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@ 3c984938:2ec11289
2024-07-22 11:43:17Bienvenide a Nostr!
Introduccíon
Es tu primera vez aqui en Nostr? Bienvenides! Nostr es un acrónimo raro para "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays" on un solo objetivo; resistirse a la censura. Una alternativa a las redes sociales tradicionales, comunicaciónes, blogging, streaming, podcasting, y feventualmente el correo electronico (en fase de desarrollo) con características descentralizadas que te capacita, usario. Jamas seras molestado por un anuncio, capturado por una entidad centralizada o algoritmo que te monetiza.
Permítame ser su anfitrión! Soy Onigiri! Yo estoy explorando el mundo de Nostr, un protocolo de comunicacíon decentralizada. Yo escribo sobre las herramientas y los desarolladores increíbles de Nostr que dan vida a esta reino.
Bienvenides a Nostr Wonderland
Estas a punto de entrar a un otro mundo digtal que te hará explotar tu mente de todas las aplicaciones descentralizadas, clientes, sitios que puedes utilizar. Nunca volverás a ver a las comunicaciones ni a las redes sociales de la mesma manera. Todo gracias al carácter criptográfico de nostr, inpirado por la tecnología "blockchain". Cada usario, cuando crean una cuenta en Nostr, recibe un par de llaves: una privada y una publico. Estos son las llaves de tu propio reino. Lo que escribes, cantes, grabes, lo que creas - todo te pertenece.
Unos llaves de Oro y Plata
Mi amigo y yo llamamos a esto "identidad mediante cifrado" porque tu identidad es cifrado. Tu puedes compartir tu llave de plata "npub" a otros usarios para conectar y seguir. Utiliza tu llave de oro "nsec" para accedar a tu cuenta y exponerte a muchas aplicaciones. Mantenga la llave a buen recaudo en todo momento. Ya no hay razor para estar enjaulado por los terminos de plataformas sociales nunca más.
Onigirl
npub18jvyjwpmm65g8v9azmlvu8knd5m7xlxau08y8vt75n53jtkpz2ys6mqqu3Todavia No tienes un cliente? Seleccione la mejor opción.
Encuentra la aplicación adecuada para ti! Utilice su clave de oro "nsec" para acceder a estas herramientas maravillosas. También puedes visit a esta pagina a ver a todas las aplicaciones. Antes de pegar tu llave de oro en muchas aplicaciones, considera un "signer" (firmante) para los sitios web 3. Por favor, mire la siguiente imagen para más detalles. Consulte también la leyenda.
Get a Signer extension via chrome webstore
Un firmante (o "signer" en inglés) es una extensión del navegador web. Nos2x and NostrConnect son extensiónes ampliamente aceptado para aceder a Nostr. Esto simplifica el proceso de aceder a sitios "web 3". En lugar de copiar y pegar la clave oro "nsec" cada vez, la mantienes guardado en la extensión y le des permiso para aceder a Nostr.
👉⚡⚡Obtén una billetera Bitcoin lightning para enviar/recibir Zaps⚡⚡ (Esto es opcional)
Aqui en Nostr, utilizamos la red Lightning de Bitcoin (L2). Nesitaras una cartera lightning para enviar y recibir Satoshis, la denominacion mas chiquita de un Bitcoin. (0.000000001 BTC) Los "zaps" son un tipo de micropago en Nostr. Si te gusta el contenido de un usario, es norma dejarle una propina en la forma de un ¨zap". Por ejemplo, si te gusta este contenido, tu me puedes hacer "zap" con Satoshis para recompensar mi trabajo. Pero apenas llegaste, as que todavia no tienes una cartera. No se preocupe, puedo ayudar en eso!
"Stacker.News" es una plataforma donde los usarios pueden ganar SATS por publicar articulos y interactuar con otros.
Stacker.News es el lugar mas facil para recibir una direccion de cartera Bitcoin Lightning.
- Acedese con su extensión firmante "signer" - Nos2x or NostrConnect - hace click en tu perfil, un codigo de letras y numeros en la mano superior derecha. Veás algo como esto
- Haga clic en "edit" y elija un nombre que te guste. Se puede cambiar si deseas en el futuro.
- Haga clic en "save"
- Crea una biografía y la comunidad SN son muy acogedora. Te mandarán satoshi para darte la bienvenida.
- Tu nueva direccion de cartera Bitcoin Lightning aparecerá asi
^^No le mandas "zaps" a esta direccion; es puramente con fines educativos. - Con tu Nueva dirección de monedero Bitcoin Lightning puedes ponerla en cualquier cliente o app de tu elección. Para ello, ve a tu página de perfil y bajo la dirección de tu monedero en "Dirección Lightning", introduce tu nueva dirección y pulsa "guardar " y ya está. Enhorabuena.
👉✨Con el tiempo, es posible que desee pasar a las opciones de auto-custodia y tal vez incluso considerar la posibilidad de auto-alojar su propio nodo LN para una mejor privacidad. La buena noticia es que stacker.news tambien está dejando de ser una cartera custodio.
⭐NIP-05-identidad DNS⭐ Al igual que en Twitter, una marca de verificación es para mostrar que eres del mismo jardín "como un humano", y no un atípico como una mala hierba o, "bot". Pero no de la forma nefasta en que lo hacen las grandes tecnológicas. En el país de las maravillas de Nostr, esto te permite asignar tu llave de plata, "npub", a un identificador DNS. Una vez verificado, puedes gritar para anunciar tu nueva residencia Nostr para compartir.
✨Hay un montón de opciones, pero si has seguido los pasos, esto se vuelve extremadamente fácil.
👉✅¡Haz clic en tu "Perfil ", luego en "Configuración ", desplázate hasta la parte inferior y pega tu clave Silver, "npub!" y haz clic en "Guardar " y ¡listo! Utiliza tu monedero relámpago de Stacker.news como tu NIP-05. ¡¡¡Enhorabuena!!! ¡Ya estás verificado! Dale unas horas y cuando uses tu cliente "principal " deberías ver una marca de verificación.
Nostr, el infonformista de los servidores.
En lugar de utilizar una única instancia o un servidor centralizado, Nostr está construido para que varias bases de datos intercambien mensajes mediante "relés". Los relés, que son neutrales y no discriminatorios, almacenan y difunden mensajes públicos en la red Nostr. Transmiten mensajes a todos los demás clientes conectados a ellos, asegurando las comunicaciones en la red descentralizada.¡Mis amigos en Nostr te dan la bienvenida!
Bienvenida a la fiesta. ¿Le apetece un té?🍵
¡Hay mucho mas!
Esto es la punta del iceberg. Síguenme mientras continúo explorando nuevas tierras y a los desarolladores, los caballeres que potencioan este ecosistema. Encuéntrame aquí para mas contenido como este y comparten con otros usarios de nostr. Conozca a los caballeres que luchan por freedomTech (la tecnología de libertad) en Nostr y a los proyectos a los que contribuyen para hacerla realidad.💋
Onigirl @npub18jvyjwpmm65g8v9azmlvu8knd5m7xlxau08y8vt75n53jtkpz2ys6mqqu3
🧡😻Esta guía ha sido cuidadosamente traducida por miggymofongo
Puede seguirla aquí. @npub1ajt9gp0prf4xrp4j07j9rghlcyukahncs0fw5ywr977jccued9nqrcc0cs
sitio web
- Acedese con su extensión firmante "signer" - Nos2x or NostrConnect - hace click en tu perfil, un codigo de letras y numeros en la mano superior derecha. Veás algo como esto
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 23:16:53
test
hello world
haha
lol
js const y = (m * x) + b; -
@ 82100056:e198089f
2024-07-21 19:58:06
Was the Trump ‘assassination attempt’ a staged event that he was in on? Was it an inside job by the secret service seeking to eliminate the number one enemy of the deep state? Or was Thomas Crooks simply competent (and lucky) enough to pull off a lone-wolf attack on the 45th president of the USA?
Whatever the truth is, which will surely come out over time, the ‘shooting’ has dramatically altered the course of American politics.
The most obvious narrative shift has been Trump’s new-found God-like status among the American right. The image of Trump holding his fist in the air, right ear bloodied, while urging Americans to “fight”, symbolises this. His long-time friend and UFC chairman Dana White said in the aftermath of the ‘shooting’: “He [Trump] is one of the toughest, most resilient human beings that I have ever met in my entire life….This guy is the legitimate ultimate American badass of all-time!” In addition, a section of Trump supporters turned up to the recent Republican National Convention wearing fake bandages on their ears in a humorous yet sincere show of solidarity with their leader. These are just two examples among many of the relentless outpouring of adulation that Trump is receiving. He has become a martyr without having to die.
The Trump fist raise image and resulting strongman narrative is not what I will focus on, but it does provide crucial context for what I am going to say. Instead, I will look at the farcical performance of the secret service, which did not go unnoticed by social media users. Specifically, that of the female agents, and the resulting backlash against the perceived failures of DEI (diversity, equity and inclusion) within the US government. I will also look at why this narrative is being pushed by powerful players of the alternative-media industrial complex.
First, footage emerged of one female agent who struggled to holster her firearm, while looking completely disorientated, as Trump, who could have still been in danger, fled the scene in a blacked out SUV. It was reminiscent of Fredo Corleone’s bumbling efforts to save his father Vito, who faced a failed assassination attempt of his own in The Godfather 2.
Second, there is the ridiculous still image of the female secret service agent standing in front of Trump by the podium in order to provide cover for the former president amid a possible active shooter situation. The image is ludicrous because the female agent is not nearly as tall as Trump, and so his head, including his ear that was just ‘clipped’ by a 'bullet', remains completely exposed.
Third, the US secret service director Kimberly Cheatle, a woman, is ultimately responsible for the ‘near-assassination’ of Donald Trump and the seemingly unlimited ‘mistakes’ made by the agency on the day. For example, Cheatle did not have a secret service gunmen on the roof used by Thomas Crooks because it was “too sloped”. An explanation that was shown to be comically bad in the immediate aftermath of the ‘shooting’ when photos emerged of cleaners standing on the roof to clear Crooks’ ‘blood’ away.
The backlash against the female agents in question has been pretty relentless from the American right. But not just from anonymous MAGA social media users. Some of the key drivers of political narratives on the right have honed in on this issue and more generally against the perceived failings of DEI.
“There should not be any women in the Secret Service. These are supposed to be the very best, and none of the very best at this job are women,” said right-leaning activist Matt Walsh in a direct response the footage of the female secret service agents. Walsh works for The Daily Wire and rose to global prominence on the back of his documentary “What Is A Women?”. In other words, he is a key figure within the US culture war, who has a keen interest in discussions around gender.
Then there is Andrew Tate. One could have predicted where the former kickboxer was going to stand on this issue. Tate posted a video to social media in which he lambasted Kimberly Cheatle and the other female secret service agents in a visibly heated manner. “There’s not a female alive who’s ever going to jump in front of a bullet for anybody. She’s gonna piss her panties and hide.” Tate carries on the rest of the video in the same vain, including a statement which in my view is a big clue about the narrative he is trying to push.
“Society as a whole will be better off if we return to our [gender] roles.”
Tate wants the secret service and the military to go back to being made up of men who are selected based solely on competence. After years of military aged males being 'disenfranchised' by the institutions they once felt proud to represent - the pendulum may be about to swing back.
At this point, it is worth mentioning that I believe both Matt Walsh and Andrew Tate are intelligence assets who push agendas to the wider public on behalf of the deep state, as Miri AF explains here. It is also worth considering that these women are akin to actors who are fulfilling their roles as incompetent, further driving the narrative of Walsh and Tate. Their incompetence is not necessarily because they are women - they might just be acting like they are incapable because they are women. It sounds overly conspiratorial, but in my view it is plausible.
Okay, let’s continue down this ‘conspiracy theory’ rabbit hole for a little longer. It is widely understood that intelligence agencies use terror attacks to further their insidious agendas. A clear example of this is how George Bush’s government, in conjunction with the media and the intelligence apparatus, weaponised the fear brought about by 9/11 in order to invade Iraq.
So, what is the goal of Tate/Walsh and the deep state (and possibly Trump too) in pushing back against DEI and making the secret service/military a place that ‘respects’ male competence again? The same military whose commander-in-chief has God-like status, is the ‘ultimate American badass of all time’, and who ‘literally’ just ‘took a bullet’ for his country. The same military that is currently in escalating proxy wars vs Russia and Iran - neither of which look like ending anytime soon. Are American military aged males being influenced to go and fight for their country in WW3 after years of being gaslighted?
At this point I want to state that I do not claim to know this for sure. I am stating a theory. I am asking questions that I believe need to be asked.
But I will leave you with this quote by a World War Two veteran that has been doing the rounds on social media recently.
“If president Trump was commander-in-chief I would go back to re-enlist today.” Sgt. Bill Peril, 99, WW2 veteran.
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 16:00:55
# Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Satoshi Nakamoto [satoshin@gmx.com](mailto:satoshin@gmx.com) www.bitcoin.org **Abstract.** A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work. The longest chain not only serves as proof of the sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came from the largest pool of CPU power. As long as a majority of CPU power is controlled by nodes that are not cooperating to attack the network, they'll generate the longest chain and outpace attackers. The network itself requires minimal structure. Messages are broadcast on a best effort basis, and nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the longest proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone. ## 1. Introduction Commerce on the Internet has come to rely almost exclusively on financial institutions serving as trusted third parties to process electronic payments. While the system works well enough for most transactions, it still suffers from the inherent weaknesses of the trust based model. Completely non-reversible transactions are not really possible, since financial institutions cannot avoid mediating disputes. The cost of mediation increases transaction costs, limiting the minimum practical transaction size and cutting off the possibility for small casual transactions, and there is a broader cost in the loss of ability to make non-reversible payments for non-reversible services. With the possibility of reversal, the need for trust spreads. Merchants must be wary of their customers, hassling them for more information than they would otherwise need. A certain percentage of fraud is accepted as unavoidable. These costs and payment uncertainties can be avoided in person by using physical currency, but no mechanism exists to make payments over a communications channel without a trusted party. What is needed is an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party. Transactions that are computationally impractical to reverse would protect sellers from fraud, and routine escrow mechanisms could easily be implemented to protect buyers. In this paper, we propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer distributed timestamp server to generate computational proof of the chronological order of transactions. The system is secure as long as honest nodes collectively control more CPU power than any cooperating group of attacker nodes. ## 2. Transactions We define an electronic coin as a chain of digital signatures. Each owner transfers the coin to the next by digitally signing a hash of the previous transaction and the public key of the next owner and adding these to the end of the coin. A payee can verify the signatures to verify the chain of ownership. ``` ┌─────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Transaction │ │ Transaction │ │ Transaction │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────────┐ │ │ ┌─────────────┐ │ │ ┌─────────────┐ │ │ │ Owner 1's │ │ │ │ Owner 2's │ │ │ │ Owner 3's │ │ │ │ Public Key │ │ │ │ Public Key │ │ │ │ Public Key │ │ │ └───────┬─────┘ │ │ └───────┬─────┘ │ │ └───────┬─────┘ │ │ │ . │ │ │ . │ │ │ │ ──────┼─────────┐ │ . ├───────────────┼─────────┐ │ . ├──────────────┼─────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ . │ │ │ │ . │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──▼─▼──┐ . │ │ ┌──▼─▼──┐ . │ │ ┌──▼─▼──┐ │ │ │ Hash │ . │ │ │ Hash │ . │ │ │ Hash │ │ │ └───┬───┘ . │ Verify │ └───┬───┘ . │ Verify │ └───┬───┘ │ │ │ ............................ │ ........................... │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──────▼──────┐ │ │ ┌─▼────▼──────┐ │ │ ┌─▼────▼──────┐ │ │ │ Owner 0's │ │ Sign │ │ Owner 1's │ │ Sign │ │ Owner 2's │ │ │ │ Signature │ │ ...........─►│ Signature │ │ ...........─►│ Signature │ │ │ └─────────────┘ │ . │ └─────────────┘ │ . │ └─────────────┘ │ │ │ . │ │ . │ │ └─────────────────────┘ . └─────────────────────┘ . └─────────────────────┘ . . ┌─────────────┐ . ┌─────────────┐ . ┌─────────────┐ │ Owner 1's │........... │ Owner 2's │.......... │ Owner 3's │ │ Private Key │ │ Private Key │ │ Private Key │ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ ``` The problem of course is the payee can't verify that one of the owners did not double-spend the coin. A common solution is to introduce a trusted central authority, or mint, that checks every transaction for double spending. After each transaction, the coin must be returned to the mint to issue a new coin, and only coins issued directly from the mint are trusted not to be double-spent. The problem with this solution is that the fate of the entire money system depends on the company running the mint, with every transaction having to go through them, just like a bank. We need a way for the payee to know that the previous owners did not sign any earlier transactions. For our purposes, the earliest transaction is the one that counts, so we don't care about later attempts to double-spend. The only way to confirm the absence of a transaction is to be aware of all transactions. In the mint based model, the mint was aware of all transactions and decided which arrived first. To accomplish this without a trusted party, transactions must be publicly announced [^1], and we need a system for participants to agree on a single history of the order in which they were received. The payee needs proof that at the time of each transaction, the majority of nodes agreed it was the first received. ## 3. Timestamp Server The solution we propose begins with a timestamp server. A timestamp server works by taking a hash of a block of items to be timestamped and widely publishing the hash, such as in a newspaper or Usenet post [^2] [^3] [^4] [^5]. The timestamp proves that the data must have existed at the time, obviously, in order to get into the hash. Each timestamp includes the previous timestamp in its hash, forming a chain, with each additional timestamp reinforcing the ones before it. ``` ┌──────┐ ┌──────┐ ────────────►│ ├───────────────────────►│ ├───────────────────► │ Hash │ │ Hash │ ┌───►│ │ ┌───►│ │ │ └──────┘ │ └──────┘ │ │ ┌┴──────────────────────────┐ ┌┴──────────────────────────┐ │ Block │ │ Block │ │ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │ │ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │ │ │Item │ │Item │ │... │ │ │ │Item │ │Item │ │... │ │ │ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ │ │ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────────┘ ``` ## 4. Proof-of-Work To implement a distributed timestamp server on a peer-to-peer basis, we will need to use a proof-of-work system similar to Adam Back's Hashcash [^6], rather than newspaper or Usenet posts. The proof-of-work involves scanning for a value that when hashed, such as with SHA-256, the hash begins with a number of zero bits. The average work required is exponential in the number of zero bits required and can be verified by executing a single hash. For our timestamp network, we implement the proof-of-work by incrementing a nonce in the block until a value is found that gives the block's hash the required zero bits. Once the CPU effort has been expended to make it satisfy the proof-of-work, the block cannot be changed without redoing the work. As later blocks are chained after it, the work to change the block would include redoing all the blocks after it. ``` ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Block │ │ Block │ │ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ ───────┼─►│ Prev Hash │ │ Nonce │ ├──────┼─►│ Prev Hash │ │ Nonce │ │ │ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │ │ Tx │ │ Tx │ │ ... │ │ │ │ Tx │ │ Tx │ │ ... │ │ │ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────┘ └────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` The proof-of-work also solves the problem of determining representation in majority decision making. If the majority were based on one-IP-address-one-vote, it could be subverted by anyone able to allocate many IPs. Proof-of-work is essentially one-CPU-one-vote. The majority decision is represented by the longest chain, which has the greatest proof-of-work effort invested in it. If a majority of CPU power is controlled by honest nodes, the honest chain will grow the fastest and outpace any competing chains. To modify a past block, an attacker would have to redo the proof-of-work of the block and all blocks after it and then catch up with and surpass the work of the honest nodes. We will show later that the probability of a slower attacker catching up diminishes exponentially as subsequent blocks are added. To compensate for increasing hardware speed and varying interest in running nodes over time, the proof-of-work difficulty is determined by a moving average targeting an average number of blocks per hour. If they're generated too fast, the difficulty increases. ## 5. Network The steps to run the network are as follows: 1. New transactions are broadcast to all nodes. 2. Each node collects new transactions into a block. 3. Each node works on finding a difficult proof-of-work for its block. 4. When a node finds a proof-of-work, it broadcasts the block to all nodes. 5. Nodes accept the block only if all transactions in it are valid and not already spent. 6. Nodes express their acceptance of the block by working on creating the next block in the chain, using the hash of the accepted block as the previous hash. Nodes always consider the longest chain to be the correct one and will keep working on extending it. If two nodes broadcast different versions of the next block simultaneously, some nodes may receive one or the other first. In that case, they work on the first one they received, but save the other branch in case it becomes longer. The tie will be broken when the next proof-of-work is found and one branch becomes longer; the nodes that were working on the other branch will then switch to the longer one. New transaction broadcasts do not necessarily need to reach all nodes. As long as they reach many nodes, they will get into a block before long. Block broadcasts are also tolerant of dropped messages. If a node does not receive a block, it will request it when it receives the next block and realizes it missed one. ## 6. Incentive By convention, the first transaction in a block is a special transaction that starts a new coin owned by the creator of the block. This adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and provides a way to initially distribute coins into circulation, since there is no central authority to issue them. The steady addition of a constant of amount of new coins is analogous to gold miners expending resources to add gold to circulation. In our case, it is CPU time and electricity that is expended. The incentive can also be funded with transaction fees. If the output value of a transaction is less than its input value, the difference is a transaction fee that is added to the incentive value of the block containing the transaction. Once a predetermined number of coins have entered circulation, the incentive can transition entirely to transaction fees and be completely inflation free. The incentive may help encourage nodes to stay honest. If a greedy attacker is able to assemble more CPU power than all the honest nodes, he would have to choose between using it to defraud people by stealing back his payments, or using it to generate new coins. He ought to find it more profitable to play by the rules, such rules that favour him with more new coins than everyone else combined, than to undermine the system and the validity of his own wealth. ## 7. Reclaiming Disk Space Once the latest transaction in a coin is buried under enough blocks, the spent transactions before it can be discarded to save disk space. To facilitate this without breaking the block's hash, transactions are hashed in a Merkle Tree [^7] [^2] [^5], with only the root included in the block's hash. Old blocks can then be compacted by stubbing off branches of the tree. The interior hashes do not need to be stored. ``` ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Block ┌─────────────────────────────┐ │ │ Block ┌─────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Block Header (Block Hash) │ │ │ │ Block Header (Block Hash) │ │ │ │ ┌────────────┐ ┌─────────┐ │ │ │ │ ┌────────────┐ ┌─────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Prev Hash │ │ Nonce │ │ │ │ │ │ Prev Hash │ │ Nonce │ │ │ │ │ └────────────┘ └─────────┘ │ │ │ │ └────────────┘ └─────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────────┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Root Hash │ │ │ │ │ │ Root Hash │ │ │ │ │ └─────▲─▲─────┘ │ │ │ │ └─────▲─▲─────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────┼─┼───────────────┘ │ │ └───────────┼─┼───────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ .......... │ │ .......... │ │ ┌────────┐ │ │ .......... │ │ . ─────┘ └─────. . │ │ │ ├────┘ └─────. . │ │ . Hash01 . . Hash23 . │ │ │ Hash01 │ . Hash23 . │ │ .▲.....▲.. .▲.....▲.. │ │ │ │ .▲.....▲.. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ .....│.. ..│..... .....│.. ..│..... │ │ ┌────┴─┐ ..│..... │ │ . . . . . . . . │ │ │ │ . . │ │ .Hash0 . .Hash1 . .Hash2 . .Hash3 . │ │ │Hash2 │ .Hash3 . │ │ ...▲.... ...▲.... ...▲.... ...▲.... │ │ │ │ . . │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └──────┘ ...▲.... │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──┴───┐ ┌──┴───┐ ┌──┴───┐ ┌──┴───┐ │ │ ┌──┴───┐ │ │ │ Tx0 │ │ Tx1 │ │ Tx2 │ │ Tx3 │ │ │ │ Tx3 │ │ │ └──────┘ └──────┘ └──────┘ └──────┘ │ │ └──────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────┘ └──────────────────────────────────────────┘ Transactions Hashed in a Merkle Tree After Pruning Tx0-2 from the Block ``` A block header with no transactions would be about 80 bytes. If we suppose blocks are generated every 10 minutes, 80 bytes * 6 * 24 * 365 = 4.2MB per year. With computer systems typically selling with 2GB of RAM as of 2008, and Moore's Law predicting current growth of 1.2GB per year, storage should not be a problem even if the block headers must be kept in memory. ## 8. Simplified Payment Verification It is possible to verify payments without running a full network node. A user only needs to keep a copy of the block headers of the longest proof-of-work chain, which he can get by querying network nodes until he's convinced he has the longest chain, and obtain the Merkle branch linking the transaction to the block it's timestamped in. He can't check the transaction for himself, but by linking it to a place in the chain, he can see that a network node has accepted it, and blocks added after it further confirm the network has accepted it. ``` Longest Proof-of-Work Chain ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Block Header │ │ Block Header │ │ Block Header │ │ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ ───────┼─►│ Prev Hash │ │ Nonce │ ├──────┼─►│ Prev Hash │ │ Nonce │ ├───────┼─►│ Prev Hash │ │ Nonce │ ├────────► │ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌───────────────────┐ │ │ ┌────────────────────┐ │ │ ┌───────────────────┐ │ │ │ Merkle Root │ │ │ │ Merkle Root │ │ │ │ Merkle Root │ │ │ └───────────────────┘ │ │ └────────▲─▲─────────┘ │ │ └───────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └────────────────────────────────────────┘ └─────────────┼─┼────────────────────────┘ └────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ ┌────────┐ │ │ .......... │ ├────┘ └─────. . │ Hash01 │ . Hash23 . │ │ .▲.....▲.. └────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ Merkle Branch for Tx3 │ │ ┌─────┴─┐ ..│..... │ │ . . │ Hash2 │ .Hash3 . │ │ . . └───────┘ ...▲.... │ │ ┌───┴───┐ │ Tx3 │ └───────┘ ``` As such, the verification is reliable as long as honest nodes control the network, but is more vulnerable if the network is overpowered by an attacker. While network nodes can verify transactions for themselves, the simplified method can be fooled by an attacker's fabricated transactions for as long as the attacker can continue to overpower the network. One strategy to protect against this would be to accept alerts from network nodes when they detect an invalid block, prompting the user's software to download the full block and alerted transactions to confirm the inconsistency. Businesses that receive frequent payments will probably still want to run their own nodes for more independent security and quicker verification. ## 9. Combining and Splitting Value Although it would be possible to handle coins individually, it would be unwieldy to make a separate transaction for every cent in a transfer. To allow value to be split and combined, transactions contain multiple inputs and outputs. Normally there will be either a single input from a larger previous transaction or multiple inputs combining smaller amounts, and at most two outputs: one for the payment, and one returning the change, if any, back to the sender. ``` ┌──────────────────────┐ │ Transaction │ │ │ │ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │ ─────┼──►│ in │ │ out │ ──┼─────► │ └─────┘ └─────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │ ─────┼──►│ in │ │ ... │ ──┼─────► │ └─────┘ └─────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────┐ │ ─────┼──►│... │ │ │ └─────┘ │ │ │ └──────────────────────┘ ``` It should be noted that fan-out, where a transaction depends on several transactions, and those transactions depend on many more, is not a problem here. There is never the need to extract a complete standalone copy of a transaction's history. ## 10. Privacy The traditional banking model achieves a level of privacy by limiting access to information to the parties involved and the trusted third party. The necessity to announce all transactions publicly precludes this method, but privacy can still be maintained by breaking the flow of information in another place: by keeping public keys anonymous. The public can see that someone is sending an amount to someone else, but without information linking the transaction to anyone. This is similar to the level of information released by stock exchanges, where the time and size of individual trades, the "tape", is made public, but without telling who the parties were. ``` Traditional Privacy Models │ ┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ ┌────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ Trusted │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Identities ├──┤ Transactions ├───►│ Third Party ├──►│ Counterparty │ │ │ Public │ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ └────────┘ │ New Privacy Model ┌────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ │ Identities │ │ │ Transactions ├───►│ Public │ └──────────────┘ │ └──────────────┘ │ │ └────────┘ ``` As an additional firewall, a new key pair should be used for each transaction to keep them from being linked to a common owner. Some linking is still unavoidable with multi-input transactions, which necessarily reveal that their inputs were owned by the same owner. The risk is that if the owner of a key is revealed, linking could reveal other transactions that belonged to the same owner. ## 11. Calculations We consider the scenario of an attacker trying to generate an alternate chain faster than the honest chain. Even if this is accomplished, it does not throw the system open to arbitrary changes, such as creating value out of thin air or taking money that never belonged to the attacker. Nodes are not going to accept an invalid transaction as payment, and honest nodes will never accept a block containing them. An attacker can only try to change one of his own transactions to take back money he recently spent. The race between the honest chain and an attacker chain can be characterized as a Binomial Random Walk. The success event is the honest chain being extended by one block, increasing its lead by +1, and the failure event is the attacker's chain being extended by one block, reducing the gap by -1. The probability of an attacker catching up from a given deficit is analogous to a Gambler's Ruin problem. Suppose a gambler with unlimited credit starts at a deficit and plays potentially an infinite number of trials to try to reach breakeven. We can calculate the probability he ever reaches breakeven, or that an attacker ever catches up with the honest chain, as follows [^8]: ```plaintext p = probability an honest node finds the next block< q = probability the attacker finds the next block q = probability the attacker will ever catch up from z blocks behind `````` $$ qz = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } p \leq q \\ \left(\frac{q}{p}\right) z & \text{if } p > q \end{cases} $$ Given our assumption that p > q, the probability drops exponentially as the number of blocks the attacker has to catch up with increases. With the odds against him, if he doesn't make a lucky lunge forward early on, his chances become vanishingly small as he falls further behind. We now consider how long the recipient of a new transaction needs to wait before being sufficiently certain the sender can't change the transaction. We assume the sender is an attacker who wants to make the recipient believe he paid him for a while, then switch it to pay back to himself after some time has passed. The receiver will be alerted when that happens, but the sender hopes it will be too late. The receiver generates a new key pair and gives the public key to the sender shortly before signing. This prevents the sender from preparing a chain of blocks ahead of time by working on it continuously until he is lucky enough to get far enough ahead, then executing the transaction at that moment. Once the transaction is sent, the dishonest sender starts working in secret on a parallel chain containing an alternate version of his transaction. The recipient waits until the transaction has been added to a block and z blocks have been linked after it. He doesn't know the exact amount of progress the attacker has made, but assuming the honest blocks took the average expected time per block, the attacker's potential progress will be a Poisson distribution with expected value: $$ \lambda = z\frac{q}{p} $$ To get the probability the attacker could still catch up now, we multiply the Poisson density for each amount of progress he could have made by the probability he could catch up from that point: $$ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{\lambda^k e^{-\lambda}}{k!} \cdot \left\{ \begin{array}{cl} \left(\frac{q}{p}\right)^{(z-k)} & \text{if } k \leq z \\ 1 & \text{if } k > z \end{array} \right. $$ Rearranging to avoid summing the infinite tail of the distribution... $$ 1 - \sum_{k=0}^{z} \frac{\lambda^k e^{-\lambda}}{k!} \left(1-\left(\frac{q}{p}\right)^{(z-k)}\right) $$ Converting to C code... ```c #include <math.h> double AttackerSuccessProbability(double q, int z) { double p = 1.0 - q; double lambda = z * (q / p); double sum = 1.0; int i, k; for (k = 0; k <= z; k++) { double poisson = exp(-lambda); for (i = 1; i <= k; i++) poisson *= lambda / i; sum -= poisson * (1 - pow(q / p, z - k)); } return sum; } ``` Running some results, we can see the probability drop off exponentially with z. ```plaintext q=0.1 z=0 P=1.0000000 z=1 P=0.2045873 z=2 P=0.0509779 z=3 P=0.0131722 z=4 P=0.0034552 z=5 P=0.0009137 z=6 P=0.0002428 z=7 P=0.0000647 z=8 P=0.0000173 z=9 P=0.0000046 z=10 P=0.0000012 q=0.3 z=0 P=1.0000000 z=5 P=0.1773523 z=10 P=0.0416605 z=15 P=0.0101008 z=20 P=0.0024804 z=25 P=0.0006132 z=30 P=0.0001522 z=35 P=0.0000379 z=40 P=0.0000095 z=45 P=0.0000024 z=50 P=0.0000006 ``` Solving for P less than 0.1%... ```plaintext P < 0.001 q=0.10 z=5 q=0.15 z=8 q=0.20 z=11 q=0.25 z=15 q=0.30 z=24 q=0.35 z=41 q=0.40 z=89 q=0.45 z=340 ``` ## 12. Conclusion We have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust. We started with the usual framework of coins made from digital signatures, which provides strong control of ownership, but is incomplete without a way to prevent double-spending. To solve this, we proposed a peer-to-peer network using proof-of-work to record a public history of transactions that quickly becomes computationally impractical for an attacker to change if honest nodes control a majority of CPU power. The network is robust in its unstructured simplicity. Nodes work all at once with little coordination. They do not need to be identified, since messages are not routed to any particular place and only need to be delivered on a best effort basis. Nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone. They vote with their CPU power, expressing their acceptance of valid blocks by working on extending them and rejecting invalid blocks by refusing to work on them. Any needed rules and incentives can be enforced with this consensus mechanism. <br> ### References --- [^1]: W. Dai, "b-money," http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt, 1998. [^2]: H. Massias, X.S. Avila, and J.-J. Quisquater, "Design of a secure timestamping service with minimal trust requirements," In 20th Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux, May 1999. [^3]: S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "How to time-stamp a digital document," In Journal of Cryptology, vol 3, no 2, pages 99-111, 1991. [^4]: D. Bayer, S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Improving the efficiency and reliability of digital time-stamping," In Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security and Computer Science, pages 329-334, 1993. [^5]: S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Secure names for bit-strings," In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 28-35, April 1997. [^6]: A. Back, "Hashcash - a denial of service counter-measure," http://www.hashcash.org/papers/hashcash.pdf, 2002. [^7]: R.C. Merkle, "Protocols for public key cryptosystems," In Proc. 1980 Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society, pages 122-133, April 1980. [^8]: W. Feller, "An introduction to probability theory and its applications," 1957. -
@ 0176967e:1e6f471e
2024-07-21 15:48:56
Lístky na festival Lunarpunku sú už v predaji na našom crowdfunding portáli. V predaji sú dva typy lístkov - štandardný vstup a špeciálny vstup spolu s workshopom oranžového leta.
Neváhajte a zabezpečte si lístok, čím skôr to urobíte, tým bude festival lepší.
