@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install EtchDroid (it's free and open source)
   • Use the telemetry-free version on F-Droid
2. Launch the app, then tap What's Supported? to check compatibility with devices and disk images
3. Insert the USB drive
4. Tap Write An Image, then select the desired image file
5. Tap Grant Access, confirm, and then tap Write image
6. Optionally, allow notifications to be notified when the process is complete
7. Your bootable USB drive is now ready

⚠️ Avoid moving the phone during the image writing process

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

asfadfadsf draft 333

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petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ df478568:2a951e67

XMMP is a protocol that allows journalists and plebs alike to create a phone number that is not tied to your identity. Why would you want to do this? Are you some kind of hacker? Well… yeah… we are hackers, technically. That doesn't mean we want to break the non-aggression principle and steal sats from OGs or anything. Perhaps it's better to call ourselves cybersecurity experts to placate neurotypical people.

Every Bitcoiner worth their sats knows phone numbers are a security hole. Sure, if you're a super cypherpunk with a 100% KYC-free stack or never intend to spend your “precious,” then this might not concern you. You can sell your sats on Bisq for paper cash trash and pay your water bill or whatever. It's a significant inconvenience, but I know some people who do this. Satoshi bless them! But the rest of us mere mortals find it easier to use bill-pay services with Strike. Unfortunately, the powers that be force us to use our telephone numbers as a de-facto identity system.

This phone number must be trusted to a third party, and as Nick Szabo famously said, "Trusted third parties are security holes." This guy I go pleb camping with thinks it's funny that Bitcoiners never want to give away their phone numbers. It's true because phone numbers create an attack surface—specifically, they may be used for SIM swaps to drain our Bitcoin bank accounts or the associated traditional bank accounts. This is not the only attack. Smishing is also a concern, but that threat requires diligence since anyone using SMS is susceptible to it. XMMP won't prevent smishing; however, it will provide a phone number people can use to text or call without tying the number to your identity. Thus, even if attackers somehow compromise this phone number, it can't be used to drain your accounts.

What Is XMMP?

XMMP is a protocol that functions similarly to cellular phone service on almost any device with internet access. I don't think it'll work on a Kindle, but to be honest, I haven't tried. XMMP can be used alongside your existing phone, laptop, and desktop computers. You can safely give this phone number to all your hardcore hacker friends without worrying. It's affordable too—the service costs \$5.00 per month, and the service I use accepts sats for payment. Though this doesn’t include data, you can easily use XMMP over Wi-Fi.

If you want a separate phone running GrapheneOS or CalyxOS, you can pay for data in multiple ways. Personally, I like Silent Link—it's run by a fellow pleb and accepts sats via the Lightning Network.

How To Set Up XMMP

If you identify as a non-technical person, you can buy a phone and suite from Above Phone*, which will help you set everything up. I'm more of a DIY-as-much-as-I-can kind of guy, so I opted to set mine up myself. I haven't personally tried Above Phone, but I've heard good things about their service.

If you already have a phone but want a secure method to call or text your contacts, here's what to do:

1. Install Cheogram on your Android phone. Sorry, but I don’t know if Apple's overlords allow this for iOS devices.

2. Choose a phone number with JMP. They charge \$5.00 monthly and accept Bitcoin as payment. While you could port your current phone number, the purpose of this article is to create a fresh, anonymous phone number that cannot be traced back to you as an instrument for draining your bank account—so we won't get into porting here.

3. Once you've paid, you will receive a message in the Cheogram app confirming your order. It might take some time since payments are on-chain—so be patient. You can also pay with a credit card if you prefer, but we use sats in this household.

How To Get Data

You might occasionally want to send messages away from 127.0.0.1. My favorite solution is to use the services provided by Silent Link. They offer an eSIM, and while you can also get a phone number from Silent Link, it's mainly useful for services like Signal. However, it costs around \$20 worth of sats per month rather than JMP's \$5/month. Assuming all Bitcoiners are cheapskates like me—well, you do you!

I chose Silent Link's data plan. Initially, I messed up this process because I refreshed the webpage on my phone. Don't do that, or you'll have to spend another twenty bucks to set it up again. If you carefully follow Silent Link's instructions, you should be fine. Patience is crucial, and admittedly, that's something I'm not good at—which explains why I paid more sats than needed.

/* Above Phone is an affiliate link and I may get a small commission if you use my referral link.

☮️

npub1marc26z8nh3xkj5rcx7ufkatvx6ueqhp5vfw9v5teq26z254renshtf3g0

Support Zap This Blog

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Tip Sats

Got Questions?

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@ b99efe77:f3de3616

asfadfadsf draft 1

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petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ 3d073b19:4ae60f39

Markdown test:

1. italic
2. bold in openletter
3. Link: Nostr's current site

@ 3d073b19:4ae60f39

This is a test openletter

@ 34f1ddab:2ca0cf7c

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• Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses
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• Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats

You’re not just getting a service; you’re gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.

🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery\ We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority\ Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.

💻 Advanced Technology\ Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈

• Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases.
• Transaction Recovery: Mistakes happen — whether it’s an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery.
• Cold Wallet Restoration: If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet.
• Private Key Generation: Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy.

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# Don’t Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back!

Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC — nearly 20% of the total supply — are estimated to be permanently lost? Don’t become part of that statistic! Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges

🛡️ Real-Time Dust Attack Protection\ Our services extend beyond recovery. We offer dust attack protection, keeping your activity anonymous and your funds secure, shielding your identity from unwanted tracking, ransomware, and phishing attempts.

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📞 Need Immediate Assistance? Connect with Us!\ For real-time support or questions, reach out to our dedicated team on:\ ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver\ 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Crypt Recver is your trusted partner in cryptocurrency recovery. Let us turn your challenges into victories. Don’t hesitate — your crypto future starts now! 🚀✨

Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.

@ 6c05c73e:c4356f17

Descrição da Embraer (EMBR3)

A Embraer é uma empresa brasileira que nasceu de uma iniciativa do governo brasileiro de implementar uma indústria aeronáutica no país. Após a iniciativa do oficial de aviação do exército, Casimiro Montenegro em convidar o engenheiro Focke-Wulf e seus engenheiros para que atuassem no CTA(Centro Técnico de Aeronáutica). Em, 1953. A empresa surgiu para substituir a importação de jatos para o país.

Mais tarde, sobre a direção de Ozires Silva. Nasce a Embraer SA, em 1969. Em uma sociedade de economia mista vinculada ao ministério da aeronáutica. Mas, em 1992 a empresa foi colocada na lista de empresas a serem privatizadas e em 1994, sob a tutela de Itamar Franco a empresa foi leiloada.

Portanto, os novos majoritários da empresa eram dois fundos de pensão; Previ(20%) e Sistel (20%) e a Cia Bozano, Simonsen(20%) e alguns minoritários tinham algo em torno de (20%) . Vale entender que antes de ser privatizada a empresa estava a passos fortes rumo à falência. E, teve que passar por renovações após se tornar privada.

Contudo, vale lembrar também que alguns anos após a privatização, a empresa passou a figurar como a terceira maior fabricante de jatos comerciais do mundo. E, uma das empresas mais valiosas da Bovespa.

Visão geral

Primordialmente, a Embraer é uma empresa que atua projetando, fabricando e vendendo suas próprias aeronaves. Nesse segmento, ela conta com algumas classes de aviões: Defesa e segurança, comercial e agro. Ademais, estende- se também a serviços e suportes prestados.

A Embraer também atua no desenvolvimento de softwares para a indústria aeronáutica e conta com um dos centros de realidade virtual mais avançados e tecnológicos do mundo.

Desde sua fundação a Embraer já entregou mais de 8.000 aeronaves mundo afora. Ela é a maior fabricante de jatos de até 150 lugares e a maior exportadora de bens de alto valor agregado. Ela detém escritórios, centros de serviços e distribuição na África, Ásia e Europa.

Mercado

Com um mundo cada vez mais rápido e mais globalizado. A frase: "tempo é dinheiro". Nunca antes na história fez mais sentido. A demanda por voos domésticos e internacionais segue cada vez maior e com demanda para muito mais.

Entretanto, as maiores vendas da empresa não vieram do setor comercial. Mas, sim em defesa e segurança. Com um aumento de 12% (-14% em 1T24 vs -2% 1 T 25) nas vendas por aeronaves de defesa. Esse segmento foi o que mais cresceu nos últimos meses. Em partes pelas tensões geopolíticas e em partes pelo reconhecimento do KC-390.

A demanda por aviões militares só aumenta e segundo pesquisas é um mercado que pode alcançar $29bi até 2034.

Oportunidades

1 - Pedidos aumentaram

Olhando esses cenários. Eu enxergo 3 grandes oportunidades dentro da Embraer. A primeira e mais óbvia é sobre as vendas de aeronaves de defesa e também a parte executiva.

Apesar de ter entregado 30 jatos no 1T25. A empresa reportou que tem pedidos na casa dos $26bi, o que representa um aumento de 25% em relação ao período similar do último ano. Isso é enorme para os acionistas!

Seguindo a lógica, quanto maiores as vendas de aeronaves. Mais demanda você terá por serviços e suportes. Essa jogada é muito esperta, você vende a solução e detém a ferramenta para manter ela. Apesar da empresa ter reportado prejuízo -R$429mi.

Estou otimista pois a empresa tem uma grande leva de pedidos para entregar, que vai ocasionar o nosso segundo item…

2 - Ativos em caixa

Para contextualizar, a empresa está sentada sobre um capital de giro de R$2.7bi em 1T25. Em função da sazonalidade. Seus ativos aumentaram, em razão de um estoque de R$1,9Bi. Que são respectivos a entrega de aeronaves para os próximos trimestres.

Isso elevou o fluxo de caixa livre para R$2.3bi em 1T2025. Soma se todo esse caixa a redução da dívida que saiu de 1,8 x para 0,5 x no mesmo período. Reduzindo a alavancagem da empresa.

3 - Aviões de defesa e segurança

Aqui é onde está o “pulo do gato”. A demanda por aeronaves desse tipo aumentou muito, como dito anteriormente. E, a Embraer está muito bem posicionada e consolidada como uma marca de prestígio global. Colômbia, clientes Africanos, Áustria e Holanda. São clientes confirmados que já encomendaram para a Embraer.

Riscos

Na minha visão, o maior risco hoje em se investir em Embraer. São as chamadas "golden shares” do governo. Esse é de longe o fator que mais me preocupa. Mesmo, não sendo majoritário. Mas, sabemos como as coisas por aqui funcionam.

Ademais, um risco menor que percebo. É justamente pelas ações estarem no "hype". Isso pode fazer com que o pequeno investidor embarque de cara nessa jornada e veja o preço de suas ações derreterem sistematicamente. Contudo, toda cautela deve ser tomada.

Catalisadores

Vários pontos me chamam a atenção na empresa, tais como:

• O aumento da demanda por aeronaves de defesa e segurança.
• Bom fluxo de vendas para aeronaves executivas.
• O bom fluxo de caixa da empresa.
• A redução de alavancagem.
• A premissa de entrega de várias unidades ao longo dos próximos trimestres.
• E, consequentemente, a variação cambial também pode contribuir e muito para aumentar as margens da empresa.

Concluindo quero destacar que a empresa tem muito estoque para entregar (R$1.9BI). Lembre-se, a empresa já vendeu as aeronaves. Por sazonalidade, ela não entregou ainda. E, quando isso ocorrer, vamos ver um volume de dinheiro cada vez maior dentro da empresa. Por isso, não me surpreende que a empresa tenha performado 97% vs 2% do IBOV no mesmo período. Eu olharia com bastante carinho para a empresa nos próximos meses.

FAQ

Quem é o maior acionista da Embraer?

O maior acionista individual da Embraer é a Brandes Investment Partners, LP. A Brandes possui 14,4% das ações da companhia.

Qual a participação do governo na Embraer RI?

O governo, apesar da privatização, detém uma participação acionária especial, conhecida como "golden share", que lhe concede direito de veto em decisões estratégicas da empresa.

Quem é o proprietário da Embraer?

Seus principais acionistas individuais são os fundos estrangeiros Brandes e Mondrian. Qual é o capital social da Embraer RI?

Bio

Investir não precisa ser um bicho de sete cabeças! Na Threedolar, democratizamos o acesso ao mundo dos investimentos, oferecendo conteúdo claro e prático. Comece hoje mesmo a construir seu futuro financeiro!

Disclaimer

Lembre-se: este não é um conselho de investimento. Faça sua própria pesquisa antes de investir. Resultados passados não garantem lucros futuros. Cuide do seu dinheiro!

Referências:

• https://www.fundamentus.com.br/detalhes.php?papel=EMBR3&h=1
• https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraer#/media/Ficheiro:EMB-countries.png
• https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraer
• https://embraer.com/media/tour/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJFnHOYq6h4
• https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/2025-releases/2025-01-30-01/
• https://www.precedenceresearch.com/military-aircraft-market
• https://www.edrotacultural.com.br/vendas-da-embraer-para-forcas-armadas-registram-alta/
• https://www.poder360.com.br/poder-economia/embraer-anuncia-venda-de-4-aeronaves-para-novo-cliente-africano/
• https://aeroin.net/colombia-deve-comprar-tres-jatos-kc-390-da-embraer-afirma-ministro/#google_vignette
• https://api.mziq.com/mzfilemanager/v2/d/12a56b3a-7b37-4dba-b80a-f3358bf66b71/64eb0439-65bb-2e7f-dd61-ac017ad03886?origin=1 *

@ 6c05c73e:c4356f17

Porque investir R$100

Um guia politicamente diferente de investimento

Você já certamente se pegou na seguinte situação. Paguei tudo o que devia. E, agora me sobrou cem reais para investir.

Principalmente, se você é novo e está no seu primeiro emprego. Isso é muito comum. Contudo, mesmo os mais experimentados passam por isso.

No entanto, vem aquela pergunta na cabeça. Será que eu realmente preciso investir esses cem reais? Afinal, é uma quantia pequena e qual seria o retorno disso?

Contudo, para responder sua dúvida. A resposta é sempre sim. Se, algum dia na sua vida. Você quiser acumular recursos e escapar desse círculo vicioso. Precisa acumular e investir.

Todavia, vamos analisar nesse artigo alguns outros aspectos que podem elevar x10 esse valor investido.

Quando investir R$100?

Agora, amanhã ou ano que vem?

Muitos pensam que todo dinheiro ganho precisa IMEDIATAMENTE ser investido. E, na verdade isso não precisa ser assim.

Portanto, todo o dinheiro ganho deve ser aplicado com diligência. Decidir quando investir o dinheiro é uma tarefa crucial. Mas, antes disso acontecer. Você precisa definir seus objetivos.

Sobretudo, aonde você vai colocar seu dinheiro. Vai determinar o ritmo como investe. E, isso é crucial em uma jornada de investimentos.

Aonde?

“Para manter uma fogueira, tem que botar mais lenha”

Espera um pouco. O que essa frase quer dizer? Vamos criar uma situação hipotética aqui e analisar três formas de investimento:

Investir em ações na bolsa de valores (renda variável) Investir em si mesmo (aumentar capacidade)

Primeira hipótese:

Você investiu R$100 o ano todo. Todos os meses. Isso gerou um bruto de R$1.200. Você estudo e se dedicou. Analisou ações, assistiu a vários vídeos e análises. E fez 15% de retorno no ano.

Nessa primeira hipótese, você acumulou R$1.200 + 15% de retorno (R$180). O que te rendeu R$1380 brutos. Com essa quantia a incidência de impostos não existe. Então, sem DARFS por aqui.

Compensou investir 2 horas por dia * 200 dias no ano =1.752.000 min. Para poder ganhar R$180?

Dahhhh, não. Você ficou mais experiente e aprendeu. Mas, a quantia é muito pequena e não faz cócegas. Tampouco te faz sorrir. E te tira dessa situação.

Segunda hipótese:

Eu não sei qual o seu ofício nesse momento. Mas, eu sei de duas coisas. Ou você gosta e quer se especializar. Ou você quer trocar de ofício logo logo. Então, meu consagrado(a). Você já sabe…

Agora, vamos pegar esses R$100 mensais e investir em um curso técnico. Pois, é mais rápido que uma faculdade. Será seu primeiro diploma oficial, te torna alguém e te dá um ofício.

Assim sendo, você tem grandes chances de trocar de trabalho. Ter aumento salarial é certamente no prazo de um ano. Você vai ganhar muitos mais que os R$180 brutos de rentabilidade do primeiro caso.

Agora, quer saber a real porque ninguém te fala isso no YouTube, Instagram e TikTok?

Meu consagrado, as pessoas só te recomendam o que é bom para elas. Não há nada de errado com isso. O que quero te fazer enxergar aqui. É que você está sozinho (ou tem que estar, para refletir) e precisa escolher o que é melhor para você.

Contudo, é importante para para pensar por um tempo e entender o que vai ser melhor para você. Qual melhor caminho seguir. E ponto, só você sabe o que é melhor para você.

Como?

Para fechar nosso raciocínio de hoje. Vamos a pergunta de um milhão de dólares. Mas, como eu faço isso? Meu querido(a), você vai fazer um exercício comigo logo menos.

Você vai deixar seu celular no silencioso. Colocar um timer de 15 minutos. Pegar um papel e caneta e anotar em uma folha o que você gosta + o que você você gostaria de fazer da sua vida.

Logo, essa lista tem que conter o SEU gosto. Não do seu amigo, do influenciador, da celebridade ou do atleta. Essas pessoas tem influência sobre sua vida? Claro! Mas, cabe a você refletir sobre o que realmente quer.

Naturalmente, você não vai colocar lá na sua lista; quero uma Ferrari esse ano. Porque não é assim que funciona. Na real, você pode querer a Ferrari. Sem problema algum.

Mas, saiba que antes da Ferrari. Vai ter que vir o Gol, o Civic, a 325, o 911 e daí a Ferrari. Tudo na vida é passo meu caro(a). Ou você acha que vai dar saltos quânticos na vida sem estar preparado? Não é assim que a vida funciona.

Em suma,

para concluir esse texto. Vamos fazer o resumão prático do que fazer com cem reais mensais:

*** Tire um tempo para entender o que quer e o que tu gosta. * Visualize e anote seus objetivos que quer em uma folha. * Invista em você incansavelmente. * Você vai chegar ao topo da montanha. Mas, tem que subir um nível por vez.**

Bio

Se chegou até aqui é porque gostou e quer mudar de vida. Manda pro teu colega que tá precisando desse tapa de luva. Obrigado pelo seu tempo.

@ 3c7dc2c5:805642a8

🧠Quote(s) of the week:

'Bitcoin is a high-IQ, low-time-preference asset in a world addicted to DoorDash, dopamine, and debt. Holding Bitcoin requires patience, conviction, and the ability to not panic when CNBC tells you it’s dead for the 47th time. That rules out, oh, I don’t know - 95% of the population? This isn’t some egalitarian revolution. This is a cognitive filter disguised as a monetary network. The rich, the strategic, the elite - those who understand volatility as an opportunity - will stack the hardest asset on Earth while the masses beg for interest rate cuts and $600 stimmies to buy groceries they can't afford.

It's not a level playing field. It's a time-preference war, and Bitcoin is the scoreboard. And every cycle, we watch it happen again. The media ridicules it, the politicians fear it, and the smart money buys more. While fiat punishes savers and rewards financial nihilism, Bitcoin inverts the whole structure. It’s a vault for those who can delay gratification, think generationally, and understand that true wealth is preserved rather than printed. The game isn’t rigged. It’s just calibrated for adults.' - Adam Livingston

'Bitcoin is an extremely simple thesis. If you think governments will stop debasing and debanking: number go down. If you think they won’t stop debasing and debanking: number go up'- Alex Gladstein

Something to ponder on.

🧡Bitcoin news🧡

On the 28th of April:

➡️Hunter Horsley: 'Bitcoin at $94k, yet — Google searches for "Bitcoin" near long-term lows. This hasn't been retail-driven. Institutions, advisors, corporations, and nations have come into the space. The types of investors buying Bitcoin are expanding.'

➡️Daniel Batten: 'Cambridge has just released their updated report on Bitcoin mining. For the first time, their report shows that most (52.4%) of the Bitcoin network is now powered by zero-emission energy sources (up from 37% in their last report).

Here's a summary of their findings:

https://x.com/DSBatten/status/1916903476610650202

You can read the full report here

➡️Arizona’s Bitcoin Reserve bill (SB 1025) just passed the House and now heads to the desk of Governor Katie Hobbs. However, Governor Hobbs has vowed to veto any legislation until a budget impasse over funding for disability services is resolved.

On the 29th of April:

➡️Bitcoin Archive: 'South Korea's ruling party to approve spot Bitcoin ETFs, scrap restrictive banking crypto rules, and introduce crypto-friendly framework THIS YEAR, if it wins the June election.'

➡️President Trump's Executive Director says there is a "space race" amongst countries to accumulate Bitcoin: "We view Bitcoin as digital gold."

➡️U.S. to "turbo-charge" Bitcoin mining growth by allowing Bitcoin miners to build power plants and data centres near natural gas fields - Howard Lutnick, Commerce Secretary

➡️Japanese clothing company ANAP Holdings Inc. bought 35 Bitcoins worth $3.3 million. ANAP now holds 51.7 BTC, joining Japan’s growing corporate Bitcoin treasury movement.

➡️Semler Scientific adds 165 BTC for $15.7M, bringing total holdings to 3,467 BTC. The company reports a 23.8% BTC yield year-to-date.

➡️The Bitcoin hashrate has already surged over 17% since the start of the year.

➡️'This shattered a major myth for me: gold production isn’t slowing down—it’s accelerating. According to NYDIG, annual gold mining has been steadily increasing over time, about 1.6% per year, thanks to better extraction technology. In fact, 2024 saw a 1% year-over-year increase, setting an all-time high in gold output (World Gold Council). So why do so many still believe the outdated narrative that gold is becoming harder to find? The truth is: gold is effectively unlimited in supply—we just get better at digging it up. If that surprises you, you're probably not nearly bullish enough on Bitcoin.' - Robert Hefner https://i.ibb.co/JWCHndQk/Gpu-W9-R1-Xw-AAiy-Cv.jpg

On the 30th of April:

➡️The Bank of Italy identifies Bitcoin as an emerging risk factor with concerns for the financial system.

"The strong growth of Bitcoin and other crypto-assets with high price volatility means risks not only for investors but also potentially for financial stability, given the growing interconnections between the digital asset ecosystem, the traditional financial sector, and the real economy,”

Tell me you are scared of Bitcoin without telling me you are scared of Bitcoin.

➡️4 major wirehouses managing $10 TRILLION to start offering Bitcoin ETFs to clients this year, says BitWise CIO Matt Hougan. Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Wells Fargo, and UBS are coming to the party.

➡️Roswell, New Mexico, becomes the 1st United States city to launch a strategic Bitcoin reserve.

➡️BlackRock’s Bitcoin ETF IBIT has hit 600,000 BTC!

➡️Semler Scientific bought 165 Bitcoins worth $15.7m. They now hold 3,467 BTC on their balance sheet.

➡️Bitcoin News: 'El Salvador is still buying Bitcoin despite an IMF loan deal that required it to stop. Economy Minister Maria Luisa Hayem confirmed ongoing accumulation, calling Bitcoin “an important project” and a key asset for both the government and private sector.'

➡️New whales are buying Bitcoin faster than ever before!

➡️'ZachXBT says the $330M Bitcoin theft involved an elderly U.S. victim targeted by social engineering. The stolen 3,520 BTC were laundered through six exchanges and swapped into Monero, triggering a 50% price spike due to thin liquidity.' -Bitcoin News

On the 1st of May:

➡️North Carolina Bitcoin Reserve Bill has passed the House! This bill enables state retirement funds to invest up to $ 13 B.

➡️Tether’s latest attestation states the company holds $7.6 billion in Bitcoin.

➡️Europe's largest Bitcoin treasury company, The Blockchain Group, aspires to hold 1% of the total Bitcoin supply by 2033.

➡️FiatHawk: 'Central banks create fake money to buy real gold, and we’re supposed to pretend this isn’t theft. The game is rigged. Their paper is trash. Gold knows it. Bitcoin ends it. Stop believing the lie.

https://i.ibb.co/mrBZtY5P/Gpl4kl-ak-AA-xv-D.png

When the debt bubble collapses, only sound money with zero counterparty risk matters. Currently, sound money is less than 5% of debt money, and Bitcoin is so tiny it is barely visible on the chart. Stay humble and keep stacking.' https://i.ibb.co/QF0Vf9k8/Gpu-CCIWa-YAAng1-U.png

On the 2nd of May:

➡️ Regarding the whole OP_Return debate.

Grok: ++Key Points: ++ * The OP_RETURN debate in Bitcoin centers on whether its blockchain should store data beyond financial transactions, with ongoing controversy. * It began in 2010 with concerns about blockchain bloat, intensified in 2014 with the "OP_Return Wars," and continues today. * Research suggests the debate reflects a balance between Bitcoin's monetary purpose and potential for broader applications like Dapps. * Compromises, like setting a 40-byte limit in 2014, aimed to address concerns but didn't fully resolve tensions, influencing platforms like Ethereum.

++Background++ OP_RETURN is a Bitcoin script opcode allowing small data storage in transactions, useful for timestamping or Dapps, but raising concerns about blockchain bloat.

++Historical Context++

The debate started in 2010 with the BitDNS proposal, where Satoshi Nakamoto worried about scalability, leading to Namecoin. It peaked in 2014 with Counterparty's use, leading to a 40-byte limit compromise, later adjusted to 83 bytes by 2016.

++Recent Developments++ By 2018-2019, high OP_RETURN usage (20% of transactions) sparked fee debates, but usage has since declined, though data remains, with recent 2023 controversies over size limits.

If you are interested in Bitcoin, then you should check out the following video.

Great video from @GrassFedBitcoin explaining the current OP_RETURN situation. The choice isn’t between bloating the UTXO set or increasing OP_RETURN, it’s whether we normalize spam or we reject it. Is Bitcoin for data storage or financial transactions? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15biQH1H140 Every Bitcoiner needs to see this! Vires in Numeris.

A great counterargument by Seth for Privacy:

https://x.com/sethforprivacy/status/1919003009880616976

Personally, I tend to agree with Seth.

To sum it up:

If you are running a node, you should switch from Core to Knots immediately. It's very straightforward, and you don't need to redo the initial block download.

If you arent running a node you are a leech and need to get your shit together.

➡️Tether CEO defends skipping MiCA, calling EU stablecoin rules “very dangerous.” Ardoino: “The European Central Bank is more interested in pushing the digital euro to control people and how they spend their money.”

On the 3rd of May:

➡️Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs has vetoed the state’s Strategic Bitcoin Reserve legislation after it was passed by the House and Senate. She states: “Arizonans’ retirement funds are not the place for the state to try untested investments like virtual currency.”

Apparently, the Arizona State Retirement System already holds 53,097 shares of MSTR. You can’t make this shit up.

➡️Vitalik Buterin: 'One of the best things about Bitcoin is how simple it is. This simplicity has lots of benefits. Let's bring those benefits to Ethereum.' Almost like Bitcoin is eh......(checks notes)......better tech. Just use Bitcoin, dumbfuck! 'It's only taken a decade, but Ethereum's creator is having an inkling that he never should have created Ethereum, which destroyed billions of precious capital and instead focused on Bitcoin.' - Vijay Boyapati

There is no second best!

On the 4th of May:

➡️Eli Nagar:

Heads up, Bitcoin holders: The EU will ban anonymous crypto accounts by July 2027. Every transaction above €1,000 will need your ID. Privacy is becoming extinct. Every new restriction is a marketing campaign for Bitcoin. “Hi, we’re the EU. We’ll surveil you, control your money, and criminalise privacy.” By doing that, they have decided to help promote the black market...great work, EU! Oh, and remember, the EU can't ban what it has no control over: hold your own private keys.

➡️Cumulative inflows into the Bitcoin ETFs have hit a fresh ATH of $ 40.62 B.

On the 5th of May:

➡️Brown University invested $4.9M in Bitcoin via BlackRock's IBIT, as disclosed in a recent SEC filing. The university owns 105K IBIT shares ($5.8M), 2.3% of Brown's reported $216M equity holdings.

➡️Strategy acquires 1,895 BTC for $180.3 million at an average price of $95,167 per bitcoin. As of May 4, 2025, they hold 555,450 BTC acquired for $38.08 billion at an average price of $68,550 per bitcoin.

💸Traditional Finance / Macro:

On the 3rd of May:

👉🏽Berkshire Hathaway cash pile hits record $347.7bn in 1Q as Warren Buffett sells stocks for 10th quarter in a row. Buffett is still raising cash. https://i.ibb.co/1GK6Dvzx/Gq-Bp6q-BW4-AAKKlm.jpg

🏦Banks:

👉🏽 No news

🌎Macro/Geopolitics:

On the 27th of April:

👉🏽World central banks are diversifying their reserves: Foreign holdings of Treasuries as % of US government debt have fallen to ~23%, the lowest in 22 years. The percentage is down ~11 percentage points over the last 9 years. At the same time, gold holdings as a % of global international reserves have hit ~18%, the highest in 26 years. The share has risen by ~8 percentage points since 2015. China has been one of the biggest buyers of gold over the last few years. Since the beginning of 2023, China’s gold reserves as a % of total foreign reserves have doubled to 7.1%.

Everyone wants gold. https://i.ibb.co/NgX11DZh/Gp4-GKc-HWMAAa-FYu.jpg

On the 28th of April:

👉🏽TKL: 'Tariffs are hitting American meat exports.

China's cancellations of US pork shipments are skyrocketing: China cancelled shipments of ~12,000 metric tons of US pork last week, the most since the 2020 pandemic, when global supply chains were halted. As a result, overall US pork export sales dropped to their lowest level since October, according to Bloomberg. This comes as American pork imports to China now face a massive 172% tariff. This includes the duties first imposed during the 2018 trade war.'

On the 29th of April:

👉🏽The U.S. Treasury will now need to borrow $514 billion this quarter, an increase of 320% from its previous estimate.

On the 30th of April:

👉🏽'Bad news for electricity consumers: despite 84 hours of negative pricing (2024: 62 hours), the average electricity price in the Netherlands in April was €75/MWh — nearly 30% higher than a year ago.' - Martien Visser

https://i.ibb.co/VsrFdKy/Gps0l-Au-Xs-AA20-OA.png

👉🏽Tax cuts for the rich lead to higher income inequality. However, they do not have any significant effect on economic growth or unemployment. Empirical evidence for advanced economies over 1965-2015:

https://academic.oup.com/ser/article/20/2/539/6500315?login=false

Trickle down never worked.

👉🏽"Since February 2020, home prices have increased 45%," according to Zillow So has the broad money supply. Not your house is getting more expensive; The money is getting devalued.

Money supply= +40%

Median home= +40%

Experts: "What could have ever caused this????"

And some freaking guru on Instagram or Tiktok is trying to convince you to get his/her 'buying/renting a house' course. https://i.ibb.co/bMXfW3vp/Gp0-CXg-Ka-YAAIhq-J.jpg

👉🏽SUMMARY OF US Q1 GDP REPORT: 1. The U.S. economy contracted at an annual rate of -0.3% in the first quarter, compared to expectations for an increase of 0.2%. That’s down from the growth of 2.4% in Q4. 2. Real consumer spending rose by 1.8% Y/Y, after increasing 4.0% in Q4. 3. The GDP Price Index rose 3.7%, above estimates of 3.1%. 4. Core PCE Prices rose 3.5%, after increasing 2.6% in Q4.

• Key Takeaway: Fears of stagflation are growing as the economy grinds to a halt and inflation ticks higher. - Jesse Cohen

👉🏽World debt has now officially crossed $300 TRILLION, and still continues to climb aggressively. This will not end well…

https://i.ibb.co/Kxm2bJs6/Gpyi-Ouwa-YAEDg-Pq.jpg

👉🏽'March PCE inflation, the Fed's preferred inflation measure, FALLS to 2.3%, above expectations of 2.2%. Core PCE inflation FALLS to 2.6%, in line with expectations of 2.6%. February Core PCE inflation was revised up to 3.0%. All eyes are on the Fed next week.' - TKL

🎁If you have made it this far, I would like to give you a little gift, well, in this case, two gifts:

Smitty's Bitcoin Retirement Guide:

"Helping you develop a better Bitcoin stacking target for life planning." - Sminston With This is a fantastic tool. Very, very useful. I will keep mentioning it. Bitcoin is a savings vehicle. Period!

https://x.com/sminston_with/status/1917605539279954391

The best kind of retirement starts in diapers and ends in diapers, so start now. https://i.ibb.co/4RwFxR0W/Gpys-GQga-YAIxm-MX.jpg

nofinancialadvice

Credit: I have used multiple sources!

My savings account: Bitcoin The tool I recommend for setting up a Bitcoin savings plan: PocketBitcoin especially suited for beginners or people who want to invest in Bitcoin with an automated investment plan once a week or monthly.

Use the code SE3997

Get your Bitcoin out of exchanges. Save them on a hardware wallet, run your own node...be your own bank. Not your keys, not your coins. It's that simple. ⠀ ⠀

⠀⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀⠀

Do you think this post is helpful to you?

If so, please share it and support my work with a zap.

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⭐ Many thanks⭐

Felipe - Bitcoin Friday!

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@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Squircle (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, tap the ⁞ icon and select Settings
   • Configure your Git credentials as needed
   • Add any remote servers under Cloud & Servers
3. Return to the editor view and enjoy your mobile IDE

ℹ️ To clone a Git repository, tap ☰, long-press a directory in the file tree, and choose Clone

ℹ️ You may want to use it alongside Termux, a terminal emulator and Linux environment

@ 8671a6e5:f88194d1

Even bitcoiners don’t value hard money enough (yet)

Bitcoiners love to talk about hard money and how bitcoin will change the world. They even claim to fix the world, by fixing “the money”.Yet many talk the talk, but don’t make the efforts, nor sacrifices.Walking the walk, is usually no further than the nearest bitcoin meetup, or the occasional trip to a tax-haven.Other than that. They’re chained to their fiat-past. Their kids, their house, their hobbies, their spouse and job.They serve the local bank branch (beg them to have a bit of their own money like everyone else), they watch TV, hold bitcoin and have this mindset where they truly think that bitcoin will grow, despite them doing jack all. They think they can reap the benefits in silence, while others do the heavy lifting, they smirk.They delude themselves however, thinking their sly passive stance is a risk-free act of brilliance.However, they’re scared, and have bitcoin in a fiat cage.Their existence is just a wallet waiting to be drained by force or pressure. By the same monstrous forces that keep our heads down.Whether discussing its digital scarcity or its fiat price, the focus invariably circles back to Bitcoin as a driver for a product or service.Do you want bitcoin, do you like bitcoin? Want to work with bitcoin? Here’s a service or wallet you can buy for a few hundred dollars, here’s my link. Want to participate in the network?Buy our pre-made and plug-and-play “solution”? Want to know more, or do you know wealthy people that want in” “Call me…”They’re selling.Don’t get me wrong,I also believe bitcoin is changing that world right now.And earning a living is good, be it with art, writing, selling a service or moving a box from A to B.But they don’t get it. Because it’s damned near impossible to escape the cage

Disproof Escapism

The bitcoin genie is out of the bottle. We DO have digitally scarce, hard money!

The core of the message most bitcoiners promote (including the author of this article) revolves around the prevalent “debt-and-war” fiat system and the harm it inflicts on society in general. Bitcoiners explain how it enslaves us, impoverishes us, and fosters a short-term perspective, empty consumerism, and a disregard for skills, all while leaving entire generations in debt and modern forms of servitude.

That reality alone will change many mechanisms within society. That should be the core of bitcoiners and their way of living. Not promoting a referral link to get a few sats or putting a sticker on a bathroom wall at a bar. We discuss open source theories and personality traits, not how to win the race. We don’t scheme, infiltrate or sabotage; we step onto the stage humbly, like nervous kids reciting poetry for a king. We only face our own audiences. Not the audience of followers of the monsters. We might as well do a leaflet campaign in the desert while we’re at it.We often hear terms like "sound money" and the assertion "there's no second best," with some even calling it "digital gold." This latter term is particularly misleading. Gold, despite its past significance, was subject to confiscation, serving the ambitions of nations and the wealthy. Bitcoin, in contrast, is not simply a digital iteration of gold; that label is a fiat construct that fails to capture its distinct nature.

However, the question remains: why is it that, when push comes to shove, we as Bitcoiners don’t truly live, think, and breathe this “thing” called Bitcoin as the hardest money in existence? Because we don’t. I’ve visited a fair share of meetups and conferences (though not many, as conferences are largely a sham anyway) to observe the ethos in practice. And it’s not always a pretty sight.

Assholes and grifters remain assholes and grifters, regardless of whether they hold BTC or not.

Thinking in fiat terms is still rampant (including for myself, by the way, to some extent). We were born into fiat, shaped by fiat, and have worked, traded, saved, and lost within its confines.

The fiat mindset, I dare say, is even more detrimental when Bitcoiners adopt it, as it amplifies the negative consequences even beyond those of the fiat world itself.

After all, at the very least, those within the fiat system are all equally screwed in their flawed monetary reality by a system that is a true circus Maximus of greed and debt. Consider those burdened by immense student loan debt, individuals with unrecognized talent, and others denied opportunities because less skilled people from higher financial echelons secure “proof of stake” jobs. Even if they lack the necessary abilities. There are fiat denizens sent to war, subjected to bombings, and relentlessly exploited for profit throughout their lives to sustain a parasitic, rent-seeking system… all under the false promise of security in their later years… when in reality, they are chewed up and spit out.When these fiat slaves wield a fiat mentality toward one another, it’s considered normal; no one can bat an eye if one fiat rent-seeker bleeds another dry, then tosses them aside for a new victim once the yield or short-term gain is realized. That’s simply how the fiat hamster wheel has been turning generations on end, while the proof-of-stake lords benefit across multiple generations.

