the surface which will show itself in 2025. We'll be sharing updates in a proper post on @ConduitBTC soon. As for my personal 2025 resolutions, here they are: - zero alcohol for the entire year (did this in 2019 and had a great year, it's time for a rerun) - more focused presence in the moment: especially with my wife - more self care and prioritized mental/physical health - this includes daily: naps, prayer, self hypnosis or meditation, sweat, and stretching/massaging (overworked in 2024 with a fiat 9-5, a board/advisor role in a fiat business I have equity in, and my newfound passion here. Two serious burn out episodes experienced this year - zero is the only acceptable number of burnouts for long term health and success.) - related to the above: get Conduit some mission-aligned funding partners and leave my fiat 9-5. Grow the Conduit team (have put in a serious amount of my personal capital already to get this going, which will show fruit in the new year... but I am not an island) - more authentic and thoughtful posts on Nostr, with a solid amount of shitposting and organic home grown memes to balance it out... more zaps, more geniune connections and interactions with the curious forward thinking people on here - more IRL Nostr/Bitcoin events - more laughter, more jokes Enough for now. Cheers to you and yours Anon, may 2025 bring you the magic you've been dreaming of.

@ 468f729d:5ab4fd5e

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@ 2063cd79:57bd1320

### Aufgabe von Minern Wer sich nochmal genau mit dem Ablauf von Mining befassen möchte, dem rate ich Ausgabe #27 zu lesen. https://www.genexyz.org/post/27-block-779000-was-machen-miner-wirklich-3c8f05/ Wir erinnern uns, dass es im Bitcoin-Ökosystem drei große Gruppen gibt, die sich nicht jeweils ausschließen. Es gibt die Miner, die Node-Betreiber und die Nutzer. Diese schließen sich nicht gegenseitig aus, da man auch in zwei oder sogar drei dieser Gruppen verhaftet sein kann. Die Miner übernehmen Aufgaben, die die anderen zwei Gruppen nicht leisten können und dafür werden sie durch den Anreizmechanismus belohnt. Denn durch ihre Arbeit gewährleisten sie die Sicherung des Netzwerks (je höher die aufgebrachte Hashrate, desto schwieriger werden Angriffe), sie validieren, sortieren und fügen Transaktionen dem Netzwerk hinzu und darüber hinaus helfen sie dabei bitcoins zu verteilen (zumindest bis alle ca. 21 Millionen bitcoins in ca. 100 Jahren erschlossen wurden). Warum die Analogie zum Mining schwierig ist, haben wir schon öfter besprochen, kurz und verständlich auf den Punkt gebracht hat es diese Woche Gigi in einem kurzen Beitrag. https://dergigi.com/2023/04/12/bitcoins-are-not-mined-they-are-issued-over-time ### Mining Pools Ich habe Mining-Pools detailliert in einem Artikel letzten September beschrieben. Wer sich mit dem Thema nochmal eingehender beschäftigen möchte, kann das hier tun: https://www.genexyz.org/post/12-block-753150-bitcoin-mining-pools-vs-dezentralisierung-vytfxv/ Doch TL;DR für all diejenigen, die keine Zeit oder Lust haben, hier in Kürze: Die immer weiter steigende Hashrate im Netzwerk, ausgelöst durch immer größer werdende Mining-Operationen und immer leistungsfähigere ASIC Chips, führt dazu, dass es kleine und auch mittelgroße Miner immer schwerer haben erfolgreich Bitcoins zu minen, und damit Profite zu erzielen. Mining-Pools bieten da Abhilfe, indem sie Minern die Möglichkeit bieten, ihre Hashrate zu bündeln und somit eine größere Wahrscheinlichkeit erzeugen, im Wettkampf um die Winner-take-all-Prämie, einen Teil der Belohnung in Form von Block-Subsidy und Gebühren einzustreichen (➡️ Block Reward). Je mehr Miner sich in einem Pool zusammenschließen, um somit die Hashrate zu bündeln, desto wahrscheinlicher wird, dass dieser Zusammenschluss von Minern den nächsten Block findet. Damit sinkt natürlich die einzelne Auszahlung pro Block, jedoch steigt die proportionelle Anzahl der Blocks, die dieser Pool erfolgreich produzieren kann. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/4710bbc07d6855d5113a4fff83ced34b32c66c95a3eb3d57c1dd2f17a13f95f9.gif"> Diese Rechnung lohnt sich neben Mining-Farmen auch für die meisten kleinen und mittelgroßen Miner, da so ein stetiger Fluss von Einkommen wahrscheinlicher wird, als ab-und-zu (oder nie) den Jackpot zu knacken. Das Problem bei Mining-Pools besteht in der Bündelung der Hashrate unter einer übersichtlichen Anzahl von Betreibern, denn erstens macht es jede Konzentration einer bestimmten Sache für Angreifer einfacher, diese eine große Einheit ausfindig zu machen und gezielt zu attackieren. Und zweitens verschiebt sich die dezentrale Wahrheitsfindung zugunsten einer zentralisierten Entscheidungsfindung. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/38706ef056b6fdbe3512285d8e2bbd30e0e1b6a7aa719ae9370c513ec58f00f1.gif"> Denn bisher sind es die Mining-Pools, die über die Architektur der Blöcke bestimmen, also darüber, welche Transaktionen in den nächsten Blockkandidaten gepackt werden. Dies ermöglicht Mining-Pool-Betreibern sowohl Transaktionen zu zensieren (black listing), als auch Transaktionen auszuwählen, die nicht unbedingt im besten Interesse der Miner (z.B. Transaktionen mit geringen Gebühren, obwohl es welche mit hohen Gebühren gegeben hätte), oder gar des ganzen Netzwerks sind (z.B. leere Blöcke, um das Netzwerk zu verlangsamen) (white listing). Diese vermeintliche Macht der Pool-Betreiber muss nicht unbedingt von ihnen selbst ausgenutzt werden, bietet aber auch Regierungen und anderen Apparaten einen leichten Angriffsvektor, wenn diese versuchen wollen, das Netzwerk, bzw. einzelne Transaktionen gezielt zu zensieren, indem sie Mining-Pools unter Zwang setzen. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/8bc2577da8654edf9e3181f6a63d7095ad20c48dded03f44f144a8a033a1b71d.png"> Wie in dieser Grafik leicht ersichtlich, gibt es heute einige wenige Pools, die einen deutlichen Anteil der globalen Hashrate bündeln. 80% (!!!) der Hashrate wird von den größten vier Pools bestimmt, und immerhin 55% (also mehr als die Hälfte - immer noch nicht cool) von den beiden größten. Dies macht Pools natürlich zu einem leicht bestimmbaren Angriffspunkt mit einer riesigen Zielscheibe auf dem Rücken. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/a410e95c1eb6db08243d798f0b3bab1d531dde1a7132b42ec92242305322254c.gif"> Besteht überhaupt eine solche theoretische Möglichkeit, dass z.B. Foundry USA im Rahmen einer hypothetischen Verpflichtung durch Dritte (Regierung, Finanzaufsicht, Geheimdienst, etc.) mit der Zensur bestimmter Transaktionen beginnen könnte? Die Antwort ist: theoretisch erstmal ja. Auf technischer Ebene könnte es passieren. Doch Miner würden sehr schnell erkennen, dass etwas im Busch ist und ihre Hashrate auf andere Pools verlagern (dies muss nicht mal aus altruistischen Gründen geschehen, sondern einfach weil theoretische wirtschaftliche Anreize verloren gehen). ### Transaktionsauswahl Wie schon erwähnt, sind Mining-Pool-Betreiber heute dafür verantwortlich Transaktionen für den nächsten Block vorzuschlagen. Das bedeutet der Betreiber hat die volle Kontrolle darüber, wie der nächste Block im Mining-Prozess aussieht und die Miner und Mining-Farmen werden sozusagen zu Lieferanten von Hashrate, um diesen Vorschlag umzusetzen. Pools stellen den einzigen Koordinierungspunkt zwischen den teilnehmenden Hardware-Betreibern dar. Es bleibt dem Miner natürlich selbst überlassen, welchem Pool er sich anschließt (und ob sich überhaupt einem Pool angeschlossen wird) und auch der Wechsel von einem Pool zum nächsten ist relativ simpel und schnell vollzogen. Es bleibt jedoch dabei - Betreiber sind verantwortlich für die Auswahl von Transaktionen, die in die Kandidaten-Blöcke eingefügt (oder unterlassen, sprich zensiert) werden sollen. Es besteht also eine zusätzliche Bürde für jeden Miner zusätzlich zu kontrollieren, dass keine Transaktionen ausgeschlossen werden, oder Transaktionen sauber ausgewählt werden. > “Bitcoin is dead.” “Mining is over.” “They will regulate Bitcoin.” “Censorship will come.” - Peter Todd https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/05/07/marathon-miners-have-started-censoring-bitcoin-transactions-heres-what-that-means Ob nun ein Pool-Betreiber oder Miner durch Zwang dazu geführt wird, individuelle Transaktionen hinzuzufügen, oder auszulassen, oder ob es aus eigenem Antrieb heraus geschieht (wie im obigen Artikel von MARA beschrieben: der von Marathon kontrollierte MARA Pool hatte entschieden, nur Blöcke mit OFAC-konformen Transaktionen zu produzieren und damit Transaktionen von und zu Adressen zu zensieren, die vom US-Finanzministerium auf die schwarze Liste gesetzt wurden, was einen großen Aufstand hervorrief und kein anderer Miner schloss sich dem Beispiel an. MARA veröffentlichten nach nur einem Monat in einer Pressemitteilung, dass keine Transaktionen mehr gefiltert würden.) ist dabei zunächst egal. Doch eine Umkehrung der Verantwortlichkeit würde die Verantwortung zu den einzelnen tausenden Hardware-Betreibern (Minern) verschieben, die zentrale Entscheidungsgewalt der Pool-Betreiber auflösen und einen großen Angriffspunkt im Netzwerk eliminieren. Wie alle anderen Computer-Netzwerk, besteht auch Bitcoin aus Protokollen, mit denen die Kommunikation zwischen Teilnehmern und Regeln festgelegt werden und die geschilderten Bedrohungen werden durch das aktuelle Protokoll ermöglicht, das von Minern und Mining-Pools verwendet wird, um miteinander zu kommunizieren: Stratum V1. ### Stratum v2 Wie bei allen Sachen im Bitcoin-Ökosystem, gibt es keine zentrale Organisation, die Verbesserungen im Protokoll oder, wie in diesem Fall, in untergeordneten Protokollen vorschlagen und umsetzen kann. Es bedarf immer einer Gruppe von Entwicklern, die ein Problem im derzeitigen System erkennen und einen passenden Lösungsvorschlag unterbreiten. So auch bei Stratum. Das originale Stratum-Protokoll (v1) wurde 2012 eingeführt und wird seitdem weitgehend unverändert eingesetzt. Bei der Stratum v2 Reference Implementation (SRI) handelt es sich um eine kostenlose, unabhängige, Open-Source-Variante von Stratum v2. Aber Justus, heißt das etwa, es gibt noch andere Stratum v2 Varianten? Bingo, Zweiter, es können beliebig viele Varianten erstellt werden. Alleine die Mining Pools entscheiden darüber, welches Protokoll, also welche Software, für sie und ihr Geschäftsmodell am besten funktioniert. Und die kürzlich vorgestellte Variante, die SRI, ist das bis dato umfangreichste und am weitesten unterstützte Update des Protokolls. Denn sowohl Braiins, ein Anbieter von Mining-Pools und Mining-Software (inkl. einer eigenen Variante von Stratum v2), als auch Foundry USA, der derzeit größte aller Mining-Pools, sind aktive Unterstützer des Projekts. SRI ist also das wichtigste Protokoll-Update seit 2012. Aber was genau macht v2 so wichtig und wo liegen die Schwächen von v1? In der aktuellen Version 1 ist Datenübertragung zwischen Minern, aber auch zwischen Minern und Pool-Betreibern nicht verschlüsselt. In v2 wird Kommunikation verschlüsselt und gewährleistet so Integrität und Vertraulichkeit der übermittelten Informationen. Dies soll vor allem vor sogenannten Man-in-the-Middle-Angriffen schützen, bei denen Dritte die Übertragung von Hashrate zwischen Minern und Pools abfangen (sogenanntes Hashrate-Hijacking), und diese als die eigenen weiterzuleiten und somit Auszahlungen zu stehlen. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/4b8c8cd2516f13dddd85a20914e4572d6f45779b4976a9bf8e8c01f0ae73e210.gif"> Das v2 Protokoll ist vollständig binär. Das heißt, Datenübertragungen werden nicht in Menschen-lesbarem Textformat (ASCII Code), sondern in Computer-lesbarem Binärformat vorgenommen, was unnötige Datenmengen eliminiert. Dies und einige andere Leistungsverbesserungen machen den gesamten Prozess bis zu 20% performanter. Stratum v2 dezentralisiert das Bitcoin-Mining erheblich, denn Miner bekommen die Möglichkeit, die Transaktionen fortan selbst auszuwählen, wodurch das Netzwerk zensurresistenter wird. Dies wird mit Hilfe von weiteren untergeordneten Protokollen erreicht, die es Minern ermöglichen, Transaktionen über ihre Nodes auszuwählen. Dies ist ein wichtiger Meilenstein bei der Demokratisierung der Transaktionsauswahl im gepoolten Mining und eliminiert die oben beschriebenen Risiken. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/c0770fc98a4e4773cdf4c9800adc33d4230fd09937ec38e3a4a2739a49355e29.gif"> Konkret haben die Entwickler ein neues dezentralisiertes untergeordnetes Protokoll geschaffen, das sich Job Negotiator (JN) nennt. Achtung, jetzt wird es etwas technisch: Miner betreiben ihre eigenen Knoten, die eine neue Vorlage direkt vom Vorlagenanbieter erhalten. Die neue Vorlage enthält den Merkle-Pfad der Transaktionen, die vom Anbieter ausgewählt wurden. Für den neuen Block muss ein neuer Job erstellt werden, also sendet der JN des Miners eine Nachricht mit einem vorgeschlagenen Satz von Transaktionen an den Pool-Betreiber. Der Betreiber akzeptiert dann die Vorlage oder lehnt sie ab. Wenn der Vorschlag der Miner akzeptiert wird, werden sie benachrichtigt, dass sie mit dem Mining beginnen und ihre anteilige Hashrate an den Pool senden können. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/eef7101ea3afc933f89cc3de53f0009974a653c570bad69af29b69161d2e9d98.gif"> Kurz gesagt: Miner schlagen vor, welche Transaktionen in einen Block kommen und nicht andersrum. Alle sind glücklich, alle sind froh und darüber hinaus geschieht dies natürlich blitzschnell, sodass für die Miner und den Pool kein Nachteil gegenüber anderen Mitbewerbern entsteht, denn beim Mining zählt jede Millisekunde, wenn es darum geht erfolgreich den nächsten Block produzieren zu dürfen, oder nicht. Was sind die Anreize für die Pool-Betreiber, dieses neue Protokoll zu verwenden, wenn sie damit ihr Gewaltmonopol aufgeben? Relativ einfach: Pool-Betreiber mögen diese Verantwortung eigentlich gar nicht. Sie haben sie irgendwie geerbt und sind mit dieser großen Verpflichtung gegenüber dem Netzwerk und sich selbst irgendwie im Unreinen. Ein bisschen so wie bei Morty, Aaliyah, Djibrail, Laila, Issa, Leonora, Naima und Amaya. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/3440f6667f8affc1bae67888b55c302361ff2aa31fb9f0c23595de96a34f1141.gif"> Pool-Betreiber mögen es also nicht so in der Öffentlichkeit zu stehen und permanent angegriffen zu werden, des Weiteren birgt die Transaktionsauswahl auch ein gewisses Haftungsrisiko, das sie gerne von sich weisen würden. Die beiden anderen grundlegenden Merkmale des Stratum v2 Protokolls sind, wie oben beschrieben, natürlich auch Sicherheits- und Leistungsverbesserung. Alleine für diese Attribute würde es sich schon lohnen, auf das neue Protokoll umzusteigen. Die neue Variante des Protokolls (SRI) wurde erst kürzlich öffentlich und als Open-Source Code zugänglich gemacht. Es bleibt also nur eine Frage der Zeit, bis sich nach Braiins und Foundry auch die anderen Mining-Pools (sehr wahrscheinlich) nach einer gründlichen Test-Phase dem Update öffnen. https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/carole-house-censoring-bitcoin Besonders in Zeiten, in denen Gegner von Bitcoin in halb-öffentlichen Reden über Pläne sprechen, wie man das Bitcoin-Netzwerk kontrollieren, bzw. für seine Zwecke benutzen kann, ist es wichtig die oben besprochenen Angriffs-Vektoren zu minimieren. Carole House, ehemalige Direktorin für Cybersicherheit des Nationalen Sicherheitsrates des Weißen Hauses, sprach bei einem Event an der Universität von Princeton und sagte "sie würde lieber mehr Hashrate in den USA sehen, damit sie Miner zwingen können, das Netzwerk zu zensieren" und dass es "nicht nur darum ginge, Minern zu sagen, dass sie bestimmte Transaktionen nicht in Blöcke einbauen, sondern auch nicht auf Blöcken mit nicht konformen Transaktionen aufzubauen, damit diese Transaktionen nirgendwo in der Kette ankommen". Die zeugt davon, dass Menschen wie Carole House ein substantielles Verständnis von der Bitcoin-Technologie besitzen und dieses Fachwissen dafür verwenden werden, Wege und Mittel aufzutun, wie man Bitcoin zumindest attackieren kann. 🫳🎤 --- In diesem Sinne, 2... 1... Risiko!‌ 

@ a10260a2:caa23e3e

I’d like to start off by saying that phoenixd has been a great experience so far. The install (on a Linux machine) was as easy as depicted on their [website](https://phoenix.acinq.co/server/get-started).  And the channel I opened via [auto liquidity](https://phoenix.acinq.co/server/auto-liquidity) was super simple. I didn’t have to pick an LSP and I won’t need to manage liquidity. Unfortunately, the machine I installed the software on started to freeze seconds after every boot. After posting about it [here](https://stacker.news/items/825060/r/thebullishbitcoiner) and getting an answer from nostr:npub1lxktpvp5cnq3wl5ctu2x88e30mc0ahh8v47qvzc5dmneqqjrzlkqpm5xlc, I was surprised at how easy the migration seemed. It really was just a matter of restoring the seed words on another phoenixd instance. Of course, making sure that the two instances don’t run at the same time. As easy as it was, I wanted to create this post to give a quick overview for those who might be less tech savvy. ### Step 1 Grab seed words from the `seed.dat` file in hidden`.phoenix` folder on the old machine.  ### Step 2 Install phoenixd on the new machine ``` $ wget https://github.com/ACINQ/phoenixd/releases/download/v0.4.2/phoenix-0.4.2-linux-x64.zip $ unzip -j phoenix-0.4.2-linux-x64.zip $ # run the daemon: that's it! $ ./phoenixd ``` ### Step 3 (This is the step that wasn’t super clear and why I wanted to spell it out in this post) In order to install the software, `./phoenixd` has to be run. This is going to generate a new seed phrase.  Now, all you need to do is replace the seed words in `seed.dat` with the ones from the original install. In retrospect, I think you can replace the seed words right after unzipping the zip file and before running `./phoenixd`. That will probably achieve the same result. ### Step 4 Once the seed words have been restored. Just run `./phoenixd` again and it’ll start up like nothing happened. Literally. There was no indication whatsoever that something had changed, so I ran `./phoenix-cli getinfo` and, voila, there was my 2M-sat channel. It was quite magical. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/829411 ### Update (1/1/2025) Phoenix Support got back to me and confirmed that the migration can be even simpler. You can actually just copy the ~/.phoenix directory onto the new machine and run `./phoenix`! 

