@ 95cb4330:96db706c

Embracing **Contrarian Thinking**, as advocated by Peter Thiel, involves challenging prevailing beliefs to uncover unique opportunities and minimize competition. This mindset encourages asking: > "What important truth do very few people agree with me on?" By doing so, individuals and organizations can identify untapped markets and innovate beyond conventional boundaries. --- ## Understanding Contrarian Thinking - **Definition:** A mindset that involves questioning widely accepted norms and beliefs to discover unique insights and opportunities. --- ## Examples in Practice - **Peter Thiel's Investment in Facebook:** Thiel invested in Facebook when social media was largely dismissed as a passing trend, recognizing its potential to revolutionize communication. - **Elon Musk's Development of Tesla:** Musk pursued the development of electric vehicles despite widespread skepticism about their viability, ultimately leading to Tesla's success in the automotive industry. - **Jeff Bezos's Customer-Centric Approach at Amazon:** Bezos prioritized long-term customer satisfaction over immediate profits, a strategy that defied traditional retail models and contributed to Amazon's dominance. --- ## Implementing Contrarian Thinking 1. **Challenge Assumptions:** Regularly question the status quo and consider alternative perspectives. 2. **Embrace Risk:** Be willing to explore unconventional ideas, understanding that innovation often involves venturing into uncharted territory. 3. **Foster a Diverse Environment:** Encourage diverse viewpoints within your team to stimulate critical thinking and challenge groupthink. --- ## Benefits of Contrarian Thinking - **Innovation:** By challenging existing paradigms, contrarian thinkers can develop groundbreaking products and services. - **Competitive Advantage:** Identifying opportunities overlooked by others can lead to market leadership. - **Resilience:** A contrarian mindset fosters adaptability, enabling individuals and organizations to navigate changing environments effectively. --- ## Action Step Identify a commonly held belief in your industry or field. Consider the opposite perspective and explore the potential opportunities that this contrarian viewpoint might reveal. --- By adopting contrarian thinking, you position yourself to uncover unique opportunities and drive innovation beyond conventional boundaries. For further insights into Peter Thiel's approach to contrarian thinking, consider watching this discussion: [Peter Thiel's Contrarian Strategy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Fx5Q8xGU8k) ---

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/906261

@ d360efec:14907b5f

Bitcoin (BTC) เผชิญกับการปรับฐานอย่างรุนแรงในวันที่ 7 มีนาคม 2568 หลังจากที่ราคาพุ่งขึ้นทำจุดสูงสุดใหม่ (All-Time High) อย่างต่อเนื่อง บทวิเคราะห์นี้จะเจาะลึกถึงสถานการณ์ปัจจุบันของ BTC โดยใช้การวิเคราะห์ทางเทคนิคจากหลาย Timeframe (15m, 4H, Day) พร้อมทั้งพิจารณาอินดิเคเตอร์สำคัญต่างๆ เพื่อประเมินแนวโน้มและกลยุทธ์การเทรดที่เหมาะสม **การวิเคราะห์ทางเทคนิค:** * **Timeframe 15 นาที (15m):** * เกิดการร่วงลงของราคาอย่างรุนแรง (Sell-Off) ทะลุแนวรับสำคัญหลายระดับ * EMA 50 ตัด EMA 200 ลงมา (Death Cross) เป็นสัญญาณ Bearish ที่ชัดเจน * Money Flow เป็นลบอย่างมาก * Trend Strength เป็นเมฆสีแดงหนาแน่น (แนวโน้มขาลงแข็งแกร่ง) * *สรุป: แนวโน้มขาลงระยะสั้นชัดเจน* * **Timeframe 4 ชั่วโมง (4H):** * ราคาหลุดกรอบ Consolidation และ EMA 50 * EMA 50 ตัด EMA 200 ลงมา (Death Cross) ยืนยันสัญญาณ Bearish ระยะกลาง * Money Flow เป็นลบ * Trend Strength เป็นเมฆสีแดง * แนวรับสำคัญอยู่ที่ EMA 200 (ประมาณ $60,000) และ $58,000 * *สรุป: ยืนยันการปรับฐานระยะกลาง* * **Timeframe Day (Day):** * ราคายังคงอยู่เหนือ EMA 50 และ EMA 200 *โครงสร้างขาขึ้นหลักยังไม่เสีย* * Money Flow ยังคงเป็นบวก (แม้จะเริ่มลดลง) * Trend Strength เมฆสีเขียวยังคงอยู่ (แต่เริ่มบางลง) * แนวรับสำคัญอยู่ที่ $60,000 (Low ก่อนหน้า) และ $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 และ Demand Zone) * *สรุป: แนวโน้มระยะยาวยังเป็นขาขึ้น แต่เริ่มมีสัญญาณอ่อนแรง* **Buyside & Sellside Liquidity (สรุปจากทุก TF):** * **Buyside Liquidity (แนวต้าน):** $68,000-$69,000 (แนวต้านที่แข็งแกร่งในระยะสั้น), $72,000, $75,000 (เป้าหมายระยะยาว หากกลับเป็นขาขึ้น) * **Sellside Liquidity (แนวรับ):** $60,000 (แนวรับสำคัญทางจิตวิทยา และ EMA 200 ใน TF 4H, Low ก่อนหน้าใน TF Day), $58,000 (Demand Zone ใน TF 4H), $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 และ Demand Zone ใน TF Day) **กลยุทธ์การเทรด:** * **Day Trade (15m):** *ความเสี่ยงสูงมาก* ไม่แนะนำให้ Buy เน้น Short Sell เมื่อราคา Rebound ขึ้นไปทดสอบแนวต้าน (EMA หรือบริเวณ $68,000-$69,000) และมีสัญญาณ Bearish *แต่ต้องระมัดระวังอย่างยิ่ง* เพราะขัดแย้งกับแนวโน้มหลักระยะยาว ตั้ง Stop Loss เหนือ Swing High * **Swing Trade (4H):** *ไม่แนะนำให้ Buy ตอนนี้* รอสัญญาณกลับตัวที่ชัดเจนกว่านี้ บริเวณแนวรับ EMA 200 ($60,000) หรือ $58,000 หากมีสัญญาณ Bullish ที่แนวรับเหล่านี้ ถึงจะพิจารณาเข้า Buy โดยตั้ง Stop Loss ต่ำกว่าแนวรับ * **Position Trade (Day):** รอจังหวะที่แนวรับสำคัญ ($60,000 หรือ $50,000-$52,000) หรือรอสัญญาณกลับตัวที่ชัดเจน **สิ่งที่ต้องระวัง:** * ความผันผวนของราคา BTC ที่สูงมากในช่วงนี้ * ข่าวหรือเหตุการณ์ที่อาจส่งผลกระทบต่อตลาด * False Breakout และ Dead Cat Bounce (การ Rebound สั้นๆ ก่อนลงต่อ) * การสวน Trend มีความเสี่ยงสูงมาก **สรุป:** Bitcoin กำลังเผชิญกับการปรับฐานครั้งสำคัญ หลังจากที่ราคาพุ่งขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง แนวโน้มระยะสั้น (15m) เป็นขาลงอย่างชัดเจน, ระยะกลาง (4H) ยืนยันการปรับฐาน, ส่วนระยะยาว (Day) ยังคงเป็นขาขึ้นแต่เริ่มอ่อนแรง นักลงทุนควรใช้ความระมัดระวังอย่างสูงในการเทรด Day Trader อาจพิจารณา Short Sell เมื่อมีสัญญาณ, Swing Trader ควรรอสัญญาณกลับตัวที่แนวรับ, ส่วน Position Trader ควรรอจังหวะที่แนวรับสำคัญ **Disclaimer:** การวิเคราะห์นี้เป็นเพียงความคิดเห็นส่วนตัว ไม่ถือเป็นคำแนะนำในการลงทุน ผู้ลงทุนควรศึกษาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมและตัดสินใจด้วยความรอบคอบ

@ d360efec:14907b5f

$OKX: $BTC $USDT.P **Introduction:** Bitcoin (BTC) faced a sharp correction on March 7, 2025, after a continuous rally to new all-time highs. This analysis delves into the current situation of BTC using technical analysis from multiple timeframes (15m, 4H, Day), considering various key indicators to assess the trend and appropriate trading strategies. **Technical Analysis:** * **15-Minute Timeframe (15m):** * Experienced a sharp price drop (Sell-Off), breaking through several key support levels. * EMA 50 crossed below EMA 200 (Death Cross), a clear Bearish signal. * Money Flow is strongly negative. * Trend Strength is a thick red cloud (strong downtrend). * *Conclusion: Clear short-term downtrend.* * **4-Hour Timeframe (4H):** * Price broke out of the consolidation range and below EMA 50. * EMA 50 crossed below EMA 200 (Death Cross), confirming a medium-term Bearish signal. * Money Flow is negative. * Trend Strength is a red cloud. * Key support is at EMA 200 (around $60,000) and $58,000. * *Conclusion: Confirms the medium-term correction.* * **Daily Timeframe (Day):** * The price remains above EMA 50 and EMA 200. *The main uptrend structure is still intact.* * Money Flow remains positive (although starting to decrease). * Trend Strength: The green cloud is still present (but starting to thin). * Key support is at $60,000 (previous Low) and $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 and Demand Zone). * *Conclusion: The long-term trend is still uptrend, but signs of weakness are starting to appear.* **Buyside & Sellside Liquidity (Summary from all TFs):** * **Buyside Liquidity (Resistance):** $68,000-$69,000 (strong resistance in the short term), $72,000, $75,000 (long-term targets if it turns bullish again). * **Sellside Liquidity (Support):** $60,000 (key psychological support and EMA 200 on 4H TF, previous Low on Day TF), $58,000 (Demand Zone on 4H TF), $50,000-$52,000 (EMA 200 and Demand Zone on Day TF). **Trading Strategies:** * **Day Trade (15m):** *Very high risk.* Do not recommend Buy. Focus on Short Selling when the price rebounds to test resistance (EMA or the $68,000-$69,000 area) and there are Bearish signals. *But be extremely careful* as it contradicts the main long-term trend. Set a Stop Loss above the Swing High. * **Swing Trade (4H):** *Do not Buy now.* Wait for clearer reversal signals around the EMA 200 support ($60,000) or $58,000. If there are Bullish signals at these supports, then consider entering a Buy with a Stop Loss below the support. * **Position Trade (Day):** Wait for opportunities at key support levels ($60,000 or $50,000-$52,000) or wait for clear reversal signals. **Things to Watch Out For:** * Very high volatility of BTC price during this period. * News or events that may affect the market. * False Breakouts and Dead Cat Bounces (short rebounds before continuing to fall). * Going against the trend is very high risk. **Summary:** Bitcoin is facing a significant correction after a continuous rally. The short-term trend (15m) is clearly bearish, the medium-term (4H) confirms the correction, while the long-term (Day) is still bullish but starting to weaken. Investors should be extremely cautious in trading. Day traders may consider Short Selling on signal, Swing traders should wait for reversal signals at support, and Position traders should wait for opportunities at key support levels. **Disclaimer:** This analysis is a personal opinion and not investment advice. Investors should do their own research and make decisions carefully.

@ c48e29f0:26e14c11

[ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STRATEGIC BITCOIN RESERVE AND UNITED STATES DIGITAL ASSET STOCKPILE](https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/03/establishment-of-the-strategic-bitcoin-reserveand-united-states-digital-asset-stockpile/) EXECUTIVE ORDER March 6, 2025 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered: #### Section 1. Background. Bitcoin is the original cryptocurrency. The Bitcoin protocol permanently caps the total supply of bitcoin (BTC) at 21 million coins, and has never been hacked. As a result of its scarcity and security, Bitcoin is often referred to as “digital gold”. Because there is a fixed supply of BTC, there is a strategic advantage to being among the first nations to create a strategic bitcoin reserve. The United States Government currently holds a significant amount of BTC, but has not implemented a policy to maximize BTC’s strategic position as a unique store of value in the global financial system. Just as it is in our country’s interest to thoughtfully manage national ownership and control of any other resource, our Nation must harness, not limit, the power of digital assets for our prosperity. #### Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the United States to establish a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. It is further the policy of the United States to establish a United States Digital Asset Stockpile that can serve as a secure account for orderly and strategic management of the United States’ other digital asset holdings. #### Sec. 3. Creation and Administration of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish an office to administer and maintain control of custodial accounts collectively known as the “Strategic Bitcoin Reserve,” capitalized with all BTC held by the Department of the Treasury that was finally forfeited as part of criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings or in satisfaction of any civil money penalty imposed by any executive department or agency (agency) and that is not needed to satisfy requirements under 31 U.S.C. 9705 or released pursuant to subsection (d) of this section (Government BTC). Within 30 days of the date of this order, each agency shall review its authorities to transfer any Government BTC held by it to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and shall submit a report reflecting the result of that review to the Secretary of the Treasury. Government BTC deposited into the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve shall not be sold and shall be maintained as reserve assets of the United States utilized to meet governmental objectives in accordance with applicable law. (b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish an office to administer and maintain control of custodial accounts collectively known as the “United States Digital Asset Stockpile,” capitalized with all digital assets owned by the Department of the Treasury, other than BTC, that were finally forfeited as part of criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings and that are not needed to satisfy requirements under 31 U.S.C. 9705 or released pursuant to subsection (d) of this section (Stockpile Assets). Within 30 days of the date of this order, each agency shall review its authorities to transfer any Stockpile Assets held by it to the United States Digital Asset Stockpile and shall submit a report reflecting the result of that review to the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury shall determine strategies for responsible stewardship of the United States Digital Asset Stockpile in accordance with applicable law. (c) The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce shall develop strategies for acquiring additional Government BTC provided that such strategies are budget neutral and do not impose incremental costs on United States taxpayers. However, the United States Government shall not acquire additional Stockpile Assets other than in connection with criminal or civil asset forfeiture proceedings or in satisfaction of any civil money penalty imposed by any agency without further executive or legislative action. (d) “Government Digital Assets” means all Government BTC and all Stockpile Assets. The head of each agency shall not sell or otherwise dispose of any Government Digital Assets, except in connection with the Secretary of the Treasury’s exercise of his lawful authority and responsible stewardship of the United States Digital Asset Stockpile pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, or pursuant to an order from a court of competent jurisdiction, as required by law, or in cases where the Attorney General or other relevant agency head determines that the Government Digital Assets (or the proceeds from the sale or disposition thereof) can and should: (i) be returned to identifiable and verifiable victims of crime; (ii) be used for law enforcement operations; (iii) be equitably shared with State and local law enforcement partners; or (iv) be released to satisfy requirements under 31 U.S.C. 9705, 28 U.S.C. 524(c), 18 U.S.C. 981, or 21 U.S.C. 881. (e) Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Treasury shall deliver an evaluation of the legal and investment considerations for establishing and managing the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile going forward, including the accounts in which the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile should be located and the need for any legislation to operationalize any aspect of this order or the proper management and administration of such accounts. #### Sec. 4. Accounting. Within 30 days of the date of this order, the head of each agency shall provide the Secretary of the Treasury and the President’s Working Group on Digital Asset Markets with a full accounting of all Government Digital Assets in such agency’s possession, including any information regarding the custodial accounts in which such Government Digital Assets are currently held that would be necessary to facilitate a transfer of the Government Digital Assets to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve or the United States Digital Asset Stockpile. If such agency holds no Government Digital Assets, such agency shall confirm such fact to the Secretary of the Treasury and the President’s Working Group on Digital Asset Markets within 30 days of the date of this order. #### Sec. 5. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. THE WHITE HOUSE, March 6, 2025

