@ 0176967e:1e6f471e

Tento rok vás čaká workshop na tému "oranžové leto" s Jurajom Bednárom a Mariannou Sádeckou. Dozviete sa ako mení naše vnímanie skúsenosť s Bitcoinom, ako sa navigovať v dnešnom svete a odstrániť mentálnu hmlu spôsobenú fiat životom. Na workshop je potrebný [extra lístok](https://pay.cypherpunk.today/apps/maY3hxKArQxMpdyh5yCtT6UWMJm/crowdfund) (môžete si ho dokúpiť aj na mieste). Pre viac informácií o oranžovom lete odporúčame pred workshopom vypočuťi si [podcast na túto tému](https://juraj.bednar.io/podcast/2024/04/13/oranzove-leto-stanme-sa-tvorcami-svojho-zivota-s-mariannou-sadeckou/).

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

先週、利下げへの期待が金の魅力を高め、金は3週連続で上昇した。今週は、ドナルド・トランプ前大統領の暗殺未遂事件に伴う政治的懸念と利下げの憶測が市場を動かした。 月曜日、ダウ工業株30種平均は今年20回目の最高値を更新し、他の主要株価指数も利下げへの期待がウォール街に広がる中、上昇した。同日、金は0.8％上昇して終値2,432ドルとなった。月曜日は安全資産としての買いが金を支えたが、銀は30.85ドル付近でほとんど変わらなかった。 火曜日、投資家が短期的な利下げに自信を深めたため、金は史上最高値の2,481ドルに急騰した。当時、CME FedWatchツールは、9月に0.25％の利下げが行われる可能性を98％と示していた。同時に銀は2%近く急騰し、火曜日の取引を1オンス31.37ドルで終了した。一方、株式は前日の取引から上昇幅を拡大した。 金は水曜日に当初堅調に推移し、史上最高値の2,483ドルを記録した。しかし、ドル高が貴金属価格を圧迫したため、上昇は短命に終わった。その結果、金は1オンス2,470ドルで取引を終了した。水曜日にはS&P500とナスダック総合指数はともに下落し、ハイテク株と半導体メーカー株は下落した。半導体メーカー株の急落は、バイデン政権が中国への半導体材料の輸出制限を検討しているという噂を受けてのものだった。一方、ダウ工業株30種平均は2日連続で過去最高値で終了した。 木曜日にはハイテク株の売りが強まったため、米国株は前日の取引から下落幅を拡大した。金も木曜日にはドル高が進んだため下落した。しかし、米国と中国の間で激しい論争が繰り広げられる中、地政学的な懸念が金の下落を抑えた。同様の動きで、銀は木曜日に2週間ぶりに30ドルを下回った。 株式市場の下落は今朝も続き、銀行、メディア企業、航空会社に影響を及ぼした「前例のない」コンピューターシステム障害のニュースが報じられた。クラウドストライクによると、このシステム障害はマイクロソフトベースのシステムの更新失敗に起因するものだった。これにハイテク株の売りが加わり、S&P 500とナスダックは4月以来最悪の週を記録した。 貴金属も今日は下落し、利益確定とドル高により金と銀は下落に転じた。金は1％以上下落して2,399ドルで引け、週ベースで0.5％の下落となり、金の3週間連続上昇は終わった。一方、銀は5%下落し、1オンス29.21ドルで週末を終えた。来週、投資家は米国の政治情勢、およびそれぞれ木曜と金曜に発表されるGDPとインフレデータを注視するだろう。

@ 58537364:705b4b85

ปะภัสสะรามิทัง ภิกขะเว จิตตัง อาคันตุเกหิ อุปักกิเลเสหิ อุปักกิลิฏฐัง... ซึ่งแปลว่า ดูก่อนภิกษุทั้งหลาย จิตนี้เป็นประภัสสร แต่ว่าจิตนี้เศร้าหมอง เพราะอุปกิเลสที่จรเข้ามา ดังนี้. ข้อที่พระองค์ตรัสว่า จิตนี้เป็นประภัสสรนั้น ท่านทั้งหลายจะต้องฟังให้ดี ๆ ในการที่พระองค์ทรงใช้คำว่า ประภัสสร ไม่ได้ใช้คำว่า บริสุทธิ์ ไม่ได้ใช้คำว่า หลุดพ้น หรือไม่ได้ใช้คำอะไร ๆ นอกไปจากคำว่า ประภัสสร. ทีนี้คำว่า ประภัสสร ในภาษาบาลี มาเป็นภาษาไทย ก็ยังใช้ทับศัพท์ว่า ประภัสสร อยู่นั่นเอง คงจะเนื่องจาก ไม่สามารถที่จะแปลเป็นภาษาไทยคำใดให้เหมาะสม เราจึงต้องใช้คำว่า ประภัสสร ไปตามเดิม บางคนอาจจะไม่รู้ว่าประภัสสรนั้นเป็นอย่างไร ถ้าเช่นนั้น ก็จะต้องถือเอาตามตัวหนังสือนั้น ประภัสสร มาจากคำว่า ประภา สะระ ประภา คือ แสง สะระ เออ, แล่นออก หรือแล่นไป ประภัสสร จึงแปลว่า มีแสงแล่นออกไป เมื่อเราเห็นสิ่งใดมีแสงเป็นรัศมี แล่นออกไปรอบตัว โชติช่วงอยู่ดังนั้น นั่นแหละ คือ อาการที่เป็นประภัสสร หรือเรียกอีกอย่างหนึ่งว่า มีรัศมีซ่านออกไปรอบตัว เป็น เออ, แสงสว่าง อาการอย่างนี้ ตรงตามตัวหนังสือแท้ว่า ประภา สะระ หรือประภัสสร ที่ว่าจิตนี้เป็นประภัสสรนั้น หมายความว่า...มีแสง หรือเรืองแสงอยู่ในตัวมันเองโดยรอบด้าน ก็หมายความว่า มันไม่สกปรก มืดมัว เศร้าหมองแต่อย่างใด. ทีนี้ ก็มีอุปกิเลสเกิดขึ้น มาจากเหตุปัจจัยอย่างใด อย่างหนึ่ง จากภายนอก เป็นเหมือนกับจรเข้ามา จากภายนอก เป็นอาคันตุกะ ทำให้จิตนั้นสูญเสียความเป็นประภัสสร เหมือนอย่างว่า เรามีเพชรเม็ดนึง แวววาว ส่องสว่างอยู่กลางแดด ถ้าเราเอาน้ำโคลนสาดเข้าไป รัศมีของเพชรนั้นมันก็ จะไม่ปรากฏ แต่แล้ว ท่านอย่าเพิ่งคิดไปว่ารัศมีนั้น สูญสิ้นไปเสียแล้ว ไม่ได้มีเหลืออยู่ ความจริงมันก็ต้องมีอยู่เท่าเดิม และตามเดิม หากแต่ว่าโคลนมันปิดบังเสีย ตาตามประสามนุษย์ก็มองไม่เห็น มันต้องมีตาพิเศษ ยิ่งกว่าตามนุษย์ จึงจะมองเห็นแสงเพชร ที่ทะลุโคลนออกมาได้ จิตนี้ก็เหมือนกัน เมื่อมีอุปกิเลสอย่างใด อย่างหนึ่ง นานาชนิด สรุปรวมเป็น...