@ f977c464:32fcbe00

Güneşin kaybolmasının üçüncü günü, saat öğlen on ikiyi yirmi geçiyordu. Trenin kalkmasına yaklaşık iki saat vardı. Hepimiz perondaydık. Valizlerimiz, kolilerimiz, renk renk ve biçimsiz çantalarımızla yan yana dizilmiş, kısa aralıklarla tepemizdeki devasa saati kontrol ediyorduk.

Ama ne kadar dik bakarsak bakalım zaman bir türlü istediğimiz hızla ilerlemiyordu. Herkes birkaç dakika sürmesi gereken alelade bir doğa olayına sıkışıp kalmış, karanlıktan sürünerek çıkmayı deniyordu.

Bekleme salonuna doğru döndüm. Nefesimden çıkan buharın arkasında, kalın taş duvarları ve camlarıyla morg kadar güvenli ve soğuk duruyordu. Cesetleri o yüzden bunun gibi yerlere taşımaya başlamışlardı. Demek insanların bütün iyiliği başkaları onları gördüğü içindi ki gündüzleri gecelerden daha karanlık olduğunda hemen birbirlerinin gırtlağına çökmüş, böğürlerinde delikler açmış, gözlerini oyup kafataslarını parçalamışlardı.

İstasyonun ışığı titrediğinde karanlığın enseme saplandığını hissettim. Eğer şimdi, böyle kalabalık bir yerde elektrik kesilse başımıza ne gelirdi?

İçerideki askerlerden biri bakışlarımı yakalayınca yeniden saate odaklanmış gibi yaptım. Sadece birkaç dakika geçmişti.

“Tarlalarım gitti. Böyle boyum kadar ayçiçeği doluydu. Ah, hepsi ölüp gidiyor. Afitap’ın çiçekleri de gi-”

“Dayı, Allah’ını seversen sus. Hepimizi yakacaksın şimdi.”

Karanlıkta durduğunda, görünmez olmayı istemeye başlıyordun. Kimse seni görmemeli, nefesini bile duymamalıydı. Kimsenin de ayağının altında dolaşmamalıydın; gelip kazayla sana çarpmamalılar, takılıp sendelememeliydiler. Yoksa aslında hedefi sen olmadığın bir öfke gürlemeye başlar, yaşadığın ilk şoku ve acıyı silerek üstünden geçerdi.

İlk konuşan, yaşlıca bir adam, kafasında kasketi, nasırlı ellerine hohluyordu. Gözleri ve burnu kızarmıştı. Güneşin kaybolması onun için kendi başına bir felaket değildi. Hayatına olan pratik yansımalarından korkuyordu olsa olsa. Bir anının kaybolması, bu yüzden çoktan kaybettiği birinin biraz daha eksilmesi. Hayatta kalmasını gerektiren sebepler azalırken, hayatta kalmasını sağlayacak kaynaklarını da kaybediyordu.

Onu susturan delikanlıysa atkısını bütün kafasına sarmış, sakalı ve yüzünün derinliklerine kaçmış gözleri dışında bedeninin bütün parçalarını gizlemeye çalışıyordu. İşte o, güneşin kaybolmasının tam olarak ne anlama geldiğini anlamamış olsa bile, dehşetini olduğu gibi hissedebilenlerdendi.

Güneşin onlardan alındıktan sonra kime verileceğini sormuyorlardı. En başta onlara verildiğinde de hiçbir soru sormamışlardı zaten.

İki saat ne zaman geçer?

Midemin üstünde, sağ tarafıma doğru keskin bir acı hissettim. Karaciğerim. Gözlerimi yumdum. Yanımda biri metal bir nesneyi yere bıraktı. Bir kafesti. İçerisindeki kartalın ıslak kokusu burnuma ulaşmadan önce bile biliyordum bunu.

“Yeniden mi?” diye sordu bana kartal. Kanatları kanlı. Zamanın her bir parçası tüylerinin üstüne çöreklenmişti. Gagası bir şey, tahminen et parçası geveliyor gibi hareket ediyordu. Eski anılar kolay unutulmazmış. Şu anda kafesinin kalın parmaklıklarının ardında olsa da bunun bir aldatmaca olduğunu bir tek ben biliyordum. Her an kanatlarını iki yana uzatıverebilir, hava bu hareketiyle dalgalanarak kafesi esneterek hepimizi içine alacak kadar genişleyebilir, parmaklıklar önce ayaklarımızın altına serilir gibi gözükebilir ama aslında hepimizin üstünde yükselerek tepemize çökebilirdi.

Aşağıya baktım. Tahtalarla zapt edilmiş, hiçbir yere gidemeyen ama her yere uzanan tren rayları. Atlayıp koşsam… Çantam çok ağırdı. Daha birkaç adım atamadan, kartal, suratını bedenime gömerdi.

“Bu sefer farklı,” diye yanıtladım onu. “Yeniden diyemezsin. Tekrarladığım bir şey değil bu. Hatta bir hata yapıyormuşum gibi tonlayamazsın da. Bu sefer, insanların hak etmediğini biliyorum.”

“O zaman daha vahim. Süzme salaksın demektir.”

“İnsanların hak etmemesi, insanlığın hak etmediği anlamına gelmez ki.”

Az önce göz göze geldiğim genççe ama çökük asker hâlâ bana bakıyordu. Bir kartalla konuştuğumu anlamamıştı şüphesiz. Yanımdakilerden biriyle konuştuğumu sanmış olmalıydı. Ama konuştuğum kişiye bakmıyordum ona göre. Çekingence kafamı eğmiştim. Bir kez daha göz göze geldiğimizde içerideki diğer iki askere bir şeyler söyledi, onlar dönüp beni süzerken dışarı çıktı.

Yanımızdaki, az önce konuşan iki adam da şaşkınlıkla bir bana bir kartala bakıyordu.

“Yalnız bu sefer kalbin de kırılacak, Prometheus,” dedi kartal, bana. “Belki son olur. Biliyorsun, bir sürü soruna neden oluyor bu yaptıkların.”

Beni koruyordu sözde. En çok kanıma dokunan buydu. Kasıklarımın üstüne oturmuş, kanlı suratının ardında gözleri parlarken attığı çığlık kulaklarımda titremeye devam ediyordu. Bu tabloda kimsenin kimseyi düşündüğü yoktu. Kartalın, yanımızdaki adamların, artık arkama kadar gelmiş olması gereken askerin, tren raylarının, geçmeyen saatlerin…

Arkamı döndüğümde, asker sahiden oradaydı. Zaten öyle olması gerekiyordu; görmüştüm bunu, biliyordum. Kehanetler… Bir şeyler söylüyordu ama ağzı oynarken sesi çıkmıyordu. Yavaşlamış, kendisini saatin akışına uydurmuştu. Havada donan tükürüğünden anlaşılıyordu, sinirliydi. Korktuğu için olduğunu biliyordum. Her seferinde korkmuşlardı. Beni unutmuş olmaları işlerini kolaylaştırmıyordu. Sadece yeni bir isim vermelerine neden oluyordu. Bu seferkiyle beni lanetleyecekleri kesinleşmişti.

Olması gerekenle olanların farklı olması ne kadar acınasıydı. Olması gerekenlerin doğasının kötücül olmasıysa bir yerde buna dayanıyordu.

“Salaksın,” dedi kartal bana. Zamanı aşan bir çığlık. Hepimizin önüne geçmişti ama kimseyi durduramıyordu.

Sonsuzluğa kaç tane iki saat sıkıştırabilirsiniz?

Ben bir tane bile sıkıştıramadım.

Çantama uzanıyordum. Asker de sırtındaki tüfeğini indiriyordu. Benim acelem yoktu, onunsa eli ayağı birbirine dolaşıyordu. Oysaki her şey tam olması gerektiği anda olacaktı. Kehanet başkasının parmaklarının ucundaydı.

Güneş, bir tüfeğin patlamasıyla yeryüzüne doğdu.

Rayların üzerine serilmiş göğsümün ortasından, bir çantanın içinden.

Not: Bu öykü ilk olarak 2021 yılında Esrarengiz Hikâyeler'de yayımlanmıştır.

@ f977c464:32fcbe00

Kendisini aynada ilk defa gördüğü o gün, diğerleri gibi olduğunu anlamıştı. Oysaki her insan biricik olmalıydı. Sözgelimi sinirlendiğinde bir kaşı diğerinden birkaç milimetre daha az çatılabilirdi veya sevindiğinde dudağı ona has bir açıyla dalgalanabilirdi. Hatta bunların hiçbiri mümkün değilse, en azından, gözlerinin içinde sadece onun sahip olabileceği bir ışık parlayabilirdi. Çok sıradan, öyle sıradan ki kimsenin fark etmediği o milyonlarca minik şeyden herhangi biri. Ne olursa.

Ama yansımasına bakarken bunların hiçbirini bulamadı ve diğer günlerden hiç de farklı başlamamış o gün, işe gitmek için vagonunun gelmesini beklediği alelade bir metro istasyonunda, içinde kaybolduğu illüzyon dağılmaya başladı.

İlk önce derisi döküldü. Tam olarak dökülmedi aslında, daha çok kıvılcımlara dönüşüp bedeninden fırlamış ve bir an sonra sönerek külleşmiş, havada dağılmıştı. Ardında da, kaybolmadan hemen önce, kısa süre için hayal meyal görülebilen, bir ruhun yok oluşuna ağıt yakan rengârenk peri cesetleri bırakmıştı. Beklenenin aksine, havaya toz kokusu yayıldı.

Dehşete düştü elbette. Dehşete düştüler. Panikle üstlerini yırtan 50 işçi. Her şeyin sebebiyse o vagon.

Saçları da döküldü. Her tel, yere varmadan önce, her santimde ikiye ayrıla ayrıla yok oldu.

Bütün yüzeylerin mat olduğu, hiçbir şeyin yansımadığı, suyun siyah aktığı ve kendine ancak kameralarla bakabildiğin bir dünyada, vagonun içine yerleştirilmiş bir aynadan ilk defa kendini görmek.

Gözlerinin akları buharlaşıp havada dağıldı, mercekleri boşalan yeri doldurmak için eriyip yayıldı. Gerçeği görmemek için yaratılmış, bu yüzden görmeye hazır olmayan ve hiç olmayacak gözler.

Her şeyin o anda sona erdiğini sanabilirdi insan. Derin bir karanlık ve ölüm. Görmenin görmek olduğu o anın bitişi.

---

Ben geldiğimde ölmüşlerdi.

Yani bozulmuşlardı demek istiyorum.

Belleklerini yeni taşıyıcılara takmam mümkün olmadı. Fiziksel olarak kusursuz durumdaydılar, olmayanları da tamir edebilirdim ama tüm o hengamede kendilerini baştan programlamış ve girdilerini modifiye etmişlerdi.

Belleklerden birini masanın üzerinden ileriye savurdu. Hınca hınç dolu bir barda oturuyorlardı. O ve arkadaşı.

Sırf şu kendisini insan sanan androidler travma geçirip delirmesin diye neler yapıyoruz, insanın aklı almıyor.

Eliyle arkasını işaret etti.

Polislerin söylediğine göre biri vagonun içerisine ayna yerleştirmiş. Bu zavallılar da kapı açılıp bir anda yansımalarını görünce kafayı kırmışlar.

Arkadaşı bunların ona ne hissettirdiğini sordu. Yani o kadar bozuk, insan olduğunu sanan androidi kendilerini parçalamış olarak yerde görmek onu sarsmamış mıydı?

Hayır, sonuçta belirli bir amaç için yaratılmış şeyler onlar. Kaliteli bir bilgisayarım bozulduğunda üzülürüm çünkü parasını ben vermişimdir. Bunlarsa devletin. Bana ne ki?

Arkadaşı anlayışla kafasını sallayıp suyundan bir yudum aldı. Kravatını biraz gevşetti.

Bira istemediğinden emin misin?

İstemediğini söyledi. Sahi, neden deliriyordu bu androidler?

Basit. Onların yapay zekâlarını kodlarken bir şeyler yazıyorlar. Yazılımcılar. Biliyorsun, ben donanımdayım. Bunlar da kendilerini insan sanıyorlar. Tiplerine bak.

Sesini alçalttı.

Arabalarda kaza testi yapılan mankenlere benziyor hepsi. Ağızları burunları bile yok ama şu geldiğimizden beri sakalını düzeltip duruyor mesela. Hayır, hepsi de diğerleri onun sakalı varmış sanıyor, o manyak bir şey.

Arkadaşı bunun delirmeleriyle bağlantısını çözemediğini söyledi. O da normal sesiyle konuşmaya devam etti.

Anlasana, aynayı falan ayırt edemiyor mercekleri. Lönk diye kendilerini görüyorlar. Böyle, olduğu gibi...

Nedenmiş peki? Ne gerek varmış?

Ne bileyim be abicim! Ahiret soruları gibi.

Birasına bakarak dalıp gitti. Sonra masaya abanarak arkadaşına iyice yaklaştı. Bulanık, bir tünelin ucundaki biri gibi, şekli şemalı belirsiz bir adam.

Ben seni nereden tanıyorum ki ulan? Kimsin sen?

Belleği makineden çıkardılar. İki kişiydiler. Soruşturmadan sorumlu memurlar.

─ Baştan mı başlıyoruz, diye sordu belleği elinde tutan ilk memur.

─ Bir kere daha deneyelim ama bu sefer direkt aynayı sorarak başla, diye cevapladı ikinci memur.

─ Bence de. Yeterince düzgün çalışıyor.

Simülasyon yüklenirken, ayakta, biraz arkada duran ve alnını kaşıyan ikinci memur sormaktan kendisini alamadı:

─ Bu androidleri niye böyle bir olay yerine göndermişler ki? Belli tost olacakları. İsraf. Gidip biz baksak aynayı kırıp delilleri mahvetmek zorunda da kalmazlar.

Diğer memur sandalyesinde hafifçe dönecek oldu, o sırada soruyu bilgisayarın hoparlöründen teknisyen cevapladı.

Hangi işimizde bir yamukluk yok ki be abi.

---

Ama bir son değildi. Üstlerindeki tüm illüzyon dağıldığında ve çıplak, cinsiyetsiz, birbirinin aynı bedenleriyle kaldıklarında sıra dünyaya gelmişti.

Yere düştüler. Elleri -bütün bedeni gibi siyah turmalinden, boğumları çelikten- yere değdiği anda, metronun zemini dağıldı.

Yerdeki karolar öncesinde beyazdı ve çok parlaktı. Tepelerindeki floresan, ışığını olduğu gibi yansıtıyor, tek bir lekenin olmadığı ve tek bir tozun uçmadığı istasyonu aydınlatıyorlardı.

Duvarlara duyurular asılmıştı. Örneğin, yarın akşam kültür merkezinde 20.00’da başlayacak bir tekno blues festivalinin cıvıl cıvıl afişi vardı. Onun yanında daha geniş, sarı puntolu harflerle yazılmış, yatay siyah kesiklerle çerçevesi çizilmiş, bir platformdan düşen çöp adamın bulunduğu “Dikkat! Sarı bandı geçmeyin!” uyarısı. Biraz ilerisinde günlük resmi gazete, onun ilerisinde bir aksiyon filminin ve başka bir romantik komedi filminin afişleri, yapılacakların ve yapılmayacakların söylendiği küçük puntolu çeşitli duyurular... Duvar uzayıp giden bir panoydu. On, on beş metrede bir tekrarlanıyordu.

Tüm istasyonun eni yüz metre kadar. Genişliği on metre civarı.

Önlerinde, açık kapısından o mendebur aynanın gözüktüğü vagon duruyordu. Metro, istasyona sığmayacak kadar uzundu. Bir kılıcın keskinliğiyle uzanıyor ama yer yer vagonların ek yerleriyle bölünüyordu.

Hiçbir vagonda pencere olmadığı için metronun içi, içlerindekiler meçhuldü.

Sonrasında karolar zerrelerine ayrılarak yükseldi. Floresanın ışığında her yeri toza boğdular ve ortalığı gri bir sisin altına gömdüler. Çok kısa bir an. Afişleri dalgalandırmadılar. Dalgalandırmaya vakitleri olmadı. Yerlerinden söküp aldılar en fazla. Işık birkaç kere sönüp yanarak direndi. Son kez söndüğünde bir daha geri gelmedi.

Yine de etraf aydınlıktı. Kırmızı, her yere eşit dağılan soluk bir ışıkla.

Yer tamamen tele dönüşmüştü. Altında çapraz hatlarla desteklenmiş demir bir iskelet. Işık birkaç metreden daha fazla aşağıya uzanamıyordu. Sonsuzluğa giden bir uçurum.

Duvarın yerini aynı teller ve demir iskelet almıştı. Arkasında, birbirine vidalarla tutturulmuş demir plakalardan oluşan, üstünden geçen boruların ek yerlerinden bazen ince buharların çıktığı ve bir süre asılı kaldıktan sonra ağır, yağlı bir havayla sürüklendiği bir koridor.

Diğer tarafta paslanmış, pencerelerindeki camlar kırıldığı için demir plakalarla kapatılmış külüstür bir metro. Kapının karşısındaki aynadan her şey olduğu gibi yansıyordu.

---

Bir konteynırın içini andıran bir evde, gerçi gayet de birbirine eklenmiş konteynırlardan oluşan bir şehirde “andıran” demek doğru olmayacağı için düpedüz bir konteynırın içinde, masaya mum görüntüsü vermek için koyulmuş, yarı katı yağ atıklarından şekillendirilmiş kütleleri yakmayı deniyordu. Kafasında hayvan kıllarından yapılmış grili siyahlı bir peruk. Aynı kıllardan kendisine gür bir bıyık da yapmıştı.

Üstünde mavi çöp poşetlerinden yapılmış, kravatlı, şık bir takım.

Masanın ayakları yerine oradan buradan çıkmış parçalar konulmuştu: bir arabanın şaft mili, üst üste konulmuş ve üstünde yazı okunamayan tenekeler, boş kitaplar, boş gazete balyaları... Hiçbir şeye yazı yazılmıyordu, gerek yoktu da zaten çünkü merkez veri bankası onları fark ettirmeden, merceklerden giren veriyi sentezleyerek insanlar için dolduruyordu. Yani, androidler için. Farklı şekilde isimlendirmek bir fark yaratacaksa.

Onların mercekleri için değil. Bağlantıları çok önceden kopmuştu.

─ Hayatım, sofra hazır, diye bağırdı yatak odasındaki karısına.

Sofrada tabak yerine düz, bardak yerine bükülmüş, çatal ve bıçak yerine sivriltilmiş plakalar.

Karısı salonun kapısında durakladı ve ancak kulaklarına kadar uzanan, kocasınınkine benzeyen, cansız, ölü hayvanların kıllarından ibaret peruğunu eliyle düzeltti. Dudağını, daha doğrusu dudağının olması gereken yeri koyu kırmızı bir yağ tabakasıyla renklendirmeyi denemişti. Biraz da yanaklarına sürmüştü.

─ Nasıl olmuş, diye sordu.

Sesi tek düzeydi ama hafif bir neşe olduğunu hissettiğinize yemin edebilirdiniz.

Üzerinde, çöp poşetlerinin içini yazısız gazete kağıtlarıyla doldurarak yaptığı iki parça giysi.

─ Çok güzelsin, diyerek kravatını düzeltti kocası.

─ Sen de öylesin, sevgilim.

Yaklaşıp kocasını öptü. Kocası da onu. Sonra nazikçe elinden tutarak, sandalyesini geriye çekerek oturmasına yardım etti.

Sofrada yemek niyetine hiçbir şey yoktu. Gerek de yoktu zaten.

Konteynırın kapısı gürültüyle tekmelenip içeri iki memur girene kadar birbirlerine öyküler anlattılar. O gün neler yaptıklarını. İşten erken çıkıp yemyeşil çimenlerde gezdiklerini, uçurtma uçurduklarını, kadının nasıl o elbiseyi bulmak için saatlerce gezip yorulduğunu, kocasının kısa süreliğine işe dönüp nasıl başarılı bir hamleyle yaşanan krizi çözdüğünü ve kadının yanına döndükten sonra, alışveriş merkezinde oturdukları yeni dondurmacının dondurmalarının ne kadar lezzetli olduğunu, boğazlarının ağrımasından korktuklarını...

Akşam film izleyebilirlerdi, televizyonda -boş ve mat bir plaka- güzel bir film oynayacaktı.

İki memur. Çıplak bedenleriyle birbirinin aynı. Ellerindeki silahları onlara doğrultmuşlardı. Mum ışığında, tertemiz bir örtünün serili olduğu masada, bardaklarında şaraplarla oturan ve henüz sofranın ortasındaki hindiye dokunmamış çifti gördüklerinde bocaladılar.

Hiç de androidlere bilinçli olarak zarar verebilecek gibi gözükmüyorlardı.

─ Sessiz kalma hakkına sahipsiniz, diye bağırdı içeri giren ikinci memur. Söylediğiniz her şey...

Cümlesini bitiremedi. Yatak odasındaki, masanın üzerinden gördüğü o şey, onunla aynı hareketleri yapan android, yoksa, bir aynadaki yansıması mıydı?

Bütün illüzyon o anda dağılmaya başladı.

Not: Bu öykü ilk olarak 2020 yılında Esrarengiz Hikâyeler'de yayımlanmıştır.

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

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Running your own Lightning node for the Bitcoin Layer 2 network can be an empowering and beneficial endeavor. Here are 10 reasons why you might consider taking on this task:

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7. Personalized Fee Structures: You have the flexibility to set your own fee policies, which can balance earning potential with the service you provide to the network.

8. Empowerment Through Knowledge: The process of setting up and managing a node provides deep learning opportunities, empowering you with knowledge that can be applied in various areas of blockchain and fintech.

9. Boosting Transaction Capacity: By running a node, you help to increase the overall capacity of the Lightning Network, enabling more transactions to be processed quickly and at lower costs.

10. Community Leadership and Reputation: As an active node operator, you gain recognition within the Bitcoin community, which can lead to collaborative opportunities and a position of thought leadership in the space.

These reasons demonstrate the impactful and transformative nature of running a Lightning node, appealing to those who are deeply invested in the principles of bitcoin and wish to actively shape its future. Jump aboard, and embrace the journey toward full independence. 🐶🐾🫡🚀🚀🚀

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Chef's notes

Serving these two dishes together will create a delightful centerpiece for your Thanksgiving meal, offering a perfect blend of traditional flavors with a homemade touch.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 - 2 hours
• 🍽️ Servings: 4-6

Ingredients

• 1 whole turkey (about 12-14 lbs), thawed and ready to cook
• 1 cup unsalted butter, softened
• 2 tablespoons fresh thyme, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh rosemary, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh sage, chopped
• Salt and freshly ground black pepper
• 1 onion, quartered
• 1 lemon, halved
• 2-3 cloves of garlic
• Apple and Sage Stuffing
• 1 loaf of crusty bread, cut into cubes
• 2 apples, cored and chopped
• 1 onion, diced
• 2 stalks celery, diced
• 3 cloves garlic, minced
• 1/4 cup fresh sage, chopped
• 1/2 cup unsalted butter
• 2 cups chicken broth
• Salt and pepper, to taste

Directions

1. Preheat the Oven: Set your oven to 325°F (165°C).
2. Prepare the Herb Butter: Mix the softened butter with the chopped thyme, rosemary, and sage. Season with salt and pepper.
3. Prepare the Turkey: Remove any giblets from the turkey and pat it dry. Loosen the skin and spread a generous amount of herb butter under and over the skin.
4. Add Aromatics: Inside the turkey cavity, place the quartered onion, lemon halves, and garlic cloves.
5. Roast: Place the turkey in a roasting pan. Tent with aluminum foil and roast. A general guideline is about 15 minutes per pound, or until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C) at the thickest part of the thigh.
6. Rest and Serve: Let the turkey rest for at least 20 minutes before carving.
7. Next: Apple and Sage Stuffing
8. Dry the Bread: Spread the bread cubes on a baking sheet and let them dry overnight, or toast them in the oven.
9. Cook the Vegetables: In a large skillet, melt the butter and cook the onion, celery, and garlic until soft.
10. Combine Ingredients: Add the apples, sage, and bread cubes to the skillet. Stir in the chicken broth until the mixture is moist. Season with salt and pepper.
11. Bake: Transfer the stuffing to a baking dish and bake at 350°F (175°C) for about 30-40 minutes, until golden brown on top.

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Testing a brand new YakiHonne native client for iOS. Smooth as butter (not penis butter 🤣🍆🧈) with great visual experience and intuitive navigation. Amazing work by the team behind it! * lists * work

Bold text work!

Images could have used nostr.build instead of raw S3 from us-east-1 region.

Very impressive! You can even save the draft and continue later, before posting the long-form note!

🐶🐾🤯🤯🤯🫂💜

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

As the title states, scratch behind my ear and you get it. 🐶🐾🫡

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Test Bounty Note

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Intro

This short tutorial will help you set up your own Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) on your own LND Node that is not using Umbrel. If you are a user of Umbrel, you should use their version of NWC.

Requirements

You need to have a working installation of LND with established channels and connectivity to the internet. NWC in itself is fairly light and will not consume a lot of resources. You will also want to ensure that you have a working installation of Docker, since we will use a docker image to run NWC.

• Working installation of LND (and all of its required components)
• Docker (with Docker compose)

Installation

For the purpose of this tutorial, we will assume that you have your lnd/bitcoind running under user bitcoin with home directory /home/bitcoin. We will also assume that you already have a running installation of Docker (or docker.io).

Prepare and verify

git version - we will need git to get the latest version of NWC. docker version - should execute successfully and show the currently installed version of Docker. docker compose version - same as before, but the version will be different. ss -tupln | grep 10009- should produce the following output: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 0.0.0.0:10009 0.0.0.0: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 [::]:10009 [::]:**

For things to work correctly, your Docker should be version 20.10.0 or later. If you have an older version, consider installing a new one using instructions here: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

Create folders & download NWC

In the home directory of your LND/bitcoind user, create a new folder, e.g., "nwc" mkdir /home/bitcoin/nwc. Change to that directory cd /home/bitcoin/nwc and clone the NWC repository: git clone https://github.com/getAlby/nostr-wallet-connect.git

Creating the Docker image

In this step, we will create a Docker image that you will use to run NWC.

• Change directory to nostr-wallet-connect: cd nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• The last line of the output (after a few minutes) should look like => => naming to docker.io/library/nwc:latest
• nwc:latest is the name of the Docker image with a tag which you should note for use later.

Creating docker-compose.yml and necessary data directories

• Let's create a directory that will hold your non-volatile data (DB): mkdir data
• Indocker-compose.ymlfile, there are fields that you want to replace (<> comments) and port “4321” that you want to make sure is open (check with ss -tupln | grep 4321which should return nothing).
• Create docker-compose.ymlfile with the following content, and make sure to update fields that have <> comment:

version: "3.8" services: nwc: image: nwc:latest volumes: - ./data:/data - ~/.lnd:/lnd:ro ports: - "4321:8080" extra_hosts: - "localhost:host-gateway" environment: NOSTR_PRIVKEY: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate a fresh key and place it inside ""> LN_BACKEND_TYPE: "LND" LND_ADDRESS: localhost:10009 LND_CERT_FILE: "/lnd/tls.cert" LND_MACAROON_FILE: "/lnd/data/chain/bitcoin/mainnet/admin.macaroon" DATABASE_URI: "/data/nostr-wallet-connect.db" COOKIE_SECRET: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate fresh secret and place it inside ""> PORT: 8080 restart: always stop_grace_period: 1m

Starting and testing

Now that you have everything ready, it is time to start the container and test.

• While you are in the nwcdirectory (important), execute the following command and check the log output, docker compose up
• You should see container logs while it is starting, and it should not exit if everything went well.
• At this point, you should be able to go to http://<ip of the host where nwc is running>:4321 and get to the interface of NWC
• To stop the test run of NWC, simply press Ctrl-C , and it will shut the container down.
• To start NWC permanently, you should execute docker compose up -d , “-d” tells Docker to detach from the session.
• To check currently running NWC logs, execute docker compose logs to run it in tail mode add -f to the end.
• To stop the container, execute docker compose down

That's all, just follow the instructions in the web interface to get started.

Updating

As with any software, you should expect fixes and updates that you would need to perform periodically. You could automate this, but it falls outside of the scope of this tutorial. Since we already have all of the necessary configuration in place, the update execution is fairly simple.

• Change directory to the clone of the git repository, cd /home/bitcoin/nwc/nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• Change directory back one level cd ..
• Restart (stop and start) the docker compose config docker compose down && docker compose up -d
• Done! Optionally you may want to check the logs: docker compose logs

@ 7488de5d:f556883b

🚫When making online payments with a credit card, remember that each invoice could potentially expose your assets, especially with your important information out there!

That's exactly why we've introduced #Lightningpayments. We secure every invoice with a unique encrypted code, turning your payment process into a simple code scan ⚡️ Wave farewell to concerns and welcome smooth, secure transactions!

@ cce0989b:b497e608

Being patient is hard.

It's hard to wait; it's frustrating, it's difficult, and it can even make us feel helpless, like we have no power over what happens next. What's the vibe of patience? Waiting in line at the doctor's office, waiting for difficult situations to change, waiting to see the results from your daily habits.

But there's a state very close to patience — one where you are still waiting for something to happen — that has a completely different emotional tone. It's the state of anticipation.

Anticipation is exciting. Something good is going to happen. There's joy just around the corner; it's going to be so wonderful when it finally arrives. You anticipate vacations, special events, and life milestones. As it turns out, research find that anticipation can sometimes be even more enjoyable than the event itself.

Here's something to try out today:

What would it look like if you waited with anticipation instead of patience?

If you were anticipating... you would be certain that good things were coming, so you'd feel excited and hopeful.

If you were anticipating... you would trust that changes were occurring, even if you couldn't see them quite yet.

If you were anticipating... you would enjoy the process of waiting rather than simply rushing to get to the end.

Wouldn't that be more so much enjoyable?

@ 9c55b796:ff49a4db

มาถึงตอนที่ 7 ก่อนสุดท้ายละครับ อีกนิดเดียว ใครยังไม่ได้อ่านมาตั้งแต่เริ่ม อาจจะไปลองดู ตอนก่อนๆ ได้นะครับ

Chapter 15 - Monetary Expansion

Circulation Credit เครดิตหมุนเวียน เป็นวิธีการที่ธนาคารทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวกลางในการจัดสรรเครดิต ที่ไม่ตรงกันในด้านปริมาณและช่วงเวลา ระหว่างผู้ให้กู้กับผู้กู้ โดยที่เงินทุนที่ใช้ในการกู้ยืมไม่ได้มาจากการออมของผู้ให้กู้โดยตรง มีอยู่ 3 วิธี 1. Fractional Reserves Banking ธนาคารมีเงินสำรองไม่เต็มจำนวน ทำให้เงินที่พร้อมใช้สามารถไปเป็นเครดิตให้กับผู้กู้ได้ และผู้ฝากก็ยังสามารถถอนเงินออกไปได้ 2. จำนวนเงินที่ให้กู้ยืมกับจำนวนเงินฝากมีค่าเท่ากัน แต่มีความแตกต่างกันในเรื่องระยะเวลา ธนาคารจะทำการหมุนเวียนเครดิตในระหว่างที่รอหาผู้ให้กู้คนใหม่เข้ามาแทนที่ 3. การสร้างเครดิตหมุนเวียนอาจดำเนินการผ่านการใช้หลักประกันซ้ำจากการกู้ครั้งก่อน ซึ่งหมายความว่าในการกู้ครั้งที่สองไม่จำเป็นต้องมีเงินฝากเข้ามาใหม่

ทั้ง 3 วิธี เครดิตไม่ได้ถูกสร้างจากเงินออมที่เท่าเทียมกันของผู้ให้กู้ และมันให้เครดิตกลายเป็นสิทธิ์ในการใช้เงินที่สามารถใช้แทนเงินจริงได้ จากคุณลักษณะพิเศษของเงินที่ทำให้เงินเหล่านั้นถือเป็นเงินปัจจุบัน โดยที่ไม่เสียค่าใช้จ่ายเพิ่มเหมือนเงินที่สร้างยากอย่างการทำเหมืองทอง เป็นวิธีการเพิ่มปริมาณเงินในระบบของเงินสร้างง่าย ที่ส่งผลให้มูลค่าของเงินลดลงจากปริมาณเงินที่เพิ่มขึ้นในระบบ

ทฤษฎีของทางนักเศรษฐศาสตร์ออสเตรียนมองในความหมายที่แตกต่างกันระหว่าง เงินในความหมายเชิงแคบและสิ่งแทนเงิน

มุมมองเงินในความหมายเชิงแคบ แบ่งได้ 3 ประเภท

1. Commodity money เงินที่เป็นสื่อกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนโดยทั่วไป มักมีการซื้อขายในตลาดที่มีผู้ผลิตและผู้บริโภคจำนวนมาก ตัวอย่างในประวัติศาสตร์เช่น โลหะมีค่า ทองคำ และล่าสุดคือ bitcoin
2. Credit money สิทธิ์ในการเรียกร้องเงินในอนาคตจากหน่วยงานที่เป็นตัวกลางในการแลกเปลี่ยน เช่น ธนาคารหรือสถาบันการเงิน ผู้รับตั้งใจยอมรับมันเพื่อส่งต่อไปยังคนอื่นได้
3. Fiat Money สื่อกลางในการแลกเปลี่ยนที่ไม่ได้มีค่าในตัวเอง แต่ถูกยอมรับในการใช้งานจากคำสั่งของหน่วยงานทางกฎหมาย ไม่ได้ขึ้นกับวัสดุ อาจจะเป็น ธนบัตร เงินฝาก เหรียญโทเคน สิ่งสำคัญคือตราสัญลักษณ์รับรองจากหน่วยงาน

มุมมองสิ่งแทนเงิน Money substitutes เครื่องมือทางการเงินที่สามารถใช้เป็นสื่อในการทำธุรกรรม สามารถแลกเปลี่ยนเป็นเงินได้และเป็นสื่อในการทำธุรกรรม แบ่งได้ 2 ประเภท

1. Money certificates เครื่องมือทางการเงินหรือกระดาษที่สามารถแลกเปลี่ยนเป็นเงินได้เต็มจำนวนตามความต้องการ ได้รับค้ำ 100% จากหน่วยงานที่ออก เช่นธนบัตร บัญชีธนาคารที่สามารถแลกเป็นทองคำได้ (ในช่วงที่เป็นมาตรฐานทองคำ) หรือ bitcoin บน lightning network ใบรับรองเงินในลักษณะนี้จะไม่สร้างปัญหา ตราบใดที่เงินเบื้องหลังมันไม่ถูกใช้พร้อมกับ Money certificates หรือเมื่อแลกคืนแล้ว Money certificates จะถูกทำให้ต้องใช้งานไม่ได้
2. Fiduciary media สื่อทางการเงินที่ไม่มีอะไร back หลัง หน่วยงานหรือสถาบันที่ออกไม่มีเงินเพื่อขึ้นเงินกลับแบบเต็มจำนวน จะเรียกได้ว่าเป็น "เอกสารแห่งความเชื่อใจ" แม้จะออกโดยธนาคารหรือหน่วยงานที่น่าเชื่อถือก็ตาม สิ่งนี้จะเทียบเท่าเครดิตแบบไม่มีอะไร back และเป็นสาเหตุของ boom-burst cycle จากเกิดการเพิ่มขึ้นของปริมาณเงิน

ในอดีตกษัตริย์มักจะทำให้ตัวเองรวยขึ้น จากการลดปริมาณโลหะมีค่าในเหรียญ เพื่อทำให้ผลิตเหรียญได้มากขึ้นกว่าโลหะเดิมที่มี กษัตริย์ได้อำนาจในการซื้อเพิ่มขึ้น จากการเสียสละของประชาชนที่ถือสกุลเงิน ราคาของสินค้าจะเพิ่มจากปริมาณเงินที่เพิ่มขึ้น ความมั่งคั่งของทุกคนจะถูกโอนไปยังกษัตริย์

รัฐสมัยใหม่ทำสิ่งที่คล้ายกันด้วยวิธีการทางกฎหมาย ความรุนแรง อำนาจผูกขาด โดยบังคับให้คนใช้เงินเฟียต ที่เปลี่ยนเป็นเงินที่แท้จริง (Commodity money) ไม่ได้อีกต่อไป ทำเหมือนกับว่าใบรับรองเงินเป็นเงินที่เชื่อถือได้ เพิ่มปริมาณเงินในระบบ ผลคือรัฐรวยขึ้นเพราะมีความสามารถในการควบคุมเงินในระบบ สังคมเสียหายจากอำนาจการซื้อของเงินออมลดลง เกิดความผิดพลาดทางเศรษฐกิจ

นักเศรษฐศาสตร์สายหลักที่ได้รับเงินสนันสนุนจากธนาคารกลาง เพื่อให้คำแนะนำในการกำหนดนโยบายต่างๆ มีแรงจูงใจที่จะไม่นำเสนอสิ่งที่ไม่เอื้อต่อธนาคารกลาง พวกเขาจะมุ่งความสนใจไปที่การหาวิธีออกจากภาวะถดถอยทางเศรษฐกิจ เช่นเมื่อเกิดปัญหาความต้องการโดยรวมลด ไม่สนใจจะหาสาเหตุ มัวแต่มองว่าจะสร้างงานเพิ่มขึ้นยังไง แก้ปัญหาด้วยเงินเฟียตและนโยบายจากธนาคารกลาง แล้วคิดว่าวัฏจักรทางเรื่องเศรษฐกิจเป็นเรื่องปกติ โดยไม่คิดถึงผลกระทบในระยะยาว

แทนที่จะหาสาเหตุและแก้ไขที่ต้นเหตุแบบออสเตรียน โดยไม่ต้องสนใจธนาคารกลางเพราะไม่ได้รับทุนจากเขา วิธีคิดของออสเตรียนมองวัฏจักรเศรษฐกิจว่าเป็นผลจากส่วนขยายของเรื่องเงิน หลักการพื้นฐานคือทรัพยากรทางเศรษฐกิจไม่สามารถสร้างขึ้นได้จากเงินที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลัง ทุกการกู้ยืมคือการไม่ได้ใช้เงินของผู้ให้ยืม ทำให้ปริมาณเงินไม่ได้เพิ่มขึ้น

เปรียบได้เช่นเราตัดสินใจไม่กินข้าวโพด ทำให้ข้าวโพดนั้นสามารถเอาไปใช้เป็นเมล็ดพันธุ์ ไม่ได้สร้างข้าวโพดจากจินตนาการขึ้นมาอีกอัน ตราบเท่าที่เราใช้ Commodity credit ทรัพยากรต่างๆจะสะท้อนถึงความต้องการที่แท้จริงผ่านราคา

ต่างจากรัฐสมัยใหม่และธนาคารที่ใช้เครดิตหมุนเวียน ที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลังให้เทียบเท่ากับเงิน ทำให้ปริมาณของเงินเพิ่มขึ้นในระบบเพิ่มขึ้นโดยไม่มีการลดการบริโภคที่สัมพันธ์กัน ความต้องการสินค้าในตลาดจะเพิ่มขึ้น เกินกว่าปริมาณที่มีในตลาด ส่งผลทำให้ราคาสินค้าทุนเพิ่มขึ้น ผู้ผลิตต้องแบกรับต้นทุนที่เพิ่มขึ้น แผนการที่วางไว้จึงอาจไม่สามารถนำไปปฏิบัติได้ กำไรที่คาดหวังอาจหายไป สร้างความผิดเพี้ยนในตลาด นำไปสู่การล่มสลายพร้อมๆ กันของการลงทุน ทุนถูกใช้ไปอย่างเสียเปล่า เกิดการเพิ่มขึ้นของการว่างงาน เนื่องจากธุรกิจล้มเหลวหรือต้องปรับตัวใหม่ ความล้มเหลวของธุรกิจที่ขยายตัวเกินขอบเขตพร้อมกันทั่วทั้งเศรษฐกิจนี้เรียกว่า Recession ซึ่งเคนส์เซียนมองว่าเป็นวงจรที่หลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้ เพราะเขาไม่เข้าใจในโครงสร้างทุน เงินที่ไม่มั่นคง และการจัดการดอกเบี้ยทำลายแรงจูงใจในการสะสมทุน ทุกครั้งที่รัฐเริ่มต้นขยายปริมาณเงิน ก็ไม่สามารถหลีกเลี่ยงผลลบได้

การสร้างและใช้เครดิตที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุน เสมือนการชิฟกราฟความต้องการเงินกู้ไปทางขวา ปริมาณเงินให้กู้เพิ่มขึ้น ดอกเบี้ยต่ำลง แรงจูงใจในการออมลดลง มันจะไม่ยั่งยืน ต่างจากการลดลงโดยธรรมชาติของ low time preference

ทองคำมีจุดอ่อนที่ไม่สะดวกในการใช้จ่ายสำหรับการชำระหนี้หรือทำธุรกรรมระหว่างประเทศ จึงทำให้ผู้คนมากมายเลือกเก็บทองคำไว้ที่ธนาคารและใช้ธนบัตรแทน สถานการณ์นี้ทำให้ธนาคารเรียนรู้ว่าผู้คนจะไม่มีทางมาแลกทองคำออกไปทั้งหมดพร้อมกัน ซึ่งนำไปสู่การออกเครดิตที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลังเพิ่มมากขึ้น

ในทางทฤษฎี ยิ่งเครดิตออกมากขึ้นควระจะยิ่งมีความเสี่ยงมากขึ้น การถอนเงินจะเป็นภัยต่อธนาคารมากขึ้น ถ้าเป็นตลาดเสรีคนจะลดความเชื่อถือในธนาคาร คนจะแห่ถอนเงินจากธนาคาร ธนาคารจะล้มหรือไม่ก็เรียนรู้ที่จะลดเครดิตเหล่านี้ลงเอง

แต่ด้วยการแทรกแซงของรัฐและธนาคารกลางที่เข้ามาช่วยเหลือสถาบันการเงินจากวิกฤติการเงินที่เกิดจากการออกเครดิตที่ไม่มีอะไรหนุนหลัง ด้วยการลดค่าเงินซึ่งทำให้สกุลเงินเสื่อมค่า เกิดเป็นรากฐานของเศรษฐกิจถดถอย วนเป็นวงจรวิกฤติเศรษฐกิจ ที่อำนาจของธนาคารกลางและรัฐจะมากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ ทำลายความสามารถในการออม ทำลายรากฐานสังคมมนุษย์และอารยะธรรม

Part V - Civilization

Chapter 16 - Violence

การกระทำโดยสมัครใจไม่ใช่หนทางเดียวที่มนุษย์มีปฏิสัมพันธ์กัน เรายังสามารถใช้ความรุนแรง หรือขู่ว่าจะใช้ความรุนแรงต่อกันได้ เป็นการแสดงอำนาจของคนนึงต่ออีกคนนึง ในการมีปฏิสัมพันธ์แบบสมัครใจถ้าผู้คนไม่ได้รับประโยชน์อย่างที่หวัง พวกเขาสามารถหยุดหรือปรับเปลี่ยนวิธีได้ แต่ผู้เป็นเหยื่อของความรุนแรงเลือกแบบนั้นไม่ได้ ตราบใดที่ผู้กระทำไม่ได้รับผลจากความก้าวร้าวของตน

มีความแตกต่างระหว่าง การใช้ความรุนแรง กับการเริ่มต้นใช้ความรุนแรง ตัวอย่างเช่น การใช้ความรุนแรงในการละเมิดการครอบครองทรัพย์สิน ไม่ใช่มาตรฐานของสังคม นำไปสู่ความขัดแย้ง เกิดความร่วมมือกันได้ยาก แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม ความรุนแรงอาจถูกมองว่าเป็นสิ่งที่ยอมรับได้เมื่อเอามาใช้ในการต่อต้าน หรือลงโทษผู้เริ่มต้นใช้ความรุนแรง ถ้าทุกคนเห็นพ้องต้องกัน เช่นการป้องกันตนเองตามกฎหมาย

หลายๆ สังคมในอดีตเห็นด้วยกับหลักการที่ว่า ความรุนแรงมีเอาไว้ใช้กับผู้ที่ใช้ความรุนแรงเท่านั้น

นักการเมืองและนักเศรษฐศาสตร์ในปัจจุบันมักเสนอว่ารัฐควรเป็นผู้ผูกขาดความรุนแรง เพื่อระเบียบและความสงบสุข และลงโทษผู้อื่นที่ใช้ความรุนแรง

ในทางกลับกัน นักเศรษฐศาสตร์แบบออสเตรียนมองว่าบทบาทของรัฐคือ การรักษาความปลอดภัยของประชาชนและทรัพย์สิน รวมถึงรับรองความปลอดภัยจากการรุกรานและลักขโมย ซึ่งมันจะส่งผลให้เกิด low time preference

เมื่อใดก็ตามที่รัฐทำหน้าที่เกินจุดนั้นเช่น เข้ามาเป็นเจ้าของทรัพยากรทุน กำหนดการจัดสรรทุน แทรกแซงเศรษฐกิจ ตัดสินใจบังคับทรัพยากรของผู้อื่น โดยไม่มี skin in the game ไม่เข้าใจการตัดสินใจส่วนบุคคลในตลาดเสรี จะทำให้การจัดสรรทรัพยากรผิดพลาด

การกำหนดราคาสินค้าเป็นวิธียอดนิยมของรัฐ เพื่อผลประโยชน์ของคนบางกลุ่มแต่เป็นภาระกับกลุ่มอื่น มันฟังดูง่ายแต่มันไม่เคยได้ผล มีแต่นำไปสู้ความขาดแคลนและตลาดมืด เพราะผู้ผลิตไม่มีแรงจูงใจหรือไม่มีรายได้ที่สูงขึ้นมาซื้อทรัพยากรที่จำเป็นมาผลิตได้ รัฐอาจจะห้ามราคาสูงได้ แต่รัฐบังคับไม่ให้เขาหยุดผลิตไม่ได้ นำไปสู่การลดลงของปริมาณสินค้าในตลาด

อีกสิ่งที่จะเกิดขึ้นคือตลาดมืด สินค้าจะถูกขายที่ราคาสูงขึ้นแบบผิดกฎหมาย แม้คนสามารถซื้อของที่ต้องการได้ แต่มีภาระในการทำธุรกรรมเพิ่มทั้งผู้ซื้อผู้ขาย เสี่ยงต่อการถูกดำเนินคดี หรือเกิดพ่อค้าคนกลางที่ได้กำไรจากสถานการณ์ แทนที่กำไรส่วนนั้นจะได้นำไปลงทุนเพิ่มการผลิต กลับตกในมือของพ่อค้าคนกลาง

ปัญหาของราคาที่เพิ่มขึ้นมักมีต้นเหตุมาจากเงินเฟ้อ เงินที่ผลิตง่าย การลดค่าเงิน แต่ต้นเหตุเหล่านี้กลับถูกละเลย การกำหนดราคาขั้นต่ำเช่นค่าจ้าง ก็ให้ผลไม่ได้ดีไปกว่ากัน ดูได้ในบทก่อนหน้านี้

นักเศรษฐศาสตร์ในปัจจุบันมักมองว่าการใช้จ่ายที่ดีของรัฐ (จากภาษีที่บังคับเก็บมาจากประชาชน) จะช่วยบรรเทาปัญหา บรรลุเป้าหมายสังคมที่ดีกว่า แต่พวกเขาจะไม่ได้คิดถึงต้นทุนอย่างเหมาะสม ไม่เข้าใจความต้องการของแต่ละบุคคล

ในทางตรงกันข้ามถ้าแต่ละบุคคลตัดสินใจกันเอง เขาจะเลือกใช้จ่ายเพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการของตัวเองอย่างดีที่สุด แต่การใช้จ่ายของรัฐจะไม่ใช่แบบนั้น หรือประเด็นหนึ่งคือรัฐสามารถเลือกที่จะให้เงินอุดหนุนกับคนกลุ่มใดกลุ่มหนึ่ง ที่ส่งผลต่อการบิดเบือนตลาด เช่นเงินอุดหนุนผู้ว่างงาน มันจะสร้างแรงจูงใจให้คนว่างงาน ซึ่งเงินอุดหนุนมักจะมาจากภาษีของผู้มีงานทำ ทำให้กัดกร่อนแรงจูงใจในการทำงาน

การจัดหาสินค้าและบริการโดยรัฐมักเป็นทางออกอีกแบบนึงที่หลายคนมักเสนอ เพื่อป้องกันการถูกขูดรีดจากภาคเอกชนที่มุ่งแสวงหาผลกำไร เช่นการศึกษา น้ำสะอาด สาธารณะสุข แต่การทำกำไรของเอกชนไม่ใช่เป็นเพียงกลไกที่อยากรวยอย่างเดียว แต่กำไรคือการสะท้อนถึงการประสานงานของตลาดการผลิตทั้งหมด

เอกชนใช้กำไรเป็นตัวขับเคลื่อนในการคำนวนต้นทุน การเลือกตัวเลือกต่างๆ เพื่อนำเสนอวิธีให้ลูกค้าพอใจได้มากที่สุด และสร้างผลกำไรที่เหมาะสมให้ตัวเอง การดำเนินการโดยรัฐจะไม่มีแรงจูงใจในการทำอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ สินค้าจะไม่เป็นที่ต้องการ สิ้นเปลืองทรัพยากร ค่าใช้จ่ายสูง หรือรอคิวนานที่จะได้รับบริการ

รัฐจัดหาเงินผ่านการเก็บภาษีโดยตรง หรือโดยอ้อมผ่านเงินเฟ้อ (กู้หรือผลิตเงินเพิ่ม) ซึ่งทั้งสองวิธีลดแรงจูงใจของประชาชนในการออมเงิน หรือนำเงินไปลงทุน ทำให้คนมีความไม่แน่นอนในอนาคต ขัดขวาง low time preference

ทุกการแทรกแซงของรัฐ จะบิดเบือนการตัดสินใจอย่างอิสระของผู้คน คนจะตัดสินใจผิดเพี้ยนไปจากความต้องการของตัวเอง ข้ออ้างในการแทรกแซงของรัฐ มักจะบอกว่าตลาดจะล้มเหลว ถ้าประชาชนตัดสินใจกันเอง จะได้ผลลัพธ์ด้อยกว่าผู้วางแผนจากส่วนกลาง ผู้รอบรู้ทุกสิ่ง เหนือกว่าเจตนารมณ์ของแต่ละบุคคลในตลาดเสรี ที่รู้ข้อมูลเพียงน้อยนิด ไม่มีความคิดแบบมีเหตุมีผล

นักวางแผนนักเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่รับเงินจากรัฐมักนำเสนอสมการคณิตศาสตร์การวิเคราะห์ ที่มีวาระซ่อนเร้นจากรัฐ สร้างสมมติฐานเลียนแบบกฎฟิสิกส์ที่เป็นไปไม่ได้ในโลกแห่งความเป็นจริง เชิดชูการแทรกแซง สนับสนุนอำนาจของรัฐ

ตลาดโดยทั่วไปไม่ได้เกิดการผูกขาดกันได้ง่ายๆ ยกเว้นการมีการบังคับใช้ความรุนแรงหรือนโยบายบางอย่างของรัฐ คนขายแพงหยุดคนขายตัดราคาไม่ได้ยกเว้นใช้กำลัง หรือกฎระเบียบบางอย่างโดยรัฐ เช่นบางทีผู้ผลิตทำสินค้าได้ดีกว่าในราคาที่ต่ำกว่าขยายส่วนแบ่ง แต่รัฐปกป้องผู้ผลิตที่ไม่มีประสิทธิภาพให้ยังคงทำกำไรโดยไม่ต้องอัพเกรด productivity ตัวเอง

อีกเหตุผลที่รัฐอ้างเพื่อแทรกแซงตลาดคือ Externalities และ Public goods Externalities คือผลกระทบทางเศรษฐกิจบุคคลหนึ่งที่เกิดจากการบริโภคหรือการผลิตของบุคคลอื่น อาจจะเป็นลบเช่นมีมลพิษจากโรงงานที่อยู่ใกล้ๆ ซึ่งถือเป็นการละเมิดทรัพย์สินของเพื่อนบ้าน หรือเป็นบวกเช่นมีกิจกรรมแข่งกีฬาที่ส่งผลดีกับโรงแรมที่อยู่ใกล้ๆ ซึ่งรัฐจะบอกว่าการบังคับของรัฐนั้นยังไม่พอในภาวะการละเมิดนั้น

Public goods สินค้าที่ยกเว้นไม่ได้ หมายถึงเลือกที่จะไม่ใช้บริการไม่ได้ และป้องกันไม่ให้คนที่จ่ายเงินได้ประโยชน์เฉพาะคนจ่าย ไม่มีการแข่งขัน ซึ่งจะส่งเสริมให้ทุกคนไม่จ่ายสำหรับสินค้า จะทำให้ผลิตบริการเหล่านี้ไม่พอ รัฐเลยจะบังคับทุกคนจ่าย และตัดสินใจแทนทุกคนเช่น ทหาร ตำรวจ ดับเพลิง สวน ถนน ทุกคนได้รับประโยชน์โดยไม่มีส่วนร่วมในการจัดหา นักเศรษฐศาสตร์สายหลักจึงมองว่า ถ้าไม่มีการบังคับจากรัฐให้คนจ่ายเงินเพื่อสิ่งเหล่านี้มันจะมีไม่พอ

แต่ในประวัติศาสตร์ไม่ได้เป็นแบบนั้น บริการหลายๆ อย่างมีคนเต็มใจบริจาค สมาคมอาสาสมัครเข้ามามีบทบาท โดยไม่ต้องใช้กำลังบังคับ หรือกลุ่มคนเห็นพ้องทางประโยชน์ร่วมกันจริงลงมือช่วยกันสร้างสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก แล้วอาจจะเก็บค่าบริการ พวกเขาจะไม่เลือกที่จะยอมให้ตัวเองไม่สะดวกแค่เพราะกลัวว่าคนอื่นจะได้ประโยชน์

ในทางกลับกัน รัฐเกือบทั่วโลกสามารถเวนคืนที่ดินเพื่อทำถนน ซึ่งมักแออัดและเสื่อมสภาพ ต้นทุนเขาจะผิดเพี้ยนไปจากตลาดจริง ทำให้เกิดถนนที่มากเกินความต้องการ ทำให้เกิดการลดพื้นที่ใช้สอยของเมือง บังคับให้คนขับรถมากขึ้นเพราะเมืองต้องขยายตัว ถนนที่สร้างโดยเอกชนอาจมีการเรียกเก็บค่าใช้จ่ายการใช้ แต่ถนนจะประสิทธิภาพดี และไม่แออัดเพราะผู้คนจะใช้เมื่อจำเป็น

ไม่มีการแข่งขันไม่ได้แปลว่าเราจะลดประโยชน์ให้คนที่ไม่ได้จ่ายเงินเสมอไป เช่นไฟถนน ประภาคาร การวางแผนแบบส่วนกลางบังคับให้คนอื่นจ่ายเงินสำหรับสิ่งที่พวกเขาไม่ได้ใช้ ต้นทุนต่างๆถูกบิดเบือน และผู้วางแผนก็ไม่ได้รับผลโดยตรงจากการตัดสินใจของตน

การคิดตัวเลขทางเศรษฐกิจแบบมี skin in the game เท่านั้นที่สามารถจัดสรรทรัพยากรได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและมีเหตุมีผล และตลาดเสรีมีขบวนการวิวัฒนาการและคัดเลือกผู้อยู่รอดไม่ต่างกับระบบนิเวศ

ตัวอย่างที่ดีที่สุดคือเส้นทางการบิน ที่ไม่มีผู้วางแผนส่วนกลาง แต่ละสายการบินจะทดลองเส้นทางต่างๆ สุดท้ายแล้วผู้บริโภคเป็นคนตัดสินว่าเส้นทางไหนจะทำกำไรได้ สายการบินได้ข้อมูลมาปรับปรุงเส้นทาง วนเป็นวงจรปกติของตลาดเสรี ผลลัพธ์ดูเหมือนเกิดจากผู้ออกแบบ แต่จริงๆแล้วมันเกิดจากการกระทำของคนแต่ละคนในตลาด

ในสังคมที่ประชาชนเคารพทรัพย์สินของกันและกัน ปฏิเสธการเริ่มต้นความรุนแรง สามารถค้าขายกันได้อิสระ มีเงินที่ดีเกิดขึ้น แบ่งงานกันทำ เป็นทุนนิยมตลาดเสรีที่แท้จริง ไม่มีผู้ออกแบบที่ควบคุมสิ่งต่างๆ หรือวางแผนจากบนลงล่าง มันจะนำไปสู่สังคม civilization สมัยใหม่

อาชีพของนักเศรษฐศาสตร์สมัยใหม่อยู่ได้ด้วยการโจมตีเศรษฐกิจตลาดเสรี ว่าตลาดล้มเหลวและอธิบายเหตุผลสำหรับการแทรกแซงของรัฐ สร้างงานวิจัยที่ไม่มีเหตุผลเพื่อเป็นเหตุผลให้รัฐบังคับใช้ความรุนแรง นักเศรษฐศาสตร์กลายเป็นอาชีพที่ถูกครอบงำโดยรัฐ

** ตอนหน้าตอนสุดท้ายแล้วครับ

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

In anticipation of inflation rates that are expected to exceed 7% in 2022, investors are searching for investing strategies that will allow them to outrun inflation. During the inflationary circumstances of the last several decades, investors looked to gold as a safe haven where they could keep their wealth. However, these days, an increasing number of individuals are looking to Bitcoin as a means of wealth storage in a limited asset that is recognized everywhere. Owning digital assets such as Bitcoin may be a solid investment strategy in and of itself, but there are other methods to increase your portfolio more quickly than holding digital assets. Earning interest on Bitcoin, which is possible on several different investing sites today, is the simplest method.