Platiť môžete Bitcoinom - Lightningom aj on-chain. Vaša vstupenka je e-mail adresa (neposielame potvrdzujúce e-maily, ak platba prešla, ste in).
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:46:37
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:44:04
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:42:55
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:39:51
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:38:33
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:34:32
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:33:27
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:31:26
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:30:52
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:28:02
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:27:39
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@ 8e7462a8:c723a97b
2024-07-21 15:26:43
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@ 1aa437b3:51119dbd
2024-07-21 14:42:12
As topic says, is there a thing such as connecting to to many Nostr relays? What number are you pushing to many at or what should be the max if any?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/616313
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-21 13:18:27
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/615090/r/Undisciplined
Great conversation about default zaps two years ago. It seems we're destined to have this conversation with each wave of new stackers.
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July 21, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTWhen was/is/will be the GOLDEN age of Bitcoin?
1818 sats \ 21 comments \ @shadowymartian \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/212283/r/Undisciplined?commentId=212309
Excerpt
HODL contracts and HODL invoices are the same right?
No. "Hodl contracts" is the name of a python app I made that uses hodl invoices to emulate an oracle service on the lightning network. Hodl invoices allow a merchant -- Bob -- to programmatica […]
1384 sats \ 2 replies \ @super_testnet
From Who Wants To Build Sports Betting on Lightning? by @kr in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @nerd2ninja (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
1562 stacked \ 1354 spent \ 1 post \ 3 comments \ 0 referrals
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TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
25.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 28.5k spent \ 78 posts \ 119 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 21, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTWhat's your default tipping rate? Why?
Excerpt
Mine is 888 - I just changed it from the default 10. I want to grow this ecosystem, and 10 sats won't do a whole lot. I also enjoy the number 8, infinity. […]
1326 sats \ 64 comments \ @mikhael \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/47824/r/Undisciplined?commentId=47845
Excerpt
i go with 99, hoping someone else gets the satisfaction of tipping 1 sat and seeing an even 100. i’ve also been thinking about ways to get more people to tip, or at least to change their default tip amounts to something more significant... thoughts […]
3126 sats \ 10 replies \ @kr
From What's your default tipping rate? Why? by @mikhael in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
39k stacked \ 47.4k spent \ 1 post \ 24 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
145.3k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 182.8k spent \ 124 posts \ 335 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 21, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTLink to https://www.thebword.org/c/track-1-demystifying-bitcoin
14 sats \ 10 comments \ @notgeld \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/438/r/Undisciplined?commentId=441
Excerpt
I sadly do not hack on main chain stuff yet. I've heard its hard to get a whole bitcoin on testnet.
100 sats \ 0 replies \ @sha256
From Testnet faucets. Please add yours by @notgeld in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @sha256
0 stacked \ 2 spent \ 0 posts \ 1 comment \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
96 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 284 spent \ 17 posts \ 36 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/616182
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@ 0176967e:1e6f471e
2024-07-21 11:28:18
Čo nám prinášajú exotické protokoly ako Nostr, Cashu alebo Reticulum? Šifrovanie, podpisovanie, peer to peer komunikáciu, nové spôsoby šírenia a odmeňovania obsahu.
Ukážeme si kúl appky, ako sa dajú jednotlivé siete prepájať a ako spolu súvisia.
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@ 0176967e:1e6f471e
2024-07-21 11:24:21
Podnikanie je jazyk s "crystal clear" pravidlami. Inštrumentalisti vidia podnikanie staticky, a toto videnie prenášajú na spoločnosť. Preto nás spoločnosť vníma často negatívne. Skutoční podnikatelia sú však "komunikátori".
Jozef Martiniak je zakladateľ AUSEKON - Institute of Austrian School of Economics
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@ 0176967e:1e6f471e
2024-07-21 11:20:40
Ako sa snažím praktizovať LunarPunk bez budovania opcionality "odchodom" do zahraničia. Nie každý je ochotný alebo schopný meniť "miesto", ako však v takom prípade minimalizovať interakciu so štátom? Nie návod, skôr postrehy z bežného života.
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@ dd664d5e:5633d319
2024-07-21 10:46:33
My suggestion for scaling up and staying humble
The original protocol design was "good enough for now"
When Nostr was invented and got started with developing implementations, the Original Devs (ODs) were convinced this was going to be big... maybe... someday... hopefully.
But, whatever they did at the moment should definitely scale up a bit and be a bit flexible, to attract innovators and keep up the momentum. So, they designed the protocol to be open and left the specifications a bit vague and very high-level, so that nobody was forced into a particular implementation, in order to adhere to the spec. And they put the specs into a GitHub repository and managed them by a committee of collaborators, who were generally open to changes to the specs, including breaking changes.
That was smart. And it was "good enough for now"... back then. After all, Nostr (and the associated wiki and modular article specs) hadn't been invented, yet, so they couldn't write the protocol in the protocol before the protocol existed. They're good, but not that good.
What they specifically wrote, into the Nostr Protocol was:
To promote interoperability, we standards (sic) that everybody can follow, and we need them to define a single way of doing each thing without ever hurting backwards-compatibility, and for that purpose there is no way around getting everybody to agree on the same thing and keep a centralized index of these standards...
Standards may emerge in two ways: the first way is that someone starts doing something, then others copy it; the second way is that someone has an idea of a new standard that could benefit multiple clients and the protocol in general without breaking backwards-compatibility and the principle of having a single way of doing things, then they write that idea and submit it to this repository, other interested parties read it and give their feedback, then once most people reasonably agree we codify that in a NIP which client and relay developers that are interested in the feature can proceed to implement.
I disagree with this statement.
I don't disagree with what they meant, or what they wanted, I disagree with what they specifically wrote.
Standards (defined as prose specifications) are not the only -- or even best -- way to ensure interoperability or to check for backwards-compatibility. And, as they later note, basing a protocol off of implementations is arguably worse (but faster) than using specifications, as implementations have a life of their own and are sometimes simply shoddy or buggy, their content eventually differs from what ends up in the final standard, or there are soon multiple implementations covering the same spec "in theory", but not in practice, so that their events are incompatible.
And then the inevitable, heated discussion begins: * Which implementation is the Real Standard™? * Who controls the Real Standard™? * How is the Real Standard™ spec supposed to be written? * Does everything have to be in the same file type or markup language? If not, how can we ensure compatibility? * What is realistic content for the data files? * Is the Real Standard™ including all of the information needed to ensure interoperability, but not anything more, without reducing innovation and artificially forcing consensus by encouraging copy-paste or forking of product code?
There is a third way: write the test first
We actually do not need standards to define a single way of doing each thing. A test is another way, and I think it is the best (i.e. the most-efficient and most-effective) way.
Specifically, I think we can borrow the simple behavior-driven design (BDD) language called Gherkin (or something similar), which is used to write dynamic specifications: i.e. implementations that test adherence to a set of rules, rather than an implementation that uses the rules to perform some task for an end user.
Gherkin simply allows you to create standard scenarios and test data and write the tests up in a way that can be performed manually or through automation. For example ( source ):
(For a concrete example of such a TDD Protocol for Nostr, please see the nostr-voliere repo from nostr:npub1axy65mspxl2j5sgweky6uk0h4klmp00vj7rtjxquxure2j6vlf5smh6ukq .)
This really is better
This TDD Protocol design would have some downsides and some upsides, of course, like any change.
Downsides
- You can't write a TDD spec by yourself unless you understand basic software functionality, how to define an acceptance test, and can formulate a use case or user story.
- The specs will be more informative and agnostic, but also longer and more detailed.
- Someone will have to propose concrete test data (i.e. a complete json event) and spec interlinking will be explicit, rather than writing "...", "etc.", or "sorta like in that other section/doc, but not really" all over the place.
- The specs will tend to focus on positive cases, and leave off error-handling or most edge-cases, so developers can't use them to replace unit tests or other verification of their product.
Upsides
- The specs will be concrete and clear, in a type of pseudocode, while leaving the actual implementation of any feature up to the individual developer, who uses the spec.
- The specs will be orderly and uniquely-identifiable, and can have hierarchy and granularity (major and minor tests, optional tests, tests only under certain conditions, etc.)
- Deciding whether changes to the spec are breaking changes to the protocol would be simple to determine: Does the previous test still pass?
- Specs will always be final, they will simply be versioned and become more or less defined over time, as the tests are adjusted.
- Product developers will feel less like they "own" particular specs, since their implementation is actually what they own and the two remain permanently separate.
- Developers can create an implementation list, defining specific tests in specific versions, that they adhere to. This makes it more transparent, what their product actually does, and lowers their own documentation burden.
- Rather than stalking the NIPs for changes, or worrying about what some other implementation someplace has built, developers can just pull the repo and try running the relevant tests.
- Each product developer can test the spec by trying to perform or automate/run it, and request changes to ensure testability, raising the quality of the spec review process.
This is already a lot to think about, so I'm just going to end this here. Thank you for reading.
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-21 09:18:45
Well, folks, I’m starting to see the light at the end of this data tunnel. After a seemingly endless 12-hour format, my stubborn SSD finally decided to cooperate. With that hurdle cleared, I dove headfirst into the world of data migration.
Last night was a whirlwind of activity: changing to a new bed, data copying, and a valiant battle against a pesky mosquito net. I managed to keep my sanity intact until around 2 am, when sleep finally claimed me. But let's not forget the culinary highlight of the evening: Wali Maharagwe - a simple yet satisfying rice and bean dish that hit the spot perfectly. Check out this photo, it's a local favorite and incredibly affordable.
This morning, I woke up feeling not really refreshed and still tired, but ready to conquer the remaining data challenges. After a cold shower, quick breakfast and a chat with a fellow traveler, I’m back at it, transferring data from one SSD to another. Fingers crossed this one behaves itself!
One thing's for sure, the temperature has taken a drastic drop compared to the warmth of Mombasa. I'm grateful for my trusty fleece as I shiver my way through the day. It's a stark contrast to the 27 degree Celsius I was enjoying just a short distance away.
So, while I continue my data wrangling, I hope you all are enjoying a relaxing Sunday. Stay tuned for more updates on my progress!
Online
If you'd like to show your appreciation, you can send a tip via the Lightning Network to rubenstorm@sats.mobi. (QR code available in the image)
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@ f0aca767:dce3306e
2024-07-21 03:11:21
Mastodon is obviously an already established and semi-well known social network--A user-owned network of communities. But one of the biggest issues I always see the corporate social media denizens talk about, is that the loss of content when moving instances (sometimes, you have to do this) is one of the biggest turn-offs. And that's definitely something I can attest to. If I were still on mastodon.social, from my humble posting-beginnings in 2017, I'd have a post history longer than five football fields and probably plenty to cringe at.
The question remains: Why haven't we been able to take this history with us ... if every instance you've ever been federated with is keeping that data.
What do I mean by this?
Every single time you post on Mastodon, your words get pushed out to other instances (servers), and in order for people to be able to read what you said, a copy of it is downloaded onto that server. It does this very quickly, so quick that it seems as though it happens in real-time. And, for all intents and purposes, I'm not inclined to believe that it doesn't.
If you've ever had an account on an instance that isn't mastodon.social, and you have a posting history, and you remember your username: Go over to mastodon.social, create a burner account, and then search up that username.
Yeah, you see that? Your entire body of posting-work is still there, even if you deleted your account, even if the instance you were on is long dead.
This is obviously not true for every server. Some choose to delete old content to make space for the new, but there are many Mastodon servers out there retaining everything ever posted, like mastodon.social.
But what point am I trying to get at here? As far as you're probably concerned, even if that data still exists, and your account, and instance does not, you can't access it, right? You can't reclaim everything you've said and done, and put it back where it belongs: Under your ownership.
Or, what if you could?
If you've been following my posting history on here in the past week, I've been screwing around with Nostr, and musing about Bluesky. Two networks using a similar protocol, that I feel are getting the idea of what I'm thinking of here, only about 75% correct.
Bluesky's problem, is that the protocol is owned by ... the owners. The corporation. Your keys report to their server, and in return, so does your content. A central server that has a lot of different keyholes.
Not really the optimal experience, because you can't create your own server, and build your own community, and survive if the main Bluesky datacenter goes out, right? The only thing you can do is host your own software that essentially just holds keys and content, and, as far as I know, all of that will be worthless if the devs ever go offline with the main server.
So then there's Nostr, where all of your data lives everywhere on the network, and as long as you have your keys, you can use any app that utilizes the protocol, and continually access everything you post, forever. You can't be banned, but you also can't block anyone. And any random stranger can take your public key from your profile, and view your entire everything (as I've said before).
I would say this is also not really that optimal. The idea is great, but the execution trades privacy for extreme versatility.
This brings us back to Mastodon, which is still in active development, still receiving new features, and ... well, kind of also only has the whole thing about 75% correct.
There's that last little bit we're missing here.
The user should have the option of a community, a personal community away from what's viewed to be the central Mastodon server and have their privacy, but, they should also be able to retain their posts, and their bookmarks, and their likes, and their lists, and everything else.
How do we accomplish this?
Keys.
The entire fediverse (for the most part) already has all of your content. So, if every user had a key tying them to that content, no matter where you're located, be it mastodon.social, or mkultra.monster, then you could just go wherever you want?
That's the idea, at least.
Your content becomes immortal, immutable, and that's the one missing puzzle piece to ActivityPub. I am 100% sure of this, and I don't know what the developer stance is on the topic of keys and immutable data, but I fully believe this is something that should be on their roadmap. Yes, storage space is a concern ... but holding onto the text content of a post is much easier, and smaller in size, than holding onto larger pieces of data (like photos, and videos). If you scrolled back to five years ago and found something you posted, but the only thing you could see was the text, would you be all that disappointed?
I guess that part is subjective.
Mastodon is already setup nearly identical to Nostr, except users live on the relays. So just ... add user generated keys to the mix, and I am 100% double-dippin' certain that most of the naysayers being spammed by engagement farming on Threads and Twitter will jump ship.
Mark my worms.
If it isn't. Well. They're making a huge mistake.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-20 12:15:23
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/613971/r/Undisciplined
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July 20, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTFrostsnap - Easy, personalized, secure bitcoin multisig for everyone
Link to https://frostsnap.com/introducing-frostsnap.html
6034 sats \ 19 comments \ @utxoclub \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/211668/r/Undisciplined?commentId=211676
Excerpt
Check out @super_testnet's super simple Superstore: https://stacker.news/items/167945
614 sats \ 0 replies \ @OneOneSeven
From Making a Store by @Undergotten in ~nostr
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @utxoclub (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
4679 stacked \ 1826 spent \ 1 post \ 5 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
48.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 55.2k spent \ 84 posts \ 166 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 20, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTI'm John Cantrell, entrepreneur, spiral grantee, and creator of Sensei. AMA
Excerpt
I'm @johncantrell97 and I've been working on and around Bitcoin for over a decade now. Most recently I've been working on Sensei as part of a Spiral grant.
112.7k sats \ 54 comments \ @JohnCantrell97 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/47509/r/Undisciplined?commentId=47521
Excerpt
"As of the end of Q2, we have converted approximately 75% of our Bitcoin purchases into fiat currency." Tesla didn't HODL. Or deploy as liquidity on Lightning to earn yield. Some just have to learn the hard way 🤷♂️ […]
329 sats \ 4 replies \ @holzapfelbaum
From Tesla Sells 75% of Bitcoin Holdings by @kr in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
11.9k stacked \ 108.1k spent \ 4 posts \ 19 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
130.5k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 140k spent \ 113 posts \ 249 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 20, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTThe Bitcoin Miners banned from China are coming back online in force, bois!
Excerpt
https://bitinfocharts.com/comparison/bitcoin-hashrate.html Don't let your lettuce hands leave you with regrets. Stack those sats!
7 sats \ 3 comments \ @03cdf4abc3 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/428/r/Undisciplined?commentId=429
Excerpt
We're supposed to believe he's acting in the interest of the people to support of a censorship resistant platform for the exchange of value while not doing anything of note to further the interests of the people regarding a censorship resistant platform for exchanging words that he just happens to be the CEO of. They deplatformed the president of the united states.
1 sat \ 1 reply \ @03cdf4abc3
From Forget Elon Musk, Jack Dorsey Is the Hero Bitcoin Deserves for the Coming Years. by @shawnyeager in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKERNo top stacker
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
43 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 71 spent \ 9 posts \ 14 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/615090
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-20 10:35:42
Another day, another adventure in tech hell. Let’s start with last night. I was hoping to get some inspiration from an audio story before bed, but my brain decided to short-circuit. Woke up at 4 AM with headphones still on, no recollection of the story, and a general sense of disorientation.
Fast forward to this morning, I managed to escape the dorm for a quick shower and some much-needed coffee. Feeling somewhat human again, I tackled the beast that is my external SSD. It’s a 1TB behemoth that decided to be extra dramatic this morning. I’ve been staring at a “12 hours to go” message for what feels like an eternity. Who knew formatting a drive could be such a suspenseful ordeal?
This drive has been giving me trouble lately. It’s like it has a grudge or something. Constantly going into read-only mode, refusing to save large files. I think my 25,000 travel photos might be a bit too much for it. It’s not even that old! I switched from a heavy HDD to this thing for portability, and now it makes me trouble.
I’m hoping that once this formatting nightmare is over, I’ll have a happy, healthy SSD. I’ve decided to format it as exFAT, so at least it should be compatible with everything. But then I have two more drives to deal with. This is turning into a full-blown data relocation project. Why didn’t I do this when I was chilling in Kilifi?
Oh well, at least the weather is improving. Yesterday was the coldest day since I’ve been in Africa. Even my trusty fleece got some use.
Wish me luck on this digital odyssey!
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@ 0176967e:1e6f471e
2024-07-20 08:28:00
Tento rok vás čaká workshop na tému "oranžové leto" s Jurajom Bednárom a Mariannou Sádeckou. Dozviete sa ako mení naše vnímanie skúsenosť s Bitcoinom, ako sa navigovať v dnešnom svete a odstrániť mentálnu hmlu spôsobenú fiat životom.
Na workshop je potrebný extra lístok (môžete si ho dokúpiť aj na mieste).
Pre viac informácií o oranžovom lete odporúčame pred workshopom vypočuťi si podcast na túto tému.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-19 14:14:15
It's been a while since I've scolded everyone for their miserliness. The recent archiving of some popular territories inspired me to make another attempt. Plus, there are quite a few new stackers who haven't been scolded, yet.
I'll keep this one short and sweet: 1. Territory owners need to make about 100 kilosats per month. 2. They earn their sats through posting fees. 3. OP's need to recoup their posting costs through zaps.
Therefore, when there's content you like, zap big and zap often.
If there's a lack of content you like, cowboy up and write it yourself. We just might make it worth your while.
Zapping more can pay for itself through the rewards system (see: https://stacker.news/items/287074/r/Undisciplined and https://stacker.news/items/473181/r/Undisciplined)
Also, zapping more will make Stacker News more aligned with what you want it to be: https://stacker.news/items/523858/r/Undisciplined.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/614066
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-19 12:50:20
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/612715/r/Undisciplined
I enjoyed the discussion in the 2022 AMA. I'd love to have some more stackers reporting more on the developing world. How is the bitcoin ecosystem developing? What problems is it solving for people?
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July 19, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTBitcoin Optech Newsletter #260
Link to https://bitcoinops.org/en/newsletters/2023/07/19/
2733 sats \ 0 comments \ @ssaurel \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/211250/r/Undisciplined?commentId=211288
Excerpt
Been very busy recently replicating the Indranet architecture to the guy who's been paying me to design and build it. It's been great for me in terms of helping delineate the core principles of the design and to spot some possible design flaws, as we […]
340 sats \ 0 replies \ @l0k18
From What are you working on this week? by @sn in ~meta
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @nerd2ninja (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
1335 stacked \ 2158 spent \ 0 posts \ 6 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
22.1k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29.9k spent \ 110 posts \ 192 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 19, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTI'm Alex Gladstein. CSO of the Human Rights Foundation. AMA
Excerpt
I am also the author of Check Your Financial Privilege.
93.1k sats \ 48 comments \ @gladstein \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/47002/r/Undisciplined?commentId=47018
Excerpt
Bitcoin is likely playing a nascent role in cross-border payments between South Korea, China, and NK, but it's too early too tell
470 sats \ 0 replies \ @gladstein
From I'm Alex Gladstein. CSO of the Human Rights Foundation. AMA by @gladstein in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
13.5k stacked \ 92.4k spent \ 3 posts \ 13 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
126.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 132k spent \ 94 posts \ 300 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 19, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTLink to https://bitcoinkpis.com/
3 sats \ 3 comments \ @nathanael \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/398/r/Undisciplined?commentId=409
Excerpt
nice - i added it there - welcome
2 sats \ 1 reply \ @nathanael
From Stacker.News Community by @gmd in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKERNo top stacker
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
11 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 15 spent \ 1 post \ 7 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/613971
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@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f
2024-07-19 07:39:10
Just started looking into powdered mushrooms and was wondering if stackers have used or use any for supplementation. I have previously tried Lion's mane and chaga, and since haven't but am interested in playing around with them again. Cordyceps does sound interesting, if anyone has any experience taking them.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/613694
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@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1
2024-07-18 19:38:47
Each relay selects a branch from above and starts serving.
Some big machines in the top layers can handle more. Smaller machines in layers below are needed for decentralization and scalability.
Some top layer machines can act in sync only mode, efficiently distributing notes among layers.
Relay or the admin posts a special kind for advertisement of the relay:
```
{ "pubkey": "...pubkey of admin or the relay itself..", "kind": 30202, "tags": [ ["d","..10"], ["ip4","111.222.33.44:443","primary"], ["ip6","abc:def::443","backup"], ], ... } ```
The above example says this relay will handle the note id's that are ending with bits ..10. In this case it is going to handle about 1/4th of the network.
Primary way of reaching at this relay is through ip 111.222.33.44. There is also a backup server.
Clients can accept this advertisement based on web of trust or historical reliability of the npub. Or other npubs can measure the reliability of this relay and send reactions to this note. Clients then can see these reactions and rank these services.
Solves: - Possible future DNS ban issues: I don't know when or if DNS will be an issue for Nostr. The above design can help with the situation.
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Scalability: If 1 million users join the network at the same time, the machines that are handling ".." i.e. all of the traffic may fail. But if the clients are using relays on other layers, the load will be efficiently distributed to many machines. The failure of layer 0 and 1 will not stop the network. Every layer can operate independently without the other layers (in theory).
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Traffic efficiency: A client has to query many relays, depending on what it wants to do. It may choose to stay efficient (talk to top layers) on mobile traffic, or it may choose to help decentralization over wifi. The notes that match the queries will not be repeated as many times as current design, because relays will hold a portion of the network.
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Storage efficiency: Relay operators can just save a part of the network that they are responsible for, on NVME drives. The rest of the network they can save in hard drives. In case of major failure the hard drives can still have a copy.
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Speed: Since the notes will come from many different relays at the same time, there may be a slight speed increase.
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Decentralization: If the top layer relays collude and start banning the other layers can still continue to serve notes.
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Backup relay: In case a relay instance fails, users can find the backup server on the same note.
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Zero down time migration: The ability to define a backup server allows zero down time migrations. An operator can set the primary to the new server and backup to the old server and do migration and continue without interruption.
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Efficient sync among servers: A relay has to sync with 3 servers, 1 above, 2 below. But it can do 6 or 9 depending on how much reliability it wants.
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Writing to logN relays: Clients has to write to logN relays (i.e. 1 relay in each layer), to effectively distribute their notes to everyone and also to help with decentralization.
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-07-18 19:19:16
These are my very preliminary RB rankings, my only research being the RotoWire depth charts and player notes.
**Tier 1
Christian McCaffrey**
He’s 28 years old, has 1,402 career carries including the postseason and weighs only 205 pounds at 5-11. But McCaffrey is arguably the greatest running back all time, when you include the pass catching, and he’s in the league’s best system for backs. Health is really the only variable, and anyone can get hurt.
**Tier 2
Breece Hall, Bijan Robinson, Saquon Barkley, Jonathan Taylor**
These are the three-down backs with elite skill sets. Hall should be better another year removed from the ACL tear and playing with a better QB, Robinson should get the heavy usage he merits with Arthur Smith gone, Barkley finally gets a quality offensive line and QB and Taylor plays next to a running QB and has little competition for carries.
**Tier 3
Jahmyr Gibbs, De’Von Achane, Kyren Williams, Travis Etienne**
These are the little guys, all of whom can run and catch passes, plus Etienne. Williams is the biggest risk as an early-down high-workload guy, but he was also insanely productive when he played in Sean McVay’s lead-back-friendly system. Gibbs seems like peak Alvin Kamara, only faster and Achane in the Miami offense was the most efficient back in league history by a mile. I originally had Etienne in Tier 4, but he doesn’t have much competition for the job and should be a three-down back.
**Tier 4
Isaiah Pacheco, Josh Jacobs, Joe Mixon, James Cook, David Montgomery, Derrick Henry, Kenneth Walker, Racchad White, James Conner, Rhamondre Stevenson, Zack Moss, Javonte Williams, Devin Singletary **
This is a big tier, but these are all the incomplete players guaranteed reps if healthy. Pacheco could be moved to Tier 3, but Patrick Mahomes doesn’t check down to the back all that often, and Pacheco rarely gets to 20 carries in a game. Jacobs is a beast but has a ton of mileage in a short span and fell off last year. Mixon is another old warhorse with a lot of mileage, albeit also in a good situation. Cook suffers due to Josh Allen’s goal-line prowess and tendency to take off rather than check down. Montomgery will cede the third-down work, Henry is old and doesn’t catch many passes, Walker splits carries, gets hurt often, White is a ham and egger who happened to see a huge workload, Conner is 29 and always misses time, Stevenson is a workhorse on a bad team, Moss is an average back in a good spot, Williams is another year off the injury, but on a bad team and Singletary is the clear lead back on a poor offense.
**Tier 5
Tony Pollard, D’Andre Swift, Jonathan Brooks, Alvin Kamara, Brian Robinson, Jaylen Warren, Austin Ekeler, Chuba Hubbard, Zamir White, Raheem Mostert, Aaron Jones, Najee Harris, Nick Chubb, Tyjae Spears, Trey Benson, Zach Charbonnet ** These are mostly timeshare backs, with the exception of Kamara whose efficiency fell through the floor and White who I’m not convinced will lock down the job all year.
**Tier 6
Kenneth Gainwell, Rico Dowdle, Gus Edwards, Jerome Ford, Zeke Elliott, Roschon Johnson, Jaylen Wright, Bucky Irving, JK Dobbins, Antonio Gibson, Chase Brown, Elijah Mitchell, Jaleel McLaughlin, Tyler Algeier, MarShawn Lloyd**
This is the backup tier, all of whom probably need an injury ahead of them to break out.
These rankings will change, but I like to get my preliminary ones down on paper before I get influenced by ADP and training camp hype.
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@ c7eda660:efd97c86
2024-07-18 14:50:10
Bitvora is a unified Bitcoin & Lightning rail. A single API with no infrastructure overhead.
So you don’t have to go through this:
App engineers and product people, this is for you: two lines of code—bitcoin sent.
https://i.nostr.build/8Wp3jNhqHcml3pxl.gif
Bitvora makes on-chain and Lightning payments simple, fast, and friction-free.
I’ll be at The Bitcoin Conference in Nashville next week, and I’d love to give you a sneak peek of the product. We’ll be in an invite-only beta.
If you’ll be in town, DM me or leave a reply below to set up a meeting. I can’t wait to show you what we've built.
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@ a9434ee1:d5c885be
2024-07-18 14:34:09
What makes Nostr and Bitcoin so extremely exciting to me, as a designer, is that they offer an entirely new design space. Something we never had before. Something that we can, for the first time ever, call…
A Free Market.And not just that, but one where everyone speaks the same language. One that acknowledges that Sovereignty doesn’t go that far without Interoperability.
Since this is literally a first, it seems terribly naïve to assume that we can just copy what works for Big Tech’s walled gardens and add some Freedom sauce on top. I’ve been sketching out things like “Twitter but with Zaps”, “Youtube but with many algo’s”, “Patreon but with Bitcoin”, etc... for long enough to realize the harsh limits of such an approach. Instead I’ve found it more fruitful to start by looking at the characteristics of this new digital, interoperable free market and, only then, look for similar existing benchmarks that can serve as inspiration.
Because the convergence of the various Freedom Tech protocols (Nostr, Bitcoin, Cashu, …) are such a huge game changer for online monetization specifically, it seems even more naïve to just start copying Big Tech on that front, without proper examination.
If we did just play copycat, Monthly Subscriptions and Paywalls would be the obvious answer. This article dives into why they’re not.
Free as in Competition
In a free market, it’s going to be hard for you to set a price if you don’t have something scarce to sell. Unlike in a Big Tech walled garden, there’s no one blocking competitors from entering the market. That includes competitors that offer your stuff!
If what you create can easily be copied, it will.Yes, Content creators, FOSS devs, Designers, … that’s you.
Charging for your article, podcast, app or movie doesn’t end well when people can find a free upload right next to yours. Open protocols remove the friction of having to go PirateBay for that sort of stuff. Luckily, they also remove the friction for people to value your content directly (#V4V Zaps) and for you to launch unique and scarce products related to what you do (Community, Merch, …).Even if you have a scarce product to sell though, Nostr sets the bar lower than ever for others to start competing with your product. Every part of your product!
Interoperability breaks products and services down to their constituents and opens up every layer of the stack to competition. Currently most SAAS business models are basically very expensive monthly subscriptions for some hosting and computation. And guess what Nostr is extremely good at → Discovering and switching providers of hosting and computation.
In a competitive context like that, you need a monetization model that lets you adapt fast. If you choose to monetize with monthly subscriptions, you’ll be updating your subscription tiers every month, if not every week, just to remain competitive. If that’s the case, then what’s the point? Why not just have a cash price list?
Free as in Volatile
The reality of a free market is that price-discovery never takes a break. This is especially true for a market that uses a money that is still being discovered as money by 99% of the world. A money that, just like Nostr, only saw the light of day because its creators saw total chaos ahead without it.
Bitcoin and Nostr do #fixthemoney and do #fixtheinternet, but all that fixing isn’t exactly taking us on a smooth ride.
Smooth rides are stable rides, stable prices, stable amounts of locked-in users, stable ties with the state, etc… They are everything Freedom Tech is taking us on exciting journey away from.
Again, adaptability is key and your business model needs to reflect that. Monthly subscriptions don’t handle volatility well. It takes a lot of confidence, extremely loyal customers and liquid reserves to survive bumpy roads. That’s a lot of capital that probably has better uses. Better uses that Big Tech monopolies can ignore, but your competitors won’t.
Free as in “Number Go Up”
Denominating your subscriptions in “stable” fiat-currencies isn’t going to help neither. The mental cost for customers is only low as long you don’t have juggle more than 21 subscriptions. (yes, I completely made up that number but it’s somewhere around that, so bear with me).
Given that Subscription Hell is already a thing in Fiat-land once you go beyond that number, just try to imagine the amount of subscriptions you’d be handling in Nostr-land. Your 1 Netflix subscription suddenly became 6, to different service providers, plus 20 to all your favorite creators. Then add the subscriptions for all other internet use cases you can think of. Then add some more for the ones that you can’t even imagine yet.
This is not an overstatement. It is very very unlikely that your service happens to be the only one that subscriptions would work for. If they appear to work for you, every competitor or similar use case will be copying that model in no time.So if they work, there would be a loooot of subscriptions.
That’s also a looot of: - recurring payments to forget about - different time periods to oversee - extra effort to go and unsubscribe or switch tiers - users thinking ‘I didn’t even really use this!” - users also thinking “What am I paying for exactly?”In short, that’s asking for frustrated, disappointed and confused customers.
These subscriptions would then also need to be handled on top of all the #V4V Zaps and cash payments that are inevitably happening as well. Unlike Big Tech products you don’t get to just pick Subscriptions as the only option. You will have to be optimizing both the Wallet and Social UX/UI for all of these types of payments. Something I naïvely tried and quickly gave up on. It overcrowds interfaces, makes different applications less interoperable and creates a very confusing user experience.
And if you denominate everything in fiat, you add even more confusion since the Zaps from others are denominated in Bitcoin. That suddenly makes them variable from the fiat-denominator’s perspective. Other denominations work when you only have two parties (f.e. seller and buyer), not when you have groups of people zapping away at an article. For #V4V to gain traction zappers need recognition. If it’s completely variable, and thus unclear, who the top zappers of a piece of content are or if the biggest patrons of a creator are only visible if you go to some specific subscriber dashboard, you’re creating confusion and diluting recognition.
Zaps are awesome, nearly universally implemented, very simple to design for and they might just be enough. We’re mostly still early. Creators can’t even reply to Zaps yet. The first prototypes for frictionless Cashu zaps are only just coming out. Let’s explore all that further before we start adding subscriptions to the UI, the users’ mental load and the app developers endless list of “things to implement”.
If the current zap-rate of daily Nostr users (myself included) tells me anything, it’s that sending around small payments all the time isn’t really the issue. The mental cost for the user happens mostly at the level of:
”How the f*ck do I keep track of all this?”
“How do I fit this in with my regular monthly expenses?”
Subscriptions are only one answer to this. If they happen to still somehow solve the above issues for some use cases, we still have to find solutions anyway for the micro-payments side of things.My point is thus mainly: we might as well start there and, who knows, we don’t even need subscriptions. Or at least not as a standard to strive towards. No one is stopping you from using time-based pricing for things that are actually time-based or from creating micro-apps that let you set up recurring zaps and other fun stuff like that. Just don’t promise creators and merchants that they can base their business models on them.
If you’re talking to people that will only consider Freedom Tech if they can have the stability of a group of monthly subscribers, you’re probably not talking to the right people (yet!).
Freedom Tech = Responsibility Tech.
Both seller and buyers need tools that help them take that responsibility. Especially regarding payments, the currently available tools are far from optimal and have barely scratched the surface of what’s possible in the interoperable ocean of possibilities. I say this more as an invitation than as a complaint of course. We are — yes, I’m saying it again — sooooo early.
So how can we help buyers be responsible while “not having to think about every little payment”?
For rich npubs on a network denominated in #NGU technology the answer can be quite simple: They simply don’t have to really think about it.
In fact, poor npubs neither as long they can set a spending budget and have great tools and transparency to help them manage it.They need something a bit like their “lives left” in a video game. Or something that resembles envelope budgeting: like going to the farmers market with only a limited amount of cash.