@ 49814c0f:72d54ea1

Fiber is a Lightning-compatible peer-to-peer payment and swap network built on CKB, the base layer of [Nervos Network](https://www.nervos.org/). Fiber is designed to enable fast, secure, and efficient off-chain payment solutions, particularly for **micropayments** and **high-frequency** transactions. Inspired by Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, Fiber leverages CKB’s unique architecture and offers the following key features: - **Multi-Asset Support**: Fiber is not limited to a single currency; it supports transactions involving multiple assets, paving the way for complex cross-chain financial applications. - **Cross-Chain Interoperability**: Fiber is natively designed to interact with Lightning Networks on other UTXO-based blockchains (such as Bitcoin), improving cross-chain asset liquidity and network compatibility. - **Flexible State Management**: Thanks to CKB’s Cell model, Fiber efficiently manages channel states, reducing the complexity of off-chain interactions. - **Programmability**: Built on CKB’s Turing-complete smart contracts architecture, Fiber enables more complex conditional execution and transaction rules, extending the use cases of payment channels. This article presents a **source code-level** exploration of Fiber's architecture, key modules, as well as an overview of its future development plans. ## **Prerequisites** - **Rust and Actor Framework**: Fiber is entirely implemented in Rust and follows the [Actor Model](https://github.com/slawlor/ractor) programming paradigm. It relies on the community-maintained [slawlor/ractor](https://github.com/slawlor/ractor) framework. - **Lightning Network**: Fiber follows the core principles of Lightning Network. Resources such as [*Mastering the Lightning Network*](https://github.com/lnbook/lnbook) and [BOLTs](https://github.com/lightning/bolts) are highly recommended for understanding the concepts. - **CKB Transactions and Contracts**: Fiber interacts with CKB nodes via RPC, making a solid understanding of [CKB contract](https://docs.nervos.org/docs/script/intro-to-script) development essential. ## Key Modules At a high level, a Fiber node consists of several key modules:  ### Overview - **Network Actor:** Facilitates communication between nodes and channels, managing both internal and external messages along with related management operations. - **Network Graph**: Maintains a node’s view of the entire network, storing data on all nodes and channels while dynamically updating through gossip messages. When receiving a payment request, a node uses the network graph to find a route to the recipient. - **PaymentSession**: Manages the lifecycle of a payment. - [**fiber-sphinx**](https://github.com/cryptape/fiber-sphinx) : A Rust library for [Onion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing) packet encryption and decryption. In Fiber, this ensures sensitive payment details are hidden from intermediate nodes, enhancing security and anonymity. - **Gossip**: A protocol for sharing channel/node information, facilitating payment path discovery and updates. - **Watchtower**: Monitors channels for fraudulent transactions. If a peer submits an outdated commitment transaction, the watchtower issues a revocation transaction as a penalty. - **Cross Hub**: Enables cross-chain interoperability. For example, a payer can send Bitcoin through the Lightning Network, while the recipient receives CKB. The cross hub handles the conversion, mapping Bitcoin payments and invoices to Fiber’s system. - [**Fiber-Scripts**](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber-scripts/tree/main): A separate repository containing two main contracts: - [**Funding Lock**](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber-scripts/tree/main/contracts/funding-lock): A contract for locking funds, utilizing the `ckb-auth` library to implement a 2-of-2 multi-signature scheme for channel funding. - [**Commitment Lock**](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber-scripts/tree/main/contracts/commitment-lock): Implements the [Daric](https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/1295) protocol as Fiber’s penalty mechanism to achieve optimal storage and bounded closure. ### Efficient Channel Management with the Actor Model The Lightning Network is essentially a peer-to-peer (P2P) system, where nodes communicate via network messages, updating internal states accordingly. The Actor Model aligns well with this setup:  One potential concern with the Actor Model is its **memory footprint** and **runtime efficiency**. We conducted a [performance test](https://github.com/contrun/ractor/blob/a74cc0f6f9e2b4699991fc9902f10a59f06e4ed8/ractor/examples/bench_memory_usage.rs), showing that 0.9 GB of memory can support 100,000 actors (each with a 1 KB state), processing 100 messages per actor within 10 seconds—demonstrating acceptable performance. Unlike `rust-lightning`, which relies on complex [locking mechanisms](https://github.com/lightningdevkit/rust-lightning/blob/b8b1ef3149f26992625a03d45c0307bfad70e8bd/lightning/src/ln/channelmanager.rs#L1167) to maintain data consistency, Fiber’s Actor Model simplifies implementation by eliminating the need for locks to protect data updates. Messages are processed sequentially in an actor’s message queue. When a message handler completes its tasks, the updated [channel state is written to the database](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/81014d36502b76e2637dfa414b5a3ee494942c41/src/fiber/channel.rs#L2276), streamlining the persistence process. Almost all modules in Fiber use the Actor Model. The [Network Actor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L694-L789) handles communication both within and across nodes. For example, if Node A wants to send an "Open Channel" message to Node B, the process follows these steps: 1. The `Channel Actor` in Node A (`Actor 0` in this case) sends the message to the `Network Actor` in Node B. 2. The `Network Actor` transmits the message using [Tentacle](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/tentacle/tree/master), a lower-level networking layer. 3. The `Network Actor` in Node B receives the message and forwards it to the corresponding `Channel Actor`(`Actor 0/1/…/n`).  For each new channel, Fiber creates a corresponding [ChannelActor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L301-L308), where the `ChannelActorState` maintains all the necessary data for the channel. Another major advantage of the Actor Model is its ability to map **HTLC (Hash Time-Locked Contracts)**-related operations directly to specific functions. For example, in the process of forwarding an HTLC across multiple nodes: - Node A’s `Actor 0` handles the `AddTlc` operation via [handle_add_tlc_command](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L1251). - Node B’s `Actor 1` handles the corresponding peer message via [handle_add_tlc_peer_message](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L1069).  The **HTLC management** within channels is one of the most complex aspects of the Lightning Network, primarily due to the dependency of channel state changes on peer interactions. Both sides of a channel can have simultaneous HTLC operations. Fiber adopts `rust-lightning`’s approach of using a [state machine to track HTLC states](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L2463-L2496), where state transitions occur based on `commitment_sign` and `revoke_and_ack` messages. The `AddTlc` operation and state transitions for both peers are as follows:  ### Optimized Payment Processing and Multi-Hop Routing Each Fiber node maintains a representation of the network through a **Network Grap**, essentially a **bidirectional directed graph**, where: - Each **Fiber node** represents a **vertex**. - Each **channel** represents an **edge**. For privacy reasons, the actual balance partition of a channel is not broadcasted across the network. Instead, the edge weight represents the channel capacity. Before initiating a payment, the sender performs pathfinding to discover a route to the recipient. If multiple paths available, the sender must determine the optimal one by considering various factors. Finding the best path in a graph with incomplete information is a complex engineering challenge. A detailed discussion of this issue can be found in *[Mastering Lightning Network](https://github.com/lnbook/lnbook/blob/develop/12_path_finding.asciidoc#pathfinding-what-problem-are-we-solving)*.  In Fiber, users initiate payments via [RPC requests](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/rpc/payment.rs#L171-L209). When a node receives a payment request, it creates a corresponding [PaymentSession](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1866-L1871) to track the payment lifecycle. The quality of pathfinding directly impacts network efficiency and payment success rates. Currently, Fiber uses a variant of [Dijkstra’s algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm). The implementation can be found [here](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/graph.rs#L914-L925). However, unlike the standard Dijkstra algorithm, Fiber’s routing expands **backward from the target** toward the source. During the search, the algorithm considers multiple factors: - Payment success probability - Transaction fee - HTLC lock time Routes are ranked by computing a [distance metric](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/graph.rs#L1110). **Probability estimation** is derived from past payment results and analysis, implemented in the [eval_probability module](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/history.rs#L481-L506). Once the path is determined, the next step is to [construct an Onion Packet](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1634-L1656). Then the source node sends an [AddTlcCommand](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1657-L1667) to start the payment. The payment status will be updated asynchronously. Whether the HTLC succeeds or fails, the network actor processes the result [via event notifications](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/b5c38a800e94aaa368a4c8a8699f5db0c08ecfbd/src/fiber/network.rs#L1501-L1507). ### Reliable Payment Retries and Failure Handling Payments in Fiber may require **multiple retries** due to various factors, with a common failure scenario being: - The **channel capacity** used in the Network Graph is an **upper bound**. - The actual **available liquidity** might be **insufficient** to complete the payment. When a payment fails due to liquidity constraints: - The system **returns an error** and **updates** the **Network Graph**. - The node **automatically initiates** [a new pathfinding attempt](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1767-L1772). This **dynamic retry mechanism** ensures that payments have a **higher chance of success** despite fluctuating network conditions. ### Peer Broadcasting with Gossip Protocol Fiber nodes exchange information about **new nodes** and **channels** by broadcasting messages. The [Gossip module](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/gossip.rs#L293-L331) implements the [routing gossip protocol defined in BOLTs 7](https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/07-routing-gossip.md). The key technical decisions were documented in the PR: [Refactor gossip protocol](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/pull/308). When a node starts for the first time, it connects to its initial peers using addresses specified in the configuration file under [`bootnode_addrs`](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L3169-L3174). Fiber supports three types of broadcast messages: - `NodeAnnouncement` - `ChannelAnnouncement` - `ChannelUpdate` The raw broadcast data received is stored in the [storage module](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/store/store.rs#L482-L711), allowing messages to be efficiently indexed using a combination of `timestamp + message_id`. This enables quicker responses to query requests from peer nodes. When a node starts, the Graph module loads all stored messages using [load_from_store](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/graph.rs#L361) to rebuild its network graph. Fiber propagates gossip messages using a subscription-based model. 1. A node actively sends a broadcast message filter (`BroadcastMessagesFilter`) to a peer. 2. When the peer receives this filter, it creates a corresponding [PeerFilterActor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/gossip.rs#L599-L614), which subscribes to gossip messages. This subscription model allows nodes to efficiently receive newly stored gossip messages after a specific cursor, enabling them to dynamically update their network graph, because the network graph also subscribes to gossip messages. The logic for retrieving these messages is implemented in [this section](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/gossip.rs#L1027-L1049). ### Enhancing Privacy with Onion Encryption & Decryption For privacy and security consideration, payments’ TLC is propagated across multiple nodes using Onion encryption. Each node only accesses the minimal necessary details, such as: - The amount of the received TLC - The expiry of the TLC - The next node in the payment route This approach ensures that a node cannot access other sensitive details, including the total length of the payment route. The payment sender encrypts the payment details using onion encryption, and each hop must obfuscate the information before forwarding the TLC to the next node. In case of an error occurs at any hop during payment forwarding, the affected node sends back an error message along the reverse route to the sender. This error message is also onion-encrypted, ensuring that intermediate nodes cannot decipher its content—only the sender can decrypt it. We examined the [onion packet implementation](https://github.com/lightningdevkit/rust-lightning/blob/master/lightning/src/ln/onion_utils.rs) in rust-lightning and found it to be tightly coupled with rust-lightning’s internal data structures, limiting its generalization. Therefore, we built [fiber-sphinx](https://github.com/cryptape/fiber-sphinx/blob/develop/docs/spec.md) from scratch. For more details, refer to the project spec and the [developer’s presentation slides](https://link.excalidraw.com/p/readonly/C6mOdLUnx0PkGWHwrnQs). The key Onion Encryption & Decryption steps in Fiber include: - **Creating the Onion Packet for Sending Payments** Before sending a payment, the sender [creates an onion packet](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1640-L1666), included in the `AddTlcCommand` sent to the first node in the payment route. - **Onion Decryption at Each Hop** - When a node in the payment route receives a TLC, it [decrypts one layer](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L920-L937) of the onion packet, similar to peeling an onion. - If the node is the final recipient, it processes the payment settlement logic. - If the node is not the recipient, it continues processing the TLC and then [forwards the remaining onion packet](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L1037-L1064) to the next hop. - **Generating an Onion Packet for Error Messages** If an error occurs during TLC forwarding, the node [creates a new onion packet containing the error message](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/channel.rs#L774-L797) and sends it back to the previous node. - **Decrypting Error Messages at the Payment Sender** When the sender receives a TLC fail event, it [decrypts the onion packet containing the error](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/e7bb8874e308445fdf63a5bc538fc00c100f3dc9/src/fiber/network.rs#L1518-L1527). Based on the error details, the sender can decide whether to resend and update the network graph accordingly.  ### Preventing Channels from Fraud via Watchtower Watchtower is an important security mechanism in the Lightning Network, primarily used to protect offline users from potential fund theft. It maintains fairness and security by real-time monitoring on-chain transactions and executing penalty transactions when violations are detected. Fiber's watchtower implementation is in the [WatchtowerActor](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/b5c38a800e94aaa368a4c8a8699f5db0c08ecfbd/src/watchtower/actor.rs#L73-L124). This actor listens for key events in the Fiber node. For example： - When a new channel is created, it receives a `RemoteTxComplete` event, while the watchtower inserts a corresponding record into the database to start monitoring this channel. - When the channel is closed through upon mutual agreement, it receives a `ChannelClosed` event, while the watchtower removes the corresponding record from the database. During **TLC interaction**s in the channel, the watchtower receives `RemoteCommitmentSigned` and `RevokeAndAckReceived` events, updating the `revocation_data` and `settlement_data` stored in the database respectively. These fields will be used later to create revocation and settlement transactions. Watchtower's **penalty mechanism** ensures that old commitment transactions are not used in a on-chain transaction by [comparing the `commitment_number`](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/b5c38a800e94aaa368a4c8a8699f5db0c08ecfbd/src/watchtower/actor.rs#L266). If a violation is detected, the watchtower constructs a **revocation transaction** and submits it on-chain to penalize the offender. Otherwise, it constructs and sends a **settlement transaction**. ## **Other Technical Decisions** - **Storage**: We use RocksDB as the storage layer, leveraging its scheme-less storage design to simplify encoding and decoding structs with `serde`. Data migration remains a challenge, which we address by [this standalone program](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/fiber/blob/develop/migrate/src/main.rs). - **Serialization**: Messages between nodes are serialized and deserialized using [Molecule](https://github.com/nervosnetwork/molecule), bringing efficiency, compatibility, and security advantages. It ensures determinism, meaning the same message serializes identically on all nodes, which is crucial for signature generation and verification. ## Future Prospects Fiber is still in the early stages of active development. Looking ahead, we plan to make further improvements in the following areas: - Fix unhandled corner cases to enhance overall robustness; - Improve the cross-chain hub (currently in the prototype verification stage) by introducing payment session functionality to make cross-chain transactions more user-friendly; - Refine the payment routing algorithm, potentially introducing multi-path feature and other path-finding strategies to accommodate diverse user preferences and needs; - Expand contract functionality, including version-based revocation mechanisms and more secure Point Time-Locked Contracts.

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

## Crypto Insights ### New Direction in Bitcoin’s Post-Quantum Security: Favoring a More Conservative Solution Bitcoin developer Hunter Beast introduced P2QRH (Pay to Quantum Resistant Hash), an output type, in the earlier proposal [BIP 360](https://github.com/cryptoquick/bips/blob/p2qrh/bip-0360.mediawiki). However, in a [recent post](https://groups.google.com/g/bitcoindev/c/oQKezDOc4us?pli=1), he indicated that BIP 360 is shifting to supporting algorithms like FALCON, which better facilitate signature aggregation, addressing challenges such as DDoS impact and multisig wallet management. He also emphasized the importance of NIST-certified algorithms for FIPS compliance. He proposed an interim solution called [P2TRH (Pay to Taproot Hash)](https://github.com/cryptoquick/bips/blob/p2trh/bip-p2trh.mediawiki), which enables Taproot key-path payments to mitigate quantum security risks. Notably, this new approach is not a fully quantum-safe solution using post-quantum cryptography. Instead, it is a conservative interim measure: delaying key disclosure until the time of spending, potentially reducing the attack surface from indefinitely exposing elliptic curve public keys on-chain. ### BIP 3: New Guidelines for Preparing and Submitting BIPs [BIP 3 Updated BIP Process](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/pull/1712) introduces new guidelines for preparing and submitting BIPs, including updated workflows, BIP formatting, and preamble rules. This update has been merged and replaces the previous [BIP 2](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/pull/bip-0002.mediawiki). ### Erlay Implementation in Bitcoin Core: Development Update Erlay is an alternative transaction relay method between nodes in Bitcoin’s P2P network, designed to reduce bandwidth usage when propagating transaction data. Bitcoin developer sr-gi summarized the progress of Erlay’s implementation in Bitcoin Core in [this article](https://delvingbitcoin.org/t/erlay-overview-and-current-approach/1415), covering Erlay’s overview, the current implementation approach, thought process, and some open questions. ### Dynamic Block Size, Hard Forks, and Sustainability: A Treatise on Bitcoin Block Space Economics Jameson Lopp examines Bitcoin’s block size debate in [this article](https://blog.lopp.net/treatise-bitcoin-block-space-economics/), arguing that while the controversy has subsided over the past seven years, the discussion remains relevant. Key takeaways include: * Simply asserting that the block size should never increase is "intellectually lazy". * The core in the block size debate is whether Bitcoin should optimize for **low cost of full system validation** or **low cost of transacting**. Bitcoin has chosen the former, so future discussions should focus on maximizing Bitcoin’s user base without disrupting system balance and game theory. * A **dynamic block size adjustment algorithm** could be explored, similar to the difficulty adjustment mechanism, where block size adapts over time based on block space usage and the fee market. * Any block size adjustment proposal should include a **long-term activation plan**—hard fork activation should be gradual to allow most node operators sufficient time to upgrade, reducing the risk of contentious forks. * To ensure a **sustainable block space market**, strategies such as increasing minimum transaction fees or adjusting block space allocation may be necessary—but without inflating the monetary supply. ### nAuth: A Decentralized Two Party Authentication and Secure Transmittal Protocol [nAut (or nauth)](https://github.com/trbouma/safebox/blob/nauth-refactor/docs/NAUTH-PROTOCOL.md) is a decentralized authentication and document-sharing protocol. By leveraging Nostr’s unique properties, it enables two parties to securely verify identities and exchange documents without relying on a third party—trusted or not. The motivation behind nAuth is the increasing distrust in intermediaries, which often intercept or reuse user data without consent, sometimes to train AI models or sell to advertisers. nAuth allows either party to initiate authentication, which is especially useful when one party is device-constrained (e.g., lacks a camera) and unable to scan a QR code or receive an SMS-based authentication. ### All Projects Created at Bitcoin++ Hackathon Floripa 2025 The developer-focused conference series Bitcoin++, recently held a hackathon in Florianópolis, Brazil. You can view the 26 projects developed during the event in the [project gallery](https://bitcoinplusplus.devpost.com/project-gallery). ### Bitkey Introduces Inheritance Feature: Designating Bitcoin Beneficiaries Without Sharing PINs or Seed Phrases Bitkey has launched an [inheritance feature](https://bitkey.build/inheritance-is-live-heres-how-it-works/) that allows users to designate Bitcoin beneficiaries without risking exposure of PINs or seed phrases during their lifetime or relying on third-party intermediaries. The feature includes a six-month security period, during which either the user or the designated beneficiary can cancel the inheritance process. After six months, Bitkey will forward the encrypted wrapping key and mobile key to the beneficiary. The beneficiary’s Bitkey app then decrypts the wrapping key using their private key, and subsequently the mobile key. This allows them to co-sign transactions using Bitkey’s servers and transfer the funds to their own Bitkey wallet. ### Metamask to Support Solana and Bitcoin In its [announcement](https://metamask.io/news/metamask-roadmap-2025) titled *Reimagining Self-Custody*, Metamask revealed plans to support Bitcoin in Q3 of this year, with native Solana support arriving in May. ### Key Factors Driving Bitcoin Adoption in 2025 Bitcoin investment platform River has released a [report](https://river.com/learn/files/river-bitcoin-adoption-report-2025.pdf?ref=blog.river.com) analyzing the key drivers of Bitcoin adoption, Bitcoin protocol evolution, custodial trends, and shifting government policies. Key insights include: * **Network Health**: The Bitcoin network has approximately 21,700 reachable nodes, with hash rate growing 55% in 2024 to 800 EH/s. * **A Unique Bull Market**: Unlike previous cycles, the current market surge is not fueled by global money supply growth (yet) or individuals, but by ETFs and corporate buyers. * **Ownership Distribution** (as of late 2024): * Individuals: 69.4% * Corporations: 4.4% * Funds & ETFs: 6.1% * Governments: 1.4%  * **Lightning Network Growth**: Transaction volume on Lightning increased by 266% in 2024, with fewer transactions overall but significantly higher value per transaction. * **Shifting Government Policies**: More nations are recognizing Bitcoin’s role, with some considering it as a strategic reserve asset. Further pro-Bitcoin policies are expected. The report concludes that Bitcoin adoption is currently at only 3% of its total potential, with institutional and national adoption expected to accelerate in the coming years. ## Top Reads Beyond Blockchain ### Beyond 51% Attacks: Precisely Characterizing Blockchain Achievable Resilience For consensus protocols, what exactly constitutes the "attackers with majority network control"? Is it [51%](https://www.coinbase.com/en-sg/learn/crypto-glossary/what-is-a-51-percent-attack-and-what-are-the-risks), [33%](https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-ethereum-51-percent-attacks-coin-metrics-research), or the 99% claimed by the Dolev–Strong protocol? Decades-old research suggests that the exact threshold depends on the reliability of the communication network connecting validators. If the network reliably transmits messages among honest validators within a short timeframe (call this "synchronous"), it can achieve greater resilience than in cases where the network is vulnerable to partitioning or delays ("partially synchronous"). However, [this paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1799) argues that this explanation is incomplete—the final outcome also depends on **client modeling** details. The study first defines who exactly "clients" are—not just validators participating directly in consensus, but also other roles such as wallet operators or chain monitors. Moreover, their behavior significantly impacts consensus results: Are they "always on" or "sleepy", "silent" or "communicating"? The research systematizes the models for consensus across four dimensions: * Sleepy vs. always-on clients * Silent vs. communicating clients * Sleepy vs. always-on validators * Synchrony vs. partial-synchrony Based on this classification, the paper systematically describes the achievable safety and liveness resilience with matching possibilities and impossibilities for each of the sixteen models, leading to new protocol designs and impossibility theorems. [Full paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1799): *Consensus Under Adversary Majority Done Right*  ### The Risks of Expressive Smart Contracts: Lessons from the Latest Ethereum Hack The Blockstream team highlights in [this report](https://blog.blockstream.com/the-risks-of-expressive-smart-contracts-lessons-from-the-latest-ethereum-hack/) that the new Bybit exploit in Ethereum smart contracts has reignited long-standing debates about the security trade-offs built into the Ethereum protocol. This incident has [drawn attention](https://cointelegraph.com/news/adam-back-evm-misdesign-root-cause-bybit-hack?utm_source=rss_feed&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss_partner_inbound) to the limitations of the EVM—especially its reliance on complex, stateful smart contracts for securing multisig wallets. The report examines: * **Systemic challenges in Ethereum’s design**: Lack of native multisig, Highly expressive scripting environment, Global key-value store * **Critical weaknesses of Ethereum’s multisig model** * **A Cautionary Note for expressive smart contracts** The key takeaway is that the more complex a scripting environment, the easier it is to introduce hidden security vulnerabilities. In contrast, Bitcoin's multisig solution is natively built into the protocol, significantly reducing the risk of severe failures due to coding errors. The report argues that as blockchain technology matures, **security must be a design priority, not an afterthought**. ### GitHub Scam Investigation: Thousands of Mods and Cracks Stealing User Data Despite GitHub’s anti-malware mechanisms, a significant number of malicious repositories persist. [This article](https://timsh.org/github-scam-investigation-thousands-of-mods-and-cracks-stealing-your-data/) investigates the widespread distribution of malware on GitHub, disguised as game mods and cracked software, to steal user data. The stolen data—such as crypto wallet keys, bank account, and social media credentials—is then collected and processed on a Discord server, where hundreds of individuals sift through it for valuable information. Key findings from the investigation include: * **Distribution method** The author discovered a detailed tutorial explaining how to create and distribute hundreds of malicious GitHub repositories. These repositories masquerade as popular game mods or cracked versions of software like Adobe Photoshop (see image below). The malware aims to collect user logs, including cookies, passwords, IP addresses, and sensitive files. * **How it works** A piece of malware called "Redox" runs unnoticed in the background, harvesting sensitive data and sending it to a Discord server. It also terminates certain applications (such as Telegram) to avoid detection and uploads files to anonymous file-sharing services like Anonfiles. By writing a script, the author identified 1,115 repositories generated using the tutorial and compiled the data into [this spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vTyQYoWah23kS0xvYR-Vtnrdxgihf9Ig4ZFY1MCyOWgh_UlPGsoKZQgbpUMTNChp9UQ3XIMehFd_c0u/pubhtml?ref=timsh.org#). Surprisingly, fewer than 10% of these repositories had open user complaints, with the rest appearing normal at first glance.