Discover how you can start earning interest on Bitcoin right now by reading this article.

Step 1: Open a crypto account

Having a savings account on a bitcoin lending platform is by far the most prevalent option for bitcoin holders to get interest on their holdings. Institutional and individual investors can borrow bitcoin from these platforms. However, investors must use the cryptocurrency they borrow as collateral in case they don't repay their loans.

BlockFi and Nexo.io are two well-known examples of popular cryptocurrency accounts that provide the opportunity to earn interest on Bitcoin holdings. Nexo.io has the highest annual percentage yield (APY) for its interest rate.

In addition, Nexo is currently running a campaign that rewards new users with free bitcoin just for registering an account with the platform. The amount of free cryptocurrency a user gets from the promotion depends on how much money they put into the site. Customers who put in $100 get a $10 bonus, and users who put in $1,000 or more get $100 free cryptocurrency.

You also have the option of using Bitcoin on Ethereum's blockchain, which is referred to as Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC). You don't even need to establish an account to get started utilizing any of the various services available on the Ethereum blockchain to start earning interest on Wrapped Bitcoin. When you have successfully connected your Ethereum wallet to a decentralized platform such as Compound or Aave, you will be able to begin collecting interest on any bundled Bitcoin that you have.

New investors can look into cryptocurrency lending services to earn money on your bitcoin holdings in the simplest method possible. Signing up for an account is the only step required to begin accruing interest on your balance; all you need to do to get started is add some money. Because the majority of these accounts do not have minimum lockup durations, you are free to withdraw your Bitcoin whenever you choose. Hodlnaut is an example of a controlled exchange that makes it simple for new users to begin accruing interest on their Bitcoin holdings.

Step 2: Compare interest rates

Your Bitcoin savings account will earn a different amount of interest depending on the platform that you choose to use to manage it. On most sites, you may receive an annual interest rate on Bitcoin ranging from 3% to 8%. However, on certain platforms, like BlockFi, your interest rate is tiered and depends on the amount of Bitcoin you deposit.

For instance, you will get an interest rate of 6% on deposits up to 2.5 bitcoin, but you will only receive an interest rate of 3% on more than 2.5 bitcoin deposits. You don't have to put in a certain minimum amount to your BlockFi account before you can start getting interest on your bitcoin. You can put in any amount you want.

Most of these interest rates are considered floating rates, which means that they alter based on the supply and demand of the market. There may be little shifts in interest rates on occasion, even though most rates don't change by all that much regularly. It is smart to keep an eye on the interest you are accumulating to ensure that you are getting the best potential rate of return on your investment.

Step 3: Add Bitcoin to your portfolio

Some bitcoin lending sites such as BlockFi allow you to acquire cryptocurrencies straight from your bank via a wire transfer. In order to accomplish this goal, you will need to provide your financial institution's account number and routing number. Once you've given your bank information, you'll be able to buy bitcoin and start getting interest on your investment right away.

On some services, like Nexo.io, you are only permitted to deposit cryptocurrency onto the platform. You will need to register for an account with a cryptocurrency exchange if you do not already own bitcoin in your possession.

eToro and Coinbase are two examples of exchanges that are simple to use and allow users to purchase bitcoin using a bank account. The mobile applications provided by these exchanges make it simple to take care of your cryptocurrency holdings wherever you are.

If you want to participate in the Wrapped Bitcoin interest program, you may purchase Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) on Coinbase and then transfer it to your chosen Ethereum wallet. Coinbase Wallet and Metamask are two examples of good software wallets that can be used with Ethereum. Both wallets are simple to use and work well with decentralized apps.

After your WBTC has been transferred to your Ethereum Wallet, all that is required of you to begin collecting interest on your wrapped Bitcoin is to link your wallet to an application such as Compound or Aave.

Step 4: Earn interest

When you put money into an account that pays interest, you should start collecting that income as soon as possible after making the deposit. The amount of interest you earn on your savings account will differ from one bitcoin platform to the next and depend on the quantity of bitcoin you initially put into the account.

If you want to earn a significant amount of interest from bitcoin, keeping your funds in a savings account for the long term is a good idea because interest rates can range anywhere from 3% to around 10%. If you want to earn this kind of interest, keeping your funds in the savings account for as long as possible is best.

How Does Compound Interest Work for Bitcoin?

Two primary forms of interest may be earned from a savings account: simple interest and compound interest. Simple interest is the more straightforward of the two types. In the case of simple interest, an investor will only receive income on the primary amount invested. However, in the case of compound interest, an investor will gain interest not only on the main investment but also on the interest that was earned in the past. Compound interest contributes to your account's growth at a rate higher than the rate of simple interest.

Your savings account will add compound interest to your balance at intervals determined by the savings account provider you choose to work with. If you invest your money for a shorter period of time, your compound interest earnings will be higher. This is because as soon as the money you have already earned is transferred into your savings account, you will start earning more interest on top of the interest you have already earned.

BlockFi provides compound interest, which is added to your account regularly and accumulates over time. Nexo.io is the only platform that gives compound interest every day. Other platforms only give it every few days or even less often.

There is not much of a difference in the earning potential between compound interest deposited weekly and that deposited daily, despite the fact that shorter time intervals will cause your portfolio to expand at a quicker rate. When it comes to compound interest, quarterly or monthly intervals are much more important than daily or weekly intervals because the interest you earn at quarterly or monthly intervals is much higher than the interest you earn at daily or weekly intervals.

The Pros and Cons of Earning Interest in Bitcoin

Earning interest in Bitcoin may provide you with access to high interest rates, which is one of the main advantages of doing so. Most conventional savings accounts pay out yearly interest of less than one percent. However, bitcoin savings accounts often pay out interest rates that are at least five times as high as conventional savings account interest rates. And since interest is paid in Bitcoin, any increase in the value of Bitcoin will result in an increase in the amount of interest that you have earned.

The price volatility of the cryptocurrency presents the greatest threat when considering Bitcoin as a potential way of generating interest income. Even if you receive 6% interest on your bitcoin, the USD value of your account will remain the same after investing for a year even if the price of bitcoin decreases by only 6%. If you feel that the price of Bitcoin will increase over the long run, then opening a bitcoin account that pays interest might be a suitable investment for you.

Trading Bitcoin vs. Earning Interest

You, as a bitcoin investor, are going to need to decide if you are going to trade your bitcoin or HODL it. You can get more bitcoin by trading the ones you already have, but doing so puts your investment at risk of losing value due to market forces.

Trading cryptocurrencies is a high-risk approach since the prices of cryptocurrencies have been and will continue to be very volatile. Instead, most Bitcoin investors who have faith in the cryptocurrency hang on to their holdings to speculate on its value. Earning income on your Bitcoin holdings is a terrific, low-risk way to enhance your Bitcoin position if you expect to keep your Bitcoin for the long term.

That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

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@ d34e832d:383f78d0

“Another possible form of ecash could be based on Wei Dai's b-money. This is like hashcash, something which represents a measurable amount of computational work to produce. It therefore can't be forged. This could be a very robust payment system and is worth pursuing further.”

Cashu: Privacy-Preserving Ecash System for Bitcoin

Cashu is a free and open-source Chaumian ecash system designed specifically for Bitcoin. Offering near-perfect privacy for users of custodial Bitcoin applications, Cashu ensures that personal information, fund amounts, and transaction parties remain confidential.

Cashu Protocol: Open and Implementable

Cashu stands as an open ecash protocol available for implementation by anyone. The Cashu NUTs (Notation, Usage, and Terminology) outline the specifications for implementing the protocol, making it accessible for developers to build their own wallets.

Libraries

Various Cashu libraries provide developers with tools to create wallets, mints, and other services that leverage the Cashu protocol.

Certainly! Here's a rewritten article in Markdown format:

---

The Cashu Protocol

Cashu is an open-source ecash protocol designed for Bitcoin. Being an open protocol, it allows everyone to develop their own software, fostering interaction among various Cashu applications. Applications adhering to the specifications ensure compatibility within the broader ecosystem.

BDHKE: Blind Diffie-Hellmann Key Exchange

The Blind Diffie-Hellmann Key Exchange (BDHKE) serves as the foundational cryptographic scheme within the Cashu protocol for both signing and redeeming ecash tokens. In this model, three essential actors play distinct roles:

• Sending user: Alice
• Receiving user: Carol
• Mint: Bob

Bob (Mint) - Key Components

• k: Private key of the mint (distinct for each amount)
• K: Public key of the mint
• Q: Promise (blinded signature)

Alice (User) - Key Components

• x: Random string (secret message), corresponding to point Y on the curve
• r: Private key (blinding factor)
• T: Blinded message
• Z: Proof (unblinded signature)

Blind Diffie-Hellmann Key Exchange (BDHKE) Steps

1. Mint (Bob): Publishes public key ( K = kG ).
2. Alice: Picks secret ( x ) and computes ( Y = \text{hash_to_curve}(x) ).
3. Alice to Bob: Sends ( B_ = Y + rG ) with ( r ) being a random blinding factor (blinding).
4. Bob to Alice: Sends back blinded key ( C_ = kB_ ) (DH key exchange and signing).
5. Alice: Calculates unblinded key as ( C_ - rK = kY + krG - krG = kY = C ) (unblinding).
6. Alice to Carol: Takes the pair ( (x, C) ) as a token and sends it to Carol.
7. Carol to Bob: Sends ( (x, C) ) to Bob, who checks that ( k \times \text{hash_to_curve}(x) == C ) (verification). If valid, treats it as a spend of a token, adding ( x ) to the list of spent secrets.

NUTs: Notation, Usage, and Terminology

Cashu NUTs provide detailed specifications for the Cashu protocol. For a comprehensive understanding and implementation guide, refer to the Cashu NUTs (Notation, Usage, and Terminology) .

---

Feel free to replace "link-to-nuts" with the actual link to the Cashu NUTs documentation. Adapt the content as needed for your specific context.