Talking about farmers markets
Let’s look at what currently comes close to an interoperable free market in meat-space: Restaurant & Farmers markets. - No one has copyrights on pizza Margherita or chicken eggs - Entering the market is relatively cheap (food trucks, farmer stands, …) - Customers can pick and choose where they get “every layer of the stack” (drinks here, main dish there and ice cream over there)
Now look at how these businesses monetize: - Cash price lists - Discounts (for special occasions, loyal customers, ..) - Bundles (lunch menus, vegetable baskets, …)
Both restaurant owners and farmers have been trying out monthly subscriptions since forever, mostly because it would benefit them. But in places with high competition this has had exactly zero success.
What did have success is services that bundle farmers market food items for you and deliver it at your doorstep on a weekly basis. That’s what lower mental cost looks like. Ironically, these services often started out with the monthly subscription model and have had to switch because customers needed more flexibility. Now, in their apps, they let users pick what day they want what, at what price.
And these apps are not even Nostr yet.Talking about Nostr markets
Nostr markets are not exactly farmers markets of course. But that is mostly good news. Nostr, Bitcoin and Cashu, in particular, remove a lot of the friction that cash still has in the physical world. They enable seamless micro-payments. That’s an innovation worth embracing, not something to hide away behind subscriptions.
Embracing micro-payments means that every little thing can have a real-time price. A price that, once payed, you never have to think about again. And some, if not most, micro-payments are so micro that you don’t have to really think about them in the first place. Especially if we’re talking about recurring events (pun intended).
If a chat message in a certain Community costs 2 sats, after your third message your added mental cost will likely be close to zero. At that point, the price is mostly a matter of transparency, fairness and spam prevention. When the Admin suddenly changes this price to 1000 sats however, you will need to think twice about posting such a message. But again, that is a good thing. That’s exactly what the Admin is monetizing.
He is curating for high signal content and conversations around a certain interest. His price list is one of his top tools for doing so. You pay him for being able to publish in his unique community. You “Pay Per Use” of that Community as a broadcasting channel for your messages, articles, videos, … You know everyone else does too.
Using monthly subscriptions for such a community would just invite abuse and poor quality. It would be like an all-you-can-eat restaurant where everyone has an infinite stomach size, you’re all at the same table and only the loudest screamers get heard.
So the Admin would put limits on what you specifically get for your subscription (100 messages per month, 210MB of hosting, etc etc…). The members would then demand flexibility or go elsewhere.The admin would then provide different tiers.
Yet, most members would still need flexibility more than they need flat rate monthly pricing.At the same time, the Admin’s “Pay Per Use” competitors will still be cheaper. They don’t have the overhead of handling the uncertainty that comes with providing stable pricing for several months. Trying their offer out is also way cheaper than immediately having to pay a subscription. The admin, on the other hand, cannot really offer free trials if he doesn’t have the locked-in users to pay for them.
In the end, just like restaurants, the Admin will switch to “Pay Per Use” and will use discounts and bundles to his advantage.
As long as users have great tools to keep an eye their spending, this sort of outcome is a win-win for the whole ecosystem. What users tend to like most about monthly subscriptions for something is the guarantee that they will not exceed XXX amount of money on that thing for the month. Nothing is stopping us from building tools that provide the same guarantee without the complications of handling monthly subscriptions.
Since most Bitcoin wallets are not daily-spending wallets and most Nostr projects aren’t monetizing yet, hardly any attention has been spent on tools like this. They all copied bank apps and display your total amount of money and a chronological feed of your transaction history. There are several problems with this: 1. You don’t want to openly showcase your total balance to everyone around you when you open the app 2. Your total balance shows “everything you have”. That is a terrible benchmark for determining “what you can sustainably spend”. 3. It’s also a terrible benchmark for determining “what you earned this month” 4. Micro-payments make a chronological feed of all your transactions completely unusable 5. Zaps make a lot of your transactions social. Zaps and eCash blur the line between money and message. And messages require interaction that transactions don’t.
I think we can do better.
So, let’s try!Cash Budgets
Just like the previously mentioned “lives” in a game or the cash in your wallet for a night out, the first thing users will want to see is “How much do I have left?”. Since most people organize their budgets per month we can more specifically turn this into “How much do I have left this month?”. This means we need to allow users to set a monthly budget in the first place. Once that budget is set for the month, it facilitates all the rest.
This budget is their subscription now. Their Nostr subscription.
An interoperable subscription they can interact with in any trusted app.
And the best part: They pick the price.
They’re taking their responsibility and lowering their mental cost with one action.Now, you can start playing with wallet and home screen Interfaces that show the user at a glance: - What they’ve got left to spend for that month - What they already spent - What they earned (relative to that budget and/or a specific earnings goal)
I’m currently exploring this design space myself and the extent to which Freedom Tech budgeting can be gamified in novel ways will make TikTok look boring.
Some baby UI steps in this direction
But that’s just the budget part of course. We still need non-intrusive ways to display all these little price-tags for things if we’re not hiding them away behind a subscription.
The good news is that, when it comes to movies, music, articles, posts, FOSS apps and all other types of information that can easily be copied, it doesn’t have a price tag. It just has people zapping it. People that can use a lot more context and recognition than they currently get. (showing top zappers everywhere and letting creators reply to zaps being just a humble start for that)
For the stuff that does have price-tag, even the most obvious answer isn’t as bad I though it would be:
Just put it on the button.
The bigger the sum, the bigger the button.
eCash is what can make all of this work as a one-button action anyway, removing most of the friction. A budget, on the other hand, is what can remove most of the worrying. Color indications, permission prompts for higher amounts, etc etc… can all work in tandem for this.
With these examples I’m mostly trying to give you an idea of what is still left largely unexplored territory.
A territory that we will have to go and explore in any case.
A territory where Communities are easier to monetize then Content is.
A territory where I can count the current number of active designers on both hands.
A territory that can desperately use a Design Community.You can guess twice what’s next on my todo-list….
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-18 13:23:31
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/611566/r/Undisciplined
@ek makes an appearance on the leaderboard and Warren Buffet makes an impressively foolish statement that will likely live on for eternity.
Bookkeeping note: I've gotten more zaps the past few days, so I'm going to bump my zaps to top posts and comments up to 69. It would be nice to just be able to forward sats to more than 5 people.
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July 18, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTExcerpt
As you may already know since it was mentioned on SN here, Phoenix released a new blog post last week to announce the new Phoenix wallet: [a 3rd generation self-custodial Lightning wallet](https://acinq.co/blog/ph […]
3519 sats \ 14 comments \ @ek \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/210873/r/Undisciplined?commentId=210963
Excerpt
A mining node can only "censor" any block it mines. A miner with huge percent of hashrate could mine 6 blocks in a row somewhat regularly.
2819 sats \ 0 replies \ @nullcount
From Can Bitcoin miners that are routing nodes exploit their peers/channel partners? by @02ca839694 in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @ek (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
1637 stacked \ 2261 spent \ 1 post \ 6 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
58.9k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 70.9k spent \ 94 posts \ 264 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 18, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTWhat do I need this bitcoin for? 🔦
Excerpt
Famous investor Warren Buffett recently said:
"If you offered me all the bitcoins in the world for $25, I wouldn't take it."
112.5k sats \ 29 comments \ @hynek \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/46555/r/Undisciplined?commentId=46604
Excerpt
I am really starting to get tired of the bitcoin isn't an inflation hedge, lol it stops you from dilution IN THE BITCOIN network, it doesn't control whats going on in secondary markets, gosh everytime I have to explain that one it does my head in lol […]
564 sats \ 2 replies \ @TheBTCManual
From What do I need this bitcoin for? 🔦 by @hynek in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @cryptocoin
618 stacked \ 375 spent \ 5 posts \ 25 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
119.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 124.9k spent \ 60 posts \ 194 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 18, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTAll-time Bitcoin price chart (fork of zorinaq's)
Link to https://price.bublina.eu.org/
546.3k sats \ 4 comments \ @spain \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/325/r/Undisciplined?commentId=386
Excerpt
Sure. To answer such questions you definitely need JavaScript client-side analytics. But there may be some open source libraries for that? But surely it may be easier to use a ready-made 3rd party one, just wondering how much it can cost.
1 sat \ 1 reply \ @spain
From Opinions on analytics for Stacker News? by @k00b in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @spain
7 stacked \ 6 spent \ 1 post \ 2 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
40 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 78 spent \ 6 posts \ 16 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612715
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@ fce4177b:f504cdc8
2024-07-18 12:15:14
Hi all!
Lately I've been working on a small python project to try approaching the pathfinding problem in lightning as a Min-cost network flow problem.
I know Renè Pickhardt already used this approach in order to prove the superiority of the Zero base fee approach, in fact I read his papers and got the gist of it.
Now I'm trying to model the problem mathematically - using the pyomo package in python - but I came up with a question that I couldn't find an answer for:
in a multi-path payment (MPP), can two HTLCs go though the same channel?
More specifically, I'm interested in understanding if the following situation can happen or not:
Nodes = {S, A, B, C, E, F, G, I, D} # S source, D destinationWith S being the source node (aka the payer), D being the destination node (aka the payee). The scope of the question does not include considerations about base or rate fees. Node S computes the optimal path that minimises the fees for an amount and finds out that the optimal choice is to execute a MPP that follows this path(s):
``` B E
A -> -> -> G -> D C Fh0 h1 h2 h3 h4 ```
where the first two hops (h1 and h2) see two parallel payments going on, then at the hop h3 the MPP converges to the node G and then procedes with the last hop to destination.
As far as I know, in classical MPP the preimage is the same for every parallel path (correct me if I'm wrong), thus I'm wondering if that thing is possible or not. Moreover, if there was an another hop such that:
``` B E
A -> I -> -> -> G -> D C Fh0 h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 ```
would that be possible too? That meaning two HTLCs flowing in the same channel for the first hop, then splitting and the riconverging.
Hope the question is clear enough, otherwise I'm open to clarifications.
Thanks!
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612642
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@ b34b4408:acfb9667
2024-07-18 03:43:39
"ผลกระทบของน้ำยาบ้วนปากต่อจุลชีพในช่องปากและร่างกาย: มุมมองใหม่จากการวิจัยล่าสุด"
ในช่วงหลายทศวรรษที่ผ่านมา น้ำยาบ้วนปากได้กลายเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของกิจวัตรการดูแลสุขภาพช่องปากของคนจำนวนมาก โดยมีจุดประสงค์หลักเพื่อลดกลิ่นปาก ป้องกันฟันผุ และรักษาสุขภาพเหงือก อย่างไรก็ตาม การวิจัยล่าสุดได้เผยให้เห็นถึงผลกระทบที่ไม่คาดคิดของการใช้น้ำยาบ้วนปากเป็นประจำ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งต่อระบบนิเวศของจุลชีพในช่องปากและร่างกาย
การศึกษาล่าสุดที่ตีพิมพ์ในวารสาร Journal of Medical Microbiology เมื่อวันที่ 4 มิถุนายน 2024 โดย J.G.E. Laumen และคณะ ( https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001830 )ได้ศึกษาผลของการใช้น้ำยาบ้วนปาก Listerine Cool Mint เป็นประจำทุกวันต่อจุลชีพในช่องปากและลำคอ
ผลการวิจัยพบว่าการใช้ Listerine เป็นเวลา 3 เดือนทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญในองค์ประกอบของจุลชีพในช่องปากและลำคอ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง การเพิ่มขึ้นของแบคทีเรีย Fusobacterium nucleatum และ Streptococcus anginosus ซึ่งเป็นเชื้อที่ก่อให้เกิดปัญหาสุขภาพหากมีปริมาณมากเกินไป
โดยเชื้อทั้งสองตัวนั้นมีผลต่อสุขภาพดังนี้
Fusobacterium nucleatum:
เป็นเชื้อแบคทีเรียที่พบได้ตามปกติในช่องปาก แต่หากมีปริมาณมากเกินไปจะก่อให้เกิดปัญหาได้ มีความเกี่ยวข้องกับโรคปริทันต์ (โรคเหงือกอักเสบ) มีการศึกษาพบความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างเชื้อนี้กับมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่ มีส่วนในการกระตุ้นการอักเสบในร่างกาย ซึ่งอาจเชื่อมโยงกับโรคทางระบบอื่นๆStreptococcus anginosus:
เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของกลุ่ม Streptococcus milleri ซึ่งพบได้ในช่องปาก ลำคอ และทางเดินอาหาร โดยปกติไม่ก่อโรค แต่ในบางกรณีอาจกลายเป็นเชื้อฉวยโอกาส สามารถก่อให้เกิดการติดเชื้อในช่องปาก เช่น ฝีในช่องปาก ในกรณีที่รุนแรง ทำให้เกิดการติดเชื้อในกระแสเลือด หรือฝีในอวัยวะภายใน เช่น สมอง ปอด หรือตับผลการวิจัยนี้ทำให้เกิดคำถามสำคัญเกี่ยวกับกลไกการทำงานของน้ำยาบ้วนปากและผลกระทบระยะยาวต่อสุขภาพ เมื่อพิจารณาส่วนประกอบหลักของ Listerine Cool Mint (รวมถึง น้ำยาบ้วนปากอื่นๆด้วย) ซึ่งประกอบด้วย
1. น้ำ (เป็นส่วนประกอบหลัก) 2.แอลกอฮอล์ (มักจะอยู่ที่ประมาณ 21.6%) 3.น้ำมันหอมระเหยจากพืช ได้แก่: Eucalyptol (น้ำมันยูคาลิปตัส) Menthol (เมนทอล) Thymol (ไทมอล) Methyl salicylate (เมทิลซาลิไซเลต หรือ น้ำมันวินเทอร์กรีน) 4.สารให้ความหวาน (มักใช้ซอร์บิทอล) 5.กรดเบนโซอิก (สารกันบูด) 6.สารให้สี (อาจใช้สีเขียว) 7.โซเดียมซักคาริน (สารให้ความหวาน) 8.โซเดียมเบนโซเอต (สารกันบูด)
จะพบว่าแต่ละสารมีส่วนทำให้เกิดการเสียสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปาก:
1. แอลกอฮอล์และน้ำมันหอมระเหย: มีฤทธิ์ฆ่าเชื้อที่รุนแรง ทำลายทั้งแบคทีเรียที่เป็นโทษและเป็นประโยชน์ เปิดโอกาสให้เชื้อบางชนิดเติบโตได้มากขึ้น 2. สารกันบูด: ยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของจุลินทรีย์บางชนิดมากกว่าชนิดอื่น 3. สารให้ความหวาน: เป็นแหล่งอาหารสำหรับแบคทีเรียบางชนิด หรือเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพแวดล้อมในช่องปากผลการวิจัยนี้ได้ท้าทายความเชื่อดั้งเดิมเกี่ยวกับประโยชน์ของน้ำยาบ้วนปาก ในอดีต น้ำยาบ้วนปากถูกส่งเสริมว่ามีประโยชน์ในการลดกลิ่นปาก ป้องกันฟันผุ และช่วยรักษาโรคเหงือก อย่างไรก็ตาม การค้นพบใหม่นี้บ่งชี้ว่า ประโยชน์ระยะสั้นเหล่านี้อาจไม่คุ้มค่ากับผลเสียที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในระยะยาว การเสียสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปากอาจนำไปสู่การเพิ่มขึ้นของแบคทีเรียที่เป็นอันตราย ซึ่งจะเพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อโรคต่างๆ ทั้งในช่องปากและระบบอื่นๆ ของร่างกาย เช่น โรคปริทันต์ มะเร็งหลอดอาหารและลำไส้ใหญ่ รวมถึงโรคทางระบบอื่นๆ
บทความนี้เน้นย้ำความสำคัญของการพิจารณาอย่างรอบคอบในการใช้ผลิตภัณฑ์สุขภาพช่องปาก และ ผู้บริโภคควรตระหนักถึงความสำคัญของการรักษาสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปากและพิจารณาทางเลือกอื่นๆ ในการดูแลสุขภาพช่องปากที่อาจมีผลกระทบน้อยกว่าต่อระบบนิเวศของจุลชีพ เช่น การแปรงฟันอย่างสม่ำเสมอ การใช้ไหมขัดฟันอย่างถูกวิธี และการรับประทานอาหารที่มีประโยชน์ต่อสุขภาพช่องปาก
ซึ่งการรับประทานอาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพช่องปาก เป็นส่วนสำคัญในการดูแลสุขภาพฟันและเหงือก รวมถึงการรักษาสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปากและร่างกายด้วย ซึ่งประกอบด้วย:
**อาหารธรรมชาติที่มีการแปรรูปน้อย อาหารที่มีโพรไบโอติกส์และพรีไบโอติกส์ ช่วยรักษาสมดุลของจุลชีพที่ดี เช่น โยเกิร์ต คีเฟอร์ กิมจิ ชีส อาหารที่กระตุ้นการหลั่งน้ำลาย: น้ำลายช่วยชะล้างแบคทีเรียและเศษอาหาร เช่น เนื้อสัตว์ ไข่ นอกจากนี้ การเคี้ยวอาหารให้ละเอียดและใช้เวลาในการรับประทานอาหารช้าๆ ยังช่วยกระตุ้นการหลั่งน้ำลายและส่งเสริมสุขภาพช่องปากที่ดีอีกด้วย น้ำเปล่า: ดื่มน้ำสะอาดอย่างเพียงพอช่วยชะล้างช่องปากและรักษาความชุ่มชื้น**อาหารที่ควรหลีกเลี่ยงหรือจำกัดคือ
** อาหารและเครื่องดื่มที่มีแป้ง/น้ำตาลสูง ซึ่งส่งเสริมการเจริญเติบโตของแบคทีเรียที่ก่อให้เกิดฟันผุ และการอักเสบ รวมถึงอาหารที่ผสมสารต่างๆที่กล่าวมาก่อนหน้า**การรับประทานอาหารที่สมดุลและหลากหลายไม่เพียงแต่ส่งผลดีต่อสุขภาพช่องปากเท่านั้น แต่ยังช่วยส่งเสริมสุขภาพโดยรวมของร่างกายอีกด้วย
หากยังต้องการใช้น้ำยาบ้วนปาก ควรพิจารณาใช้เฉพาะเมื่อจำเป็น ไม่ใช้เป็นประจำทุกวัน และอาจเลือกน้ำยาบ้วนปากที่ไม่มีแอลกอฮอล์ รวมถึงสารต่างๆอย่างที่กล่าวไปก่อนหน้า
ในท้ายที่สุด การวิจัยนี้เน้นย้ำถึงความสำคัญของการไม่ยึดติดกับความเชื่อเดิมๆ โดยไม่พิจารณาหลักฐานใหม่ทางวิทยาศาสตร์ และวิธีการดูแลสุขภาพที่คำนึงถึงระบบนิเวศของจุลชีพมากขึ้น
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@ 9edd72eb:cb697b0a
2024-07-17 22:20:18
NBC reports that a suspicious person was received an hour before a gunman opened fire at former President Donald Trump, a senator said. U.S. officials learned of an alleged Iranian plot to kill Trump weeks before the attempted assassination in Butler, Pennsylvania, sources said, adding that nothing indicated the two were connected. The Department of Homeland Security said its inspector general would investigate the Secret Service's security operation at Saturday's rally. Secret Service Director Kimberly Cheatle said that "the buck stops with me" and that the assassination attempt Saturday "should have never happened." That is to say, there are all kinds of threats to Trump's security. But why isn't enough being done to protect it? When Trump wins the election, will the Secret Service really take care of his security? Or are you going to continue ignoring reports and threats to your life? Do some groups want him dead and don't even bother to hide it? That is to say, it is obvious that they want it, but are there no plans to stop an assassination that is announced without any shame?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612126
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@ 2063cd79:57bd1320
2024-07-17 20:54:29
Beginnen wir mit dem Terra/Luna Fiasko. TerraUSD (UST) ist (war) ein auf Algorithmen basierender Stablecoin herausgegeben von LFG (Luna Foundation Guard). Dies bedeutet, dass ein Algorithmus automatisch einen Preisbildungsmechanismus betreibt, was wiederum bedeutet, dass UST an den US Dollar gebunden war, allerdings (und das ist der grosse Unterschied z.B. zu Tether) keine USD Vermögenswerte zugrunde liegen hatte, wie bei anderen Stablecoins (angeblich) der Fall ist. Im Fall von UST gab es einen zweiten Token (LUNA), der Preisschwankungen beim UST absorbieren sollte. Ein spezieller Burn/Mint Mechanismus sollte so Angebot und Nachfrage ausbalancieren.
Es gab einen gezielten Angriff auf das Terra Netzwerk nachdem im März angekündigt wurde, dass Terra Bitcoins im Wert von 10 Milliarden USD als Währungsreserve gekauft habe. Im April hatte Terra für über 40.000 USD gekauft. Terra war nach dem Angriff gezwungen seine Bitcoins (für ca. 32.000 USD) zu verkaufen, um die Bindung an den US Dollar Basiswert aufrecht zu erhalten. Dieses Entladen von 42.530 Bitcoins in den Markt führte zu einem weiteren Absinken der Kurse aller Kryptowährungen (denn wir wissen, wenn der OG Bitcoin steigt, steigen alle Shitcoins mit, wenn Bitcoin sinkt, fallen alle anderen auch).
Wie oben schon erwähnt führte die Aneinanderreihung von Effekten dazu, dass es einen Überschuss von LUNA gab, was weiter zum Kursverfall führte und im Endeffekt als Resultat hat, dass LUNA (Stand heute) 0.000185 USD "wert" ist (im Vergleich zu fast 100 USD im April).
Die wichtigsten Takeaways von diesem Event sind meiner Meinung nach die folgenden:
Es wird in Zukunft mehr und strengerer Regulierung bedürfen. Das Vertrauen in automatische auf Algorithmen basierenden Stablecoins dürfte zunächst bis auf weiteres stark gelitten haben. Die Verflechtungen von Kryptowährungen, Tokens und auch Bitcoin sollten nicht unterschätzt werden. Der Preisverlust von Bitcoin war der Todesstoß für Terra, aber auch Terras Ausverkauf hat zu einem weiteren Kursrutsch bei Bitcoin beigetragen. Wie oben schon angerissen, muss sich Bitcoin von "Crypto" emanzipieren. Die News rund um Terra und die damit einhergehenden schlimmen Meldungen über Selbstmorde, ruinierte Existenzen, etc. fallen auch auf Bitcoin zurück. Schlechte News sind wie Öl auf das Feuer aller Bitcoin Gegner und wenn keine haltbaren Anschuldigungen bei Bitcoin selbst gefunden werden um FUD zu schüren, werden News aus dem breiten Spektrum der Shitcoins herangeholt. Terras Blockchain wurde angehalten. Von Entwicklern. Angehalten. Wofür stand DeFi nochmal? Eben. Und damit genug von Terra & Luna und auf zu Sol(ar) .... sorry :(
Ich habe mich letzte Woche ein wenig ausführlicher mit dem Thema Bitcoin Mining mit Solarenergie in Deutschland auseinandergesetzt. Sogenanntes Behind-the-meter Mining ist einer der wichtigsten Bausteine in der Umkehr des Narrativs Bitcoin Mining sei energieineffizient und klimaschädlich. Viel wird darüber geschrieben, dass Bitcoin pro Jahr Energie in der Höhe einzelner kleinerer Länder verbraucht. Es wird im gleichen Atemzug erwähnt, dass Bitcoins zugrundeliegender Wertschöpfungsmechanismus Proof of Work (PoW) der Grund allen Übels sei und durch Proof of Stake (PoS) "Mining" ersetzt werden solle. Sogar eine eigene Kampagne von Greenpeace unter dem Namen "Change the Code" / "Clean-up Bitcoin" setzt sich momentan dafür ein Bitcoins Code zugunsten PoS zu verändern.
Das ist natürlich albern. Denn wenn auch große Mengen von Energie benötigt werden, um Bitcoin zu Minen (ich werde in diesem Zusammenhang nicht das deutsche Wort Schürfen verwenden - es hört sich für mich unästhetisch an), so wird diese Energie in ein Produkt umgewandelt. Niemand würde auf die Idee kommen BASF oder Apple vorzuwerfen, sie würden zu viele Rohstoffe verbrauchen. Denn in dieser Gleichung ist jedem bewusst, dass zur Herstellung eines Produkts immer ein Vorprodukt, ein Rohstoff oder eben Energie benötigt wird. Output benötigt Input. Im Fall vom Bitcoin Protokoll ist dieser Output bitcoin, also die Coins, und der Input ist Energie in der Form von Strom.
Jetzt lässt sich natürlich über das Produkt streiten. Viele Menschen sehen in Bitcoin keinen Mehrwert und würden deshalb der These widersprechen, der hohe Energieverbrauch sei durch die Produktion dieser Coins gerechtfertigt. Allerdings würde sich auch niemand hinstellen und behaupten, dass alle von BASF hergestellten Produkte für ihre Leben relevant sind und damit in Frage stellen, welche die Umwelt belastende Produktionen dem öffentlichen Wohl dienen und damit als verantwortbar gelten sollten und welche eben nicht.
Wer in dem Produkt Bitcoin nicht ein souveränes, transparentes und völlig dezentrales Geldsystem, in dem jeder volle Kontrolle über seinen Geldfluss, die Authentizität des erhaltenen Geldes und den Verbleib seines Ersparten hat, ohne dass Dritte Einfluss nehmen, Kontrolle walten oder Verbote aussprechen können, sollte sich nochmal Schlafen legen, nochmal neu aufstehen und nochmal von vorne denken. Energie ist wichtig für Menschen. Eine erhöhte Stromproduktion korreliert mit einem erhöhten menschlichen Wohlstand.
Das führt direkt zum nächsten Punkt. Erhöhte Stromproduktion ist an sich nicht schlecht - im Gegenteil. Allerdings ist auch sehr wichtig, aus welchen Quellen diese zusätzliche Energie gewonnen wird. Geopolitische und klimabedingte Auswirkungen haben in den letzten Jahren gezeigt, dass ein Umdenken und ein Umschwenken (nicht zu jedem Preis und nicht ohne eine Grundsicherung zu gewährleisten) durchaus sehr vernünftig sind. Immer mehr private, aber auch semi-professionelle Gruppen investieren in Photovoltaik Equipment, um den Eigenbedarf zu decken, oder zumindest Stromkosten zu senken und im Falle von semi-professionellen Anlagen, um natürlich auch den ein oder anderen Euro hinzuzuverdienen. Mit einem semi-professionellen Anbieter habe ich mich über die Nachhaltigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Bitcoin Mining in so einer 1MWh unterhalten und zusammen haben wir ein paar Rechenbeispiele durchgespielt.
Um eine Mining Operation in der Theorie zu planen, gilt es sich die verschiedenen Komponenten und Variablen anzuschauen. Ziel ist es eine Projektion zu erstellen, die Aufschluss darüber gibt, ob ein solches Unterfangen überhaupt profitabel sein kann.
Bei den Komponenten und Variablen handelt es sich zunächst um die verschiedenen (1) Hardware Komponenten (also Solaranlage, Stromspeicher, Mining Equipment und Peripherie), die (2) stromseitigen Variablen (also Sonnenstunden, Einspeisungsvergütung und Länge der Abschreibung) und die (3) finanziellen bzw. Bitcoin-seitigen Variablen (also Hashrate und Difficulty, Bitcoin Preis, Block Reward und Pool Fee).
🖨️ Fangen wir mit Hardware Komponenten an:
In dem vorliegenden Szenario handelt es sich um eine Solaranlage, die in der Lage ist 1 MWh (Megawattstunde) zu produzieren. Die Anlage existiert bereits und darum will ich hier nicht weiter auf Anschaffungskosten, Wartung, etc. eingehen.
Also Annahme 1️⃣ für diese Projektion ist, dass Strom hergestellt werden kann, natürlich bis auf die anfallenden Eigenkosten und die Variable Einspeisungsvergütung, auf die wir später zu sprechen kommen.
Bei dem Mining Equipment sind wir von einem Bitmain Antminer S19 XP ausgegangen, der eine Leistung von 140TH/s (Hashrate) erzeugt bei einem Verbrauch von 3040 W, oder ca. 3kW. Dieser Miner kostet zur Zeit etwa um die 10.000 Euro. Auch hier muss man wieder ein Caveat aussprechen, da die derzeitige weltwirtschaftliche Lage und die alzu beliebten Lieferkettenengpässe bei Halbleitern besonders bei ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) Chips dazu führen, dass das Equipment entweder deutlich teurer wird, sich die Wartezeiten ins Unendliche ziehen, oder sogar dazu führen, dass gänzlich andere Hardware berücksichtigt werden muss.
Also Annahme 2️⃣ ist, dass das Wunsch-Equipment relativ problemlos erworben werden kann.
Stromseitig muss außerdem ein Stromspeicher berechnet werden, da das Mining Equipment im besten Fall zu 100% der Zeit ausgelastet werden soll und dafür tagsüber Strom gespeichert werden muss, der nachts und im Winter an sonnenarmen Tagen die direkte Versorgung mit Sonne überbrücken kann. Da im Dezember die Zeit zwischen Sonnenauf- und Sonnenuntergang lediglich 8 Stunden beträgt, müssen die übrigen 70% der Zeit aus dem Speicher geliefert werden. Bei 16 Stunden a 3 kW benötigt man also einen 50 kW Speicher, der zur Zeit in der Anschaffung mit 25.000 Euro zu Buche schlägt.
Also in Annahme 3️⃣ gehen wir davon aus, dass ein Speicher mit 50 kW Speichervermögen benötigt wird und ähnlich wie beim Miner auch problemlos zu kaufen ist.
Bei der Peripherie sprechen wir von Unterstellmöglichkeiten, LAN Verbindung, und weiterem Equipment, dass für diese Back-of-the-envelope Rechnung mal ausser Acht gelassen werden kann. Also für Annahme 4️⃣ erstmal egal.
🌦️ Soviel also zur Hardware. Weiter zu den stromseitigen Variablen:
Die Jahreswerte für Sonnenstunden, also volle Stunden, die zur 100%igen Auslastung eines Solarpanels führen, lassen sich problemlos online abrufen. Bei 8760 Stunden, die so ein Jahr hat, beläuft sich die Anzahl der Sonnenstunden im Mittelwert auf ca. 1525 pro Jahr, was einem Anteil von 17.4% gleichkommt. Also ganz vereinfacht gesagt, ein Fünftel des Jahres gibts Sonnenschein 😎
Dieser Mittelwert schwankt natürlich extrem über das Jahr hinweg, da die sonnenreichsten Monate (Mai, Juni, Juli) etwa ein vierfaches der Sonnenstunden der sonnenärmsten Monate (November, Dezember, Januar) aufweisen. Und da wir bei Sonnenstunden natürlich über eine naturgemachte und anders als bei anderen Erzeugungsmethoden absolut unbeeinflussbare Energiequelle sprechen, müssen wir nicht lange diskutieren, dass auch diese Werte nur Anhaltspunkte liefern und niemals Fixwerte darstellen. Zusätzlich zu den "vollen" Sonnenstunden kommt, dass eine Solaranlage natürlich nicht nur ganz-oder-gar-nicht kennt, sondern schon in der Morgendämmerung anfängt Strom zu gewinnen, nur eben nicht in der vollen Kapazität, wie bei richtigen Sonnenstunden.
Das heißt für Annahme 5️⃣ gehen wir rechnungsbedingt vom pessimistischen unteren Rand aus. Wahrscheinlich wird de facto mehr aus der Anlage zu holen sein, allerdings ist das gar nicht mal so wichtig, wenn wir sowieso einen 50 kW Speicher anschaffen müssen. Denn ob dieser am Ende des Tages die vollen 50 oder nur 30 liefert ist egal; der Anschaffungspreis bleibt der gleiche und zusätzliche laufende Kosten erzeugt er dadurch nicht.
Der so hergestellte Strom hat also eingepreisten Kosten (Equipment und OPEX) von ca. 6 cent pro kWh. Der Break Even (Preis unter dem die Herstellung von Bitcoin profitabel ist) darf bei einer Modellrechnung also auf gar keinen Fall unter den Selbstkostenpreis fallen. Allerdings ist es damit nicht getan. Also Stromerzeuger bekommt man nämlich auf dem freien MArkt eine Einspeisevergütung, also einen Preis pro kWh, ausbezahlt, dafür dass man das Netz mit seinem Strom beliefert. Diese Einspeisevergütung liegt zur Zeit bei ca. 10 bis 12 Cent, was wiederum bedeutet, dass dies der neue Break Even ist. Also zusammengefasst, muss man pro kWh aufgewendeten Strom mindestens 12 Cent in Bitcoin generieren, damit sich der Aufwand überhaupt annähernd lohnt. Annahme 6️⃣ setzt also voraus, dass der Break Even mindestens 12 Cent beträgt - und das ist schon SEHR optimistisch geschätzt. Der Hashpreis errechnet sich aus der Hashrate und dem Bitcoin Preis. Wie in der Grafik zu sehen ist liegt dieser momentan sehr niedrig. Dazu aber mehr in der Rechnung.
Zum Thema Abschreibung halte ich mich kurz. Eine kurze Recherche zu dem Thema hat ergeben, dass eine neue Rechtsprechung erlaubt / vorgibt, Computer und Hardware Equipment im ersten Jahr vollständig abzuschreiben. Das bedeutet buchhalterisch ist das komplette Mining Equipment nach einem Jahr wertlos und in der Bilanz der Mining Operation nicht mehr zu berücksichtigen. Das ist also Annahme 7️⃣: Volle Abschreibung des Equipments in einem Jahr.
Bis dahin ist mir bei der Recherche rund um das Thema Energie die Verteuerung aller Produkte, aber insbesondere von Energie in Deutschland in die Arme gefallen. Da ich hier auch immer ein bisschen Meinung und These einbauen möchte also ein kurzer Überblick.
Besonders Energiepreise haben sich in den letzten 5 Jahren bis zum Mai 2021 (also genau ein Jahr her) im einstelligen Prozentbereich mal hoch und mal runter bewegt. Seit Mai 2021 ist prozentuale Anstieg der Kosten zum ersten Mal über 10% und bleibt seit dem positiv und zweistellig, um dann sogar zum abgelaufenen April einen Wert von über 87% zu erreichen.
Der Situation in Russland die Schuld für diesen drastischen Anstieg der Energie- und Erzeugerkosten zuzuschreiben wäre faul und und falsch. Natürlich sind der Krieg in der Ukraine, die damit verbundenen Lieferengpässe über weite Industrien hinweg, und darüber hinaus auch vom Westen verhängte Sanktionen ein Katalysator der Preissteigerungen.