The exploitation, the focus on short-term gains, the inherent stupidity of the system—it’s ingrained in the people themselves. Their greed and fiat/shitcoin mentality is "the norm." Some even dare to call it "capitalism" or democracy.

They can’t be offended by anyone screwing them over or getting ahead to gain a few fiat tokens, be it dollars or the Euro Mickey Mouse coin. They just carry on, shrug their shoulders, and crawl over each other like the basket full of crabs they inhabit day to day. Being among the few crabs that can touch the rim of the basket before being pulled down again by the other crabs, is what’s called success.

However, witnessing such behaviors and ways of living among individuals who identify as Bitcoiners evokes not only profound ethical sadness but also reveals consequences far more damaging to Bitcoin than if those same individuals had remained solely within the fiat system. Therefore, a fiat mentality within the Bitcoin space is even more repugnant than the mindset of some shitcoiners. At least with shitcoiners, you understand they are peddling a token, coin, or some fabricated service to offload onto unsuspecting individuals to make ends meet (and fund their cheap hotel rooms in exotic looking places while projecting an image of success (and the Modern Ottoman beard look) on Instagram). Consider a scenario: if someone at a vegetable market (assuming such places still exist in the fiat world) suggests to another vendor a way to conduct more business off the books, it’s met with indifference. That’s considered normal.But when a Bitcoiner at a meetup — an event where for three years you've been trying to dissociate Bitcoin from the tired narrative of it being solely "for fraudsters and criminals" — and you overhear "Bitcoiners" discussing methods for laundering illicit funds, then it becomes a significant problem. As if they can’t make ends meet without doing “the fiat thing”. Such individuals, as a Bitcoiner, disgust me. They clearly "don't get it." They fail to grasp the fundamental values of Bitcoin. They resemble the stereotypical used car salesmen who prioritize nothing beyond their immediate needs, like avoiding having to have a cheap dinner of dog food and tomato sauce that evening if they bag another customer by whatever lies they’ll have to tell. I would go so far as to assert that Bitcoiners with a fiat mentality are more detrimental to Bitcoin's growth than both those enslaved by the fiat system and shitcoiners themselves. A fiat drone will simply save, invest, and adhere to the established rules of banks and central banks.

They don’t question these norms; it’s their accepted reality. They’re labeled “normies” for a reason—they find satisfaction in conforming, believing the deception and theft, even perceiving it as beneficial because that’s what they’ve been told on television. They place their trust in numbers and statistics while diligently paying off their mortgages and investing in whatever financial products the TV shows spoon-feed them. Shitcoiners (closely related to fiat slaves) will merely promote their scams and worthless projects to generate short-term gains (in fiat, naturally) to sustain their shallow lifestyles of loneliness, prostitutes, and grocery bills paid with bank cards from the Seychelles.

But Bitcoiners with a fiat mentality? They actively undermine Bitcoin. They are toxic, and the sooner they revert to pure fiat, the better for the Bitcoin ecosystem. They offer no positive contribution whatsoever to Bitcoin’s progress.

More bitcoiners need to grow a spine

I've started to label these individuals as “cosplay bitcoiners.” They are typically nothing more than bitcoin holders (definitely not HODLers). These are people who act as though Bitcoin is merely another speculative asset (alongside a plethora of garbage coins and scams) instead of the monetary revolution it truly embodies. Most bitcoiners engage in this cosplay, reciting the talking points without actually changing their lives. Or… they view it simply as a means to generate income by uttering the right phrases and selling various items and merchandise. If Bitcoin were to cease to exist (a highly improbable scenario), they would likely be selling counterfeit Pokémon merchandise, fake Rolexes, or working as box movers in retail (sporting a perm). This might upset some who have dedicated significant portions of their lives to the Bitcoin ecosystem. However, what should be far more infuriating is the realization that your dreams, hope, and hard work are ultimately benefiting these cosplayers.

These individuals also say things like “You could consider moving to Solana for a while…” or “I have a referral link for insert flavor-of-the-week scam.” This genuine effort to cultivate a Bitcoin ethos is often undermined by people lacking activism, backbone, or conviction. Typically, these are the same individuals who inquire about price action during minor dips in Bitcoin's fiat value. They exhibit “scared money” behavior, just like in the fiat world. Consider that: they are scared (of) money. That’s right,… people that lived, and were raised in fiat are in fact scared… of money. This ingrained perspective, though varying in its impact, can act as a distraction or even a negative influence on Bitcoin's overall growth. I know the genuine contributors are out there. Rest assured, I am acutely aware of what it means to dedicate your time and energy to the betterment of Bitcoin; I've done it before and continue to do so years later. I respect that immensely. But the moment you recognize your efforts are primarily benefiting these parasites, you should immediately cease and let them wither.

They are not there for Bitcoin at all. I believe a fundamental aspect of being a Bitcoiner is calling out such behavior — to embody a form of activism, a vetting process aimed at fostering greater freedom. This might seem paradoxical, but it’s not; it’s akin to broadcasting a double-spent transaction onto mempool and having it rejected by the nodes. In my opinion, Bitcoin's primary essence is freedom. This freedom is underpinned by consensus and proof of work. However, this doesn't imply that we should be a universally accommodating resource for individuals who merely hold Bitcoin and seek to profit off our efforts while contributing nothing of substance to the space beyond their own marketing nonsense. They say the lines, but don’t save lives.

But why not?

If Bitcoin is truly the hardest money, the scarcest asset humanity has ever encountered, then why would we willingly trade it for a demonstrably inferior, inflationary, and state-controlled currency? This holds true even if that fiat is disguised as a modern "coin" or a cheap imitation of Bitcoin.

The uncomfortable truth is that many Bitcoiners, whether consciously or subconsciously, remain tethered to the legacy financial system. We espouse the principle of "don't trust, verify," yet we often evaluate Bitcoin through the distorted lens of its fiat exchange rate. Furthermore, many local meetups are infiltrated by individuals whose motives, schemes, and outright nonsense we fail to scrutinize or verify.

We neglect even the most fundamental forms of verification (such as accepting a function purported to be around 40 KB in data size when it's bundled within a > 50 MB software program). We profess belief in absolute scarcity, yet we shy away from adopting Bitcoin as our genuine unit of account, nor do we accurately measure our purchasing power (as devising a truly precise method might necessitate an invention worthy of a Nobel Prize in Economics).

Armed with the hardest money, ample liquidity, and considerable intellect, we still find ourselves waiting for Presidents, Philosophers, and various Personalities to artificially inflate Bitcoin's price, behaving like apprehensive investors in a newly listed startup.

“But with bitcoin”

These Philosophers, Personalities, and Presidents (PPPs) often represent a mere "follow-the-leader" phenomenon among many who identify as Bitcoiners. Philosophers delve into the intricacies of Bitcoin: its support for local social structures, its international applications, the underlying mathematics, the time-based mechanisms… It's all incredibly fascinating and has been explained countless times in various tones and for diverse audiences. Yet, much like in Bitcoin software development, there's often a lack of curation or editing; people simply produce without rigorous testing or questioning the necessity or widespread adoption of their contributions. Some even mistakenly believe these philosophers will somehow influence the "price." However, their role is primarily to explain, analyze, and provide understanding. That, of course, is valuable as it stimulates thought (even this very writing serves that purpose). However, Bitcoiners deeply entrenched in the philosophical aspects can often be blind to their own contradictory circumstances.

It can be jarring, even alienating, to listen to a podcast dissecting the profound intricacies of time and Bitcoin's blockchain while simultaneously enduring the mundane reality of your fiat job, with a coworker loudly handling customer calls nearby. The core issue is that this mentality increasingly mirrors the practices of the fiat (and shitcoin) world: passively holding onto "your bag" or "your stake" and promoting that position while vaguely advising others that "education is important" or "spreading the word is good." Ultimately, many of those dispensing this advice do little more than appear on their YouTube channels, take the stage at their own conferences, or write (or commission) their paid newsletters. Some diligently court wealthy individuals to explain Bitcoin, aiming to earn a few dollars, but they might as well be selling Tupperware if it paid the bills. Genuine care is often absent; it's their Bitcoin-flavored version of a fiat job. They are simply holding onto sats, much like one would hold onto ETFs or stocks in the traditional financial world. Michael Saylor, at a conference in Madeira, once stated: “You are here because Bitcoin needs you… and when you leave, I sincerely hope you will go out there and do good for Bitcoin.”

That's a commendable call to action. However, it also inadvertently highlights a form of servitude, a call that, regrettably, many have not heeded. Right now, Bitcoin's treated more like digital real estate than actual cash – something to hodl and hope it moons, while others do the promoting. Activism, at least here in Belgium, is a ghost town.

Elsewhere, it's often just small-time stuff, easily corrupted by book-writers, shitcoin promoters, ego-trippers, or even creeps hitting on vulnerable women in new-age scenes. This passive vibe has helped a bit, sure, but it shows we're still scared to call Bitcoin real money. It's the hardest money ever, yet we act like fiat's the boss, when Bitcoin's the true store of value. The circular economy crawls along. Instead of waiting for "hyperbitcoinization," we need to act like it's already here: support Bitcoin-only businesses, demand salaries in sats, and actually think in sats, not fiat. But become organized, more to the point: set up systems so you can build and rely on one another.To make Bitcoin truly hard money, we gotta stop pricing it and thinking in fiat, actually use it to pay and get paid, teach people it's a monetary system not just an investment, and directly challenge fiat by building Bitcoin-native economies, not just begging institutions to buy in. The more we act like Bitcoin is money, the faster the world will have to agree.

Bitcoin’s success is not inevitable.

Because it is maintained by people, and people are inherently flawed. However, it is also governed by mathematics, a perfect framework that categorizes chaos into order and back into incomprehensible chaos. There, within the crucible of math, language, cryptography, and time, lies Bitcoin: our creation, our potential salvation, and perhaps our sole remaining hope.

It demands action from Bitcoiners. If we genuinely believe in Bitcoin as the hardest money, we must begin to utilize it as such, rather than posturing on stages like immature, attention-seeking individuals vying for personal recognition and petty power struggles.

The future is not forged by those idly waiting for a magical price point; it is built by those who actively transact, develop, work, and live on Bitcoin today. Hard money transcends mere scarcity; it embodies utility, intrinsic value, and the tangible construction of liberty. Bitcoin's purpose is not simply to replace the existing decay of fiat with a superficial rebranding of the same fundamental rot. Bitcoin is not intended to supplant the old fiat corruption with an identical corruption merely bearing a Bitcoin label or logo.

The divergence is stark: one grey-colored path leads us to a state of ambiguity and ineffectiveness, the other to a vibrant, focused purpose. This ambiguity manifests as excessive accommodation, an unwarranted stubbornness where adaptability is needed. We tend towards being overly compliant and even subservient, exhibiting exaggerated politeness and empathy, even as our advancements inevitably dismantle the obsolete systems. That path has a Dixie orange color.

This is because many Bitcoiners now crave external validation, leading to inconsistent and muddled messaging, belonging authentically to neither the stagnant grey nor the purposeful orange.

We, and our true Bitcoiners—our intellectual offspring—represent an inherently incompatible lineage, incapable of either peaceful coexistence ("protest") or productive integration ("procreate") with these outdated methodologies and their swarm of futile endeavors. The cosplay bitcoiners and their lukewarm followers and creations aspire to be part of a fintech reality that is not their own, and a fiat world that has relegated them to the roles of insignificant footnotes and background commentators.

Despite our core differences, we persist in engaging with the stake-people, the frail-minded powerhouses that let us participate in their arenas, gathering under the harsh glare of moral decay and corruption. We mine Bitcoin from the future, but it’s tethered to the present. They hamper our progress with outdated tools and (re)distribution systems rooted in the 18th century.We can invent so much better systems, bulldoze the old and rebuild our cities and reclaim our value.

It’s time…

The moment has arrived to begin valuing Bitcoin for what it has always been destined to be and will forever remain: hard money. Let us consign the parasites to their rightful place – the gutter of fiat. Reader, dear reader, you who have invested the time and effort to cease scrolling through the endless torrent of filth, garbage, and attention-seeking displays on your phone, do you grasp the unique historical opportunity presented to your vulnerable digital soul to reclaim your life, to transcend mere survival and truly flourish? Do you comprehend this? Do you even realize that digitally scarce, digitally verifiable hard money awaits your mining, purchase, holding, and personal safekeeping? Or do you still cling to the illusions projected onto the wall of Plato's cave, telling you every lie under the sun for their short gains and diatribes? Do you live in the corridor of greyness? Probably.

Observing the vapid semantic debates onstage, the performative security measures, and the blatant power struggles, I am reminded of the early Christian disciples and the challenges they must have faced in spreading the word of their Lord, relying solely on their individual conviction while constantly encountering those driven purely by the pursuit of power. Bitcoiners are no different, despite never having known their own guiding figures. The distinction lies in our approach: we do not expel the transgressors and the disreputable from the market; nor do we seek to cure the afflicted or nourish the starving. We are not torn apart by lions, for we operate in the shadows, our influence primarily through written works, lacking the support that stems from personal charisma. Fiat bleeds people dry, fueling the vile machinery of passive rent-seeking yield and perpetual servitude.

In Bitcoin, we possess the potential to be their undoing, but only if we can match their ruthlessness, their multi-generational cunning, and their inherent malice. That’s not in our nature, so we’ll need to change and adapt. To truly prevail, we must outmaneuver their evil, win their long-term game. To win, we must out-evil evil. Win their multi-generational ongoing long-term game.That’s not easy, because you’re being poisoned day in day out.

So… here goes.

You must choose your path: gray or orange.

Decide how you’ll navigate the clutter: hardware wallets you don’t need, unscalable orange-pilling that’s more about ego than Bitcoin, books that hardly anyone reads, redundant artwork you’ll never buy, searching for a place in the unreachable oasis of bitcoin jobs, the mirage of funding,the naïveté of Value4Value, the Saylor-worshipping instinct, stickers slapped on poles, rushed and untested software, apps that repel users, conference circuses filled with grifters, posers and some half-gods, The pump-my-bags philosophers. The fork in the road lies ahead

Will you keep micro-dosing the corruption of the fiat world, day by day? Or will you don your armor and sacrifice for future generations?

Let centuries of hate and destruction be channeled like unbreakable equations, their tax collecting vultures, their redistribution to the weak.We can be in harnesses, economically cause their bellies gorged on our produce, sliced virtually apart, ending their predatory exploitation and theater politics. Let that hate flow block by block, so our wait for a revolution, promised peace, and security, finally ends. We don’t need to wait, We have all we need - right - friggin - now! All we need is here to start as the first generation of the ones that turn the table. We can strike from here onwards.

You can’t do that just by standing there, we need to rally behind something. So … we need to…

Slay the Monsters ( A Bitcoin manifesto )

The race against fiat’s totalitarian grip isn’t coming — it’s already here.

And we’re late.

We’re not facing some bureaucratic mess or sleepy institution. We’re facing monsters. Real monsters. The kind that don’t blink, don’t break, and don’t stop.

These creatures don’t rule from parliaments. They rule from shadows. From bloodlines. From vaults built on centuries of power—and centuries of control.

And while we argue over memes, While we nitpick sound quality on a free podcast, While we debate how orange our sunglasses should be— They’re already building the next cage.

You want to know the core of the battle?

It’s this: They built a system designed to enslave you. And it works. Because it’s not just code or money—it’s a mindset. And they’ve trained you for generations to stay small. Stay busy. Stay broke.

They don’t care about trending topics, the fashion they make you wear, the rent seeking and mind numbing media garbage. They don’t care about today’s startup scene. They don’t need to. They freeze technology until their factories are ready. They script the narrative until their puppet politicians can sell it. They control enough markets to play with your life like a cat with a mouse.

And no, they’re not thinking in 5-year business plans. They’re thinking in bloodlines. They’re thinking in centuries.

They are bloodsuckers.

They take the rights of the gifted, Take the skills of the builders and make them into jesters They crush the dreams of the brave, weaken strong sons, and turn bright daughters into obedient servants.They make you lose time;Steal your effortSlap a price on anyone.

But here’s the good news:

We are Bitcoiners. We don’t need their permission. We don’t need to play their game. We hold a sword they can’t lift — an indestructible blockchain. And we have “forever coins”. We have the heaviest hammer

We can build faster. Stack hard money. Deliver proof of work and become the worst multi-generational pests they’ve ever seen. And take everything from them in about four generations:

One generation to build and adapt. One or two to take over, and One glorious one to finish the job and chop their virtual heads off to end the corruptionTheir heads on a stake, is the only proof-of-stake’ism that will be universally liked.

Because in their world, people are the fuel — drained for passive yield. But in our world?

We, the Bitcoin people who underwrite its value, represent the negative yield on fiat. We ARE your negative yield in human form \ We are their weakness — if we become as relentless and evil as they are.We can be methodical and calculated, generations of poison for their systemWe infiltrate, poison, outpace them.Like they did centuries ago with the commons, the tribes and kings. As focused. As strategic. As ruthless.

Then—only then—can we clean ourselves.

Only then, with the deed done, can we rebuild humanity. Burn the bloodlines that buried us.The old bloodlines—those leeches—will be caged, stripped, and left to wither in poverty, and as history proves… they never survive poverty\ While we’ve been bathing in it by choice.

From their ashes, we’ll purge our own darkness and thrive through innovation, not tyranny We will work, We will thrive through innovation, not colonization. Through consensus, not decree. Through quality not administrative control. And talent and skills will rise on merit, not aristocratic last names. We verify without grandeur.

In that world, our temples will exalt beauty — not control.In that world, Their goons and servants will be our jesters, dancing like harlots, their princesses will be sobbing on dirt, they’ll all eat their own industrial drab

The power is already ours; we don’t need to pray, we don’t need hope nor luck. We need raw, unrelenting will.

We need power.

And evil, focused, unshakable determination.

You can’t slay monsters with flyers. You don’t take down empires with stickers. You don’t bring bloodlines to their knees with polite debates on their stages.You slay monsters with the sharpest sword in history — Bitcoin.

They’re gutted with the sharpest blade—our blockchain—plunged into their stone cold hearts, until their black blood flows over the marble floors of their castles and their next of kin. Then, we feast and build anew on the ruins of their depravity.

Their next of kin witnessing our determination while their funding falls dry in promises of continuity they hide or perish.

Then we slay the rest.We drink their blood, their wine, their milkshake. We burn their paper promises and their repeating cycles of social unrest and greed.

We build something new. Something real. On the ruins of everything they corrupted.Bitcoiners need to be more than politeBe more evil, to do more good.Show monsters no mercy nor empathy. Don’t give them hard money, but wreck their legacy, faceless organizations and companies.

We are the debt collectors of last resort. We are the negative yield that spins and twists.We are the final rotation of the hamster wheel of pointless energy.We save ourselves with math..

Bitcoiners,Do thy proof of work, or become a whore for their next generation of silver spoon fed monster kids...\ You’ll have to be polite doing the deeds if you doOr take the smile off their face.Sacrifice.WorkDefy

Slay monsters like a knight building a legacy, freeing the world.

Or serve the monsters like the bitch you are.

Our consensus and your choice.

By AVB

If you like my writings: tip me here

@ 6830c409:ff17c655

Disclaimer: I used Grammarly AI to correct my poor English to look polished. **

Preface: The motivation behind this note stems from a personal curiosity sparked by a few interactions with someone I know. After watching a YouTube video by Salvaveritate on Narcissistic Personality Disorder, I realized that what I was observing wasn’t purely NPD-it seemed to be intertwined with something else. I wanted to better understand this person’s thought process and what might be driving their behavior. At the end of this note, I’ve included the references I consulted to explore this phenomenon further.

We’ve all encountered that person who walks into a room like they own it-dismissing every idea but their own and expecting the world to revolve around them. There’s confidence, and then there’s a level of self-importance so exaggerated it becomes something darker. That, in a nutshell, is megalomania.

Though it’s no longer a formal psychological diagnosis (now categorized under narcissistic personality disorder), the term “megalomania” still resonates when we describe someone with delusional beliefs about their power, brilliance, or importance. It’s not just arrogance-it’s a complete departure from reality, where self-worth is inflated to cartoonish proportions.

The Many Faces of Megalomania

Megalomaniacs aren’t always easy to spot at first. They can be charismatic, persuasive, and even inspiring-until you begin to notice the patterns. Here are some of the archetypes you might recognize:

• The Political Power Player: From infamous historical figures to the neighborhood HOA president who rules like a tyrant, these individuals believe only they can save the day.

• The Corporate Climber: Ambition isn’t the issue here-it’s the willingness to trample anyone in their path. These folks take credit for others' work and treat colleagues like pawns.

• The Self-Proclaimed Guru: Think of that person who reads one book and suddenly thinks they’ve unlocked the secrets of the universe. They believe they alone hold the truth and must share it with the “less enlightened.”

• The Everyday Ego: Perhaps the most common. They're the friend who always turns the conversation back to themselves or the family member who demands special treatment at every gathering.

Warning Signs to Watch For

If you suspect someone in your orbit might be leaning into megalomaniac territory, here are some red flags:

• They crave admiration but rarely offer it in return.
• Criticism-even the gentle kind - triggers rage or defensiveness.
• They exaggerate achievements or name-drop to elevate their image.
• Rules are for everyone else - they believe they’re exempt.
• People are merely tools to further their personal agenda.

Often, the charm and confidence they exude can blind you to these signs until you're in too deep. Many learn this lesson through tough workplace dynamics, toxic relationships, or manipulative friendships.

How to Protect Yourself

If you're dealing with a megalomaniac, remember: you’re not powerless. Strategies that actually help include:

• Don't feed the ego - Respectful neutrality works better than flattery.
• Set firm boundaries - Be clear about what is and isn’t acceptable.
• Keep records - Especially in professional settings, documentation is crucial.
• Know when to walk away - Some relationships or environments can’t be fixed.
• Seek support - Therapy can equip you with the tools to cope and recover.

Trying to “change” a megalomaniac rarely works-focus instead on preserving your own mental health and emotional well-being.

A Look Through History-and the Mirror

From Hitler and Stalin’s destructive delusions of grandeur to modern business figures like Elizabeth Holmes, history is packed with cautionary tales of unchecked ego. Even pop culture gives us glimpses: Tony Montana in Scarface, Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada. These characters aren’t just dramatic-they’re psychological case studies in what happens when ego eclipses empathy.

But let’s be honest-none of us are immune to moments of inflated self-worth. The difference lies in self-awareness. True confidence coexists with humility. It laughs at karaoke fails and learns from criticism. Megalomania, by contrast, builds walls around insecurity and calls it a fortress.

Have you ever dealt with someone whose ego became their identity? Or maybe caught yourself slipping into that territory? Let’s unpack it together-your insights could help someone else recognize the signs early.

Here is what I read: 1. https://ebeni.wordpress.com/unethical-leaders/megalomania-and-narcissism-grandiose-vulnerable-clarke/ 2. https://keghart.org/demirdjian-megalomaniac-dictator/ 3. https://fastercapital.com/content/Megalomania--The-Ultimate-Form-of-Hubris.html 4. https://taylorandfrancis.com/knowledge/Medicine_and_healthcare/Psychiatry/Megalomania/ 5. https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/psychology/psychology-and-psychiatry/grandiosity 6. Salva Veritate's video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtUFB3tf1lA&pp=ygUOc2FsdmEgdmVyaXRhdGU%3D

@ c066aac5:6a41a034

This is an article I wrote which originally appeared in the Pamphleteer, a publication run by a friend in Nashville. It has been edited from the published version, which I will link here for everyone to go check out the website and subscribe.

Step back fifty years in time with me if you will. A simpler time. You wake up in the house you could afford on a single income. Instead of blinding yourself with the light of your cell phone first thing in the morning, you wake up to make breakfast and coffee, your mind unencumbered by the stimulus of a thousand notifications. You can’t doom scroll (nor can you conceptualize what that even means).

You breathe in the moment, smelling your coffee with a deliberate, meditative inhale… As this brief moment of Nirvana passes, you decide to pick up the newspaper. You turn to page nine and see that Andy Kaufman, a comedian/performance artist you’ve seen on Taxi and Saturday Night Live, has declared himself “The Inter-Gender Wrestling Champion of the World.”

You are tempted to think this may be a joke, but suddenly you remember that you stepped back in time from the 21st century. You’re a modern person with evolved values. You ask yourself: is this an elaborate bit from Andy Kaufman, or was he simply ahead of his time? After all, you’re from the modern world where Imane Khelif is celebrated for his stunning and brave foray into women’s boxing (and where strangely, most news sources seem to deny that he’s a man).

All of a sudden, you abandon the bigotry of the past and invite Kaufman to come back with you to our present-day society. As you return to social media, endless notifications, a world full of stimulus, you ponder if Andy’s wrestling foray will be accepted for the beautiful thing that it is, rather than taken, without scrutiny, as a joke.

Exiting my narrative device now to speak to you directly: in the not-too-distant past, Andy Kaufman stepped into the ring and goaded women to wrestle with him. Back then, it was a bit. If such an act were to be replicated today, it would likely be celebrated and defended.

Inter-Gender sports pioneering aside, Kaufman's antics made Tennessee history; wrestling legend Jerry Lawler of Memphis went into the ring with Kaufman to relieve a female contestant and treated him to a Tennessee takedown.

Jerry invited the comedian to bring his act to Memphis. Leading up to the match, Kaufman relentlessly mocked his Southern audience, with jokes flexing his intelligence as "someone from Hollywood" and teaching Tennesseans how to use soap. After challenging a few women to wrestle, he was met with a famous Jerry Lawler Pilediver. This led to a staged feud between the two of them. The pair even reached the Letterman Show, with Kaufman in a neck brace.

As far as I know, Kaufman never identified as a woman. I don’t think he (or others from this period) could have fathomed the trans-sports drama occurring now. That said, there is something to be learned from his elaborate inter-gender wrestling bit: we’re watching the absurd unfold on the public stage. We should refuse to be gaslit and adopt Andy’s terminology and call this what it is: inter-gender sports. Whenever a biological man competes against a woman in any sporting event, we should all insist on letting everyone know that it is officially an inter-gender competition.

Maybe this modern dilemma could be solved if everyone surrounding these events treated the whole thing for what it was: an elaborate joke. Imagine if we treated it like WWE. The whole audience already knows it’s rigged anyway. Such rules of engagement would leave true biological women’s sports alone; it would keep their pride intact and be an assurance of physical protection.

That's the end of my original article. Just for fun, I wanted to add a response comment from my sister-in-law. She read the article and shared her thoughts with me, so I figured why not include them here.

I honestly believe mixed sports should be something that is encouraged more in our society—not because we should ignore biological differences and risks, especially in high-impact sports, but because normalizing this collaboration despite our different skill sets can strengthen women’s inclusivity not only as athletes, but in society as a whole. When I played mixed doubles in tennis and joined coed volleyball teams, I was pushed to improve and often held my own, even when the guys hit harder. And there are many sports like shooting, equestrian, archery, ect... that have nothing to do with “physical strength”. Training alongside men, whether in tennis, boxing, or volleyball, never has diminished my ability—it sharpened it, and that kind of mutual growth reflects a deeper value of inclusivity and respect that extends far beyond the sport. Thats my take! :)

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

asfadfadsf draft

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petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Grayjay (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and navigate to the Sources tab
3. Enable the desired sources (and log in if needed by tapping on the source and scrolling down to Authentication)
4. Go to Android Settings > Apps, select Grayjay, and tap Open By Default and Add Link to automatically open supported links with Grayjay
5. Enjoy

ℹ️ If you are using Obtainium to install apps, search for Grayjay on Complex Apps