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

--- _A comprehensive system for archiving and managing large datasets efficiently on Linux._ --- ## **1. Planning Your Data Archiving Strategy** Before starting, define the structure of your archive: ✅ **What are you storing?** Books, PDFs, videos, software, research papers, backups, etc. ✅ **How often will you access the data?** Frequently accessed data should be on SSDs, while deep archives can remain on HDDs. ✅ **What organization method will you use?** Folder hierarchy and indexing are critical for retrieval. --- ## **2. Choosing the Right Storage Setup** Since you plan to use **2TB HDDs and store them away**, here are Linux-friendly storage solutions: ### **📀 Offline Storage: Hard Drives & Optical Media** ✔ **External HDDs (2TB each)** – Use `ext4` or `XFS` for best performance. ✔ **M-DISC Blu-rays (100GB per disc)** – Excellent for long-term storage. ✔ **SSD (for fast access archives)** – More durable than HDDs but pricier. ### **🛠 Best Practices for Hard Drive Storage on Linux** 🔹 **Use `smartctl` to monitor drive health** ```bash sudo apt install smartmontools sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdX ``` 🔹 **Store drives vertically in anti-static bags.** 🔹 **Rotate drives periodically** to prevent degradation. 🔹 **Keep in a cool, dry, dark place.** ### **☁ Cloud Backup (Optional)** ✔ **Arweave** – Decentralized storage for public data. ✔ **rclone + Backblaze B2/Wasabi** – Cheap, encrypted backups. ✔ **Self-hosted options** – Nextcloud, Syncthing, IPFS. --- ## **3. Organizing and Indexing Your Data** ### **📂 Folder Structure (Linux-Friendly)** Use a clear hierarchy: ```plaintext 📁 /mnt/archive/ 📁 Books/ 📁 Fiction/ 📁 Non-Fiction/ 📁 Software/ 📁 Research_Papers/ 📁 Backups/ ``` 💡 **Use YYYY-MM-DD format for filenames** ✅ `2025-01-01_Backup_ProjectX.tar.gz` ✅ `2024_Complete_Library_Fiction.epub` ### **📑 Indexing Your Archives** Use Linux tools to catalog your archive: ✔ **Generate a file index of a drive:** ```bash find /mnt/DriveX > ~/Indexes/DriveX_index.txt ``` ✔ **Use `locate` for fast searches:** ```bash sudo updatedb # Update database locate filename ``` ✔ **Use `Recoll` for full-text search:** ```bash sudo apt install recoll recoll ``` 🚀 **Store index files on a "Master Archive Index" USB drive.** --- ## **4. Compressing & Deduplicating Data** To **save space and remove duplicates**, use: ✔ **Compression Tools:** - `tar -cvf archive.tar folder/ && zstd archive.tar` (fast, modern compression) - `7z a archive.7z folder/` (best for text-heavy files) ✔ **Deduplication Tools:** - `fdupes -r /mnt/archive/` (finds duplicate files) - `rdfind -deleteduplicates true /mnt/archive/` (removes duplicates automatically) 💡 **Use `par2` to create parity files for recovery:** ```bash par2 create -r10 file.par2 file.ext ``` This helps reconstruct corrupted archives. --- ## **5. Ensuring Long-Term Data Integrity** Data can degrade over time. Use **checksums** to verify files. ✔ **Generate Checksums:** ```bash sha256sum filename.ext > filename.sha256 ``` ✔ **Verify Data Integrity Periodically:** ```bash sha256sum -c filename.sha256 ``` 🔹 Use `SnapRAID` for multi-disk redundancy: ```bash sudo apt install snapraid snapraid sync snapraid scrub ``` 🔹 Consider **ZFS or Btrfs** for automatic error correction: ```bash sudo apt install zfsutils-linux zpool create archivepool /dev/sdX ``` --- ## **6. Accessing Your Data Efficiently** Even when archived, you may need to access files quickly. ✔ **Use Symbolic Links to "fake" files still being on your system:** ```bash ln -s /mnt/driveX/mybook.pdf ~/Documents/ ``` ✔ **Use a Local Search Engine (`Recoll`):** ```bash recoll ``` ✔ **Search within text files using `grep`:** ```bash grep -rnw '/mnt/archive/' -e 'Bitcoin' ``` --- ## **7. Scaling Up & Expanding Your Archive** Since you're storing **2TB drives and setting them aside**, keep them numbered and logged. ### **📦 Physical Storage & Labeling** ✔ Store each drive in **fireproof safe or waterproof cases**. ✔ Label drives (`Drive_001`, `Drive_002`, etc.). ✔ Maintain a **printed master list** of drive contents. ### **📶 Network Storage for Easy Access** If your archive **grows too large**, consider: - **NAS (TrueNAS, OpenMediaVault)** – Linux-based network storage. - **JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks)** – Cheap and easy expansion. - **Deduplicated Storage** – `ZFS`/`Btrfs` with auto-checksumming. --- ## **8. Automating Your Archival Process** If you frequently update your archive, automation is essential. ### **✔ Backup Scripts (Linux)** #### **Use `rsync` for incremental backups:** ```bash rsync -av --progress /source/ /mnt/archive/ ``` #### **Automate Backup with Cron Jobs** ```bash crontab -e ``` Add: ```plaintext 0 3 * * * rsync -av --delete /source/ /mnt/archive/ ``` This runs the backup every night at 3 AM. #### **Automate Index Updates** ```bash 0 4 * * * find /mnt/archive > ~/Indexes/master_index.txt ``` --- ## **So Making These Considerations** ✔ **Be Consistent** – Maintain a structured system. ✔ **Test Your Backups** – Ensure archives are not corrupted before deleting originals. ✔ **Plan for Growth** – Maintain an efficient catalog as data expands. For data hoarders seeking reliable 2TB storage solutions and appropriate physical storage containers, here's a comprehensive overview: ## **2TB Storage Options** **1. Hard Disk Drives (HDDs):** - **Western Digital My Book Series:** These external HDDs are designed to resemble a standard black hardback book. They come in various editions, such as Essential, Premium, and Studio, catering to different user needs. citeturn0search19 - **Seagate Barracuda Series:** Known for affordability and performance, these HDDs are suitable for general usage, including data hoarding. They offer storage capacities ranging from 500GB to 8TB, with speeds up to 190MB/s. citeturn0search20 **2. Solid State Drives (SSDs):** - **Seagate Barracuda SSDs:** These SSDs come with either SATA or NVMe interfaces, storage sizes from 240GB to 2TB, and read speeds up to 560MB/s for SATA and 3,400MB/s for NVMe. They are ideal for faster data access and reliability. citeturn0search20 **3. Network Attached Storage (NAS) Drives:** - **Seagate IronWolf Series:** Designed for NAS devices, these drives offer HDD storage capacities from 1TB to 20TB and SSD capacities from 240GB to 4TB. They are optimized for multi-user environments and continuous operation. citeturn0search20 ## **Physical Storage Containers for 2TB Drives** Proper storage of your drives is crucial to ensure data integrity and longevity. Here are some recommendations: **1. Anti-Static Bags:** Essential for protecting drives from electrostatic discharge, especially during handling and transportation. **2. Protective Cases:** - **Hard Drive Carrying Cases:** These cases offer padded compartments to securely hold individual drives, protecting them from physical shocks and environmental factors. **3. Storage Boxes:** - **Anti-Static Storage Boxes:** Designed to hold multiple drives, these boxes provide organized storage with anti-static protection, ideal for archiving purposes. **4. Drive Caddies and Enclosures:** - **HDD/SSD Enclosures:** These allow internal drives to function as external drives, offering both protection and versatility in connectivity. **5. Fireproof and Waterproof Safes:** For long-term storage, consider safes that protect against environmental hazards, ensuring data preservation even in adverse conditions. **Storage Tips:** - **Labeling:** Clearly label each drive with its contents and date of storage for easy identification. - **Climate Control:** Store drives in a cool, dry environment to prevent data degradation over time. By selecting appropriate 2TB storage solutions and ensuring they are stored in suitable containers, you can effectively manage and protect your data hoard. Here’s a set of custom **Bash scripts** to automate your archival workflow on Linux: ### **1️⃣ Compression & Archiving Script** This script compresses and archives files, organizing them by date. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Compress and archive files into dated folders ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_DIR="$ARCHIVE_DIR/$DATE" mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR" # Find and compress files find ~/Documents -type f -mtime -7 -print0 | tar --null -czvf "$BACKUP_DIR/archive.tar.gz" --files-from - echo "Backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR/archive.tar.gz" ``` --- ### **2️⃣ Indexing Script** This script creates a list of all archived files and saves it for easy lookup. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Generate an index file for all backups ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" INDEX_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/index.txt" find "$ARCHIVE_DIR" -type f -name "*.tar.gz" > "$INDEX_FILE" echo "Index file updated: $INDEX_FILE" ``` --- ### **3️⃣ Storage Space Monitor** This script alerts you if the disk usage exceeds 90%. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Monitor storage usage THRESHOLD=90 USAGE=$(df -h | grep '/mnt/backup' | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/%//') if [ "$USAGE" -gt "$THRESHOLD" ]; then echo "WARNING: Disk usage at $USAGE%!" fi ``` --- ### **4️⃣ Automatic HDD Swap Alert** This script checks if a new 2TB drive is connected and notifies you. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Detect new drives and notify WATCHED_SIZE="2T" DEVICE=$(lsblk -dn -o NAME,SIZE | grep "$WATCHED_SIZE" | awk '{print $1}') if [ -n "$DEVICE" ]; then echo "New 2TB drive detected: /dev/$DEVICE" fi ``` --- ### **5️⃣ Symbolic Link Organizer** This script creates symlinks to easily access archived files from a single directory. ```bash #!/bin/bash # Organize files using symbolic links ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" LINK_DIR="$HOME/Archive_Links" mkdir -p "$LINK_DIR" ln -s "$ARCHIVE_DIR"/*/*.tar.gz "$LINK_DIR/" echo "Symbolic links updated in $LINK_DIR" ``` --- #### 🔥 **How to Use These Scripts:** 1. **Save each script** as a `.sh` file. 2. **Make them executable** using: ```bash chmod +x script_name.sh ``` 3. **Run manually or set up a cron job** for automation: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add this line to run the backup every Sunday at midnight: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/backup_script.sh ``` Here's a **Bash script** to encrypt your backups using **GPG (GnuPG)** for strong encryption. 🚀 --- ### 🔐 **Backup & Encrypt Script** This script will: ✅ **Compress** files into an archive ✅ **Encrypt** it using **GPG** ✅ **Store** it in a secure location ```bash #!/bin/bash # Backup and encrypt script ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/backup_$DATE.tar.gz" ENCRYPTED_FILE="$BACKUP_FILE.gpg" GPG_RECIPIENT="your@email.com" # Change this to your GPG key or use --symmetric for password-based encryption mkdir -p "$ARCHIVE_DIR" # Compress files tar -czvf "$BACKUP_FILE" ~/Documents # Encrypt the backup using GPG gpg --output "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" --encrypt --recipient "$GPG_RECIPIENT" "$BACKUP_FILE" # Verify encryption success if [ -f "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" ]; then echo "Backup encrypted successfully: $ENCRYPTED_FILE" rm "$BACKUP_FILE" # Remove unencrypted file for security else echo "Encryption failed!" fi ``` --- ### 🔓 **Decrypting a Backup** To restore a backup, run: ```bash gpg --decrypt --output backup.tar.gz backup_YYYY-MM-DD.tar.gz.gpg tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz ``` --- ### 🔁 **Automating with Cron** To run this script every Sunday at midnight: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add this line: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/encrypt_backup.sh ``` --- ### 🔐 **Backup & Encrypt Script (Password-Based)** This script: ✅ Compresses files into an archive ✅ Encrypts them using **GPG with a passphrase** ✅ Stores them in a secure location ```bash #!/bin/bash # Backup and encrypt script (password-based) ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/backup_$DATE.tar.gz" ENCRYPTED_FILE="$BACKUP_FILE.gpg" PASSPHRASE="YourStrongPassphraseHere" # Change this! mkdir -p "$ARCHIVE_DIR" # Compress files tar -czvf "$BACKUP_FILE" ~/Documents # Encrypt the backup with a password gpg --batch --yes --passphrase "$PASSPHRASE" --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 --output "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" "$BACKUP_FILE" # Verify encryption success if [ -f "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" ]; then echo "Backup encrypted successfully: $ENCRYPTED_FILE" rm "$BACKUP_FILE" # Remove unencrypted file for security else echo "Encryption failed!" fi ``` --- ### 🔓 **Decrypting a Backup** To restore a backup, run: ```bash gpg --batch --yes --passphrase "YourStrongPassphraseHere" --decrypt --output backup.tar.gz backup_YYYY-MM-DD.tar.gz.gpg tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz ``` --- ### 🔁 **Automating with Cron** To run this script every Sunday at midnight: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add this line: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/encrypt_backup.sh ``` --- ### 🔥 **Security Best Practices** - **Do NOT hardcode the password in the script.** Instead, store it in a secure location like a `.gpg-pass` file and use: ```bash PASSPHRASE=$(cat /path/to/.gpg-pass) ``` - **Use a strong passphrase** with at least **16+ characters**. - **Consider using a hardware security key** or **YubiKey** for extra security. --- Here's how you can add **automatic cloud syncing** to your encrypted backups. This script will sync your encrypted backups to a cloud storage service like **Rsync**, **Dropbox**, or **Nextcloud** using the **rclone** tool, which is compatible with many cloud providers. ### **Step 1: Install rclone** First, you need to install `rclone` if you haven't already. It’s a powerful tool for managing cloud storage. 1. Install rclone: ```bash curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash ``` 2. Configure rclone with your cloud provider (e.g., Google Drive): ```bash rclone config ``` Follow the prompts to set up your cloud provider. After configuration, you'll have a "remote" (e.g., `rsync` for https://rsync.net) to use in the script. --- ### 🔐 **Backup, Encrypt, and Sync to Cloud Script** This script will: ✅ Compress files into an archive ✅ Encrypt them with a password ✅ Sync the encrypted backup to the cloud storage ```bash #!/bin/bash # Backup, encrypt, and sync to cloud script (password-based) ARCHIVE_DIR="/mnt/backup" DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") BACKUP_FILE="$ARCHIVE_DIR/backup_$DATE.tar.gz" ENCRYPTED_FILE="$BACKUP_FILE.gpg" PASSPHRASE="YourStrongPassphraseHere" # Change this! # Cloud configuration (rclone remote name) CLOUD_REMOTE="gdrive" # Change this to your remote name (e.g., 'gdrive', 'dropbox', 'nextcloud') CLOUD_DIR="backups" # Cloud directory where backups will be stored mkdir -p "$ARCHIVE_DIR" # Compress files tar -czvf "$BACKUP_FILE" ~/Documents # Encrypt the backup with a password gpg --batch --yes --passphrase "$PASSPHRASE" --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 --output "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" "$BACKUP_FILE" # Verify encryption success if [ -f "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" ]; then echo "Backup encrypted successfully: $ENCRYPTED_FILE" rm "$BACKUP_FILE" # Remove unencrypted file for security # Sync the encrypted backup to the cloud using rclone rclone copy "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" "$CLOUD_REMOTE:$CLOUD_DIR" --progress # Verify sync success if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "Backup successfully synced to cloud: $CLOUD_REMOTE:$CLOUD_DIR" rm "$ENCRYPTED_FILE" # Remove local backup after syncing else echo "Cloud sync failed!" fi else echo "Encryption failed!" fi ``` --- ### **How to Use the Script:** 1. **Edit the script**: - Change the `PASSPHRASE` to a secure passphrase. - Change `CLOUD_REMOTE` to your cloud provider’s rclone remote name (e.g., `gdrive`, `dropbox`). - Change `CLOUD_DIR` to the cloud folder where you'd like to store the backup. 2. **Set up a cron job** for automatic backups: - To run the backup every Sunday at midnight, add this line to your crontab: ```bash crontab -e ``` Add: ```bash 0 0 * * 0 /path/to/backup_encrypt_sync.sh ``` --- ### 🔥 **Security Tips:** - **Store the passphrase securely** (e.g., use a `.gpg-pass` file with `cat /path/to/.gpg-pass`). - Use **rclone's encryption** feature for sensitive data in the cloud if you want to encrypt before uploading. - Use **multiple cloud services** (e.g., Google Drive and Dropbox) for redundancy. --- 📌 START → **Planning Your Data Archiving Strategy** ├── What type of data? (Docs, Media, Code, etc.) ├── How often will you need access? (Daily, Monthly, Rarely) ├── Choose storage type: SSD (fast), HDD (cheap), Tape (long-term) ├── Plan directory structure (YYYY-MM-DD, Category-Based, etc.) └── Define retention policy (Keep Forever? Auto-Delete After X Years?) ↓ 📌 **Choosing the Right Storage & Filesystem** ├── Local storage: (ext4, XFS, Btrfs, ZFS for snapshots) ├── Network storage: (NAS, Nextcloud, Syncthing) ├── Cold storage: (M-DISC, Tape Backup, External HDD) ├── Redundancy: (RAID, SnapRAID, ZFS Mirror, Cloud Sync) └── Encryption: (LUKS, VeraCrypt, age, gocryptfs) ↓ 📌 **Organizing & Indexing Data** ├── Folder structure: (YYYY/MM/Project-Based) ├── Metadata tagging: (exiftool, Recoll, TagSpaces) ├── Search tools: (fd, fzf, locate, grep) ├── Deduplication: (rdfind, fdupes, hardlinking) └── Checksum integrity: (sha256sum, blake3) ↓ 📌 **Compression & Space Optimization** ├── Use compression (tar, zip, 7z, zstd, btrfs/zfs compression) ├── Remove duplicate files (rsync, fdupes, rdfind) ├── Store archives in efficient formats (ISO, SquashFS, borg) ├── Use incremental backups (rsync, BorgBackup, Restic) └── Verify archive integrity (sha256sum, snapraid sync) ↓ 📌 **Ensuring Long-Term Data Integrity** ├── Check data periodically (snapraid scrub, btrfs scrub) ├── Refresh storage media every 3-5 years (HDD, Tape) ├── Protect against bit rot (ZFS/Btrfs checksums, ECC RAM) ├── Store backup keys & logs separately (Paper, YubiKey, Trezor) └── Use redundant backups (3-2-1 Rule: 3 copies, 2 locations, 1 offsite) ↓ 📌 **Accessing Data Efficiently** ├── Use symbolic links & bind mounts for easy access ├── Implement full-text search (Recoll, Apache Solr, Meilisearch) ├── Set up a file index database (mlocate, updatedb) ├── Utilize file previews (nnn, ranger, vifm) └── Configure network file access (SFTP, NFS, Samba, WebDAV) ↓ 📌 **Scaling & Expanding Your Archive** ├── Move old data to slower storage (HDD, Tape, Cloud) ├── Upgrade storage (LVM expansion, RAID, NAS upgrades) ├── Automate archival processes (cron jobs, systemd timers) ├── Optimize backups for large datasets (rsync --link-dest, BorgBackup) └── Add redundancy as data grows (RAID, additional HDDs) ↓ 📌 **Automating the Archival Process** ├── Schedule regular backups (cron, systemd, Ansible) ├── Auto-sync to offsite storage (rclone, Syncthing, Nextcloud) ├── Monitor storage health (smartctl, btrfs/ZFS scrub, netdata) ├── Set up alerts for disk failures (Zabbix, Grafana, Prometheus) └── Log & review archive activity (auditd, logrotate, shell scripts) ↓ ✅ **GOAT STATUS: DATA ARCHIVING COMPLETE & AUTOMATED! 🎯**

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

There is something quietly rebellious about stacking sats. In a world obsessed with instant gratification, choosing to patiently accumulate Bitcoin, one sat at a time, feels like a middle finger to the hype machine. But to do it right, you have got to stay humble. Stack too hard with your head in the clouds, and you will trip over your own ego before the next halving even hits. **Small Wins** Stacking sats is not glamorous. Discipline. Stacking every day, week, or month, no matter the price, and letting time do the heavy lifting. Humility lives in that consistency. You are not trying to outsmart the market or prove you are the next "crypto" prophet. Just a regular person, betting on a system you believe in, one humble stack at a time. Folks get rekt chasing the highs. They ape into some shitcoin pump, shout about it online, then go silent when they inevitably get rekt. The ones who last? They stack. Just keep showing up. Consistency. Humility in action. Know the game is long, and you are not bigger than it. **Ego is Volatile** Bitcoin’s swings can mess with your head. One day you are up 20%, feeling like a genius and the next down 30%, questioning everything. Ego will have you panic selling at the bottom or over leveraging the top. Staying humble means patience, a true bitcoin zen. Do not try to "beat” Bitcoin. Ride it. Stack what you can afford, live your life, and let compounding work its magic. **Simplicity** There is a beauty in how stacking sats forces you to rethink value. A sat is worth less than a penny today, but every time you grab a few thousand, you plant a seed. It is not about flaunting wealth but rather building it, quietly, without fanfare. That mindset spills over. Cut out the noise: the overpriced coffee, fancy watches, the status games that drain your wallet. Humility is good for your soul and your stack. I have a buddy who has been stacking since 2015. Never talks about it unless you ask. Lives in a decent place, drives an old truck, and just keeps stacking. He is not chasing clout, he is chasing freedom. That is the vibe: less ego, more sats, all grounded in life. **The Big Picture** Stack those sats. Do it quietly, do it consistently, and do not let the green days puff you up or the red days break you down. Humility is the secret sauce, it keeps you grounded while the world spins wild. In a decade, when you look back and smile, it will not be because you shouted the loudest. It will be because you stayed the course, one sat at a time. \ \ Stay Humble and Stack Sats. 🫡