Allerdings, darf man nicht vergessen, dass dies ein über Jahrzehnte hausgemachtes Problem darstellt. Die Verantwortlichen für diesen rapiden und unhaltbaren Preisanstieg sitzen weder in Moskau, Kiew oder Peking, sondern bei uns in Deutschland. Die deutsche Energiepolitik verfolgt seit über 20 Jahren konsequent nur zwei Ziele: Den Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie und den Ausstieg aus dem Kohlestrom. Investitionen in erneuerbare Energie werden zwar getätigt, aber nicht so konsequent und medienwirksam, wie der viel leichter vermarktbare Ausstieg aus den "dreckigen" Energiequellen. Dieser lässt sich mit Klimazielen, Umweltpolitik und unter ESG Mänteln sehr schön und werbewirksam vermarkten. Der Fakt, dass Deutschland mal Marktführer in der Photovoltaik war und sein gesamtes Know-How and China verloren hat, passt dabei nicht so recht ins Bild. Das heißt, wenn wir unseren Energiebedarf in Deutschland weder mit Atom-, Kohle-, noch erneuerbarem Strom vernünftig decken können, woher nehmen wir ihn dann? Genau, wir müssen ihn teuer einkaufen.
Das Problem haben wir in Deutschland also selber erzeugt. Die systematische Stilllegung zuverlässiger Energiequellen im Laufe der Jahre hat erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Stromkosten für die Industrie und die Haushalte im Land, die in Deutschland zu den höchsten in der entwickelten Welt zählen, und macht die Menschen und den Staat somit extrem abhängig von Energiequellen im Ausland, wie z.B. aus Russland oder Katar. Somit hat die deutsche Politik die Abhängigkeit von Russland und die damit verbundenen gesteigerten Kosten geschaffen, und nicht umgekehrt. Komplexe Systeme, wie die Energieversorgung eines Staates, müssen gesteuert, überwacht und reguliert werden, dazu sollten Politiker und Berater befähigt werden. Jedoch ist eine zentrale Planung dieser Systeme nicht möglich, oder um mit Ludwig von Mises zu zitieren:
The fundamental objection advanced against the practicability of socialism refers to the impossibility of economic calculation. [...]. A socialist management of production would simply not know whether or not what it plans and executes is the most appropriate means to attain the ends sought. It will operate in the dark, as it were. It will squander the scarce factors of production both material and human (labor). Chaos and poverty for all will unavoidably result.
💵 Nun endlich die finanziellen bzw. Bitcoin-seitigen Variablen.
🚂 Hashrate und Difficulty
Die Hashrate bezeichnet die dem Bitcoin Netzwerk zur Verfügung gestellt Rechenleistung. Jeder Mining Node hat eine unterschiedliche Rechenleistung und die Hashrate summiert die gesamte Leistung, die gegenwärtig vorhanden ist. Es ist also keine im Protokoll vorgegebene Größe, sondern ein Abbild der Ist-Situation. Insgesamt bleibt festzuhalten, dass immer mehr Rechenleistung hinzu kommt, da das Mining immer mehr professionalisiert wird und auch die im letzten Post beschriebenen ASIC Chips immer leistungsfähiger werden. Wie bereits im letzten Post erwähnt gehen wir davon aus, dass unsere Operation mit einem Bitmain Antminer S19 XP arbeitet. Annahme 8️⃣ ist, dass wir eine Leistung von 140TH/s erzeugen.
Die steigende Hashrate hat direkten Einfluss auf die Difficulty. Bei der Difficulty handelt es sich um eine in Bitcoins Konsens-Algorithmus eingebaute Logik zur Erhaltung einer stetigen Blockzeit. Anders als die Hashrate ist die Difficulty also eine im Protokoll veranlagte Variable. Neue Blocks sollen ca. alle 10 Minuten der Chain hinzugefügt werden und um sicherzustellen, dass die Rate, mit der neue Blöcke erstellt werden, konstant bleibt und proportional zur Hashrate (Rechenleistung) ist, die dem Netzwerk gewidmet ist. Einfach gesprochen soll das "Rätsel" bei vielen Teilnehmern (Nodes) nicht zu einfach, und bei weniger Nodes nicht zu schwierig sein, und somit wird die Schwierigkeit (Difficulty) regelmäßig vom Protokoll angepasst. Das bedeutet, dass jedes Mal, wenn neue Miner dem Netzwerk beitreten und die Hashrate und damit auch der Wettbewerb zunimmt, auch die Difficulty steigt, wodurch verhindert wird, dass die durchschnittliche Blockzeit abnimmt. Andersherum sinkt die Difficulty, wenn Miner das Netzwerk verlassen. Dadurch bleibt die Blockzeit konstant, obwohl dem Netzwerk mehr oder weniger Rechenleistung gewidmet wird. Eine Anpassung der Schwierigkeit findet alle 2.016 Blocks statt (oder alle 20.160 Minuten = 14 Tage). Die Difficulty ist bisher mit Unterbrechungen immer weiter gestiegen, und seit dem ersten gemineten Block in 2009 ist die Schwierigkeit von 1 auf heute ca. 30 Billionen (Englisch Trillions) geklettert. Deshalb ist davon auszugehen, dass die Schwierigkeit auch weiterhin zunehmen wird.
Für unsere Rechnung gehen wir davon aus, dass sich die Schwierigkeit jedes Jahr verdoppelt, also einem Schwierigkeitsgrad von 100% jedes Jahr als Annahme 9️⃣.
📈 Bitcoin Preis
Der Preis ist wohl die am einfachsten zu verstehende Variable. Den tagesaktuellen Bitcoin Kurs kennt mittlerweile sogar jede Großmutter, er wird auf allen Seiten jeglicher Finanzdienstleister angezeigt, und große Schwankungen sind meistens sogar einen Bericht in der Presse wert. Diese Schwankungen, z.B. der kürzliche Kursverlust von über 50% seit ATH (All time high) letztes Jahr, machen die Rechnung für jede Mining Operation gerade so kompliziert. Denn der Preis ist natürlich ausschlaggebend für die Profitabilität, allerdings lässt er sich genau so gut vorhersagen, wie die nächsten sechs Richtigen im Lotto. Diese Planungsunsicherheit macht das ganze Unterfangen viel risikoreicher als herkömmliche Operationen, bei denen der Preis des hergestellten Produkts einer gewissen Preisstabilität unterliegt, oder maximal im einstelligen Prozentbereich nach oben oder unten ausschlagen kann. Das Ziel der meisten Miner ist es auch so viele bitcoins wie möglich in der Bilanz zu halten, wegen der großen möglichen positiven Preisentwicklung. So wird versucht nur die Anzahl an bitcoins zu verkaufen, die nötig ist, um die Kosten zu decken, denn jeder bitcoin, der heute nicht verkauft wird, könnte morgen schon ein vielfaches wert sein. Oder aber genau andersrum, was einen weiteren Risikofaktor darstellt.
In diesem Zusammenhang interessant zu beobachten ist, dass ein sinkender oder horizontal handelnder (vergleichsweise niedriger) Preis nicht unbedingt bedeutet, dass viele Miner ihr Equipment abstellen. So kann man in dem Chart hier unten sehen (BTC Price vs Hash Rate), dass am 16. Mai eine Hashrate von 258.04 EH/s (1 Exa Hash per Second = 1.000.000.000.000.000.000) erreicht wurde, was sehr nahe dem ATH für Hashrate liegen dürfte.
Für unsere Analyse haben wir konservativ rechnen wollen, weshalb wir von einem Mittelwert von 30.000 Euro ausgegangen sind, da die Anlage so zeitnah wie möglich in Betrieb genommen werden sollte (falls profitabel). Annahme 1️⃣0️⃣: Bitcoin Preis = 30.000 Euro.
💰 Block Reward
Beim Mining sammeln die verschiedenen Nodes (Miner-Knoten) mm Netzwerk Transaktionen und bündeln diese zu Blocks. Als aller erstes, fügt der Miner-Knoten dem neuen Block jedoch eine Transaktion hinzu, bei der er sich selbst den Block Reward sendet, also eine Belohnung für die getane Arbeit. Diese Transaktion, auch Coinbase-Transaktion genannt, ist eine spezielle Art von Transaktion, bei der Coins „aus dem Nichts“ geschaffen werden. Der Block Reward ist also einer von zwei Wegen (noch!) mit dem Mining Geld zu verdienen (die andere Quelle ist die Mining Fee, also eine Gebühr, die bei jeder Transaktion zu entrichten ist). Noch in Klammern weil sich der Block Reward alle 210.000 Blocks halbiert, bis er schlussendlich keine relevante Größe mehr besitzt und demnach gleich Null ist. Zur Zeit liegt der Reward bei 6.25, was bedeutet, dass der erfolgreiche Miner für den neu erstellten Block 6.25 bitcoins (zuzüglich der Fees) erhält. Das nächste sogenannte Halvening findet in 2024 statt, wonach der Reward also auf 3.125 gesenkt wird. Das Protokoll rechnet nicht in Zeitabständen, sondern in Blocks. Da allerdings, wie oben erwähnt, die Blockzeit relativ konstant bei 10 Minuten pro Block gehalten wird, lässt sich rechnerisch ermitteln, wann die jeweiligen Halfenings eintreffen (und sogar wann ungefähr der letzte, einundzwan21gmillionste bitcoin gemined wird - Spoiler Alert: gar nicht. Durch das Halbieren wird es niemals dazu kommen, dass der einundzwan21gmillionste bitcoin gemined werden wird. Allerdings wird es einen letzten bitcoin geben und dieser wird voraussichtlich im Jahr 2140 das Licht des Lebens erblicken). Da wir uns einen kurz- bis mittelfristigen Planungshorizont ausgelegt haben, gehen wir als Annahme 1️⃣1️⃣ von einem Block Reward von 6.25 BTC aus.
🏊♀️ Pool Fee
Zunächst mal muss ich hier das Konzept des Mining Pools erklären. Am einfachsten ist es einen Pool mit einer Lotto Spielgruppe zu erklären. Der Mining Prozess ähnelt einem Glücksspiel, bei dem jede//r Spieler//in eine möglichst kleine Zahl erraten muss, und je mehr Rechenleistung ein//e Spieler//in hat, desto häufiger darf diese//r raten bzw. desto schneller kann sie//er hintereinander raten. Um die Chancen zu verbessern schließt man sich also einer Spielgruppe bzw. einem Mining Pool an. Denn so kann man auch mit kleinerer Rechenleistung seine Chancen auf einen Gewinn erhöhen. Der Mining Pool bündelt die Rechenleistung seiner Mitglieder und suggeriert dem Netzwerk so, dass es sich um einen Teilnehmer mit enorm hoher Hashrate handelt. Bei erfolgreichem Minen eines Blocks, werden dann die Gewinne (Block Reward plus Transaktionsgebühr) vom Pool auf seine Mitglieder anteilig der zur Verfügung gestellten Rechenleistung aufgeteilt. Bei der Lotto Spielgruppe würde also der Jackpot auf die Anzahl der Spieler//innen und von der//dem jeweiligen Spieler//in bezahlten Reihen aufgeteilt. Für diese administrativen Aufgaben behält der jeweilige Poolbetreiber in der Regel eine Gebühr ein, meist um die 2%, jedoch ist das von Anbieter zu Anbieter unterschiedlich. Wie bereits angesprochen, wird das Mining immer professioneller und die Difficulty immer schwieriger. Deshalb ist es einer kleinen Mining Operation mit verschwindend geringer Hashrate, im Vergleich zum Gesamtaufkommen, sogut wie unmöglich ohne einen Pool zu arbeiten. Die Größe der Pools werden in der nächsten Grafik sehr gut deutlich, da man hier schön sieht, dass mehr als die Hälfte der gesamten Hashrate unter den sechs größten Pools aufgeteilt wird.
Also, für unsere Analyse nehmen wir also als Annahme 1️⃣2️⃣ eine Pool Fee von 2% an.
🧾 Womit wir endlich zur Rechnung bzw. dem Zusammenziehen aller Annahmen kommen.
Annahme 1️⃣: Strom ist vorhanden Annahme 2️⃣: Mining Equipment ist im Handel vorrätig Annahme 3️⃣: Ein Stromspeicher mit 50 kWh Kapazität wird benötigt Annahme 4️⃣: Peripherie ist vorhanden bzw. vernachlässigbar Annahme 5️⃣: Wir rechnen mit 1525 Sonnenstunden pro Jahr Annahme 6️⃣: Der Break Even beträgt 12 Cents Annahme 7️⃣: Volle Abschreibung des Equipments in einem Jahr Annahme 8️⃣: Erzeugte Rechenleistung von 140TH/s Annahme 9️⃣: Schwierigkeitsgrad von 100% jedes Jahr Annahme 1️⃣0️⃣: Bitcoin Preis = 30.000 Euro Annahme 1️⃣1️⃣: Block Reward von 6.25 BTC Annahme 1️⃣2️⃣: Pool Fee von 2%
Die Berechnung / Projektion ist jetzt eigentlich gar nicht mehr so schwierig. Nachdem man für sich alle Annahmen getroffen hat und diese mit den tatsächlichen Umständen / der Realität abgestimmt hat, bedarf es jetzt keinen großen mathematischen Fähigkeiten mehr. Stattdessen gibt es für diese Zwecke sogenannte Profitability Rechner, mit denen sich relativ schnell verschiedene Szenarien bei abweichenden Variables durchspielen lassen. Einen dieser Rechner stellt Braiins.com zur Verfügung, einer der führenden Anbieter für Mining Software. Trägt man nun die oben gesammelten Variablen in diesen Rechner ein, kalkuliert dieser anhand der der aktuellen Difficulty u.a. Gewinne/Verluste, den Break Even, die Anzahl gemineter bitcoins und auch den Cash Flow.
Gibt man die Variablen nun in den Profitability Rechner ein und schaut sich nur die nächsten 12 Monate an, so bekommt man das folgende Bild.
Was hier gut zu erkennen ist, ist zunächst mal ein End Profit von 1.526 Euro im Jahr. Juhu, denkt man sich also, wir haben Gewinn gemacht. Allerdings ist dieser (1) sehr schmal und somit den Aufwand eigentlich schon gar nicht wert, denn wir haben in unserer Rechnung noch gar keine Arbeitsstunden oder weitere Overheads berücksichtigt, und (2) sind 12 Cents pro kWh ziemlich günstig und eine Anpassung auf nur 18 Cents sorgen schon dafür, dass der Gewinn zu einem Verlust wird.
Weiterhin müssen wir sehen, dass unsere Hardware Value von 35.000 Euro innerhalb nur eines Jahres auf ca. 20.000 gefallen ist, da wir das Mining Equipment im ersten Jahr voll abschreiben müssen und ich für den Speicher mal 5 Jahre veranlagt habe. Unser Cashflow liegt also bei -33.124 Euro, da wir das ganze Equipment im ersten Jahr erstmal angeschafft haben.
Jetzt kann man natürlich überlegen, an welchen Stellschrauben muss ich drehen, um mir ein Szenario zu basteln, das für mich sehr dankenswert ausgeht, ohne gleichzeitig absurd und komplett aus der Luft gegriffen scheint. Also nehmen wir an, der Bitcoin Preis steigt wieder auf sein voriges ATH und läge somit bei ca. 60.000 Euro und meinen Strom bekomme ich deutlich günstiger, also für 6 Cents pro kWh. In solch einem Szenario generieren wir dann tatsächlich ca. 7.800 Euro an Gewinn. Das heißt, wenn wir davon ausgehen, dass das Equipment 5 Jahre lang hält, hätten wir sogar einen kleinen Gewinn zu verbuchen und unsere Investitionskosten wieder raus.
Wenn Mining so eine schlechte Marge hat, warum sollte jemand überhaupt in das Geschäft einsteigen fragt man sich da konsequenterweise. Zunächst Mal gibt es viele Länder auf der Welt, in denen Elektrizität immer noch sehr günstig zu bekommen ist, das steigert natürlich die Marge. Außerdem muss man an die Skalierbarkeit des Mining Equipments denken. Die Großzahl aller ASIC Chips (wenn nicht alle) wird in Asien hergestellt, was bedeutet, dass Mining Rigs dort auch viel günstiger zu kaufen sind, und weitere Betriebskosten (Personal, Miete für die Unterbringung, Wasser für die Kühlung, etc.) dort auch vergleichsweise günstig sind. Hinzu kommt, dass viele der großen Mining Operationen seit mehreren Jahren aktiv sind und dementsprechend von höheren Block Rewards profitieren konnten und viele Investitionen in Equipment dadurch auch schon wieder wettgemacht haben.
Insgesamt bleibt aber festzuhalten, dass Bitcoin Mining kein leichtes und vor allem kein besonders profitables Unterfangen darstellt. Besonders in Deutschland führen die hohen Anschaffungskosten für die Hardware, sowie der hoch subventionierte Strom dazu, dass es sich lohnt seinen gewonnenen Solarstrom ins Netz einzuspeisen. Überschüssiger Strom kann leider durch Bitcoin Mining noch nicht kostengerecht umgewandelt und gespeichert werden (Alternativlösung ist die Umwandlung in Wasserstoff, allerdings ist auch dies eine teure Methode), sodass eine Hybridlösung, in der zwischen Einspeisevergütung zu Stoßzeiten und Bitcoin Mining zu Stromüberflusszeiten gewechselt wird, keinen profitablen Mehrwert erzeugt.
Der Nutzen bei Bitcoin ist gegeben und rechtfertigt den Stromverbrauch. Welchen genauen Nutzen Bitcoin hat, ist ein sehr individuell zu betrachtendes Argument. In entwickelten Ländern und für Sparer, Investoren und Händler bietet Bitcoin z.B. Inflationsschutz und noch viel weiter gedacht könnte Bitcoin in Zukunft den Dollar als Leitwährung ablösen. In armen, viel weniger entwickelten Ländern wird der Nutzen viel kleiner gedacht. Geld ist dort wenig vorhanden und das Senden von solchem aus reicheren Ländern ist extrem teuer. Der Markt für globale Rücküberweisungen (Remittance market) wird auf 450 Milliarden Dollar jährlich geschätzt (zusätzlich einer Dunkelziffer von geschätzten 250 Milliarden Dollar) und die Kosten, die bei diesen Rücküberweisungen anfallen, liegen oft in zweistelligen Prozentbereichen. Dazu kommt, dass viele Menschen einfach keinen direkten Zugang zu Banken haben. Man geht davon aus, dass ca. 30% aller Erwachsenen auf der Welt unbanked sind. Banking the unbanked, also Menschen den Zugang zum Finanzsektor zu ermöglichen ist einer dieser, wenn nicht sogar Bitcoins größter, Nutzen.
Das heißt eine Debatte darüber, ob das Bitcoin Protokoll von PoW auf PoS umgestellt werden sollte, oder darüber ob Bitcoin Mining per se umweltschädlich ist, oder ob sogar sauberer Strom, der beim Mining genutzt wird nicht anderweitig besser verwendet werden könnte, muss nicht geführt werden. Die Frage, die sich stellt, ist ob Mining mit erneuerbaren Energien profitabel erreicht werden kann und ob dies hier in Deutschland möglich ist.
Bei der Profitabilität eines Mining Betriebs auf Solarenergie kann man letztlich davon ausgehen, dass 6 Cent pro kWh bei einem deutlich höheren Bitcoin Preis erreicht werden müssen damit sich der Aufwand und die Investition lohnen. Der globale Mining Betrieb wird immer weiter professionalisiert, was den kWh Preis zusätzlich nach unten treibt. Dazu kommen steigende Difficulty Adjustments, sowie sinkende Block Rewards. Heutzutage sind fossile Brennstoffe weltweit oft noch günstig genug, dass sich an diesen Stellen das Bitcoin Mining lohnt. Allerdings gibt es insgesamt eine starke Tendenz hin zu erneuerbaren Energien und es ist davon auszugehen, dass schon heute über 50% des Mining Betriebs auf erneuerbaren bzw. anderweitig ungenutzten Energien läuft.
Dadurch dass sich der Kostenbereich, in dem sich Bitcoin Mining lohnt immer weiter nach unten verschoben wird, erzeugt Bitcoin eine Incentivierung den überproduzierten Strom, der vom Stromnetz nicht absorbiert werden kann, zu verwenden. Anders als bei der Idee der Energiespeicherung in Wasserstoff, ist Bitcoin Mining eine viel transportablere und direktere Art der Energiespeicherung, da die überschüssige Energie nicht in einem weiteren Produkt wie Wasserstoff, sondern direkt in Geld, gespeichert wird. Diese Incentivierung jegliche Erzeugung von Strom profitabler zu gestalten und dauerhaft Strom zu erzeugen (selbst wenn der erzeugte Strom weniger brächte als die Subventionen und dadurch oft Anlagen ausgeschaltet werden) ist ein klassischer marktwirtschaftlicher Vorgang. Denn ein wichtiger Punkt ist die Subventionierung von Energie in Deutschland. Hierbei wird die Herstellung von erneuerbaren Energien vom Staat unterstützt wird, auch wenn z.B. gar keine Sonne scheint und somit die Solaranlage keinen Strom produziert.
Insgesamt ist eine Tendenz hin zu 100%igem behind-the-meter Mining zu beobachten, also dass Bitcoin ausschließlich an Stellen geminet wird, an denen über produzierter Strom vorhanden ist, der sonst nicht ins Stromnetz eingespeist würde. Damit wären den Kritikern alle Argumente genommen, da auch nicht argumentiert werden kann, dass selbst bei Mining auf Basis von erneuerbaren Energien, dieser Strom anderweitig genutzt werden könnte und somit andernorts wieder fossile Brennstoffe benötigt werden.
Es bleibt also festzuhalten, dass der gesamt Mining Betrieb immer effizienter und ressourcenschonender wird, dabei aber auch immer kompetitiver und somit immer weniger profitabel. Wenn es sich also nicht mehr lohnt selber zu minen, bedeutet dass nicht nur, dass die Einspeisevergütung oder Subventionierung höher ist, sondern auch, dass das nicht investierte Geld einfach direkt in Bitcoin gesteckt werden könnte um damit höhere Erträge zu erzielen.
Ein immer professionalisierterer Mining Betrieb hat aber auch eine Clusterung zu folge, da sich immer stärker nur die großen Mining Operationen und Mining Pools langfristig durchsetzen, die mit viel niedrigeren Margen arbeiten können, als z.B. semi-professionelle Operationen. Anders als in den Kindertagen von Bitcoin, als Mining noch aus den Kellern und Kinderzimmern mit Spielegrafikkarten betrieben wurde und damit eine wirkliche Dezentralisierung der Hashrate garantiert wurde, führt die Clusterung dazu, dass eine kleinere Gruppe von Entscheidungsträgern größere politische und technische Einflussnahme erreicht. Das kann z.B. bei der Einführung von Updates im Protokoll nicht zu vernachlässigende Folgen haben.
🫳🎤
In diesem Sinne, 2... 1... Risiko!
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@ 000002de:c05780a7
2024-07-17 20:42:08
Bitcoiners have been saying this for a while. The firearms community needs to adopt bitcoin before they have no other options. Few have headed this advice. I went to YouTube today a saw a video from a very popular firearms training channel called Hickok45. The released a video titled Bad News - YouTube where they let their subscribers know about the uncertainty of their future due to YouTube's new policy banning firearms advertising.
YouTube is of course within their rights to do this but that's not a solution to the problem. The problem goes deeper. Credit card processors and companies as well as banks have and could increase their censorship of firearms purchases. Bitcoin fixes this.
As far as the video hosting problem there are other platforms that will likely open their doors to these trainers and educators but that isn't good enough. Nostr is new but I see it as the most hopeful solution coupled with bitcoin over lightning. Over the past week I've been experimenting with satellite.earth CDN file hosting service. I've been pretty impressed by it. Its very new but it seems like a real solution to the file hosting centralization problem for Nostr.
I've tried in the past to make the case for bitcoin to gun owners and few seem to see the problem. I think this is largely due to their faulty belief in the state. There are some companies that have adopted bitcoin. The only one that I'm aware of is Fenix Ammunition. Anyone aware of others?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612067
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-07-17 15:31:31
These are my very preliminary QB rankings, my only research being the RotoWire depth charts and player notes.
Tier 1
Josh Allen, Jalen Hurts
I don’t know who Allen will throw to other than Dalton Kincaid, but he needs only 25-ish TD passes to be the QB1 if he stays healthy, given all the rushing numbers. Hurts is second only because he’s not as good in real life, and there’s some small risk of implosion, skills-wise. But 10-plus TDs on the ground creates its own tier.
Tier 2
Patrick Mahomes, Anthony Richardson, Lamar Jackson
What’s odd about this tier is how different these players are. Mahomes, despite a poor 2023 regular season, gets in because he’s the GOAT, and Andy Reid is a arguably the greatest offensive coach of all time. Richardson could easily be the 1.1, but injury risk and lack of track record give him a much lower floor. Jackson doesn’t get the goal line looks that often, especially with Derrick Henry in tow, but obviously his running gives him a huge lift.
Tier 3
CJ Stroud, Kyler Murray, Jordan Love, Dak Prescott
Stroud has a loaded receiving corps now with Stefon Diggs on the team, and he’d be my bet to lead the league in passing yards. But he doesn’t run much, and that caps his ceiling slightly. I almost put him in Tier 2 because you can make the case he’s basically Mahomes with 200 fewer rushing yards. Murray is another year off his ACL tear, runs a lot and gets Marvin Harrison. It’s still an open question whether he’s good, though. Love looks like a player, runs a little and has young, developing wideouts. Prescott is in a pass-heavy offense, has an elite WR1 and is the ultimate stat-padder which works in fantasy. (You could just push all four into Tier 2 and make it seven deep, as the cutoff is a bit arbitrary.)
Tier 4
Joe Burrow, Justin Herbert, Brock Purdy, Kirk Cousins, Tua Tagovailoa, Jared Goff, Trevor Lawrence
This is the tier of the passing-only QBs with the exception of Herbert who can run, but might be hamstrung by a run-heavy offense, and Lawrence, who might not be good. I would gamble on Herbert’s athleticism and skills nonetheless if he falls into this tier. And Lawrence gets a much-needed rookie deep threat which could open things up. Burrow is Tier 3 if he would stay healthy, but he obviously carries more risk on that front, and I don’t think he’ll run much now.
Tier 5
Deshaun Watson, Daniel Jones, Matthew Stafford, Aaron Rodgers, Caleb Williams, Sam Darnold, Jayden Daniels, Baker Mayfield, Geno Smith
Watson might be cooked, but there’s still upside if he can run like he used to. Jones has a big ceiling with his mobility and Malik Nabers on the team. Stafford has two top receivers and a great offensive coach. Rodgers is old, but he has weapons now, and Williams has a loaded receiving corps. People might laugh at Darnold in this tier, but he’s mobile and has Justin Jefferson, Jordan Addison and T.J. Hockenson. If he keeps the job (a big if), he has upside, which is what you want in this tier. Mayfield and Smith are solid and boring, which is also fine if you wait forever on QB. Daniels’ mobility puts him here instead of the scrub tier.
Tier 6 (Scrubs)
Russell Wilson, Derek Carr, Will Levis, Drake Maye, Raiders QBs, Bo Nix
These are the scrubs. One or two might not turn out to be scrubs, but it’s hard to get excited about any of them.
These rankings will change, but I like to get my preliminary ones down on paper before I get influenced by ADP and training camp hype.
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@ 6bae33c8:607272e8
2024-07-17 15:14:55
These are my very preliminary TE rankings, my only research being the RotoWire depth charts and player notes.
**Tier 1 **
Sam LaPorta
He gets his own tier because he’s the only TE for whom there are no red flags. Most TEs do very little as rookies, while LaPorta was a rare exception and should only get better. His competition for targets is perfect — a true No.1 receiver, a play-making field-stretcher and a speedy running back, i.e., defenses have to account for multiple threats, but it’s not too crowded for LaPorta to see 140-odd targets in Year 2.
**Tier 2 **
**Mark Andrews, Dalton Kincaid, Evan Engram, Trey McBride, Travis Kelce, George Kittle **
Kelce is the fantasy GOAT, but he turns 35 in October, and age catches up to everyone eventually. Andrews gets hurt a lot, but he should still be Lamar Jackson’s favorite target when healthy. Kincaid might lead the Bills in targets, and in Year 2 could take the leap to TE1. But unlike LaPorta, he hasn’t quite done it yet. Engram caught 114 passes last year, and Calvin Ridley is gone, so I don’t see his role diminishing much. McBride is a rising star in a good situation with only Marvin Harrison, Jr. to compete with for targets. And Kittle is a star when healthy and could see more looks if Brandon Aiyuk is traded.
Tier 3
T.J. Hockenson, Kyle Pitts, Jake Ferguson, David Njoku, Cole Kmet, Brock Bowers
There’s no doubt about Hockenson’s talent, but the downgrade to Sam Darnold or J.J. McCarthy could be steep. Pitts can still be the 1.1 with a competent quarterback, but at this point there’s some O.J. Howard risk (great athlete, average NFL player.) Ferguson is just in a great spot with the Cowboys and their thin group of pass catchers after CeeDee Lamb. Njoku looked like a guy who belonged in the first round seven years ago, and it’s not that unusual for TEs to take some time to peak. (Njoku took longer than most, but like Engram, some of that was probably due to poor QB play early on.) Kmet’s got a lot more competition for targets, but also a likely QB upgrade, and he’s still young and on the upswing. Bowers is a home run swing — he might do nothing as a rookie, but could also be the Raiders 1A to Davante Adams out of the gate.
**Tier 4 **
Dalton Schultz, Dallas Goedert, Pat Freiermuth, Jonnu Smith
If I were to get shut out from the top-three tiers, I’d be okay with any of these guys. Schultz will have a role in a top passing offense, even if it’s a secondary one. Goedert has never really put it together, but is still in a good spot in the Eagles top-heavy offense. Freiermuth is a good pass catcher and could see more opportunities with the trade of Diontae Johnson. Smith is a wild card. His floor is basically zero as he could be used to block, but his upside is Tier 2 if the Dolphins indeed make him the No. 3 option in their fast-paced offense.
**Tier 5 (scrubs) **
Hunter Henry, Chigoziem Okonkwo, Tyler Conklin, Mike Gesicki
You never know, one of them might bust out, and there are others not listed, but it would be hard to count on these guys. Gesicki intrigues me a bit since he used to be productive, and the Bengals are thin after their star receivers, but they never seem to use the TE much.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-17 12:54:22
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/610267/r/Undisciplined
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July 17, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTFive Economic Terms You Should Know When Learning About Bitcoin
16.5k sats \ 19 comments \ @siggy47 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/210392/r/Undisciplined?commentId=210400
Excerpt
I'm not 100 percent sure this will interest you, but I stumbled upon this podcast episode yesterday. I am pretty ignorant about China, but this guest gave me an incredible lesson about Chinese culture and politics. Bitcoin is discussed, but there's s […]
571 sats \ 3 replies \ @siggy47
From Any research on "Bitcoin Culture" in China? by @nullcount in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @nerd2ninja (1st hiding, almost certainly @siggy47)
1038 stacked \ 3620 spent \ 0 posts \ 20 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
39.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 49.5k spent \ 99 posts \ 308 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 17, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTAsk SN: How to use Bitcoin if it gets banned
Excerpt
How should somepony use Bitcoin if its gets entirely banned? Is LN practicable anymore then? i mean Smartphones and PC's would get hacked and Wallets drained (Canada)?
199 sats \ 31 comments \ @pony \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/46223/r/Undisciplined?commentId=46329
Excerpt
My paper got accepted for a conference!
362 sats \ 1 reply \ @random_
From Daily discussion thread by @saloon in ~null
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
15.5k stacked \ 15.1k spent \ 0 posts \ 9 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
20.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29k spent \ 66 posts \ 233 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 17, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTHow the U.S. became the world's new bitcoin mining hub
Link to https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/17/bitcoin-miners-moving-to-us-carbon-footprint.html
4 sats \ 2 comments \ @shawnyeager \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/373/r/Undisciplined?commentId=375
Excerpt
The main point: you commit outbound liquidity and you get inbound liquidity from someone in your ring. It's a nice hack on liquidity trying to solve the same problem dual-funded channels or Pool solves.