ความโลภ ความโกรธ ความหลง เกิดขึ้นแล้ว มันก็เป็นสิ่งปิดบังจิตนั้น ให้สูญเสียความเป็น ประภัสสร คือ ไม่ปรากฏแก่สายตา ทีนี้ เราก็จะต้องคิดกันต่อไปว่า ทำอย่างไรจึงจะให้คงมี ความเป็นประภัสสร ปรากฏอยู่เป็นการ ถาวรได้ คำตอบง่าย ๆ ใคร ๆ พอจะมองเห็น ว่าก็กระทำอย่าให้มีกิเลสเกิดขึ้นก็แล้วกัน จิตนั้นก็เป็นประภัสสร อยู่ตลอดกาล เพราะฉะนั้น วิธีใดที่จะทำให้กิเลสไม่เกิดขึ้น แล้ววิธีนั้นแหละ คือ วิธีที่จะทำจิตนี้ ให้เป็น ประภัสสรตลอดกาล วิธีที่จะทำไม่ให้กิเลสเกิดขึ้นนั้น พระพุทธเจ้าท่านเรียกว่า อัฏฐังคิกมรรค คือ การกระทำที่ถูกต้องครบถ้วน ๘ ประการ รวมกันเป็นอันเดียวกันเรียกว่า มรรค มีความเห็นชอบ ความใฝ่ฝันชอบ พูดจาชอบ ทำการงานชอบ เลี้ยงชีวิตชอบ ความพากเพียรชอบ มีสติตั้งไว้ชอบ มีสมาธิตั้งไว้ชอบ เป็นความชอบ หรือความถูกต้องรวมกัน ๘ ประการ เป็นมรรคตั้งอยู่ดังนี้แล้ว เรียกว่า มีการเป็นอยู่ชอบ เมื่อมีการเป็นอยู่ชอบดังนี้แล้ว กิเลสใด ๆ ก็ไม่อาจจะเกิดขึ้นมาได้ จิตนั้นก็ไม่มีอะไร ที่จะมาหุ้มห่อ ให้สูญเสียความเป็นประภัสสร. ด้วยเหตุที่พระศาสดาสัมมาสัมพุทธเจ้า ได้ทรงแสดง อัฏฐังคิกมรรค คือ..มรรคมีองค์ ๘ ประการนั้น ในวันอาสาฬหปุรณมีนี้ ด้วยเหตุเช่นนี้เอง อาตมาจึงกล่าวว่า วันอาสาฬหบูชานี้คือ วันที่พระองค์ทรงประกาศ วิธีทำจิตให้เป็นประภัสสรอยู่ตลอดกาล เป็นสมุจเฉทปหานแก่กิเลสทั้งปวง ถ้าเราสามารถทำจิต เป็นจิตประภัสสรได้ตลอดกาลแล้ว ปัญหามันก็ไม่มีเหลืออยู่เลย จงพยายามทำความเข้าใจในเรื่องนี้ ว่า....จิตประภัสสรนั้น มันเป็นส่วนจิต ส่วนกิเลสนั้น มันเป็นแต่เพียงสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นกับจิต ไม่ใช่ตัวจิต. ส่วนตัวจิตนั้น คงเป็นประภัสสรตามธรรมชาติ ส่วนกิเลสนั้นเป็นสิ่งที่เกิดกับจิต เขาเรียกว่า เจตสิก เจตสิกเกิดขึ้นอย่างไร ก็ปรุงแต่งจิตไปในลักษณะเช่นนั้น เมื่อสูญเสียความเป็นประภัสสร ก็คือ สูญเสียสภาวะเดิมของมัน ด้วยอำนาจที่เจตสิกอย่างใด อย่างหนึ่ง เข้าไปปรุงแต่ง นี้เจตสิกนี้เกิดขึ้น จากสิ่งแวดล้อม ก็ตั้งต้นจากภายนอก คือ รูป เสียง กลิ่น รส โผฏฐัพพะ ธรรมารมณ์ กระทบทางตา ทางหู ทางจมูก ทางลิ้น ทางกาย หรือซึมเข้าไปถึงใจ มันจึงเกิดการปรุงแต่ง เป็นสิ่งที่เรียกว่า เจตสิกได้ในที่สุด คือ กิเลสต่าง ๆ นั่นเอง. -พุทธทาสภิกขุ

@ 1c6b3be3:73f0ae6f

### <img src="https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?sz=32&domain=www.nobsbitcoin.com" width="32" height="32" /> Releases - No Bullshit Bitcoin [BitcoinSearch.xyz: Search Engine for Bitcoin Tech](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/bitcoinsearch-xyz-search-engine-for-bitcoin-tech/) (1 min) Bitcoin Search v2 is a search engine developed by Bitcoin Dev Project that focuses specifically on the technical ecosystem of Bitcoin. The search engine aims to provide highly relevant results for users' specific bitcoin tech needs, and its scope is limited to just that. Users can suggest additional sources to be added to the project's repository of bitcoin tech sources. Key features of Bitcoin Search v2 include: * Integration with Elasticsearch for robust full-text search capabilities and complex query support * URL-driven search state management, enabling shareable search URLs and intuitive user navigation * A server-side proxy layer for Elasticsearch queries, which provides security by abstracting away direct access to the Elasticsearch cluster and enriching queries with necessary filters and parameters. The project was announced in July 2024 and is available on GitHub for further development. The search engine allows users to dive deep into technical bitcoin knowledge and retrieve high signal information about bitcoin tech. [Lightning.Pub & ShockWallet: Nostr-based Account System for Lightning](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/lightning-pub-shockwallet-nostr-based-account-system-for-lightning/) (1 