@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/906261

@ d360efec:14907b5f

Bitcoin (BTC) เผชิญกับการปรับฐานอย่างรุนแรงในวันที่ 7 มีนาคม 2568 หลังจากที่ราคาพุ่งขึ้นทำจุดสูงสุดใหม่ (All-Time High) อย่างต่อเนื่อง บทวิเคราะห์นี้จะเจาะลึกถึงสถานการณ์ปัจจุบันของ BTC โดยใช้การวิเคราะห์ทางเทคนิคจากหลาย Timeframe (15m, 4H, Day) พร้อมทั้งพิจารณาอินดิเคเตอร์สำคัญต่างๆ เพื่อประเมินแนวโน้มและกลยุทธ์การเทรดที่เหมาะสม **การวิเคราะห์ทางเทคนิค:** * **Timeframe 15 นาที (15m):** * เกิดการร่วงลงของราคาอย่างรุนแรง (Sell-Off) ทะลุแนวรับสำคัญหลายระดับ * EMA 50 ตัด EMA 200 ลงมา (Death Cross) เป็นสัญญาณ Bearish ที่ชัดเจน * Money Flow เป็นลบอย่างมาก * Trend Strength เป็นเมฆสีแดงหนาแน่น (แนวโน้มขาลงแข็งแกร่ง) * *สรุป: แนวโน้มขาลงระยะสั้นชัดเจน* * **Timeframe 4 ชั่วโมง (4H):** * ราคาหลุดกรอบ Consolidation และ EMA 50 * EMA 50 ตัด EMA 200 ลงมา (Death Cross) ยืนยันสัญญาณ Bearish ระยะกลาง * Money Flow เป็นลบ * Trend Strength เป็นเมฆสีแดง * แนวรับสำคัญอยู่ที่ EMA 200 (ประมาณ $60,000) และ $58,000 * *สรุป: ยืนยันการปรับฐานระยะกลาง* * **Timeframe Day (Day):** * ราคายังคงอยู่เหนือ EMA 50 และ EMA 200 *โครงสร้างขาขึ้นหลักยังไม่เสีย* * Money Flow ยังคงเป็นบวก (แม้จะเริ่มลดลง) * Trend Strength เมฆสีเขียวยังคงอยู่ (แต่เริ่มบางลง) * แนวรับสำคัญอยู่ที่ $60,000 (Low ก่อนหน้า) และ $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 และ Demand Zone) * *สรุป: แนวโน้มระยะยาวยังเป็นขาขึ้น แต่เริ่มมีสัญญาณอ่อนแรง* **Buyside & Sellside Liquidity (สรุปจากทุก TF):** * **Buyside Liquidity (แนวต้าน):** $68,000-$69,000 (แนวต้านที่แข็งแกร่งในระยะสั้น), $72,000, $75,000 (เป้าหมายระยะยาว หากกลับเป็นขาขึ้น) * **Sellside Liquidity (แนวรับ):** $60,000 (แนวรับสำคัญทางจิตวิทยา และ EMA 200 ใน TF 4H, Low ก่อนหน้าใน TF Day), $58,000 (Demand Zone ใน TF 4H), $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 และ Demand Zone ใน TF Day) **กลยุทธ์การเทรด:** * **Day Trade (15m):** *ความเสี่ยงสูงมาก* ไม่แนะนำให้ Buy เน้น Short Sell เมื่อราคา Rebound ขึ้นไปทดสอบแนวต้าน (EMA หรือบริเวณ $68,000-$69,000) และมีสัญญาณ Bearish *แต่ต้องระมัดระวังอย่างยิ่ง* เพราะขัดแย้งกับแนวโน้มหลักระยะยาว ตั้ง Stop Loss เหนือ Swing High * **Swing Trade (4H):** *ไม่แนะนำให้ Buy ตอนนี้* รอสัญญาณกลับตัวที่ชัดเจนกว่านี้ บริเวณแนวรับ EMA 200 ($60,000) หรือ $58,000 หากมีสัญญาณ Bullish ที่แนวรับเหล่านี้ ถึงจะพิจารณาเข้า Buy โดยตั้ง Stop Loss ต่ำกว่าแนวรับ * **Position Trade (Day):** รอจังหวะที่แนวรับสำคัญ ($60,000 หรือ $50,000-$52,000) หรือรอสัญญาณกลับตัวที่ชัดเจน **สิ่งที่ต้องระวัง:** * ความผันผวนของราคา BTC ที่สูงมากในช่วงนี้ * ข่าวหรือเหตุการณ์ที่อาจส่งผลกระทบต่อตลาด * False Breakout และ Dead Cat Bounce (การ Rebound สั้นๆ ก่อนลงต่อ) * การสวน Trend มีความเสี่ยงสูงมาก **สรุป:** Bitcoin กำลังเผชิญกับการปรับฐานครั้งสำคัญ หลังจากที่ราคาพุ่งขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง แนวโน้มระยะสั้น (15m) เป็นขาลงอย่างชัดเจน, ระยะกลาง (4H) ยืนยันการปรับฐาน, ส่วนระยะยาว (Day) ยังคงเป็นขาขึ้นแต่เริ่มอ่อนแรง นักลงทุนควรใช้ความระมัดระวังอย่างสูงในการเทรด Day Trader อาจพิจารณา Short Sell เมื่อมีสัญญาณ, Swing Trader ควรรอสัญญาณกลับตัวที่แนวรับ, ส่วน Position Trader ควรรอจังหวะที่แนวรับสำคัญ **Disclaimer:** การวิเคราะห์นี้เป็นเพียงความคิดเห็นส่วนตัว ไม่ถือเป็นคำแนะนำในการลงทุน ผู้ลงทุนควรศึกษาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมและตัดสินใจด้วยความรอบคอบ

@ d360efec:14907b5f

$OKX: $BTC $USDT.P **Introduction:** Bitcoin (BTC) faced a sharp correction on March 7, 2025, after a continuous rally to new all-time highs. This analysis delves into the current situation of BTC using technical analysis from multiple timeframes (15m, 4H, Day), considering various key indicators to assess the trend and appropriate trading strategies. **Technical Analysis:** * **15-Minute Timeframe (15m):** * Experienced a sharp price drop (Sell-Off), breaking through several key support levels. * EMA 50 crossed below EMA 200 (Death Cross), a clear Bearish signal. * Money Flow is strongly negative. * Trend Strength is a thick red cloud (strong downtrend). * *Conclusion: Clear short-term downtrend.* * **4-Hour Timeframe (4H):** * Price broke out of the consolidation range and below EMA 50. * EMA 50 crossed below EMA 200 (Death Cross), confirming a medium-term Bearish signal. * Money Flow is negative. * Trend Strength is a red cloud. * Key support is at EMA 200 (around $60,000) and $58,000. * *Conclusion: Confirms the medium-term correction.* * **Daily Timeframe (Day):** * The price remains above EMA 50 and EMA 200. *The main uptrend structure is still intact.* * Money Flow remains positive (although starting to decrease). * Trend Strength: The green cloud is still present (but starting to thin). * Key support is at $60,000 (previous Low) and $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 and Demand Zone). * *Conclusion: The long-term trend is still uptrend, but signs of weakness are starting to appear.* **Buyside & Sellside Liquidity (Summary from all TFs):** * **Buyside Liquidity (Resistance):** $68,000-$69,000 (strong resistance in the short term), $72,000, $75,000 (long-term targets if it turns bullish again). * **Sellside Liquidity (Support):** $60,000 (key psychological support and EMA 200 on 4H TF, previous Low on Day TF), $58,000 (Demand Zone on 4H TF), $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 and Demand Zone on Day TF). **Trading Strategies:** * **Day Trade (15m):** *Very high risk.* Do not recommend Buy. Focus on Short Selling when the price rebounds to test resistance (EMA or the $68,000-$69,000 area) and there are Bearish signals. *But be extremely careful* as it contradicts the main long-term trend. Set a Stop Loss above the Swing High. * **Swing Trade (4H):** *Do not Buy now.* Wait for clearer reversal signals around the EMA 200 support ($60,000) or $58,000. If there are Bullish signals at these supports, then consider entering a Buy with a Stop Loss below the support. * **Position Trade (Day):** Wait for opportunities at key support levels ($60,000 or $50,000-$52,000) or wait for clear reversal signals. **Things to Watch Out For:** * Very high volatility of BTC price during this period. * News or events that may affect the market. * False Breakouts and Dead Cat Bounces (short rebounds before continuing to fall). * Going against the trend is very high risk. **Summary:** Bitcoin is facing a significant correction after a continuous rally. The short-term trend (15m) is clearly bearish, the medium-term (4H) confirms the correction, while the long-term (Day) is still bullish but starting to weaken. Investors should be extremely cautious in trading. Day traders may consider Short Selling on signal, Swing traders should wait for reversal signals at support, and Position traders should wait for opportunities at key support levels. **Disclaimer:** This analysis is a personal opinion and not investment advice. Investors should do their own research and make decisions carefully.