@ b4403b24:83542d4e

As we bid farewell to 2024, let’s celebrate the memories, lessons, and triumphs it brought us. May 2025 shine even brighter, bringing you joy, success, and endless opportunities. Here’s to new beginnings, cherished moments, and a year filled with happiness. Cheers to 2025! 🥂 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/831699

@ 468f729d:5ab4fd5e

<div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V_fvmyJ91m0?enablejsapi=1" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>

@ f9cf4e94:96abc355

Scuttlebutt foi iniciado em maio de 2014 por Dominic Tarr ( [dominictarr]( https://github.com/dominictarr/scuttlebutt) ) como uma rede social alternativa off-line, primeiro para convidados, que permite aos usuários obter controle total de seus dados e privacidade. Secure Scuttlebutt ([ssb]( https://github.com/ssbc/ssb-db)) foi lançado pouco depois, o que coloca a privacidade em primeiro plano com mais recursos de criptografia. Se você está se perguntando de onde diabos veio o nome Scuttlebutt: > Este termo do século 19 para uma fofoca vem do Scuttlebutt náutico: “um barril de água mantido no convés, com um buraco para uma xícara”. A gíria náutica vai desde o hábito dos marinheiros de se reunir pelo boato até a fofoca, semelhante à fofoca do bebedouro.  Marinheiros se reunindo em torno da rixa. ( [fonte]( https://twitter.com/IntEtymology/status/998879578851508224) ) Dominic descobriu o termo boato em um [artigo de pesquisa]( https://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/rvr/papers/flowgossip.pdf) que leu. Em sistemas distribuídos, [fofocar]( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossip_protocol) é um processo de retransmissão de mensagens ponto a ponto; as mensagens são disseminadas de forma análoga ao “boca a boca”. **Secure Scuttlebutt é um banco de dados de feeds imutáveis apenas para acréscimos, otimizado para replicação eficiente para protocolos ponto a ponto.** **Cada usuário tem um log imutável somente para acréscimos no qual eles podem gravar.** Eles gravam no log assinando mensagens com sua chave privada. Pense em um feed de usuário como seu próprio diário de bordo, como um diário [de bordo]( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logbook) (ou diário do capitão para os fãs de Star Trek), onde eles são os únicos autorizados a escrever nele, mas têm a capacidade de permitir que outros amigos ou colegas leiam ao seu diário de bordo, se assim o desejarem. Cada mensagem possui um número de sequência e a mensagem também deve fazer referência à mensagem anterior por seu ID. O ID é um hash da mensagem e da assinatura. A estrutura de dados é semelhante à de uma lista vinculada. É essencialmente um log somente de acréscimo de JSON assinado. **Cada item adicionado a um log do usuário é chamado de mensagem.** **Os logs do usuário são conhecidos como feed e um usuário pode seguir os feeds de outros usuários para receber suas atualizações.** Cada usuário é responsável por armazenar seu próprio feed. Quando Alice assina o feed de Bob, Bob baixa o log de feed de Alice. Bob pode verificar se o registro do feed realmente pertence a Alice verificando as assinaturas. Bob pode verificar as assinaturas usando a chave pública de Alice.  Estrutura de alto nível de um feed **Pubs são servidores de retransmissão conhecidos como “super peers”. Pubs conectam usuários usuários e atualizações de fofocas a outros usuários conectados ao Pub. Um Pub é análogo a um pub da vida real, onde as pessoas vão para se encontrar e se socializar.** Para ingressar em um Pub, o usuário deve ser convidado primeiro. Um usuário pode solicitar um código de convite de um Pub; o Pub simplesmente gerará um novo código de convite, mas alguns Pubs podem exigir verificação adicional na forma de verificação de e-mail ou, com alguns Pubs, você deve pedir um código em um fórum público ou chat. Pubs também podem mapear aliases de usuário, como e-mails ou nome de usuário, para IDs de chave pública para facilitar os pares de referência. Depois que o Pub enviar o código de convite ao usuário, o usuário resgatará o código, o que significa que o Pub seguirá o usuário, o que permite que o usuário veja as mensagens postadas por outros membros do Pub, bem como as mensagens de retransmissão do Pub pelo usuário a outros membros do Pub. Além de retransmitir mensagens entre pares, os Pubs também podem armazenar as mensagens. Se Alice estiver offline e Bob transmitir atualizações de feed, Alice perderá a atualização. Se Alice ficar online, mas Bob estiver offline, não haverá como ela buscar o feed de Bob. Mas com um Pub, Alice pode buscar o feed no Pub mesmo se Bob estiver off-line porque o Pub está armazenando as mensagens. **Pubs são úteis porque assim que um colega fica online, ele pode sincronizar com o Pub para receber os feeds de seus amigos potencialmente offline.** Um usuário pode, opcionalmente, executar seu próprio servidor Pub e abri-lo ao público ou permitir que apenas seus amigos participem, se assim o desejarem. Eles também podem ingressar em um Pub público. Aqui está uma lista de [Pubs públicos em que]( https://github.com/ssbc/ssb-server/wiki/Pub-Servers) todos podem participar **.** Explicaremos como ingressar em um posteriormente neste guia. **Uma coisa importante a observar é que o Secure Scuttlebutt em uma rede social somente para convidados significa que você deve ser “puxado” para entrar nos círculos sociais.** Se você responder às mensagens, os destinatários não serão notificados, a menos que estejam seguindo você de volta. O objetivo do SSB é criar “ilhas” isoladas de redes pares, ao contrário de uma rede pública onde qualquer pessoa pode enviar mensagens a qualquer pessoa.  Perspectivas dos participantes ## Scuttlebot O software Pub é conhecido como servidor Scuttlebutt (servidor [ssb]( https://github.com/ssbc/ssb-server) ), mas também é conhecido como “Scuttlebot” e `sbot`na linha de comando. O servidor SSB adiciona comportamento de rede ao banco de dados Scuttlebutt (SSB). Estaremos usando o Scuttlebot ao longo deste tutorial. **Os logs do usuário são conhecidos como feed e um usuário pode seguir os feeds de outros usuários para receber suas atualizações.** Cada usuário é responsável por armazenar seu próprio feed. Quando Alice assina o feed de Bob, Bob baixa o log de feed de Alice. Bob pode verificar se o registro do feed realmente pertence a Alice verificando as assinaturas. Bob pode verificar as assinaturas usando a chave pública de Alice.  Estrutura de alto nível de um feed **Pubs são servidores de retransmissão conhecidos como “super peers”. Pubs conectam usuários usuários e atualizações de fofocas a outros usuários conectados ao Pub. Um Pub é análogo a um pub da vida real, onde as pessoas vão para se encontrar e se socializar.** Para ingressar em um Pub, o usuário deve ser convidado primeiro. Um usuário pode solicitar um código de convite de um Pub; o Pub simplesmente gerará um novo código de convite, mas alguns Pubs podem exigir verificação adicional na forma de verificação de e-mail ou, com alguns Pubs, você deve pedir um código em um fórum público ou chat. Pubs também podem mapear aliases de usuário, como e-mails ou nome de usuário, para IDs de chave pública para facilitar os pares de referência. Depois que o Pub enviar o código de convite ao usuário, o usuário resgatará o código, o que significa que o Pub seguirá o usuário, o que permite que o usuário veja as mensagens postadas por outros membros do Pub, bem como as mensagens de retransmissão do Pub pelo usuário a outros membros do Pub. Além de retransmitir mensagens entre pares, os Pubs também podem armazenar as mensagens. Se Alice estiver offline e Bob transmitir atualizações de feed, Alice perderá a atualização. Se Alice ficar online, mas Bob estiver offline, não haverá como ela buscar o feed de Bob. Mas com um Pub, Alice pode buscar o feed no Pub mesmo se Bob estiver off-line porque o Pub está armazenando as mensagens. **Pubs são úteis porque assim que um colega fica online, ele pode sincronizar com o Pub para receber os feeds de seus amigos potencialmente offline.** Um usuário pode, opcionalmente, executar seu próprio servidor Pub e abri-lo ao público ou permitir que apenas seus amigos participem, se assim o desejarem. Eles também podem ingressar em um Pub público. Aqui está uma lista de [Pubs públicos em que]( https://github.com/ssbc/ssb-server/wiki/Pub-Servers) todos podem participar **.** Explicaremos como ingressar em um posteriormente neste guia. **Uma coisa importante a observar é que o Secure Scuttlebutt em uma rede social somente para convidados significa que você deve ser “puxado” para entrar nos círculos sociais.** Se você responder às mensagens, os destinatários não serão notificados, a menos que estejam seguindo você de volta. O objetivo do SSB é criar “ilhas” isoladas de redes pares, ao contrário de uma rede pública onde qualquer pessoa pode enviar mensagens a qualquer pessoa.   Perspectivas dos participantes ## Pubs - Hubs ### Pubs públicos | Pub Name | Operator | Invite Code | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | `scuttle.us` | [@Ryan]( https://keybase.io/ryan_singer) | `scuttle.us:8008:@WqcuCOIpLtXFRw/9vOAQJti8avTZ9vxT9rKrPo8qG6o=.ed25519~/ZUi9Chpl0g1kuWSrmehq2EwMQeV0Pd+8xw8XhWuhLE=` | | [pub1.upsocial.com]( https://upsocial.com/) | [@freedomrules]( https://github.com/freedomrules) | `pub1.upsocial.com:8008:@gjlNF5Cyw3OKZxEoEpsVhT5Xv3HZutVfKBppmu42MkI=.ed25519~lMd6f4nnmBZEZSavAl4uahl+feajLUGqu8s2qdoTLi8=` | | [Monero Pub]( https://xmr-pub.net/) | [@Denis]( https://github.com/Orville2112) | `xmr-pub.net:8008:@5hTpvduvbDyMLN2IdzDKa7nx7PSem9co3RsOmZoyyCM=.ed25519~vQU+r2HUd6JxPENSinUWdfqrJLlOqXiCbzHoML9iVN4=` | | [FreeSocial]( https://freesocial.co/) | [@Jarland]( https://github.com/mxroute) | `pub.freesocial.co:8008:@ofYKOy2p9wsaxV73GqgOyh6C6nRGFM5FyciQyxwBd6A=.ed25519~ye9Z808S3KPQsV0MWr1HL0/Sh8boSEwW+ZK+8x85u9w=` | | `ssb.vpn.net.br` | [@coffeverton]( https://about.me/coffeverton) | `ssb.vpn.net.br:8008:@ze8nZPcf4sbdULvknEFOCbVZtdp7VRsB95nhNw6/2YQ=.ed25519~D0blTolH3YoTwSAkY5xhNw8jAOjgoNXL/+8ZClzr0io=` | | [gossip.noisebridge.info]( https://www.noisebridge.net/wiki/Pub) | [Noisebridge Hackerspace]( https://www.noisebridge.net/wiki/Unicorn) [@james.network]( https://james.network/) | `gossip.noisebridge.info:8008:@2NANnQVdsoqk0XPiJG2oMZqaEpTeoGrxOHJkLIqs7eY=.ed25519~JWTC6+rPYPW5b5zCion0gqjcJs35h6JKpUrQoAKWgJ4=` | ### Pubs privados Você precisará entrar em contato com os proprietários desses bares para receber um convite. | Pub Name | Operator | Contact | | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- | | `many.butt.nz` | [@dinosaur]( https://dinosaur.is/) | [mikey@enspiral.com](mailto:mikey@enspiral.com) | | `one.butt.nz` | [@dinosaur]( https://dinosaur.is/) | [mikey@enspiral.com](mailto:mikey@enspiral.com) | | `ssb.mikey.nz` | [@dinosaur]( https://dinosaur.is/) | [mikey@enspiral.com](mailto:mikey@enspiral.com) | | [ssb.celehner.com]( https://ssb.celehner.com/) | [@cel]( https://github.com/ssbc/ssb-server/wiki/@f/6sQ6d2CMxRUhLpspgGIulDxDCwYD7DzFzPNr7u5AU=.ed25519) | [cel@celehner.com](mailto:cel@celehner.com) | ### Pubs muito grandes  *Aviso: embora tecnicamente funcione usar um convite para esses pubs, você provavelmente se divertirá se o fizer devido ao seu tamanho (muitas coisas para baixar, risco para bots / spammers / idiotas)*  | Pub Name | Operator | Invite Code | | --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | `scuttlebutt.de` | [SolSoCoG]( https://solsocog.de/impressum) | `scuttlebutt.de:8008:@yeh/GKxlfhlYXSdgU7CRLxm58GC42za3tDuC4NJld/k=.ed25519~iyaCpZ0co863K9aF+b7j8BnnHfwY65dGeX6Dh2nXs3c=` | | `Lohn's Pub` | [@lohn]( https://github.com/lohn) | `p.lohn.in:8018:@LohnKVll9HdLI3AndEc4zwGtfdF/J7xC7PW9B/JpI4U=.ed25519~z3m4ttJdI4InHkCtchxTu26kKqOfKk4woBb1TtPeA/s=` | | [Scuttle Space]( https://scuttle.space/) | [@guil-dot]( https://github.com/guil-dot) | Visit [scuttle.space]( https://scuttle.space/) | | `SSB PeerNet US-East` | [timjrobinson]( https://github.com/timjrobinson) | `us-east.ssbpeer.net:8008:@sTO03jpVivj65BEAJMhlwtHXsWdLd9fLwyKAT1qAkc0=.ed25519~sXFc5taUA7dpGTJITZVDCRy2A9jmkVttsr107+ufInU=` | | Hermies | s | net:hermies.club:8008~shs:uMYDVPuEKftL4SzpRGVyQxLdyPkOiX7njit7+qT/7IQ=:SSB+Room+PSK3TLYC2T86EHQCUHBUHASCASE18JBV24= | ## GUI - Interface Gráfica do Utilizador(Usuário) ### Patchwork - Uma GUI SSB (Descontinuado) [**Patchwork**]( https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork) **é o aplicativo de mensagens e compartilhamento descentralizado construído em cima do SSB** . O protocolo scuttlebutt em si não mantém um conjunto de feeds nos quais um usuário está interessado, então um cliente é necessário para manter uma lista de feeds de pares em que seu respectivo usuário está interessado e seguindo.  Fonte: [scuttlebutt.nz]( https://www.scuttlebutt.nz/getting-started) **Quando você instala e executa o Patchwork, você só pode ver e se comunicar com seus pares em sua rede local. Para acessar fora de sua LAN, você precisa se conectar a um Pub.** Um pub é apenas para convidados e eles retransmitem mensagens entre você e seus pares fora de sua LAN e entre outros Pubs. Lembre-se de que você precisa seguir alguém para receber mensagens dessa pessoa. Isso reduz o envio de mensagens de spam para os usuários. Os usuários só veem as respostas das pessoas que seguem. Os dados são sincronizados no disco para funcionar offline, mas podem ser sincronizados diretamente com os pares na sua LAN por wi-fi ou bluetooth. ### Patchbay - Uma GUI Alternativa Patchbay é um cliente de fofoca projetado para ser fácil de modificar e estender. Ele usa o mesmo banco de dados que [Patchwork]( https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork) e [Patchfoo]( https://github.com/ssbc/patchfoo) , então você pode facilmente dar uma volta com sua identidade existente.  ### Planetary - GUI para IOS  [Planetary]( https://apps.apple.com/us/app/planetary-app/id1481617318) é um app com pubs pré-carregados para facilitar integração. ### Manyverse - GUI para Android  [Manyverse]( https://www.manyver.se/) é um aplicativo de rede social com recursos que você esperaria: posts, curtidas, perfis, mensagens privadas, etc. Mas não está sendo executado na nuvem de propriedade de uma empresa, em vez disso, as postagens de seus amigos e todos os seus dados sociais vivem inteiramente em seu telefone . ## Fontes * https://scuttlebot.io/ * https://decentralized-id.com/decentralized-web/scuttlebot/#plugins * https://medium.com/@miguelmota/getting-started-with-secure-scuttlebut-e6b7d4c5ecfd * [**Secure Scuttlebutt**]( http://ssbc.github.io/secure-scuttlebutt/) **:** um protocolo de banco de dados global.

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Here are my predictions for Nostr in 2025: **Decentralization:** The outbox and inbox communication models, sometimes referred to as the Gossip model, will become the standard across the ecosystem. By the end of 2025, all major clients will support these models, providing seamless communication and enhanced decentralization. Clients that do not adopt outbox/inbox by then will be regarded as outdated or legacy systems. **Privacy Standards:** Major clients such as Damus and Primal will move away from NIP-04 DMs, adopting more secure protocol possibilities like NIP-17 or NIP-104. These upgrades will ensure enhanced encryption and metadata protection. Additionally, NIP-104 MLS tools will drive the development of new clients and features, providing users with unprecedented control over the privacy of their communications. **Interoperability:** Nostr's ecosystem will become even more interconnected. Platforms like the Olas image-sharing service will expand into prominent clients such as Primal, Damus, Coracle, and Snort, alongside existing integrations with Amethyst, Nostur, and Nostrudel. Similarly, audio and video tools like Nostr Nests and Zap.stream will gain seamless integration into major clients, enabling easy participation in live events across the ecosystem. **Adoption and Migration:** Inspired by early pioneers like Fountain and Orange Pill App, more platforms will adopt Nostr for authentication, login, and social systems. In 2025, a significant migration from a high-profile application platform with hundreds of thousands of users will transpire, doubling Nostr’s daily activity and establishing it as a cornerstone of decentralized technologies.