min) Lightning.Pub is a new Nostr-based account system that aims to make running Lightning infrastructure simpler and more accessible for individuals and businesses. The system uses Nostr-based accounts for Lightning Network connections and is the foundation for ShockWallet, the first wallet to utilize this technology. ShockWallet features multi-device sync abilities via NIP78 and allows users to connect to multiple accounts, including legacy LNURL ones, all within a single interface. It also supports node multi-sourcing and automation features. The Lightning.Pub project is open source and welcomes community support. The developer plans to distribute it on Umbrel/Start9 appliances and integrate product sales hooks. They will also work on creating a client library for static payment codes over Nostr and Nostr-native Lightning Addresses using NIP05 handles. For more information, you can visit the Devost page or project archives, as well as check out the GitHub repositories for both Lightning.Pub and ShockWallet. [Nutsack v0.1: A Wallet That Lives in Nostr](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/nutsack-v0-1/) Nutsack is a new, experimental NIP-60/61 client for the decentralized social networking platform nostr. It allows users to have a "wallet that lives in nostr and can be accessed from any nostr client that chooses to implement it." The project is highly experimental and should be used with caution. Nutzaps, a feature of Nutsack, are opt-in and allow for faster and more secure payments on the platform. They cannot go missing and provide users with a unified balance across all their apps. Users can follow the real-time flow of NUTZAPS at nutlife.lol. The project's announcement, archive, and GitHub repository can be found at the provided links. ### <img src="https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?sz=32&domain=bitcoinops.org" width="32" height="32" /> Bitcoin Optech [Bitcoin Optech Newsletter #312](https://bitcoinops.org/en/newsletters/2024/07/19/) (6 min) The newsletter discusses a new protocol and various updates in Bitcoin services and client software. Firstly, it presents the ChillDKG protocol that allows secure generation of keys for FROST scriptless threshold signatures compatible with Bitcoin's schnorr signatures. Distributed key sharing, verification, encryption, authentication, and non-censorship are included in this novel approach to creating a fully generalized protocol applicable for generating FROST-based scriptless threshold signature keys. Additionally, Pieter Wuille posted an extensive introduction to cluster linearization, which is the foundation of the cluster mempool. The overview explains various concepts and algorithms involved in its implementation, along with links to relevant Bitcoin Core pull requests. Regarding changes to services and client software, there are several updates: 1. ZEUS v0.8.5 release supports BOLT12 offers and BIP353 with TwelveCash service integration. 2. Phoenix 2.3.1 added BOLT12 offers support, while version 2.3.3 introduced BIP353 compatibility. 3. Stack Wallet's v2.1.1 release now features RBF and CPFP fee-bumping, as well as Tor support. 4. BlueWallet v6.6.7 added the functionality to send payments to silent payment addresses. 5. Strike announced the BOLT12 Playground, a testing environment for offers across various Lightning Network implementations. 