@ 30611079:ecac89f8

Um Shell Script simples para facilitar backups bip39 baseados nos números das palavras, coloque o script na mesma pasta que o arquivo contendo as palavras, passe o idioma no 1º argumento (Ex. english) e as palavras em sequência, a saída serão os números correspondentes as palavras passadas no idioma selecionado

```

!/bin/bash

Enter in correct diretory

if [ ${0%/} == $0 ]; then cd ${PWD} elif [ -e ${PWD}/${0%/} ]; then cd ${PWD}/${0%/} else cd ${0%/} fi

file="$1.txt"

index=0 numbers=() for word in "$@"; do while IFS= read -r linha; do if [[ "$linha" == "$word" ]]; then numbers+=($index) break fi ((index++)) done < "$file" index=0 done echo "${numbers[@]}" ```

Fiz para aprender um pouco de Shell Script, podem dizer se está bom e se dá para melhorar algo?

Também fiz outro que faz o processo reverso

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

\ Autor: Kerstin Chavent. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

---

Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

---

Wir halten uns für erwacht, weil wir das Coronanarrativ durchschaut haben, regierungskritisch unterwegs sind und Russland nicht für den ärgsten Feind der Demokratie halten? Wir informieren uns in alternativen und unabhängigen Medien, folgen geistigen Führern und sehen Spiritualität als einen Teil unseres Daseins auf der Erde? Vielleicht sind wir mit Meditationstechniken vertraut, machen Yoga oder nehmen bewusstseinserweiternde Substanzen zu uns? Wir denken, andere würden noch schlafen, weil sie das nicht tun? Dann haben wir noch einen weiten Weg vor uns.

Aufwachen — wir tun es jeden Morgen und oft auch während der Nacht. Der Kopf ist schwer, vielleicht ein wenig verwirrt, wie in einem Nebel. Die Schleier der Träume hängen noch an uns. Wir sind noch nicht ganz da und brauchen eine Dusche, einen Kaffee oder frische Luft, um langsam durchzukommen und den Tag zu beginnen. In den seltensten Fällen ist es so, dass wir die Augen aufschlagen und hellwach sind, vollkommen präsent und klar. So passt die Metapher auf das, was heute auf den Bewusstseinszustand der Menschen angewendet wird.

Was bedeutet es, wach zu sein? Ein waches Bewusstsein zu haben? Was ist Bewusstsein? Eine der großen Referenzen für Psychologie und Pädagogik hat einen eher beschränkten und materialistisch orientierten Bewusstseinsbegriff. Demnach reiche Bewusstsein nicht über das normale Denken hinaus. Bewusstsein habe ein Mensch immer dann, wenn er in der Lage ist, zu bedenken, ob das, was er tut, vernünftig ist. Das Bewusstsein sei an das Gehirn gebunden. Ein Bewusstsein ohne Aktivität von Nervenzellen im menschlichen Gehirn gebe es nicht. Das sei wissenschaftlicher Konsens. Über noch etwas ist man sich einig:

Nach Jahrhunderten der Bemühung von Neurowissenschaftlern, Psychologen und Philosophen bleibt zu der Frage, wie das Gehirn uns denn Bewusstsein verleiht, wie es Empfindungen, Gefühle und Subjektivität entstehen lässt, nur eine Gewissheit: Wir haben keine Ahnung (1).

Mehr Ahnung haben wir, wenn es darum geht, das menschliche Bewusstsein zu manipulieren. Voraussetzung ist, die zu manipulierende Person in Unkenntnis zu lassen. Es wird ein Gefühl von Machtlosigkeit in ihr erzeugt und ein System von Belohnung und Strafe aufgebaut, um eine autoritäre Machtstruktur, die kein Feedback und keine Änderung ohne Zustimmung oder Anordnung der Führung zulässt, zu installieren. Hierfür ist keine Gewaltanwendung erforderlich. Für eine mentale Umprogrammierung reicht es, jede Form von Kritik zu unterdrücken und Kritiker zu diffamieren, indem man ihnen persönliche Rachemotive oder menschliche Schwäche andichtet (2).

Manipulation mit Angst

Angst ist eines der wirksamsten Mittel, um das Bewusstsein der Menschen zu manipulieren. Wer Angst hat, lässt sich leicht täuschen. Das Bewusstsein verengt sich regelrecht. Damit ergibt sich ein nahezu unerschöpflicher Fundus von Methoden zur Bewusstseinskontrolle. Welche, das erleben wir täglich: die Erschaffung einer Unterhaltungsindustrie und die Verbreitung von Filmen, in denen es vor allem um Mord, Verrat, Krankheit und Betrug geht; Medien, die maximale Verwirrung schaffen; giftige Substanzen in Nahrungsmitteln und Wasser; ein knechtendes Finanzsystem; Medikamente, von denen wir möglichst früh und möglichst lange abhängig sind.

Wer das Bewusstsein der Menschen und damit die Welt in den Griff bekommen will, fängt früh an. Er erfindet zum Beispiel Religionen, die sich nach Möglichkeit gegenseitig bekämpfen.

Er erzählt Geschichten, in denen die eine Hälfte der Menschheit der anderen per se unterlegen sein soll, erfindet Götter, die die einen privilegieren und die anderen bestrafen, und ein Paradies, das irgendwoanders ist als dort, wo wir gerade sind.

Alles ist darauf ausgerichtet, dass der Mensch sich klein, unwürdig, schuldig und vor allem ohnmächtig fühlt. Auf keinen Fall darf er sich seiner angeborenen Möglichkeiten bewusstwerden! Hierfür werden Kinder so früh wie möglich von den Eltern getrennt, bekommen in staatlichen Schulen ihre Kreativität und Eigenmacht aberzogen, werden von technischen Geräten abhängig gemacht und durch Geschlechterverwirrung davon abgehalten, ihre Identität zu entwickeln. So werden sie darauf vorbereitet, zu guten Soldaten des Systems zu werden und in jeden Krieg zu ziehen, der ihnen als notwendig verkauft wird.

Project Blue Beam

Immer mehr Menschen wissen das. Immer mehr erkennen, was auf der Bühne des Welttheaters gespielt wird. Doch sind wir deshalb erwacht? Reicht es, alternative Medien zu konsumieren, bewusstseinserweiternde Substanzen zu sich zu nehmen und regelmäßig zu meditieren, um das eigene Bewusstsein zu entwickeln? Reichen die Bücher, die Workshops und die charismatischen Führer, die überall zu finden sind? Sind wir erwacht, nur weil der Nachbar noch schläft?

Wie würden wir zum Beispiel reagieren, wenn das Projekt „Blue Beam“ durchgespielt werden würde? Natürlich soll es sich hierbei um eine Verschwörungstheorie handeln. Aber nur mal angenommen. Es geht darum, durch das Erschaffen einer allgemeinen Unsicherheit und Hysterie eine neue Weltordnung durchzusetzen.

In einer ersten Etappe sollen künstlich erschaffene Naturkatastrophen dafür sorgen, dass die Menschen sämtliche religiöse Fundamente in Frage stellen. In einer zweiten Etappe werden mittels dreidimensionaler Hologramme verschiedene Gottesbilder in den Himmel projiziert mit dem Ziel, eine Einheitsreligion zu proklamieren. In einer dritten Etappe sollen mittels Niederfrequenzen und per Satellit Gedankengänge gezielt beeinflusst werden, und in einem letzten Schritt soll die Menschheit davon überzeugt werden, dass in allen großen Städten der Welt eine Invasion Außerirdischer nahe bevorsteht.

Jede große Nation soll dazu aufgefordert werden, ihr nukleares Potenzial als Abwehr zu benutzen. Es soll sich jedoch um ein Fake-Manöver handeln. Den Nationen, nun ihrer Waffen entledigt, bliebe nur noch die Hoffnung auf einen göttlichen Eingriff. Alle „erwachten“ Menschen würden von „guten“ außerirdischen Kräften „gerettet“ und entführt werden — womit der neuen Weltordnung auf Erden nichts mehr im Wege stünde. Der Rest der Menschheit würde mittels über elektronische Geräte verbreiteter böser Geister in den Wahnsinn und die totale Hoffnungslosigkeit getrieben werden.

Selbstwirksamkeit?

Die Geschichte ist haarsträubend. Doch wer könnte beschwören, dass sie technisch nicht möglich wäre? Wer könnte sich sicher sein, einer False-Flag-Aktion nicht auf den Leim zu gehen? Wer könnte von sich behaupten, so erwacht, so in seinem Bewusstsein verankert zu sein, dass er sich nicht manipulieren ließe, wenn es darauf ankommt? Wer griffe nicht in der Verzweiflung nach einem Heiligenbild, das am Himmel aufsteigt? Wer wäre erhaben über jede Art von Mind Control?

So möge der stille werden, der sich rühmt, erwacht zu sein. Möge er sich den Schlaf aus den Augen reiben und sich an die Arbeit machen. Denn das Erwachen ist nur der allererste Schritt. Dann geht es erst richtig los.

Dann können wir üben, in die Selbstwirksamkeit zu kommen: das Vertrauen in die eigenen Möglichkeiten, Aufgabenanforderungen wirksam zu bewältigen und auch in Extremsituationen gewünschte Handlungen selbst ausführen zu können.

Die Frage ist nicht, wie erwacht wir uns im Vergleich mit anderen fühlen, sondern welches Selbst- und Menschenbild wir haben und wie wir von unserer natürlichen Schöpferkraft Gebrauch machen. Nicht der ist erwacht, der sich von Katastrophenmeldungen einlullen lässt und sich gemütlich in seinen vier Wänden auf den Weltuntergang vorbereitet, sondern der, der sich darauf besinnt, dass Bewusstsein mehr ist als ein paar Synapsen im Gehirn. Er weiß, dass er über einen freien Willen verfügt, der ihn dazu befähigt, in eine andere Richtung zu gehen.

Außen wie innen

Bewusstsein hängt von keinem spirituellen Führer ab und auch von keinem Gott, der in den Himmel projiziert wird. Bewusstsein ist göttlich. Es ist die Fähigkeit, Dinge wahr-zu-nehmen, ihren Wahrheitsgehalt zu erkennen, die Gabe, aus sich heraus feinfühlig zu sein, hellsichtig, verstehend. Im individuellen Bewusstsein sind das Menschliche und das Göttliche eins. Nichts steht trennend dazwischen. Niemand muss die Erlaubnis für diesen Erkenntnisprozess geben.

Wer bei Bewusstsein ist, den kann man nicht in ein Gedankengefängnis einsperren oder ihn mit Hierarchien beeindrucken. Er weiß, dass das Wesentliche sich im Innen abspielt und dass allein er für das verantwortlich ist, was er erlebt.

Ein hoch entwickeltes Bewusstsein bedeutet, sich von jeder Erwartung zu lösen, dass sich im Außen etwas ändert. Wer sich auf das Außen konzentriert, der hat schon verloren. Er drückt sich selbst den Stempel der Ohnmacht und des Mangels auf oder befeuert die Kriegsmaschinerie, die alles in die Zerstörung treibt.

Im Inneren gilt es, für Harmonie zu sorgen und sich auf die Frequenzen des Schöpferischen einzustellen. So darf sich jeder fragen: Wie sieht es bei mir aus? Bin ich von Menschen umgeben, die mich erniedrigen oder die mich erhöhen? Lebe ich das Leben, das ich mir wünsche? Bin ich im Mangel oder im Überfluss? Bin ich krank oder gesund? Ängstlich oder vertrauend? Zynisch oder liebevoll? Wie halte ich es? Wie ist meine Stimmung? Wie fühle ich mich in dieser Zeit, in dieser Welt? Wage ich es, Nein zu sagen, wenn alle Ja sagen, und Ja, wenn alle Nein sagen?

Wie selbstwirksam bin ich? Wie benutze ich die mir angeborene Schöpferkraft? Lasse ich mit mir machen oder mache ich selbst? Welche Menschen und Ereignisse ziehe ich an? Auf welcher Ebene schwingt meine Energie? Mit welchen Kräften stehe ich in Kontakt? Welche Informationen empfange ich? Wie viel Individualität wage ich? Nicht eine Individualität, die andere ausschließt, sondern eine, die alles miteinschließt und von dem Bewusstsein geleitet wird, dass alles eins ist.

Fühle ich mich getrennt oder verbunden? Fühle ich, dass ich unteilbar bin: in-dividuum? Spüre ich, wie ich aus der Kraft dieser Unteilbarkeit heraus unermessliche Möglichkeiten habe, mein Leben und damit die Welt zu gestalten? Bin ich wirklich erwacht oder halte ich mich nur für etwas Besseres, um bei der nächstbesten Gelegenheit genau das zu tun, was ich an anderen kritisiert habe: mein Heil von außen zu erwarten?

Angst- oder Christusmatrix?

Was auch kommt in der nächsten Zeit: Es wird uns überraschen. Jede Menge Möglichkeiten wird es geben, in denen wir unser Bewusstsein und unsere Individualität auf die Probe stellen können. Auf uns kommt es an! Jeder Mensch, der sich selbst aus der Ohnmacht befreit, befreit auch die Welt ein wenig mehr. Jeder, der sich nicht von schlechten Nachrichten nach unten ziehen lässt, jeder, der darauf achtet, seine Energie möglichst hoch schwingen zu lassen, jeder, der in sich selbst die Lösung sucht, ist ein Segen für diese Zeit, ein Tor für das Göttliche auf Erden.

Göttlich, so die Bewusstseinstrainerin Sandra Weber, ist alles, was natürlich ist, alles, was liebt, was pulsiert, leuchtet und verbunden ist. Wir haben die Wahl, uns per Genmanipulation und künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) immer mehr entmenschlichen zu lassen oder unser multidimensionales Potenzial zu entdecken, unsere Fähigkeit zu Telepathie, Telekinese und Teleportation. Angst- oder Christusmatrix — wofür entscheiden wir uns? Lassen wir durch KI die eigene Lichtkörperaktivierung unterbrechen oder wählen wir die Erhebung und das Vertrauen in unsere Göttlichkeit (3)?

Von hier aus können wir die Bühne überblicken. Wir erkennen: Wir müssen da nicht mitmachen. Wir müssen nicht in das Welttheater einsteigen. Wir müssen nicht die Lichtschwerter auspacken und für das Gute kämpfen. Das Gute kämpft nicht. Das Gute ist. Was wir tun können, ist, uns von den Altlasten zu befreien, die uns unten halten, innere Kämpfe ein für alle Mal zu befrieden und unsere Schatten ins Licht zu bringen.

Erleuchtung ist, wenn die inneren Schatten aufgelöst sind und man alles überblicken kann. Er-innern wir uns. Gehen wir nach innen und bauen wir hier unsere Tempel.

Fassen wir den Mut, wir selbst zu sein. Gehen wir in unsere Herzensmitte, werden wir uns der Bewertungen bewusst, mit der wir unsere Welt in Gut und Böse einteilen, und nehmen wir einen neutralen Standpunkt ein. So kommen wir aus der Dualität zurück in die Polarität, aus einer Welt, in der sich die Dinge gegenseitig vernichten, in eine Welt, in der sie sich ergänzen und kreativ zusammenwirken.

---

Quellen und Anmerkungen:

(1) https://lexikon.stangl.eu/887/bewusstsein\ (2) https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehirnw%C3%A4sche\ (3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grAFeprqzhs&t=13s

---

Kerstin Chavent ist Sprachlehrerin und lebt in Südfrankreich. Sie schreibt Artikel, Essays und autobiographische Erzählungen. Ihre Schwerpunkte sind der Umgang mit Krisensituationen und Krankheit und die Sensibilisierung für das schöpferische Potential im Menschen. Auf Deutsch erschienen sind Die wilde Göttin, Der Königsweg, Die Enthüllung, In guter Gesellschaft, Die Waffen niederlegen, Das Licht fließt dahin, wo es dunkel ist, Krankheit heilt, Was wachsen will muss Schalen abwerfen, Und Freitags kommt der Austernwagen. Weitere Informationen auf kerstinchavent.de.

---

LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt.

Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen:

• Für 50 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube.
• Für 120 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Für 500 CHF/EURO werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Ab 1000 CHF werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie).

Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):

Für Einzahlungen in Euro:

Milosz Matuschek

IBAN DE 53710520500000814137

BYLADEM1TST

Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg

Betreff: Friedenstaube

Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: friedenstaube@pareto.space

---

Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

***Satiretüchtigkeit***

Deutschland hat den Satirikern den Krieg erklärt, in dem es Realitäten schafft, die die Phantasie der Autoren überbieten soll. Dazu hat das neu geschaffene Satireministerium die Satiretüchtigkeit ganz oben auf die Agenda gesetzt.

***Notlage***

Die Notlage in Deutschland ist in eine Notlage geraten. Das Ausrufen einer Notlage ist Gebot der Stunde, in der die Notlage der Notlage bekämpft werden kann.

***Grenzsicherung***

Nachdem als eine der ersten Amtshandlungen die deutschen Außengrenzen neu vermessen worden sind, hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Grenzen nur gesichert offenbleiben können. Der Bundesgrenzschutz hat ab sofort die Aufgabe übernommen, ausländisches CO2 an der Grenze aufzuhalten.

***Demokratiebeleidigungsparagraph***

Nach intensiver Recherche des Verfassungsschutzes hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Opposition die seinerzeitige Bundesregierung als „Diktatur“ und „totalitär“ bezeichnet hat. Das ist Demokratiebeleidigung. Ein neuer Paragraph ist bereits in der Ausarbeitung.

***Einhaltung des Koalitionsvertrags***

Aus gesicherten Quellen ist durchgesickert, dass der erste Bundeskanzler zweiter Wahl nun doch nicht sein Amt wahrnehmen will, weil das so nicht im Koalitionsvertrag steht. Schließlich halte man sich an selbigen und die Glaubwürdigkeit dürfe unter keinen Umständen infrage gestellt werden.

***Bundesamt für Fassungslosigkeit***

Das Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz soll nach dem Willen der Bürger in Bundesamt für Fassungslosigkeit umbenannt werden. Es soll ein deutliches Zeichen gesetzt werden, dass Bürgerbeteiligung in Zukunft ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Politik sein wird.

***Brüssel – Zentrum Belgiens***

Der Bundeskanzler mit Blackrock-Hintergrund hat als eine seiner ersten Amtshandlungen die Neugestaltung des Finanzmarktes in Brüssel angeregt. Der Euro soll in den allermeisten Europäischen Staaten durch den Blackrock-Taler ersetzt werden.

***Salutokratie***

Die WHO hat größte Zustimmung bei der Einführung der Salutokratie erfahren. Die Europäer jubeln und ziehen zu Tausenden mit der EU-Fahne durch die europäischen Hauptstädte. Auf vielen Plakaten ist der folgende Text zu lesen: Die Pharmaindustrie ist ein wichtiger Wirtschaftszweig. Durch unsere Erkrankungen tragen wir einen wichtigen Teil dazu bei, dass sie zu unserem Wohle weiter forschen und neue Medikamente auf den Markt bringen kann.

***Elektronische Patientenakte***

Nach für die Ärzte verpflichtender Einführung der elektronischen Patientenakte konnten letzte Lücken in der Datenoffenheit beseitigt werden. Eine vollständige Transparenz ist jetzt für jedermann gewährleistet. Die Krankenkassen jubeln, weil Ferndiagnosen noch effizienter praktiziert werden können.

***Übermenschliche Leistungen***

Die neue Wirtschaftsministerin hat ihre eigene Messlatte sehr hoch angelegt. Sie will die übermenschlichen Leistungen ihres Vorgängers noch übermenschlicher übertreffen. Ihre Mitarbeiter arbeiten fieberhaft an einer neuen Wortschöpfung, die über den Begriff Übermenschlichkeit hinausgeht. Es ist größte Eile geboten, da eine Neuwahl der Regierung schon in den nächsten Monaten zu erwarten ist.

***Lieferprobleme***

Der brutale Umzug der ehemaligen Außen-Dings in die genderunfreundlichen USA verzögert sich, weil ein bekanntes Versandunternehmen die Lieferkette von feministischen Umzugskartons nicht nachweisen kann. Außerdem wurde von Lagerengpässen für die bevorstehende Auslieferung mobiler Toiletten nach Afrika berichtet.

***Erwischt***

Der ehemalige Corona-Minister II. wurde auf der Rückfahrt nach Berlin (1. Klasse, die ist noch pünktlich) dabei gesehen, wie er im Bistro-Wagen mit Genuss eine leicht versalzene Bockwurst gegessen hat. Nach Ankunft in Berlin musste der Vorrat an erlesenem, durstlöschendem Rotwein aufgefüllt werden.

***Verkauf aus Gewissensgründen***

Der Corona-Minister I. bekannt und berühmt geworden durch seine kaufmännisch geschickt eingefädelten Masken-Deals in bedarfsgerechter Anzahl, sucht derzeit nach einem Käufer für seine bescheidene Hütte in Hamburg, weil er mit dem Erlös den bankkaufmanntechnischen Gewinnüberhang ausgleichen will.

***Drohnennahverkehr***

Das zu verstaatlichende Staatsunternehmen Bahn will spätestens 2028 den Drohnennahverkehr im Halbstundentakt bundesweit einführen. In einer Pressekonferenz wurde bekannt, dass man mit den Logistikfragen im Umgang mit den angeschlossenen Glasfaserkabeln schon sehr große Fortschritte gemacht habe.

***Merz-Frisur***

Vollhaar-Inhaber in der CDU wollen sich zur Unterstützung und als Zeichen der Loyalität eine Merz-Frisur bei einem bekannten Star-Friseur schneiden lassen. Die Wartezeiten betragen derzeit rund 5 Tage. Die Friseur-Innung arbeitet an einem Schnellkurs: Merz-Frisur-tüchtig in drei Wochen!

***Bestsellerliste***

Die ehemalige Bundesmutti hat weitere Prosa in zwei Bänden angekündigt: Die Titel lauten „Einigkeit“ und „Recht“. Derzeit laufen die Maschinen der papierverarbeitenden Hygieneindustrie auf Hochtouren (gut für die Wirtschaft!), da die Bestellliste schon 1000 Seiten lang ist, die jedoch aufgrund der Gleichbehandlung nicht veröffentlicht werden kann.

***Autoindustrie mehrheitlich positiv***

Die Umsätze der deutschen Autoindustrie sollen angeblich um rund 30% eingebrochen sein. Das bedeutet, dass die Mehrheit, also rund 70% noch vorhanden ist, was für die Wirtschaft allgemein sehr gute Nachrichten sind. Außerdem können freie Kapazitäten jetzt zur Produktion von Tankfahrzeugen für Panzer genutzt werden.

***Unterbringungsprobleme gelöst***

Durch die anhaltende Insolvenzwelle deutscher Unternehmen werden Werkshallen frei, die in kürzester Zeit zu weltoffenen Unterkünften umgebaut werden. Erfahrungen aus der Plattenbauweise der ehemaligen DDR konnten hier erfolgreich eingesetzt werden.

***Pandemiebekämpfung***

Deutschland ist zepterhaltend in Präventionsmaßnahmen für zukünftig geplante Pandemien. Federführend soll das virenverseuchte Bargeld stufenweise abgeschafft werden. Ein neues Panik-Paper sieht bereits seiner gut durchdachten Vollendung entgegen.

***Verband der Schreib-Fachkräfte***

Der in Anlehnung des bekannten Satzes von Peter Scholl-Latour formulierte Satz: -Wer Begriffe wie „Kriegstüchtigkeit“ und „Hass und Hetze“ aus dunklen Zeiten verwendet, wird selbst zur dunklen Zeit-, wurde vom Verband der Schreib-Fachkräfte als umstritten eingeordnet.

***Leitkultur***

Experten für den unfallfreien Verzehr von Bananen haben in einer teleskopierten Studie herausgefunden, dass das Wort Leitkultur aus den Worten Leitkuh und Kultur künstlich in einem französischen Labor für Gain-of-Word-Forschung zusammengesetzt wurde. Beweis dafür ist das fehlende Ha, das so in der Natur nicht vorkommt. Der Laborsprung konnte so eindeutig nachgewiesen werden.

***Reformvorschlag***

Bisher galt: Alle Bürgerrechte sind Abwehrrechte gegen den Staat. In einer Ausschusstagung soll jetzt darüber befunden werden, ob diese Formulierung aus Gründen der Delegitimierung des Staates nicht geändert werden kann. Der Reformvorschlag lautet: In einer angestrebten Unseredemokratie soll die Hoheit über die Abwehrrechte der Bürger beim Staat liegen. In demokratischen Einzelverfahren soll darüber entschieden werden, wann und in welchem Umfang sie gegen die Bürger zur Anwendung kommen sollen.

Dieser Artikel wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben

* *

(Bild von pixabay)

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install FUTO Keyboard (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, tap Switch Input Methods and select FUTO Keyboard
3. For voice input, choose FUTO Keyboard (needs mic permission) and grant permission While Using The App
4. Configure keyboard layouts under Languages & Models as needed

Adding Support for Non-English Languages

Voice Input

1. Download voice input models from the FUTO Keyboard Add-Ons page
   • For languages like Chinese, German, Spanish, Russian, French, Portuguese, Korean, and Japanese, download the Multilingual-74 model
   • For other languages, download Multilingual-244
2. Open FUTO Keyboard, go to Languages & Models, and import the downloaded model under Voice Input

Dictionaries

1. Get dictionary files from AOSP Dictionaries
2. Open FUTO Keyboard, navigate to Languages & Models, and import the dictionary under Dictionary

ℹ️ When typing, tap the microphone icon to use voice input

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

What gear are you using? Any new/used stuff you are currently trying to buy/sell?

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/976340

@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

https://long-form-editor.vercel.app/

β版のため予期せぬ動作が発生する可能性があります。記事を修正する際は事前にバックアップを取ることをおすすめします

機能

• nostr:npub1sjcvg64knxkrt6ev52rywzu9uzqakgy8ehhk8yezxmpewsthst6sw3jqcw や、 nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzq4jsz7zew5j7jr4pdfxh483nwq9vyw9ph6wm706sjwrzj2we58nqqyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtt2wqhxummnw3ezuamfwfjkgmn9wshx5uqpr4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnhd9ex2erwv46zu6nsqyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqqsgcn99jyn5tevxz5zxsrkd7h0sx8fwnqztula423xh83j9wau7cms3vg9c7 のようにnostr:要素を挿入できる

• :monoice:のようにカスタム絵文字を挿入できる(メニューの😃アイコンから←アイコン変えるかも)

:monopaca_kao:

:kubipaca_karada:

• 新規記事作成と、既存記事の修正ができる

やることやったこと

• [x] nostr:を投稿するときにtagにいれる

• [x] 画像をアップロードできるようにする できる

• [x] 投稿しましたログとかをトースト的なやつでだすようにする
• [ ] レイアウトを整える
• [ ] あとなんか

@ 9063ef6b:fd1e9a09

🎯 Goal

You want to: - Offer a self-hosted Zap address using your own domain - Forward payments to your Zeus Wallet (via Olympus LSP) - Combine NIP-05 and Lightning (Zaps) under one identifier

Important: - This setup enables receiving Zaps only. - Sending Zaps still requires the built-in Lightning wallet of the Nostr client.

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🧩 Components Used in This Example

| Component | Function | |--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------| | GitHub Pages | Hosts your .well-known files | | Zeus Wallet (Olympus)| Receives the payments (Zaps) | | LNURL-Pay JSON | Forwards Zap requests to zeuspay.com | | NIP-05 Identifier | Your public Nostr identity address | | lud16 (Lightning) | Same address as NIP-05 for Lightning Zap receiving |

The following article describes the precondition of creating a nip-05 with custom domain:

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpyrraa4eymelf5xndvxcwxvvs8p7qxluxy0zvrk9rxmlat73axsfqq2nxw24wge47s2ydet4ykjlxfgyc62223y5xtdzydu

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📁 GitHub Folder Structure

The GitHub folder structure must look like this. You extend the existing NIP-05 setup by adding a folder lnurlp with one file:

.well-known/ ├── nostr.json # For NIP-05 └── lnurlp/ └── petermuster* # For LNURL-Zap

*For example, if your Lightning address is petermuster@zeuspay.com, name the file petermuster (no file extension is needed).

---

📄 Content of .well-known/lnurlp/petermuster

Open the terminal on your linux/mac and run:

bash curl https://zeuspay.com/.well-known/lnurlp/petermuster

Copy the result into a text editor, clean it up and save it into a file named petermuster with this format:

json { "callback": "https://zeuspay.com/api/lnurl/pay/petermuster", "metadata": "[["text/plain","Self-custodial LN address powered by ZEUS. Hodl invoice will settle when user comes online within 24hrs or you'll be refunded."],["text/identifier","petermuster@zeuspay.com"]]", "tag": "payRequest", "minSendable": 1000, "maxSendable": 612000000000, "allowsNostr": true, "nostrPubkey": "3943rjfoijdlakfjo0afsdafasfasfdsadklnfaksdfjljewopqjweilj", "commentAllowed": 600, "zeusPayPlus": true }

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📝 Nostr Profile Configuration

Make sure your Nostr profile links both your nip05 and your Lightning address like this:

json { "nip05": "petermuster@mydomain.com", lightnisadress (lud16): "petermuster@mydomain.com" }

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⚠️ Privacy / Info Leaks

| Field | Leak? | Explanation | |-------------------|-------|-------------| | maxSendable | 🟡 Minor | Indicates the user can accept up to 6.12 BTC. This is not your balance, it shows just you use ZeusPay Plus. | | metadata | 🔵 Editable | You can remove ZEUS branding for more privacy | | nostrPubkey | 🔵 Public | This is your public key, no issue | | callback domain | 🟡 Yes | It reveals you're forwarding to zeuspay.com | | Custody | 🟢 No | You're using Zeus in non-custodial mode |

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✅ Benefits of This Setup

| Advantage | Description | |----------------------------------------|-------------| | Unified Identity | One address for both NIP-05 and Lightning Zaps | | Less dependency on the client | No need to use or register a Lightning wallet in the Nostr client | | Direct payment to your node | Sats go directly to your Zeus wallet via Olympus LSP | | Easily switch payment backend | You can change the real LNURL backend later without changing your address | | Future-proof | You can later self-host your own LNURL backend |

---

⚠️ Open Question

• How can I send Zaps from my Zeus Wallet (NWC or direct) to a nostr article or post?

  If this won't be possible in the future, receiving-only setups lose a lot of value.

@ 7459d333:f207289b

Description: Just as Bitcoin enabled sovereignty over money, a decentralized shipping protocol would enable sovereignty over trade. An LN/Bisq inspired shipping protocol could create an unstoppable free market.

---

Bitcoin gave us monetary sovereignty, freeing us from central bank manipulation, inflation, and censorship. But there's a missing link in our freedom journey: the physical world of goods.

The Problem: Even with Bitcoin, global trade remains at the mercy of: - Arbitrary tariffs and import restrictions - Political censorship of goods - Privacy invasion of shipping information - Centralized shipping carriers

The Vision: A decentralized shipping protocol with these properties:

• "Onion-routed" packages: Each carrier only knows the previous and next hop
• Bitcoin-secured multi-sig escrow: Funds locked until package delivery confirmed
• Incentive alignment: Carriers set their own fees based on risk assessment
• Privacy tiers: Options for inspected vs. sealed packages with appropriate pricing
• End-to-end sovereignty: Sender and receiver maintain control, intermediate carriers just fulfill their role

How it could work:

1. Sender creates shipping request with package details and destination
2. Protocol finds optimal route through independent carriers
3. Each hop secured by multi-sig deposits larger than package value
4. Carriers only see next hop, not ultimate destination
5. Reputation systems and economic incentives maintain integrity

This creates a free market where any individual can participate as a carrier, earning Bitcoin for facilitating trade. Just like Lightning Network nodes, anyone can open "channels" with trusted partners.

Impact: This would enable true free market principles globally, making artificial trade barriers obsolete and empowering individuals to engage in voluntary exchange regardless of geographic or political boundaries.

There are a lot of challenges. But the first question is if this is a real problem and if its worth solving it.

What components would need development first? How would you solve the physical handoff challenges?

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/976326

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

Information ohne Reflexion ist geistiger Flugsand. \ Ernst Reinhardt

Der lateinische Ausdruck «Quo vadis» als Frage nach einer Entwicklung oder Ausrichtung hat biblische Wurzeln. Er wird aber auch in unserer Alltagssprache verwendet, laut Duden meist als Ausdruck von Besorgnis oder Skepsis im Sinne von: «Wohin wird das führen?»

Der Sinn und Zweck von so mancher politischen Entscheidung erschließt sich heutzutage nicht mehr so leicht, und viele Trends können uns Sorge bereiten. Das sind einerseits sehr konkrete Themen wie die zunehmende Militarisierung und die geschichtsvergessene Kriegstreiberei in Europa, deren Feindbildpflege aktuell beim Gedenken an das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs beschämende Formen annimmt.

Auch das hohe Gut der Schweizer Neutralität scheint immer mehr in Gefahr. Die schleichende Bewegung der Eidgenossenschaft in Richtung NATO und damit weg von einer Vermittlerposition erhält auch durch den neuen Verteidigungsminister Anschub. Martin Pfister möchte eine stärkere Einbindung in die europäische Verteidigungsarchitektur, verwechselt bei der Argumentation jedoch Ursache und Wirkung.

Das Thema Gesundheit ist als Zugpferd für Geschäfte und Kontrolle offenbar schon zuverlässig etabliert. Die hauptsächlich privat finanzierte Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) ist dabei durch ein Netzwerk von sogenannten «Collaborating Centres» sogar so weit in nationale Einrichtungen eingedrungen, dass man sich fragen kann, ob diese nicht von Genf aus gesteuert werden.

Das Schweizer Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG) übernimmt in dieser Funktion ebenso von der WHO definierte Aufgaben und Pflichten wie das deutsche Robert Koch-Institut (RKI). Gegen die Covid-«Impfung» für Schwangere, die das BAG empfiehlt, obwohl es fehlende wissenschaftliche Belege für deren Schutzwirkung einräumt, formiert sich im Tessin gerade Widerstand.

Unter dem Stichwort «Gesundheitssicherheit» werden uns die Bestrebungen verkauft, essenzielle Dienste mit einer biometrischen digitalen ID zu verknüpfen. Das dient dem Profit mit unseren Daten und führt im Ergebnis zum Verlust unserer demokratischen Freiheiten. Die deutsche elektronische Patientenakte (ePA) ist ein Element mit solchem Potenzial. Die Schweizer Bürger haben gerade ein Referendum gegen das revidierte E-ID-Gesetz erzwungen. In Thailand ist seit Anfang Mai für die Einreise eine «Digital Arrival Card» notwendig, die mit ihrer Gesundheitserklärung einen Impfpass «durch die Hintertür» befürchten lässt.

Der massive Blackout auf der iberischen Halbinsel hat vermehrt Fragen dazu aufgeworfen, wohin uns Klimawandel-Hysterie und «grüne» Energiepolitik führen werden. Meine Kollegin Wiltrud Schwetje ist dem nachgegangen und hat in mehreren Beiträgen darüber berichtet. Wenig überraschend führen interessante Spuren mal wieder zu internationalen Großbanken, Globalisten und zur EU-Kommission.

Zunehmend bedenklich ist aber ganz allgemein auch die manifestierte Spaltung unserer Gesellschaften. Angesichts der tiefen und sorgsam gepflegten Gräben fällt es inzwischen schwer, eine zukunftsfähige Perspektive zu erkennen. Umso begrüßenswerter sind Initiativen wie die Kölner Veranstaltungsreihe «Neue Visionen für die Zukunft». Diese möchte die Diskussionskultur reanimieren und dazu beitragen, dass Menschen wieder ohne Angst und ergebnisoffen über kontroverse Themen der Zeit sprechen.

Quo vadis – Wohin gehen wir also? Die Suche nach Orientierung in diesem vermeintlichen Chaos führt auch zur Reflexion über den eigenen Lebensweg. Das ist positiv insofern, als wir daraus Kraft schöpfen können. Ob derweil der neue Papst, dessen «Vorgänger» Petrus unsere Ausgangsfrage durch die christliche Legende zugeschrieben wird, dabei eine Rolle spielt, muss jede/r selbst wissen. Mir persönlich ist allein schon ein Führungsanspruch wie der des Petrusprimats der römisch-katholischen Kirche eher suspekt.

[Titelbild: Pixabay]

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Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben und ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

I. Historical Foundations of U.S. Monetary Architecture

The early monetary system of the United States was built atop inherited commodity money conventions from Europe’s maritime economies. Silver and gold coins—primarily Spanish pieces of eight, Dutch guilders, and other foreign specie—formed the basis of colonial commerce. These units were already integrated into international trade and piracy networks and functioned with natural compatibility across England, France, Spain, and Denmark. Lacking a centralized mint or formal currency, the U.S. adopted these forms de facto.

As security risks and the practical constraints of physical coinage mounted, banks emerged to warehouse specie and issue redeemable certificates. These certificates evolved into fiduciary media—claims on specie not actually in hand. Banks observed over time that substantial portions of reserves remained unclaimed for years. This enabled fractional reserve banking: issuing more claims than reserves held, so long as redemption demand stayed low. The practice was inherently unstable, prone to panics and bank runs, prompting eventual centralization through the formation of the Federal Reserve in 1913.

Following the Civil War and unstable reinstatements of gold convertibility, the U.S. sought global monetary stability. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system formalized the U.S. dollar as the global reserve currency. The dollar was nominally backed by gold, but most international dollars were held offshore and recycled into U.S. Treasuries. The Nixon Shock of 1971 eliminated the gold peg, converting the dollar into pure fiat. Yet offshore dollar demand remained, sustained by oil trade mandates and the unique role of Treasuries as global reserve assets.

II. The Structure of Fiduciary Media and Treasury Demand

Under this system, foreign trade surpluses with the U.S. generate excess dollars. These surplus dollars are parked in U.S. Treasuries, thereby recycling trade imbalances into U.S. fiscal liquidity. While technically loans to the U.S. government, these purchases act like interest-only transfers—governments receive yield, and the U.S. receives spendable liquidity without principal repayment due in the short term. Debt is perpetually rolled over, rarely extinguished.

This creates an illusion of global subsidy: U.S. deficits are financed via foreign capital inflows that, in practice, function more like financial tribute systems than conventional debt markets. The underlying asset—U.S. Treasury debt—functions as the base reserve asset of the dollar system, replacing gold in post-Bretton Woods monetary logic.

III. Emergence of Tether and the Parastatal Dollar

Tether (USDT), as a private issuer of dollar-denominated tokens, mimics key central bank behaviors while operating outside the regulatory perimeter. It mints tokens allegedly backed 1:1 by U.S. dollars or dollar-denominated securities (mostly Treasuries). These tokens circulate globally, often in jurisdictions with limited banking access, and increasingly serve as synthetic dollar substitutes.

If USDT gains dominance as the preferred medium of exchange—due to technological advantages, speed, programmability, or access—it displaces Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) not through devaluation, but through functional obsolescence. Gresham’s Law inverts: good money (more liquid, programmable, globally transferable USDT) displaces bad (FRNs) even if both maintain a nominal 1:1 parity.

Over time, this preference translates to a systemic demand shift. Actors increasingly use Tether instead of FRNs, especially in global commerce, digital marketplaces, or decentralized finance. Tether tokens effectively become shadow base money.

IV. Interaction with Commercial Banking and Redemption Mechanics

Under traditional fractional reserve systems, commercial banks issue loans denominated in U.S. dollars, expanding the money supply. When borrowers repay loans, this destroys the created dollars and contracts monetary elasticity. If borrowers repay in USDT instead of FRNs:

• Banks receive a non-Fed liability (USDT).
• USDT is not recognized as reserve-eligible within the Federal Reserve System.
• Banks must either redeem USDT for FRNs, or demand par-value conversion from Tether to settle reserve requirements and balance their books.

This places redemption pressure on Tether and threatens its 1:1 peg under stress. If redemption latency, friction, or cost arises, USDT’s equivalence to FRNs is compromised. Conversely, if banks are permitted or compelled to hold USDT as reserve or regulatory capital, Tether becomes a de facto reserve issuer.

In this scenario, banks may begin demanding loans in USDT, mirroring borrower behavior. For this to occur sustainably, banks must secure Tether liquidity. This creates two options: - Purchase USDT from Tether or on the secondary market, collateralized by existing fiat. - Borrow USDT directly from Tether, using bank-issued debt as collateral.

The latter mirrors Federal Reserve discount window operations. Tether becomes a lender of first resort, providing monetary elasticity to the banking system by creating new tokens against promissory assets—exactly how central banks function.

V. Structural Consequences: Parallel Central Banking

If Tether begins lending to commercial banks, issuing tokens backed by bank notes or collateralized debt obligations: - Tether controls the expansion of broad money through credit issuance. - Its balance sheet mimics a central bank, with Treasuries and bank debt as assets and tokens as liabilities. - It intermediates between sovereign debt and global liquidity demand, replacing the Federal Reserve’s open market operations with its own issuance-redemption cycles.

Simultaneously, if Tether purchases U.S. Treasuries with FRNs received through token issuance, it: - Supplies the Treasury with new liquidity (via bond purchases). - Collects yield on government debt. - Issues a parallel form of U.S. dollars that never require redemption—an interest-only loan to the U.S. government from a non-sovereign entity.

In this context, Tether performs monetary functions of both a central bank and a sovereign wealth fund, without political accountability or regulatory transparency.

VI. Endgame: Institutional Inversion and Fed Redundancy

This paradigm represents an institutional inversion:

• The Federal Reserve becomes a legacy issuer.
• Tether becomes the operational base money provider in both retail and interbank contexts.
• Treasuries remain the foundational reserve asset, but access to them is mediated by a private intermediary.
• The dollar persists, but its issuer changes. The State becomes a fiscal agent of a decentralized financial ecosystem, not its monetary sovereign.