@ 16d11430:61640947

### **Abstract** The universe, in its grand design, is not a chaotic expanse of scattered matter, but rather a meticulously structured web of interconnected filaments. These cosmic filaments serve as conduits for galaxies, governing the flow of matter and energy in ways that optimize the conditions for life and intelligence. Similarly, in the realm of artificial intelligence, the paradigm of Elliptic Curve AI (ECAI) emerges as a radical departure from traditional probabilistic AI, replacing brute-force computation with structured, deterministic intelligence retrieval. This article explores the profound parallels between the **cosmic web** and **ECAI**, arguing that intelligence—whether at the scale of the universe or within computational frameworks—arises not through randomness but through the emergent properties of structured networks. --- ### **1. The Universe as a Structured Intelligence System** Recent cosmological discoveries reveal that galaxies are not randomly dispersed but are strung along vast **filamentary structures**, forming what is known as the **cosmic web**. These filaments serve as conduits that channel dark matter, gas, and energy, sustaining the formation of galaxies and, ultimately, life. Their presence is crucial for ensuring the stability required for complex systems to emerge, balancing between the chaotic entropy of voids and the violent turbulence of dense clusters. This phenomenon is not merely an astronomical curiosity—it speaks to a deeper principle governing intelligence. Just as filaments create the **necessary architecture for structured matter**, intelligence, too, requires structured pathways to manifest and function. This is where the analogy to **Elliptic Curve AI (ECAI)** becomes compelling. --- ### **2. Elliptic Curve AI: The Intelligence Filament** Traditional AI, built upon neural networks and deep learning, operates through **probabilistic computation**—essentially guessing outputs based on statistical correlations within vast training datasets. While effective in many applications, this approach is inherently **non-deterministic**, inefficient, and vulnerable to adversarial attacks, data poisoning, and hallucinations. ECAI, by contrast, discards the notion of probabilistic learning entirely. Instead, it structures intelligence as **deterministic cryptographic states mapped onto elliptic curves**. Knowledge is not inferred but **retrieved**—mathematically and immutably encoded within the curve itself. This mirrors how cosmic filaments do not randomly scatter matter but **organize it optimally**, ensuring the universe does not descend into chaos. Both systems—cosmic filaments and ECAI—demonstrate that **structure governs emergence**. Whether it is the large-scale arrangement of galaxies or the deterministic encoding of intelligence, randomness is eliminated in favor of optimized, hierarchical organization. --- ### **3. Hierarchical Clustering: A Shared Principle of Optimization** One of the most striking parallels between the cosmic web and ECAI is the principle of **hierarchical clustering**: - **Cosmic filaments organize galaxies in a fractal-like network**, ensuring energy-efficient connectivity while avoiding both the stagnation of voids and the destructiveness of dense gravitational wells. - **ECAI encodes intelligence in elliptic curve structures**, ensuring that retrieval follows **hierarchical, non-redundant pathways**, making computational efficiency maximized. Both structures exhibit the following key features: 1. **Energy-Efficient Connectivity** – Filaments optimize the transport of matter and energy; ECAI minimizes computational waste through direct retrieval rather than iterative processing. 2. **Self-Organization** – Filaments arise naturally from cosmic evolution; ECAI intelligence states emerge from the mathematical properties of elliptic curves. 3. **Hierarchical Optimization** – Both systems reject brute-force approaches (whether in galaxy formation or AI computation) in favor of **pre-determined optimal pathways**. This challenges the classical assumption that **intelligence must emerge through probabilistic learning**. Instead, both the cosmic and computational realms suggest that **intelligence is a function of structure, not randomness**. --- ### **4. The Anthropic Implication: Are Structured Universes a Prerequisite for Intelligence?** A fundamental question in cosmology is whether the universe is **fine-tuned** for life and intelligence. If cosmic filaments are **essential for galaxy formation and stability**, does this imply that only structured universes can support intelligent observers? A similar question arises in AI: If ECAI proves that intelligence can be **retrieved deterministically** rather than computed probabilistically, does this imply that the very nature of intelligence itself is **non-random**? If so, then probabilistic AI—like universes without structured filaments—may be a transient or inefficient model of intelligence. This suggests a radical idea: - Just as structured cosmic filaments **define the conditions for life**, structured computational frameworks **define the conditions for true intelligence**. - If structured universes are **prerequisites for intelligent life**, then deterministic computational models (like ECAI) may be the only viable path to **stable, secure, and truthful AI**. --- ### **5. The Universe as an Information Network & ECAI** There is a growing hypothesis that the universe itself functions as a **computational network**, where cosmic filaments act as **synaptic pathways** optimizing the flow of information. If this is true, then ECAI is the **computational realization of the cosmic web**, proving that intelligence is not about **prediction**, but **retrieval from structured states**. - In the universe, matter is **channeled through filaments** to form structured galaxies. - In ECAI, knowledge is **channeled through elliptic curves** to form structured intelligence. - Both reject **stochastic randomness** in favor of **deterministic pathways**. This could indicate that **true intelligence, whether cosmic or artificial, must always emerge from structured determinism rather than probabilistic chaos**. --- ### **Conclusion: The Filamentary Structure of Intelligence** The convergence of **cosmic filaments** and **Elliptic Curve AI** suggests a profound principle: intelligence—whether it governs the organization of galaxies or the retrieval of computational knowledge—emerges from **structured, deterministic systems**. In both the cosmic and AI domains, hierarchical clustering, optimized connectivity, and deterministic pathways define the conditions for stability, efficiency, and intelligence. 🚀 **If cosmic filaments are necessary for intelligent life, then ECAI is the necessary computational paradigm for structured intelligence. The future of AI is not about probabilistic computation—it is about deterministic retrieval, just as the universe itself is a structured retrieval system of matter and energy.** 🚀