6. Ledger introduced a Python-based testing repository named Moosig for MuSig2 and BIP388 wallet policies in descriptor wallets. 7. A real-time Stratum visualization tool has been released for monitoring mining activities more efficiently. ### 🍵 "btc | bitcoin | lightning network | asic" - Google News [Crypto community reacts to Windows-CrowdStrike outage as blockchains unaffected - Cointelegraph](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiaWh0dHBzOi8vY29pbnRlbGVncmFwaC5jb20vbmV3cy9jcnlwdG8tY29tbXVuaXR5LXJlYWN0cy13aW5kb3dzLWNyb3dkLXN0cmlrZS1vdXRhZ2UtYmxvY2tjaGFpbnMtdW5hZmZlY3RlZNIBAA?oc=5) [BTC price is overvalued, according to this Bitcoin network value indicator ATH - Finbold - Finance in Bold](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiYmh0dHBzOi8vZmluYm9sZC5jb20vYnRjLXByaWNlLWlzLW92ZXJ2YWx1ZWQtYWNjb3JkaW5nLXRvLXRoaXMtYml0Y29pbi1uZXR3b3JrLXZhbHVlLWluZGljYXRvci1hdGgv0gEA?oc=5) [TON Foundation Launches TON Teleport BTC, Enabling Bitcoin Use on Telegram-Linked Network for DeFi - Crypto News Flash](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMihAFodHRwczovL3d3dy5jcnlwdG8tbmV3cy1mbGFzaC5jb20vdG9uLWZvdW5kYXRpb24tbGF1bmNoZXMtdG9uLXRlbGVwb3J0LWJ0Yy1lbmFibGluZy1iaXRjb2luLXVzZS1vbi10ZWxlZ3JhbS1saW5rZWQtbmV0d29yay1mb3ItZGVmaS_SAYoBaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY3J5cHRvLW5ld3MtZmxhc2guY29tL3Rvbi1mb3VuZGF0aW9uLWxhdW5jaGVzLXRvbi10ZWxlcG9ydC1idGMtZW5hYmxpbmctYml0Y29pbi11c2Utb24tdGVsZWdyYW0tbGlua2VkLW5ldHdvcmstZm9yLWRlZmkvP2FtcD0x?oc=5) [Be Safe During Lightning - beechtreenews.com](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiO2h0dHBzOi8vYmVlY2h0cmVlbmV3cy5jb20vYXJ0aWNsZXMvYmUtc2FmZS1kdXJpbmctbGlnaHRuaW5n0gEA?oc=5) [Financial System at Risk by Global IT Outage: Bitcoin, Ethereum Unfazed - BeInCrypto](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiTmh0dHBzOi8vYmVpbmNyeXB0by5jb20vYmFua3MtYXQtcmlzay1ieS1nbG9iYWwtaXQtb3V0YWdlLWNyeXB0by1zdGF5cy11bmZhemVkL9IBAA?oc=5) [Arthur Hayes’ Family Office Maelstrom Fund Unveils Grant Program Aimed at Supporting Bitcoin Developers - The Daily Hodl](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiiAFodHRwczovL2RhaWx5aG9kbC5jb20vMjAyNC8wNy8xOS9hcnRodXItaGF5ZXMtZmFtaWx5LW9mZmljZS1tYWVsc3Ryb20tZnVuZC11bnZlaWxzLWdyYW50LXByb2dyYW0tYWltZWQtYXQtc3VwcG9ydGluZy1iaXRjb2luLWRldmVsb3BlcnMv0gGMAWh0dHBzOi8vZGFpbHlob2RsLmNvbS8yMDI0LzA3LzE5L2FydGh1ci1oYXllcy1mYW1pbHktb2ZmaWNlLW1hZWxzdHJvbS1mdW5kLXVudmVpbHMtZ3JhbnQtcHJvZ3JhbS1haW1lZC1hdC1zdXBwb3J0aW5nLWJpdGNvaW4tZGV2ZWxvcGVycy9hbXAv?oc=5) [exSat Partners with BitTrade to Boost Bitcoin Scalability - Altcoin Buzz](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiaWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmFsdGNvaW5idXp6LmlvL2NyeXB0b2N1cnJlbmN5LW5ld3MvZXhzYXQtcGFydG5lcnMtd2l0aC1iaXR0cmFkZS10by1ib29zdC1iaXRjb2luLXNjYWxhYmlsaXR5L9IBAA?oc=5) [Bitcoin & AI, IREN’s Short Report and Tether’s Mining Investments - CoinDesk](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMibGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNvaW5kZXNrLmNvbS90di90aGUtbWluaW5nLXBvZC9iaXRjb2luLWFuZC1haS1pcmVucy1zaG9ydC1yZXBvcnQtYW5kLXRldGhlcnMtbWluaW5nLWludmVzdG1lbnRzL9IBAA?oc=5) [‘Bitcoin Keeps Hashing’ Amid Global CrowdStrike Outages: Mining CEO - Decrypt](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiSmh0dHBzOi8vZGVjcnlwdC5jby8yNDA2NzgvYml0Y29pbi11bmFmZmVjdGVkLWluLWdsb2JhbC1jcm93ZHN0cmlrZS1vdXRhZ2Vz0gFQaHR0cHM6Ly9kZWNyeXB0LmNvLzI0MDY3OC9iaXRjb2luLXVuYWZmZWN0ZWQtaW4tZ2xvYmFsLWNyb3dkc3RyaWtlLW91dGFnZXM_YW1wPTE?oc=5) [Bitcoin surges after Trump’s JD Vance VP pick, BlockDAG network nears $60M amid US Presidential Election c - The Economic Times](https://news.google.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?oc=5)

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