Unless the Federal Reserve reasserts control—either by absorbing Tether, outlawing its instruments, or integrating its tokens into the reserve framework—it risks becoming irrelevant in the daily function of money.

Tether, in this configuration, is no longer a derivative of the dollar—it is the dollar, just one level removed from sovereign control. The future of monetary sovereignty under such a regime is post-national and platform-mediated.

@ d41bf82f:ed90d888

บทที่ 3: ตะวันออกแห่งเอเดน (East of Eden)

บทนี้เจาะลึกต้นกำเนิดของโครงสร้างอำนาจในมนุษยชาติผ่านมุมมองเชิงประวัติศาสตร์และเศรษฐศาสตร์ โดยเฉพาะการเปลี่ยนแปลงครั้งสำคัญที่เรียกว่า การปฏิวัติเกษตรกรรม ซึ่งพลิกโฉมวิถีชีวิตมนุษย์จากการเป็นนักล่าสัตว์และเก็บของป่า มาสู่สังคมที่ตั้งถิ่นฐานถาวร สะสมทรัพย์สิน และมีแนวโน้มที่จะใช้ความรุนแรงและจัดองค์กรทางอำนาจที่ซับซ้อนมากขึ้น

การเปลี่ยนผ่านดังกล่าวสามารถเห็นภาพได้อย่างคมชัดผ่านสัญลักษณ์ในพระคัมภีร์ไบเบิล จากเรื่องราวของคาอินและอาเบล:

“และพระเจ้าตรัสกับคาอินว่า ‘อาเบล น้องชายของเจ้าอยู่ที่ไหน?’ คาอินตอบว่า ‘ข้าพระองค์ไม่ทราบ ข้าพระองค์เป็นผู้ดูแลน้องชายของข้าหรือ?’ พระเจ้าตรัสว่า ‘เจ้าทำอะไรลงไป? เสียงเลือดของน้องชายเจ้าร้องต่อเรามาจากพื้นดิน’” (ปฐมกาล 4:9-10)

นี่ไม่ใช่เพียงบทสนทนาทางศาสนา แต่สามารถตีความในเชิงสัญลักษณ์ว่าเป็นการบันทึกครั้งแรกของอาชญากรรมที่เกิดจากตรรกะของการเป็นเจ้าของและความรุนแรง คาอิน ผู้เป็น “ชาวนา” ได้สังหารน้องชายของตนเองจากแรงริษยาและการแข่งขันในบริบทของการถวายผลผลิต ความเปรียบเปรยนี้สะท้อนถึงความเปลี่ยนแปลงของตรรกะทางสังคมเมื่อมนุษย์เข้าสู่ยุคเกษตรกรรม

ในยุคก่อนเกษตรกรรม มนุษย์อยู่กันเป็นกลุ่มเล็ก ๆ พึ่งพาทรัพยากรธรรมชาติในพื้นที่กว้าง ไม่มีแรงจูงใจจะใช้ความรุนแรง เพราะไม่มีทรัพย์สินให้แย่งชิง อาหารต้องบริโภคทันที ไม่มีการสะสม ทำให้ไม่มีใครร่ำรวยหรือยากจนอย่างชัดเจน โครงสร้างสังคมจึงเท่าเทียมและร่วมมือกันได้ดี

แต่เมื่อมนุษย์เริ่มเพาะปลูกและเลี้ยงสัตว์ พื้นที่การผลิตอาหารต้องได้รับการดูแลต่อเนื่อง ทำให้ไม่สามารถอพยพหนีภัยได้ง่าย และเมื่อมีผลผลิตมากขึ้น ก็ยิ่งเป็นเป้าหมายของการปล้นสะดม ส่งผลให้กลุ่มนักรบผู้ใช้ความรุนแรงสามารถสะสมทรัพยากรและอำนาจได้มากขึ้น และบางกลุ่มก็พัฒนาเป็นรัฐ ระบบการป้องกันและการเก็บส่วยในรูปแบบของรัฐจึงค่อยๆ ก่อตัวขึ้นจากพันธมิตรระหว่างนักรบกับนักบวช

ทรัพย์สิน ส่วนตัวซึ่งไม่เคยมีความสำคัญในสังคมนักล่าสัตว์ กลายเป็นสิ่งที่จำเป็นในสังคมเกษตรกรรม เพราะไม่มีใครจะเพาะปลูกด้วยแรงงานของตนเองหากรู้ว่าจะถูกปล้นไป ความชัดเจนของกรรมสิทธิ์จึงเป็นสิ่งจำเป็น แต่ขณะเดียวกัน กลไกของความรุนแรงก็ทำให้สิทธิในทรัพย์สินตกอยู่ในความเสี่ยง ระบบของรัฐในยุคแรกจึงเป็นการผูกขาดความรุนแรงในนามของความคุ้มครอง

ในสังคมเกษตรกรรมที่ผลิตภาพต่ำ ผู้คนจำนวนมากต้องพึ่งพารูปแบบการป้องกันทางเศรษฐกิจที่เรียกว่า “หมู่บ้านปิด” ซึ่งความเสี่ยงถูกกระจายระหว่างเจ้าของที่ดินกับชาวนา โดยมีหัวหน้าหมู่บ้านเป็นตัวกลางในความสัมพันธ์ทางเศรษฐกิจ การจ่ายค่าเช่าที่ดินในรูปแบบผลผลิตแทนเงิน ช่วยให้เจ้าของที่ดินและผู้เช่าสามารถรับมือกับภัยพิบัติร่วมกันได้ในปีที่ผลผลิตตกต่ำ

พฤติกรรมหลีกเลี่ยงความเสี่ยงนี้จำกัดการเติบโตและนวัตกรรมในระบบเศรษฐกิจ เนื่องจากโอกาสในการอยู่รอดมีค่าสูงกว่าความหวังต่อความมั่งคั่ง และนำไปสู่การครอบงำของวัฒนธรรมที่กดทับพฤติกรรมแปลกแยก วัฒนธรรมจึงเป็นกลไกปรับตัวที่เหมาะสมกับความแร้นแค้น ไม่ใช่เครื่องมือในการเปิดโอกาส

ในพื้นที่ที่เกษตรกรรมมีผลิตภาพสูง เช่น กรีซโบราณ กรรมสิทธิ์ส่วนตัว การออม และการเลื่อนสถานะทางสังคมก็เริ่มปรากฏ แต่ในพื้นที่ส่วนใหญ่ของโลก ระบบศักดินาครอบงำ เพราะผลิตภาพต่ำและมีความจำเป็นต้องพึ่งพาอำนาจผูกขาดความรุนแรง

บทนี้ยังวิเคราะห์การเปลี่ยนผ่านจากยุคโรมันไปสู่ยุคกลาง โดยเฉพาะ การปฏิวัติศักดินา ราวปี ค.ศ. 1000 การล่มสลายของจักรวรรดิโรมันทำให้รัฐอ่อนแอ และเปิดโอกาสให้ชาวนารายย่อยมีอิสระมากขึ้นในยุคมืด แต่เมื่อประชากรเพิ่มขึ้น ภูมิอากาศแปรปรวน และภัยพิบัติเกิดขึ้นต่อเนื่อง ผลผลิตตกต่ำ ชาวนาไม่สามารถรักษากรรมสิทธิ์ของตนไว้ได้ ต้องมอบที่ดินให้กับผู้มีอำนาจเพื่อแลกกับความคุ้มครอง กระบวนการนี้ค่อย ๆ เปลี่ยนเจ้าของที่ดินรายย่อยให้กลายเป็นไพร่ในระบบศักดินา

กองกำลังติดอาวุธ เช่น อัศวินม้า มีบทบาทสำคัญในการรวมอำนาจ เพราะมีต้นทุนการจัดหาสูงจนชาวนาทั่วไปไม่สามารถแข่งขันได้ โบสถ์จึงเข้ามามีบทบาทในการจำกัดความรุนแรงผ่านขบวนการ สันติภาพของพระเจ้า และยังมีบทบาทในเชิงโครงสร้างอื่น ๆ เช่น การศึกษา การจัดเก็บความรู้ การพัฒนาเกษตรกรรม และการก่อสร้างโครงสร้างพื้นฐาน เช่น ถนน เขื่อน และโรงสี

ตรรกะของความรุนแรงเปลี่ยนไปอย่างสิ้นเชิงในยุคเกษตรกรรม เพราะทรัพย์สินสามารถแย่งชิงได้ มีต้นทุนในการปกป้อง และผลตอบแทนที่คุ้มต่อการลงทุนในอาวุธ ความรุนแรงจึงกลายเป็นสิ่งที่ “คุ้มค่า” ทางเศรษฐศาสตร์เป็นครั้งแรกในประวัติศาสตร์

บทสรุปของบทนี้ชี้ให้เห็นว่า การเปลี่ยนแปลงจากยุคนักล่าสัตว์มาสู่การเกษตรคือจุดเริ่มต้นของระบบอำนาจ และเสรีภาพส่วนบุคคลถูกลดทอนลงเรื่อย ๆ เพื่อตอบสนองต่อความมั่นคงของทรัพย์สิน ในแง่นี้ เรื่องราวของคาอินผู้สังหารน้องชาย ซึ่งเป็นคนเลี้ยงสัตว์ สะท้อนถึงการก้าวเข้าสู่ยุคใหม่ที่การเพาะปลูกไม่เพียงสร้างอารยธรรม แต่ยังเปิดประตูสู่ตรรกะของการใช้ความรุนแรงอย่างเป็นระบบ

สามารถไปติดตามเนื้อหาแบบ short vdo ที่สรุปประเด็นสำคัญจากแต่ละบท พร้อมกราฟิกและคำอธิบายกระชับ เข้าใจง่าย ได้ที่ TikTok ช่อง https://www.tiktok.com/@moneyment1971

@ fbf0e434:e1be6a39

Hackathon 概要

Stellar Build Better Hackathon 已圆满落幕，共有 220 名注册开发者参与，84 个项目获得批准。本次活动旨在通过 Stellar 的智能合约推动实际应用，强调社区合作与技术进步。参赛者在三个类别中展开角逐，总奖金为 25000 美元的 USDC，类别包括：Better Finance、Better Creativity 和 Better Access。

开发者探索了 DeFi 可及性工具、跨境支付解决方案、创作者经济平台和身份解决方案等领域。Hackathon 为与全球开发者交流及知名加密公司曝光提供了契机。此外，还设有技术研讨会和现场 demo 环节，为参赛者提供支持。

在成果方面，一等奖 12,000 USDC 授予了提升金融可及性的项目。二、三等奖分别获得 8,000 和 5,000 USDC 的奖励，以表彰其在创意工具和可访问性解决方案方面的创新。通过这些奖励，此次活动凸显了 Stellar 在促进实用创新及扩展其生态系统中智能合约应用方面的作用。

Hackathon 获奖者

第一名

• PayZoll_Stellar - PayZoll 在 Stellar 生态系统中集成了AI和区块链，提供安全、自动化和透明的全球薪资服务，提升了薪资管理的效率和可靠性。

第二名

• StellarFinance - 该平台在Stellar区块链上促进用户与财务顾问之间的连接，提供专注于诚信和用户参与的安全透明的金融服务。

第三名

• Soroban to MCP Server in seconds + Policy Signers Playground - 此解决方案将Stellar Soroban智能合约转换为MCP服务器，实现自然语言交互，支持AI代理执行并增强智能合约功能。

前往 DoraHacks 查看参与hackathon的所有项目。

关于主办方

Stellar Development Foundation

Stellar Development Foundation 力求促进 Stellar 网络的增长和发展，这是一种旨在促进高效跨境交易的区块链平台。基金会专注于去中心化金融（DeFi），实施推进全球金融包容性的项目。通过与广泛的网络合作，该组织推广可扩展的区块链解决方案，确保金融服务的可及性和可靠性。其使命是通过创新的开源技术，为全球经济提供公平的通道。

@ 318ebaba:9a262eae

When connecting to multiple relays in the Nostr protocol, users may encounter several challenges that can affect their overall experience. Here are some of the key issues:

Challenges of Connecting to Multiple Relays

• Performance Issues: The lightweight design of Nostr relays can lead to performance bottlenecks, especially when many users are connected simultaneously. This can result in slow message delivery or even failures in posting messages if the relays are overwhelmed[1][2][32].

• Reliability and Connectivity: Users may experience connectivity problems with certain relays, which can lead to inconsistent access to messages or delays in communication. If a relay goes offline or has connectivity issues, it can disrupt the flow of information, making it difficult for users to send or receive messages reliably[3][4][18].

• Data Synchronization: As users connect to multiple relays, ensuring that data is synchronized across these relays can be challenging. Inconsistent data states may arise if different relays store messages differently or if there are delays in message propagation. This can lead to confusion about which messages have been sent or received[7][41].

• Configuration Complexity: Managing connections to multiple relays requires a certain level of technical knowledge. Users need to configure their clients properly to connect to various relays, which can be daunting for those less familiar with the technology. Misconfigurations can lead to connection failures or suboptimal performance[4][21].

• Spam and Quality Control: With the open nature of Nostr, some relays may be more susceptible to spam or low-quality content. Users connecting to multiple relays might encounter a higher volume of irrelevant or unwanted messages, which can detract from the overall user experience[6][32].

• Security Concerns: When using multiple relays, users must be cautious about the security of their connections. Not all relays may implement the same level of security, and connecting to less secure relays could expose users to risks such as data interception or unauthorized access to their messages[26][27].

In summary, while connecting to multiple relays in Nostr offers benefits such as redundancy and improved access to information, users must navigate various challenges related to performance, reliability, configuration, and security. Addressing these issues is crucial for a smooth and effective experience on the Nostr network.

[1] https://forum.dfinity.org/t/introducing-replicatr-enhancing-nostr-with-internet-computer-integration/31861 [2] https://medium.com/coinmonks/a-deep-dive-into-nostr-clients-with-technical-insights-and-code-snippets-b1666bb11fac [3] https://nostr.com/nevent1qqsfvjvg73wxdn7mda28m704r2zv9lnzlcdgh8r0g52lfvy2wj7uw4czyq32rylmsmre84lhxdypy6jlu4dt3fxfwkq9a0p0lqdl9y8hsp0hur4fuw4 [4] https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/1e6nm68/new_nostream_relay_created_problems_with_publish/ [5] https://www.lynalden.com/the-power-of-nostr/ [6] https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/how-nostr-can-improve-bitcoin-privacy [7] https://barelybuggy.blog/2024/11/26/mostr-offline/ [8] https://github.com/scsibug/nostr-rs-relay/issues/126 [9] https://community.umbrel.com/t/nostr-relay-troubleshooting/17828 [10] https://research.dorahacks.io/2024/04/30/nostr-relay-incentive/ [11] https://community.start9.com/t/issue-confirming-nostr-relay/1682 [12] https://arxiv.org/html/2402.05709v1 [13] https://community.umbrel.com/t/nostr-relay-not-connecting/11401 [14] https://www.purplerelay.com/troubleshooting-common-issues-with-nostr-relay-server-a-users-guide/ [15] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35694029 [16] https://substack.com/home/post/p-158872714?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web [17] https://stacker.news/items/142013 [18] https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/1h6admk/are_these_relays_working/ [19] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33746360 [20] https://github.com/scsibug/nostr-rs-relay/issues/195 [21] https://www.purplerelay.com/how-to-run-a-nostr-relay-a-step-by-step-guide/ [22] https://denostr.medium.com/the-future-of-social-communication-nostrs-origins-and-the-next-destination-in-social-networking-27f0c901d7ae [23] https://nostr.com/nevent1qqsqwklh29cvf3z0skhh77xyqf3m53xkppcttf3c8nuc2jqteulfx0czyqcgr7epv9hha2v9afp99l5wl0ljna0zum59fzyhl9v8pgv5xlhf5ava642 [24] https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/15fyr6r/pervasive_private_key_sharing_seems_dangerous/ [25] https://whtwnd.com/agoracitizen.network/3l2fysaripd2q [26] https://ron.stoner.com/nostr_Security_and_Privacy/ [27] https://forums.puri.sm/t/about-what-is-nostr/20764 [28] https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/issues/107 [29] https://medium.com/@volodymyrpavlyshyn/security-features-of-nostr-a0276a22e815 [30] https://nostr.com/nevent1qqspd8fh3tplxtfhjpka3y3glzh63v3ygsdhacyq8dvyrnxtvl09lpczyr2v7dprke9lad2qk0svug55vxguqv7n3dwn9vm63u8n5n84znxjxedjf6c [31] https://nostr.com/nevent1qqs8e2su6n8m2xtg45qdjw7rdcq6w3g5guvt085h52qhg25wxn755sczyrh26kg89z95jqaz4xkex7kaw2t36twtc75vmrfx2k3p3jqvhfa8vzan82f [32] https://www.cointribune.com/en/nostr-et-la-censure-pourquoi-un-reseau-social-decentralise-est-essentiel-2/ [33] https://nostr.com/nevent1qqsv86d756zcw32x0zcvqmr924y5sltvwqud0dywny83ndee30zzrmczyrh26kg89z95jqaz4xkex7kaw2t36twtc75vmrfx2k3p3jqvhfa8vwpfv29 [34] https://github.com/nbd-wtf/nostr-tools/issues [35] https://www.voltage.cloud/blog/the-growth-of-nostr-the-era-of-decentralization [36] https://medium.com/@BingVentures/status-quo-challenges-and-prospect-of-decentralized-social-networks-18f9584f2e8d [37] https://www.reddit.com/r/RedditAlternatives/comments/14s8ao4/greetings_im_here_to_tell_you_about_nostr_a/ [38] https://bitcoinmagazine.com/culture/nostr-the-importance-of-censorship-resistant-communication-for-innovation-and-human-progress- [39] https://github.com/mayneyao/eidos/issues/129 [40] https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/115a8et/data_duplication_and_distribution_in_nostr_relays/ [41] https://github.com/open-nostr/nostar [42] https://nostr.com/nevent1qqsryg8zuc9rdwldat385al24mdt56wanc6g6hfymy8l9tgtmzsc4nspzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurjd9kkzmpwdejhg85cx73 [43] https://ckbcn.xlog.app/Nostr-sheng-tai-fa-zhan-xian-zhuang-ji-wen-ti?locale=en [44] https://nostr.com/naddr1qqc92mnvda3kk6twvuk5ummnw3ez6ued2phhgetww35kzmpdwa5hg6pdfehhgetyv43kktt08p5hscnkqgsr7acdvhf6we9fch94qwhpy0nza36e3tgrtkpku25ppuu80f69kfqrqsqqqa28aknkml

@ 95543309:196c540e

:bob:

rant

why the fuck bunkers and stuff try to enctypt long text articles with nip 44

end rant

@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

• lumilumi The Nostr Web Client.

Lightweight modes are available, such as not displaying icon images, not loading images automatically, etc.

• Long Form Content Editor A lightweight Long Form Content Editor with editing functionality for your articles. It supports embedding Nostr IDs via NIP-19 and custom emoji integration.

• nostr-share-component Demo A simple web component for sharing content to Nostr. Create customizable share buttons that let users easily post to Nostr clients with pre-filled content. Perfect for blogs, websites, or any content you want shared on the Nostr network. Try the interactive demo to see how seamlessly it integrates with your website.

• Nostr Follow Organizer A practical tool for managing your Nostr follows(kind3) with ease.

• NAKE NAKE is a powerful utility for Nostr developers and users that simplifies working with NIP-19 and NIP-49 formats. This versatile tool allows you to easily encode and decode Nostr identifiers and encrypted data according to these protocol specifications.

• chrome extension
• firefox add-on

• nostviewstr A versatile Nostr tool that specializes in creating and editing addressable or replaceable events on the Nostr network. This comprehensive editor allows you to manage various types of lists and structured content within the Nostr ecosystem.

• luminostr Luminostr is a recovery tool for Nostr that helps you retrieve and restore Addressable or Replaceable events (such as kind: 0, 3, 10002, 10000, etc.) from relays. It allows you to search for these events across multiple relays and optionally re-publish them to ensure their persistence.

• Nostr Bookmark Recovery Tool Nostr Bookmark Recovery Tool is a utility for retrieving and re-publishing past bookmark events ( kind:10003,30001,30003 ) from public relays. Rather than automatically selecting the latest version, it allows users to pick any previous version and overwrite the current one with it. This is useful for restoring a preferred snapshot of your bookmark list.

• Profile Editor Profile Editor is a simple tool for editing and publishing your Nostr profile (kind: 0 event). It allows you to update fields such as name, display name, picture, and about text, and then publish the updated profile to selected relays.

• nostr-bookmark-viewer Nostr Bookmark Viewer is a tool for viewing and editing Nostr bookmark events (kind: 10003, 30001, 30003). It allows users to load bookmark data from relays, browse saved posts, and optionally edit and publish their own bookmark lists.

• Nostr Note Duplicater Nostr Note Duplicater is a tool that rebroadcasts an existing Nostr event from a relay to other selected relays.

• もの画像サイト

• いろいろbotサイト

@ 318ebaba:9a262eae

Relays play a crucial role in the Nostr communication protocol, serving as the backbone of its decentralized architecture. Here’s an overview of their functions and significance:

Functions of Nostr Relays

• Data Storage and Broadcasting: Relays act as intermediaries that store and distribute messages between users. When a user sends a message, it is transmitted to one or more relays, which then broadcast that message to other connected clients. This decentralized approach ensures that no single entity controls the flow of information, enhancing censorship resistance[1][2][6].

• Interoperability: Users can connect to multiple relays simultaneously, allowing them to access the same content across different applications. This interoperability means that messages can be shared and retrieved from various clients without being tied to a specific platform, promoting a more flexible user experience[4][11].

• User Control: Anyone can run their own relay, which empowers users to maintain control over their data and interactions. By operating a personal relay, users can ensure that their messages are stored and accessible without relying on third-party services, thus enhancing privacy and security[3][7][11].

• Performance and Reliability: The performance of a Nostr client can be influenced by the relays it connects to. If a relay is slow or unreliable, it can affect the overall user experience. Users are encouraged to choose or add multiple relays to improve message delivery speed and reliability[7][8][11].

Types of Relays

• Public and Private Relays: There are both public and private relays available. Public relays are free to use, while private relays may charge fees. Paid relays often provide better performance and reduced spam, as the cost can deter malicious users from flooding the network with unwanted content[6][7][14].

• Self-Hosted Relays: For those who want maximum control and privacy, setting up a self-hosted relay is an option. This allows users to manage their own data and ensure that their communications are not subject to external censorship or data loss[4][7].

In summary, relays are essential to the Nostr protocol, facilitating decentralized communication by storing, broadcasting, and managing messages across a network of users. They enhance user autonomy, improve performance, and contribute to the overall resilience of the Nostr ecosystem. [1] https://www.voltage.cloud/blog/the-essential-guide-to-nostr-relays [2] https://substack.com/home/post/p-158872714?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web [3] https://www.purplerelay.com/how-to-run-a-nostr-relay-a-step-by-step-guide/ [4] https://medium.com/@michael.leigh.stewart/nostr-series-part-3-setting-up-a-relay-6f9ca426e43e [5] https://www.voltage.cloud/blog/understanding-nostr-data-storage-relays-and-decentralization [6] https://www.ccn.com/education/what-is-nostr-and-how-to-start-using-nostr/ [7] https://nostr.how/en/relays [8] https://blog.theya.us/what-is-nostr/ [9] https://www.cointribune.com/en/nostr-pour-les-debutants-tout-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-le-protocole-2/ [10] https://community.umbrel.com/t/introducing-the-official-nostr-relay-app/11339 [11] https://nostr.com/ [12] https://www.habyb.com/blog/nostr-what-is-this-protocol-and-how-does-it-work/ [13] https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/15jmhpi/purpose_of_free_vs_paid_relay/ [14] https://nostr.com/relays [15] https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/115cgcu/whats_the_point_of_adding_more_and_more_relays_do/ [16] https://messari.io/copilot/share/understanding-nostr-f00aa3df-d02c-4381-91f5-9a103b8e25ce

@ 318ebaba:9a262eae

Nostr, which stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays," is a decentralized communication protocol designed to facilitate the exchange of messages without relying on centralized servers. This innovative framework allows users to create, broadcast, and receive messages freely, emphasizing user empowerment and censorship resistance.

Key Features of Nostr

• Decentralization: Unlike traditional social media platforms, Nostr operates on a network of relays, which are servers that anyone can run. This structure eliminates the control that a single entity can exert over the platform, thereby reducing the risk of censorship and enhancing user privacy[1][4][5].

• Open Protocol: Nostr is not an application itself but a protocol that developers can use to build various applications. This openness allows for a wide range of services, from social media to messaging, all built on the same underlying technology. Users can access multiple applications using a single public/private key pair, making it easier to manage their online identities[2][3][4].

• Censorship Resistance: One of the primary motivations behind Nostr's creation is to provide a platform where users can communicate without fear of censorship. This is particularly appealing to those disillusioned with traditional social media platforms that often impose restrictions on content[5][10].

• User Control: Nostr empowers users by allowing them to control their data and interactions. Users can choose which relays to connect to and can run their own relays, ensuring that they are not dependent on any single service provider[4][5][7].

• Cryptographic Security: The protocol employs public-key cryptography to secure messages and verify identities, similar to how Bitcoin operates. This ensures that messages are authentic and have not been tampered with during transmission[5][10].

Applications and Community

Nostr has gained traction among various communities, particularly within the cryptocurrency space, where figures like Jack Dorsey and Edward Snowden have expressed support for its potential to reshape online communication. The protocol's design allows for a variety of applications, including social media platforms, chat services, and content sharing tools, all of which can interoperate seamlessly[2][3][5].

In summary, Nostr represents a significant shift in how digital communication can be structured, prioritizing decentralization, user autonomy, and resistance to censorship, making it a compelling alternative to conventional social media platforms. [1] https://threenine.blog/posts/what-is-nostr [2] https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2023/04/11/how-to-get-started-with-nostr/ [3] https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/07/17/your-guide-to-nostr-the-decentralized-network-for-everything/ [4] https://www.ledger.com/academy/glossary/nostr [5] https://river.com/learn/what-is-nostr/ [6] https://www.cointribune.com/en/comment-utiliser-nostr-guide-pour-debutants-2/ [7] https://www.ccn.com/education/what-is-nostr-and-how-to-start-using-nostr/ [8] https://nostr.com/ [9] https://mylessnider.com/articles/why-im-excited-about-nostr [10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostr [11] https://nostr.how/en/what-is-nostr [12] https://nostr.org/ [13] https://medium.com/@colaru/an-introduction-to-nostr-protocol-dbc774ac797c [14] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-nostr-manfred-van-doorn-nf9ce [15] https://www.cointribune.com/en/nostr-pour-les-debutants-tout-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir-sur-le-protocole-2/ [16] https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/17j5glg/do_people_in_this_sub_know_about_nostr/ [17] https://www.voltage.cloud/blog/the-essential-guide-to-nostr-relays [18] https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/1i6t4g7/explain_how_nostr_works_like_im_a_5_year_old/ [19] https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr

@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b

Originalni tekst na worldmein.com.

Autor: World Me In⚡₿itcoin Portal

---

Najčešća pitanja o bitcoinu

Što je bitcoin

Bitcoin je najstarija i najuspješnija kripto valuta na svijetu. Bitcoin svakodnevno puni naslovnice različitih medija diljem svijeta. Dok mnogi žele samo profitirati na njegovom uspjehu, drugi su ravnodušni ili čak skeptični. Nažalost malo je onih koji ga žele razumjeti. Zato svima vama koji ste sa čitanjem došli do ovog dijela želim čestitati! 😉

Danas je svatko u mogućnosti pridružiti se peer-to-peer mreži poznatoj kao Bitcoin. Mreža omogućava da bez pomoći treće strane (banka ili posrednik), sigurno sačuvate vrijednost tijekom vremena i da tu vrijednost bilo kome u bilo kojem trenutku možete poslati. Za razliku od današnjeg “normalnog” novca, bitcoin ima fiksan i transparentan raspored stvaranja i puštanja u optjecaj i taj raspored se ne može mijenjati po potrebi. Možemo ga smatrati cash-om interneta. Maksimalna količina bitcoina koji ikada može biti proizveden i pušten u optjecaj je 21 milijun (21.000.000).

Bitcoin sa velikim početnim B se koristi kada se o Bitcoinu priča u kontekstu mreže odnosno na razini protokola dok se bitcoin sa malim početnim b koristi kada se o bitcoinu priča kao o novcu ili valuti. Isto tako, u izvornom engleskom jeziku bitcoin nema množinu. Termin bitcoin se upotrebljava i kada govorimo o jednom bitcoinu i kada govorimo o više od jednog bitcoina. Nije ispravno reći „I will send you my bitcoins“ nego se kaže „I will send you my bitcoin“ i pri tome se misli na slanje više od jednog bitcoina. Kod nas ispravno je reći poslati ću ti bitcoin a ne poslati ću ti bitcoine. S obzirom da naš jezik ima svoje specifičnosti ispravno je reći 2 bitcoina a ne 2 bitcoin. Uglavnom, bitcoin nema množinu.

Bitcoin kao digitalna valuta potaknula je mnogobrojne rasprave o tehnologiji, novcu i ulaganju. Pojedinci bitcoin vide kao najobičnije sredstvo špekulacije i opisuju ga kao samo još jedan tržišni balon, dok drugi govore o tehnološkoj inovaciji, monetarnoj revoluciji ili čak sredstvu koja nas može izbaviti iz ralja postojećeg monetarnog sustava.

Razne zemlje, poput npr. Kine, bitcoin vide kao prijetnju te su mu objavile „rat“. Neke pak druge države svijeta i njihove vlade, države poput El Salvadora, priznale su bitcoin kao zakonito sredstvo plaćanja u nadi da će to potaknuti gospodarski rast.

Zašto je bitcoin važan

Sigurno ste se zapitali barem jednom u posljednjih nekoliko godina čemu sva ta pompa oko bitcoina? Gotovo je nemoguće danas otvoriti bilo koji internetski portal s vijestima ili neku aplikaciju društvenih mreža a da vas ne dočeka neki oblik informacije koji se tiče bitcoina ili ostalih kripto valuta. Jednostavno se možete zapitati zašto bi netko želio uopće želio posjedovati bitcoin? Odgovor na to pitanje je veoma jednostavan. Sve više i više ljudi shvaća da je u mogućnosti zaista posjedovati nešto što je digitalno, nešto što je nemoguće krivotvoriti i nešto što vam je nemoguće oduzeti ukoliko se sami toga dobrovoljno ne odreknete.

Bitcoin je otporan na cenzuru te omogućuje kriptografski sigurna prekogranična plaćanja. Budući da za provedbu takvih transakcija nije zadužena niti jedna osoba ili skupina (treća strana), to je prvi i jedini primjer prave deficitarne digitalne imovine. Stoga, na bitcoin ne može utjecati nijedna svjetska vlada.

Sudar svjetova

Tokom prošlosti kao sredstvo plaćanja korišteni plemeniti metali koji su kasnije zamijenjeni gotovinom u obliku kovanica i papirnih novčanica. Njihova prednost je ta da mogu biti spremljeni i trošeni neovisno o trećim stranama. Izreka “gotovina je sloboda” vrlo dobro ilustrira tu karakteristiku. Međutim, nedostatak plemenitih metala i gotovine je što ih je teško (gotovo nemoguće i potpuno nepraktično) koristiti u digitalnom internetskom prostoru. Nakon naglog rasta internetske trgovine, debitne i kreditne kartice su te koje su preuzele primat u plaćanjima u internetskom prostoru.

Danas kada velika većina ljudi koristi digitalni novac (koji se nalazi samo kao digitalni zapis na njihovim bankovnim računima) umjesto gotovine, rizici druge ugovorne strane s kojima se suočavaju rastu. Što to točno znači rizik druge strane? Ako npr. financijska institucija (banka) objavi da je postala nelikvidna, ušteđevina klijenata u tom slučaju može biti nepovratno izgubljena (bez obzira što države garantiraju da su depoziti do 100.000 eura u bankama osigurani i da će država u tako nekom slučaju namiriti taj dug svojim građanima). Ili, npr. kao što se tokom 2013. godine dogodilo na Cipru gdje je podizanje gotovine bilo ograničeno, uvedene su kapitalne kontrole i prisilno je izvlašten novac sa štednih računa građana. Jednom odlukom vlastodržaca u toj zemlji preko noći ljudi su ostali bez svoje ušteđevine. Ili, kao što je to slučaj danas u „razvijenim zapadnim demokracijama“ banka je jednostrano u mogućnosti svojem klijentu zabraniti da npr. pošalje novac svojoj obitelji na Kubu, Iran ili neku drugu zemlju. Ukoliko i uspiju svoj novac poslati kome žele, posrednička naknada (naknada treće strane za tu uslugu) će im zasigurno ostaviti gorak okus u ustima. Svi ovi i slični slučajevi predstavljaju rizik treće strane gdje su ljudi ostavljeni na milost ili nemilost sustava koji može dopustiti ali i bez objašnjenja zabraniti ovakve transakcije. Zbog sve više i više „nametnika“ poput banaka i parazitskih birokratskih institucija ljudi gube kontrolu nad svojim novcem.

S prelaskom s papirnog na digitalni novac koji je samo zabilješka na bankovnim računima, odrekli smo se kontrole nad vlastitim novcem. Ali do sada odnosno do izuma bitcoina, ovaj nedostatak je bila cijena koja se morala platiti ukoliko se željelo sudjelovati u „digitaliziranom životu“.

Bitcoin nudi rješenje za ovaj problem. Kao digitalni novac, idealan je za korištenje u digitalnom internetskom prostoru. U isto vrijeme, bitcoin se može čuvati kao digitalno vlasništvo bez potrebe oslanjanja na treće strane (banke) koja ih za nas može čuvati. Dakle, vlasnici bitcoina isti mogu čuvati u obliku privatnih ključeva. Ti privatni ključevi mogu se smatrati kao lozinke kojima se bitcoinu pristupa a koji se uvijek nalazi na blockchainu. Te privatne ključeve pojedinac može čuvati na način na koji god želi. Baš kao i gotovinu može ih spremiti ispod madraca ali puno mudrije bi bilo tih nekoliko riječi koje služe kao lozinka naučiti i zapamtiti.

Blockchain je banka. Banka koja je u vlasništvu svih nas a istovremeno nije u ničijem vlasništvu. Banka u koju nitko nema prvenstvo pristupa bez obzira koliko novca (bitcoina) u njoj ima, bez obzira odakle dolazi, koje je boje kože ili kojih je političkih ili vjerskih uvjerenja. Blockchain je banka koja nikome nikada neće niti može onemogućiti da svoj bitcoin pošalje kome god želi i kada god to želi. Blockchain nema bankarskog službenika kojemu se danas možda radi a možda i ne, koji može raditi greške u svom poslu i koji može biti potkupljen da nešto protupravno napravi. Blockchain je banka u kojoj smo svi apsolutno jednaki. Nema jednakih i jednakijih.

Savršeni trenutak

Bitcoin je nastao usred globalne financijske krize 2008/09. U prvom bloku Bitcoin blockchaina – koji se još naziva i blok nastanka (Genesis blok) – Satoshi Nakamoto ostavio je sakrivenu snažnu poruka. U toj poruci citirao je naslov objavljen 3.siječnja 2009. godine u novinama The Times koji kaže: Premijerka samo što nije odobrila drugi paket mjera kako bi se spasile banke. („Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks“).

Satoshi Nakamoto je ovim činom izrazio svoju kritiku prema državama i političarima koji njima upravljaju a koja je zajednička svim Cypherpunksima. Tokom financijske krize 2008. središnje državne banke u optjecaj pustile su goleme količine novo isprintanog novca kako bi spasile banke. Cijenu tog spašavanja platili su obični ljudi poput mene i vas jer je naš novac i naša ušteđevina izgubila vrijednost. Vrijednost je izgubila jer je novac koji je stvoren iz ničega i dan bankama obezvrijedio naš novac koji je zarađen radom. Puštanje novca u optjecaj na ovakav način uzrokuje inflaciju a inflaciju najlakše opisujemo kao smanjenje kupovne moći. Svima je jasno i svi na svojoj koži osjećaju da 100 eura danas može kupiti puno manje nego je tih istih 100 eura moglo kupiti prije godinu dana. To je inflacija ili skriveni porez koji svi mi zajedno plaćamo. Ali mi ga plaćamo novcem koji moramo zaraditi a države i banke ga plaćaju novcem koji si stvore prema potrebi i u količinama koje su im potrebne. To je surova realnost današnjeg svijeta i to je razlog nepovjerenja Cypherpunksa u države i njihove središnje banke te je učvrstila njihovo uvjerenje da je svima potreban novac koji je apsolutno odvojen od države koja njime upravlja.

Danas, svi oni koji su u potpunosti shvatili ovo, odnosno razumjeli bitcoin ujedinjeni su u borbi, u mirnom prosvjedu kojim se traži odvajanje države od novca.

Ista situacija, samo u obimu koji je značajno veći od onoga u 2008/2009. ponovila se nakon izbijanja Covid-19 histerije. Samo u 2020., u SAD-u količina novca u optjecaju povećana je za gotovo 50%. Europska Unija nije ništa bolja po tom pitanju. Printeri novca se ne gase kako se to popularno kaže. Posljedice toga su iznimno niske kamatne stope a lako dostupan novac diže cijene svih dobara i usluga. Povećanje cijena obezvrjeđuje novac onima koji ga štede i to je inflacija.

Kako se zaštiti od obezvrjeđivanja novca

Bitcoin je pokrenut vjerojatno u najboljem mogućem trenutku. Rijetko kada je pitanje novca bilo relevantnije nego danas. Sa svojom apsolutno ograničenom količinom od 21 milijun, bitcoin predstavlja potpunu suprotnost beskrajno rastućim bilancama stanja središnjih banaka. Njegova ograničena količina predstavlja zaštitu od obezvrjeđenja vašeg novca, kao što je to slučaj sa svim danas izdanim valutama od strane centralnih banaka koje svakodnevno gube vrijednost.

Zbog svog jedinstvenog dizajna, bitcoin je stvoren da osigurava očuvanje kupovne moći tijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja. Budući da je bitcoin sam po sebi već rijedak, u svojstvu očuvanja vrijednosti bolji je čak i od zlata. Nova količina zlata koja dolazi u optjecaj svake godine kreće se otprilike od 1-2% godišnje u odnosu na postojeću dostupnu količinu zlata. Osim toga, troškovi pohrane i „transporta“ bitcoina u usporedbi sa zlatom znatno su niži, što također dodaje vrijednost tijekom vremena.

Zaštita imovine

Još jedan problem koji bitcoin savršeno rješava je zaštita imovine. Gotovina ili zlato da bi se zaštitili od krađe moraju se pohraniti najčešće u bankovnim sefovima a to sa sobom povlači znatne troškove (posebno u slučaju zlata). Pokušajte si samo zamisliti troškove transporta i osiguranja zlata sa jednog mjesta na drugo ili iz jedne u drugu zemlju. Bitcoin je potpuna suprotnost tako nečemu. Trošak pohrane i „transporta“ bitcoina gotovo je ravan nuli. Čak i znatne količine bitcoina koje pojedinac želi premjestiti sa jednog dijela svijeta na drugi (milijarde eura vrijednosti) imaju isti trošak kao i da želi premjestiti samo nekoliko eura vrijednosti. Svaki pojedinac to može učiniti na isti način a to je da zna svoj privatni ključ s kojim pristupa svojem bitcoina a koji se najčešće sastoji od sekvence os 12 ili 24 riječi. Jednom memorirana i nakon toga fizički uništena sekvenca riječi zauvijek osigurava da vaš bitcoin ne može biti ukraden ili oduzet. Ta riječna sekvenca osigurava vaš bitcoin na blockchainu i omogućuje vam da mu pristupite bilo kada i bilo gdje na svijetu. Osigurava vam da ukoliko to želite, svoj bitcoin sa sobom ponesete i u grob.

Kako bitcoin funkcionira

Osnovna zamisao iza Bitcoin mreže je ta da je ona decentralizirana. Pod pojmom decentralizacije prvenstveno se podrazumijeva da ni jedan sudionik mreže samostalno nema mogućnost da nameće ili mijenja pravila na temelju kojih mreža funkcionira. Upravljanje mrežom je decentralizirano i moć upravljanja raspoređena je svima koji u mreži sudjeluju. Ovo je fundamentalna osobina mreže je ni jedan pojedinac, ni jedna tvrtka niti bilo koja vlada neke države nije u mogućnosti „zauzeti“ mrežu i samostalno promijeniti pravila. Pravila se mogu izmijeniti samo zajedničkim konsenzusom svih sudionika na mreži.

Veoma pojednostavljenim jezikom, funkcioniranje Bitcoin mreže bazira se na tome da svaki sudionik mreže (tu se podrazumijevaju sudionici koji imaju pokrenut Bitcoin node ili mrežni Bitcoin čvor) u svakom trenutku na svom mrežnom čvoru ima identičnu kopiju knjige svih transakcija (tzv. Bitcoin ledger ili glavna knjiga). Kako rezultat toga, svi sudionici na mreži uvijek znaju tko posjeduje koju količinu bitcoina. Nitko ne može tvrditi da posjeduje određenu količinu bitcoina koju zapravo ne posjeduje jer se to jednostavno može provjeriti u vlastitoj kopiji knjige svih transakcija koja je pohranjena na vašem mrežnom čvoru.

Prije nastanka Bitcoina, decentralizirane mreže uvijek su se suočavale s dva velika izazova. Prvi izazov bio je kako osigurati da svaki sudionik na mreži dobije najnovija ažuriranja koja sadrže sve informacije o promjenama u vlasništvu odnosno informacije o tome koliko bitcoina promijenilo vlasnika. Drugi izazov bio je kako sudionici mreže mogu s apsolutnom sigurnošću potvrditi da su informacije koje su zaprimili o promjenama u vlasništvu apsolutno točne.

Lanac blokova (Blockchain)

Lanac blokova ili blockchain tehnologija dala je odgovor na ova pitanja. Korištenjem blockchaina informacije se pohranjuju kronološkim redom kako i nastaju. U slučaju bitcoina sve informacije od samog puštanja u rad mreže pohranjene su u stotinama tisuća blokova koji su međusobno povezani i koji zajedno čine lanac blokova odnosno blockchain. Svaki sudionik mreže ima mogućnost provjeriti tko posjeduje koju količinu bitcoina prateći povijest transakcija na blockchainu. Dakle, ako netko želi poslati bitcoin nekome drugome jednostavno je za provjeriti da li on zaista i posjeduje tu količinu bitcoina.

Sigurno se pitate pa da, ali ovaj mehanizam uopće nije revolucionaran kako je to predstavljeno. Svaka banka danas ima identičan zapis (bazu podataka) u kojoj u svakom trenutku može provjeriti koje je stanje na račun bilo kojeg korisnika ili provjeriti povijest svih njegovih transakcija. Ako npr. neki klijent banke želi poslati određenu količinu eura sa svojeg računa na neki drugi račun banka će jednostavno provjeriti da li korisnik na svom računu ima potrebnu količinu eura za slanje ili je ta količina eura već potrošena pa stoga takvo transakciju nije moguće obaviti. Jedinstvena karakteristika bitcoin blockchaina za razliku od baze podataka koju ima banka je ta da isti nije pohranjen na samo jednom centralnom mjestu (središnjem serveru banke) nego je identična kopija pohranjena na svim računalima (bitcoin mrežnim čvorovima) koji se danas nalaze u gotovo svakom kutku svijeta i kojih je danas već preko 30.000. Ova karakteristika je ujedno i razlog zašto Bitcoin mrežu nije jednostavno „napasti“, zaustaviti ili ugasiti. Da bi se tako nešto izvelo potrebno je ugasiti apsolutno svaki bitcoin čvor na svijetu istovremeno.

Međutim, blockchain se susreće s izazovom da svaki sudionik mreže s apsolutnom sigurnošću može potvrditi da li je njegova kopija lanca blokova točna i da pogrešne ili lažne transakcije ne budu unešene u njegovu kopiju glavne knjige. Budući da se novi blokovi (blokovi sadrže novonastale transakcije) dodaju u blockchain otprilike svakih 10 minuta, veličina blockchaina konstantno raste i mora se kontinuirano ažurirati na svim računalima koja su priključena na mrežu.

Svi novi blokovi koji se nadovezuju na postojeći lanac blokova moraju se moći provjeriti od strane svakog mrežnog sudionika. Ova provjera vrši se pomoću pravila koja su definirana u računalnom kodu Bitcoin mreže i koja ne mogu biti izmijenjena. Ova pravila točno definiraju koje transakcije su dopuštene, a koje nisu. Svaki korisnik koji preuzme kopiju blockchaina na svoje računalo može provjeriti jesu li sve transakcije u skladu s postavljenim pravilima. Ako neka nova transakcija nije u skladu s pravilima tj. ako je netočna ili lažna, sudionici mreže je odbijaju (sudionici mreže koji na svojim računalima imaju pohranjen cjelokupni lanac blokova) i ne uključuju je u blockchain.

Dokaz o radu (Proof-of-Work) i rudarenje

Bitcoin funkcionira na principu korištenja mehanizma dokaza o radu. Da bi netko u lanac blokova dodao novi blok mora pružiti dokaz o radu. Taj dokaz o radu je ujedno i mehanizam koji ograničava da u lanac blokova bilo tko i bilo kada može dodati novi blok. Da tog mehanizma nema mreža bi vjerojatno već odavno bila propala i zaboravljena. Kako bi netko pronašao novi blok i uključio ga u postojeći lanac blokova mora uložiti rad u njegovo pronalaženje. Kao nagradu za pronalazak bloka i njegovo uključivanje u lanac blokova nalaznik je nagrađen novim bitcoinom kao i transakcijskim naknadama sadržanim u ovom novom bloku. Nakon što je novi blok pronađen i dodan u lanac blokova ovaj proces započinje ispočetka.

Ovaj proces traženja novog bloka naziva se rudarenje. U procesu ovog digitalnog rudarenja, rudari su ti koji na svojim specijaliziranim računalima izvršavaju matematičku hash funkciju (SHA-256 algoritam) u potrazi za određenim brojevima. Hash broj prethodnog bloka, transakcije trenutnog bloka i nasumični broj (nonce) zajedno se stavljaju u hash funkciju. Ovaj nasumični broj mijenja se sve dok hash funkcija kao rezultat ne izbaci rezultat s minimalnim brojem potrebnih vodećih nula. Na primjer, blok 767700, pronađen 16. prosinca 2022. godine, imao je važeći hash broj: 00000000000000000001f923407f16129a16e0b15122f6750444b44ceff86c37.

Proces rudarenja ima dvije primarne funkcije: Prva je da blokove povezuje na matematičko-kriptografski način tako da svi koji to žele jednostavno mogu provjeriti redoslijed njihovog nastanka. Istovremeno, mehanizam dokaza rada gotovo nemogućim čini da se taj redoslijed stavljanja blokova u lanac izmjeni. Druga funkcija je ta da isti taj mehanizam dokaza rada funkcionira na način da svaki novi blok u lanac blokova dodaje otprilike svakih 10 minuta. To vrijeme između dva nova bloka dovoljno je da svi sudionici na mreži diljem svijeta imaju dovoljno vremena da svoju kopiju blockchaina ažuriraju na najnovije stanje.

Kao zaključak, rudari su ti koji održavaju Bitcoin mrežu aktivnom. Procesom rudarenja, sve nove transakcije se obrađuju i dodaju u lanac blokova. Bitcoin čvorovi (node) čuvaju kopije glavne knjige. Programski kod koji se na njima izvršava brine se da se poštuju pravila i osigurava da nijedna lažna transakcija ne bude dodana u lanac blokova.

21 milion