Implementations in Various Languages

Python

```python

Cashu Nutshell Python Library

import cashu_nutshell ```

TypeScript

typescript // Cashu-TS TypeScript Library import cashu_ts from 'cashu-ts';

Rust

rust // Cashu Rust Libraries use cashu_crab; use cashu_rs;

Golang

go // Cashu-Feni Golang Library import "github.com/cashu-feni/cashu-feni";

Kotlin

kotlin // Cashu Client Library in Kotlin import cashu_client;

Dart

dart // Cashu Dart Library import 'package:cashu_dart/cashu_dart.dart';

Cashu Mints

Nutshell

Nutshell serves as the reference mint implementation in Python.

Moksha

Moksha is a Rust-based Cashu wallet and mint, providing additional flexibility and functionality.

Cashu-rs-mint

Cashu-rs-mint stands as a Rust-based mint implementation, offering a robust solution for secure transactions.

Feni

Feni is a Golang mint, contributing to the variety of available mint implementations.

LNbits Extension

The Cashu LNbits extension empowers LNbits users to run their own Nutshell mint, enhancing their control over the security and privacy of their transactions.

---

@ d8a2c33f:76611e0c

First in, first out.

When ChatGPT was released in November 2022, it was the only chat interface that offered a new way to interact with LLMs. However, in March 2023, they updated it with GPT-4 and introduced the ChatGPT Plus plan. I immediately signed up for the Plus version as it was leaps ahead of the competition and provided real value in responses. Throughout last year, they updated it with additional features such as plugins, code interpreter, custom GPTs, vision, and the GPT store. This also attracted lots of new users, and their backend was not able to keep up with the load. The service started to become slow and unresponsive during peak hours, and the responses became less useful.

When I look at my usage, it is always in bursts when I want to get something done. So, often I hit rate limits and have to wait 3-5 hours before it gets reset. As a result, I started using it less and less over time. I am always the guy who is first in line to get any new tech gadgets, but I am also the first one to leave when the service hits its limit.

Don’t leave money on the table

As you know, the same GPT-4 can be accessed using API. If you compare the cost using API, you will need to generate more than 120,000 words to break even with $20. See the picture below. 120,000 words is equivalent to a full book, which translates to at least using it 300+ times in a month. When I looked at my chat history, I was barely crossing 60k words even using it while creating several articles and doing data analysis. So technically, I could have used the GPT-4 API for the same and saved money. So, a $20 all-you-can-eat buffet sounds good on paper until you can’t eat after the second round.

Privacy concerns are huge

LLMs get better and better when you throw good data. So the key differentiator between models is the datasets they use to train. This is why they give away GPT 3.5 for free to collect, review, and train using the data they receive. Only for teams, you can opt out of training based on your data. Elon Musk said it out loud.. “Everyone is training on copyrighted data.” Look what happened to New York Times. While you can be careful, at times you may copy/paste some personal or company private information unknowingly, which can come back. Check this article: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/openai-rolls-out-imperfect-fix-for-chatgpt-data-leak-flaw/

We are Kept in the dark all the time:

OpenAI regularly updates ChatGPT to enhance its capabilities, such as improving factuality and mathematical reasoning. These updates are crucial to maintain the model's relevance and accuracy. However, the specifics of these updates are not always immediately clear to the public. While OpenAI provides release notes, some users find that changes in model behavior are more readily discussed in forums and blogs rather than through official channels.

Also, I simply do not trust OpenAI with my data. We all know about Sam's firing drama that happened in November 2023. Very few details emerged after that event, and no one knows what really happened. Additionally, Ilya Sutskever, who, according to Elon Musk, has a better moral compass, has been missing in action since December 14th.

Easy alternatives exists:

Since GPT-4 is available as an API and so is Claude, Google Gemini Pro, and many other open-source LLMs, this means you can simply set up a user interface to access these LLMs using API and only pay per use. There are many open-source chat interfaces that let you do that.

Here are a couple:

Big-AGI - https://big-agi.com/: You can simply use their web version but input your API keys and use it. You can also download and run it locally without giving away your privacy. Or deploy it on a cloud instance.

ChatbotUI - https://www.chatbotui.com/: This is another really good chat interface that you can run locally completely free and open source built by star developer Mckay Wrigley https://github.com/mckaywrigley

Bing & Bard: Bing copilot has access to the web and GPT-4. Bard has access to Gemini Pro. Both provide lots of functionality for free when searching, browsing, and utilizing AI to get better results or formats.

More and more SaaS products started to integrate AI features right into it so that you don’t have to go outside to access AI. Co-pilots, sidekick, AI knowledge are some of the features that are being rolled out. Wait till Apple WWDC. They are going to have a ton of features integrated into iOS and Mac Apps.

Also, depending on your use case, there are several use case-focused AI solutions such as Perplexity for search, POE for AI agents, GoCharlie.ai for blogs, social media posts, and if you want to dig deeper, you can go to https://theresanaiforthat.com/most-saved/ to see other 10,000+ AI solutions.

Run your own AI.

I am a big proponent of open-source LLMs and there are plenty. If you have an Apple silicon MacBook Pro, then you can run small LLMs directly on it. Simply experiment with what you can do or if you want something bigger, you can always build a GPU machine that can host larger models. You can check out this article I wrote before:

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/get-your-own-ai-2024-arun-nedunchezian-ymrye%3FtrackingId=WP0hTSn%252FRwymJLIc0fl4Sg%253D%253D/?trackingId=WP0hTSn%2FRwymJLIc0fl4Sg%3D%3D

What am I missing?

Nothing but FOMO. Influencers, AI experts, and other tech reviewers create big FOMO with ChatGPT features and how you can create from websites to earning 6 figures and automate lots of tasks. While these demos are cool to look at, they are often not feasible to use on a daily basis. Also, the whole point of AI is to free you from repetitive tasks rather than being chained to a chat interface all day long.

What are your thoughts on ChatGPT and its alternatives? Have you tried any other open-source LLMs or integrated AI features into your own projects?

I'd love to hear your experiences and recommendations!

@ c1a643cc:da9777eb

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判定1回または5回 私は以前、2017 年に著書「市場サイクルをマスターする: 投資機会、リスク、態度、市場サイクル」(市場サイクルをマスターする) を執筆していたときの記事を書きました。その時、私はいくつかのアイデアについて議論していました。息子のアンドリューともう一度話し合いました。「ご存知のとおり、振り返ってみると、私の市場判断は常にほぼ正しかったと思います。」と言うと、彼の答えはいつものように的を射たものでした。 50年間で5回の判決を下した。」

これらの 5 つの例では、個別の覚書発行の前後で、市場は激怒しているか、深刻な低迷のいずれかであったため、私はより防御的になるか攻撃的になることを提案できました。同時に、それが正しい可能性も十分にあります (さらに先に進む前に、これらの判断の背後にある論理は後から考えると正しいように見えますが、だからといって、私が判断を下す際にそれほど恐れていなかったという意味ではないことを明確にさせてください)これらの決定。）

人がどのようにして市場判断を行うのかを説明するために、私がこれら 5 つの判断を下すよう命じられた理由を簡単にまとめておきます (各セクションで引用した同時期のメモで十分なので詳細は説明しません)。 .) 各イベントの説明を読みながら、各エピソードに寄与し、そこから派生した力がどのように次のエピソードにつながるかをよく見てください。私が長い間因果関係の役割を強調してきた理由が理解できるでしょう。市場サイクル。

II. 2000 年 1 月 1999 年の秋、テクノロジー、メディア、通信株の急騰を背景に、私はエドワード首相の傑出した本「Devil Take the Hindmost」（悪魔は最後尾を奪う）を読みました。

私は、TMT のブームと歴史的なバブルとの類似点に衝撃を受けました。後者はこの本の主題です。簡単に利益を上げたいという誘惑、日々の仕事を辞めてお金を投資したいという欲求、そして損失を出しても喜んで投資する能力ビジネスモデルでは説明できない企業――こうした感情はすべて、バブルとその痛みを伴う崩壊につながる金融史の流れの中で韻を踏むテーマであり、1999 年が終わりに近づくにつれ、これらすべてが投資家の行動に現れました。

当時私は株式投資に直接関与しておらず、オーク キャピタルの投資ではテクノロジー セクターとの関わりは (あったとしても) ほとんどありませんでしたが、それでも、あまりにも出来すぎていると思われる多くの市場の話を観察していました。それは、2000 年初頭に公開した私のメモ「bubble.com」（bubble.com）の中で述べています。このメモは、ハイテク投資家がどのようにして若い企業の株を天文学的な価格（多くの場合、現在の利益の数倍の価格）で購入できるかについて説明しています。これらの企業は一般的に利益を出していません。実際、多くの企業は収益がありません。この場合、価格は単に概念や希望以上のものに基づいています。私はバブルを資産または産業の不合理な上昇と定義しています。 1990 年代後半の TMT の熱狂はこの定義の一例であるため、私は次のように書きました。

要するに、ハイテク株、インターネット株、通信株が過熱する投機市場であるという証拠をたくさん見つけましたし、過去の熱狂との類似点も同様です...

今のテクノロジー株、インターネット株、通信株について言えば、株価が高すぎて今にも下落しようとしているのは、今日貨物列車の前に立っているようなもので、巨大な好景気の恩恵を受けたと言うのは見るべきである。非常に懐疑的ですが、私はあなたに言うべきだと思います。

私の考えでは、TMT バブルは 2000 年初頭に崩壊しました。他に理由はありません。株価が持続不可能なほど高くなったことです。S&P 500 は 2000 年の高値から 2002 年の安値まで 46% 下落しました。この期間にナスダック総合指数は 80% 下落しました。多くのハイテク株はさらに下落し、電子商取引などの分野の多くの若い企業は最終的に無価値になりました。その後、「バブル」という用語は新世代の日常用語の一部になりました。投資家たち。

III. 2004 年末から 2007 年半ばまで 2000 年代半ば、TMT バブルの影響でこのような環境が生まれましたが、私の考えでは、それはゆっくりと発展する列車事故のようなもので、「遅い発展」に重点が置かれていました。 ...あるいは、私のタイミングは正しかったのですが、マイナスの結果が必要以上に長くかかりました。

つまり、連邦準備制度は、TMT バブル崩壊の潜在的な結果に対処するために、フェデラル ファンド金利を新たな最低水準に引き下げるという緩和的な金融政策を実施しているのです。そして今日戻る) 2004 年末、私は次のことに気づきました。

(a) ほとんどの資産クラスで期待リターンが異常に低い。

(b) 投資家はこれらの低い収益を改善しようとしてリスクを追求し、高リスクの「オルタナティブ」投資を受け入れるよう促します。

私は備忘録「ゼイ・ゼイ・ゴー・アゲイン」（2005年5月）でこれらのオルタナティブ投資のいくつかを指摘し、住宅用不動産についての議論にほとんどの時間を費やした。なぜなら、これは投資家が犯している最も明らかな間違い、つまり価格が上昇するだけだと信じているからである。投資家の傾向についても説明しました。

(a) 過去のサイクルの教訓を無視し、

(b) 新しい展開に混乱している、

(c) ベンチャーキャピタルは、「今回は違う」、「ハイリスクはハイリターンを意味する」、または「うまくいかなかったら辞める」などの決まり文句に導かれて流入する。これらの論理的間違いの多くは、不動産市場の投資家によって作られています。

この時期のオーク キャピタルの行動の原動力は、これらのどれでもなく、代わりに、オーク キャピタルの共同創設者であるブルース カーシュと私は、収益率が低いことを特徴とするクレイジーな取引について文句を言うために毎日お互いのオフィスを歩いて過ごすことに多くの時間を費やしていました。投資、リスクが高く、発行者にとっては多くのオプションがあり、これらを簡単に市場に出すことができます。

「そのような取引が成立するのであれば、市場に何か問題があるに違いない」という意見には誰もが同意しますが、慎重さ、自制心、価値観、あるいはチャンスを逃す恐怖に抵抗する能力を示す人はほとんどいないと考えられます。不適格証券の発行を防ぐための規律が必要であるが、当時はその機能を果たしておらず、憂慮すべき状況であることがわかる。

これらの観察は、当時一般的だった高価格と低い期待リターンの認識とともに、私たちが通常の防衛力の重視を大幅に強化することを確信させました。一部の戦略ではまったく資金を提供しない）、潜在的な新規投資を評価するための基準を大幅に引き上げました。

2007 年 7 月に、私はメモ「It's All Good」(It's All Good) を出版しましたが、その中で私はより重点を置きました (そしてタイミングも良かったです)。

私たちはこのサイクルのどの位置にいるのでしょうか? 私の意見では、神秘的なものは何もなく、低レベルの疑い、恐怖、リスク回避が見られました。

ほとんどの人がベンチャーキャピタルに積極的に参加するのは、通常、従来の安全な投資で約束された収益が非常に低いように見えるためです。

これは、安全な投資への関心の欠如とベンチャーキャピタルの受け入れによってリスクと報酬のラインがかなりフラットになったとしても当てはまります。リスクプレミアムは一般的に私がこれまで見た中で最もケチですが、それでも増加するリスクを受け入れることを拒否する人はほとんどいません応答...

私が「It's All Good」を書いてから 8 か月後、サブプライム住宅ローンに投資するファンドの圧力でベアー スターンズ (ベア スターンズ) が破綻しました。そして 9 月中旬、私たちはバンク オブ アメリカ (バンク オブ アメリカ) を目にしました。 ）メリルリンチ（メリルリンチ）の救済、リーマン・ブラザーズ（リーマン・ブラザーズ）の破綻、そしてアメリカン・インターナショナル・グループ（AIG）への緊急金融支援。

S&P 500 指数は 2009 年 2 月に 735 ポイントの安値まで下落し、2007 年の高値である 1,549 ポイントから 53% 下落しました (私が「今日のリスクとリターン」(今日のリスクとリターン) を早すぎて発表したときの水準よりも 39% 低くなりました) ）。

重要なのは、オーク キャピタルはサブプライム モーゲージや住宅ローン担保証券にはまったく関与していないことです。さらに、これらの資産は投資コミュニティの比較的片隅で取引されており、そこで何が起こっているのかについてはほとんどわかりません。慎重な結論は、あるテーマについての専門家の意見に基づいたものではなく、むしろ私が「市場温度の測定」と呼ぶものの異常に良い例でした（以下を参照）。

4. 2008年末 2008 年 9 月初旬、世界は比較的平静に見えましたが、前述したように同月中旬にリーマン・ブラザーズ社の破産申請が発生し、市場は急速に崩壊しました。リーマン・ブラザーズの破産は、ベアー・スターンズが独立した組織として存在しなくなったときに始まった論理的なプロセスの一部であり、最終的には世界的な金融システムの崩壊につながる可能性がありました。大文字で書くと金融危機が私たちに迫っていたのです。

私たちが目の当たりにしている無謀さ (前のセクションを参照) が最終的に当社の不良債権戦略に大きな買いの機会を生み出すことを期待して、オーク キャピタルは 2007 年 1 月から 2008 年 3 月まで不良債権のために 110 億ドルの「準備基金」を組織しました。

このファンドは、状況が危機の段階に達した場合に、投資資金を提供するために 2008 年半ばまでに設立されました。その前身のファンドは全額投資されたばかりだったため、リーマンが破産する前に、私たちはゆっくりと積立金への投資を開始しました。

リーマンショック後の市場不安の中、基金の資金を継続投資するのか、それとも積立金として運用するのか、それともスロットルを絞るのか、これが底なのか、どう進めるのが最優先課題でした。今後何が起こるのかをどのように判断すればよいでしょうか?特殊な状況と多くの不明点を考慮すると、信頼できる金融セクターの崩壊の歴史はなく、これらの問題に対処する賢明な方法もありません。将来は不確実であったため、私たちは唯一の分析フレームワークを適用しました。 (非常に単純ですが)次のように考えることができます。

この見通しには 2 つのポイントがあると思います: 世界は終わるのか、終わらないのか? 「イエス」と言えないなら、「ノー」と言って、それに応じて行動しなければなりません。特に、「終わる」と言うのは不作為につながりますが、「終わらない」と言うのは不作為につながります。 end を使用すると、過去に機能していたことができるようになります。

私たちの投資は、世界が継続し、企業が利益を上げ、価値があり、長期的には債権を低価格で購入することが可能であるという前提に基づいています。他にどのような選択肢がありますか? 。

現在の悪循環がどのように断ち切れるかは誰も想像できないようですが、必ず断ち切られると想定しておく必要があるのでしょう。

2年前と同じように、人々は以前は真実だと考えられなかったことが正しいと受け入れられつつあることに注意することが重要です。当時の見方は、大規模なレバレッジがかかったバランスシートは金融工学の奇跡によって安全になったというものでした。今日では、重要な金融セクターとその最大の機関は生き残ることができません... (「誰も知らない」、2008 年 9 月 19 日)

上記の推論により、私たちは、投資した後に金融界が崩壊した場合、私たちが何をするかは問題ではない、しかし、投資しなかったのに金融が崩壊しなかった場合、私たちは義務を果たしていないという結論に達しました。良い。

その結果、私たちは金融界が存続するという根拠のない仮定を立て、これは積極的に投資すべきであるという結論に達しました。ブルース・カーシュのチームは多額の投資を行い、9 月 18 日から 9 月 18 日まで毎週平均 4 億ドルを投資しました。年末までに、実質的に 1 四半期で合計 60 億ドルに達しましたが、その間にオーク キャピタルの残りのチームによる買収により、投資総額は 75 億ドルになりました。

オーク キャピタル以外では、実際に資金を投じてくれる人や、私たちが正しいことをしているかもしれないと喜んで認めてくれる人に出会うことはめったにありません。 ?!」

同じ頃、クライアントの代理店の CIO とも面会し、レバレッジ削減のためのファンドの自己資本調達の一環として、同ファンドは追加保証金の通知の対象となりそうになっており、すべてのことにきちんと対応しましたが、彼女のますますネガティブな状況について、私たちは彼女が「それほど悪くはないだろう」と認める段階に達したことはありません。

この抑えがたい悲観主義の表れは、当時はとても一般的だったようですが、私が購入した資産の価格には楽観的な見方はほとんどなく、損失を被る可能性は最小限であると確信させました。日：

懐疑と悲観は同義ではなく、楽観が行き過ぎると懐疑が悲観を招きますが、悲観が行き過ぎると楽観が生まれることもあります…。

弱気市場の第 3 段階では...状況はさらに悪化するだけであるということに誰もが同意しました。機会費用や利益の剥奪という点でのリスクも明らかです。私の考えでは、弱気市場が到達したことは疑いの余地がありません「これは、これ以上下落しないことや強気相場が始まることを意味するものではありません。しかし、それは、ネガティブな要素がテーブルの上にあり、楽観的な見方が完全に欠如していることを意味します。投資をしないことには、より大きな長期リスクが潜む可能性があります。

2003 年から 2007 年の景気サイクルの上昇局面における行き過ぎ、間違い、愚かさは、私がこれまで見た中でも最悪でした。その後のパニックも同様でした。証券価格へのダメージは、これらの行き過ぎを是正するには十分かもしれません。行き過ぎても、行き過ぎても、しかし、今は瓦礫の中から物を選ぶのに間違いなく良い時期です (The Limits of Negativism、2008 年 10 月 15 日)

重要なのは、(a) 最近買収した優良企業から最優先の社債を購入していること、(b) 債務残高を上回るほどの低価格で購入していることにより、準備金資本への投資に対する当社の自信が強化されていることです。たとえこれらの企業の最終価値が買収ファンドが支払った額の4分の1または3分の1に過ぎなかったとしても、企業は好業績をあげるだろう。

不安を抱えた CIO との訪問などの合間に、リーマン後の市場温度は低すぎる、恐怖が多すぎて貪欲が少なすぎる、悲観が多すぎて楽観主義が少なすぎる、リスク回避が多すぎてリスク許容度が低すぎる、ということが分かりました。これらのことがすべて現実になると、次のことが当然のことになります。

(a) 投資家の期待が低い。

(b) 資産価格が高すぎない可能性があります。

(c) 投資家が失望する可能性は低い。

(d) その結果、損失が継続する可能性は低く、価格が上昇する可能性が高い、つまり買いチャンスの縮図である。

5. 2012/3 2000 年半ばに TMT バブルが崩壊した後、S&P 500 は 2000 年、2001 年、2002 年に下落しました。これは 1939 年以来、3 年連続でマイナスのリターンとなったのは初めてでした。これらの下落により、多くの投資家は株式への関心を失いました。数年前までは、株価は長期間にわたって良いパフォーマンスを発揮できないという考えが広く広まっていました。

株式市場に幻滅がもたらされ、それがおそらく市場で最も強い力の一つであったため、投資家は市場に背を向けました。

最初の数年間は、連邦準備理事会が利回りを非常に低く抑えたため、株式や債券への関心が薄れ、多くの投資家が従来の資産クラスでは目標リターンを得ることができないと結論付けるようになりました。オルタナティブ投資への資金の流れが生まれ、最初はヘッジファンド、次にプライベートエクイティへと流れました。

やがて世界的な金融危機や金融セクターの破綻懸念に投資家はネガティブな感情を強め、これらの展開は投資家心理に深刻な影響を与え、その結果、S&P 500指数は2000年から2011年までほぼ横ばいで推移し、平均値は12 年間のリターンは年間わずか 0.55% です。

これは、2012 年 3 月に私が「既視感をもう一度」というメモを書いたときのケースでした。私のインスピレーションは、チリへの出張中に眠れずにいたことから来ており、オーク キャピタルをオープンしました。何か読もうとバッグを探していたところ、古い記事を見つけたのでもう一度読みたいと思いました。なぜなら、現在の環境と記事に記載されている環境に類似点を感じたからです。

この記事は、歴史上投資に関する最も重要な雑誌記事の 1 つである「株式の死」です。この記事は 1979 年 8 月 13 日の「ビジネスウィーク」に掲載されました。株式市場は振るわなかった。

一言で言えば、この投稿の主題は、株式のパフォーマンスがこれほど長期間にわたり非常に悪いため、もう誰も株式に投資しなくなるということです。

原因が何であれ、インフレの制度化とその波及と心理の構造的変化は、何百万もの投資家にとって米国の株式市場を壊滅させた。

投資家の皆様へ…株価低迷が依然として購入の足かせとなっております…

そうなると、良くも悪くも、米国経済は株式の死をほぼ恒久的な状況と見なさざるを得なくなるかもしれない――いつかは反転するだろうが、すぐには反転しないだろう…

幅広い投資家の関心を集め、信頼を回復するには、強気相場が一度に数年続く必要があります。

つまり、業績不振により投資家の関心が薄れ、関心の欠如により業績不振が継続するという、市場で時折見られる止められない悪循環が生じているのではないかと著者は考えています。何年も続けること。

投資界の多くの議論と同様、「株式の死」の主張は表面的には合理的であるように思えます。

しかし、もう少し深く掘り下げると、特にリバース投資家のように考えれば、論理的な欠陥が簡単に明らかになります。株式に対する楽観主義と熱意が低いレベルであれば、それは状況が悪化しないことを意味します、それで、何ですか? それは、状況が良くなっているという意味ではありませんか? この場合、株価の低迷は停滞が続くのではなく、将来の上昇を示していると考えるのが合理的ではないでしょうか?

上の文章は、平均的な投資家の考え方と、私が「第 2 レベルの考え方」と呼ぶものの違いを簡単に説明しています。後者は第一印象には依存しません。それどころか、より深く、より複雑で、より微妙です。特に、第二レベルの思想家は、一般的な信念が市場を形作ることを理解していますが、それらの信念が冷静な分析ではなく感情に基づいている場合は、支持ではなく反対に賭けるべきであることがよくあります。

平均的な投資家にとってマイナス要因は明白であり、その結果、マイナスの結論に達しましたが、表面的な見方や感情ではなく、論理と洞察力を働かせる投資家にとっては、大きく異なるものが見えてくるでしょう。

したがって、より経験豊富な投資家にとって、おそらく株式市場についてこれまでに書かれた中で最も徹底的に暗い記事である「株式の死」の後に、市場の歴史の中で（唯一ではないにしても）最も好調な時期の一つが続いたのは驚くことではありません。 1979 年 (記事執筆時) から 1999 年 (TMT バブル崩壊直前) までの 21 年間、S&P 500 の年間平均リターンは 17.9% でした。これは長期平均のほぼ 2 倍であり、1979 年の 1 ドルを 1 ドルに換算するのに十分です。 1999年には32ドル！

もう一度、「Everything Seems Familiar Again」からの抜粋です。

重要なのは、1979 年のこの上昇は、マイナス要因の蓄積と過度に悲観的な割引によって舗装されたということです...その推論が旗を掲げ、株を諦めた時期であり、リバース投資家が楽観的になった時期でした。それは常にこのようです。 ..

ここでの最大の皮肉は、外挿者が自分が歴史を尊重していると本気で思っていることです: 彼はすでに進行中の傾向が今後も続くと想定しているのです。しかし、彼の注目に値する歴史は最近の資産価格の上昇や下落ではなく、ほとんどのことが最終的に証明されたという事実でした。周期的であり、極端な状態から平均的な状態に戻る傾向があります。

2012 年に「株式の死」を再読しましたが、その記事を書いた当時と現在の環境の類似点がすぐにわかりました。最近の出来事は非常にネガティブで、パフォーマンスは悪く、投資家心理は低下しています。歴史の教訓から恩恵を受けて、私が前向きな立場を取るには、それだけで十分でした。

(2012 年の) ストーリーは 1979 年ほど絶望的ではありませんが、どれも同様にネガティブです。その結果、その後「株式の死」のような株価上昇が起こるとは予想していませんでしたが、容易に想像できました。私の頭の中にあるポジティブなシナリオ。

結果: 2012 年 — 「すべてが再びわかったようだ」の年 — から 2021 年まで、S&P 500 のリターンは年間 16.5% でした。再び過度のネガティブなセンチメントが急激な上昇につながりました。それは単純です。

2020年3月6日 5 つの判決のうち最後の判決は、読者がその背景を思い出すのに十分近いものでしたが、新型コロナウイルス感染症のパンデミックの初期に行われたもので、この病気がほとんどの人々の意識に入り始めたのは 2020 年 2 月で、その後、S&P 500 は前年比約 3 分の 1 に下落しました。 2月中旬から3月中旬。

パンデミック中の私の最初のメモである「誰も知らない 2」（2020 年 3 月）で、私はハーバード大学の疫学者マーク・リプシッチの言葉を引用しました。彼はポッドキャストで、この病気を理解しようとする中で、私たちは次のように述べました。

(a) 事実

(b) 他のウイ​​ルスの類推から導き出された十分に文書化された推論

(c) 意見や推測

しかし、当時の私にとってそれは非常に明白でした。流行の将来の方向性についての「事実」はなく、推測できる同様の規模の「他のウイルスの歴史」もありませんでした。 「意見または推測」

上記の結論は、簡単に言えば、私たちは未来がどうなるかわからないということです。しかし、未来について無知であるということは何も行動を起こせないことを意味すると考える人もいますが、論理的かつ冷静に考える人は、無知はそうではないということを認識すべきです。必ずしも、あるべき場所にあるとは限りません (これは、リーマン後の時代におけるオーク キャピタルの考え方と非常によく似ています)。

2 週間後の 2020 年 3 月 19 日、私は顧客限定の週次更新で同様の結果を出しました。

私の意見を簡潔にまとめます。複雑なことは何も言えないからです。

「底」とは、回復が始まる前日を指します。したがって、いつ底に達するかを知ることは絶対に不可能です...決してありません。オークキャピタルは、底を待つという概念に明確に反対しており、安く価値が得られるときに購入します。

底がすぐそこまで来ているとは言えないにしても、手の届く範囲で駆け引きできる条件は確実に揃っている。

これまでに見られた価格の下落と販売を考慮すると、今は投資に適した時期であると確信していますが、もちろん最適な時期ではないことが判明する可能性があります。

今日、お金をすべて使ってしまうべきだということに異論を唱える人はいないでしょう...しかし、繰り返しになりますが、まったく使わないほうがよいということに異論を唱える人はいないでしょう。

上で説明した市場の判断の一部は歴史的知識や論理的分析に依存していますが、この推奨事項は主に無知の告白に基づいています。しかし、長期投資家は、S&P 500 指数が 2 月の 3,386 ポイントで最高値を記録したときにどれだけの金額を株式に投資したとしても、約 1 か月後に 2,237 ポイントに達したときにポジションを増やすことを検討する必要があります。 「それは合理的ではありませんか? それが私の推論の本質です。私がその結論に達するまでの過程を段階的に説明します:

市場にパニックに近いものが現れたと言うのは簡単で、過去 1 か月間で記録的な下落率がいくつか見られました (これを超えたのは 1940 年以降のブラックマンデーだけです — 1987 年 10 月 19 日 — S&P 500 は 1 日で 20.4% 下落しました)。今週と先週の下落を含む日は、-7.6%、-9.5%、-12.0%、昨日は-5.2%となっており、これは大きな損失です...

... 人々は現金を出そうと先を争っている。ロングポジションとショートポジションの両方が手仕舞われている – 混乱と不確実性の明らかな兆候である。マネーマーケットファンドでは現金が大幅に増加した。これはファンダメンタルズについては何も語らないが、最終的な市場パフォーマンスの見通しは改善しました。

売れる人が増えれば増えるほど、

売れるものが少なくなり、

彼らが悲観的でなくなると、より多くの現金を購入に使用できるようになります...

（当社のトレーダーの一人、ジャスティン・クアグリア氏の言葉）2日間にわたる基本的な停滞ながらも（債券）市場の激しい圧力を経て、「ついに輪ゴムが切れた」。私たちは市場を 3 ～ 5 ポイント下げて取引を開始しましたが、ウォール街はリスクを取るかどうか再び躊躇しました...

私たちは破壊的な出来事、特に今日起こっている出来事を見て喜んだことはありませんが、ジャスティンが上で述べたような感情こそが、感情的な売り込みを促し、最高のお買い得品を買うことを可能にしてくれるのです。

歴史的根拠や厳密な定量分析は利用できませんが、上記の段落は、適切な行動方針を論理的に決定できることを示しています。

資産価格が急激に下落したという事実以外に何がわかっているのかというと、資産保有者の冷静に物事を保持する能力が失われ、刺激的な販売が増加しているという事実だ。

しかし、それだけで十分です。立ち止まる必要はありません。むしろ、ほとんどの投資家の恐怖と、その結果として生じる価格の急落を利用するのに役立つ手順があります。場合によっては、それが簡単なこともあります。ほとんどの投資家の本能的な反応が立ち止まることであるとき、 「売るか売るか、おそらく必要なのは、購入という逆の投資判断を下すことです。しかし、これを行うのは決して簡単ではなく、2020 年 3 月中旬は私が経験した中で最も困難な環境の 1 つでした。しかし、重要なのは - - ラドヤード・キプリングが彼の詩「What If」で書いたように - 「周りの人が正気を失ったときでも、頭をすっきりさせてください...」

7. どうすればそんなことができるのですか? 私は最初の数ページを使ってこれら 5 つの判断を説明しましたが、それは自己満足ではなく、個人が市況についてどのように有益な観察を行うことができるかを議論するための基礎を築くためでした。しかし、そこから本当に学ぶためには、時には一歩下がって、一連の出来事全体を見て、次のことを理解する必要があります。

(a) 何が起こったのか、

(b) 繰り返しのパターンがあるかどうか。

(c) このモデルからどのような教訓を学ぶことができますか?

時折、おそらく 10 年に 1 回か 2 回、市場が非常に上昇したり下落したりするため、行動する理由が説得力があり、それが正しい可能性が高くなります。息子が私に気づかせてくれたように、私はそのうち 5 回を特定しました。しかし、50 年間で 50 回の市場判断を下そうとしたらどうなるでしょうか? ... それとも 500 年でしょうか?

定義上、市場に対する私の判断は中間点に近いはずです。おそらく高いか低いかもしれませんが、信頼できる結論を導き出すほど極端ではありません。投資家は市場での判断において成功した実績が乏しいのです。資産の価格が高すぎるということは、何かが少し高すぎてさらに大幅に高価になり、その後深刻なバブルに変わることが簡単に起こり、またその逆も同様です。

実際、軽微な価格設定の間違いが常に即座に修正されることが期待できれば、それらが時折見られる狂乱、バブル、暴落に発展することは決してありません。

ですから、マクロ的な判断をあまり頻繁にしないことが重要であり、私はコイントスの結果を予測したり、シーズン中のすべてのラグビーの試合で人気のあるチームが点差で勝つことができるかどうかを判断したりして生計を立てようとは思いません。

ウォーレン・バフェット氏が言ったように、自分のスポットを選択し、良いスローボールを待つ必要があります。ほとんどの場合、継続的に市場に参入することをやめても、失うものは何もありません。市場の市場に参加しているだけです。これらは通常、非常に有益です。

読者の皆さんもご存じのとおり、私はマクロ経済予測が一貫して利益をもたらす市場の判断を下せるとは思っていません。また、企業レポートを分析するだけで市場に勝つことができるとも私は信じていません。これら 2 つの問題については、アンドリューが述べたように (私の 2021 年 1 月のメモ「サムシング」を参照してください) 「価値の」）、「過去と現在に関する容易に入手可能な定量的データ」は、誰もが利用できるため、優れたパフォーマンスの秘密を保持するものではありません。

市場が極端な高水準または低水準にある場合、将来のパフォーマンスを適切に把握するための基本的な要件は、現在の状況を引き起こしている原因を理解することです。誰もが経済、金融、会計を学び、市場がどのように機能するかを理解することができます。 。

しかし、優れた投資結果は、物事がどのように機能するべきかということと、現実世界でどのように実際に機能するかという違いを発見することから生まれます。これを行うための基本的なインプットは、経済データや財務諸表の分析ではありません。鍵となるのは、一般的な投資家の考え方を理解することです。

私にとって、人間がしなければならないことはすべて、「市場の温度を測定する」という一般的な見出しに当てはまります。以下に、最も重要な要素を 1 つずつリストします。

パターン認識に取り組みます。今日の出来事の意味をより深く理解するために市場の歴史を調査します。皮肉なことに、長期的には、投資家のセンチメントとその結果として生じる市場サイクル（不安定で予測不可能に見えるものですが）は、ほぼ信頼できる方法で変動します（その気になれば）劇的な変化の原因、タイミング、規模を無視すること）。

このサイクルは私が「過剰と調整」と呼ぶものから生じており、一方向への強い動きは、遅かれ早かれ「空に向かって上昇する」傾向ではなく、反対方向への調整に従う可能性が高いことを理解してください。

ほとんどの人が非常に楽観的になって物事は良くなるばかりだと考えている瞬間に注目してください。これは、「何も高すぎるものはない」という危険な考えを証明するためによく使われる表現です。同様に、人々が非常に落ち込んで物事が良くなると判断しているときを認識してください。人々が盲目的に楽観的になるか、終わりが来ると、現在の価格水準と方向性が持続可能ではなくなる可能性が高まります。

覚えておいてください。極端な状況では、お金を稼ぐ秘訣は、上で説明した理由から、トレンドに従うのではなく、反転投資することです。感情的な投資家が資産の将来について極端な見方をし、それによって価格を不当なレベルに引き上げる場合、「簡単に」 「お金」は、その逆のことをすることで得られることがよくあります。しかし、これは、常にコンセンサスから単に逸脱することとは大きく異なります。実際、ほとんどの場合、コンセンサスは、ほとんどの個人が正しい理解に最も近いものです。

したがって、リバース投資で成功するには、次のことを理解する必要があります。

(a) 群衆が何をしているのか、

(b) なぜ彼らはこんなことをするのか、

(c) これを行うことの何が問題なのか、

(d) 代わりに、何を行うべきか、そしてその理由。

経済や市場で起こることの多くは機械的なプロセスの結果ではなく、むしろ投資家心理の行き来によってもたらされることに留意し、変動に注意し、可能な場合にはそれを利用してください。

自分自身の感情に抵抗し、群衆やその心理から離れ、参加しないでください。

非論理的な命題に注意してください。広く受け入れられているが根拠のない命題、または真実であるには良すぎる (または真実であるには悪すぎる) 命題に遭遇した場合は、適切な行動をとってください。

市場の温度を測定する際には、克服すべきことがまだたくさんありますが、私の意見では、コンピューター、財務データ、計算よりも重要なのは、見られる取引の影響を明確に観察し、評価することです。

以下についてさらに詳しく説明します。

パターン認識について: これら 5 つの判断のうちの最初の判断が 2000 年に行われたことにお気づきかもしれませんが、そのとき私は投資業界で 30 年以上働いていました。いいえ、市場の行き過ぎを理解するために必要な洞察と経験を得るのに非常に長い時間がかかったということだと思います。

最も注目に値するのは、私はこの記事で 2 ページを費やして「株式の死」の重大な間違いを説明しましたが、おそらくお気づきでしょうが、この記事が 1979 年に「ビジネスウィーク」に掲載されたとき、私は何も述べていませんでした。は簡単です: 私は本当にそうではありません。当時、私はこの業界に約 10 年いたので、(a) この記事の間違いを認識するのに必要な経験がありませんでした、そして (b) 経験がありませんでした。群衆から抜け出し、彼らの議論に抵抗するために必要な、非感情的な立場と逆投資の実践を形成しました。私が言えることは、これらの特性を究極的に発達させたおかげで、33 年後に同じ間違いが戻ってきたときに、同じ間違いを見つけることができたということですパターン認識は私たちの活動の重要な部分ですが、本から学ぶだけではなく、現場での時間と多少の傷跡が必要なようです。

サイクルについて: 私の著書「サイクル: 投資機会、リスク、態度、市場サイクル」では、サイクルの定義は一連の上下の変動ではなく、それぞれの変動が定期的に次の変動に続くものです。これが一般的な定義だと思います。 — むしろ、各イベントが次のイベントにつながる一連のイベントです。この因果関係がサイクルを理解する鍵となります。

特に、経済、投資家の心理、市場はいずれかの方向に進みすぎて、ポジティブになりすぎたり、ネガティブになりすぎたりして、最終的には中間で適度に揺れ動くことになると思います（その後、通常は大きく揺れ動きます）反対方向）。

したがって、私の意見では、これらのサイクルは「行き過ぎと修正」から生じるものとして理解するのが最も適切であると考えられます。個々の出来事の詳細を無視すれば、バーゲンを買う最良の機会が過度のネガティブな支配的な心理から生じることは、これらの 5 つの判決の記述から明らかです。 、一方、高すぎる価格で販売する最良のチャンスは過度の楽観主義から始まります。

8. マクロ判断とオーク資本文化 市場の判断というテーマに関して、私のメモ「知識の幻想」（2022年9月）の出版以来、何度も受けてきた2つの質問について触れたいと思います。この質問では、市場の判断がなぜそれほど難しいと私が考えるのかについて説明しました。有益なマクロ予測を作成します。

こうした市場の判断をオーク キャピタルの投資アプローチにどのように組み込むことができるのでしょうか?また、マクロの状況を予測せずに、企業、業界、証券に関する「ミクロな予測」を行うにはどうすればよいでしょうか?

1995 年にオークツリーの 4 人の共同創設者と私が新しい会社を立ち上げることを決めたとき、私たちは平均 9 年間協力してきました。新しい会社の指針となる投資アイデアを思いつくには、次のことが必要です。これまで私たちがうまくいってきたこと、そして私たちが信じていることを振り返ります。これにより、私たちは投資方法を説明する 6 つの原則を書き留めることになり、28 年間一言も変更していません。

これら 6 つの原則のうち、2 つはマクロ経済の判断がオーク キャピタルの投資手法にどのように組み込まれるかについて疑問を引き起こします。

第 5 条：「当社の投資決定はマクロ予測に基づいていない。」

第6条：「私たちは市場の時間を奪う者ではありません。」

最初のものは何を言っていますか? マクロ予測に基づいて投資しないと言うのは簡単です。私はこれを何十年も言い続けています。しかし真実は、もしあなたがボトムアップ投資家であれば、そうするでしょう。将来の利益や資産価値を見積もる場合、これらの見積はマクロ環境に関する仮定に基づいている必要があります。もちろん、その時点で経済に何が起こるかを考慮せずに、企業のパフォーマンスを予測することはできません。それでは、マクロ予測を避けることは私たちにとって何を意味するのでしょうか? 私の答えは次のとおりです。

私たちは通常、将来のマクロ環境が過去の正常な環境と同様であると想定します。

投資に豊富な「安全域」を持たせることで、将来のマクロ経済の発展が多少期待外れであっても、うまくいく可能性が高くなります。

私たちが決してしないことは、特定の投資を勝者にするために、マクロ環境が通常よりも大幅に良くなると予測することです (ある意味)。これを行うと、予測が正しければ利益が得られる可能性がありますが、そのような予測をすべて正しく行うことは困難です。さらに、マクロ経済の有利な展開に依存した投資は、投資家を失望させ、損失をもたらす可能性があります。

私たちの目標は、予期せぬ有益な投資ポートフォリオを構築することです。楽観的な基本的な仮定に依存することは、このプロセスに含まれる可能性は低いです。私たちは、いわゆる「中立的な」仮定を立てることを好みます。

したがって、私たちのモデリングは確かに巨視的な仮定に基づいています – それは必要です – しかし、それらが大胆で、具体的で、または楽観的であることはめったにありません。私たちが求める平均よりも高い結果は、異常なマクロイベントを予測する優れた能力からではなく、根底から構築する洞察から得られるものでなければならないことを認識してください。

ここであなたは、「覚書『海の変化』と、私たちがまったく異なる環境への移行を目の当たりにしているかもしれないというその主張について、あなたは何と言いますか？」と尋ねるかもしれません。私の答えは、この覚書については良いと思っているということです。

(a) 主に最近の歴史の振り返りです。

(b) 2009 年から 2021 年までの期間の異常な性質、その投資結果への影響、およびそのありそうもない繰り返しに関する主な観察 (私は、金利がこの時点からさらに 2,000 ベーシスポイント低下することはないと特に確信しています)。

指導原則に従うことは重要ですが、実際の変化が起こったときにそれを認識して対応することも重要です。したがって、私は標準的な実践からの許容できる逸脱として Sea Change を支持します (これまでのキャリアの中でこの意見を表明したのはこれだけです)私にとって、海と桑畑の変化は、予測というよりも観察と推論が重要です。

では、市場のタイミングはどうでしょうか? 数年前にリスク姿勢のフレームワークを開発して以来、私は、すべての投資家はほとんどの場合、通常のリスク姿勢で運用すべきであると何度も書いてきました。つまり、投資家にとっての攻撃と防御の適切なバランスのことです。

環境がこのバランスを変更するよう迫っており、あなたの判断が正しい可能性が高い場合、これまでに説明した 5 つの判断と同様に、変更することは完全に理にかなっています。

したがって、変更する必要がない限り、通常のバランス (オーク キャピタルの場合は守備の偏りを意味します) を維持します。しかし、攻撃と守備のバランスを変えることに喜んで取り組んでおり、実際、私の主な責任の 1 つは、オーク キャピタルの適切なバランスを常に考慮することだと考えています。

私たちが喜んでリスクに対する姿勢を変えるのであれば、「私たちは市場の時間を選ぶ人ではない」とは何を意味するのでしょうか? 私にとって、それは次のことを意味しました。

市場が下落して、現金を調達するのに魅力的だと思われる長期ポジションを売却することは予想していません。

(a) ポジションが目標価格に達した場合、

(b) 投資状況が悪化した。

(c) もっと良いものを見つけました。

私たちのオープンポートフォリオはほぼ常に満杯です。これにより、プラスのリターンを逃すリスクを回避できます。これは、通常、購入にはある程度の売却が必要であることも意味します。

「今日は安いけど半年後には安くなるから待とう」とは言いません、安かったら買います、もっと安くなって結論が出たら買います。私たちは、良いものを早く買うことよりも、安い機会を逃すことを恐れています。

今後数日または数週間で何かが安くなるかどうかは誰にもわかりません。これは投資家の心理を予測する問題であり、不可能であるのと同じくらい難しいのです。私たちは個人の価値を正しく測定できる可能性が高いと感じています。資産。

早すぎる購入について、少し時間をかけて興味深い質問について議論したいと思います: 上値で買うのと下値で売るのはどちらが悪いのですか? 私にとっての答えは簡単で、後者です。

後に市場の最高値にあることが判明したときに購入すると、下降変動を経験することになりますが、長期的な議論は依然として存在するため、心配する必要はありません。そして、いずれにせよ、次の最高値は通常は前回よりも高いため、最終的にはあなたが先に進む可能性があります。

しかし、市場の底値で売れば、この下降傾向は永続的なものとなり、さらに重要なことに、上昇を続ける経済と市場のエスカレーターを降りてきたことになり、すでに多くの長期投資家が裕福になっているのです。私が底値で売ることを投資における最大の犯罪だと説明したのはなぜでしょうか。

この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

“God does not play dice. “

Albert Einstein

Imagine you’re at the blackjack table, you’re dealt a 10 and a 7 (hard 17), and the dealer shows a 10. This is a bad situation, but the odds say you stand and hope the dealer busts. You are about to do just that, but the drunk guy on your right says, “Hit, bro, I’m feeling a four.”

What are the odds this is good advice?

I’m too lazy to look up the exact odds, but let’s just invent some very rough approximations to illustrate the point.

Assume there’s a 50 percent chance you will lose no matter what you do, i.e., it makes no difference whether you hit or stand. That means there’s a 50 percent chance you win (or push) assuming you make the right choice. Let’s further assume if you stand, there’s a 30 percent chance you win (or push), and if you hit there’s a 20 percent chance you win or push. Again, please don’t quibble about the true odds in this situation, as it’s unimportant for the example.

With these odds, what are the chances hitting on hard 17 against a 10 is good advice?

Let’s make it multiple choice:

A) 20% (That’s your chance to win)

B) 0% (It’s always wrong to hit when your odds of winning are better if you stand)

C) 40% (To the extent your decision matters, it’s 2 out of 5 (20% out of 50%) that hitting will win you the hand.)

In my view, A) is the simple response, and it’s not terrible. It recognizes there’s some chance hitting in that situation gives you the desired outcome even if it’s not the optimal choice. It’s probabilistic thinking, which is the correct approach in games of chance, but just slightly misapplied.

B) is the worst response in my opinion. It’s refusing to apply probabilistic thinking in service of a dogma about probabilistic thinking! “It’s always wrong to hit in that situation” is an absolutist position when of course hitting sometimes yields the desired result. The “but my process was good” adherents love B. It signals their devotion to the rule behind the decision (the process) and avoids addressing the likelihood of whether the decision itself pans out in reality.

C) This is in my view the correct answer. To the extent your decision matters, there’s a 40 percent chance hitting will improve your outcome and a 60 percent chance it will not. I’m not looking for self-help or a remedial grade-school probability class. I don’t need to remind myself of what the best process is — I simply want to know my odds of winning money on this particular hand.

Let’s say it’s a low-stakes hand, you’re drunk, you take the advice for laughs, the next card is in fact a four, you have 21, the dealer flips over a 10 and has 20. You win, and you would have lost had you stayed. You high-five the drunk. What are the odds now you got good advice?

A) 0% — bad process!

B) 40% — same odds, don’t be result-oriented!

C) 100% — you already won!

The answer is obviously C. The point of the game is to win money, and taking his advice* on that particular hand did just that for you. You are not obligated to use that heuristic ever again. This isn’t a self-improvement seminar about creating better, more sustainable habits. You won the money, and now that you know what the next card actually was, it would be pathological to go back in time and not take his advice.

*You might think this is just a semantic argument — what we mean by “good advice” depends on whether it’s applied generally or specifically, and that is the distinction, but as we will see below the conflation of the general with the specific is itself the heart of the problem.

I use blackjack as the example because, assuming an infinite shoe (no card counting), the values of each card in each situation are well known. Coins, dice and cards are where simple probabilistic thinking functions best, where the assumptions we make are reliable and fixed. But even deep in this territory, it’s simple to illustrate how a focus on process is not a magic cloak by which one can hide from real-life results. If you lose the money, you lose the money. The casino does not allow you to plead “but my process was good!” to get a refund.

Of course, this one-off example aside, in the territory of cards and coins, the process of choosing the highest winning probability action, applied over time, will yield better results than listening to the drunk. But when we move out of this territory into complex systems, then the “but my process was good” plea is no longer simply falling on the deaf ears of the pit boss when reality goes against you, but those of the warden at the insane asylum.

. . .

I’ve encountered a similar strain of thinking on NFL analytics Twitter too. Sports analytics involve probabilistic thinking, but as leagues and teams are complex systems, it’s hardly as simple as coins and cards.

When Giants GM Dave Gettleman passed on Sam Darnold — the highest rated quarterback remaining on many boards — at pick 2 in the 2018 draft, and took generational running back prospect Saquon Barkley instead, the process people were aghast. How could you take a low-value position like running back over the highest value one when your team needs a quarterback? You always take the quarterback!

As a Giants fan, I was happy with the pick. My view was the same as Gettleman’s in this instance when he said something to the effect of, “If you have to talk yourself into a particular quarterback at that pick, pass.” His point was that he’d have taken a quarterback he liked there obviously, but he didn’t like the remaining ones, so he went elsewhere.

Now people were especially aghast he took a running back rather than say Bradley Chubb, an edge rusher, or Denzel Ward a cornerback, two typically higher value positions than running back, and those would have been good picks too, as both players have been productive in the NFL**. But Barkley has been as advertised when healthy, despite playing with a substandard supporting cast his entire career. He’s a good player, though a star running back obviously won’t singlehandedly transform a franchise the way a star quarterback might.

** The optimal pick would have been quarterback Josh Allen who went at No. 7, but was considered a reach by many in the analytics community because he was a raw prospect with physical skills, but lacked sufficient college production.

But how did the process choice, Sam Darnold, do? He was a disaster for the Jets for three seasons, destroying any hope they might have had at competing, though they salvaged some value by dealing him to the Panthers for picks. He’s also been bad on the Panthers, to date. So did Gettleman make a good choice, drafting one of the consensus top running back prospects of all time over the not-especially-impressive top-two quarterback prospect in that particular class? By any sane account, he did. He landed the better player, and while Chubb and Ward would have been fine, so was Barkley.

But despite Darnold’s failure as a prospect, the process people won’t take the L! They insist even though Barkley is a good running back, and Darnold a terrible quarterback, their process in preferring Darnold was good! But I don’t care about your process! The quality of your process will be adjudicated by your long-term results, the way a religious person’s moral character will be judged by his God. I have no interest in your attestations and signaling, no inclination to evaluate your lifelong body of work. We were simply debating this one particular pick, the results of which are already obvious to anyone not steeped in this bizarre worldview wherein you can claim vindication over reality a priori via believing you’ve found the right heuristic!

There are two claims they are making implicitly here: (1) That if quarterbacks are more valuable generally, you should always take the best available quarterback over the best available running back, irrespective of the particular human beings at issue; and (2) That no matter what the results were, you would be correct to have taken the quarterback.

Claim (1) is the notion that if something is generally — or on average — the case, the specifics need not be taken into account, i.e., they see players as having static values, based on their positions, like cards in blackjack. Claim (2) is the idea that only the heuristic should be evaluated, never the outcome. Taken together they are saying, always do what is generically most probable, ignore details and specifics and have zero regard for how any particular decision pans out in reality. In my view, this is pathological, but that’s okay, it’s only an argument about football draft analytics!

. . .

Our public health response to the covid pandemic increasingly appears to be a disaster. From lockdowns, to school closures, to vaccine mandates to discouraging people from getting early treatment, it has cost many lives, harmed children, wreaked havoc on the economy and done serious damage to our trust in institutions. Many of those who were skeptical of the narrative — for which they were slandered, fired from jobs and deplatformed — have proven prescient and wise.

While some holdouts pretend the covid measures were largely successful, most people — even those once in favor of the measures — now acknowledge the reality: the authors of The Great Barrington Declaration, which advocated for protecting only the vulnerable and not disrupting all of society, were correct. But I am starting to see the same demented logic that declared Darnold a better pick than Barkley emerge even in regard to our covid response.

Here’s a clip of Sam Harris insisting that even though Covid wasn’t as deadly as he had thought, he would have been right if it had been more deadly. (Jimmy Dore does a great job of highlighting the pathology):

Harris is arguing that even if the outcome of our response has been catastrophic, that’s just results-oriented thinking! He still believes he was staying on 17, so to speak, that he made the right call probabilistically and that he was simply unlucky. (Never mind that locking down healthy people was never part of our traditional pandemic response playbook, and coerced medicine is in plain violation of the Nuremberg Code, i.e., he wasn’t advocating for blackjack by the book, and never mind that in highly complex systems no one can calculate the true odds the way you can for a casino game or even an NFL draft pick.)

But Sam Harris was far from the only one. Here’s Dilbert creator Scott Adams explaining why even though he made a mistake in taking the mRNA shot, his process was not to blame:

He’s not defending his process as strongly as Harris, and he appeared to walk this back in this video, but the sentiment is largely the same: There was nothing wrong with my process, I just got unlucky, and others got lucky.

This is not an NFL analytics argument anymore — it’s a worldview shared by policymakers and powerful actors whose decisions have major consequences for human beings around the world. They seem to believe that as long as they come up with the correct heuristic (according to their own estimations and modeled after simplistic games of chance where it can be known in advance what heuristic was indeed better), whatever they do is justified. If reality doesn’t go the way they had expected, they still believe they acted correctly because when they simulated 100 pandemics their approach was optimal in 57 of them!

But the notion that someone with the correct heuristics, i.e., the proper model or framework for viewing the world as a game of dice, is a priori infallible is not only absurd, it’s perilous. Misplaced confidence, unwarranted certainty and being surrounded by peers who believe as you do that no matter what happens in reality, you can do no wrong incentivizes catastrophic risks no sane person would take if he had to bear the consequences of his misjudgment.

What started as a life hack to achieve better long term results — “focus on process, not outcomes” — has now become a religion of sorts, but not the kind that leads to tolerance, peace and reverence for creation, but the opposite. It’s a hubristic cult that takes as its God naive linear thinking, over-simplified probabilistic modeling and square-peg-round-holes it into complex domains without conscience.

If only this style of thinking were confined to a few aberrant psychopaths, we might laugh and hope none of them become the next David Koresh. Unfortunately this mode of understanding and acting on the world is the predominant one, and we see its pathology play out at scale virtually everywhere we look.

@ fac513a1:d4f407a5

“Trust your gut.”

“Use immediate instinct.”

“Follow your dreams.”

How often have you heard these colloquial pieces of advice?

Depends how old you are a I guess.

Or how in tune to your body you’ve become.

Maybe, you’ve been lucky, and had a great spiritual guide in your life.

For me, it’s the kind of thing I’ve heard hundreds of times, and although it might have felt good, I am guilty of being overly dismissive.

“Yeah, whatever…”

Before one’s rational mind takes control again.

Planning.

Scheming.

Thinking.

But here’s the thing, what if I told you I’d come across a field of study that helped to explain these simple piece’s of advice?

Give me a moment of your time.

There’s no smoke without fire as they say…

Let’s dive in.

It’s called “Human Design”.

Ever heard of it?

Doubt it…

I certainly hadn’t!

Shout out to Jin, the coach who I worked with last year, that brought this to my attention; she use’s it as part of her emotional and energy related personal development work.

Given it’s a complex subject, we’ll keep this high level, but with any luck it will spark some interest in you.

Human Design combines a number of fields, to create a ‘bodygraph’, depicting your unique characteristics.

It’s confusing.

It’s detailed.

It’s like a map.

Indeed, you need someone well versed in Human Design to decipher your reading, which is precisely what I got.

Initially I was dismissive.

I watched the 1 hour reading that I was given by Jin’s friend.

It was kind of cool.

But a few months went by.

Then some more months…

Until my meditation coach Sama recommended a Human Design book, which I bought, and eventually got around to reading.

Then something started to click.

“I must go back and re-watch my reading”, I thought…

Like many things, one needs a few prompts, before allocating some decent attention to something.

To unpack a little more, with your birth date, time, and location, Human Design is able to explain to you a number of reasons why you are the way you are.

It combines traditional fields of wisdom and ancient books in a novel format.

Astrology.

Divination.

I Ching.

Kabbalah.

Vedic philosophy.

Frankly terms that I often run a mile from as hocus-pocus lah-lah land…

But the output is rigourous.

It’s insightful.

Indeed, from my personal experiences through life, what my Human Design reading explains to me resonates very strongly.

I am what it calls a “Manifestor”.

This puts me in a category with about 8% of the global population.

Funnily, it re-affirms certain behaviours I notice in myself.

Using my initiative.

Getting new things started.

Being a dreamer.

Hating to be controlled.

Some say Manifestors are “bold visionaries”, which sounds cool, but they have an attitude of “everybody else get out of my way”.

This resonates.

I love ideas, but I am also guilty of “being a bulldozer”, as my mother likes to remind me.

As I bring this to a close, let me reflect… Why tell you all this?

Truthfully, I’ve gained some value from studying my Human Design, as a way to decipher more about this world, who I am, and how I might best navigate the way forward.

I think you could to.

Whilst in the future when you’re thinking about building a team, getting into a relationship, or going into business with someone, a quick read of their Human Design chart will help you to pave the way for a more harmonious friendship.

What’s wrong with knowing what makes someone tick?…

Best, Jake

Ps - the more I delve into the spiritual world, the more I am fascinated, as if a veil is slowly falling from my eye’s. Why is this happening? Well I can’t help but feel it’s the mirage of fiat currency falling away. When someone has a money printer they can influence every part of life. Politics. Science. Religion. To some extent it’s all been corrupted. Indeed, it’s perhaps why I’ve found really tuning into myself, listening to what I think, truly feeling, such a powerful source of truth lately. Have you had a similar experience? I’d love to hear from you…

@ d1d10a3c:3409bf1e

A liberdade, privacidade e anonimato digital são pilares fundamentais em uma sociedade cada vez mais conectada e dependente da tecnologia. A liberdade digital refere-se à capacidade dos indivíduos de acessar informações, expressar suas opiniões e participar ativamente na era digital sem restrições indevidas. A privacidade, por sua vez, é a salvaguarda das informações pessoais de cada indivíduo, protegendo-as contra acesso não autorizado. Já o anonimato digital oferece a possibilidade de interagir na internet sem revelar a identidade, garantindo uma camada adicional de proteção.

Nesse contexto, o Bitcoin e o protocolo Nostr acrescentam de maneira significativa à sociedade. O Bitcoin, como uma moeda digital descentralizada, permite transações financeiras sem a necessidade de intermediários tradicionais, como bancos. Isso proporciona maior liberdade financeira, especialmente para aqueles que não têm acesso fácil aos sistemas bancários convencionais.

Além disso, o Bitcoin proporciona uma maior privacidade nas transações, uma vez que as carteiras digitais não estão diretamente vinculadas à identidade do usuário. Embora as transações em blockchain sejam transparentes e verificáveis, a identidade por trás das carteiras pode permanecer anônima, preservando assim a privacidade financeira.

O protocolo Nostr, por sua vez, foca na preservação da privacidade e anonimato, implementando técnicas avançadas de criptografia para proteger a comunicação online. Isso é crucial, pois a troca de informações sensíveis na internet deve ser resguardada contra potenciais violações de privacidade.

Em resumo, o Bitcoin e o protocolo Nostr desempenham um papel crucial no fortalecimento da liberdade, privacidade e anonimato digital. Ao oferecerem alternativas descentralizadas e métodos mais seguros de transações e comunicação online, essas tecnologias contribuem para a construção de uma sociedade digital mais justa e resiliente.

@ df3d362a:3c765ec9

The road to the circular Lightning economy inevitably passes through fiat country. Converting fiat and btc back and forth is (still) part of life. However, that road could be a lot straighter and far less bumpy, which is why we’re introducing FiatLink: a standard exchange interface for Lightning wallets and bitcoin brokers.

FiatLink is a technology that Lightning users … and wallets … and brokerages keenly need whether they know it or not. Most brokerages only support on-chain transfers, which take several minutes. Leveraging Lightning would let them onboard users in a few seconds. Users shun friction, so accelerating the on- and off-ramps benefits them all.

Crucially, FiatLink is an open API standard. Any wallet or app can access multiple brokers through a single interface, and every participating broker gains access to traffic from all those apps and wallets. No one is bound to anyone else through proprietary APIs. The market for fiat↔btc conversions becomes more free and open, which is always a good thing.

We’re confident that FiatLink is the standard Lightning has lacked and to prove it, we’re adding it to the Breez SDK. With the SDK as a FiatLink client, all the great app developers collaborating with us on the SDK will be able to access all the participating brokers out of the gate.

Both fiat and bitcoin are currencies, and while we have a clear favorite, FiatLink lets them both flow in and out of Lightning, in and out of apps, and in and out of brokerages.

FiatLink Under the Hood

FiatLink is a standard interface between Lightning apps and bitcoin brokers. And as with all Breez innovations, it’s free and open source.

Though operating a Lightning payment app for years provided us with pretty solid insight into what features would be required, we also sought the advice of Swiss bitcoin brokerages like Relai and Pocket Bitcoin to help us suss out the mechanics of global fiat ↔ BTC conversion. As a result, FiatLink includes all the features you need and none that you don’t.

Start at the beginning: a light KYC fiat on-ramp

We start with the most useful interface: a light-KYC fiat on-ramp. According to current Swiss AML regulations, non-Swiss users can transact up to 1000 CHF per transaction between Swiss brokerages and regulated, non-Swiss banks without additional KYC on the Swiss side. Since FiatLink includes Swiss brokerages, most users will be able to take advantage of buying bitcoin without any additional KYC requirements beyond the fiat payment process.

Payment Options

Users see a list of the available payment options (e.g. SEPA, credit cards, etc.) and supported fiat currencies along with applicable fees and exchange rates.

Quotes & Estimates

The API fetches (binding) quotes or (non-binding) estimates on conversion rates from brokerages.

Orders

Orders are confirmed based on the quotes provided and the payment information provided. The status of the order, including the amounts involved, can also be displayed. An order can be placed, filled, finished, or removed.

Withdrawals with On-Chain Fallback

Users can request withdrawals from the provider through LNURL-Withdraw, which lets them claim their funds via QR-code rather than submitting an invoice. They can also provide an on-chain address to receive the funds should the LNURL-Withdraw request time out.

Optional AOPP

The API offers optional calls to verify wallet ownership and to assign a session ID through the Address Ownership Proof Protocol (AOPP). When called, AOPP ensures users are using their own non-custodial wallets, allowing brokerages subject to the “Travel” rule to opt out of the data-sharing scheme. When no AOPP is required, these values can simply be randomized.

Who’s FiatLink For?

FiatLink is for wallets, users, brokerages, and apps that integrate Lightning. Basically all of us. We know who needs a Lightning ↔ fiat standard because our own users and design partners have been clamoring for it.

You need it, it’s here now, so give it a try.

@ 2edbcea6:40558884

Jan 26th 2024, San Jose Costa Rica - Last week The Bitcoin Freedom Fest took place in Uvita, Costa Rica. At awake famously known by several bitcoiners as the house of the first nostr conference #Nostrica . The Freedom Fest combined the same barefoot peace that characterised the first nostr unconference with a window to look into the actual state of bitcoin adoption in the area.

https://image.nostr.build/e266e8367793b60c2d0e71e23367639d254c10861a7df9f50989138f3f8fe439.jpg https://image.nostr.build/9e779979b5f8a8bb589a51d4939f58bc9560dc1a0d9ab001e29fda368901c45e.jpg

Nostrich in the wild that was left behind from #Nostrica

The Bitcoin Freedom Fest held talks from seasoned bitcoiners and from people, that until now, have had little access to any type of technology. Among the attendees were the indigenous Bribri and Boruca tribes, who shared their rich culture, spiritual awakenings, and crafts with us. In turn, they discovered more about the technology that could provide them banking opportunities for the first time.

This type of Bitcoin conference serves a meaningful purpose. It brings together brilliant minds to foster innovation, creating pathways for everyone around the world to access sound money and achieve financial freedom. The Freedom Fest in Costa Rica was a prime example of this, merging technology with cultural exchange in a truly impactful way.

https://image.nostr.build/2fa2002246ddc592817f34afab75109ca67bb3ee3a834537496d49ffe89cee7e.jpg

Around 250 Bitcoiners from all over the world and Costa Rica gathered to celebrate freedom in a venue that embraced all those vibes. But most importantly, it was a venue that reminded me of how all Bitcoiners are different, yet we are all united under one big belief: the option to choose.

There is a lot of Bitcoin development happening in Central America, but honestly, I don’t think any other grassroots approach has had the success of Bitcoin Jungle. Its founders pour their heart and soul into ensuring Costa Ricans and tourists can experience a Bitcoin Standard.

https://image.nostr.build/7b439eaf4b6c4201dd1e42cc184e462a3f91622f3a2a797f4ff3e9d0dd446b27.jpg

nostr:npub1az9xj85cmxv8e9j9y80lvqp97crsqdu2fpu3srwthd99qfu9qsgstam8y8 and nostr:npub154qfas8ztgkaudl6ck6x8zz5x8c9g88xtl38hmutn457vjexammqr2vqm2 giving some intro security advices for new bitcoiners.

I also want to give a shoutout to the head conference organizer, Nikki. It was her first time organizing a Bitcoin conference, and she did a magnificent job. Nikki juggled a lot during the past few months and still managed to deliver a quality event with enough side activities for everyone to experience Uvita.

In conclusion, I am so ready for another Bitcoin Freedom Fest. The teachings from this one will have me working on myself for the next 12 months, and I hope to return and reflect on them at the same spot where it all started.

https://image.nostr.build/ed8d1d2bc651a275a44a1c38ec1e21309593fd0ee9425ccbb572e9e4ad8d5104.jpg

I am also super proud and humbled that so many people chose my country to establish what I can only call a holistic revolution. I hope more Costa Ricans get to experience it, and I pledge my support to Bitcoin Jungle in order to achieve this.

I hope everyone who attended will leave a comment with their own POV. I can’t wait to hear back from Nikki about when the next Bitcoin Freedom Fest will be held.

And with that I say goodbye!

Stay classy, and pura vida! 🤙

Marce 💜

@ 064a50cc:2dd653e5

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Ubteo: Ubteo is a real estate tech platform that provides a suite of tools and services to buyers, sellers, appraisers, and vendors and more. The platform is powered by a full-stack web product built with React, Vue, Redux, Node.js, and AWS. Approx Development Cost: $ 9000 Monthly for the retainer team.

StorieTV: An AI laden new generation Video Steaming OTT Platform is about to be launched named as StorieTV. Storietv is bringing users, creators, and entertainment industry professionals together as one cohesive community. Approx Development Cost: $ 12000 Monthly for the retainer team.

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Best Practices Followed by Agicent Full Stack Development Company:

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Difference Between Full Stack Development And Front-End Development And Backend Development

Full Stack Development: Full stack developers are versatile professionals who have expertise in both front-end and back-end development. They are capable of working on all aspects of a web application.

Front-End Development: Front-end developers are responsible for creating the user interface and user experience of a web application. They focus on the visual and interactive elements that users see and interact with in their web browsers.

Back-End Development: Back-end developers focus on the server-side of web development. They work on the logic, databases, and server infrastructure that power web applications, handling data storage, processing, and retrieval.

Source: https://www.agicent.com/full-stack-development-company

@ 52921e1f:1c37981b

I. Introduction

In late 2017, I stumbled upon a digital phenomenon that would change my perspective on money and freedom – Bitcoin. Little did I know that this decentralized currency would not only redefine the concept of money but also become a beacon of hope for those seeking financial sovereignty.

Bitcoin, often hailed as digital gold, was born out of a desire for a financial system free from the shackles of centralized control. Its purpose is clear – to empower individuals with ownership over their finances, fostering a sense of autonomy that transcends borders and governments. In this post, we will explore the unique features of Bitcoin and its potential to revolutionize our understanding of money and financial systems.

II. Bitcoin's Unique Features

At the core of Bitcoin's allure lies its technical brilliance. Built on a decentralized network, utilizing blockchain technology and cryptography, Bitcoin stands as a testament to the possibilities of a peer-to-peer financial system. This decentralization not only ensures security but also makes Bitcoin resistant to censorship, providing a safeguard for financial freedom.

Understanding the significance of a decentralized network is crucial for appreciating Bitcoin's role in fostering financial autonomy. In a world where centralized entities wield immense power, the decentralized nature of Bitcoin becomes a powerful tool for individuals to break free from the chains of traditional financial systems.

III. Bitcoin's Role in Financial Inclusion

While financial inclusion remains an elusive goal for many, Bitcoin emerges as a solution that can bridge the gap. The unbanked and underbanked, often left on the fringes of the traditional financial system, can now access financial services with just a smartphone and an internet connection. Bitcoin's potential to reduce poverty and improve economic opportunities in developing countries is a testament to its transformative power.

Success stories of Bitcoin adoption in regions where traditional banking is inaccessible underscore its potential to empower individuals and uplift communities. It is a tool for economic empowerment that knows no boundaries.

IV. Bitcoin's Potential for Wealth Preservation

As fiat currencies face the risk of inflation and devaluation, Bitcoin emerges as a reliable store of value and a hedge against economic uncertainties. The current state of fiat currencies serves as a stark reminder of the need for an alternative, and Bitcoin fits the bill perfectly. Advocating for long-term thinking, Bitcoin encourages a shift in mindset towards preserving wealth for future generations.

Bitcoin's potential to appreciate in value over time is not merely speculative; it is a result of a deflationary supply model that contrasts sharply with the inflationary tendencies of traditional currencies. In a world where financial stability is paramount, Bitcoin provides a beacon of hope.

V. Bitcoin's Impact on Financial Systems

The potential for Bitcoin to disrupt traditional financial systems and institutions cannot be overstated. High transaction costs and inefficiencies that plague centralized systems find their antithesis in the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of Bitcoin transactions. The democratization of access to financial services and the reduction of centralized intermediaries mark a paradigm shift in the way we perceive and engage with our finances.

VI. Bitcoin's Role in Environmental Sustainability

Concerns about the environmental impact of traditional financial systems have gained prominence in recent years. Bitcoin, with its decentralized nature, offers a unique solution. By reducing the need for physical infrastructure and minimizing energy consumption, Bitcoin presents itself as a force for sustainable economic growth.

The environmental narrative surrounding Bitcoin should be viewed in a broader context – as a catalyst for reevaluating our current financial practices and exploring avenues for a more sustainable future.

VII. Addressing Concerns and Misconceptions

To fully appreciate the potential of Bitcoin, it is essential to address common misconceptions. Volatility, lack of regulation, and associations with illegal activities have often been cited as concerns. Indeed, volatility can be found today everywhere in stocks and even “low risk” government bonds. In addition, illegal activities are overwhelmingly funded by the existing fiat system. A nuanced understanding reveals that responsible use and education can mitigate these risks.

While acknowledging potential challenges such as security breaches and market manipulation, it is crucial to recognize that these issues are not unique to Bitcoin. Responsible engagement and continuous education are the keys to ensuring the safe and secure integration of Bitcoin into our financial landscape.

Note that money laundering for illegal activities requires banks and the traditional financial system to operate.

It is ironic that after decades of anti-money laundering legislation, the problem still persists, while our freedom and liberty has been eroded steadily as I wrote about here:

https://bitcoinfortress.substack.com/p/the-erosion-of-financial-freedom

VIII. Conclusion

In conclusion, Bitcoin is more than a digital currency; it is a revolutionary force that has the power to redefine our relationship with money and financial systems. I invite you to explore the potential benefits of this transformative technology. The journey towards financial freedom begins with understanding and embracing the principles that underpin Bitcoin – decentralization, financial inclusion, wealth preservation, and environmental sustainability. Bitcoin education is where it all starts. It's time to take the plunge, orange pill yourself, and embark on a path towards a future where financial freedom is not just a dream but a reality for all.

Not financial or legal advice, for entertainment only, do your own homework. I hope you find this post useful as you chart your personal financial course and Build a Bitcoin Fortress in 2024.

Thanks for following my work. Always remember: freedom, health and positivity!

Please also check out my Bitcoin Fortress Podcast on all your favorite streaming platforms. I do a weekly Bitcoin news update every week on current items of interest to the Bitcoin community, usually 30 to 60 minutes depending on the number of topics to cover. Please check it out if you haven’t already. Also now on Fountain, where you can earn Bitcoin just for listening to your favorite podcasts.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

What Is Dogecoin Mining?

Dogecoin is a remote bitcoin fork that has numerous significant deviations from the bitcoin source code. Nevertheless, its mining process operates in a manner similar to that of bitcoin mining. Dogecoin, like bitcoin, is a decentralized cryptocurrency, meaning that its digital ledger is not maintained by a single entity but rather by a network of nodes that are distributed over the internet. Because of this, no one organization is in charge of disseminating the bitcoin source code. Nevertheless, its mining process operates in a manner similar to that of bitcoin mining. Dogecoin, like bitcoin, is a decentralized cryptocurrency, meaning that its digital ledger is not maintained by a single entity but rather by a network of nodes that are distributed over the internet. Because of this, there is no one organization that is in charge of disseminating cryptocurrency all over the globe. Therefore, a decentralized approach was used in the process of currency distribution.

Dogecoin is issued and distributed by the protocol in a pre-programmed manner, similar to how bitcoin does it. Instead of a pre-mine, which is when the whole stack of dogecoin would have been generated in one fell swoop before the network's inception, dogecoin is issued and released by the protocol. Those who are referred to as miners are the people who are awarded freshly minted dogecoins. These crucial members of the network are the ones who contribute to the expansion of the dogecoin blockchain and are subsequently rewarded with doge for their efforts. Mining is an analogy adopted from extracting valuable metals from the earth since they also need to be mined at the expense of effort and energy. Mining is a metaphor from how precious metals are taken out of the ground.

Dogecoin miners, like bitcoin miners, have to spend money and use energy, although these expenditures are not the consequence of excavating the earth in search of valuable metals. The energy extracted from dogecoin is then sent to specialized computer equipment, where it is utilized to power the processors participating in a worldwide competition to solve mathematical riddles. The first miner who can correctly solve this problem will have the opportunity to add a new block to the blockchain and will be paid with dogecoin as part of a system known as a block reward. This miner will have gained an advantage over his competitors. This system gives the miners a lot of money for contributing their computing power to the dogecoin network and making it safe for peer-to-peer transactions to be processed without a central authority.

Dogecoin's Tokenomics

Unlike its more well-known siblings, bitcoin and litecoin, Dogecoin does not have a cap on the maximum number of coins that may be created, making it an inflationary currency. However, things weren't always like this. Initially, the maximum number of dogecoins that could be mined was 100 billion, and the block reward was programmed to decrease by one-half every 100,000 blocks up to block 600,000. This continued until block 600,000 was mined. Following that, the reward for each block would remain at a constant rate of 10,000 coins up until the maximum of 100 billion coins was achieved. If all had gone according to plan, this would have happened around one year and 160 days following the commencement of the mining operation.

However, the architects of dogecoin opted to give it a continuous tail emission by holding the block reward at a flat 10,000 coins per block at the beginning of 2014, three months before the final block reward would have been handed out. As a result, dogecoin has transformed into a deflationary currency, with an inflation rate that is projected to fall to 3.6% in 2024, 3% in 2030, and 1.5% in 2065 and beyond.

As a direct consequence of dogecoin's hard cap supply being lifted, the cryptocurrency's price started going down, and the network's hashrate went down dramatically all during 2014. The dogecoin developers made the decision to enable "merge mining" so that the network could acquire hashrate from other proof-of-work blockchains that ran on the same scrypt-algorithm. This was done so that the network could be protected against assaults that were equal to or greater than 51%. Merge mining enables miners to contribute computing power to two chains at the same time and compete for both rewards, without having to divide the offered hashrate between the two networks. This is made possible by the use of merged hashing, which was introduced in 2017. Miners can now mine both dogecoin and litecoin at the same time. This is a direct result of this change.

The Process and The Requirements

The contribution of computing power, commonly referred to as hashpower, to the dogecoin network is necessary in order to mine dogecoin. Anyone who has access to the processing power of a computer and is interested in mining dogecoin may do so since it is an open and permissionless system similar to bitcoin. In the early days of dogecoin, it was quite viable to mine the cryptocurrency by using the central processing unit (cpu) and graphics processing unit (gpu) of a home computer. As a result of the meteoric rise in popularity of dogecoin, an ever-increasing amount of hashpower is being contributed to the network, which makes mining ever more difficult. With today's technology, it is no longer possible to mine dogecoin profitably with a central processing unit (cpu). To contribute meaningful hashpower to the network, you will need either a very powerful graphics processing unit (gpu) or, even better, a so-called application-specific integrated circuit (asic) mining device at the very least.

Mining pools now dominate the dogecoin sector, much like they do in the bitcoin industry. If a miner only has a limited amount of computer power available, it is in their best interest to link their mining equipment to what are known as mining pools. A miner with less hashpower may join forces with many other miners in this fashion, increasing the likelihood that they will get a consistent flow of block rewards due to their mining efforts. Each miner receives a percentage of the rewards whenever the corresponding mining pool discovers a new block, and that fraction is proportionate to the amount of hashpower the miner has given to the pool. Most of these mining pools also support merged mining, which lets miners make different scrypt-based currencies at the same time without having to split up their hashrate.

How Much Can You Earn Mining Doge?

The profitability for a miner is determined by four distinct factors: the price of energy; the amount of hashpower available; the current price of dogecoin; and the reward for each block that is mined. The cost of energy is the most crucial of these characteristics, and it varies significantly from mine to mine due to the geographical location of each miner. All miners have the same experience with the remaining three factors. Consequently, miners tend to install their machinery in areas with relatively cheap energy costs, enabling them to run a more lucrative mining operation.

When we look at the gpus that generate the most money, we find that, depending on the price of dogecoin at the time, they make anything from $0.25 to $2 each day. Depending on the specific model, it might take anywhere from two to three years to fully amortize the graphics processing unit (gpu). Some of the most recent nvidia models have a hashrate that is just half of what it was in older versions. This was done on purpose to make them less desirable for mining so that they would be available for other uses. In a nutshell, we have come to the conclusion that it is currently not profitable to purchase gpus for the primary purpose of mining dogecoin (or litecoin) at the current pricing levels. However, if you own a strong graphics processing unit (gpu), this may be a good opportunity to make a few extra dollars on the side.

Things appear much better when mining with the most recent model of asic miners. When mining litecoin and dogecoin concurrently, they provide a profit of roughly $10–40 each day. However, it will take approximately one to two years for them to pay for themselves.

How Long Does It Take to Mine 1 Dogecoin?

The dogecoin network offers a block reward in the amount of 10,000 doge for each new block that is added to the blockchain. Since each block is created after a period of one minute, this indicates that 1,440 new blocks are added to the chain each day, making the block time one minute.

The daily mining total is 14,400,000 doge, calculated as follows: 10,000 doge each block, multiplied by the 1,440 blocks mined daily.

The amount of hashpower that a miner contributes to the network directly influences how long it really takes to mine one dogecoin. When using the most recent asic mining rigs, it is possible to mine an average of around 7 doge per hour per asic.

This value is much smaller when gpus are used for mining. Each day, a gpu has the potential to mine anywhere from 0.5 to 2 dogecoins on average. It is crucial for miners who like a continuous revenue stream to join a mining pool while mining with gpus since it might take years before a lone miner solves a problem and earns a block reward. Joining a mining pool is important when mining with gpus.

Is Dogecoin Still Easy to Mine?

Since 2014, it has been possible to mine dogecoin by merging it with the blockchains of other scrypt-based cryptocurrencies. As a result, its hashrate was heavily reliant on litecoin miners for a period of many years. This was before the craze around dogecoin, which began in early 2021 and resulted in the cryptocurrency being one of the most lucrative to mine. It should not come as a surprise that this drew many new miners who sought to make money off this opportunity. As a direct result of this, the hashrate of dogecoin has grown a lot and has even passed that of litecoin.

At the moment, the hashrate of dogecoin is about equivalent to that of ethereum. Because of this, mining using cpus has grown very inefficient in recent years. Mining using graphics processing units (gpus) is still a viable and lucrative option. If dogecoin's hashrate continues to rise in the years to come, this may also be subject to modification. Gpu miners will be forced out of business as a result of the proliferation of asic mining equipment, which generates hashrate more cheaply and in bigger numbers.

In conclusion, we can say that the following is true: yes, it is simple to mine dogecoin, even with a cpu. But in order to mine dogecoin profitably, miners will need gpus or, much better, asics.

How to Mine Dogecoin

The following are some of the fundamental actions that you need to take:

Step 1: Get Mining Equipment

Invest in mining gear or determine whether your central processing unit (cpu) or graphics processing unit (gpu) is up to the task. In order to mine dogecoin at a profit, you will require asic miners that are specifically developed for the scrypt-based algorithms. You may acquire them from the genuine makers or from authorized resellers. It is uncommon to run into a bottleneck in the supply chain.

Step 2: Setup Mining Software and Update Drivers

You will need to download and install the appropriate software (for your cpu, gpu, or asic) in order to operate the asic or cpu/gpu miners. If required, you should also update the driver for your gpu.

Step 3: Participate in A Mining Pool

Create an account and join a mining pool that best suits your needs. A list of the top five dogecoin mining pools is available for perusal on this page.

Step 4: Connect Your Devices to The Pool

After you have created an account with a mining pool, you will need to utilize this account to connect your mining devices to one of the servers that are maintained by the mining pool. Youtube has many instructional videos that walk users through the process of doing this task using either asic machines or gpus/cpus. Illustrations of both the gpu and the asic

Step 5: Create A Dogecoin Wallet

You will need to register your payout address with your pool account before receiving any of the income generated from the block rewards. If you don't already have a wallet for your dogecoins, now is the time to create one so you can start using the cryptocurrency. There are official wallets available for dogecoin, but a great number of unofficial wallets can store dogecoin.

Step 6: Begin Mining

Your mining pool's account settings will monitor your hashrate, earnings, and payment after everything has been set up. The majority of mining pools include a dashboard or even an app that allows you to monitor your mining activity and keep track of your progress. After you have successfully mined some dogecoin and gotten the block rewards, you can move the money to your own wallet using the mining pool account you have access to.

That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

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DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 46205202:5f2056a6

The State of Bitcoin Scaling

Updated: Jan 28, 2024

Broadly there are two groups within the Bitcoin community which I refer to as the "platform maximalists" (cypherpunks that want to scale self custody and make it possible to do more within the Bitcoin ecosystem), and the "monetary maximalists" (a based group that wants to integrate BTC into real society using pragmatic tools). These two groups are both working in parallel to scale Bitcoin, but trying different methods to see what sticks.

Platform Scaling

1. Meta-protocols
2. Ordinals & Inscriptions
3. Using blob-space to build soverign rollups
4. Covenants (of some kind)
5. improve lightning network
6. better self custody vaulting
7. expanding to new L2s such as Ark, and rollups
8. Drivechains

Monetary Scaling

In general: accepting and leveraging trust.

1. Ecash systems such as Fedimint & Cashu
2. What would the best custodial system look like (how to make custody private & as censorship resistant as possible)
3. ETFs
4. Leveraging the existing audit systems of traditional finance to make custodial ownership safer within the legal system.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Nostr: a quick introduction, attempt #1

Nostr doesn't have a material existence, it is not a website or an app. Nostr is just a description what kind of messages each computer can send to the others and vice-versa. It's a very simple thing, but the fact that such description exists allows different apps to connect to different servers automatically, without people having to talk behind the scenes or sign contracts or anything like that.

When you use a Nostr client that is what happens, your client will connect to a bunch of servers, called relays, and all these relays will speak the same "language" so your client will be able to publish notes to them all and also download notes from other people.

That's basically what Nostr is: this communication layer between the client you run on your phone or desktop computer and the relay that someone else is running on some server somewhere. There is no central authority dictating who can connect to whom or even anyone who knows for sure where each note is stored.

If you think about it, Nostr is very much like the internet itself: there are millions of websites out there, and basically anyone can run a new one, and there are websites that allow you to store and publish your stuff on them.

The added benefit of Nostr is that this unified "language" that all Nostr clients speak allow them to switch very easily and cleanly between relays. So if one relay decides to ban someone that person can switch to publishing to others relays and their audience will quickly follow them there. Likewise, it becomes much easier for relays to impose any restrictions they want on their users: no relay has to uphold a moral ground of "absolute free speech": each relay can decide to delete notes or ban users for no reason, or even only store notes from a preselected set of people and no one will be entitled to complain about that.

There are some bad things about this design: on Nostr there are no guarantees that relays will have the notes you want to read or that they will store the notes you're sending to them. We can't just assume all relays will have everything — much to the contrary, as Nostr grows more relays will exist and people will tend to publishing to a small set of all the relays, so depending on the decisions each client takes when publishing and when fetching notes, users may see a different set of replies to a note, for example, and be confused.

Another problem with the idea of publishing to multiple servers is that they may be run by all sorts of malicious people that may edit your notes. Since no one wants to see garbage published under their name, Nostr fixes that by requiring notes to have a cryptographic signature. This signature is attached to the note and verified by everybody at all times, which ensures the notes weren't tampered (if any part of the note is changed even by a single character that would cause the signature to become invalid and then the note would be dropped). The fix is perfect, except for the fact that it introduces the requirement that each user must now hold this 63-character code that starts with "nsec1", which they must not reveal to anyone. Although annoying, this requirement brings another benefit: that users can automatically have the same identity in many different contexts and even use their Nostr identity to login to non-Nostr websites easily without having to rely on any third-party.

To conclude: Nostr is like the internet (or the internet of some decades ago): a little chaotic, but very open. It is better than the internet because it is structured and actions can be automated, but, like in the internet itself, nothing is guaranteed to work at all times and users many have to do some manual work from time to time to fix things. Plus, there is the cryptographic key stuff, which is painful, but cool.

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

📊 Negli ultimi giorni, il Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) ha sperimentato un notevole deflusso di fondi, causato dalla sua recente conversione da fondo a ETF. In questo articolo, esamineremo le dinamiche di GBTC, analizzeremo le ragioni dietro il suo massiccio sell-off e valuteremo l'impatto potenziale su Bitcoin e sul mercato delle criptovalute nel complesso. 📊 Il Contesto di GBTC 📊 Il Grayscale Bitcoin Trust è un veicolo d'investimento regolamentato che consente agli investitori di ottenere esposizione ai movimenti di prezzo di Bitcoin senza possederne direttamente la criptovaluta. La sua recente conversione da fondo a ETF ha scatenato un significativo sell-off, con oltre $1,5 miliardi usciti dal fondo. 📊 Cause della Vendita di Massa 📊 Gli analisti di JPMorgan individuano diversi fattori alla base di questo sell-off. Una strategia chiave sembra essere il take profit adottato da alcuni investitori di GBTC, che chiudono posizioni per massimizzare i profitti. La struttura delle commissioni di GBTC, la più elevata tra i suoi omologhi, ha spinto alcuni investitori verso alternative con commissioni più basse, come l'iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) di BlackRock. 📊 Impatto su Bitcoin e il Mercato delle Criptovalute 📊 Il sell-off di GBTC ha avuto un impatto significativo su Bitcoin, con una diminuzione dell'11% dal lancio dell'ETF su BTC negli Stati Uniti. Gli analisti avvertono che un ulteriore deflusso da GBTC potrebbe ammontare a $5-10 miliardi, mettendo in discussione la sua liquidità. Il fondatore di Galaxy Digital, Mike Novogratz, rimane ottimista, suggerendo che gli investitori potrebbero spostarsi su altri ETF con commissioni più competitive. 📊 Riflessioni e Conclusioni 📊 Il recente sell-off di GBTC sottolinea la necessità di maggiore flessibilità e commissioni competitive nel mercato delle criptovalute. Sebbene la vendita di massa fosse in parte prevedibile, l'entità del deflusso di fondi e la forte pressione sui prezzi di Bitcoin evidenziano l'interconnessione tra veicoli d'investimento e il mercato generale. 📊 L'impatto inatteso del sell-off di GBTC ha stimolato il dibattito sulla necessità di adeguare le commissioni per allinearle agli standard del settore. Gli investitori stanno ora rivalutando le loro strategie, considerando alternative con commissioni più competitive. Il sell-off di GBTC rappresenta un'opportunità per gli investitori tradizionali di accedere più facilmente al mercato delle criptovalute. 📊 Leggi l'articolo completo su Bitget Academy - https://www.bitget.com/it/academy/causes-and-impacts-of-gbtc-sell-off per una visione approfondita delle dinamiche di mercato e ulteriori dettagli sull'analisi del sell-off di GBTC. 📊 Bitget 10% di sconto a vita 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK

@ 18e3af1e:1d42e5df

You don't own Bitcoin because you don't want to.

> In a world of an ever growing number go up; people that lives in countries like Venezuela, Argentina, Turkey; or any other country where dilution of money is the rule; It is hard to stack sats (buy Bitcoin) with ease... But sometimes you just gotta open up a little bit and let information flow in. That’s why you’re here. You are going to stack sats without buying it!

Caveats:

1. It’s not going to be FREE (nothing is) it will take you a couple minutes of your time and some will make you walk for it.

2. It won’t make you rich, but will add up and eventually who knows, you may have enough to be…

3. By the time of writing all this sites are up, if they don’t operate anymore or links are broken when you’re reading this… Don’t shoot me.

---

Walky Walk with sMiles sats for walk:

Pretty straight forward. Earn Sats for walking. You can also spin the wheel and use Fort Nakamoto for extra sats.

---

Bitcoin Lottery with LNscratch:

Also very self explanatory. Scratch a digital paper to get a chance to win sats when you get 4 check-marks in a straight line. I usually get 21 sats every time. You only need a Lightning wallet like GetAlby, Wallet of Satoshi (this are the most popular you can take a deeper look at it) and you are set.

---

Get paid for easy tasks sats4likes :

The tasks are usually: Follow, repost, coment, like and/or subscribe. That’s it. You get paid certain ammount of sats set by the owner of the task. The only downside is that you need a twitter account (bad bad, you should be using Nostr) to log in. But if you don’t care about that here it is.

---

Nostr:

The best way to stack so far, join the force and get zapped (sats) for any note (post) people find to have value. At the moment there is a whole ecosystem being built upon the protocol layer. All this clients (websites or apps built over Nostr) are going to be interoperable, meaning that with one keypair (account) will be possible to access them all.

The point is that Nostr uses Lightning Network (Bitcoin) as a form of transacting value, giving the value for value model a tremendous boost.

Imagine getting sats for posting a funny meme, or getting sats for writing an article (like this one), or for making songs and using stemstr, zapstr.live… The clients are as many as we want them to be, and can make anything we want them to make. Possibilities are endless.

Here is a intuitive and short introduction Hey Nostr

If you have any other forms of earning sats please let me know! I’ll add them to this article. Thanks for reading!

---

Get paid by sharing content Stacker.news:

It’s a great way to not only stack more sats but stack some knowledge and keep up with recent news about Bitcoin, Nostr, Finance, Tech, etc… Simply create an account with any of their methods, Although Lightning is recommended. Then deposit some sats if you have them already (10 sats are necessary to post or comment), then just watch your bag grow. The more interesting and well executed your link/discussion is the more sats you get.

---

Stack when you use your FIAT to buy things: The Bitcoin Company, Fold app , Lolli

I put all of the together because they’re essentially pretty similar. When you purchase a giftcard you get Satsback (instead of cashback), they work and don’t in different locations; so do your own research in that matter.

Fold is a more popular option (currently only working within the US) because they have a card you can use and get satsback even easier.

---

Get sats by listening or making Podcasts: Fountain.fm

If you’re a podcast lover you definitely need to check this one out! Just by listening you can earn sats. You can find podcasts that has this feature enabled, whatever topic it is (doesn’t need to be strictly about Bitcoin or Nostr or even Tech Related).

If you have or want to have a podcast, I recommend taking this option. You don’t need sponsors to make your podcast profitable. Boosts (like a sat donation) or Sat Streams (giving to you a certain amount of satoshis for each minute people hear your podcast) are a way to monetize. The better your content is, the more people will throw money at you (quite literal).

---

Use Lightning Faucets Like this one:

Simply follow the steps and redeem your sats.

If you live in a country where inflation is not stupid high (Like the US) consider a donating to the cause.

---

Read for sats Bitcoin Magazine App:

I wasn't sure to add this one but it does work if the only thing you want to do is stack and don't mind articles too much.

Just read articles all the way down (your fingers can do it faster than your eyes wink wink) and get sats for it! You can also reedem flashcodes from BM Twitter (yuck); they're very active with those codes!

Follow me Nostr: Lou@zap.stream 🤙🏼🤙🏼

Hosting "Permissionless Purple Podcast" (spanish) https://fountain.fm/show/XsscCx4P85iMpafjBZAB 🎧

@ 69a0a091:c968228d

There's no "right" way to run a relay, any relay operator is free to make their own decisions. I like nostr's simplicity and tendency to favor user independence and choice. I want to see nostr grow and remain reslient, so that's why I have been sharing tools to keep small relays running in tip-top shape.

The is the first part in a series. The follow up should explain the workings of our friend-of-friend trust model.

strfry is fast

bitcoiner.social is one of the oldest nostr relays. In the early days, it ran a reference relay implementation called Relayer. It crashed a lot, but a simple systemd restart policy kept it alive and mostly functional for the first year. Somewhere around November I switched it over to the rust-rs-relay, which was stable and used a simple sqlite backend. That lasted a matter of weeks before the usage rose enough to warrant changing back to a postgre backend with nostream. Nostr was growing fast!

By the outset of 2023, the relay was still being completely overwhelmed. Each request coming in would cause postgresql to gobble up compute cycles. Any amount of tuning on parameters was a futile effort. The demand was unsustainable and the best way to remedy the situation wasn't immediately clear.

Then, I think in early February, I saw a post from jb55 that he was trying a new relay written in C++ called strfry. A glance at github revealed that strfry was using a new kind of backend storage method called LMDB. The difference in compute effeciency was night and day: where SQL queries were maxing all server cores, our CPU charts showed that strfry sipped compute cycles. Even a small virtual machine could handle thousands of requests. It reminds me of switching from an old IIS or Apache webserver over to nginx. We continue to run strfry to this day. And most of my relay tooling tends to be focused around it.

ansible is simple

Last year I started an Ansible Role for installing strfry. It enabled me to commit the entire process of setting up the relay into a repository, ala Infrastructure as Code. This ensured that I'd be able to quickly restore the relay in the event of a catastrohpic loss. And I wouldn't forget how to set the thing up. Besides building strfry from source, it automates the basic setup steps needed to use an excellent plugin by Alex Gleason called strfry-policies. I also started an Ansible role for snort, a nostr web client.

Smart people will tell you that Ansible is far from being the best way to manage relay infrastructure, but it is plenty good enough to get the job done. I'd like to do a nix implementation at some point, when time permits. But it's a low priority so I'm hoping someone else will beat me to it.

One of my first projects when I was learning Ansible was setting up an observability stack. It's entirely necessary to monitor the availability of a nostr relay, and running my own monitoring stack has been one of my most useful preperations for being a relay admin. I haven't taken the time to put together a proper example, but all of my infra code is FOSS so you can see it in my stack playbook and host vars. I even proposed to do a whole talk on this at Tabconf 2023 (although I'm glad they turned me down).

If you're wanting to set up your own first observability stack, it might be easiest to start with a few containers (e.g. awesome-compose/prometheus-grafana).

rules are necessary

Spam and abuse is prevelant on nostr, so event ingestion and retention are two primary concerns for a relay operator.

ingest and digest

To address the firehose of notes coming in from the internet (ingestion) we use the strfry-policies plugin. The plugin allows the admin to define policy rules to prevent unwanted events from being ingested on the relay. So far I've added two policy types, one filters by event kind and another filters for the size of the event.

I'll document it more in a follow-up article, but I implemented policy exclusions for friends, and friends-of-friends (foaf). I recently published a simple cli tool for reading relay reports. Reviewing reports is necessary to deal with whatever comes through the cracks of our policies. The admin can use the reports to ban abusive accounts, and delete their content from the relay.

to retain, or not retain

To address data retention, I wrote a simple Deno Typescript tool to prune events. strfry itself has a brute delete function, but every relay will want to keep certain kinds of events longer than others (such as profiles or contact lists). I haven't published it anywhere yet, but it basically looks like this:

```typescript import { readLines } from 'https://deno.land/std@0.201.0/io/mod.ts';

const kindAgeLimitDefault = 90; const kindAgeLimits: Record = { 0: 365, // Profiles 3: 365, // Contacts 9735: 180, // Zap Receipts 24133: 365, // NWC 10002: 730, // NIP-65 };

const exportEventsStdin = async (): Promise => { if (Deno.isatty(Deno.stdin.rid)) { Deno.exit(1); } for await (const line of readLines(Deno.stdin)) { if (line.length === 0) { return; } exportLine(line); } };

const exportLine = (line: string): void => { const eventJson = JSON.parse(line); const created_at = new Date(eventJson.created_at * 1000); // convert seconds to ms const kindAgeLimit = (kindAgeLimits[eventJson.kind] || kindAgeLimitDefault) * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // convert days to ms const ageLimitDate = new Date(Date.now() - kindAgeLimit); if (created_at > ageLimitDate) { console.log(line); } };

await exportEventsStdin(); ```

The bitcoiner.social relay uses a modified version that takes into account a friend-of-a-friend model. We retain events from friends of our friends much longer than we keep the notes of total strangers. One side-effect of pruning events is that it reduces the compute load on the server. Having a policy like that can generally keep the relay at a sustainable level for long periods of time. I have a systemd timer (cronjob) that runs the policy on a regular schedule.