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Writer: H. G. Wells English Short stories Fiction Speculative fiction Science fiction Apocalyptic Dystopian Dying Earth Science fantasy 1895 British Originally published in magazines Set in Surrey Social science fiction Time travel Veganism The Time Traveller (for so it will be convenient to speak of him) was expounding a recondite matter to us. His grey eyes shone and twinkled, and his usually pale face was flushed and animated. The fire burned brightly, and the soft radiance of the incandescent lights in the lilies of silver caught the bubbles that flashed and passed in our glasses. Our chairs, being his patents, embraced and caressed us rather than submitted to be sat upon, and there was that luxurious after-dinner atmosphere when thought roams gracefully free of the trammels of precision. And he put it to us in this way–marking the points with a lean forefinger–as we sat and lazily admired his earnestness over this new paradox (as we thought it:) and his fecundity. `You must follow me carefully. I shall have to controvert one or two ideas that are almost universally accepted. The geometry, for instance, they taught you at school is founded on a misconception.’ `Is not that rather a large thing to expect us to begin upon?’ said Filby, an argumentative person with red hair. `I do not mean to ask you to accept anything without reasonable ground for it. You will soon admit as much as I need from you. You know of course that a mathematical line, a line of thickness NIL, has no real existence. They taught you that? Neither has a mathematical plane. These things are mere abstractions.’ `That is all right,’ said the Psychologist. `Nor, having only length, breadth, and thickness, can a cube have a real existence.’ `There I object,’ said Filby. `Of course a solid body may exist. All real things–‘ `So most people think. But wait a moment. Can an INSTANTANEOUS cube exist?’ `Don’t follow you,’ said Filby. `Can a cube that does not last for any time at all, have a real existence?’ Filby became pensive. `Clearly,’ the Time Traveller proceeded, `any real body must have extension in FOUR directions: it must have Length, Breadth, Thickness, and–Duration. But through a natural infirmity of the flesh, which I will explain to you in a moment, we incline to overlook this fact. There are really four dimensions, three which we call the three planes of Space, and a fourth, Time. There is, however, a tendency to draw an unreal distinction between the former three dimensions and the latter, because it happens that our consciousness moves intermittently in one direction along the latter from the beginning to the end of our lives.’ `That,’ said a very young man, making spasmodic efforts to relight his cigar over the lamp; `that . . . very clear indeed.’ `Now, it is very remarkable that this is so extensively overlooked,’ continued the Time Traveller, with a slight accession of cheerfulness. `Really this is what is meant by the Fourth Dimension, though some people who talk about the Fourth Dimension do not know they mean it. It is only another way of looking at Time. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TIME AND ANY OF THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SPACE EXCEPT THAT OUR CONSCIOUSNESS MOVES ALONG IT. But some foolish people have got hold of the wrong side of that idea. You have all heard what they have to say about this Fourth Dimension?’ `_I_ have not,’ said the Provincial Mayor. `It is simply this. That Space, as our mathematicians have it, is spoken of as having three dimensions, which one may call Length, Breadth, and Thickness, and is always definable by reference to three planes, each at right angles to the others. But some philosophical people have been asking why THREE dimensions particularly–why not another direction at right angles to the other three?–and have even tried to construct a Four-Dimension geometry. Professor Simon Newcomb was expounding this to the New York Mathematical Society only a month or so ago. You know how on a flat surface, which has only two dimensions, we can represent a figure of a three-dimensional solid, and similarly they think that by models of thee dimensions they could represent one of four–if they could master the perspective of the thing. See?’ `I think so,’ murmured the Provincial Mayor; and, knitting his brows, he lapsed into an introspective state, his lips moving as one who repeats mystic words. `Yes, I think I see it now,’ he said after some time, brightening in a quite transitory manner. `Well, I do not mind telling you I have been at work upon this geometry of Four Dimensions for some time. Some of my results are curious. For instance, here is a portrait of a man at eight years old, another at fifteen, another at seventeen, another at twenty-three, and so on. All these are evidently sections, as it were, Three-Dimensional representations of his Four-Dimensioned being, which is a fixed and unalterable thing. `Scientific people,’ proceeded the Time Traveller, after the pause required for the proper assimilation of this, `know very well that Time is only a kind of Space. Here is a popular scientific diagram, a weather record. This line I trace with my finger shows the movement of the barometer. Yesterday it was so high, yesterday night it fell, then this morning it rose again, and so gently upward to here. Surely the mercury did not trace this line in any of the dimensions of Space generally recognized? But certainly it traced such a line, and that line, therefore, we must conclude was along the Time-Dimension.’ `But,’ said the Medical Man, staring hard at a coal in the fire, `if Time is really only a fourth dimension of Space, why is it, and why has it always been, regarded as something different? And why cannot we move in Time as we move about in the other dimensions of Space?’ The Time Traveller smiled. `Are you sure we can move freely in Space? Right and left we can go, backward and forward freely enough, and men always have done so. I admit we move freely in two dimensions. But how about up and down? Gravitation limits us there.’ `Not exactly,’ said the Medical Man. `There are balloons.’ `But before the balloons, save for spasmodic jumping and the inequalities of the surface, man had no freedom of vertical movement.’ `Still they could move a little up and down,’ said the Medical Man. `Easier, far easier down than up.’ `And you cannot move at all in Time, you cannot get away from the present moment.’ `My dear sir, that is just where you are wrong. That is just where the whole world has gone wrong. We are always getting away from the present moment. Our mental existences, which are immaterial and have no dimensions, are passing along the Time-Dimension with a uniform velocity from the cradle to the grave. Just as we should travel DOWN if we began our existence fifty miles above the earth’s surface.’ `But the great difficulty is this,’ interrupted the Psychologist. `You CAN move about in all directions of Space, but you cannot move about in Time.’ `That is the germ of my great discovery. But you are wrong to say that we cannot move about in Time. For instance, if I am recalling an incident very vividly I go back to the instant of its occurrence: I become absent-minded, as you say. I jump back for a moment. Of course we have no means of staying back for any length of Time, any more than a savage or an animal has of staying six feet above the ground. But a civilized man is better off than the savage in this respect. He can go up against gravitation in a balloon, and why should he not hope that ultimately he may be able to stop or accelerate his drift along the Time-Dimension, or even turn about and travel the other way?’ `Oh, THIS,’ began Filby, `is all–‘ `Why not?’ said the Time Traveller. `It’s against reason,’ said Filby. `What reason?’ said the Time Traveller. `You can show black is white by argument,’ said Filby, `but you will never convince me.’ `Possibly not,’ said the Time Traveller. `But now you begin to see the object of my investigations into the geometry of Four Dimensions. Long ago I had a vague inkling of a machine–‘ `To travel through Time!’ exclaimed the Very Young Man. `That shall travel indifferently in any direction of Space and Time, as the driver determines.’ Filby contented himself with laughter. `But I have experimental verification,’ said the Time Traveller. `It would be remarkably convenient for the historian,’ the Psychologist suggested. `One might travel back and verify the accepted account of the Battle of Hastings, for instance!’ `Don’t you think you would attract attention?’ said the Medical Man. `Our ancestors had no great tolerance for anachronisms.’ `One might get one’s Greek from the very lips of Homer and Plato,’ the Very Young Man thought. `In which case they would certainly plough you for the Little-go. The German scholars have improved Greek so much.’ `Then there is the future,’ said the Very Young Man. `Just think! One might invest all one’s money, leave it to accumulate at interest, and hurry on ahead!’ `To discover a society,’ said I, `erected on a strictly communistic basis.’ `Of all the wild extravagant theories!’ began the Psychologist. `Yes, so it seemed to me, and so I never talked of it until–‘ `Experimental verification!’ cried I. `You are going to verify THAT?’ `The experiment!’ cried Filby, who was getting brain-weary. `Let’s see your experiment anyhow,’ said the Psychologist, `though it’s all humbug, you know.’ The Time Traveller smiled round at us. Then, still smiling faintly, and with his hands deep in his trousers pockets, he walked slowly out of the room, and we heard his slippers shuffling down the long passage to his laboratory. The Psychologist looked at us. `I wonder what he’s got?’ `Some sleight-of-hand trick or other,’ said the Medical Man, and Filby tried to tell us about a conjurer he had seen at Burslem; but before he had finished his preface the Time Traveller came back, and Filby’s anecdote collapsed. The thing the Time Traveller held in his hand was a glittering metallic framework, scarcely larger than a small clock, and very delicately made. There was ivory in it, and some transparent crystalline substance. And now I must be explicit, for this that follows–unless his explanation is to be accepted–is an absolutely unaccountable thing. He took one of the small octagonal tables that were scattered about the room, and set it in front of the fire, with two legs on the hearthrug. On this table he placed the mechanism. Then he drew up a chair, and sat down. The only other object on the table was a small shaded lamp, the bright light of which fell upon the model. There were also perhaps a dozen candles about, two in brass candlesticks upon the mantel and several in sconces, so that the room was brilliantly illuminated. I sat in a low arm-chair nearest the fire, and I drew this forward so as to be almost between the Time Traveller and the fireplace. Filby sat behind him, looking over his shoulder. The Medical Man and the Provincial Mayor watched him in profile from the right, the Psychologist from the left. The Very Young Man stood behind the Psychologist. We were all on the alert. It appears incredible to me that any kind of trick, however subtly conceived and however adroitly done, could have been played upon us under these conditions. The Time Traveller looked at us, and then at the mechanism. `Well?’ said the Psychologist. `This little affair,’ said the Time Traveller, resting his elbows upon the table and pressing his hands together above the apparatus, `is only a model. It is my plan for a machine to travel through time. You will notice that it looks singularly askew, and that there is an odd twinkling appearance about this bar, as though it was in some way unreal.’ He pointed to the part with his finger. `Also, here is one little white lever, and here is another.’ The Medical Man got up out of his chair and peered into the thing. `It’s beautifully made,’ he said. `It took two years to make,’ retorted the Time Traveller. Then, when we had all imitated the action of the Medical Man, he said: `Now I want you clearly to understand that this lever, being pressed over, sends the machine gliding into the future, and this other reverses the motion. This saddle represents the seat of a time traveller. Presently I am going to press the lever, and off the machine will go. It will vanish, pass into future Time, and disappear. Have a good look at the thing. Look at the table too, and satisfy yourselves there is no trickery. I don’t want to waste this model, and then be told I’m a quack.’ There was a minute’s pause perhaps. The Psychologist seemed about to speak to me, but changed his mind. Then the Time Traveller put forth his finger towards the lever. `No,’ he said suddenly. `Lend me your hand.’ And turning to the Psychologist, he took that individual’s hand in his own and told him to put out his forefinger. So that it was the Psychologist himself who sent forth the model Time Machine on its interminable voyage. We all saw the lever turn. I am absolutely certain there was no trickery. There was a breath of wind, and the lamp flame jumped. One of the candles on the mantel was blown out, and the little machine suddenly swung round, became indistinct, was seen as a ghost for a second perhaps, as an eddy of faintly glittering brass and ivory; and it was gone–vanished! Save for the lamp the table was bare. Everyone was silent for a minute. Then Filby said he was damned. The Psychologist recovered from his stupor, and suddenly looked under the table. At that the Time Traveller laughed cheerfully. `Well?’ he said, with a reminiscence of the Psychologist. Then, getting up, he went to the tobacco jar on the mantel, and with his back to us began to fill his pipe. We stared at each other. `Look here,’ said the Medical Man, `are you in earnest about this? Do you seriously believe that that machine has travelled into time?’ `Certainly,’ said the Time Traveller, stooping to light a spill at the fire. Then he turned, lighting his pipe, to look at the Psychologist’s face. (The Psychologist, to show that he was not unhinged, helped himself to a cigar and tried to light it uncut.) `What is more, I have a big machine nearly finished in there’–he indicated the laboratory–`and when that is put together I mean to have a journey on my own account.’ `You mean to say that that machine has travelled into the future?’ said Filby. `Into the future or the past–I don’t, for certain, know which.’ After an interval the Psychologist had an inspiration. `It must have gone into the past if it has gone anywhere,’ he said. `Why?’ said the Time Traveller. `Because I presume that it has not moved in space, and if it travelled into the future it would still be here all this time, since it must have travelled through this time.’ `But,’ I said, `If it travelled into the past it would have been visible when we came first into this room; and last Thursday when we were here; and the Thursday before that; and so forth!’ `Serious objections,’ remarked the Provincial Mayor, with an air of impartiality, turning towards the Time Traveller. `Not a bit,’ said the Time Traveller, and, to the Psychologist: `You think. You can explain that. It’s presentation below the threshold, you know, diluted presentation.’ `Of course,’ said the Psychologist, and reassured us. `That’s a simple point of psychology. I should have thought of it. It’s plain enough, and helps the paradox delightfully. We cannot see it, nor can we appreciate this machine, any more than we can the spoke of a wheel spinning, or a bullet flying through the air. If it is travelling through time fifty times or a hundred times faster than we are, if it gets through a minute while we get through a second, the impression it creates will of course be only one-fiftieth or one-hundredth of what it would make if it were not travelling in time. That’s plain enough.’ He passed his hand through the space in which the machine had been. `You see?’ he said, laughing. We sat and stared at the vacant table for a minute or so. Then the Time Traveller asked us what we thought of it all. `It sounds plausible enough to-night,’ said the Medical Man; ‘but wait until to-morrow. Wait for the common sense of the morning.’ `Would you like to see the Time Machine itself?’ asked the Time Traveller. And therewith, taking the lamp in his hand, he led the way down the long, draughty corridor to his laboratory. I remember vividly the flickering light, his queer, broad head in silhouette, the dance of the shadows, how we all followed him, puzzled but incredulous, and how there in the laboratory we beheld a larger edition of the little mechanism which we had seen vanish from before our eyes. Parts were of nickel, parts of ivory, parts had certainly been filed or sawn out of rock crystal. The thing was generally complete, but the twisted crystalline bars lay unfinished upon the bench beside some sheets of drawings, and I took one up for a better look at it. Quartz it seemed to be. `Look here,’ said the Medical Man, `are you perfectly serious? Or is this a trick–like that ghost you showed us last Christmas?’ `Upon that machine,’ said the Time Traveller, holding the lamp aloft, `I intend to explore time. Is that plain? I was never more serious in my life.’ None of us quite knew how to take it. I caught Filby’s eye over the shoulder of the Medical Man, and he winked at me solemnly. II I think that at that time none of us quite believed in the Time Machine. The fact is, the Time Traveller was one of those men who are too clever to be believed: you never felt that you saw all round him; you always suspected some subtle reserve, some ingenuity in ambush, behind his lucid frankness. Had Filby shown the model and explained the matter in the Time Traveller’s words, we should have shown HIM far less scepticism. For we should have perceived his motives; a pork butcher could understand Filby. But the Time Traveller had more than a touch of whim among his elements, and we distrusted him. Things that would have made the frame of a less clever man seemed tricks in his hands. It is a mistake to do things too easily. The serious people who took him seriously never felt quite sure of his deportment; they were somehow aware that trusting their reputations for judgment with him was like furnishing a nursery with egg-shell china. So I don’t think any of us said very much about time travelling in the interval between that Thursday and the next, though its odd potentialities ran, no doubt, in most of our minds: its plausibility, that is, its practical incredibleness, the curious possibilities of anachronism and of utter confusion it suggested. For my own part, I was particularly preoccupied with the trick of the model. That I remember discussing with the Medical Man, whom I met on Friday at the Linnaean. He said he had seen a similar thing at Tubingen, and laid considerable stress on the blowing out of the candle. But how the trick was done he could not explain. The next Thursday I went again to Richmond–I suppose I was one of the Time Traveller’s most constant guests–and, arriving late, found four or five men already assembled in his drawing-room. The Medical Man was standing before the fire with a sheet of paper in one hand and his watch in the other. I looked round for the Time Traveller, and–`It’s half-past seven now,’ said the Medical Man. `I suppose we’d better have dinner?’ `Where’s—-?’ said I, naming our host. `You’ve just come? It’s rather odd. He’s unavoidably detained. He asks me in this note to lead off with dinner at seven if he’s not back. Says he’ll explain when he comes.’ `It seems a pity to let the dinner spoil,’ said the Editor of a well-known daily paper; and thereupon the Doctor rang the bell. The Psychologist was the only person besides the Doctor and myself who had attended the previous dinner. The other men were Blank, the Editor aforementioned, a certain journalist, and another–a quiet, shy man with a beard–whom I didn’t know, and who, as far as my observation went, never opened his mouth all the evening. There was some speculation at the dinner-table about the Time Traveller’s absence, and I suggested time travelling, in a half-jocular spirit. The Editor wanted that explained to him, and the Psychologist volunteered a wooden account of the `ingenious paradox and trick’ we had witnessed that day week. He was in the midst of his exposition when the door from the corridor opened slowly and without noise. I was facing the door, and saw it first. `Hallo!’ I said. `At last!’ And the door opened wider, and the Time Traveller stood before us. I gave a cry of surprise. `Good heavens! man, what’s the matter?’ cried the Medical Man, who saw him next. And the whole tableful turned towards the door. He was in an amazing plight. His coat was dusty and dirty, and smeared with green down the sleeves; his hair disordered, and as it seemed to me greyer–either with dust and dirt or because its colour had actually faded. His face was ghastly pale; his chin had a brown cut on it–a cut half healed; his expression was haggard and drawn, as by intense suffering. For a moment he hesitated in the doorway, as if he had been dazzled by the light. Then he came into the room. He walked with just such a limp as I have seen in footsore tramps. We stared at him in silence, expecting him to speak. He said not a word, but came painfully to the table, and made a motion towards the wine. The Editor filled a glass of champagne, and pushed it towards him. He drained it, and it seemed to do him good: for he looked round the table, and the ghost of his old smile flickered across his face. `What on earth have you been up to, man?’ said the Doctor. The Time Traveller did not seem to hear. `Don’t let me disturb you,’ he said, with a certain faltering articulation. `I’m all right.’ He stopped, held out his glass for more, and took it off at a draught. `That’s good,’ he said. His eyes grew brighter, and a faint colour came into his cheeks. His glance flickered over our faces with a certain dull approval, and then went round the warm and comfortable room. Then he spoke again, still as it were feeling his way among his words. `I’m going to wash and dress, and then I’ll come down and explain things. . . Save me some of that mutton. I’m starving for a bit of meat.’ He looked across at the Editor, who was a rare visitor, and hoped he was all right. The Editor began a question. `Tell you presently,’ said the Time Traveller. `I’m–funny! Be all right in a minute.’ He put down his glass, and walked towards the staircase door. Again I remarked his lameness and the soft padding sound of his footfall, and standing up in my place, I saw his feet as he went out. He had nothing on them but a pair of tattered blood-stained socks. Then the door closed upon him. I had half a mind to follow, till I remembered how he detested any fuss about himself. For a minute, perhaps, my mind was wool-gathering. Then, ‘Remarkable Behaviour of an Eminent Scientist,’ I heard the Editor say, thinking (after his wont) in headlines. And this brought my attention back to the bright dinner-table. `What’s the game?’ said the Journalist. `Has he been doing the Amateur Cadger? I don’t follow.’ I met the eye of the Psychologist, and read my own interpretation in his face. I thought of the Time Traveller limping painfully upstairs. I don’t think any one else had noticed his lameness. The first to recover completely from this surprise was the Medical Man, who rang the bell–the Time Traveller hated to have servants waiting at dinner–for a hot plate. At that the Editor turned to his knife and fork with a grunt, and the Silent Man followed suit. The dinner was resumed. Conversation was exclamatory for a little while, with gaps of wonderment; and then the Editor got fervent in his curiosity. `Does our friend eke out his modest income with a crossing? or has he his Nebuchadnezzar phases?’ he inquired. `I feel assured it’s this business of the Time Machine,’ I said, and took up the Psychologist’s account of our previous meeting. The new guests were frankly incredulous. The Editor raised objections. `What WAS this time travelling? A man couldn’t cover himself with dust by rolling in a paradox, could he?’ And then, as the idea came home to him, he resorted to caricature. Hadn’t they any clothes-brushes in the Future? The Journalist too, would not believe at any price, and joined the Editor in the easy work of heaping ridicule on the whole thing. They were both the new kind of journalist–very joyous, irreverent young men. `Our Special Correspondent in the Day after To-morrow reports,’ the Journalist was saying–or rather shouting–when the Time Traveller came back. He was dressed in ordinary evening clothes, and nothing save his haggard look remained of the change that had startled me. `I say,’ said the Editor hilariously, `these chaps here say you have been travelling into the middle of next week! Tell us all about little Rosebery, will you? What will you take for the lot?’ The Time Traveller came to the place reserved for him without a word. He smiled quietly, in his old way. `Where’s my mutton?’ he said. `What a treat it is to stick a fork into meat again!’ `Story!’ cried the Editor. `Story be damned!’ said the Time Traveller. `I want something to eat. I won’t say a word until I get some peptone into my arteries. Thanks. And the salt.’ `One word,’ said I. `Have you been time travelling?’ `Yes,’ said the Time Traveller, with his mouth full, nodding his head. `I’d give a shilling a line for a verbatim note,’ said the Editor. The Time Traveller pushed his glass towards the Silent Man and rang it with his fingernail; at which the Silent Man, who had been staring at his face, started convulsively, and poured him wine. The rest of the dinner was uncomfortable. For my own part, sudden questions kept on rising to my lips, and I dare say it was the same with the others. The Journalist tried to relieve the tension by telling anecdotes of Hettie Potter. The Time Traveller devoted his attention to his dinner, and displayed the appetite of a tramp. The Medical Man smoked a cigarette, and watched the Time Traveller through his eyelashes. The Silent Man seemed even more clumsy than usual, and drank champagne with regularity and determination out of sheer nervousness. At last the Time Traveller pushed his plate away, and looked round us. `I suppose I must apologize,’ he said. `I was simply starving. I’ve had a most amazing time.’ He reached out his hand for a cigar, and cut the end. `But come into the smoking-room. It’s too long a story to tell over greasy plates.’ And ringing the bell in passing, he led the way into the adjoining room. `You have told Blank, and Dash, and Chose about the machine?’ he said to me, leaning back in his easy-chair and naming the three new guests. `But the thing’s a mere paradox,’ said the Editor. `I can’t argue to-night. I don’t mind telling you the story, but I can’t argue. I will,’ he went on, `tell you the story of what has happened to me, if you like, but you must refrain from interruptions. I want to tell it. Badly. Most of it will sound like lying. So be it! It’s true–every word of it, all the same. I was in my laboratory at four o’clock, and since then . . . I’ve lived eight days . . . such days as no human being ever lived before! I’m nearly worn out, but I shan’t sleep till I’ve told this thing over to you. Then I shall go to bed. But no interruptions! Is it agreed?’ `Agreed,’ said the Editor, and the rest of us echoed `Agreed.’ And with that the Time Traveller began his story as I have set it forth. He sat back in his chair at first, and spoke like a weary man. Afterwards he got more animated. In writing it down I feel with only too much keenness the inadequacy of pen and ink –and, above all, my own inadequacy–to express its quality. You read, I will suppose, attentively enough; but you cannot see the speaker’s white, sincere face in the bright circle of the little lamp, nor hear the intonation of his voice. You cannot know how his expression followed the turns of his story! Most of us hearers were in shadow, for the candles in the smoking-room had not been lighted, and only the face of the Journalist and the legs of the Silent Man from the knees downward were illuminated. At first we glanced now and again at each other. After a time we ceased to do that, and looked only at the Time Traveller’s face. III `I told some of you last Thursday of the principles of the Time Machine, and showed you the actual thing itself, incomplete in the workshop. There it is now, a little travel-worn, truly; and one of the ivory bars is cracked, and a brass rail bent; but the rest of it’s sound enough. I expected to finish it on Friday, but on Friday, when the putting together was nearly done, I found that one of the nickel bars was exactly one inch too short, and this I had to get remade; so that the thing was not complete until this morning. It was at ten o’clock to-day that the first of all Time Machines began its career. I gave it a last tap, tried all the screws again, put one more drop of oil on the quartz rod, and sat myself in the saddle. I suppose a suicide who holds a pistol to his skull feels much the same wonder at what will come next as I felt then. I took the starting lever in one hand and the stopping one in the other, pressed the first, and almost immediately the second. I seemed to reel; I felt a nightmare sensation of falling; and, looking round, I saw the laboratory exactly as before. Had anything happened? For a moment I suspected that my intellect had tricked me. Then I noted the clock. A moment before, as it seemed, it had stood at a minute or so past ten; now it was nearly half-past three! `I drew a breath, set my teeth, gripped the starting lever with both hands, and went off with a thud. The laboratory got hazy and went dark. Mrs. Watchett came in and walked, apparently without seeing me, towards the garden door. I suppose it took her a minute or so to traverse the place, but to me she seemed to shoot across the room like a rocket. I pressed the lever over to its extreme position. The night came like the turning out of a lamp, and in another moment came to-morrow. The laboratory grew faint and hazy, then fainter and ever fainter. To-morrow night came black, then day again, night again, day again, faster and faster still. An eddying murmur filled my ears, and a strange, dumb confusedness descended on my mind. `I am afraid I cannot convey the peculiar sensations of time travelling. They are excessively unpleasant. There is a feeling exactly like that one has upon a switchback–of a helpless headlong motion! I felt the same horrible anticipation, too, of an imminent smash. As I put on pace, night followed day like the flapping of a black wing. The dim suggestion of the laboratory seemed presently to fall away from me, and I saw the sun hopping swiftly across the sky, leaping it every minute, and every minute marking a day. I supposed the laboratory had been destroyed and I had come into the open air. I had a dim impression of scaffolding, but I was already going too fast to be conscious of any moving things. The slowest snail that ever crawled dashed by too fast for me. The twinkling succession of darkness and light was excessively painful to the eye. Then, in the intermittent darknesses, I saw the moon spinning swiftly through her quarters from new to full, and had a faint glimpse of the circling stars. Presently, as I went on, still gaining velocity, the palpitation of night and day merged into one continuous greyness; the sky took on a wonderful deepness of blue, a splendid luminous color like that of early twilight; the jerking sun became a streak of fire, a brilliant arch, in space; the moon a fainter fluctuating band; and I could see nothing of the stars, save now and then a brighter circle flickering in the blue. `The landscape was misty and vague. I was still on the hill-side upon which this house now stands, and the shoulder rose above me grey and dim. I saw trees growing and changing like puffs of vapour, now brown, now green; they grew, spread, shivered, and passed away. I saw huge buildings rise up faint and fair, and pass like dreams. The whole surface of the earth seemed changed–melting and flowing under my eyes. The little hands upon the dials that registered my speed raced round faster and faster. Presently I noted that the sun belt swayed up and down, from solstice to solstice, in a minute or less, and that consequently my pace was over a year a minute; and minute by minute the white snow flashed across the world, and vanished, and was followed by the bright, brief green of spring. `The unpleasant sensations of the start were less poignant now. They merged at last into a kind of hysterical exhilaration. I remarked indeed a clumsy swaying of the machine, for which I was unable to account. But my mind was too confused to attend to it, so with a kind of madness growing upon me, I flung myself into futurity. At first I scarce thought of stopping, scarce thought of anything but these new sensations. But presently a fresh series of impressions grew up in my mind–a certain curiosity and therewith a certain dread–until at last they took complete possession of me. What strange developments of humanity, what wonderful advances upon our rudimentary civilization, I thought, might not appear when I came to look nearly into the dim elusive world that raced and fluctuated before my eyes! I saw great and splendid architecture rising about me, more massive than any buildings of our own time, and yet, as it seemed, built of glimmer and mist. I saw a richer green flow up the hill-side, and remain there, without any wintry intermission. Even through the veil of my confusion the earth seemed very fair. And so my mind came round to the business of stopping, `The peculiar risk lay in the possibility of my finding some substance in the space which I, or the machine, occupied. So long as I travelled at a high velocity through time, this scarcely mattered; I was, so to speak, attenuated–was slipping like a vapour through the interstices of intervening substances! But to come to a stop involved the jamming of myself, molecule by molecule, into whatever lay in my way; meant bringing my atoms into such intimate contact with those of the obstacle that a profound chemical reaction–possibly a far-reaching explosion –would result, and blow myself and my apparatus out of all possible dimensions–into the Unknown. This possibility had occurred to me again and again while I was making the machine; but then I had cheerfully accepted it as an unavoidable risk– one of the risks a man has got to take! Now the risk was inevitable, I no longer saw it in the same cheerful light. The fact is that insensibly, the absolute strangeness of everything, the sickly jarring and swaying of the machine, above all, the feeling of prolonged falling, had absolutely upset my nerve. I told myself that I could never stop, and with a gust of petulance I resolved to stop forthwith. Like an impatient fool, I lugged over the lever, and incontinently the thing went reeling over, and I was flung headlong through the air. `There was the sound of a clap of thunder in my ears. I may have been stunned for a moment. A pitiless hail was hissing round me, and I was sitting on soft turf in front of the overset machine. Everything still seemed grey, but presently I remarked that the confusion in my ears was gone. I looked round me. I was on what seemed to be a little lawn in a garden, surrounded by rhododendron bushes, and I noticed that their mauve and purple blossoms were dropping in a shower under the beating of the hail-stones. The rebounding, dancing hail hung in a cloud over the machine, and drove along the ground like smoke. In a moment I was wet to the skin. “Fine hospitality,” said I, “to a man who has travelled innumerable years to see you.” `Presently I thought what a fool I was to get wet. I stood up and looked round me. A colossal figure, carved apparently in some white stone, loomed indistinctly beyond the rhododendrons through the hazy downpour. But all else of the world was invisible. `My sensations would be hard to describe. As the columns of hail grew thinner, I saw the white figure more distinctly. It was very large, for a silver birch-tree touched its shoulder. It was of white marble, in shape something like a winged sphinx, but the wings, instead of being carried vertically at the sides, were spread so that it seemed to hover. The pedestal, it appeared to me, was of bronze, and was thick with verdigris. It chanced that the face was towards me; the sightless eyes seemed to watch me; there was the faint shadow of a smile on the lips. It was greatly weather-worn, and that imparted an unpleasant suggestion of disease. I stood looking at it for a little space–half a minute, perhaps, or half an hour. It seemed to advance and to recede as the hail drove before it denser or thinner. At last I tore my eyes from it for a moment and saw that the hail curtain had worn threadbare, and that the sky was lightening with the promise of the Sun. `I looked up again at the crouching white shape, and the full temerity of my voyage came suddenly upon me. What might appear when that hazy curtain was altogether withdrawn? What might not have happened to men? What if cruelty had grown into a common passion? What if in this interval the race had lost its manliness and had developed into something inhuman, unsympathetic, and overwhelmingly powerful? I might seem some old-world savage animal, only the more dreadful and disgusting for our common likeness–a foul creature to be incontinently slain. `Already I saw other vast shapes–huge buildings with intricate parapets and tall columns, with a wooded hill-side dimly creeping in upon me through the lessening storm. I was seized with a panic fear. I turned frantically to the Time Machine, and strove hard to readjust it. As I did so the shafts of the sun smote through the thunderstorm. The grey downpour was swept aside and vanished like the trailing garments of a ghost. Above me, in the intense blue of the summer sky, some faint brown shreds of cloud whirled into nothingness. The great buildings about me stood out clear and distinct, shining with the wet of the thunderstorm, and picked out in white by the unmelted hailstones piled along their courses. I felt naked in a strange world. I felt as perhaps a bird may feel in the clear air, knowing the hawk wings above and will swoop. My fear grew to frenzy. I took a breathing space, set my teeth, and again grappled fiercely, wrist and knee, with the machine. It gave under my desperate onset and turned over. It struck my chin violently. One hand on the saddle, the other on the lever, I stood panting heavily in attitude to mount again. `But with this recovery of a prompt retreat my courage recovered. I looked more curiously and less fearfully at this world of the remote future. In a circular opening, high up in the wall of the nearer house, I saw a group of figures clad in rich soft robes. They had seen me, and their faces were directed towards me. `Then I heard voices approaching me. Coming through the bushes by the White Sphinx were the heads and shoulders of men running. One of these emerged in a pathway leading straight to the little lawn upon which I stood with my machine. He was a slight creature–perhaps four feet high–clad in a purple tunic, girdled at the waist with a leather belt. Sandals or buskins–I could not clearly distinguish which–were on his feet; his legs were bare to the knees, and his head was bare. Noticing that, I noticed for the first time how warm the air was. `He struck me as being a very beautiful and graceful creature, but indescribably frail. His flushed face reminded me of the more beautiful kind of consumptive–that hectic beauty of which we used to hear so much. At the sight of him I suddenly regained confidence. I took my hands from the machine. IV `In another moment we were standing face to face, I and this fragile thing out of futurity. He came straight up to me and laughed into my eyes. The absence from his bearing of any sign of fear struck me at once. Then he turned to the two others who were following him and spoke to them in a strange and very sweet and liquid tongue. `There were others coming, and presently a little group of perhaps eight or ten of these exquisite creatures were about me. One of them addressed me. It came into my head, oddly enough, that my voice was too harsh and deep for them. So I shook my head, and, pointing to my ears, shook it again. He came a step forward, hesitated, and then touched my hand. Then I felt other soft little tentacles upon my back and shoulders. They wanted to make sure I was real. There was nothing in this at all alarming. Indeed, there was something in these pretty little people that inspired confidence–a graceful gentleness, a certain childlike ease. And besides, they looked so frail that I could fancy myself flinging the whole dozen of them about like nine-pins. But I made a sudden motion to warn them when I saw their little pink hands feeling at the Time Machine. Happily then, when it was not too late, I thought of a danger I had hitherto forgotten, and reaching over the bars of the machine I unscrewed the little levers that would set it in motion, and put these in my pocket. Then I turned again to see what I could do in the way of communication. `And then, looking more nearly into their features, I saw some further peculiarities in their Dresden-china type of prettiness. Their hair, which was uniformly curly, came to a sharp end at the neck and cheek; there was not the faintest suggestion of it on the face, and their ears were singularly minute. The mouths were small, with bright red, rather thin lips, and the little chins ran to a point. The eyes were large and mild; and–this may seem egotism on my part–I fancied even that there was a certain lack of the interest I might have expected in them. `As they made no effort to communicate with me, but simply stood round me smiling and speaking in soft cooing notes to each other, I began the conversation. I pointed to the Time Machine and to myself. Then hesitating for a moment how to express time, I pointed to the sun. At once a quaintly pretty little figure in chequered purple and white followed my gesture, and then astonished me by imitating the sound of thunder. `For a moment I was staggered, though the import of his gesture was plain enough. The question had come into my mind abruptly: were these creatures fools? You may hardly understand how it took me. You see I had always anticipated that the people of the year Eight Hundred and Two Thousand odd would be incredibly in front of us in knowledge, art, everything. Then one of them suddenly asked me a question that showed him to be on the intellectual level of one of our five-year-old children– asked me, in fact, if I had come from the sun in a thunderstorm! It let loose the judgment I had suspended upon their clothes, their frail light limbs, and fragile features. A flow of disappointment rushed across my mind. For a moment I felt that I had built the Time Machine in vain. `I nodded, pointed to the sun, and gave them such a vivid rendering of a thunderclap as startled them. They all withdrew a pace or so and bowed. Then came one laughing towards me, carrying a chain of beautiful flowers altogether new to me, and put it about my neck. The idea was received with melodious applause; and presently they were all running to and fro for flowers, and laughingly flinging them upon me until I was almost smothered with blossom. You who have never seen the like can scarcely imagine what delicate and wonderful flowers countless years of culture had created. Then someone suggested that their plaything should be exhibited in the nearest building, and so I was led past the sphinx of white marble, which had seemed to watch me all the while with a smile at my astonishment, towards a vast grey edifice of fretted stone. As I went with them the memory of my confident anticipations of a profoundly grave and intellectual posterity came, with irresistible merriment, to my mind. `The building had a huge entry, and was altogether of colossal dimensions. I was naturally most occupied with the growing crowd of little people, and with the big open portals that yawned before me shadowy and mysterious. My general impression of the world I saw over their heads was a tangled waste of beautiful bushes and flowers, a long neglected and yet weedless garden. I saw a number of tall spikes of strange white flowers, measuring a foot perhaps across the spread of the waxen petals. They grew scattered, as if wild, among the variegated shrubs, but, as I say, I did not examine them closely at this time. The Time Machine was left deserted on the turf among the rhododendrons. `The arch of the doorway was richly carved, but naturally I did not observe the carving very narrowly, though I fancied I saw suggestions of old Phoenician decorations as I passed through, and it struck me that they were very badly broken and weather- worn. Several more brightly clad people met me in the doorway, and so we entered, I, dressed in dingy nineteenth-century garments, looking grotesque enough, garlanded with flowers, and surrounded by an eddying mass of bright, soft-colored robes and shining white limbs, in a melodious whirl of laughter and laughing speech. `The big doorway opened into a proportionately great hall hung with brown. The roof was in shadow, and the windows, partially glazed with coloured glass and partially unglazed, admitted a tempered light. The floor was made up of huge blocks of some very hard white metal, not plates nor slabs–blocks, and it was so much worn, as I judged by the going to and fro of past generations, as to be deeply channelled along the more frequented ways. Transverse to the length were innumerable tables made of slabs of polished stone, raised perhaps a foot from the floor, and upon these were heaps of fruits. Some I recognized as a kind of hypertrophied raspberry and orange, but for the most part they were strange. `Between the tables was scattered a great number of cushions. Upon these my conductors seated themselves, signing for me to do likewise. With a pretty absence of ceremony they began to eat the fruit with their hands, flinging peel and stalks, and so forth, into the round openings in the sides of the tables. I was not loath to follow their example, for I felt thirsty and hungry. As I did so I surveyed the hall at my leisure. `And perhaps the thing that struck me most was its dilapidated look. The stained-glass windows, which displayed only a geometrical pattern, were broken in many places, and the curtains that hung across the lower end were thick with dust. And it caught my eye that the corner of the marble table near me was fractured. Nevertheless, the general effect was extremely rich and picturesque. There were, perhaps, a couple of hundred people dining in the hall, and most of them, seated as near to me as they could come, were watching me with interest, their little eyes shining over the fruit they were eating. All were clad in the same soft and yet strong, silky material. `Fruit, by the by, was all their diet. These people of the remote future were strict vegetarians, and while I was with them, in spite of some carnal cravings, I had to be frugivorous also. Indeed, I found afterwards that horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, had followed the Ichthyosaurus into extinction. But the fruits were very delightful; one, in particular, that seemed to be in season all the time I was there–a floury thing in a three-sided husk –was especially good, and I made it my staple. At first I was puzzled by all these strange fruits, and by the strange flowers I saw, but later I began to perceive their import. `However, I am telling you of my fruit dinner in the distant future now. So soon as my appetite was a little checked, I determined to make a resolute attempt to learn the speech of these new men of mine. Clearly that was the next thing to do. The fruits seemed a convenient thing to begin upon, and holding one of these up I began a series of interrogative sounds and gestures. I had some considerable difficulty in conveying my meaning. At first my efforts met with a stare of surprise or inextinguishable laughter, but presently a fair-haired little creature seemed to grasp my intention and repeated a name. They had to chatter and explain the business at great length to each other, and my first attempts to make the exquisite little sounds of their language caused an immense amount of amusement. However, I felt like a schoolmaster amidst children, and persisted, and presently I had a score of noun substantives at least at my command; and then I got to demonstrative pronouns, and even the verb “to eat.” But it was slow work, and the little people soon tired and wanted to get away from my interrogations, so I determined, rather of necessity, to let them give their lessons in little doses when they felt inclined. And very little doses I found they were before long, for I never met people more indolent or more easily fatigued. `A queer thing I soon discovered about my little hosts, and that was their lack of interest. They would come to me with eager cries of astonishment, like children, but like children they would soon stop examining me and wander away after some other toy. The dinner and my conversational beginnings ended, I noted for the first time that almost all those who had surrounded me at first were gone. It is odd, too, how speedily I came to disregard these little people. I went out through the portal into the sunlit world again as soon as my hunger was satisfied. I was continually meeting more of these men of the future, who would follow me a little distance, chatter and laugh about me, and, having smiled and gesticulated in a friendly way, leave me again to my own devices. `The calm of evening was upon the world as I emerged from the great hall, and the scene was lit by the warm glow of the setting sun. At first things were very confusing. Everything was so entirely different from the world I had known–even the flowers. The big building I had left was situated on the slope of a broad river valley, but the Thames had shifted perhaps a mile from its present position. I resolved to mount to the summit of a crest perhaps a mile and a half away, from which I could get a wider view of this our planet in the year Eight Hundred and Two Thousand Seven Hundred and One A.D. For that, I should explain, was the date the little dials of my machine recorded. `As I walked I was watching for every impression that could possibly help to explain the condition of ruinous splendour in which I found the world–for ruinous it was. A little way up the hill, for instance, was a great heap of granite, bound together by masses of aluminium, a vast labyrinth of precipitous walls and crumpled heaps, amidst which were thick heaps of very beautiful pagoda-like plants–nettles possibly–but wonderfully tinted with brown about the leaves, and incapable of stinging. It was evidently the derelict remains of some vast structure, to what end built I could not determine. It was here that I was destined, at a later date, to have a very strange experience–the first intimation of a still stranger discovery–but of that I will speak in its proper place. `Looking round with a sudden thought, from a terrace on which I rested for a while, I realized that there were no small houses to be seen. Apparently the single house, and possibly even the household, had vanished. Here and there among the greenery were palace-like buildings, but the house and the cottage, which form such characteristic features of our own English landscape, had disappeared. `”Communism,” said I to myself. `And on the heels of that came another thought. I looked at the half-dozen little figures that were following me. Then, in a flash, I perceived that all had the same form of costume, the same soft hairless visage, and the same