@ c48e29f0:26e14c11

[ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STRATEGIC BITCOIN RESERVE AND UNITED STATES DIGITAL ASSET STOCKPILE](https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/establishment-of-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserveand-united-states-digital-asset-stockpile/) EXECUTIVE ORDER March 6, 2025 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered: #### Section 1. Background. Bitcoin is the original cryptocurrency. The Bitcoin protocol permanently caps the total supply of bitcoin (BTC) at 21 million coins, and has never been hacked. As a result of its scarcity and security, Bitcoin is often referred to as “digital gold”. Because there is a fixed supply of BTC, there is a strategic advantage to being among the first nations to create a strategic bitcoin reserve. The United States Government currently holds a significant amount of BTC, but has not implemented a policy to maximize BTC’s strategic position as a unique store of value in the global financial system. Just as it is in our country’s interest to thoughtfully manage national ownership and control of any other resource, our Nation must harness, not limit, the power of digital assets for our prosperity. #### Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the United States to establish a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. It is further the policy of the United States to establish a United States Digital Asset Stockpile that can serve as a secure account for orderly and strategic management of the United States’ other digital asset holdings. #### Sec. 3. Creation and Administration of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish an office to administer and maintain control of custodial accounts collectively known as the “Strategic Bitcoin Reserve,” capitalized with all BTC held by the Department of the Treasury that was finally forfeited as part of criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings or in satisfaction of any civil money penalty imposed by any executive department or agency (agency) and that is not needed to satisfy requirements under 31 U.S.C. 9705 or released pursuant to subsection (d) of this section (Government BTC). Within 30 days of the date of this order, each agency shall review its authorities to transfer any Government BTC held by it to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and shall submit a report reflecting the result of that review to the Secretary of the Treasury. Government BTC deposited into the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve shall not be sold and shall be maintained as reserve assets of the United States utilized to meet governmental objectives in accordance with applicable law. (b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish an office to administer and maintain control of custodial accounts collectively known as the “United States Digital Asset Stockpile,” capitalized with all digital assets owned by the Department of the Treasury, other than BTC, that were finally forfeited as part of criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings and that are not needed to satisfy requirements under 31 U.S.C. 9705 or released pursuant to subsection (d) of this section (Stockpile Assets). Within 30 days of the date of this order, each agency shall review its authorities to transfer any Stockpile Assets held by it to the United States Digital Asset Stockpile and shall submit a report reflecting the result of that review to the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury shall determine strategies for responsible stewardship of the United States Digital Asset Stockpile in accordance with applicable law. (c) The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce shall develop strategies for acquiring additional Government BTC provided that such strategies are budget neutral and do not impose incremental costs on United States taxpayers. However, the United States Government shall not acquire additional Stockpile Assets other than in connection with criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings or in satisfaction of any civil money penalty imposed by any agency without further executive or legislative action. (d) “Government Digital Assets” means all Government BTC and all Stockpile Assets. The head of each agency shall not sell or otherwise dispose of any Government Digital Assets, except in connection with the Secretary of the Treasury’s exercise of his lawful authority and responsible stewardship of the United States Digital Asset Stockpile pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, or pursuant to an order from a court of competent jurisdiction, as required by law, or in cases where the Attorney General or other relevant agency head determines that the Government Digital Assets (or the proceeds from the sale or disposition thereof) can and should: (i) be returned to identifiable and verifiable victims of crime; (ii) be used for law enforcement operations; (iii) be equitably shared with State and local law enforcement partners; or (iv) be released to satisfy requirements under 31 U.S.C. 9705, 28 U.S.C. 524(c), 18 U.S.C. 981, or 21 U.S.C. 881. (e) Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Treasury shall deliver an evaluation of the legal and investment considerations for establishing and managing the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile going forward, including the accounts in which the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile should be located and the need for any legislation to operationalize any aspect of this order or the proper management and administration of such accounts. #### Sec. 4. Accounting. Within 30 days of the date of this order, the head of each agency shall provide the Secretary of the Treasury and the President’s Working Group on Digital Asset Markets with a full accounting of all Government Digital Assets in such agency’s possession, including any information regarding the custodial accounts in which such Government Digital Assets are currently held that would be necessary to facilitate a transfer of the Government Digital Assets to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve or the United States Digital Asset Stockpile. If such agency holds no Government Digital Assets, such agency shall confirm such fact to the Secretary of the Treasury and the President’s Working Group on Digital Asset Markets within 30 days of the date of this order. #### Sec. 5. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. THE WHITE HOUSE, March 6, 2025