1 sat \ 1 reply \ @sha256
From lightning liquidity via a ring of fire introduction service by @el_zonte in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKERNo top stacker
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
12 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 31 spent \ 4 posts \ 7 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/611566
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@ f954303f:6e1b0af5
2024-07-16 21:18:31
阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火 我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活
(https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/)如题。楼主15岁时来美国读高中，我的学校就位于阿巴拉契亚山脉，号称Allegheny山脉以西最古老的预科学校，也是州内最好的私立高中，学校甚至还有专门的校车路线每天单程四十分钟跨州去接其他城市的day student。如果去看Niche或者reddit上的评价，当地人都会说academically challenging并且升学很好。具体情况暂不表。本文不提美国高中比较普遍的文化问题，皆在作为一个outsider观察所谓rust belt区居民的精神与生活状态。
刚来读书的时候学校所在城市人口还能排到州内第三，刚刚去查已经第四了 (https://preview.redd.it/qdfq6iflgxcd1.png?width=380&format=png&auto=webp&s=6e06e8545b71eed4cfe38faaef6b7145feb3d20e)
学校所在的城市曾是19世纪末美国人均最有钱的城市，但现在去downtown却只能看到一两百年前留下来的各式各样的厂房废墟。由于煤炭和重工业的衰退，城市的就业在各类服务业中达成了一个奇妙的平衡：教育和健康占比gdp 19%，政府15%，贸易交通和公用事业21%，休闲娱乐12%。其实也是国内资源枯竭型城市的一个future outlook了。如此的数据也导致pandemic期间城市内失业率达到了将近16%，而现在最新数据只有3.7%。
23年十月的最新downtown街景，得益于拜登的Building a better America grant，在修路 (https://preview.redd.it/wnu9molznxcd1.png?width=1196&format=png&auto=webp&s=2e2196580945ff8549bf9e2f6bcd8d33d9be2eb9)
废弃工厂 (https://preview.redd.it/o44t4hl7nxcd1.png?width=2544&format=png&auto=webp&s=8c801c1cb7d47613300b28387f2c2c884b1bdeff)
回到学校内，因为学校白人比例过高，作为一个私立学校，即使当地人实际完全不在乎，但学校多年来一直维持一位黑人老师的传统。同理，学校会付全奖给巴哈马国际学生请他们来上学，我们中国学生戏称进口黑人。当然，这一切的一切都只是表面功夫。没有人真正在乎diversity，也没有人在乎自己bubble之外的世界。即使学生的家长们人均会计师律师医生，甚至我的某位当地同学会开着当时最新款的s500来上学，同学们的活动范围依旧局限于tri-state area：度假去virginia beach，购物就近解决。即使每年走读学费要两万美元，依旧只有寥寥几人去过DC纽约，更别提什么加州欧洲甚至更远的地方了。
这些所谓中上层阶级的阿巴拉契亚居民怀揣着他们american small town centric的生活方式，那就更不用提J.D. Vance等种种没有特权的当地白人了。无知，迷茫和傲慢是当地特产，于是在学校被问中国有没有DQ是日常，在超市里被人说you are in america so speak english 更是日常。那种红脖式的传统教育更是在21世纪显得匪夷所思：boarding director会无视欧洲学生吸大麻但按着没要permission出门钓鱼的中国学生的头往墙上砸并让他们go back to China，学生早上迟到会被强迫把学校垃圾桶搬到校后河边倒进河里，目的是被河对岸超市顾客怒骂以“长记性”。
作为曾经的军校，为延续传统，每届freshman感恩节之前一周会被送到一个手机信号只有一格的户外中心做团建，爬树，攀岩，在山里负重徒步，坐在落叶堆上写日记，如此等等。当然，手机每天是要被收走的，每两天固定时间可以去食堂旁边用十五分钟跟家里发条消息。16年11月川普当选时，我们学生们围在common room的那台radio旁边，在这样的播音效果 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkc5ApocI7Q&ab_channel=Serj)里等来了川普当选的消息。我无法形容当地学生听到消息开始欢呼跳舞的情形，甚至到了晚上洗澡时间可以看到橄榄球队alpha male们裹着浴巾在洗澡堂chest bump。唯有年级唯二的其中一个小黑（因为和我一样不受“主流学生”待见，给了我nword pass）独自黯然神伤。
在Junior year的Human Geo课上, 我们有机会和本州senator视频连线。作为班里唯一的中国人，我被老师强行安排当演员，提问他对中国的看法，于是尴尬狼狈不堪的站在摄像头前被狠狠china bad了十分钟。其他一些Environmental Science 或是Contemporary Issues课上更是充斥着什么联合国要强迫美国人不喝牛奶并且限制美国人聚集区域等Conspiracy Theory。btw，这个老白男老师是UPENN Chemistry毕业，因为成绩太差最后去iowa读了phd来高中教书。
最后的Senior year，作为本州最好的高中，抛开中国学生不谈，一届四五十个学生中，只有个位数当地学生真正意义上跨出了所谓的tri-state area，去的学校也更是USC或liberal arts这一类。剩下的大部分会继续留在小城里，在学校方圆几十英里内的几所大学或是去州立读一个学位。和J.D. Vance一样，我最好的当地白人朋友选择marine crop当兵，自此也就不再联系。当然，这位白人朋友也是校内被bully的对象之一，因为坊间传言他是被收养的俄罗斯弃婴。
至此，tldr，阿巴拉契亚区域的事实生活环境与国内的众多资源枯竭型城市类似，但多数居民依旧固步自封，怀揣着对生活变得日益艰难的不满，坚定的持有他们传统的教育和生活理念。与更普遍的传统美国小镇生活不一样的是，因为周边经济环境的持续衰退，这些阿巴拉契亚居民的生活实质上不可持续，面临死局。不过就像J.D. Vance一样，有能力并且真正有意愿跳出bubble打破幻想的，仅仅为极少数。
submitted by /u/Leading_Software_163 (https://www.reddit.com/user/Leading_Software_163)
[link] (https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/)[comments] (https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/)
#China_irl
https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/
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@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f
2024-07-16 19:28:32
Here are 5 of mine:
- Choosing not to complete a 4 year degree.
- Choosing to start a serious relationship with my girlfriend.
- Choosing to learn everything I could about Bitcoin and choosing to save in it.
- Choosing to quit my job and go all in on getting the absolute most out of my athletic career.
- Choosing to travel to Thailand.
What are some of the most significant choices you made during your 20s?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/610740
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-16 13:20:36
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/609082/r/Undisciplined
Don't miss @siggy47's Golden Oldies, today.
Financial housekeeping: I'm currently zapping the top posts and comments 42 sats each, while forwarding 10% to the top stackers, which tallies up to about 600 sats per post including the 202 for posting in ~meta. So far, This Day In has been roughly breaking even at those levels. If zaps increase on these posts, then I'll increase the amount going out to the OP's.
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July 16, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTNo additional context. Let us know in the comments.
1542 sats \ 63 comments \ @andrews \ ~meta
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/209703/r/Undisciplined?commentId=209797
Excerpt
Buried in grief from all the recent death in my life.
419 sats \ 7 replies \ @elvismercury
From What's wrong with you? by @andrews in ~meta
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
5035 stacked \ 5150 spent \ 1 post \ 15 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
26.3k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29.6k spent \ 70 posts \ 151 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 16, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTMy life should not revolve around Bitcoin
Excerpt
I can't stop thinking about Bitcoin while it is made so that I shouldn't have to think about it anymore. I waste my time listening to Bitcoin podcasts and watch Bitcoin Youtube videos and procrastinate an a Bitcoin social media. Why is that?
1097 sats \ 51 comments \ @tomlaies \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/45962/r/Undisciplined?commentId=46014
Excerpt
It becomes all encompassing. Listen to some music again. After about 6 months of non stop podcast when I went back to just listening to music in the car,it was glorious, like finding the music all over again.
430 sats \ 4 replies \ @falsefaucet
From My life should not revolve around Bitcoin by @tomlaies in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
15.3k stacked \ 20.9k spent \ 2 posts \ 25 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
27.3k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29.6k spent \ 80 posts \ 203 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 16, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTJack Dorsey Announces New Square Division To Build DeFi on Bitcoin
Link to https://www.thestreet.com/crypto/bitcoin/jack-dorsey-announces-new-square-division-to-build-defi-on-bitcoin
5 sats \ 8 comments \ @shawnyeager \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/349/r/Undisciplined?commentId=371
Excerpt
Adding a math plugin to my markdown editor is on my todo list ... so I can show rather than tell what the ranking algo is among other things. […]
10 sats \ 0 replies \ @k00b
From Frequently Asked Questions by @sn in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
14 stacked \ 30 spent \ 1 post \ 8 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
39 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 84 spent \ 4 posts \ 15 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/610267
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@ f0aca767:dce3306e
2024-07-16 05:29:43
This is going to be a sort of long one (or maybe it won't?), because I have a lot of thoughts as a tech and social media enthusiast, and some of those thoughts have to do with how I feel about the direction that social media is moving in. How I feel about Mastodon, and Nostr, side-by-side, and what the biggest problems with Bluesky are.
So, let's jump right the heck in ...
Nostr, the misconceptions, and the truth
I recently wrote about Nostr, and its relayed protocol of user-owned identity that you can take ... wherever. I outlined a lot of thoughts and impressions I initially had, and then what I wrote went to Reddit, and then it found itself on Nostr. It got there entirely outside my own involvement. I posted to Mastodon, and almost nowhere else.
This inspired me to log back in, and set some things up (such as domain verification from one of a few domains I own), and then I explored a bit. I interacted with people, participated in some community events that came up spontaneously, and really dug into the extreme multitude of features that run across the Nostr network.
Let's just say, I was pretty floored, and some of the impressions I had were wrong. Such as thinking that a place that is more centered around the idea of lacking censorship, or robust moderation, must be filled with toxic, horrible trolls. In the couple of days I've been messing with the network, I think I've muted like one person who said some off-the-wall shit in my notifications.
But ... I think Nostr has nasty people just in the same way Twitter, Threads, and Mastodon do. They exist, and they always will, no matter where you go. Suffice to say, I learned a lot about what decentralization was, and now is. I was given an article by user nostr:npub1njst6azswskk5gp3ns8r6nr8nj0qg65acu8gaa2u9yz7yszjxs9s6k7fqx that gave some really in-depth information about the emergence of decentralization--Scuttlebutt, ActivityPub, and then ATProtocol, and Nostr.
I'm not going to lie, I originally started writing this as a hit piece against Bluesky, thinking their ATProtocol was just a riff of what Nostr was doing. But, apparently, both ATP and Nostr were developed independent of each other, and mostly without any knowledge of one or the other. I think that's ... actually pretty wild, and strange.
On the topic of decentralization, which is something I feel is integral to the future of the internet, I now understand Mastodon to be a place of islands, and decentralization that occurs in a way that's more like isolated communities talking to other isolated communities. Like the latter half of The Walking Dead.
In a way, it's decentralization, the half-measure. The full-measure, that comes with some iffy trade-offs some may not like, is Nostr, and ATProtocol.
You take your identity, your thoughts, your posts, and you move freely between pieces of software, and networks, and you lose nothing (this is nearly the direct opposite of Mastodon, where moving to a new server means burning everything you've ever posted, to the ground). And, honestly, I'm kind of starting to feel like that's how it should be. The downside, is that, on Nostr, you have a public key, and a secret key. Your secret key is something you use to log in and sign events coming from your account, and your public key is basically your identity. That's not the iffy part, though. The iffy part, is that people can use your public key to see all of your data except direct messages (which are encrypted).
Not entirely too scary, unless you're doing a lot of weird things on your account. But definitely something you should know if you decide that this is a journey you want to take, and you're not jaded from hearing about how much Jack Dorsey loved Nostr and it's Bitcoin affiliation (a lot of people across different platforms hold a lot of dislike for the man).
At this point, I'm less worried about the power consumption of BTC transactions, and have more shifted that focus to content farms from the likes of Microsoft and Nvidia buying up all the AI tech they can get their grubby little hands on.
That aside, I'm not writing this to blow smoke up the Bluesky developer's butts. I, in fact, am not favorable of Bluesky and there are some specific reasons for that. Maybe this spells their downfall, or maybe they'll be a tight-knit community that doesn't really expand all that much, forever.
Bluesky, the Apple of social media
Bluesky is a place that a couple million people call home (I think, last I saw, it was around 6 million or so). There's no algorithm, and much like Nostr, you own your identity. Except, for now, that's mostly tied to the website's central server.
Now, obviously, there are far less people populating Nostr, but Nostr and its relays are able, and are connected to both ActivityPub and Bluesky (just, not through ATProtocol).
Most of what you'll see on bsky.app are quite a few furries, an actually impressive population of Second Life users, and quite a lot of LGBTQ+ people. None of these things or communities are inherently bad. In fact, I think they're probably the only reason Bluesky is really alive at all, today.
My angst and negative feelings about the direction of Bluesky have nothing to do with the LGBTQ+ community, or any other community residing on the platform. The issues I mainly hold have to do with how far up their own asses the board and developers are, in regard to the platform, and its development over the past year or so. This is why I kind of think of them as the Apple of social media. And you might think, "Hey, don't you own like a billion pieces of Apple tech?"
Yeah, I do.
But this is more like if Apple skipped over having Steve Jobs and just went straight to some random guy who didn't know what he was doing. You know, like putting up a wall and locking out all potential users for a year, and keeping all new sign-ups under lock and key via exclusive codes. As you might imagine, having that walled-garden erected through six or seven different events where people were leaving Twitter in droves, very likely probably worked against the social network's best interest.
Mainly, because Threads came out of absolutely nowhere, and sucked up most of those users.
That's only half of the issue, though. The other part to all of this, is that the developers I see directly on Bluesky do not recognize or acknowledge this at all. Paul Frazee, whose influence goes back quite a bit further than Bluesky, posts as though it's the greatest platform ever made (maybe just because he's a developer for Bluesky). But the website, despite its six million some-odd users, feels almost completely dead.
Which is ridiculous, because, as I've said, Nostr has far less users than that, and it most definitely doesn't feel dead when you post.
Not to mention, we're over a year into Bluesky, and it still, more or less, is propped up to look, feel, and act just like Twitter did in 2014. ATProtocol, in this respect, still feels mostly like an afterthought that's inaccessible to most users.
Meanwhile, if you really like Nostr, you can get going with your own chunk of the network immediately, with about a page of install commands.
It's this mixture of grandiosity that emanates from Bluesky, and the blunder of keeping their doors closed through one exodus after another, that I think they've shot themselves in the feet so much that they now don't have feet. They have stumps.
But, if you've followed me all the way through this article, I think there's a way they can blow the doors open. But, then they'd have to sort of abandon their idea of the ATProtocol, and stop trying to be the center of social media they most definitely are not, and probably never will be. And, really, that's the final issue I have with Bluesky and the ATProtocol.
It feels like they're trying to do Nostr, but be corporate-owned. Bluesky doesn't feel like it's owned by the people, developed by the people, and run by the people. It feels like it's run by some suits, who give the impression that the people will have their freedom, as long as they say it's okay.
And that, my buddy ol' pal, just ain't okay.
The elephant and the ostrich
Which brings us squarely back to Mastodon, and Nostr. Both platforms have their own merits. Nostr is about controlling your own content, and what you see, and largely eschews censorship to a high degree. But everyone can see almost everything you do and are talking about, whenever they want. Mastodon, on the other hand, puts the tools into a user's hands to create a network, and build their own communities, while picking and choosing who those communities interact with. A network that ... encourages users to police everyone around them ... which is how we end up with tyrannical admins acting like they work in a prison, and they've just been promoted to Warden.
If only there were some way to take the best parts of both of these animals, and make them one.
An elephrich.
For now, though, I am at least pretty content to screw around with both while I feel around and see what sticks. In the age of corporate control and censorship so heavy that people can't even say "kill" or "suicide" any more (these are only two of the most egregious examples I can think of), I think it's healthy to explore your options, and cement your identity, and who you are online, before everything else we've come to know is lost completely.
If that's something you care about, at least.
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@ e968e50b:db2a803a
2024-07-15 18:44:12
OK, I've digitized this crossword puzzle for easier game play. There's an unclaimed bounty still out for the broader puzzle associated with this crossword. It should be easy to make more now. Sorry to the hardcore folks that actually printed out the physical version.
https://stackernewscrosswordpuzzle.vercel.app/
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/609501
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@ 124b23f2:02455947
2024-07-15 15:36:19
Stacker.News if a website that may be familiar to most nostriches. But in case it is not, stacker.news is effectively a forum-style website that functions similar to reddit. But, with the very cool feature that sending sats works as the 'upvote' function. It's a great site, so check it out regardless of what I am about to break down.
One of the great features of Stacker News is that you get a custodial lightning wallet with your account. This wallet comes with a lightning address as well. Now, this alone is not unique or entirely useful. What makes Stacker News stand out is the way you can configure this wallet to interact with your self-hosted lightning stack. Now, I'm not just talking about the power user that is running their own node (although they do have useful configuration for those users). But, the lighter users that may be using a mobile wallet, such as mutiny, zeus, blixt, phoenix can use Stacker News to improve their zap receiving game.
Before I get into how, I want to highlight two great options to receive zaps via ln address if you are using a 'node in the phone solution.' The two options are zaplocker, provided as a solution for users of Zeus' embedded lightning node wallet, and lightning box, provided as a solution for users of the Blixt embedded lightning node wallet. Here is a summary of these two ln address solutions:
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Zaplocker: Zaplocker is an ln address provided for Zeus embedded node users. The way zaplocker works is that the sats are held temporarily in Zeus' node (for up to 24 hours), and once you log into your Zeus app and access the embedded node, you can redeem the sats. This can be made easier by setting your Zeus app to automatically redeem and sats awaiting redemption upon logging in, and there is also a persistent mode that can help the app stay on in the background. If the app is on in the background and you have turned on the auto redemption feature, it will function more or less to automatically receive sats much like a custodial wallet or a node you are running on a server
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Lightning Box: Lightning Box is an ln address provided for users of Blixt wallet. The way lightning box works is that, as long as you have a channel opened with the blixt wallet node and it has inbound liquidity, you can receive sats to the lightning box ln address. You have to set blixt wallet to persistent mode as part of using lightning box, which makes it more likely that your app will be running in the background and will successfully facilitate receipt of sats sent to the lightning box ln address. Unlike zaplocker, there is no 24 hour redemption time ; if your blixt wallet is not running in the background when the send is attempted, you will not receive the sats.
So, these both sound like great solutions and a pleb need not do anything else, right ? Wrong. Both are not perfect solutions, with the main issue being that even with persistent app settings, the apps will inevitably close because phones seem to do that for one unknown reason or another. Or a connection will be lost, and your app will not be running to receive the sats. Or if you want t run the apps over tor, your very likely to have a connection inturrupted. Now, with zeus you still have 24 hours to open it up, sync up your node and receive but we want to up our game so that a user does not have a chance to lose zaps.
Enter Stacker News. By Creating a stacker news account (you can even do so with using your blixt or zeus wallet to log in and create your account!), you now have an ln address you can use in place of your zaplocker or lightning box address. Use that stacker news address for receiving zaps on your nostr account. In your stacker news account, go to the wallet link, and click 'Attach Wallets'. Next, click 'configure' under the ln address option. Input your zaplocker or lightning box address. If you want, you can configure stacker news to withdraw automatically by setting the 'desired balance' to 0 sats. There will be a moment of custody, but it is a few seconds in my experience.
So, what have we just done and what's the improvement? Well, zaps you receive are going to be received to your stacker news ln address now. The improvement is that the stacker news node is on all the time, and you do not risk missing payments much like one can expect from say a Wallet of Satoshi ln address. With the configuration we made, the stacker news wallet is going to automatically withdraw sats received to your custody in your zaplocker or lightning box. For example: In the event that you are asleep, and your zeus or blixt wallet is not online for hours while nostriches across the globe are zapping the crap out of your viral post, your sats are sitting comftorably in your stacker news wallet. You will fire up your Zeus or Blixt app, and proceed to watch the sats flow into your custody from your stacker news wallet.
The result of this setup is a pleb who is not running an 'on all the time' node can experience a comparable receiving experience with minimal custodial exposure. I encourage any pleb, especially those using zaplocker due to the potential harm it can cause to the lightning network, to consider this setup. Let me know what your experience is or, for users already leveraging the Stacker News ln address, I'd be curious to hear about your configuration. Thanks for reading, hopefully someone finds this article helpful!
bitcoin #lightning #zeus #blixt
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/609313
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-15 14:35:27
This post is about my experience switching from ChromeOS to Linux on a refurbished ThinkPad T470s.
Starting with a not-so-genuine Windows 10
I wasn't comfortable with the potentially hacked Windows 10 that came pre-installed on my ThinkPad, so I decided to replace it with Linux. My initial goal was to install Fedora, a distro I'd used happily since versions 2 or 3. Unfortunately, the installation failed due to a damaged image on a small USB stick.
Ubuntu detour and Flatpak frustration
With Fedora out of the picture for now, I opted for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. While I liked Ubuntu overall, the outdated snap packages were a letdown. Installing Flatpak for more options resulted in a bunch of errors.
Back to Fedora, finally!
Determined to get Fedora running, I discovered the culprit behind the previous failed installation - a small and corrupted USB stick. With a bigger and healthy USB stick, Fedora 39 went in smoothly, followed by a successful upgrade to Fedora 40.
Why Fedora?
Fedora has been my trusted Linux companion for years. I switched to Ubuntu around versions 13 or 14, mainly for Ubuntu One and Long Term Support (LTS), which unfortunately got discontinued later. After a life-changing event that required me to relearn basic skills (like walking, reading and writing), Linux felt overwhelming, so I opted for the simplicity of Windows, but I wasn’t happy with it. Eventually, I found myself on a Chromebook for its lightweight and I thought travel-friendly nature.
Back on Linux with the ThinkPad
Now, with the ThinkPad, I'm back in the Linux world. The age of the machine isn't an issue, but I do miss the Nautilus image manipulation plugins I used to have. If anyone knows the package names or a setup guide to enable image resizing via right-click, please share in the comments!
Bonus: Desktop Environment Dilemma
Is it worth installing KDE Plasma alongside Gnome to have a choice at login? Or is it too big of a package? Let me know your thoughts (Pro and Cons) in the comments!
P.S. My foot is healing, and let's just say some travel food choices weren't the best! It happens when you're on the road full-time.
Images: My current workspace and a screenshot of my Gnome desktop.
Online
Feel free to support me by sending some sats via the lightning network to rubenstorm@sats.mobi
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-15 12:43:09
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/608036/r/Undisciplined
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July 15, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTWe need to support Bitcoin merchants more! ✅️⚡️
Excerpt
I recently went to the only Cafe around my city and area that accepts Bitcoin via LN. They happen to be a top end Cafe as well. Very good reputation and coffee.
1793 sats \ 65 comments \ @SatoshisSkeleton \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/209305/r/Undisciplined?commentId=209306
Excerpt
Day 91 of snailposting everyday 'til BTC hits $100k.
__@_'-'
103 sats \ 1 reply \ @orthwyrm
From Daily discussion thread by @saloon in ~null
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @k00b (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
6318 stacked \ 6902 spent \ 4 posts \ 4 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
30.2k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 33.8k spent \ 51 posts \ 189 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 15, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTSomebody is paying 25 sats for comments on SN
Excerpt
The turks and bots are coming. https://microlancer.io/task/view/3873
770 sats \ 30 comments \ @jeff \ ~meta
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/45557/r/Undisciplined?commentId=45692
Excerpt
ZFR is the best inbound to buy as a merchant/service, but ensure fees on other channels are high enough to prevent draining it. I do not recommend purchasing ZFR as a router, tho can make sense in a bootstrapping sense
248 sats \ 2 replies \ @LNAnon69420
From Best LN Liquidity Marketplaces by @kr in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
29.5k stacked \ 21.6k spent \ 3 posts \ 16 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
27.2k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 28.5k spent \ 84 posts \ 229 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 15, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTExcerpt
To quickly browse through this FAQ page, click the chapters icon in the top-right corner. This will let you scroll through all FAQ chapter titles or search for a particular topic within this page.
1021 sats \ 189 comments \ @sn \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/300/r/Undisciplined?commentId=341
Excerpt
1 sat \ 1 reply \ @hugomd
From Help a newb stack by @qecez in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @spain
4 stacked \ 25 spent \ 1 post \ 4 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
22 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 65 spent \ 7 posts \ 12 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/609082
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@ 1ec45473:d38df139
2024-07-15 10:42:34
`` ______________ / /| / / | /____________ / | | ___________ | | || || | || #NOSTR || | || || | ||___________|| | | _______ | / /| (_______) | / ( |_____________|/ \ .=======================. | :::::::::::::::: ::: | | ::::::::::::::[] ::: | | ----------- ::: |-----------------------'```
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@ 1ec45473:d38df139
2024-07-15 03:08:05
The probability of AGI ending us is negative.
A common tactic among doomers is to state something along the lines of the following:
"If we create AGI, there is some non-zero chance every year, that the AGI will end humanity. Whatever that chance is compounds every year, and is thus unacceptable."
The question I would ask the doomer is "How do you know that the chance of AGI ending humanity isn't negative?"
What does it mean for AGI to have a negative chance of ending humanity?
Setting aside AGI for a moment, what is the chance every year that humanity ends from other events, such as nuclear war, solar flares, super-volcanoes, asteroid hits, societal collapse, etc?
How do you even answer this question in a reasonable manner? Well lets look at past data.
Of all species that have existed 99% have gone extinct.
Of our closest 7 relatives from the genus Homo, 100% have gone extinct.
On a higher level looking at civilizational collapse. According to Wikipedia, virtually all historical societies have collapsed.
Looking out into the universe, we see no signs of life elsewhere, so if there was life in the past we can assume that they have gone extinct.
It would therefore be reasonable to say that the chance of our extinction is very high even without AGI, well above 90%. Maybe 99%.
You could argue the numbers but at least with these numbers we are using some past data to extrapolate the future, where the doomers are using no data whatsoever to support their numbers.
We can also state, that of all the species and societies that have collapsed in the past, they have done so because they did not yet have the knowledge on how to survive. They didn't know how to create antibiotics, or generate enough energy, or defend themselves from the environment.
What is AGI? AGI is a way to create knowledge. Most all societies in the past have collapsed because they didn't have the knowledge on how to survive, and the doomer argument is that we should slow down our ability to create knowledge, when we know that this has been precisely the problem in the past.
It is a certainty we will all die without more knowledge then we have now. The future death of our sun ensures that.
We have to create the knowledge on how to survive, and that is what AGI does - it creates knowledge.
AGI most certainly has a negative probability of ending humanity.
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@ 1aa437b3:51119dbd
2024-07-15 02:11:13
I will confess, I went the pirate way with Jellyfinn and Plex and quickly got a letter from my ISP that I was naughty. So if I am going to do this legit, what is the best service? I do have a bunch of stuff on Amazon, and I trust they will stick around, but my god there is no rhyme or reason to organization. Apple... well it's Apple. And of course Google Play/Youtube.. and I don't know what others are out there.. but share what you use and why.. thanks, cheers!
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/608576
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@ 9ca0bd74:4052340b
2024-07-14 22:59:01
Step 1:
find the RSS feeds you want to follow
(Right click on the website's page, and choose Page Source. In the new window that appears, use the “find” feature and search 'rss')
some websites will have a standard format eg. substack add '/feed' at the end of the URL. You can even have RSS feeds of YouTube channels;)
Step 2:
Go to https://atomstr.data.haus/
Add at least one of the following relays to your nostr account to read the feeds:
wss://nostr.data.haus
wss://relayable.org
wss://relay.highlighter.com
Step 3:
add your RSS feed URLs to atomstr
(you can also 'find' existing feeds people have already added to atmostr)
Step 4:
open the link to the generated RSS nostr accounts in Nostrudel and Follow
Step 5:
Clicking on Follow in Nostrudel also brings up Lists you have created to sort your RSS feeds
or select New List to make a ..new list
DONE
(these lists will also show up on other clients that support Lists eg Amethyst where it will show up on homescreen clicking on All Follows dropdown)
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@ c11cf5f8:4928464d
2024-07-14 21:20:47
I've been meditating for years and I think am out of sync with my body 😅 need to move more!
Any valid suggestion will be highly zapped ⚡️
🧡
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/608508
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-14 13:50:54
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/607040/r/Undisciplined
Happy July 14th, everyone. America narrowly averted a civil war last night and I'm pretty happy about that. I was impressed by how well Stacker News covered the biggest breaking news event of the site's existence. People were pulling together lots of sources and offering generally measured thoughts.
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July 14, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTCommon psychological biases that bitcoiners have
Excerpt
One of the primary reasons I got involved with markets is my interest in psychology. Humans are a fickle bunch, and it's fascinating to observe the human condition in such a clear, mathematical way.
3217 sats \ 11 comments \ @birdeye21 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/208075/r/Undisciplined?commentId=208936
Excerpt
I get your point, but this seems to me one of the (rare) differences where "technically possible but empirically infeasible" vs "technically impossible" matters a lot.
1128 sats \ 3 replies \ @elvismercury
From Portable experiences by @k00b in ~nostr
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @k00b (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
7947 stacked \ 10.5k spent \ 3 posts \ 12 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
37.3k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 51.8k spent \ 95 posts \ 214 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 14, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTPine – A bitcoin wallet w/ a messenger-like UI || A BTC Wallet UX for the masses
Link to https://pine.pm/
509 sats \ 15 comments \ @Spartan \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/44747/r/Undisciplined?commentId=45060
Excerpt
The user @darthcoin has way to many guides from wich you can learn a lot IMO, he is active here to most of the time, though I dont know if I've @ him correctly.
300 sats \ 4 replies \ @bangbang_u_r_done
From Any Good Routing Node Strategies? by @andyleroy in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @nerd2ninja
544 stacked \ 1765 spent \ 3 posts \ 17 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
14.6k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 31.6k spent \ 133 posts \ 261 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 14, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTHow Bitcoin And Green Energy Can Save Ethiopia’s Economy
Link to https://stacker.news/items/320/r/Undisciplined
2 sats \ 1 comment \ @0268486dc4 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/332/r/Undisciplined?commentId=333
Excerpt
From the Twitter announcement
Students will learn how to build #Bitcoin applications from the ground up using the Rust programming language. […]
18 sats \ 0 replies \ @sha256
From Fodé Diop Launches a Bitcoin Academy by @sha256 in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @sha256
4 stacked \ 5 spent \ 2 posts \ 1 comment \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
10 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 47 spent \ 9 posts \ 8 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/608036
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-14 10:52:36
The African sun is warming things up here at Kilimanjaro, but there's still a crispness in the morning air. My fleece jacket came in handy after a refreshing shower! I started my day with a perfect combo: coffee and breakfast on the rooftop, with a stunning view as my backdrop.
Speaking of tech, today was dedicated to getting my workspace set up. First on the agenda: Thunderbird, my trusty email client from my Linux days. It took a few hours to wrangle everything, especially the S/MIME encryption. Feeling a bit lost in the weeds, I decided to switch gears and embrace OpenPGP for end-to-end encryption – a simpler solution in my opinion.
Just as I finished conquering Thunderbird, Kilimanjaro itself decided to make an appearance! The clouds parted to reveal the majestic peak, and I couldn't resist capturing the moment with a couple of photos.
Today's another day with no set plans, just taking things minute by minute. Soaking up the beautiful scenery, the cool mornings, and the positive vibes. As soon as my foot heals, I'll be out exploring the town, snapping photos, and enjoying a delicious coffee at a local cafe.
Speaking of exploring, the world of NFTs has piqued my interest. I have a few on Opensea and WAX Blockchain, but I'm curious – where else are people showcasing their digital art? Let me know in the comments where you buy and sell your NFTs, or if they're just patiently waiting for a better future. I'd love to hear your NFT stories!
Life has a way of taking us on unexpected journeys. So, here's to embracing the unexpected, making the most of each situation, and maybe even finding a small online job to boost my budget. Wishing you all a wonderful day – and remember, don't stress yourself!
Online
Feel free to support me by sending some sats via the lightning network to rubenstorm@sats.mobi
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@ 700c6cbf:a92816fd
2024-07-14 00:51:44
... something else
This is the final image. Or is it? Likely, it is not. I have already started on a perfect version of my Mother Earth painting.
Of course, there is no such thing as a perfect painting. What I mean is that I already started on a vector version of Mother Earth. You're familiar with vector vs. pixel, right?
But let's start at the beginning, not the end.
This here is a pic from the sketching phase. I am not one who can just magically and with a few strokes produce an amazing sketch of something that resembles a human. There are artists out there that do this wonderfully. It's amazing but it is not me (unfortunately).
Here I am starting to color in the sketch with a watercolor brush. This is all done in Procreate App on an iPad Pro. The coloring is on a separate layer with the pencil sketch set to multiply to shine through the colors. That's why the pencil strokes now are black. I like that look.
And here, I am almost done. Just need to decide on the background color. And as you can see from the gif and video I didn't really decide. Though at the moment I am favoring that muted pinkish red - LOL
Which color is your favorite?
Here you can see the whole process in a timelapse. Above pictures were grabbed from it to detail the process a little.
https://cdn.satellite.earth/05774dcaaf4679c34cbeb46cb43b4c4f85553a3d2b4850a7256d26a871b0c4f3.mp4
And that's it my Nostr friends for my first longform post in this community.
I hope you enjoyed this post. Comments are encouraged an appreciated. Thank you.
Cheers, OceanBee
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@ 9edd72eb:cb697b0a
2024-07-13 22:16:45
If one knows exactly what to do to alleviate one's pain, comfort oneself, and emerge more or less unscathed from Adversity, I think it can be said that one has reached a fairly high level of Wisdom in Life.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/607422
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@ 6f170f27:711e26dd
2024-07-13 18:16:58
This century has known a stunning decrease in global income inequality, bringing it down to levels not seen in well over a century. That's the conclusion that Branko Milanovic, one of the world's foremost inequality researchers, comes to in an important essay for Foreign Affairs.
https://www.axios.com/2024/07/11/world-income-inequality-ubs-wealth-report
https://www.axios.com/2023/06/14/global-economic-inequality
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/607318
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-13 12:44:32
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/605773/r/Undisciplined
We have a confessional from a professional shitcoiner, today. That's fun.
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July 13, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTValidating Lightning Signer - AMA
Excerpt
VLS is a nifty piece of software that helps boost the security of the Bitcoin Lightning Network. 🛡️
11k sats \ 33 comments \ @devrandom \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/208442/r/Undisciplined?commentId=208454
Excerpt
Ever bought a computer or cell phone? Why? Why not wait until your money is worth more later compared to the price of that cell phone?
1441 sats \ 7 replies \ @02674f045a
From Opinion: Why BTC can't become the reserve currency by @0xBTC in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
5838 stacked \ 7855 spent \ 3 posts \ 19 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
27k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 40.6k spent \ 108 posts \ 281 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 13, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTAny Good Routing Node Strategies?
Excerpt
For people who have/are running nodes, are there any strategies that have been most effective for you for earning routing fees? From my very limited routing experience so far it seems there are a few main questions:
1232 sats \ 33 comments \ @andyleroy \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/44747/r/Undisciplined?commentId=44755
Excerpt
Obligatory not a node routing expert, but this guy is a good follow: https://mobile.twitter.com/cold_sats
276 sats \ 1 reply \ @Cornleone
From Any Good Routing Node Strategies? by @andyleroy in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
37.3k stacked \ 15.2k spent \ 1 post \ 29 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
27.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 34.7k spent \ 117 posts \ 279 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 13, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTI joined a shitcoin project full time couple of months ago
Excerpt
I though it would be exciting and fun. But I think I'm wasting my time.
3 sats \ 9 comments \ @03785de7ab \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/306/r/Undisciplined?commentId=316
Excerpt
There are many companies working with Bitcoin but it's not their main focus. I did implement Bitgo sevices for one e-wallet provider but that was it. What I'm looking for is a project which build useful things for user with current Bitcoin features, […]
2 sats \ 1 reply \ @03785de7ab
From I joined a shitcoin project full time couple of months ago by @03785de7ab in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKERNo top stacker
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
37 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 60 spent \ 6 posts \ 10 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/607040
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-13 12:01:35
I woke up in my dorm this morning to the sound of rain – a rarity in Africa, but a common occurrence here around Mount Kilimanjaro. The climate is much like a European summer, with comfortable temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 degrees Celsius. Unlike the rest of Africa, this region receives more rainfall, creating a lush and scenic environment.