**Table Of Content** - Security - Convenience - Challenges and Limitations - Adaptation and Future Outlook - Conclusion - FAQ Bitcoin and traditional banking are two different systems of financial services. Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency, while traditional banking is a centralized financial institution. In this article, we will compare and contrast the security and convenience of both systems to determine which offers better value to users. **Security** Bitcoin operates on a decentralized network, which means that there is no central authority that controls transactions. Every transaction is recorded on a public ledger called the blockchain, making it transparent and tamper-proof. Bitcoin also uses cryptography to secure every transaction, making it nearly impossible to hack. The decentralized nature of Bitcoin and its cryptography make it more secure than traditional banking. Traditional banks are vulnerable to cyber attacks and fraud because they operate on a centralized system where a central authority controls transactions. **Convenience** Traditional banking offers a wide range of financial services, including ATM withdrawals, transfers, bill payments, loans, and credit cards. Banks also have physical branches where customers can speak to bank representatives and resolve their queries. However, traditional banking has its limitations. Customers have to comply with banks' working hours and locations, making it challenging to access their accounts during emergencies. Bank transactions are also subject to government regulations and third-party fees, making it expensive for customers to use their services. Bitcoin, on the other hand, offers a high degree of convenience. It operates 24/7, making it accessible to customers anytime and anywhere in the world. Bitcoin transactions are also faster and cheaper compared to traditional banking. There are no third-party fees, making it more affordable for customers to use their services. However, Bitcoin still faces challenges in terms of adoption and acceptance. While more merchants are accepting Bitcoin as a mode of payment, it is still not widely accepted compared to traditional payment methods. **Challenges and Limitations** Bitcoin faces challenges in terms of adoption and acceptance. Some people are still skeptical about Bitcoin's value and stability, and some governments have imposed restrictions on its use. Additionally, Bitcoin's decentralized nature makes it difficult to regulate and control, which could lead to legal issues. On the other hand, traditional banking is subject to government regulations, which can sometimes limit their services and products. Compliance with these regulations can also increase costs, which are often passed on to customers. **Adaptation and Future Outlook** As technology continues to evolve, both Bitcoin and traditional banking will have to adapt to meet the changing needs of customers. Bitcoin is already being integrated into the financial system, and more merchants are accepting it as a mode of payment. Traditional banks are also adopting digital technologies to offer more convenience to customers. In the future, it is possible that the lines between Bitcoin and traditional banking will blur, as