@ 49814c0f:72d54ea1

Fiber is a Lightning-compatible peer-to-peer payment and swap network built on CKB, the base layer of [Nervos Network](https://www.nervos.org/). Fiber is designed to enable fast, secure, and efficient off-chain payment solutions, particularly for **micropayments** and **high-frequency** transactions. Inspired by Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, Fiber leverages CKB’s unique architecture and offers the following key features: - **Multi-Asset Support**: Fiber is not limited to a single currency; it supports transactions involving multiple assets, paving the way for complex cross-chain financial applications. - **Cross-Chain Interoperability**: Fiber is natively designed to interact with Lightning Networks on other UTXO-based blockchains (such as Bitcoin), improving cross-chain asset liquidity and network compatibility. - **Flexible State Management**: Thanks to CKB’s Cell model, Fiber efficiently manages channel states, reducing the complexity of off-chain interactions. - **Programmability**: Built on CKB’s Turing-complete smart contracts architecture, Fiber enables more complex conditional execution and transaction rules, extending the use cases of payment channels. This article presents a **source code-level** exploration of Fiber's architecture, key modules, as well as an overview of its future development plans. ## **Prerequisites** - **Rust and Actor Framework**: Fiber is entirely implemented in Rust and follows the [Actor Model](https://github.com/slawlor/ractor) programming paradigm. It relies on the community-maintained [slawlor/ractor](https://github.com/slawlor/ractor) framework. - **Lightning Network**: Fiber follows the core principles of Lightning Network. Resources such as [*Mastering the Lightning Network*](https://github.com/lnbook/lnbook) and [BOLTs](https://github.com/lightning/bolts) are highly recommended for understanding the concepts. - **CKB Transactions and Contracts**: Fiber interacts with CKB nodes via RPC, making a solid understanding of [CKB contract](https://docs.nervos.org/docs/script/intro-to-script) development essential. ## Key Modules At a high level, a Fiber node consists of several key modules:  ### Overview - **Network Actor:** Facilitates communication between nodes and channels, managing both internal and external messages along with related management operations. - **Network Graph**: Maintains a node’s view of the entire network, storing data on all nodes and channels while dynamically updating through gossip messages. When receiving a payment request, a node uses the network graph to find a route to the recipient. - **PaymentSession**: Manages the lifecycle of a payment. - [**fiber-sphinx**](https://github.com/cryptape/fiber-sphinx) : A Rust library for [Onion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing) packet encryption and decryption. In Fiber, this ensures sensitive payment details are hidden from intermediate nodes, enhancing security and anonymity. - **Gossip**: A protocol for sharing channel/node information, facilitating payment path discovery and updates. - **Watchtower**: Monitors channels for fraudulent transactions. If a peer submits an outdated commitment transaction, the watchtower issues a revocation transaction as a penalty. - **Cross Hub**: Enables cross-chain interoperability. For example, a payer can send Bitcoin through the Lightning Network, while the recipient receives CKB. The cross hub handles the conversion, mapping Bitcoin payments and invoices to Fiber’s system. - [**Fiber-Scripts**](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber-scripts/tree/main): A separate repository containing two main contracts: - [**Funding Lock**](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber-scripts/tree/main/contracts/funding-lock): A contract for locking funds, utilizing the `ckb-auth` library to implement a 2-of-2 multi-signature scheme for channel funding. - [**Commitment Lock**](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber-scripts/tree/main/contracts/commitment-lock): Implements the [Daric](https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/1295) protocol as Fiber’s penalty mechanism to achieve optimal storage and bounded closure. ### Efficient Channel Management with the Actor Model The Lightning Network is essentially a peer-to-peer (P2P) system, where nodes communicate via network messages, updating internal states accordingly. The Actor Model aligns well with this setup:  One potential concern with the Actor Model is its **memory footprint** and **runtime efficiency**. We conducted a [performance test](https://github.com/contrun/ractor/blob/a74cc0f6f9e2b4699991fc9902f10a59f06e4ed8/ractor/examples/bench_memory_usage.rs), showing that 0.9 GB of memory can support 100,000 actors (each with a 1 KB state), processing 100 messages per actor within 10 seconds—demonstrating acceptable performance. Unlike `rust-lightning`, which relies on complex [locking mechanisms](https://github.com/lightningdevkit/rust-lightning/blob/b8b1ef3149f26992625a03d45c0307bfad70e8bd/lightning/src/ln/channelmanager.rs#L1167) to maintain data consistency, Fiber’s Actor Model simplifies implementation by eliminating the need for locks to protect data updates. Messages are processed sequentially in an actor’s message queue. When a message handler completes its tasks, the updated [channel state is written to the database](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/81014d36502b76e2637dfa414b5a3ee494942c41/src/fiber/channel.rs#L2276), streamlining the persistence process. Almost all modules in Fiber use the Actor Model. The [Network Actor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L694-L789) handles communication both within and across nodes. For example, if Node A wants to send an "Open Channel" message to Node B, the process follows these steps: 1. The `Channel Actor` in Node A (`Actor 0` in this case) sends the message to the `Network Actor` in Node B. 2. The `Network Actor` transmits the message using [Tentacle](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/tentacle/tree/master), a lower-level networking layer. 3. The `Network Actor` in Node B receives the message and forwards it to the corresponding `Channel Actor`(`Actor 0/1/…/n`).  For each new channel, Fiber creates a corresponding [ChannelActor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L301-L308), where the `ChannelActorState` maintains all the necessary data for the channel. Another major advantage of the Actor Model is its ability to map **HTLC (Hash Time-Locked Contracts)**-related operations directly to specific functions. For example, in the process of forwarding an HTLC across multiple nodes: - Node A’s `Actor 0` handles the `AddTlc` operation via [handle_add_tlc_command](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L1251). - Node B’s `Actor 1` handles the corresponding peer message via [handle_add_tlc_peer_message](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L1069).  The **HTLC management** within channels is one of the most complex aspects of the Lightning Network, primarily due to the dependency of channel state changes on peer interactions. Both sides of a channel can have simultaneous HTLC operations. Fiber adopts `rust-lightning`’s approach of using a [state machine to track HTLC states](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L2463-L2496), where state transitions occur based on `commitment_sign` and `revoke_and_ack` messages. The `AddTlc` operation and state transitions for both peers are as follows:  ### Optimized Payment Processing and Multi-Hop Routing Each Fiber node maintains a representation of the network through a **Network Grap**, essentially a **bidirectional directed graph**, where: - Each **Fiber node** represents a **vertex**. - Each **channel** represents an **edge**. For privacy reasons, the actual balance partition of a channel is not broadcasted across the network. Instead, the edge weight represents the channel capacity. Before initiating a payment, the sender performs pathfinding to discover a route to the recipient. If multiple paths available, the sender must determine the optimal one by considering various factors. Finding the best path in a graph with incomplete information is a complex engineering challenge. A detailed discussion of this issue can be found in *[Mastering Lightning Network](https://github.com/lnbook/lnbook/blob/develop/12_path_finding.asciidoc#pathfinding-what-problem-are-we-solving)*.  