Ukupan broj bitcoina koji ikada može biti kreiran je 21 milion. To je definirano osnovnim programskim kodom na kojem bitcoin počiva i ta konstanta ne može biti izmijenjena. Kako se svakih desetak minuta u lanac blokova dodaje novi blok kao posljedica dokaza rada rudara, tako oni za svaki taj novi blok pripojen postojećem lancu blokova dobivaju bitcoin kao nagradu. Visina te nagrade za svaki novi blok također je definirana osnovnim programskim bitcoin kodom. Kao i u prethodnom slučaju ta konstanta također ne može biti izmijenjena. Raspored izdavanja novog bitcoina rudarima za njihov rad poštuje strogi raspored.

Kada je Bitcoin mreža tek pokrenuta, programski kod je rudarima dodjeljivao 50 novih bitcoina za svaki novi blok dodan u lanac blokova odnosno otprilike svakih desetak minuta. Četiri godine nakon pokretanja Bitcoin mreže, broj bitcoina koji se dodjeljuje rudarima za njihov rad se prepolovio i iznosio je 25 novih bitcoina za svaki novi blok odnosno svakih desetak minuta. Taj predefinirani proces naziva se prepolovljavanje (halving). Do prepolovljavanja broja bitcoina koji se dodjeljuje rudarima za njihov rad dolazi otprilike svake 4 godine odnosno nakon 220.000 novih blokova dodanih u lanac blokova. Do danas na ovakav način izdano je već preko 19 miliona bitcoina a trenutna nagrada za novi blok iznosi 6,25 bitcoina. Slijedeći ovaj predefinirani raspored dodavanja novih blokova u lanac blokova i izdavanja novog bitcoina pretpostavlja se da će zadnji bitcoin biti izdan negdje 2140. godine. Nakon toga, rudari će za svoj rad biti kompenzirani samo kroz transakcijske naknade.

Ta apsolutno ograničena količina bitcoina koji ikada može postojati jedno je od njegovih temeljnih svojstava te ga čini iznimno rijetkom te stoga i vrijednom „robom“. Ova apsolutno ograničena količina također je važan preduvjet za funkciju bitcoina kao sredstva koje služi za pohranu vrijednosti tijekom duljeg vremenskog razdoblja i to je razlog zašto se bitcoin još naziva i digitalnim zlatom.

Uzimajući u obzir sve navedene značajke Bitcoin mreže veoma je jednostavno shvatiti važnost i vrijednost ovog izuma. Prvi put u povijesti postoji digitalna „roba“ koja ne može biti kopirana ili duplicirana nego je apsolutno ograničena brojem jedinica koje ikada mogu postojati.

Ove jedinice bitcoina se doista mogu posjedovati. Samo osoba koja posjeduje odgovarajući privatni ključ (privatni ključ se može smatrati i kao lozinka) kojim se pristupa nekoj bitcoin adresi na kojoj se određena količina bitcoina nalazi, može taj bitcoin poslati nekome drugome na neku drugu bitcoin adresu. Bez ovog privatnog ključa bitcoinu u nečijem vlasništvu nije moguće pristupiti te stoga niti moguće ukrasti, zaplijeniti ili blokirati. Vlasniku tog bitcoina koji je zaštićen privatnim ključem omogućena je apsolutna kontrola nad svojim financijskim resursima, bez obzira da li je taj pojedinac bogat, siromašan ili kriminalac, bez obzira da li je politički disident ili izbjeglica, bez obzira odakle dolazi ili koja su njegova vjerska uvjerenja. Po prvi put od izuma računala, moguće je uistinu posjedovati digitalnu imovinu.

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Izum i nastanak Bitcoina

Kada govorimo o bitcoinu i njegovim počecima moramo se vratiti sve do početka devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Davne 1992. godine grupa računalnih stručnjaka, istomišljenika iz Kaliforniji okupila se na jednoj email listi putem koje su razmjenjivali ideje o kriptografiji, matematici, politici i filozofiji. Nazivali su se „Cypherpunks“. – igra riječima koji dolazi od cyberpunka (osoba iz sci-fi, znanstveno-fantastične literature koja je skeptična prema društvu općenito) i riječi cipher koja znači nešto šifrirati.

Cypherpunksi su ubrzo postali veoma šarolika ekipa koja je dolazila iz svih krajeva svijeta. Unatoč svojim različitim uvjerenjima oko svega i svačega, zajedničko uvjerenje im je bilo da da će internet uskoro postati jedno od najspornijih područja ljudske slobode. Kako bi se zaštitili od rastućih mehanizama kontrole, nadzora i cenzure na internetu te kako bi očuvali slobodan i otvoren internet, Cypherpunksi su upotrijebili moćno „oružje“: kriptografiju. Informacije koje su međusobno dijelili uspješno su šifrirali tako da nisu mogle biti vidljive onima kojima te informacije nisu bile namijenjene.

Cypherpunksi su u svom manifestu iz 1993. izjavili: “Cypherpunksi pišu [računalni] kod. Znamo da netko mora napisati softver za obranu privatnosti, a budući da ne možemo dobiti privatnost ako to ne učinimo svi, mi ćemo ga napisati.“

Kriptografija sama po sebi nije dovoljna za slobodan internet. Cypherpunksi su bili svjesni da Internet ne može biti uistinu slobodan ako nema svoj vlastiti novac odnosno valutu. Novac koji je neovisan o državama, središnjim bankama i tvrtkama; kripto valuta koja je pravedna i decentralizirana baš kao i sam Internet.

Put do bitcoina

Put do funkcionalnog i neovisnog digitalnog novca isprepleten je mnogobrojnim tehničkim izazovima. Davne 1990. godine kriptograf David Chaum stvorio je eCash koja se smatra prvom kripto valutom. Iako nije bila decentralizirana, zahvaljujući tada već poznatim metodama kriptografije osiguravala je dovoljnu razinu anonimnosti. Usprkos tome, eCash se nije uspio nametnuti kao dovoljno jak igrač te je izgubio tržišnu utakmicu u srazu sa ostalim kompanijama koje su razvijale sustave plaćanja koji bi se koristili na mreži odnosno na Internetu. Tvrtka koja stoji iza eCash projekta nakon nekoliko godina postojanja podnijela je zahtjev za stečaj te je eCash kao projekt ugašen.

Bilo je i dosta drugih pokušaja stvaranja sustava plaćanja koji bi nativno služili za plaćanja na mreži a među njima se ponajviše istaknuo projekt E-Gold. E-Gold je bila kripto valuta koja je svoje pokriće imala u zlatu i bila je otvorena svima koji su ju željeli koristiti. E-Gold projekt pokrenut je tijekom dot-com ere 1996. godine. Na svom vrhuncu putem kripto valute procesuirano je transakcija ukupne vrijednosti gotovo 2 milijarde američkih dolara.

Problem E-gold projekta je bio taj što je bio kontroliran od strane jedne središnje institucije i stoga je bio osjetljiv na napade (eng. single point of failure). Kada je E-Gold postao poznato ime na tržištu uslijedili su problemi pravne prirode. Američka vlada poduzela je pravne korake kako bi zaustavila daljnji razvoj projekta i njegovo širenje na tržištu. Američki sud 2008. godine proglasio je E-Gold krivim pod optužbom za pranje novca i kršenje Patriot Acta. Iz tog razloga projekt E-Gold moramo je biti ugašen te je sva imovina zamrznuta i oduzeta.

Ova dva i još nekoliko sličnih propalih projekata ukazali su na dvije jako bitne činjenice. Prvo, i eCash i E-Gold imali su kolateral koji je na neki način bio garancija i odraz njihove vrijednosti. Upravo ti kolaterali pokazali su se kao slaba točka jer su ga vlade država jednostavno mogle zaplijeniti. Iz tog razloga, kripto valuta kojoj su težili Cypherpunksi nije smjela imati jednu slabu odnosno centralnu točku napada kao npr.: da iza nje stoji neka kompanija sa bankovnim računom, da ima pohranjen kolateral (zlato) u nekoj od banaka ili da se nalazi smještena na nekom centraliziranom web serveru. Drugo, da vlade i regulatori nemaju interesa oko digitalnog novca koji je neovisan o državi.

Nakon ovakvih slučajeva i dalje je postojalo pitanje na koje odgovora još uvijek nije bilo. Kako uspostaviti nezavisan digitalni novac koji neće imati entitet koji će iza njega stajati i koji će voditi evidenciju o svim transakcijama i osiguravati da jedan iznos ne može biti dva puta potrošen (double spend problem). Uostalom, kada bi i bilo moguće riješiti problem dvostrukog trošenja bez oslanjanja na jedan centralni entitet, moguće bi bilo stvoriti „besplatni“ digitalni novac koji je komplementaran i prirodan dodatak Internetu.

Besprijekoran i mističan čin nastanka

Svi ovi prethodno navedeni razlozi tjerali su Cypherpunkse da razmišljaju o načinu kako dizajnirati kripto valutu koja neće imati jedan centralni entitet koji će iza nje stajati te koja neće imati kolateral. Dva najpoznatija koncepta koji nikada nisu zaživjeli bili su b-money (1998) i BitGold (2005). Ta dva teoretska koncepta svojim dizajnom najviše su se približili bitcoinu. Par javnog i privatnog ključa bio je osnova za enkripciju, dok je dokaz rada (Proof-of-Work) trebao poslužiti kao sredstvo koje će se koristiti za izdavanje novih količina digitalne valute koina (Coins). U svom „manifestu“ u tzv. bijeloj knjizi (Whitepaper), tvorac bitcoina je potvrdio da je prije objave svog rješenja bio upoznat s konceptima b-money i Bit Gold.

Međutim, ova dva koncepta oslanjala su se na sistem glasovanja kojim se upravlja temeljnim konsenzusom protokola („dogovor“ oko toga tko je vlasnik koje količine monetarne vrijednosti u datom trenutku). Taj sustav glasovanja je bio slaba točka oba konceptualna rješenja. Predstavljao je potencijalni vektor napada zlonamjernih strana putem kojeg se moglo utjecati na izbore prilikom glasanja o izmjenama temeljnog konsenzusa i na taj način se moglo utjecati na količinu izdanog digitalnog novca te ograničavanje prava vlasništva.

Rješenje za ovaj posljednji problem, koji je još nije bio riješen na putu stvaranja novog internetskog novca, predstavljeno u petak, 31. listopada. 2008 godine. Toga je dana Cypherpunksima na njihov email poslan Bitcoin Whitepaper, u kojem Satoshi Nakamoto objašnjava svoj koncept decentralizirane mreže za plaćanja na internetu. Dva mjeseca kasnije, 3. siječnja 2009., Bitcoin mreža puštena je u rad i do dan danas nikada nije imala niti jednu sekundu da nije bila aktivna.

Prve reakcije na ovu novu mrežu nisu bile previše zapažene. Nekoliko entuzijasta sa email liste Cypherpunksa počelo je mrežu testirati i prijavljivati pogreške. U početku je, međutim, uglavnom sam Satoshi Nakamoto održavao mrežu. Ali vijesti o novom Internetskom novcu polako su se počele širiti računalnim i tehničkim forumima što je dovelo do toga da je i interes za korištenjem mreže rastao iz dana u dan. Nakon godinu funkcioniranja Bitcoin mreža već bilježi znatan broj korisnika ali ipak, sam bitcoin još uvijek nije imao monetarnu vrijednost.

Satoshi Nakamoto

Ime Satoshi Nakamoto pojavilo se i na Bitcoin Whitepaperu i u potpisu emaila poslanog na prethodno spomenutu email listu. Stvarni identitet tvorca Bitcoina i dan danas je još uvijek nepoznat. Iz svih dostupnih podataka i mnogobrojnih istraživanja na tu temu daje se zaključiti da je ime Satoshi Nakamoto ipak samo nadimak a ne pravo ime stvarne osobe. Satoshi Nakamoto za svoju korespondenciju koristio je tri različite email adrese koja je jako dobro kriptirao tako da se stvarnom pošiljatelju tih mailova nikada nije uspjelo ući u trag.

Do danas, mnogi pojedinci pokušali su uz svoje ime vezati genijalnost koja stoji iza izuma bitcoin i sebe proglasiti Satoshi Nakamotom. No ipak, do sada nitko od njih nije uspio pružiti definitivne dokaze za to. Nitko od svih ovih lažnih pretendenata na tron nije dokazao da kontrolira adrese za koje se pretpostavlja da se na njima nalazi bitcoin koji pripada Satoshi Nakamotu. Da bi netko dokazao da je tvorac bitcoina mora biti u mogućnosti sa tih adresa poslati bitcoin na neku drugu bitcoin adresu. To može jedino ako posjeduju privatne ključeve za te adresu s kojima može potpisati transakciju s kojom bi bitcoin bio poslan na neku drugu adresu. Do danas, nitko nije pružio dokaz za to.

Danas postoji relativno mali broj ljudi koji su „osobno” (putem interneta) komunicirali sa Satoshi Nakamotom. Dana 12. prosinca 2010., Satoshi Nakamoto je poslao svoju posljednju poruku široj Bitcoin zajednici. Nakamoto je nastavio komunicirati sa užim krugom programera i nastavio ih informirati o stanju Bitcoin mreže. Tokom travnja 2011. godine Satoshi Nakamoto poslao je svoju zadnju poruku i ovom najužem krugu programera. Nakamoto se nakon ovoga do danas više nikada nikome nije javio. Kako se misteriozne pojavio 2008. tako je i misteriozno nestao 2011. godine.

Genesis address ili prva adresa ikad na koju je poslan bitcoin je A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa. Za tu adresu se smatra da je u vlasništvu Satoshi Nakamota koji je osobno na nju poslao bitcoin koji je inicijalno izrudaren. Ukoliko upotrijebite bitcoin block explorer (pretraživač bitcoin blokova) na web stranici www.mempool.space možete vidjeti da je ta adresa primila bitcoin u više od 3,500 transakcija dok ne postoji niti jedna transakcija koja pokazuje da je sa te adrese bitcoin poslan na neku drugu adresu. Zasigurno se pitate zašto je u više od 3,500 transakcija bitcoin poslan na prvu ikad stvorenu bitcoin adresu. Sve te transakcije sadrže neki mali, simboličan iznos bitcoina ali se mogu shvatiti kao čin odavanja počasti tvorcu bitcoina Satoshi Nakamotu.

Bitcoin Pizza

Kako je Bitcoin u početku zapravo stekao svoju vrijednost? Bitcoin se u početku mogao „rudariti“ i slati među korisnicima mreže ali sam po sebi nije imao nikakvu monetarnu vrijednost. Pored toga, jako mali broj ljudi je uopće znao za bitcoin i kako ga koristiti.

Prva događaj koji je bitcoinu ikad dodijelio neku monetarna vrijednost dogodio se 22.svibnja.2010. godine kada se na bitcointalk.org forumu pojavio neobičan oglas. Tada 28-godišnji muškarac po imenu Laszlo Hanyecz s Floride ponudio je 10.000 bitcoina u zamjenu za dvije pizze koje će biti dostavljene na njegovu adresu. Tu ponudu je prihvatio jedan student iz Californije koji je na njegovu adresu poslao dvije pizze u vrijednosti od 41$. Za uzvrat, Laszlo Hanyecz poslao mu je 10.000 bitcoina. Od tog dana, 22. svibanj u bitcoin zajednici slavi se kao bitcoin Pizza dan. Taj dan postao je bitan jer je definirao 3 stvari:

• bitcoin je od tada imao vrijednost,
• bitcoin je prikladan kao sredstvo razmjene i plaćanja i
• bitcoin kao valuta je deflatoran (broj bitcoina koji tokom vremena ulaze u cirkulaciju je sve manji i manji te je to pretpostavka za povećanje njegove vrijednosti)

Te dvije pizze bit će zapamćene kao dvije najskuplje na svijetu ikada. Ukoliko se u obzir uzme najveća do sada ikad zabilježena cijena bitcoina od otprilike 69.000 dolara te dvije pizze plaćene su 690 miliona dolara. Isto tako, primatelj tih 10.000 bitcoina iste je također nedugo nakon što ih je dobio prodao te je s tim novcem financirao privatno putovanje. Primjenjujući istu logiku najviše cijene bitcoina može se zaključiti da je to putovanje vjerojatno najskuplje ikad plaćeno putovanje.

Ovaj primjer s pizzom najbolje ilustrira veoma popularan izraz među ljudima koji bitcoin drže na duge staze. Izraz HODLing izvedenica je iz engleske riječi holding što znači držati. Držanje bitcoina u ovom smislu podrazumijeva držanje bitcoina „zauvijek“. Zašto bi netko uopće prodao svoj bitcoin ako je gotovo izvjesno (što i povijesni podaci pokazuju) da će vrijednost bitcoina s protekom vremena samo rasti.

Što bitcoinu daje vrijednost

Najveću vrijednost bitcoinu daje njegova iznimna rijetkost. Maksimalna količina bitcoina koja ikada može postojati je 21 milijun (21.000.000). Svatko tko ima pristup najobičnijem računalu može jednostavno sam za sebe provjeriti tu osobinu bitcoina. Ogromna računalna snaga dedicirana je konstantno kako bi se osiguravala točnost i ispravnost decentralizirane glavne knjige bitcoina. Glavna knjiga (Ledger) je zapis svih transakcija koje su se ikada na Bitcoin mreži desile. Mreža doslovno plaća ljudima da održavaju taj integritet (u obliku nagrada za rudarenje) i da djeluju u dobroj vjeri. Cijena bitcoina jednostavno je određena ponudom i potražnjom za njim na burzi.

Isto tako, bitcoin se može promatrati sa stajališta evolucije novca. Koristeći modernu terminologiju, novac se uvijek razvija u sljedeće četiri faze:

1. Kolekcionarski predmeti: U prvoj fazi svoje evolucije, novac će se tražiti isključivo na temelju njegovih osebujnih svojstava. Predmeti u ovom stadiju najčešće su strast kolekcionara ili manjeg kruga posjednika. Školjke, perle i zlato bili su kolekcionarski predmeti prije nego što su prerasli u više kategorije oblika novca.
2. Pohrana vrijednosti: Nakon što ga bude tražen od dovoljnog broja ljudi zbog svojih osobitosti, novac će biti prepoznat kao sredstvo očuvanja i pohranjivanja vrijednosti tijekom vremena. Kako neko dobro sve više poprima značajke skladišta vrijednosti, njegova će kupovna moć rasti jer ga sve više ljudi želi koristiti za ovu svrhu. Kupovna moć pohranjene vrijednosti naposljetku će doći do svog maksimuma kada to dobro bude široko zastupljeno i smanji se priljev novih ljudi koji ga žele koristiti kao skladište vrijednosti.
3. Sredstvo razmjene: Kada se novac u potpunosti ustoliči kao sredstvo očuvanja vrijednosti, njegova će se kupovna moć stabilizirati. Nakon stabilizacije kupovne moći, oportunitetni trošak korištenja novca za obavljanje poslova smanjit će se do razine na kojoj je prikladan za korištenje kao sredstvo razmjene. U najranijim danima bitcoina, mnogi ljudi nisu cijenili ogromne oportunitetne troškove korištenja bitcoina kao sredstva razmjene, a ne kao početke ere u kojem je dobro služilo u svrhu pohrane vrijednosti. Široko je poznata priča o čovjeku koji je zamijenio 10.000 bitcoina (vrijednih otprilike 225 milijuna dolara u vrijeme pisanja ovog teksta ili 690 milijuna dolara na vrhuncu vrijednosti tokom 2021. godine) za dvije pizze ilustrira ovu situacija. U svijetu bitcoina 22.svibanj svake godine obilježava se kao bitcoin pizza day. Mnogo manje poznata situacija dolazi sa naših prostora, a tiče se identične situacije kada je dotični gospodin za 20.000 kuna prodao 120 bitcoina koji bi trenutno vrijedili 2 ,7 milijuna dolara ili na vrhuncu vrijednosti 2021. godine oko 8,3 milijuna dolara.
4. Obračunska jedinica: Kada se novac naširoko koristi kao sredstvo razmjene, roba će se na tržištu cijeniti u odnosu prema njemu. Uobičajena je zabluda da su danas cijene izražene u bitcoinu dostupne za mnoge robe i usluge. Na primjer, iako bi se šalica kave mogla platiti bitcoinom, navedena cijena nije prava cijena bitcoina; nego je to cijena u dolarima koju ugostitelj traži za tu šalicu kave koja je samo prevedena u bitcoin termine po trenutnom tržišnom tečaju dolara za bitcoin. Ako bi cijena bitcoina pala izraženo u dolarima, broj bitcoina koje ugostitelj traži bi se proporcionalno povećao. Tek kada su ugostitelji (pa tako i svi ostali trgovci) voljni prihvatiti bitcoin za plaćanje bez obzira na tečaj bitcoina u odnosu na fiat valute, možemo doista misliti da je bitcoin postao obračunska jedinica.

Bitcoin se trenutno nalazi u drugoj fazi (pohrana vrijednosti). Vjerojatno će proći još nekoliko godina prije nego što bitcoin prijeđe u treću fazu gdje će postati sredstvo razmjene. Iako se kao sredstvo razmjene danas već koristi to još uvijek nije toliko rasprostranjeno da bi se moglo smatrati da je već u ovoj fazi. Kao sredstvo razmjene bitcoin se najviše koristi putem Lightning mreže. Zanimljivo je za primijetiti da je za isti prijelaz zlatu trebalo mnogo stoljeća.

Tko kontrolira mrežu

Jednostavan odgovor je i svi i nitko. Mreža je projektirana tako da se zlonamjerni akteri ne mogu okoristiti, a svatko ima kontrolu nad svojim sudjelovanjem u njoj. Nijedan programer samostalno ne može izvršiti nikakve promjene bitcoin koda. Nijedan rudar nije u mogućnosti filtrirati bilo koju određenu transakciju. Niti jedan korisnik bitcoin mreže ne može iskoristiti mrežu na način da potroši bitcoin koji mu ne pripada ili koji nema.

Da li je korištenje bitcoina anonimno

Bitcoin na razini mreže nije “povezan” ni s jednim javnim identitetom. Protokol prepoznaje adrese samo kao zbirku slova i cijelih brojeva. Međutim, poslovni subjekti koji svoje poslovanje temelje na Bitcoinu, poput KYC (know your customer) burzi na kojima je moguće kupiti bitcoin, mogu povezati bitcoin koji tamo kupite s vašim identitetom u stvarnom svijetu. Budući da je glavna knjiga bitcoina (bitcoin ledger) u potpunosti vidljiva svima, može doći di situacije da je zbog toga moguće pratiti nečije bitcoin transakcije.

Što je to blockchain

Zapis o svakoj bitcoin transakciji ikad napravljenoj čuva se na blockchainu u tzv. javnoj knjizi odnosno bitcoin ledgeru. U zamjenu za transakcijske naknade i subvenciju za blok, rudari se natječu u „proizvodnji“ blokova. Svaki uspješno zapisani novi blok kriptografski je povezan sa blokom koji mu prethodi te se na taj način stvara lanac blokova ili blockchain. Za potpuno razumijevanje kako blockchain funkcionira pročitajte blog na ovom linku.

Može li država ili vlada zaustaviti bitcoin

Nema sumnje da bi vlade mogle zabraniti bitcoin unutar svojih granica. U stvarnosti, Kina je to već učinila nekoliko puta, a ekosustav još uvijek napreduje. Zbog disperzirane arhitekture bitcoina, zaustavljanje njegove ekspanzije zapravo bi zahtijevalo goleme koordinirane napore mnogih velikih svjetskih zemalja. Takvi napori da se uništi mreža zahtijevalo bi izrazito velike financijske resurse a s time se zapravo ništa ne bi dobilo. Priključiti se i koristiti bitcoin mreže jednostavno može svatko sa najjednostavnijeg osobnog računala tako da je malo vjerojatno da bi se vlade ozbiljnih država upustile u tako nešto jer bi vjerojatno došlo do potpuno suprotnog efekta.

Da li ga koriste kriminalci

Budući da je Bitcoin oblik valute, kriminalci ga mogu koristiti identično kao i što koriste svaku drugu valutu. Ilegalno tržište drogama danas se pretpostavlja da vrijedi više od 500 milijardi dolara godišnje. Ako se to usporedi s današnjom cijenom bitcoina od oko 20.000 dolara i ukupnom tržišnom kapitalizacijom od nešto više od 400 milijardi dolara može se reći da bitcoina zapravo nema dovoljno da pokrije sve potrebe ilegalnog tržišta drogama. Zasigurno je točnije utvrditi da se fiat valute (poput dolara ili eura) koriste za financiranje velike većine ilegalnih aktivnosti na tom tržištu. Isto tako, s obzirom da znamo da su bitcoin transakcije u potpunosti transparentne i vidljive svima, jedna od najglupljih stvari koje kriminalne organizacije povezane s drogama mogu napraviti je da svoje tragove odnosno izvršene transakcije ostave na blockchainu koji nije moguće izmijeniti a u svakom trenutku se mogu pregledati.

Isto tako, prema istraživanju tvrtke Chainalysis, tvrtka za analizu blockchaina, izvjestila je da je pranje novca činilo samo 0,05% ukupnog volumena kripto transakcija u 2021. To bi značilo da je od 2017. do danas oprano 33 milijarde dolara putem kripto imovine. Za usporedbu, UN-ov Ured za droge i kriminal procjenjuje da se 800 milijardi do 2 trilijuna dolara svake godine opere korištenjem klasičnih fiat valuta (dolar, euro itd.), što je oko 5% globalnog BDP-a.

S obziron na navedeno, argument da se bitcoin i ostale kripto valute koriste za ilegalne aktivnosti je u potpunosti promašen i lažan narativ institucija koje danas imaju kontrolu nad fiat novcem samo iz razloga kako bi opravdali svoje postojanje.

Može li se bitcoin jednostavno kopirati

Da, na razini mreže je to moguće napraviti i mnogi pojedinci su to zapravo i napravili. Danas postoje doslovno stotine Bitcoin klonova, svaki s malom izmjenom izvornog koda čija je namjena da bi se Bitcoin malo “poboljšao”. Ova “poboljšanja” gotovo uvijek uključuju značajne kompromise, sprječavajući ih da iskoriste moćne mrežne učinke Bitcoina. U stvarnosti bitcoin je jedan i jedini i nije moguće kopirati. Bitcoin je jedno a sve ostale kriptovalute su nešto sasvim drugo.

Zar bitcoin ne troši energiju

Istina je da Bitcoin mreža koristi puno energije ali ta se energija koristi za funkcioniranje i osiguranje danas najsigurnije globalne kompjuterske mreže za plaćanja a to je bitcoin mreža. Ta mreža za direktna plaćanja i pohranu vrijednosti pojedincima nudi ogromnu vrijednost te se energija utrošena za tu svrhu nikako ne može smatrati bespotrebno potrošenom. Vlasnici bitcoin farmi (pogona za rudarenje bitcoina) već su odavno započeli s inovacijama u korištenju alternativnih izvora energije kao što su obnovljivi izvori energije ili korištenje plinova koji se inače spaljuju prilikom vađenja nafte.

Koliko bitcoina postoji

U trenutku pisanja ovog teksta u opticaju je nešto više od 19 milijuna bitcoina. Samo 21 milijun bitcoina će ikada postojati, a posljednji bitcoin bit će pušten u optjecaj negdje otprilike oko 2140. godine. To se možda čini jako malo za jednu globalnu mrežu za plaćanja ali isto tako mora se imati na umu da se svaki bitcoin može podijeliti na 100 milijuna manjih jedinica koje se zovu Satoshi ili sats.

Kako nastaje bitcoin

Globalno raspršenim i iznimno konkurentnim procesom rudarenja proizvodi se novi bitcoin. Rudari koji pronađu novi blok dobivaju subvenciju ili nagradu za svoj rad u obliku novo stvorenog bitcoina. Ova subvencija danas je na 6,25 bitcoina za svaki novi blok. Ove subvencije se otprilike svakih 4 godine ili 210.000 blokova prepolovljuju. Slijedeće prepolovljavanje će biti otprilike u travnju 2024. godine i tada će se za svaki novi blok dobivati nagrada od 3,125 bitcoina.

Što je rudarenje

Rudarenje je metoda kojom rudari alociraju značajne računalne resurse kako bi procesuirali transakcije na mreži u blokove. Nakon prikupljanja svih transakcija, rudari izvode ponavljajuće računske operaciju kako bi pronašli odgovor koji odgovara prethodno postavljenom kriteriju. Nakon što pronađu odgovor te transakcije se zapisuju u blok a rudar za to dobije nagradu u obliku naknada za obradu transakcija i nagradu za novostvoreni blok. Za svaki novi blok ponavlja se ovaj postupak. Više o ovoj temi pročitajte u ovom blogu.

Kako mogu kupiti bitcoin

Postoje mnoge online mjenjačnice na kojima možete kupiti bitcoin, ali prije nego što to učinite, trebali biste provesti vlastito istraživanje. Najjednostavniji način da dobijete svoj prvi bitcoin (ili samo dio bitcoina) je da kupite nešto od pouzdanog prijatelja ili vama poznate osobe. Važno je imati na umu da svaki bitcoin ima 100 milijuna Satoshia, tako da možete kupiti i manje od jednog bitcoina. Više o mjenjačnicama možete pročitati ovdje.

Što je još potrebno znati o bitcoinu

bitcoin.org vs bitcoin.com

Potrebno je naglasiti da je web stranica pravog i jedinog bitcoina bitcoin.org. S obzirom da iza pravog bitcoina ne stoji niti jedna individua, niti jedna kompanija pa tako niti jedna država morate znati da iza stranice bitcoin.com stoji privatna kompanija Saint Bitts LLC. koja na tržištu nudi komercijalne usluge koje se temelje na blockchain tehnologiji koje su najčešće vezane za neke druge kripto valute a ne bitcoin.

Digitalno zlato

Star nešto više od deset godina, bitcoin je još uvijek relativno nova tehnologija. Još uvijek nije potpuno spreman za široku upotrebu u smislu novca koji se svakodnevno koristi za razmjenu dobara i usluga. Iako je danas moguće kupovati i prodavati proizvode i usluge s bitcoinom, trenutno je njegova primarna namjena pohrana vrijednosti na duže vrijeme ili kao oblik digitalnog zlata. Danas, mnogi ljudi kupuju bitcoin i koriste ga kao spremište vrijednosti tijekom vremena zbog njegove fiksne i ograničene maksimalne količine koja ikada može postojati. Sve što može zadržati svoju vrijednost ili kupovnu moć tijekom vremena je skladište vrijednosti. Budući da sve vlade diljem svijeta printaju beskonačne količine novca (fiat novac koji svi danas koristimo), dovodi do inflacije tih fiat valuta pa posljedično tome i do inflacije cijena odnosno porasta cijena svih dobara i usluga. Zbog toga su tradicionalne valute loše „skladište vrijednosti“. U usporedbi s tim valutama i drugom imovinom, bitcoin s vremenom bolje zadržava svoju vrijednost zbog svoje fiksne ponude.

Ljudi bitcoin iz tog razloga drže kao vrstu digitalnog zlata kao zaštitu od inflacije. Bitcoin također ima brojne prednosti u odnosu na pravo zlato, uključujući mogućnost slanja gotovo odmah i za vrlo male transakcijske troškove bilo gdje u svijetu. Osim toga, pohranjivanje bitcoina je puno jednostavnije od pohranjivanja zlata. Bitcoin se može čuvati na hardverskom novčaniku, računalu, pametnom telefonu, online bitcoin mjenjačnici ili u svemu navedenom. Da biste spremili svoj bitcoin, ne morate kupovati sef ili mjesto u trezoru neke banke. Bitcoin se, za razliku od zlata, također može lako prenijeti preko međunarodnih granica, kao što je već spomenuto.

Cijena može imati velike oscilacije

Cijena bitcoina je znatno porasla jer ga koristi sve više i više ljudi širom svijeta. Vrijednost bitcoina kada je prvi put predstavljen bila je manja od jednog penija. Do danas, najveća zabilježena cijena bitcoina bila je preko 69.000 američkih dolara. Međutim, kako bitcoin prolazi kroz proces prihvaćanja, može doći do značajnih kretanja cijena na gore i dolje u kratkom vremenskom periodu. Kao rezultat toga, ulaganje u bitcoin je još uvijek rizično, a ljudi bi trebali ulagati samo ono što si mogu priuštiti izgubiti. Možda je praktičnije reći da je u bitcoin najbolje uložiti onaj novac koji vam nije potreban za esencijalne životne potrebe te da ulaganje u bitcoin treba biti dugoročnog karaktera. Svi koji su u bitcoin uložili novac i nisu ga dirali barem 4 godine nisu nikada izgubili. Oni koji su npr. uložili u bitcoin kada je bio na svom vrhu na otprilike 69.000 američkih dolara i žele ili moraju do svog novca doći sada zasigurno bi imali ostvarene gubitke jer je cijena bitcoina trenutno manja od navedenog iznosa.

Bitcoin je dugoročna investicija i s vremenom vjerojatnost je velika da će postići cijene koje su mnogostruko veće i od trenutno najveće zabilježene od 69.000 američkih dolara. Cijenom bitcoina na burzama se trguje i manipulira isto kao i sa svim ostalim cijenama dionica a s obzirom da je bitcoin veoma mlada klasa imovine podložna je većim oscilacijama u kratkom vremenskom periodu od za razliku velikih svjetskih kompanija čije dionice na burzi kotiraju desetljećima.

Volatilnost cijene bitcoina je funkcija njegovog nastajanja. U prvih nekoliko godina svog postojanja, bitcoin se ponašao kao tzv „penny-stock“, i svaki veliki kupac koji bi se eventualno pojavio uzrokovao je nagli porast cijene. Kako su usvajanje i likvidnost rasli tijekom godina, volatilnost bitcoina se proporcionalno smanjila. Kada bitcoin postigne tržišnu kapitalizaciju zlata, pokazat će sličnu razinu volatilnosti. Kada bitcoin premaši tržišnu kapitalizaciju zlata, njegova volatilnost smanjit će se na razinu koja će ga učiniti prikladnim kao široko korišteno sredstvo razmjene.

Transakcije se mogu pratiti

U „javnoj knjizi“ bitcoina (bitcoin ledger) svaka transakcija bitcoinom je zabilježena. Svatko na svijetu može pregledati sve transakcije pretraživanjem Block Explorera na mreži i unošenjem određene transakcije ili adrese novčanika. Koristeći kriptografsku metodu s javnim ključem, privatnim se ključem čuvaju identitet vlasnika bitcoin novčanika i adresa bitcoin novčanika. Identitet korisnika ipak može biti otkriven ako se prilikom korištenja bitcoina samoinicijativno pružaju dodatne informacije o identitetu vlasnika bitcoina. Stoga je korištenje adresa bitcoin novčanika samo jednom solidna operativna sigurnosna praksa. Danas već postoje mnoge tvrtke na tržištu koje se fokusiraju na praćenje entiteta na blockchainu. Jedna od najpoznatiji je zasigurno Chainanlysis. Tvrtka surađuje s poduzećima i vladama država kako bi „povećali transparentnost“ blockchaina, kako bi lakše identificirali određene korisnike te pružili podatke i usluge analize podataka velikim tvrtkama.

Porezi i regulativa

Korištenjem bitcoina potrebno je upoznati se i sa poreznim obvezama koje iz toga proizlaze. Velika većina država na svijetu za trgovanje bitcoinom podrazumijeva da je na takve transakcije potrebno platiti i određena davanja državi. Bitcoin se tretira kao vlasništvo te se u Hrvatskoj plaća porez na kapitalnu dobit koju ste eventualno ostvarili kao razliku između nabavne i prodajne cijene. Ako kupujete i prodajete bitcoin, trebali biste se adekvatno pripremiti za rješavanje poreznih obveza. Ipak jedna dobra vijest je ta da ukoliko bitcoin držite više od dvije godine od datuma kupovine te ga tada odlučite prodati više nemate poreznu obvezu na temelju te transakcije. Kako smo već ranije spomenuli da je bitcoin primarno dugoročno spremište vrijednosti svakako bi ga trebali držati više od dvije godine. Mišljenje porezne uprave pročitajte u ovom dokumentu.

Sigurnosni savjeti za korištenje bitcoina

Enkripcija novčanika

Ukoliko ste se već odlučili da će te dio svoje imovine ipak pretvoriti u bitcoin morate biti svjesni činjenice da je bitcoin moguće i veoma lako izgubiti ako ga ne osigurate na pravi način. To ga su svjesni i hakeri čija česta meta napada postaju vlasnici bitcoina. Vaš pošteno stečen novac koji ste odlučili pretvoriti u bitcoin zaslužuje da bude sigurno pohranjen te je potrebno poduzeti nekoliko jednostavnih mjera opreza kako bi ga što sigurnije pohranili. Možda i jedna od najsigurnijih metoda zaštite je ta da informaciju o tome da ste vlasnik bitcoina jednostavno zadržite sami za sebe i to nikada ne spominjete u online svijetu.

Što se bitcoin novčanika tiče i njegove zaštite apsolutni minimum koji morate osigurati je vaš novčanik osiguran lozinkom bez obzira da li se radi o vašem osobnom novčaniku kojeg imate na računalu ili mobitelu ili novčaniku koji imate na nekoj od online mjenjačnica. Lozinke poput „123456“ ili „ivan30051980“ nisu lozinke i to ste već odavno trebali naučiti. Lozinke trebaju biti mnogo kompleksnije od ovih primjera pa ovome svakako dajte na važnosti. Lozinka bi svakako trebala sadržavati velika i mala slova kao i brojeve te specijalne simbole. Primjer jedne dobre lozinke izgledao bi ovako: „uS7Dj@85V14ez$7C“. Ukoliko se pitate kako je takvu lozinku uopće moguće zapamtiti tada možete razmisliti o korištenju password manager alata.

Ukoliko ste se odlučili za najsigurniju varijantu čuvanja vašeg bitcoina korištenjem Ledger ili Trezor hardverskih novčanika kroz proces zaštite istih biti će te vođeni prilikom njihove inicijalizacije.

Ukoliko koristite novčanike nekih od online mjenjačnica svakako je potrebno aktivirati 2FA ili dvo-faktorsku autentifikaciju. Ako ste se registrirali na mjenjačnicu koja ne pruža takvu mogućnost savjetujem vam da račun na toj mjenjačnici odmah zatvorite. Ocjenu i sigurnost pojedinih mjenjačnica možete pogledati na slijedećem linku. Dvo-faktorska autentifikacija predstavlja dodatnu razinu zaštite od neovlaštenih upada u vaš korisnički račun.

Na mjenjačnicama koje nude ovaj oblik zaštite nju je moguće aktivirati na slijedeći način: (mjenjačnice možda korite različitu terminologiju kroz izbornike ali princip je kod svih isti)

• Potrebno je preuzeti besplatnu Google Authenticator ili Authy aplikaciju putem vašeg mobilnog telefona
• Ulogirati se u vaš račun na mjenjačnici
• Otići na stranicu sa sigurnosnim postavkama i odabrati Two-Factor Authentication.
• Tada bi vam se trebao prikazati QR kod koji je potrebno skenirati sa aplikacijom koju ste preuzeli u prvom koraku
• Kada je kod uspješno skeniran aplikacija na mobitelu će vam početi prikazivati broj od 6 znamenki koji će se svakih 30 sekundi izmjenjivati
• Ovo je vaš kod za verifikaciju koji uz lozinku sada morate upisivati svaki put kada se ponovo budete pristupali svom korisničkom računu
• Mjenjačnica će vas sada zatražiti da potvrdite aktivaciju 2FA sa kodom koji se prikazuje u vašoj mobilnoj aplikaciji

Nikada ne dijeli svoje privatne ključeve

Privatni ključ je kod koji vam omogućuje prijenos bitcoina, odobravanje transakcija i općenito za kontrolu vašeg bitcoin novčanika. OD APSOLUTNE JE VAŽNOSTI DA SVOJE PRIVATNE KLJUČEVE ZADRŽITE SAMO ZA SEBE. Čuvajte ih na sigurnom mjestu kojem samo vi možete pristupiti. UKOLIKO NETKO DOĐE DO VAŠIH PRIVATNIH KLJUČEVA ON TADA IMA PRISTUP VAŠEM BITCOIN NOVČANIKU TE SA VAŠIM BITCOINOM SPREMLJENIM NA NJEGA MOŽE UČITI ŠTO GOD ŽELI.

Svoje privatne ključeve čuvajte. Privatne ključeve nikada ne čuvajte na računalu ili mobitelu ili bilo kojem drugom uređaju koji se može spojiti na Internet. Jer ako se može spojiti na Internet tada tom uređaju mogu isto tako pristupiti i hakeri ili zloćudni softver a vaši privatni ključevi tada mogu biti kompromitirani.

Poznata je uzrečica koja glasi „Not your keys not your coins“. Vašim bitcoinom upravljate samo ako imate kontrolu nad vašim privatnim ključevima. Ako nemate kontrolu nad vašim privatnim ključevima tada nemate ni kontrolu nad vašim bitcoinom.

Jednostavno kreiranje i osiguranje pohrane vlastitih privatnih ključeva moguće je pomoću vodećih hardverskih novčanika kao što su Ledger i Trezor.

Sigurnosna pohrana novčanika

Prilikom inicijalizacije Ledger ili Trezor hardverskih novčanika morate zapisati frazu za oporavak. Fraza za oporavak se sastoji od 12 ili 24 riječi koje je potrebno zapisati na zasebni komad papira koji dolazi u pakiranju sa ovim tipom novčanika. Ovo je IZNIMNO VAŽNO jer ukoliko se desi da vaš novčanik bude oštećen, izgubljen ili ukraden, koristeći frazu za oporavak, svojim sredstvima na novom novčaniku uvijek možete pristupiti koristeći frazu za oporavak.

Jednom kada ste frazu za oporavak zapisali potrebno ju je sigurno pospremiti isto kako ste pospremili i svoj privatni ključ. Dakle offline, nikako na računalu ili u mobitelu niti u bilo kojem drugom digitalnom obliku. Frazu za oporavak možete čuvati u vašem domu ili na drugom sigurnom mjestu. Svakako osigurajte da je mjesto sigurno i vama lako dostupno kako biste svom bitcoinu mogli lako i brzo pristupiti u slučaju da izgubite vaš novčanik ili da se isti jednostavno pokvari.

Detaljno o privatnim ključevima, i frazama za oporavak pročitajte u dijelu o bitcoin novčanicima.

Ažuriranje softvera novčanika

Kako biste bili sigurni da je vaš bitcoin novčanik siguran, potrebno je redovito ažuriranje softwarea novčanika kako biste bili sigurni da software ne sadrži eventualne propuste koji mogu ugroziti sigurnost vašeg novčanika. Tvrtke koje svoja programska rješenja za bitcoin novčanike pružaju na upotrebu redovito ažuriraju svoj software kako bi ga unaprijedile korisnim izmjenama i dodacima i učinile još sigurnijim u odnosu na prethodnu verziju koja je korištena. Ako redovito ažurirate software vašeg bitcoin novčanika, na taj način osigurati će te da vaš novčanik ima najnovije značajke i najbolju funkcionalnost.

Kako kupiti bitcoin

Online mjenjačnice

Najlakši i najsigurniji način za kupnju Bitcoina je kupnja putem online mjenjačnica. Neke od najpopularnijih mjenjačnica danas su Binance, FTX, Coinbase, Kraken, KuCoin, Gemini, Gate.io, Bitfinex, Bitstamp, Bybit itd. Manje, odnosno manje poznate mjenjačnice nose veći rizik prilikom korištenja istih. Uz rizik da nisu u potpunosti sigurne postoji i mogućnost da nisu u potpunosti ni usklađene sa svim zakonskim regulativama. Imajte na umu da postoji i jako puno različitih mjenjačnica koje su apsolutne prevare. Ukoliko vam se putem telegrama, twittera, discorda i ostalih online aplikacija javljaju nepoznati ljudi i promoviraju vam mjenjačnice na kojima možete sigurno trgovati i dobivati jako velike povrate na svoje uloge savjetujem vam da te ljude odmah blokirate i ni slučajno ne otvarate linkove koje su vam poslali da se na tim mjenjačnicama registrirate. Ukoliko se registrirate i pošaljete svoja sredstva na njih budite sigurni da ste ta sredstva zauvijek izgubili.

Stoga se preporuča da svoj prvi bitcoin (ili samo dio bitcoina) kupite na nekoj od najvećih mjenjačnica, dobro etabliranih imena koja su prethodno navedena. Mjenjačnicama tih tvrtki možete pristupiti putem računala ili mobitela koristeći aplikacije koje možete preuzeti u Google Play Storeu ili Apple Storeu. Iako su to najveći igrači u kripto svijetu savjetujem vam da kada kupite svoj prvi bitcoin da ga svakako pošaljete na svoj novčanik. Kako smo već spomenuli frazu „Not your keys not your coins“ znate da ako svoj bitcoin ostavite na mjenjačnici da ne posjedujete privatni ključ za bitcoin adresu na kojoj se vaš bitcoin nalazi te samim time vi nemate apsolutnu kontrolu na njim.

Da biste kupili bitcoin, prvo morate uplatiti sredstva na račun mjenjačnice, nakon čega ta sredstva možete zamijeniti za bitcoin. Mnoge mjenjačnice nude vam opciju da novac putem bankovne transakcije prebacite na njihov bankovni račun ili da bitcoin kupite koristeći vašu debitnu ili kreditnu karticu. Ukoliko se odlučite novac prebaciti bankovnom transakcijom morate znati da će se vaš novac na mjenjačnici pojaviti u roku najčešće od 1-3 radna dana. Ukoliko želite koristiti vašu karticu novac na vašem računu bit će dostupan odmah. Ali pritom imajte na umu ukoliko koristite karticu da su provizije poprilično velike i znaju biti u rasponu od najčešće 3-5% što je zaista previše. Prilikom slanja novca na svoj račun na online mjenjačnici putem bankovne transakcije najčešće nema provizije koju će vam mjenjačnica naplatiti za polog sredstava. Neki manji trošak transakcije može se pojaviti prilikom slanja novca sa vašeg računa i to ovisi o vašoj banci.

Bitcoin bankomati (ATM)

Danas postoje i bitcoin bankomati identični onim običnim bankomatima banaka koje svakodnevno koristite za podizanje gotovine. Bitcoin bankomati pružaju diskretnu opciju za kupnju i prodaju bitcoina. Ako postoji neki blizu mjesta gdje živite, oni su također praktičan način da dođete do bitcoina. Svakako imajte na umu na su troškovi transakcije na njima u najboljem slučaju na razini onih kada koristite svoju debitnu ili kreditnu karticu za kupnju bitcoina na centraliziranim mjenjačnicama.

Danas je bitcoin moguće kupiti i u poštanskim uredima ili u klasičnim mjenjačnicama koje se nalaze na svakom koraku tipa Western Union. Transakcijske naknade kod njih su također velike tako da dvaput razmilite prije nego ih koristite.

Lokacije bitcoin bankomata možete pretraživati na slijedećem linku:

https://coinatmradar.com/

Osobno od nekoga