both systems adopt similar technologies and offer similar services. **Conclusion** In conclusion, Bitcoin and traditional banking offer different levels of security and convenience. Bitcoin's decentralized network and cryptography make it more secure than traditional banking, while traditional banking offers a wide range of financial services that are convenient for customers. The choice between Bitcoin and traditional banking ultimately depends on individual preferences and needs. However, as technology continues to evolve, it is likely that both systems will continue to adapt and offer better value to their users. **FAQ** **What is traditional banking?** Traditional banking is a centralized financial institution that offers a wide range of financial services, including loans, credit cards, and savings accounts. **Which is more secure, Bitcoin or traditional banking?** Bitcoin is considered more secure than traditional banking because it operates on a decentralized network and uses cryptography to secure transactions. **Which is more convenient, Bitcoin or traditional banking?** Bitcoin is more convenient in terms of accessibility and affordability, as it operates 24/7 and has no third-party fees. However, traditional banking offers a wide range of financial services and has physical branches for customer support. **What are the challenges faced by Bitcoin and traditional banking?** Bitcoin faces challenges in terms of adoption and acceptance, while traditional banking is subject to government regulations and compliance issues. **How can Bitcoin and traditional banking adapt to meet the changing needs of customers?** Both Bitcoin and traditional banking can adopt digital technologies to offer more convenience and value to their customers, while also adhering to regulatory compliance. **That's all for today** **If you want more, be sure to follow us on:** **NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com** **X: [@croxroadnews](https://twitter.com/croxroadnews)** **Instagram: [@croxroadnews.co](https://www.instagram.com/croxroadnews.co/)** **Youtube: [@croxroadnews](https://www.youtube.com/@croxroadnews)** **Store: https://croxroad.store** **Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter** **https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe** *DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.*

@ f0aca767:dce3306e

Wuthering Waves is another mobile game that crosses the boundaries between your phone, your console, and your PC. Much like the games that came before it via MiHoYo, it proves that a gacha can be so much more than a slot machine rewarding you with anime girls. For years and years, I would've never considered a phone a thing with actual good games, and I'm slowly but surely being proven wrong. Recently, [I wrote about](https://cmdr-nova.online/2024/07/09/lets-talk-about-zenless-zone-zero/) MiHoYo's latest game, Zenless Zone Zero, a cyberpunk slice and shoot 'em up that absolutely rips ass. But now, I want to talk about the apocalyptic world of Wuthering Waves, where while wandering some desolate canyon, I came face-to-face with this dude on a huge motorcycle from hell that sliced me in half and killed me (okay, not really, but the dude on the bike was definitely there). First of all, the soundtrack: [https://youtu.be/mglYS2zftVM?si=2qJICXm-JK0fDJIH](https://youtu.be/mglYS2zftVM?si=2qJICXm-JK0fDJIH) This is the music you hear as you're logging on, introduced to the game with something