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Último dia do ano, momento para tirar o pó da bola de cristal, para fazer reflexões, previsões e desejos para o próximo ano e seguintes. Ano após ano, o Bitcoin evoluiu, foi ultrapassando etapas, tornou-se cada vez mais _mainstream_. Está cada vez mais difícil fazer previsões sobre o Bitcoin, já faltam poucas barreiras a serem ultrapassadas e as que faltam são altamente complexas ou tem um impacto profundo no sistema financeiro ou na sociedade. Estas alterações profundas tem que ser realizadas lentamente, porque uma alteração rápida poderia resultar em consequências terríveis, poderia provocar um retrocesso. # Código do Bitcoin No final de 2025, possivelmente vamos ter um _fork_, as discussões sobre os _covenants_ já estão avançadas, vão acelerar ainda mais. Já existe um consenso relativamente alto, a favor dos _covenants_, só falta decidir que modelo será escolhido. Penso que até ao final do ano será tudo decidido. Depois dos _covenants,_ o próximo foco será para a criptografia post-quantum, que será o maior desafio que o Bitcoin enfrenta. Criar uma criptografia segura e que não coloque a descentralização em causa. Espero muito de Ark, possivelmente a inovação do ano, gostaria de ver o Nostr a furar a bolha bitcoinheira e que o Cashu tivesse mais reconhecimento pelos _bitcoiners_. Espero que surjam avanços significativos no BitVM2 e BitVMX. Não sei o que esperar das layer 2 de Bitcoin, foram a maior desilusão de 2024. Surgiram com muita força, mas pouca coisa saiu do papel, foi uma mão cheia de nada. Uma parte dos projetos caiu na tentação da _shitcoinagem_, na criação de tokens, que tem um único objetivo, enriquecer os devs e os VCs. Se querem ser levados a sério, têm que ser sérios. > “À mulher de César não basta ser honesta, deve parecer honesta” Se querem ter o apoio dos _bitcoiners_, sigam o _ethos_ do Bitcoin. Neste ponto a atitude do pessoal da Ark é exemplar, em vez de andar a chorar no Twitter para mudar o código do Bitcoin, eles colocaram as mãos na massa e criaram o protocolo. É claro que agora está meio “coxo”, funciona com uma _multisig_ ou com os _covenants_ na Liquid. Mas eles estão a criar um produto, vão demonstrar ao mercado que o produto é bom e útil. Com a adoção, a comunidade vai perceber que o Ark necessita dos _covenants_ para melhorar a interoperabilidade e a soberania. É este o pensamento certo, que deveria ser seguido pelos restantes e futuros projetos. É seguir aquele pensamento do J.F. Kennedy: > “Não perguntem o que é que o vosso país pode fazer por vocês, perguntem o que é que vocês podem fazer pelo vosso país” Ou seja, não fiquem à espera que o bitcoin mude, criem primeiro as inovações/tecnologia, ganhem adoção e depois demonstrem que a alteração do código camada base pode melhorar ainda mais o vosso projeto. A necessidade é que vai levar a atualização do código. # Reservas Estratégicas de Bitcoin ## Bancos centrais Com a eleição de Trump, emergiu a ideia de uma Reserva Estratégia de Bitcoin, tornou este conceito _mainstream_. Foi um _pivot_, a partir desse momento, foram enumerados os políticos de todo o mundo a falar sobre o assunto. A Senadora Cynthia Lummis foi mais além e propôs um programa para adicionar 200 mil bitcoins à reserva ao ano, até 1 milhão de Bitcoin. Só que isto está a criar uma enorme expectativa na comunidade, só que pode resultar numa enorme desilusão. Porque no primeiro ano, o Trump em vez de comprar os 200 mil, pode apenas adicionar na reserva, os 198 mil que o Estado já tem em sua posse. Se isto acontecer, possivelmente vai resultar numa forte queda a curto prazo. Na minha opinião os bancos centrais deveriam seguir o exemplo de El Salvador, fazer um DCA diário. Mais que comprar bitcoin, para mim, o mais importante é a criação da Reserva, é colocar o Bitcoin ao mesmo nível do ouro, o impacto para o resto do mundo será tremendo, a teoria dos jogos na sua plenitude. Muitos outros bancos centrais vão ter que comprar, para não ficarem atrás, além disso, vai transmitir uma mensagem à generalidade da população, que o Bitcoin é “afinal é algo seguro, com valor”. Mas não foi Trump que iniciou esta teoria dos jogos, mas sim foi a primeira vítima dela. É o próprio Trump que o admite, que os EUA necessitam da reserva para não ficar atrás da China. Além disso, desde que os EUA utilizaram o dólar como uma arma, com sanção contra a Rússia, surgiram boatos de que a Rússia estaria a utilizar o Bitcoin para transações internacionais. Que foram confirmados recentemente, pelo próprio governo russo. Também há poucos dias, ainda antes deste reconhecimento público, Putin elogiou o Bitcoin, ao reconhecer que “Ninguém pode proibir o bitcoin”, defendendo como uma alternativa ao dólar. A narrativa está a mudar. Já existem alguns países com Bitcoin, mas apenas dois o fizeram conscientemente (El Salvador e Butão), os restantes têm devido a apreensões. Hoje são poucos, mas 2025 será o início de uma corrida pelos bancos centrais. Esta corrida era algo previsível, o que eu não esperava é que acontecesse tão rápido.  ## Empresas A criação de reservas estratégicas não vai ficar apenas pelos bancos centrais, também vai acelerar fortemente nas empresas em 2025.  Mas as empresas não vão seguir a estratégia do Saylor, vão comprar bitcoin sem alavancagem, utilizando apenas os tesouros das empresas, como uma proteção contra a inflação. Eu não sou grande admirador do Saylor, prefiro muito mais, uma estratégia conservadora, sem qualquer alavancagem. Penso que as empresas vão seguir a sugestão da BlackRock, que aconselha um alocações de 1% a 3%. Penso que 2025, ainda não será o ano da entrada das 6 magníficas (excepto Tesla), será sobretudo empresas de pequena e média dimensão. As magníficas ainda tem uma cota muito elevada de _shareholders_ com alguma idade, bastante conservadores, que têm dificuldade em compreender o Bitcoin, foi o que aconteceu recentemente com a Microsoft. Também ainda não será em 2025, talvez 2026, a inclusão nativamente de wallet Bitcoin nos sistema da Apple Pay e da Google Pay. Seria um passo gigante para a adoção a nível mundial. # ETFs Os ETFs para mim são uma incógnita, tenho demasiadas dúvidas, como será 2025. Este ano os _inflows_ foram superiores a 500 mil bitcoins, o IBIT foi o lançamento de ETF mais bem sucedido da história. O sucesso dos ETFs, deve-se a 2 situações que nunca mais se vão repetir. O mercado esteve 10 anos à espera pela aprovação dos ETFs, a procura estava reprimida, isso foi bem notório nos primeiros meses, os _inflows_ foram brutais. Também se beneficiou por ser um mercado novo, não existia _orderbook_ de vendas, não existia um mercado interno, praticamente era só _inflows_. Agora o mercado já estabilizou, a maioria das transações já são entre clientes dos próprios ETFs. Agora só uma pequena percentagem do volume das transações diárias vai resultar em _inflows_ ou _outflows_. Estes dois fenómenos nunca mais se vão repetir, eu não acredito que o número de _inflows_ em BTC supere os número de 2024, em dólares vai superar, mas em btc não acredito que vá superar. Mas em 2025 vão surgir uma infindável quantidade de novos produtos, derivativos, novos ETFs de cestos com outras criptos ou cestos com ativos tradicionais. O bitcoin será adicionado em produtos financeiros já existentes no mercado, as pessoas vão passar a deter bitcoin, sem o saberem. Com o fim da operação ChokePoint 2.0, vai surgir uma nova onda de adoção e de produtos financeiros. Possivelmente vamos ver bancos tradicionais a disponibilizar produtos ou serviços de custódia aos seus clientes. Eu adoraria ver o crescimento da adoção do bitcoin como moeda, só que a regulamentação não vai ajudar nesse processo. # Preço Eu acredito que o topo deste ciclo será alcançado no primeiro semestre, posteriormente haverá uma correção. Mas desta vez, eu acredito que a correção será muito menor que as anteriores, inferior a 50%, esta é a minha expectativa. Espero estar certo. # Stablecoins de dólar Agora saindo um pouco do universo do Bitcoin, acho importante destacar as _stablecoins_. No último ciclo, eu tenho dividido o tempo, entre continuar a estudar o Bitcoin e estudar o sistema financeiro, as suas dinâmicas e o comportamento humano. Isto tem sido o meu foco de reflexão, imaginar a transformação que o mundo vai sofrer devido ao padrão Bitcoin. É uma ilusão acreditar que a transição de um padrão FIAT para um padrão Bitcoin vai ser rápida, vai existir um processo transitório que pode demorar décadas. Com a re-entrada de Trump na Casa Branca, prometendo uma política altamente protecionista, vai provocar uma forte valorização do dólar, consequentemente as restantes moedas do mundo vão derreter. Provocando uma inflação generalizada, gerando uma corrida às _stablecoins_ de dólar nos países com moedas mais fracas. Trump vai ter uma política altamente expansionista, vai exportar dólares para todo o mundo, para financiar a sua própria dívida. A desigualdade entre os pobres e ricos irá crescer fortemente, aumentando a possibilidade de conflitos e revoltas. > “Casa onde não há pão, todos ralham e ninguém tem razão” Será mais lenha, para alimentar a fogueira, vai gravar os conflitos geopolíticos já existentes, ficando as sociedade ainda mais polarizadas. Eu acredito que 2025, vai haver um forte crescimento na adoção das _stablecoins_ de dólares, esse forte crescimento vai agravar o problema sistémico que são as _stablecoins_. Vai ser o início do fim das _stablecoins_, pelo menos, como nós conhecemos hoje em dia. ## Problema sistémico O sistema FIAT não nasceu de um dia para outro, foi algo que foi construído organicamente, ou seja, foi evoluindo ao longo dos anos, sempre que havia um problema/crise, eram criadas novas regras ou novas instituições para minimizar os problemas. Nestes quase 100 anos, desde os acordos de Bretton Woods, a evolução foram tantas, tornaram o sistema financeiro altamente complexo, burocrático e nada eficiente. Na prática é um castelo de cartas construído sobre outro castelo de cartas e que por sua vez, foi construído sobre outro castelo de cartas. As _stablecoins_ são um problema sistémico, devido às suas reservas em dólares e o sistema financeiro não está preparado para manter isso seguro. Com o crescimento das reservas ao longo dos anos, foi se agravando o problema. No início a Tether colocava as reservas em bancos comerciais, mas com o crescimento dos dólares sob gestão, criou um problema nos bancos comerciais, devido à reserva fracionária. Essas enormes reservas da Tether estavam a colocar em risco a própria estabilidade dos bancos. A Tether acabou por mudar de estratégia, optou por outros ativos, preferencialmente por títulos do tesouro/obrigações dos EUA. Só que a Tether continua a crescer e não dá sinais de abrandamento, pelo contrário. Até o próprio mundo cripto, menosprezava a gravidade do problema da Tether/_stablecoins_ para o resto do sistema financeiro, porque o _marketcap_ do cripto ainda é muito pequeno. É verdade que ainda é pequeno, mas a Tether não o é, está no top 20 dos maiores detentores de títulos do tesouros dos EUA e está ao nível dos maiores bancos centrais do mundo. Devido ao seu tamanho, está a preocupar os responsáveis/autoridades/reguladores dos EUA, pode colocar em causa a estabilidade do sistema financeiro global, que está assente nessas obrigações. Os títulos do tesouro dos EUA são o colateral mais utilizado no mundo, tanto por bancos centrais, como por empresas, é a charneira da estabilidade do sistema financeiro. Os títulos do tesouro são um assunto muito sensível. Na recente crise no Japão, do _carry trade_, o Banco Central do Japão tentou minimizar a desvalorização do iene através da venda de títulos dos EUA. Esta operação, obrigou a uma viagem de emergência, da Secretaria do Tesouro dos EUA, Janet Yellen ao Japão, onde disponibilizou liquidez para parar a venda de títulos por parte do Banco Central do Japão. Essa forte venda estava desestabilizando o mercado. Os principais detentores de títulos do tesouros são institucionais, bancos centrais, bancos comerciais, fundo de investimento e gestoras, tudo administrado por gestores altamente qualificados, racionais e que conhecem a complexidade do mercado de obrigações. O mundo cripto é seu oposto, é _naife_ com muita irracionalidade e uma forte pitada de loucura, na sua maioria nem faz a mínima ideia como funciona o sistema financeiro. Essa irracionalidade pode levar a uma “corrida bancária”, como aconteceu com o UST da Luna, que em poucas horas colapsou o projeto. Em termos de escala, a Luna ainda era muito pequena, por isso, o problema ficou circunscrito ao mundo cripto e a empresas ligadas diretamente ao cripto. Só que a Tether é muito diferente, caso exista algum FUD, que obrigue a Tether a desfazer-se de vários biliões ou dezenas de biliões de dólares em títulos num curto espaço de tempo, poderia provocar consequências terríveis em todo o sistema financeiro. A Tether é grande demais, é já um problema sistémico, que vai agravar-se com o crescimento em 2025. Não tenham dúvidas, se existir algum problema, o Tesouro dos EUA vai impedir a venda dos títulos que a Tether tem em sua posse, para salvar o sistema financeiro. O problema é, o que vai fazer a Tether, se ficar sem acesso às venda das reservas, como fará o _redeem_ dos dólares? Como o crescimento do Tether é inevitável, o Tesouro e o FED estão com um grande problema em mãos, o que fazer com o Tether? Mas o problema é que o atual sistema financeiro é como um curto cobertor: Quanto tapas a cabeça, destapas os pés; Ou quando tapas os pés, destapas a cabeça. Ou seja, para resolver o problema da guarda reservas da Tether, vai criar novos problemas, em outros locais do sistema financeiro e assim sucessivamente. ### Conta mestre Uma possível solução seria dar uma conta mestre à Tether, dando o acesso direto a uma conta no FED, semelhante à que todos os bancos comerciais têm. Com isto, a Tether deixaria de necessitar os títulos do tesouro, depositando o dinheiro diretamente no banco central. Só que isto iria criar dois novos problemas, com o Custodia Bank e com o restante sistema bancário. O Custodia Bank luta há vários anos contra o FED, nos tribunais pelo direito a ter licença bancária para um banco com _full-reserves_. O FED recusou sempre esse direito, com a justificativa que esse banco, colocaria em risco toda a estabilidade do sistema bancário existente, ou seja, todos os outros bancos poderiam colapsar. Perante a existência em simultâneo de bancos com reserva fracionária e com _full-reserves_, as pessoas e empresas iriam optar pelo mais seguro. Isso iria provocar uma corrida bancária, levando ao colapso de todos os bancos com reserva fracionária, porque no Custodia Bank, os fundos dos clientes estão 100% garantidos, para qualquer valor. Deixaria de ser necessário limites de fundos de Garantia de Depósitos. Eu concordo com o FED nesse ponto, que os bancos com _full-reserves_ são uma ameaça a existência dos restantes bancos. O que eu discordo do FED, é a origem do problema, o problema não está nos bancos _full-reserves_, mas sim nos que têm reserva fracionária. O FED ao conceder uma conta mestre ao Tether, abre um precedente, o Custodia Bank irá o aproveitar, reclamando pela igualdade de direitos nos tribunais e desta vez, possivelmente ganhará a sua licença. Ainda há um segundo problema, com os restantes bancos comerciais. A Tether passaria a ter direitos similares aos bancos comerciais, mas os deveres seriam muito diferentes. Isto levaria os bancos comerciais aos tribunais para exigir igualdade de tratamento, é uma concorrência desleal. Isto é o bom dos tribunais dos EUA, são independentes e funcionam, mesmo contra o estado. Os bancos comerciais têm custos exorbitantes devido às políticas de _compliance_, como o KYC e AML. Como o governo não vai querer aliviar as regras, logo seria a Tether, a ser obrigada a fazer o _compliance_ dos seus clientes. A obrigação do KYC para ter _stablecoins_ iriam provocar um terramoto no mundo cripto. Assim, é pouco provável que seja a solução para a Tether. ### FED Só resta uma hipótese, ser o próprio FED a controlar e a gerir diretamente as _stablecoins_ de dólar, nacionalizado ou absorvendo as existentes. Seria uma espécie de CBDC. Isto iria provocar um novo problema, um problema diplomático, porque as _stablecoins_ estão a colocar em causa a soberania monetária dos outros países. Atualmente as _stablecoins_ estão um pouco protegidas porque vivem num limbo jurídico, mas a partir do momento que estas são controladas pelo governo americano, tudo muda. Os países vão exigir às autoridades americanas medidas que limitem o uso nos seus respectivos países. Não existe uma solução boa, o sistema FIAT é um castelo de cartas, qualquer carta que se mova, vai provocar um desmoronamento noutro local. As autoridades não poderão adiar mais o problema, terão que o resolver de vez, senão, qualquer dia será tarde demais. Se houver algum problema, vão colocar a responsabilidade no cripto e no Bitcoin. Mas a verdade, a culpa é inteiramente dos políticos, da sua incompetência em resolver os problemas a tempo. Será algo para acompanhar futuramente, mas só para 2026, talvez… É curioso, há uns anos pensava-se que o Bitcoin seria a maior ameaça ao sistema ao FIAT, mas afinal, a maior ameaça aos sistema FIAT é o próprio FIAT(_stablecoins_). A ironia do destino. Isto é como uma corrida, o Bitcoin é aquele atleta que corre ao seu ritmo, umas vezes mais rápido, outras vezes mais lento, mas nunca pára. O FIAT é o atleta que dá tudo desde da partida, corre sempre em velocidade máxima. Só que a vida e o sistema financeiro não é uma prova de 100 metros, mas sim uma maratona. # Europa 2025 será um ano desafiante para todos europeus, sobretudo devido à entrada em vigor da regulamentação (MiCA). Vão começar a sentir na pele a regulamentação, vão agravar-se os problemas com os _compliance_, problemas para comprovar a origem de fundos e outras burocracias. Vai ser lindo. O _Travel Route_ passa a ser obrigatório, os europeus serão obrigados a fazer o KYC nas transações. A _Travel Route_ é uma suposta lei para criar mais transparência, mas prática, é uma lei de controle, de monitorização e para limitar as liberdades individuais dos cidadãos. O MiCA também está a colocar problemas nas _stablecoins_ de Euro, a Tether para já preferiu ficar de fora da europa. O mais ridículo é que as novas regras obrigam os emissores a colocar 30% das reservas em bancos comerciais. Os burocratas europeus não compreendem que isto coloca em risco a estabilidade e a solvência dos próprios bancos, ficam propensos a corridas bancárias. O MiCA vai obrigar a todas as exchanges a estar registadas em solo europeu, ficando vulnerável ao temperamento dos burocratas. Ainda não vai ser em 2025, mas a UE vai impor políticas de controle de capitais, é inevitável, as exchanges serão obrigadas a usar em exclusividade _stablecoins_ de euro, as restantes _stablecoins_ serão deslistadas. Todas estas novas regras do MiCA, são extremamente restritas, não é para garantir mais segurança aos cidadãos europeus, mas sim para garantir mais controle sobre a população. A UE está cada vez mais perto da autocracia, do que da democracia. A minha única esperança no horizonte, é que o sucesso das políticas cripto nos EUA, vai obrigar a UE a recuar e a aligeirar as regras, a teoria dos jogos é implacável. Mas esse recuo, nunca acontecerá em 2025, vai ser um longo período conturbado. # Recessão Os mercados estão todos em máximos históricos, isto não é sustentável por muito tempo, suspeito que no final de 2025 vai acontecer alguma correção nos mercados. A queda só não será maior, porque os bancos centrais vão imprimir dinheiro, muito dinheiro, como se não houvesse amanhã. Vão voltar a resolver os problemas com a injeção de liquidez na economia, é empurrar os problemas com a barriga, em de os resolver. Outra vez o efeito Cantillon. Será um ano muito desafiante a nível político, onde o papel dos políticos será fundamental. A crise política na França e na Alemanha, coloca a UE órfã, sem um comandante ao leme do navio. 2025 estará condicionado pelas eleições na Alemanha, sobretudo no resultado do AfD, que podem colocar em causa a propriedade UE e o euro. Possivelmente, só o fim da guerra poderia minimizar a crise, algo que é muito pouco provável acontecer. Em Portugal, a economia parece que está mais ou menos equilibrada, mas começam a aparecer alguns sinais preocupantes. Os jogos de sorte e azar estão em máximos históricos, batendo o recorde de 2014, época da grande crise, não é um bom sinal, possivelmente já existe algum desespero no ar. A Alemanha é o motor da Europa, quanto espirra, Portugal constipa-se. Além do problema da Alemanha, a Espanha também está à beira de uma crise, são os países que mais influenciam a economia portuguesa. Se existir uma recessão mundial, terá um forte impacto no turismo, que é hoje em dia o principal motor de Portugal. # Brasil Brasil é algo para acompanhar em 2025, sobretudo a nível macro e a nível político. Existe uma possibilidade de uma profunda crise no Brasil, sobretudo na sua moeda. O banco central já anda a queimar as reservas para minimizar a desvalorização do Real.  Sem mudanças profundas nas políticas fiscais, as reservas vão se esgotar. As políticas de controle de capitais são um cenário plausível, será interesse de acompanhar, como o governo irá proceder perante a existência do Bitcoin e _stablecoins_. No Brasil existe um forte adoção, será um bom _case study_, certamente irá repetir-se em outros países num futuro próximo. Os próximos tempos não serão fáceis para os brasileiros, especialmente para os que não têm Bitcoin. # Blockchain Em 2025, possivelmente vamos ver os primeiros passos da BlackRock para criar a primeira bolsa de valores, exclusivamente em _blockchain_. Eu acredito que a BlackRock vai criar uma própria _blockchain_, toda controlada por si, onde estarão os RWAs, para fazer concorrência às tradicionais bolsas de valores. Será algo interessante de acompanhar. ----------- Estas são as minhas previsões, eu escrevi isto muito em cima do joelho, certamente esqueci-me de algumas coisas, se for importante acrescentarei nos comentários. A maioria das previsões só acontecerá após 2025, mas fica aqui a minha opinião. Isto é apenas a minha opinião, **Don’t Trust, Verify**!