girlish rotundity of limb. It may seem strange, perhaps, that I had not noticed this before. But everything was so strange. Now, I saw the fact plainly enough. In costume, and in all the differences of texture and bearing that now mark off the sexes from each other, these people of the future were alike. And the children seemed to my eyes to be but the miniatures of their parents. I judged, then, that the children of that time were extremely precocious, physically at least, and I found afterwards abundant verification of my opinion. `Seeing the ease and security in which these people were living, I felt that this close resemblance of the sexes was after all what one would expect; for the strength of a man and the softness of a woman, the institution of the family, and the differentiation of occupations are mere militant necessities of an age of physical force; where population is balanced and abundant, much childbearing becomes an evil rather than a blessing to the State; where violence comes but rarely and off-spring are secure, there is less necessity–indeed there is no necessity–for an efficient family, and the specialization of the sexes with reference to their children’s needs disappears. We see some beginnings of this even in our own time, and in this future age it was complete. This, I must remind you, was my speculation at the time. Later, I was to appreciate how far it fell short of the reality. `While I was musing upon these things, my attention was attracted by a pretty little structure, like a well under a cupola. I thought in a transitory way of the oddness of wells still existing, and then resumed the thread of my speculations. There were no large buildings towards the top of the hill, and as my walking powers were evidently miraculous, I was presently left alone for the first time. With a strange sense of freedom and adventure I pushed on up to the crest. `There I found a seat of some yellow metal that I did not recognize, corroded in places with a kind of pinkish rust and half smothered in soft moss, the arm-rests cast and filed into the resemblance of griffins’ heads. I sat down on it, and I surveyed the broad view of our old world under the sunset of that long day. It was as sweet and fair a view as I have ever seen. The sun had already gone below the horizon and the west was flaming gold, touched with some horizontal bars of purple and crimson. Below was the valley of the Thames, in which the river lay like a band of burnished steel. I have already spoken of the great palaces dotted about among the variegated greenery, some in ruins and some still occupied. Here and there rose a white or silvery figure in the waste garden of the earth, here and there came the sharp vertical line of some cupola or obelisk. There were no hedges, no signs of proprietary rights, no evidences of agriculture; the whole earth had become a garden. `So watching, I began to put my interpretation upon the things I had seen, and as it shaped itself to me that evening, my interpretation was something in this way. (Afterwards I found I had got only a half-truth–or only a glimpse of one facet of the truth.) `It seemed to me that I had happened upon humanity upon the wane. The ruddy sunset set me thinking of the sunset of mankind. For the first time I began to realize an odd consequence of the social effort in which we are at present engaged. And yet, come to think, it is a logical consequence enough. Strength is the outcome of need; security sets a premium on feebleness. The work of ameliorating the conditions of life–the true civilizing process that makes life more and more secure–had gone steadily on to a climax. One triumph of a united humanity over Nature had followed another. Things that are now mere dreams had become projects deliberately put in hand and carried forward. And the harvest was what I saw! `After all, the sanitation and the agriculture of to-day are still in the rudimentary stage. The science of our time has attacked but a little department of the field of human disease, but even so, it spreads its operations very steadily and persistently. Our agriculture and horticulture destroy a weed just here and there and cultivate perhaps a score or so of wholesome plants, leaving the greater number to fight out a balance as they can. We improve our favourite plants and animals –and how few they are–gradually by selective breeding; now a new and better peach, now a seedless grape, now a sweeter and larger flower, now a more convenient breed of cattle. We improve them gradually, because our ideals are vague and tentative, and our knowledge is very limited; because Nature, too, is shy and slow in our clumsy hands. Some day all this will be better organized, and still better. That is the drift of the current in spite of the eddies. The whole world will be intelligent, educated, and co-operating; things will move faster and faster towards the subjugation of Nature. In the end, wisely and carefully we shall readjust the balance of animal and vegetable to suit our human needs. `This adjustment, I say, must have been done, and done well; done indeed for all Time, in the space of Time across which my machine had leaped. The air was free from gnats, the earth from weeds or fungi; everywhere were fruits and sweet and delightful flowers; brilliant butterflies flew hither and thither. The ideal of preventive medicine was attained. Diseases had been stamped out. I saw no evidence of any contagious diseases during all my stay. And I shall have to tell you later that even the processes of putrefaction and decay had been profoundly affected by these changes. `Social triumphs, too, had been effected. I saw mankind housed in splendid shelters, gloriously clothed, and as yet I had found them engaged in no toil. There were no signs of struggle, neither social nor economical struggle. The shop, the advertisement, traffic, all that commerce which constitutes the body of our world, was gone. It was natural on that golden evening that I should jump at the idea of a social paradise. The difficulty of increasing population had been met, I guessed, and population had ceased to increase. `But with this change in condition comes inevitably adaptations to the change. What, unless biological science is a mass of errors, is the cause of human intelligence and vigour? Hardship and freedom: conditions under which the active, strong, and subtle survive and the weaker go to the wall; conditions that put a premium upon the loyal alliance of capable men, upon self-restraint, patience, and decision. And the institution of the family, and the emotions that arise therein, the fierce jealousy, the tenderness for offspring, parental self-devotion, all found their justification and support in the imminent dangers of the young. NOW, where are these imminent dangers? There is a sentiment arising, and it will grow, against connubial jealousy, against fierce maternity, against passion of all sorts; unnecessary things now, and things that make us uncomfortable, savage survivals, discords in a refined and pleasant life. `I thought of the physical slightness of the people, their lack of intelligence, and those big abundant ruins, and it strengthened my belief in a perfect conquest of Nature. For after the battle comes Quiet. Humanity had been strong, energetic, and intelligent, and had used all its abundant vitality to alter the conditions under which it lived. And now came the reaction of the altered conditions. `Under the new conditions of perfect comfort and security, that restless energy, that with us is strength, would become weakness. Even in our own time certain tendencies and desires, once necessary to survival, are a constant source of failure. Physical courage and the love of battle, for instance, are no great help–may even be hindrances–to a civilized man. And in a state of physical balance and security, power, intellectual as well as physical, would be out of place. For countless years I judged there had been no danger of war or solitary violence, no danger from wild beasts, no wasting disease to require strength of constitution, no need of toil. For such a life, what we should call the weak are as well equipped as the strong, are indeed no longer weak. Better equipped indeed they are, for the strong would be fretted by an energy for which there was no outlet. No doubt the exquisite beauty of the buildings I saw was the outcome of the last surgings of the now purposeless energy of mankind before it settled down into perfect harmony with the conditions under which it lived–the flourish of that triumph which began the last great peace. This has ever been the fate of energy in security; it takes to art and to eroticism, and then come languor and decay. `Even this artistic impetus would at last die away–had almost died in the Time I saw. To adorn themselves with flowers, to dance, to sing in the sunlight: so much was left of the artistic spirit, and no more. Even that would fade in the end into a contented inactivity. We are kept keen on the grindstone of pain and necessity, and, it seemed to me, that here was that hateful grindstone broken at last! `As I stood there in the gathering dark I thought that in this simple explanation I had mastered the problem of the world– mastered the whole secret of these delicious people. Possibly the checks they had devised for the increase of population had succeeded too well, and their numbers had rather diminished than kept stationary. That would account for the abandoned ruins. Very simple was my explanation, and plausible enough–as most wrong theories are! V `As I stood there musing over this too perfect triumph of man, the full moon, yellow and gibbous, came up out of an overflow of silver light in the north-east. The bright little figures ceased to move about below, a noiseless owl flitted by, and I shivered with the chill of the night. I determined to descend and find where I could sleep. `I looked for the building I knew. Then my eye travelled along to the figure of the White Sphinx upon the pedestal of bronze, growing distinct as the light of the rising moon grew brighter. I could see the silver birch against it. There was the tangle of rhododendron bushes, black in the pale light, and there was the little lawn. I looked at the lawn again. A queer doubt chilled my complacency. “No,” said I stoutly to myself, “that was not the lawn.” `But it WAS the lawn. For the white leprous face of the sphinx was towards it. Can you imagine what I felt as this conviction came home to me? But you cannot. The Time Machine was gone! `At once, like a lash across the face, came the possibility of losing my own age, of being left helpless in this strange new world. The bare thought of it was an actual physical sensation. I could feel it grip me at the throat and stop my breathing. In another moment I was in a passion of fear and running with great leaping strides down the slope. Once I fell headlong and cut my face; I lost no time in stanching the blood, but jumped up and ran on, with a warm trickle down my cheek and chin. All the time I ran I was saying to myself: “They have moved it a little, pushed it under the bushes out of the way.” Nevertheless, I ran with all my might. All the time, with the certainty that sometimes comes with excessive dread, I knew that such assurance was folly, knew instinctively that the machine was removed out of my reach. My breath came with pain. I suppose I covered the whole distance from the hill crest to the little lawn, two miles perhaps, in ten minutes. And I am not a young man. I cursed aloud, as I ran, at my confident folly in leaving the machine, wasting good breath thereby. I cried aloud, and none answered. Not a creature seemed to be stirring in that moonlit world. `When I reached the lawn my worst fears were realized. Not a trace of the thing was to be seen. I felt faint and cold when I faced the empty space among the black tangle of bushes. I ran round it furiously, as if the thing might be hidden in a corner, and then stopped abruptly, with my hands clutching my hair. Above me towered the sphinx, upon the bronze pedestal, white, shining, leprous, in the light of the rising moon. It seemed to smile in mockery of my dismay. `I might have consoled myself by imagining the little people had put the mechanism in some shelter for me, had I not felt assured of their physical and intellectual inadequacy. That is what dismayed me: the sense of some hitherto unsuspected power, through whose intervention my invention had vanished. Yet, for one thing I felt assured: unless some other age had produced its exact duplicate, the machine could not have moved in time. The attachment of the levers–I will show you the method later– prevented any one from tampering with it in that way when they were removed. It had moved, and was hid, only in space. But then, where could it be? `I think I must have had a kind of frenzy. I remember running violently in and out among the moonlit bushes all round the sphinx, and startling some white animal that, in the dim light, I took for a small deer. I remember, too, late that night, beating the bushes with my clenched fist until my knuckles were gashed and bleeding from the broken twigs. Then, sobbing and raving in my anguish of mind, I went down to the great building of stone. The big hall was dark, silent, and deserted. I slipped on the uneven floor, and fell over one of the malachite tables, almost breaking my shin. I lit a match and went on past the dusty curtains, of which I have told you. `There I found a second great hall covered with cushions, upon which, perhaps, a score or so of the little people were sleeping. I have no doubt they found my second appearance strange enough, coming suddenly out of the quiet darkness with inarticulate noises and the splutter and flare of a match. For they had forgotten about matches. “Where is my Time Machine?” I began, bawling like an angry child, laying hands upon them and shaking them up together. It must have been very queer to them. Some laughed, most of them looked sorely frightened. When I saw them standing round me, it came into my head that I was doing as foolish a thing as it was possible for me to do under the circumstances, in trying to revive the sensation of fear. For, reasoning from their daylight behaviour, I thought that fear must be forgotten. `Abruptly, I dashed down the match, and, knocking one of the people over in my course, went blundering across the big dining-hall again, out under the moonlight. I heard cries of terror and their little feet running and stumbling this way and that. I do not remember all I did as the moon crept up the sky. I suppose it was the unexpected nature of my loss that maddened me. I felt hopelessly cut off from my own kind–a strange animal in an unknown world. I must have raved to and fro, screaming and crying upon God and Fate. I have a memory of horrible fatigue, as the long night of despair wore away; of looking in this impossible place and that; of groping among moon-lit ruins and touching strange creatures in the black shadows; at last, of lying on the ground near the sphinx and weeping with absolute wretchedness. I had nothing left but misery. Then I slept, and when I woke again it was full day, and a couple of sparrows were hopping round me on the turf within reach of my arm. `I sat up in the freshness of the morning, trying to remember how I had got there, and why I had such a profound sense of desertion and despair. Then things came clear in my mind. With the plain, reasonable daylight, I could look my circumstances fairly in the face. I saw the wild folly of my frenzy overnight, and I could reason with myself. “Suppose the worst?” I said. “Suppose the machine altogether lost–perhaps destroyed? It behooves me to be calm and patient, to learn the way of the people, to get a clear idea of the method of my loss, and the means of getting materials and tools; so that in the end, perhaps, I may make another.” That would be my only hope, perhaps, but better than despair. And, after all, it was a beautiful and curious world. `But probably, the machine had only been taken away. Still, I must be calm and patient, find its hiding-place, and recover it by force or cunning. And with that I scrambled to my feet and looked about me, wondering where I could bathe. I felt weary, stiff, and travel-soiled. The freshness of the morning made me desire an equal freshness. I had exhausted my emotion. Indeed, as I went about my business, I found myself wondering at my intense excitement overnight. I made a careful examination of the ground about the little lawn. I wasted some time in futile questionings, conveyed, as well as I was able, to such of the little people as came by. They all failed to understand my gestures; some were simply stolid, some thought it was a jest and laughed at me. I had the hardest task in the world to keep my hands off their pretty laughing faces. It was a foolish impulse, but the devil begotten of fear and blind anger was ill curbed and still eager to take advantage of my perplexity. The turf gave better counsel. I found a groove ripped in it, about midway between the pedestal of the sphinx and the marks of my feet where, on arrival, I had struggled with the overturned machine. There were other signs of removal about, with queer narrow footprints like those I could imagine made by a sloth. This directed my closer attention to the pedestal. It was, as I think I have said, of bronze. It was not a mere block, but highly decorated with deep framed panels on either side. I went and rapped at these. The pedestal was hollow. Examining the panels with care I found them discontinuous with the frames. There were no handles or keyholes, but possibly the panels, if they were doors, as I supposed, opened from within. One thing was clear enough to my mind. It took no very great mental effort to infer that my Time Machine was inside that pedestal. But how it got there was a different problem. `I saw the heads of two orange-clad people coming through the bushes and under some blossom-covered apple-trees towards me. I turned smiling to them and beckoned them to me. They came, and then, pointing to the bronze pedestal, I tried to intimate my wish to open it. But at my first gesture towards this they behaved very oddly. I don’t know how to convey their expression to you. Suppose you were to use a grossly improper gesture to a delicate-minded woman–it is how she would look. They went off as if they had received the last possible insult. I tried a sweet-looking little chap in white next, with exactly the same result. Somehow, his manner made me feel ashamed of myself. But, as you know, I wanted the Time Machine, and I tried him once more. As he turned off, like the others, my temper got the better of me. In three strides I was after him, had him by the loose part of his robe round the neck, and began dragging him towards the sphinx. Then I saw the horror and repugnance of his face, and all of a sudden I let him go. `But I was not beaten yet. I banged with my fist at the bronze panels. I thought I heard something stir inside–to be explicit, I thought I heard a sound like a chuckle–but I must have been mistaken. Then I got a big pebble from the river, and came and hammered till I had flattened a coil in the decorations, and the verdigris came off in powdery flakes. The delicate little people must have heard me hammering in gusty outbreaks a mile away on either hand, but nothing came of it. I saw a crowd of them upon the slopes, looking furtively at me. At last, hot and tired, I sat down to watch the place. But I was too restless to watch long; I am too Occidental for a long vigil. I could work at a problem for years, but to wait inactive for twenty-four hours–that is another matter. `I got up after a time, and began walking aimlessly through the bushes towards the hill again. “Patience,” said I to myself. “If you want your machine again you must leave that sphinx alone. If they mean to take your machine away, it’s little good your wrecking their bronze panels, and if they don’t, you will get it back as soon as you can ask for it. To sit among all those unknown things before a puzzle like that is hopeless. That way lies monomania. Face this world. Learn its ways, watch it, be careful of too hasty guesses at its meaning. In the end you will find clues to it all.” Then suddenly the humour of the situation came into my mind: the thought of the years I had spent in study and toil to get into the future age, and now my passion of anxiety to get out of it. I had made myself the most complicated and the most hopeless trap that ever a man devised. Although it was at my own expense, I could not help myself. I laughed aloud. `Going through the big palace, it seemed to me that the little people avoided me. It may have been my fancy, or it may have had something to do with my hammering at the gates of bronze. Yet I felt tolerably sure of the avoidance. I was careful, however, to show no concern and to abstain from any pursuit of them, and in the course of a day or two things got back to the old footing. I made what progress I could in the language, and in addition I pushed my explorations here and there. Either I missed some subtle point or their language was excessively simple–almost exclusively composed of concrete substantives and verbs. There seemed to be few, if any, abstract terms, or little use of figurative language. Their sentences were usually simple and of two words, and I failed to convey or understand any but the simplest propositions. I determined to put the thought of my Time Machine and the mystery of the bronze doors under the sphinx as much as possible in a corner of memory, until my growing knowledge would lead me back to them in a natural way. Yet a certain feeling, you may understand, tethered me in a circle of a few miles round the point of my arrival. `So far as I could see, all the world displayed the same exuberant richness as the Thames valley. From every hill I climbed I saw the same abundance of splendid buildings, endlessly varied in material and style, the same clustering thickets of evergreens, the same blossom-laden trees and tree-ferns. Here and there water shone like silver, and beyond, the land rose into blue undulating hills, and so faded into the serenity of the sky. A peculiar feature, which presently attracted my attention, was the presence of certain circular wells, several, as it seemed to me, of a very great depth. One lay by the path up the hill, which I had followed during my first walk. Like the others, it was rimmed with bronze, curiously wrought, and protected by a little cupola from the rain. Sitting by the side of these wells, and peering down into the shafted darkness, I could see no gleam of water, nor could I start any reflection with a lighted match. But in all of them I heard a certain sound: a thud-thud-thud, like the beating of some big engine; and I discovered, from the flaring of my matches, that a steady current of air set down the shafts. Further, I threw a scrap of paper into the throat of one, and, instead of fluttering slowly down, it was at once sucked swiftly out of sight. `After a time, too, I came to connect these wells with tall towers standing here and there upon the slopes; for above them there was often just such a flicker in the air as one sees on a hot day above a sun-scorched beach. Putting things together, I reached a strong suggestion of an extensive system of subterranean ventilation, whose true import it was difficult to imagine. I was at first inclined to associate it with the sanitary apparatus of these people. It was an obvious conclusion, but it was absolutely wrong. `And here I must admit that I learned very little of drains and bells and modes of conveyance, and the like conveniences, during my time in this real future. In some of these visions of Utopias and coming times which I have read, there is a vast amount of detail about building, and social arrangements, and so forth. But while such details are easy enough to obtain when the whole world is contained in one’s imagination, they are altogether inaccessible to a real traveller amid such realities as I found here. Conceive the tale of London which a negro, fresh from Central Africa, would take back to his tribe! What would he know of railway companies, of social movements, of telephone and telegraph wires, of the Parcels Delivery Company, and postal orders and the like? Yet we, at least, should be willing enough to explain these things to him! And even of what he knew, how much could he make his untravelled friend either apprehend or believe? Then, think how narrow the gap between a negro and a white man of our own times, and how wide the interval between myself and these of the Golden Age! I was sensible of much which was unseen, and which contributed to my comfort; but save for a general impression of automatic organization, I fear I can convey very little of the difference to your mind. `In the matter of sepulchre, for instance, I could see no signs of crematoria nor anything suggestive of tombs. But it occurred to me that, possibly, there might be cemeteries (or crematoria) somewhere beyond the range of my explorings. This, again, was a question I deliberately put to myself, and my curiosity was at first entirely defeated upon the point. The thing puzzled me, and I was led to make a further remark, which puzzled me still more: that aged and infirm among this people there were none. `I must confess that my satisfaction with my first theories of an automatic civilization and a decadent humanity did not long endure. Yet I could think of no other. Let me put my difficulties. The several big palaces I had explored were mere living places, great dining-halls and sleeping apartments. I could find no machinery, no appliances of any kind. Yet these people were clothed in pleasant fabrics that must at times need renewal, and their sandals, though undecorated, were fairly complex specimens of metalwork. Somehow such things must be made. And the little people displayed no vestige of a creative tendency. There were no shops, no workshops, no sign of importations among them. They spent all their time in playing gently, in bathing in the river, in making love in a half-playful fashion, in eating fruit and sleeping. I could not see how things were kept going. `Then, again, about the Time Machine: something, I knew not what, had taken it into the hollow pedestal of the White Sphinx. Why? For the life of me I could not imagine. Those waterless wells, too, those flickering pillars. I felt I lacked a clue. I felt–how shall I put it? Suppose you found an inscription, with sentences here and there in excellent plain English, and interpolated therewith, others made up of words, of letters even, absolutely unknown to you? Well, on the third day of my visit, that was how the world of Eight Hundred and Two Thousand Seven Hundred and One presented itself to me! `That day, too, I made a friend–of a sort. It happened that, as I was watching some of the little people bathing in a shallow, one of them was seized with cramp and began drifting downstream. The main current ran rather swiftly, but not too strongly for even a moderate swimmer. It will give you an idea, therefore, of the strange deficiency in these creatures, when I tell you that none made the slightest attempt to rescue the weakly crying little thing which was drowning before their eyes. When I realized this, I hurriedly slipped off my clothes, and, wading in at a point lower down, I caught the poor mite and drew her safe to land. A little rubbing of the limbs soon brought her round, and I had the satisfaction of seeing she was all right before I left her. I had got to such a low estimate of her kind that I did not expect any gratitude from her. In that, however, I was wrong. `This happened in the morning. In the afternoon I met my little woman, as I believe it was, as I was returning towards my centre from an exploration, and she received me with cries of delight and presented me with a big garland of flowers– evidently made for me and me alone. The thing took my imagination. Very possibly I had been feeling desolate. At any rate I did my best to display my appreciation of the gift. We were soon seated together in a little stone arbour, engaged in conversation, chiefly of smiles. The creature’s friendliness affected me exactly as a child’s might have done. We passed each other flowers, and she kissed my hands. I did the same to hers. Then I tried talk, and found that her name was Weena, which, though I don’t know what it meant, somehow seemed appropriate enough. That was the beginning of a queer friendship which lasted a week, and ended–as I will tell you! `She was exactly like a child. She wanted to be with me always. She tried to follow me everywhere, and on my next journey out and about it went to my heart to tire her down, and leave her at last, exhausted and calling after me rather plaintively. But the problems of the world had to be mastered. I had not, I said to myself, come into the future to carry on a miniature flirtation. Yet her distress when I left her was very great, her expostulations at the parting were sometimes frantic, and I think, altogether, I had as much trouble as comfort from her devotion. Nevertheless she was, somehow, a very great comfort. I thought it was mere childish affection that made her cling to me. Until it was too late, I did not clearly know what I had inflicted upon her when I left her. Nor until it was too late did I clearly understand what she was to me. For, by merely seeming fond of me, and showing in her weak, futile way that she cared for me, the little doll of a creature presently gave my return to the neighbourhood of the White Sphinx almost the feeling of coming home; and I would watch for her tiny figure of white and gold so soon as I came over the hill. `It was from her, too, that I learned that fear had not yet left the world. She was fearless enough in the daylight, and she had the oddest confidence in me; for once, in a foolish moment, I made threatening grimaces at her, and she simply laughed at them. But she dreaded the dark, dreaded shadows, dreaded black things. Darkness to her was the one thing dreadful. It was a singularly passionate emotion, and it set me thinking and observing. I discovered then, among other things, that these little people gathered into the great houses after dark, and slept in droves. To enter upon them without a light was to put them into a tumult of apprehension. I never found one out of doors, or one sleeping alone within doors, after dark. Yet I was still such a blockhead that I missed the lesson of that fear, and in spite of Weena’s distress I insisted upon sleeping away from these slumbering multitudes. `It troubled her greatly, but in the end her odd affection for me triumphed, and for five of the nights of our acquaintance, including the last night of all, she slept with her head pillowed on my arm. But my story slips away from me as I speak of her. It must have been the night before her rescue that I was awakened about dawn. I had been restless, dreaming most disagreeably that I was drowned, and that sea anemones were feeling over my face with their soft palps. I woke with a start, and with an odd fancy that some greyish animal had just rushed out of the chamber. I tried to get to sleep again, but I felt restless and uncomfortable. It was that dim grey hour when things are just creeping out of darkness, when everything is colourless and clear cut, and yet unreal. I got up, and went down into the great hall, and so out upon the flagstones in front of the palace. I thought I would make a virtue of necessity, and see the sunrise. `The moon was setting, and the dying moonlight and the first pallor of dawn were mingled in a ghastly half-light. The bushes were inky black, the ground a sombre grey, the sky colourless and cheerless. And up the hill I thought I could see ghosts. There several times, as I scanned the slope, I saw white figures. Twice I fancied I saw a solitary white, ape-like creature running rather quickly up the hill, and once near the ruins I saw a leash of them carrying some dark body. They moved hastily. I did not see what became of them. It seemed that they vanished among the bushes. The dawn was still indistinct, you must understand. I was feeling that chill, uncertain, early-morning feeling you may have known. I doubted my eyes. `As the eastern sky grew brighter, and the light of the day came on and its vivid colouring returned upon the world once more, I scanned the view keenly. But I saw no vestige of my white figures. They were mere creatures of the half light. “They must have been ghosts,” I said; “I wonder whence they dated.” For a queer notion of Grant Allen’s came into my head, and amused me. If each generation die and leave ghosts, he argued, the world at last will get overcrowded with them. On that theory they would have grown innumerable some Eight Hundred Thousand Years hence, and it was no great wonder to see four at once. But the jest was unsatisfying, and I was thinking of these figures all the morning, until Weena’s rescue drove them out of my head. I associated them in some indefinite way with the white animal I had startled in my first passionate search for the Time Machine. But Weena was a pleasant substitute. Yet all the same, they were soon destined to take far deadlier possession of my mind. `I think I have said how much hotter than our own was the weather of this Golden Age. I cannot account for it. It may be that the sun was hotter, or the earth nearer the sun. It is usual to assume that the sun will go on cooling steadily in the future. But people, unfamiliar with such speculations as those of the younger Darwin, forget that the planets must ultimately fall back one by one into the parent body. As these catastrophes occur, the sun will blaze with renewed energy; and it may be that some inner planet had suffered this fate. Whatever the reason, the fact remains that the sun was very much hotter than we know it. `Well, one very hot morning–my fourth, I think–as I was seeking shelter from the heat and glare in a colossal ruin near the great house where I slept and fed, there happened this strange thing: Clambering among these heaps of masonry, I found a narrow gallery, whose end and side windows were blocked by fallen masses of stone. By contrast with the brilliancy outside, it seemed at first impenetrably dark to me. I entered it groping, for the change from light to blackness made spots of colour swim before me. Suddenly I halted spellbound. A pair of eyes, luminous by reflection against the daylight without, was watching me out of the darkness. `The old instinctive dread of wild beasts came upon me. I clenched my hands and steadfastly looked into the glaring eyeballs. I was afraid to turn. Then the thought of the absolute security in which humanity appeared to be living came to my mind. And then I remembered that strange terror of the dark. Overcoming my fear to some extent, I advanced a step and spoke. I will admit that my voice was harsh and ill-controlled. I put out my hand and touched something soft. At once the eyes darted sideways, and something white ran past me. I turned with my heart in my mouth, and saw a queer little ape-like figure, its head held down in a peculiar manner, running across the sunlit space behind me. It blundered against a block of granite, staggered aside, and in a moment was hidden in a black shadow beneath another pile of ruined masonry. `My impression of it is, of course, imperfect; but I know it was a dull white, and had strange large greyish-red eyes; also that there was flaxen hair on its head and down its back. But, as I say, it went too fast for me to see distinctly. I cannot even say whether it ran on all-fours, or only with its forearms held very low. After an instant’s pause I followed it into the second heap of ruins. I could not find it at first; but, after a time in the profound obscurity, I came upon one of those round well-like openings of which I have told you, half closed by a fallen pillar. A sudden thought came to me. Could this Thing have vanished down the shaft? I lit a match, and, looking down, I saw a small, white, moving creature, with large bright eyes which regarded me steadfastly as it retreated. It made me shudder. It was so like a human spider! It was clambering down the wall, and now I saw for the first time a number of metal foot and hand rests forming a kind of ladder down the shaft. Then the light burned my fingers and fell out of my hand, going out as it dropped, and when I had lit another the little monster had disappeared. `I do not know how long I sat peering down that well. It was not for some time that I could succeed in persuading myself that the thing I had seen was human. But, gradually, the truth dawned on me: that Man had not remained one species, but had differentiated into two distinct animals: that my graceful children of the Upper-world were not the sole descendants of our generation, but that this bleached, obscene, nocturnal Thing, which had flashed before me, was also heir to all the ages. `I thought of the flickering pillars and of my theory of an underground ventilation. I began to suspect their true import. And what, I wondered, was this Lemur doing in my scheme of a perfectly balanced organization? How was it related to the indolent serenity of the beautiful Upper-worlders? And what was hidden down there, at the foot of that shaft? I sat upon the edge of the well telling myself that, at any rate, there was nothing to fear, and that there I must descend for the solution of my difficulties. And withal I was absolutely afraid to go! As I hesitated, two of the beautiful Upper-world people came running in their amorous sport across the daylight in the shadow. The male pursued the female, flinging flowers at her as he ran. `They seemed distressed to find me, my arm against the overturned pillar, peering down the well. Apparently it was considered bad form to remark these apertures; for when I pointed to this one, and tried to frame a question about it in their tongue, they were still more visibly distressed and turned away. But they were interested by my matches, and I struck some to amuse them. I tried them again about the well, and again I failed. So presently I left them, meaning to go back to Weena, and see what I could get from her. But my mind was already in revolution; my guesses and impressions were slipping and sliding to a new adjustment. I had now a clue to the import of these wells, to the ventilating towers, to the mystery of the ghosts; to say nothing of a hint at the meaning of the bronze gates and the fate of the Time Machine! And very vaguely there came a suggestion towards the solution of the economic problem that had puzzled me. `Here was the new view. Plainly, this second species of Man was subterranean. There were three circumstances in particular which made me think that its rare emergence above ground was the outcome of a long-continued underground habit. In the first place, there was the bleached look common in most animals that live largely in the dark–the white fish of the Kentucky caves, for instance. Then, those large eyes, with that capacity for reflecting light, are common features of nocturnal things– witness the owl and the cat. And last of all, that evident confusion in the sunshine, that hasty yet fumbling awkward flight towards dark shadow, and that peculiar carriage of the head while in the light–all reinforced the theory of an extreme sensitiveness of the retina. `Beneath my feet, then, the earth must be tunnelled enormously, and these tunnellings were the habitat of the new race. The presence of ventilating shafts and wells along the hill slopes–everywhere, in fact except along the river valley –showed how universal were its ramifications. What so natural, then, as to assume that it was in this artificial Underworld that such work as was necessary to the comfort of the daylight race was done? The notion was so plausible that I at once accepted it, and went on to assume the how of this splitting of the human species. I dare say you will anticipate the shape of my theory; though, for myself, I very soon felt that it fell far short of the truth. `At first, proceeding from the problems of our own age, it seemed clear as daylight to me that the gradual widening of the present merely temporary and social difference between the Capitalist and the Labourer, was the key to the whole position. No doubt it will seem grotesque enough to you–and wildly incredible!–and yet even now there are existing circumstances to point that way. There is a tendency to utilize underground space for the less ornamental purposes of civilization; there is the Metropolitan Railway in London, for instance, there are new electric railways, there are subways, there are underground workrooms and restaurants, and they increase and multiply. Evidently, I thought, this tendency had increased till Industry had gradually lost its birthright in the sky. I mean that it had gone deeper and deeper into larger and ever larger underground factories, spending a still-increasing amount of its time therein, till, in the end–! Even now, does not an East-end worker live in such artificial conditions as practically to be cut off from the natural surface of the earth? `Again, the exclusive tendency of richer people–due, no doubt, to the increasing refinement of their education, and the widening gulf between them and the rude violence of the poor– is already leading to the closing, in their interest, of considerable portions of the surface of the land. About London, for instance, perhaps half the prettier country is shut in against intrusion. And this same widening gulf–which is due to the length and expense of the higher educational process and the increased facilities for and temptations towards refined habits on the part of the rich–will make that exchange between class and class, that promotion by intermarriage which at present retards the splitting of our species along lines of social stratification, less and less frequent. So, in the end, above ground you must have the Haves, pursuing pleasure and comfort and beauty, and below ground the Have-nots, the Workers getting continually adapted to the conditions of their labour. Once they were there, they would no doubt have to pay rent, and not a little of it, for the ventilation of their caverns; and if they refused, they would starve or be suffocated for arrears. Such of them as were so constituted as to be miserable and rebellious would die; and, in the end, the balance being permanent, the survivors would become as well adapted to the conditions of underground life, and as happy in their way, as the Upper-world people were to theirs. As it seemed to me, the refined beauty and the etiolated pallor followed naturally enough. `The great triumph of Humanity I had dreamed of took a different shape in my mind. It had been no such triumph of moral education and general co-operation as I had imagined. Instead, I saw a real aristocracy, armed with a perfected science and working to a logical conclusion the industrial system of to-day. Its triumph had not been simply a triumph over Nature, but a triumph over Nature and the fellow-man. This, I must warn you, was my theory at the time. I had no convenient cicerone in the pattern of the Utopian books. My explanation may be absolutely wrong. I still think it is the most plausible one. But even on this supposition the balanced civilization that was at last attained must have long since passed its zenith, and was now far fallen into decay. The too-perfect security of the Upper-worlders had led them to a slow movement of degeneration, to a general dwindling in size, strength, and intelligence. That I could see clearly enough already. What had happened to the Under-grounders I did not yet suspect; but from what I had seen of the Morlocks–that, by the by, was the name by which these creatures were called–I could imagine that the modification of the human type was even far more profound than among the “Eloi,” the beautiful race that I already knew. `Then came troublesome doubts. Why had the Morlocks taken my Time Machine? For I felt sure it was they who had taken it. Why, too, if the Eloi were masters, could they not restore the machine to me? And why were they so terribly afraid of the dark? I proceeded, as I have said, to question Weena about this Under-world, but here again I was disappointed. At first she would not understand my questions, and presently she refused to answer them. She shivered as though the topic was unendurable. And when I pressed her, perhaps a little harshly, she burst into tears. They were the only tears, except my own, I ever saw in that Golden Age. When I saw them I ceased abruptly to trouble about the Morlocks, and was only concerned in banishing these signs of the human inheritance from Weena’s eyes. And very soon she was smiling and clapping her hands, while I solemnly burned a match. VI `It may seem odd to you, but it was two days before I could follow up the new-found clue in what was manifestly the proper way. I felt a peculiar shrinking from those pallid bodies. They were just the half-bleached colour of the worms and things one sees preserved in spirit in a zoological museum. And they were filthily cold to the touch. Probably my shrinking was largely due to the sympathetic influence of the Eloi, whose disgust of the Morlocks I now began to appreciate. `The next night I did not sleep well. Probably my health was a little disordered. I was oppressed with perplexity and doubt. Once or twice I had a feeling of intense fear for which I could perceive no definite reason. I remember creeping noiselessly into the great hall where the little people were sleeping in the moonlight–that night Weena was among them–and feeling reassured by their presence. It occurred to me even then, that in the course of a few days the moon must pass through its last quarter, and the nights grow dark, when the appearances of these unpleasant creatures from below, these whitened Lemurs, this new vermin that had replaced the old, might be more abundant. And on both these days I had the restless feeling of one who shirks an inevitable duty. I felt assured that the Time Machine was only to be recovered by boldly penetrating these underground mysteries. Yet I could not face the mystery. If only I had had a companion it would have been different. But I was so horribly alone, and even to clamber down into the darkness of the well appalled me. I don’t know if you will understand my feeling, but I never felt quite safe at my back. `It was this restlessness, this insecurity, perhaps, that drove me further and further afield in my exploring expeditions. Going to the south-westward towards the rising country that is now called Combe Wood, I observed far off, in the direction of nineteenth-century Banstead, a vast green structure, different in character from any I had hitherto seen. It was larger than the largest of the palaces or ruins I knew, and the facade had an Oriental look: the face of it having the lustre, as well as the pale-green tint, a kind of bluish-green, of a certain type of Chinese porcelain. This difference in aspect suggested a difference in use, and I was minded to push on and explore. But the day was growing late, and I had come upon the sight of the place after a long and tiring circuit; so I resolved to hold over the adventure for the following day, and I returned to the welcome and the caresses of little Weena. But next morning I perceived clearly enough that my curiosity regarding the Palace of Green Porcelain was a piece of self-deception, to enable me to shirk, by another day, an experience I dreaded. I resolved I would make the descent without further waste of time, and started out in the early morning towards a well near the ruins of granite and aluminium. `Little Weena ran with me. She danced beside me to the well, but when she saw me lean over the mouth and look downward, she seemed strangely disconcerted. “Good-bye, Little Weena,” I said, kissing her; and then putting her down, I began to feel over the parapet for the climbing hooks. Rather hastily, I may as well confess, for I feared my courage might leak away! At first she watched me in amazement. Then she gave a most piteous cry, and running to me, she began to pull at me with her little hands. I think her opposition nerved me rather to proceed. I shook her off, perhaps a little roughly, and in another moment I was in the throat of the well. I saw her agonized face over the parapet, and smiled to reassure her. Then I had to look down at the unstable hooks to which I clung. `I had to clamber down a shaft of perhaps two hundred yards. The descent was effected by means of metallic bars projecting from the sides of the well, and these being adapted to the needs of a creature much smaller and lighter than myself, I was speedily cramped and fatigued by the descent. And not simply fatigued! One of the bars bent suddenly under my weight, and almost swung me off into the blackness beneath. For a moment I hung by one hand, and after that experience I did not dare to rest again. Though my arms and back were presently acutely painful, I went on clambering down the sheer descent with as quick a motion as possible. Glancing upward, I saw the aperture, a small blue disk, in which a star was visible, while little Weena’s head showed as a round black projection. The thudding sound of a machine below grew louder and more oppressive. Everything save that little disk above was profoundly dark, and when I looked up again Weena had disappeared. `I was in an agony of discomfort. I had some thought of trying to go up the shaft again, and leave the Under-world alone. But even while I turned this over in my mind I continued to descend. At last, with intense relief, I saw dimly coming up, a foot to the right of me, a slender loophole in the wall. Swinging myself in, I found it was the aperture of a narrow horizontal tunnel in which I could lie down and rest. It was not too soon. My arms ached, my back was cramped, and I was trembling with the prolonged terror of a fall. Besides this, the unbroken darkness had had a distressing effect upon my eyes. The air was full of the throb and hum of machinery pumping air down the shaft. `I do not know how long I lay. I was roused by a soft hand touching my face. Starting up in the darkness I snatched at my matches and, hastily striking one, I saw three stooping white creatures similar to the one I had seen above ground in the ruin, hastily retreating before the light. Living, as they did, in what appeared to me impenetrable darkness, their eyes were abnormally large and sensitive, just as are the pupils of the abysmal fishes, and they reflected the light in the same way. I have no doubt they could see me in that rayless obscurity, and they did not seem to have any fear of me apart from the light. But, so soon as I struck a match in order to see them, they fled incontinently, vanishing into dark gutters and tunnels, from which their eyes glared at me in the strangest fashion. `I tried to call to them, but the language they had was apparently different from that of the Over-world people; so that I was needs left to my own unaided efforts, and the thought of flight before exploration was even then in my mind. But I said to myself, “You are in for it now,” and, feeling my way along the tunnel, I found the noise of machinery grow louder. Presently the walls fell away from me, and I came to a large open space, and striking another match, saw that I had entered a vast arched cavern, which stretched into utter darkness beyond the range of my light. The view I had of it was as much as one could see in the burning of a match. `Necessarily my memory is vague. Great shapes like big <iframe width="1280" height="533" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9DA6ZP96OdI" title="The Time Machine - Answer To Why One Can Not Change The Past" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