Bitcoin možete kupiti i osobno od nekoga tko ga želi prodati. To može biti vama neka bliska ili barem poznata osoba. Isto tako, danas online možete pronaći mnogo stranica i aplikacija na kojima ljudi oglašavaju kupnju i prodaju bitcoina. U ovom slučaju budite jako oprezni jer prevaranata ima na svakom koraku. Ukoliko se odlučite na ovaj način kupovine ili prodaje bitcoina, kod osobe s kojom dogovorite transakciju inzistirajte na tome da se nađete na nekom javnom mjestu umjesto nekog parkirališta, male mračne uličice ili lokalne birtije. Nikako nije uputno ići sam na takve „sastanke“.

Bitcoin novčanici

Što je bitcoin novčanik

Poput vašeg običnog novčanika, bitcoin novčanik je način za pohranjivanje novca odnosno vašeg bitcoina. Osnovna stvar koju morate razumjeti a koja se tiče bitcoin novčanika je da bitcoin zapravo ne postoji unutar njega. Bitcoin postoji samo na distribuiranoj bitcoin knjizi (bitcoin blockchain ledger). Privatni ključevi odnosno ključevi koji su potrebni za slanje i primanje bitcoina preko te distribuirane bitcoin infrastrukture na kojoj bitcoin zapravo funkcionira čuvaju se u bitcoin novčaniku.

Što je bitcoin adresa

Niz brojeva i slova koji je specifičan samo za vaš novčanik je bitcoin adresa. Da biste primili bitcoin, morate tu adresu podijeliti s osobom koja vam želi poslati bitcoin. Preporučljivo je da nikada 2 puta ne koristite istu adresu iz sigurnosnih razloga. Bitcoin novčanici imaju mogućnost generirati beskonačan broj bitcoin adresa pa je ovu mogućnost uputno koristiti. Većina novčanika brine o tome automatski umjesto vas i generira novu adresu svaki put kada želite primiti bitcoin. Pritom uvijek znate stanje bitcoina u vašem novčaniku koji prikazuje saldo bitcoina na svim bitcoin adresama koje su za vas u njemu generirane.

Što je to fraza za oporavak

Kada inicijalizirate novi novčanik, stvara se niz od 12 ili 24 nasumično generirane riječi poznate kao “seed words” ili “mnemonic“ odnosno fraza za oporavak. Ovaj set riječi služi za otključavanje cjelokupnog vašeg novčanika i njega nikada ni u kojem slučaju ne smijete s nikim podjeliti. Isto tako, dužni ste ovaj set riječi pohraniti na sigurno i vama lako dostupno mjesto da u slučaju potrebe isti možete upotrijebiti. Ako itko dođe u posjed ovog seta riječi bez problema može isprazniti vaš bitcoin novčanik.

Što je pristupna fraza

Pristupna fraza, passphrase ili zaporka, često je poznata kao dodatna 13. ili 25. riječ u setu od 12 ili 24 riječi koje se inače zapisuju kod inicijalizacije novog bitcoin novčanika. To je korisnički definirana dopunska riječ ili izraz namijenjen za jačanje sigurnosti. Da bi pristupio vašem novčaniku napadaču je potrebna i ta vaša dodatna riječ uz cjelokupnu frazu od 12 ili 24 riječi koje ste zapisali. Tu jednu dodatnu riječ nikada ne držite u blizini ili zajedno sa vašom frazom za oporavak od 12 ili 24 riječi.

Što je privatni ključ

Privatni ključ predstavlja dokaz da entitet koji ga posjeduje ima ovlaštenje za trošenje bitcoina s odgovarajuće bitcoin adrese. Privatni ključ kreira se iz vaše pristupne fraze. Za svaku adresu koja je otvorena u vašem novčaniku generira se privatni ključ. Danas, velika većina korisnika bitcoina nikada se neće izravno koristiti s privatnim ključem; umjesto toga, softver novčanika to odrađuje automatski za vas prilikom korištenja.

Što je javni ključ

Javni ključ za bitcoin je isto ono što je IBAN za vaš bankovni račun. To je bitcoin adresa na koju možete primati novac na blockchainu odnosno primati bitcoin na vašu bitcoin adresu.

Što je prošireni javni ključ

O proširenom javnom ključu ili Xpub možete razmišljati kao o glavnom ključu vašeg bitcoin novčanika. Isto kao i kod privatnih ključeva ili fraza za oporavak ovaj ključ nitko osim vas ne smije znati. Pomoću Xpub ključa moguće je generirati i vidjeti svaku adresu koja je prethodno generirana u vašem novčaniku. Ypub i Zpub su Xpub varijacije koje zapravo imaju istu funkciju.

Koji bitcoin novčanik je najbolji za vaše potrebe

Potpunu kontrolu nad svojim bitcoinom imate korištenjem hardverskih novčanika. Ali s tom potpunom kontrolom dolazi i potpuna individualna (vaša) odgovornost. Vi i samo vi ste odgovorni za sigurnost vašeg bitcoina. Vi sami morate osigurati fizičku zaštitu vašeg bitcoin novčanika kako ga ne biste izgubili ili da vam ne bude ukraden. Isto tako, morate zapamtiti lozinku vašeg bitcoin novčanika kako bi mogli pristupiti svojem bitcoinu.

S druge pak strane, čuvanje bitcoina na raznim bitcoin mjenjačnicama je mnogo jednostavnije ali morate biti svjesni da u tom slučaju ne posjedujete privatne ključeve koji vam garantiraju da sa svojim bitcoinom možete raditi što god želite, kada god to želite i u odnosu s kim god to želite.

Mjenjačnice koliko god velike bile ipak mogu biti hakirane. Najpoznatiji primjer takvog slučaja datira još iz 2014. godine kada je tada najveća mjenjačnica Mt.Gox napadnuta te je ukradeno oko 850.000 bitcoina. Dan danas velika većina tog ukradenog bitcoina još uvijek nije pronađena niti vraćena vlasnicima.

Danas je sigurnost na velikim mjenjačnicama znatno veća. Tvrtke kao što su Binance, Coinbase, Kraken itd., na primjer, drže veliku većinu svojih Bitcoina u tzv. cold storage novčanicima koji nisu povezani na Internet te su tako zaštićeni od cyber napada. Bez obzira na sve moguće oblike zaštite, mjenjačnice su uvijek izložene velikoj količini pokušaja upada u njihove sustave.

Idealan odabir novčanika ovisi od pojedinca do pojedinca. Radi se o preferencijama svakog ponaosob a faktori koji na to utječu mogu biti npr. iznos bitcoina koji se želi spremiti ili koliko brzo i jednostavno se tom bitcoinu želi moći pristupati. Slično kao i kod bilo koje druge vrste valuta, manje količine bitcoina možete držati u manje sigurnom novčaniku (u novčanicima na računalu ili mobitelu) do kojeg je jednostavno doći za svakodnevnu upotrebu, dok veće količine bitcoina svakako trebate držite skrivene na sigurnijem mjestu u hardverskim novčanicima tipa Ledger ili Trezor. Isto tako, ukoliko posjedujete veće količine bitcoina uputno ga je držati na više hardverskih novčanika koji se nikada ne bi trebali nalaziti na istom mjestu.

Hardverski novčanici

Postoje mnoge različite opcije za pohranu bitcoina, svaka sa svojim prednostima i nedostacima i po kojima se međusobno razlikuju. Kako biste spriječili krađu ili gubitak, ključno je da ste svoj bitcoin sigurno pohranili. Ako se dovedete u situaciju da je bitcoin izgubljen ili ukraden, velika je vjerojatnost da ga više nikada nećete pronaći i da je izgubljen trajno i nenadoknadivo. Iz tog razloga, trebali biste paziti da uvijek pohranite svoj bitcoin na sigurno. Najsigurnija opcija pohrane bitcoina je na hardverske (offline) novčanike.

Hardverski novčanici fizički su uređaji koji sliče najobičnijim USB stickovima a koji vam omogućuju sigurnu pohranu Bitcoina na njih. Da biste bitcoin poslali na svoj hardverski novčanik morate ga baš popust USB sticka spojiti na računalo. Istovremeno je potrebno instalirati i pokrenuti nativni programski paket koji ide uz novčanik te u njemu izvršiti sve potrebne operacije za prijenos bitcoina u vaš novčanik sa recimo online mjenjačnice na kojoj ste prethodno bitcoin kupili. Nakon prijenosa bitcoina u vaš hardverski novčanik, novčanik je potrebno pospremiti na sigurno. Hardverski novčanici zaštićeni su lozinkom, pa čak i ako je vaš hardverski novčanik izgubljen ili ukraden, netko i dalje treba lozinku za pristup vašem bitcoinu. Imajte na umu da svoju lozinku ne smijete držati zajedno sa novčanikom kao što npr. neki ljudi u svojim normalnim novčanicima drže pinove za kartice koje se nalaze u istom tom novčaniku. Ne moram vam objašnjavati koliko je to neodgovorno ponašanje.

Primjeri hardverskih novčanika:

Ledger

Ledger je vjerojatno najpoznatiji hardverski novčanik na tržištu. Ledger novčanici imaju visoku reputaciju za sigurnost i pouzdanost pohranjivanja bitcoina. Osim toga, izrađeni su od čvrstih materijala poput nehrđajućeg čelika, što povećava njihovu otpornost na oštećenja tokom vremena. Ovu dodatnu karakteristiku mnogi vide kao veliku prednost nad ostalim novčanicima.

!!VAŽNO!!

Prvi put kada koristite Ledger novčanik, biti će vam prikazana fraza za oporavak koju morate zapisati na papir koji je priložen u pakiranju samog novčanika. Ako izgubite svoj Ledger novčanik ili ako se jednostavno pokvari, korištenjem fraze za oporavak možete povratiti svoj bitcoin novčanik na novom uređaju.

!!POSEBNO VAŽNO!!

Svoj Ledger novčanik uvijek kupujte direktno od proizvođača ili od ovlaštenih distributera. Ako kupujete od nepoznatih trgovaca ili pojedinaca nemate garanciju da novčanik nije prethodno kompromitiran. Događali su se slučajevi da su ljudi novčanike kupovali preko ebay platforme. Novčanici su im dostavljeni na kućnu adresu ali su ti novčanici već u samom pakiranju imali ispunjene kartice sa frazom za oporavak. Poruka koju su novi vlasnici novčanika od prodavatelja dobili da su oni to već za vas napravili kako bi vam maksimalno olakšali upotrebu. Neiskusni korisnici su im na tome bili jako zahvali i nisu znali da ako netko drugi već zna tu frazu za oporavak da isto tako može pristupiti njihovom bitcoinu. Naravno, ti korisnici ostali su bez bitcoina koji su stavili na tako kompromitiran uređaj. Dakle, kada Ledger uređaj stigne na vašu adresu mora biti tvornički zatvoren. Kartica za zapis fraze za oporavak mora biti prazna i Ledger uređaj kada ga prvi put spojite na računalo mora vas provesti kroz proces generiranja fraze za oporavak koja se sastoji od 12 ili 24 riječi koje morate zapisati na karticu koja je s uređajem stigla.

Ledger ima više različitih uređaja a to su Ledger Nano S, Ledger Nano S Plus i Ledger Nano X. Detalje o svakom uređaju posebno i narudžbu možete napraviti klikom na naziv svakog od uređaja.

Trezor

Trezor novčanik je također veoma popularan hardverski novčanik vlasnicima bitcoina. Trezor novčanik nudi korisničko sučelje koje je jednostavno za korištenje te također ima visoku razinu sigurnosti i reputaciju na tržištu. Osim toga, Trezor ima izvrsnu podršku korisnicima, što je ključno s obzirom na to da mnogi kupci koji kupuju Trezor novčanike nikada prije nisu koristili hardverski novčanik pa im je za prvu upotrebu potrebna pomoć.

Kao i kod Ledger novčanika na početku korištenja morati će te zapisati frazu za oporavak koja se sastoji od 12 ili 24 riječi. U slučaju da izgubite ili oštetite svoj Trezor novčanik, ovu frazu za oporavak možete upotrijebiti za dohvat vašeg bitcoina na novom uređaju. Nakon što Trezor uređaj baš kao i Leger odspojite sa računala znači da putem interneta njemu više nitko ne može pristupiti. Kao i kod Ledger uređaja, Trezor morate pospremiti na sigurno mjesto kojem vi u svakom trenutku imate pristup.

NGRAVE

NGRAVE novčanik pogledajte ovdje.

Novčanici na računalu ili mobitelu

Novčanik koji kao aplikaciju možete instalirati na vašem računalu zove se još i desktop wallet ili desktop novčanik. Desktop novčanici općenito dolaze s više funkcionalnosti od mobilnih novčanika, ali mogu biti i kompliciraniji. Budući da su računala povezana na internet i podložna su zlonamjernom ili malicioznom softveru, trebate biti jako oprezni sa softverom koji instalirate.

Mobilni novčanik je onaj koji radi na vašem mobilnom telefonu. Ti novčanici omogućuju brz pristup vašem bitcoinu, ali isto tako nose sa sobom veliki rizik. Ako izgubite ili razbijete telefon, možete izgubiti i svoj bitcoin. Ako se to i desi to ne bi trebao biti problem pod uvjetom da je vaša „seed fraza“ sigurno pohranjena tako da možete svoj novčanik aktivirati na drugom uređaju.

Novčanici kojima upravljaju treće strane

Novčanici kod trećih strana su novčanici kod kojih vi ne kontrolirate privatne ključeve. Ovakvi novčanici često mogu olakšati potencijalne složenosti koje dolaze sa korištenjem bitcoin novčanika, ali to dolazi s rizikom da vi nemate kontrolu nad vašim privatnim ključevima pa tako ni nad vašim bitcoinom. Ovakvim novčanicima uglavnom upravljaju burze i korisnicima se savjetuje da na njima ne drže velike količine bitcoina. Neke od najpoznatijih online mjenjačnica su Binance, FTX (tokom 2022. godine ispostavilo se da je ova mjenjačnica jedna od največih prijevara u povijesti kripta), Coinbase, Kraken, KuCoin, Gemini, Gate.io, Bitfinex, Bitstamp, Bybit itd. Kao što je već rečeno ti novčanici su jednostavniji i praktičniji za korištenje ali vi ne posjedujete vaše privatne ključeve.

Često ove online mjenjačnice osiguravaju svoje kripto novčanike metodama kao što su identifikacija s 2 ili 3 faktorskom autentifikacijom i vremenskim odmakom za transakcije. Na primjer, online mjenjačnica Coinbase ima sigurnosnu opciju koja se zove “pohrana u trezoru” koja vam omogućuje prijenos Bitcoina s običnog novčanika u novčanik koji ima razdoblje čekanja od 48 sati za povlačenje vašeg bitcoina i zahtijeva provjeru telefonskim putem i sa dvije različite email adrese. Dodatne usluge ovog tipa značajno pridonose povećanju sigurnosti.

Skrbnička rješenja

Skrbnička rješenja su obično namijenjena institucijama ili pojedincima koji žele zaštititi velike količine kripto valuta. Takvi novčanici obično su osigurani od gubitka ili krađe do određenih iznosa. Danas postoje brojne usluge čuvanja bitcoina visoke razine sigurnosti za institucionalne ulagače. Tvrtke kao što su Coinbase, Gemini, Fidelity ili BitGo nude skrbništvo nad Bitcoinom. Ukoliko ste ste pojedinac s velikom neto vrijednošću u bitcoinu ili ako predstavljate instituciju, tada bi jedno od ovakvih rješenja mogla biti prava opcija za vas.

Novčanik s više potpisa

Novčanik koji treba više od jednog privatnog ključa za potpisivanje transakcije poznat je kao novčanik s više potpisa ili multi-sig wallet. Prilikom izrade novčanika, korisnik može odabrati hoće li upotrijebiti 2 od moguća 3 ključa za potpisivanje ili 15 od mogućih 20. Iako je multi-sig novčanik puno kompliciraniji za kreirati od novčanika sa samo jednim privatnim ključem on je zato sigurniji od novčanika sa samo jednim privatnim ključem.

Novčanici samo za pregled

Vaš prošireni javni ključ (Xpub), koji vam omogućuje pregled stanja novčanika, koristi se za izradu novčanika koji omogućavaju samo uvid u stanje novčanika (view only) bez mogućnosti potpisivanja transakcija odnosno slanja bitcoina iz njega. Ovakvi novčanici ne mogu se koristiti niti za kupnju jer nemaju privatne ključeve.

Transakcijske naknade

Ovisno o brzini kojom želite da se transakcija obavi imate mogućnost da odaberete visinu transakcijske naknade. Što je naknada viša vaša transakcija će prije biti obrađena. Uz to morate biti svjesni da vrijeme obrade transakcije ovisi i o zauzetosti mreže u datom trenutku. Prilikom transakcije u vašem novčaniku vidjet će te procjenu kolika je transakcijska naknada te će te imati mogućnost povećati ili smanjiti taj parametar.

Što je to QR kod

Podaci o adresama i iznosima vizualno mogu biti predstavljeni i putem QR koda. QR kodovi se najčešće koriste kako bi se dugačke i komplicirane za zapamtiti bitcoin adrese jednostavno mogle skenirati vašim mobilnim uređajem. Na ovaj način eliminira se potreba za ručnim upisivanjem adrese, što može rezultirati pogreškama prilikom prepisivanja i slanjem bitcoina na nepostojeću adresu. Ukoliko se to desi nažalost vaš bitcoin je nepovratno izgubljen.

Uobičajene pogreške

Bitcoin alternative

Odmah na početku moramo reći da bitcoin nema alternativu. Alternativne kripto valute kojih danas ima gotovo 20.000 u više od 99.99% slučajeva su čiste prevare koje se temelje na privlačenju korisnika putem različitih marketinških trikova i buzzworda poput izraza „decentralizirano financiranje“. Korištenjem razno raznih aplikacija koje nude velike prinose možda zvuči primamljivo ali morate biti svjesni da takvi prinosi nisu komercijalno održivi i da će zasigurno doći trenutak kada će se ti sistemi urušiti. Ukoliko ste svoj bitcoin deponirali na platforme ovog tipa savjetujem vas da ga što prije povučete na svoj novčanik za koji posjedujete svoje privatne ključeve.

Kupnja bitcoina na centraliziranim mjenjačnicama

Kupnja KYC (Know-Your-Customer) bitcoina na centraliziranim mjenjačnicama (CEX) brz je i jednostavan način. No ipak morate biti svjesni kompromisa i posljedica koje iz toga proizlaze. Kako bi ste se uspješno registrirali na centraliziranim mjenjačnicama minimalno što će te morati napraviti je ostaviti vaš osobni dokument sa slikom. Na temelju toga, budući da je bitcoin transakcije moguće pratiti uvijek vas se može povezati sa adresom na kojoj je vaš bitcoin pohranjen. Isto tako, sve vaše buduće transakcije mogu biti praćene. Ukoliko je ovo nešto što vam nije o značaja bitcoin slobodno kupite na online mjenjačnicama ali ga svakako prebacite na vaš novčanik tako da ga ne ostavljate u novčaniku mjenjačnice.

Ne istražiti druge opcije kupnje

Koja alternativna rješenja na tržištu postoje ako vam se ne sviđa prizvuk kupovine bitcoina na centraliziranim mjenjačnicama gdje ste dužni ostaviti svoje podatke. Iako postoje peer-to-peer platforme za razmjenu kao što su Bisq i HodlHodl koje koriste escrow usluge kako bi vam omogućile stjecanje bitcoina od bilo koga u cijelom svijetu, one obično nisu tako jednostavne za korištenje kao KYC alternative. Najjednostavniji način za početak je kupnja od prijatelja, osoba od povjerenja ili pak članova obitelji. Mnogi korisnici su odavno shvatili koliko je anonimnost zapravo važna. Ako se raspitate malo oko sebe zasigurno će te naići na nekoga tko bitcoin već posjeduje a za koga to možda nikada ne bi rekli. To su ljudi koji ne oglašavaju na sva zvona da posjeduju bitcoin i to bi zapravo svatko trebao tako raditi. Raspitajte se oko sebe, netko sigurno ima bitcoina koji je spreman prodati.

Druga dobra alternativa za anonimno stjecanje bitcoina je rudarenje ali to je zasebna i tehnološki malo zahtjevnija edukacija o kojoj će biti govora na ovoj stranici. Svakako morate biti upoznati i s poreznim aspektom ovakvog načina stjecanja bitcoina.

Ne imati svoj vlastiti „node“

Korištenje vlastitog noda vam daje sigurnost da su informacije prikazane u vašem novčaniku točne i u skladu s “Bitcoin propisima” vašeg čvora. Jednostavno rečeno, ako ne koristite vlastiti node, znači da koristite nečiji tuđi bez obzira da li znate tu osobu ili ne. Bitcoin tako jednostavno funkcionira. Korištenjem vlastitog noda ne morate se oslanjati ni na koga drugoga za provođenje transakcija kada imate novčanik povezan s vlastitim nodom, što daje ogromne prednosti u pogledu privatnosti.

Ostavljati bitcoin na mjenjačnicama

Nakon što ste kupili bitcoin na nekoj od mjenjačnica (KYC) i ostavili sve svoje osobne podatke, ostavili ste ga na burzi jer niste znali kako se koristit bitcoin novčanik ili kako se bitcoin sa mjenjačnice šalje u vaš novčanik. Morate biti svjesni da vi ne posjedujete privatne ključeve novčanika u kojima se bitcoin nalazi na mjenjačnicama na kojoj ste ga kupili bez obzira što ga vidite nakon što ste se na mjenjačnicu ulogirali. Vaš korisnički račun na mjenjačnici nije isto što i bitcoin novčanik. Bitcoin koji vam stoji na mjenjačnici što prije pospremite u novčanik za koji vi i samo vi posjedujete privatne ključeve. Ne dopustite da vam se dogodi situacija u kojoj će neka mjenjačnica biti meta hakerskog napada i sa koje je ukraden bitcoin među kojima se nalazi i vaš. Bilo je mnogo ovakvih slučajeva posljednjih godina. Isto tako, nisu ni sve mjenjačnice u potpunosti legitimne te je bilo slučajeva da su vlasnici istih jednostavno nestali i sa sobom uzeli ogromne količine tuđeg novca (bitcoina i ostalih kripto valuta).

Također, u zadnje vrijeme otkako je tržište kripto valuta dosta potonulo (isto kao i sva ostala tržišta) došlo je do situacija da su pojedine firme (mjenjačnice ali i firme koje se bave pružanjem drugačijih usluga na kripto tržištu) zbog krize koja ih je pogodila jednostavno postale insolventne. Jedna od stvari koje su prvo napravile bilo je to da su onemogućili korisnicima da sa tih platformi povuku svoja sredstva. Najznačajniji primjeri ovakvih događaja su vezani za Celsius i BlockFi. Nemojte se dovoditi u ovakve situacije i obavezno svoj bitcoin nakon kupovine prebacite na svoj novčanik u kojem vi upravljate sa svojim privatnim ključevima.

Slati nekome svoje privatne ključeve

Prevaranti se često predstavljaju kao članovi bitcoin zajednice kako bi ponudili podršku nekome tko možda traži pomoć putem chat aplikacija kao što su Telegram, Discord i sl. Te osobe se će vam najčešće poslati linkove na kojima trebate upisati svoje privatne ključeve ili frazu za oporavak kako bi oni tobože provjerili da ste vi stvarno vlasnik tog novčanika i kako bi vam onda mogli pružiti pomoć. To je naravno jedna velika laž. Nikada, ali baš nikada, nikome (ni policiji, ni poreznim vlastima, ni državnim institucijama) ne dajte svoje privatne ključeve ili frazu za oporavak a posebno ne online.

Nesigurna pohrana vaše „fraze za oporavak“

Ključ do vašeg bitcoina je vaša fraza za oporavak i svatko tko joj ima pristup ima i pristup vašem bitcoinu. Treba ju čuvati na sigurnom mjestu, ali pripazite da ne bude „toliko sigurna“ da i vi zaboravite gdje je ili kako glasi. Jedna veoma loša ideja je držati ju na računalu ili u mobitelu. Vjerojatno najsigurnija metoda je da ju „jednostavno“ zapamtite i da ne postoji druga kopija. Ali naravno morate biti sigurni da će te ju moći reproducirati kada za to dođe vrijeme.

Slanje bitcoina na netočnu adresu

Ovih dana sve je teže to učiniti jer novčanici sada imaju značajke otkrivanja pogrešaka i QR kodove koji se mogu skenirati kamerom na vašem mobilnom telefonu. Kada nekome šaljete bitcoin, uvijek je najbolje koristiti QR kodove ili copy/paste bitcoin adrese jer dugi nizovi brojeva i slova nisu jednostavni za prepisivanje i lako može doći do pogreške. Prije finalnog slanja uputno je još jednom ipak provjeriti adresu prije slanja.

Pretjerana euforija

Što više budete učili o bitcoinu i kako budete sve dublje i dublje shvaćali što je to zapravo bitcoin i kako funkcionira nemoguće je da vas neće uhvatiti euforija. Još ako vrijeme počnete provoditi recimo na Twitteru i YouTube-u gdje se vjerojatno najviše sadržaja generira o bitcoinu možete doći u iskušenje da na bitcoin potrošite više novca nego si to zaista i možete priuštiti. Bitcoin je još uvijek mlada i veoma cjenovno osjetljiva klasa imovine. Nemojte se dovesti u situaciju da kada dođe do većih padova cijene da razmišljate hoćete li sutra imati za stanarinu ili još gore za osnovne životne namirnice. Ne ulažite u bitcoin novac koji si ne možete priuštiti da ga u potpunosti izgubite. Ovo vrijedi za sve klase imovine pa tako i za bitcoin.

Trgovanje na burzama

Trgovanje bitcoinom na burzama može biti jako primamljiva stvar ako znate da dnevne fluktuacije cijene bitcoina znaju biti i 20%. Kripto tržište je još uvijek mlado i neregulirano pa tako i mjenjačnice na kojima se trguje. Vi kao mali igrač nemate nikakve šanse protiv velikih igrača koji još uvijek sa relativno „malo novca“ mogu manipulirati cijenom bitcoina a to znači da će te vi biti „likvidirani“. Ostavite trgovanje nekome drugome a vi online mjenjačnice koristite samo za kupovanje bitcoina i slanje istoga na svoj privatni novčanik.

Ne radite od sebe metu

Bitcoin živi na internetu koji je, slično kao i stvarni svijet, pun prevaranata koji su spremni otići daleko kako bi se domogli vašeg bitcoina. Razgovorom o posjedovanju bitcoina na internetu ili u stvarnom svijetu doslovno stavljate metu na vaša leđa za lopove ili prevarante. Uobičajeni pristup za ljude koji komuniciraju online s bitcoin zajednicom je stvaranje online persone koja je potpuno odvojena od vašeg stvarnog identiteta.

Ne koristiti 2FA

Danas je vaša email adresa povezana s računom za sve što radite online. Prevaranti relativno jednostavno mogu dobiti pristup vašim privatnim podacima ako ne vodite dovoljnu pažnju oko zaštite te vaše email adrese. Dodatni sigurnosni mehanizam, dvostruka autentifikacija ili 2FA, štiti vas od nepoželjnih upada u korisničke račune. Najpoznatije dvije 2FA aplikacije su Google Authenticator i Authy koje možete preuzeti putem vašeg mobilnog telefona kao i svaku drugu aplikaciju. Svakako koristite ove mogućnosti dodatne zaštite za sve vaše online korisničke račune i izbjegavajte oblik ovakve 2FA autentifikacije putem SMS poruka.

Ne tražiti pomoć ako nešto ne znate

Bitcoin zajednica je danas izrazito rasprostranjena i korisna. Postoje stotine različitih telegram grupa, GitHub ili reddit stranica, profila na Twitteru koji su voljni pomoći u svako doba. Ako imate bilo kakvo pitanje slobodno se i nama obratite i postavite pitanje. Zapamtite, ako niste sigurni, pitajte.

Mitovi o bitcoinu

Bitcoin nema intrinzičnu vrijednost

Kao i svakog novca, vrijednost bitcoina proizlazi iz kredibiliteta njegovih monetarnih svojstava. Vrijednost bitcoina proizlazi iz toga što se njegova rijetkost, njegov postojeći i konačan broj lagano i neovisno može provjeriti u bilo kojem trenutku. Distribuirano rudarenje bitcoina i mehanizam konsenzusa iza kojeg stoje stotine milijuna dolara vrijedne računalne opreme koja osigurava mrežu 24/7/365 čine ga iznimno vrijednim. Budući da se danas svatko s internetskom vezom može uključiti u mrežu, bitcoin je jedini pravi oblik novca. Bitcoin ne cenzurira niti diskriminira za razliku od svih ostalih oblika novca u optjecaju.

Bitcoin je anoniman

Ovo nije istina. Na razini Bitcoin mreže novčanik ili adresa nisu izravno povezani s identitetom neke osobe u stvarnom svijetu. Kao rezultat toga, tvrtke koje se bave analizom podataka na mreži mogu pratiti transakcije s adrese na adresu ali ne znaju tko je vlasnik tih adresa. Kupovinom bitcoina na centraliziranim mjenjačnicama gdje ste dužni ostaviti osobne podatke omogućavate da vas se prati odnosno da se adrese koje ste koristili na mjenjačnicama budu direktno povezane s vašim imenom i prezimenom. Razmislite da li ovo želite prije nego bitcoin kupite na centraliziranim mjenjačnicama.

Bitcoin programski kod jednostavno može biti izmijenjen

Ovo također nije istina. Bitcoin je poznat po tome da je za svaku i najmanju promjenu u programskom kodu potrebno jako puno vremena. To je ujedno i stavka zbog koje je i dosta kritiziran ali samo od strane ljudi koji bitcoin ne razumiju dovoljno ili koji imaju vlastite osobne interese u želji za promjenom bitcoin koda. Ne učestale promjene programskog koda bitcoina su jedan od temeljnih postulata na kojima se gradi sigurnost bitcoina odnosno Bitcoin mreže. Sve značajne izmjene Bitcoin koda moraju proći rigorozan postupak recenzije. Proces postaje znatno sporiji i rigorozniji ako predložena izmjena koda može utjecati na kompatibilnost sa prethodnim verzijama softvera (što znači da raniji softver možda nije kompatibilan).

Bitcoin može biti kopiran

Da, to je istina. Bitcoin se može kopirati i tisuće ljudi su to već napravili na razini mreže. Doslovno gdje god da se okrenete imate neku kripto valutu koja je nastala kopiranjem Bitcoin programskog koda koji je samo „malo“ u nekim dijelovima izmijenjen kako bi se taj „novi“ Bitcoin „poboljšao“ u odnosu na jedan jedini i pravi Bitcoin. Ovakva “poboljšanja” gotovo uvijek uključuju značajne kompromise koji su u većini slučajeva iz domene sigurnosti mreže na kojoj te „poboljšane“ verzije Bitcoina egzistiraju. Svi takvi pokušaji kopiranja su najobičniji klonovi koji obično imaju tzv. nepošteno pokretanje nove kripto valute koje se uvijek radi samo u korist onoga tko takvu novu kripto valutu pokreće.

Ti projekti su izrazito centralizirani i često je sva upravljačka moć oko takvih projekata u rukama samo nekoliko ljudi. Prethodno je već spomenuto da bitcoin nema alternativu i to je tako. Preporuka je da se držite samo pravog bitcoina i ne petljate se sa lažnim projektima koji ga potkopavaju razno raznim marketinškim trikovima. Bitcoin funkcionira već 13 godina bez ijednog sigurnosnog propusta na razini mreže odnosno programskog koda. Razmislite o ovome prije nego počnete trošiti vrijeme na neki od tisuća besmislenih bitcoin klonova.

Nema dovoljno bitcoina za sve na svijetu

Samo 21 milijun bitcoina ikada može postojati. Jedan bitcoin podijeljen je na 100 milijuna satoshija. To znači da će ukupno u optjecaju biti 2,1 kvadrilijun satoshija (2.100.000.000.000.000) dostupno za transakcije na Bitcoin mreži. Ako recimo broj stanovnika na zemlji zaokružimo na 8 milijardi, svakom stanovniku pripalo bi 262.500 satoshija. Ima li dovoljno bitcoina za sve ljude na zemlji? Ne nasjedajte na ovakva pitanja neznalica.

Transakcijske naknade će bitcoin u budućnosti učiniti neupotrebljivim

Bitcoin mreža ima vrlo učinkovito tržište naknada. Tokom povijesti bilo je nekih kratkotrajnih eksponencijalnih skokova broja transakcija na mreži što je uzrokovalo porast naknada. Prosječna transakcijska naknada u dolarima u proteklih 12 mjeseci iznosila je oko 80 centi. Transakcijske naknade na mreži potrebno je razlikovati od transakcijskih naknada koje će vam naplatiti online mjenjačnice i drugi servisi kada ih koristite za povlačenje bitcoina u vlastiti novčanik. Naknade za bitcoin transakcije će zasigurno tokom vremena porasti ali zasigurno nikada neće biti na razini naknada koje vam naplaćuju ako si naprimjer novac sa računa u jednoj zemlji želite poslati na račun u drugoj zemlji. Ili npr. ako neki radnik u zapadnoj Europi svojoj obitelji u istočnoj Europi želi poslati novac. Pitajte ih koliku naknadu im naplaćuje banka na takve transfere ili neki od servisa poput Western Uniona.

Ovo se odnosi na transakcije koje se dešavaju baš na bitcoin mreži. Danas je već u punoj primjeni Lightning mreža koja je rješenje za skaliranje na bitcoinu i koja omogućuje transakcije s naknadama koje iznose samo nekoliko satoshija. Više o Lightningu možete pročitati ovdje.

Rudari kontroliraju bitcoin

Iako je istina da su rudari ključni za funkcioniranje Bitcoin mreže, nije istina da oni kontroliraju mrežu. Mreža kako bi nastavila sa funkcioniranjem treba samo malo više od 50% rudara da se ponašaju kao „pošteni igrači“. Rudari su financijski motivirani da budu pošteni igrači na mreži. U manje vjerojatnom ili besmislenom scenariju zlonamjerni rudari koji bi preuzeli kontrolu nad mrežom, održavanje iste procjenjuje se da bi ih koštalo između 300-500 tisuća dolara po satu. Osim što je to veoma skupa operacija, ako bi i uspjeli, cijena bitcoina bi u tom slučaju na tržištu pala, pa tako svaki novi bitcoin koji bi nepošteni rudari dobili zapravo ne bi pokrio troškove koje moraju uložiti za napad na Bitcoin mrežu.

Rudari će prestati s rudarenjem kada subvencije za blokove padnu

Budući da će se subvencije za nove blokove u budućnosti smanjiti, nitko sa sigurnošću ne može reći da će do toga zaista i doći. Međutim, većinsko i zajedničko mišljenje je da će rudari i dalje biti plaćeni za svoj rad na obradi transakcija i zaštiti mreže. Naknade će se povećavati kako se blok subvencije budu smanjivale. Kada do toga i dođe, vjerojatnost široke rasprostranjenosti korištenja Lightning rješenja za skaliranje je velika jer to tehnološko rješenje i prihvaćanje od strane korisnika doslovno napreduje brzinom svjetlosti. Zbog mrežne “prilagodbe kompleksnosti izračuna”, čak i da neki rudari prestanu rudariti, mreža bi i dalje normalno funkcionirala jer je programskim kodom zacrtano stvaranje novih blokova svakih 10 minuta.

Rudarenje je štetno za okoliš

Istina je da proces rudarenja temeljen na proof of work konceptu koristi značajne količine energije ali isto tako istina je da je velika većina te energije dolazi iz obnovljivih izvora. Bitcoin rudari unaprjeđuju tehnologiju „hvatanja“ energije iz izvora koji bi inače bili bačeni a to se prvenstveno odnosi na spaljivanje prirodnih plinova prilikom vađenja nafte. Bitcoin koristi energije samo onoliko koliko je potrebno da zadovolji potražnju tržišta. Sva energija koja se potroši, potroši se na očuvanje najsigurnije računalne mreže na svijetu. Trošenje energije povezano s bitcoinom uvijek se namjerno predstavlja u negativnom kontekstu koji je sponzoriran uvijek iz istih izvora. Taj izvor su uvijek pojedinci i organizacije povezane sa lažnom premisom djelovanja u smislu zaštite okoliša.

Bitcoin je jako spor

Ako bi ste koristili bitcoin za recimo svakodnevno plaćanje u trgovinama i da pri tome trebate na blagajni čekati desetak minuta da transakcija bude verificirana to naravno nije prihvatljiva solucija za nikoga. Ali ovaj problem već ima svoje rješenje i zove se Lightning mreža koja se unaprjeđuje svakodnevno. Možda još uvijek nije na razini mnogobrojnih CashApp aplikacija ali to i nije više tako daleko kada će biti. Ako pak npr. želite veću količinu novca (recimo 500.000 kuna) prebaciti sa svog bitcoin novčanika na tuđi bitcoin novčanik pri tome ne trebate nekoga u banci da vam prebroji krvna zrnca, udari pečat i naplati pečat tintu par stotina ili tisuća kuna. U tom slučaju, čekanje desetak minuta da se transakcija na mreži verificira i nije tako loša opcija.

Bitcoin je pretežak za korištenje

Težina korištenja je vrlo individualna i subjektivna kategorija. Ipak, danas je jednostavnije prisloniti karticu na POS terminalu u trgovini nego izvaditi telefon, skenirati QR kod i čekati potvrdu transakcije. Ali isto tako, ta dva dodatne koraka potrebna za provođenje bitcoin transakcije mala su cijena za prednosti koje mreža pruža. Brojni bitcoin programeri danonoćno rade kako bi poboljšali svakodnevno korisničko iskustvo korištenja bitcoin rješenja a da pri tome često za svoj rad nisu niti plaćeni. Kako i svaka druga tehnologija, potrebno je vrijeme kako bi se tehnologija razvila i usavršila kako bi postala praktična za korištenje u svakodnevnom životu.

Pojmovnik

Pojmovnik

Adresa (address) Bip (Bitcoin improvement proposal) Bitcoin ili bitcoin Blok (block) Lanac blokova (Blockchain) Centralizirana mjenjačnica (CEX) Decentralizirana mjenjačnica (DEX) Cold storage Escrow Peer-to-peer Pravila konsenzusa (Consensus Rules) Kompleksnost (Difficulty) Naknade (Fees) Hardverski novčanik Hash Hash Rate HODL Bitcoin pizza day KYC Lightning network Mempool Rudar Multisig Node Paper wallet Private key Public key Proof of Work Nagrada (Reward) Satoshi ili sat Satoshi Nakamoto SegWit Subsidy Testnet Tor Txid UTXO

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Finale: once the industry-standard of music notation software, now a cautionary tale. In this video, I explore how it slowly lost its crown through decades of missed opportunities - eventually leading to creative collapse due to various bureaucratic intrigues, unforeseen technological changes and some of the jankiest UI/UX you've ever seen.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yqaon6YHzaU

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/976219

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

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For generations before generative text, writers have used the em dash to hop between thoughts, emotions, and ideas. Dickens shaped his morality tales with it, Woolf’s stream-of-consciousness flowed through it, Kerouac let it drive his jazz-like prose. Today, Sally Rooney threads it through her quiet truths of the heart.

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But this beloved punctuation mark has become a casualty of the algorithmic age. The em dash has been so widely adopted by AI-generated text that even when used by human hands, it begs the question: was this actually written or apathetically prompted?

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The battle for the soul of writing is in full swing. And the human fightback starts here. With a new punctuation mark that serves as a symbol of real pondering, genuine daydreaming, and true editorial wordsmithery. Inspired by Descartes’ belief that thinking makes us human, the am dash is a small but powerful testament that the words you’ve painstakingly and poetically pulled together are unequivocally, certifiably, and delightfully your own.

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Let's reclain writig from AI—oneam dash at time.

Download the fonts:

— Aereal https://bit.ly/3EO6fo8 — Times New Human https://bit.ly/4jQTcRS

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Learn more about the am dash

https://www.theamdash.com

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originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/976218

@ d360efec:14907b5f

Disclaimer: * การวิเคราะห์นี้เป็นเพียงแนวทาง ไม่ใช่คำแนะนำในการซื้อขาย * การลงทุนมีความเสี่ยง ผู้ลงทุนควรตัดสินใจด้วยตนเอง

@ 9967f375:04f9a5e1

El insigne mendocino Juan Fernando Segovia falleció en el día de la festividad de Nuestra Señora de Luján, fecha significativa no sólo por ser la Patrona ríoplatense, sino además, anecdóticamente, porque cuando conocimos al profesor en tierras mejicanas tlaxcaltecas, escuchando la Santa Misa en la catedral (oficiada por el P. José Ramón García Gallardo); en un altar lateral coronandolo se encuentra una imágen de la Virgen muy parecida a la advocación, al hacerlo notar al profesor, la contempló sonriente y con mucha Fe. Este breve hecho significativo, sin duda fundamentó la labor abierta de Juan Fernando Segovia de ser fiel apóstol intelectual por los pueblos hispánicos, pues no sólo vino a compartir su sabiduría política, jurídica y moral, además de su genial convivencia con los asistentes en una, sino en las tres ediciones de las Conversaciones de la Ciudad Católica de Tlaxcala, haciendo notar la sinrazón de la cerrazón propia del nacionalismo (sin importar el apellido que le acompañe). Los Círculos Tradicionalistas de toda la Nueva España (cuyos buenos frutos son en gran parte obra de la labor incansable, conferencias presenciales y virtuales, libros y artículos de revistas para la conformación y formación continua de sus miembros), lamenta el vacío por la partida del maestro Juan Fernando Segovia.

Que Cristo Rey, a quien fielmente sirvió durante su vida, le dé el descanso eterno.

(Juan Fernando Segovia al centro, junto al P. José Ramón García y el matador Jerónimo Ramírez de Arellano en Tlaxcala, 2018).

@ e516ecb8:1be0b167

Recentemente, o podcast Scicast apresentou um episódio sobre aposentadoria, descrevendo os diferentes sistemas e sua história. Acho que, embora tenha sido um episódio interessante, foi muito injusto com o sistema de financiamento privado, que, afinal de contas, para um podcast voltado para a ciência (e que mencionou várias vezes que o sistema de repartição era matematicamente inviável), achei que alguns pontos precisavam ser esclarecidos.

Não estou dizendo que o sistema chileno é perfeito, não é, mas ele tinha potencial para melhorar e a classe política só o tornou cada vez pior.

Por exemplo, Otto von Bismarck sabia que tornaria a população idosa (os poucos que atingiram a idade de aposentadoria) dependente do Estado, e foi isso que fez com que Franco adotasse o sistema na Espanha, onde hoje é preciso aumentar os impostos para manter artificialmente o sistema de repartição.

A rentabilidade é baixa no sistema chileno, porque há lacunas (meses sem pagar) e porque você só contribui com 10%. Ou seja, se seu salário for 100, mas você contribuir com 10 em janeiro e mais nenhum mês. No final da sua vida profissional (45 anos) você terá 450 mais os rendimentos 1350, e esse total dividido pela expectativa de vida que está cada vez mais alta: 20 anos (24 meses) dá um salário de 56,25. Muito baixo, porque para o cálculo o salário era 100. Ainda mais baixo se a inflação for levada em conta. Mas o fato de haver meses sem contribuições não é levado em conta.

Deve-se considerar na rentabilidade que, em média, para cada 1 peso contribuído, são obtidos 3 pesos.Según cálculos de comissões

Várias comissões foram criadas para estudar como melhorar o sistema no Chile, e todas concluem a mesma coisa:

1- contribuir com 10% é muito baixo em comparação com outros sistemas

2- não se deve tolerar lacunas (a idade de aposentadoria não deve ser a idade natural, mas os anos de contribuição)

3- deve haver ajustes para cada aumento na expectativa de vida.

Esses três pontos acima não são tocados pelos políticos, porque são impopulares e eles vivem para a próxima eleição. Assim, eles preferem buscar outras formas, como o PGU (o salário básico universal que você já mencionou no podcast), que matematicamente já foi calculado como inviável no longo prazo.

Considere que 10% é baixo, mas ainda assim o Chile está muito bem classificado e poderia melhorar se os políticos tivessem a coragem de assumir os resultados das comissões que eles mesmos solicitaram.

https://www.65ymas.com/economia/pensiones/10-paises-con-mejores-sistemas-pensiones_22627_102.html

Foi mencionada a complexidade dos investimentos, o que é um mito, pois há fundos em que as contribuições são feitas de acordo com a idade do trabalhador (Fundo A para jovens, mais rentável, mas mais arriscado, e Fundo E, menos rentável, mas também menos arriscado). Na crise, as pessoas que perderam muito dinheiro foram porque estavam em um fundo que não correspondia à sua idade. Se você for jovem, poderá recuperar os retornos em um fundo de risco. Mas se for idoso na época da crise e não estiver em um fundo estável, já terá perdido sem poder se recuperar antes dos 65 anos.

Além disso, não se considera que há também um fundo voluntário adicional para o qual cada pessoa pode contribuir (APV), que tem benefícios como contribuições anuais do Estado para recompensar aqueles que contribuem para ele, e que também paga retornos.

Por outro lado, foi possível retirar dinheiro dos fundos individuais durante a crise pandêmica, algo que seria impossível em um fundo de repartição em que cada unidade monetária depositada por um trabalhador ativo é gasta ao mesmo tempo por um aposentado.