that sounds like it should've been in Metal Gear Solid: Guns of the Patriots. I'm not even sharting you. I think Kuro knew they had fierce competition that's already years down the development line, and they knew they had to immediately capture you with _something_. So, they chose violins and a piano. And then there's the setting ... The story is about this apocalyptic event called the Lament that wiped out most of humanity, which also caused a whole bunch of monsters to plague the world. You're a person woken from your dreams in search of your lost memories, and ultimately, the goal of beating the "Lament." I think that's about as simple as it can get--A plot you'd expect from maybe Ghost in the Shell, but with swords. I'm sure there's an anime more suited to compare that to, but my mind is full of fog and hangover pain. It is, at face value, quite a bit darker, and a little more adult than the bright and cheery high-fantasy world of Genshin Impact. I've also done a little bit of reading, and some say the story in its current state is very short, but I think that's the way these things go as live service, gacha games that never truly end (plus, Waves _just_ launched). And, as _another_ Breath of the Wild clone, there is surely much more to do than story content. For example, Somnoire, these supernatural realms of lost dreams that you traverse in a challenge to collect "cards" that power you up in order to ultimately win a reward. In a way, this sort of reminds me of the elemental challenges in Genshin Impact. And, of course, there are tons and tons of world quests that I've yet to explore.  Mostly, though, this write-up is about my initial and beginning impressions in the game . Speaking of _just having started_, my main player character is level 40.  Either I'm totally kicking tons of ass, or this game is _more_ forgiving than Genshin, where I've been meddling in the quests since it launched, and I think my current cast of characters are level 30? Despite how much I like Genshin, my main issue with it, is that traveling on-foot is _slow_. And your stamina ... is low. In Waves, not so much. You can grapple onto hooking points and swing across short distances, and then float around on a glider sorta deal. But, wait, there's more! You can surely climb up the edge of a cliff, but if you hold down the run key, you can also RUN UP THE SIDE OF A CLIFF. [https://youtu.be/BOacUoKZuLc?si=FisIAD3CxaHopyr0](https://youtu.be/BOacUoKZuLc?si=FisIAD3CxaHopyr0) It seems like this game was specifically engineered with exasperated Genshin players in mind. I'm sure a lot of people who play it know, MiHoYo is ... let's just say, not so forgiving. From running around, to pulling for new characters, it takes _time_. A lot of time. Unless you're extremely lucky, or, spending tons of money (which I refuse to do, I will never spend hundreds in one sitting on a gacha game). In fact, I jumped back into Genshin after playing Waves for a little bit, and I was taken aback a bit by the fact that your sprint only lasts a very short time, compared to Waves where, in many areas, it's _infinite_. Imagine that, an open world Breath of the Wild clone that says, "Hey, this is a game where you potentially pay us money for fictional characters, but also, we'll try not to waste your time." But don't take any of that to sound like I _hate_ Genshin. No, I really enjoy it. It's just that, through spending time with Waves, I've found there are definitely things that