@ 2063cd79:57bd1320

Obwohl einige andere Themen, wie der kürzlich erschienene New York Times Artikel, in dem sich faktisch falsch und inhaltlich voreingenommen mit Bitcoin-Mining befasst wird, oder die Entdeckung des Satoshi Whitepapers auf Apple Computern momentan die heissen und viel besprochenen Nachrichten sind, hält auch die Diskussion über Ordinals und Inscriptions und besonders deren Auswirkungen auf das Bitcoin-Netzwerk an. Einer der viel besprochenen Aspekte bei diesem Thema ist die Auswirkung dieser Bitcoin-NFTs auf die Gebührenstruktur und somit Gewinnzusammensetzung für Miner, aber auch die direkten Auswirkungen auf On-Chain-Transaktionen durch die höheren Gebühren und den seit Wochen sehr vollen Mempool. Genau über den wollen wir uns diese Woche etwas detaillierter unterhalten, da es auch unter erfahrenen Bitcoinern immer noch einige Missverständnisse zu geben scheint. --- Fangen wir zunächst ganz vorne an. Regelmäßigen Leser//innen dieses Blogs sollte in Erinnerung sein, dass ich Anfang Februar einen Artikel über UTXOs und Gebührenmanagement geschrieben habe: https://www.genexyz.org/post/25-block-774775-utxos-fee-management-v3ulch/ In diesem Artikel habe ich beschrieben wie Transaktionen zusammengesetzt sind und welche Möglichkeiten Nutzer//innen haben, um ihre persönlichen Transaktionen anhand variabler Gebühreneinstellungen schnell oder langsam im Netzwerk zu platzieren. > Welchen Nutzen haben hohe gegenüber niedrigen Gebühren? Bitcoin-Miner handeln nicht ganz uneigennützig, denn sie werden für ihre Arbeit entlohnt. Für jeden produzierten Block erhalten sie neben dem Blockanteil (Reward) auch sämtliche Transaktionsgebühren, der im neuen Block enthaltenen Transaktionen. Ohne zu sehr ins Detail zu gehen, bedeutet dies, dass Miner einen Anreiz haben, Transaktionen mit möglichst hohen Gebühren zuerst in den neuen Block zu schreiben, um so ihren Profit zu maximieren. Je höher eine Gebühr relativ zu denen der anderen Transaktionen im Mempool ist, desto wahrscheinlicher ist, dass diese Transaktion im nächsten Block landet. Das bietet dem/der Nutzer//in die Möglichkeit, die eigene Transaktion zu priorisieren. Der Mempool, kurz für Memory Pool, hat also was mit Transaktionen zu tun - und zwar ganz schön viel. Denn jede im System propagierte Transaktion landet zunächst im Mempool. Also kann man sagen, dass der Mempool sowas wie ein Wartezimmer, oder eine Warteschlange am Supermarkt oder im Vergnügungspark ist. Soll eine Transaktion in einen Block geschrieben werden, so muss sie sich erstmal anstellen. Dabei bleibt festzuhalten, dass Transaktionen erst im Netzwerk propagiert werden, bevor sie in einen Block geschrieben werden können. Wenn man also in seiner Wallet eine Transaktion abschickt und einen grünen Haken oder eine Animation angezeigt bekommt, dass die Transaktion erfolgreich versendet wurde, dann bedeutet dies schlicht nur, dass die Wallet die Nachricht, die diese Transaktion enthält, zunächst an eine Node (einen Knotenpunkt im Netzwerk) übertragen hat. Das dezentrale Peer-to-Peer Bitcoin-Netzwerk erledigt dann den Rest: Die Nodes propagieren diese Nachricht sofort weiter an alle verbundenen Nodes (Flooding genannt), und somit ist die Nachricht innerhalb weniger Sekunden an alle Netzwerkteilnehmer versendet. Dabei werden Transaktionen erstmal auf ihre Richtigkeit überprüft. Dann werden diese erst von den Mining-Nodes aus dem Mempool übernommen, die die Transaktionen sortieren und ihren Blöcken hinzufügen. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/a033aa3a2954fc5bd7b605abd4474da8f38095c30a86d19cf3b9ca7c84dbef57.gif"> Transaktionen werden also von Wallets als Nachrichten ins Netzwerk gesendet. Ganz einfach gesprochen enthält jede Nachricht Informationen über den Sender, den Empfänger, die Höhe der versendeten Zahlung und die Höhe der angehefteten Gebühr. Diese Informationen müssen also erstmal im Netzwerk untergebracht werden, damit die Mining-Nodes aus diesem Pool von unbestätigten Transaktionen ihre Blöcke zusammensetzen können. Jetzt sitzen also in diesem Wartezimmer ganz viele Transaktionen und warten darauf, aufgerufen zu werden, um von Dr. Miner in seinem Besprechungszimmer empfangen zu werden. Doch anders als beim Arzt, wo man in der Reihenfolge aufgerufen wird, in der man seinen Termin vereinbart hat, oder beim Straßenverkehrsamt, wo die Nummer auf dem kleinen Ticket, das man beim Eintritt gezogen hat, über die Reihenfolge entscheidet, sucht Dr. Miner sich selbst aus, welche Patienten (Transaktionen) er in welcher Reihenfolge sehen möchte. Dr. Miner bittet zum Vorsprechtermin. Und da alle Patienten ein kleines Schildchen hochhalten, auf dem die Gebühr steht, die sie bereit sind zu zahlen, um so schnell wie möglich von Dr. Miner empfangen zu werden, kann dieser ganz einfach diejenigen bevorzugen, die am meisten zahlen (würde so im normalen Leben ja keineswegs ablaufen - hrr hrr, Kassenpatienten!). <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/397f104807a3cfc2f56d8254023290a33caab6bbcde966299bfe920e1f94caa2.gif"> Damit möchte ich nicht sagen, dass bei Bitcoin ein Zwei- oder Mehrklassensystem besteht, wie das im deutschen Gesundheitssystem der Fall ist, allerdings gibt es Einzelnen die Freiheit darüber zu entscheiden, wie wichtig ihnen einzelne Transaktionen sind und wie viel sie bereit sind, dafür zu bezahlen (ähem, freie Marktwirtschaft, hust!) Diese variable Gebührenstruktur ist also ganz eng mit dem Anreizsystem von Bitcoin verbunden. Gebühren werden in sats/B oder sats/vB (Satoshis pro (virtual) Byte) berechnet, also wie viele Sats man pro Byte entrichten muss. Damit werden Transaktionen mit mehr Blockgewicht automatisch teurer (hallo Ordinals 👋), was eigentlich sehr fair ist, aber die variable Gebühreneinstellung in den meisten Wallets erlaubt Versendenden ihre Transaktion auch anderen Transaktionen gegenüber zu priorisieren, wenn diese es für notwendig halten. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/9ddcadd77ef6cb23da46347f3c5e7741e4838e67de94c70e9a098b86b54257d3.gif"> Eine oft falsche Annahme ist, dass es irgendwie den einen Mempool gibt. Das ist natürlich falsch und aufgrund der dezentralen Struktur des Netzwerks auch gar nicht möglich. Vielmehr verfügt jede Node über ihren eigenen Mempool (mit seinen eigenen Einstellungen). Dieses Missverständnis rührt wahrscheinlich daher, dass immer von DEM Mempool gesprochen wird und Block-Explorer, wie mempool.space, durch ihre Übersicht suggerieren, dass diese Informationen aus DEM Mempool entstammen. Dabei sind Explorer oft nur die Visualisierung einer einzelnen Node, oder aggregieren verschiedene Informationen, um einen möglichst akkuraten Gesamteindruck darzustellen. --- **☝️ Kurz zusammengefasst: Ein Mempool ist die Warteschlange ausstehender und unbestätigter Transaktionen für eine Node. Es gibt keinen zentralen oder globalen Mempool. Jede Node verwaltet ihren eigenen Mempool, sodass verschiedene Nodes theoretisch unterschiedliche Transaktionen in ihren Mempools sammeln können. Transaktionen wiederum enthalten Gebühreninformationen, die für die Mining-Nodes wichtig sind, um diese zu priorisieren.** --- <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/8eb2425e7abff2ad65d1bfbc62ffdcf6dd84d74779de6b3843e918261bb950bf.png"> Wenn man sich das obige Bild einmal anschaut, versteht man auch, was es mit den Gebühren auf sich hat. Am einfachsten ist es sich vorzustellen, es gäbe eine Autobahn, auf der ein Algorithmus entscheidet, wie schnell alle Autos fahren. Um überhaupt auf diese Autobahn auffahren zu dürfen, muss man 1,98 sat/vB zahlen, sonst wird man gar nicht drauf gelassen. Diejenigen Transaktionen, die 4 sat/vB zahlen, dürfen zwar auf die Autobahn, stehen aber momentan auf dem Standstreifen und kommen nicht vorwärts. Wer mind. 5 sat/vB zahlt, fährt automatisch auf der rechten Spur, alle die mind. 7 sat/vB zahlen, fahren in der Mitte, und wer mind. 10 sat/vB ausgeben möchte, darf rechts am schnellsten fahren. Oder um eine andere Analogie zu bemühen, schauen wir uns eine Warteschlange im Vergnügungspark an. Allerdings gibt es nicht nur eine lange Schlange, sondern verschiedene Schlangen für dieselbe Achterbahn mit unterschiedlich langen Wartezeiten. Jedoch muss man mehr Fahrpreis bezahlen, wenn man in die Schlange mit der kürzeren Wartezeit möchte (würde so im normalen Leben ja keineswegs ablaufen - hrr hrr, Genie-Pass im Disney World). Alle 10 Minuten fährt die Achterbahn eine Runde und nimmt immer nur eine gewisse Anzahl von Parkbesuchern mit, bis das Gewichtslimit der Bahn erreicht ist - nur das Gewicht der Fahrgäste ist entscheidend, nicht die Menge. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/836fa5f1c85a7187057f8807cb56e903fe42b054a1a4fb0d5f87dce846e6ff64.gif"> Es gibt einige Fahrgäste, denen es wert ist, auf jeden Fall in der nächsten Bahn zu sitzen, koste es was es wolle. Dann wiederum gibt es welche, die schauen, wie viele Fahrgäste schon in den jeweiligen Reihen stehen und sich ausrechnen, wie viel sie bezahlen müssten, um eine fast 100%ige Chance zu erhalten, in der nächsten Bahn zu sitzen, ohne unnötig draufzuzahlen. Dann gibt es diejenigen, denen es egal ist, denn sie wissen, dass sie auf jeden Fall irgendwann mitfahren, aber auf Schnelligkeit keinen Wert legen. Diese unterschiedlichen Warteschlangen lassen sich im folgenden Bild gut an den Kohorten der linken Spalte ablesen. Dort werden die jeweiligen Gebührenbereiche in sats/vB dargestellt und naturgemäß sind die unteren Bereiche mehr gefüllt, als die oberen. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/e2ec192dfe4b2fb26d85fc09a99901ec2d6dfa94e1b8daf3f9f3169a3d8248f9.png"> Die Einordnung der Gebühren, das Analysieren der jeweiligen Bänder und das Errechnen der Mindestgebühren, etc. übernimmt natürlich nicht der Sender jedes Mal manuell. Wallets nutzen Algorithmen, um genau diese Informationen aus dem Netzwerk auszuwerten und um dann dem/der Nutzer//in die Gebühren schon einzustellen. Sollte es jedoch trotzdem vorkommen, dass die Gebühren zu niedrig eingestellt wurden und somit Transaktionen im Mempool stecken bleiben (sprich: Die Gebühren sind zu gering, um von Mining-Nodes als interessant genug erachtet zu werden und die Transaktion wird deshalb Block nach Block umgangen), gibt es die Möglichkeit Transaktionen zu pushen. https://www.genexyz.org/post/19-block-765505-on-chain-analytics-mhcumo/ Wie wir in meinem Artikel vom Dezember letztes Jahres gesehen haben, wurde mit Version 0.24 des Bitcoin Core Protokolls eine Änderung in der Core Implementierung vorgenommen: > Und zwar wird der Default von Opt-in auf Full replace-by-fee (RBF) geändert. RBF ist eine Mempool-Funktion, die 2015 vorgeschlagen wurde und ins Protokoll übernommen wurde, die Nutzer//innen eine Möglichkeit gibt feststeckende Transaktionen voranzutreiben, wenn diese lange Zeit unbestätigt im Mempool hängen. Wenn Nutzer//innen diese jetzt beschleunigen wollen, können sie eine höhere Gebühr zahlen, um die eigene Transaktion attraktiver zu machen. In der 2016 eingeführten Opt-in RBF Funktion, müssen Nutzer//innen aktiv einwilligen, dass ihre Transaktionen durch Transaktionen mit höheren Gebühren ersetzt werden, wohingegen die neue Full RBF Funktion standardmäßig jede Transaktion ersetzbar macht, solange für die Ersetzung eine höhere Gebühr gezahlt wird. --- **☝️ Kurz zusammengefasst: Der Mempool funktioniert als Sammelbecken für alle dem Netzwerk übertragenen Transaktionen, die dann von den Minern sukzessive in einen Block gepackt werden. Dies erfolgt in der Regel nach Höhe der Gebühren, d.h. Transaktionen, die eine höhere Gebühr mit sich führen, werden von Minern präferiert, da dies deren Profit steigert. Wurde eine Transaktion mit geringer Gebühr übertragen, oder treten aus verschiedenen Gründen hohe Gebührenspitzen auf, können die unpräferablen Transaktionen im Mempool hängen bleiben.** --- Wie wir jetzt wissen, verwaltet jede Node ihren separaten, individuellen Mempool. Die Einstellungen können die Betreiber der Nodes selbst vornehmen, denn während die Standardgröße auf eine Memory-Grenze von 300 MB festgelegt ist, kann jeder Knotenbetreiber seinen eigenen Wert festlegen. Die Mempool-Größenbeschränkung bezieht sich jedoch nicht auf die serialisierten Daten oder das Transaktionsgewicht der Transaktionen in der Warteschlange, sondern auf die tatsächliche Speichernutzung der deserialisierten Transaktionsdaten auf der jeweiligen Node. Wenn die Mempool-Grenze einer Node erreicht ist, werden die Transaktionen mit der niedrigsten Gebühr gelöscht und die Node gibt dem Netzwerk bekannt, dass vorerst keine Transaktionen unter einer gewissen Gebühr weitergeleitet werden sollen. Da jede Node unterschiedliche Grenzen hat, kann es sein, dass eine Node mit einem kleineren oder größeren Mempool Transaktionen früher oder später löscht. Nachdem der Rückstand unter die (meistens) 300 MB-Grenze gesunken ist, senken Nodes ihre Gebührenmindestanforderung und beginnen wieder damit, Transaktionen zu akzeptieren, die zuvor ausgeschlossen wurden. Jetzt ist es auch über drei Monate her, dass das Ordinals / Inscriptions Protokoll veröffentlicht wurde und nach einem anfangs relativ langsamen Start (trotz heftiger Diskussionen, vieler Publikationen zu dem Thema, etc.) wurden in dieser Zeit mittlerweile mehr als 1 Millionen Artefakte hochgeladen. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/455aca1f24b6c283e7296b8e3207fd6066407ce7fbee865ac20ba806bc281612.png"> <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/d537ac656ec1a1a3518af5ddd1528d621f229016dc51f27c21f1130975767131.png"> Das Hochladen so vieler (meistens) Bilder direkt in die Bitcoin-Blockchain ist mit recht hoher Sicherheit der Treiber dafür, dass der Mempool seit einiger Zeit komplett ausgelastet ist (also die 300 MB-Grenze übersteigt) und, wie oben gesehen, zum Zeitpunkt des Verfassens, ca. 17.000 Transaktionen darauf warten, in einen Block geschrieben zu werden. Dies entspricht etwa 90 Blöcken, die das Netzwerk produzieren könnte, ohne dass eine einzige weitere Transaktion hinzu kommt. Die große Menge an hochgeladenen Daten hat auch dazu geführt, dass Gebühren zeitweise in den Bereich von 20-40 sat/vByte gehoben wurden. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/34f65f790f87b2d3872bb44ce30e69fbbe8a15e747cc763e7574fe874c39dee6.png"> Vor SegWit (Segregated Witness) wurden Gebühren nach Transaktionsgröße bestimmt. SegWit führte das Konzept des Blockgewichts ein und änderte die zu erhebenden Gebühren nach Gewichtseinheit anstelle der Transaktionsgröße. Diese Änderung wurde eingeführt, um die Transaktionsgebühren insgesamt zu senken, jedoch kommt es dennoch vor, dass Blöcke erstellt werden, die überwiegend aus Inscriptions bestehen. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/321075ce9eaabb079c318941e238983b4f6633f7d473ce611e5d3b4d378ef463.png"> SegWit war ironischerweise auch der Soft Fork, der es erst ermöglichte, dass Inscriptions in der heutigen Form hochgeladen werden können. Mehr dazu hier: https://www.genexyz.org/post/26-block-775770-ordinals-inscriptions-36zg3n/ Um das Ordinals / Inscriptions Thema abzuschließen, bleibt bei aller Kritik auf der einen Seite und einem neuen Geschäftsmodell / einer neuen Einnahmequelle für Miner auf der anderen Seite, zu sagen, dass der Anteil an Transaktionsgebühren, die auf Ordinals / Inscriptions zurückzuführen sind, doch recht überschaubar ist. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/933423b627923996b898bbc3a4d063c1d5a76b754004c32ab0978e585a867a9a.png"> Es bleibt festzuhalten, dass der Mempool einen sehr wichtigen Teil des Bitcoin-Netzwerks darstellt. Er ermöglicht uns zu verstehen, wie ge- oder überfüllt das Netzwerk ist und ob es Transaktionsstaus gibt, die zu langsameren Bestätigungszeiten und höheren Gebühren führen. Er hilft fortgeschrittenen Nutzer//innen zu verstehen, wie sie ihre Gebühren am besten einstellen, aber bietet auch einen Überblick über den gesamten Zustand des Netzwerks. Will man sich einen Gesamteindruck über Bitcoin - das Netzwerk - machen, schaut man sich nicht den aktuellen Tageskurs an, sondern vielmehr den Mempool und die Hashrate. Diese zwei Quellen bieten eine Menge Auskunft darüber, was gerade im Netzwerk passiert und vielleicht passieren wird. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/2ee1e105ffef4ff7243f6fd21000e5e356cb0f58d091275b01d52718f7d0d17d.png"> Los Miner, ihr habt zu viele ungelesene Transaktions-Nachrichten in eurem Mempool-Postfach! 🫳🎤 --- In diesem Sinne, 2... 1... Risiko!‌ 

@ 2063cd79:57bd1320

Angesichts der jüngsten Aufmerksamkeit in den sozialen Medien, die durch Greenpeace und die von Shitcoin finanzierte Änderung der Code-Bewegung geschaffen wurde, ist es wichtig zu betonen, warum Proof of Work (PoW) ein Feature und kein Bug ist und warum der Aufwand an Energie und damit Strom und damit der Verbrauch von idealerweise dichten Energiequellen, die zur Herstellung von Bitcoin verwendet werden, ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der DNA von Bitcoin darstellen. Die von Greenpeace befürwortete Alternative, Proof of Stake (PoS), die nicht so viel physische Energie verbraucht, aber auch nicht den Funktionsumfang von Proof of Work mit sich bringt, ist in sich fehlerhaft, denn PoS schafft es nicht, die digitale Währung - die die meisten alternativen CrYpTo Currencies sein wollen - und eben nicht “World Computer” oder “Smart Contract Application” - in der realen Welt zu verankern. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/b67ed1ca1f6d92a02fd6633c2db0d5b1fdbf69f8920e851c9188f402a8edd48b.png"> --- Die Geschichte von Geld ist fast so lang wie die der Menschheit als solche. Wie schon oft und besonders in letzter Zeit besprochen, hat sich unser Geld und der Umgang mit diesem mit der Entwicklung des modernen Menschen weiterentwickelt. Neue Technologien haben dazu geführt, dass auch unser Geld weiterentwickelt wurde und sich den aktuellen Gegebenheiten angepasst hat. Das jeweilig in seiner Zeit vorhandene Geld war immer das Beste, was der technologische Fortschritt und die äußeren Faktoren hervorbringen konnten. Heute leben wir in einer stark digitalisierten Welt und in diesem digitalen Raum bedarf es eines Geldes, das diese Anforderungen erfüllt. Natürlich gibt es immer Mittel und Wege, das aktuell beste Geld mit Hilfsmitteln so anzupassen, dass es den neuen Herausforderungen eine gewisse Zeit standhält, aber das ist immer nur eine Notlösung zur Überbrückung der Zeit, bis die nächste Innovation Einzug erhält. Das haben wir z.B. mit Gold und der Einführung von Papiergeld gesehen. https://www.genexyz.org/post/11-block-752065-fractional-reserve-banking-wird-durch-bitcoin-obsolet-bdpznh/ Eine lange Zeit war Gold DAS beste Geld. Doch mit der Weiterentwicklung von anderen Technologien, die z.B. das Reisen über weite Strecken und damit den Handel zwischen Ländern und Kontinenten möglich machten, aber auch der Weiterentwicklung der Finanzsysteme und der damit einhergehenden Globalisierung, wurde Gold als Zahlungsmittel schnell unpraktisch und durch Papiergeld erweitert. Was zunächst nur eine bessere und neuere Art der Handhabung von Gold war, also die Möglichkeit den Besitz von Gold zu belegen und damit die Notwendigkeit schwere Barren oder Münzen von A nach B zu bewegen, abgelöst hat, wurde schnell zum neuen Geld. Papiergeld (und damit auch Notenbankgeld und Geschäftsbankbuchungen) ist spätestens seit 1971 das neue, am weitesten verbreitete Geld. https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/ Doch durch die nächste Stufe in unserer Entwicklung, der Erfindung des Internets und des World Wide Webs, musste auch dieses Geld den Umständen angepasst werden. Papiergeld, bzw. Fiat-Geld ist allerdings nicht für das digitale Zeitalter gemacht, weshalb wir uns heutzutage mit weiteren Substituten wie PayPal, Venmo, Kwitt (haha), Zelle, usw. versuchen auszuhelfen. Was ich damit sagen will, ist, dass Geld eine Lebensdauer hat, und Fiat-Geld in seiner aktuellen Form nur noch effizient genutzt werden kann, da es Produkte gibt, die es ermöglichen eine Brücke zwischen der Geld-Technologie und den äußeren Umständen, also der immer weiter voranschreitenden Verschiebung unseres Lebens in den digitalen Raum zu schlagen. Wo Papiergeld damals Gold als das am häufigsten genutzte Zahlungsmittel abgelöst hat, können Dienste wie PayPal allerdings nicht zum neuen Geld werden. Dies wird durch die Aufsichtsbehörden, Staaten und internationalen Institutionen verhindert, denn die monetäre Autorität, das Recht Geld auszugeben - zu prägen - (und auszugeben!), ist in allen Staaten dieser Welt einzig und allein dem Staat vorbehalten (also nur eigentlich, aber dazu mehr ein anderes Mal). https://x.com/Culture_Crit/status/1638293934735601666 Diese Digitalisierung des Werts von Geld ist gerade heute die Achillesferse von Gold. Gold ist (neben Bitcoin) die beste Möglichkeit, Besitz zu sichern und zu sparen. Es ist als Zahlungsmittel jedoch unbrauchbar. Fiat-Geld hingegen lässt sich bislang einigermaßen in den digitalen Raum überbrücken, aber Gold, der einzige bislang harte Wert, ist ein physischer Wert, was bedeutet, dass man es in der realen Welt schützen muss. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe von Tresoren oder Anbietern, die die Verwahrung übernehmen, was zur Zentralisierung des Eigentums und zu Vertrauensabhängigkeit führt, oder, wie oben beschrieben, zur Nutzung von Schuldscheinen. Da der einzige Grund sein Vermögen in Gold aufzubewahren darin besteht, solche Abhängigkeiten von Dritten zu vermeiden, führen Schuldscheine die Verwahridee ad absurdum, denn Schuldscheine sind nichts anderes, als Banknoten, die über kurz oder lang von ihrem zugrunde liegenden Wert entkoppelt werden. Dies ist bei Papiergeld der Fall, welches nicht durch den zugrunde liegenden Wert gedeckt wird. Ist man jedoch in der Lage den zugrunde liegenden Wert zu entmaterialisieren, kann man diesen viel einfacher speichern, indem man Kryptographie verwendet, um diesen mit dem Internet zu verbinden, in dem weltweit die meisten Handelsgeschäfte und Transaktionen abgewickelt werden. Die Entmaterialisierung eines Werts birgt auch den Vorteil, dass dieser Wert in unendlich kleine Teile gestückelt werden kann. So ist es z.B. unmöglich einen Bruchteil des Wertes von Gold zu verleihen oder auszugeben, ohne es entweder in kleine Stücke zu zerlegen oder ein Derivat zu erstellen, das wiederum nur ein Proxy vom eigentlichen Gold darstellt. Daher bringt ein entmaterialisierter Wert eines Guts viele Vorteile mit sich, die der einzige andere harte Wert, Gold, nicht bieten kann. Deshalb ist ein Gut, dass digital in einer entmaterialiserten Form existiert besser als ein physisches Gut. Dies kann man auch sehen, wenn man diesen Gedanken auf alte Geldarten zurückführt, denn es zeigt, dass diese damals verwendeten Gelder einen gewissen Wert hatten und als Ware marktwirtschaftlichen, oder sogar fast schon darwinistischen, Kräften eines Kampfes zwischen den jeweiligen Eigenschaften dieser Geldformen ausgeliefert waren. Muscheln wurden von Glasperlen abgelöst, Glasperlen von Silber, Silber von Gold. Gold war das wertvollste bekannte Gut, da Gold in der physischen Welt am schwierigsten herzustellen ist, oder war. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/bed0f35c1c7102fc6b92bad19b64f3a73ac44d9e1a0fa7c251f8e34a8c37f85a.gif"> Denn in dieser evolutionistischen Kette löst Bitcoin Gold ab. Denn Bitcoin muss, obwohl es digital ist und damit in der heutigen Zeit des Internets perfekt funktioniert, in der physischen Welt beschafft oder produziert werden. Und das ist genau der Wert, den Proof of Work schafft. Bevor Bitcoin in der digitalen Welt existieren kann, muss es in der physischen Welt hergestellt werden. Und zwar unter sehr realen und physisch existierenden Umständen und Einschränkungen. Es muss Energie aufgebracht werden, um den Stromverbrauch von Mining-Rigs zu sättigen. Damit hat Bitcoin einen Weg gefunden, Werte in der realen, greifbaren Welt mit denen der digitalen, entmaterialiserten Welt zu verbinden und genau diesen Wert in den digitalen Bereich zu übertragen. Der Mining-Prozess von Bitcoin transformiert also reale, physische Energie in ein digitales Gut, ohne dabei den Wert zu mindern, wenn überhaupt, wird der Wert dabei gesteigert. Denn die Transformation verankert nicht nur die aufgebrachte physische Energie in der realen Welt und wandelt diese in einen digitalen Wert um, sie steigert deren Wert sogar, indem sie ein Gut schafft, das weitere Eigenschaften in sich vereint, die in der realen Welt nicht existieren. Damit geht der Wert der verbrauchten Energie nicht verloren (wie gerne von Kritikern behauptet wird), sondern in diesem Prozess entsteht ein Gut, das größer ist als die Summe seiner Teile. Diese Eigenschaft von Bitcoin, und Proof of Work im Speziellen, wird oft nicht erkannt, bzw. braucht einige Zeit, um verstanden zu werden. Es ist leicht nur auf den Energieverbrauch von Bitcoin in der physischen Welt zu zeigen, ohne die andere Seite der Gleichung in Betracht zu ziehen. Die zuvor genannten Medienkampagnen von Greenpeace, aber auch der EU, der EZB, des Weißen Hauses in den USA, usw. beschränken sich allerdings genau auf diese vereinfachte Anschauung der Tatsachen (oder vielmehr Narrative). Dieses Phänomen ist nicht neu. Ähnlich wird auch beispielsweise bei der Betrachtung von Antriebsarten von PKW vorgegangen. Elektrische Motoren werden mit Verbrennermotoren verglichen, indem man den Benzinverbrauch und den Benzinpreis einfach mit dem Stromverbrauch und Strompreis vergleicht. Der daraus entstehende Schluss, dass Elektroantriebe günstiger sind, hinkt natürlich vorne und hinten, da nicht alle Bestandteile der Gleichung in Betracht gezogen werden. Das Verankern eines digitalen Werts in der physischen Wert ist allerdings nicht alleinig die Erfindung Satoshi Nakamotos und Bitcoin, sondern eine Verkettung von vielen Ideen und Konzepten zu einem einzigartigen und bislang nie dagewesenen neuen und bahnbrechenden technologischen Fortschritt. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/c22c066a5984d4034eea60b0fd7be5ad86ddd6b40d4984c8394e998cc2628140.png"> Doch die Entmaterialisierung von Bitcoin hat nicht nur den einzigartigen Effekt, dass es einen Wert der digitalen Welt in der physischen Welt verankert, sie liefert auch den entscheidenden Vorteil von Bitcoin gegenüber Gold. Denn die Entmaterialisierung macht Bitcoin deutlich teilbarer als Gold, da Bits und Bytes in der Theorie in unendlich keine Teile gebrochen werden können, sie macht es deutlich transportables als Gold, denn eine Transaktion in egal welcher Höhe kann in sekundenschnelle propagiert werden und sie macht es vor allem deutlich sicherungsfähiger und damit Bitcoins Wert stabiler (nicht in Fiat-Terms, sondern absolut betrachtet), als den von Gold. Dies kann man schön in einem von [Michael Saylor verwendeten Gedankenexperiment](https://whatismoneypodcast.com/episodes/the-saylor-series-episode-4-bitcoin-the-first-digital-monetary-energy-network) darstellen. Man stelle sich dazu vor, es ist 1900 und man möchte eine Milliarde US Dollar in Gold verwahren und zwar so, dass man über diese Menge Gold im Jahre 2000 noch verfügt. (Die Veränderung des Goldpreises in Fiat-Terms über den Zeitraum lassen wir dabei außen vor, wir können sogar annehmen, dass 1 Milliarde Gold im Jahre 1900 im Jahre 2000 den exakt gleichen Wert hat). Hätte man im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert sein Gold z.B. bei Banken in Ländern wie Deutschland, Polen, Russland, China, Japan, Frankreich, oder Ländern der Kontinente Afrikas und Latein Amerikas in Verwahrung gegeben, ist davon auszugehen, dass durch Weltkriege und/oder Bürgerkriege, dieses Gold geraubt, verstaatlicht oder beschlagnahmt worden wäre. Selbst in den USA, Gewinner vieler dieser Kriege und territorial unbeschadet über diese 100 Jahre, gab es in 1933 die Executive Order 6102, die es Bürgern verbot Gold zu besitzen und diese zwang es unter Marktwert an die Regierung zu verkaufen. Einzig in einer Handvoll von Ländern wäre es möglich gewesen, das Gold unbewegt und sicher einzulagern. Also wie hoch ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass man diesen Treffer gelandet hätte? Selbst dort, wo man es unbewegt, also passiv einlagern hätte können, wären über 100 Jahre immense Verwahrgebühren fällig geworden, die den Wert der 1 Milliarde in Gold gesenkt hätten. Realistischer wäre sogar anzunehmen, dass man die Verwahrung des Goldes aktiv hätte überwachen müssen, also von Bank zu Bank, Land zu Land, oder sogar Kontinent zu Kontinent zu verschieben, um externen, (ge-)politischen und anderen Risiken entgegenzuwirken. Dies wäre mit einem weiteren hohen Kostenaufwand verbunden, der den Wert des eingelagerten 1 Milliarden Goldbestands noch weiter geschmälert hätte. Dieses Problem der Sicherung von Werten, insbesondere bei Gold, macht es als Wertspeicher relativ teuer. Bitcoin hat dieses Problem nicht, denn solange rückwärtskompatible Hardware existiert, muss man seinen Bitcoinbestand nur einmal vernünftig und sicher ablegen, um jederzeit und überall auf der Welt darauf zugreifen zu können. Dies soll zeigen, dass PoW nicht nur eine sehr raffinierte Art und Weise darstellt Bitcoin in einem Anreizprozess herzustellen, sondern, dass PoW dabei hilft, den digitalen Wert Bitcoin in der physischen Welt zu verankern, und dabei zeitgleich Eigenschaften erzeugt, die andere Werte nicht besitzen. Das Verankern, bzw. die Verbindung von physischer und digitaler Welt durch die Transformation von Energie in eine höherwertige Form von Energie ist ein bahnbrechender technologischer Fortschritt, der selbst bei vielen Bitcoinern nicht hoch genug gewertet wird. 🫳🎤 --- In diesem Sinne, 2... 1... Risiko!‌ 