In Fiber, users initiate payments via [RPC requests](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/rpc/payment.rs#L171-L209). When a node receives a payment request, it creates a corresponding [PaymentSession](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1866-L1871) to track the payment lifecycle. The quality of pathfinding directly impacts network efficiency and payment success rates. Currently, Fiber uses a variant of [Dijkstra’s algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm). The implementation can be found [here](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/graph.rs#L914-L925). However, unlike the standard Dijkstra algorithm, Fiber’s routing expands **backward from the target** toward the source. During the search, the algorithm considers multiple factors: - Payment success probability - Transaction fee - HTLC lock time Routes are ranked by computing a [distance metric](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/graph.rs#L1110). **Probability estimation** is derived from past payment results and analysis, implemented in the [eval_probability module](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/history.rs#L481-L506). Once the path is determined, the next step is to [construct an Onion Packet](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1634-L1656). Then the source node sends an [AddTlcCommand](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1657-L1667) to start the payment. The payment status will be updated asynchronously. Whether the HTLC succeeds or fails, the network actor processes the result [via event notifications](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/b5c38a800e94aaa368a4c8a8699f5db0c08ecfbd/src/fiber/network.rs#L1501-L1507). ### Reliable Payment Retries and Failure Handling Payments in Fiber may require **multiple retries** due to various factors, with a common failure scenario being: - The **channel capacity** used in the Network Graph is an **upper bound**. - The actual **available liquidity** might be **insufficient** to complete the payment. When a payment fails due to liquidity constraints: - The system **returns an error** and **updates** the **Network Graph**. - The node **automatically initiates** [a new pathfinding attempt](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1767-L1772). This **dynamic retry mechanism** ensures that payments have a **higher chance of success** despite fluctuating network conditions. ### Peer Broadcasting with Gossip Protocol Fiber nodes exchange information about **new nodes** and **channels** by broadcasting messages. The [Gossip module](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/gossip.rs#L293-L331) implements the [routing gossip protocol defined in BOLTs 7](https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/07-routing-gossip.md). The key technical decisions were documented in the PR: [Refactor gossip protocol](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/pull/308). When a node starts for the first time, it connects to its initial peers using addresses specified in the configuration file under [`bootnode_addrs`](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L3169-L3174). Fiber supports three types of broadcast messages: - `NodeAnnouncement` - `ChannelAnnouncement` - `ChannelUpdate` The raw broadcast data received is stored in the [storage module](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/store/store.rs#L482-L711), allowing messages to be efficiently indexed using a combination of `timestamp + message_id`. This enables quicker responses to query requests from peer nodes. When a node starts, the Graph module loads all stored messages using [load_from_store](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/graph.rs#L361) to rebuild its network graph. Fiber propagates gossip messages using a subscription-based model. 1. A node actively sends a broadcast message filter (`BroadcastMessagesFilter`) to a peer. 2. When the peer receives this filter, it creates a corresponding [PeerFilterActor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/gossip.rs#L599-L614), which subscribes to gossip messages. This subscription model allows nodes to efficiently receive newly stored gossip messages after a specific cursor, enabling them to dynamically update their network graph, because the network graph also subscribes to gossip messages. The logic for retrieving these messages is implemented in [this section](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/gossip.rs#L1027-L1049). ### Enhancing Privacy with Onion Encryption & Decryption For privacy and security consideration, payments’ TLC is propagated across multiple nodes using Onion encryption. Each node only accesses the minimal necessary details, such as: - The amount of the received TLC - The expiry of the TLC - The next node in the payment route This approach ensures that a node cannot access other sensitive details, including the total length of the payment route. The payment sender encrypts the payment details using onion encryption, and each hop must obfuscate the information before forwarding the TLC to the next node. In case of an error occurs at any hop during payment forwarding, the affected node sends back an error message along the reverse route to the sender. This error message is also onion-encrypted, ensuring that intermediate nodes cannot decipher its content—only the sender can decrypt it. We examined the [onion packet implementation](https://github.com/lightningdevkit/rust-lightning/blob/master/lightning/src/ln/onion_utils.rs) in rust-lightning and found it to be tightly coupled with rust-lightning’s internal data structures, limiting its generalization. Therefore, we built [fiber-sphinx](https://github.com/cryptape/fiber-sphinx/blob/develop/docs/spec.md) from scratch. For more details, refer to the project spec and the [developer’s presentation slides](https://link.excalidraw.com/p/readonly/C6mOdLUnx0PkGWHwrnQs). The key Onion Encryption & Decryption steps in Fiber include: - **Creating the Onion Packet for Sending Payments** Before sending a payment, the sender [creates an onion packet](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1640-L1666), included in the `AddTlcCommand` sent to the first node in the payment route. - **Onion Decryption at Each Hop** - When a node in the payment route receives a TLC, it [decrypts one layer](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L920-L937) of the onion packet, similar to peeling an onion. - If the node is the final recipient, it processes the payment settlement logic. - If the node is not the recipient, it continues processing the TLC and then [forwards the remaining onion packet](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L1037-L1064) to the next hop. - **Generating an Onion Packet for Error Messages** If an error occurs during TLC forwarding, the node [creates a new onion packet containing the error message](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L774-L797) and sends it back to the previous node. - **Decrypting Error Messages at the Payment Sender** When the sender receives a TLC fail event, it [decrypts the onion packet containing the error](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1518-L1527). Based on the error details, the sender can decide whether to resend and update the network graph accordingly.  ### Preventing Channels from Fraud via Watchtower Watchtower is an important security mechanism in the Lightning Network, primarily used to protect offline users from potential fund theft. It maintains fairness and security by real-time monitoring on-chain transactions and executing penalty transactions when violations are detected. Fiber's watchtower implementation is in the [WatchtowerActor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/b5c38a800e94aaa368a4c8a8699f5db0c08ecfbd/src/watchtower/actor.rs#L73-L124). This actor listens for key events in the Fiber node. For example： - When a new channel is created, it receives a `RemoteTxComplete` event, while the watchtower inserts a corresponding record into the database to start monitoring this channel. - When the channel is closed through upon mutual agreement, it receives a `ChannelClosed` event, while the watchtower removes the corresponding record from the database. During **TLC interaction**s in the channel, the watchtower receives `RemoteCommitmentSigned` and `RevokeAndAckReceived` events, updating the `revocation_data` and `settlement_data` stored in the database respectively. These fields will be used later to create revocation and settlement transactions. Watchtower's **penalty mechanism** ensures that old commitment transactions are not used in a on-chain transaction by [comparing the `commitment_number`](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/b5c38a800e94aaa368a4c8a8699f5db0c08ecfbd/src/watchtower/actor.rs#L266). If a violation is detected, the watchtower constructs a **revocation transaction** and submits it on-chain to penalize the offender. Otherwise, it constructs and sends a **settlement transaction**. ## **Other Technical Decisions** - **Storage**: We use RocksDB as the storage layer, leveraging its scheme-less storage design to simplify encoding and decoding structs with `serde`. Data migration remains a challenge, which we address by [this standalone program](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/develop/migrate/src/main.rs). - **Serialization**: Messages between nodes are serialized and deserialized using [Molecule](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/molecule), bringing efficiency, compatibility, and security advantages. It ensures determinism, meaning the same message serializes identically on all nodes, which is crucial for signature generation and verification. ## Future Prospects Fiber is still in the early stages of active development. Looking ahead, we plan to make further improvements in the following areas: - Fix unhandled corner cases to enhance overall robustness; - Improve the cross-chain hub (currently in the prototype verification stage) by introducing payment session functionality to make cross-chain transactions more user-friendly; - Refine the payment routing algorithm, potentially introducing multi-path feature and other path-finding strategies to accommodate diverse user preferences and needs; - Expand contract functionality, including version-based revocation mechanisms and more secure Point Time-Locked Contracts.