We run strfry compact every week to keep the database index orderly and effecient. These are the kind of optimizations that keep a small relay in a healthy state for the long-term.

@ 7488de5d:f556883b

As the digital financial landscape is evolving, Neutronpay’s proud to be among the pioneering companies that are "Lightning the way forward", offering faster and superior payment solutions. We're excited to announce that: Canadian and US businesses can now easily tap into Malaysia's market. Integrate with Neutronpay's API or use our web portal for fast, cost-effective financial solutions!

Revolutionising International Payments The challenges of cross-border payments have historically revolved around delays and exorbitant fees. But with Neutronpay’s Lightning infrastructure, that story is changing. We’re harnessing the Speed of Light to provide instant transactions, completely transforming the realm of international money transfers. No more prolonged waits, just instant transactions.

More Than Just Speed While our commitment to speed is unwavering, Neutronpay’s true distinction lies in our dedication to seamless, simple, and secure transactions. Our platform ensures businesses can execute cross-border payments with competitive fees, making international financial engagements simpler and more affordable.

Strengthening Trade Ties Malaysia has consistently emerged as a linchpin in Canada’s trade ecosystem within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The 17% surge in bilateral trade in 2022, amounting to $5.7 billion, stands as a testament to their vibrant relationship. With Neutronpay at the forefront as the gateway to SEA & Asia, the horizon for growth and collaboration looks promising.

Conclusion The Comprehensive Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement has further solidified the robust commercial exchanges between Malaysia and Canada. With Neutronpay's innovative approach to money transfers, North American businesses have a streamlined avenue to delve into the Malaysian market, reaping the advantages of faster, superior, and more cost efficient financial solutions.

Join the movement with us, as we continually strive to redefine global payments, embodying the essence of "Lightning the way forward" with top-tier Lightning Payments solutions.

@ c1a643cc:da9777eb

U2FsdGVkX19ZfmkYwLOwEM3fufb1hNjw5Z0uViA1Pm8EwkdJ/ALRD7hV43AT34jTM5GZQxBUjztdrYVje2KJK5ZrYwddQ96zLIuY1aXhfSHdG74EwLt/xeFTsfJl/n+3BiWTR7c+Yu71ilAcgSxURDqVFiGJ3hCo+V8zngoyWC5EL5s5iVSxvV4k46v28hHY05OT/p26/S61yQvZv3Ybh4UZ1olOr5ExCy/U4axlqg+4Pr99PfcZGWWuMsHefCQi

@ c1a643cc:da9777eb

Welcome to Tagayasu

This is the note editor, where you can create and edit your content.

To publish a note, make sure to enter a title below, then click Publish!

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

El BITCOIN es un método muy usado para paliar la crisis en los países donde la inflación es muy alta, tal es el caso de Argentina así como otros países de Centro y Sudamérica, en nuestro podcast abordaremos temas de mucha relevancia en cuanto a la utilización de este método, en la voz de nuestro invitado el Dr. Ricardo Mihura, presidente de la ONG Bitcoin Argentina con quien hablaremos nuevamente en Español.

El invitado de éste podcast, el Dr. Ricardo Mihura, experimentado en su profesión con más de 40 años de carrera, nos hablará acerca de esta ONG y de los objetivos que persigue, entre otros, instruir y capacitar a las personas para el correcto manejo de la criptomoneda, proporcionandoles métodos y estratégias para a futuro poder hacer del Bitcoin su principal fuente de ingresos.

Tabla De Contenidos

• Introducción

• ¿Cómo surge la ONG Bitcoin Argentina?

• ¿De qué trata la ONG y qué actividades organiza?

• ¿Existe una programación constante para las conferencias o es producto de un estudio de mercado para valorar que hace falta abordar?

• ¿Qué objetivos a mediano y largo plazo tiene la ONG?

• ¿Cómo será la adopción del BTC en Argentina?

• Conclusiones

• Preguntas Frecuentes

Introducción

La ONG Bitcoin Argentina, como una organización no gubernamental sin fines de lucro se encuentra en la búsqueda de capacitar a cada vez más personas en este complejo mundo del BITCOIN de manera gratuita, en este podcast conoceremos un poco más del funcionamiento y objetivos de esta organización en la voz de su presidente, el Abog. Ricardo Miura.

¿Cómo surge la ONG Bitcoin Argentina?

La ONG fue creada por 3 visionarios futuristas que han sido reconocidos en el medio de los bitcoin que son Diego Gutierrez Saldivar, Franco Amati y Rodolfo Andragnes, que hace 10 años comenzaron a planear el proyecto y se lanzaron a ejecutarlo. Miura entra en el equipo de trabajo en el 2016 ya estando el grupo bastante sólido y se desarrolló una comunidad armoniosa en la que comenzó a trabajar fuertemente en el proyecto.

¿De qué trata la ONG y qué actividades organiza?

La ONG Bitcoin Argentina, es una organización no gubernamental que busca capacitar y orientar a las personas que tienen la intención de incursionar en Bitcoin, con miras de hacer de esto su estilo de vida. Las actividades que abordamos en mayor medida son conferencias en la que se difunden, capacitan en relación al tema de bitcoin desde un onboarding básico hasta un curso de especialización para abogados. Nuestros eventos son sin ánimo de lucro por lo que son de entrada libre y sin publicidad si no abocada a lo que realmente es.

¿Existe una programación constante para las conferencias o es producto de un estudio de mercado para valorar que hace falta abordar?

Existe de todo, en nuestros planes de estudios tenemos hasta una diplomatura en derecho de cripto, es un programa anual en la que se abordan distintos temas, también tenemos alianzas con distintas instituciones educativas, por ejemplo, tenemos alianza con la universidad de Buenos Aires en la que contamos con una matrícula de miles de alumnos, lo que buscamos es que la UBA así como otras instituciones para lograr que despierten el interés de este tema.

¿Qué objetivos a mediano y largo plazo tiene la ONG?

Los objetivos serían en primera instancia ser percibida como una autoridad seria en la materia de Bitcoin a través del tiempo, en cuanto a los objetivos que queremos lograr pues, queremos que la sociedad logre una aceptación pacífica de bitcoin, y eso requiere de conocimientos, es por eso que trabajamos en ello, para que a largo plazo la sociedad sepa identificar las estafas de las no estafas, buscamos que no caigan en malos comentarios de personas mal intencionadas que quieren manchar el nombre de Bitcoin.

¿Cómo será la adopción del BTC en Argentina?

Trabajamos en lograr la aceptación total, aun falta mucho camino por recorrer, pero existen en Argentina las 2 caras de la moneda, el exchange que confía plenamente en la plataforma y se divierte con ello, como el escéptico que aun no confia, así que según Miuri, aún queda mucho trabajo por hacer en este sentido.

Conclusiones

La ONG tiene como objetivo principal capacitar y concientizar a la sociedad para el uso y manejo del bitcoin, con esto se busca cuidar el dinero de las personas si en alguna ocasión se presenta una situación similar al corralito donde los bancos regulan el manejo del dinero depositado e inclusive en algunos casos personas que perdieron su dinero.

Las regulaciones bancarias del uso de criptomonedas son bastante fuertes, por lo que es estrictamente necesario que la población tenga los conocimientos adecuados del uso y manejo de las criptomonedas, Miura piensa que el BITCOIN es el futuro de la economía minimalismo, es por esto que ellos están enfocados al 100% a capacitar a la poblacion.

Preguntas Frecuentes

¿Cualquier persona puede formar parte de la ONG? Para formar parte de la ONG los únicos factores relevantes son, tiempo y dinero, si se cuenta con esos 2 factores cualquier persona puede incursionar.

¿Cuál es el periodo de un presidente en la ONG? El periodo de un presidente es de 9 años, puede prolongarse por unos meses más o ser reelegido.

¿Cuál es el valor de una conferencia o curso de capacitación dictada por la ONG ? La inversión hasta la fecha es 0, todas nuestras conferencias y cursos son de entrada libre, la única inversión es lo que deben pagar para comprar el capital con el que van a trabajar.

Esto es todo por hoy, nos vemos mañana

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Subscribite a CROX ROAD, el newsletter diario solo sobre Bitcoin

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DESCARGO DE RESPONSABILIDAD: Nada de esto es un consejo financiero. Este boletín es estrictamente educativo y no es un consejo de inversión ni una solicitud para comprar o vender activos ni para tomar decisiones financieras. Tenga cuidado y haga su propia investigación.

@ 3647c6df:10d67610

Velocity of money refers to how much monetary energy can be harnessed as money flows. It is often wrongly interpreted as simply how fast or how often money moves from one place to another, but the actual benefit of velocity of money is in the work it does on the way from one place to another. How many jobs can it perform and how many productive activities can it sustain along the way?

It is analogous to a mountain lake where a vast amount of water is contained but unproductive. By building a trench to move some of that water to a small garden "productivity" is increased, and the velocity of the water is increased. A water wheel or turbine could be placed in the stream to spin a mill or generate electricity, increasing the velocity of the water and maximizing its productive use. Other energy sources can be combined with the water to create additional forms of energy that can drive increasing innovation. Such as heat for steam power or the cool water can be run through a house for cooling and washing prior to is use as irrigation. Without these systems, the energy and usefulness of the waters "velocity" is simply wasted and never recovered. The possibilities are only limited by the tools used to harvest the potential energy, The distance over which the water travels and imagination. It is not the movement alone of the water that is desired but the effects of the movement that offer endless possibilities, the flow is a means.

Similar to how water nourishes the physical landscape and stores energy to generate work, money nourishes the economic landscape and stores energy to generate work. Money is a natural part of economic landscapes which arise anytime trade needs to be facilitated. The brilliant cult classic film "Idiocracy" serves as an interesting counter-analogy for this concept. In the film, a society has become convinced that using a colored high-sugar sports drink (Brawndo) on crops is "What plants crave". However, the protagonist suggests trying water instead, and the society is saved.

The point of the Brawndo storyline seems to be a commentary on special interests, the sports drink manufacturers. Being able to seize control of the narrative and create artificial demand for their product in a context where it was actually harmful to the ecosystem. Isn't the same true with fiat currency? It has no historical use, attributes of good money, or spontaneous emergence. It is simply decreed by those in power. "Fiat, it’s what economies crave."

Many have become convinced that a proprietary patented, yellow #5, high fructose corn syrup money equivalent is what we need to grow our economies. The problem is that our ability to create monetary velocity is stifled by using a proprietary system because our use of it is limited by the owners of it. ("Sorry, Brawndo is not permitted to pass through a turbine. You need a license for that.")

When the forms of money needed to expand our economies physical and digital have emerged spontaneously and without decree, we just need to figure out how to use them. We can do this by not simply building a stack but stacking functions. Creating the tools and systems that can allow us to capture the energy as the money moves. In the digital realm bitcoin has emerged as the base layer of money, the stored energy, the actual water. Channels (lightning) have now been constructed to efficiently move bitcoin in large volumes for lower cost between pools. We seem to be at the water wheel invention phase where ecash mints of various types will be able to tap into channels and generate new forms of economic energy.

A quite interesting case study of stacking monetary functions and attaining high monetary velocity is in various forms of traditional life insurance contracts. Each monetary unit that is placed in the contract performs the following functions simultaneously: preservation of life value/life insurance, savings/retirement funds and collateral assets. The funds locked into the contract grow but can also be borrowed against. Instead of canceling the contract and taking the cash and missing out on future growth (interrupting the compounding growth), the owner can borrow against the cash value for personal investment, business ventures, paying off high-interest debt, etc., for any reason really and all contractually guaranteed. These contracts predate the fiat monetary system and worked on gold and silver standards in the past.

The insurance companies that are the longest lived and most financially sound operate as Mutual companies meaning the policy/contract holders are the shareholders; there are no third parties that have ownership in the assets of the mutual insurance company. Some are nearly 200 years old, which rivals the oldest banks in the world. Even today these contracts are quite attractive in terms of control over funds and the yields aren't bad in fiat terms.

The problem is that in order to keep up with inflation people have to take more risk and give up more financial sovereignty to chase yields. We can see that using this pre-fiat financial instrument, each monetary unit can accomplish 3 “jobs” at the same time: generate insurance, save for retirement, obtain a collateralized loan. This is only one example of using and harnessing monetary velocity. What we really need to do is break free from the fiat mindset that tells us there's only one way to go about solving financial problems and start thinking creatively about how to move money to places where it is most needed and likely to generate a return.

In relation to Bitcoin, when I first heard about Fedimints, my mind went straight to the mutual insurance company structure. A group of known and vested guardians is entrusted to provide specific contractually guaranteed benefits. Who wouldn't want a bitcoin service that would allow anyone to generate an uninterrupted compounding yield on bitcoin, allow borrowing against it at a competitive market rate, and pay out a large settlement to heirs in the event of death – all denominated in bitcoin. Without ever giving up full custody of the asset.

Underlying funds would all be on-chain, investments would be in lightning liquidity and infrastructure. Loans would be given to policy owners via ecash or lightning depending on the use case. Or something completely different. It's almost impossible to see how something like this would actually work until it is tried and iterated. Innovation always comes with unforeseen problems and eucatastrophes. The possibilities that will be made available in the years to come are exciting but will require an immense investment of time and energy, the pay off is escaping from the Idiocracy.

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

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@ c8df6ae8:22293a06

"Each proposal must be weighed in the light of a broader consideration: the need to maintain balance in and among national programs, balance between the private and the public economy, balance between the cost and hoped for advantages, balance between the clearly necessary and the comfortably desirable, balance between our essential requirements as a nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual, balance between actions of the moment and the national welfare of the future."

— President Eisenhower

63 years ago, President Eisenhower, gave a stern warning to the nation on his farewell address. He specifically identified two threats to the American society: - We must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. - Public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite.

Every American should listen to Eisenhower's warning words. Every school should teach its students this address. But they don't.

The nation didn't listen and his fears have fully materialized. The military-industrial complex owns the Federal budget and the food, healthcare, and pharmaceutical industries control the regulatory agencies for their benefit.

---

The speech

Good evening, my fellow Americans.

First, I should like to express my gratitude to the radio and television networks for the opportunities they have given me over the years to bring reports and messages to our nation. My special thanks go to them for the opportunity of addressing you this evening.

Three days from now, after half century in the service of our country, I shall lay down the responsibilities of office as, in traditional and solemn ceremony, the authority of the Presidency is vested in my successor. This evening, I come to you with a message of leave-taking and farewell, and to share a few final thoughts with you, my countrymen.

Like every other -- Like every other citizen, I wish the new President, and all who will labor with him, Godspeed. I pray that the coming years will be blessed with peace and prosperity for all.

Our people expect their President and the Congress to find essential agreement on issues of great moment, the wise resolution of which will better shape the future of the nation. My own relations with the Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis when, long ago, a member of the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the intimate during the war and immediate post-war period, and finally to the mutually interdependent during these past eight years. In this final relationship, the Congress and the Administration have, on most vital issues, cooperated well, to serve the nation good, rather than mere partisanship, and so have assured that the business of the nation should go forward. So, my official relationship with the Congress ends in a feeling -- on my part -- of gratitude that we have been able to do so much together.

We now stand ten years past the midpoint of a century that has witnessed four major wars among great nations. Three of these involved our own country. Despite these holocausts, America is today the strongest, the most influential, and most productive nation in the world. Understandably proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that America's leadership and prestige depend, not merely upon our unmatched material progress, riches, and military strength, but on how we use our power in the interests of world peace and human betterment.

Throughout America's adventure in free government, our basic purposes have been to keep the peace, to foster progress in human achievement, and to enhance liberty, dignity, and integrity among peoples and among nations. To strive for less would be unworthy of a free and religious people. Any failure traceable to arrogance, or our lack of comprehension, or readiness to sacrifice would inflict upon us grievous hurt, both at home and abroad.

Progress toward these noble goals is persistently threatened by the conflict now engulfing the world. It commands our whole attention, absorbs our very beings. We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and insidious in method. Unhappily, the danger it poses promises to be of indefinite duration. To meet it successfully, there is called for, not so much the emotional and transitory sacrifices of crisis, but rather those which enable us to carry forward steadily, surely, and without complaint the burdens of a prolonged and complex struggle with liberty the stake. Only thus shall we remain, despite every provocation, on our charted course toward permanent peace and human betterment.

Crises there will continue to be. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic, great or small, there is a recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could become the miraculous solution to all current difficulties: a huge increase in newer elements of our defenses; development of unrealistic programs to cure every ill in agriculture; a dramatic expansion in basic and applied research. These and many other possibilities, each possibly promising in itself, may be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to travel.

But each proposal must be weighed in the light of a broader consideration: the need to maintain balance in and among national programs, balance between the private and the public economy, balance between the cost and hoped for advantages, balance between the clearly necessary and the comfortably desirable, balance between our essential requirements as a nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual, balance between actions of the moment and the national welfare of the future. Good judgment seeks balance and progress. Lack of it eventually finds imbalance and frustration. The record of many decades stands as proof that our people and their Government have, in the main, understood these truths and have responded to them well, in the face of threat and stress.

But threats, new in kind or degree, constantly arise. Of these, I mention two only.

A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. Our military organization today bears little relation to that known of any of my predecessors in peacetime, or, indeed, by the fighting men of World War II or Korea.

Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense. We have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security alone more than the net income of all United States corporations.

Now this conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence -- economic, political, even spiritual -- is felt in every city, every Statehouse, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet, we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources, and livelihood are all involved. So is the very structure of our society.

In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.

Akin to, and largely responsible for the sweeping changes in our industrial-military posture, has been the technological revolution during recent decades. In this revolution, research has become central; it also becomes more formalized, complex, and costly. A steadily increasing share is conducted for, by, or at the direction of, the Federal government.

Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers. The prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present -- and is gravely to be regarded.

Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite.

It is the task of statesmanship to mold, to balance, and to integrate these and other forces, new and old, within the principles of our democratic system -- ever aiming toward the supreme goals of our free society.

Another factor in maintaining balance involves the element of time. As we peer into society's future, we -- you and I, and our government -- must avoid the impulse to live only for today, plundering for our own ease and convenience the precious resources of tomorrow. We cannot mortgage the material assets of our grandchildren without risking the loss also of their political and spiritual heritage. We want democracy to survive for all generations to come, not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow.

During the long lane of the history yet to be written, America knows that this world of ours, ever growing smaller, must avoid becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate, and be, instead, a proud confederation of mutual trust and respect. Such a confederation must be one of equals. The weakest must come to the conference table with the same confidence as do we, protected as we are by our moral, economic, and military strength. That table, though scarred by many past frustrations -- past frustrations, cannot be abandoned for the certain agony of disarmament -- of the battlefield.

Disarmament, with mutual honor and confidence, is a continuing imperative. Together we must learn how to compose differences, not with arms, but with intellect and decent purpose. Because this need is so sharp and apparent, I confess that I lay down my official responsibilities in this field with a definite sense of disappointment. As one who has witnessed the horror and the lingering sadness of war, as one who knows that another war could utterly destroy this civilization which has been so slowly and painfully built over thousands of years, I wish I could say tonight that a lasting peace is in sight.

Happily, I can say that war has been avoided. Steady progress toward our ultimate goal has been made. But so much remains to be done. As a private citizen, I shall never cease to do what little I can to help the world advance along that road.

So, in this, my last good night to you as your President, I thank you for the many opportunities you have given me for public service in war and in peace. I trust in that -- in that -- in that service you find some things worthy. As for the rest of it, I know you will find ways to improve performance in the future.

You and I, my fellow citizens, need to be strong in our faith that all nations, under God, will reach the goal of peace with justice. May we be ever unswerving in devotion to principle, confident but humble with power, diligent in pursuit of the Nations' great goals.

To all the peoples of the world, I once more give expression to America's prayerful and continuing aspiration: We pray that peoples of all faiths, all races, all nations, may have their great human needs satisfied; that those now denied opportunity shall come to enjoy it to the full; that all who yearn for freedom may experience its few spiritual blessings. Those who have freedom will understand, also, its heavy responsibility; that all who are insensitive to the needs of others will learn charity; and that the sources -- scourges of poverty, disease, and ignorance will be made to disappear from the earth; and that in the goodness of time, all peoples will come to live together in a peace guaranteed by the binding force of mutual respect and love.

Now, on Friday noon, I am to become a private citizen. I am proud to do so. I look forward to it.

Thank you, and good night.

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Notable notes

nostr:note1rv8es4utkz9l7ql0q6kye6ug8c4kcf23rwyagxz6j2w2gm7kdgasqa72th

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@ 2863f394:275ed58d

The factors influencing the promotion of proficient employees are multifaceted and vary across organizations. In engineering, for example, a typical structure might include roles like Engineer I, II, III, and Senior Engineer. Initial promotions in such a structure are relatively attainable, but ascending to higher levels becomes increasingly challenging. Even in companies with a separate technical track, such as Google or IBM, the hierarchical pyramid becomes narrower at the top.

In smaller companies, promotion opportunities are often contingent on the availability of vacancies. Regardless of an employee's competence and the company's desire to promote them, the lack of available positions can create a metaphorical "glass ceiling" for all employees. Although larger companies might have more frequent openings, this issue can still be prevalent.

A significant consideration is the need to fill the vacated role when an employee is promoted. Some employees are so skilled in their positions that finding a suitable replacement can be a daunting task. Ironically, these highly effective employees might be contributing more value to the organization than their managers, yet they receive less compensation and recognition.

It's important to recognize that management roles differ significantly from the roles of those they manage. For instance, front-line supervisors need strong interpersonal skills to handle worker interactions, conflict resolution, and problem-solving. Middle managers require organizational skills for scheduling and coordination, while upper management must focus on strategic thinking and long-term planning. Excelling in one role does not necessarily translate to proficiency in another, a concept highlighted by the Peter Principle.

Nevertheless, good organizations understand that expertise in a specific task, such as welding, does not automatically qualify an individual for managing others in that field.

Beyond these factors, there are additional reasons why more qualified employees might be overlooked in favor of their colleagues:

• Office politics play a significant role, where individuals who excel in taking credit for others' work or navigating the corporate hierarchy often advance quicker.
• Some employees are promoted for being perceived as "safe" choices – less likely to challenge the status quo or propose innovative ideas that might overshadow their superiors.
• Promotions influenced by Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidelines are particularly common in government sectors.
• Being in the "right place at the right time" can also be a decisive factor.

Conversely, there are instances where employees express dissatisfaction with the lack of advancement opportunities despite doing nothing beyond basic job requirements and maintaining punctuality.

In summary, the dynamics of employee promotion are complex and influenced by a variety of organizational, personal, and situational factors.

@ 2863f394:275ed58d

I setup a node or two...spent $400 each for incoming and outgoing and now I can't receive payments anymore. I basically lost $800 on this garbage.

@ f866d5b1:c526b32f

ทุกสิ่งในโลกล้วนมีทั้งด้านความต้องการบริโภค (อุปสงค์) และด้านความต้องการผลิต (อุปทาน) อยู่เสมอ การแก้ปัญหาที่ต้องการให้เลิกบริโภคอย่างยั่งยืนต้องไปแก้ที่ต้นเหตุ นั่นคือ ต้องลดความต้องการบริโภคสินค้าลงให้ได้ ไม่ใช่การขยันออกกฎหมายมาห้ามนู้นนี่นั่นไปเรื่อยเปื่อย

หากเราขยันออกกฎหมายมาห้าม ก็ต้องมีการบังคับใช้กฎหมายอย่างเข้มงวดทุกกรณี เช่น การห้ามเด็กอายุต่ำกว่า 20 ปี ซื้อเครื่องดื่มที่มีแอลกอฮอล์ ก็ต้องทำให้เข้มงวด รัดกุม ไม่ใช่ปล่อยให้มีร้านขายของชำบางร้าน แอบขายให้เด็กที่อายุต่ำกว่า 20 ปี เป็นต้น 
 การแก้ปัญหาความต้องการบริโภคสินค้าเสพติดแบบยั่งยืนต้องแก้ที่ด้านอุปสงค์ ซึ่งเครื่องมือของรัฐที่มีไว้ใช้ในการลดจำนวนนักดื่มคือ การให้ความรู้ หรือ การเก็บภาษี ซึ่งมาตรการให้ความรู้ที่ถูกต้องมันยุ่งยากและใช้เวลาในการดำเนินนโยบายมากกว่ามาตรการเก็บภาษี



หากจะใช้มาตรการเก็บภาษีเพื่อแก้ปัญหาที่มาจากด้านอุปสงค์ ก็ต้องเก็บภาษีแบบเซอร์ไพร์ส คือประกาศขึ้นอัตราภาษีเหล้าเบียร์แบบสูงลิบลิ่วและไม่ทันได้ตั้งตัว ซึ่งอย่างเหล้าเบียร์เนี่ย มันเป็นสินค้าทดแทนได้ยาก เพราะมันเป็นเครื่องดื่มที่เสพแล้วติด จึงต้องเก็บภาษีให้สูงมาก ๆ เพื่อลดจำนวนนักดื่มลงมา


หรือไม่รัฐบาลก็ต้องให้ความรู้ความเข้าใจที่ถูกต้องถึงผลเสียที่ตามมาจากการดื่มเหล้าเบียร์ที่มากเกินไป หรือหาสินค้าทดแทนอื่น ๆ ที่สร้างความมึนเมา และสนุกสนานในวงสนทนา ที่ส่งผลเสียต่อสุขภาพน้อยกว่า มาให้ประชาชนได้บริโภคแทนเหล้าเบียร์ นั่นเอง

มิเช่นนั้น มาตรการภาษีที่ใช้ไป ก็เป็นแค่เพียงเครื่องมือในการสร้างรายได้ให้ภาครัฐเอาไปถลุงในเรื่องต่าง ๆ ที่อาจไม่เกิดประโยชน์แท้จริงต่อส่วนรวม ไม่ได้ทำให้ปัญหาที่เกิดจากการดื่มเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์มากเกินไป หายไปจากสังคมนั้นอย่างถาวร

@ f866d5b1:c526b32f

เมื่อมีข่าวพูดถึงอัตราเงินเฟ้อผู้อ่านหลายท่านคงได้ยินคำว่า”ค่าดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภค” หรือ “Consumer Price Index (CPI)” กันบ่อยๆ ทว่าค่าดัชนี CPI ไม่ใช่ตัวบ่งชี้ระดับอัตราเงินเฟ้อที่ดีนัก เพราะว่าวิธีคิดค่าดัชนี CPI นั้นมาจากมูลค่าของกลุ่มสินค้าในตะกร้าสินค้าของปีปัจจุบันเทียบกับมูลค่าของกลุ่มสินค้าในตะกร้าสินค้าของปีฐาน (สมการคณิตศาสตร์เป็นดังนี้ P1X1/P0X0)

ซึ่งชนิดของสินค้าในตะกร้านั้นไม่ใช่สินค้าชนิดเดียวกัน (หากเราดูตามสัญลักษณ์ทางคณิตศาสตร์ ในปีฐานกลุ่มสินค้าเป็นกลุ่ม X0 ส่วนปีปัจจุบันกลุ่มสินค้าเป็นกลุ่ม X1) เนื่องจากสินค้าบางอย่างที่มีในปีฐานนั้นไม่มีการวางขายในปีปัจจุบัน หรือสินค้าชนิดนั้นเคยเป็นสินค้าจำเป็นในปีฐานแต่ไม่มีความจำเป็นต้องใช้ในปีปัจจุบัน

ถ้าไม่ใช้ CPI แล้วควรใช้ตัวบ่งชี้อะไร เพื่อวัดอัตราเงินเฟ้อ

จากแนวคิดของเงินเฟ้อคือสินค้าที่เราใช้อยู่ในปัจจุบันมีราคาสูงขึ้นจากเมื่อครั้งอดีตเป็นจำนวนเท่าไร การวัดอัตราเงินเฟ้อจากกลุ่มสินค้าที่ต่างกันโดยค่าดัชนีอัตราเงินเฟ้อแบบ CPI จึงไม่ถูกต้อง ดังนั้นเราต้องใช้กลุ่มสินค้าเดิมเพื่อเปรียบเทียบราคาปัจจุบันกับราคาปีฐาน (P1X1/P0X1) ซึ่งหลักการนี้ใช้ในการคิดค่า GDP Deflator

ข้อเสียอันใหญ่หลวงของ GDP Deflator

ทว่าการหาค่าดัชนีเงินเฟ้อตามหลัก GDP Deflator นั้นทำได้ยาก เพราะสินค้าในปัจจุบันบางชนิดเมื่อสมัยปีฐานนั้นยังไม่มีการผลิตเกิดขึ้น เช่น ปัจจุบันเราใช้ Tablet อย่าง iPad / Galaxy tab แต่เมื่อสมัยก่อนเรามีแค่คอมพิวเตอร์ตั้งโต๊ะ (PC) ซึ่งการเปรียบเทียบราคาทำได้ลำบากเพราะเป็นสินค้าคนละอย่างกัน ด้วยเหตุนี้เราจึงนิยมรายงานอัตราเงินเฟ้อด้วยค่าดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภค CPI เพราะหาค่าได้ง่ายโดยวิธีการสำรวจราคาสินค้าในตลาด

ถ้าไม่ใช้ CPI มีตัวบ่งชี้อื่น ๆ ที่ใช้งานง่ายกว่า GDP Deflator ไหม

แต่เรายังมีค่าดัชนีอีกตัวคือ ดัชนีราคาผู้ผลิต Producer Price Index (PPI) ซึ่งดัชนีตัวนี้จะรวบรวมมูลค่าของกลุ่มปัจจัยการผลิตที่ผู้ผลิตจำเป็นต้องใช้ในการผลิตของปีปัจจุบันเทียบกับมูลค่าของกลุ่มปัจจัยการผลิตของปีฐาน ด้วยเหตุที่ปัจจัยการผลิตของสินค้าไม่ค่อยมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงจากอดีตมากนัก จึงเหมาะที่จะใช้ค่าดัชนีราคาผู้ผลิต PPI บ่งชี้อัตราเงินเฟ้อมากกว่าค่าดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภค CPI เพราะค่า PPI มีความเที่ยงตรงมากกว่าค่า CPI อีกทั้งยังหาค่าได้ง่ายเหมือนกับค่า CPI

แล้วถ้าอยากใช้ CPI ต่อไป ควรทำอย่างไรดี

อย่างไรก็ตามหากเราต้องการใช้ค่า CPI ในการวัดเงินเฟ้อ เราควรรายงานเป็นแบบแยกค่า CPI แต่ละประเภทของกลุ่มสินค้าต่างๆ เช่น หมวดอาหาร หมวดของใช้ในชีวิตประจำวัน หมวดการเดินทาง ซึ่งการใช้แนวคิดแบบนี้จะดีกว่าการใช้ค่า CPI แบบดั้งเดิมที่รวมสินค้าหลาย ๆ หมวดมาไว้ในตะกร้าใบเดียว

@ f866d5b1:c526b32f

เวลาอ่านคำทำนายตามคอลัมภ์ต่าง ๆ ในเว็บไซต์ หรือนิตยสาร/ หนังสือพิมพ์ หรือดูไลฟ์สดในสตรีมมิงเจ้าต่าง ๆ เราจะยึดหลักลัคนา หรือราศี ในการฟังคำทำนายจากการดูดวงครั้งนั้น

ลัคนา กับ ราศี ใช้หลักไหน แม่นกว่ากัน?

จริง ๆ แล้ว หากเราอ่านคำทำนายถูกต้องตามลัคนา หรือ ราศีเกิด ของตัวเอง และหมอดูใช้หลักลัคนา หรือราศีในการตอบคำทำนายนั้น เราจะอ่านคำทำนายด้วยหลักอะไร การดูดวงในครั้งนั้นก็แม่นแน่นอน หากหมอดูไม่ได้แปลความหมายผิดจากการทำนายด้วยดวงดาว, ไพ่, หรือศาสตร์อื่น ๆ

เช่น หมอดู ใช้หลักลัคนาในการทำนาย เราจะใช้ราศีเกิดมาอ่านคำนายไม่ได้ เพราะบางคนมีลัคนาและราศีเกิดไม่ตรงกัน อย่าง SunnyMoo ก็มีลัคนาและราศีเกิดไม่ตรงกัน

อีกทั้งต้องทราบว่าหมอดูท่านนั้น ใช้หลักโหราศาสตร์รูปแบบใด เพราะแม้จะใช้การวางตำแหน่งดวงดาวเหมือนกัน แต่หากใช้สำนักที่ต่างกัน ดวงดาวที่สถิตในชะตาของแต่ละคนก็ต่างกัน ซึ่ง SunnyMoo ก็มีลัคนาและราศีเกิด ที่ต่างกันเมื่อผูกดวงชะตาด้วยหลักโหราศาสตร์ที่ต่างกัน

ลัคนา กับ ราศี ต่างกันอย่างไร?

ราศี คือ เมื่อเวลาที่เราเกิด พระอาทิตย์สถิตประจำ ณ ราศีใด ซึ่งใน 1 ปี มี 12 ราศี และการแบ่งช่วงวันที่เพื่อระบุราศี ก็มี 2 แบบ

1) โหราศาสตร์ไทย ที่ใช้ช่วงวันตามตำแหน่งดาวจริงบนฟ้า ซึ่งวันเริ่มต้นราศีจะเริ่มช่วงวันที่ 13-15 ของแต่ละเดือน 2) โหราศาสตร์สากล ที่ใช้ช่วงวันตามการแบ่งฤดูกาล ซึ่งวันเริ่มต้นราศีจะเริ่มช่วงวันที่ 21-23 ของแต่ละเดือน

ลัคนา คือ เมื่อเวลาที่เราเกิด วันนั้นเวลาที่พระอาทิตย์ขึ้น สถิตประจำ ณ ราศีใด ซึ่งตำแหน่งของพระอาทิตย์ขึ้น ก็จะแตกต่างกันไปตามสถานที่เกิด และปฏิทินดาวที่หมอดูแต่ละสำนักใช้ในการทำนาย

หากหมอดูทำนายด้วยไพ่ อ่านคำทนายด้วย ลัคนา หรือ ราศี?

หากหมอดูท่านใดใช้ไพ่ชนิดต่าง ๆ ในการทำนาย ไม่ว่าจะเป็นไพ่ทาโรต์(ไพ่ยิปซี) ไพ่รูนส์ ไพ่ออราเคิล ไพ่เลอเนอมองด์ ไพ่ป๊อก ฯลฯ การอ่านคำทำนายของการดูดวงนั้นต้องทราบว่า หมอดู กำหนดว่าหยิบไพ่มาทำนายคนที่เกิดในราศี หรือ ลัคนาใด

เพราะการดูดวงด้วยไพ่ชนิดต่าง ๆ เป็นการใช้จิตของหมอดูเพื่อเชื่อมกับไพ่ แล้วแปลความหมายไพ่ที่หยิบได้ออกมา หากหมอดูตั้งจิตอธิษฐานตอนหยิบไพ่เพื่อขอคำทำนายของคนเกิดลัคนาต่าง ๆ ดังนั้นเราต้องยึดหลักลัคนาในการอ่านคำทำนายของหมอดูท่านนั้น

ช่วงโฆษณา

สนใจดูดวงด้วยไพ่ทาโรต์/ ไพ่ออราเคิล/ หรือลูกเต๋าออราเคิล สามารถติดต่อ SunnyMoo Horo ได้ทาง Nostr: sunnymoo@nostrplebs.com Facebook: https://facebook.com/sunnymoohoro

ค่าบริการดูดวง แบบจัดเต็ม

ครั้งละ 30 นาที ราคา 489 บาท เริ่มต้นด้วยการดูพื้นดวงของเจ้าชะตา จากนั้นสามารถถามคำถามที่ต้องการทราบเพิ่มเติมได้ตามต้องการจนครบเวลาที่กำหนด

ค่าบริการดูดวง แบบ Minimal

หากต้องการทราบคำแนะนำของปัญหาต่าง ๆ ที่คาใจ แบบรายคำถาม ราคาคำถามละ 55 บาท

@ f3df9bc0:a95119eb

hello

[[foo]]

This is inline katex: $c = \pm\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$

This is block level katex:

$$ c = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2} $$

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

What Is Cryptocurrency Arbitrage?

Arbitrage in cryptocurrency refers to the practice of investors purchasing a cryptocurrency on one exchange and then immediately selling it on another exchange at a better price. This practice is known as "cryptocurrency arbitrage."

Cryptocurrencies are traded on hundreds of different exchanges, and the price of a currency or token may vary from one exchange to another depending on the specific market conditions. Arbitrage is a tactic that may be used in this situation: In the same way that arbitrage may be used to make potential profits in the capital markets, crypto arbitrage is a legal way to make money when an asset is selling for a lower price in one market and a higher price in another market.

Having said that, cryptocurrency arbitrage is not without its potential dangers. The concept of crypto arbitrage and the trading techniques that take advantage of it are broken down and examined in further detail below.

Why Are Crypto Prices Difference Across Exchanges?

The cryptocurrency markets are not regulated, and cryptocurrencies themselves are decentralized. This means that, with the exception of stablecoins, cryptocurrencies are not tied to the value of any government currency or fiat currency, such as the dollar. Because there is no one standard price for every coin or token, the values of the many cryptocurrencies might fluctuate substantially from one another. This is one of the key causes of this phenomenon.

In this vein, some cryptocurrency exchanges are much larger than others, as measured by the number of trades they do. As a result, supply and demand on one exchange can be quite different from those on another, which might have an impact on the price.

Last but not least, the costs of trading cryptocurrencies can be very different and add to the price of your transactions as a whole.

What Types of Arbitrage Exist?

The practice of crypto arbitrage may be carried out by investors in a variety of different ways, depending on the cryptocurrency they choose to trade.

Spatial Arbitrage

The trading of virtual currencies across two distinct exchange platforms is what is meant by the term "spatial arbitrage." Spatial arbitrage could make it easier to do crypto arbitrage.

Even though geographical arbitrage is a simple strategy that can make money from price differences, it puts traders at risk by making them deal with things like longer transfer times and more costs.

Spatial Arbitrage Without Transferring

Some traders make an effort to steer clear of the potential hazards that spatial arbitrage presents regarding the costs and timings of transfer. For instance, in a made-up scenario, they may buy Bitcoin on one exchange, sell it on another, and then wait until the prices on both exchanges coincide before making any more moves.

Because of this, they are able to steer clear of the hassle of moving currencies and tokens from one platform to another. However, there is a possibility that trading costs will still apply.

Triangular Arbitrage

The triangular arbitrage strategy is one that takes advantage of price inefficiencies on an exchange by trading between three separate pairs of cryptocurrencies. An investor begins with one cryptocurrency and then trades it on the same exchange for another cryptocurrency that is undervalued in comparison to the first cryptocurrency they had. This is one way to profit from investing in cryptocurrencies.

The investor would then make a deal in which the second cryptocurrency would be exchanged for a third cryptocurrency that has a considerably higher price than the first cryptocurrency. In the last step of the process, the investor would swap the third cryptocurrency for the first coin, thus completing the circuit and perhaps improving their financial position.

How to Take Advantage of Crypto Arbitrage Algorithmically

At first glance, it might seem like all you need to do to make money with cryptocurrency arbitrage is look for price differences between different exchanges, make the necessary trades, and keep the difference as profit.

In 2017, there was a moment that became famous when the price of Bitcoin on Kraken was $17,212, while the price of Bitcoin on Bitstamp was just $16,979, which presented a chance for arbitrage. In this case, an investor could make a profit of $233 per Bitcoin by buying the cryptocurrency on Bitstamp and then selling it right away on Kraken.

Even if spreads don't usually look like the one seen above, there are instances when alternative, less well-known kinds of cryptocurrency might produce gaps that are even greater. Arbitrage possibilities may arise at any moment for those who invest in cryptocurrency due to the fact that the values of cryptocurrencies might fluctuate from one cryptocurrency exchange to another. There are thousands of cryptocurrencies trading on hundreds of cryptocurrency exchanges.

There are a number of applications available for download by investors, each of which monitors the price of Bitcoin as well as the price of other cryptocurrencies in order to identify potential arbitrage possibilities. Investors are able to take advantage of algorithms that automatically search for arbitrage opportunities across many cryptocurrency exchanges in this manner. Using an automated strategy like this one, crypto-arbitrage traders may be able to profit on a variety of price differences.

How to Find Crypto Arbitrage

When it comes to arbitrage, not all cryptocurrencies and digital assets are created alike, and there are many different approaches to locating chances for arbitrage.

Method 1: New Software

Finding opportunities in the cryptocurrency market may be difficult since many different cryptocurrencies are trading on so many exchanges. Because of this, a significant number of traders make use of software apps that monitor the real-time activity of hundreds of cryptocurrency exchanges.

There is now a rise in the number of businesses specializing in the development of software to automate crypto arbitrage. Certain businesses provide investors with technology that enables them to choose an automatic arbitrage plan and then carry it out across several exchanges.

Method 2: Less Popular Cryptocurrencies

Investors may discover more favorable price spreads for the same digital assets represented by cryptocurrencies by purchasing less popular and less frequently traded kinds of crypto.

However, due to the fact that these cryptocurrencies are not as widely used, their prices are susceptible to erratic swings. This volatility can be seen as a good thing or a bad thing, but it does add a level of risk to an arbitrage strategy.

What Are the Dangers of Crypto Arbitrage?

Arbitrage in every form carries with it the chance for loss, and crypto arbitrage is no exception.

Losses

For crypto arbitrage to work, investors need to make transactions quickly to take advantage of bitcoin price differences on different exchanges while they are still profitable.

When trading the least-traded types of cryptocurrency with the biggest spreads, a trader must be careful not to make the price of a digital asset more expensive to buy or sell because of their own trades.

Volume

The pricing of cryptocurrency on each exchange is determined by the price at which it was last traded on that particular platform. However, it is essential to keep in mind that not all transactions are made equally. While some have very high trading volumes, others don't see as much action.

The volume of trades conducted on each exchange has an impact on the exchange's liquidity as well as the prices that are currently being offered.

Because of the low traffic, the exchange may not be able to complete a substantial transaction to provide the investor with the anticipated return on investment. Low volume could also mean that the trade is possible, but it will take too long to take advantage of the price chance if it does happen.

Transaction Costs

Concurrently, investors in cryptocurrencies should close check on the transaction costs associated with the purchase of bitcoin on various trading platforms. The costs of using bitcoin exchanges are still very different, and they depend on how the cryptocurrency markets are doing.

Fraud, Hacks

Before making any cryptocurrency investments, one of the most important things to understand is that cryptocurrencies are, for the most part, unregulated.

As a direct consequence of this, trading cryptocurrency exposes investors to a greater risk of hacking, fraud, and complete currency collapse. Because of this, investors are talking more and more about how to keep their cryptocurrency holdings safe.

Taxes

The Internal Revenue Service of the United States has published tax guidance that classifies cryptocurrencies as property, in the same category as stocks, bonds, and other forms of capital assets. This comes as the use of cryptocurrencies has exploded in recent years in the United States.

When investors sell, trade, or otherwise get rid of their cryptocurrency holdings, they are subject to taxes on any capital gains they have realized from doing so. Additionally, whether a person gets cryptocurrencies as a gift, as a result of mining, or as payment for services given, those cryptocurrencies might be treated as income and subject to taxation.

Keeping this in mind, investors must report any taxes they owe on capital gains when they file their federal income tax returns, but they may also be able to get deductions for losses.

Although the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) classifies cryptocurrencies as property for the purposes of taxation, this designation is not shared by all other departments and agencies of the federal government. The dispute over whether cryptocurrency should be classified as a security or a commodity has been going on for a very long time. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have referred to cryptocurrencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) considers cryptocurrencies to be a sort of security.

As of the 27th of August 2022, a number of different proposals aiming to make the regulation of cryptocurrencies more uniform have been introduced in Congress.

The Takeaway

Arbitrage is possible in all of the world's financial markets, including those for stocks, bonds, and commodities, whenever one and the same item may be bought or sold at different prices in various locations. Because cryptocurrencies are digital and aren't based on an underlying asset, it is difficult to assign a value to these currencies. Furthermore, cryptocurrencies don't follow the same pricing rules as shares and bonds, which are related to the performance of a business, municipality, or country. This makes it more difficult to determine the value of cryptocurrencies.

Arbitrage methods may be even more intricate than cryptocurrency, which is a lot given how convoluted cryptocurrency is. However, the method is legal, and it has the potential to provide big gains. However, it also puts an investor in a position where they are exposed to a significant level of risk.

When exploring crypto arbitrage, investors should do their own research just as they would with any other investment strategy. This should include looking at a variety of cryptocurrencies, including those that are not as well-known, as well as software that is available to track cryptocurrency exchanges in real time.

That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

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@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

📊 La recente approvazione da parte della SEC degli ETF Spot su Bitcoin, avvenuta il 10 gennaio, ha rappresentato un momento epocale nelle criptovalute. Tuttavia, il periodo successivo ha portato sfide inaspettate, influenzando il mercato crypto globale. Esploriamo gli sviluppi, gli alti e bassi e il futuro possibile.

📊 Un Debutto Spettacolare: L'11 gennaio, gli ETF Spot su Bitcoin hanno esordito con un volume di trading di $4,6 miliardi nel primo giorno, attirando investitori esperti e nuovi. BlackRock e Fidelity hanno guidato con afflussi di oltre $1 miliardo ciascuno. Tuttavia, Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC), nonostante la vittoria legale contro la SEC, ha visto un ritiro di $2,8 miliardi.

📊 Altalene del Prezzo di Bitcoin: Contrariamente alle aspettative, Bitcoin ha sperimentato un calo del 16%, scendendo da $46.000 a $38.600. Fattori come prese di profitto da parte degli investitori di GBTC e una guerra delle commissioni hanno contribuito a questa volatilità.

📊 Effetto Domino Globale: L'approvazione ha innescato cambiamenti nei mercati globali degli ETF crypto. In Europa, Invesco e WisdomTree hanno ridotto le commissioni, creando una concorrenza senza precedenti. Hong Kong e la Corea del Sud si preparano a lanciare ETF crypto nazionali, mentre Singapore, Tailandia e Taiwan osservano attentamente le tendenze.

📊 Prossima Frontiera: ETF Spot su Ether: Le attenzioni ora si concentrano sugli ETF Spot su Ether, con BlackRock, Fidelity, Ark Invest e altri che attendono l'approvazione della SEC. La chiarezza normativa su Ether e l'approvazione degli ETF Spot su Bitcoin rendono possibile questa evoluzione.

In conclusione, l'approvazione degli ETF Spot su Bitcoin ha scosso il panorama crypto, portando sia successi che sfide. Ora, gli occhi sono puntati verso nuovi orizzonti con la potenziale approvazione degli ETF Spot su Ether, segnando un ulteriore passo nel percorso di integrazione delle criptovalute nei mercati tradizionali.

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@ 75bf2353:e1bfa895

Thank You !

@ 2f7463a4:e92b8023

Dies ist die deutsche Übersetzung von / This is the German translation of :

nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3cxserxdpsxverzwp4qgs87hptfey2p607ef36g6cnekuzfz05qgpe34s2ypc2j6x24qvdwhgrqsqqqa28zcj37a — nostr:npub10awzknjg5r5lajnr53438ndcyjylgqsrnrtq5grs495v42qc6awsj45ys7

Weitere Übersetzungen / Other translations : - Spanisch / Spanish : nostr:naddr1qqx9zat994jhxttgv93xccgzypl4c26wfzswnlk2vwjxky7dhqjgnaqzqwvdvz3qwz5k3j4grrt46qcyqqq823cf6w59v — nostr:npub138s5hey76qrnm2pmv7p8nnffhfddsm8sqzm285dyc0wy4f8a6qkqtzx624

---

Habla ist eine auf Nostr basierende Plattform, mit der du umfangreiche Beiträge erstellen und verwalten kannst. Man könnte es mit Medium vergleichen, aber Habla ist viel mehr als das. Habla ist herkömmlichen Blogging-Plattformen überlegen, weil es auf Nostr basiert. Es ist mit einer Vielzahl anderer Nostr-Apps interoperabel, was die Benutzererfahrung nahtlos und fesselnd macht. Darüber hinaus können deine Inhalte, wenn sie von den Lesern als wertvoll empfunden werden, dank des Lightning-Netzwerkes sofort mit dem besten Geld, das die Menschheit je gesehen hat, belohnt werden: Bitcoin.

Was ist Nostr?

Nostr ist eine neue Art der Online-Kommunikation, die ihren Nutzern zahlreiche Vorteile bietet. Nostr ist für alle kostenlos, man braucht keine ID oder andere Verifizierung durch Dritte, um sich anzumelden, Gleichgesinnte zu treffen und die Community um sich herum zu vergrößern. Nostr wird oft mit einer Social-Media-Plattform verwechselt, ist aber viel mehr als das. Wir empfehlen dir einen Blick auf die hier gesammelten Nostr-Ressourcen zu werfen, um die potenzielle Dimension dieses Tools zu erkennen.

Wie melde ich mich bei Habla an?

Um auf Habla zu schreiben, erstelle einfach ein Habla/Nostr-Konto und melde dich an. Folge diesen einfachen Schritten, um dich zu registrieren, Mehrwert zu bieten und Gegenwert zurückzuerhalten.

Wie verdiene ich mit Habla?

Habla ermöglicht es, Werte direkt von deinen Lesern zu erhalten. Es ist kein Bankkonto oder Ausweis erforderlich. Verbinde einfach deine Lightning-Adresse mit deinem Habla/Nostr-Konto und erhalte Geld direkt auf dein Wallet – ohne Dritte, ohne Warten auf Abhebungen, ohne Stress. Folge diesen einfachen Schritten, um loszulegen.

Warum ist das Publizieren auf Habla anders?

Das Nostr-Protokoll ist sehr schlank, was einige Besonderheiten im Verhalten von Nostr-basierten Anwendungen mit sich bringt. Wir gehen hier nicht auf die technischen Details ein, aber der offensichtlichste Unterschied, den du als Autor bemerken wirst, ist, dass du ein anderes und möglicherweise ungewohntes Textformat für deine Beiträge verwenden musst. Aber keine Angst, Habla bietet Tools, die diesen Prozess einfach und intuitiv machen. Hier ist ein kurzes Video von nostr:npub1wkljx5c6a8uccc5etws8ry0y3r4dgavh2dcav0tal4rtmcdl4z2sfu5u0t, das die Grundlagen des Publizierens mit Habla erklärt (der Leitfaden wurde vor dem Redesign erstellt, ist aber immer noch nützlich):

https://nostr.build/p/nb9474.mp4

Habla (und viele andere Nostr-Anwendungen) verwendet das etablierte Format Markdown. Das gibt es schon seit fast einem Jahrzehnt und wird von den meisten Apps, die du jeden Tag benutzt, unterstützt. Der Grund, warum du vielleicht noch nichts von Markdown gehört hast, ist, dass herkömmliche Anwendungen es normalerweise vor dem Benutzer verbergen, und wir arbeiten daran, dies auch zu tun. Mehr über Markdown kannst du hier herausfinden.

Wo werden meine Inhalte gespeichert?

Herkömmliche Blogging-Plattformen speichern die Inhalte auf ihren eigenen Servern. Das ist ein bequemer und (früher) solider Ansatz, der aber auch kritische Risiken birgt. Wenn du die Früchte deiner Arbeit einer einzigen Partei überlässt, hat diese die vollständige Kontrolle über deine Inhalte. Nostr löst dieses Problem. Jedes Mal, wenn du etwas veröffentlichst, wird dein Inhalt an zahlreiche Relais zur Speicherung und Verbreitung weitergeleitet. Wenn ein Relais-Betreiber deinen Beitrag blockiert oder sich weigert, ihn weiterzuverbreiten, können deine Leser auf andere Relais zurückgreifen, um Zugang zu deinen Inhalten zu erhalten (keine Sorge, wenn das kompliziert klingt, alles geschieht unter der Haube). Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass du niemals zum Schweigen gebracht wirst. Wir haben uns entschieden, uns auf das zu konzentrieren, was wir am besten können: eine intuitive, effiziente und einfach zu bedienende Blogging-Plattform zu entwickeln, die sich lohnt – und das Speichern und Verbreiten von Inhalten den Profis auf diesem Gebiet zu überlassen.

Wie publiziere ich?

Habla bietet alle Tools, die du brauchst, um eindrucksvolle Artikel zu erstellen, die sich von anderen abheben. Bereite deinen Artikel vor, formatiere deinen Text mit den entsprechenden Tools, füge Medien hinzu und schau dir das Ergebnis vor Veröffentlichung selbst noch einmal an. Alles, was du brauchst, steht dir zur Verfügung, und die Plattform wird von Tag zu Tag besser und benutzerfreundlicher.

Wer kann meine Beiträge auf Habla lesen?

Jeder im Internet kann deine Beiträge lesen. Wenn deine Leser jedoch mit deiner Arbeit interagieren möchten – sei es durch Folgen, Kommentieren oder indem sie dir etwas zurückgeben möchten – sollten sie ein Nostr-Konto einrichten. Wir ermutigen dich, deine Follower einzubeziehen, um eine blühende Community aufzubauen und neue Höhen zu erreichen. Diese Kurzanleitung wird dir und deinen Fans den Einstieg erleichtern.

---

Dieses FAQ befindet sich in ständiger Entwicklung und wird sich in dem Maße ändern, wie Habla und Nostr zu noch leistungsfähigeren Tools werden. Bitte teile mir dein Feedback mit, damit ich es noch besser machen kann.

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

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🌐 Gracy Chen, CEO di Bitget, afferma: "Cerchiamo di sostenere lo sviluppo di diverse blockchain ed ecosistemi. Questo progetto mostra il potenziale innovativo e il supporto per l'ecosistema crittografico, allineandosi al nostro impegno nell'offrire ai nostri utenti accesso a progetti all'avanguardia. Vogliamo creare un mercato spot con una vasta scelta e progetti di eccellente qualità." 10% di sconto a vita: 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK

@ 1408bad0:4971f2ca

There was a great meme from Wojak about Wen will Bitconi demonitise Gold. This could come quicker than we think, especially even some banks are thinking that there will be a faster Bitcoin adoption than when the Gold ETF was launched.

Gold has around a $12 Trillion market cap according to recent data and it will be interesting to see how quickly Bitocoin erodes into this in the next 2 years.

source

Bitcoin will surely catch up and easily overtake Gold's marketcap in the next few years in my opinion, especially with the mediocre returns from holding gold, just look at Peter Schiff. The real test will come however when it comes to real estate.

Real estate is another beast from gold though and it will not go down without a fight. According to the Bitcoin Prague presentation by Michael Saylor, the real estate market is worth over $330 Trillion, which is a massive number in magnitude to that of gold.

The other thing to remember is that real estate is used by the fiat central bankers as a faucet to pump more fiat debt into the system. If this faucet starts to dry up, they would need to resort to more imaginative ways to indebten people or the whole system could start to collapse.

There are many tax benefits given to those who take on debt to buy real estate in many countries. Many people can write off the interest payments on their tax bills, other can avoid capital gains taxs by hodling real estate. This causes people to take on large amounts of debt and pump up the price of housing and cause huge bubbles that the next generation are supposed to take on and keep the system going.