@ 468f729d:5ab4fd5e

<div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V_fvmyJ91m0?enablejsapi=1" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>

@ 2063cd79:57bd1320

### Bitcoin ist Zeit und Zeit ist Geld In einem der vorigen Artikel haben wir uns mit den Funktionen und Eigenschaften von Geld befasst. Eine, vielleicht sogar die wichtigste, Funktion von wertvollem und hartem Geld ist Knappheit. Wir haben gesehen, dass Bitcoin die einzige Form von Geld ist, die diese Charakteristik zu 100% erfüllt. > Knappheit bedeutet, dass das Gut, das als Geld benutzt wird, begrenzt ist und nicht ohne weiteres vermehrt werden kann. Bitcoin erfüllt diesen Anspruch, denn > Bitcoin ist auf 21.000.000 begrenzt. Die harte Obergrenze von Bitcoin ist von zentraler Bedeutung für sein Wertversprechen. Alle 2.099.999.997.690.000 Sats werden irgendwann existieren (oder existieren schon - je nach Betrachtungsweise) und darüber hinaus werden keine weiteren Sats produziert. Die einzige andere Ressource, die wir Menschen haben, die uns jedem zur Verfügung steht und zu 100% begrenzt ist, ist unsere Zeit. Ausnahmslos jeder Mensch hat ab dem Moment seiner Geburt ein Zeitfenster in diesem Leben und dieses Zeitfenster - dieses Leben - ist begrenzt. Es hat noch niemand geschafft diese Regel zu brechen, bzw. zu cheaten. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/ea455f3e4de7ea0af74d8521dbee44d0a2cde450e65cc9b1d39cccdcc64d1c5b.gif"> Die Lebensdauer jedes Menschen fällt unterschiedlich aus und ist sogar recht ungerecht verteilt. Es gibt Menschen, die schon sehr, sehr früh nach ihrer Geburt sterben, und es gibt Menschen, die sehr, sehr alt werden. Auf diesem Spektrum von 0 bis ca. 120 Jahren befinden wir Menschen uns alle. Wir können aktiv Einfluss auf unsere Lebenserwartung nehmen, sowohl verlängernde als auch verkürzende Maßnahmen ergreifen, doch eins bleibt bisher immer garantiert: Unsere Zeit ist endlich. Und damit ist sie unser knappstes Gut. Kommen wir nun zurück zum Geld. Wie wir schon gesehen haben, muss Geld drei Funktionen erfüllen: > Es muss als Tausch- oder Zahlungsmittel funktionieren, es sollte ein Wertaufbewahrungsmittel sein und als Recheneinheit dienen. Während man schnell dazu übergeht, bei Geld an die Funktionen von Zahlungsmittel und Recheneinheit zu denken, da diese im täglichen Leben tausendfach vorkommen, ist es besonders die Funktion des Wertaufbewahrungsmittels, die Geld einen besonderen Stellenwert in unserem Leben als Ganzes verleiht. Und da ist sie, die Überschneidung von Geld und unserem Leben, also unserer begrenzten Zeit, auf die ich seit 400 Wörtern hinarbeite 😰 Zeit ist Geld. Jeder kennt diese Redewendung. Im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes bedeutet sie, dass man Zeit in Geld verwandeln kann und dass diejenigen, die Zeit haben auch Geld haben. Man spricht hier irrtümlicherweise auch von "Zeit sparen". Als ob die Möglichkeit bestehe, nicht verbrauchte Zeit zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt abzurufen. Dass dies außerhalb von Momos Welt nicht möglich ist, sollte jedem bewusst sein. Was meint man also damit, wenn man sagt man spart Zeit, oder Zeit ist Geld? Die Funktion des Wertaufbewahrungsmittels von Geld bedeutet erstmal, dass das verwendete Geld seinen Wert durch die Zeit aufrecht erhalten kann. Im allerbesten Falle ist ein Geld von heute auch morgen immer noch ein Geld wert. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/4d054449c77dd6377226faec2bfdf6092ce3fe4d128be23968f7520d01349deb.gif"> Betrachten wir nun unser eigenes, hart begrenztes Zeitfenster, also jenes, das uns gegeben wurde, um auf diesem blauen, lustigen Ball zu verweilen, so wollen wir diese Zeit möglichst würdevoll und möglichst angenehm verbringen. Da das Leben allerdings Geld kostet, sind wir in der Regel gezwungen, solches zu verdienen. Es soll ein paar glückliche Menschen geben, denen dieser Ballast von Geburt an genommen wird, allerdings verhält es sich für das Gros der Menschen so, dass sie für ihren Unterhalt puckeln müssen. Im Idealfall sieht das so aus, dass man bei einem erwartbaren Durchschnittsalter von 80 Jahren, die ersten 20 Jahre damit verbringt zu erlernen, wie das Leben funktioniert und wie man Geld verdient, um dann 40 Jahre lang genau das zu tun und wenn alles gut läuft hat man noch 20 Jahre, um seinen wohlverdienten Ruhestand zu geniessen. Also einfach gesprochen verbringt man 50% seines Lebens damit, 100% seines Zeitfensters zu finanzieren (die ersten 20 Jahre des Lernens finanziert man zwar seinen Nachkommen, hat aber im Gegenzug dafür diese auch fremdfinanziert bekommen). Das bedeutet wiederum, dass man in den 40 Jahren Berufsleben doppelt so viel Geld verdienen muss, wie das eigens gewählte Leben kostet. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/95659d0f7dbf5779eb8313437df5d013a201d36018e2dc7622568350e4e67950.png"> Um auf die Redewendung "Zeit ist Geld" zurückzukommen, bedeutet dies schlicht, dass jeder arbeitende (und damit Geld verdienende) Mensch seine eigene knapp bemessene Zeit in Form von Arbeit zur Verfügung stellt, um Geld zu verdienen. Dies tun wir, da wir Zeit eben nicht sparen können. Wir versuchen sie in einen anderen Aggregatzustand umzuwandeln (Zeit ➡️ Geld), um uns zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt mit diesem Geld unsere Zeit zurückzukaufen. Dies funktioniert zwar nicht im direkten Sinne, also dass wir uns zusätzliche Zeit kaufen, jedoch können wir das Decken laufender Kosten vorfinanzieren und somit, hoffentlich, im Ruhestand leben, ohne unsere laufenden Kosten durch Arbeit decken zu müssen. Wenn alles gut läuft, schaffen wir es sogar unseren gewählten Lebensstandard aufrechtzuerhalten und führen somit ein für unsere subjektiv gesteckten Messpunkte würdevolles und angenehmes Leben. So die Theorie. Denn in der Praxis funktioniert dies nur, wenn es uns möglich ist, unsere Zeit in ein Geld umzuwandeln, das es uns erlaubt, eine Umwandlung von Geld zurück zur Zeit zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt so vorzunehmen, dass wir möglichst wenig verlieren. Dies ist die einzige Aufgabe eines Wertaufbewahrungmittels: Der Erhalt des jetzigen Wertes einer Sache über einen Zeitraum hinweg. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/601ff96a8e60bae2498074b96cd7ffe41cf1a686580d58c88ed006d0d06b37b0.gif"> Praktisch gesprochen besteht dieser Vorgang aus zwei Komponenten. Zuerst müssen wir Geld verdienen, dann müssen wir es sparen. Bestenfalls schaffen wir so viel Geld zu verdienen, dass unsere Einnahmen unsere Ausgaben übersteigen, damit wir überhaupt in der Lage sind, überschüssiges Geld zu sparen. Dann müssen wir ein Wertaufbewahrungsmittel finden, dass es uns erlaubt, diesen Überschuss so zu konservieren, dass wir ihn zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt abrufen können. Über die erste Komponente lässt sich schon genug schreiben, über den gewählten Lebensstandard und die damit einhergehenden Kosten, die (Un-) Gerechtigkeit und Chancenungleichheit beim Erlangen einer Erwerbstätigkeit, etc. blah. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/8d69d37a1179f571ca7c781e7fa50e7fca8be4e3d705df56e470ff4d5da4d2ea.gif"> Die zweite Komponente allerdings ist für unsere Betrachtung die viel entscheidendere. Denn gehen wir davon aus, dass wir zu den glücklichen Wenigen gehören, die es schaffen eine niedrige Zeitpräferenz zu erlangen und Überschüsse in der Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung des Lebens zu erzielen, so bleibt immernoch die grosse Frage offen, wie wir es schaffen sollen, diese Überschüsse zu konservieren, sodass wir sie dann später nutzen können. Und zwar so, dass sie möglichst wenig an Wert verloren haben, oder sogar an Wert zugenommen haben. Genau das ist das Geschäftsmodell von vielen Unternehmen, Institutionen und Schlangenölverkäufern weltweit, die damit werben, unser hart verdientes Geld so anzulegen, dass es später unseren Ruhestand finanziert. Sie wollen uns in ihre undurchsichtigen Finanzierungsmodelle locken, um damit als die eigentlichen Profiteure hervorzugehen. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/0923aa1ae7c91a7e6bf058bd8b0b08f01c091c46216bd87d88d2b1b24fd8d07f.gif"> Ob private oder staatliche Altersvorsorge, Riesterrente, Bausparvertrag, 401k, IRA, fondsgebundene Tralalarente oder Aktion Mensch-Los mit Sofort-Rente, alle Anbieter spielen mit der Sorge der Menschen, dass ihr heute gespartes Geld morgen wohl nicht mehr zur Finanzierung des erträumten Ruhestands reicht. Und warum ist das so? Wegen des effektiven Kaufkraftverlustes unseres aktuellen Geldes. Viel Tinte wurde vergossen, viele Tasten misshandelt, um dieses Thema zu beschreiben, das heute aktueller denn je ist. Denn wenn Geld in einer Fiat-Währung für die zukünftige Verwendung gespeichert wird, verliert es aufgrund der Währungsinflation im Laufe der Zeit an Kaufkraft. Das bedeutet effektiv, dass die investierte Zeit nicht nachhaltig widergespiegelt wird, oder drastischer ausgedrückt: wir haben unsere Zeit verschwendet. Sparen funktioniert also nicht mehr, wie es uns damals im Kindesalter beigebracht wurde. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/948c7ac6662f072a6c0ad927d4c3cebced9ddda2b92314d33bc51c9419dc56a2.png"> Bitcoin fixes this, yay, Bitcoin-Floskel. Aber warum ist das so? Während Fiat-Währungen einem reellen Kaufkraftverlust ausgesetzt sind, der durch Fiskal- und Geldpolitik bedingt ist, ist der Wert von Bitcoin immer gleich. Ein bitcoin = ein bitcoin. Jetzt könnte man natürlich entgegensetzen, dass ein Knopf = ein Knopf. Allerdings lassen sich Knöpfe unendlich nachproduzieren und in Umlauf bringen. Doch wie wir wissen, hat Bitcoin eine harte Obergrenze von 21.000.000 bitcoins. Dies macht Bitcoin wahrscheinlich zum überprüfbar knappsten Gut auf unserer Erde. Selbst unser Zeitfenster könnte mit ein paar Entwicklungssprüngen in der DNA und Molekularforschung vielleicht irgendwann deutlich ausgeweitet, wenn nicht sogar für immer geöffnet werden. Jedoch ist Bitcoins Code unveränderlich: Die 21 Millionen Obergrenze ist in Stein (Code) gemeißelt und damit eignet sich Bitcoin hervorragend als langfristiger Speicher für Zeit. Allein der Umrechnungskurs von Bitcoin in eine lokale, aktuelle oder für den Moment nützliche Währung hängt davon ab, wie viel Zeit man in einen anderen Wert umwandeln kann. Doch auch dies ist ein Feature und kein Bug. Denn jeder Arbeitstag, den ich heute in Euro oder US Dollar "spare" (besser: umwandle), ist komplett verloren, wenn diese Fiat-Währung zu einem Zeitpunkt x nicht mehr existiert. Dann ist es doch von Vorteil, wenn man seine Zeit in einen neutralen Aggregatzustand umwandeln kann, der sich in Zukunft beliebig in die benötigte aktuell brauchbare Recheneinheit / Währung transformieren lässt. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/cc2e3f8b7d1a39495c2f6e151a662489d06af2d055cf48f6ed117757b42c76e6.png"> https://storeoftime.com/ Andersherum lässt sich argumentieren, dass das Währungspaar nicht BTC/USD oder BTC/EUR ist, sondern direkt ZEIT/BTC. Man ermittelt also den Wert von Zeit direkt in einer Bitcoin-Ausdrucksweise, die in Zukunft sogar festgesetzt werden könnte und damit die ultimative Währungseinheit darstellen würde. ### Bitcoin verstehen Bitcoin ist nicht nur Zeit im Sinne von umgewandelter Zeit in Geldmenge, sondern als reeller Zeitaufwand, um Bitcoin zu verstehen und Bitcoin für sich selbst begreifbar zu machen. Auch diese Definition von Zeit ist wiedermals für jeden Menschen subjektiv und dem eigenen Empfinden nach zu bemessen. Was jedoch nicht von der Hand zu weisen ist, ist dass es einen gewissen Mindestaufwand von Zeit, ob mit der Lektüre verschiedener Texte, dem Austausch mit Gleichgesinnten, dem tatsächlichen Ausprobieren und Erlernen der mechanischen Abläufe, etc. bedarf, um Bitcoin zu begreifen. Niemand wird jemals Bitcoin in seiner Gänze, seiner Tragweite oder seiner Wirkung vollständig verstehen, allerdings bin ich fest davon überzeugt, dass es diesen einen Punkt gibt, an dem bei jedem an Bitcoin interessierten Menschen ein gewisser Aha!-Moment eintritt, an dem viele Puzzleteile mit einem Mal ein Bild ergeben. Dieser Moment tritt bei manchen sehr früh, bei manchen eher später ein, jedoch eint alle Bitcoiner und Bitcoin-verstehende Menschen dieser eine Moment, den es nur zu erreichen möglich ist, wenn ein gewisses Maß von Zeit investiert wurde. Dieser Moment lässt sich nicht erklären und muss von jedem Menschen selbst erlebt werden, um ihn zu verstehen. Damit kann er nicht erkauft oder erschlichen werden, sondern lässt sich nur in Form von aufgebrachter Zeit erreichen. Damit trägt Bitcoin eine weitere Zeitkomponente in sich, die weder im Whitepaper, noch im Code, noch in später veröffentlichten Texten Satoshis festgehalten oder gar definiert wurde. Jedoch wage ich zu behaupten, dass es niemanden gibt, der/die Bitcoin begriffen hat und von sich sagt, diesen Moment der Klarheit, der Offenbarung, nicht erlebt zu haben. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/6f2b18880c3c6c5ce5ba4ad4203570745429d3324673ef146ce06059b6e918e9.gif"> ### Bitcoin hat sein eigenes Verständnis von Zeit Zeit ist ein sehr tiefgründiges und subjektives Konstrukt. Es gibt die Uhrzeit, also eine Zahl, die uns anzeigt, wie weit der jeweilige Tag vorangeschritten ist. Der Kalender misst auch Uhrzeit, nur eben nicht in Form von Stunden, Minuten und Sekunden, sondern in Monaten, Wochen und Tagen. Und dann gibt es noch Jahre. Wohingegen Sekunden, Minuten, Stunden, Tage, Wochen und Monate begrenzt sind - es gibt z.B. nur 12 Monate, dann fangen wir wieder von vorne an zu zählen, ist die Anzahl von Jahren keinem Zyklus unterworfen. Es wird immer weiter gezählt. Natürlich gibt es Dekaden, Jahrhunderte, Jahrtausende, etc., doch sind diese nur Recheneinheiten, die das Zählen von Jahren vereinfachen. In unserem System gibt es ein Jahr null und seit dem zählen wir vorwärts (wenn man davon absieht, dass sich jemand vor 400 Jahren das Jahr null ausgedacht hat und seit dem alles zurückgerechnet wurde, aber wir wollen mal nicht kleinlich sein) und alles was vor diesem Jahr null liegt, wird rückwärts gezählt. Dem Weihnachtshasen sei Dank 🙏 Genauso willkürlich, wie diese Zeiterfassung festgelegt wurde, verhält es sich bei Bitcoin auch. Denn Bitcoins innerer Maschinenraum ist eigentlich nichts anderes als eine eigenwillige und nutzungsbezogene Uhr. Die Bitcoin-Blockchain ist eigentlich eine Timechain, ein sogenannter Timestamp-Server. Wie schon mehrmals erwähnt, findet man das Wort 'Blockchain' in Satoshis Whitepaper nicht ein einziges Mal. Dafür findet man bereits im vierten Satz den Begriff 'Timestamp'. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/e17ff4438d64816e078ee4905efa8b5e4ed7251b185e9e154fcc0164a67f9e3d.gif"> Da Zeit ein recht flexibler Begriff ist und die Zeitmessung vom jeweiligen Nutzen oder dem Erfüllen eines Ziels abhängig ist, ist es besonders schwierig, ein allgemeingültiges System zu wählen. Zeit kann in vielen Formen dargestellt werden, von "Jetzt bis kein Bock mehr", oder "Anno Pief und Dazumal" gibt es etliche Redewendungen, die zeigen, dass Zeit gefühlt wird und nicht gemessen wird. Doch wenn man ein global funktionierendes dezentrales Netzwerk errichten möchte, dass darauf basiert seine eigene Wahrheit zu speichern, ohne auf Dritte angewiesen zu sein und alle Transaktionen so zu speichern, dass sie nachvollzogen und validiert werden können, bedarf es eines Zeitmessungsmechanismus. Und dieser muss absolut fehlerfrei sein und darf keine Latenz zulassen, da sonst Raum für Schummeleien geboten wäre. Was eignet sich da also besser, als ein eigener, eigens für diesen besonderen Zweck erdachter Mechanismus zum Festhalten von Geschehnissen? Diese Geschehnisse werden vom System mit einem Zeitstempel versehen, der unmissverständlich macht, welche Reihenfolge von Geschehnissen die eine Wahrheit ausmacht, der alle Netzwerkteilnehmer vertrauen. Gigi hat sich dem Thema in seinem neuen Buch deutlich detaillierter gewidmet und ich empfehle jedem/r die Lektüre dieses Kapitels: https://21-ways.com/2/ ### Fazit Bitcoin ist nicht nur Zeit. Bitcoin misst die Zeit in seiner eigenen Weise. Bitcoin verlangt Zeit von uns, damit wir es begreifen, aber Bitcoin hilft uns, den Wert unserer Zeit einzufangen. Damit ist Bitcoin sowohl das Metronom, das seinen eigenen Takt angibt, strenger Lehrer, der Aufwand fordert, um Exzellenz zu erreichen, als auch Tresor oder Akku, der aufgebrachter Zeit einen Wert beimisst, und diesen Wert zu speichern vermag. Tick, tock, next Block! 🫳🎤 --- In diesem Sinne, 2... 1... Risiko!‌ 

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

As I look back on my predictions for Nostr in 2024, it’s clear I had some hits and misses. I believe my first two predictions were spot on, accurately reflecting the trends and developments we witnessed. However, my second two predictions missed the mark, proving to be far less accurate. Maybe I was too bullish? nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzq0mhp4ja8fmy48zuk5p6uy37vtk8tx9dqdwcxm32sy8nsaa8gkeyqyghwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2tcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcqypsm9tk39g20atwqskvjcvhq7rher5nkgwjr05lzspne4gf0uvyxukew5mg What did I get right? Clients did increasingly prioritize user and content discovery while enabling users to easily select and choose their own algorithms. (DVMs, Trending, What's Hot, Feeds, etc.) This focus provided individuals with more tools, greater control, and unprecedented power over their social streams and attention than ever before. This is still actively happening and will continue to happen throughout 2025 too. What did I get wrong? We didn't see an Other Stuff application breakthrough as a clear winner that became a mainstream favorite. I anticipated a standout application that would interest users and become a "must-use" within the ecosystem, but this didn’t happen. And we also clearly didn't hit 1M active users either. While adoption did increase, it didn’t reach the critical mass I expected. But this doesn't mean 2024 fell short of expectations—in fact, quite the opposite. The year brought incredible client innovations (Damus Notedeck, Primal 2.0, TOR only Amethyst, Flotilla, Chachi, Olas, Coracle feeds, etc.) and relay milestones (Web-of-Trust relays, private relays, algorithm based relays, etc.) with the introduction of these innovative features and the launch of these new platforms. Beyond technology, the Nostr community achieved something truly remarkable: a grassroots movement that united people globally. From supporting Nostr meetups and events to hosting booths across continents at major conferences, the community came together to raise money to support these initiatives in ways no one predicted. This organic, ground-up effort showcased the strength and passion behind Nostr, creating a foundation that will #grownostr and success for years to come. Too bullish? Maybe I wasn't bullish enough? As is tradition, I will post my 2025 predictions tomorrow.