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

## Crypto Insights ### New Direction in Bitcoin’s Post-Quantum Security: Favoring a More Conservative Solution Bitcoin developer Hunter Beast introduced P2QRH (Pay to Quantum Resistant Hash), an output type, in the earlier proposal [BIP 360](https://github.com/cryptoquick/bips/blob/p2qrh/bip-0360.mediawiki). However, in a [recent post](https://groups.google.com/g/bitcoindev/c/oQKezDOc4us?pli=1), he indicated that BIP 360 is shifting to supporting algorithms like FALCON, which better facilitate signature aggregation, addressing challenges such as DDoS impact and multisig wallet management. He also emphasized the importance of NIST-certified algorithms for FIPS compliance. He proposed an interim solution called [P2TRH (Pay to Taproot Hash)](https://github.com/cryptoquick/bips/blob/p2trh/bip-p2trh.mediawiki), which enables Taproot key-path payments to mitigate quantum security risks. Notably, this new approach is not a fully quantum-safe solution using post-quantum cryptography. Instead, it is a conservative interim measure: delaying key disclosure until the time of spending, potentially reducing the attack surface from indefinitely exposing elliptic curve public keys on-chain. ### BIP 3: New Guidelines for Preparing and Submitting BIPs [BIP 3 Updated BIP Process](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/pull/1712) introduces new guidelines for preparing and submitting BIPs, including updated workflows, BIP formatting, and preamble rules. This update has been merged and replaces the previous [BIP 2](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/pull/bip-0002.mediawiki). ### Erlay Implementation in Bitcoin Core: Development Update Erlay is an alternative transaction relay method between nodes in Bitcoin’s P2P network, designed to reduce bandwidth usage when propagating transaction data. Bitcoin developer sr-gi summarized the progress of Erlay’s implementation in Bitcoin Core in [this article](https://delvingbitcoin.org/t/erlay-overview-and-current-approach/1415), covering Erlay’s overview, the current implementation approach, thought process, and some open questions. ### Dynamic Block Size, Hard Forks, and Sustainability: A Treatise on Bitcoin Block Space Economics Jameson Lopp examines Bitcoin’s block size debate in [this article](https://blog.lopp.net/treatise-bitcoin-block-space-economics/), arguing that while the controversy has subsided over the past seven years, the discussion remains relevant. Key takeaways include: * Simply asserting that the block size should never increase is "intellectually lazy". * The core in the block size debate is whether Bitcoin should optimize for **low cost of full system validation** or **low cost of transacting**. Bitcoin has chosen the former, so future discussions should focus on maximizing Bitcoin’s user base without disrupting system balance and game theory. * A **dynamic block size adjustment algorithm** could be explored, similar to the difficulty adjustment mechanism, where block size adapts over time based on block space usage and the fee market. * Any block size adjustment proposal should include a **long-term activation plan**—hard fork activation should be gradual to allow most node operators sufficient time to upgrade, reducing the risk of contentious forks. * To ensure a **sustainable block space market**, strategies such as increasing minimum transaction fees or adjusting block space allocation may be necessary—but without inflating the monetary supply. ### nAuth: A Decentralized Two Party Authentication and Secure Transmittal Protocol [nAut (or nauth)](https://github.com/trbouma/safebox/blob/nauth-refactor/docs/NAUTH-PROTOCOL.md) is a decentralized authentication and document-sharing protocol. By leveraging Nostr’s unique properties, it enables two parties to securely verify identities and exchange documents without relying on a third party—trusted or not. The motivation behind nAuth is the increasing distrust in intermediaries, which often intercept or reuse user data without consent, sometimes to train AI models or sell to advertisers. nAuth allows either party to initiate authentication, which is especially useful when one party is device-constrained (e.g., lacks a camera) and unable to scan a QR code or receive an SMS-based authentication. ### All Projects Created at Bitcoin++ Hackathon Floripa 2025 The developer-focused conference series Bitcoin++, recently held a hackathon in Florianópolis, Brazil. You can view the 26 projects developed during the event in the [project gallery](https://bitcoinplusplus.devpost.com/project-gallery). ### Bitkey Introduces Inheritance Feature: Designating Bitcoin Beneficiaries Without Sharing PINs or Seed Phrases Bitkey has launched an [inheritance feature](https://bitkey.build/inheritance-is-live-heres-how-it-works/) that allows users to designate Bitcoin beneficiaries without risking exposure of PINs or seed phrases during their lifetime or relying on third-party intermediaries. The feature includes a six-month security period, during which either the user or the designated beneficiary can cancel the inheritance process. After six months, Bitkey will forward the encrypted wrapping key and mobile key to the beneficiary. The beneficiary’s Bitkey app then decrypts the wrapping key using their private key, and subsequently the mobile key. This allows them to co-sign transactions using Bitkey’s servers and transfer the funds to their own Bitkey wallet. ### Metamask to Support Solana and Bitcoin In its [announcement](https://metamask.io/news/metamask-roadmap-2025) titled *Reimagining Self-Custody*, Metamask revealed plans to support Bitcoin in Q3 of this year, with native Solana support arriving in May. ### Key Factors Driving Bitcoin Adoption in 2025 Bitcoin investment platform River has released a [report](https://river.com/learn/files/river-bitcoin-adoption-report-2025.pdf?ref=blog.river.com) analyzing the key drivers of Bitcoin adoption, Bitcoin protocol evolution, custodial trends, and shifting government policies. Key insights include: * **Network Health**: The Bitcoin network has approximately 21,700 reachable nodes, with hash rate growing 55% in 2024 to 800 EH/s. * **A Unique Bull Market**: Unlike previous cycles, the current market surge is not fueled by global money supply growth (yet) or individuals, but by ETFs and corporate buyers. * **Ownership Distribution** (as of late 2024): * Individuals: 69.4% * Corporations: 4.4% * Funds & ETFs: 6.1% * Governments: 1.4%  * **Lightning Network Growth**: Transaction volume on Lightning increased by 266% in 2024, with fewer transactions overall but significantly higher value per transaction. * **Shifting Government Policies**: More nations are recognizing Bitcoin’s role, with some considering it as a strategic reserve asset. Further pro-Bitcoin policies are expected. The report concludes that Bitcoin adoption is currently at only 3% of its total potential, with institutional and national adoption expected to accelerate in the coming years. ## Top Reads Beyond Blockchain ### Beyond 51% Attacks: Precisely Characterizing Blockchain Achievable Resilience For consensus protocols, what exactly constitutes the "attackers with majority network control"? Is it [51%](https://www.coinbase.com/en-sg/learn/crypto-glossary/what-is-a-51-percent-attack-and-what-are-the-risks), [33%](https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-ethereum-51-percent-attacks-coin-metrics-research), or the 99% claimed by the Dolev–Strong protocol? Decades-old research suggests that the exact threshold depends on the reliability of the communication network connecting validators. If the network reliably transmits messages among honest validators within a short timeframe (call this "synchronous"), it can achieve greater resilience than in cases where the network is vulnerable to partitioning or delays ("partially synchronous"). However, [this paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1799) argues that this explanation is incomplete—the final outcome also depends on **client modeling** details. The study first defines who exactly "clients" are—not just validators participating directly in consensus, but also other roles such as wallet operators or chain monitors. Moreover, their behavior significantly impacts consensus results: Are they "always on" or "sleepy", "silent" or "communicating"? The research systematizes the models for consensus across four dimensions: * Sleepy vs. always-on clients * Silent vs. communicating clients * Sleepy vs. always-on validators * Synchrony vs. partial-synchrony Based on this classification, the paper systematically describes the achievable safety and liveness resilience with matching possibilities and impossibilities for each of the sixteen models, leading to new protocol designs and impossibility theorems. [Full paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1799): *Consensus Under Adversary Majority Done Right*  ### The Risks of Expressive Smart Contracts: Lessons from the Latest Ethereum Hack The Blockstream team highlights in [this report](https://blog.blockstream.com/the-risks-of-expressive-smart-contracts-lessons-from-the-latest-ethereum-hack/) that the new Bybit exploit in Ethereum smart contracts has reignited long-standing debates about the security trade-offs built into the Ethereum protocol. This incident has [drawn attention](https://cointelegraph.com/news/adam-back-evm-misdesign-root-cause-bybit-hack?utm_source=rss_feed&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss_partner_inbound) to the limitations of the EVM—especially its reliance on complex, stateful smart contracts for securing multisig wallets. The report examines: * **Systemic challenges in Ethereum’s design**: Lack of native multisig, Highly expressive scripting environment, Global key-value store * **Critical weaknesses of Ethereum’s multisig model** * **A Cautionary Note for expressive smart contracts** The key takeaway is that the more complex a scripting environment, the easier it is to introduce hidden security vulnerabilities. In contrast, Bitcoin's multisig solution is natively built into the protocol, significantly reducing the risk of severe failures due to coding errors. The report argues that as blockchain technology matures, **security must be a design priority, not an afterthought**. ### GitHub Scam Investigation: Thousands of Mods and Cracks Stealing User Data Despite GitHub’s anti-malware mechanisms, a significant number of malicious repositories persist. [This article](https://timsh.org/github-scam-investigation-thousands-of-mods-and-cracks-stealing-your-data/) investigates the widespread distribution of malware on GitHub, disguised as game mods and cracked software, to steal user data. The stolen data—such as crypto wallet keys, bank account, and social media credentials—is then collected and processed on a Discord server, where hundreds of individuals sift through it for valuable information. Key findings from the investigation include: * **Distribution method** The author discovered a detailed tutorial explaining how to create and distribute hundreds of malicious GitHub repositories. These repositories masquerade as popular game mods or cracked versions of software like Adobe Photoshop (see image below). The malware aims to collect user logs, including cookies, passwords, IP addresses, and sensitive files. * **How it works** A piece of malware called "Redox" runs unnoticed in the background, harvesting sensitive data and sending it to a Discord server. It also terminates certain applications (such as Telegram) to avoid detection and uploads files to anonymous file-sharing services like Anonfiles. By writing a script, the author identified 1,115 repositories generated using the tutorial and compiled the data into [this spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vTyQYoWah23kS0xvYR-Vtnrdxgihf9Ig4ZFY1MCyOWgh_UlPGsoKZQgbpUMTNChp9UQ3XIMehFd_c0u/pubhtml?ref=timsh.org#). Surprisingly, fewer than 10% of these repositories had open user complaints, with the rest appearing normal at first glance.