<iframe width="1280" height="720" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Wj_DsD9DjE4" title="Solar System in Motion A Helical Visualization of Time" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> **[npub16d8gxt2z4k9e8sdpc0yyqzf5gp0np09ls4lnn630qzxzvwpl0rgq5h4rzv]** **Helical Visualization of Time's Passage in Orbital Motion and Celestial Mechanics** Exploring the dynamics of our Solar System through helical visualization opens new possibilities for understanding time, orbital motion, and planetary trajectories. By visualizing time as a continuous helical path, we gain insights into the cyclical and evolving nature of celestial mechanics, where each planet's orbit interacts with others in both predictable and dynamic patterns. ### **1. Helical Visualization of Time’s Passage** - **Time as a Continuous Helix**: Instead of viewing planetary orbits as fixed ellipses, this model represents the passage of time as a helical curve, linking each orbital cycle to the next. This visualization allows for a deeper understanding of the long-term movement of celestial bodies. - **Progression of Orbital Events**: As planets follow their helical paths, we can track the passage of time from multiple perspectives, observing how their positions and velocities evolve in relation to one another. The helical model offers an elegant representation of periodic cycles that emphasizes the interconnectedness of cosmic events. - **Temporal Interactions**: In this model, events like eclipses, conjunctions, and retrogrades become visualized as intersecting points on the helical path, emphasizing their importance in the grand tapestry of the Solar System's motion. ### **2. Orbital Motion and Celestial Mechanics** - **Interplanetary Influences**: The interactions between planetary bodies are inherently governed by gravitational forces, which create orbital motions that are often predictable yet influenced by external factors like planetary alignments and the gravitational pull of distant stars. - **Orbital Resonance and Tidal Forces**: The gravitational interactions between planets, moons, and even asteroids can result in phenomena like orbital resonance. These interactions can be visualized in a helical model, showing how bodies can affect each other's orbits over time, much like the push and pull of a dance. - **The Dance of the Planets**: Each planet’s orbit is not only a path through space but a part of a cosmic ballet, where their gravitational interactions affect one another's orbits. The helical model of motion helps us visualize how these interactions evolve over millions of years, helping to predict future trajectories. ### **3. Planetary Orbits and the Structure of the Solar System** - **Elliptical and Spiral Patterns**: While many planetary orbits are elliptical, the helical model introduces a dynamic spiral element to represent the combined motion of planets both around the Sun and through space. As the planets move, their orbits could resemble intricate spirals that reflect the cumulative effect of their motion through time. - **Resonance and Stability**: Certain orbits may stabilize or shift over long periods due to gravitational interactions between planets. This helical view provides a tool for observing how minor orbital shifts can amplify over time, affecting not only the planets but the overall structure of the Solar System. - **Nonlinear Progression**: Planets do not follow predictable paths in a simple two-dimensional plane. Instead, their orbits are affected by multiple forces, including interactions with other celestial bodies, making the helical model an ideal tool for visualizing the complexity and evolving nature of these planetary orbits. ### **4. Space Visualization and the Expanding Universe** - **Moving Beyond the Solar System**: The helical model of time and orbital motion does not end with our Solar System. As we visualize the movement of our Solar System within the broader context of the Milky Way, we begin to understand how our own galaxy's orbit affects our local motion through the universe. - **Helical Paths in Cosmic Space**: This visualization method allows us to consider the Solar System’s motion as part of a larger, spiraling pattern that reaches across the galaxy, suggesting that our journey through space follows an intricate, three-dimensional helical path. ### **Connections (Links to Other Notes)** - **The Mathematical Foundations of Orbital Mechanics** - **Time as a Dimension in Celestial Navigation** - **Gravitational Forces and Orbital Stability** ### **Tags** #SolarSystem #HelicalMotion #TimeVisualization #OrbitalMechanics #CelestialBodies #PlanetaryOrbits #SpaceExploration ### **Donations via** - ZeroSumFreeParity@primal.net