@ f9cf4e94:96abc355

Na era das grandes navegações, piratas ingleses eram autorizados pelo governo para roubar navios. A única coisa que diferenciava um pirata comum de um corsário é que o último possuía a “Carta do Corso”, que funcionava como um “Alvará para o roubo”, onde o governo Inglês legitimava o roubo de navios por parte dos corsários. É claro, que em troca ele exigia uma parte da espoliação. Bastante similar com a maneira que a Receita Federal atua, não? Na verdade, o caso é ainda pior, pois o governo fica com toda a riqueza espoliada, e apenas repassa um mísero salário para os corsários modernos, os agentes da receita federal. Porém eles “justificam” esse roubo ao chamá-lo de imposto, e isso parece acalmar os ânimos de grande parte da população, mas não de nós. Não é por acaso que 'imposto' é o particípio passado do verbo 'impor'. Ou seja, é aquilo que resulta do cumprimento obrigatório -- e não voluntário -- de todos os cidadãos. Se não for 'imposto' ninguém paga. Nem mesmo seus defensores. Isso mostra o quanto as pessoas realmente apreciam os serviços do estado. Apenas volte um pouco na história: os primeiros pagadores de impostos eram fazendeiros cujos territórios foram invadidos por nômades que pastoreavam seu gado. Esses invasores nômades forçavam os fazendeiros a lhes pagar uma fatia de sua renda em troca de "proteção". O fazendeiro que não concordasse era assassinado. Os nômades perceberam que era muito mais interessante e confortável apenas cobrar uma taxa de proteção em vez de matar o fazendeiro e assumir suas posses. Cobrando uma taxa, eles obtinham o que necessitavam. Já se matassem os fazendeiros, eles teriam de gerenciar por conta própria toda a produção da fazenda. Daí eles entenderam que, ao não assassinarem todos os fazendeiros que encontrassem pelo caminho, poderiam fazer desta prática um modo de vida. Assim nasceu o governo. Não assassinar pessoas foi o primeiro serviço que o governo forneceu. Como temos sorte em ter à nossa disposição esta instituição! Assim, não deixa de ser curioso que algumas pessoas digam que os impostos são pagos basicamente para impedir que aconteça exatamente aquilo que originou a existência do governo. O governo nasceu da extorsão. Os fazendeiros tinham de pagar um "arrego" para seu governo. Caso contrário, eram assassinados. Quem era a real ameaça? O governo. A máfia faz a mesma coisa. Mas existe uma forma de se proteger desses corsários modernos. Atualmente, existe uma propriedade privada que NINGUÉM pode tirar de você, ela é sua até mesmo depois da morte. É claro que estamos falando do Bitcoin. Fazendo as configurações certas, é impossível saber que você tem bitcoin. Nem mesmo o governo americano consegue saber. #brasil #bitcoinbrasil #nostrbrasil #grownostr #bitcoin

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Remarkably, I have yet to post about how awesome Brock Bowers has been this year. I was very down on the Bowers pick in the draft. The Raiders took a premier TE in the previous draft and had serious needs at other positions. I'm happy to take a major L on that reaction. - Bowers is already the best TE in the league and one of the best receivers. - No rookie tight end has ever had more receiving yards and we still have another game to play. - No rookie at any position has ever caught more passes than Bowers and we still have another game to play. - No Raider has ever caught more passes than Bowers and we still have another game to play. Six Hall of Fame wide receivers and one Hall of Fame tight end have played for the Raiders, plus Davante Adams and Darren Waller (the previous franchise record holder). Since he plays for the Raiders, Bowers did this in anything but a stable situation. He's already had three QB's and two OC's this season. On the season, Bowers has 108 receptions for 1144 yards and 4 touch downs. This guy is goddamn incredible and they need to give him a franchise QB with a real OC. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/830318

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

With another win, the Silver and Black slide further down the draft board. Are the hopes of landing a top QB dashed? # Mock Draft 8th Pick: QB Shedeur Sanders! 39th Pick: OT Cameron Williams 69th Pick (nice): CB Maxwell Hairston 70th Pick: DE L.T. Overton 106th Pick: RB Nick Singleton 146th Pick: DT Howard Cross III 183rd Pick: WR Jaylin Noel 212th Pick: OG Luke Kandra 216th Pick: S Dante Trader Jr 223rd Pick: WR Jaylin Lane Jalen Milroe was still available at 39, so even if Sanders is unrealistic at 8th, we might be able to get our QB in the 2nd round. DE isn't really a major need, but a 2nd round graded edge rusher falling into the third is a nice pick up. No one jumped out as the obvious choice for the final pick, so I took a 2nd WR named Jaylin. If nothing else, that's sort of fun. I'd be very happy if they could pull off this draft. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/830074

@ 30ceb64e:7f08bdf5

I've been working 28 hours a week on the weekends as a Direct service professional, assisting adults with autism and intellectual disabilities. I've brought my laptop freaks. There's enough downtime for me to work on obtaining certifications online, posts to SN and Nostr, and work on my coding project Nostr Run Club. I work with 2 normies on saturday and sunday, and had the bright idea of pitching my app to them. Here is how the conversation went. Hustle: Hey do you guys want to see what i'm working on? Normie 1: Sure.... Normie 2: "Comes around to curiously investigate" ***The Pitch Hustle: Alright, so.....what social media do you use? Normie 1: Instagram. Hustle: Alright so....I'm making a running app. Imagine logging in with instagram, and seeing a feed of all of the runners and all of your friends. Now, what music streaming service do you use? Normie 1: Pandora Normie 2: Spotify Hustle: Cool, so imagine seeing your pandora and Spotify liked songs and playlists in the running app. So the app can track your run, its connected to your social media and streaming platform, and people can send you small donations congratulating you for the run. Normie 1 and 2: Ahh, that's cool. Normie 2: But why would people send you money? Oh? I think I've seen something like it where people send you a star and the star can be redeemed for like 99 cents, or they send you points and the app rewards you for points. Hustle: Nah. That parts already figured out, I'm just having trouble getting the music from "Spotify" to play, and then I'll release it into the wild, that's pretty much my hustle. And that was the conversation, it left me thinking about a few things. 1. V4V The concept is extremely familiar to me. I say good Morning I get 50 cents. I give 35 cents to other GM freaks and keep it pushing. Its normal. But for them the concept seemed so strange, they were looking for some solution or explanation on why people would just give someone else money for seemingly nothing. When the solution is already here, just not evenly distributed or promoted or adopted. Likely because the normies are still existing in the paradox of card companies and ravenous third party intermediaries imposing their cut. 2. The broken social media landscape of disconnected walled gardens I was thinking normie one would say Facebook, if asked normie 2 would've said snapchat, Tik Tok, Instagram etc. for music they could've said apple music, tidal, Youtube music etc. I see Nostr as a highway that connects all of these guys, and instead of buying multiple cars to travel on different streets, you have one car that you use to travel across the country. 3. The tact required to pitch ideas like Nostr and bitcoin I used to work at bank of America and was tasked to sell credit cards without saying the word credit card..... I would say "Hello, good sir/mam, have you thought about getting rewarded for your daily purchases??" I found myself in a familiar situation, introducing them to Nostr without using the word Nostr and introducing them to bitcoin without using the word inevitable. The experience was stranger for me than it was for them, they left thinking "Ahh, thats neat" I walked away from the conversation eager to get notify the freaks. In Conclusion, The interaction gave me a few interesting insights: 1. We'll need to bridge the conceptual gap between traditional and new payment paradigms. 2. The importance of focusing on user benefits rather than technical details 3. The market opportunity for solutions that unify fragmented digital services 4. The value of strategic communication that meets users where they are Successful adoption of new technologies like Nostr and Bitcoin requires careful attention to user education and communication, focusing on practical benefits rather than technical features. The positive reception to the core concept, even without understanding the underlying technology, shows huge potential for mainstream adoption when presented appropriately. Thanks, Hustle originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/829000

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Let's hear some of your latest Bitcoin purchases, feel free to include links to the shops or merchants you bought from too. If you missed our last thread, [here](https://stacker.news/items/820204/r/AG) are some of the items stackers recently spent their sats on. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/828556

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

#### **🆕 What's changed:** ----------- - [New bonus guide dedicated to install/upgrade/uninstall PostgreSQL](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/postgresql) - [Modified the LND guide to use PostgreSQL instead of bbolt](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client) - [Modified the Nostr relay guide to use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite (experimental)](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/nostr-relay#configuration) - [Modified the BTCPay Server bonus guide according to these changes](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/btcpay-server) - Used the [lndinit MiniBolt org fork](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/lndinit), to add an [extra section to migrate an existing LND bbolt database to PostgreSQL](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) (🚨⚠️[Experimental](https://github.com/lightninglabs/lndinit/pull/21) - use it behind your responsibility⚠️🚨) - [New Golang bonus guide](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/go) as a common language for the [lndinit compile](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) - [Updated LND to v0.18](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#download-binaries) - [New Bitcoin Core extra section to renovate Tor & I2P addresses](https://v2.minibolt.info/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoin-client#renovate-your-bitcoin-core-tor-and-i2p-addresses) - [New Bitcoin Core extra section to generate a full `bitcoin.conf` file](https://v2.minibolt.info/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoin-client#generate-a-full-bitcoin.conf-example-file) - [Rebuilt some homepage sections and general structure](https://v2.minibolt.info/) - Deleted the `$` symbol of the commands to easy copy-paste to the terminal - [Deleted the initial incoming and the outgoing rules configuration of UFW, due to it being by default](https://v2.minibolt.info/system/system/security) 🪧 PD: If you want to use the old database backend of the LND or Nostr relay, follow the next extra sections: - [Use the default bbolt database backend for the LND](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#use-the-default-bbolt-database-backend) - [Use the default SQLite database backend for the Nostr relay](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/nostr-relay#use-the-default-sqlite-database-backend) ⚠️**Attention**⚠️: [The migration process](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) was tested on testnet mode from an existing bbolt database backend to a new PostgreSQL database using lndinit and the results were successful. However, It wasn't tested on mainnet, [according to the developer](https://github.com/lightninglabs/lndinit/pull/21), it is in experimental status which could damage your existing LND database.🚨 Use it behind your responsibility 🧼 **🔧 PR related**: https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/pull/93 ----------- #### ♻️ Migrate the PostgreSQL database location **If you installed [NBXplorer + BTCPay Server](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/btcpay-server)**, it is probably you have the database of the PostgreSQL cluster on the default path (`/var/lib/postgresql/16/main/`), follow the next instructions to migrate it to the new dedicated location on `/data/postgresdb` folder: * With user `admin` create the dedicated PostgreSQL data folder ``` sudo mkdir /data/postgresdb ``` * Assign as the owner to the `postgres` user ``` sudo chown postgres:postgres /data/postgresdb ``` * Assign permissions of the data folder only to the `postgres` user ``` sudo chmod -R 700 /data/postgresdb ``` * Stop NBXplorer and BTCPay Server ``` sudo systemctl stop nbxplorer && sudo systemctl stop btcpayserver ``` * Stop PostgreSQL ``` sudo systemctl stop postgresql ``` * Use the rsync command to copy all files from the existing database on (`/var/lib/postgresql/16/main`) to the new destination directory (`/data/postgresdb`) ``` sudo rsync -av /var/lib/postgresql/16/main/ /data/postgresdb/ ``` Expected output: ``` sending incremental file list ./ PG_VERSION postgresql.auto.conf postmaster.opts postmaster.pid base/ base/1/ base/1/112 base/1/113 base/1/1247 base/1/1247_fsm base/1/1247_vm base/1/1249 base/1/1249_fsm base/1/1249_vm [...] pg_wal/000000010000000000000009 pg_wal/archive_status/ pg_xact/ pg_xact/0000 sent 164,483,875 bytes received 42,341 bytes 36,561,381.33 bytes/sec total size is 164,311,368 speedup is 1.00 ``` * Edit the PostgreSQL data directory on configuration, to redirect the store to the new location ``` sudo nano /etc/postgresql/16/main/postgresql.conf --linenumbers ``` * Replace the line 42 to this. Save and exit ``` data_directory = '/data/postgresdb' ``` * Start PostgreSQL to apply changes and monitor the correct status of the main instance and sub-instance monitoring sessions before ``` sudo systemctl start postgresql ``` * You can monitor the PostgreSQL main instance by the systemd journal and check the log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit the monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C ``` journalctl -fu postgresql ``` Example of the expected output: ``` Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL RDBMS. Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL RDBMS... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS. ``` * You can monitor the PostgreSQL sub-instance by the systemd journal and check log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C ``` journalctl -fu postgresql@16-main ``` Example of the expected output: ``` Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main... Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Succeeded. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Consumed 1h 10min 8.677s CPU time. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main. ``` * Start NBXplorer and BTCPay Server again ``` sudo systemctl start nbxplorer && sudo systemctl start btcpayserver ``` * Monitor to make sure everything is as you left it. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C ``` journalctl -fu nbxplorer ``` ``` journalctl -fu btcpayserver ``` Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

A step-by-step guide to building a Bitcoin & Lightning node, and other stuff on a **personal computer**. ~ > It builds on a personal computer with **x86/amd64** architecture processors. ~> It is based on the popular [RaspiBolt v3](https://raspibolt.org) guide. --- **Those are some of the most relevant changes:** * Changed OS from Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bits) to ***Ubuntu Server LTS*** (Long term support) 64-bit PC (AMD64). * Changed binaries and signatures of the programs to adapt them to ***x86/amd64 architecture***. * Deleted unnecessary tools and steps, and added others according to this case of use. * Some useful authentication logs and monitoring commands were added in the security section. * Added some interesting parameters in the settings of some services to activate and take advantage of new features. * Changed I2P, Fulcrum, and ThunderHub guides, to be part of the core guide. * Added exclusive optimization section of services for slow devices. ~ > Complete release notes MiniBolt v1: [https://github.com/twofaktor/minibolt/releases/tag/1.0](https://github.com/twofaktor/minibolt/releases/tag/1.0) ~ > The [MiniBolt](https://minibolt.info) guide is available at: [https://minibolt.info](https://minibolt.info) ~ > Feel free to contribute to the [source code on GitHub](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt) by opening [issues](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/issues), [pull requests](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/pulls) or [discussions](https://github.com/orgs/minibolt-guide/discussions) --- Created by [⚡2 FakTor⚡](nostr:npub1k9luehc8hg3c0upckdzzvusv66x3zt0eyw7290kclrpsndepz92sfcpp63) Telegram groups: * [English](https://t.me/minibolt) * [Spanish](https://t.me/minibolt_es)

@ 623ed218:fa549249

It's been a week or so since I wrote this piece and put it up on my website, but I realized I hadn't shared it here yet. Hoping it's informative! Strike Bill Pay: A Deep Dive ============================  ### Start With the Foundation: Bitcoin is Savings Technology If you've spent any time in this space, you've probably heard the phrase: *Bitcoin is savings technology.* That's because Bitcoin solves a very specific problem---the inability of fiat to hold value over time. Here's the reality: - Every dollar you hold in a bank account is being debased, slowly (or sometimes rapidly) losing its purchasing power. - Inflation might be "only" 3-4% a year right now (if you believe the official numbers), but that adds up. Over a decade, that $10,000 in savings doesn't just stagnate---it sublimates. Bitcoin fixes this. - Bitcoin is scarce, decentralized, and deflationary. - It's not controlled by governments or central banks, and its supply is capped at 21 million. No one can "print" more Bitcoin. If you're holding fiat in a savings account, you're playing a game you can't win. Bitcoin is the better tool for preserving value over time. ### Why Savings First? Before looking at how you spend, it's worth considering where you're storing your wealth. If your savings are sitting in fiat, they're slowly losing purchasing power over time---that's just how the system works. Bitcoin offers an alternative: a way to protect your wealth in something scarce and reliable. Once you've addressed that piece---and your savings are no longer being held in melting fiat---you might start asking: *What about the money in my checking account?* That's where Strike Bill Pay comes in. It's a simple, practical tool that connects your Bitcoin savings to the everyday expenses you still need to handle in fiat, removing the need to hold fiat to pay fiat bills. ### The Spending Problem: Why a Bridge is Necessary Here's where things get practical. Even if you're saving in Bitcoin, you still live in a world where bills---rent, mortgages, utilities, credit cards---are denominated in fiat. What do you do? - You could hold some fiat in your bank to cover bills, but now you're back to the problem of fiat exposure. - You could convert Bitcoin to fiat every time you need to pay something, but trust me when I say that manual process is tedious and time consuming. This creates a gap: Bitcoin is where you want to save your wealth. Fiat is where you still need to *spend* your wealth. You need a bridge. Strike Bill Pay is that bridge. It lets you hold your value in Bitcoin while seamlessly paying fiat-denominated bills. No headaches, no extra steps, and no need to rely on a traditional bank account. ### How Strike Bill Pay Works (It's Simpler Than You Think) Here's the beauty of Strike: it integrates directly into the traditional system *without requiring you to deal with it.* *Here's how it works:* Strike Provides a Standard Bank Account - When you open a Strike account, you get a routing number and an account number tied to Cross River Bank. It works exactly like a regular checking account. You Set Up Bill Payments - For any bill that allows automatic payments, simply enter the Cross River Bank routing/account number Strike gives you. Your mortgage, utilities, subscriptions---these can all pull funds automatically from Strike. - For bills you pay manually (like credit cards), add the Strike-provided account as an external payment source. When you go to make a payment, simply select that account as the funding source. Strike Converts Bitcoin to Fiat on the Backend - You don't have to worry about manually selling Bitcoin for fiat. When the bill gets paid, Strike automatically sells the exact amount of Bitcoin needed to cover the payment. It's seamless. You save in Bitcoin and Strike handles the fiat side when you need it. ### Start Small: Test the Waters, Then Scale Now, I get it---this might sound like a big leap if you're new to the idea of using Bitcoin. You don't need to move all your bills over to Strike at once. Start small. - Pick one bill---something low-stakes, like a utility payment or a monthly subscription. - Add your Strike-provided account as the payment source. - Let it run. What happens? - Your bill gets paid. - You experience how smooth the process is. - You start seeing the benefit of holding Bitcoin without having to juggle fiat for bills. Why Start Small?\ This isn't about forcing you to flip a switch overnight. It's about building comfort with tools that let you take control of your money. When you see how simple it is, you may find you'll want to scale up. ### Strike's Fee Tiers: Low Costs That Get Even Lower One of the practical benefits of using Strike is its straightforward fee structure. Strike charges a standard 0.99% fee when converting Bitcoin to fiat and vice-versa. But here's where it gets interesting: the more you use the service, the lower your fees become. Strike's fee tiers are designed to reward activity: - The more you deposit and spend through Strike, the closer you get to a lower fee tier. - Regular bill payments, purchases, and deposits all contribute toward lowering your fee rate. Why It Matters: When you're living on Bitcoin---covering bills, expenses, and purchases---those fees can add up. Strike incentivizes regular usage by giving you a clear path to reducing costs. The result? Your bill-paying process becomes not only seamless but also more efficient and cost-effective over time. If you're managing everything---mortgage, utilities, credit cards---through Strike, it's likely you'll hit lower tiers quickly, making the service even more competitive. ### For Bitcoiners: Completing the Savings-to-Spending Loop If you're already holding Bitcoin as savings, Strike Bill Pay is the final piece. It lets you operate entirely in Bitcoin while still managing your fiat-denominated obligations. Here's why it matters: - Opting Out: If the majority of your wealth is in Bitcoin, why leave even a small amount in a checking account? Strike eliminates the need for that fiat buffer. - Automation and Ease: Bills that pull automatically? Easy. Manual payments? Just as simple. - Seamless Spending: No awkward conversions, no multiple steps. Strike lets you "spend Bitcoin" without all the extra steps. It's the bridge that completes the Bitcoin-first financial strategy. ### Flexibility: Adjust Your Strategy as Conditions Change One of the best parts about Strike is that it's flexible. If you feel the need to keep some fiat on the side, it's as simple as pressing a few buttons. - Bull Market Strategy: Hold Bitcoin all month, let it appreciate, and let Strike convert as bills are due. - Bear Market Strategy: If you're cautious, hold fiat in Strike temporarily and stack sats with what's left at the end of the month. Strike gives you the tools to adapt your strategy---no friction, no complexity. ### Taxes: How Strike Simplifies Year-End Reporting When using Bitcoin to pay bills, it's important to understand the tax implications. In the United States, Bitcoin is considered property by the IRS. This means that any time Bitcoin is converted to fiat (like when Strike pays a bill for you), it's a taxable event. Here's how it works: - If the value of your Bitcoin has increased since you acquired it, you owe capital gains taxes on the difference (the "gain") when it's converted to fiat to pay a bill. - If there's no appreciation---or if you're converting at a loss---there's no capital gain to tax. Example: - You bought $500 worth of Bitcoin. - When it's time to pay a bill, that Bitcoin is now worth $600. - If you use Strike to pay the bill, you'll only owe capital gains taxes on the $100 gain. Conversely: - If you bought $500 worth of Bitcoin, and by the time you use it to pay a bill, it's worth $450, you can report a capital loss instead. How Strike Helps: Strike simplifies this entire process by providing: - Year-End Tax Documents: Strike generates clear reports showing each transaction. - Easy Access: These tax documents can be downloaded directly from the Strike app, making it easy to share them with your accountant or upload them to tax software. Why This Matters: Keeping track of Bitcoin transactions manually can feel overwhelming. With Strike, all the reporting is done for you, so you can stay compliant without stress. Whether you're dealing with gains, losses, or flat conversions, Strike helps you navigate taxes with transparency and simplicity. ### Bringing It All Together Bitcoin is savings tech. It fixes the root problem---where you store your wealth. Strike Bill Pay is the tool that lets you: - Save in Bitcoin without compromise. - Pay fiat bills seamlessly without relying on a traditional bank. - Start small, test the waters, and scale at your own pace. ### Final Thought: Build the Future, One Bill at a Time Here's my challenge to you: - Pick one bill. - Add your Strike-provided account as the payment source. - Run it for a month and see how it feels. You don't need to jump in all at once. But as you experience the benefits--- no friction, and no headaches---you might find yourself wondering: *Why don't I use this for all my fiat needs?* Strike Bill Pay isn't about forcing change. It's about offering you tools that work better. Save in Bitcoin, spend seamlessly, and start building a future where your money works for you---not against you. Block 875215 - MSK 943 Digging Deeper: =============== ### Hey there, I hope you enjoyed this read! If you did, and would like to read more of my barks, follow the links below! - Curious how I found Bitcoin? Read ["Paw Prints to the Timechain"](https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/paw-prints-to-the-timechain/#wbb1 "https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/paw-prints-to-the-timechain/#wbb1") - Bitcoin meets psychology? I touch on this in ["Maslow's Apex"](https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/maslows-apex/#wbb1 "https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/maslows-apex/#wbb1") - Want to understand the basics of Bitcoin? Read ["Bitcoin Best Practice"](https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/bitcoin-best-practice/#wbb1 "https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/bitcoin-best-practice/#wbb1") - If you like seeing bad media takes unpacked, check out ["Pup's Double-Takes"](https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/Pups-Double-Takes/#wbb1 "https://bitcoinbarks.com/Barks/Pups-Double-Takes/#wbb1") ### External Resources: - Want to earn rewards on your mortgage? [Use my referral to earn 20,000 free sats at sign up!](https://use.foldapp.com/r/7KYTK4CP "https://use.foldapp.com/r/7KYTK4CP") - Do you like sharing Bitcoin content and earning sats for doing so? [Join me at Stacker.news!](https://stacker.news/r/bitcoin_pup "https://stacker.news/r/bitcoin_pup") ...Woof! ======== [](https://primal.net/p/npub1vgldyxx7syc30qm9v7padnnfpdfp4zwymsyl9ztzuklaf7j5jfyspk36wu) originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/828031