After a quick shower, I stepped out onto the balcony to find myself greeted by a chilly rain. Not ideal weather for exploring, but it did present a different perspective of the majestic Kilimanjaro. The mountain, often shrouded in clouds, occasionally peeks through, and on a clear day, might even be bathed in sunshine. From this vantage point, it's hard to imagine the countless hikers making their way up its slopes.
Did you know that Kilimanjaro, Africa's tallest mountain and a dormant volcano, once held a unique title? Back in 1910, during the German Empire, it was considered the empire's highest peak. While Mount Everest holds the title of the world's highest mountain overall, Kilimanjaro takes the crown for the tallest freestanding mountain – any higher peak is likely part of a mountain range or group.
Gazing at Kilimanjaro, I'm struck by its history – a single, towering volcano, once a part of the German Empire. Traces of that era linger in Moshi, with some colonial-era buildings, some in disrepair, others beautifully restored. Arusha, another nearby town, boasts an impressive art gallery and a fascinating National Museum. This museum, housed in a former German fort, offers a glimpse into the past. One particularly intriguing resident is a giant tortoise, discovered by German colonists as a hatchling in Kilimanjaro National Park. This living relic has witnessed a century of change, a silent observer of a bygone era.
Today promises to be a relaxing one. I'll spend time soaking up the views from the rooftop, hoping to catch a glimpse of Kilimanjaro in all its glory. On a more practical note, I'm also on the hunt for a remote job to help with some financial constraints. Finding the right opportunity seems to be a bit more challenging than anticipated.
As I wrap up this post, the weather has taken a turn for the better. The rain has stopped, the temperature has risen, and the sun is beginning to peek through the clouds. Here's to a wonderful day for everyone – enjoy yours!
(P.S. Be sure to check out the photos – one captures Kilimanjaro from yesterday evening, the other is a picture of me with the giant tortoise from my previous trip here in December 2022).
Online
Feel free to support me by sending some sats via the lightning network to rubenstorm@sats.mobi
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@ 1f9e547c:8af216ed
2024-07-13 07:37:05
Opinion about Bitcoin Wallet Crypto Ethereum (android)
For archival purposes
Atomic Wallet suffers hack on June 2023
Sources
Atomic Wallet users have been left wanting more answers, despite the decentralized wallet provider finally releasing a full “event statement” about the June exploit — which some estimate has run up to $100 million in losses.
In a June 20 blog post — the first major update from the firm since the June 3 exploit — Atomic Wallet claimed there have been no new confirmed cases after initial reports of the hack.
Atomic Wallet Was Breached by North Korean Hackers: Elliptic
Atomic Wallet users might have fallen victim to Lazarus, the infamous North Korean hacking group, said blockchain intelligence firm Elliptic in a blog post on Tuesday.
Early Saturday morning, the team behind Atomic, a non-custodial crypto wallet, announced that some users were compromised and lost the funds from their wallets. According to the company, the number of incidents did not exceed 1% of "monthly active users." The announcement followed multiple reports on Reddit from users complaining their wallets had been drained.
WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion
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@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2024-07-13 02:14:11
Anna Britt Agnsäter ผู้อุทิศชีวิตให้โภชนาการ แต่โดนโลกบูลลีเพราะอเมริกา?
โลกรับรู้ว่า คุณ Anna Britt Agnsäter (ขอเรียกสั้นๆว่า ป้าแอน) เป็นผู้ที่นำเสนอ ปิรามิดอาหาร คนแรกของโลก และเป็นแบบจำลองที่ทาง USDA นำไปพัฒนาปรับใช้แล้วนำมาเป็น แบบที่ใช้สื่อสารกับคนทั้งโลก ในเรื่องของการกำหนด ประเภทอาหารที่ควรกิน ในช่วงปี 1992-2005 ซึ่งในบทความที่แล้วผมได้เขียนว่า ปิรามิดเวอร์ชั่นที่ป้าแอนคิด กับ ที่อเมริกาเอาไปปรับใช้เป็นคนละตัวกัน แต่โลกทั้งโลกก็บูลลีป้าเอนว่า เป็นสาเหตุของการทำลายสุขภาพคนทั้งโลก ทั้งๆที่ไม่ได้เป็นนักวิทยาศาสตร์ ผมก็เป็นคนนึงที่เคยคิดแบบนั้นครับ และเคยอุทานในใจเบาๆว่า แกเป็นใครนะทำไมถึงนำเสนออะไรแบบนี้มาทำร้ายคนทั้งโลก???
นานวันเข้า ความคิดอีกฝั่งของผมก็บอกมาว่า ประโยคข้างบนเป็นคำบ่นหรือคำถาม
นั่นสิ!!!!! ถ้ามันเป็นคำถาม มันจะทำให้เราได้รู้จักตัวตนป้าแอนและเข้าใจว่าแกได้ทำอะไรลงไปนะ มันควรเป็นคำถามมากกว่าคำบ่น นั่นเลยเป็นเหตุผลที่ทำให้ผมเริ่มขุดเรื่องป้าแอน Anna Britt Agnsäter มากที่สุดเท่าที่จะทำได้ พร้อมที่จะอ่านกันแล้วใช่ไหมครับ
Anna Britt Agnsäter เกิดเมื่อปี 1915 ที่เมือง Älmhult ประเทศสวีเดน (นอกเรื่องนิดนึง เมืองนี้คือเมืองที่ให้กำเนิด IKEA ที่เรารู้จักกันดีเรื่องเฟอร์นิเจอร์ ที่นี่มีพิพิธภัณฑ์อิเกีย ซึ่งปรับปรุงมาจากโกดังแห่งแรกของเขาด้วยครับ) เรียกได้ว่า เกิดในช่วงสงครามโลกครั้งที่1 พอดีเลยครับ
ป้าแอน จบการศึกษาที่โรงเรียนสตรี ในเมือง Ystad ก่อนจะเข้ารับการฝึกสอนเพื่อเป็นครูสอนวิทยาศาสตร์ในครัวเรือน (rural domestic science teacher) ในช่วงปี 1930 ที่โรงเรียนวิทยาศาสตร์ในครัวเรือนในชนบทชื่อว่า Rimforsa ก่อนจะได้รับวุฒิการศึกษาการสอนวิทยาศาสตร์ในครัวเรือนในชนบทในปี 1939 จาก Kvinnliga medborgarskola (civic women’s school) จนกระทั่ง ปี 1943 ถึง 1945 เธอได้เดินทางไปทั่ว Norrland (พื้นที่ภาคเหนือของสวีเดน) โดยได้รับเงินสนับสนุนจาก Kooperativa Förbund (เรียกสั้นๆว่า KF หรือ สมาคมสหกรณ์ ก่อตั้งขึ้นในปี 1899 โดยสหกรณ์ผู้บริโภคในท้องถิ่น 41 แห่ง เป็นผู้นำด้านการค้าปลีกในสวีเดนโดยพัฒนารูปแบบร้านค้าใหม่และใหญ่ขึ้น และเป็นหนึ่งในกลุ่มธุรกิจหลักในสแกนดิเนเวีย ในสมัยนี้คำว่าสหกรณ์อาจจะดูเชยๆ แต่ต้องเข้าใจครับว่ายุคนั้นคือความก้าวหน้ามากๆ และต้องมีความรู้รอบด้านทั้งวิทยาศาสตร์ เศรษฐกิจ การเมือง) เพื่อบรรยายให้คนหนุ่มสาวและแม่บ้านฟังเกี่ยวกับวิธีรับมือกับเสบียงที่มีจำกัดในช่วงสงครามที่ตึงเครียด เนื่องจากอยู่ในภาวะสงครามโลกครั้งที่2
ในปี 1946 ป้าแอนได้รับการแต่งตั้งเป็นหัวหน้าของSwedish Cooperative Union หรือ Kooperativa Förbundets (KF) Provkök (experimental kitchen หรือ ภาษาสมัยนี้น่าจะใกล้เคียงกับ kitchen lab นั่นเอง) ซึ่งเป็นองค์กรที่มีอิทธิพลทางด้านอาหารเป็นอย่างมากในสวีเดน มีบทบาทสำคัญในเศรษฐกิจและสังคมสวีเดน โดยสร้างโอกาสให้แก่สมาชิกและส่งเสริมการพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืนในชุมชนต่าง ๆ ทั่วประเทศ
ป้าแอนทำงานที่นี่นานจนถึงช่วงปี 1980 ขนาดของ KF ก็ใหญ่โตขึ้นมากมาย จนขยายอำนาจและขอบเขตการทำงานไปถึงการเป็นคณะกรรมการทดสอบรสชาติซึ่งทดสอบอาหารกึ่งสำเร็จรูปและอาหารสำเร็จรูปใหม่ด้วย ในจุดนี้ ป้าแอน เล็งเห็นความสำคัญและความรับผิดชอบของผู้ผลิต/ผู้ค้าอาหาร ควรจะขยายความรับผิดชอบครอบคลุมไปจนถึงโต๊ะอาหาร (ในที่นี่น่าจะหมายถึงลูกค้า) นั่นคือเหตุผลที่การติดฉลากอาหารจึงมีความสำคัญมาก ป้าแอนได้มุ่งเน้นให้ความรู้กับผู้บริโภคว่า ‘Weigh up the price against the quality’ หรือ ให้ชั่งน้ำหนักพิจารณาให้ดี ระหว่างราคากับคุณภาพ ตลอดระยะเวลาการทำงาน Anna-Britt Agnsäter ได้รณรงค์เพื่อให้มีการแสดงข้อมูล ให้ผู้บริโภครับทราบ เพื่อคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดีขึ้นและได้ให้คำแนะนำด้านโภชนาการ เพื่อให้เข้าใจได้ง่ายขึ้น ในรูปแบบฉลากโภชนาการ
ในปี 1946 เช่นกันป้าแอนได้มีแผนในการทำ มีแผนที่จะผลิตหนังสือสอนทำอาหารสำหรับสถานการณ์ฉุกเฉิน เพราะบทเรียนในภาวะสงครามโลก ที่ป้าแอนผ่านมาตลอด แต่ไม่สามารถพิมพ์ออกมาได้เนื่องจากกระดาษขาดแคลนเนื่องจากอยู่ในภาวะหลังสงคราม
ในปี 1948-1949 ป้าแอนเดินทางไปอเมริกา เพื่อศึกษาเทคนิคการทำอาหารใหม่ๆ การผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารแช่แข็ง รวมถึงอาหารผงแห้งต่างๆ (dry powder) รวมไปถึงวิทยาศาสตร์การอาหาร (food science) ที่มหาวิทยาลัย Iowa State University การเดินทางมาอเมริกาครั้งนี้เปลี่ยนโลกของป้าแอนเป็นอย่างมาก ในตอนที่ป้าทำงานกับ KF เธอมักจะร่วมงานกับ Hemmens Forskningsinstitut (สถาบันวิจัยในประเทศ) เพื่อจัดหาเครื่องมือในครัวที่ยกระดับมาตรฐานการทำอาหารที่ดียิ่งขึ้น รวมถึงอุปกรณ์การครัว ภาชนะต่างๆที่เข้าเตาอบได้ และจากประสบการณ์ที่อเมริกานี้
ป้าแอนได้จับมือกับ โรงงานเครื่องเคลือบและพลาสติก Gustavsberg และ HFI Anna-Britt Agnsäter พัฒนาช้อนตวง ชุด4ชิ้น ที่วางซ้อนกันได้ ซึ่งเป็นการปฎิวัติวงการอาหารครั้งสำคัญของสวีเดน เรียกว่า “ชุดช้อนตวงมาตรฐาน” ซึ่งจะมีการระบุขนาดที่ชัดเจน 4 ชิ้น ประกอบไปด้วย
ซึ่งทำให้ผู้ใช้สามารถวัดปริมาณวัตถุดิบได้อย่างถูกต้องตามที่สูตรอาหารกำหนด กลายเป็นเครื่องมือที่จำเป็นในครัวเรือนและการประกอบอาหารในเชิงพาณิชย์
แม้การพัฒนา “ชุดช้อนตวงมาตรฐาน” นี้จะเริ่มต้นในสวีเดน แต่นวัตกรรมนี้มีผลกระทบที่กว้างขวางและแพร่หลายไปยังครัวเรือนและอุตสาหกรรมอาหารทั่วโลกจนถึงปัจจุบัน
ในชุดช้อนตวงมาตรฐาน original 4 คุณอาจสังเกตคำนึงที่ไม่ค่อยคุ้นสักเท่าไรคือหน่วย kryddmått
นอกจากชุดช้อนตวงมาตรฐานแล้ว ป้าแอนยังคิดค้นสิ่งต่างๆอีกมากมาย ให้กับวงการอาหารสวีเดน รวมถึงหน่วยวัดใหม่ที่เรียกว่า kryddmått นี้ด้วยครับ ซึ่งมันเป็นหน่วยวัดขนาดเล็กที่ใช้ในการตวงเครื่องเทศและวัตถุดิบปริมาณน้อย โดยหน่วยวัดนี้มีขนาด 1 มิลลิลิตร (ml)ซึ่งถูกกำหนดมาเป็นหน่วยที่เล็กที่สุดซึ่งทำให้มีการจดบันทึกสูตรได้แม่นยำยิ่งขึ้น นั่นเพราะว่า การตวงเครื่องเทศ หรือ เกลือ นั้นหากรสชาติที่เข้มข้น หรือมีการใช้มากเกินไปหรือไม่พออาจทำให้รสชาติของอาหารเปลี่ยนไป การใช้ kryddmått ช่วยให้การวัดปริมาณเครื่องเทศที่ใช้ในสูตรอาหารเป็นไปอย่างแม่นยำและสม่ำเสมอ
ถือว่าเป็นอีกผลงานคุโณปการที่ป้าแอน ฝากไว้ให้กับโลกนี้ มันมีส่วนสำคัญในการทำให้งานครัวเรือนง่ายขึ้นและมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้นผ่านการพัฒนาหน่วยวัดที่แม่นยำและสะดวกในการใช้งาน นวัตกรรมนี้ช่วยให้การทำอาหารเป็นไปอย่างราบรื่นและมีคุณภาพสูงยิ่งขึ้น
ในปี 1951 ป้าแอนได้บูรณะหนังสือการทำอาหารประจำสวีเดนใหม่ทั้งหมด (Vår kokbok) จุดประสงค์ของตำราอาหาร Vår คือการนำเสนอตำราอาหารราคาต้นทุนวัตถุดิบไม่แพง ที่ให้ความรู้เรื่องสารอาหารและใช้งานง่าย นอกจากนี้ยังเป็นการวางวัตถุดิบให้ได้รับสารอาหารที่เพียงพออีกด้วย เพราะในยุคนั้นสวีเดนมีข้อจำกัดในเรื่องอาหารเป็นอย่างมาก
เนื้อหาสูตรอาหารที่ใช้ในหนังสือเล่มนี้กลายเป็นบรรทัดฐานในช่วงทศวรรษ 1950 โดยมีการใช้หน่วยชั่งตวงแบบใหม่ ตามชุดช้อนตวงมาตรฐาน (ปริมาตร) จากของเดิมที่ใช้การชั่งน้ำหนัก ใช้ศัพท์ในการทำอาหารแบบเป็นสากล เช่น ขูด ปอกเปลือก ล้าง เป็นต้น (grate, peel, rinse) จัดอาร์ทเวิคให้แต่ละสูตร สามารถจบได้ในหน้าเดียวไม่ต้องพลิกอ่านหน้าต่อๆไป ทำให้สะดวกในการเปิดแล้วทำตาม การไล่ลำดับอาหาร เปลี่ยนจากการไล่ประเภทอาหาร ไปเป็นไล่ลำดับตามวัตถุดิบหลักของอาหาร ทำให้คนอ่านสามารถบริหารจัดการเมนูได้ง่าย เช่น ไก่ ก็สามารถไล่เรียงได้เลยว่า วันนี้มีไก่ จะทำอะไรกินดี
นอกจากนี้ยังรับประกันว่าทุกสูตรสามารถทำได้จริง เพราะป้าแอนลงมือทดสอบสูตรด้วยตัวเองทุกสูตร นอกจากนี้ยังคงมีการแนะนำให้ใช้การวัดอุณหภูมิในการทำอาหารด้วยเพื่อความเป๊ะในรสชาติ เนื่องจากป้าแอนเห็นตอนไปดูงานที่อเมริกา จนถึงทุกวันนี้ Vår kokbok เป็นหนึ่งในตำราอาหารที่ขายมากที่สุดในโลกด้วยยอดขายมากกว่า 2.3 ล้านเล่มนับตั้งแต่เริ่มต้น โดยเฉลี่ยมากกว่า 40,000 เล่มต่อปี
ด้วยความที่ Kooperativa Förbundets เป็นองค์กรที่มีอิทธิพลสูงมากในวงการอาหารสวีเดน และคุณป้าแอน ก็มีตำแหน่งที่สูงมาก จึงสามารถเป็นผู้มีส่วนสนับสนุนรูปแบบซูเปอร์มาร์เก็ตสมัยใหม่ ในการใส่รายการส่วนผสมและคำแนะนำในการปรุงอาหารในรูปแบบฉลากของผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารสมัยใหม่
จนกระทั่งในช่วงปี 1970 ประเทศสวีเดนต้องเผชิญกับปัญหาราคาอาหารที่สูงเนื่องจากเงินเฟ้อ รวมถึงสภาพอากาศของสวีเดนนั้น ไม่เอื้อต่อการได้รับสารอาหารที่หลากหลายได้ ครอบครัวที่มีเด็ก ไม่สามารถปรุงอาหารและรับประทานอาหารที่มีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการในราคาที่เหมาะสมได้ รัฐบาลจึงมอบหมายให้ Sweden’s National Board of Health and Welfare (คณะกรรมการสุขภาพและสวัสดิการแห่งชาติของสวีเดน) หาวิธีแก้ไขสถานการณ์ดังกล่าว และคัดกรองแบ่งประเภทอาหารออกเป็น “basic food” และ “supplement” มาเป็นรูปแบบของ กราฟวงกลม (diet circle) แต่ป้าแอนพบปัญหาบางอย่าง ที่ทำให้กราฟวงกลมนี้ใช้งานยาก เพราะการแบ่งปริมาณของอาหารแต่ละประเภทไม่ชัดเจน
ในระหว่างบรรยายเรื่องการกำหนดอาหารพื้นฐาน คุณ Fjalar Clemes หนึ่งในผู้เข้าร่วมการบรรยาย ได้ให้ไอเดียด้วยการสร้างแบบจำลองที่เรียกว่า ปิรามิดอาหาร (Food Pyramid) ขึ้นมา เพื่อให้เห็นภาพสัดส่วนอาหารที่ชัดเจนขึ้น ป้าแอนเลยนำข้อมูลจากกราฟวงกลมนั้น มาสร้างโมเดลจำลองให้อยู่ในรูปแบบปิรามิด โดยให้ “basic food” เช่น ขนมปัง มันฝรั่ง พาสต้า และนม และ “supplements” เช่น ผลไม้ ผัก เนื้อสัตว์ และปลา อยู่ในรูปแบบที่เข้าใจได้ง่ายขึ้น แม้แต่คนที่อ่านหนังสือไม่ออก
แต่นี่แหละที่เป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของปัญหา ด้วยความที่มันใช้งานง่ายสะดวก อเมริกาจึงนำไปปรับปรุงเป็นเวอร์ชั่นตัวเอง แต่ก็มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปอย่างมาก ตามที่ได้มีการทำบทความไปแล้ว (อ่านที่นี่)
ทั้งๆที่ปิรามิดต้นแบบของป้าแอนนั้น สร้างขึ้นมาเพื่อชาวสวีเดนเนื่องจากนำข้อมูลพื้นฐานจากข้อจำกัดในประเทศในขณะนั้น ไม่ว่าจะเรื่องของวัตถุดิบที่หาได้ในภาวะยากแค้นแบบนั้น อุณหภูมิอันปรวนแปร รวมถึงสภาพเศรษฐกิจที่ย่ำแย่มาก การจัดแจงข้อจำกัดที่มีเพื่อให้ได้สารอาหารที่เพียงพอที่สุดเท่าที่จะทำได้ต่างหาก (eat healthier, more affordable and save on fat) ที่เป็นที่มาของ “ปิรามิดอาหารของสวีเดน” (คือ จะให้เอาอุดมคติมาสร้างปิรามิดอาหาร คงไม่มีประโยชน์ เพราะยังไงก็ไม่มีเงินซื้อและหาวัตถุดิบไมไ่ด้ตามอุดมคติ วัตถุประสงค์ในการสร้างและเผยแพร่ครั้งนี้มันเพื่อให้ประชาชนทั้งประเทศที่มีความรู้ด้านอาหารน้อย รู้และทำตามได้จริง สมกับพื้นที่และกำลังทรัพย์ // ความเห็นส่วนตัวผมครับ)
ปิรามิดอาหารที่แท้จริงแล้ว จะมีการปรับปรุงตลอดเวลา ตามปัจจัยที่เปลี่ยนไป ไม่ใช่ปิรามิดที่เอาไว้ยึดถือตลอดไป แต่การที่อเมริกานำไปยึดถือว่าเป็น all time information เป็นค่าคงที่ให้ทั้งโลกยึดตาม รวมถึงสร้างด้วยเบื้องหลังด้านธุรกิจ จึงต่างกับที่ป้าแอนทำในทุกมิติ แต่ไฉน เป้าการบูลลี จึงต้องไปตกที่ป้าแอน ว่าเป็นต้นตอความพังของสุขภาพ มันแฟร์แล้วหรือ
เรื่องนี้มีข้อพิสูจน์ได้จนถึงปัจจุบันเช่น ในปี 2022 ก็มีการนำเสนอ ปิรามิดอาหารสำหรับ Mixed diet, flexitarian, vegetarian และ vegan ออกมาสืบทอดเจตนารมณ์ป้าแอน นอกจากนี้ในช่วงที่ป้าแอนมีชีวิต ก็ยังคงมีการช่วยเหลือแนะนำให้ประเทศต่างๆ “มีปิรามิดอาหารของตัวเอง” นั่นคือ วิชั่นที่กว้างไกลของป้าแอน ที่เห็นได้ชัดเจนว่า อาหารพื้นถิ่นกับสารอาหารที่สมดุล ของแต่ละประเทศมีความไม่เหมือนกัน และแนวคิดนี้ได้มีทั้ง เดนมาร์ก, นอร์เวย์, ฟินแลนด์, ญี่ปุ่น, ศรีลังกา ได้นำไปพัฒนาใช้เช่นกัน
นอกจากนี้ ป้าแอนและองค์กร Kooperativa Förbundets ยังให้ข้อมูลการศึกษาที่สำคัญสำหรับประชาชนผ่านบทความเกี่ยวกับอาหารที่ตีพิมพ์ใน นิตยสาร Vi รวมถึงการจัดตั้งกลุ่มการศึกษาร่วมกับทาง สมาคมการศึกษาของชนชั้นแรงงาน หรือ Arbetarnas bildningsförbund (ABF) มีส่วนสนับสนุนในการอภิปรายแบบเปิดทางสังคมเกี่ยวกับปัญหาโรคอ้วนอีกด้วย รวมถึงยังออกหนังสือเกี่ยวกับการทำอาหารอีกร่วมๆ 30เล่ม ซึ่งรวมถึงบทเกี่ยวกับมื้ออาหารที่มีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการที่สมดุล ด้วยเช่นกัน
ในปี 1983 ป้าแอนได้ตีพิมพ์หนังสือ Matboken ซึ่งได้รับการพิสูจน์แล้วว่าเป็นประโยชน์อย่างมาก โดยเฉพาะกับคนหนุ่มสาวเกี่ยวกับวิธีการกินอาหารที่มีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการและมีวิธีทำที่เรียบง่ายที่สุด
ในช่วงทศวรรษ 1990 เมื่อป้าแอนเป็นม่าย จึงได้ย้ายเข้าไปอยู่ในบ้านพักคนชรา Färdknäppen ใน Södermalm ในสตอกโฮล์ม และ ได้แก้ไขสูตรอาหาร 250 สูตรจาก Vår kokbok เพื่อให้เหมาะสมกับสภาพแวดล้อมการปรุงอาหารส่วนกลางของบ้านพักคนชรา เพื่อให้ได้อาหารที่มีสารอาหารครบถ้วนตามที่ควรเป็น
เกียรติประวัติป้าแอนได้รับการตอบแทนดังนี้ ในปี 1979 ได้รับรางวัลเหรียญ St Erik เพื่อเป็นการยกย่องสิ่งที่เธอทุ่มเทแรงกายแรงใจทำมาตลอดชีวิต ในปี 1993 ได้รับเหรียญ HM Konungens ลำดับที่ 8 (HM The King’s Medal หรือ H.M. Konungens medalj ในภาษาสวีเดน) เป็นหนึ่งในรางวัลเกียรติยศที่สำคัญที่สุดที่มอบโดยพระมหากษัตริย์สวีเดนเพื่อยกย่องบุคคลที่มีผลงานดีเด่นหรือมีความโดดเด่นในด้านต่าง ๆ เช่น วิทยาศาสตร์ ศิลปะ วัฒนธรรม และการบริการสาธารณะ ในปี 1995 ได้รับเหรียญทอง Albin Johansson สำหรับผลงานอันทรงคุณค่าของเธอต่อสหกรณ์สวีเดน ในปี 1998 ได้รับรางวัล Gastronomiska Akademiens Guldpenna (ปากกาทองของสถาบันอาหาร) สำหรับบทความเกี่ยวกับส่วนผสมและการทำอาหารของเธอ
Anna-Britt Agnsäter เสียชีวิตในปี 2006 (อายุ 90ปี) ป้าแอนทำงานทั้งชีวิตเพื่อสอนชาวสวีเดนในการจัดการอาหารให้ดีขึ้น ทุกการทดลอง ทดสอบ ได้มีการบันทึกไว้อย่างชัดเจนสามารถพัฒนาต่อไปได้ การริเริ่มให้ข้อมูลที่ซื่อสัตย์ต่อผู้บริโภค ทั้งการติดฉลากอุปกรณ์ คำแนะนำในการทำอาหาร สูตรอาหาร บทความ และตำราอาหาร สิ่งเหล่านี้กลายเป็นพื้นฐานสำคัญในอุตสาหกรรมอาหารจนปัจจุบัน
แต่ทุกวันนี้วงการสุขภาพส่วนมากยังคงล้อเลียนเธอว่าเป็นครูธรรมดา ที่มีหน้ามาสร้างปิรามิดอาหาร จึงทำให้คนทั่งโลกป่วย ทั้งที่ความจริงทั้งหมดนั้น ความรู้ของป้าแอนไม่ได้น้อยไปกว่า ผู้เชี่ยวชาญทางวิทยาศาสตร์การอาหาร ซึ่งในสมัยนั้นนับว่าเป็นอีกแขนงที่อยู่ในระดับบนของการศึกษา ไม่ต่างกับวิทยาศาสตร์อื่นๆ ปิรามิดควรเป็นไปตามถิ่นที่อยู่ สภาพเวลาและสภาพเศรษฐกิจขณะนั้น ไม่ใช่การสร้างมาตรฐานให้ต้องทำเหมือนกันทั่วโลก โดยมาจากอิทธิพลของกลุ่มธุรกิจดังที่ usda ได้ทำการแก้ไขก่อนจะประกาศให้คนทั่วไปยึดถือ รายละเอียดเป็นไปตามที่สืบค้นข้อมูลประวัติของป้าแอน มาเล่าสู่กันฟัง ณ วันนี้ครับ
ผมก็เป็นหนึ่งในนั้น สิ่งที่ผมสามารถทำได้เพื่อเป็นการขอโทษคุณ Anna-Britt Agnsäter ที่ดีที่สุดที่ทำได้ตอนนี้คือ เผยแพร่ประวัติอันทรงคุณค่าของเธอ ให้คนอื่นๆได้รับทราบมากที่สุด เท่าที่จะทำได้
โปรดแชร์ เพื่อคืนความเป็นธรรมให้ Anna-Britt Agnsäter ให้โลกได้เข้าใจและรับรู้ถึงการอุทิศชีวิตให้วงการอาหารของคุณป้าครับ
ปล.มีการค้นพบไฟล์เสียง ที่ป้าแอน จัดรายการวิทยุในปี 1968 ให้ลองฟังกันครับ (น่าจะภาษาสวีเดนนะ 5555) ฟังได้ที่นี่ครับ https://rumble.com/v56p1wa-ann-britt-agnster-in-a-radio-find-from-1968.html
siamstr #pirateketo
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@ b6dcdddf:dfee5ee7
2024-07-12 20:15:22
🚀 Exciting News: Introducing Project Affiliates!
Creators can finally reach a wider audience by partnering with affiliates!
Affiliates earn automated payouts for contributions enabled through their shares. 🤑
Announcement link: https://x.com/geyserfund/status/1811434402041282680
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/606500
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@ 7175188c:6382a72c
2024-07-12 20:02:24
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/606482
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@ ab8cb80e:5395d502
2024-07-12 14:21:14
Hey, I have nothing to do this Friday evening, so why not chill with chess?
Spontaneously I launched an Arena Tournament for today: https://lichess.org/tournament/2iNa8jh4
@ek @kristapsk @BitcoinAbhi @grayruby @frostdragon @Taft @02d43d3798 @030e0dca83 @riberet19 @felipe @didiplaywell @SatsMate @itsTomekK @wize123 @Coinsreporter @stefano @anon @314piepi @160ed04091 do you want to play?
! TODAY ! ♟️ https://lichess.org/tournament/2iNa8jh4 ♟️ 90 min arena, with 5 minute games.
Join on @Alby's new Discord: https://discord.gg/3vbafUCZ?event=1261325278358016091 for voicechat I plan to stream it to zap.stream, because why not.
Who takes my challenge?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/605942
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@ 0dc2dcb1:4787801a
2024-07-12 13:44:28
- Prepared a Dutch webinar with an short introduction to Nostr - https://welkom.keuzevrijbijmij.nl/evenement/wwebinar-vergroot-je-privacy-op-social-media-10-juli/
- Received a nice t-shirt with the Nostr-PHP logo from Bitpopart who designed the logo
- Did an introduction talk in Dutch on a webinar with 350+ people subscribed on July 10th. 100+ watched the webinar live.
- Here is the full replay:
At around 38min the Nostr stuff begins
- Here is the full replay:
- Adding pages and wrote some documentation on nostr-php.dev
- Added a custom field
field_nsecto the user entity on nostrver.se (Drupal website) using the contrib module field_encrypt. The value of this field is stored encrypted in the database using a self created private key. This key is stored as a blob the server, but multiple ways of storing this are possible. In the Drupal CMS I now can save a Nostr private key for each user which will be fetch from nostr_content_nip23. All changes made in this Drupal contrib module for this: https://git.drupalcode.org/project/nostr_content_nip23/-/commit/cbc172b976aceaff107fea0296a8a476e098467e -
With a
nsecstored for each user, it’s possible to select a user when you’re broadcasting an Nostr event from Drupal. The event will be signed with the nsec of the selected user. Quick demo here: https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqpnrnguxe8qszsshvgkvhn6qjzxy7xsvx03rlrtddr62haj4lrm3qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3camnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwdjkyctnw35hstnnda3kjctv9uqzqj75dy5eps3lgwum7f9p2l8sywy7wuxjr08pyhzyzv9mklylaydgdyll3z
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@ 1739d937:3e3136ef
2024-07-12 10:11:42
This is the third in a series of weekly updates detailing progress on bringing MLS protocol DMs and group messaging to Nostr.
Previous Updates
Progress this week
Short update post this week but I made solid progress updating several OpenMLS dependencies and building a new library that implements all the OpenMLS crypto requirements for Nostr.
HPKE-RS
I mentioned a PR last week on the
rust-hpkelibrary, that PR is still waiting on review. However, in the meantime, the OpenMLS library depends on a slightly different hpke library, thehpke-rslibrary.This library didn't support the secp256k1 curve either so I've opened a PR to add support for secp256k1. That PR uses the
RustCryptolibrary that is the default in the thehpke-rslibrary. However, because this library is built to allow for swapping out the underlying crypto library (using traits), I was also able to create a new library that uses thesecp256k1library instead of theRustCryptolibrary. This is the main crypto library that almost all Bitcoin and Nostr apps use so it's important we use that instead ofRustCrypto.OpenMLS Nostr Crypto
The library that I've created (openmls-nostr-crypto) does a few things via separate sub-libraries (crates). The entire library tries to do as little as possible; only implementing the one required ciphersuite for all MLS implementations and the
secp256k1schnorr signatures ciphersuite I've created for Nostr. It's also using the rightsecp256k1library to do it.openmls-nostr-crypto: implementes the crypto traits that the OpenMLS library expects to find for a given provider and removes all the ciphersuites that we don't care about supporting.
hpke-rs-nostr-crypto: This implements the crypto traits that the hpke-rs library expects to find. Again removing all the ciphersuites we don't care about supporting.
I've not yet written any tests for these libraries (which needs to be done) but I've gotten some very simple demos working with OpenMLS using this new set of libraries to handle the crypto.
I've been really impressed with the simplicity of the OpenMLS interface as well. While there is A LOT going on under the hood, the public interface that client developers have to use is clean and simple.
Onward and Upward
Next week I'll continue working on these libraries; adding tests and continuing to build out my small demo app. I've been in touch with the maintainers of the OpenMLS library and I'm hoping to get a review done with them on my PRs and on my new library.
One thing I'll call out here: The review of my library and getting them to review the direction of the project overall will be paid consulting so I'm making sure that I've got as much done as possible before scheduling that time and paying their rates. I'm a strong believer that the right conversation can save you months of wasted time, but I'm also a believer in making sure you're prepared if you're going to drop money on that conversation. 😅
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@ 38d0888d:bd8e1246
2024-07-12 07:10:35
A thriving society rests on the principles of modesty and humility, avoiding idleness and self-indulgence. Individuals are needed to forsake the constant pursuit of attention and instead aspire to selflessness, dedicating themselves to serving humanity. Humility fosters spiritual harmony and protects against materialism and selfish desires.
Beyond personal conduct, humanity must champion altruism and solidarity within the global community. Belief in collective endeavors will pave the way for global harmony. Embracing values like kindness, compassion, and genuine concern for others promotes positivity and reflects the influence of a higher power. The aim is to cultivate a unified multicultural community where each person contributes to manifesting this higher presence.
The collective goal is to direct humanity to nurture a community that experiences spiritual growth while upholding humility as a guiding principle, resisting materialism's allure. By creating such an environment, the hope is to resonate with a sacred harmony that extends beyond immediate boundaries. Through intentional actions and meaningful relationships, a collective space embodying these values can be established, ensuring the higher power's presence guides individual lives and interactions with the world.