O modelo de repartição militar no Chile exige 20 anos de contribuições sem intervalos, qualquer intervalo e a pensão é de US$ 0, algo que não acontece no sistema civil (e não poderia acontecer porque o dinheiro lá é seu).

O sistema de capitalização individual no Chile permite que os trabalhadores possuam ativos de investimento, ativos de empresas que ajudaram o país a se desenvolver, algo que os políticos que querem derrubar o sistema parecem não entender.

E quanto à inflação? Investir em ativos que geram renda é útil tanto para mitigar a inflação quanto para ser proprietário, e esse último aspecto será relevante quando a automação chegar. Em vez de manter um registro artificial de quanto um robô produz, é mais transparente lucrar com os dividendos produzidos pela empresa em questão.

O sistema nórdico foi mencionado (que, afinal de contas, é praticamente o único sistema europeu que não está à beira do colapso). Vale a pena considerar que o dinheiro que a Noruega ganha com o petróleo vai para um fundo de investimento semelhante ao que temos individualmente no Chile, e a partir dele é paga grande parte do estado de bem-estar social norueguês. Mas isso é algo que parece muito distante, com a classe política latino-americana mais inclinada a desperdiçá-lo em bobagens populistas.

O modelo de distribuição é piramidal, embora possa parecer uma narrativa perigosa, é bom que as pessoas o vejam dessa forma (se um cidadão tirasse dinheiro dos jovens para dar aos idosos, provavelmente acabaria preso por um esquema ponzi), e a taxa de natalidade cada vez menor é um problema que o Estado não pode resolver, por mais totalitário que seja (estímulos fiscais e monetários etc. foram tentados com resultados ruins e míopes).

Além disso, por mais demonizado que seja na narrativa, o sistema chileno é um sistema misto com um pilar de solidariedade para aqueles que não contribuíram bem.

Na Argentina, passou-se da capitalização individual para o sistema de repartição, e o dinheiro foi usado pelos políticos quando não podiam pagar a conta de um Estado cada vez maior e corrupto, deixando os aposentados à mercê das migalhas dadas pelos políticos em cada campanha eleitoral. Você não confia no mercado, eu não confio no Estado.

@ b8851a06:9b120ba1

The global financial system is creaking under its own weight. The IMF is urging banks to shore up capital, cut risk, and brace for impact. Basel III is their answer, a last-ditch effort to reinforce a brittle foundation.

But behind the scenes, a quieter revolution is under way.

Bitcoin, the world’s first stateless digital asset, is no longer on the sidelines. It’s entering the Basel conversation: not by invitation, but by inevitability.

Basel III: The System’s Self-Diagnosis

Basel III is more than a technical rulebook. It’s a confession: an admission that the global banking system is vulnerable. Created in the aftermath of 2008, it calls for: • Stronger capital reserves: So banks can survive losses. • Lower leverage: To reduce the domino effect of overexposure. • Liquidity buffers: To weather short-term shocks without collapsing.

But here’s the kicker: these rules are hostile to anything outside the fiat system. Bitcoin gets hit with a punitive 1,250% risk weight. That means for every $1 of exposure, banks must hold $1 in capital. The message from regulators? “You can hold Bitcoin, but you’ll pay for it.”

Yet that fear: based framing misses a bigger truth: Bitcoin doesn’t just survive in this environment. It thrives in it.

Bitcoin: A Parallel System, Built on Hard Rules

Where Basel III imposes “fiat discipline” from the top down, Bitcoin enforces it from the bottom up: with code, math, and transparency.

Bitcoin is not just a hedge. It’s a structural antidote to systemic fragility.

Volatility: A Strategic Asset

Yes, Bitcoin is volatile. But in a system that devalues fiat on a schedule, volatility is simply the cost of freedom. Under Basel III, banks are expected to build capital buffers during economic expansions.

What asset allows you to build those buffers faster than Bitcoin in a bull market?

When the cycle turns, those reserves act as shock absorbers: converting volatility into resilience. It’s anti-fragility in motion.

Liquidity: Real, Deep, and Global

Bitcoin settled over $19 trillion in transactions in 2024. That’s not hypothetical liquidity. it’s real, measurable flow. Unlike traditional high-quality liquid assets (HQLAs), Bitcoin is: • Available 24/7 • Borderless • Not dependent on central banks

By traditional definitions, Bitcoin is rapidly qualifying for HQLA status. Even if regulators aren’t ready to admit it.

Diversification: Breaking the Fiat Dependency

Basel III is designed to pull banks back into the fiat matrix. But Bitcoin offers an escape hatch. Strategic Bitcoin reserves are not about speculation, they’re insurance. For family offices, institutions, and sovereign funds, Bitcoin is the lifeboat when the fiat ship starts taking on water.

Regulatory Realignment: The System Reacts

The Basel Committee’s new rules on crypto exposures went live in January 2025. Around the world, regulators are scrambling to define their stance. Every new restriction placed on Bitcoin only strengthens its legitimacy, as more institutions ask: Why so much resistance, if it’s not a threat?

Bitcoin doesn’t need permission. It’s already being adopted by over 150 public companies, forward-looking states, and a new class of self-sovereign individuals.

Conclusion: The Real Question

This isn’t just about Bitcoin fitting into Basel III.

The real question is: How long can Basel III remain relevant in a world where Bitcoin exists?

Bitcoin is not the risk. It’s the reality check. And it might just be the strongest capital buffer the system has ever seen.

Gradually then suddenly.

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦111111111

This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.

petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦

This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.

petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()

@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e

Bitcoin was conceived as a decentralized system where anyone can participate in the network, validate transactions, and help secure the system. However, over the years, Bitcoin mining has become increasingly concentrated in certain regions of the world, raising concerns about its decentralization and security. This debate has sparked a range of opinions, with some arguing that mining centralization could compromise Bitcoin's fundamental principles.

• Why has mining become centralized in some countries?

Bitcoin mining requires a significant amount of energy and specialized equipment, known as ASICs. Due to factors like electricity costs, climate, and regulation, some regions have become mining hubs, attracting large-scale operations. The main reasons for this concentration include:

01 - Electricity cost: Countries with cheap electricity, such as China (before the ban), Kazakhstan, and some regions of the United States, became mining centers because operational costs are significantly lower.

02 - Favorable climate: Locations with colder temperatures reduce the need for cooling systems for mining equipment, making operations more efficient.

03 - Regulation and tax incentives: Some countries foster favorable environments for mining by offering tax benefits or energy sector incentives.

• Impacts of mining centralization

The centralization of mining in certain countries raises concerns about control over the Bitcoin network. Key risks include:

01 - Censorship risk: If a country with a high concentration of miners decides to regulate or restrict mining, it could temporarily affect the network, making it more vulnerable to attacks or censorship.

02 - 51% attack: One of the biggest concerns is the possibility of a group of miners controlling more than 50% of the network’s hash power, which could allow transaction manipulation. While unlikely, this scenario is a persistent worry in the Bitcoin community.

03 - Reliance on centralized infrastructure: If mining is concentrated in a few regions, failures in local infrastructure—such as power outages or natural disasters—can significantly impact the network.

• Measures to decentralize mining

Despite the trend toward centralization, the Bitcoin network remains resilient, and there are initiatives to make mining more distributed. Some solutions include:

01 - Home and community mining: Encouraging small-scale mining can help distribute hash power more evenly.

02 - Use of renewable energy in diverse regions: As more miners adopt renewable sources, new locations are emerging as decentralized mining centers.

03 - Miner exodus: After China’s mining ban in 2021, many operations relocated to countries like the United States, Canada, and nations in Latin America, helping diversify the network.

In summary, the centralization of mining in certain regions poses a challenge for Bitcoin but does not mean the network is in immediate danger. As the industry evolves, mining is expected to become increasingly distributed, helping to safeguard the network’s security and decentralization. While it's crucial to keep an eye on this issue, Bitcoin continues to prove its resilience, constantly adapting to changes in the mining landscape.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Wer sein eigenes Geld abheben möchte, macht sich heute – in Spanien - verdächtig. Wer dort eine größere Geldmenge des eigenen Vermögens abzuheben gedenkt, muss das von nun an Tage zuvor anmelden. Diese neue Regelung lässt sich auch nicht dadurch umgehen, dass man mehrere kleine Einzelbeiträge abhebt. Und die, die die neue Regelung missachten, werden empfindlich bestraft. So gerät jeder, der zu häufig Bares abhebt, in das Visier der Behörden.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/barzahler-unter-generalverdacht-von-norbert-haring?

Was sich in Spanien an Bankautomaten und -schaltern eingeschlichen hat, könnte sich seinen Weg auch nach Deutschland bahnen. In Frankreich, so zeigt die persönliche Erfahrung, variiert die zu erzielende Geldmenge am Automaten unter noch ungeklärten Bedingungen von Tag zu Tag, von Konto zu Konto. Der Automat gibt vor, ob gerade beispielsweise 60, 200 oder 400 Euro abgehoben werden dürfen.

Hören Sie Norbert Härings Text zum spanischen Szenario der den Titel „Barzahler unter Generalverdacht“ trägt und zunächst auf seinem Blog erschienen war. norberthaering.de/news/spanien-bargeld/

Sprecher: Karsten Troyke

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦

This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.

petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦

This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.

petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦

This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.

petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦

This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.

petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> ()

@ ba3b4b1d:eadff0d3

Existem seres do tipo "troll" no folclore Português conhecidos como Trasgos, semelhantes a gnomos e duendes. Na interpretação da Vanessa Fidalgo, duende e trasgo seriam sinónimos e ela descreve-os como sendo "refilões, rebeldes, de pequena estatura, nariz arrebatado, tez rugosa, e o povo chama-lhes trasgos ou maruxinhos, que é como quem diz, duendes!"

Escondem-se nas florestas rurais e são famosos por pregar partidas aos viajantes, especialmente aos pastores de ovelhas. Essas criaturas anãs podem aparecer nas lareiras e tornar-se bastante invasivas. Mesmo que alguém se mude de casa, os Trasgos seguem-nos até ao novo lar. Existem rituais que, alegadamente, conseguem expulsar os Trasgos de uma casa.

A natureza jovial e traquina destes seres está relacionada com um Fadário Galego, em que se acreditava que eles eram resultado de crianças que morriam novas, em que a alma ficava presa a uma casa ou a um local agrícola relacionado com a família.

No folclore leonês, são chamados de Trasgos. No folclore castelhano e aragonês, são conhecidos como Martinitos.

Nas Astúrias, o trasgo é conhecido por nomes diferentes, dependendo da localização. Ele é conhecido como Trasno, Cornín ou Xuan Dos Camíos nas Astúrias ocidentais. Ele é conhecido como Gorretín Colorau ou aquele com o "gorro encarnado" (ambos significando "pequeno chapéu vermelho"), nas Astúrias orientais.

Na mitologia Celta, são conhecidos por "Far Darrig" que significa "homem vermelho".

Algumas interpretações sugerem que encarna a natureza caprichosa do destino, lembrando os humanos da imprevisibilidade da jornada da vida. Outras vêem-no como uma representação dos aspectos selvagens e indomáveis do mundo natural, existindo nas margens da compreensão humana.

@ ba3b4b1d:eadff0d3

Outro indício de que as relações entre Celtas e Ibéros não foi unilateral é a existência em solo Irlandês da planta Erica mackaiana, conhecida como Urze Galego ou Asturiano

Esta é uma espécie de urze encontrada exclusivamente nas costas da Galiza, Irlanda, Astúrias e Cantábria. Estas plantas estão sempre localizadas a menos de 10 km das margens, na proximidade de povoações costeiras da Idade do Ferro.

Não são nativas da Irlanda. Há indícios que sugerem que muitas espécies da fauna hiberno-lusitana chegaram à Irlanda devido a uma intensa actividade comercial exclusivamente marítima. Por exemplo, a Erica erigena, originalmente nativa da Gália e da Hispânia, é teoricamente considerada como tendo sido transplantada para solo irlandês através do comércio de vinho galaico.

Os indícios de contrabando de E. mackiana incluem o facto de serem encontradas apenas em portos que levam a rotas interiores e em baías isoladas. O local com a maior concentração desta espécie é o Pântano de Roundstone, situado entre duas enseadas isoladas, atravessado por uma antiga estrada de Connemara, uma área com uma longa história de contrabando. Em Kerry, há uma estrada conhecida como Trilho dos Contrabandistas, que foi a principal área de distribuição desta espécie.

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/helge-buttkereit-medienkritik-als-trotziger-idealismus-teil-2?

@ ba3b4b1d:eadff0d3

Aisling é um género literário que se tornou popular na Irlanda nos séculos XVII e XVIII depois do tumulto da Guerra Williamita, misturando elementos de folclore, nacionalismo e romantismo. Ela encapsulava um anseio por identidade e liberdade, utilizando a figura da mulher bela como um poderoso símbolo de esperança e aspiração.

Mas a história da Aisling não começa aí e uma das suas origens é o conto muito confuso de Caer Ibormeith, também conhecida por Coerabar Boeth.

(https://yakihonne.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com/ba3b4b1d1c5cc2707f71924368a7adcded1829921c86e022f1cb8117eadff0d3/files/1746834499215-YAKIHONNES3.jpg)

Ela era filha de Etal Anbuail, um rei Feérico dos Tuatha Dé Danann "povos da deusa Danu"; uma filidh - um nome que mais tarde foi atribuido aos poetas da Irlanda com proezas proféticas, uma vez que Ibormeith era a deusa das profecias, de certa forma semelhante a um "bardo", como se diz em Português. A cada Samhain, 31 de Outubro, quando o Mundo dos Vivos se aproximava do Mundo dos Mortos, ela transformava-se num cisne, até ao Samhain seguinte em que regressava à sua forma humana. Numa das versões desse conto, Ibormeith, após consulta ou por iniciativa própria, apaixona-se por Óengus. Numa noite, ela aparece nos sonhos dele tocando a mais bela melodia e quando ele acorda sabe que está apaixonado mas não sabia quem era aquela bela mulher nem onde a poderia encontrar. Ele fica completamente down bad e cada dia que passa só pensa em voltar sonhar com ela outra vez, e ela todas as noites volta a aparecer-lhe no Mundos dos Sonhos. Um dia, Óengus perde o apetite e adoece. Um médico foi chamado. Ele adivinhou a causa da doença de Óengus e disse a Bóann, mãe de Óengus, para encontrar a jovem dos sonhos dele. Bóann procurou durante um ano, mas sem sucesso. Então, eles pediram ajuda ao seu pai, o Dagdha, que também procurou um ano mas sem sucesso. Então foi pedido ao seu irmão Bodb que encontrasse um lugar com a descrição segundo os sonhos. Mas o pai dela, Etal, não permitia que qualquer um ficasse com a mão da sua filha e então revelou que para a conquistar teria que esperar pelo Loch Bél Dragain que significa "Lago da Boca do Dragão" para a encontrar na manhã do Samhain e a chamasse pelo nome. Nesse dia havia 150 cisnes* nesse lago, carregando correntes de prata e Óengus começou a panicar por não encontrar a sua Ibormeith, mas foi então que reparou num cisne mais bonito que os outros, com correntes de ouro e prata, e quando disse o seu nome ela revelou a sua forma humana e perguntou-lhe porque demorou tanto tempo.

Depois disse transformaram-se em cisnes e cantaram uma música tão bela que os humanos dormiram durante 3 dias e Óengus ficou conhecido como deus do amor e da juventude.

*Na mitologia irlandesa, o número 150 refere-se frequentemente aos Cinquenta Guerreiros dos Tuatha Dé Danann e a figura dos cisnes é frequente e também utilizada nas obras de Hans Christian Andersen e Tchaikovsky. Outras versões do conto não dizem cisnes, dizem aves, ou a história acontece de maneira ligeiramente diferente - quem conta um conto acrescenta um ponto.![image]

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

"Kleines Erste-Hilfe-Büchlein gegen Propaganda" von 2023. „Normalerweise hört man das Wort „Propaganda“ im Mainstream-Diskurs nur, wenn es um Dinge geht, die andere Länder ihren eigenen Bürgern antun oder Teil ausländischer Beeinflussungsoperationen sind, obwohl in der überwältigenden Mehrheit der Fälle, in denen wir in unserem täglichen Leben Propaganda erlebt haben, der Anruf aus dem eigenen Haus kam.“

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/helge-buttkereit-medienkritik-als-trotziger-idealismus?

In der Folge dokumentiert sie einige gravierende Beispiele aus den US-Medien. Auch in Deutschland fehlt es den Massenmedien an der nötigen Distanz zur Regierung und ihrem Werte-Narrativ. Was umso gefährlicher ist, da sie über „Definitionsmacht“ verfügen. Auch wenn wir selbst diese Medien nicht konsumieren, so können wir doch sicher sein, dass die große Mehrheit der Bürger sie konsultiert und damit deren Sicht auf die Welt massiv beeinflusst wird. „Wenn wir die Tagesschau einschalten, erfahren wir nichts über die ‘Wirklichkeit’. Wir lernen vielmehr, wer es geschafft hat, seine Sicht auf die Wirklichkeit in die Propaganda-Matrix einzuschreiben“, verrät der Medienwissenschaftler Michael Meyen in seinem Buch "Die Propaganda-Matrix". Nun gilt jedoch die Presse in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung als „Vierte Gewalt“ der Demokratie. Ihre Aufgabe wäre es demnach, die zunehmend verflochtenen Staatsgewalten Legislative, Exekutive und Judikative zu kontrollieren. Die Realität sieht anders aus. Dabei übersieht selbst die immer häufiger auftretende Medienkritik, dass die „Vierte Gewalt“ von den Herrschenden nie in dieser Funktion gedacht war – schließlich waren und sind die Medien seit je her in den Händen von Regierungen und Konzernen, schreibt unser Autor Helge Buttkereit. Hören Sie seinen zweiteiligen Beitrag „Medienkritik als trotziger Idealismus“, der zunächst beim Magazin Multipolar erschienen war: multipolar-magazin.de/artikel/medien…tik-idealismus

Sprecher: Karsten Troyke

Bild-Collage: Radio München

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Herzlichen Glückwunsch zu einem weiteren denkwürdigen Europa-Tag, den wir mit einem Manifest des european-peace-projects begehen. Europaweit beteiligen sich heute Institutionen, Vereine und Bürger, die um 17 Uhr die Fenster öffnen und dieses Manifest laut verlesen. Wer das nicht möchte oder kann, schaltet vielleicht Radio München ein:

\ https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/european-peace-project-das-manifest-heute-17-uhr?

@ bbef5093:71228592

A francia székhelyű Newcleo, az olasz dizájncég Pininfarina és az olasz hajógyártó Fincantieri bemutatták a TL-40 nevű, következő generációs, hajókra szánt nukleáris reaktor teljes méretű modelljét a 19. Velencei Építészeti Biennálén[1][2][5][6][7].

A TL-40 reaktor főbb jellemzői

• IV. generációs, ólom-hűtésű kis moduláris reaktor (SMR), amelyet nagy hajók meghajtására fejlesztettek ki[1][2][5][6].
• Kompakt, biztonságos és fenntartható: A reaktor passzív biztonsági rendszereket alkalmaz, amelyek a fizika törvényein keresztül kizárják a nukleáris balesetek lehetőségét[2][5][6].
• Nukleáris hulladék újrahasznosítása: A TL-40 képes újrafeldolgozott nukleáris hulladékot üzemanyagként használni, ezzel egyszerre járul hozzá az energiatermeléshez és a hulladékcsökkentéshez[1][2][5][6].
• Formatervezés és ipari háttér: A Pininfarina gondoskodott a dizájnról és a reaktor esztétikai megjelenéséről, míg a Fincantieri a hajógyártási tapasztalatát adta hozzá[1][2][5][6][7].
• Nyitott konfiguráció: A reaktor vázája lehetővé teszi a látogatók számára, hogy belülről is megismerjék a technológiát, interaktív módon[1][2][5].

Technológiai és környezeti jelentőség

• Dekarbonizáció: A fejlesztés célja, hogy a nukleáris energiát a hajózás szektorában is a szén-dioxid-kibocsátás csökkentésének eszközeként alkalmazzák[1][2][5][6].
• Európai hulladék hasznosítása: A jelenleg Európában tárolt nukleáris hulladék elegendő lenne a kontinens villamosenergia-igényének fedezésére évszázadokon át, ha ilyen típusú reaktorokban hasznosítanák[2][5][6].
• Kreatív szemlélet: A projekt célja a nukleáris energia társadalmi megítélésének javítása, bemutatva, hogy az lehet egyszerre biztonságos, esztétikus és fenntartható[1][5][6][7].

Együttműködés és jövőbeli tervek

• Folyamatos együttműködés: A Newcleo és a Fincantieri 2023 óta dolgoznak együtt a tengeri alkalmazások fejlesztésén[2][5][6][7].
• Kutatás-fejlesztés: A Pininfarina a Newcleo franciaországi (Chusclan) nukleáris üzemanyag kutató-fejlesztő központjának tervezésében is részt vesz[2][5][6][7].
• Első demonstrációs reaktor: A Newcleo célja, hogy 2031-re bemutassa az első demonstrációs reaktort, 2033-ra pedig kereskedelmi forgalomba hozza azt[8].
• Földi alkalmazás: A vállalat már megkezdte a földi, ólom-hűtésű LFR-AS-30 reaktor telephelyének előkészítését Franciaországban (Chinon régió)[8].
• Európai támogatás: Az LFR dizájn 2024 októberében felkerült az Európai Ipari Szövetség támogatásra javasolt SMR-listájára[8].

Idézetek a projekt vezetőitől

„Ez nem a nagyapáink reaktora. Fenntartható, előremutató technológia, amely a való világ és a klímaváltozás kihívásaira készült.”
(Stefano Buono, a Newcleo vezérigazgatója)[1][5][6][7]

„A dizájn stratégiai szerepet játszik a fenntartható energia megoldások fejlesztésében, biztosítva a társadalmi és környezeti szempontok teljes integrációját az innovációs folyamat során.”
(Silvio Angori, a Pininfarina vezérigazgatója)[6][7]

Hivatkozások: [1] newcleo, Pininfarina and Fincantieri unveil the future of clean ... https://www.maddyness.com/uk/2025/05/08/newcleo-pininfarina-and-fincantieri-unveil-the-future-of-clean-energy-at-the-venice-biennale/ [2] Newcleo, Pininfarina, and Fincantieri showcase next-generation ... https://www.shippax.com/en/news/newcleo-pininfarina-and-fincantieri-showcase-next-generation-nuclear-power-solution-for-potential-marine-applications.aspx [3] Newcleo and Fincantieri unveil lead-cooled fast nuclear reactor for ... https://www.bairdmaritime.com/shipping/newcleo-and-fincantieri-unveil-lead-cooled-fast-nuclear-reactor-for-maritime-applications [4] Fincantieri Launches Nuclear-Propulsion Study With Newcleo https://maritime-executive.com/article/fincantieri-joints-nuclear-propulsion-study-with-newcleo [5] Industry Partners Showcase Next-Gen Nuclear Reactor For https://www.marinelink.com/news/industry-partners-showcase-nextgen-525512 [6] Fincantieri, newcleo and Pininfarina reveal the look of new nuclear ... https://www.fincantieri.com/en/media/press-releases/2025/fincantieri-newcleo-pininfarina-at-the-venice-biennale/ [7] Fincantieri S p A : , newcleo and Pininfarina reveal the look of new ... https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/FINCANTIERI-S-P-A-16796084/news/Fincantieri-S-p-A-newcleo-and-Pininfarina-reveal-the-look-of-new-nuclear-power-at-the-19th-Inter-49877851/ [8] Pininfarina - NucNet | Independent Nuclear News https://www.nucnet.org/news/tagged/Pininfarina [9] newcleo, Fincantieri and RINA working together on feasibility study ... https://www.rina.org/en/media/press/2023/07/25/newcleo-fincantieri-rina [10] Fincantieri, RINA team up with newcleo to test feasibility of nuclear ... https://www.offshore-energy.biz/fincantieri-rina-team-up-with-newcleo-to-test-feasibility-of-nuclear-naval-propulsion/ [11] newcleo #pininfarina #fincantieri #biennalearchitettura2025 ... https://www.linkedin.com/posts/newcleo_newcleo-pininfarina-fincantieri-activity-7295080775878647810-6i6X [12] A Fourth-Generation Reactor at the Venice Architecture Biennale https://www.theplan.it/eng/whats_on/a-reactor-fourth-generation-pininfarina-newcleo-fincantieri

@ ba3b4b1d:eadff0d3

O culto de Sol Invictus (Sol Invicto, ou "Sol Não Vencido") foi oficialmente instituído como religião estatal do Império Romano pelo imperador Aureliano em 274 d.C., marcando um momento relevante na história religiosa romana. Este culto, que celebrava o Sol como divindade suprema e invencível, estabeleceu celebrações anuais a 25 de Dezembro, uma data estrategicamente escolhida pela sua proximidade com o solstício de Inverno no calendário juliano. Contudo, o culto de Sol Invictus não surgiu isoladamente; tratava-se, na verdade, de uma reformulação e revitalização de práticas religiosas romanas muito mais antigas que veneravam Sol, a personificação deificada do Sol, uma figura presente na religião romana desde os tempos da República.

Antes da oficialização por Aureliano, o culto ao Sol já era praticado em Roma sob diversas formas. Na mitologia romana, Sol era frequentemente associado a deuses solares de outras culturas, como o grego Hélios e, mais tarde, o persa Mitra, cujo culto (o mitraísmo) alcançou grande popularidade entre os soldados romanos nos séculos II e III d.C. O mitraísmo, com os seus rituais iniciáticos e ênfase no Sol como símbolo de renovação e vitória, influenciou profundamente a iconografia e os conceitos do culto de Sol Invictus. A decisão de Aureliano de promover Sol Invictus como divindade unificadora do Império não foi apenas religiosa, mas também política: numa era de crises internas e externas, o culto ao Sol servia como símbolo de estabilidade, poder e unidade, sobretudo após a vitória de Aureliano contra a rainha Zenóbia do Reino de Palmira, cuja derrota foi atribuída à protecção divina do Sol.

Um dos festivais mais significativos associados ao culto era o Dies Natalis Solis Invicti ("Aniversário do Sol Invicto"), celebrado no solstício de Inverno, por volta de 21 de Dezembro, quando o dia começava a prolongar-se novamente, simbolizando a vitória do Sol sobre a escuridão. Este festival, profundamente enraizado no ciclo natural e astronómico, celebrava o renascimento do Sol e a sua força invencível. A proximidade temporal entre o Dies Natalis e a data de 25 de Dezembro, oficialmente adoptada para Sol Invictus, facilitou a sobreposição de significados e práticas religiosas. A ascensão do Cristianismo no Império Romano, particularmente após a conversão do imperador Constantino no início do século IV, conduziu a uma complexa interacção entre os cultos pagãos e a nova religião. É amplamente reconhecido pelos historiadores que o Cristianismo, ao estabelecer-se como religião dominante, absorveu e adaptou elementos de festivais pagãos para facilitar a conversão das populações e consolidar a sua influência. A escolha do 25 de Dezembro como data do nascimento de Jesus Cristo, que não tem fundamento nos textos bíblicos canónicos, é um exemplo evidente deste sincretismo. A data coincidia convenientemente com as celebrações de Sol Invictus e outros festivais pagãos, como a Saturnália, um período de festividades em honra do deus Saturno que ocorria em meados de Dezembro. O simbolismo do Sol, associado à luz, renovação e vitória sobre as trevas, era facilmente adaptável à narrativa cristã. Jesus, frequentemente descrito como a "Luz do Mundo" nos evangelhos (João 8:12), foi associado ao simbolismo solar, e a sua ressurreição passou a ser celebrada como uma vitória sobre a morte, semelhante ao retorno triunfal do Sol no solstício. A iconografia cristã também reflectiu esta influência: imagens de Cristo com uma auréola, reminiscentes dos raios solares, ecoavam representações de Sol Invictus e Hélios. Além disso, o mitraísmo, com os seus rituais de renovação e ênfase num salvador divino, apresentava paralelos com o Cristianismo, o que poderá ter facilitado a transição de fiéis de um culto para o outro.

Importa notar que a adopção do 25 de Dezembro como o Natal cristão não foi imediata. Registos históricos sugerem que a data só foi formalmente estabelecida no século IV, durante o reinado de Constantino e sob a influência da Igreja de Roma. O Papa Júlio I, por volta de 350 d.C., é frequentemente creditado por oficializar a celebração do nascimento de Cristo nesta data. Esta escolha foi estratégica, pois permitiu que o Cristianismo se sobrepusesse aos festivais pagãos, reinterpretando as suas tradições num contexto cristão. Paralelamente, na Sibéria, os cultos xamânicos envolvendo o cogumelo Amanita muscaria também se relacionam com o solstício de Inverno. Povos como os Evenki e os Chukchi utilizavam este cogumelo alucinogénio em rituais para enfrentar o rigoroso Inverno, induzindo visões de renas voadoras e trenós, que alguns estudiosos associam à origem das lendas do Pai Natal. A Amanita muscaria, com o seu píleo vermelho e branco, crescia sob pinheiros, que se tornaram símbolos das árvores de Natal. Os xamãs siberianos distribuíam estes cogumelos secos como "presentes" durante o solstício, muitas vezes entrando nas casas pela chaminé devido à neve, um costume que ecoa na figura do Pai Natal. Assim, tanto o culto de Sol Invictus como os rituais siberianos da Amanita muscaria convergem no simbolismo do solstício de Inverno, influenciando, de formas distintas, as tradições natalícias cristãs.

A escolha de 25 de Dezembro facilitou a integração de tradições pagãs, como a Saturnália e os cultos solares, numa narrativa cristã, com Jesus como a "Luz do Mundo".

Assim, o culto de Sol Invictus e as suas raízes no culto romano a Sol desempenharam um papel crucial na formação das celebrações cristãs do Natal. A amalgamação de elementos pagãos e cristãos reflecte a capacidade do Cristianismo de se adaptar às culturas locais, transformando símbolos e rituais profundamente enraizados em novas expressões de fé. Este processo de sincretismo não só garantiu a sobrevivência do Cristianismo num mundo religiosamente diverso, como também moldou a forma como o Natal é celebrado até hoje, com ecos das antigas tradições solares ainda presentes na sua simbologia de luz e renovação.

@ 32092ec1:8e9fd13a

Bitcoin controversies are not new, in fact, bitcoin’s past has been riddled with one controversy after another. From the viewpoint of a financial investor, controversies are not good. They drive investor fear by amplifying uncertainty and introducing doubt about the future viability of the project. Although bitcoin is an investable asset, and there are certainly individuals, companies and countries who are investing in bitcoin strictly as a new, diversified financial asset that shows growth characteristics the likes of which humanity has rarely seen, bitcoin is not exclusively a financial instrument. Bitcoin is a network that is only as strong as the people running the miners who create the blocks, the nodes that propagate the blocks, and the users who hold the keys.

In this post I do not care to share my view on any of the latest bitcoin controversies, whether that be about OP_RETURNs, MSTR, Blackrock, MSTY, inscriptions, soft fork proposals, mempools, bitcoin strategic reserves, 21, chain surveillance, on-chain privacy, shitcoins projects, or anything else that anyone cares to opine about on Nostr or X to signal their support or opposition for what they think is critical to the success or failure of bitcoin. What I do care to share here is the ONLY winning strategy to defend bitcoin no matter what your opinion its future: USE THE TOOLS, RUN THE CODE, HOLD YOUR KEYS, TAKE RESPONSIBILITY.

In my humble opinion, the biggest problem with the current batch of bitcoin controversies is that so many people are sharing their opinions and expressing their fears about the future of bitcoin who are not even using the tools; they aren’t running the code, supporting the network or even holding their own keys. Everyone is free to share their opinions about the future of bitcoin and allowing everyone a voice is critical if we are serious about adopting the best ideas. Many visionaries have participated in the growth and development of bitcoin up to this point; we are truly standing on the shoulders of giants.
But before jumping to conclusions and spreading opinions about whether people are good faith or bad faith actors in the bitcoin space, I believe we should all hold ourselves to a certain standard. Set a minimum threshold of education for yourself before you jump on one side or the other of the latest controversy. We have tools that offer a level of sovereignty that is unparalleled in the legacy financial world, are you using them?

Don’t like what MSTR is doing? Hold your keys in cold storage, then share your opinion.

Think Blackrock wants to use Bitcoin to launch a dystopian new world order agenda? Tell everyone to run a node, implement on-chain privacy strategies and hold their keys in cold storage.

Are Bitcoin developers making changes you don’t like? Use an alternative implementation, get a Bitaxe and construct your own block templates; for almost everyone this will be a stronger signal than shitposting or spreading FUD on the socials.

If you really want to defend bitcoin, think about how you are using it today. Who are you trusting to put your transactions into a block? Who are you trusting to propagate your transactions across the network? Who are you trusting to hold your keys? Who estimates your transaction fees? If you don’t trust the people who you are currently depending on, move your trust elsewhere, or increase your sovereignty and rely on yourself for some, or all, of these functions.

We make bitcoin what it is today, and we will define what bitcoin will be in the future. If we want to defend bitcoin it is our responsibility to keep it as decentralized as possible and that starts with every individual using the tools, running the code, doing the research and taking responsibility for their money.

895982

@ 000002de:c05780a7

I've been eager to share my thoughts on "Return of the Strong Gods" by R.R. Reno since I finished it a week ago.

I found this book incredibly insightful. @SimpleStacker's excellent review prompted me to pick it up, and I'm glad I did. While I won't be providing a full review, I will share some of the key insights and thoughts that resonated with me.

Reno masterfully dissects the sociological underpinnings of the political shifts in the US and the Western world over the past decade and a half. His analysis of the rise of populism and nationalism is compelling and rings true to my personal observations. Reno's central thesis is that post-WW2, the West embraced "weaker gods"—ideals like democracy, pluralism, and liberalism—fearing a repeat of the strong nationalistic sentiments that led to Hitler's rise. He argues that this shift has left many people feeling culturally homeless and desperate for strong leadership that listens to their grievances.

A significant portion of Reno's argument is built on the ideas of Karl Popper, a philosopher I was unfamiliar with before reading this book. Popper's work "The Open Society and Its Enemies" has significantly influenced post-war consensus, which Reno argues has led to a disconnect between the political elite and the common people. This disconnect, he posits, is a primary driver of populist sentiments.

Reno also delves into economics, discussing Friedrich Hayek and his agreement with some of Popper's positions. This intersection of philosophy and economics provides a unique lens through which to view the political landscape. Reno's mention of the Treaty of Versailles as a catalyst for Hitler's rise is a point often overlooked in discussions about WW2. He argues that the punitive measures imposed on Germany created an environment ripe for a strongman to emerge.

One of the most compelling aspects of Reno's argument is his explanation of how the political elite often lose touch with the values and wishes of the people they represent. He draws a powerful analogy between cultural homelessness and the desperation that drives people to seek strong leadership. This section of the book particularly resonated with me, as it aligns with my own observations of the political climate.

I would have liked Reno to start his analysis with Woodrow Wilson, whose "making the world safe for democracy" slogan embodied a form of Christian nationalism. Wilson's ideals and the post-WW1 environment laid the groundwork for the open society movement, which Reno critiques. Exploring this historical context could have strengthened Reno's argument.

Reno occasionally conflates economic liberalism with libertinism, which I found to be a minor flaw in an otherwise strong argument. He rightly points out the need for moral ethics in society but seems to overlook the distinction between economic freedom and moral laxity. Reno's discussion of Milton Friedman's ideas further highlights this confusion. While Reno argues that free trade has contributed to many of our modern ills, I believe the issue lies more with nation-state trade agreements like NAFTA, which are not true examples of free trade.

Another area where I disagree with Reno is his conflation of the nation with the state. Nations are cultural entities that predate and can exist independently of states. Reno's argument would be stronger if he acknowledged this distinction, as it would clarify his points about national pride and cultural heritage.

Reno's final chapters offer a cautionary tale about the return of strong gods and the danger of making them idols. He warns against authoritarianism and the overreach of the state, advocating for a balance that respects cultural heritage without succumbing to nationalism.

In conclusion, "Return of the Strong Gods" is a thought-provoking exploration of the political and cultural shifts of our time. Reno's insights are valuable, and his arguments, while not without flaws, provide a fresh perspective on the rise of populism and nationalism. I recommend this book to anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the forces shaping our world today.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/975849

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Feeder (it's free and open source)
2. Discover RSS feeds from various sources (see links below)
3. Copy the Feed URL
4. Open Feeder, tap the ⁞ icon, and choose Add Feed
5. Paste the Feed URL and tap Search
6. Select the found RSS feed item
7. Scroll down and tap OK

Some Sources

• RSS Finder
• Feedspot

ℹ️ You can also use YouTube channel URLs as feeds

@ 9223d2fa:b57e3de7

13,734 steps

@ fe820c8e:d2d76f04

Nostr Demo

This is your course initialization stub.

Please see the Docs to find out what is possible in LiaScript.

If you want to use instant help in your Atom IDE, please type lia to see all available shortcuts.

Markdown

You can use common Markdown syntax to create your course, such as:

1. Lists

2. ordered or

3. unordered

4. ones ...

| Header 1 | Header 2 | | :--------- | :--------- | | Item 1 | Item 2 |

Images:

Extensions

 --{{0}}--

But you can also include other features such as spoken text.

  --{{1}}--

Insert any kind of audio file:

   {{1}}

?audio

 --{{2}}--

Even videos or change the language completely.

   {{2-3}}

!?video

  --{{3 Russian Female}}--

Первоначально создан в 2004 году Джоном Грубером (англ. John Gruber) и Аароном Шварцем. Многие идеи языка были позаимствованы из существующих соглашений по разметке текста в электронных письмах...

{{3}}

Type "voice" to see a list of all available languages.

Styling

The whole text-block should appear in purple color and with a wobbling effect. Which is a bad example, please use it with caution ... ~~ only this is red ;-) ~~

Charts

Use ASCII-Art to draw diagrams:

                                Multiline
1.9 |    DOTS
    |                 ***
  y |               *     *
  - | r r r r r r r*r r r r*r r r r r r r
  a |             *         *
  x |            *           *
  i | B B B B B * B B B B B B * B B B B B
  s |         *                 *
    | *  * *                       * *  *
 -1 +------------------------------------
    0              x-axis               1

Quizzes

A Textquiz

What did the fish say when he hit a concrete wall?

[[dam]]

Multiple Choice

Just add as many points as you wish:

[[X]] Only the **X** marks the correct point.
[[ ]] Empty ones are wrong.
[[X]] ...

Single Choice

Just add as many points as you wish:

[( )] ...
[(X)] <-- Only the **X** is allowed.
[( )] ...

Executable Code

A drawing example, for demonstrating that any JavaScript library can be used, also for drawing.