@ dca6e1cc:ea7d1750

Hello people, I built a web application that I'd like to share with you. I'd love for people to test it and share feedback. No, it doesn't integrate anything Bitcoin related...yet. It's only optimised for desktop at the moment. Not ideal for mobile use yet. It's a note taking and management app. I created it because I take a lot of notes and none of the apps out there are to my liking. Most of them are too complicated, distracting, and so forth. I think my app is ideal for keeping my back log from growing out of control... "Dynamic notes that burn your backlog. Your notes, zapped." [Zapnotes.app](https://zapnotes.app/) Thanks for checking it out! originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/827912

@ 30ceb64e:7f08bdf5

I've been listening to this small playlist over and over again this week. Ivy keeps getting me. I'm having fun making these things https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=yNPfvgFEXuk&si=HjUdZxXKkGfqabk8 https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=LyRJfs-Qn70&si=2ugksRTltXATqHVo https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=XkpAE8ZZ6bU&si=WwWopN-YMLGguFiB https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=VIcQreSskyM&si=Ewza3W6SOkRDWF1E https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=5xm8Q-1cOpU&si=GeQv3Kum_TV9H6KD https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=xYM-aZG9QbE&si=fwfzIFLAyVumnTs4 https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=r7JWHuGFUeI&si=MqoFBqvb0iI7pAAY https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=GjnjUHY8MiM&si=F_Aepjxc_g2SH7UG https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=sgjTb7UQe2A&si=04wik3m5LefpbGMV https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=SMOund_uFTk&si=v7sa3XxchH607d0Y https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmYfnnK_Qs5jpv5hKuBKFOEvMnPFl3vto&si=Dkudss84jFszdGmj Thanks Anon, Hustle originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/827883

@ 30ceb64e:7f08bdf5

A recent conversation with fellow Bitcoiners prompted me to share this overview of Nostr tools. While you don't need to use everything, understanding the ecosystem helps paint a picture of where we're heading. I often hear people say "I'm posting to the void" or "My feed is boring" or "I'm not earning any bitcoin" or "It's too complicated." Let me address these concerns with a comprehensive overview. ### Core Clients and Features Primal and Amethyst are currently the best daily drivers. Theyre both valid twitter replacements with primal focusing on user friendliness and amethyst focusing on being more feature rich. Both apps feature an algorithm marketplace (we call them DVMs) where you can choose from various feed styles. Soon, anyone will be able to create and share their own algorithms. For additional feed customization, Listr.lol lets you curate lists of npubs to further refine your experience. ### Content and Rewards Stacker News (SN) integrates beautifully with Nostr. Cross-post your SN content to appear as longform notes on platforms like Highlighter, Yakihonne, and Habla.news. SN's rewards system pays out satoshis for quality content, bridging their closed platform with Nostr's open network. ### Payments and Zaps For zaps, I recommend CoinOS, or AlbyHub for a more sovereign alternative. CoinOS is non kyc and gives you a lightning address and NWC connection string to throw into your nostr clients. CoinOS supports e-cash and Bolt 12, Liquid, and can auto-withdraw earnings to cold storage. You can use coinOs as a PWA or input the connection string into Alby Go for a more minimal wallet alternative. ### Security and App Management Android users should use zap.store for downloading Nostr apps. It verifies app authenticity and implements Web of Trust features, showing which trusted npubs use each app. For managing multiple apps, Pokey provides a unified notification dashboard. Amber (Android) offers secure client login without exposing your nsec, while Citrine lets you run a relay on your phone for data backup. ### Creator Tools - Wavlake: Spotify alternative with open music graph - Fountain: Podcast app with Nostr integration - Zap.stream: Live streaming - Nostr.build: Media hosting - Cypher.space: Website creation with integrated marketplace - Olas: Instagram alternative - Gifbuddy.lol: Gif creation - memeamigo.lol: Meme creation - Zappadd: Promotional tools ### Making the Most of Nostr The key to Nostr is understanding that nothing is force-fed. You're responsible for: - Creating your desired feed - Choosing your client - Selecting your relays - Managing your wallet - Curating who you follow For best results, go all in: 1. Leave traditional social media 2. Use Primal and or Amethyst as your main client 3. Follow 1000 npubs 4. Set up CoinOS for payments 5. Engage daily with the community ### Future Outlook Some ask if Nostr is truly decentralized, censorship-resistant, or profitable. My response: the user experience will become so good that most internet users will naturally gravitate here. The only barrier will be ideological resistance. Nostr represents a new internet paradigm where users outpower platforms, identity persists across apps, and Bitcoin is the standard. We've practically already won. ### Crazy Ideas I'm thinking the age of of the super nostr app will come to a close. We're probably going to enter an era of a thousand micro apps and client templates, which allow users to build their own client in 30 seconds. Some templates will be impermanent, one time use clients, others will be more robust for building a daily driver. You'll be able to share your completed piece on nostr for other people to use, and they'll zap you for building it. A marketplace of user created apps supported by thousands of micro apps and relays and templates, probably a user experience holy grail, made possible by nostr's open social graph, smooth monetization processes from bitcoin. ### Growth Predictions Daily Active Users doubling yearly: 2024: 20k → 2029: 640k The beauty of Nostr isn't just in its decentralized nature or bitcoin integration – it's in the user experience that puts you in control. While traditional social media platforms force-feed you content through black-box algorithms, Nostr hands you the keys to your own digital kingdom. You choose your feed, your apps, your connections, and your level of engagement. Yes, there's a learning curve, but that's the price of digital sovereignty. Think of where Twitter was in 2006 or Bitcoin in 2013. Those who saw the potential and jumped in early didn't just benefit financially – they helped shape the future. Nostr is at that same inflection point. The tools are here, the infrastructure is growing, and the community is building. Whether you're a creator, developer, bitcoiner, or just someone tired of traditional social media, Nostr offers a glimpse of what the internet should have been all along. The question isn't if Nostr will win, but when. And when it does, you'll want to be able to say you were here when it all began. Thanks, Hustle originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/827860

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

As mentioned in my [inaugural post](https://stacker.news/items/826658/r/Undisciplined), I'm going to be searching for the optimal posting fee for ~econ. My suspicion is that we were above the optimum, so I'm beginning with a halving. If this brings in more revenue than last month (48k), then I'll continue with another reduction to 54. Otherwise, I'll increase to the midway point of 161. @cryotosensei told me that 108 has special significance, so let's see if it gives us a special month. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/826704

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Guess who's in charge of the ~econ territory? This guy (*Undisciplined points at him/her/itself as you read this*). The founder of this great territory, @jeff, has too many irl commitments to invest the time he would like to into ~econ, so he offered to let me take over indefinitely. If you are interested in the conditions agreed to in this transfer of power, see [here](https://stacker.news/items/89179/r/Undisciplined?commentId=826287) (*that link should probably have been a Rick Roll*). Even though we initially discussed this possibility a few months ago, I never really gave much thought to what I would do with the territory. I love the regular contributions we've been getting, lately, and I'll seek to make sure those continue. My first order of business will be to search out the optimal posting fee, which is a process @jeff began. Expect a fee reduction in the near future, once I settle on a search method. I have a very expansive view of what constitutes ~econ content (as one of my advisors said, "If it's about people making choices, then it's econ."), so I hope people will choose ~econ for their posts involving anything related to human action (the subject or the book). Expect more updates as I come up to speed on running a territory and let me know what you'd like to see from this territory going forward. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/826658

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Howdy, Stackers We've got some territory updates to cover this week: - The first round of the [College Football Contest](https://stacker.news/items/820618/r/Undisciplined) is in the books - Cricket contests: [CricZap](https://stacker.news/items/821369/r/Undisciplined) and [BBL Survivor Pool](https://stacker.news/items/819076/r/Undisciplined) are rolling forward (perhaps without @grayruby) - We have a winner of the impromptu [USA vs the World](https://stacker.news/items/822695/r/Undisciplined) contest - Apparently, some stackers started a [fantasy football league](https://stacker.news/items/824623/r/Undisciplined), but I don't recall hearing about it before Then onto some sports topics - The NFL and NBA are competing over Christmas Day supremacy: https://stacker.news/items/824953/r/Undisciplined - What are our favorite sports to watch live vs on tv? https://stacker.news/items/825580/r/Undisciplined - The NFL MVP race is tightening up. - Is Embiid still the Biggest Loser? Plus, some early trade conversations. - Canadians are fascinated by children beating each other up with sticks and razor blades on national television: https://stacker.news/items/825050/r/Undisciplined What's on your sports radar this week? originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/826204

@ acbcec47:dd305bec

## Prepare starter - 1 part starter (~30g) - 2 parts wholemeal rye flour (~60g) - 2 parts warm water (~60g) Stir well, then leave to stand warm and covered until the volume has almost doubled.  Once the starter has doubled in volume and a light cap has formed, it can be used for the dough.  ## Ingredients - Flour (2/3 550/1100 wheat flour, 1/3 997 rye flour) = 600g - Water: 60% of the flour quantity = 360g warm water - Starter: 20% of the flour quantity = 120g starter - Salt: 3% of the flour = 18g  Put the rest of the starter (about 30g) back in the fridge for the next batch. Knead everything well for 5 minutes, then leave to stand warm and covered.  ## Fermenting First fermenting phase in one piece until the volume has almost doubled.  Then divide into portions ...   Shape and leave to rise on the baking tray for 1-2 hours.   ## Baking - Preheat oven to 230°C (450°F) - Just before baking, cut in the top of the rolls with a razor blade, so that they can extend  - Bake for 20 min with steam/cover at 210°C (410°F) - Then remove the steam/cover and bake another 15-20 min at 180°C (360°F)  Enjoy ...  

@ 0861144c:e68a1caf

Recently, I read that @lunaticoin, in his latest interview with @Darthcoin, received a very significant [economic value in return](https://primal.net/e/note1rzu97re6hj5gkzqgs4j0huh4x585n4wk0wer5q45ucht96qz8ddqngfwyj). This comes as no surprise, because if you haven’t listened to this particular episode yet, it’s like missing out on an educational rollercoaster ride. It feels as though you already know the topic, but with every passing second, every slide, you find yourself paying close attention—not just for the entertainment value, but because it genuinely seeks to teach alongside the user. It’s a strange sentiment, I know, but that’s how I felt.  ### Now, dear friends of SN, what brings us to this conversation? Writing[^2] has many facets. Some write for the sats, earning them the (in)appropriate nickname of “ass-milkers.” They write to earn satoshis but without contributing anything meaningful, simply chasing gains at all costs. Should you sacrifice your thoughts to say something popular, avoid arguments, or avoid being labeled as someone with stupid ideas? The “ass-milker” does just that. They lack authenticity and, in the cultural battle, they’ll be the first to fall because they have nothing to offer except brain junk food. There are those who write to learn. This category of writers tends to produce long-form content that is often fascinating. In their process of learning, they leave breadcrumbs that, at least in my case, I follow and learn from. I’ve identified several of these writers here—they’re my favorites. I’ve even subscribed to them, allowing notifications every time they post something. Mind you, I’m someone who keeps my phone on focus mode, only allowing calls from my inner circle and no notifications from any messaging apps. Speaking as a Christian, notifications are Satan’s invention, designed to enslave me. Then there’s the final category of writers: the others. They write purely for fun, for the sheer joy of it, to share what’s on their mind with the world, and aim to elevate others, encouraging similar thoughts. I’ve found many of them on various forums, and they do monumental work. ### Why are we talking about writers? The recent debates [I’ve followed regarding the creative economy](https://stacker.news/items/798342) have left a strong impression on me. First, a fascinating discussion about music and the economy, and then suggestions on how to improve Stacker News to fairly compensate writers without devolving into just another Reddit. And this is the main point I’d like to address again: value-for-value aims to be the new focus of the creative economy. Let’s simplify: excluding the first type of writer mentioned above, writers don’t write because they want money; they write because they have to. Many times, we’ve written dozens of articles, essays, even books (in my case) without earning a penny, but with the complete satisfaction of having written. We smile when people ask if we have material to share. Oh, God, do we ever. ### Writers are irrational We are human beings who need to express ourselves. That’s why, when I write on [platforms like this](https://stacker.news/items/499556), I know I’m making an impact, and I _measure_ it through zaps, downzaps, and comments. Tell me one writer who doesn’t love comments or enjoy leaving comments on others’ work. *Our craft is not about agreeing with the audience*. Our craft is not about shaking our hips on a pole for money. **Our craft is about intervening in people’s thoughts**. One reason I love the V4V economy is that everyone does the [best they can with what they have](https://stacker.news/items/824763). Sometimes, you’re broke; other times, your wallet overflows, letting you show your generosity. Sometimes, observing comments is better than money. In fact, they tried to turn writers into rational beings, and as a direct result, we’ve flooded the internet with junk food for the brain. As a writer with profiles on Medium and Substack (previously WordPress, Tumblr, and others), I’m aware of the stats available to me. But at the end of the day—this is something I’ve learned over time—none of those metrics matter except the only one that does: - Are people talking about your article? - Have you joined the conversation? - Are you making your audience think? Writers don’t write for money. If they do, they’re called salespeople, not writers. That’s why artificial intelligence can write an entire book, but it can’t replicate the essence. AI helps edit and find errors. Believing it will make you a writer is a mistake. Let me share a story. A few days ago, a musician friend and I discussed AI and its capabilities. He mentioned tools that can create music in seconds. We created an avant-garde jazz track with a soul touch, and no sooner had it played than he said, “_This isn’t new; it’s Tom Jobim_.” Cross-referencing confirmed he was right. > An artist cannot be created artificially. If they could, it would just be junk food. Artificiality cannot create something new; it can only perfect what you’ve already made. **Art as an Investment** I understand copyright very well, having studied it extensively during my Model United Nations days. While I find it fascinating, I also recognize it as a fiat mentality. Instead of promoting art, it builds fences and walls to assign monetary value to music—a concept I’ve debated extensively and concluded doesn’t exist. Let’s admit something you won’t want to say aloud: even if no one reads your work, you’ll keep writing anyway. And you’ll keep writing because you never assigned monetary value to your words. Writing makes you happy. Creating words that turn into texts, then paragraphs, then sections, and eventually chapters—can they come together as a book? For a long time, few people read my work, and yet... I kept writing. Throughout history, art itself has rarely had an economic value attached to it. This is the lie they want you to believe: that without copyright, art will disappear because people will stop paying for it. Under that premise, platforms like Stacker News or Substack are destined to fail. Yet the data tells a completely different story. So, if value-for-value works, what do we have then? *Our enemy is copyright*. Art is not meant for rational economic activity. Writing isn’t essential to others, but it is to us. Writing isn’t intrinsically valuable, but it is **intrinsically** valuable to me. My goal for 2025 is to explore how my three books in Spanish can thrive in the value-for-value economy, so we as artists can continue creating. As a burgeoning economy formed around the hardest and most resilient money the internet has seen to date, let’s use everything to our advantage. I hope this inspires you, fellow writer, to keep contributing to the value-for-value economy and to continue the debate on copyright. [^2]: To clarify all points properly, the craft of writing in this post is considered an art; hence, the writer is an artist. If you don’t feel like an artist when writing, you may need to check if you’re a candidate for imposter syndrome. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/826042

@ 31bdca15:aac01582

 Honestly, this is hilarious on some level. To anyone with average intelligence it was clear from the beginning that Elon is not for free speech. # Up until today Here is are the major impediments to free speech on X the every platform as to my knowledge: - Banning the account that tracks Elons private jet. It is kind of understandable on a human level but this was the first sign that there is no free speech on X. There is no compromise, there isn't even a slippery slope: either there is free speech or there is not. It should also be noted that accounts that track Taylor Swifts jet ARE STILL UP! Hypocrisy. - Banning the word "cisgender". Even if you're a rightwing "anti-woke" culture warrior I expect you to acknowledge that any compromises to free speech are destroying all free speech, including the ones one does not agree with # Yesterday night  I do not think that freedom of speech is freedom of reach. But I do consider what happened tonight a wakeup call for everyone who is still in denial. Major impediments to reach until yesterday were afaik only on broad strokes on liberal and leftist accounts and maybe a few people personally like probably Grimes and Ron Desantis. Major impediments to reach as of today: - Laura Loomer personally and a forceful removal of all her paid subscribers  - "The conservative OG" had their organization badge removed, all accounts associated lost their blue check reach multiplier (they are still paying tho) - Speculative: I suspect but do not know for sure that accounts associated with the VC or tech scene got a malus now. If it's the same malus or a softer one than liberal/leftist have is unclear. Maybe Twitter engineers have programmed a whole system for manual malus factors now. - Individually suspended accounts:  It seems like Elon personally was angered yesterday night with a few people ratioing him personally and they got a ban personally. # Conclusion You do not get free speech just because it's "your guy" who's in charge. A digital town square must not centralized. It could consist of multiple plattforms (e.g. Fediverse) or one decentralized plattform (e.g. Nostr). But it cannot be one plattform. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/825944

@ dbb19ae0:c3f22d5a

**First** make sure to add this relay wss://relay.momostr.pink in your Nostr [setting](https://primal.net/settings/network) and **second** follow this [account ](https://nosta.me/npub1pqr3g2gk3vsnrqk9kwfqqcxc6d5cwjr0hyc0nlzz9py5nf92vd9sn02sck) Soon after an account will be created on bluesky and will mirror your Nostr profile the address will be like this: bsky.app/profile/npub1mwce4c8qa2zn9zw9f372syrc9dsnqmyy3jkcmpqkzaze0slj94dqu6nmwy.momostr.pink.ap.brid.gy And from there keep spreading the good word originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/825913

@ 16d11430:61640947

For centuries, financial markets have been shackled by an archaic mindset rooted in Newtonian physics: "What goes up must come down." This belief has dominated the thinking of old-school fiat economists, who view the rise and fall of markets as a natural cycle of gravity-bound economics. But Bitcoin, the digital phoenix, was designed to defy this outdated paradigm. It isn't just an asset class or a currency—it's a revolution in financial physics, unshackling value from centralized control and rewriting the rules of money. The Fiat Fallacy: Gravity Economics Fiat systems are inherently cyclical, prone to inflation, manipulation, and collapse. Central banks print money endlessly, causing value to "come down" as purchasing power erodes. For fiat thinkers, this is unavoidable—a gravitational force they accept as immutable. Yet this mindset ignores Bitcoin’s game-changing properties: its hard cap of 21 million coins, decentralized consensus, and permissionless architecture. Bitcoin is fundamentally non-Newtonian. It doesn’t adhere to traditional financial laws because it isn't bound by the same forces of supply and control. Instead, it operates in a new paradigm: deflationary, transparent, and immune to political meddling. Bitcoin's Escape Velocity Bitcoin's dominance lies in its ability to achieve escape velocity. Unlike fiat currencies, which are constantly being pulled back by inflationary policies, Bitcoin is propelled by its scarcity, adoption, and network effects. Every halving event tightens the supply, creating an upward pressure that fiat systems can't replicate. And as global trust in traditional systems erodes, Bitcoin's gravitational pull grows stronger. This phenomenon is evident in the adoption curve. Institutions, governments, and individuals worldwide are recognizing Bitcoin as a superior store of value, an inflation hedge, and the ultimate form of financial sovereignty. The more participants enter the network, the more its value compounds, creating a virtuous cycle of exponential growth. Humiliating the Old Guard The fiat establishment—steeped in centuries of centralized control—has long dismissed Bitcoin as a bubble, a fad, or even a Ponzi scheme. Yet, year after year, Bitcoin rises from the ashes of their predictions. Its resilience, transparency, and provable scarcity expose the fragility and corruption of fiat systems. The ultimate humiliation for fiat thinkers is Bitcoin's ability to thrive in crises. Where traditional systems falter—be it through hyperinflation, bank failures, or geopolitical instability—Bitcoin becomes a lifeboat. It doesn’t just resist gravity; it flips the entire script. Fiat currencies are revealed as infinite-print illusions, while Bitcoin’s immutable ledger stands as the ultimate arbiter of truth and value. A New Financial Paradigm Bitcoin’s ascent is not merely about price; it’s about domination. It represents a shift from centralized control to individual empowerment, from opaque systems to transparent protocols, from inflationary theft to deflationary savings. It’s a financial singularity, an escape from the gravitational pull of outdated thinking. As Bitcoin continues its trajectory, the old world of "what goes up must come down" will look increasingly absurd. In its place, a new principle will reign: what’s decentralized cannot be stopped. Bitcoin isn’t just leaving Earth’s orbit; it’s becoming the financial universe’s North Star. So buckle up, because Bitcoin isn’t just going up—it’s transcending. And as it does, it will leave the Newtonian thinkers in the dust, staring in disbelief at the rocket that left them behind.