In the slide by Michael Saylor, he predicts Bitcoin could take maybe 15% of the real esate market cap and has the potential to take half of it, which would be huge from where we currently are.

50% of $330 Trillion would add $165 Trillion to Bitcoins market cap and it would be hard to put a price on a Satoshi if that happens, let a lone a full Bitcoin.

Would there be some reaction from the Banks when they lose a major fiat debt faucet though? How would they react and would they try to make taking on debt for houses even more attractive than the ultra-low rates we have had in recent years?

If Bitcoin starts making inroads into people investing in Bitcoin instead of taking debt to buy real estate, it could possibly trigger a huge deflation in the fiat world for real estate as people abandon buying extra apartments to rent out and instead and less liquidity would be flowing in the system.

What are your thoughts on how Bitcoin will affect the real estate market?

Thanks for reading.

Let's connect : mypathtofire

@ 6a39a186:88f51c19

Mostro Network: Pioneering Censorship-Resistant Bitcoin Exchange

Mostro Network, an avant-garde project initiated on November 6, 2023, unfolds a revolutionary approach to facilitate Bitcoin transactions through the Lightning Network. The project addresses the growing demand for conducting Bitcoin transactions without compromising personal data, introducing a groundbreaking solution for peer-to-peer exchanges.

Project Genesis: @lnp2pBot on Telegram

The inception of Mostro Network traces back to the initiation of @lnp2pBot on Telegram, a testament to enabling users worldwide to buy and sell Bitcoin via the Lightning Network. The bot operates organically, gaining traction globally, with a significant impact observed in Latin America, where the adoption of Bitcoin transcends the limitations of local currencies, especially in regions facing dictatorial regimes such as Cuba and Venezuela.

While @lnp2pBot thrived on Telegram, concerns arose about potential censorship by powerful entities. To mitigate this risk, the quest for a platform impervious to censorship led to the discovery of Nostr.

Enter Nostr: A Sanctuary for Decentralized Communication

Nostr emerges as the ideal platform for hosting the Mostro Network, providing a haven where the bot can thrive without the looming threat of censorship. The exploration of Nostr began a month ago, with a focus on creating a new bot version—a censorship-resistant iteration, aptly named the "Monster" version.

The initial steps involve crafting a Nostr bot in Rust, a language known for its reliability and performance. This nascent implementation marks the beginning of a journey toward creating an unstoppable and censorship-resistant peer-to-peer exchange on the Lightning Network.

Mostro Architecture and Operation

Escrow Mechanism for Enhanced Security

Mostro acts as an escrow service, mitigating risks for both buyers and sellers in Bitcoin transactions. Leveraging a Lightning Network node, Mostro generates hold invoices for sellers and pays buyers using regular Lightning invoices, ensuring a secure and efficient exchange.

Establishing a Decentralized Network of Mostros

To avoid a single point of failure, the Mostro Network encourages the creation of multiple Mostros, each contributing to the reliability of the network. Operating a Mostro requires a lightning node with substantial liquidity, ensuring rapid and secure transactions. Mostros sustain themselves through fees charged on successful orders.

Reputation System for Quality Assurance

Users have the power to rate Mostros, fostering competition among Mostros to attract more users. A robust reputation system ensures that subpar Mostros are rejected by users, losing incentives to persist.

Order Flow: A Seamless Process

The order flow on Mostro Network follows a well-defined and secure process:

1. Order Publication:
2. Buyers and sellers communicate their intent by sending encrypted messages to Mostro.

3. Mostro creates Parameterized Replaceable Events for potential trades.

4. Buyer Takes an Order:

5. Buyers send regular invoices and encrypted messages to Mostro.

6. Mostro connects buyers with sellers by creating hold invoices.

7. Mostro Puts Parties in Touch:

8. After the seller pays the invoice, Mostro updates the order status to "Active."

9. Mostro facilitates communication between buyer and seller.

10. Fiat Transaction Confirmation:

11. The buyer sends fiat money to the seller and notifies Mostro through encrypted messages.

12. Release of Funds:

13. Mostro requests the release of funds from the seller.

14. Invoice Settlement:

15. Mostro settles the seller's invoice and pays the buyer's invoice, updating the order status accordingly.

The detailed specifications and communication protocols can be found in the Mostro documentation, providing a comprehensive guide for users and developers alike.

Call to Rust Developers: Join the Mostro Revolution!

Mostro Network is in its early stages, and Rust developers are invited to contribute to this groundbreaking project. The journey has just begun, and early participants have the opportunity to shape the future of decentralized, censorship-resistant Bitcoin exchanges. Happy hacking!

Conclusion: A New Frontier in Bitcoin Exchange

Mostro Network, hosted on the resilient platform of Nostr, emerges as a beacon of innovation in the realm of decentralized Bitcoin exchanges. With a focus on security, reliability, and censorship resistance, Mostro sets the stage for a new era in peer-to-peer transactions, empowering users globally to engage in Bitcoin transactions without compromising on privacy or succumbing to external pressures. As the project evolves, the Mostro Network promises to be a transformative force in the world of cryptocurrency.

Learn more About Lnp2pbot Here Telegram Mostr_Dev

Mostro Client Specifications: A User-Friendly Guide

Overview

Mostro, the innovative peer-to-peer exchange platform, operates through Parameterized Replaceable Events, utilizing event kind 38383. This ensures a standardized communication protocol for seamless interactions. To better understand the communication process, let's delve into the details of Mostro's client specifications.

Communication with Mostro

All messages exchanged with Mostro adhere to Nostr event kind 4. The content field of the event is a crucial element, employing base64 encoding and AES-256-CBC encryption for security. The content field contains a JSON-serialized string with specific parameters:

• version: Indicates the protocol version (currently 1).
• pubkey (optional): The real pubkey of the user, used for message signing when sent from ephemeral keys.
• action: Specifies the action to be performed by the Mostro daemon.
• content (optional): Provides additional content based on the action performed.

Here's an example of a FiatSent Order message:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": "0001be6bd50247846a28cce439a10470a39b1b6c81d5c3be2475156a413e1e3a", "action": "FiatSent", "content": null } }

Key Management

Key management is crucial for secure communication. In the examples provided, the following keys are used:

• Mostro's pubkey: dbe0b1be7aafd3cfba92d7463edbd4e33b2969f61bd554d37ac56f032e13355a
• Seller's real pubkey: 00000ba40c5795451705bb9c165b3af93c846894d3062a9cd7fcba090eb3bf78
• Seller's ephemeral pubkey: 1f5bb148a25bca31506594722e746b10acf2641a12725b12072dcbc46ade544d
• Buyer's real pubkey: 0000147e939bef2b81c27af4c1b702c90c3843f7212a34934bff1e049b7f1427
• Buyer's ephemeral pubkey: 9a42ac72d6466a6dbe5b4b07a8717ee13e55abb6bdd810ea9c321c9a32ee837b

Ephemeral Keys

Mostro clients are encouraged to use freshly generated keys for communication. The pubkey field indicates where the counterpart wants to be contacted. This practice ensures enhanced privacy, as orders and users cannot be easily linked. The buyer_pubkey and seller_pubkey fields represent the real pubkeys of each party.

By adhering to these specifications, users can engage with Mostro confidently, knowing that their communication is secure and their privacy is prioritized.

"Secure communication is the cornerstone of Mostro's commitment to user privacy and a seamless peer-to-peer exchange experience."

Creating a New Order on Mostro: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction

Creating a buy order on Mostro becomes faster and more convenient when utilizing a Lightning address. This guide outlines the process, starting with the buyer sending a Nostr event kind 4 to Mostro. Follow the steps below to initiate and confirm a new order seamlessly.

Step 1: Initiating a New Order

The buyer initiates the order by sending a Nostr event kind 4 with the following content:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "pubkey": "0000147e939bef2b81c27af4c1b702c90c3843f7212a34934bff1e049b7f1427", // Buyer's real pubkey "action": "NewOrder", "content": { "Order": { "kind": "Buy", "status": "Pending", "amount": 0, "fiat_code": "VES", "fiat_amount": 100, "payment_method": "face to face", "premium": 1, "buyer_invoice": "mostro_p2p@ln.tips", "created_at": 0 } } } }

Step 2: Nostr Event

Upon receiving the buyer's request, Mostro generates a Nostr event with the following structure:

json { "id": "cade205b849a872d74ba4d2a978135dbc05b4e5f483bb4403c42627dfd24f67d", "kind": 4, "pubkey": "9a42ac72d6466a6dbe5b4b07a8717ee13e55abb6bdd810ea9c321c9a32ee837b", // Buyer's ephemeral pubkey "content": "base64-encoded-aes-256-cbc-encrypted-JSON-serialized-string", "tags": [ ["p", "dbe0b1be7aafd3cfba92d7463edbd4e33b2969f61bd554d37ac56f032e13355a"] // Mostro's pubkey ], "created_at": 1234567890, "sig": "a21eb195fe418613aa9a3a8a78039b090e50dc3f9fb06b0f3fe41c63221adc073a9317a1f28d9db843a43c28d860ba173b70132ca85b0e706f6487d43a57ee82" }

Step 3: Confirmation Message

Mostro acknowledges the order by sending a confirmation message (nip04 event) to the buyer:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": "0000147e939bef2b81c27af4c1b702c90c3843f7212a34934bff1e049b7f1427", "content": { "Order": { "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "kind": "Sell", "status": "Pending", "amount": 0, "fiat_code": "VES", "fiat_amount": 100, "payment_method": "face to face", "premium": 1, "master_buyer_pubkey": null, "master_seller_pubkey": null, "buyer_invoice": "mostro_p2p@ln.tips", "created_at": 1698870173 } } } }

Step 4: Order Publication

Mostro publishes the order as an event kind 38383 with status "Pending." Sellers can view and take this order. After a seller accepts the order, Mostro handles the invoice payment when the seller releases the funds.

By following these steps, buyers and sellers can engage in efficient and secure transactions on Mostro.

"Experience the convenience of Lightning-fast orders on Mostro – where speed meets security in peer-to-peer exchanges."

Taking a Sell Order with a Lightning Address on Mostro: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

To streamline the process of receiving funds and eliminate the need to create and send Lightning invoices for each trade, buyers on Mostro can utilize a Lightning address. This guide outlines the steps involved in taking a sell order with a Lightning address, from initiating the request to Mostro's response.

Step 1: Initiating the Sell Order

The buyer sends a message to Mostro in a Nostr event kind 4 with the following content:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": "0000147e939bef2b81c27af4c1b702c90c3843f7212a34934bff1e049b7f1427", "action": "TakeSell", "content": { "PaymentRequest": [null, "mostro_p2p@ln.tips"] } } }

Step 2: Nostr Event

The buyer's message to Mostro generates a Nostr event with the following structure:

json { "id": "cade205b849a872d74ba4d2a978135dbc05b4e5f483bb4403c42627dfd24f67d", "kind": 4, "pubkey": "9a42ac72d6466a6dbe5b4b07a8717ee13e55abb6bdd810ea9c321c9a32ee837b", "content": "base64-encoded-aes-256-cbc-encrypted-JSON-serialized-string", "tags": [ ["p", "dbe0b1be7aafd3cfba92d7463edbd4e33b2969f61bd554d37ac56f032e13355a"] ], "created_at": 1234567890, "sig": "a21eb195fe418613aa9a3a8a78039b090e50dc3f9fb06b0f3fe41c63221adc073a9317a1f28d9db843a43c28d860ba173b70132ca85b0e706f6487d43a57ee82" }

Step 3: Mostro's Response

Mostro responds to the buyer with a nip04 event containing a wrapped Order in the content:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": null, "action": "WaitingSellerToPay", "content": null } }

Step 4: Update on Order Status

Mostro updates the nip33 event with the "d" tag "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842" to change the status to "WaitingPayment." The updated event looks like this:

json [ "EVENT", "RAND", { "id": "eb0582360ebd3836c90711f774fbecb27e600f4a5fedf4fc2d16fc852f8380b1", "pubkey": "dbe0b1be7aafd3cfba92d7463edbd4e33b2969f61bd554d37ac56f032e13355a", "created_at": 1702549437, "kind": 38383, "tags": [ ["d", "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842"], ["k", "Sell"], ["f", "VES"], ["s", "WaitingPayment"], ["amt", "7851"], ["fa", "100"], ["pm", "face to face"], ["premium", "1"], ["y", "mostrop2p"], ["z", "order"] ], "content": "", "sig": "a835f8620db3ebdd9fa142ae99c599a61da86321c60f7c9fed0cc57169950f4121757ff64a5e998baccf6b68272aa51819c3e688d8ad586c0177b3cd1ab09c0f" } ]

By following these steps, buyers can efficiently take sell orders using Lightning addresses on Mostro, enhancing the trading experience with speed and convenience.

"Experience hassle-free transactions with Lightning addresses on Mostro – where simplicity meets security in peer-to-peer exchanges."

Initiating a Dispute on Mostro: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction

Users on Mostro have the option to initiate a dispute in an order with the status "Pending" or "FiatSent." This guide outlines the process of starting a dispute, the responses from Mostro to the seller and buyer, and the subsequent actions taken by Mostro and administrators.

Step 1: Initiating a Dispute

A user can start a dispute by sending the following action in a Nostr event:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": "00000ba40c5795451705bb9c165b3af93c846894d3062a9cd7fcba090eb3bf78", "action": "Dispute", "content": null } }

Step 2: Mostro's Response to the Seller

Mostro responds to the seller with the following message:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": null, "action": "DisputeInitiatedByYou", "content": null } }

Step 3: Mostro's Response to the Buyer

Mostro sends a message to the buyer:

json { "Order": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": null, "action": "DisputeInitiatedByPeer", "content": null } }

Step 4: Updating the Nip 33 Event

Mostro does not update the nip 33 event with the "d" tag "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842" to change the status to "Dispute." This is because the order is still active, and the dispute serves as a notification to administrators and the other party about a problem with the order.

Step 5: Mostro's Nip 33 Event to Show the Dispute

Mostro broadcasts a nip 33 event to show the dispute, for example:

json [ "EVENT", "RAND", { "id": "4a4d63698f8a27d7d44e5669224acf6af2516a9350ae5f07d3cb91e5601f7302", "pubkey": "dbe0b1be7aafd3cfba92d7463edbd4e33b2969f61bd554d37ac56f032e13355a", "created_at": 1703016565, "kind": 38383, "tags": [ ["d", "efc75871-2568-40b9-a6ee-c382d4d6de01"], ["s", "Pending"], ["y", "mostrop2p"], ["z", "dispute"] ], "content": "", "sig": "00a1da45c00684c5af18cf292ca11697c9e70f2a691e6cd397211e717d2f54362dd401d7567da8184a5c596f48a09693479e67214c23e773523a63d0b1c3f537" } ]

Step 6: Administrator Actions

Mostro administrators can view the dispute using the dispute ID "efc75871-2568-40b9-a6ee-c382d4d6de01" and take action:

json { "Dispute": { "version": 1, "id": "efc75871-2568-40b9-a6ee-c382d4d6de01", "pubkey": null, "action": "AdminTakeDispute", "content": null } }

Step 7: Confirmation to the Administrator

Mostro sends a confirmation message to the administrator with the order details:

json { "Dispute": { "version": 1, "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "pubkey": null, "action": "AdminTakeDispute", "content": { "Order": { "id": "ede61c96-4c13-4519-bf3a-dcf7f1e9d842", "kind": "Sell", "status": "Active", "amount": 0, "fiat_code": "VES", "fiat_amount": 100, "payment_method": "face to face", "premium": 1, "master_buyer_pubkey": "0000147e939bef2b81c27af4c1b702c90c3843f7212a34934bff1e049b7f1427", "master_seller_pubkey": "00000ba40c5795451705bb9c165b3af93c846894d3062a9cd7fcba090eb3bf78", "buyer_invoice": "lnbcrt11020n1pjcypj3pp58m3d9gcu4cc8l3jgkpfn7zhqv2jfw7p3t6z3tq2nmk9cjqam2c3sdqqcqzzsxqyz5vqsp5mew44wzjs0a58d9sfpkrdpyrytswna6gftlfrv8xghkc6fexu6sq9qyyssqnwfkqdxm66lxjv8z68ysaf0fmm50ztvv773jzuyf8a5tat3lnhks6468ngpv3lk5m7yr7vsg97jh6artva5qhd95vafqhxupyuawmrcqnthl9y", "created_at": 1698870173 } } } }

Step 8: Broadcasting the Nip 33 Dispute Event

Mostro broadcasts a new nip 33 dispute event to update the dispute status to "InProgress":

json [ "EVENT", "RAND", { "id": "2bb3f5a045bcc1eb057fd1e22c0cece7c58428a6ab5153299ef4e1e89633fde9", "pubkey": "dbe0b1be7aafd3cfba92d7463edbd4e33b2969f61bd554d }

Conclusion

In conclusion, the process of initiating a dispute on Mostro involves a series of simple steps outlined in this guide. Users can follow these steps to address issues with orders effectively. However, for a comprehensive understanding and detailed information, it is highly recommended to visit the official documentation at Mostro Messages Overview. The documentation provides in-depth insights, additional details, and ensures a complete understanding of the Mostro dispute resolution system. Happy trading on Mostro!

@ cce0989b:b497e608

Old Happy: "Once I achieve my goal, then I will be happy."

New Happy: "I will find happiness as I work towards my goal."

There is no end goal that will make you lastingly happy. There is no promotion, no milestone, and no accolade that will magically alleviate your suffering and lead to a state of perpetual joy. Yet, because we believe what Old Happy culture teaches us, we constantly chase one goal after another, believing each one to be the solution to what ails us—a choice that only leaves happiness perpetually out of reach.

Pursuing personally meaningful goals does matter for your happiness, but not because of what happens at the end. It's because of what happens along the way: the experiences of growth, reflection, connection, purpose and love. These frequent, small experiences of joy have a far more meaningful impact on our overall well-being.

The next time you find yourself thinking, "I'll be happy when..." say these words to yourself:

"Where am I rushing to? The joy I'm looking for is right here.”

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Bitcoin ETF Transparency Protocol Implementation Proposal

Objective

The primary objective of the Bitcoin ETF Transparency Protocol is to enhance transparency within the operations of Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs). By implementing this protocol, ETFs aim to build trust among investors and attract more capital by providing a clear and verifiable account of their Bitcoin holdings and individual transactions.

Goals

• Verification of Bitcoin Reserves:

ETFs adopting this protocol commit to regularly publishing their on-chain Bitcoin account address. An independent third-party auditor will verify and publicly confirm the quantity of Bitcoin held in the ETF's on-chain account, providing assurance to investors regarding the reserve.

• Individual Transaction Transparency:

Each ETF purchase will be assigned an anonymized Transaction ID, which will be made publicly accessible on the ETF's centralized website. Investors can verify their transactions by cross-referencing the anonymized Transaction ID with the date, quantity, and folio number associated with their purchase.

• Total ETF Unit Verification:

The ETF will provide a verifiable count of total units issued, allowing investors to confirm the overall quantity of ETF units in circulation. This information will be accessible on the centralized website and will be regularly updated to reflect changes in the total unit count. Method Suggested

• Anonymized Transaction ID Generation:

Each ETF purchase will generate a unique anonymized Transaction ID, comprising a combination of characters or numbers. The Transaction ID will include essential details such as date, quantity, and folio number, but without revealing the identity of the investor.

• Public Ledger on Centralized Website:

The ETF will maintain a centralized website accessible to the public. The website will feature a publicly accessible ledger containing anonymized Transaction IDs, dates, quantities, and folio numbers for each ETF purchase.

• On-Chain Account Address Publication:

The ETF's on-chain Bitcoin account address will be regularly published on the centralized website. An independent auditor will verify the reserve by conducting periodic audits, ensuring that the quantity of Bitcoin in the on-chain account matches the total ETF Bitcoin holdings.

• Regular Audits by Third-Party Validators:

An independent third-party auditor, separate from the ETF management, will conduct regular audits of the on-chain Bitcoin holdings and transaction records. The audit results will be made publicly available on the centralized website to maintain transparency and build investor confidence. By implementing the Bitcoin ETF Transparency Protocol, ETFs can distinguish themselves in the market by providing a high level of transparency, thereby attracting more investors who prioritize accountability and verifiability in their investment choices.

I have posted an image in my medium article https://bit.ly/bitcoinetf

@ 52921e1f:1c37981b

Setting up a privacy server for storing and managing your files independently of commercial cloud services involves several steps. Below is a step-by-step guide covering hardware, open-source software choices, storage capacity considerations, backup procedures, and the benefits of having a privacy server.

Step 1: Hardware Selection

Choose hardware based on your specific needs. Consider a server-grade machine or a dedicated NAS (Network Attached Storage) device. Key considerations include:

Processor: Multi-core processors for faster processing.

RAM: Sufficient RAM for smooth operations.

Storage: Multiple large-capacity hard drives or SSDs for data storage.

Network Connectivity: Gigabit Ethernet for fast data transfer.

Step 2: Install an Operating System

Choose a privacy-focused operating system, such as:

Linux Distributions: Debian, Ubuntu Server, or CentOS.

NAS Operating Systems: FreeNAS or OpenMediaVault.

Step 3: Set Up File Storage

Configure your storage solution using software like:

Nextcloud: A self-hosted file sync and share server.

OwnCloud: Similar to Nextcloud, offering file hosting and collaboration tools.

Step 4: File Migration

Move your files from cloud services to your privacy server using:

Rclone: A command-line program for syncing files and directories.

Nextcloud Desktop Client: Helps sync files between your computer and Nextcloud server.

Step 5: Communications and Collaboration

Select open-source software for communication and collaboration:

Matrix Synapse: A server for decentralized communication.

Riot/Element: A Matrix client for secure messaging.

Collabora Online: Integrates with Nextcloud for collaborative document editing.

Step 6: Privacy-Focused Email

Consider setting up your email server with:

Mail-in-a-Box: An easy-to-deploy mail server solution.

Step 7: Backup Procedures

Implement regular backups using:

Duplicity: Encrypted, bandwidth-efficient backup using the rsync algorithm.

Rsync: Efficient file-copying tool that can be used for backups.

Step 8: Security Measures

Enhance security with:

Let's Encrypt: For SSL/TLS certificates.

Fail2ban: Protects against unauthorized access by monitoring logs and banning malicious IP addresses.

Benefits of a Privacy Server: Data Ownership: You have full control over your data, eliminating third-party access.

Increased Privacy: Your files are not subject to data mining or surveillance by commercial providers.

Customization: Tailor the server to your needs with specific software and security measures.

No Monthly Fees: Avoid subscription fees associated with cloud services.

Reduced Dependency: Independence from the reliability and policies of commercial providers.

Remember to stay updated with security patches, regularly backup your data, and consider the specific needs of your setup when making hardware and software choices.

Not financial or legal advice, for entertainment only, do your own homework. I hope you find this post useful as you chart your personal financial course and Build a Bitcoin Fortress in 2023.

Thanks for supporting my work. Always remember: freedom, health and positivity!

Please also check out my Bitcoin Fortress Podcast on all your favorite streaming platforms. I do a weekly Bitcoin news update every week on current items of interest to the Bitcoin community, usually 30 to 60 minutes depending on the number of topics to cover. Please check it out if you haven’t already. Also now on Fountain, where you can earn Bitcoin just for listening to your favorite podcasts.

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The Blockchain

Bitcoin Blockchain Statistics

| Statistic | Value | |---------------------------------|---------------------------------| | # of Blocks Mined | 827,417 (19,608,856 BTC) | | Days Since Creation (first block)| 5,501 (2009-01-03) | | Size | 436.45 GB (+0% today) | | Next Reward Halving | 2024-04-19 |

The World

Global Bitcoin Statistics

• Unrestricted in 132 of 257 countries/regions. Explore More
• 16,435 Bitcoin nodes currently online

eCash vs Bitcoin (BTC) Breakdown

• The eCash chain is currently 1365 blocks ahead of the Bitcoin (BTC) chain.
• It is currently 40,503.34x more expensive to transact on Bitcoin (BTC) in USD.
• The Bitcoin (BTC) chain has grown by 391.60GB more than eCash.
• It is currently 0.10% more profitable to mine on the eCash blockchain.
• The eCash mining network is currently operating at 0.04% of Bitcoin (BTC)'s difficulty.
• One Bitcoin (BTC) is currently worth 1,328,271,884.75 eCash (XEC).

Cashu: Empowering Privacy in Bitcoin Transactions 🌐

Cashu is a revolutionary ecash protocol designed for Bitcoin users who value privacy and security in their transactions. This article provides an overview of Cashu, its protocol, applications, and the Blind Diffie-Hellmann Key Exchange (BDHKE) cryptographic scheme.

Cashu for Bitcoin 🚀

• Deep Integration with Lightning: Cashu is built specifically for Bitcoin and seamlessly integrates with the Lightning network. Users can send and receive Bitcoin payments with nearly perfect privacy using Cashu wallets.

Ecash for Ultimate Privacy 🔒

• Anonymous Transactions: A Cashu mint does not collect user information, balance details, or transaction parties. Users can exchange ecash privately, ensuring complete anonymity. Bitcoin payments execute without the risk of censorship.

Cashu Applications 📱

Cashu offers diverse applications to cater to different user preferences:

• Cashu Nutshell: The reference implementation with a command-line interface (CLI).
• eNuts and Minibits: Mobile applications for on-the-go ecash transactions.
• Cashu.me and Nutstash: Progressive Web Apps (PWA) with a user-friendly graphical interface.

The Open Source Cashu Protocol 💻

• Open Ecash Protocol: Cashu is an open-source ecash protocol designed for Bitcoin. Anyone can implement the protocol, and applications following the specifications will be compatible with the entire Cashu ecosystem.

BDHKE: Blind Diffie-Hellmann Key Exchange 🔐

The BDHKE is the foundational cryptographic scheme used in the Cashu protocol. It involves three main actors: the sending user (Alice), the receiving user (Carol), and the mint (Bob). The exchange ensures secure and private signing and redemption of ecash tokens.

Key Steps:

1. Blind Diffie-Hellmann Key Exchange: The mint (Bob) publishes a public key (K), and Alice generates a random string (x). The exchange involves blinding and unblinding processes, ensuring secure key sharing.

Cashu NUTs: Notation, Usage, and Terminology 📜

• Protocol Specifications: Cashu NUTs provide detailed specifications for implementing the Cashu protocol. Developers can refer to these specifications to create their own wallets using multiple Cashu client libraries.

Cashu Libraries and Language Support 🛠️

• Developer-Friendly Libraries: Cashu libraries are available for Python, Golang, TypeScript, and JavaScript. These libraries empower developers to create their own wallets and contribute to the Cashu ecosystem.

Cashu: Bridging Privacy and Bitcoin 🌐

Cashu stands at the forefront of the movement to enhance privacy in Bitcoin transactions. Whether you're a user seeking anonymity or a developer looking to contribute, Cashu provides the tools and infrastructure for a secure and private Bitcoin experience.

Explore. Understand. Support. Embrace Cashu, the ecash protocol designed to empower your Bitcoin journey. 🚀🔒🌐

@ 6a39a186:88f51c19

The Blockchain

Bitcoin Blockchain Statistics

| Statistic | Value | |---------------------------------|---------------------------------| | # of Blocks Mined | 827,417 (19,608,856 BTC) | | Days Since Creation (first block)| 5,501 (2009-01-03) | | Size | 436.45 GB (+0% today) | | Next Reward Halving | 2024-04-19 |

The World

Global Bitcoin Statistics

• Unrestricted in 132 of 257 countries/regions. Explore More
• 16,435 Bitcoin nodes currently online

eCash vs Bitcoin (BTC) Breakdown

• The eCash chain is currently 1365 blocks ahead of the Bitcoin (BTC) chain.
• It is currently 40,503.34x more expensive to transact on Bitcoin (BTC) in USD.
• The Bitcoin (BTC) chain has grown by 391.60GB more than eCash.
• It is currently 0.10% more profitable to mine on the eCash blockchain.
• The eCash mining network is currently operating at 0.04% of Bitcoin (BTC)'s difficulty.
• One Bitcoin (BTC) is currently worth 1,328,271,884.75 eCash (XEC).

A Measure of Private Publishing: Exploring Nostr Markdown Blogging

• "Some are concerned about custodial regime ownership or need a new link for payments."

The concept of private publishing may seem like a paradox. However, as a person knowing little code, I find solace in the idea of having control over my digital space. In this event, I pensive into the realm of private publishing using Nostr Markdown Blogging, coupled with powerful tools such as NBlog Configuration and Sovereign Stack.

Embracing Nostr Markdown Blogging

Nostr, with its inclusive use of Markdown Blogging, provides a unique and secure platform for: - Creating visual mind maps to connect related ideas and visualize the relationships between them. - Framing ideas in the form of a narrative or story, a repository for creative ideas, brainstorming sessions, and innovative thoughts. - Coding Snippets and Solutions Archive, storing useful code snippets, troubleshooting solutions, and programming tips.

This archive becomes a go-to resource for solving coding challenges efficiently. As a person valuing privacy, Nostr's decentralized nature aligns with my principles. It allows me to control my data without relying on any centralized platforms, ensuring that my thoughts remain mine.

Configuring NBlog

NBlog acts as the bridge between Nostr and Ghost, offering a straightforward configuration process. With NBlog, I can structure my blog content using Markdown syntax and seamlessly publish it on the Nostr protocol. The ease of configuration is empowering me to focus on content creation without having to grapple with complex setups.

Building a Documentation and Archiving System

Sovereign Stack: A Pillar of Privacy

Sovereign Stack serves as the foundation for a documentation and archiving system that prioritizes privacy. This open-source toolkit empowers individuals to reclaim control over their digital lives. Let's explore how it complements Nostr Markdown Blogging in creating a secure, private, and efficient system.

1. Self-Hosting with Sovereign
2. Foster decentralized collaboration with Gitea for code, Nextcloud for file sharing, and Nblog for content creation.

3. Nostr relay facilitates decentralized communication, ensuring collaboration without central control.

4. Encrypted Communication

5. Gain empowerment through self-hosting and learning opportunities.

6. Managing your stack provides valuable insights into server administration, security practices, and the networking of each service.

7. Decentralized Storage

8. Minimize costs associated with subscription-based hosting services.
9. Self-hosting can be cost-effective in the long run, especially for medium-sized deployments with moderate resource requirements.

Exploring Svelte Kit: A New Adventure Begins

Nostr community! 🌟 Tonight marks the beginning of an exciting journey as I delve into learning Svelte Kit, a powerful framework for building web applications. As I embark on this adventure, I can't help but share my enthusiasm with you.

Why Svelte Kit?

Svelte Kit, the evolution of the Svelte framework, caught my attention with its promise of simplicity and performance. As a developer eager to explore new technologies, here are three features that particularly intrigue me:

1. Zero Configuration: Svelte Kit boasts a zero-configuration setup, allowing developers to focus on building their applications rather than spending time on setup and configuration. This streamlined approach aligns with my preference for efficient and hassle-free development.

2. Built-in Routing: The integrated routing system in Svelte Kit simplifies navigation and enhances the overall structure of web applications. I'm eager to leverage this feature to create a seamless and intuitive user experience in my projects.

3. Serverless Functions: With built-in support for serverless functions, Svelte Kit provides a scalable and efficient way to handle backend logic. This aligns perfectly with my interest in exploring serverless architecture, and I'm eager to incorporate serverless functions into my Svelte Kit projects.

Blogging with Nostr Protocol

In conjunction with my Svelte Kit exploration, I'm thrilled to integrate Nostr Protocol into my blogging workflow. Here are three features I'm keen to incorporate into my markdown-based blog:

1. Interactive Nostr Events: Imagine embedding interactive Nostr events directly into my blog posts. Whether it's sharing code snippets, reactions, or other dynamic content, the ability to enhance the engagement of my readers using Nostr Protocol is an exciting prospect.

2. Decentralized Identity: Nostr Protocol's support for decentralized identity through NIP-05 aligns with the growing emphasis on user privacy and security. I look forward to exploring and implementing decentralized identity features in my blog, providing a more secure and user-centric experience.

3. Encrypted Direct Messages (NIP-04): As I share insights and knowledge, the ability to receive encrypted direct messages from my readers using NIP-04 adds an extra layer of privacy to our communication. This feature ensures that meaningful conversations can take place in a secure environment.

Stay tuned for updates on my Svelte Kit journey and the integration of Nostr Protocol into my blogging adventures. Let's code, learn, and build together! 🚀✨

Crafting a Digital Sanctuary

As a nostrich navigating the digital landscape, Nostr Markdown Blogging, coupled with NBlog and Sovereign Stack, empowers me to create a digital sanctuary. It's a space where I can express my ideas, document my journey, and archive my experiences—all while upholding the values of privacy, security, and individual control.

In embracing these tools, I invite others to explore the possibilities of private publishing. By leveraging decentralized technologies, we can redefine our relationship with digital platforms, reclaiming the power to share, document, and express ourselves on our terms.

"Self-hosting provides complete control over data and infrastructure, ensuring independence and ownership."
Hosting platforms like Gitea and Nextcloud enable users to manage their repositories, files, and content on their terms. 🌐✨

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Both fear and greed are quite common human emotions, and all of us are very familiar with them. The human mind and the process through which we make decisions are multidimensional and intricate, involving many different elements. In this post, we will explain how fear and greed influence the process of collective decision-making as well as how the Fear & Greed Index attempts to evaluate the effect of this influence on cryptocurrency markets.

Key Takeaways:

• A Fear and Greed Index measure market participants' emotions.

• Designed specifically for the cryptocurrency market, this indicator is determined by combining the volatility, market momentum, volume, and mood expressed on social media.

• Learn how to read the market's emotions when it is very fearful or extremely greedy.

• Market players might benefit from keeping a close watch on the index while making choices.

Fear and Greed in the Crypto Markets

The acronym "FUD," which stands for "fear, uncertainty, and doubt," is often used in the jargon of the cryptocurrency industry to refer to false information or propaganda that is intended to discredit a particular cryptocurrency asset, platform, or project. This material is designed to play on one of the most primal feelings humans experience: fear.

Misinterpreting specific negative information, such as market corrections, and attributing it to incorrect reasons may be an unintended form of spreading false information and fear (FUD).A famous illustration of this phenomenon is when certain individuals respond to a drop in the crypto market that follows a wider economic slowdown by declaring that cryptocurrency has been eradicated. Fear, uncertainty, and doubt (FUD) tend to spread like wildfire, and with the rise of online communities, this can be very bad for individual projects.

FUD may also be purposeful and coordinated by people or organizations that stand to benefit from it, such as rivals of a project or large-scale investors (sometimes known as "whales"), who may occasionally employ FUD to influence markets. It is important to note that this behavior might have serious repercussions in many countries under the law.

What Is a Fear and Greed Index?

Let's begin by gaining an understanding of the role that fear and greed play in the financial markets.

Fear

In a nutshell, market players tend to be scared of losing their money when fear is the predominant emotion in the market. They could decide to sell their assets because they are concerned about the stability of the market and the value of their token holdings. In addition to this, this may prompt some investors to begin short selling these assets in the hope of profiting from the fearful feelings in the market.

Fear is often connected with falling markets or asset values. This loss may be due to macroeconomic issues such as inflation, recession, economic crises, or geopolitical concerns; asset-specific factors such as falling prices of particular commodities like a reduction in the price of oil and gas; or unfavorable publicity for a cryptocurrency project that causes its token price to collapse.

Greed

On the other hand, when greed is the dominating emotion, market players have a tendency to amass more assets and make every effort to ensure that they do not lose out on the opportunities for profits that may be presented to them. When this occurs, it is because the markets and assets are moving in an upward direction. A different kind of dread often accompanies greed, popularly referred to as FOMO (an acronym for the phrase "fear of missing out"). The people in this market are worried that they won't be able to take advantage of upcoming chances.

The Fear & Greed Index

CNN Money pioneered the concept of using fear and greed as market indicators, and the original Fear & Greed Index was a crucial market indicator that measured the impact of these two human emotions on the stock market. The index aimed to determine if certain markets or assets were trading above or below their supposed value because of greed or fear.

The Fear & Greed Index is shown as a spectrum, with one end for extreme fear and the other for extreme greed.

The CNN Fear & Greed Index used a number of indicators to determine the prevalence of fear and greed in the stock markets as well as the degree to which each emotion was present. On the other hand, not all of these considerations are relevant to cryptocurrency markets, which are exceptional in a variety of ways. Because of this, it has become necessary to create a Fear and Greed Index that is unique to cryptocurrencies.

How Is the Traditional Fear & Greed Index Calculated?

When CNN Money built the first version of its index, the following stock market-related factors were taken into account:

• Stock price momentum. The index is shown below when compared to a moving average of 125 days.

• The strength of the stock price. Compare the number of stocks whose prices have reached an all-time high in the last year to the number of stocks whose prices have reached an all-time low in the past year.

• Trading volumes. The trading volumes of stocks are increasing compared to those that are decreasing.

• Choose between the put and call options. The more put options there are, the more anxiety there is, and the more greed there is.

• Junk bond demand. A higher demand for bonds that come with a higher default risk is often indicative of greed.

• Market volatility. According to a moving average over the last 50 days,

• Safe haven demand. The difference in yields between stocks and treasuries, such as sovereign bonds and other types of government bonds,

As you can see, most of these things do not immediately apply to the cryptocurrency markets.

How Is a Crypto Fear & Greed Index Calculated?

After that, a number of other cryptocurrency indexes were produced, such as the one that was created by Alternative.me. This index makes use of the following weighted data sources:

• Volatility (25%). The current volatility of the market and average values compared to the last 30 and 90 days are as follows: The greater the potential for adverse outcomes, the greater the level of anxiety.

• Volume and market momentum (25%). When compared to the purchase and sales volumes of the previous thirty and ninety days, Greater purchase quantities in comparison to the recent past are indicative of increased greed.

• Social media (15%). The interest in Bitcoin throughout social media platforms, the number of interactions across social media, and the atmosphere generally

• Surveys (15%). I am gathering the feedback of customers and potential buyers.

• Dominance (10%). The rise of Bitcoin as the dominant currency is often accompanied by anxiety.

• Trends (10%). Trends in Google search results

How Do You Read a Crypto Fear and Greed Index?

The Fear and Greed Index provides a scale that encompasses the whole gamut of human emotions. Between the extremes of fear and greed, there is a range of possible values, with fear being the highest possible value and greed being the lowest.

The Index is regularly updated based on how it was calculated and where the data came from so that it can show both the most recent and past numbers.

In the Index, each numerical number is accompanied by a description of how it should be interpreted. For instance, it is possible to display "27 – Fear" or "85 – Extreme Greed."

Using the Fear and Greed Index

The Fear and Greed Index ought to be seen by cryptocurrency traders as one of several indicators that they use in their decision-making process rather than as a single decisive factor. It's important to know that relying on a single signal won't give you enough information to make an informed decision.

By reading both the index's current value and its recent historical values, one may determine not only the present mood of the market but also the direction in which it is heading. This can be done with the use of an index.

Detecting Fear

For instance, if the index shows a growing fear sentiment during recent weeks (e.g., with changes from "48-Dread" in the previous month to "30-High Fear" the preceding week to "23-Extreme Fear" to date), this implies that, according to the index, the overall attitude is scared and that the trend thus far has been towards increased fear.

This means that more market players are selling their assets, that the market is moving in a bad direction, and that there is a chance that some assets are trading at a price that is lower than what they are thought to be worth.

Detecting Greed

If, on the other hand, the index reveals extreme greed and has been trending toward a more greedy state over the past few weeks, this indicates that greed is the dominant emotion, markets are currently moving in an upwards or bullish direction, and certain assets may be trading at a price that is higher than their supposed value.

It is essential to have a solid understanding of the fact that these indicators only represent the feelings of certain market players and are not accurate predictors of how the market will perform in the future. A "herd mentality" in which one blindly follows the emotions of the market without paying attention to other vital signs is another mistake that must be avoided at all costs. If market players fail to see the warning indications of an impending shift in market circumstances, they might find themselves in a precarious financial position. Excessive fear or extreme greed are two emotions that can serve this purpose.

The Crypto Fear and Greed Indexes provide a check of the market's pulse that may be used, together with other indicators, to better understand the market's current state.

That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com

X: @croxroadnews

Instagram: @croxroadnews.co

Youtube: @croxroadnews

Store: https://croxroad.store

Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter

https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe

DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

Entra in campo con Bitget nella spettacolare promozione Messi #MakeItCount 2024! Dal 23 al 30 gennaio, fai parte della nostra squadra e gioca per vincere un montepremi eccezionale di 30.000 BGB e fantastici biglietti per le entusiasmanti partite dell’Inter Miami al DRV PNK Stadium! Come segnare punti? - 🌐 Registrati alla promozione: 10 crediti - 💰 Effettua depositi netti: Accumula crediti con depositi sopra 100, 1.000, e 10.000 USDT! - 🔄 Fai trading con Spot e Futures: Aumenta il tuo punteggio con volumi di trading entusiasmanti! - 🤝 Invita amici a unirsi: Guadagna crediti extra e moltiplica le tue possibilità! 🚀 Montepremi da Campioni: - 🏆 Utenti Registrati: Da 5.000 a 30.000 BGB, sbloccati con la partecipazione crescente! Premi per i Top Performers: - 🥇 Primi 20: Il 50% del montepremi è tuo! - 🥈 21°-50°: Aggiudicati il 30% del montepremi! - 🥉 51°-100°: Il 20% del montepremi è nella tua squadra! Fai ogni momento contare con la passione di Messi e Bitget! Partecipa ora per vincere con stile e determinazione! ⚽💹

@ 51aeb349:8d28f566

https://www.youtube.com/live/8ppluG9lPYI?si=IMqIDBCR8WCKZg3N 大约一年前就发生过类似情况，一杯咖啡的事，战狗们学着点。

@ d6dc9554:d0593a0c

This post is inspired by a road trip through Italy a few years ago when we were listening to a local radio station and a portuguese song started playing. At first, we didn't understand why a portuguese song was playing on a local Italian radio station, but two minutes later we found out. It was a radio show called "Songs with History" and that day it was José Afonso's turn with the song "Grândola, Vila Morena".

---

Grândola, Vila Morena

"Grândola, Vila Morena" (English: Grândola, Swarthy Town) is a Portuguese song by singer-songwriter José Afonso, recorded in 1971. It was originally released in Afonso's 1971 album Cantigas do Maio and later released in an EP of the same name in 1973, and as a single in 1977.

"Grândola, Vila Morena" became an iconic song in Portugal after being used as a radio-broadcast signal by the Portuguese Armed Forces Movement during their military coup operation in the morning of 25 April 1974, which led to the Carnation Revolution and the transition to democracy in Portugal. It has since been considered a symbol of the revolution and anti-fascism.