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

--- _A comprehensive system for archiving and managing large datasets efficiently on Linux._ --- ## **1. Planning Your Data Archiving Strategy** Before starting, define the structure of your archive: ✅ **What are you storing?** Books, PDFs, videos, software, research papers, backups, etc. ✅ **How often will you access the data?** Frequently accessed data should be on SSDs, while deep archives can remain on HDDs. ✅ **What organization method will you use?** Folder hierarchy and indexing are critical for retrieval. --- ## **2. Choosing the Right Storage Setup** Since you plan to use **2TB HDDs and store them away**, here are Linux-friendly storage solutions: ### **📀 Offline Storage: Hard Drives & Optical Media** ✔ **External HDDs (2TB each)** – Use `ext4` or `XFS` for best performance. ✔ **M-DISC Blu-rays (100GB per disc)** – Excellent for long-term storage. ✔ **SSD (for fast access archives)** – More durable than HDDs but pricier. ### **🛠 Best Practices for Hard Drive Storage on Linux** 🔹 **Use `smartctl` to monitor drive health** ```bash sudo apt install smartmontools sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdX ``` 🔹 **Store drives vertically in anti-static bags.** 🔹 **Rotate drives periodically** to prevent degradation. 🔹 **Keep in a cool, dry, dark place.** ### **☁ Cloud Backup (Optional)** ✔ **Arweave** – Decentralized storage for public data. ✔ **rclone + Backblaze B2/Wasabi** – Cheap, encrypted backups. ✔ **Self-hosted options** – Nextcloud, Syncthing, IPFS. --- ## **3. Organizing and Indexing Your Data** ### **📂 Folder Structure (Linux-Friendly)** Use a clear hierarchy: ```plaintext 📁 /mnt/archive/ 📁 Books/ 📁 Fiction/ 📁 Non-Fiction/ 📁 Software/ 📁 Research_Papers/ 📁 Backups/ ``` 💡 **Use YYYY-MM-DD format for filenames** ✅ `2025-01-01_Backup_ProjectX.tar.gz` ✅ `2024_Complete_Library_Fiction.epub` ### **📑 Indexing Your Archives** Use Linux tools to catalog your archive: ✔ **Generate a file index of a drive:** ```bash find /mnt/DriveX > ~/Indexes/DriveX_index.txt ``` ✔ **Use `locate` for fast searches:** ```bash sudo updatedb # Update database locate filename ``` ✔ **Use `Recoll` for full-text search:** ```bash sudo apt install recoll recoll ``` 🚀 **Store index files on a "Master Archive Index" USB drive.** --- ## **4. Compressing & Deduplicating Data** To **save space and remove duplicates**, use: ✔ **Compression Tools:** - `tar -cvf archive.tar folder/ && zstd archive.tar` (fast, modern compression) - `7z a archive.7z folder/` (best for text-heavy files) ✔ **Deduplication Tools:** - `fdupes -r /mnt/archive/` (finds duplicate files) - `rdfind -deleteduplicates true /mnt/archive/` (removes duplicates automatically) 💡 **Use `par2` to create parity files for recovery:** ```bash par2 create -r10 file.par2 file.ext ``` This helps reconstruct corrupted archives. --- ## **5. Ensuring Long-Term Data Integrity** Data can degrade over time. Use **checksums** to verify files. ✔ **Generate Checksums:** ```bash sha256sum filename.ext > filename.sha256 ``` ✔ **Verify Data Integrity Periodically:** ```bash sha256sum -c filename.sha256 ``` 🔹 Use `SnapRAID` for multi-disk redundancy: ```bash sudo apt install snapraid snapraid sync snapraid scrub ``` 🔹 Consider **ZFS or Btrfs** for automatic error correction: ```bash sudo apt install zfsutils-linux zpool create archivepool /dev/sdX ``` --- ## **6. Accessing Your Data Efficiently** Even when archived, you may need to access files quickly. ✔ **Use Symbolic Links to "fake" files still being on your system:** ```bash ln -s /mnt/driveX/mybook.pdf ~/Documents/ ``` ✔ **Use a Local Search Engine (`Recoll`):** ```bash recoll ``` ✔ **Search within text files using `grep`:** ```bash grep -rnw '/mnt/archive/' -e 'Bitcoin' ``` --- ## **7. Scaling Up & Expanding Your Archive** Since you're storing **2TB drives and setting them aside**, keep them numbered and logged. ### **📦 Physical Storage & Labeling** ✔ Store each drive in **fireproof safe or waterproof cases**. ✔ Label drives (`Drive_001`, `Drive_002`, etc.). ✔ Maintain a **printed master list** of drive contents. ### **📶 Network Storage for Easy Access** If your archive **grows too large**, consider: - **NAS (TrueNAS, OpenMediaVault)** – Linux-based network storage. - **JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks)** – Cheap and easy expansion. - **Deduplicated Storage** – `ZFS`/`Btrfs` with auto-checksumming. --- ## **8. Automating Your Archival Process** If you frequently update your archive, automation is essential. ### **✔ Backup Scripts (Linux)** #### **Use `rsync` for incremental backups:** ```bash rsync -av --progress /source/ /mnt/archive/ ``` #### **Automate Backup with Cron Jobs** ```bash crontab -e ``` Add: ```plaintext 0 3 * * * rsync -av --delete /source/ /mnt/archive/ ``` This runs the backup every night at 3 AM. #### **Automate Index Updates** ```bash 0 4 * * * find /mnt/archive > ~/Indexes/master_index.txt ``` --- ## **So Making These Considerations** ✔ **Be Consistent** – Maintain a structured system. ✔ **Test Your Backups** – Ensure archives are not corrupted before deleting originals. ✔ **Plan for Growth** – Maintain an efficient catalog as data expands. For data hoarders seeking reliable 2TB storage solutions and appropriate physical storage containers, here's a comprehensive overview: ## **2TB Storage Options** **1. Hard Disk Drives (HDDs):** - **Western Digital My Book Series:** These external HDDs are designed to resemble a standard black hardback book. They come in various editions, such as Essential, Premium, and Studio, catering to different user needs. citeturn0search19 - **Seagate Barracuda Series:** Known for affordability and performance, these HDDs are suitable for general usage, including data hoarding. They offer storage capacities ranging from 500GB to 8TB, with speeds up to 190MB/s. citeturn0search20 **2. Solid State Drives (SSDs):** - **Seagate Barracuda SSDs:** These SSDs come with either SATA or NVMe interfaces, storage sizes from 240GB to 2TB, and read speeds up to 560MB/s for SATA and 3,400MB/s for NVMe. They are ideal for faster data access and reliability. citeturn0search20 **3. Network Attached Storage (NAS) Drives:** - **Seagate IronWolf Series:** Designed for NAS devices, these drives offer HDD storage capacities from 1TB to 20TB and SSD capacities from 240GB to 4TB. They are optimized for multi-user environments and continuous operation. citeturn0search20 ## **Physical Storage Containers for 2TB Drives** Proper storage of your drives is crucial to ensure data integrity and longevity. Here are some recommendations: **1. Anti-Static Bags:** Essential for protecting drives from electrostatic discharge, especially during handling and transportation. **2. Protective Cases:** - **Hard Drive Carrying Cases:** These cases offer padded compartments to securely hold individual drives, protecting them from physical shocks and environmental factors. **3. Storage Boxes:** - **Anti-Static Storage Boxes:** Designed to hold multiple drives, these boxes provide organized storage with anti-static protection, ideal for archiving purposes. **4. Drive Caddies and Enclosures:** - **HDD/SSD Enclosures:** These allow internal drives to function as external drives, offering both protection and versatility in connectivity. **5. Fireproof and Waterproof Safes:** For long-term storage, consider safes that protect against environmental hazards, ensuring data preservation even in adverse conditions. **Storage Tips:** - **Labeling:** Clearly label each drive with its contents and date of storage for easy identification. - **Climate Control:** Store drives in a cool, dry environment to prevent data degradation over time. By selecting appropriate 2TB storage solutions and ensuring they are stored in suitable containers, you can effectively manage and protect your data hoard. Here’s a set of custom **Bash scripts** to automate your archival workflow on Linux: ### **1️⃣ Compression & Archiving Script** This script compresses and archives files, organizing them by date. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Compress and archive files into dated folders ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_DIR="$ARCHIVE_DIR/$DATE" mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR" # Find and compress files find ~/Documents -type f -mtime -7 -print0 | tar --null -czvf "$BACKUP_DIR/archive.tar.gz" --files-from - echo "Backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR/archive.tar.gz" ``` --- ### **2️⃣ Indexing Script** This script creates a list of all archived files and saves it for easy lookup. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Generate an index file for all backups ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" INDEX_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/index.txt" find "$ARCHIVE_DIR" -type f -name "*.tar.gz" > "$INDEX_FILE" echo "Index file updated: $INDEX_FILE" ``` --- ### **3️⃣ Storage Space Monitor** This script alerts you if the disk usage exceeds 90%. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Monitor storage usage THRESHOLD=90 USAGE=$(df -h | grep '/mnt/backup' | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/%//') if [ "$USAGE" -gt "$THRESHOLD" ]; then echo "WARNING: Disk usage at $USAGE%!" fi ``` --- ### **4️⃣ Automatic HDD Swap Alert** This script checks if a new 2TB drive is connected and notifies you. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Detect new drives and notify WATCHED_SIZE="2T" DEVICE=$(lsblk -dn -o NAME,SIZE | grep "$WATCHED_SIZE" | awk '{print $1}') if [ -n "$DEVICE" ]; then echo "New 2TB drive detected: /dev/$DEVICE" fi ``` --- ### **5️⃣ Symbolic Link Organizer** This script creates symlinks to easily access archived files from a single directory. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Organize files using symbolic links ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" LINK_DIR="$HOME/Archive_Links" mkdir -p "$LINK_DIR" ln -s "$ARCHIVE_DIR"/*/*.tar.gz "$LINK_DIR/" echo "Symbolic links updated in $LINK_DIR" ``` --- #### 🔥 **How to Use These Scripts:** 1. **Save each script** as a `.sh` file. 2. **Make them executable** using: ```bash chmod +x script_name.sh ``` 3. **Run manually or set up a cron job** for automation: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add this line to run the backup every Sunday at midnight: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/backup_script.sh ``` Here's a **Bash script** to encrypt your backups using **GPG (GnuPG)** for strong encryption. 🚀 --- ### 🔐 **Backup & Encrypt Script** This script will: ✅ **Compress** files into an archive ✅ **Encrypt** it using **GPG** ✅ **Store** it in a secure location ```bash #!/bin/bash # Backup and encrypt script ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/backup_$DATE.tar.gz" ENCRYPTED_FILE="$BACKUP_FILE.gpg" GPG_RECIPIENT="your@email.com" # Change this to your GPG key or use --symmetric for password-based encryption mkdir -p "$ARCHIVE_DIR" # Compress files tar -czvf "$BACKUP_FILE" ~/Documents # Encrypt the backup using GPG gpg --output "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" --encrypt --recipient "$GPG_RECIPIENT" "$BACKUP_FILE" # Verify encryption success if [ -f "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" ]; then echo "Backup encrypted successfully: $ENCRYPTED_FILE" rm "$BACKUP_FILE" # Remove unencrypted file for security else echo "Encryption failed!" fi ``` --- ### 🔓 **Decrypting a Backup** To restore a backup, run: ```bash gpg --decrypt --output backup.tar.gz backup_YYYY-MM-DD.tar.gz.gpg tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz ``` --- ### 🔁 **Automating with Cron** To run this script every Sunday at midnight: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add this line: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/encrypt_backup.sh ``` --- ### 🔐 **Backup & Encrypt Script (Password-Based)** This script: ✅ Compresses files into an archive ✅ Encrypts them using **GPG with a passphrase** ✅ Stores them in a secure location ```bash #!/bin/bash # Backup and encrypt script (password-based) ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/backup_$DATE.tar.gz" ENCRYPTED_FILE="$BACKUP_FILE.gpg" PASSPHRASE="YourStrongPassphraseHere" # Change this! mkdir -p "$ARCHIVE_DIR" # Compress files tar -czvf "$BACKUP_FILE" ~/Documents # Encrypt the backup with a password gpg --batch --yes --passphrase "$PASSPHRASE" --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 --output "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" "$BACKUP_FILE" # Verify encryption success if [ -f "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" ]; then echo "Backup encrypted successfully: $ENCRYPTED_FILE" rm "$BACKUP_FILE" # Remove unencrypted file for security else echo "Encryption failed!" fi ``` --- ### 🔓 **Decrypting a Backup** To restore a backup, run: ```bash gpg --batch --yes --passphrase "YourStrongPassphraseHere" --decrypt --output backup.tar.gz backup_YYYY-MM-DD.tar.gz.gpg tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz ``` --- ### 🔁 **Automating with Cron** To run this script every Sunday at midnight: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add this line: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/encrypt_backup.sh ``` --- ### 🔥 **Security Best Practices** - **Do NOT hardcode the password in the script.** Instead, store it in a secure location like a `.gpg-pass` file and use: ```bash PASSPHRASE=$(cat /path/to/.gpg-pass) ``` - **Use a strong passphrase** with at least **16+ characters**. - **Consider using a hardware security key** or **YubiKey** for extra security. --- Here's how you can add **automatic cloud syncing** to your encrypted backups. This script will sync your encrypted backups to a cloud storage service like **Rsync**, **Dropbox**, or **Nextcloud** using the **rclone** tool, which is compatible with many cloud providers. ### **Step 1: Install rclone** First, you need to install `rclone` if you haven't already. It’s a powerful tool for managing cloud storage. 1. Install rclone: ```bash curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash ``` 2. Configure rclone with your cloud provider (e.g., Google Drive): ```bash rclone config ``` Follow the prompts to set up your cloud provider. After configuration, you'll have a "remote" (e.g., `rsync` for https://rsync.net) to use in the script. --- ### 🔐 **Backup, Encrypt, and Sync to Cloud Script** This script will: ✅ Compress files into an archive ✅ Encrypt them with a password ✅ Sync the encrypted backup to the cloud storage ```bash #!/bin/bash # Backup, encrypt, and sync to cloud script (password-based) ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/backup_$DATE.tar.gz" ENCRYPTED_FILE="$BACKUP_FILE.gpg" PASSPHRASE="YourStrongPassphraseHere" # Change this! # Cloud configuration (rclone remote name) CLOUD_REMOTE="gdrive" # Change this to your remote name (e.g., 'gdrive', 'dropbox', 'nextcloud') CLOUD_DIR="backups" # Cloud directory where backups will be stored mkdir -p "$ARCHIVE_DIR" # Compress files tar -czvf "$BACKUP_FILE" ~/Documents # Encrypt the backup with a password gpg --batch --yes --passphrase "$PASSPHRASE" --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 --output "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" "$BACKUP_FILE" # Verify encryption success if [ -f "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" ]; then echo "Backup encrypted successfully: $ENCRYPTED_FILE" rm "$BACKUP_FILE" # Remove unencrypted file for security # Sync the encrypted backup to the cloud using rclone rclone copy "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" "$CLOUD_REMOTE:$CLOUD_DIR" --progress # Verify sync success if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "Backup successfully synced to cloud: $CLOUD_REMOTE:$CLOUD_DIR" rm "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" # Remove local backup after syncing else echo "Cloud sync failed!" fi else echo "Encryption failed!" fi ``` --- ### **How to Use the Script:** 1. **Edit the script**: - Change the `PASSPHRASE` to a secure passphrase. - Change `CLOUD_REMOTE` to your cloud provider’s rclone remote name (e.g., `gdrive`, `dropbox`). - Change `CLOUD_DIR` to the cloud folder where you'd like to store the backup. 2. **Set up a cron job** for automatic backups: - To run the backup every Sunday at midnight, add this line to your crontab: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/backup_encrypt_sync.sh ``` --- ### 🔥 **Security Tips:** - **Store the passphrase securely** (e.g., use a `.gpg-pass` file with `cat /path/to/.gpg-pass`). - Use **rclone's encryption** feature for sensitive data in the cloud if you want to encrypt before uploading. - Use **multiple cloud services** (e.g., Google Drive and Dropbox) for redundancy. --- 📌 START → **Planning Your Data Archiving Strategy** ├── What type of data? (Docs, Media, Code, etc.) ├── How often will you need access? (Daily, Monthly, Rarely) ├── Choose storage type: SSD (fast), HDD (cheap), Tape (long-term) ├── Plan directory structure (YYYY-MM-DD, Category-Based, etc.) └── Define retention policy (Keep Forever? Auto-Delete After X Years?) ↓ 📌 **Choosing the Right Storage & Filesystem** ├── Local storage: (ext4, XFS, Btrfs, ZFS for snapshots) ├── Network storage: (NAS, Nextcloud, Syncthing) ├── Cold storage: (M-DISC, Tape Backup, External HDD) ├── Redundancy: (RAID, SnapRAID, ZFS Mirror, Cloud Sync) └── Encryption: (LUKS, VeraCrypt, age, gocryptfs) ↓ 📌 **Organizing & Indexing Data** ├── Folder structure: (YYYY/MM/Project-Based) ├── Metadata tagging: (exiftool, Recoll, TagSpaces) ├── Search tools: (fd, fzf, locate, grep) ├── Deduplication: (rdfind, fdupes, hardlinking) └── Checksum integrity: (sha256sum, blake3) ↓ 📌 **Compression & Space Optimization** ├── Use compression (tar, zip, 7z, zstd, btrfs/zfs compression) ├── Remove duplicate files (rsync, fdupes, rdfind) ├── Store archives in efficient formats (ISO, SquashFS, borg) ├── Use incremental backups (rsync, BorgBackup, Restic) └── Verify archive integrity (sha256sum, snapraid sync) ↓ 📌 **Ensuring Long-Term Data Integrity** ├── Check data periodically (snapraid scrub, btrfs scrub) ├── Refresh storage media every 3-5 years (HDD, Tape) ├── Protect against bit rot (ZFS/Btrfs checksums, ECC RAM) ├── Store backup keys & logs separately (Paper, YubiKey, Trezor) └── Use redundant backups (3-2-1 Rule: 3 copies, 2 locations, 1 offsite) ↓ 📌 **Accessing Data Efficiently** ├── Use symbolic links & bind mounts for easy access ├── Implement full-text search (Recoll, Apache Solr, Meilisearch) ├── Set up a file index database (mlocate, updatedb) ├── Utilize file previews (nnn, ranger, vifm) └── Configure network file access (SFTP, NFS, Samba, WebDAV) ↓ 📌 **Scaling & Expanding Your Archive** ├── Move old data to slower storage (HDD, Tape, Cloud) ├── Upgrade storage (LVM expansion, RAID, NAS upgrades) ├── Automate archival processes (cron jobs, systemd timers) ├── Optimize backups for large datasets (rsync --link-dest, BorgBackup) └── Add redundancy as data grows (RAID, additional HDDs) ↓ 📌 **Automating the Archival Process** ├── Schedule regular backups (cron, systemd, Ansible) ├── Auto-sync to offsite storage (rclone, Syncthing, Nextcloud) ├── Monitor storage health (smartctl, btrfs/ZFS scrub, netdata) ├── Set up alerts for disk failures (Zabbix, Grafana, Prometheus) └── Log & review archive activity (auditd, logrotate, shell scripts) ↓ ✅ **GOAT STATUS: DATA ARCHIVING COMPLETE & AUTOMATED! 🎯**