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

The theory of evolution claims that all life gradually developed from a common ancestor over millions of years, shaped by random mutations and natural selection. It is often presented as an unquestionable fact, but when examined closely (the part many fail to do anymore), the evidence tells a different story. Both scientific discoveries and biblical truth point to a far more logical and consistent explanation—one of intentional design rather than blind chance. From the complexity of life to the precise order of the universe, every aspect of creation bears the unmistakable marks of an intelligent Creator. Let’s break it down simply and clearly, exposing the flaws in evolution and revealing the undeniable truth of God’s design. 1. No Transitional Fossils If evolution were true, we should see countless fossils of creatures in-between species (half-fish, half-reptile, etc.). Instead, fossils show fully formed creatures appearing suddenly, with no gradual change. Even Darwin admitted the fossil record didn’t support his theory. 2. Life is Too Complex to Happen by Accident The human eye, the bacterial flagellum, and even a single cell are incredibly complex, with interdependent parts that must all work at once. This is called irreducible complexity—if one piece is missing, the whole system fails. Random mutations can’t create such intricate designs. Design requires a designer. 3. DNA: A Code That Needs a Programmer DNA is a vast information system, more advanced than any computer code. Information always comes from intelligence, not random processes. Mutations mainly destroy information; they don’t create new, functional systems. 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Things Fall Apart Everything's natural tendency is to break down over time, not build up (like a house falling apart, not randomly constructing itself). Evolution claims the opposite—that things become more complex without guidance. This contradicts observed science. 5. Consciousness and Morality Make No Sense in Evolution Why do humans have love, compassion, and a sense of right and wrong? If we were just animals fighting to survive, morality wouldn’t exist. The Bible explains it: We were made in God's image, not just random molecules. 6. The Bible’s Account of Creation Matches Reality Genesis 1 says God created “kinds”—dogs produce dogs, birds produce birds, and humans produce humans. This is exactly what we see in nature—no one has ever observed one kind turning into another. Evolution is based on assumptions, while the Bible gives a clear, tested explanation of life’s origin. The Complete Solution: Creation is Truth The evidence points to a Creator, not blind chance. Science confirms the Bible, not evolution. Recognizing God's design gives life meaning and purpose. Psalm 19:1 – “The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims His handiwork.” Evolution is not just scientifically weak—it removes purpose and meaning. The truth is simple: God created life, and we are part of His design.

@ b8a9df82:6ab5cbbd

Last week at Bitcoin Investment Week in New York City, hosted by Anthony Pompliano, Jack Mallers walked in wearing sneakers and a T-shirt, casually dropping, “Man… I hate politics.” That was it. That was the moment I felt aligned again. That’s the energy I came for. No suits. No corporate jargon. Just a guy who gets it—who cares about people, bringing Bitcoin-powered payments to the masses and making sure people can actually use it. His presence was a reminder of why we’re here in the first place. And his words—“I hate politics”—were a breath of fresh air. Now, don’t get me wrong. Anthony was a fantastic host. His ability to mix wittiness, playfulness, and seriousness made him an entertaining moderator. But this week was unlike anything I’ve ever experienced in the Bitcoin ecosystem. One of the biggest letdowns was the lack of interaction. No real Q&A sessions, no direct engagement, no real discussions. Just one fireside chat after another. And sure, I get it—people love to hear themselves talk. But where were the questions? The critical debates? The chance for the audience to actually participate? I’m used to Bitcoin meetups and conferences where you walk away with new ideas, new friends, and maybe even a new project to contribute to. Here, it was more like sitting in an expensive lecture hall, watching a lineup of speakers tell us things we already know. A different vibe—and not in a good way Over the past few months, I’ve attended nearly ten Bitcoin conferences, each leaving me feeling uplifted, inspired, and ready to take action. But this? This felt different. And not in a good way. If this had been my first Bitcoin event, I might have walked away questioning whether I even belonged here. It wasn’t Prague. It wasn’t Riga. It wasn’t the buzzing, grassroots, pleb-filled gatherings I had grown to love. Instead, it felt more like a Wall Street networking event disguised as a Bitcoin conference. Maybe it was the suits. Or the fact that I was sitting in a room full of investors who have no problem dropping $1,000+ on a ticket. Or that it reminded me way too much of my former life—working as a manager in London’s real estate industry, navigating boardrooms full of finance guys in polished shoes, talking about “assets under management.” Bitcoin isn’t just an investment thesis. It’s a revolution. A movement. And yet, at times during this week, I felt like I was back in my fiat past, stuck in a room where people measured success in dollars, not in freedom. Maybe that’s the point. Bitcoin Investment Week was never meant to be a pleb gathering. That said, the week did have some bright spots. PubKey was a fantastic kickoff. That was real Bitcoin culture—plebs, Nostr, grassroots energy. People who actually use Bitcoin, not just talk about it. But the absolute highlight? Jack Mallers, sneakers and all, cutting through the noise with his authenticity. So, why did we even go? Good question. Maybe it was curiosity. Maybe it was stepping out of our usual circles to see Bitcoin through a different lens. Maybe it was to remind ourselves why we chose this path in the first place. Would I go again? Probably not. Would I trade Prague, Riga, bitcoin++ or any of the grassroots Bitcoin conferences for this? Not a chance. At the end of the day, Bitcoin doesn’t belong to Wall Street from my opinion. It belongs to the people who actually use it. And those are the people I want to be around.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Been hearing clips of Newsom's new podcast. I've long said Newsom will run for president. I was saying this when he was the mayor of San Fransisco. He is like a modern day Bill Clinton. He is VERY gifted with the skills a politician needs. He's cool and calm. He's quick and sharp. His podcast isn't terrible and he's talking to people that disagree with him. He is also pissing off the more extreme members of his party by his pivots on many issues. He's even talking about men in women's sports. Make no mistake. I think the dude is a snake and criminal. I hope he never gets any other political office. I just think MANY, most people on the right underestimate this man. Had the Biden crime family actually cared about their party they would have stepped down and let Newsom run. I think he would have defeated Trump. I know that will piss many of you off but I do not believe the US changed because the Orange man won an election. Trump was shooting fish in a barrel in the last election. Two attempts were made on his life. Biden ran the US into the ground. Harris is a joke. Newsom is not. Newsom is not a radical. He will move to the center and that will appeal to lot of people. Fools, but they are what they are. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/906052

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

https://pub-53ed77d5544b46628691823c1795f2c7.r2.dev/Reticulum-Unstoppable-Network-Compressed.mp4 [npub16d8gxt2z4k9e8sdpc0yyqzf5gp0np09ls4lnn630qzxzvwpl0rgq5h4rzv] ### **What is Reticulum?** Reticulum is a cryptographic networking stack designed for resilient, decentralized, and censorship-resistant communication. Unlike the traditional internet, Reticulum enables fully independent digital communications over various physical mediums, such as radio, LoRa, serial links, and even TCP/IP. The key advantages of Reticulum include: - **Decentralization** – No reliance on centralized infrastructure. - **Encryption & Privacy** – End-to-end encryption built-in. - **Resilience** – Operates over unreliable and low-bandwidth links. - **Interoperability** – Works over WiFi, LoRa, Bluetooth, and more. - **Ease of Use** – Can run on minimal hardware, including Raspberry Pi and embedded devices. Reticulum is ideal for off-grid, censorship-resistant communications, emergency preparedness, and secure messaging. --- ## **1. Getting Started with Reticulum** To quickly get started with Reticulum, follow the official guide: [Reticulum: Getting Started Fast](https://markqvist.github.io/Reticulum/manual/gettingstartedfast.html) ### **Step 1: Install Reticulum** #### **On Linux (Debian/Ubuntu-based systems)** ```sh sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y sudo apt install -y python3-pip pip3 install rns ``` #### **On Raspberry Pi or ARM-based Systems** ```sh pip3 install rns ``` #### **On Windows** Using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) or Python: ```sh pip install rns ``` #### **On macOS** ```sh pip3 install rns ``` --- ## **2. Configuring Reticulum** Once installed, Reticulum needs a configuration file. The default location is: ```sh ~/.config/reticulum/config.toml ``` To generate the default configuration: ```sh rnsd ``` This creates a configuration file with default settings. --- ## **3. Using Reticulum** ### **Starting the Reticulum Daemon** To run the Reticulum daemon (`rnsd`), use: ```sh rnsd ``` This starts the network stack, allowing applications to communicate over Reticulum. ### **Testing Your Reticulum Node** Run the diagnostic tool to ensure your node is functioning: ```sh rnstatus ``` This shows the status of all connected interfaces and peers. --- ## **4. Adding Interfaces** ### **LoRa Interface (for Off-Grid Communications)** Reticulum supports long-range LoRa radios like the **RAK Wireless** and **Meshtastic devices**. To add a LoRa interface, edit `config.toml` and add: ```toml [[interfaces]] type = "LoRa" name = "My_LoRa_Interface" frequency = 868.0 bandwidth = 125 spreading_factor = 9 ``` Restart Reticulum to apply the changes. ### **Serial (For Direct Device-to-Device Links)** For communication over serial links (e.g., between two Raspberry Pis): ```toml [[interfaces]] type = "Serial" port = "/dev/ttyUSB0" baudrate = 115200 ``` ### **TCP/IP (For Internet-Based Nodes)** If you want to bridge your Reticulum node over an existing IP network: ```toml [[interfaces]] type = "TCP" listen = true bind = "0.0.0.0" port = 4242 ``` --- ## **5. Applications Using Reticulum** ### **LXMF (LoRa Mesh Messaging Framework)** LXMF is a delay-tolerant, fully decentralized messaging system that operates over Reticulum. It allows encrypted, store-and-forward messaging without requiring an always-online server. To install: ```sh pip3 install lxmf ``` To start the LXMF node: ```sh lxmfd ``` ### **Nomad Network (Decentralized Chat & File Sharing)** Nomad is a Reticulum-based chat and file-sharing platform, ideal for **off-grid** communication. To install: ```sh pip3 install nomad-network ``` To run: ```sh nomad ``` ### **Mesh Networking with Meshtastic & Reticulum** Reticulum can work alongside **Meshtastic** for true decentralized long-range communication. To set up a Meshtastic bridge: ```toml [[interfaces]] type = "LoRa" port = "/dev/ttyUSB0" baudrate = 115200 ``` --- ## **6. Security & Privacy Features** - **Automatic End-to-End Encryption** – Every message is encrypted by default. - **No Centralized Logging** – Communication leaves no metadata traces. - **Self-Healing Routing** – Designed to work in unstable or hostile environments. --- ## **7. Practical Use Cases** - **Off-Grid Communication** – Works in remote areas without cellular service. - **Censorship Resistance** – Cannot be blocked by ISPs or governments. - **Emergency Networks** – Enables resilient communication during disasters. - **Private P2P Networks** – Create a secure, encrypted communication layer. --- ## **8. Further Exploration & Documentation** - **Reticulum Official Manual**: [https://markqvist.github.io/Reticulum/manual/](https://markqvist.github.io/Reticulum/manual/) - **Reticulum GitHub Repository**: [https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum](https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum) - **Nomad Network**: [https://github.com/markqvist/NomadNet](https://github.com/markqvist/NomadNet) - **Meshtastic + Reticulum**: [https://meshtastic.org](https://meshtastic.org) --- ## **Connections (Links to Other Notes)** - **Mesh Networking for Decentralized Communication** - **LoRa and Off-Grid Bitcoin Transactions** - **Censorship-Resistant Communication Using Nostr & Reticulum** ## **Tags** #Reticulum #DecentralizedComms #MeshNetworking #CensorshipResistance #LoRa ## **Donations via** - **Bitcoin Lightning**: lightninglayerhash@getalby.com

@ 43baaf0c:d193e34c

From Bangkok to Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.  For the past three years, I’ve traveled from Bangkok to Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, with a stop in Dubai a 24-hour journey that brings me back to Europe and to my artist friend, Alecs Navio. Along with his wife, he runs a coworking space called Soppa de Azul. The main reason I return here is to create new art. Alecs constantly inspires me—we talk about art, artists, and he shares books that spark new ideas for my work. As an artist, I believe it’s essential to keep evolving. Growth comes from inspiration, and there’s no better source than fellow artists. Surrounding yourself with creative minds fuels your passion, and it all starts with conversations about art and life.  Today was a perfect example of why I’m here. I looked at some of my older artwork hanging in the coworking space and said I didn’t like it anymore. Alecs reminded me that I should appreciate my past work because it’s part of my journey. Without it I wouldn’t be the artist I am today. I always say the journey is the destination, and Alecs helped me see that this applies to art as well. This is why I believe in surrounding myself with people who inspire me those who celebrate my growth and remind me why they are such an important part of my journey. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/o5UohDfgK5g?si=UQbaf4jkkrXz8VVR" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>

@ 0c503f08:4aed05c7

My host is Debian and I'm using VirtualBox. Everything seems to be working well. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/906016

@ d6c48950:54d57756

I wanted to write my system for bitcoin inheritance and seed storage that will likely outlive me - the reason why is recently bitkey (squares hardware wallet) announced their inheritance system which is a vast improvement but still has a single point of failure square and the app they maintain though this is still a good thing and will improve the ecosystem and raise awareness there is a cheaper method that is just a secure but doesn’t have a single point of failure. ## 2/3 seed storage 2/3 seed storage is actually a pretty simple way of splitting up a key into three parts, if you have one part it’s useless, if you have any two parts it’s complete - if one piece is destroyed it doesn’t matter (demo below) | A<br/> | B<br/> | C<br/> | |-----|-----|-----| | 1. apple<br/> | 2. zipper<br/> | 3. dog<br/> | | 4. tree<br/> | 5. car<br/> | 6. bus<br/> | | 7. banana<br/> | 8. motorbike<br/> | 9. dune<br/> | | 10. frank<br/> | 11. foundation<br/> | 12. meditation<br/> | | 13. whiteboard<br/> | 14. laptop<br/> | 15. books<br/> | | 16. perfume<br/> | 17. computer<br/> | 18. stone<br/> | | 19. brick<br/> | 20. spreadsheet<br/> | 21. bird<br/> | | 22. blog<br/> | 23. leaves<br/> | 24. grass<br/> | This is a seed phrase split up into three parts (a,b,c) - now you can create your 3 parts (1) | A<br/> | B<br/> | | |-----|-----|-----| | 1. apple<br/> | 2. zipper<br/> | | | 4. tree<br/> | 5. car<br/> | | | 7. banana<br/> | 8. motorbike<br/> | | | 10. frank<br/> | 11. foundation<br/> | | | 13. whiteboard<br/> | 14. laptop<br/> | | | 16. perfume<br/> | 17. computer<br/> | | | 19. brick<br/> | 20. spreadsheet<br/> | | | 22. blog<br/> | 23. leaves<br/> | | (2) | | B<br/> | C<br/> | |-----|-----|-----| | | 2. zipper<br/> | 3. dog<br/> | | | 5. car<br/> | 6. bus<br/> | | | 8. motorbike<br/> | 9. dune<br/> | | | 11. foundation<br/> | 12. meditation<br/> | | | 14. laptop<br/> | 15. books<br/> | | | 17. computer<br/> | 18. stone<br/> | | | 20. spreadsheet<br/> | 21. bird<br/> | | | 23. leaves<br/> | 24. grass<br/> | (3) | A<br/> | | C<br/> | |-----|-----|-----| | 1. apple<br/> | | 3. dog<br/> | | 4. tree<br/> | | 6. bus<br/> | | 7. banana<br/> | | 9. dune<br/> | | 10. frank<br/> | | 12. meditation<br/> | | 13. whiteboard<br/> | | 15. books<br/> | | 16. perfume<br/> | | 18. stone<br/> | | 19. brick<br/> | | 21. bird<br/> | | 22. blog<br/> | | 24. grass<br/> | Now you have your parts, you need at least 2/3 for it to be useful. ## distribution Distribution is pretty simple, keep one part, give a part to whomever you want to be able to claim your bitcoin upon death, give a part to someone you trust (along with instructions to post it to the claimant upon your death). ## failure For this to fail either 1. Two out of three parts would have to be destroyed 2. The trusted party would have to not post it AND either your part or the claimants would have to be destroyed 3. The trusted party cannot figure out how to use a seed phrase (by default you should include instructions i.e NEVER SHARE THE SEED, transfer to a recommended wallet from bitcoin.org then transfer to an exchange and sell)

@ 43baaf0c:d193e34c

Bangkok art city.  Bangkok is a highly creative city, which is one of the reasons I love living here. I’d love to hold a second exhibition something special and even bigger than before. The fact that all major galleries are free to the public says a lot about how much Bangkok values art. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6ddpEoSn_os?si=YKg6JRcsta1oNY9b" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> Over the last five months, I’ve been developing BangPOP art as both a concept and a blueprint for exhibitions worldwide. It serves as a guideline to ensure recognizable elements in each exhibition or event. While the artwork itself will always be unique, the POP Up exhibitions will have a distinct and recognizable identity wherever they take place.  You can read here the https://bitpopart.com/bangpop POP exhibition blue print.  Unfortunately, my plan to hold an exhibition at River City in Bangkok doesn’t seem to be coming together. Here’s the curator’s note: ‘our exhibition schedule on the 2nd floor this year and next year are quite packed and we have received numerous proposals at this moment.‘  After considering alternative venues in Bangkok, I’m optimistic about finding the right fit. For now, my focus is shifting to Europe, where I’ll use the BangPOP blueprint as my guiding framework.   Thank you Bangkok!