... read more

Lyric

``` Grândola, Swarthy Town Land of fraternity The people are the ones who order Within you, o city! Within you, o city The people are the ones who order Land of fraternity Grândola, Swarthy Town!

In every corner a friend In every face equality Grândola, Swarthy Town Land of fraternity! Land of fraternity

Grândola, Swarthy Town In every face equality The people are the ones who order!

Under the shadow of an oak tree That no longer knew its age I swore to have as my companion Grândola, your will! Grândola, your will I swore to have as my companion Under the shadow of an oak tree That no longer knew its age ```

The song is a celebration of the values of fraternity, equality, and popular sovereignty. It is a call to action for the people to unite and take control of their own destiny. The song is set in the town of Grândola, Portugal, which is known for its long history of resistance to oppression.

The first verse of the song introduces Grândola as a land of fraternity and equality. The people are the ones who are in charge, and they are united in their desire for a better future.

The second verse describes the people of Grândola as being friendly and equal. They are all working together to create a better community.

The third verse repeats the message of the first verse, emphasizing the importance of popular sovereignty. The people are the ones who should be in charge, and they should not be afraid to stand up for what they believe in.

The fourth verse is a more personal reflection on the singer's relationship with Grândola. He has sworn to be a companion to the town, and he will always stand by its side.

The song "Grândola, Vila Morena" is a powerful anthem of freedom and hope. It is a reminder that the people have the power to change their own destiny.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaLWqy4e7ls

@ cce0989b:b497e608

True change happens in these small moments where you pause and consciously choose a new approach.

In the moment, it might seem inconsequential — but what's happening inside of you is profound. You are slowly (but surely!) cultivating a new way of being, replacing old patterns and instincts with new ones that are more aligned with your values, hopes and self.

When you are able to choose a response over a reaction, pause and celebrate yourself. What an incredible accomplishment!

And when you can't quite find your way into your new response, remember that this is just a part of the process of growth. Treating yourself with compassion will make it far easier for you to wake up tomorrow and try again.

@ 9a906572:b246ebe7

This summer is a bit too noisy with its heat, and the cicadas outside the window are also making a ruckus. Last month, I visited a mountain village in Hainan. From a small village boasting five generations of scholars to a specialized tech development zone, from century-old banyan trees to Wenchang chicken, I've been sightseeing every year, but today's experience was quite unique.

Heatwaves have yet to subside, and new challenges emerge.

Every ten years a connection is made, mostly to keep emotions at bay.

Today, let's discuss what is called "Incentive-Minimization". This term has emerged in the past few years, specifically in the crypto and decentralized industry regarding incentives. It incorporates specific terminologies, such as the economic concept of incentive compatibility (@V@) and the absence of incentives in open-source organizations.

In the Mechanism Design theory established by Hurwiez, "incentive compatibility" means: in a market economy, every rational individual has a selfish side, and their personal behavior follows selfish rules. If there's a system in which individuals pursuing personal gain aligns perfectly with the enterprise maximizing collective value, then such a system is "incentive compatible".

"Incentive-Minimization", on the other hand, challenges this assumption of rational agents. It assumes that not only do rational individuals have selfish rules in a low-trust environment, but there are also legitimate organizational rules for non-selfish behavior. The goal is to achieve a more harmonious organizational consensus. However, the current definition of "Incentive-Minimization" isn't precise.

Let's explain this term from different perspectives:

Technological Dimension: "Incentive-Minimization" can be computed. It refers to the idea that nodes within the system might not be designed primarily based on individual self-interest. Or to put it another way, is there a mechanism in the design of the interplay between individual and whole, individual and part, part and whole, that allows nodes that adhere to the system's overall rules to have an advantage? This advantage isn't achieved using current economic incentives. If we don't view the system merely as a system but as an organization of machines, we can anthropomorphize the design. By prioritizing certain dimensions, nodes that contribute to the system's overall legitimacy might have a competitive edge, motivating other nodes to do the same. Of course, these individual nodes will have their incentives, but compared to the current design of Crypto, these incentives might be weaker, even to the point of insufficiency.

Economic Dimension: The boundaries of "Incentive-Minimization" and incentive compatibility are different. While incentive compatibility suits traditional enterprises, if we include public organizations (like Org3) and expand these boundaries, it becomes challenging to ensure individual and enterprise goals align in a free market. "Incentive-Minimization" is more favorable for these new types of organizations. From day one, it seeks a harmonious, diversified incentive mechanism within the economic realm for such semi-public entities.

In summary, "Incentive-Minimization" is designed for new organizations with public characteristics. Their objectives are diverse, so their economic models might be more open, and from a traditional economics perspective, their incentive mechanism might seem insufficient.

It's crucial to note that "Incentive-Minimization" is not the absence of incentives, nor is it "delayed gratification" from the past. From an economic standpoint, there are rules ensuring expected-consistency with "Incentive-Minimization". However, because they occur in different dimensions, these incentive mechanisms might seem diminished in the short term.

Let's return to the organizational rules themselves. The principle of Incentive-Minimization to some extent combines the rules of DAOs that overly pursue automated incentives and the overly idealistic rules of open-source organizations. From some perspectives, it's more suitable for the current stage of new organizational practices. Looking back, the incentive compatibility of company organizations in the past had certain limitations. The incentives of the new organizations can break these boundaries. However, if it's merely about economic incentive compatibility, then the demands on practitioners of new organizations are very high.

This leads to a whole new anthropomorphic design where the organization is closer to a naturally evolving symbiotic organization. Clearly, the organization encourages contributions in non-economic dimensions. This quantifiable consensus index might be consistent at least locally.

Indeed, the "Incentive-Minimization" mechanism might be more inclusive for reforms of the mechanism. If we assume that the mechanism on the first day is imperfect, then subsequent iterations might gradually deepen organizational consensus. However, moving from many to few incentives might be problematic.

From a practical perspective, the "Incentive-Minimization" mechanism is better able to inspire a spirit of sacrifice and a sense of public atmosphere. From this perspective, it has some similarities to Satoshi Nakamoto's principles. "Incentive-Minimization" encourages everyone to reach a consistent contribution and public nature without completely detaching from reality. It can fully rely on external organizations to achieve individual incentives, while the internal organization focuses more on public nature and contributions.

Simply put, new organizations use limited economic incentives to exchange for multi-dimensional consensus-based incentives, thereby increasing organizational public nature. To some extent, this "Incentive-Minimization" principle is suitable for the new organizational form of Org3 we mentioned before. A more open, pluralistic, layered, and multi-dimensional organization will naturally inspire new incentive paradigms.

On a deeper level, "Incentive-Minimization" is ambiguous and natural. It's an incentive mechanism that, from day one, integrates individuals and the collective. This goes beyond anthropomorphic design; it's more holistic, which we can term as "拟体化 (Mimeticism)". This deep design ensures the equality of the subjects, where subjects are equal to each other and strongly interconnected, ensuring an ambiguity similar to "me and us." "Incentive-Minimization" strictly ensures equality, regardless of the past, present, or future, different social classes, economic levels, or cultural standards. All are guaranteed deep equality within the organization, breaking inherent cultural boundaries, blurring the boundaries between different subjects like "me and us." In many ways, "Incentive-Minimization" is still a concept, but the pursuit of overall harmony is rooted in the new organizational concept from day one. (We will elaborate on this part separately later.)

In summary, the "Incentive-Minimization" mechanism is different from incentive compatibility. It's more pluralistic, holistic, natural, ambiguous, and a computable incentive mechanism with a more anthropomorphic design. This type of organization will inspire a multi-dimensional openness. Coupled with the explosion of productive tools, it indeed makes the imminent arrival of our decentralized society even more anticipated.

In conclusion, I hope for: "All Buddhas of the past, present, and future always remember their original intent."

(Huayan Sutra)

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Wrapped Bitcoin is an ERC-20 token that is linked to BTC. It allows users to engage in decentralized applications (dapps) and decentralized finance (DeFi). Find out the specifics of how it operates.

Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency ever created, and as such, it provides its users with a number of fantastic benefits. It has no central authority, is entirely transparent, and uses open source software. Nevertheless, it took place prior to the development of smart contract technology for its blockchain to be created. Because of this, it is now difficult for Bitcoin users to immediately take use of the most recent decentralized applications, often known as dapps.

Wrapped bitcoin, also known as wBTC, is a potential solution to this issue. It is Bitcoin that has been "wrapped" in Ethereum, which makes it compatible with the smart contracts that Ethereum uses.

To put it another way, WBTC is an Ethereum smart contract token that adheres to the ERC-20 standard and follows the price of Bitcoin. This means that WBTC may be bought with Bitcoin at a ratio of 1:1.

Key Takeaways

• The Bitcoin blockchain was designed specifically for use with the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Wrapped Bitcoin is a token that operates on the Ethereum platform and has its value directly linked to that of Bitcoin.

• Wrapped bitcoin is an ERC-20 token that follows Bitcoin, which makes it simple for holders to benefit from the most recent decentralized applications (dapps).

• Wrapped Bitcoin also has a wide variety of applications inside the DeFi domain, such as yield farming.

What is the Difference Between Wrapped Bitcoin and Bitcoin?

Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2009, blockchain technology has seen significant development. The development of "smart contracts," "Proof of Stake" (PoS) consensus methods, and other other advancements, amongst others, have ushered in an era of fresh opportunities for blockchain technology. However, Bitcoin owners are out in the cold when it comes to the most recent DeFi and GameFi programs since Bitcoin does not support interoperability.

Wrapped bitcoin was developed as a solution to this problem. It provides bitcoin owners with a mechanism to utilize their money on the Ethereum blockchain, which is home to more than 3,000 decentralized applications (dapps). Therefore, wrapped bitcoin aims to provide the same level of value as Bitcoin while also providing the flexibility of a token based on Ethereum.

Bitcoin

The Bitcoin blockchain is the decentralized ledger that is unique to Bitcoin, which is the biggest cryptocurrency in terms of market capitalization. Bitcoin's value has been volatile ever since the digital currency was introduced in 2009, but it has remained the most widely used digital money. Even large corporations like Starbucks and PayPal have begun to accept Bitcoin as a form of payment. On the other hand, decentralized applications (dapps) are difficult to implement using Bitcoin's blockchain since it does not support smart contracts.

Wrapped Bitcoin

Wrapped Bitcoin, on the other hand, is a kind of digital money that was developed specifically for use with the Ethereum blockchain right from the start. Wrapped bitcoin allows users to exchange their Bitcoin for the ERC-20 token standard known as wBTC. This allows wBTC to monitor the price of Bitcoin while also benefiting from the benefits of the Ethereum network.

This enables holders of BTC to more readily take advantage of the most recent chances offered by DeFi. Wrapped Bitcoin was first created by BitGo, Ren, and Kyber, but it is currently maintained by the wBTC DAO (decentralized autonomous organisation), which is an organization with over 30 members. On the other hand, Wrapped bitcoin is governed by an organization, although a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), in contrast to Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency that operates without any centralized authority.

How Does Wrapped Bitcoin Work?

On the Crypto.com Exchange, Bitcoin owners may trade their Bitcoin for a matching amount of wBTC at a 1:1 ratio. The mechanism behind Wrapped Bitcoin stores the Bitcoins in return for the wBTC that is produced. In order to ensure that there is a one-to-one correlation between wrapped bitcoin and bitcoin if a user wishes to convert their wrapped bitcoin back into bitcoin, the wBTC must be burnt.

What Can You Do With Wrapped Bitcoin?

Bitcoin is a crypto currency, meaning its applications are restricted to functioning as a medium of exchange and a storage facility for value. Bitcoins that have been wrapped provide increased functionality.

Wrapped bitcoin, which is an ERC-20 token, may be used for a wide number of purposes, including the following:

• Provides Liquidity to DEXs: Bitcoin holders now have the chance to simply offer liquidity to decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and enjoy the advantages of doing so thanks to the addition of WBTC to the Bitcoin ecosystem. Popular decentralized exchanges (DEXs) like Uniswap and VVS are two examples of exchanges that may be accessed straight from the Crypto.com DeFi Wallet.

• Yield Farming: There has been a proliferation of DeFi lending services in the cryptocurrency market over the course of the last several years. wBTC holders are able to participate in various liquidity pools and receive profits on their investments. Tectonic is a prime example of a lending platform natively connected with the Cronos ecosystem.

• Borrows Against wBTC: If you are interested in obtaining a cryptocurrency loan, you may use wBTC as collateral on cryptocurrency exchanges located in your country that provide lending services.

Conclusion

wBTC is an excellent option to consider using if you are someone who believes in Bitcoin but also want to benefit from the most recent developments in dapps and DeFi chances. You can watch the price of Bitcoin while enjoying the functionality of wBTC's smart contracts because its value is connected to Bitcoin.

Within minutes, you'll be able to convert your Bitcoins into Litecoins if you use the Crypto.com Exchange. Learn more by paying a visit to the Exchange.

That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com

X: @croxroadnews

Instagram: @croxroadnews.co

Youtube: @croxroadnews

Store: https://croxroad.store

Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter

https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe

DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

⚽️ Un passo alla volta, avvicinati al tuo obiettivo…

⚽️ Bitget crede che nessun progresso sia troppo piccolo per essere trascurato. Ogni passo, sia da Bitget che da Messi, si accumula per raggiungere qualcosa di grande. Così come la carriera di Messi è stata un esempio di crescita continua, sviluppo e raggiungimento della grandezza attraverso un impegno costante, Bitget opera con la stessa mentalità. Insieme, sono il simbolo di come il progresso graduale possa portare a risultati notevoli e, in ultima analisi, plasmare il futuro della finanza.

⚽️ La perseveranza premia. L’impegno incalcolabile che Lionel Messi ha dimostrato nei confronti della sua passione è una prova inconfutabile della potenza della perseveranza. La partnership con Bitget cerca di infondere questo stesso spirito indomito, che spinge gli individui a superare gli ostacoli e a risollevarsi dalle sconfitte.

⚽️ La passione positiva è ciò che guida. Il momento arriva per chi sa aspettare, così come i grandi risultati sono per coloro che si allenano e si fanno valere.

⚽️ Guarda il nuovo video creato per la partnership al link: https://www.bitget.com/it/messi-partnership

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

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@ aac4dba1:a0fcf2d0

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@ 58f61bfe:4cf0b96f

professional dreamer is not my name. It is a job title, hence the small case. After all, our identity is defined by the answer to the 'what do you do' question. Isn't it?

I am a dreamer. Nobody wants my job. I live in an open office filled with empty chairs, occasionally occupied by stray savages like yourself. It rather resembles a cinema theatre. If you are reading this, You have just entered through the fourth wall.

Welcome, soul.

In my line of work, one achieves unimpressive success if measured by the ever-accelerating whirlpool of media society's mind. I am an invisible, a nobody, ignored and unpaid. Stuck here forever with a lifetime contract of a second-class fool who cannot be taken seriously. But the job perks or so-called benefits are dreamy. First and foremost, I enjoy absolute freedom - a rare privilege.

Anything is possible.

I hereby make the executive decision to flip the Coin and turn my ultimate weakness into my ultimate strength.

Dreaming, mo chara, is the single most under-appreciated human superpower.

It all starts with a dream.

Hail to heroes of our times, of various realms, who openly dream(ed) for a living - Einstein, Spielberg, Lynch. They are no obscure figures, you might argue. But is their success attributed to their capacity to dream? It must indeed have been some other quality that propelled them into the spotlight.

Nobody normal ever accomplished anything meaningful in this world. (Jonathan Byers, Stranger Things)

"Lost in a dream?" asks the tax collector. A reality check. "What is reality?" asks the dreamer. A dream check.

Let's flip the Coin again. It rises in a feather-light movement and ...

... freezes in the air.

What can we trust that we really know? How can we possibly stand up to gaslighting and ignorance while stuck in our intermittent state of dream paralysis? When our limited perception of reality is the only thing we can, perchance, go by?

Well, well… morning bell, glorious mind! It's shocker noon. I am here to remind you that awakening matters. Except.

It is precisely the necessary step toward awakening, the realization that we are dreaming in the first place.

Apocryphal appendicitis:

The respectable, useful person who lives in reality

The outcast

I turn my head

Sister hope

Can AI dream? Yet?

Who proclaimed dreaming as their tool of choice

I am sure that according to public opinion

Dreamulation

Blessed Undressed

Delicious

Shameless256

Apart from the fact that nobody's in a hurry to take my job, what has bodyany achieved anyway?

by professional dreamer, block height: 822880

@ cce0989b:b497e608

Everyone wants to feel good — but forcing yourself to feel positive is not the best approach.

Many of us grew up learning to hide or suppress our difficult emotions, forcing ourselves to feel (or appear to feel) positive, optimistic and happy. It’s an attempt to regulate our emotions that frequently ends up backfiring.

As the poet John O’Donohue wrote:

“No sooner have you expelled something that you cannot accept about yourself out the front door than it has made its way in the back door and is waiting for you again. It is a strange thing about consciousness that if you try deliberately to get rid of something or stop thinking about something, you only end up reinforcing it.”

Treating ourselves in this way can even affect our physical health: one 2014 study found that suppressing emotions increased participants’ risk of cancer and premature death.

Instead of forcing it, try this:

First, recognize that your emotions are not good or bad. They just are. They are data to be used, not something that needs to be judged as right or wrong. (Simply letting go of this old story is a huge achievement!) When you stop fighting reality, you can change it.

Second, acknowledge whatever you are feeling. If you can, label it using your words, with phrases like, “I am feeling anger” or “I am experiencing sadness.” As you do, you might want to treat your body with gentleness, taking deep breaths or giving yourself a little hug. Try your best to stay with it until it passes.

Finally, having accepted and allowed the experience, you can look at that emotion for the information contained within it. Is there something you need to do, say, ask for? What is the most compassionate response you can find within you, to yourself and to the situation? What could you learn from this?

One emotional experience at a time, you can change the way you treat yourself.

@ dbe0605a:f8fd5b2c

Nostr for The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

This Sunday, 28.01.2024 at 18:00 - 19:00 UTC we're inviting you to take pare in a very unique #zapathon

Nostrians taking part in this special zapathon that will play in tune with thousands of people playing together with The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity on their 32nd Grand Finale! Hence the name #orchestrathon

The goal of #orchestrathon is to support the goal of this years Grand Finale, which is: funding equipment for diagnosing, monitoring and rehabilitating lung diseases of patients in pulmonology wards for children and adults in Poland

That means all bitcoin from zaps will be converted to PLN and donated to The Great of Christmas Charity foundation.

What's The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity? What is the 32nd Grand Finale?! You'll find all of those answers on Geyser project story, or a few paragraphs below 👇 Now coming back to #orchestrathon...

What Is #Orchestrathon

This Nostr account is a was generated on Geyser and is tied to Geyser project: Bitcoiners support The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

That means all zaps sent to this account are at the same time funding Geyser campaing.

So not only you will contribute to the goal in the project, also all the zap comments will be visable there.

Ain't that crazy? We can use this campaign as one giant #orchestrathon client!

Rules are simple:

1. On Sunday at 18.00 - 19.00 we all connect to our relays to join the #orchestrathon
2. For the whole hour - you can zap this profile, our posts or comments as crazy!
3. At 19.00 it's culmination of both #orchestrathon and Grand Finale

All Nostrians who zap will receive special badges, depending on the zapped amount (in total):

On Sunday there will be lot's of concerts and events happening all day, culminating with Grand Finale closing at 19.00. We will try to launch a stream on zap.stream, so we can enjoy Grand Finale and concerts together!

This #orchestrathon and Geyser fundraise is organised by Dwadzieścia Jeden, a community of polish Bitcoiners. More about us and Proof of Work in the project story 👇

We're not only Bitcoiners, are also Nostrians, follow us: Dwadzieścia Jeden account: @npub1cpmvpsqtzxl4px44dp4544xwgu0ryv2lscl3qexq42dfakuza02s4fsapc

Saunter: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru

Fmar: @npub1xpuz4qerklyck9evtg40wgrthq5rce2mumwuuygnxcg6q02lz9ms275ams

JesterHodl: @npub18s59mqct7se3xkhxr3epkagvuydwtvhpsacj67shrta8eknynegqttz5c3

Tomek K: @npub14wxtsrj7g2jugh70pfkzjln43vgn4p7655pgky9j9w9d75u465pqvagcye

Tom Chojnacki: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru

Gracjan Pietras: @npub1trkudtnp7jg3tmy4sz8mepmgs5wdxk9x2esgts25mgkyecrse7js6ptss5

Tomek Waszczyk @npub1ah8phwmfyl2lakr23kt95kea3yavpt4m3cvppawuwkatllnrm4eqtuwdmk

Original Geyser project story

Saving Lives and Preserving Health

Dwadzieścia Jeden a polish node in decentralised bitcoin communities network Twenty One, is proud to facilitate bitcoin fundraising for the biggest, non-governmental, non-profit, charity in Poland — The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity.

For the past 31 years, GOCC continuously fundraises money for pediatric and elderly care in Poland. Each year, a culmination of the raise occurs during the last Sunday of January in the shape of The Grand Finale — a joyful day that when tens of thousands volunteers worldwide, especially kids and teenagers, go on the streets to gather money for the cause, giving donors hear-shaped stickers with logo of the foundation. If you're in Poland on that day, basically every person you'll meet on the street will proudly wear GOCC heart.

The same hear-shaped stickers can be seen in every hospital in Poland on thousands of high quality medical equipment bought by The Great Orchestra. There is not a single polish family that hasn't benefited in some way from this equipment, and it saved thousands of lives, especially the little ones.

32nd Grand Finale Goal

This year, 32rd Grand Finale will take place on 28th of January. The aim of the 32nd Grand Finale is post-pandemic lung diseases — the raised funds will be used to purchase equipment for children's and adults' respiratory units.

The Foundation plans to purchase:

• equipment for diagnostic imaging, i.a. MRI and ultrasound equipment,

• equipment for functional diagnosis, i.a. polysomnographs and portable spirometers,

• equipment for endoscopic diagnosis, i.a. navigational bronchoscopy systems and bronchoscopes

• equipment for rehabilitation - equipment for pulmonary rehabilitation used in the treatment of patients after lung transplantation

• equipment for thoracic surgery, e.g. electrocoagulation systems and cryoprobes.

The Great Orchestra of Proof of Work

• 31 years of non-stop fundraising for state-of-the-art saving life equipment, running medical and educational programmes and humanitarian aid

• 2 billion PLN or ~11,781 BTC raised in total

• Areas of help: children's cardiac surgery, oncology, geriatrics, neonatology, children's nephrology, children's and young people's mental health services, ambulances for children's hospitals, volunteer firefighters & search & rescue units

• Last year Grand Finale raised over PLN 240 million (1,410 BTC) for a goal to fight sepsis

• You can check how money from 2022 report (224 376 706 PLN or ~1,321.69 BTC) raise were spent here (although it's in polish)

• In addition to work focused on Poland, GOCC fundraised money for hospitals in Ukraine and provided substantial humanitarian aid for Ukrainian refugees, Polish-Belarusian border crisis, Turkey earthquake victims and more

• GOCC is the most-trusted Polish organization and is at the top of the list as the most trusted public entities in Poland

What We'll Do With Gathered Funds

Gathered bitcoin will be converted to PLN by a polish exchange Quark and donated to The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity after The Grand Finale which takes place on January 28th.

Dwadzieścia Jeden Proof of Work

We're a group of polish pleb Bitcoiners that started organising ourselves about 2 years ago.

Our activities include:

• organising regular bitcoin meetups in several cities in Poland, also Nostr meetup in Warsaw

• organising Bitcoin FilmFest and European Halving Party in Warsaw

• orangepilling and maintaining map of polish bitcoin merchants in Poland on btcmap.org

• translating bitcoin FOSS to polish language

• writing and translating articles to polish

• giving talks on bitcoin

• volounteering for helping with bitcoin payments and running bitcoin workshops on non-conferences (eg. Weekend of Capitalism)

• working in human rights centered NGOs and promoting bitcoin as a tool for protecting human rights

• ...and we're just starting!

Find Out More

• Official GOCC website

• Wikipedia page about GOCC

Gallery

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

We've reached the exciting portion of the market when crypto assets have lost value equivalent to billions of dollars, and individuals are scurrying about trying to come up with reasons why it still has worth.

Many of these arguments are extremely cringeworthy efforts to replicate the new technology onto old paradigms in a masochistic form of skeuomorphism. This sort of skeuomorphism is something that would only be envisioned by marketers and influencers who have never invented the kind of technology they are LARPing as creators of. "Facebook could give everyone a META token, and you earn more of it when you get Likes, and you can cash it out for ETH and..." "Facebook could offer everyone a META token and earn more of it when you get Likes"

It's still early for crypto. An agonizingly early hour. If you have ever used any of the several kinds of apps that I discuss in this email, then you are aware that the user experience is often quite poor. Because of your carelessness, you run the risk of losing all of your money. If you choose a token at random, there is a far greater chance that it is a fraud or a shitcoin than that it is anything real. In addition, we are still five to 10 years away from anything even remotely approaching the general acceptance of anything other than HODL and speculative gaming.

However, this does not imply that there is nothing to be found there. It's possible that cryptocurrency and the blockchain technology it's based on may usher in a new era of the Internet; however, this is something that will take some time to come to fruition. In addition, to understand this potential, it is useful to examine some of the big paradigm changes that have occurred in technology in the past and determine what we can learn from them.

Let's begin with mobile, shall we? The rise of mobile technology made it possible for:

• A novel method of connecting with computers that takes place in the physical world (small touch screens)

• Using cameras, new ways to engage with computers using other senses, such as acoustic, kinetic, and visual.

• Mobility, in the sense that you were no longer chained to an office

We were able to generate an enormous quantity of innovation with just those three elements. An amount the outcome of which would have been difficult to guess if you had just that list to use as a place of departure. Uber need portable computing devices. Without the cameras, there would be no such thing as Snapchat or Instagram. Kinetic sensors were necessary for fitness app development. Both podcasts and audiobooks need portable laptops with sound capabilities. However, none of these applications is clear when looking at the fundamental collection of inventions.

The Internet makes things much less complicated. What exactly did it accomplish? You might summarize it on the most fundamental level by saying that computers can now communicate with one another. To make use of a procedure that is resident on a computer, it is not necessary for you to be physically in front of the computer. And all of this came about as a result of just one simple invention.

If you were there when they first started wiring computers together, and you said something like, "One day this simple innovation is going to let people make millions of dollars selling pictures of their feet to strangers," Al Gore would tell you to "please put on some shoes and get out of my office." However, this is exactly what the Internet accomplished!

Okay, let's move on to the next topic, which is crypto. Let's begin with the capabilities that blockchain, cryptocurrency, and web3 technology genuinely provide.

Once we have this information, we will be able to consider what it may enable us to do in the future, while keeping in mind that there will likely be many things on the same level as feet pics and Postmates that we will not be able to anticipate.

What Crypto Technology Actually Does

What Crypto Technology Actually Does To continue with the idea of the utmost simplicity from the previous section, what is crypto technology enabling?

Blockchain technology underpins cryptocurrencies and the "Web3" concept as a whole. The other thing you can do with a blockchain is run decentralized apps perpetually.

They are considered eternal because to the fact that once the blockchain is operational, they will continue to operate indefinitely. In contrast to a Web2 application, you are not required to continue "hosting" the application in this scenario. In addition to this, they are decentralized since they operate in every location at the same time.

It is essential to emphasize that crypto is an invention on the backend, analogous to the very first Internet innovation. This is in stark contrast to mobile, which was an innovation on the user experience side of things. We are still in the early skeuomorphic phase of crypto application development, similar to how the initial online pages seemed to be a lot like pages from a newspaper or magazine when they were translated into a computer screen. The front end is still behind the back end in terms of progress.

There are other advantages to using blockchain technology, such as the legibility of activities and the possibility of access being democratized; nevertheless, these advantages are not the primary offering of the new technology. The repercussions and applications of it are those. The essence of the new technology may be summed up in permanently distributed apps. That was something that was previously beyond of our reach.

So, how exactly can we put it to use?

Current Uses of Perpetual Decentralized Applications (PDAs)

When it comes to cryptocurrency, I do my best to have a somewhat level head, but right now, at least 90 percent of it is complete bullshit. Maybe more like 95-99%.

However, certain practical use cases are being implemented right now that are pretty impressive and provide a valid argument for the utility of blockchain technology.

However, I feel it's important to point out that if you reside in the United States or another more developed nation, you could find some of them to be laughable. Consider what it's like to live in a country where there isn't a reliable banking system, where inflation is rampant, and/or where corruption is rampant, and then look at these benefits through that lens. I would encourage you to spend some time investigating what it's like to live in such a country.

Having said that, I suppose you don't have to think too hard about it since the United States has a respectable inflation rate and crooked politicians who are becoming wealthy off of insider knowledge.

Digital Gold

The first really revolutionary use of blockchain technology was Bitcoin. There was no method to establish a worldwide digital trustless hard monetary asset until the invention of blockchain technology.

Investing in gold via exchange-traded funds (ETFs) is possible if you are a resident of the United States or many other countries. However, you are still placing your faith on another organization to redeem that ETF, and the government or a bank has the ability to seize it or limit your access to it simply.

Everyone in the world has access to Bitcoin, thus anybody can purchase it. Since it is entirely digital, there is no need for you to keep it. It is a hard monetary asset because to the fixed supply limit, and it is trustless because the network is constructed in such a manner that you do not have to trust a third party to respect your bitcoin the way that you do in the ETF case (the whitepaper is worth reading to understand this).

Before the development of blockchain technology, it was not conceivable to produce anything on the same technical level as Bitcoin. On the other hand, this implementation of blockchain technology is also one of the most straightforward and straightforward. It's comparable to the layer of the internet that handles instant messaging. And it's rather dull. Who else outside your grandparents and that one guy you went to college with who purchased a 100-acre ranch in Texas to prepare for the entire collapse of society that is certainly going to come next year just you wait gets enthused about gold?

So, what else is happening in the here and now?

Digital Currency

Because people dislike spending their bitcoins and because there are costs associated with transactions, Satoshi's vision of a "peer-to-peer electronic currency system" is very unlikely to ever become a reality with bitcoin.

Stablecoins are offering a digital monetary system that is being provided by other blockchains, which is fortunate. Stablecoins such as USDC and Tether provide everybody in the globe a method to send and receive US Dollars, representing a significant advancement over the traditional banking system used in most parts of the world. Even in the United States, transferring $25,000 worth of USDC over a weekend makes wire transfers appear like prehistoric cave drawings.

It's true that you won't be able to get anything with your stablecoins in the real world (unless you use a Juno debit card). In the majority of locations, however, you will still be required to convert it into the local currency, which may come at a cost.

Even though it is still very early, the innovation in global digital money is pretty astounding. This is despite the fact that it is still very early.

Digital Ownership & “Property Rights”

Before the advent of permanent decentralized apps, there was no way to create anything on the internet and ensure that a particular person would "own" it forever.

ICANN retains the authority to revoke domain names. It is possible that Substack may terminate this blog's service. It's possible that your Twitter account may be deleted. It's possible that Instagram may delete some of your images.

You can only rent on the internet that was around before blockchain. You can own things in a manner arguably superior to Title rights in a developed country if you have code that can exist everywhere forever and does not need the help of a trustworthy third party. After all, the government continues to be your landlord for the property you occupy.

At the moment, the primary areas of interest for digital ownership are works of art, photos of monkeys, and ENS domains. On the other hand, if you looked at the Lightsaber app and the Beer-pouring app that were available for the iPhone in 2009 and concluded that "see, apps are all dumb!" you would have missed the point. It is thrilling that we now have digital property rights, even if we don't know what all will be done with them. However, the fact that we now have them is fairly exciting.

Decentralized Lending & Borrowing

I could get a loan for USDC against my ETH, move the money to my Juno bank account, and use it to purchase a vehicle within approximately five minutes.

My interest rate would be about 2% to 3%, I wouldn't have to sign any loan documents, I wouldn't have to go through any type of screening, no one would need to check my credit score, and the process would be completely hassle-free.

That is so fucking awesome it hurts. Because you can't use the object as security as you can with a vehicle or house loan, this method is inefficient to some degree. And sure, you will need a significant amount of cryptocurrency to make this method practical for expensive transactions. It still amazes me that I can get a substantial loan like that, transfer the money to my bank account, and use it to purchase stuff. That was something I could easily accomplish on my phone while I was in the toilet at the dealership.

Again, if you are affluent in the United States, you could be thinking something along the lines of "well, I can obtain a portfolio line of credit with my bank too; so what?" But keep in mind that most people do not live in the United States or other countries with developed financial markets. Also, keep in mind that the bank has the ability to confiscate the money, change the interest rate they charge you, and worry about your credit score; doing business with them would be considerably less convenient.

At this time, you can only use other cryptocurrencies as collateral; nevertheless, we are only in the beginning stages of development. Lightsaber duels and beer pong are on the agenda. MakerDAO is already hard at work on developing a system that would allow real-world assets to be used on-chain as collateral. Many teams are currently developing on-chain versions of public business equities. The number of assets that can be transferred or mirrored on-chain will increase, which means that the number of items that can be leveraged will also increase dramatically.

Single Sign-On

Single sign-on is something that Web2 businesses like Facebook and Google have been working on for years in an attempt to make it a standard feature. It was maybe five or six years ago when it first started to gain popularity, but as everyone understood that if they deleted their Facebook or Google account, they would lose access to everything, the trend began to decline in popularity.

But cryptocurrency programs are built from the ground up to support single sign-on since you often do not need to establish an account in order to use them; instead, you just link your wallet. It is a better method to have an account on a website without having to give them a means to spam you, but this is such a different experience that you will need to simply try it to grasp it. You will need to try it in order to understand it.

Other Decentralized Financial Activities

DEXes, Options trading, Perpetuals, and other financial tools and primitives are also being built as PDAs. However, this is fairly technical financial stuff and rather speculation heavy, so I'm going to leave it out because it is less appealing to the general interest in "why does crypto matter." The preceding content is more intriguing to consider.

In any case, isn't this a rather small list? Critics of cryptocurrency aren't entirely off base when they say that the technology is "useless," as this example demonstrates. Although it doesn't accomplish much at the moment, these few items do provide some insight into what may be in store for the future. Consequently, let's proceed to investigate that.

Future Uses and Benefits of PDAs

All of these build on the technology that was discussed before and the advantages that came with it. I'm only going to allow it to be used for things that either:

• Could not be accomplished without the use of blockchain technology

• Would be a lot worse if blockchain technology wasn't around (akin to Postmates on a phone vs. IBM mainframe)

A mishmash of ideas is shown below; feel free to add any more in the comments section.

Cashing Out Value Locked in Various Silos

One example of this is seen in the medium of video games, and I've written quite a bit about cryptogaming (and critically). However, any digital economy or ecosystem that already has some type of internal value may employ cryptocurrencies to make it possible to convert that value into other currencies. This is one area in which the power of decentralized exchanges that include permissionless token listings may be used to its full potential.

In addition to video games, this might also be implemented in the form of loyalty points for hotels, airlines, and other businesses, gift cards, or even coupons.

Subverting the Credit Card / Stripe Tax

Every firm that takes credit cards must ultimately fork out a tax of between 2 and 4 percentage points to Stripe or their credit card processor. You may not be aware of this subtle fact unless you have just established your own company.

Because this is the only method to take digital payments in your shop, whether online or offline, the payment processors can charge you this tax.

With the digital currency breakthrough, firms may start accepting digital payments without costs. When you consider that the profit margins of many organizations are less than 10%, gaining back 2% to 4% of what you spend is significant. Solana Pay already provides this feature, and it is quite probable that other tools of this kind will become available in the near future.

Streaming Payments & Paychecks

The ability to continually shift tiny sums of money using code is beginning to provide fascinating use cases. It is possible that the concept of receiving a paycheck every two weeks may soon become obsolete, and that individuals would instead have their salaries or hourly wages deposited into their bank accounts as they work.

This paves the way for many additional work settings, such as the ability to charge continually for consulting work rather than having to deal with invoicing before and after the job is completed. It also paves the way for genuine micropayments to be made for activities such as reading a blog, although I have serious doubts about the viability of such use case. I really doubt that it will ever become popular.

Transferable Status & Reputation

If you build a reputation on Twitter, it will be extremely challenging to transfer that reputation to other platforms such as Instagram or YouTube. Because they don't want you to take your audience elsewhere, most social networks will restrict the transmission of material that originates from other social networks.

Following addresses rather than accounts that are compartmentalized inside a single service is likely to become the focal point of social media in a Web3 future. This is because of the single-sign-on that was discussed before. Because you'll be following wallets, it won't make a difference where the users upload their content. You won't have a choice but to follow in their footsteps there.

You will probably be able to register your status in one area on your wallet, and then use that status to create a reputation in another domain, even if a reputation system is compartmentalized into several areas. Imagine, for the sake of argument, that you were able to demonstrate, while registering for StackOverflow, that you had accumulated 10,000 Reddit Karma for your contributions to the /r/Javascript subreddit. That ought to offer you some initial starting reputation, and doing so is considerably simpler with the wallet-based identities and single-sign-on that come with Web3 since they are integrated into the platform.

If you have a negative reputation in one location, it will be much simpler to penalize you in other locations if you use a centralized account. This is one of the drawbacks of having everything in one place. You can see ways in which this may be utilized maliciously, but on the other hand, it could be beneficial in the broad sense for filtering out bad people.

New Ways to Experience the Same Desires

The last kind of innovation I'll discuss is an overarching presumption that as our use of technology increases, we'll discover new ways to utilize it to solve problems and satisfy wants that have been there for a while.

The mobile industry ushered in new revenue generation opportunities, and the blockchain industry will likely do the same. It has already created a few of them, such as the sale of digital artwork and the democratization of access to ownership of shares in various forms of media, such as music.

The Internet and mobile devices gave rise to new media forms, and I feel that blockchain technology will also give rise to a novel form of media in the future. For instance, I can conceive of a considerably more feature-rich version of Wikipedia than what we are now capable of doing with Web2 rails.

Because the Internet and mobile devices brought us new communication technologies, we will likely develop a new kind of thing. Of course, this does not guarantee that the outcome will be favorable. Tinder is an app that makes chatting to people at a bar seem like a lot more awkward experience.

The Internet and mobile devices have given rise to new power accumulation and competition strategies. That is going to keep happening.

They developed fresh ideas for games and other forms of entertainment. We already have some of that, and there will be a significant increase in that coming.

They devised new methods of flexing and signaling their status. That is already present, and there will be additional instances of it in the future.

People are fundamentally straightforward animals. We like being entertained, mating, achieving prestige, and frantically searching for significance in our lives before we pass on. Every new tool is designed to achieve those goals in some novel manner, which may or may not be an improvement over the previously used methods. There is no evidence to suggest it won't happen again, which is particularly concerning given that money is to be earned.

However, it's still quite early in the day. Many of the applications are absurd, and many of the individuals who advocate for its usage are embarrassing.

The invention at its heart is a simple concept known as everlasting decentralized apps.

I can't wait to see what more we can do with it.

That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

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@ 75bf2353:e1bfa895

Bitcoin IOU's

There are many ways to stack sats. The easiest way is to sell fiat on a KYC regulated exchange. Most exchanges differ from an ETF because they will usually, but not always, send you the bitcoin you buy. Here is how one would go about selling fiat on an exchange in the US: • Sign Up for an account by providing your email, password, and phone number. • Send them A picture of your driver’s license. • Take a mug shot of your face. Some places require you to include a picture of your ID with the mug shot. • Give them Your Social Credit Score Number(A.K.A. your Social Security Number). • Provide them your phone numbers • If someone wanted to steal your bitcoin, where can they find you? This question is often phrased like this: "What is your home address?" • According to Guy Swann, you're also must send “a picture of your butt-hole”. That’s not actually true, but it's hilarious.

I’m not going to get sanctimonious about this. I believe it makes sense to have a little KYC stack, say a million sats to pay off your mortgage. Why so bearish? Because I won’t teach you how to stack sats without even if you don’t have an ID issued by the government. What if you didn’t have bitcoin, but had to flee? What if your Identity did not give you permission to the financial system around you? I want you to get as many non-KYC free bitcoin as possible, even if you already have bitcoin. Here’s why: KYC free sats have the smallest attack surface. Thieves can't steal your bitcoin if they don't know where to find it. What about the IRS?  Thieves can't steal your bitcoin if they don’t know where to find it. Punative taxes or a 6102 style executive order are not the only threats. If you get sued, would you prefer to have peer-to-peer bitcoin or bitcoin that HODLs your mug shot? How effective will your boating accident alibi work in such a situation? This is not to say there is absolutely no place for KYC'd sats. For a while, I was able to pay my water bill with bitcoin. It doesn't make sense to spend KYC free sats to pay your waterbill. They know my government name and where I live. It does make sense to make the sats I pay my waterbill with private. What if my non-private bitcoin I use to pay my waterbill shows people at the water plant I have a million sats—Enough to buy a three bedroom house with a food forrest.? Privacy matters. Maybe I don’t want my bitcoin to be like Venmo.

You shouldn’t need to give anyone an ID to try using bitcoin. You did not learn about money by opening a bank account with a fraction of cash in the vault. Your dad gave you cash for the ice cream truck. You bought tokens to play games at Chuck E Cheese. You bought chips at the liquor store with cash. You did not buy chips at the Belagio and begin betting on black. Money is something someone gives to you, something you earn, something you pay others with—something you save. This is not investment advice because this is not an investment. It is a new electronic cash system.

Your First Wallet

In a perfect world, you would have learned how to count hexadecimals in grade school and bitcoin would make perfect sense. This is not a perfect world we live in however. Most of the 8 billion people in the world don't know about hexadecimals. This is understandable since most of them are born with 10 fingers. If we had 15 fingers, things might be different, but we don't. I wish this wasn't so, but it's unrealistic to think everyone can start off using self sovereign bitcoin. It was easier a decade ago. You only needed to write down 12 words. Each block reward was 25 bitcoin and only a handful of nerds used it. The fees were so low, I never noticed them until around 2017. It no longer makes sense to buy $20.00 worth of bitcoin onchain. This is especially true if you don't know what the fuck you are doing. That's okay. Unless you were hanging out on the Cypherpunk mailing list prior to 2009, we've all been there. Fees are a market. If you don't know how they work, you could spend all your sats on fees. There’s a learning curve. The first axiom is: You must be cautious and careful when making significant bitcoin transactions on the main chain. If you lose twenty bucks worth of sats, it will suck, but it's not the end of the world. If you lose an amount of value greater than anything you have ever imagined, it will be the end of the world as you know it. Therefore, it makes sense to use a noncustodial wallet at first, but keep that first principle in mind. We already If $20 is a significant amount of money for you, treat it with extreme caution. If you make $25 an hour, getting rug-pulled by a shady wallet will still suck, but you'll feel better after yelling a few F-bombs. Your Sats on A Custodial Wallet Are At Risk It's not likely that a custodial wallet will steal your sats. You are more likely to see a custodial wallet pull out of your market. Xapo closed it's doors to US customers due to regulatory concerns ages ago. A few weeks ago, wallet of Satoshi did the same. I had 27 sats on my wallet of satoshi and was able to withdraw them. If I dropped my phone in the toilet, those sats could be gone forever, (although I could just change the location of my phone using a VPN). The point is to use custodial wallets wisely.  Remember the golden rule of bitcoin ”Not your keys, not your bitcoin." A custodial bitcoin wallet is not your bitcoin. This is important. If you can't remember this, tattoo this the front of your neck: ИIOƆTIᙠ YM TOИ ƧI TƎ⅃⅃AW ⅃AIᗡOTƧUƆ A ИI ИIOƆTIᙠ This wallet I am showing you is also an IOU. Keep this in mind. We are not creating our first wallet to build generational wealth. We are using it as an educational tool. The Padawan wallet taught us how to crawl. The custodial lightning wallet on the current nostr app will be our first baby step. It also let's us into a decentralized communications protocol. We will cover this later. Current Tutorial 1. Download the current app on google play or The App store. 2. Create a new identity. 3. Write down the 12 words. 4. Customize your profile 5. Get a lightning address. 6. Follow people 7. Talk to people 8. Get zapped.

Video Tutorial

nostr:naddr1qqrkyjejvav4xugpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezuamfdejsygr4hu34xxhflxxx9x2m5pcereygat28t96nw8tr6l0ag677r0agj5psgqqqskaskv78zz

@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

The Cuban doctor William Pérez Ramírez, one of the five health workers who was sentenced to house arrest in Bayamo for medical negligence in the case of the death of a 23-year-old young man, broke the silence and spoke about the rigged trial that the Castro regime prepared.

"I am being sentenced and blamed for reckless homicide, because I had to change, when I saw the patient, the criteria that the specialist had already taken," he denounced in a video spread through social networks by the communicator Ernesto Morales.

Pérez Ramírez, sentenced to one year of house arrest, says he feels "extreme dissatisfaction" because the communist regime does not protect doctors. "My dissatisfaction is extreme, extreme, at all times I have felt unprotected during this process. I believe that in this country, doctors are very unprotected," he declared in his brief intervention.

The trial against the doctors of Bayamo, which came about nearly two years after the death of the citizen who came to the hospital after suffering a serious motorcycle accident, has caused indignation in both the medical community and the general public.

Most highlight the difficult situation in which doctors in Cuba work, many of whom opt for alternative jobs due to the harsh conditions and low salaries in the health sector.

The convicted doctors faced the difficult decision to treat the patient with limited resources, a choice in line with the Hippocratic Oath but considered imprudent by the judicial system. During the trial, no expert opinions were presented to properly analyze the situation and the procedures followed.

Alexander Jesús Figueredo Izaguirre, an exiled Cuban doctor, commented that this trial shows that doctors in Cuba are forced to collaborate with a dictatorship, working for miserable wages and risking being imprisoned. Figueredo Izaguirre, who has denounced injustices in Cuba, expressed his desire for everyone to enjoy the freedom he has found in exile.

This case highlights the crisis in the Cuban healthcare system and the complex ethical decisions that doctors face under an authoritarian regime and under precarious working conditions.

@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

El médico cubano William Pérez Ramírez, uno de los cinco trabajadores de la salud que fue sentenciado a prisión domiciliara en Bayamo bajo la culpabilidad de negligencia médica en el caso de la muerte de un joven de 23 años, rompió el silencio y habló sobre el amañado juicio que el régimen castrista preparó.

“A mí se me está sentenciando y culpando de homicidio por imprudencia, porque yo tenía cambiar cambiado, cuando vi al paciente, el criterio que ya había tomado el especialista”, denunció en un video difundido por las redes sociales del comunicador Ernesto Morales.

Pérez Ramírez, sentenciado a un año de prisión domiciliaria, dice sentir una “inconformidad extrema” porque el régimen comunista no protege a los médicos. “Mi inconformidad es extrema, extrema, en todo momento me he sentido desprotegido durante este proceso. Yo creo que en este país los médicos estamos muy desprotegidos”, sentenció en su breve intervención.

El juicio a los médicos de Bayamo, que se gestó tras casi dos años después de la muerte del ciudadano que llegó al hospital tras sufrir un grave accidente en una moto, ha provocado indignación tanto en la comunidad médica como en el público en general.

La mayoría destaca la difícil situación en la que trabajan los médicos en Cuba, muchos de los cuales optan por empleos alternativos debido a las duras condiciones y bajos salarios en el sector sanitario.

Los médicos condenados enfrentaron la difícil decisión de atender al paciente con recursos limitados, una elección en línea con el juramento hipocrático pero considerada imprudente por el sistema judicial. Durante el juicio, no se presentaron opiniones de expertos para analizar adecuadamente la situación y los procedimientos seguidos.

Alexander Jesús Figueredo Izaguirre, un médico cubano exiliado, comentó que este juicio evidencia que los médicos en Cuba se ven obligados a colaborar con una dictadura, trabajando por salarios miserables y arriesgándose a ser encarcelados. Figueredo Izaguirre, quien ha denunciado injusticias en Cuba, expresó su deseo de que todos puedan disfrutar de la libertad que él ha encontrado en el exilio.

Este caso resalta la crisis en el sistema de salud cubano y las complejas decisiones éticas a las que se enfrentan los médicos bajo un régimen autoritario y en condiciones de trabajo precarias.

@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

Retirees in Cuba are becoming increasingly vulnerable every day, as pensions guarantee less and less the satisfaction of their basic needs. Many, those who are able, have been forced to re-enter the workforce. Measures taken by the Government such as Decree 99, in line with a policy that claims to address the growing aging population, complicate the outlook for those who, after working their whole lives, are unable to fully enjoy the deserved rest. The recently published legal body is yet another regulation to deprive Cubans of their rights. Incidentally, it acknowledges the Government's inability to face public spending.

Decree 99 states that "the aging of the Cuban population affects the increase in expenses of the social security system's budget, due to the rise in the number of people reaching retirement age and the time spent as pensioners." It also refers to the "decrease of contributors to the system" given the impossibility of replenishing the workforce.

Public spending, however, is the result of poor governmental management, overcontrol, and lack of incentives and social policies to encourage young people of working age. This is intended to be remedied with cuts, and a part is paid by those workers of retirement age who are entitled to more than 9,510 pesos in pensions.

The new regulations will only apply to workers in the business sector, leaving out the budgeted sector (Health and Education, for example), and it does not apply to payments for master's and doctoral degrees.

It will only apply to those workers who retire from January 4, 2024. For those already retired or in the process of doing so, the previous regulations will remain in place.

Pensions for age and disability are determined in Cuba by calculating the average monthly salary of the best five years of the last 15 worked. This system will not undergo any changes; what Decree 99 has modified is the concept of "monthly salary," say lawyers from DIARIO DE CUBA.

What the regulation establishes will only be applicable for workers who earn profits or payment for results, becoming a setback for those who work in the state sector and who have maintained the idea of securing a "good retirement." This aspiration was supported by the measures approved in 2021 to strengthen the socialist state enterprise. Three years later, Decree 99 ends it.

With no other purpose than to cut the budget at the expense of the effort of Cuban workers, the regulation says, "as a result of the payment for the distribution of profits, pensions with high amounts have been generated, so it is necessary to modify the procedure to determine the basis for calculating the pensions for age and total invalidity, in order to mitigate the expenses of the social security budget."

No matter the effort, the right to work, or the accumulated income of the workers, only those who do not exceed 9,510 pesos (the last active salary scale) will receive 100% of the pension calculation.

The regulation that came into force on January 4 has generated criticism, "doubts and concerns of the population," according to Virginia Marlén García Reyes, director general of the National Institute of Social Security (INASS). "Clarifications" from the official were collected in a note on the official Cubadebate portal, where retirees have expressed their dissatisfaction with their general situation in the comments.

For Luisa, what is needed is for pensions to be increased. "It is impossible to buy in the market, pay for water, electricity, gas, at these times when prices are rising and rising. All retirees should be called vulnerable, which by the way, is a considerable figure. It is urgent that our pensions are increased to live and not to die."

Pedro Cabrera said ironically: "Only the business sector will be affected, that is, those who contribute wealth. It doesn't matter that the salary earned since 2021 was based on the salary regulations established in the country, and that it has been contributed, month after month, to Social Security. Yes, very fair."

José Reyes Fuentes regretted: "Retirees before the reordering that we are reincorporated into work for obvious reasons, we will have to continue until the last day, because apparently that debt of justice is not in the plans of anyone."

"Two university degrees, a master's degree, and 45 years of work, 42 of them as a university professor, and I am paid 2,400 in retirement, 20 dollars at the official CADECA exchange rate, and those who retired after me are paid about 6,000. Who dares to give an explanation for something so unfair. So far no one. Let's hope this is one of those things that can be solved sooner rather than later," said Fernando.

A reader identified as Rodríguez said: "I am 75 years old. I retired in 2010. At present, my wife and I live with my pension of 1,678. We are considered vulnerable. Where do I have to go so that social workers can evaluate my case. I am having a pretty ugly time."

The economic independence of the elderly in Cuba and the meager aid from the Cuban State to the most vulnerable evaporated after the "monetary reordering." This group has been plunged into misery while their situation is exacerbated by the inflation that the Island is suffering. In February 2022, Cuba had around 1,600,000 retirees, and of them, more than half were receiving the minimum of those pensions.

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

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@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

Los jubilados en Cuba son cada día más vulnerables, las pensiones garantizan cada vez menos la satisfacción de sus necesidades básicas. Muchos, los que tienen capacidad, se han visto obligados a reinsertarse laboralmente. Medidas que toma el Gobierno como el Decreto 99, en línea con una política que dice hacer frente al creciente envejecimiento poblacional, complican el panorama a quienes, después de trabajar toda la vida, se ven impedidos de disfrutar plenamente del merecido descanso. El recién publicado cuerpo legal es una normativa más para privar a los cubanos de sus derechos. De paso, reconoce la incapacidad del Gobierno para hacer frente al gasto público.

El Decreto 99 señala que "el envejecimiento de la población cubana incide en el incremento de los gastos del presupuesto del sistema de seguridad social, debido al aumento del número de personas que arriban a la edad de jubilación y del tiempo de permanencia como pensionado". También se refiere a la "disminución de los contribuyentes al sistema" ante la imposibilidad de reponer la fuerza de trabajo.

El gasto público, sin embargo, es resultante de una pésima gestión gubernamental, sobrecontrol y falta de incentivos y políticas sociales para incentivar a los jóvenes en edad laboral. Esto pretende ser subsanado con recortes y una parte lo pagan esos trabajadores en edad de jubilación a quienes corresponden más de 9.510 pesos de pensión.

La nueva normativa solo será de aplicación para los trabajadores del sector empresarial, quedando fuera el sector presupuestado (Salud y Educación, por ejemplo) y no se aplica para los pagos por maestrías y doctorados.

Solo se aplicará para aquellos trabajadores que se jubilen a partir del 4 de enero de 2024. Para los ya jubilados o los que se encuentren en tramitación se mantendrá la anterior normativa.

Las pensiones por edad e invalidez se determinan en Cuba al calcular el promedio del salario mensual de los cinco mejores años de los últimos 15 laborados. Este sistema no sufrirá ningún cambio, lo que ha modificado el Decreto 99 es el concepto de "salario mensual", precisan abogados de DIARIO DE CUBA.

Lo que establece la norma solo será aplicable para los trabajadores que cobren utilidades o pago por resultados, convirtiéndose en un retroceso para aquellos que trabajan en el sector estatal y que han mantenido la idea de asegurar una "buena jubilación". Esta aspiración se vio sustentada con las medidas aprobadas en 2021 para fortalecer la empresa estatal socialista. Tres años después, el Decreto 99 acaba con ella.

Sin otro fin que el de recortar el presupuesto a costa del esfuerzo de los trabajadores cubanos, la norma dice que, "como resultado del pago por la distribución de utilidades, se han generado pensiones con elevadas cuantías, por lo que se requiere modificar el procedimiento para determinar la base de cálculo de las pensiones por edad e invalidez total, a fin de atenuar los gastos del presupuesto de la seguridad social".

No importa el esfuerzo, el derecho al trabajo, ni los ingresos acumulados de los trabajadores, solo recibirán el 100% del cálculo de la pensión aquellos que no excedan los 9.510 pesos (última escala salarial vigente).

La norma que entró en vigor el 4 de enero ha generado críticas, "dudas e inquietudes de la población" según Virginia Marlén García Reyes, directora general del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social (INASS). "Aclaraciones" de la funcionaria fueron recogidas en una nota del portal oficial Cubadebate en cuyos comentarios los jubilados han expresado su malestar por su situación general.

Para Luisa, lo que hace falta es que aumenten las pensiones. "Es imposible comprar en el agro, pagar el agua, luz, gas, en estos momentos que suben y suben los precios. Llámese vulnerable a todos los jubilados que por demás son una cifra considerable. Urge que nuestras pensiones sean aumentadas para vivir y no morir".

Pedro Cabrera dijo en tono irónico: "Solo se va a afectar al sector empresarial, o sea, a los que aportan riqueza. No importa que ese salario devengado desde 2021 haya sido en base a las regulaciones salariares establecidas en el país, y que se haya aportado, mes tras mes, a la Seguridad Social. Sí, muy justo".

José Reyes Fuentes lamentó: "Los jubilados antes del ordenamiento que estamos reincorporados al trabajo por razones obvias, pues tendremos que seguir hasta el último día, pues al parecer esa deuda de justicia no está en los planes de nadie".

"Dos títulos universitarios, una maestría y 45 años de trabajo, 42 de ellos como profesor universitario, y me pagan 2.400 de jubilación, 20 dólares al cambio oficial de CADECA, y a los que se jubilaron después que yo le pagan cerca de 6.000. Quién se atreve a dar una explicación a algo tan injusto. Hasta ahora nadie. Esperemos que esta sea una de esas cosas que tengan solución más cerca que nunca", dijo Fernando.

Un lector identificado como Rodríguez dijo: "Tengo 75 años. Me jubilé en 2010. En la actualidad vivimos mi esposa y yo con mi pensión de 1.678. Somos considerados vulnerables. A dónde tengo que dirigirme para que los trabajadores sociales evalúen mi caso. La estoy pasando bastante feo".

La independencia económica de los adultos mayores en Cuba y las exiguas ayudas del Estado cubano a los más vulnerables se esfumaron tras el "ordenamiento monetario". Este grupo poblacional se ha visto sumido en la miseria, mientras se agrava su situación con la inflación que padece la Isla. En febrero de 2022, Cuba tenía alrededor de 1.600.000 jubilados, y de ellos, más de la mitad cobraba el mínimo de esas pensiones.

@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

Medical students in Cuba expressed the concerns and doubts they have about their professional future when interviewed by YouTuber Rosy Wanderlust at an institution of higher education on the Island.

The most surprising aspect of their statements is that some of them do not plan to practice their profession in the country and hope to be able to emigrate, as thousands of their compatriots have done.

In justifying this situation, they pointed out the lack of basic medications and even supplies like gloves to prevent some type of infection. It also bothers them that, as part of their training, they have to decide which patient to give the only ampule of duralgina available in a scenario of shortage.

Another of the main concerns expressed by the future doctors is the precarious economic situation they will face once they finish their training. "If I start selling churros on the corner of the hospital, I'll earn more than the best-qualified specialist," lamented one of the interviewees.

The youth also argued the dismal working conditions, shortages in infrastructure, and the lack of basic supplies which endangers their safety and that of patients. For example, laboratory technicians are exposed to the risk of infection of diseases due to the lack of supplies for their respective protection.

In the situations described by the young students, there have been cases of negligence on the Island, or improvisations that doctors apply to try to save the lives of patients due to the lack of clinical instruments.

@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

Estudiantes de medicina en Cuba expresaron las preocupaciones y dudas que tienen sobre su futuro profesional, al ser entrevistados por la youtuber Rosy Wanderlust en un centro de educación superior de la Isla.

Lo más sorprendente de las declaraciones es que algunos de ellos no piensan ejercer su profesión en el país y tienen la esperanza de poder emigrar, como lo han hecho miles de sus compatriotas.

Al justificar esta situación, señalaron la falta de medicamentos básicos e inclusive insumos como guantes para evitar algún tipo de contagio. A ellos también les incomoda que, como parte de su formación, tengan que decidir a cuál paciente dar la única ámpula de duralgina disponible en un escenario de desabastecimiento.

Otra de las preocupaciones principales que manifestaron los futuros médicos es la precaria situación económica que enfrentarán una vez que terminen su formación. “Si me pongo a vender churros en la esquina del hospital, ganaré más que el especialista mejor cualificado”, lamentó uno de los entrevistados.

Los jóvenes también argumentaron las pésimas condiciones de trabajo, las carencias en infraestructura y la falta de suministros básicos que pone en peligro su seguridad y la de los pacientes. Por ejemplo, los laboratoristas se encuentran expuestos al riesgo de contagio de enfermedades debido a la carencia de insumos para su respectiva protección.

En las situaciones descritas por los jóvenes estudiantes han ocurrido casos de negligencias en la Isla, o improvisaciones que aplican los doctores para tratar de salvar la vida de pacientes por la falta de instrumentos clínicos.

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

For Bitcoin enthusiasts seeking a haven for like-minded individuals and a chance to experience Bitcoin adoption in its purest form, El Salvador and Bitcoin Beach often come to mind. This is no coincidence, given El Salvador's pioneering role in making bitcoin legal tender. However, the Bitcoin ecosystem extends beyond national borders, with vibrant communities emerging around the world where bitcoin thrives in everyday transactions. One such example is the inspiring grassroots movement of Bitcoin Jungle in rural Costa Rica. Driven by a shared passion for Bitcoin and the "pura vida" spirit, a group of Bitcoiners has established a thriving community centered on a circular Bitcoin economy. This is the essence of Bitcoin Jungle.

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What is Bitcoin Jungle?

Bitcoin Jungle is an open-source community project focused on bringing the Bitcoin ecosystem to life in Costa Rica, particularly in the "Golden Triangle" area – Dominical, Uvita, Ojochal, Platanillo, and Tinamaste. Their mission is to build a circular bitcoin economy and a thriving community centered around bitcoin.

Focus:

• Bitcoin adoption: Encourage businesses and individuals to accept and use bitcoin as a form of payment.
• Education and resources: Provide educational materials and resources about Bitcoin and the Lightning Network to both businesses and individuals.
• Community building: Create a strong and supportive community of Bitcoin enthusiasts in Costa Rica.
• Boost to local economy: Increased tourist and resident spending through Bitcoin adoption to benefit local businesses.
• Financial inclusion: Bitcoin's borderless nature and ease of use offers financial inclusion for unbanked or underbanked populations.

Achievements:

• Bitcoin Jungle app: Developed a mobile wallet app built on the Bitcoin Lightning Network, facilitating easy bitcoin transactions within the community for both Android and iOS.
• Business adoption: Helped over 250 businesses in the "Golden Triangle" accept Bitcoin payments.
• Map and directory: Created a map and directory showcasing businesses accepting bitcoin in the area.
• Grassroots movement: Established a strong community identity around bitcoin and "pura vida" values.
• Integrate Sinpe: Allow sending of bitcoin payments to 90% of the Costa Rican population, both individuals and businesses.

Who's behind Bitcoin Jungle?

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The success of Bitcoin Jungle can be attributed to the convergence of two crucial drivers: passionate Bitcoin enthusiasts and skilled community leaders. Each individual, attracted by the unique allure of the "Golden Triangle" in Costa Rica, brought their diverse skillsets and collective ambition to the table, resulting in this organically developed and thriving hub of Bitcoin adoption. These skillsets ranging from technical, to personal, to community outreach, to spiritual and more, are a synergistic blend of expertise and shared vision, serving as the foundational layer for Bitcoin Jungle's continued progress.

Bitcoin Freedom Festival

Building upon the momentum of their inaugural Nostr unconference held at Awake in Uvita, Costa Rica, in March 2023, Bitcoin Jungle successfully hosted their first Bitcoin conference, the Bitcoin Freedom Festival, last week at the same venue. This conference took place during January 18-21, 2024, bringing together Bitcoiners and like minded, freedom loving folks from across the world.

The inaugural Bitcoin Freedom Festival, hosted by Bitcoin Jungle, offered a diverse and engaging lineup for attendees. Participants delved into the world of Bitcoin through a variety of talks, panels, and workshops catering to both technical and non-technical audiences. Attendees engaged in interactive sessions on building sustainable Bitcoin economies, fostering inclusivity within the ecosystem, and navigating the legal landscape of Bitcoin businesses. Speakers explored the potential of Bitcoin beyond finance, delving into its impact on social change, environmental sustainability, and spiritual connections. Beyond Bitcoin related themes, attendees were graced with various cultural sessions and ceremonies from local indigenous tribes and family-friendly events such as fruit tasting, hot chocolate creation, and hula hooping. For those that wanted to add decentralized communication talks to their schedule, attendees joined a Nostr panel hosted by yours truly along with several other Nostriches.