```javascript // Initialize a Line chart in the container with the ID chart1 new Chartist.Line('#chart1', { labels: [1, 2, 3, 4], series: [[100, 120, 180, 200]] });

// Initialize a Line chart in the container with the ID chart2 new Chartist.Bar('#chart2', { labels: [1, 2, 3, 4], series: [[5, 2, 8, 3]] }); ```

Projects

You can make your code executable and define projects:

``` js -EvalScript.js let who = data.first_name + " " + data.last_name;

if(data.online) { who + " is online"; } else { who + " is NOT online"; } json +Data.json { "first_name" : "Sammy", "last_name" : "Shark", "online" : true } ```

More

Find out what you can even do more with quizzes:

https://liascript.github.io/course/?https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liaScript/docs/master/README.md

@ a5c85eea:82503ea8

Nostr - Test

This is your course initialization stub.

Please see the Docs to find out what is possible in LiaScript.

If you want to use instant help in your Atom IDE, please type lia to see all available shortcuts.

Markdown

You can use common Markdown syntax to create your course, such as:

1. Lists

2. ordered or

3. unordered

4. ones ...

| Header 1 | Header 2 | | :--------- | :--------- | | Item 1 | Item 2 |

Images:

Extensions

 --{{0}}--

But you can also include other features such as spoken text.

  --{{1}}--

Insert any kind of audio file:

   {{1}}

?audio

 --{{2}}--

Even videos or change the language completely.

   {{2-3}}

!?video

  --{{3 Russian Female}}--

Первоначально создан в 2004 году Джоном Грубером (англ. John Gruber) и Аароном Шварцем. Многие идеи языка были позаимствованы из существующих соглашений по разметке текста в электронных письмах...

{{3}}

Type "voice" to see a list of all available languages.

Styling

The whole text-block should appear in purple color and with a wobbling effect. Which is a bad example, please use it with caution ... ~~ only this is red ;-) ~~

Charts

Use ASCII-Art to draw diagrams:

                                Multiline
1.9 |    DOTS
    |                 ***
  y |               *     *
  - | r r r r r r r*r r r r*r r r r r r r
  a |             *         *
  x |            *           *
  i | B B B B B * B B B B B B * B B B B B
  s |         *                 *
    | *  * *                       * *  *
 -1 +------------------------------------
    0              x-axis               1

Quizzes

A Textquiz

What did the fish say when he hit a concrete wall?

[[dam]]

Multiple Choice

Just add as many points as you wish:

[[X]] Only the **X** marks the correct point.
[[ ]] Empty ones are wrong.
[[X]] ...

Single Choice

Just add as many points as you wish:

[( )] ...
[(X)] <-- Only the **X** is allowed.
[( )] ...

Executable Code

A drawing example, for demonstrating that any JavaScript library can be used, also for drawing.

```javascript // Initialize a Line chart in the container with the ID chart1 new Chartist.Line('#chart1', { labels: [1, 2, 3, 4], series: [[100, 120, 180, 200]] });

// Initialize a Line chart in the container with the ID chart2 new Chartist.Bar('#chart2', { labels: [1, 2, 3, 4], series: [[5, 2, 8, 3]] }); ```

Projects

You can make your code executable and define projects:

``` js -EvalScript.js let who = data.first_name + " " + data.last_name;

if(data.online) { who + " is online"; } else { who + " is NOT online"; } json +Data.json { "first_name" : "Sammy", "last_name" : "Shark", "online" : true } ```

More

Find out what you can even do more with quizzes:

https://liascript.github.io/course/?https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liaScript/docs/master/README.md

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

clients #list #descentralismo #english #article #finalversion

*These clients are generally applications on the Nostr network that allow you to use the same account, regardless of the app used, keeping your messages and profile intact.

**However, you may need to meet certain requirements regarding access and account NIP for some clients, so that you can access them securely and use their features correctly.

---

CLIENTS

---

Twitter like

• Nostrmo - [source] 🌐🤖🍎💻(🐧🪟🍎)
• Coracle - Super App [source] 🌐
• Amethyst - Super App with note edit, delete and other stuff with Tor [source] 🤖
• Primal - Social and wallet [source] 🌐🤖🍎
• Iris - [source] 🌐🤖🍎
• Current - [source] 🤖🍎
• FreeFrom 🤖🍎
• Openvibe - Nostr and others (new Plebstr) [source] 🤖🍎
• Snort 🌐(🤖[early access]) [onion] [source]
• Damus 🍎 [source]
• Nos 🍎 [source]
• Nostur 🍎 [source]
• NostrBand 🌐 [info] [source]
• Yana 🤖🍎🌐💻(🐧) [source]
• Nostribe [on development] 🌐 [source]
• Lume 💻(🐧🪟🍎) [info] [source]
• Gossip - [source] 💻(🐧🪟🍎)
• Camelus [early access] 🤖 [source]

---

Communities

• CCNS - Community Curated Nostr Stuff [source]
• noStrudel - Gamified Experience [onion] [info/source] 🌐
• [Nostrudel Next] - [onion]
• moStard - Nostrudel with Monero [onion] [info/source] 🌐
• Nostr Kiwi [creator] 🌐
• Satellite [info] 🌐
• Flotilla - [source] 🌐🐧
• Chachi - [source] 🌐
• Futr - Coded in haskell [source] 🐧 (others soon)
• Soapbox - Comunnity server [info] [source] 🌐
• Ditto - Soapbox comunnity server 🌐 [source] 🌐
• Cobrafuma - Nostr brazilian community on Ditto [info] 🌐
• Zapddit - Reddit like [source] 🌐
• Voyage (Reddit like) [on development] 🤖

---

Wiki

• Wikifreedia [source] 🌐
• Wikinostr [source] 🌐
• Wikistr [info] [source] 🌐

---

Search

• Advanced nostr search - Advanced note search by isolated terms related to a npub profile [source] 🌐
• Nos Today - Global note search by isolated terms [info] [source] 🌐
• Nostr Search Engine - API for Nostr clients [source]
• Ntrends - Trending notes and profiles 🌐

---

Website

• Nsite - Nostr Site [onion] [info] [source]
• Npub pro - Your site on Nostr [source]

---

App Store

ZapStore - Permitionless App Store [source] 🤖 💻(🐧🍎)

---

Video and Live Streaming

• Flare - Youtube like 🌐 [source]
• ZapStream - Live streaming and zap who you want (NIP-53) [source] 🤖(on zapstore) 🌐
• Swae - Live streaming [source] (on development) ⏳

---

Audio and Podcast Transmission

• Castr - Your npub as podcast feed [source]
• Nostr Nests - Audio Chats [source] 🌐
• Fountain - Podcast [source] 🤖🍎
• Corny Chat - Audio Chat [source] 🌐

---

Music

• Tidal - Music Streaming [source] [about] [info] 🤖🍎🌐
• Wavlake - Music Streaming [source] 🌐(🤖🍎 [early access])
• Tunestr - Musical Events [source] [about] 🌐
• Stemstr - Musical Colab (paid to post) [source] [about] 🌐

---

Images

• Lumina - Trending images and pictures [source] 🌐
• Pinstr - Pinterest like [source] 🌐
• Slidestr - DeviantArt like [source] 🌐
• Memestr - ifunny like [source] 🌐

---

Download and Upload

• DTAN - Distributed Torrent Archive on Nostr [info] [source] 🌐

---

Documents, graphics and tables

• Mindstr - Mind maps [source] 🌐
• Docstr - Share Docs [info] [source] 🌐
• Formstr - Share Forms [info] 🌐
• Sheetstr - Share Spreadsheets [source] 🌐
• Slide Maker - Share slides 🌐 (advice: https://zaplinks.lol/ and https://zaplinks.lol/slides/ sites are down)

---

Health

• Sobrkey - Sobriety and mental health [source] 🌐
• NosFabrica - Finding ways for your health data 🌐
• LazerEyes - Eye prescription by DM [source] 🌐

---

Forum

• OddBean - Hacker News like [info] [source] 🌐
• LowEnt - Forum [info] 🌐
• Swarmstr - Q&A / FAQ [info] 🌐
• Staker News - Hacker News like 🌐 [info]

---

Direct Messenges (DM)

• 0xchat 🤖🍎 [source]
• Nostr Chat 🌐🍎 [source]
• Blowater 🌐 [source]
• Anigma (new nostrgram) - Telegram based [on development] [source]
• Keychat - Signal based [🤖🍎 on development] [source]

---

Reading

• nRSS - Nostr RSS reader 🌐
• Highlighter - Insights with a highlighted read [info] 🌐
• Zephyr - Calming to Read [info] 🌐
• Flycat - Clean and Healthy Feed [info] 🌐
• Nosta - Check Profiles [on development] [info] 🌐
• Alexandria - e-Reader and Nostr Knowledge Base (NKB) [source] 🌐

---

Writing

• Habla - Blog [info] 🌐
• Blogstack - Blog [info]🌐
• YakiHonne - Articles and News [info] 🤖🍎🌐

---

Lists

• Following - Users list [source] 🌐
• Nostr Unfollower - Nostr Unfollower
• Listr - Lists [source] 🌐
• Nostr potatoes - Movies List source 💻(numpy)

---

Market and Jobs

• Shopstr - Buy and Sell [source] 🌐
• Nostr Market - Buy and Sell 🌐
• Plebeian Market - Buy and Sell [source] 🌐
• Ostrich Work - Jobs [source] 🌐
• Nostrocket - Jobs [source] 🌐

---

Data Vending Machines - DVM (NIP90)

(Data-processing tools)

• Noogle - [source] 🌐
• Vendata - [source] 🌐
• TaskTiger 🌐
• Malware DVMs 🌐

---

Games

• Chesstr - Chess 🌐 [source]
• Jestr - Chess [source] 🌐
• Snakestr - Snake game [source] 🌐
• DEG Mods - Decentralized Game Mods [info] [source] 🌐
• NG Engine - Nostr Game Engine [source] 🌐
• JmonkeyEngine - Java game engine [source] 🌐

---

Customization

• Emojito - Send Funny Stickers to React 🌐 [creator]

---

Like other Services

• Olas - Instagram like [source] 🤖🍎🌐
• Nostree - Linktree like 🌐
• Rabbit - TweetDeck like [info] 🌐
• Zaplinks - Nostr links 🌐
• Omeglestr - Omegle-like Random Chats [source] 🌐

---

General Uses

• Njump - HTML text gateway source 🌐
• Filestr - HTML midia gateway [source] 🌐
• W3 - Nostr URL shortener [source] 🌐
• Playground - Test Nostr filters [source] 🌐
• Spring - Browser 🌐

---

Places

• Wherostr - Travel and show where you are
• Arc Map (Mapstr) - Bitcoin Map [info]

---

Driver and Delivery

• RoadRunner - Uber like [on development] ⏱️
• Nostrlivery - iFood like [on development] ⏱️

[⚠️SCAM⚠️] Arcade City - Uber like [source]

---

OTHER STUFF

---

Lightning Wallets (zap)

• Alby - Native and extension [info] 🌐
• ZBD - Gaming and Social [info] 🤖🍎
• Wallet of Satoshi [info] 🤖🍎
• Minibits - Cashu mobile wallet [info] 🤖
• Blink - Opensource custodial wallet (KYC over 1000 usd) [source] 🤖🍎
• LNbits - App and extesion [source] 🤖🍎💻
• Zeus - [info] [source] 🤖🍎

---

Exchange

• Mostro - P2P lightning exchange on Nostr [info] 🌐
• Emptio - Bitcoin P2P on Nostr [on development]

---

Media Server (Upload Links)

audio, image and video

Connected with Nostr (NIP):

• Nostr Build - Free and paid Upload [info] [source] 🌐
• NostrMedia - Written in Go with Nip 96 / Blossom (free and paid) [info] [source]
• Nostr Check - [info] [source] 🌐
• NostPic - [info] [source] 🌐
• Sovbit - Free and paid upload [info] [source] 🌐
• Voidcat - Nip-96 and Blossom [source] 🌐
• Primal Media - [source] 🌐

Blossom - Your Media Safer

Primal Blossom 🌐 NostrBuild Blossom - Free upload (max 100MiB) and paid [info] [source] 🌐

Paid Upload Only

Satellite CDN - prepaid upload (max 5GB each) [info] [source] 🌐

Without Nostr NIP:

• Pomf - Upload larger videos (max 1GB) [source]
• Catbox - max 200 MB [source]
• x0 - max 512 MiB [source]

---

Donation and payments

• Zapper - Easy Zaps [source] 🌐
• Autozap [source] 🌐
• Zapmeacoffee 🌐
• Nostr Zap 💻(numpy)
• Creatr - Creators subscription 🌐
• Geyzer - Crowdfunding [info] [source] 🌐
• Heya! - Crowdfunding [source]

---

Security

• Secret Border - Generate offline keys 💻(java)
• Umbrel - Your private relay [source] 🌐

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Key signing and Extension

• Nowser - Account access keys 📱(🤖🍎) 💻(🐧🍎🪟)
• Nos2x - Account access keys 🌐
• Nsec.app 🌐 [info]
• Lume - [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎
• Satcom - Share files to discuss - [info] 🌐
• KeysBand - Multi-key signing [source] 🌐

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Code

• Nostrify - Share Nostr Frameworks 🌐
• Git Workshop (github like) [experimental] 🌐
• Gitstr (github like) [on development] ⏱️
• Osty [on development] [info] 🌐
• Python Nostr - Python Library for Nostr
• Sybil - Creating, managing and test Nostr events [on development] ⏱️

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Relay Check and Cloud

• Nostr Watch - See your relay speed 🌐
• NosDrive - Nostr Relay that saves to Google Drive

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Bidges and Getways

• Matrixtr Bridge - Between Matrix & Nostr
• Mostr - Between Nostr & Fediverse
• Nostrss - RSS to Nostr
• Rsslay - Optimized RSS to Nostr [source]
• Atomstr - RSS/Atom to Nostr [source]

Useful Profiles and Trends

• Kinostr - Nostr Cinema [english]
• Equinox - Nostr Cinema [portuguese]

nostr-voice - Voice note (just some clients)

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NOT RELATED TO NOSTR

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Android Keyboards

• Futo - Gboard like [source]
• Florisboard - [source]
• Heliboard - Openboard based [source]

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Personal notes and texts

• Joplin - privacy-focused note taking app with sync capabilities [source] 📱(🤖🍎) - 💻 (🐧🪟🍎)

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Front-ends

• Nitter - Twitter / X without your data [source]
• NewPipe - Youtube, Peertube and others, without account & your data [source] 🤖
• Piped - Youtube web without you data [source] 🌐

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Other Services

• Brave - Browser [source]
• DuckDuckGo - Search [source]
• LLMA - Meta - Meta open source AI [source]
• DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source]
• Proton Mail - Mail [source]

Other open source index: Degoogled Apps

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Some other Nostr index on:

Nostr Apps | Nostorg | Awesome Nostr

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

lista #descentralismo #compilado #portugues

*Algumas destas listas ainda estão sendo trocadas, portanto as versões mais recentes delas só estão visíveis no Amethyst por causa da ferramenta de edição.

Clients do Nostr e Outras Coisas

nostr:naddr1qq245dz5tqe8w46swpphgmr4f3047s6629t45qg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4guxde6sl

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Modelos de IA e Ferramentas

nostr:naddr1qq24xwtyt9v5wjzefe6523j32dy5ga65gagkjqgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4guk62czu

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Iniciativas de Bitcoin

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqq2nvmn5va9x2nrxfd2k5smyf3ux7vesd9znyqxygt4

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Profissionais Brasileiros no Nostr

nostr:naddr1qq24qmnkwe6y67zlxgc4sumrxpxxce3kf9fn2qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7q3q5hhygatg5gmjyfkkguqn54f9r6k8m5m6ksyqffgjrf3uut982sqsxpqqqp65wp8uedu

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Comunidades em Português no Nostr

nostr:naddr1qq2hwcejv4ykgdf3v9gxykrxfdqk753jxcc4gqg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4gu455fm3

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Grupos em Português no Nostr

nostr:nevent1qqs98kldepjmlxngupsyth40n0h5lw7z5ut5w4scvh27alc0w86tevcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygy7fff8g6l23gp5uqtuyqwkqvucx6mhe7r9h7v6wyzzj0v6lrztcspsgqqqqqqs3ndneh

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Jogos de Código Aberto

Open Source Games nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqq2kvwp3v4hhvk2sw3j5sm6h23g5wkz5ddzhz8x40v0

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Formatação de Texto em Markdown

(Amethyst, Yakihone e outros) nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqq2454m8dfzn26z4f34kvu6fw4rysnrjxfm42wfpe90

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Outros Links

nostr:nevent1qqsrm6ywny5r7ajakpppp0lt525n0s33x6tyn6pz0n8ws8k2tqpqracpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygp6e5ns0nv3dun430jky25y4pku6ylz68rz6zs7khv29q6rj5peespsgqqqqqqsmfwa78