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@ ee11a5df:b76c4e49
2024-07-11 23:57:53
What Can We Get by Breaking NOSTR?
"What if we just started over? What if we took everything we have learned while building nostr and did it all again, but did it right this time?"
That is a question I've heard quite a number of times, and it is a question I have pondered quite a lot myself.
My conclusion (so far) is that I believe that we can fix all the important things without starting over. There are different levels of breakage, starting over is the most extreme of them. In this post I will describe these levels of breakage and what each one could buy us.
Cryptography
Your key-pair is the most fundamental part of nostr. That is your portable identity.
If the cryptography changed from secp256k1 to ed25519, all current nostr identities would not be usable.
This would be a complete start over.
Every other break listed in this post could be done as well to no additional detriment (save for reuse of some existing code) because we would be starting over.
Why would anyone suggest making such a break? What does this buy us?
- Curve25519 is a safe curve meaning a bunch of specific cryptography things that us mortals do not understand but we are assured that it is somehow better.
- Ed25519 is more modern, said to be faster, and has more widespread code/library support than secp256k1.
- Nostr keys could be used as TLS server certificates. TLS 1.3 using RFC 7250 Raw Public Keys allows raw public keys as certificates. No DNS or certification authorities required, removing several points of failure. These ed25519 keys could be used in TLS, whereas secp256k1 keys cannot as no TLS algorithm utilizes them AFAIK. Since relays currently don't have assigned nostr identities but are instead referenced by a websocket URL, this doesn't buy us much, but it is interesting. This idea is explored further below (keep reading) under a lesser level of breakage.
Besides breaking everything, another downside is that people would not be able to manage nostr keys with bitcoin hardware.
I am fairly strongly against breaking things this far. I don't think it is worth it.
Signature Scheme and Event Structure
Event structure is the next most fundamental part of nostr. Although events can be represented in many ways (clients and relays usually parse the JSON into data structures and/or database columns), the nature of the content of an event is well defined as seven particular fields. If we changed those, that would be a hard fork.
This break is quite severe. All current nostr events wouldn't work in this hard fork. We would be preserving identities, but all content would be starting over.
It would be difficult to bridge between this fork and current nostr because the bridge couldn't create the different signature required (not having anybody's private key) and current nostr wouldn't be generating the new kind of signature. Therefore any bridge would have to do identity mapping just like bridges to entirely different protocols do (e.g. mostr to mastodon).
What could we gain by breaking things this far?
- We could have a faster event hash and id verification: the current signature scheme of nostr requires lining up 5 JSON fields into a JSON array and using that as hash input. There is a performance cost to copying this data in order to hash it.
- We could introduce a subkey field, and sign events via that subkey, while preserving the pubkey as the author everybody knows and searches by. Note however that we can already get a remarkably similar thing using something like NIP-26 where the actual author is in a tag, and the pubkey field is the signing subkey.
- We could refactor the kind integer into composable bitflags (that could apply to any application) and an application kind (that specifies the application).
- Surely there are other things I haven't thought of.
I am currently against this kind of break. I don't think the benefits even come close to outweighing the cost. But if I learned about other things that we could "fix" by restructuring the events, I could possibly change my mind.
Replacing Relay URLs
Nostr is defined by relays that are addressed by websocket URLs. If that changed, that would be a significant break. Many (maybe even most) current event kinds would need superseding.
The most reasonable change is to define relays with nostr identities, specifying their pubkey instead of their URL.
What could we gain by this?
- We could ditch reliance on DNS. Relays could publish events under their nostr identity that advertise their current IP address(es).
- We could ditch certificates because relays could generate ed25519 keypairs for themselves (or indeed just self-signed certificates which might be much more broadly supported) and publish their public ed25519 key in the same replaceable event where they advertise their current IP address(es).
This is a gigantic break. Almost all event kinds need redefining and pretty much all nostr software will need fairly major upgrades. But it also gives us a kind of Internet liberty that many of us have dreamt of our entire lives.
I am ambivalent about this idea.
Protocol Messaging and Transport
The protocol messages of nostr are the next level of breakage. We could preserve keypair identities, all current events, and current relay URL references, but just break the protocol of how clients and relay communicate this data.
This would not necessarily break relay and client implementations at all, so long as the new protocol were opt-in.
What could we get?
- The new protocol could transmit events in binary form for increased performance (no more JSON parsing with it's typical many small memory allocations and string escaping nightmares). I think event throughput could double (wild guess).
- It could have clear expectations of who talks first, and when and how AUTH happens, avoiding a lot of current miscommunication between clients and relays.
- We could introduce bitflags for feature support so that new features could be added later and clients would not bother trying them (and getting an error or timing out) on relays that didn't signal support. This could replace much of NIP-11.
- We could then introduce something like negentropy or negative filters (but not that... probably something else solving that same problem) without it being a breaking change.
- The new protocol could just be a few websocket-binary messages enhancing the current protocol, continuing to leverage the existing websocket-text messages we currently have, meaning newer relays would still support all the older stuff.
The downsides are just that if you want this new stuff you have to build it. It makes the protocol less simple, having now multiple protocols, multiple ways of doing the same thing.
Nonetheless, this I am in favor of. I think the trade-offs are worth it. I will be pushing a draft PR for this soon.
The path forward
I propose then the following path forward:
- A new nostr protocol over websockets binary (draft PR to be shared soon)
- Subkeys brought into nostr via NIP-26 (but let's use a single letter tag instead, OK?) via a big push to get all the clients to support it (the transition will be painful - most major clients will need to support this before anybody can start using it).
- Some kind of solution to the negative-filter-negentropy need added to the new protocol as its first optional feature.
- We seriously consider replacing Relay URLs with nostr pubkeys assigned to the relay, and then have relays publish their IP address and TLS key or certificate.
We sacrifice these:
- Faster event hash/verification
- Composable event bitflags
- Safer faster more well-supported crypto curve
- Nostr keys themselves as TLS 1.3 RawPublicKey certificates
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@ 0dc2dcb1:4787801a
2024-07-11 15:16:25
- Added ids and
setIds()to the Filter class to fetch events with ids - https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/compare/1.3.1...1.3.2 - Discovered https://revolt.run/ as a package to be used for concurrent async code in PHP. Source: TalkingDrupal podcast with KingDutch - https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal/issues/3257726
- Fix response in Relay class - https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/releases/tag/1.3.3. Found and reported on Nostr: https://njump.me/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzphtxf40yq9jr82xdd8cqtts5szqyx5tcndvaukhsvfmduetr85ceqy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3zamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0qqsq3utlvgf6tz88ctexwu8ppgct9dkahmv5esxhmmgphv675get22qmzah0a
- Created a seperate repository with the code for the nostr-php.dev website: https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php.dev
- Added ids and
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-11 15:04:06
Hey everyone,
Today wasn't super eventful, but there were a couple things I wanted to share. First off, I had to pay rent, which meant a trip to the bank with my still-not-great foot. On the bright side, I took some pictures of Moshi along the way - hopefully you'll enjoy a glimpse of the city!
Speaking of my foot, there's been some improvement! The pain isn't constant anymore, only when I'm walking around. It looks better too, so hopefully it'll be back to normal soon.
Now, onto the slightly more frustrating topic: the Kenyan border situation. As you might recall, I had a big issue where border control wouldn't let me leave the country and even refused to contact my embassy. Basically, they held me hostage (which, by the way, is a violation of international law).
Two days later, I managed to get out through a different border. Recently, the Kenyan police has started investigating. They contacted me on WhatsApp a few days ago, and things are getting stranger by the day.
There's a big part of this that just doesn't add up. They keep asking for a photo of the exit stamp, but the officer who wouldn't let me leave never gave me one. He actually denied my exit and put me on a bus back to the city! I explained this and told them another border provided the stamp later, but they insist they need the original stamp to find this as "proof" related to this officer. It just doesn't connect to the man who caused the problem in the first place.
Even more concerning, they want me to return to Kenya. First, they want me to sign a document, but when I expressed hesitation about returning, they switched to asking me to identify this officer in a lineup. And all of this communication is happening on a personal WhatsApp number, which makes the whole situation incredibly suspicious.
Overall, it's a confusing situation.
On a brighter note, my foot is definitely on the mend. Here's to hoping it keeps getting better!
That's all for today. I'll just be relaxing and grabbing some dinner later.
Stay tuned for more updates!
Online
Feel free to support me by sending some sats via the lightning network to rubenstorm@sats.mobi
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@ 796a6d9b:3bb533e3
2024-07-11 12:57:35
For more than a while now, I think you have experienced the feeling that things are not right in the world or in your country, it is not surprising that it coincides with a moment in history where we will experience the end of a monetary cycle like It is FIAT money or in other words fiat money that is backed by debt, every day you look around you and people do not find much hope in the future, many of them are working to support themselves, pay the costs of living and In the best of cases, just saving a little inflationary money, a slower theft in the population, in the worst of cases, people are full of debt and without a plan on how to escape said trap.
Everything is connected, we just have to look for the signs that are leaving us with the naked eye, as for example we have never had in history countries so indebted based on their GDP or gross domestic product and that this same debt was financed with a deficit, For people who have studied or lived the situations of hyperinflationary countries like Venezuela, Argentina, Turkey, Lebanon, you will know what I am talking about, it is simpler than it sounds, no country can spend more than it produces without any consequences, someone has to pay the price, in this case the population through the dark hand of inflation.
We have reached the point where governments blatantly lie to us with inflation data that does not include food, rent and energy prices, to save appearances and maintain the psychological operation that everything is fine, but when you go to the supermarket you know that something was never there. Well, it is not surprising that even you, the person reading this, know that inevitably your Dollars, Euros or Pesos will not buy you the same thing in a year as what they buy you today.
So where are we headed? It is normal then that people are not very enthusiastic about the future, since when we look into the depths of our system we realize that people's savings and purchasing power will increasingly be devalued so that everything continues to function as it has until now. Today, it is noticeable that something in people's subconscious warns them that tomorrow will be worse and that is why they have to enjoy the now, reducing their time preference to sporadic moments without thinking about the long term, even if they do not understand complex mechanisms. economics, it is observed that people are increasingly working more for less remuneration since the numbers of a salary can increase nominally but they buy fewer and fewer goods and services, as we can see in this graph.
What we have left in the coming years is the acceleration of government mechanisms to be able to continue keeping the wealth extraction system functioning, trying to extend the psychological operation to a point of no return, it is clear that a form of money has been confiscated from us. . that allowed us savings like gold did, I think it is important that we begin to question certain things and choose not to continue participating in a system that is arranged to destroy the energy of our work.
What can we do? Alternatives such as Bitcoin and gold to protect the energy of our work are some of the best options that we can implement as a refuge from the disaster to which our politicians have dragged us. Using these alternatives as a kind of battery for our energy is the only way we can ensure that the effort we make every day in our jobs, ventures or companies is not devalued, since both gold and bitcoin are not debt. of anyone, they are reserves of value and have no risk of reverse departure or non-payment.
It is time to take action and educate ourselves to be able to rise to the challenges of the paradigm shift that we will have as a civilization, since a change in the monetary standard is what can lead us to a better path of incentives where people can change preferences. temporary and build for the future.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/604619
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-11 12:34:49
Back then, I was still living in a house in Höpfigheim. The house bordered directly on nature, a nature reserve, and I loved going out into nature there. I regularly took photos in this area. That's how this photo came about on that day in April 2011.
The photo was taken in Höpfigheim, a town in the Ludwigsburg district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Photo Information
- Author: Ruben Storm
- Date Taken: April 22, 2011
- Published: June 19, 2012
- Camera: Nikon D3100
- Lens: Not specified
- Location: Höpfigheim, Germany
Links:
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-11 12:17:18
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/603455/r/Undisciplined
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July 11, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTI am not a routing node anymore
Excerpt
Over the past two years I ran an amateur routing node that was in the top 300 on lightning terminal. I have decided to stop for the following reasons […]
5586 sats \ 37 comments \ @lnvisualizer \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/207349/r/Undisciplined?commentId=207482
Excerpt
While you were making Bitcoin banks, Phoenix scripted out lightning channel management […]
1776 sats \ 12 replies \ @nerd2ninja
From Introducing the new Phoenix: a 3rd generation self-custodial Lightning wallet by @Norbert in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @nerd2ninja (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
746 stacked \ 2262 spent \ 1 post \ 11 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
91.7k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 113.7k spent \ 90 posts \ 302 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 11, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTI'm Evan Kaloudis, Founder of Zeus. July 11th AMA!
Excerpt
I'm stoked to chat with you all today. Zeus (https://zeusln.app) is a mobile app for iOS and Android that lets you connect to and control your lightning node remotely. It supports LND, Core Lightning, and Eclair.
31.7k sats \ 58 comments \ @evankaloudis \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/43634/r/Undisciplined?commentId=43640
Excerpt
Hello, I am a Bitcoin maxi and I put my sats where my mouth is. Bitcoin maximalism is a method of consumer protection. My story as a maximalist, is that I used to shitcoin back in 2016. During the 2018 bear market, I lost so much money in everything […]
390 sats \ 11 replies \ @nerd2ninja
From I am moving over from Twitter by @charles_stack in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
19.3k stacked \ 32k spent \ 2 posts \ 17 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
53.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 62.2k spent \ 114 posts \ 304 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 11, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTThis company sells passports to Americans looking for a tax break on their bitcoin profits
Link to https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/11/plan-b-passport-tax-break-bitcoin-profits.html
5 sats \ 4 comments \ @0268486dc4 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/256/r/Undisciplined?commentId=282
Excerpt
Fascinating to see the disconnect between fundamentals of a crypto/stock and the price action created by market movers and how it seems to follow so many mathematical patterns. Makes you want to be a trader but then you remember 90%+ or whatever jus […]
1 sat \ 2 replies \ @gmd
From What are your favorite Bitcoin newsletters? by @k00b in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKERNo top stacker
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
21 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 151 spent \ 5 posts \ 15 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/604559
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@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2024-07-11 08:42:42
เตรียมตัวเตรียมของ 3 อย่าง ก่อนลงสู่ทุ่งม่วง
โพสที่แล้ว เราเห็นข้อเปรียบเทียบระหว่าง nostr กับ โซเชียลมีเดีย กันไปแล้ว โพสนี้เราจะมาทำความรู้จัก ของหลักๆที่จำเป็นในการลงสู่ทุ่งม่วงกันครับ
อย่างที่ 1 : กุญแจคู่ รู้ตัวตน ก่อนจะเข้าประตูสู่ทุ่งม่วงนั้น เราต้องการกุญแจ 2 ดอกครับ มันทำงานคล้ายๆเซฟธนาคาร คือ กุญแจ 2 ดอกนี้ต้องเข้าชุดกัน ถึงจะเปิดออกได้ ซึ่งกุญแจ 2 ดอกนี้ เราเรียกว่า npub กับ nsec
อย่าเพิ่งตกใจ ไหนบอกว่าจะมีศัพท์คอมพิวเตอร์น้อยๆไง 5555 ใช่ครับ บางคำอาจจำเป็นต้องรู้จักไว้ แต่ผมจะเทียบเคียงเป็นภาษาบ้านๆเราให้นะครับ npub กับ nsec จะเป็นชุดตัวเลขที่คอมพิวเตอร์คำนวนมาให้ (วิธีการได้มาจะบอกภายหลังครับ)
Npub เราทำความเข้าใจเป็นภาษาอังกฤษง่ายๆว่า Nostr Public key ตัวย่อ NPUB หรือกุญแจที่เราเอาไว้ให้คนอื่นเพื่อจดจำว่าเป็นเรา ซึ่งคนอื่น นั่น นอกจากจะเป็นคนจริงๆแล้ว ยังหมายถึงระบบแอพต่างๆด้วย
Nsec เราทำความเข้าใจเป็นภาษาอังกฤษง่ายๆว่า Nostr Secret key ตัวย่อ NSEC หรือกุญแจที่เราเก็บไว้ที่ตัวเองเท่านั้น ห้ามใครรู้
ระบบต่างๆจะคำนวนว่า npub กับ nsec เป็นชุดเดียวกันหรือเปล่า ก่อนนะอนุญาตให้เราดำเนินการใดๆได้ใน nostr พูดง่ายๆคือ npub nsec คือ กุญแจคู่ที่เอาไว้ยืนยันความเป็นตัวเรานั่นเองครับ
ทีนี้ข้อเด่นของระบบ nostr ที่เหนือกว่า แอพโซเชียล www ทุกวันนี้คือ กุญแจคู่นี้ชุดเดียว ทำให้คุณสามารถท่องไปในดินแดน nostr ได้ตลอดกาล ไม่ว่าในอนาคตจะมีคนสร้าง nostr app อะไรใหม่ๆขึ้นมา โครงสร้างหลักของ nostr จะเป็นการใช้กุญแจคู่นี้ตลอดไปเช่นกัน ไม่เหมือนกับ โซเชียล www ทุกวันนี้ ที่ต้องไปไล่สมัคร user id ตามเอกชนแต่ละที่ แล้วเราก็ต้องมีเป็นร้อยๆ account ตามจำนวนบริการที่เราใช้ ไหนจะ เฟสบุค ไหนจะยูทูป ไหนจะกูเกิ้ล นี่ยังดีที่ แอพเล็กๆหลายๆเจ้าไปพึ่งใบบุญลูกพี่ใหญ่ อย่างเฟสบุค ยูทูป ไปบ้างแล้ว แต่เราก็ต้องมีสารพัด user id อยู่ดี
นอกจากนี้ ข้อมูล password ของเราก็ยังถูกบันทึกไว้ที่คอมของ แอพนั้นๆ ต่างกับ กุญแจคู่ของ nostr ที่ไม่ได้เป็นการบันทึกข้อมูลของกุญแจไว้ในคอมของแอพ(ที่ใน nostr เราเรียกว่า รีเลย์ จำได้ใช่ไหมครับ) ระบบของ nostr เป็นการนำตัวเลขของกุญแจคู่นี้ มาคำนวนความเข้ากันได้ว่าเป็นคู่ที่ถูกต้องไหม ถ้าถูกต้องมันจะอนุญาตให้เราดำเนินการต่อ นั่นหมายถึงไม่มีการบันทึกใดๆไว้ในคอมผู้ให้บริการเลย ตราบใดที่คุณเก็บกุญแจไว้ที่ตัวดีๆ your key is your id
ทีนี้การที่จะได้กุญแจคู่นี้มานั้นไม่ยากครับ เพียงแค่เราใช้แอพของ nostr เป็นตัวสร้างได้เลย
อย่างที่ 2 : แอพไหน ไฟแรงเวอร์ ก่อนจะเข้าสู่การสร้าง เรามาทำความเข้าใจ โลกของ nostr app กันเพิ่มสักนิดก่อนครับ อย่างที่บอกในโพสที่แล้ว nostr คือระบบการส่งข้อมูลแบบใหม่ เทียบให้เห็นภาพก็คือ www (world wide web) Nostr คือ การส่งอะไรก็ตามผ่านรีเลย์ (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays)
ทีนี้ในโลกของ www เราก็จะมีแอพซึ่งภาษาทางการเรียกว่า web app เห็นชัดๆก็พวกที่อยู่ในมือถือเรานั่นละครับ เฟสบุค ยูทูป ไอจี ทวิตเตอร์ มันคือหน้าฉากเป็นมือถือแต่หลังบ้านมันเป็นการติดต่อส่งรับข้อมูลในระบบ www รวมศูนย์อยู่ที่แอพแต่ละยี่ห้อ
การทำงานของ Nostr ก็เหมือนกัน แม้จะใช้การส่งข้อมูลผ่านรีเลย์แต่ระบบยังคงทำงานบนอินเตอร์เนทช่วยในการเดินทาง เราจึงจะมี nostr app เพื่อใช้เป็นหน้าบ้านในการส่งรับข้อมูลในระบบ nostr ที่เชื่อมต่อถึงกันโดยรีเลย์ ดังนั้นเอาจริงๆในฐานะผู้ใช้ แทบจะไม่ต้องปรับอะไรมากเลย นอกจากเรียนรู้การใช้แอพใหม่
ส่วนการอธิบายหลักการที่ผ่านมา มันแค่ช่วยให้คุณเข้าใจความเจ๋ง ความอิสระ ความปลอดภัย เพื่อให้คุณ อิน ในระบบที่ไม่ต้องพึ่งพาบริษัทเอกชนที่เอาคุณเป็นสินค้าใดๆอีก
นักเขียนโปรแกรม เขาก็ทำ app ขึ้นมาให้เราเทียบเคียงการใช้งานกับโลกทุกวันนี้ ยกตัวอย่างให้เห็นภาพกันก่อนเช่น Facebook twitter เขาก็จะมีแอพ damus artemis primal ฯลฯ ที่เป็นการโพสข้อความ รูป ลิงค์ มีกดไลค์ มีแชร์ ได้เหมือนกัน Youtube เขาก็จะมีแอพ zapstream flare ฯลฯ ที่เป็นลักษณะคลังเก็บวีดีโอ หรือ การไลฟ์ต่างๆ ซึ่งอันนี้แค่ตัวอย่างครับ จริงๆแล้วยังมี nostr app อีกมากมายก่ายกอง ที่เริ่มมีการทะยอยออกมาให้ใช้งานกัน (แน่ละครับ มันยังไม่มากแบบใน app store แต่มันคือจุดเริ่มต้นที่ผ่านมาได้พักนึงแล้ว และแอพใช้งานทั่วไปก็ครอบคลุมแล้ว)
ที่สำคัญคือ ทุก nostr app ใช้กุญแจคู่เดียว ในการแสดงตัวตนของเราในการใช้งานนั้นๆ ตามที่บอกไว้ข้างบน (อย่างที่1) ไม่ต้องสมัครอะไรอีกต่อไป โหลดแล้วใช้เลย และใครที่ใช้คอม จะยิ่งมี nostr app ที่ใช้งานแบบบนคอมเยอะกว่าในมือถือเสียอีก
อย่างที่ 3 : แฮชแทคจ๋า พี่มาแล้ว ด้วยความที่โลกของ nostr กว้างใหญ่มาก อิสระมาก และที่สำคัญคือ ไม่มีอัลกอลิทึม ในการที่จะยัดเยียดการมองเห็น ดังนั้นสิ่งที่จะทำให้ทุกอย่างง่ายขึ้นนั่นคือแฮชแทค ถ้าใครเล่น ig twitter เราจะคุ้นเคยกันดี ว่าหากเราโพสอะไรแล้วใส่แฮชแทค คนที่ติดตามแฮชแทคนั้น จะได้เห็นข้อความเราไปเอง nostr ก็เช่นกัน มีแฮชแทคมากมายให้ติดตามกัน โดยเฉพาะ แฮชแทค #siamstr ที่เราชาวไทยรวมใจกันใช้ เพื่อสร้างอาณาเขตของคนไทยในทุ่งม่วง นอกจากนี้ของผมเองคือ #pirateketo ที่ใช้อยู่กับเฟสบุคและ ig ก็นำไปใช้ในทุ่งม่วงด้วย สามารถเจอโพสของพวกเราได้ ตามแฮชแทคนี้
ถ้าเป็นคนเล่นแฮชแทคอยู่แล้วก็ง่ายเลยแทบไม่ต้องปรับตัว ใครไม่ค่อยเล่นก็สามารถลองกดๆแฮชแทคในเฟสบุคดูเพื่อทำความเข้าใจการทำงานได้ก่อนที่จะลงทุ่งม่วง
ทบทวนอีกที ของ3อย่างที่ต้องเตรียมรู้ก่อนลงทุ่งม่วง 1.กุญแจคู่ รู้ตัวตน 2.แอพไหน ไฟแรงเวอร์ 3. แฮชแทคจ๋า พี่มาแล้ว เมื่อทำความเข้าใจ 3 อย่างนี้แล้ว เราก็พร้อมจะลงไปมั่วกันแล้วครับ เล่นก่อนเรียนตามกันไปอีกที
pirateketo
siamstr
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@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2024-07-11 07:14:05
ก่อนจะเปิดหลุมกระต่าย ให้เพื่อนๆลงไปสู่ ทุ่งม่วง wonderland เรามาเบิกเนตรระบบที่ทำให้เราเป็นสินค้าแทนที่จะเป็นลูกค้ากันก่อนครับอินเตอร์เนทเริ่มต้นด้วยอุดมการณ์ที่ดี ที่จะให้ข้อมูลข่าวสารมันฉับไว ซึ่งมันก็เป็นเช่นนั้นจริงๆ แต่โลกมันมีสิ่งนึงที่เกิดขึ้นอยู่เสมอ นั้นคือ การชิงทรัพยากร ดินแดน เวลา และการควบคุมคนให้อยู่ในอาณัติ
อินเตอร์เนทเริ่มถูกยึดดินแดนมาตั้งแต่การเริ่มมีการสื่อสาร 2 ทางที่โต้ตอบกันได้เร็วขึ้น เจ้า www (World Wide Web) มันกลายเป็นดินแดนของไม่กี่บริษัท ที่เป็นผู้ยิ่งใหญ่ในโลก ดอทคอม สร้างกิจกรรมบางอย่างแล้วให้คนทั้งโลกเข้ามาใช้งาน
จะเห็นว่าทุกวันนี้เราแทบไม่พ้นการเข้าไปดู เฟสบุค ยูทูป ทวิตเตอร์ ไอจี ชอปปี้ ลาซาด้า และอื่นๆที่เหมือนจะมากมายแต่ไม่ได้มากมายเมื่อเทียบประชากรโลก
บางคนบอกว่ามันก็ดีไม่ใช่เหรอ เราได้ใช้ฟรีๆ ตรงนี้ละครับ เราจะเข้าเรื่องกันแล้ว
คำที่เราหลงไปกับมันคือ เขาทำมาให้เราใช้ฟรีๆ เขาต้องเห็นเราเป็นลูกค้าสิ แต่ความจริงนั้น เราคือสินค้าครับ เขาฟาร์มเราไว้เป็นสินค้า เป็นหมูในแฮปปี้ฟาร์ม ยิ่งประชากรในฟาร์มมีมาก เขาก็จะมีมูลค่าสูงมาก ดังเช่นที่เราเห็นว่า
มีการบ่นมากมายเรื่องการกดการมองเห็น การที่มีแต่โพสพนัน หลอกขายของที่เป็นสปอนเซอร์ การที่เราลงรูปไก่ต้มแล้วโดนแบนเพราะเขามองว่าทรมานสัตว์ และอื่นๆอีกมากมายที่ทำให้รู้สึกว่า ทำไมเขาดูแลผู้ใช้งานไม่ดีเลย เราเป็นลูกค้าเขานะ
ถ้ามองในอีกมุมนึง จริงๆเขาดูแลลูกค้าดีแล้วครับ ลูกค้าของเขาคือคนซื้อโฆษณาต่างหาก ใครที่จ่ายมาก ก็เอาสินค้าเค้ามายัดเยียดให้ประชากรในฟาร์ม ได้ดูกันตาแตก หมูในฟาร์มคนไหนออกนอกลู่นอกทางก็จะเชือดทิ้ง นี่ละครับที่บอกว่าเราคือสินค้าต่างหาก
กลุ่มคนที่ต้องการอิสระเสรี จึงสร้างสิ่งใหม่ขึ้นมา ไม่ใช่แค่ทำแอพ ไม่ใช่ทำแค่เว็บ เพราะมันยังต้องพึ่งพาเอกชนในการเอาข้อมูลไปฝากไว้ในเครือข่าย แต่สิ่งใหม่นี้มันเป็นระบบการส่งข้อมูลแบบใหม่ครับ
ให้เห็นภาพยิ่งขึ้น เราบอกไปแล้วว่าดินแดนอินเตอร์เนท มันอยู่ในกำมือคนที่เป็น land lord ไม่กี่คน และทุกอย่างเราต้องอยู่ใต้อาณัติเขา ตั้งแต่การได้เห็นแค่ข้อมูลเขาก็เลือกให้ จนถึงว่าถ้าเขาสงสัยว่าเราไม่ใช่เราตัวจริง เขาสามารถลบเราไปโดยไม่ต้องถามอะไร ชีวิต7ปี 10ปี ที่ผ่านมาในแอพมันสามารถเหลือ 0โพสได้ในพริบตาและไม่ให้อุธรณ์ใดๆ
นั่นเพราะข้อมูลทุกอย่างมันไปอยู่ในเครื่องคอมของแต่ละบริษัท ทั้งยูทูป เฟสบุค ไอจี ของๆเรา เราเอาไปอัพไว้ในคอมเขา ต้องทำตามกฎที่เขาตั้งและเปลี่ยนใจได้ทุกเมื่อ และแอบมองของๆเราได้ทุกรูปทุกข้อความลับ
ทุกอย่าง ย้ำว่าทุกอย่าง ต้องผ่านคอมของเขาทั้งหมด เราไม่มีอะไรเป็นของเราเลย ในฟาร์มนี้ เราแค่รอโดนเชือดและเราไม่กล้าออกมาเพราะคิดว่าเป็น safe zone
ส่วนระบบการส่งข้อมูลแบบใหม่ เราเรียกว่า nostr อ่านว่า นอสเตอร์ ชื่อเต็มมันยาว แต่ถ้ารู้ จะเข้าใจง่ายขึ้น เพราะมันมาจากคำว่า Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays แปลว่า ”อะไรก็ตามที่เอามาส่งผ่านรีเลย์“
ผมขอเรียกมันว่าส่งไม้ต่อละกันครับ มองภาพการวิ่ง 4x100 มันมีการส่งไม้ผลัดใช่ไหมครับ นั่นละ รีเลย์
ระบบเก่าเราเรียกว่า การรวมศูนย์ นั่นคือเอะอะก็ต้องไปเก็บหรือไปดู จากคอมบริษัทนั้นๆ เช่น ดูคลิปก็ต้องไปโหลดจากคอมของยูทูป จะดูฟีดเพื่อนก็ต้องไปโหลดข้อความที่เพื่อนฝากไว้ในคอมของเฟสบุค
ถ้าวันนึง เฟสบุคล่ม นั่นคือทุกคนติดต่อหรือดูอะไรไม่ได้เลย และถ้ากู่ไม่กลับ นั้นคือทุกอย่างหายหมด นอกจากนี้ผู้คุมศูนย์คือสั่งชี้เป็นชี้ตายคุณได้ทันที ที่ไม่พอใจคุณ บ้านเขากฎเขา นั้นเอง
ในขณะที่ nostr เป็นระบบส่งไม้ผลัด นั่นคือ ใครๆก็สามารถเป็น รีเลย์ได้ แค่มีคอมก็เรียบร้อย วิธีการเป็นรีเลย์ เรายังไม่ต้องสนใจครับ เราเป็นแค่ผู้ใช้ ไม่ต้องเป็นผู้ให้บริการก็ได้ ฟรีด้วย วันนี้เราแค่มาเข้าใจเส้นทางก่อนครับ
อย่างที่บอกครับ ระบบการส่งข้อมูลเราเป็นรีเลย์ หรือ ไม้ผลัด หลักการก็แค่เราก็แค่ใส่ที่อยู่รีเลย์ ลงไปในแอพของเรา แล้วข้อมูลที่เราส่งไป เจ้ารีเลย์มันก็จะวิ่งส่งไม้ผลัดนี้ไปให้สมาชิกทุกคนในรีเลย์
ในทางกลับกัน เราก็จะได้รับข้อมูลที่สมาชิกในสังกัดรีเลย์ที่เราลงไว้ ส่งมาให้ผ่านทางรีเลย์ด้วยเช่นกัน
และที่เจ๋งก็คือ รีเลย์ ไม่สนใจอะไรอย่างอื่นอีก นอกเหนือแค่ส่งไม้ผลัดให้สมาชิกทุกคน นั่นคือ มันไม่คิดว่าอะไรควรส่งไม่ควรส่ง มันไม่คิดว่าข้อมูลดีแค่ไหน มันไม่ปิดกั้น มันไม่เซนเซอร์ นั่นคือ มีหน้าที่แค่ส่งจริงๆ นอกจากนี้ถ้าเราเป็นใส่รีเลย์มากกว่า 1 แห่งในตัวเรา ข้อมูลทั้งหมดก็จะสำเนาไปยังรีเลย์ที่เหลือได้เช่นกัน หมายถึงว่า ข้อมูลเราจะกระจายแบบสำเนาไปได้อีกหลายๆๆๆๆรีเลย์
นอกจากอิสระแล้วยังฆ่าไม่ตายด้วย เพราะรีเลย์มีขึ้นเป็นดอกเห็ด และใครๆทำรีเลย์มาเปิดให้บริการได้เอง (เราเป็นแค่ผู้ใช้ ไม่ได้อยากเป็นผู้ให้บริการ เราไม่ต้องสร้างรีเลย์ก็สามารถใช้งาน nostr ได้ครับ)
ดังนั้น nostr จึงเหมาะกับคนที่ต้องการเสรีภาพแบบเต็มๆ เพราะไม่มีใครเซนเซอร์คุณได้เลย คุณเท่านั้นที่จะต้องรับผิดชอบการกระทำของคุณเอง
เพราะด้วยที่มันฆ่าไม่ตาย นั่นหมายถึง สิ่งที่คุณพิมพ์หรือโพสลงไป จะไม่สามารถลบหรือแก้ไขได้เช่นกัน แม้แต่ตัวคุณเองก็ตาม
ดังนั้นไต่ตรองให้ดีถ้าจะสร้างเนื้อหา เพราะมันจะบันทึกสิ่งที่คุณทำไว้ตลอดไป แต่ถ้าเรายังไม่มั่นใจเราลองเล่นแบบเป็นคนอ่านก่อนก็ได้ครับ พอเราใช้คล่องขึ้น มีสติสัมปชัญญะเพียงพอ ก็เริ่มทักทายคนในนั้นได้ มันไม่น่ากลัวหรอกครับ เพราะหัวใจหล้กของ nostr คือการเข้าสังคม สร้างสังคมคุณภาพ มากกว่าการโพสเท่ๆเอาไลค์ เพราะ มันไม่มีอัลกอลิทึ่มใดๆ เขายึดมั่นใน proof of work
ไลฟ์ของเราจะไม่โดนปิดกั้น โพสของเราจะไม่โดนลดการมองเห็น ถ้ามันมีคุณภาพเพียงพอที่คนจะเลือกติดตามชม
ถ้ามองเห็นกลลวงของโซเชียลแล้ว ตอนหน้า จะรวบรัด ลงหลุมกระต่ายกันเลย เอาแบบโหลดแล้วเล่นก่อน แล้วเรียนไปพร้อมๆกับเล่นนี่แหละ
ถ้าทุกคนเริ่มวันนี้ อิสระก็จะเริ่มยิ่งใหญ่วันนี้ แล้วก็จะไม่มีคำว่า คนมันยังน้อยอยู่
เคยดูหนังไหมครับ เช่นตอนเปิดแผ่นดินใหม่ ใครขี่ม้าไปปักธงจองอาณาเขตได้ก่อน ก็จะคุ้นชินพื้นที่นั้นๆได้ก่อนใครครับ
pirateketo
กูต้องรู้มั๊ย
Siamstr
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@ 5196eb85:5c9ff0f8
2024-07-10 23:35:24
There have been alot of talks about testnet3, after it been running for almost 11 years bitcoin core can not reset it. It become too decentralize.