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Awake describes themselves as "a catalyst for humanity's awakening, celebrating life and serving as a community, retreat center, and hub for individual and collective growth" or the spiritual arm of Bitcoin's ethos, connecting human's together and to nature. Awake is essentially a Bitcoin Citadel.

Bitcoin transcends the function of a mere currency to symbolize the primal layer of existence that harmonizes our myriad experiences. It illuminates our collective path, encouraging truth, integrity, and unity, as we rise above the inner and outer forces that have historically suppressed the individual and humanity.

It seems poetic and fitting that Awake is located in the heart of Bitcoin Jungle, their co-founder Govinda, is also one of the founding members of Bitcoin Jungle, and Awake hosted both Nostrica and the Bitcoin Freedom Festival.

Bitcoin Marketplace

Beyond the conversations of conferences and networking opportunities, the Bitcoin Freedom Festival offered a taste of the future with its bustling Bitcoin Marketplace. This dedicated area brought together dozens of local merchants and vendors from the neighboring Bitcoin farmers' market, showcasing the possibilities of Bitcoin in everyday life. HODLing bitcoin is cool, but the real super power unlocks when you spend your bitcoin for everyday goods.

From delicious tropical fruits and local treats to handcrafted snacks, clothing, jewelry, artwork, and trinkets, the vendors represented the early adopters of Bitcoin Jungle's initiative. In collaboration with Bitcoin Jungle, each vendor utilized a compact mobile Point of Sale system powered by BTCPay server. These user-friendly devices, complete with thermal receipt printers, empowered vendors to seamlessly accept bitcoin payments, directly deposited to their Bitcoin Jungle wallets.

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This wasn't just a marketplace; it was a living, breathing testament to the growing acceptance of bitcoin within the local community. Attendees could witness firsthand the ease and convenience of using bitcoin for everyday purchases. The atmosphere buzzed with a sense of shared purpose and enthusiasm as vendors and customers alike embraced the innovative power of Bitcoin. From buying the freshest mango from a local farmer to picking up a unique handcrafted souvenir, participants experienced the thrill of being part of a pioneering community actively shaping a new economic landscape, all from within the Costa Rican jungle.

Where can you spend Bitcoin in Costa Rica?

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Bitcoin adoption in Costa Rica extends beyond the "Golden Triangle", encompassing over 250 locations spread across the country. While the densest concentration lies within Uvita, the beating heart of Bitcoin Jungle, businesses accepting Bitcoin can be found throughout the nation.

These locations are conveniently accessible on the Bitcoin Jungle map, both within the mobile app and on their website. You may browse Bitcoin Jungle's interactive map to discover various businesses and locations that accept bitcoin, searching by category and location.

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Rest assured, you won't be scrambling for mobile reception in most cities and towns. For example, Uvita and Dominical boast excellent mobile coverage with major carriers like Claro blanketing the area, providing your mobile bitcoin transactions the bandwidth they need. While mobile data is readily available, many cafes, restaurants, and shops in both towns offer free Wi-Fi for even greater connectivity. This connectivity extends across most of Costa Rica too, with many local businesses boasting high speed fiber connections.

If you happen to visit a business that isn't directly using the Bitcoin Jungle app or accepting bitcoin, there's a high probability that they're using Sinpe. This will indirectly allow you to spend your bitcoin virtually anywhere in Costa Rica.

What is Sinpe Movil?

Sinpe serves as the backbone of Costa Rican mobile payments, enabling instant transfers between bank accounts, individuals, and certain businesses. With an impressive 90% penetration rate, Sinpe has become the dominant payment method for everyday transactions.

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Thanks to Bull Bitcoin, the Bitcoin Jungle app now supports Sinpe, allowing you to convert your bitcoin into Costa Rican colones directly within the Sinpe network. This means you can seamlessly top up your Sinpe wallet with bitcoin or send bitcoin to an existing Sinpe wallet, effectively spending bitcoin and having it being converted to fiat for the local merchant on the fly.

Do you need the Bitcoin Jungle app?

The short answer: No! You can use whatever you want!

When it comes to spending your Bitcoin in Costa Rica, you have two primary options: utilizing the Sinpe mobile payment system through the Bitcoin Jungle app, or conducting direct Lightning Network transactions at participating businesses.

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• Over 250 locations in Costa Rica accept Bitcoin payments directly through the Lightning Network. Here, you can utilize your preferred Bitcoin Lightning wallet for seamless and instant transactions.
• The Bitcoin Jungle app is required if you want to convert your bitcoin to colones and utilize them within the Sinpe network. This opens up a wider range of spending options throughout Costa Rica, as Sinpe boasts a 90% penetration rate.

Not everyone will be able to install the Bitcoin Jungle application. For example, if you are visiting Costa Rica from the USA, with a USA phone, there's a high probability that you will not be able to install the Bitcoin Jungle application via Google Play Store or Apple App Store due to region locking. You may have to manually install the Android APK or join Apple's TestFlight program.

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While the Bitcoin Jungle app offers a convenient gateway for spending bitcoin with Sinpe in Costa Rica, its requirement for mobile phone number registration might deter some privacy-conscious users, particularly experienced Bitcoiners accustomed to self-custody solutions. Fortunately, for those seeking a purely pseudonymous experience, an array of robust mobile Lightning wallets exist and all work as expected.

Personal Experiences

My wife and I first explored Bitcoin Jungle in March 2023, witnessing the early stages of Bitcoin adoption. Now, upon my return for the Bitcoin Freedom Festival, I was astounded to find the number of accepting businesses almost doubled. This remarkable growth, directly attributed to the previous "Nostrica Unconference" with its near 300 Bitcoin enthusiasts, fuels my optimism for an even greater surge following this recent event. Witnessing firsthand the enthusiastic response of local merchants reaffirms my belief in Bitcoin.

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This trip, eager to share this experience with family, I brought my wife and children, armed with four Bitcoin Lightning wallets connected to my Lightning node at home. We embarked on a family vacation, using the Lightning Network exclusively for day-to-day purchases from breakfast treats to souvenirs. From coffee for my wife and pipa fria for my son to fresh fruit for my daughter and delicious meals for all of us, each transaction was seamless and effortless. This culminated in a memorable visit to Seba's, Uvita's premier restaurant, where we enjoyed both food and adult beverages – all paid for with bitcoin.

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This experience wasn't just about personal convenience; it was a testament to the growing acceptance and integration of bitcoin within the local community. Witnessing how families, from coffee shops to fine dining, can seamlessly operate, empowers me to envision a future where Bitcoin flourishes.

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Reaching Bitcoin Jungle involves some planning due to its distance from San Jose Airport. The journey takes approximately 3.5-4 hours by car, offering the most flexibility for exploring the region, attending excursions, and maximizing your itinerary. Car rentals are readily available, though ride-sharing, buses, and even small plane flights are alternative options, depending on your budget and preferences. While Uvita's downtown area features walkable access to many amenities, having a rental vehicle is recommended for exploring the full scope of the Golden Triangle's attractions. For example, my family visited jungle canopy zip lines, jungle cacao tours, waterfalls, and multiple beaches.

Conclusions

Bitcoin Jungle is a successful community-driven, grassroots project, showcasing the potential of Bitcoin adoption and integration beyond El Salvador. We often hear about Bitcoin Beach or how El Salvador is "Bitcoin Country", but I'd wager that Bitcoin adoption is on par or even higher with local merchants in Bitcoin Jungle.

Bitcoin Jungle is a beautiful paradise showcasing freedom at every corner, allowing you to spend bitcoin at nearly every corner. If you're a Bitcoiner seeking a vibrant, welcoming community and a real-world Bitcoin experience, look no further than Bitcoin Jungle. I highly recommend it. Pura vida!

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@ c5d54dd3:e4a3dfc6

We've all been been there, a channel gets closed, no-matter yet if it was a cooperative or force-closed, but somehow the close transaction hangs around and doesn't get confirmed. You want to clear the house, or need the pending onchain sats, but wonder how to go about it? Follow this guide and you'll hopefully find remedy.

But before, read this article from LND. Then read it again. Once you think you understand it, read it again. It's not super cohesive, since a number of things from the top need to be understood to grasp the section Channel closing, so ensure you spend some time in there.

Situation

This is written for LND, but similar methodologies are applicable for CLN. Eclair folks know their way around anyway. You identified a channel-close, either in one of the GUIs you use, or from a Bot notification. But it doesn't confirm. First thing to do is SSH into your node via ssh user@node-ip and get an overview of all pending (open, and close) with lncli pendingchannels[^1]. terminal { "channel": { "remote_node_pub": "123456789889786857463636288291929458767688493999392324", "channel_point": "dhksfkeh8458734kldjfksd39393932033fkk3003022244:1", "capacity": "10000000", "local_balance": "9999711", "remote_balance": "70137", "local_chan_reserve_sat": "10053", "remote_chan_reserve_sat": "10053", "initiator": "INITIATOR_REMOTE", "commitment_type": "ANCHORS", "num_forwarding_packages": "2", "chan_status_flags": "ChanStatusBorked|ChanStatusCommitBroadcasted|ChanStatusLocalCloseInitiator" }, "limbo_balance": "9999711", "commitments": { "local_txid": "eeof599490930002dcc0db3bfa789eb4afbd89a37794a4c49a5f529ddb1b23e85b3", "remote_txid": "ta48849fkkek39947uuc80371ec96a88297465821ee79ff0b85f8624f83a7455f1cc", "remote_pending_txid": "", "local_commit_fee_sat": "2510", "remote_commit_fee_sat": "2510", "remote_pending_commit_fee_sat": "0" }, "closing_txid": "eeof599490930002dcc0db3bfa789eb4afbd89a37794a4c49a5f529ddb1b23e85b3" What we see here is that our LND sees that channel as borked, we have a an opening_tx (channel_point:vout), a local_tx and a remote_tx. What's usually the next step, we wonder why it's not closing, so we copy the "closing_txid": "eeof599490930002dcc0db3bfa789eb4afbd89a37794a4c49a5f529ddb1b23e85b3" and copy it into our favorite mempool tool. Just for guiding sake, we check with mempool.space, and now it's the time to split into two scenarios

Scenario 1: mempool.space shows the closing-tx, but it's unconfirmed and the fee is too low

What many runners don't know, mempool.space runs with a mempool-size of 2GB, while most standard node-systems run with just 300MB. This is usually enough, but not in high fee environments. So let's check if your local mempool has it: bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction eeof599490930002dcc0db3bfa789eb4afbd89a37794a4c49a5f529ddb1b23e85b3 error code: -5 error message: No such mempool or blockchain transaction. Use gettransaction for wallet transactions. In this case your mempool probably purged the transaction, or LND never published it due to it's low commitment fee. Let's jump to the next section to see what we can do about it.

Scenario 2: mempool.space shows Transaction not found

Okay, we can assume that your closing-tx probably never hit the public-mempool, we can cut things short here and move to the next section, but just to be safe, let's check if our local bitcoin-mempool has it bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction eeof599490930002dcc0db3bfa789eb4afbd89a37794a4c49a5f529ddb1b23e85b3 error code: -5 error message: No such mempool or blockchain transaction. Use gettransaction for wallet transactions.

Complication

Why are there transactions of channel-closes with too low fee? Can't LND figure out what fee is necessary and get things just out there? I want my funds! Well... and this is already way better than earlier last year

Let's assume best intend, no-one built that protocol to make things intentionally complicated. But since you have two parties involved in the process, and we should assume no-trust between those, we need to install processes to keep things fair, balanced and transparent. Read up on the HTLC-detail guide from Elle Mouton to make yourself more familiar with the details.

In short, we have 2 (out of 3) possible ways for a channel-close:

1. cooperative-close, where both parties are online, one of the two sends a channel-close signal, and then both nodes get to court and negotiate a closing price. Since only the opener pays for the closing-cost, it's imminent it's not sky high. There are settings in lnd.conf like coop-close-target-confs=100 which help to keep things rational from your side if the other side triggered the close.
2. force- or uncooperative-close, where either one of the two parties is unresponsive / offline, or other protocol / node-OS disagreements happen (like expiring HTLCs). In either case one of the two parties force-close, there is no court-negotiation, but based on the last channel_commit agreement the two nodes handshaken on, will be used for the closing-fee. Those agreements are also based on a few lnd.conf settings, like max-commit-fee-rate-anchors and bitcoind.estimatemode[^2].

Either have their intricacies, but when the channel-close is not in your local mempool, or too low fee in the public mempool, you can't get the channel closed and the onchain-sats stay locked away.

Proposed Solutions

We won't outline every possible scenario, but a couple of most happening ones. Some will work, others not. To avoid this article becoming a master-class, let's go through a couple of those which are doing no-harm, but helping you worse case to get some more information what's happening.

For each of those attempts, prepare a second terminal window to your node, and filter (grep) the channel-point and pubkey of the channel, so you'll be more informed after of what's happening. This terminal will monitor your lnd.log and show only entries where either the Pubkey of your to be closed channel-peer, or your mutual channel-point is triggered. sudo tail -f .lnd/logs/bitcoin/mainnet/lnd.log | grep -e 'PUBKEYOFCHANNELPARTNER|CHANNELPOINT:VOUT'

While Terminal 2 stays open, let's move to Terminal Window 1 for the next couple of commands. We'll try one after the other, and this guide will be verbose if there's risk or sat-spending involved. It's sorted from lowest risk / spend to highest, top down.

1. Reconnect

Many coop-close attempts fail, because when both nodes go to court, there is a possibility to not find consensus on the closing fee. Let's see if this is the reason, you'll see entries like commit-fee proposal staggering up, and whether you'll find consensus lncli disconnect PUBKEY && lncli connect PUBKEY@ADDRESS:PORT If the closing attempts fail, you'll see that each time, the delta between your node and your channel-peer will get closer. Eventually it'll work, if not, check your lnd.conf settings and eg change bitcoind.estimatemode=ECONOMICAL to bitcoind.estimatemode=CONSERVATIVE.

2. Restart LND

Sometimes closing attempts miss a broadcast due to a missing connection to bitcoind. Restarting LND rebroadcasts every pending channel-close and sweeps, so give this a shot and check your terminal 2 while LND is taking it's time to come back up. Really, you need some patience here.

3. Reinitiate coop-close (and force-close)

Try to close the channel again, in rare cases this would solve something which 1. didn't: lncli closechannel --chan_point CHANPOINT:VOUT --sat_per_vbyte XX. This may offer some more insight in your Terminal 2 window. You can do the same for the force-close, just need to adjust the command slightly. For the record, I never had this situation, but it's not doing any harm in case you know it's a force-close anyway: lncli closechannel --chan_point CHANPOINT:VOUT --force. We can omit the target sat/vbyte setting since force-closes use the last agreed commit-fee of both you and your peer.

4. Increase local Mempool size

This solves for a couple of things, both Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 above, at least as a preparation. Open your bitcoind-configuration with sudo nano .bitcoin/bitcoin.conf to lookup and edit the following entry to 2000, which increases it to 2GB: ```

Increase Mempool size

maxmempool=2000 `` Restart bitcoind (typicallysudo systemctl restart bitcoindto take this setting into effect. And either LND already restarted by itself, or trigger a manual restart withsudo systemctl restart lnd`. Watch Terminal 2, to see whether your 300MB previous mempool was too limited to accept your LND-closing. With 2GB, that limitation is lifted (a little) and potentially allows your LND to broadcast the closing-tx.

5. Manually broadcast the closing-transaction

Eventually 4. allows your local mempool to pick up the closing transaction. Sometimes it doesn't. Or your mempool has it, but the public mempool didn't. Without either your bitcoind node, or the public mempools knowing about this tx, your channel can't get closed. In this event, let's look at how to broadcast it manually and see what response we get in both Terminals.

1. Local Mempool check: Follow Scenario 1.
2. If it's a No, does mempool.space have it? Then open the tx there, and grab the RAW-tx by appending the txid here: https://mempool.space/api/tx/[TXID]/hex. Copy the whole long string, and execute the local broadcast in your Terminal 1 with lncli wallet publishtx RAWTX.
3. If that's a No too, check your LND, it should have it (only in rare circumstances, like SCBs, LND doesn't have the raw-tx: lncli listchaintxns --start_height 818181 --end_height -1. Substitute 818181 with the current mempool height to filter the transaction output showing only not confirmed pending transactions (utxos). You'll get the raw-tx there, and can use it with lncli wallet publishtx RAWTX as above.
4. If your local Mempool has it, but mempool.space doesn't, there is no harm broadcasting it there as well. Follow Scenario 1 to retrieve the raw-txid from your local mempool, and copy it in here.

6. Increase the closing-fee

So mempools know about your closing-tx, but it's way too low. Let's assume it hangs at 10sat/vbyte (like many pending closing-tx these days), but let's also assume we won't see <30sat/vbyte anytime soon. Because you'd always have the option to wait for 10sats, your tx will eventually confirm. But you don't want to wait, then you'll need to pay up. Disclaimer: This one is costing you. No matter who the opener of the channel was (who always pays for both un- and cooperative-closings), the next step costs You. So be concious about it.

The LND Guide linked above has a succinct closing channels section. And since you inhaled that guide, you'll know the next steps:

1. For Coop-Closes, you can lncli wallet bumpfee -h to make yourself familiar with the options. It's pretty self-explanatory, lncli wallet bumpfee --conf_target 6 CHANPOINT:VOUT will ask your local mempool for a sat/vbyte target and set the new closing fee. With lncli wallet bumpfee --sat_per_vbyte 36 CHANPOINT:VOUT, you can set a confident 36 sats/vbyte yourself. Watch Terminal 2 and see what lnd.log tells you.

2. For Force-Closes, you need a so called CPFP (Child Pays For Parent) transaction, which will become a child of your existing closing fee, and at the same time expensive enough, that both parent + child and their fees will be attractive enough for a miner to pick up and mine it. You can either do some pre-calc with a helper script, or try current mempool medium fee x 2. Not a problem if you don't start high enough, you can follow step 1. above here with this new child-transaction and bump it's fee with RBF any time later: lncli wallet bumpclosefee -h for the options:

3. lncli wallet bumpclosefee --conf_target 6 CHANPOINT:VOUT will ask your local mempool for a sat/vbyte target and set the fee for the child-tx.

4. lncli wallet bumpclosefee --sat_per_vbyte 100 CHANPOINT:VOUT will set the child-tx at 100, presumably ending up with 50 sats/vbyte effective rate for both your parent and your child to be mined.

Note that none of this works if your local mempool doesn't have that txid. So follow steps 1-5 before trying this one. Now but if it worked, you'll be prompted with a new txid for your child, which you can later check in your local mempool, and ideally it'll land in the public mempools to be mined as well. If it ended up too low, bump it with RBF (replace by fee) described in point 1, but targeting your child.

7. Go out of band

Just for completion, there are various miners who offer their mining service for your tx for a hefty cost. This sometimes might be necessary, eg for your channels where the other side force-closed on you, but you only have a static channel-commitment. If your peer is unresponsive or not cooperative to do a CPFP on their side, you'll wait until forever. Check your favorite search engine, ViaBTC or mempool.space for their acceleration services.

Hope you enjoyed this article. Please do share feedback and suggestions for improvement. If this guide was of any help, I'd appreciate if you share the article with others, give me a follow on X or nostr, perhaps even donating some sats to hakuna@getalby.com

I'm also always grateful for incoming channels to my node: HODLmeTight

See the gist of it on my github.

[^1]: For umbrel, you need to jump through some loops for the command lncli and bitcoin-cli. You need to add this whole string before: ~/umbrel/scripts/app compose lightning exec lnd lncli and ~/umbrel/scripts/app compose bitcoin exec bitcoind bitcoin-cli respectively. To simplify things, create a temporary alias with alias lncli="/home/umbrel/umbrel/scripts/app compose lightning exec lnd lncli" and alias bitcoin-cli="~/umbrel/scripts/app compose bitcoin exec bitcoind bitcoin-cli", then all of the above commands should work. [^2]: Wonder what your channel-peers current commit-fee is? And whether they use anchors or static channel-fee commitments? Check out this bash-script, among other Node-Tools available as open-source.

@ 46fcbe30:6bd8ce4d

Opinion about Mycelium Wallet

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#WalletScrutiny #NostrComment

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@ 25c671ae:0ecf09c0

When it comes to capturing attention, creativity and visibility are key in any marketing strategy. In today's fast-paced world, businesses are always on the lookout for innovative ways to stand out from the competition. Building wrap and stage hire are two effective tools that can help businesses unleash their creativity and increase their visibility in New Zealand (NZ). In this article, we will explore the power of building wrap and stage hire in New Zealand and how they can elevate your brand. Building Wrap: Making a Bold Statement What is building wrap? Building wrap is a large-scale graphic vinyl wrap that covers the exterior of a building. It can transform any dull or ordinary building into a stunning work of art that captures the attention of anyone passing by. Building wrap can be customised to display bold imagery, vibrant colours, and eye-catching designs that reflect your brand. The Impact of Building Wrap in New Zealand In a competitive market like New Zealand, it is crucial for businesses to create a strong visual presence. Building wrap provides an opportunity for businesses to make a bold statement and leave a lasting impression on potential customers. Whether it's a retail store, office building, or construction site, building wrap can turn an ordinary space into an extraordinary one.

Benefits of Building Wrap

1. Increased Brand Visibility: Building wrap acts as a 24/7 advertisement for your business, attracting attention from pedestrians and motorists alike. It allows you to showcase your brand in a visually appealing and memorable way.
2. Brand Differentiation: With building wrap, you can stand out from the competition and establish a unique identity in the market. By incorporating your brand's colours, logo, and message, you can create a visual masterpiece that sets you apart.
3. Cost-Effective Marketing: Building wrap provides a cost-effective solution for long-term advertising. Unlike traditional forms of advertising, which require continuous investment, building wrap offers a one-time expense with lasting benefits.

Stage Hire: Elevating Events to New Heights

What is stage hire? Stage hire involves the rental of temporary staging structures for events and performances. It provides a versatile and customisable platform for presentations, concerts, exhibitions, and more. With stage hire, you can create an elevated experience for your audience and enhance the overall impact of your event.

The Power of Stage Hire in New Zealand

New Zealand is known for its vibrant arts and culture scene, with numerous events and festivals taking place throughout the year. Stage hire plays a crucial role in these events, enabling organisers to create immersive and memorable experiences. From music festivals to corporate conferences, stage hire can elevate any event to new heights.

Benefits of Stage Hire

1. Flexibility and Customisation: Stage hire offers endless possibilities for customization. Whether you need a simple platform or a complex stage setup, you can tailor the design to fit your specific event requirements. This flexibility allows you to create a unique experience that aligns with your brand and engages your audience.
2. Enhanced Visibility: A well-designed stage can significantly improve the visibility of performers or presenters, ensuring that their message reaches the audience effectively. With proper lighting, sound, and branding elements, stage hire can enhance the overall impact and professionalism of your event.
3. Efficient and Safe Setup: Professional stage hire companies, such as SafeSmart Access, ensure a streamlined and safe installation process. Their expertise in hire scaffolding and stage construction ensures that your event is set up efficiently, adhering to industry standards and regulations.

Conclusion

In the competitive business landscape of New Zealand, standing out from the crowd is essential. Building wrap in NZ and stage hire offer unique and powerful ways to unleash creativity and increase visibility for your brand. Building wrap transforms any building into a captivating masterpiece, while stage hire elevates events to new heights. By harnessing the power of these creative solutions, businesses can create a strong visual presence and leave a lasting impression on their target audience. So, unleash your creativity, make a bold statement, and take your brand visibility to new levels in New Zealand with building wrap and stage hire.

@ 25c671ae:0ecf09c0

When it comes to capturing attention, creativity and visibility are key in any marketing strategy. In today's fast-paced world, businesses are always on the lookout for innovative ways to stand out from the competition. Building wrap and stage hire are two effective tools that can help businesses unleash their creativity and increase their visibility in New Zealand (NZ). In this article, we will explore the power of building wrap and stage hire in New Zealand and how they can elevate your brand. Building Wrap: Making a Bold Statement What is building wrap? Building wrap is a large-scale graphic vinyl wrap that covers the exterior of a building. It can transform any dull or ordinary building into a stunning work of art that captures the attention of anyone passing by. Building wrap can be customised to display bold imagery, vibrant colours, and eye-catching designs that reflect your brand. The Impact of Building Wrap in New Zealand In a competitive market like New Zealand, it is crucial for businesses to create a strong visual presence. Building wrap provides an opportunity for businesses to make a bold statement and leave a lasting impression on potential customers. Whether it's a retail store, office building, or construction site, building wrap can turn an ordinary space into an extraordinary one.

Benefits of Building Wrap

1. Increased Brand Visibility: Building wrap acts as a 24/7 advertisement for your business, attracting attention from pedestrians and motorists alike. It allows you to showcase your brand in a visually appealing and memorable way.
2. Brand Differentiation: With building wrap, you can stand out from the competition and establish a unique identity in the market. By incorporating your brand's colours, logo, and message, you can create a visual masterpiece that sets you apart.
3. Cost-Effective Marketing: Building wrap provides a cost-effective solution for long-term advertising. Unlike traditional forms of advertising, which require continuous investment, building wrap offers a one-time expense with lasting benefits.

Stage Hire: Elevating Events to New Heights

What is stage hire? Stage hire involves the rental of temporary staging structures for events and performances. It provides a versatile and customisable platform for presentations, concerts, exhibitions, and more. With stage hire, you can create an elevated experience for your audience and enhance the overall impact of your event.

The Power of Stage Hire in New Zealand

New Zealand is known for its vibrant arts and culture scene, with numerous events and festivals taking place throughout the year. Stage hire plays a crucial role in these events, enabling organisers to create immersive and memorable experiences. From music festivals to corporate conferences, stage hire can elevate any event to new heights. Benefits of Stage Hire 1. Flexibility and Customisation: Stage hire offers endless possibilities for customization. Whether you need a simple platform or a complex stage setup, you can tailor the design to fit your specific event requirements. This flexibility allows you to create a unique experience that aligns with your brand and engages your audience. 2. Enhanced Visibility: A well-designed stage can significantly improve the visibility of performers or presenters, ensuring that their message reaches the audience effectively. With proper lighting, sound, and branding elements, stage hire can enhance the overall impact and professionalism of your event. 3. Efficient and Safe Setup: Professional stage hire companies, such as SafeSmart Access, ensure a streamlined and safe installation process. Their expertise in hire scaffolding and stage construction ensures that your event is set up efficiently, adhering to industry standards and regulations. Conclusion In the competitive business landscape of New Zealand, standing out from the crowd is essential. Building wrap in NZ and stage hire offer unique and powerful ways to unleash creativity and increase visibility for your brand. Building wrap transforms any building into a captivating masterpiece, while stage hire elevates events to new heights. By harnessing the power of these creative solutions, businesses can create a strong visual presence and leave a lasting impression on their target audience. So, unleash your creativity, make a bold statement, and take your brand visibility to new levels in New Zealand with building wrap and stage hire.

@ 47785dc8:ecbeafdb

Opinion about /hardware/trezorOne/

1. Hello Nostr
2. Hello 2

#WalletScrutiny #NostrComment

join the conversation!

@ ef1a1108:d2bb31da

Nostr for The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

This Sunday, 28.01.2024 at 18:00 - 19:00 UTC we're inviting you to take pare in a very unique #zapathon

Nostrians taking part in this special zapathon that will play in tune with thousands of people playing together with The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity on their 32nd Grand Finale! Hence the name #orchestrathon

The goal of #orchestrathon is to support the goal of this years Grand Finale, which is: funding equipment for diagnosing, monitoring and rehabilitating lung diseases of patients in pulmonology wards for children and adults in Poland

That means all bitcoin from zaps will be converted to PLN and donated to The Great of Christmas Charity foundation.

What's The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity? What is the 32nd Grand Finale?! You'll find all of those answers on Geyser project story, or a few paragraphs below 👇 Now coming back to #orchestrathon...

What Is #Orchesthrathon

This Nostr account is a was generated on Geyser and is tied to Geyser project: Bitcoiners support The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity

That means all zaps sent to this account are at the same time funding Geyser campaing.

So not only you will contribute to the goal in the project, also all the zap comments will be visable there.

Ain't that crazy? We can use this campaign as one giant #orchestrathon client!

Rules are simple:

1. On Sunday at 18.00 - 19.00 we all connect to our relays to join the #orchestrathon
2. For the whole hour - you can zap this profile, our posts or comments as crazy!
3. At 19.00 it's culmination of both #orchestrathon and Grand Finale

All Nostrians who zap will receive special badges, depending on the zapped amount (in total):

On Sunday there will be lot's of concerts and events happening all day, culminating with Grand Finale closing at 19.00. We will try to launch a stream on zap.stream, so we can enjoy Grand Finale and concerts together!

This #orchestrathon and Geyser fundraise is organised by Dwadzieścia Jeden, a community of polish Bitcoiners. More about us and Proof of Work in the project story 👇

We're not only Bitcoiners, are also Nostrians, follow us: Dwadzieścia Jeden account: @npub1cpmvpsqtzxl4px44dp4544xwgu0ryv2lscl3qexq42dfakuza02s4fsapc Saunter: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru Fmar: @npub1xpuz4qerklyck9evtg40wgrthq5rce2mumwuuygnxcg6q02lz9ms275ams JesterHodl: @npub18s59mqct7se3xkhxr3epkagvuydwtvhpsacj67shrta8eknynegqttz5c3 Tomek K: @npub14wxtsrj7g2jugh70pfkzjln43vgn4p7655pgky9j9w9d75u465pqvagcye Tom Chojnacki: @npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru Gracjan Pietras: @npub1trkudtnp7jg3tmy4sz8mepmgs5wdxk9x2esgts25mgkyecrse7js6ptss5 Tomek Waszczyk @npub1ah8phwmfyl2lakr23kt95kea3yavpt4m3cvppawuwkatllnrm4eqtuwdmk

Original Geyser project story

Saving Lives and Preserving Health

Dwadzieścia Jeden a polish node in decentralised bitcoin communities network Twenty One, is proud to facilitate bitcoin fundraising for the biggest, non-governmental, non-profit, charity in Poland — The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity.

For the past 31 years, GOCC continuously fundraises money for pediatric and elderly care in Poland. Each year, a culmination of the raise occurs during the last Sunday of January in the shape of The Grand Finale — a joyful day that when tens of thousands volunteers worldwide, especially kids and teenagers, go on the streets to gather money for the cause, giving donors hear-shaped stickers with logo of the foundation. If you're in Poland on that day, basically every person you'll meet on the street will proudly wear GOCC heart.

The same hear-shaped stickers can be seen in every hospital in Poland on thousands of high quality medical equipment bought by The Great Orchestra. There is not a single polish family that hasn't benefited in some way from this equipment, and it saved thousands of lives, especially the little ones.

32nd Grand Finale Goal

This year, 32rd Grand Finale will take place on 28th of January. The aim of the 32nd Grand Finale is post-pandemic lung diseases — the raised funds will be used to purchase equipment for children's and adults' respiratory units.

The Foundation plans to purchase:

• equipment for diagnostic imaging, i.a. MRI and ultrasound equipment,

• equipment for functional diagnosis, i.a. polysomnographs and portable spirometers,

• equipment for endoscopic diagnosis, i.a. navigational bronchoscopy systems and bronchoscopes

• equipment for rehabilitation - equipment for pulmonary rehabilitation used in the treatment of patients after lung transplantation

• equipment for thoracic surgery, e.g. electrocoagulation systems and cryoprobes.

The Great Orchestra of Proof of Work

• 31 years of non-stop fundraising for state-of-the-art saving life equipment, running medical and educational programmes and humanitarian aid

• 2 billion PLN or ~11,781 BTC raised in total

• Areas of help: children's cardiac surgery, oncology, geriatrics, neonatology, children's nephrology, children's and young people's mental health services, ambulances for children's hospitals, volunteer firefighters & search & rescue units

• Last year Grand Finale raised over PLN 240 million (1,410 BTC) for a goal to fight sepsis

• You can check how money from 2022 report (224 376 706 PLN or ~1,321.69 BTC) raise were spent here (although it's in polish)

• In addition to work focused on Poland, GOCC fundraised money for hospitals in Ukraine and provided substantial humanitarian aid for Ukrainian refugees, Polish-Belarusian border crisis, Turkey earthquake victims and more

• GOCC is the most-trusted Polish organization and is at the top of the list as the most trusted public entities in Poland

What We'll Do With Gathered Funds

Gathered bitcoin will be converted to PLN by a polish exchange Quark and donated to The Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity after The Grand Finale which takes place on January 28th.

Dwadzieścia Jeden Proof of Work

We're a group of polish pleb Bitcoiners that started organising ourselves about 2 years ago.

Our activities include:

• organising regular bitcoin meetups in several cities in Poland, also Nostr meetup in Warsaw

• organising Bitcoin FilmFest and European Halving Party in Warsaw

• orangepilling and maintaining map of polish bitcoin merchants in Poland on btcmap.org

• translating bitcoin FOSS to polish language

• writing and translating articles to polish

• giving talks on bitcoin

• volounteering for helping with bitcoin payments and running bitcoin workshops on non-conferences (eg. Weekend of Capitalism)

• working in human rights centered NGOs and promoting bitcoin as a tool for protecting human rights

• ...and we're just starting!

Find Out More

• Official GOCC website

• Wikipedia page about GOCC

Gallery

@ 28246aee:62b108ad

This post was originally published on https://tftc.io by Marty Bent.

Read original post

We submitted a legal response to the U.S. Department of the Treasury and FinCEN’s proposed rules that would seriously harm privacy by effectively prohibiting basic bitcoin best practices such as not reusing addresses and collaborative bitcoin transactions.

Below is an exact reproduction of the letter we have submitted to Treasury and FinCEN as part of the public request for comment period.

We are proud to have 26 bitcoin companies sign this letter to FinCEN in agreement with this position. They are listed individually at the bottom of this page.

You can download a PDF of the letter here:

[

Section-311-Mixing-Transactions-Designation-NPRM-Comment-Letter

Section-311-Mixing-Transactions-Designation-NPRM-Comment-Letter.pdf

608 KB

.a{fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px;}download-circle

](https://tftc.io/content/files/2024/01/Section-311-Mixing-Transactions-Designation-NPRM-Comment-Letter.pdf "Download")

Here it is in it's entirety:

Andrea Gacki January 22, 2024
Director
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
U.S. Department of the Treasury
P.O. Box 39
Vienna, VA 22183

SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY

Re: Docket Number FINCEN–2023–0016 – Proposal of Special Measure Regarding Convertible Virtual Currency Mixing as a Class of Transactions of Primary Money Laundering Concern

Dear Director Gacki:

We appreciate the opportunity to comment on Docket Number FINCEN-2023-0016 (the "Mixing Transaction NPRM"), released by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN") on October 22, 2023.[1] We are a variety of unaffiliated companies that rely on important cybersecurity safeguards and privacy-enabling software to protect our businesses and our users. The extreme breadth of the rules proposed by the Mixing Transaction NPRM would overly burden our use of such technologies in ways that would not assist FinCEN in achieving its mandate of preventing money laundering and other illicit use of money. As a result, we write to express our grave concerns regarding the novelty and scope of the Proposed Special Measures and the inadequate definitions contained therein.[2]

The Proposed Special Measures would unreasonably infringe upon the legitimate financial privacy interests of cryptocurrency users, and would apply to a variety of digital techniques that are not mixing transactions at all, but rather simply represent good cybersecurity practices. Moreover, the Proposed Special Measures are unnecessary to achieve FinCEN's aim, and we encourage FinCEN to either withdraw the Mixing Transaction NPRM altogether or to pursue a less invasive, less restrictive, and more effective approach—the same approach it has used since its first enforcement activities in the cryptocurrency space in 2013—to enforcement against specific bad actors.

1. FinCEN should exercise caution and either withdraw entirely or narrowly tailor the Mixing Transaction NPRM because if adopted, the Mixing Transaction NPRM would not only represent the first time FinCEN used its Section 311 powers against a class of transactions, but also the first time FinCEN has ever imposed Special Measure 1.

Historically, FinCEN has exercised caution in making designations under Section 311 and implementing Special Measures. Section 311 (31 U.S.C. 5318A), authorizes the U.S. Department of Treasury ("Treasury") to designate a foreign jurisdiction, financial institution, class of transactions, or type of account as being of "primary money laundering concern" and impose one or more of five possible "special measures." Treasury delegated that authority to FinCEN, which has used its power quite sparingly since Section 311's enactment. The first Section 311 action instituted by FinCEN in the virtual currency space occurred in 2013, when FinCEN instituted special measures against Liberty Reserve. Prior to that time, between 2002 and 2013, FinCEN had only ever implemented special measures against just four jurisdictions and 13 financial institutions. After a protracted legal battle regarding a Section 311 action between 2015-2017, FinCEN seemed reluctant to use its Section 311 powers widely. [3] The creation of the Global Investigations Division (GID) in 2019 [4] and the enactment of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, which increased FinCEN's authority "to prohibit or impose conditions upon certain transmittals of funds (to be defined by the Secretary) by any domestic financial institution or domestic financial agency," [5] coincided with an uptick in the use of Section 311 powers and a broadening of FinCEN's attention to all 5 available Special Measures.

Importantly, throughout its use of Section 311, FinCEN traditionally imposes Special Measure Number 5 to isolate a specific foreign financial institution and prevent it from accessing the U.S. financial system. Until this Mixing Transaction NPRM, FinCEN has only used Special Measure Number 1 one other time—in 2012 against JSC CredexBank ("Credex").[6] FinCEN later withdrew that proposed rule in 2016. [7] If adopted, the Mixing Transaction NPRM would constitute the first time FinCEN has imposed Special Measure Number 1 in exercising its Section 311 Powers. Moreover, this Mixing Transaction NPRM represents the very first time FinCEN has sought to designate an entire class of transactions as a primary money laundering concern. We encourage FinCEN to exercise extreme caution in the exercise of its Section 311 powers in such a novel way—the first-ever designation of a class of transactions and the first-ever imposition of Special Measure 1.

Exercising caution in Section 311 powers reflects the seriousness of Treasury's policy purposes for invoking its powers to make primary money laundering concern designations and impose special measures—namely, to act as a signal to the world that FinCEN is "serious about ensuring that the international financial system is safeguarded against the threat of money laundering." [8] As Treasury explained in the press release announcing the very first use of its Section 311 powers in 2002, when FinCEN uses Section 311, "[FinCEN] tell[s] the world clearly that these jurisdictions [or entities or transactions] are bad for business and that their financial controls cannot be trusted." [9] For the reasons further explained below, FinCEN's targeting of convertible virtual currency ("CVC") [10] purported "mixing" transactions does not achieve these aims. Rather than target transactions that are "bad for business," the Mixing Transaction NPRM targets an overly broad range of technical approaches used as best practices both by businesses and individuals for ensuring the security of CVC and impinges on privacy rights of legitimate users of CVC. In an attempt to exercise authority it has never used before (class of transactions) through a special measure it has never previously imposed successfully (special measure 1), FinCEN created a proposed rule fraught with misunderstandings and overreach. We urge FinCEN to withdraw the rule and reconsider its approach to this novel use of its authority.

2. The Mixing Transaction NPRM proposes a rule that is an improper and overbroad application of Section 311 measures to achieve transaction surveillance and suppression that FinCEN does not otherwise have a lawful basis to undertake.

Although the Mixing Transaction NPRM ostensibly designates a class of transactions as being of Primary Money Laundering Concern, its real goal is to uncover an alternative method for collecting information about and suppressing the use of digital currency in general. The Mixing Transaction NPRM is an improper and overbroad application of Section 311 measures for that purpose. Indeed, although the Mixing Transaction NPRM allegedly sanctions a class of transactions, it inconsistently throughout refers to "CVC mixers," "CVC mixing" and "CVC mixing services" by reference to specific business entities [11] and as a type of business model more generally.[12] If FinCEN has reason to believe specific entities conduct illicit activities, FinCEN could use the Section 311 powers it has traditionally and successfully used to target specific entities as financial institutions of primary money laundering concern. Such an approach offers a more targeted way to address actual money laundering while protecting legitimate users of legitimate privacy-enhancing tools.

Notably, Treasury has separately sanctioned what it refers to as CVC mixing transactions through its Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) authority to designate people or property who conduct transactions with specifically designated foreign jurisdictions identified through executive order as posing terrorist threats. [13] Treasury is currently facing legal challenges to, and has been widely criticized for, its attempt to sanction the Tornado Cash open source software as property of a non-existent entity Treasury alleges is called "the Tornado Cash DAO entity." [14] Although we agree with the many arguments as to why Treasury's OFAC action with regard to Tornado Cash software is an example of agency overreach, we wish to make a different but related point here. To justify its OFAC sanctions against the Tornado Cash software, Treasury had to designate the software as property of an entity. [15] OFAC officially explained as part of defending its sanction to a judge that the Tornado Cash software was property under Treasury's regulations because it fell within the broad reach of "any contract whatsoever." [16] Although the definition of "transaction" under the BSA regulations is quite broad, it does not encompass "any contract whatsoever" but rather centers on monetary transfers and specific services offered by financial institutions, and provides a catch-all for "any other payment, transfer, or delivery by, through or to a financial institution, by whatever means effected." [17] No part of the definition applicable to CVC mixing is also a contract.[18]

In other words, in proposing the Mixing Transaction NPRM, one arm of Treasury is classifying CVC mixing as a transaction type while another arm of Treasury argues that mixing is a contract for services. Under the regulations governing both enforcement actions, mixing activity cannot be both a transaction type and a contract for service simultaneously. Treasury's attempt to designate mixing software as both a type of transaction and a contract is evidence of the arbitrary and capricious nature of its attempt to regulate open-source software that enhances the digital privacy of legitimate CVC users. To the extent that FinCEN really wants to target non-custodial, open-source software that individuals can use on their own accounts, FinCEN exceeds its statutory authority.

Indeed, tools that enhance digital privacy in CVC transactions simply seek to enable a form of digital cash. As a result, in its rush to find a way to suppress CVC mixing transactions, by whichever means, even if inconsistent amongst different internal branches of its own agency, FinCEN's Mixing Transaction NPRM amounts to an attempt to sanction "all transactions conducted in cash," which is both impossible and an unreasonable over-extension of its rulemaking authority.

3. The Mixing Transaction NPRM should be withdrawn because the proposed definition of "CVC mixing" is overbroad and targets lawful activity in a way that makes the agency's proposed action arbitrary and capricious.

Setting aside FinCEN's own apparent confusion about whether CVC mixing is a transaction, a service, a business, or a specific business entity, when FinCEN does attempt to define the "class" of transactions that it considers to be CVC mixing, the Mixing Transaction NPRM's definition of "mixing" is extremely broad and includes numerous activities routinely conducted by legitimate users as a matter of routine safety precautions in online transacting in CVC. Specifically, the Mixing Transaction NPRM provides:

The term "CVC mixing" means the facilitation of CVC transactions in a manner that obfuscates the source, destination, or amount involved in one or more transactions, regardless of the type of protocol or service used, such as: (1) pooling or aggregating CVC from multiple persons, wallets, addresses or accounts; (2) using programmatic or algorithmic code to coordinate, manage, or manipulate the structure of a transaction; (3) splitting CVC for transmittal and transmitting the CVC through a series of independent transactions; (4) creating and using single-use wallets, addresses, or accounts, and sending CVC through such wallets, addresses, or accounts through a series of independent transactions; (5) exchanging between types of CVC or other digital assets; [19] or (6) facilitating user-initiated delays in transactional activity. [20]

Indeed, most of the activities captured by the proposed definition of CVC mixing are considered established best practices within the industry for the use and safekeeping of CVC. Specifically, the proposed definition encompasses lightning transactions, single-use wallets, atomic swaps, decentralized finance protocols, privacy coin features, and multi-signature wallets, among other things. The main commonality among this broad range of software tools is that they enhance digital privacy and offer basic cyber-security techniques to owners or custodians of CVC. Employing these techniques to safeguard valuable digital assets is as routine and mundane and free of illicit purpose as using two-factor authentication to secure a digital wallet containing payment card information or an X (formerly Twitter) account to prevent an unauthorized announcement.[21]

4. The Mixing Transaction NPRM should be withdrawn because its inaccurate depiction of standard security practices as "mixing" impermissibly restricts the capacity of users to protect their property so that FinCEN can conduct a fishing expedition.

The proposed rule describes as red flags such everyday practices as "creating and using single address wallets" and "splitting CVC for transmittal." [22] The standard practice among cryptocurrency users is to change addresses with every transaction. For example, Coinbase Exchange describes to their users that: "[w]e automatically generate a new address for you after every transaction you make or when funds are moved between your wallet and our storage system. This is done to protect your privacy, so a third party cannot view all other transactions associated with your account simply by using a blockchain explorer." [23]

The fact that a small subset of users, who may be criminals, engage in the same operational security practices as ordinary users does not make those operational security practices suspect. The fact that criminals may use two-factor authentication to protect the security of their online applications does not mean that the use of two-factor authentication is itself an indicator or facilitator of criminal activity. In exactly the same way, the fact that users do not reuse Bitcoin addresses is merely indicative of basic operational security.

In an apparent recognition of the fact that these tools legitimately enable important cyber-security precautions, FinCEN exempts financial institutions from reporting on any of their own mixing transactions that they may conduct in the course of providing services to the public.[24] By exempting financial institutions from the rule, FinCEN creates a regime where financial institutions can take proper cyber-security measures for using CVC, but regular people cannot.

Perhaps even more problematic, throughout the Mixing Transaction NPRM, FinCEN justifies the proposed rule as necessary to enable law enforcement and the agency to better understand the transactions and the extent to which illicit activity occurs through CVC mixing. [25] The extraordinary and never before successfully invoked Section 311 power to designate a class of transactions and implement special measure 1 is not appropriate for use in a fact-finding mission. Employing such overly broad definitions as proposed in the Mixing Transaction NPRM for the purpose of authorizing an invasive fact-finding mission represents an arbitrary and capricious use of FinCEN's delegated rulemaking authority because FinCEN's justification for the rule lies outside of the statutory criteria for determining a class of transactions is of primary money laundering concern.

Specifically, FinCEN is statutorily required to consider the following factors when determining that a class of transactions is of primary money laundering concern: (1) the extent to which the class of transactions is used to facilitate or promote money laundering in or through a jurisdiction outside of the United States, including money laundering activity with connections to international terrorism, organized crime, and proliferation of WMDs and missiles; (2) the extent to which a class of transactions is used for legitimate business purposes; and (3) the extent to which action by FinCEN would guard against international money laundering and other financial crimes." [26] Throughout the Mixing Transaction NPRM, FinCEN acknowledges that due to a lack of data and a lack of understanding of CVC mixers, it cannot sufficiently assess the extent to which CVC mixing and the proposed rule measures up under any of these three criteria. [27] FinCEN's assessment ultimately boils down to: FinCEN does not have sufficient information to properly assess the statutory criteria required to justify the proposed rule, so the proposed rule is justified because, in FinCEN's own words, it "is necessary to better understand the illicit finance risk posed by CVC mixing." [28] Using a sanction to obtain the information necessary to justify imposing the sanction even when the agency knows that doing so will likely impose a high burden on legitimate uses and financial institutions is the definition of arbitrary and capricious regulatory action.

5. The Mixing Transaction NPRM should be withdrawn or significantly narrowed in scope because FinCEN's required statutory analysis fails to adequately value the legitimate uses of CVC mixing services and unduly burdens legitimate users and financial institutions.

FinCEN admits that public blockchains "make it possible to know someone's entire financial history on the blockchain" [29] and that it "recognizes that there are legitimate reasons why responsible actors might want to conduct financial transactions in a secure and private manner given the amount of information available on public blockchains." [30] Yet, in the same document, alleges that the Mixing Transaction NPRM is necessary because CVC "is not without its risks and, in particular, the use of CVC to anonymize illicit activity undermines the legitimate and innovative uses of CVC." [31] These two propositions cannot be simultaneously accurate.

As a matter of technical reality, FinCEN's assertion that public blockchains expose a user's entire financial history on the blockchain to the public for everyone to see and inspect is correct. [32] Indeed, that creates the fundamental need for legitimate CVC users to conduct CVC mixing transactions—to reintroduce the same level of financial privacy that they enjoy in the traditional financial system [33] to their transactions via CVC (for example, the traditional financial system does not expose a consumer's entire credit card history to the public, and indeed, federal law requires that financial institutions protect such information from being exposed to the public [34]). [35]

Ensuring their CVC transactions enjoy the same level of privacy as transactions in traditional finance reduces the potential danger of personal harm to legitimate users and enables legitimate users to avoid waiving their constitutional right to privacy. When the identity of a legitimate CVC user is known and connected to the wallets holding CVC assets, the user becomes a target for kidnap, robbery, extortion, and hacking schemes. [36] Further, because of this inherent transparency by design of public blockchains, the Fifth Circuit recently ruled that no expectation of privacy exists for users of permissionless public blockchains who take no additional action to privacy-protect their transactions. [37] Legitimate users employ privacy-enhancing software when transacting in CVC in order to avoid inadvertently waiving their constitutionally protected privacy rights.

Ultimately, FinCEN has completely failed in its obligation to adequately account for the impact on legitimate users as required by its rulemaking authority. In defending its selection of special measure 1 over 2 through 5, FinCEN emphasizes, without explanation, that special measure 1—additional record keeping—allows legitimate users to continue using privacy-enhancing software without interruption. [38] This is false, as covered entities must report on any transaction that may have involved CVC mixing and a foreign jurisdiction. Indeed, read broadly, it is possible that the rules proposed by the Mixing Transaction NPRM require reporting on transactions that involve CVC that were transacted through mixing software at any point in the asset's transaction history. Such reporting directly impedes the reasons for which legitimate users employ mixing software (to enhance financial privacy) by requiring the elimination of financial privacy (it is not a private transaction if an intermediary must surveil and report on the transaction). Software tools like mixers that enhance digital financial privacy provide a true electronic equivalent to cash. Notably, transactions in cash are not subject to rules such as those proposed in the Mixing Transaction NPRM. In an apparent acknowledgment of this deep and inherent conflict between the rules proposed by the Mixing Transaction NPRM and the legitimate uses to which legitimate users put CVC mixing software, FinCEN itself predicts that the rule will chill the use of CVC mixers.

6. The Mixing Transaction NPRM should be withdrawn because it requires covered financial institutions to perform law enforcement's function to accomplish FinCEN's AML goals, which FinCEN, DOJ, and law enforcement can achieve using existing tools when they have a proper legal basis to employ those tools.

Like the definitions of CVC mixing and CVC mixer, the Mixing Transaction NPRM's information reporting requirements demonstrate a deep lack of technological understanding. Notably, all of the transaction information that the Mixing Transaction NPRM proposes to include in required reports by covered financial institutions involves data that, in most circumstances, FinCEN can just as easily obtain itself through blockchain data analytics. Similarly, the customer information that FinCEN would require covered financial institutions to report includes the same kinds of information such institutions must already report if a transaction raises sufficient red flags to trigger the filing of a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR). Nevertheless, the Mixing Transaction NPRM seeks to require covered financial institutions to file such reports on every single transaction for which the CVC involved may have ever been transacted through the extremely broad set of software that FinCEN's proposed rule defines as CVC mixing software. In other words, because law enforcement investigations into activity involving CVC are sometimes more difficult, FinCEN seeks to impose broad surveillance of individuals without cause through covered financial institutions. Covered financial institutions should not have to become de facto law enforcement officers to make investigations easier for FinCEN.

FinCEN, the Department of Justice, and law enforcement have previously and successfully employed the very tools FinCEN asks financial institutions to use for reporting compliance under the Mixing Transaction NPRM to target specific illicit actors. FinCEN has demonstrated that it knows how to properly investigate and enforce against specific custodial CVC mixing service providers that are not complying with the regulations to which they are subject. Specifically targeting illicit actors about which FinCEN and law enforcement have built a clear, strong case using the available blockchain data analytics tools better balances the need to combat illicit CVC mixing with the legitimate use of CVC mixing by individuals seeking to protect their legitimate, constitutionally and statutorily protected privacy interests.

For all of the reasons discussed above, we urge FinCEN to withdraw the Mixing Transaction NPRM altogether.

Thank you for your consideration.

If you have any questions or would like additional information, please see the contact information below:

Rafael Yakobi, Esq.
Managing Partner
The Crypto Lawyers, PLLC.
rafael@thecryptolawyers.com
(619) 317-0722

Sincerely,

Samourai Wallet, Ten31, River, Strike, RoninDojo, Swan Bitcoin, Primal, GRIID, Zaprite, Peach, Mempool Space, Upstream Data, Stakwork, Vida Global, Voltage, Coinkite, Mutiny Wallet, Standard Bitcoin Company, Satoshi Energy, Cathedra Bitcoin, AnchorWatch, Bitnob, Oshi, Battery Finance,Fold, Start9

---

1. FinCEN, Proposal of Special Measure Regarding Convertible Virtual Currency Mixing, as a Class of Transactions
   of Primary Money Laundering Concern, Dkt. FINCEN-2023-0016 (Oct. 22, 2023) https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/federal_register_notices/2023-10-19/FinCEN_311MixingNPRM_FINAL.pdf [hereinafter Mixing Transaction NPRM”] ↩︎
2. In this regard, we intend this letter to specifically respond to FinCEN’s request for comments A(1)-(8), B(2)-(3), C(1), D(2), and D(11) as listed in the Mixing Transaction NPRM. ↩︎
3. See FBME Bank Ltd. v. Lew, 125 F. Supp. 3d 109 (D.D.C. 2015); FBME Bank Ltd. v. Lew, 142 F.Supp.3d 70 (D.D.C. 2015); FBME Bank Ltd. v. Lew, 209 F.Supp.3d 299 (D.D.C. 2016); FBME Bank Ltd. v. Munchin, 249 F. Supp.3d 215 (D.D.C. 2017). ↩︎
4. FinCEN, Press Release, New FinCEN Division Focuses on Identifying Primary Foreign Money Laundering Threats (Aug. 28, 2019),https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/new-fincen-division-focuses-identifying-primary-foreign-money-laundering-threats. We note with some alarm that the timing of GID’s creation coincided with the release of FinCEN’s 2019 CVC guidance, indicating that perhaps the two were coordinated and greater targeting of CVC users has been underway for some time. ↩︎
5. 2021 NDAA, Section 9714, https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/hr6395/BILLS-116hr6395enr.pdf. ↩︎
6. 77 Fed. Reg. 31,794 (Mar. 30, 2012). ↩︎
7. 81 Fed. Reg. 14,408 (Mar. 17, 2016). ↩︎
8. U.S. Dept. Treas., Press Release, Fact Sheet Regarding the Treasury Department’s Use of Sanctions: Authorized Under Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT ACT (Dec. 20, 2002), https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/po3711. ↩︎
9. Id. ↩︎
10. We note that we dislike the term convertible virtual currency, as it does not fit industry understanding of the technical realities of cryptocurrencies and their many uses. We use the term in this letter only because it is the language that FinCEN has adopted for the implementation of its regulations. As an aside, we would encourage FinCEN to adopt more technically accurate vocabulary for implementing its regulations, as doing so would help FinCEN avoid proposing unworkable and overbroad regulations such as the Mixing Transaction NPRM. ↩︎
11. See, e.g., Mixing Transaction NPRM, supra note 1, at 15 (“ChipMixer, a darknet CVC ‘mixing’ service”); 16 (referring to Bestmixer.io as a CVC mixing transaction); 20 (referring to enforcement against “Bitcoin Fog”). ↩︎
12. See, e.g., id. at 5 (“persons who facilitate…CVC mixing transactions”); 18 (“RAILGUN falls under the umbrella of CVC mixing…because it uses its privacy protocol to manipulate the structure of the transaction to appear as being sent from the RAILGUN contract address, thus obscuring the true originator.”); 20 (“CVC mixing services often deliberately operate opaquely…”.) ↩︎
13. U.S. Dpt. Treas., Press Release, U.S. Treasury Sanctions Notorious Virtual Currency Mixer Tornado Cash (Aug. 8, 2022), https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0916. ↩︎
14. See, e.g., Van Loon et. al., v. OFAC, No. 23-506669 (5th Cir. 2023) (notably, a variety of amici intervened with arguments critiquing the OFAC sanction at both the District Court and 5th Circuit Court of Appeals); Peter Van Valkenburgh, New Tornado Cash Indictments Seem to Run Counter to FinCEN Guidance, CoinCenter (Aug. 23, 2023), https://www.coincenter.org/new-tornado-cash-indictments-seem-to-run-counter-to-fincen-guidance/. ↩︎
15. OFAC, FAQ 1095, https://ofac.treasury.gov/faqs/1095 (“OFAC designated the entity known as Tornado Cash, which is a “partnership, association, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization” that may be designated pursuant to the IEEPA.”). ↩︎
16. See, Order, Van Loon et. al. v. Dpt. Treas., 1:23-CV-312-RP at 18 (W.D. Tx. Aug. 17, 2023). ↩︎
17. 31 CFR 1010.100(bbb)(1). “Except as provided in paragraph (bbb)(2) of this section, transaction means a purchase, sale, loan, pledge, gift, transfer, delivery, or other disposition, and with respect to a financial institution includes a deposit, withdrawal, transfer between accounts, exchange of currency, loan, extension of credit, purchase or sale of any stock, bond, certificate of deposit, or other monetary instrument, security, contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery, option on any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery, option on a commodity, purchase or redemption of any money order, payment or order for any money remittance or transfer, purchase or redemption of casino chips or tokens, or other gaming instruments or any other payment, transfer, or delivery by, through, or to a financial institution, by whatever means effected.” ↩︎
18. Notably, in the Mixing Transaction NPRM, FinCEN refers to Tornado Cash as a “CVC mixer,” not as a CVC mixing transaction. Is mixing a transaction? Is mixing a contract? Is mixing a type of business? The fact that FinCEN cannot decide belies the inappropriateness of using its Section 311 sanctions as proposed. ↩︎
19. We note that the Mixing Transaction NPRM does not include a definition of “other digital assets” anywhere. Further, we are unaware of any definition of “digital assets” in FinCEN’s regulations or guidance. Finally, it is not clear to us how FinCEN has authority to impose regulatory reporting requirements upon exchanges of CVC for digital assets that are not CVC. See FinCEN, Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging or Using Virtual Currencies, FIN-2013-G001 (Mar. 18, 2013) (the phrase “digital assets” appears nowhere in the 2013 Guidance); FinCEN, Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Certain Business Models Involving Convertible Virtual Currencies (May 9, 2019) (the only time that the phrase “digital assets” appears in the 2019 Guidance is in footnote 75 in reference to the title of the SEC “Framework for Investment Contract Analysis of Digital Assets”). This is just another small but notable way in which FinCEN seeks to overreach its authority through the Mixing Transaction NPRM. ↩︎
20. Mixing Transaction NPRM, supra note 1, at 30-31. ↩︎
21. True Tamplin, How to Protect Your Digital Wallet from Cyber Threats, Forbes (Dec. 19, 2023, 2:00 pm EST), https://www.forbes.com/sites/truetamplin/2023/12/19/how-to-protect-your-digital-wallet-from-cyber-threats/?sh=1e9146825981 (noting the importance of 2FA for securing digital wallets). ↩︎
22. Mixing Transaction NPRM, supra note 1, at 30-31. ↩︎
23. See https://help.coinbase.com/en/exchange/managing-my-account/crypto-address-change ↩︎
24. Mixing Transaction NPRM, supra note 1, at 31. ↩︎
25. See, e.g., id. at 24 (“Furthermore, the information generated by this special measure would support investigations into illicit activities by actors who make use of CVC mixing to launder their ill-gotten CVC by law enforcement. At present, there is no similar or equivalent mechanism possessed by law enforcement to readily collect such information, depriving investigators of the information necessary to more effectively understand, investigate and hold illicit actors accountable.”). ↩︎
26. 31 U.S.C. 5318A(a)(1). ↩︎
27. See Mixing Transaction NPRM, supra note 1, at 19 (not enough data to know how much CVC mixing is used in money laundering); 22 (not enough “available transactional information” for FinCEN to “fully assess the extent to which or quantity thereof CVC mixing activity is attributed to legitimate purposes”); 22 (essentially claiming that FinCEN’s lack of information itself is reason enough to show that getting more information would guard against international money laundering). ↩︎
28. Id. at 23. ↩︎
29. Id. at 7. ↩︎
30. Id. at 21. ↩︎
31. Id. at 6-7. ↩︎
32. Matthias Nadler & Fabian Schar, Tornado Cash and Blockchain Privacy: A Primer for Economists and Policymakers, 105 Fed Res. Bk. St. Louis Rev. 122 (2023); Vitalik Buterin, et. al., Blockchain Privacy and Regulatory Compliance; Towards a Practical Equilibrium (Sept. 9, 2023) (unpublished manuscript), ↩︎
33. See, e.g., 12 U.S.C. §§ 3401-3423 (the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 (RFPA), which protects the confidentiality of personal financial records by creating a statutory fourth amendment protection for bank accounts). ↩︎
34. 16 C.F.R. Part 314, 67 Fed. Reg. 36484 (May 23, 2002) (FTC rule addressing the requirement that covered financial institutions safeguard non-public information”) ↩︎
35. Matthias & Schar, supra note 32. ↩︎
36. For a documented timeline of physical attacks on Bitcoin users, see Known Physical Bitcoin Attacks, GitHub
    https://github.com/jlopp/physical-bitcoin-attacks/blob/master/README.md (last visited Jan. 22, 2024). ↩︎
37. See United States v. Gratowski, No. 19-50492 (5th Cir. 2020). ↩︎
38. Mixing Transaction NPRM, supra note 1, at 25 (special measure 1 is the only special measure that will preserve “legitimate actors’ ability to continue conducting secure and private financial transactions.”). ↩︎

@ cce0989b:b497e608

There’s no shortage of opinions about what you should do or be or want or feel.

But the opinion that matters most is your own.

From time to time, it's important to ask yourself this question: Am I moving towards what others want or what I want?

It's a question that can keep you on the path that matters to you — rather than the one that you believe that you 'should' be on.

@ 064a50cc:2dd653e5

A Fractional CTO helps you in quickly launching your MVP in “weeks” and not “months”, and creating some low-hanging revenue stream for the product and leaves room for quick future scaling, and saves you from going off-track.

Fractional CTO for Early-Stage Startups

1. Understanding Your Product Idea and Long-Term Goal:

This is the first task essentially. The Fractional CTO understands what you want to create thoroughly, divide the total feature list of your product into “Regular features”, “Unique features”, “Complex Features” and goes to the next Step.

1. Help You Create the MVP Quickly:

A Fractional CTO will guide you to create a lean but useful MVP version of your product and launch within weeks and then put that into iteration for gaining more market.

1. Tech Stack Identification, Architecture Design, Building Technology and Product Development Roadmap:

Based on the specific demands of your product, a Fractional CTO will identify the Technical Stack to be used to achieve the goals and also considering the long term scalability of the product.

1. Guiding the Startup in Sourcing the Talent:

Depending upon the project needs and budget, a Fractional CTO may suggest you to either outsource the whole project to a proper Development Company like Agicent or to distribute different components of your product to different vendors.

1. Overseeing the Developmental Operations:

So they get involved in implementation as a Supervisor or a guide and review deliveries, give feedback to the team, help them with troubleshooting when needed.

Fractional CTO for Bigger Startups

1- All or a Part of What a Fractional CTO Does in an Early Stage Startups:

2- More Strategic Involvement:

Assuming that a bigger or mature startup will have more Technical leaders and Project and Product Managers, the role of the Fractional CTO here would be more focused on creating short and long term Strategies related to product development and Technology as a whole.

3- Creating and Owning Distributed Development Teams:

The CTO will define which team does what, and also design their collaboration protocol, setup up KPIs and KRAs and oversees and makes sure the work is being done as expected.

4- Helping in Creating Partnerships and Profitable Collaborations With Other SAAS Providers or Tech Companies:

You need your Fractional CTO whenever you want to forge a tech Partnership with another technology provider or a SaaS provider. The CTO will help you getting a better revenue sharing deal here.

5- Team Transition:

A Fractional CTO will guide the process of Transition when you outsource all or a part of the work to an offshore team or vice versa when you bring back your outsourced work and create your own inhouse development team.

Source: https://www.agicent.com/fractional-cto

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

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ODC #000000 - UX > IDEATE

Designing Digital Prototype for Bitcoin Covenant implementation

If you miss it, please read our WTF is ODC (Open Design Challenge) intro post from more details.

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Scenario

You're a product designer for a new bitcoin wallet (competitors are listed here thanks to @DarthCoin) and you're designing the interface to enable multiple spending rules for your bitcoins.

You're at the stage of the process where you need to start making a digital prototype to test what the final Covenant implementation will feel like: things like vaults, time locks on specific UTXOs, or any other spending rule that Covenants could enable.

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Task

Make a high-fidelity digital prototype. This prototype should demonstrate the flow of creating several spending rules for everyday and future transactions. You can review your competitors to see what kinds of things would be on an app like this. You may want to start with a wireframe.

Extra Credit: Add some interactivity to the prototype so that people looking at it can get a feel for what it would be like to use this interface on the final product.

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Guides

If you need help with this challenge, check out our hand-picked tutorial recommendations.

• Investigate covenants #607 on github.com

• An early description of covenants in Bitcoin on bitcointalk.org

• Bitcoin vaults without covenants on bitcoinops.org

• Learning Bitcoin and Design #13: Covenants on piped.video

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Tools

Not sure which tools to use? Try something new, go 💯% FOSS!

Pen and Paper (templates) by SneakPeeKit


PenPot by kaleidos

Prototype by QuantUX

Bitcoin UI Kit by Bitcoin.Design

HTML5 / CSS3 by developer.mozilla.org

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Share Your Results

When you finish the challenge, post your work including anonymized collected data and results on this thread! If you also share it on nostr, be sure to use the hashtag #opendesigner and tag Design_r@iris.to or @Design__r on X! We'll keep an eye out and repost good examples on a regular basis.

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Check our previous ODC and support this community for creative minds, where you'll be able to get open and constructive feedback one your PoW. Ask anything in the ~Design territory and get some ⚡sats for the value you provide!

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```

Bitcoin #Design #BitcoinDesign #OpenDesign #DesignChallenge #OpenDesignChallenge #BitcoinCovenants #BitcoinWallet #DigitalPrototype #SpendingRules #BitcoinDesign #NostrDesign #Nostr