@ 188302bb:9052db11

I took a brief look and saw it was only used to buy drugs. I didn't have a use for that so I dismissed it. Around 2012 I started buying once I understood the implications. Had i known earlier I'd be a billlioinaire today. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/824601

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

I just read this, and found it enlightening. > Jung... notes that intelligence can be seen as problem solving at an everyday level..., whereas creativity may represent problem solving for less common issues > Other studies have used metaphor creation as a creativity measure instead of divergent thinking and a spectrum of CHC components instead of just g and have found much higher relationships between creativity and intelligence than past studies https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/3/3/59 I'm unusually intelligent (Who isn't?), but I'm much more creative, than intelligent, and I think that confuses people. The ability to apply intelligence, to solve completely novel problems, on the fly, is something IQ tests don't even claim to measure. They just claim a correlation. Creativity requires taking wild, mental leaps out into nothingness; simply trusting that your brain will land you safely. And this is why I've been at the forefront of massive innovation, over and over, but never got rich off of it. *I'm a starving autist.* Zaps are the first time I've ever made money directly, for solving novel problems. Companies don't do this because there is a span of time between providing a solution and the solution being implemented, and the person building the implementation (or their boss) receives all the credit for the existence of the solution. At best, you can hope to get pawned off with a small bonus. Nobody can remember who came up with the solution, originally, and that person might not even be there, anymore, and probably never filed a patent, and may have no idea that their idea has even been built. They just run across it, later, in a tech magazine or museum, and say, "Well, will you look at that! Someone actually went and built it! Isn't that nice!" Universities at least had the idea of cementing novel solutions in academic papers, but that: 1) only works if you're an academic, and at a university, 2) is an incredibly slow process, not appropriate for a truly innovative field, 3) leads to manifestations of perverse incentives and biased research frameworks, coming from 'publish or perish' policies. But I think long-form notes and zaps solve for this problem. #Alexandria, especially, is being built to cater to this long-suffering class of chronic underachievers. It leaves a written, public, time-stamped record of *Clever Ideas We Have Had*. Because they are clever, the ideas. And we have had them.

@ 19279658:92b3da05

What better way to test out Stacker News to Nostr cross-posting than with a Meme. Opt-in to Bitcoin and reduce your exposure to banks. Unless you are getting a loan from a bank to buy more bitcoin then I believe that's a solid play (within reason). *Meme isn't my own*  originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/824519

@ 434a234c:0a2f68b4

***To Review Part 6 (https://stacker.news/items/800668/r/AndyAdvance)*** ***Scoring rubric is as follows:*** 5 - This law promoted 360 degrees of freedom. Bitcoiners around the world would champion this 4 3 2 1 - This bill is something straight out the communist/socialist playbook very anti freedom. Leads to forever wars endless spending and bad wellbeing for the american people Now a look at the seventh bill that became law. ***Public Law No: 111-164*** (05/07/2010) # H.R.4360 - To designate the Department of Veterans Affairs blind rehabilitation center in Long Beach, California, as the "Major Charles Robert Soltes, Jr., O.D. Department of Veterans Affairs Blind Rehabilitation Center" Source( https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/4360?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22lummis%22%7D&s=1&r=52) ## The Bill in Summary: Designates the Department of Veterans Affairs blind rehabilitation center in Long Beach, California, as the "Major Charles Robert Soltes, Jr., O.D. Department of Veterans Affairs Blind Rehabilitation Center." # The Score (2/5) Yawn. A naming bill. No offence to Major Roberts and his family but once again Congress is serving a special interest here. The time and resources wasted on voting on such a bill is ridiculous. Stuff like this could be delegated down to the Governor of the State or the Director of the VA if the duty is inherently federal. Instead of wasting time and resources of the American public this can be easily managed within the VA alone no need for an act of Congress. Create a board within the VA appointed by the President and name the VA facilities. Task done at the fraction of the time and cost of an act of Congress. I gave this a score of two because naming buildings does nothing for 99.99% of Americans. Not to disrespect the service Major Roberts provided to the country but we don't need 100 Senators and almost 500 House Representatives who all make more that $170k (1.5 BTC!) a year to vote on naming bills. Time and resources can be better spent somewhere else. # Total Score (17/35) After seven bills Sen. Lummis has 17 points out of a total 35. That is good for 48% freedom score. The more I dig into these bills the more I am finding out that Congress passes a lot of laws that 99.99999% Americans just don't care about. Sen. Lummis hasn't shown to be raging Neo-Con yet but these coin and building naming bills are a joke. I am sure Major Roberts didn't serve our country for him to be named after a VA center. If he was alive most soldiers are humble and would say no don't name that building after me. But here we are Congress doing more nonsense. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/824233

@ 19279658:92b3da05

As the holiday season is here, many of us find joy in gifting toys, gadgets, and other presents to our loved ones, especially children. These gifts often bring smiles and excitement in the moment, creating cherished memories. But alongside the tradition of giving tangible gifts, there’s an opportunity to introduce something more enduring: the gift of sats. A few thousand sats gifted to children each Christmas may not seem like much today, but their value could grow significantly over time. More than just a financial gesture, it’s a way of introducing them to the concept of sound money and Bitcoin’s potential to store and preserve value. In the future, when they look back at these small yearly contributions, they might come to appreciate not just the sats themselves, but the thoughtfulness behind the gesture. For instance, I recently started a Bitcoin fund for my two-year-old cousin. I’ve saved 150,000 sats for him in cold storage, a gift he’s completely unaware of. My plan is to hold it safely until he turns 18 and gift it to him as a meaningful contribution to his future. I’ve also done the same for my daughter, but with an added twist—she gets monthly DCA (dollar-cost averaging) contributions into her own cold storage wallet using Bitkey. It’s a simple yet powerful way to ensure her future savings grow steadily over time. This doesn’t mean you have to forgo traditional gifts. Children should still enjoy the magic of toys, games, and the excitement of unwrapping presents. But alongside those gifts, even a small yearly contribution of, say, 21,000 sats, can build up significantly over time. The key is consistency and ensuring proper UTXO management to keep things organized as these small contributions accumulate. By starting small and making it a yearly tradition, you can turn the act of gifting sats into a lasting legacy. It’s a simple, thoughtful way to pass on something valuable that they’ll likely come to appreciate as they grow older and begin to understand the world of money and finance. So, this Christmas (Today), consider adding a few thousand sats to your list of gifts for the ones you love. It’s a small step that could make a big impact in the years to come. Let’s keep up the spirit of giving, not just for today but for their futures. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/824140

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

The kid's sick this morning and we're awaiting our visiting relatives, so this is an unusually quiet and contemplative Christmas morning. I've been reflecting on how I've changed since finding Stacker News and becoming a bitcoiner (in that order). The change really struck me as I was looking through my podcast subscriptions for something to listen to. None of the current-events-focused establishment-critiquing pods appealed to me. I'm kind of over it. Bitcoin has given me the ability to focus on the positive. We're on the building side. We're on the winning side. We're on the side that's saving the world from all the bad things being described in my podcast feed. Stacker News has given me direct access to people who are every bit as interesting as those podcast hosts. Now, I can talk to interesting people, rather than just receiving their wisdoms. I have every confidence that this trend will persist next year and I hope to see you all there. *Stay humble. Stack sats.* *Tick-tock. Next block.* originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/823889

@ bcea2b98:7ccef3c9

It has been a fun year of learning and entertainment with you all. Merry Christmas! originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/823433

@ 3a42879d:0cf7b499

  I pre-ordered this plush 6 months ago and it finally arrived, but I don't want to keep it. I'd rather have Sats LUL. New in factory sealed packaging. Free shipping to anywhere in the US. I will ship via USPS. I'm sakurablossomtradingpost on eBay. 4.6K items sold, 100% positive feedback, satisfaction guaranteed! originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/823399

@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49

# China ## I might be wrong, but this is how I see it This is a post within a series I am going to call "I might be wrong, but this is how I see it" I have repeatedly found that my understanding of China is quite different from that of many libertarian-minded Americans. And so I make this post to explain how I see it. Maybe you will learn something. Maybe I will learn something. It seems to me that many American's see America as a shining beacon of freedom with a few small problems, and China is an evil communist country spreading communism everywhere. From my perspective, America *was* a shining beacon of freedom that has fallen to being typical in most ways, and which is now acting as a falling empire, and China *was* communist for about a decade, but turned and ran away from that as fast as they could (while not admitting it) and the result is that the US and China are not much different anymore when it comes to free markets. Except they are very different in some other respects. ## China has a big problem China has a big problem. But it is not the communism problem that most Westerners diagnose. I argue that China is no longer communist, it is only communist in name. And that while it is not a beacon of free market principles, it is nearly as free market now as Western nations like Germany and New Zealand are (being somewhat socialist themselves). No, China's real problem is authoritarian one-party rule. And that core problem causes all of the other problems, including its human rights abuses. ## Communism and Socialism Communism and Socialism are bad ideas. I don't want to argue it right here, but most readers will already understand this. The last thing I intend to do with this post is to bolster or defend those bad ideas. If you dear reader hold a candle for socialism, let me know and I can help you extinguish it with a future "I might be wrong, but this is how I see it" installment. Communism is the idea of structuring a society around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange, and the idea of allocating goods and services based on need. It eliminates the concept of private property, of social classes, ultimately of money and finally of the state itself. Back under Mao in 1958-1962 (The Great Leap Forward), China tried this (in part). Some 50+ million people died. It was an abject failure. But due to China's real problem (authoritarianism, even worship of their leaders), the leading classes never admitted this. And even today they continue to use the word "Communist" for things that aren't communist at all, as a way to save face, and also in opposition to the United States of America and Europe. Authorities are not eager to admit their faults. But this is not just a Chinese fault, it is a fault in human nature that affects all countries. The USA still refuses to admit they assassinated their own president JFK. They do not admit they bombed the Nord Stream pipeline. China defines "socialism with Chinese characteristics" to mean "the leadership of the Communist Party of China". So they still keep the words socialism and communism, but they long ago dropped the meanings of those words. I'm not sure if this is a political ploy against us in the West or not. ### China's Marketplace Today Today China exhibits very few of the properties of communism. They have some common ownership and state enterprises, but not much differently than Western countries (New Zealand owns Air New Zealand and Kiwibank and Kiwirail, etc). And there are private enterprises all over China. They compete and some succeed and some fail. You might hear about a real-estate bank collapsing. China has private property. They have mostly free markets. They have money, and the most definitely have social classes and a very strong state. None of that is inline with what communist thinkers want. Communist thinkers in China moan that China has turned away from communism. Deng Xiaoping who succeeded Mao and attempted to correct the massive mistake, did much when he said "to get rich is glorious." China achieved staggering rates of economic growth. 10% annually on average since 1977. Chinese economic reform started in 1979 and has continued through successive administrations (Deng, Jiang, Hu and now Xi). China is now the world's largest economy (by GDP in PPP terms) since 2016. I was first made aware of China's economic growth by Jim Rogers, an American commodities expert who travelled through China (and the rest of the world from 1990-1992) and in 2007 moved to Singapore where he ensured his daughters learned to speak Mandarin, because Jim knew where the economic growth was going to happen. Jim always spoke positively of China's economic prospects, and his view was so different from the "China is a nasty communist place" view that I had grown up with that my mind opened. How can anybody believe they are still a communist country? In what world does it make sense that communism can produce such a massively booming economy? It doesn't make sense because it is simply wrong. What *does* happen is that the CPC interferes. It lets the market do what markets do, but it interferes where it thinks oversight and regulation would produce a better result. Western nations interfere with their markets too. They have oversight and regulation. In fact some of China's planned reforms had to be put on hold by Xi due to Donald Trump's trade war with China. That's right, they were trying to be even more free market than America, but America's protectionism prodded Xi to keep control so he could fight back efficiently. Government oversight and regulation IMHO is mostly bad because it gets out of control, and there are no market forces to correct this. This gets even more extreme in a one-party system, so I can judge that China's oversight and regulation problems are very likely worse than those in Western nations (but I have no first hand experience or evidence). ## Why do you keep saying CPC? The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the ruling party in China. That is their official name. To call them the CCP is to concede to the idea that the British and Americans get to name everybody. I'm not sure who is right, since CPC or CCP is their "English" name (in Chinese it is 中国共产党 and Westernized it is Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng). Nonetheless, I'll call them CPC because that is their wish. ## Social Credit System China moved from a planned economy to a market economy in stages. They didn't want any more sudden changes (can you blame them?). In the process, many institutions that have existed in the West for a long time didn't exist in China and they had to arise somehow. IMHO market forces would have brought these about in the private sector, but the one-party CP of China instead decided to create these. One of those institutions was a credit score system. In the West we have TransUnion and Equifax that maintain credit ratings on people, and we have S&P, Moody's and Fitch that maintain credit ratings on companies. The domain of these ratings is their financial credit-worthiness. So the People's Bank of China developed a credit information database for it's own needs. The government picked up on the idea and started moving towards a National Credit Management System. In 2004 it became an official goal to establish a credit system compatible with a modern market system. By 2006 banks were required to report on consumer creditworthiness. But unchecked one-party governmental power will often take a good idea (credit worthiness data shared among private parties) and systematize it and apply it top-down, creating a solution and a new problem at the same time. Nonetheless, originally it was about credit worthiness and also criminal convictions. That is no big scary thing that some right-wing American commentators will lead you to believe. In the US for example criminal records are public, so China's Social Credit System started out being no more over-reaching in scope than what Americans have lived under their entire lives, its only fault (a severe one) being centrally planned. And that remained the case up until about 2016 (in my estimation). But of course there is always scope creep. As it exists today, I have reason to believe that CPC officials and even A.I. use judgement calls to score someone on how moral that person has been! Of course that is not a good idea, and IMHO the problem stems from one-party rule, and authoritarian administration of ideas that should instead be handled by the private sector. ## Environmental, Social, and Governance ESG is a system that came out of a couple basic ideas. The first is that many two-party transactions actually have externalities. They don't just affect the two parties, they also affect everybody else. When you fly in an airplane, you increase the CO2 in the atmosphere that everybody has to pay for (eventually). You may dispute that example, but that is no doubt one of the motivations of ESG. But of course the recognition of this basic issue didn't lead all people towards market solutions (well it did, but those have been mostly messed up by others), but instead led many people towards ESG, which is a social credit scoring system which applies scores based on environmental and social side-effects of market transactions. This is not at all the same as China's social credit system, which I described above. I hope you can see the difference. In fact, China imported ESG from the West. Chinese companies, of their free will, in an attempt to court Western capital, achieve ESG goals for those Western investors. They have been playing this ESG game for 20 years just like the entire world has, because the West has imposed this faux-morality upon them. It isn't something China exported to us, it is something we exported to them. ## I think China has avoided Woke-ism My understanding of Chinese people, based on what I've heard many Chinese people say, is that China isn't affected by the Western woke-ism epidemic. They deride Western white woke people with the term "Baizuo". They have never sent an incompetent break dancer to the Olympics because of wok-ism. Competence is highly respected as is the competition to be the most competent, which (when augmented by a one-child policy which is no longer) has produced child prodigies like no other country has. ## What about predatory loans of the Belt and Road initiative? Predatory is an odd name for loans to people in need. The World Bank makes loans to people in need. China does too. China stands in opposition to Western Empire, and in that regard they produce their own alternative BRICS institutions. This is one of them. There is AFAIK nothing more predatory about them. It is just that in some cases the borrowers have trouble paying them back and they get foreclosed upon. I don't think this is worthy of much discussion, except that the term "predatory" seems to me to be a propaganda device. ## What about foreign influence from China? China wants to influence the world, especially its own trading partners and potential trading partners. Doing that above board is fine by me. But some of it is undoubtedly covert. Sometimes Chinese-born people run for public office in Western countries. In New Zealand we stood down some when it became clear they were being influenced too much by the CPC while being charged with representing their local town (dual loyalty issues). If only the USA would do the same thing to their dually-loyal politicians. And all large nations run influence operations. The USA has the CIA, for example, and claims this "soft power" is actually the better alternative to what would otherwise be military intervention (but IMHO shouldn't be either). I'm not defending such operations (I despise them), I'm just explaining how China's position of exerting influence is not only no big deal and totally expected, it pales in comparison to the United States' influence operations which often become military excursions (something China rarely ever does). ## What about the Great Firewall? Yeah, that sucks. Again, single-party authoritarian control gone to extremes. ## What about Human Rights Abuses? What about the Uyghur Genocide? I don't like them. To the extent they are occurring (and I lean towards the belief that they are occurring), I condemn them. China has anti-terrorism and anti-extremism policies that go too far. They end up oppressing and/or criminalizing cultures that aren't Chinese enough. But especially, China punishes dissent. Disagreement with the CPC is the high crime. It is the one-party rule that causes this problem. Anybody who speaks out against the CPC or goes against the state in any way is harshly punished. This happens to Uyghurs, to Falun Gong, to Tibetans, and to any religion that is seen as subversive. Amnesty International and the UN OHCHR have documented issues around the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, Tibet, LGBT rights, death penalty, workers rights, and the Hong Kong special administrative region. I am not about to pretend I know better than they do, but to some extent they go too far. Amnesty International says this about the USA: Discrimination and violence against LGBTI people were widespread and anti-LGBTI legislation increased. Bills were introduced to address reparations regarding slavery and its legacies. Multiple states implemented total bans on abortion or severely limited access to it. Gender-based violence disproportionately affected Indigenous women. Access to the USA for asylum seekers and migrants was still fraught with obstacles, but some nationalities continued to enjoy Temporary Protected Status. Moves were made to restrict the freedom to protest in a number of states. Black people were disproportionately affected by the use of lethal force by police. No progress was made in the abolition of the death penalty, apart from in Washington. Arbitrary and indefinite detention in the US naval base Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, continued. Despite extensive gun violence, no further firearm reform policies were considered, but President Biden did announce the creation of the White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention. The USA continued to use lethal force in countries around the world. Black people, other racialized groups and low-income people bore the brunt of the health impacts of the petrochemical industry, and the use of fossil fuels continued unabated. Amnesty international didn't even point out that the US government quashes free speech via pressure on social media corporations (because Amnesty International is far too lefty). So who is worse, China or the US? I'm not going to make that judgement call, but suffice it to say that in my mind, China is not obviously worse. China violates freedom of expression, association, and assembly of all people. This is bad, and a consequence mainly of one-party rule (again, what I think is the root cause of most of their ills). They arrest, detain, potentially kill anybody who publicly disagrees openly with their government. Clearly this is an excess of authoritarianism, a cancer that is very advanced in China. As to organ harvesting of Uyghur Muslims, I think this is a myth. China has dealt harshly with Muslim extremism. They don't offer freedom of religion to ISIS. And Amnesty International complains about that. But practically speaking you probably shouldn't respect the extremist religion of people who want to force everybody into a global caliphate through threat of violence. As you are well aware, some extremist Muslims (<1% of Islam) believe in using violence to bring about a global caliphate. Those extremists pop up in every country and are usually dealt with harshly. China has had to deal with them too. I have watched two different Western YouTubers travel to Xinjiang province trying to find the oppressed Uyghurs and interview them. They can't find them. What they find instead are Uyghur Muslims doing their prayers five times a day at the local mosque. And also stories that the CPC pitched in some money to help them renovate the mosque. Maybe they were afraid it was a CPC trap and so they wouldn't speak freely. Amnesty International and the UN OHCHR say more than a million are "arbitrarily detained" and I'm not going to argue otherwise. But I'd be more convinced if there were a stream of pictures and news like there is out of Gaza, and it is suspicious that there isn't. ## Conclusion China is more like a Western nation that Westerners realize. Economically, militarily, socially. It still has a very serious obstacle to overcome: one-party rule. I don't think the one-party is going to voluntarily give up power. So most probably at some point in the future there will be a revolution. But in my opinion it won't happen anytime soon. For the most part Chinese people are living high on the hog, getting rich, enjoying the good life, in positive spirits about life, and are getting along with their government quite well at present.

@ d8c59f3c:984e482e

sfgdfgdfgdfgdfgdfg originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/459409

@ b83e6f82:73c27758

## Citrine 0.6.0 - Update dependencies - Show notifications when importing, exporting, downloading events - Change database functions to be suspending functions Download it with [zap.store]( https://zap.store/download), [Obtainium]( https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium), [f-droid]( https://f-droid.org/packages/com.greenart7c3.citrine) or download it directly in the [releases page ]( https://github.com/greenart7c3/Citrine/releases/tag/v0.6.0) If you like my work consider making a [donation]( https://greenart7c3.com) ## Verifying the release In order to verify the release, you'll need to have `gpg` or `gpg2` installed on your system. Once you've obtained a copy (and hopefully verified that as well), you'll first need to import the keys that have signed this release if you haven't done so already: ``` bash gpg --keyserver hkps://keys.openpgp.org --recv-keys 44F0AAEB77F373747E3D5444885822EED3A26A6D ``` Once you have his PGP key you can verify the release (assuming `manifest-v0.6.0.txt` and `manifest-v0.6.0.txt.sig` are in the current directory) with: ``` bash gpg --verify manifest-v0.6.0.txt.sig manifest-v0.6.0.txt ``` You should see the following if the verification was successful: ``` bash gpg: Signature made Fri 13 Sep 2024 08:06:52 AM -03 gpg: using RSA key 44F0AAEB77F373747E3D5444885822EED3A26A6D gpg: Good signature from "greenart7c3 <greenart7c3@proton.me>" ``` That will verify the signature on the main manifest page which ensures integrity and authenticity of the binaries you've downloaded locally. Next, depending on your operating system you should then re-calculate the sha256 sum of the binary, and compare that with the following hashes: ``` bash cat manifest-v0.6.0.txt ``` One can use the `shasum -a 256 <file name here>` tool in order to re-compute the `sha256` hash of the target binary for your operating system. The produced hash should be compared with the hashes listed above and they should match exactly.