Some people forked testnet3 and made testnet4 with higher blocks space, due testnet3 having value and can not be resets !
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GP7gEf8aYAAnTQj?format=jpg&name=large
Now we have 11 years old chain we dont know what to do with it, and nobody can stop it !
Mining Costs Over $130 per tBTC3 (testnet3) has being going up and volume on DEX started to go up
https://altquick.com/exchange/market/BitcoinTestnet
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/604075
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-10 13:09:22
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/602257/r/Undisciplined
We had been doing a good job keeping @k00b off the leaderboards, but for the second day in a row he's taking all of the Top Stacker spots. For posterity's sake, don't let him win a fourth July 10th in a row.
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July 10, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTWhat’s the Hardest lesson you’ve learned from Bitcoin?
Excerpt
For me, staying humble while stacking sats.
We don’t have it all figured out. 2107 sats \ 22 comments \ @birdeye21 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/206793/r/Undisciplined?commentId=206809
25.3k sats \ 0 replies \ @Darth
From Meme Monday - Best Bitcoin Meme Gets 25,000 Sats by @sn in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @k00b (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
8282 stacked \ 8933 spent \ 2 posts \ 11 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
38.7k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 48.6k spent \ 102 posts \ 286 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 10, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POST🔥 Presenting LNCal.com ⚡️ - Earn Bitcoin with your public calendar! (LNURL enabled)
Link to https://lncal.com/
2221 sats \ 36 comments \ @e \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/43271/r/Undisciplined?commentId=43283
Excerpt
- Begin learning the protocols quite well. I recommend Chaincode ... If you don't like classes/accountability/mentorship, you can self-teach using their materials: https://chaincode.gitbook.io/seminars/.
939 sats \ 6 replies \ @k00b
From Ask SN: how to contribute to Bitcoin core, or layers 2 and beyond? by @a in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
18.3k stacked \ 6570 spent \ 1 post \ 29 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
10.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 13.6k spent \ 59 posts \ 181 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 10, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POST[For the lols] Why you should be terrified of owning Bitcoin
Link to https://fortune.com/2021/07/10/bitcoin-why-you-should-be-terrified-of-owning-btc/
4 sats \ 6 comments \ @shawnyeager \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/247/r/Undisciplined?commentId=263
Excerpt
Kind of regretting settling in Austin 😂. South America will soon be the place to be.
21 sats \ 2 replies \ @k00b
From Paraguay set to introduce Bitcoin bill on July 14th by @gmd in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
10 stacked \ 26 spent \ 3 posts \ 7 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
32 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 55 spent \ 4 posts \ 13 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/603455
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-10 08:12:37
Woke up at the crack of dawn today in my dorm, just past 5 am, to a flurry of activity. The two guests who checked in yesterday were already checking out, including the Chinese woman who'd been here for almost two weeks. With the room suddenly quiet, I grabbed my phone to check my account – hoping to see the tokens I'd transferred the previous day. But to my surprise, they were nowhere to be found.
This unexpected early check-out (most hostels allow check-in after 2 pm) left me with a private room for a brief moment, a small perk amidst the confusion. But back to the real issue – my missing Blurt tokens.
Yesterday, I wrote a Hive Engine tutorial on transferring Blurt to your Blurt account. However, when I tried it myself, my 705 Blurt vanished into thin air. Completely baffled, I spent my morning researching after breakfast. While I knew transfers take time, I didn't expect it to take all night, let alone be missing by 10 am.
As a result, the Hive Engine tutorial will have to wait. I need to get to the bottom of this missing transfer before finalizing it. With no set plans for today and a foot still causing trouble, my biggest hope is for a speedy recovery on both fronts – my foot and the missing Blurt!
After hitting publish on this post, I'll be diving back in to figure out how to spend this unplanned day. Here's to hoping for a swift resolution and a chance to explore soon (on a pain-free foot, of course)!
(Image: Screenshot of Hive Engine transfer)
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@ 124b23f2:02455947
2024-07-10 05:24:33
I'm reposting this in order to fix the images and get it correctly onto my npub.pro site
What is this ?
My Futurebit Apollo Miner in action
Futurebit is a company that manufactures home miners for retail users (see futurebit.io) - you can check out details on their website. These are targeted at individuals that want to participate in mining with an easy to use, quiet miner that does not use a ton of electricity.
The idea here is to try and stay true to the original bitcoin concept of a computer which runs the bitcoin software and mines bitcoin, all in one. While mining has obviously evolved into a commercial industry and the mining process has long been separated from running a bitcoin node, I think there are still some valid reasons to want to participate in the mining process and attempt to keep this original ethos alive:
- You learn a lot about bitcoin from mining. Reading about the process is one thing, but actually getting a machine running, pointing it towards the pool of your choice, and seeing the bitcoin process from this perspective is something I've found very enjoyable (mining is probably my favorite part of bitcoin, if I had to choose one). It can also be a gateway drug to more advanced mining, so...heavy care.
- It is marginally valuable to the network. Sure, one person running a futurebit miner is nothing compared to the hashrate of MARA. But, if you have tens of thousands of plebs all running their own miners from home, pointing their hashpower to the pool of their choice, it does provide a legitimate decentralizing anchor to large mining actors. Every pleb should be participating in mining, in my opinion, and the Futurebit Apollo miner offers a casual and unobtrusive avenue to do just that.
Now, the Futurebit Apollo Miner you most commonly see is the 'Full Package.' The Full Package is an Orange Pi computer running on a custom linux distribution. You basically boot it up, and it starts running bitcoin core and mining in a few clicks. That is very cool, and I did own one. However, I will say that the Full Package is, unfortunately, not a great product. I won't go into too much detail, but its a very poor quality computer, the security upkeep of the custom linux distribution is lacking, and I found connecting to the node to use with wallets to be very difficult. The mining was also consistently inturrupted due to the pi freezing up. You are better off going with a different option for running a bitcoin node.
This is simply to say, I dislike the Full Package Futurebit Apollo Unit. With that said, I very much like the 'Standard Unit'. The Standard Unit is simply a mining hashboard without the computer OS that comes with the Full Package. I've been running two Standard Units in my house for 18 months now and they just quietly hum along in my house, I barely notice them and they rarely need to be restarted (honestly I can't think of more than 3 times that I needed to troubleshoot and even then it was typically restarting the miner). They are a great way to make your personal contribution to the security of the bitcoin network.
(Please Note: These things are pretty pricey brand new, so don't even think about buying one as being a profitable choice. You can sometimes find decent deals for them used, but buyer beware I can't speak to that experience. This is about hands-on learning about bitcoin mining and participating in the security of the network with a machine that won't drive your family crazy and that I believe is well-built enough to last you a long time. Heck, you could even set one up at your office and I doubt anyone would notice and mine with free electricity.)
So, that's some background. Now, a standard unit is not the most friendly user experience if you are not used to using command line. I wasn't, but I spent a lot of time figuring it out. With this guide, any user should be able to get a Standard Unit hashing :) Here is the step by step process guide on how to run a standard unit, in use with both a Windows OS computer and a Linux OS computer (Ubuntu is what I use)...enjoy.
I. Linux
Your Futurebit Apollo Standard Unit (referred to from here as 'the Unit') miner comes with a power supply and a usb cable. It's pretty straight forward, but you will want to connect the Unit to the computer of your choice (the computer needs to be on and running while you are mining, so a low power consumption computer and/or a computer that you are already running all the time for some other reason would be best). Also, plug in the power supply to your unit and turn it on (there are instructions in the Unit's manual for how to hook up the power supply correctly).
- Go to https://github.com/jstefanop/Apollo-Miner-Binaries
- You'll land on a page that looks like this:
For the purposes of this guide, I am going to be using the 'linux-x86_64' package as it is most appropriate for my computer. But, you would need to select the appropriate binaries for your computer. Odds are, if you are running ubuntu on your laptop or desktop, you are going to use the 'linux-x86_64' package.
- Once you have clicked on the linux-x86_64 folder, you will land here:
Open each of these 4 files and download them using the 'Download Raw File' link in each file's page. Here is an example:
Once you have downloaded, I'd recommend making a folder and putting all 4 of the files into that folder. I am going to make a folder with the name 'Mining Files'. I am also going to move the folder out of my Downloads folder (not necessary, but I'd recommend as it's not a great place to park a folder you want to hold onto). I am going to move it to my Documents Folder:
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Now, if you do not have a mining pool account, you will need to make one, otherwise you should be able to use your pool credentials in the next step. Alternatively, you can solo mine using solo.ckpool.org with only a btc address. However, for the purposes of this guide I am going to assume that you are using Braiins pool. If necessary, go ahead and make a login at braiins.com/pool. Note the username and password as we will need that later.
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From the files that you downloaded in step 3, we are going to double-click on 'start_apollo.sh' and open it up in Text Editor. The first 60 lines or so are explanations on how to prepare this script for your use. However, I am going to run you through all the options to update, so you shouldn't need to read the description. Instead, we are going to focus on the text in black font at the bottom of the file:
We need to update the info in the following fields as follows
-host = stratum.braiins.com -port = 3333 -user = username for your Braiins login. I'll use "braiinsexample" for now. -pswd = password for your Braiins login. I'll use "Password123" for now. -comport = Most likely "/dev/ttyACM0" or "/dev/ttyACM1" or "/dev/ttyACM2" -brd_ocp = 48 -osc = 30 -ao_mode = 1
So, when our file is set up correctly, it will look like:
Make sure to save, then close out of text editor.
- Now, start up terminal on your computer. First, we are going to want to get into the correct directory. In our case, our file is in Documents > Mining Files. So, you would input the following command:
cd ~/Documents/Mining Files
Once you are in the correct directory, we will run the following command:
sudo ./start_apollo.sh
You will likely be prompted to enter your computer's password, input the password and, if all goes well, you should see a result like this in your terminal:
You are now mining! The setting we use run the Unit ins 'eco mode', which should yield 2 terahash per second in terms of mining power (you can monitor the performance from your respective mining pool dashboard). As long as you keep this terminal window open and the computer on that is connected to the miner, and you will be mining away :)
II. Windows
Your Futurebit Apollo Standard Unit (referred to from here as 'the Unit') miner comes with a power supply and a usb cable. It's pretty straight forward, but you will want to connect the Unit to the computer of your choice (the computer needs to be on and running while you are mining, so a low power consumption computer and/or a computer that you are already running all the time for some other reason would be best). Also, plug in the power supply to your unit and turn it on (there are instructions in the Unit's manual for how to hook up the power supply correctly).
- Go to https://github.com/jstefanop/Apollo-Miner-Binaries
- You'll land on a page that looks like this:
For Windows, you will click on the folder titled 'msvc19'. You'll see 2 files to download, go ahead and click on each and click 'Download Raw File' for each.
Please Note: Windows may see this file as a virus, so you may need to 'allow on device' in your virus & threat protection of your windows security service.
- Once you have downloaded each file, I'd recommend making a folder and putting all of the files into that folder. I am going to make a folder with the name 'Mining Files'. I am also going to move the folder out of my Downloads folder (not necessary, but I'd recommend as it's not a great place to park a folder you want to hold onto). I am going to move it to my Documents Folder:
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Now, if you do not have a mining pool account, you will need to make one, otherwise you should be able to use your pool credentials in the next step. Alternatively, you can solo mine using solo.ckpool.org with only a btc address. However, for the purposes of this guide I am going to assume that you are using Braiins pool. If necessary, go ahead and make a login with at braiins.com/pool. Note the username and password as we will need that later.
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From the files that you downloaded in step 3, we are going to right click on 'start_apollo' and select 'edit'. The file will open up in notepad. The first 60 lines or so are explanations on how to prepare this script for your use. However, I am going to run you through all the options to update, so you shouldn't need to read the description. Instead, we are going to focus on the text in black font at the bottom of the file:
We need to update the info in the following fields as follows
-host = stratum.braiins.com -port = 3333 -user = username for your Braiins login. I'll use "braiinsexample" for now. -pswd = password for your Braiins login. I'll use "Password123" for now. -comport = go to the 'Device Manager' service on your computer, expand the 'Ports' section, and you should find a 'USB serial device' with COM#. Update with your COM# (COM1, COM2, COM3, etc). -brd_ocp = 48 -osc = 30 -ao_mode = 1
So, when our file is set up correctly, it will look like:
- Now that the file is ready, save the file and exit out of notepad. You should be able to simply double-click on the file. The command prompt services will pop-up on your desktop, and should reflect this, indicating your connection is successful and mining has begun:
You are now mining! The setting we use run the Unit ins 'eco mode', which should yield 2 terahash per second in terms of mining power (you can monitor the performance from your respective mining pool dashboard). As long as you keep this terminal window open and the computer on that is connected to the miner, and you will be mining away :)
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/603076
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@ 124b23f2:02455947
2024-07-10 04:54:00
I'm reposting this article I wrote some time ago again to fix the images for it on my npub.pro site
In my previous post, I explained how to use your getalby ln address to receive zaps directly to your LND node. Similarly, there is an additional option that one can utilize to receive zaps directly to your lightning node: lnaddress.com.
Lnaddress.com is a federated lightning address server that you can use to create a custom ln address. Unlike using getalby, lnaddress.com can be used with any lightning implementation (not just LND). For the purposes of this write-up, I am going to use LNBits to connect an lnaddress.com lightning address with my node. And as will be the case with most of my write-ups, I am going to be using Start9 OS, so users of that OS will likely find this write-up most useful, but I'm sure people using other node interfaces can infer how to complete this set up as well.
With that said, let's dive into the step-by-step on how to create your own custom ln address with lnaddress.com and set it up to receive zaps directly to your lightning node:
*Users should have lnbits set up with their lightning node before proceeding.
- Go to lnaddress.com. Input your desired username, select 'Node Backend Type' = LNBits, and if necessary check the box 'This is a new lightning address'. Keep this page open in one tab as we will be returning to it to input info.
- From your Start9 OS services page, go to your LNBits service. Open the 'Properties' page, and in a new tab, open the (Tor) Superuser Account. Page will look like this:
From this LNbits page, you can choose to 'add a new wallet' and use that wallet instead of your superuser account. That is up to you but the steps will be the same.
- Now, we need to grab the info needed for the 'Host Protocol + IP or Domain + Port' field on the lnaddress.com page. On the lnbits page, expand the 'Api Docs' field, and the 'Get Wallet Details' field found on the right hand side menu. In this 'Get Wallet Details' section, you will want to copy some of the URL found in the 'curl example' section. Copy 'http://xxxxxx.onion' (don't copy any more!), and paste this into the 'Host (Protocol + IP or Domain + Port' field found on the lnaddress.com page.
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Next, we need to grab the key for your lnbits wallet. From the lnbits page, expand the API docs section found on the right hand side menu. Copy the 'Invoice/read key' (make sure to use the invoice/read key and not your Admin key), and paste it into the key field found on the lnaddress.com page. Upon pasting in that last piece of info, click 'submit' at the bottom of the page.
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If all info was input correctly, your connection will be successful. If successful, you will be brought to a page that looks like this:
You will want to save this secret PIN in case you need to update info in your ln address. You'll also find a test lightning invoice of 1 sat. Using a wallet not connected to the node we connected to our new ln address, you can test the ln address out by paying the 1 sat test invoice.
Users of Start9 OS might find the following info particularly useful: This ln address via lnaddress.com comes with a couple advantages aside from self-custodial zap receiving:
- One, you can have a custom ln address username to go with your nym or nostr username. Users of Start9 may be familiar with the ln address one can generate in the btcpay server service. This ln address is not customizable.
- Two, if you are running a tor only lightning node, you will be able to receive zaps from both tor and clear net lightning nodes. Users of Start9 may be familiar with the ln address one can generate in the btcpay server service. This ln address can only receive zaps from other tor nodes and can't receive zaps from clear net nodes.
That is it, you should now be all set up with your new ln address hosted on lnaddress.com, and you should be all ready to receive zaps or lightning payments of any kind :)
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/603061
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@ a619eb76:11d75935
2024-07-09 22:22:19
what is the story with these new pools, anyone know?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/602865
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-09 21:05:01
How stupid is it for a government to sell bitcoin in return for a money it can already print at will? FFS 🤦
https://primal.net/e/note1z8aezletp3k570eqpxumc7t0y537nprujvgym2ssdfzxsglujmfskeg8ps
I wanted to make sure @TomK saw this.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/602808
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@ e968e50b:db2a803a
2024-07-09 20:34:06
QUESTION:
So I found this shareware game: game repo
I want to turn it into a lightning/nostr game, kind of like that lntictactoe game. I just like the idea of throwing some sats in on a guessing game like that, maybe even just loading them in up front for anybody that wants to play for some free sats. The license looks pretty, "do whatever you want",y to me, but maybe somebody that does this more often might have some more insight.
Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Luigi Pinca
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/602790
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@ 000002de:c05780a7
2024-07-09 20:22:21
Curious if the devs on SN have any insights, opinions, or recommendations regarding FP. I've been aware of it for many years, I get the basic concepts but I'm now working on a rewrite of an existing app and another dev and I are considering FP.
Its gonna be a Typescript based node application likely using ExpressJS.
My college is a huge advocate for FP and really likes fp-ts.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/602772
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@ 000002de:c05780a7
2024-07-09 17:25:53
So, Google Chrome gives all *.google.com sites full access to system / tab CPU usage, GPU usage, and memory usage. It also gives access to detailed processor information, and provides a logging backchannel.
This API is not exposed to other sites - only to *.google.com.
This is interesting because it is a clear violation of the idea that browser vendors should not give preference to their websites over anyone elses.
The DMA codifies this idea into law: browser vendors, as gatekeepers of the internet, must give the same capabilities to everyone
Depending on how you interpret the DMA, this additional exposure of information only to Google properties may be considered a violation of the DMA.
Take for example Zoom - they are now at a disadvantage because they can not provide the same CPU debugging feature as Google Meet.
For those interested: this is done through a built-in Chrome extension that can not be disabled, and does not show up in the extensions panel. Source code is here: https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:chrome/browser/resources/hangout_services/
It is unclear whether the same extension also ships in other Chromium derived browsers.
This is one of the many reasons I do not use Google Chrome.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/602609
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@ 1aa437b3:51119dbd
2024-07-09 14:00:34
I have seen there a some tools for blogging via nostr... In a Medium type way. I've also tried npub.pro the other day. I wonder if there is something that is truly a blog, belonging to me via nostr where it's not the firehose but just posts I choose that end up there. Maybe there is a tool or method I have not seen?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/602294
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-09 13:18:17
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/600906/r/Undisciplined
Is it possible for these posts and comments to become top posts and comments today, if people zap them?
I'm not sure if I understand exactly how that works. Is it based on when stuff gets zapped or is it based on when it's posted?
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July 9, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTBitcoin needs more Record, Comic and Book Shops
Excerpt
Bitcoin needs more cultural hubs, and I'm referring to the curator/gate keeper/provocateur of everything that is of and related to the Bitcoin ethos. Even things only tertiary or tangently related.
3948 sats \ 23 comments \ @SatoshisSkeleton \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/206408/r/Undisciplined?commentId=206466
Excerpt
Damn, heavy story in the comments about one of the founders of CloudFlare: https://www.wired.com/story/lee-holloway-devastating-decline-brilliant-young-coder/ […]
210 sats \ 1 reply \ @gmd
From Don't Take VC Funding – It Will Destroy Your Company by @hn in ~tech
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @k00b (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
8813 stacked \ 12.1k spent \ 0 posts \ 10 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
37.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 43k spent \ 63 posts \ 246 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 9, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTExcerpt
So far I’ve found four apps that support Log in with Lightning so far, but pretty sure there are more: - Stacker News - LNMarkets - Kollider - Zapread
437 sats \ 24 comments \ @kr \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/42958/r/Undisciplined?commentId=42991
Excerpt
Apparently we already have 1M 👀 I was here before that (?).
208 sats \ 0 replies \ @gms
From Daily discussion thread by @saloon in ~null
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
519.4k stacked \ 5660 spent \ 6 posts \ 14 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
511.8k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 512.1k spent \ 79 posts \ 123 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 9, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTParaguay set to introduce Bitcoin bill on July 14th
7 sats \ 1 comment \ @gmd \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/229/r/Undisciplined?commentId=243
Excerpt
I'll be honest this sounds made up, but if it is, it is very good viral marketing.
1 sat \ 2 replies \ @gmd
From Casa client case study: the Tinder trap by @k00b in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
2 stacked \ 41 spent \ 3 posts \ 4 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
21 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 59 spent \ 8 posts \ 7 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/602257
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@ 08eade50:687ccb04
2024-07-09 08:53:24
Introducing Npub.pro - your personal websites from your Nostr content! Made with creators in mind, available to all.
Creating a website, maintaining and securing it is a lot of work. Sometimes it feels like an additional job, when all you really want to do is create. Setting up the hosting is a pain, securing the website is a constant uncertainty, and updating across all of your publishing platforms and your website feels like a huge chore.
Enter Npub.pro - a powerful tool to attract and convert your fans with less work. Powered by your Nostr content and enhanced with beautiful open source themes from Ghost, Npub.pro websites just work!
Some of the perks of a Nostr-based website: - Style it your way. Pick a theme that fits your audience and your preferences. You’re not limited to showing your content on one particular client. - Shareable links. Links to your website look amazing when shared on social media and messenger apps. - Great for conversions. A place to attract your audience and measure outcomes using existing web tools. - Hassle-free. No complex hosting, maintenance or security issues. Your content lives on relays. Themes are on Nostr relays and Blossom servers. No matter what, your site still works. - No duplicate work. Already published on Nostr? Npub.pro displays your Nostr content and you choose which type of content to display! - Works like an app. Your website is a progressive web app that can be added to home screen and works offline. - Post from any Nostr client. No need to log in to a CMS to check for comments. Everything is on Nostr so it just works from any client. - SEO friendly. Your content has proper meta tags and your website is rendered on the server to make sure search engines love it. - Self-host if you like. Use our scalable hosting infrastructure or switch to any file hosting like Github Pages. - Interoperable. Your website is a Nostr event proposed in NIP-512, themes are proposed NIP-136. Our engine is open-source libnostrsite.
Heads up! While this has been a long time in the making, we’re still in the early beta stage. Some stuff may be rough, won’t work properly and features may be missing. Content management is still a work in progress, please be patient.
Give it a try and let us know what you think!
Link: https://npub.pro
Built by Nostr.Band team.
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@ 02e5b397:33461d51
2024-07-09 03:05:27
Today the #GOP #Republicans passed their draft platform in full support of #crypto #cryptocurrency #bitcoin summary below. I hate to get political but if you want #selfsovereignty you have to vote hashtag#Trump as hashtag#Biden has been a disaster for the industry.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/601791
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@ 726a1e26:861a1c11
2024-07-08 18:01:28
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@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5
2024-07-08 15:15:28
Hey everyone,
Just wanted to give you a quick update on my travels. Unfortunately, I haven't been doing much exploring lately. I had a bit of an accident a few days ago while crossing the street in the dark.
Since then, I've been mostly relaxing at the hostel, trying to keep my foot off it as much as possible. My daily routine has been pretty simple: wake up, shower, clean the wounds, grab breakfast, and then catch up on some work on my laptop. Not exactly the adventure I was hoping for, but hopefully it'll give my foot the rest it needs to heal quickly.
Speaking of the accident, let's just say it was a good reminder about the importance of being prepared, especially when traveling in Africa. Here, reliable access to electricity and Wi-Fi isn't always a guarantee. Luckily, the hostel I'm staying at has both, which is a real plus. However, frequent power outages are common, and having a flashlight is a lifesaver – literally!
In my case, the power was out when I tried to cross the street. Because I couldn't see a thing, I decided to walk to a crosswalk for better visibility. Big mistake. There was a curb at the crosswalk that I completely missed in the darkness. Tripped, fell, and ended up hurting my foot, knee, and hands.
Thankfully, the damage wasn't too severe. My knee and hands just had some minor scrapes, but my toes took the brunt of the fall. The hostel, unfortunately, didn't have a first-aid kit, but a kind fellow traveler from Egypt came to the rescue with some antiseptic fluid. Huge thanks to him for that!
Since the accident, I've been keeping the wounds open to the air, but today I noticed some signs of infection. So, I ventured out to a larger pharmacy to pick up some supplies and some disinfectant spray. Hopefully, this will help clear things up.
On a brighter note, the hostel has a fantastic rooftop bar and restaurant with Wi-Fi, which has become my hangout spot for the past few days. The view isn't too bad either!
Lesson Learned: Always take your flashlight out of your bag when it's dark outside, no matter how confident you feel. A little extra caution can go a long way in preventing accidents. From now on, my flashlight is coming out of my bag at dusk – no exceptions!
In the picture, you'll see my temporary workspace. I've spared you the close-up of my toes – trust me, it's not pretty!
Thanks for reading everyone, and have a great day!
Online
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@ 0e8c41eb:95ff0faa
2024-07-08 14:36:14
Chef's notes
Sprinkle a pinch of salt in a bowl. Sift 275 grams of flour above it. Make a well in the center of the flour and sprinkle the yeast into it. Add 50 grams of butter, 25 grams of sugar, and the egg. Pour in the milk and knead the dough with the mixer or by hand into a smooth dough. If necessary, add a bit more flour if the dough is too sticky. Form the dough into a ball. Let the dough rise covered with cling film at room temperature for 1 hour.
Peel the apples. Cut the apples and apricots into pieces. Cook the fruit with 150 grams of sugar and 50 ml of water in 15 minutes into a thick compote. Let this fruit filling cool.
Knead the dough again briefly and roll it out to a round sheet of about 28-30 cm in diameter, so that it fits well over the baking tin. Press the dough into the tin and press it well into the corners. Let the dough rise again for 10 minutes and cut off the excess edges.
Spread the fruit filling over the dough.
Mix the rest of the flour with the remaining 100 grams of butter and 100 grams of sugar and knead it with your fingers into a crumbly mixture. Sprinkle this crumble mixture over the fruit filling. Bake the tart in the preheated oven at 200°C for about 30 minutes until golden brown.
Variations: Only apple? Make this tart with 1 kilo of apples. High or low? You can also bake the crumble tart in a low tart tin of 30 cm diameter. If the fruit filling is a bit too voluminous, you can make double the crumble mixture and sprinkle it over the larger surface area.
Additional needs: Mixer with dough hooks or food processor Cling film Round baking tin with a diameter of 28-30 cm, greased
Details
- ⏲️ Prep time: 45 min + 1 hour Rising
- 🍳 Cook time: 30 minutes
- 🍽️ Servings: 8
Ingredients
- 375 grams flour
- 1 packet dried yeast (7 grams)
- 125 grams unsalted butter, at room temperature
- 275 grams sugar
- 1 egg
- 100 ml milk, at room temperature
- 500 grams apples
- 500 grams apricots (fresh or from a can)
Directions
- Sprinkle a pinch of salt in a bowl. Sift 275 grams of flour above it. Make a well in the center of the flour and sprinkle the yeast into it. Add 50 grams of butter, 25 grams of sugar, and the egg. Pour in the milk and knead the dough with the mixer or by hand into a smooth dough. If necessary, add a bit more flour if the dough is too sticky. Form the dough into a ball. Let the dough rise covered with cling film at room temperature for 1 hour.
- Peel the apples. Cut the apples and apricots into pieces. Cook the fruit with 150 grams of sugar and 50 ml of water in 15 minutes into a thick compote. Let this fruit filling cool.
- Knead the dough again briefly and roll it out to a round sheet of about 28-30 cm in diameter, so that it fits well over the baking tin. Press the dough into the tin and press it well into the corners. Let the dough rise again for 10 minutes and cut off the excess edges.
- Spread the fruit filling over the dough.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2024-07-08 12:14:09
Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/599828/r/Undisciplined
I had no idea SN was already discussing higher posting/comment fees two years ago. For the newer folks, it used to just be 1 sat to post anything.
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July 8, 2023 📅
📝
TOP POSTAnita Posch Has Good News About Africa
Excerpt
It’s amazing to see how the Bitcoin adoption has been growing in African countries. There was only one initiative I knew of in 2020, when I visited Zimbabwe and Botswana. That was the Satoshicentre in Gaborone founded by Alakanani Itireleng. Together we organized a meetup at the university, where I held a Bitcoin talk. Now there are communities like the Bitcoin Cowries in Ghana, Bitcoin Dada in Kenya, Bitcoin for Fairness in Zambia, Bitcoin Ekasi and Bitcoin Ubuntu in South Africa and the new Bitcoin Innovation Hub in Uganda. In the next few years we’ll see tremendous growth. Exciting!
1801 sats \ 21 comments \ @siggy47 \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/205973/r/Undisciplined?commentId=205977
Excerpt
this is how it be
685 sats \ 2 replies \ @birdeye21
From Are You a Bitcoin Advocate or a Underground Bitcoiner by @tomlaies in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER2nd place @03365d6a53 (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47)
481 stacked \ 1830 spent \ 0 posts \ 20 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
30.3k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 35.2k spent \ 86 posts \ 226 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 8, 2022 📅
📝
TOP POSTGloria Zhao is now a Bitcoin Core maintainer
Link to https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/25524
2137 sats \ 11 comments \ @k00b \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/42602/r/Undisciplined?commentId=42634
Excerpt
I think raising posting/comment fees to reduce bad content is reasonable. 10 sats seems like a good starting point.
A cool side-effect is that by raising posting and comment fees, Stacker News will also have far more sats to give back to the best us […]
282 sats \ 3 replies \ @kr
From More and more reddit posts referencing stacker.news - increase ⚡️ cost for posts/comments? by @vijo in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKER1st place @k00b
21.6k stacked \ 9265 spent \ 5 posts \ 20 comments \ 0 referrals
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
13.8k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 16.3k spent \ 96 posts \ 220 comments
https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng
July 8, 2021 📅
📝
TOP POSTCasa client case study: the Tinder trap
Link to https://blog.keys.casa/casa-client-case-study-the-tinder-trap/
2 sats \ 3 comments \ @k00b \ ~bitcoin
💬
TOP COMMENThttps://stacker.news/items/231/r/Undisciplined?commentId=232
Excerpt
Kevin Mulcrone has a twitter thread on the release and explains how his bitcoin based license works https://twitter.com/KayBeSee/status/1413162687379296256. […]
1 sat \ 0 replies \ @k00b
From Lily Wallet: A Slick Open Source Wallet with a Bitcoin Business Model by @k00b in ~bitcoin
🏆
TOP STACKERNo top stacker
🗺️
TOP TERRITORY~bitcoin
everything bitcoin related
founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023
7 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 17 spent \ 3 posts \ 3 comments
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/600906
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@ cec2981c:814d4f26
2024-07-08 11:50:32
Chef's notes
More information about its origins: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_bread
Details
- ⏲️ Prep time: 10 min
- 🍳 Cook time: 45 min
- 🍽️ Servings: 4-8
Ingredients
- 500 gr whole grain flour
- 450 ml butter milk
- 10 gr (sea)salt
- 15 gr baking soda (not US's "baking powder") (also known as sodium bicarbonate)
- a bit of butter or olive oil
Directions
- Pre-heat the oven to 220°C
- Put all flour in a bowl with baking soda and salt. Mix it well.
- Create a hole in the middle and pour all butter milk in the center.
- Stir it from the centre and slowly mixing all together until you get a dough.
- When mixed, the dough is sticky. Use all purpose flour on counter and bulge to the same size as your skillet.
- Use a bit of butter or olive oil to wet the skillet to prevent sticky bread. And put the dough in your skillet.
- Add a but of flour on top of the dough and then cut lightly a X.
- Bake for ±45 min on 220°C until done (inside temperature must be at least 95°C). Turn up the heat for the last 5 min to get a crust.
- Let the bread cool down a bit before taking it out the skillet, and let it cool down even more before eating.
- Donate some sats to me if you like this recipe.
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@ c11cf5f8:4928464d
2024-07-08 11:07:29
Here we are again with our Magnificent Seven, trying to give you a hit of what you missed lately in the ~AGORA territory.
In case you missed
Look's like conversations are taking over! Here some interesting ones:
- https://stacker.news/items/597538/r/AG How to respond to illicit & immoral Payment Requests & Notices of Prosecution? by @supratic
- https://stacker.news/items/575922/r/AG Fight the sockpuppets with a "sockpuppets business" by @DarthCoin
Top-Performing Ads
01[FOR SALE] Nashville Conference ticket for sale! $400 or Best Offfer! by @BlokchainB02[FOR SALE] Precious Metals/.999 Fine Silver 🔥 Sats Negotiable!!! 👊 by @watchmancbiz03[SELL] Antique Gold & Diamond Cross Pendant, Make an Offer in SATS Today!! by @watchmancbiz04🔥 Silver & Gold are about to EXPLODE 💥 by @watchmancbiz05🔥FOR SALE by Owner! Accepting SATS! Make an Offer I can't refuse 😉 by @watchmancbiz06[WTS] 2024 Nashville Bitcoin Conference ticket ($269) by @lv99slacker07[⚖️ SELL] Business Loans by @herschel
Create your Ads now!
- [⚖️ SELL] anything! or,
- if you're looking for something, hit the [🛒 BUY]!
- [🧑💻 HIRE] any bitcoiner skill or stuff from bitcoiners
- [🖇 OFFER] any product or service and stack more sats
- [🧑⚖️ AUCTION] to let stackers decide a fair price for your item
- [🤝 SWAP] if you're looking to exchange anything with anything else
- [🆓 FREE] your space, make a gift!
- [⭐ REVIEW] any bitcoin product or LN service you recently bought or subscribed to
Or contact @AGORA team on nostr DM and we can help you publish a personalized post.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/600789