```

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@ 51aeb349:8d28f566

[https://www.youtube.com/live/65iwnI2hjAA?si=GtaEIo9_upUZWRoP] 党国战狗出征英伦一事这两天炒得很热，但是很多人没有看懂事情是怎么发生的。其实关键点有两条，一是这群东西为什么要在那个特定的地点聚集，二是为什么这群东西这么害怕曝光。

先说第一点，这群东西为什么要在国王十字车站内的商业街聚集。正常来说，如果你不是刚从欧洲大陆过来下火车，没必要去那个地方，毕竟伦敦的标志性地点太多太多，所以这群玩意儿在那个地点出现的原因就是，有个牵绳的皮条客正从欧陆乘火车赶往伦敦完成拍摄，并且车站那里有一台公共钢琴。 所以这群东西在那里第一是等自己的皮条客，第二是等钢琴空出来。 在皮条客赶到之前，这群玩意儿已经跟Dr.K有过良好互动，其中那个肥仔已经坐在琴凳上简短弹奏过了，也侧面印证了牠们原本就计划利用这台公共钢琴。为什么后面态度突变，正是因为某个牵绳儿的皮条客已经赶到，跟牠们见面了，于是Dr.K再占用钢琴就耽误了牠们的拍摄进程（以及后续的活动安排）。 另一个明确的证据是，当Jim和那个谄笑马仔交谈几句之后，向Dr.K表示，中国“人”也想弹琴，Dr.K误解为想要在自己的直播中出镜，因为毕竟自己是两百万粉丝的视频主，于是开心的站起来迎向谄笑马仔，其实谄笑马仔本意是告诉Jim，我们要用那台钢琴拍摄视频，只是英文水平有限，表达不出来。

再说第二点，这群东西为什么害怕被拍上网。其实牠们自己在跟Dr.K的交涉中，以及在欺骗警察的陈述中，都已经表达得非常明显了，牠们拍摄视频是要卖给党国的电视台，而且规格不低，不像是地方台，很可能是CCAV一类机构，用于在蠢晚一类的歌舞升平秀当中插播，在卖瓢合同上白纸黑字写有“声音和图像不得在任何其它霉体出现，否则就属于违约，承担全部后果”之类的条款。 在皮条客乘火车赶到之前，这群政治觉悟不高的玩意儿不明白这一点，因为牠们级别不够，就是拿个出台费，根本看不到合同，所以之前多次被直播也没有任何反应。 当这个牵绳的皮条客跟他们会合了，才对此提出异议。所以现在党国战狗们有了两件大任务，一是把Dr.K撵走，二是删除Dr.K拍摄的视频（牠们很可能不知道这是直播，以为删除了就不会发布在网上了）。当然这两件任务是有先后顺序的，删视频优先级在前，闹事儿把Dr.K撵走在后。这也是为什么当Jim转告Dr.K中国“人”要弹钢琴，Dr.K开心的站起来迎上去，谄笑马仔第一句话不是说“你让位给我们”，而是“你不能拍我们”的原因，马仔毕竟是马仔，档次太低了。

这种事情最好的处理方案是什么？当然是给Dr.K戴高帽子，您太棒了！我10年前就是您的粉丝，做梦也没想到今天能遇到您本人，您会弹任何中国传统乐曲吗？来我们一起来合一段双人四手...[弹完以后]是这样的，我们代表中国的XX电视台，为中国十三亿观众拍摄一段贺岁视频，这是向中国十三亿韭菜介绍您的大好机会，您愿不愿意参与我们的拍摄呢？就是把我们刚才合奏的这段正式的再弹一遍，然后我教您用中文说一句祝福的话，就一句，很简单的，如果您愿意的话真是太好了，顺便说一句，我们这个拍摄活动是有合同约束的，就是相关视频不能在其它任何平台发布，所以只能遗憾的要求您把您自己拍摄的视频全部删除掉了，为了表示歉意，我们愿意给您提供一些补偿，比如说我们可以安排一期对您的专访节目，在CCAV的黄金时段播出，另外我们也可以提供一点经济补偿，您看XXXXX英镑合适吗？

可惜党国战狗们只有出征的亢奋，没有win-win的思路，才会一次又一次把自己的蠢和坏暴露在聚光灯下。

@ 126a29e8:d1341981

Para navegación con índice y una mejor visualización de las tablas te recomendamos la lectura de este artículo en nuestra web: https://w3.do/malaga2140@getalby-com/Taller-LN

¿Por qué usar Lightning Network?

Recientemente vivimos una temporada con muy alta demanda por el espacio en los bloques de Bitcoin, lo que provocó una comisión de minado inasumible para pequeños pagos onchain.

Ya había pasado antes y volverá a pasar. Usar la red Lightning de forma soberana no sólo aumenta la velocidad y la eficiencia de las transacciones, sino que también reduce el coste y ayuda a escalar la red para manejar un mayor volumen de transacciones.

Lightning Network es una red para procesar pagos instantáneos de bitcoin que fue presentada en enero de 2016 por Joseph Poon y Thaddeus Dryja como una solución al problema de escalabilidad de Bitcoin gracias al bajo coste y rapidez en las transacciones.

Desde luego no es una solución perfecta. La dificultad de usar Lightning de forma soberana es el motivo por el cual la mayoría de usuarios de la red no está en realidad usando Lightning sino un apunte contable en las llamadas wallets custodial (custodian los fondos por ti). La necesidad de que la wallet esté online para poder recibir un pago o el temor a cierre forzoso de canales son inconvenientes o fricciones que aún no están resueltas.

Pero que Lightning Network no sea perfecto no quiere decir que no funcione o que no vaya a seguir mejorando en el futuro. Por ejemplo, Proveedores de Servicio Lightning como los que vimos en el taller (Blixt, Phoenix, Zeus o Mutiny) ayudan a simplificar la gestión de canales a cambio de una comisión por apertura o empalme.

Pero … ¿LN es Bitcoin?

Pensemos en Bitcoin como un sistema de 2 capas:
⛓️ Capa 1: onchain → dentro de la cadena
⚡ Capa 2: offchain → fuera de la cadena

En la capa 1, cada transacción queda registrada en la cadena de bloques lo que garantiza la seguridad y la integridad del sistema.

La capa 2 funciona mediante la creación de canales de pago y para abrir un canal se realiza una transacción onchain que queda registrada en la cadena de bloques de Bitcoin. Dentro de estos canales, las transacciones pueden ocurrir de manera instantánea y sin la necesidad de confirmaciones en la cadena principal pero todo lo que se mueve en ellos forma parte de la emisión programada de bitcoin y se ha registrado previamente en una transacción onchain.

Lightning Network se basa en la seguridad e inmutabilidad de la blockchain de Bitcoin para su liquidación final. Por lo tanto: Si. LN es bitcoin.

💡 La relación entre Lightning Network y Bitcoin es similar a la que existe entre el protocolo base TCP/IP de Internet y protocolos de nivel superior como HTTP. Al igual que HTTP permite que la web florezca sobre los protocolos fundacionales de Internet, Lightning Network permite que un entorno de transacciones más dinámico florezca sobre Bitcoin. Es un ejemplo de la adaptabilidad y extensibilidad de Bitcoin que un sistema tan sofisticado pueda ser construido para operar sin problemas con él, mejorando sus capacidades sin comprometer sus atributos fundamentales.

Liquid, Cashu y otras soluciones que no son Bitcoin

En contraste, otras redes como Liquid o Cashu, son cadenas laterales independientes o incluso redes completamente diferentes, que no comparten la cadena de bloques principal de Bitcoin. Estas redes tienen sus propias reglas y consensos, y las transacciones en estas cadenas no están directamente vinculadas a la cadena principal de Bitcoin.

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Wallets Lightning Network

Hot vs Cold wallets

Ya que cualquier wallet Lightning es una hot wallet no está de más recordar brevemente la diferencia entre hot y cold wallets. La elección entre un tipo u otro dependerá de las preferencias y necesidades de cada usuario. Puede tener sentido disponer de una pequeña cantidad de fondos en una hot wallet para su uso diario y guardar la mayor parte de fondos en almacenamiento en frío para mayor seguridad.

Hot wallet (almacenamiento en caliente):

Cartera (onchain o lightning) diseñada para realizar transacciones frecuentes con el inconveniente de ser más vulnerables a ataques por hackeo o malware al estar siempre conectada a internet. No es recomendable almacenar una gran cantidad de bitcoin en este tipo de cartera por el riesgo de seguridad. Otro posible caso de uso de este tipo de carteras es almacenar cierta cantidad de sats antes de pasarlo a almacenamiento en frío.

Cold wallet (almacenamiento en frío):

Cartera sin conexión a internet para almacenamiento a largo plazo. Normalmente se recurre a este tipo de carteras en forma de dispositivo (hardware wallet) para guardar de forma segura cantidades sustanciales de bitcoin (cada uno elige qué cantidad de sats estaría incómodo guardando en una wallet vulnerable).

Custodial vs non-custodial

De entre los muchos términos mal escogidos en Bitcoin este debe estar entre los peores por llevar a confusión frecuentemente. Aclaremos la diferencia entre una y otra para distinguirlas.

Wallets custodial

Las wallets custodial son aquellas en las que un tercero custodia las claves de tu bitcoin. Si bien puede ser más cómodo y fácil de usar para principiantes o personas sin conocimientos técnicos este tipo de servicios o aplicaciones va en contra de la principal propuesta de Bitcoin: prescindir de intermediarios para transmitir valor o almacenarlo. Al confiar tus fondos a un tercero confías en su capacidad para custodiar tu bitcoin contra posibles ataques, brechas de seguridad, requerimientos de autoridades o la tentación de salir corriendo con ellos.

Ejemplos de wallets custodial LN

| CUSTODIAL | ALBY | COINOS | LN.TIPS | Wallet of Satoshi | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UI / SO | Web | Web | Telegram Bot | Android / iOS | | Open Source | SI | SI | SI | NO | | Incluye Onchain | NO | SI | NO | SI | | ¿Permite conectar propio nodo LN? | SI | NO | NO | NO | | Tor | SI | SI | - | NO | | Swap | NO | SI | NO | SI | | LN Address | SI | SI | SI | SI | | LNURL-auth (Login con LN) | SI | SI | SI | SI | | Tutorial | Video en español | Video en español | Guía completa | Video en inglés |

ℹ️ Puedes consultar una comparación más completa en el blog de DarthCoin

Wallets non-custodial

Por otro lado, las wallets non-custodial o self-custodial te otorgan el control y propiedad de tu bitcoin al ser tu quien posee las claves privadas. Esto garantiza no depender del permiso de ninguna entidad centralizada para preservar tus fondos o realizar transacciones.

Evidentemente esta soberanía requiere responsabilidad personal a la hora de saber cómo gestionar adecuadamente tus fondos.

Proveedores de Servicio Lightning

Al tratarse de un taller de nivel intermedio o de iniciación a la autocustodia, nos centramos en Proveedores de Servicio Lightning (LSP’s por sus siglas en inglés) que ayudan a los usuarios a conectarse a la red abriendo canales bien conectados y ofreciendo liquidez entrante manteniendo la autocustodia.

Liquidez entrante y saliente

Un concepto que conviene tener claro es el de inbound / *outbound liquidity* o liquidez entrante y saliente.

INBOUND ← (Entrante): Cantidad de sats que un canal puede recibir (sin incurrir en comisiones por apertura o empalme de canal)
OUTBOUND → (Saliente): Cantidad de Sats que un canal puede enviar

Cada vez que recibes sats disminuye la liquidez entrante de tu canal y aumenta la liquidez saliente. Por otro lado, enviar sats disminuye tu liquidez saliente y aumenta la entrante.

Al abrir un canal toda la liquidez entrante estará llena por lo que tendrás que equilibrar el balance gastando, enviando fondos a otra wallet o mediante swap submarinos.

Splicing

Una vez abierto un canal Lightning no se puede alterar su capacidad. Si abres un canal de 100k y recibes más de esa cantidad en un pago lo que puede ocurrir es: - El pago fallará y no recibirás esos fondos - Se creará un nuevo canal con la cantidad que no quepa en el canal inicial (restando fee minera por la transacción onchain y posible comisión de servicio)

En el 2º caso un usuario puede terminar con varios canales abiertos de liquidez entrante limitada, lo que dificultará predecir cuándo un pago entrante desencadenará la creación de un nuevo canal.

El splicing o “empalme” es una funcionalidad que incorporó Phoenix recientemente y que permite redimensionar un único canal dinámico.

¿Pero no habíamos quedado en que no se puede redimensionar un canal una vez abierto? Correcto. Lo que ocurre entre bambalinas es que se produce un cierre cooperativo del canal entre las partes implicadas que gasta los fondos antiguos del canal a un nuevo canal junto con el nuevo depósito. Dado que la apertura del nuevo canal se basa en la seguridad del cierre del canal anterior, los participantes en el canal pueden gastar con seguridad los fondos antiguos dentro del canal mientras esperan a que se confirmen las transacciones de cierre y apertura.

Más información sobre splicing: https://bitcoinops.org/en/topics/splicing

Solicitar liquidez entrante

Como ya hemos visto, la liquidez entrante es la cantidad que puedes recibir en tu canal sin incurrir en ninguna comisión por apertura de nuevo canal o empalme.

Imagina que el canal de tu wallet lightning es un cubo, y tu saldo la cantidad de agua que hay en el cubo:
- Recibir = añadir más agua
- Gastar = verter agua

Cada vez que sea necesario aumentar el tamaño del cubo o crear uno nuevo para añadir más agua, se incurre en una transacción onchain con las consiguientes tasas de minería.

Dependiendo del caso de uso de cada uno, si vas a recibir más de lo que gastas, podría tener sentido solicitar liquidez entrante en grandes cantidades con antelación. De este modo, incurres en menos transacciones onchain y ahorras comisión de minería.

Por ejemplo, pongamos que quieres reunir 1m de sats en LN para después pasarlo a onchain como un solo UTXO. Para ello vas a ir haciendo compras de 100k. Eso requeriría una transacción onchain cada vez que recibas para ensanchar el canal (splice-in) o abrir uno nuevo. Si en vez de eso solicitas 1M de liquidez entrante solo pagas la fee minera 1 vez.

En cualquier caso, como norma general y siempre que se pueda conviene abrir canales "grandes" (y tener el balance equilibrado).

Ejemplos de wallets non-custodial LN

Te proponemos algunas wallets con servicio LSP que ayudan a simplificar la autocustodia en Lightning gestionando la apertura de canales, mejorando el enrutado de pagos, integrando el intercambio de onchain a LN o empalmando canales para aumentar la liquidez entrante.

⚠️ Las funcionalidades y comisiones de la siguiente tabla pueden sufrir cambios. Intentaremos mantener la tabla actualizada. Última actualización: 22 Enero 2024

| AUTO. CUSTODIA | GREEN | MUTINY | PHOENIX | ZEUS | BLIXT | BREEZ | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UI / SO | Android / iOS / Escritorio | Web / Android /iOS | Android / iOS | Android / iOS | Android / iOS | Android / iOS | | Open Source | SI | SI | SI | SI | SI | SI | | Incluye balance Onchain | SI | SI | Balance unificado | SI | SI | Balance unificado | | Tor | SI | - | SI | SI | SI | ¿? | | Swap in | 0,4 % (10.000 sats min.) | - | mining fees (+ 1000 sat one time) | Mining fee | - | 0,4 % + mining fee | | https://lightningaddress.com/ (Recibir) | NO | NO | NO | SI | SI | NO | | https://lightninglogin.live/ (Login con LN) | NO | - | SI | SI | SI | SI | | Apertura canal / 1era transacción | Desde LN: 2500 Sats Desde onchain: fee minera + 2500 sats | Dinámica | mining fees (+ 1000 sats) | Hasta 1m = 10k sats 1-5m = 1 % | Mining fees | Mining fees | | Capacidad máx. | 900k - 4m | - | ¿? | ¿? | 400k sats (LSP) | 4m | | Coste por envío | fee de enrutado | fee de enrutado | 0.4 % + 4 sat | fee de enrutado | fee de enrutado | fee de enrutado | | Ampliar canal (Splicing) | - | - | mining fees (+ 1000 sat one time) | - | - | - | | Solicitar liquidez entrante | NO | ¿? | 1 % + mining fees | Cantidad recibida + 100k | | Cantidad recibida +50k sats | | Cerrar canal / Swap out | - | Mining fee | Mining fee | Mining fee | Mining fee | Mining fee +0,5% | | Tutorial | Guía en español / Video en inglés | Video en inglés | Video en inglés | Documentación | Video en español | Video en inglés |

---

Plataformas P2P Lightning Network

En el taller aprendimos como se podrían adquirir o vender sats en LNP2PBot y Robosats mediante la red Lightning.

Ambas son muy buenas opciones si quieres intercambiar sats sin necesidad de pasar por un registro completo de tus datos. La elección de una u otra dependerá de cada usuario. En sus webs encontraréis información sobre cómo usarlas, preguntas frecuentes, etc: https://lnp2pbot.com/aprende https://learn.robosats.com

Comentemos algunas de las diferencias:

Cómo acceder

• LNP2PBot es un bot de Telegram por lo que solo necesitarás una cuenta en Telegram con un nombre de usuario. Puedes crear una oferta iniciando conversación con el bot: https://t.me/lnp2pbot o tomar una oferta que encuentres en el canal general: https://t.me/p2plightning
• Para preservar la privacidad se recomienda acceder a Robosats a través del navegador Tor o su app para Android (con Tor integrado).

Fianza

• LNP2PBot no requiere que el usuario tenga sats de antemano por lo que es mejor opción para realizar la primera compra.
• En el caso de Robosats se requiere de una fianza para crear o tomar una oferta para incentivar que ambas partes actúen de acuerdo a las normas. La fianza se realiza mediante una hold invoice. Este tipo de facturas bloquean los fondos en la wallet hasta que el intercambio se complete satisfactoriamente o se caduque la oferta sin que nadie la haya tomado. Si todo sale bien sin disputas los fondos se quedan en tu wallet.

Comisiones

• En LNP2PBot el vendedor paga un 0,6% del total de cada intercambio mientras que el comprador no paga comisión.
• En Robosats se paga un 0,2% por cada trade. El creador de la oferta (sea comprador o vendedor) paga un 0,025% y el tomador el 0,175% restante.

| INTERCAMBIO LN | LNP2PBot | Robosats | | --- | --- | --- | | UI | Telegram bot | Navegador Tor / Android (Beta) | | Fianza | No requiere fianza | Requiere fianza en sats | | Comisiones | Vendedor: 0,6 %
Comprador: 0 | Creador de la oferta: 0,025 %
Tomador de la oferta: 0,175 % | | Duración ofertas | 23 horas | 1 - 24 horas | | Más info | https://lnp2pbot.com/aprende | https://learn.robosats.com/ | | Guía / Tutorial | Video en español | Video en español |

Swap Lightning ↔ onchain

Ya hemos visto que para equilibrar el balance de tu canal tienes la opción de gastar algunos sats, enviar fondos a otra wallet o mediante swap submarinos.

Un swap submarino es un intercambio entre Bitcoin dentro y fuera de la cadena (es decir, entre Bitcoin onchain y Bitcoin en la red Lightning). Un Swap-Out es un tipo específico de swap atómico que puede realizarse sin custodia ni riesgo de contraparte y que facilitan la gestión de la liquidez de tu Nodo Lightning ayudándote a conseguir liquidez entrante.

Ya sea para equilibrar el balance de tu canal o para pasar fondos a almacenamiento en frío, te dejamos esta tabla con las comisiones y enlaces de algunos servicios:

| SWAP OUT | Coinos | MyLoopOutBot | Robosats | Boltz | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | UI | Web | Bot Telegram / Tor | Tor / Android | Web | | Fees | 0,1 % | 0,3 % | Swap con otro peer: premium de la oferta + fee minera.
Recibir onchain directamente de Robosats: Dinámico | 0,5 % | | Enlaces | Classic Coinos | Bot Telegram
Tor: My Loop Out | Robosats | Boltz |

Si quieres seguir profundizando te recomendamos este podcast de Lunaticoin con Reckless Satoshi (Robosats) en el que analizan billeteras y herramientas Lightning que puedes utilizar en tu móvil.

https://youtu.be/SfzmD504jZ4

@ 93161535:1fc6d488

9th Grader reviews Little Caesars Cheese Sticks

Here's my review of these Little Caesars cheese sticks I became addicted to and keep making myself sick on. Also talking about being in the 9th grade.

Q: "I thought you were vegan. Did you give up?"

A: I have never stated to be vegan. I always say most days I eat a vegan diet, or try to ethically be vegan, but I am not vegan. Most days I eat food not involving animals, but I am always open about the fact that I occasionally have cheese. People just assume I'm full on vegan because binary thinking is a flaw in humans.

SPONSOR A FOOD REVIEW BY BUYING ME PANDA EXPRESS GIFT CARD (I haven't gotten a gift card in 11 months):

Go to https://www.pandaexpress.com/gift-cards/select#digital (https://www.pandaexpress.com/gift-cards/select#digital) then send the gift card to my email: ashleyjones@icum.to THANK YOU.

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Donations help for the sever costs, to maintain my website, and lessen the blow for paying for bandwidth, since I host my own videos on my own website. Or maybe I made you laugh and you just wanna say thanks. Never required or expected, always appreciated.

Check out my website. I have a ton of written content on there. Website: https://icum.to (https://icum.to)

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https://videos.icum.to/w/xd7krf89F8DAg55EcybsJd

@ 52921e1f:1c37981b

Introduction:

Bitcoin, the decentralized digital currency, has emerged as a beacon of hope for individuals seeking financial freedom worldwide. While often associated with affluent countries in the West, the impact of Bitcoin extends far beyond, offering a transformative force that empowers individuals in the face of economic challenges and oppressive governmental regimes. In this post, we will explore how Bitcoin's attributes, including privacy, decentralization, and resistance to attacks, contribute to its potential to enable financial freedom on a global scale.

Privacy and Decentralization:

One of Bitcoin's fundamental strengths lies in its commitment to user privacy and decentralization. Unlike traditional financial systems, Bitcoin transactions are pseudonymous, offering users a degree of privacy that is crucial in regions where financial censorship is rampant. The decentralized nature of the blockchain ensures that there is no single point of control, reducing the risk of manipulation and providing a level playing field for participants globally.

Bitcoin's Imperviousness to Attacks:

Bitcoin's resilience to attacks and censorship sets it apart from traditional forms of currency. Its blockchain, maintained by a network of nodes globally, makes it resistant to tampering or manipulation. This imperviousness to external control becomes particularly significant in regions governed by authoritarian regimes, where seizing physical assets becomes a tool of oppression. With Bitcoin, individuals can securely custody their own coins, making it challenging for any authority to confiscate their wealth. For more on becoming resilient, check out this post:

https://bitcoinfortress.substack.com/p/implementing-bitcoin-native-adversarial

Nonviolent Resistance Against Authoritarian Governments:

In the context of oppressive governments, Bitcoin serves as a powerful tool for nonviolent resistance. Authoritarian regimes often suppress dissent by controlling traditional financial systems. Bitcoin, being decentralized and resistant to censorship, enables individuals to move their wealth across borders without fear of confiscation. This financial autonomy becomes a means for peaceful opposition against oppressive regimes, as individuals can exercise control over their economic resources, independent of government interference. For more on the power of peaceful resistance, check out my recent post here:

https://bitcoinfortress.substack.com/p/the-power-of-peaceful-resistance

Financial Freedom and Broader Liberties:

Bitcoin's impact on financial freedom goes hand in hand with the broader concept of individual liberties. Financial freedom is a prerequisite for other freedoms, including the right to free speech. In societies where financial autonomy is restricted, the ability to express dissenting opinions is curtailed. Bitcoin empowers individuals to control their finances independently, thereby safeguarding their right to express themselves freely without fear of economic repercussions.

The Illusion of Bitcoin ETFs:

While Bitcoin Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) have gained recent approval, it is essential to distinguish them from true Bitcoin ownership. These ETFs represent paper promises held by centralized entities and are susceptible to seizure by authorities. The true value of Bitcoin lies in its self-custody, where individuals hold and control their private keys, ensuring sovereign use of their digital assets.

Prominent Voices in Support of Bitcoin:

Prominent Bitcoin advocates, such as Alex Gladstein from the Human Rights Foundation, emphasize the role of Bitcoin in promoting freedom globally. Gladstein highlights how Bitcoin can empower individuals in oppressive regimes by providing a means of financial autonomy that transcends borders.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Bitcoin emerges as a revolutionary force capable of delivering financial freedom to individuals worldwide. Its privacy features, decentralization, and resistance to attacks make it a formidable tool for nonviolent resistance against authoritarian governments. The recent approval of Bitcoin ETFs should not overshadow the true value of Bitcoin, which lies in individual self-custody and the ability to exercise financial sovereignty. As Bitcoin continues to gain momentum, it stands as a beacon of hope for a more inclusive and liberated global financial system.

Not financial or legal advice, for entertainment only, do your own homework. I hope you find this post useful as you chart your personal financial course and Build a Bitcoin Fortress in 2024.

Thanks for following my work. Always remember: freedom, health and positivity!

Please also check out my Bitcoin Fortress Podcast on all your favorite streaming platforms. I do a weekly Bitcoin news update every week on current items of interest to the Bitcoin community. Please check it out if you haven’t already. Also now on Fountain, where you can earn Bitcoin just for listening to your favorite podcasts.

@ 9a906572:b246ebe7

What is Nostr? Nostr — the latest proposed censorship-resistant social network protocol — is all the buzz lately. As more people look towards Web3 and decentralization across digital communities, solutions like Nostr have been on the rise. So, what is Nostr?

Nostr stands for Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays. Similar to the decentralized social media network Mastodon, Nostr is a social media protocol allowing users to join global, independently run servers (or relays) rather than relying on any one central server.

But unlike Mastodon, Nostr is a decentralized protocol that uses a public/private key system (similar to Bitcoin) instead of an email and password account. Already, several applications (or clients) have been built on Nostr, giving users a variety of decentralized, censorship-resistant social media applications (like Damus, which has even integrated Bitcoin Lightning payments).

Could this be the future of decentralized social media? Let’s break down Nostr and the benefits that could come with a decentralized platform.

TL;DR Censorship resistant: Nostr is censorship resistant since anyone can spin up a relay (a Nostr server) and write to it, even if you are blocked from publishing to other servers. Keys, not accounts: Just like crypto wallets, Nostr clients (applications) use public and private keys to create your “account” rather than utilizing emails and passwords. Integrating Bitcoin payments: Nostr relays can utilize Bitcoin payments to prevent spam attacks, and clients like Damus have already integrated Bitcoin lightning payments for users. Quickly gaining momentum: The Jack Dorsey-backed protocol has quickly gained popularity since its release and several applications built on Nostr are already seeing user traction. Enter Nostr

How does Nostr work? In Nostr, there are two components: clients and relays. Every Nostr user runs a client (such as the application Damus), and anyone can run a relay (the servers that you can connect to).

Just like for all cryptocurrencies, you’ll generate a public and private key pairing through your client to access your account, where public keys are akin to usernames and private keys are passwords. Remember: private keys are meant to stay private and must be kept somewhere secure — there is no password reset!

To broadcast a message similar to a tweet on Twitter, you would connect to relays and sign messages with your private key. Any relay that you’re connected to will broadcast your message.

Public addresses on Nostr also allow anyone to send a private message encrypted by the receiver’s public key, so that only the proper recipient can decrypt the message.

How is Nostr censorship-resistant? Because Nostr is open-source and not centrally run, it can’t be controlled by a single entity. This means there's no company working on Nostr in the way that Twitter has employees. Instead, open source developers are funded via means like grants and donations to work on its development.

While Nostr is censorship-resistant because it’s decentralized, some relays can still choose to moderate and not broadcast your messages. This may be due to content moderation policies or things like the size of your metadata. Certain relays may block your posts, but you can always connect to other relays or generate a new public key through your client.

How do I create a Nostr account? To use Nostr, you’ll have to generate a public/private key pairing through a client of your choice, such as the recently released Damus app for iOS. Note that there are different clients being built with different purposes and creative constraints, but you can use the same private key to connect to each one.

How does Nostr relate to Bitcoin and crypto? In tandem with a decentralized social network, integrating Bitcoin — the ultimate decentralized currency — is only natural. On Nostr, it’s easy for clients to integrate Bitcoin and Lightning payments.

Since Nostr accounts operate similarly to crypto wallets with a public/private key pairing, crypto-natives may find the onboarding process more familiar than others. For users who want to transact financially, Nostr clients can provide simple, permissionless ways to send Bitcoin to verified peers.

What’s the benefit of integrating Bitcoin payments into Nostr? By integrating Bitcoin and Lightning into Nostr, not only do users unlock a decentralized way to transact funds, but relays are also given a way to monetize or control for denial-of-service (DOS) spam attacks.

As often proposed on Bitcoin Twitter, many users want to see a Bitcoin Lightning verification payment to help verify profiles and control spam. On Nostr, this is easy for any relay to implement. To control for DOS spam, some relays may charge a small fee for users to connect to it.

As the Nostr community grows, we may see specialized relays and clients that charge fees to monetize, since there's no model for ad revenue.

Is Nostr the future of Web3? Unlike most of Web3, Nostr is not peer-to-peer operated, nor is it a blockchain. Yet, it’s a decentralized social network protocol that allows for permissionless transactions via Bitcoin and direct encrypted messages.

As Nostr and its clients/relays grow and the network expands, we may just see decentralized social networking become mainstream. Progress is already being made, with developers adopting Nostr to build alternatives to today's established centralized platforms.

While it’s still early, Nostr has great potential towards our goal of fostering a more permissionless and decentralized future.

Enter Nostr

THIS BLOG IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO PROVIDE ANY INVESTMENT, TAX, OR LEGAL ADVICE, NOR SHOULD IT BE CONSIDERED AN OFFER TO PURCHASE OR SELL OR HOLD DIGITAL ASSETS. DIGITAL ASSET HOLDINGS, INCLUDING STABLECOINS, INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK, CAN FLUCTUATE GREATLY, AND CAN EVEN BECOME WORTHLESS. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER WHETHER TRADING OR HOLDING DIGITAL ASSETS IS SUITABLE FOR YOU IN LIGHT OF YOUR FINANCIAL CONDITION. PLEASE CONSULT YOUR LEGAL/TAX/INVESTMENT PROFESSIONAL FOR QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

How much energy does a sector of the economy have the right to consume? At this very moment, organizations all over the globe are being put under pressure to reduce their usage of non-renewable energy sources and their release of carbon into the environment. However, determining how much consumption is excessive is a difficult subject that is intricately connected to discussions over the priorities that we as a society hold. At the end of the day, a question of values has to be asked in order to choose which products and services are "worth" spending these resources on. Because of the rising popularity of cryptocurrencies in general and Bitcoin in particular, the topic of energy consumption has emerged as the most recent contentious issue in the broader discussion over what and who digital currencies are really beneficial for.

The inquiry about the use of energy seems to be a reasonable one at first glance. The Cambridge Center for Alternative Finance (CCAF) estimates Bitcoin's current annual energy consumption is around 110 Terawatt Hours. This represents 0.55% of the world's total electricity production and is roughly equivalent to the amount of energy consumed annually by smaller countries such as Malaysia or Sweden. This seems like it would need a significant amount of energy. To answer this question, how much power should a monetary system use?

Your response to that question will probably determine your feelings about Bitcoin. If you believe that Bitcoin serves no purpose other than that of a ponzi scam or an instrument for money laundering, then it would only be reasonable for you to conclude that utilizing any amount of energy is pointless. If you are one among the tens of millions of people throughout the globe who are utilizing it as a weapon to escape monetary repression, inflation, or capital restrictions, then it is quite probable that you believe the effort is exceptionally well spent. How much value do you think Bitcoin provides for society? That's the question that will determine whether or not you believe Bitcoin has a legitimate claim on the resources that society has to offer.

However, if we are going to have this discussion, it is important that we have a clear understanding of how Bitcoin truly uses energy. Understanding Bitcoin's energy usage may not resolve issues regarding the cryptocurrency's utility, but it might help put into perspective how big of an effect Bitcoin proponents are really talking about having on the environment. To be more specific, there are a few major misunderstandings that need to be cleared up.

Energy Consumption Is Not Equivalent to Carbon Emissions

To begin, it's vital to note that the amount of energy a system uses and the amount of carbon it releases are not the same. If you don't know the precise energy mix, which is the proportion of different energy sources that are used by the computers mining Bitcoin, you can't extrapolate the associated carbon emissions. This is because determining energy consumption is relatively straightforward. However, you can't extrapolate the associated carbon emissions. For instance, the environmental effect of one unit of energy generated by hydropower will be far lower than that of one unit of energy generated by coal.

The amount of energy that Bitcoin uses may be roughly calculated as follows: You need just take a look at its hashrate (which refers to the entire aggregate processing power that is utilized to mine Bitcoin and process transactions), and then you can make some informed predictions as to the energy needs of the gear that miners are utilizing. However, it is significantly more difficult to determine how much carbon it emits. As a result of the cutthroat nature of the mining industry, its participants are notoriously secretive about the inner workings of their businesses. The CCAF has collaborated with large mining pools to compile an anonymised dataset of miner locations. These efforts have resulted in the best available estimates of the geolocation of energy output. From these estimates, an energy mix may be derived.

On the basis of this statistics, the CCAF can make educated guesses on the energy sources miners were using on a national and, in some circumstances, a provincial level. However, their information does not contain all mining pools and is also not up to date. Because of this, we are still largely in the dark regarding Bitcoin's true energy mix. In addition, a large number of prominent studies make the mistake of generalizing the energy mix at the national level, which results in an erroneous portrayal of nations like China, which has an enormously diversified energy environment.

Consequently, there is a broad range of estimates on the proportion of Bitcoin mining that employs renewable energy. According to one analysis published in December 2019, 73% of Bitcoin's total energy usage was carbon neutral. This was primarily attributable to the presence of hydro power in key mining centres such as Southwest China and Scandinavia. On the other side, according to an estimate provided by the CCAF in September 2020, the percentage is probably closer to 39. However, even if the lower amount is right, it is still roughly twice as much as the U.S. grid, suggesting that looking at energy usage alone is hardly a credible way to evaluate Bitcoin's contribution to carbon emissions.

Bitcoin Can Use Energy That Other Industries Can’t

Bitcoin Can Use Energy That Other Industries Can’t The fact that Bitcoin may be mined in any location is another important feature that sets Bitcoin's energy usage apart from that of the vast majority of other enterprises. Miners of Bitcoin can employ power sources that are unreachable for most other applications since this constraint does not apply to the cryptocurrency. Virtually all of the world's energy consumption must be generated within a reasonable distance of its final consumers.

Hydro is the best-known example of this kind of resource. During the rainy season in Sichuan and Yunnan every year, tremendous amounts of hydropower that might have been used instead goes to waste. The production capacity in these locations much exceeds the need in the immediate area, and the state of battery technology is not nearly as advanced as it needs to be for it to be profitable to store and transmit energy from these rural regions to the metropolitan centers that are in need of it. As a result, it is not a surprise that these provinces are the heartlands of mining in China, accounting for roughly 10% of worldwide Bitcoin mining during the dry season and 50% of global Bitcoin mining during the rainy season.

Natural gas that has been burned off is another potentially fruitful option for carbon-neutral mining. The modern method of oil extraction results in the emission of a sizeable quantity of natural gas as a waste product. This gas emits energy that is harmful to the environment but is never used to power anything. The vast majority of conventional applications have not been able to successfully exploit that energy for its full potential in the past since it is restricted to the location of distant oil mines. But Bitcoin miners all across the world, from North Dakota to Siberia, have jumped at the chance to capitalize on what would otherwise be a squandered resource. Some businesses are even looking at more ways to cut emissions by burning the gas in a more managed fashion. Naturally, this is still a minor player in today's Bitcoin mining arena; however, some rough calculations suggest that there is enough flared natural gas in the United States and Canada alone to run the entire Bitcoin network. This is despite the fact that this aspect of Bitcoin mining is still relatively new.

To be true, monetizing surplus natural gas with Bitcoin still results in emissions. Furthermore, some people have suggested that the practice even functions as a subsidy to the fossil fuel sector by encouraging energy corporations to spend more in oil production than they otherwise could. However, the revenue from Bitcoin miners is negligible compared to the demand from other businesses that depend on fossil fuels, and this external need is not going away any time soon. Considering that oil is now being extracted and will continue to be done so for the foreseeable future, making use of a natural byproduct of the process and maybe even lessening the environmental effect of the process is a beneficial development overall.

It's interesting to note that the business of aluminum smelting provides a startling similarity in this regard. Since producing usable aluminum from natural bauxite ore is a very energy-intensive process, and since the costs of shipping aluminum aren't always prohibitive, several countries with an abundance of energy have constructed smelters to make use of their extra resources. Countries like Iceland, Sichuan, and Yunnan, which have the ability to produce more energy than can be consumed locally, became net energy exporters through the production of aluminum. Today, the same conditions that encouraged those countries to invest in smelting have made those locations prime options for mining Bitcoin. There are also a few old aluminum smelters that have been converted into Bitcoin miners, such as the hydro Alcoa factory that is located in Massena, New York. These facilities are located in the United States.

Mining Bitcoin Consumes a lot More Energy Than Using It

One part of the equation is the method through which energy is generated. But there's another area where people often get things wrong, and that's when it comes to how Bitcoin really uses energy and how its energy needs are expected to vary over time.

Although journalists and academics have a lot of discussion about Bitcoin's high "per-transaction energy cost," this statistic is not accurate. The process of mining Bitcoin accounts for the overwhelming bulk of the cryptocurrency's total energy usage. After coins have been distributed, the amount of energy necessary to validate transactions is very low. Since this is the case, it does not make sense to simply look at Bitcoin's total energy draw to date and divide it by the number of transactions; the majority of that energy was required to mine Bitcoins, not to enable transactions. And this brings us to the last significant misunderstanding, which is the idea that the energy costs connected with mining Bitcoin will continue to increase at an exponential rate.

Runaway Growth Is Unlikely

Since Bitcoin's energy footprint has expanded rapidly, some people have the misconception that it will someday take control of whole energy networks. This was the premise of a widely publicized research from 2018 that was recently highlighted in an article published by the New York Times. The study made the startling assertion that Bitcoin might cause a two-degree Celsius increase in global temperature. However, there are many reasons to assume this will not occur.

To begin, Bitcoin's energy mix is becoming less dependent on carbon every year, which is a trend that is becoming more widespread across many different businesses. In the United States, publicly listed mining companies with an increased emphasis on environmental, social, and governance concerns have been gaining market share. Meanwhile, China has just outlawed coal-based mining in Inner Mongolia, which is one of the major remaining coal-heavy areas. At the same time, various groups within the mining sector have created projects like the Crypto Climate Accord to advocate for and commit to decreasing Bitcoin's carbon impact. The Paris Climate Agreement inspired these activities. Of course, Bitcoin might be a significant incentive for miners to develop various renewable technologies as they get more efficient and, as a result, more feasible for mining. This is because renewable solutions like as solar are examples.

In addition, it is very improbable that miners will be able to grow their mining operations at the same rates for an endless period of time. The Bitcoin protocol subsidizes mining, but there are restrictions on the increase of those subsidies incorporated into the system. Miners are compensated today via a combination of tiny transaction fees for the transactions they verify while mining (which account for around 10% of miner income) and whatever profit margins they can get when they sell the bitcoins that they have mined.

However, the protocol is designed to half the issuance-driven component of miner income every four years. This means that unless the price of Bitcoin doubles every four years in perpetuity (which, according to economics, is very impossible for any currency), that portion of miner revenue will ultimately decay to zero. And with regard to transaction fees, the expansion potential of this particular income stream is limited due to Bitcoin's fundamental restrictions on the amount of transactions it can execute (less than a million per day), as well as users' limited tolerance for paying fees. We may anticipate that some miners will continue to operate anyway, in return for these transaction fees alone — in fact, the network relies on it to remain running — but if profit margins fall, the financial incentive to invest in mining will, naturally, decline. This is because mining requires a lot of specialized equipment and a lot of electricity.

There are, of course, an infinite amount of elements that have the potential to affect Bitcoin's effect on the environment; yet, underlying all of these aspects is a question that is far more difficult to answer with numbers: Is it prudent to invest in Bitcoin? It is essential to have a solid knowledge of the fact that many environmental worries are overblown, based on incorrect assumptions, or stem from a misunderstanding of how the Bitcoin protocol operates.

This implies that when we question, "Is Bitcoin worth its effect on the environment?" the real negative impact that we're discussing is probably a lot less scary than you would think it would be. However, there is no getting around that Bitcoin, just like practically anything else that contributes value to our society, uses up resources. It is up to the cryptocurrency community, just as it is for every other enterprise that relies on the consumption of energy, to recognize and address these environmental issues, to strive in good faith to lower Bitcoin's carbon footprint, and eventually to show that the social value that Bitcoin delivers is worth the resources that are required to maintain it.

That's all for today, see ya tomorrow

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DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 47785dc8:ecbeafdb

Opinion about /hardware/trezorT/

Second test. So far, both logged in with the Alby browser plug-in. I am trying to insert an image of the pop-up I received from Alby, testing on Chrome on a MacBook. Choose a file doesn't seem to be able to access my filesystem.

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@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

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@ cce0989b:b497e608

Here’s one reason why you might be feeling stuck: you’re trying to be perfect and grow at the same time.

That’s impossible. You can’t do both. Mistakes, setbacks, and detours are an inevitable part of the journey. In your desire to be both — pulled between who you want to become and your fear of what might happen if you do — you can’t take action at all. You end up feeling completely stuck.

Today, redefine what success looks like as you work towards your goals.

Success doesn’t mean being perfect or getting it right immediately.

Success means being brave enough to try. Success means persistence. Success means making mistakes and then learning from them.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

This is just one component of the US Federal Government's hundreds of trillions of dollars in unfunded liabilities. "Gradually then suddenly" comes to mind.

Government Employee Pensions Are Underfunded. Taxpayers Will Make Up the Difference By Doug French

Government employees generally have sweeter pension plans compared to private-sector employees, but government pensions are purposely underfunded. No worries for government employees: taxpayers will pick up the slack.

@ 41acb1b9:51753d75

Opinion about /hardware/trezorT/

testing

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@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

Cuban migrants who entered through the United States border and received a Form I-220A may obtain permanent residency if their case is retroactively reviewed and they are granted parole. In doing so, they can apply for the Cuban Adjustment Act to get a Green card.

According to an interview by journalist Mario Vallejo with lawyer José Guerrero, in the last few hours, a meeting was held between the U.S. government and the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA). There, various legal doubts were addressed by immigration specialists based on all the cases of Cubans in said situation.

The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is reviewing cases of Cubans with Form I-220A, a conditional parole under section 236A2, which due to the Cabrera-Fernández judicial ruling is not considered parole for the purposes of the Cuban Adjustment Act.

USCIS's new initiative involves evaluating each case individually to determine eligibility for parole under section 235D5, instead of the previously granted I-220A. If determined that the correct parole should have been granted, USCIS will coordinate with the agency responsible for the initial release to obtain the appropriate documentation from the release date.

Therefore, Cubans who entered the U.S. and were paroled under section 235D5 can adjust their status under the Cuban Adjustment Act, provided they meet the necessary requirements. This also confirms why some Cubans with I-220A are receiving parole from USCIS without having requested it.

This news represents a ray of hope for thousands of Cuban migrants in the United States. The adjustment in government policy eases the process for those who previously faced barriers on their path to legal residency.

What will happen to the I-220As that have a cutoff date?

Meanwhile, lawyer Wilfredo Allen explains what will happen to I-220As that have a cutoff date. "Over time, there is likely to be an administrative solution for I-220A holders, and USCIS and DHS may ultimately agree to legalize Cubans who possess this document, as it is considered parole."

The lawyer bases his remarks on concrete figures. "In the last two years, about 300,000 people have entered, most of them with I-220A, and it is impossible to schedule hearings for all of them. I continue to receive appointment notices for hearings in 2026 and 2027."

"So, the reality is that these dates are practically unattainable. If your first hearing is scheduled for 2026, when will your final trial be? In 2027 or 2028? What will happen during all that time that you are in the United States? In my opinion, it is likely that a solution will be found, similar to what was found for Venezuelans," he added.

@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

Los migrantes cubanos que entraron por la frontera de Estados Unidos y recibieron un formulario I-220A podrían obtener la residencia permanente si con carácter retroactivo se revisa su caso y se les otorga un parole. De tal forma pueden aplicar a la Ley de Ajuste Cubana para conseguir la Green card.

Según entrevista del periodista Mario Vallejo al abogado José Guerrero, en las últimas horas se desarrolló una reunión entre el gobierno de EEUU y la Asociación de Abogados de Inmigración de América (AILA). Allí se trataron varias dudas legales por parte de los especialistas en inmigración a partir de todos los casos de cubanos en dicha situación.

El Servicio de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglés) está revisando casos de cubanos con el formulario I-220A, un parole condicional bajo la sección 236A2, que por el fallo judicial Cabrera-Fernández no es considerado un parole para los efectos de la Ley de Ajuste Cubano.

La nueva iniciativa de USCIS implica evaluar cada caso individualmente para determinar la elegibilidad de un parole bajo la sección 235D5, en lugar del I-220A previamente otorgado. Si se determina que el parole correcto debió haber sido concedido, USCIS coordinará con la agencia responsable de la liberación inicial para obtener la documentación adecuada desde la fecha de liberación.

Por lo tanto, los cubanos que ingresaron a EEUU y fueron parolados bajo la sección 235D5 sí pueden ajustar su estatus bajo la Ley de Ajuste Cubano, siempre y cuando cumplan con los requisitos necesarios. Ello confirma además por qué algunos cubanos con I-220A están recibiendo un parole por parte de USCIS sin haberlo solicitado.

Esta noticia representa un rayo de esperanza para miles de migrantes cubanos en Estados Unidos. El ajuste en la política gubernamental facilita el proceso para aquellos que anteriormente se enfrentaban a barreras en su camino hacia la residencia legal.

¿Qué ocurrirá con los I-220A que tienen una fecha de corte?

Mientras tanto, el abogado Wilfredo Allen explica qué ocurrirá con los I-220A que tienen una fecha de corte. “Con el tiempo, es probable que haya una solución administrativa para los titulares de I-220A, y es posible que finalmente USCIS y DHS acepten legalizar a los cubanos que poseen este documento, ya que se considera un parole”.

El abogado se basa en cifras concretas. “En los últimos dos años, han ingresado alrededor de 300,000 personas, la mayoría de ellas con I-220A, y es imposible programar audiencias para todos ellos. Sigo recibiendo citas para audiencias en 2026 y 2027”.

“Entonces, la realidad es que estas fechas son prácticamente inalcanzables. Si tu primera audiencia está programada para 2026, ¿cuándo será tu juicio final? ¿En 2027 o 2028? ¿Qué sucederá durante todo ese tiempo que estás en los Estados Unidos? En mi opinión, es probable que se encuentre una solución, similar a la que se encontró para los venezolanos”, añadió.

@ 2eb796c6:c28af696

Opinion about /hardware/trezorT/

test123

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