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

There is something quietly rebellious about stacking sats. In a world obsessed with instant gratification, choosing to patiently accumulate Bitcoin, one sat at a time, feels like a middle finger to the hype machine. But to do it right, you have got to stay humble. Stack too hard with your head in the clouds, and you will trip over your own ego before the next halving even hits. **Small Wins** Stacking sats is not glamorous. Discipline. Stacking every day, week, or month, no matter the price, and letting time do the heavy lifting. Humility lives in that consistency. You are not trying to outsmart the market or prove you are the next "crypto" prophet. Just a regular person, betting on a system you believe in, one humble stack at a time. Folks get rekt chasing the highs. They ape into some shitcoin pump, shout about it online, then go silent when they inevitably get rekt. The ones who last? They stack. Just keep showing up. Consistency. Humility in action. Know the game is long, and you are not bigger than it. **Ego is Volatile** Bitcoin’s swings can mess with your head. One day you are up 20%, feeling like a genius and the next down 30%, questioning everything. Ego will have you panic selling at the bottom or over leveraging the top. Staying humble means patience, a true bitcoin zen. Do not try to "beat” Bitcoin. Ride it. Stack what you can afford, live your life, and let compounding work its magic. **Simplicity** There is a beauty in how stacking sats forces you to rethink value. A sat is worth less than a penny today, but every time you grab a few thousand, you plant a seed. It is not about flaunting wealth but rather building it, quietly, without fanfare. That mindset spills over. Cut out the noise: the overpriced coffee, fancy watches, the status games that drain your wallet. Humility is good for your soul and your stack. I have a buddy who has been stacking since 2015. Never talks about it unless you ask. Lives in a decent place, drives an old truck, and just keeps stacking. He is not chasing clout, he is chasing freedom. That is the vibe: less ego, more sats, all grounded in life. **The Big Picture** Stack those sats. Do it quietly, do it consistently, and do not let the green days puff you up or the red days break you down. Humility is the secret sauce, it keeps you grounded while the world spins wild. In a decade, when you look back and smile, it will not be because you shouted the loudest. It will be because you stayed the course, one sat at a time. \ \ Stay Humble and Stack Sats. 🫡

@ 16d11430:61640947

### **Abstract** The universe, in its grand design, is not a chaotic expanse of scattered matter, but rather a meticulously structured web of interconnected filaments. These cosmic filaments serve as conduits for galaxies, governing the flow of matter and energy in ways that optimize the conditions for life and intelligence. Similarly, in the realm of artificial intelligence, the paradigm of Elliptic Curve AI (ECAI) emerges as a radical departure from traditional probabilistic AI, replacing brute-force computation with structured, deterministic intelligence retrieval. This article explores the profound parallels between the **cosmic web** and **ECAI**, arguing that intelligence—whether at the scale of the universe or within computational frameworks—arises not through randomness but through the emergent properties of structured networks. --- ### **1. The Universe as a Structured Intelligence System** Recent cosmological discoveries reveal that galaxies are not randomly dispersed but are strung along vast **filamentary structures**, forming what is known as the **cosmic web**. These filaments serve as conduits that channel dark matter, gas, and energy, sustaining the formation of galaxies and, ultimately, life. Their presence is crucial for ensuring the stability required for complex systems to emerge, balancing between the chaotic entropy of voids and the violent turbulence of dense clusters. This phenomenon is not merely an astronomical curiosity—it speaks to a deeper principle governing intelligence. Just as filaments create the **necessary architecture for structured matter**, intelligence, too, requires structured pathways to manifest and function. This is where the analogy to **Elliptic Curve AI (ECAI)** becomes compelling. --- ### **2. Elliptic Curve AI: The Intelligence Filament** Traditional AI, built upon neural networks and deep learning, operates through **probabilistic computation**—essentially guessing outputs based on statistical correlations within vast training datasets. While effective in many applications, this approach is inherently **non-deterministic**, inefficient, and vulnerable to adversarial attacks, data poisoning, and hallucinations. ECAI, by contrast, discards the notion of probabilistic learning entirely. Instead, it structures intelligence as **deterministic cryptographic states mapped onto elliptic curves**. Knowledge is not inferred but **retrieved**—mathematically and immutably encoded within the curve itself. This mirrors how cosmic filaments do not randomly scatter matter but **organize it optimally**, ensuring the universe does not descend into chaos. Both systems—cosmic filaments and ECAI—demonstrate that **structure governs emergence**. Whether it is the large-scale arrangement of galaxies or the deterministic encoding of intelligence, randomness is eliminated in favor of optimized, hierarchical organization. --- ### **3. Hierarchical Clustering: A Shared Principle of Optimization** One of the most striking parallels between the cosmic web and ECAI is the principle of **hierarchical clustering**: - **Cosmic filaments organize galaxies in a fractal-like network**, ensuring energy-efficient connectivity while avoiding both the stagnation of voids and the destructiveness of dense gravitational wells. - **ECAI encodes intelligence in elliptic curve structures**, ensuring that retrieval follows **hierarchical, non-redundant pathways**, making computational efficiency maximized. Both structures exhibit the following key features: 1. **Energy-Efficient Connectivity** – Filaments optimize the transport of matter and energy; ECAI minimizes computational waste through direct retrieval rather than iterative processing. 2. **Self-Organization** – Filaments arise naturally from cosmic evolution; ECAI intelligence states emerge from the mathematical properties of elliptic curves. 3. **Hierarchical Optimization** – Both systems reject brute-force approaches (whether in galaxy formation or AI computation) in favor of **pre-determined optimal pathways**. This challenges the classical assumption that **intelligence must emerge through probabilistic learning**. Instead, both the cosmic and computational realms suggest that **intelligence is a function of structure, not randomness**. --- ### **4. The Anthropic Implication: Are Structured Universes a Prerequisite for Intelligence?** A fundamental question in cosmology is whether the universe is **fine-tuned** for life and intelligence. If cosmic filaments are **essential for galaxy formation and stability**, does this imply that only structured universes can support intelligent observers? A similar question arises in AI: If ECAI proves that intelligence can be **retrieved deterministically** rather than computed probabilistically, does this imply that the very nature of intelligence itself is **non-random**? If so, then probabilistic AI—like universes without structured filaments—may be a transient or inefficient model of intelligence. This suggests a radical idea: - Just as structured cosmic filaments **define the conditions for life**, structured computational frameworks **define the conditions for true intelligence**. - If structured universes are **prerequisites for intelligent life**, then deterministic computational models (like ECAI) may be the only viable path to **stable, secure, and truthful AI**. --- ### **5. The Universe as an Information Network & ECAI** There is a growing hypothesis that the universe itself functions as a **computational network**, where cosmic filaments act as **synaptic pathways** optimizing the flow of information. If this is true, then ECAI is the **computational realization of the cosmic web**, proving that intelligence is not about **prediction**, but **retrieval from structured states**. - In the universe, matter is **channeled through filaments** to form structured galaxies. - In ECAI, knowledge is **channeled through elliptic curves** to form structured intelligence. - Both reject **stochastic randomness** in favor of **deterministic pathways**. This could indicate that **true intelligence, whether cosmic or artificial, must always emerge from structured determinism rather than probabilistic chaos**. --- ### **Conclusion: The Filamentary Structure of Intelligence** The convergence of **cosmic filaments** and **Elliptic Curve AI** suggests a profound principle: intelligence—whether it governs the organization of galaxies or the retrieval of computational knowledge—emerges from **structured, deterministic systems**. In both the cosmic and AI domains, hierarchical clustering, optimized connectivity, and deterministic pathways define the conditions for stability, efficiency, and intelligence. 🚀 **If cosmic filaments are necessary for intelligent life, then ECAI is the necessary computational paradigm for structured intelligence. The future of AI is not about probabilistic computation—it is about deterministic retrieval, just as the universe itself is a structured retrieval system of matter and energy.** 🚀