could be improved upon. Things that would really only just be a quality of life sort of fix for Genshin. Not that I'm ... _that_ invested in these games. I haven't been _really_ invested in a game since Mass Effect 3 ended. Everything since then has just been a search for the next greatest thing. Baldur's Gate 3 had that feeling for a while, and then the developers dropped it, decided there would be no DLC or expanded content, and peaced out. And here we have the reason why I'm more tending to play endless open world gacha games than 70 dollar Steam games that end and cease updates and expanded content. The sort of thing that leaves you feeling like the time your girlfriend ghosted you after months of being together with no hint that anything was ever wrong. Okay, maybe it's not _that_ serious. All that aside, I haven't really touched on the opening _experience_ in Wuthering Waves. When you first log in, much like Genshin, you're dropped into this world that, from just camming around, you can see is very large. You're set off on a starting quest, and before you know it, you've seen two cities, a few towns, and fought off the engineer of these weird puppet people. A story quest that feels literally like something out of a show on Crunchyroll (not a sponsored comment). And, did I mention the combat has almost the exact same dodge mechanics employed in Zenless Zone Zero? I'm not entirely sure how both games managed to have this real clinched, click, dodge, attack sorta mechanic (since they both came out at almost the exact same time), but I enjoy it! Another thing that felt weird going back into Genshin where the dodge amounts to ... just dashing out-of-the-way real fast and sometimes failing to do so. The only thing that leaves a little to be desired, is the English voice acting. But ... that's kind of an issue in a lot of these games, and I wouldn't say it really takes away from the experience. Having rambled on enough about this, for now, I think I'd give this game a 7 out of 10 anime girls for the price of 19.99 and a little bit of luck. And I'm cautiously, but optimistically, anticipating new content.

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

93歳のウォーレン・バフェット氏の推定純資産は1406億9000万ドル、つまり1400億ドルに相当する。 悪くない。ゼロよりは良いです 多いとも言っておきましょう。 それはさらに巨大です。 しかし、ウォーレン・バフェットの幸運の物語は素晴らしいです。 なぜなら、30歳の時点で彼は100万ドルの財産しか持っていなかったからだ。 35歳の時点で700万しか持っていなかったからです。 40歳の時点で2500万しか持っていなかったからです。 だって、44歳でお金を失った彼には1900万しか残っていなかったんです…。 残りについては、このグラフをご覧ください。  この例から何を覚えておくべきでしょうか? 発見。彼の現在の財産 1,400 億のうち、1,360 億、つまり 97% は彼の 59 歳の誕生日以降に生み出されたものです。ウォーレン・バフェットは相続人でも宝くじの当選者でもありませんでした。 統治者。幸運には常に多くの時間が必要ですが、ここではいわゆる累積効果の影響について考えます。 累積効果はすべてのものに有効です。 学校のお仕事や予備校への入学に。 他の人が羨むような昇進を可能にする職場での仕事に。 スポーツの場合、チャンピオンがチャンピオンになれるのはトレーニングの累積効果だけだからです。 つまり、時間と長期にわたる継続的な努力は、経済的な面だけでなく、成功を築くための 2 つの基本ルールです。 偉大な作家、偉大な詩人、偉大な音楽家は常に多くの時間と努力を要します。 これが、なぜ「老人」が「裕福」であり、「若者」が「貧しい」のかを説明するものです。 誰もが成長し、発展し、働き、累積的な効果を引き起こすために時間が必要です。 私たちは人々に、ましてや若い人たちに、何もしなくてもすべてを手に入れることができる、忍耐しなければすべてを手に入れることができるなどと言ってはなりません。 人生には意味があり、その意味は、私たちは皆、改善し、理解し、より良くなるために自分の人生の道を旅し、歩まなければならないということです。 正しい選択をした人が成功します。 他は失敗します。 私たちはこれを覚えておかなければなりません。 失敗した人を裁いたり非難したりするのではなく、物事の仕組みをよく理解することで、できるだけ多くの人が成功できるようにすることです。 成功の法則は太古の昔から同じです。 自由に使えるお金はありません。安楽な中には成功もありませんし、怠惰な中には幸福もありません。 存在するということは、物事を行い、成果を上げ、それが他の人の目に存在するように示すことができることです。 もっと詳しく知りたい、そして新学期の初めに避けられないチェーンソー税の大虐殺から身を守りたい人は、今が STRATEGIES ファイルを購読する時期です。特別ファイル「税金虐殺から逃れる方法と今、私たちができること」をご覧いただけます。さらに詳しく知りたい場合は、すべての情報がここにあります。わずかな税金を支払えば、98 ユーロはすぐに利益になります。これにより、もう少し支払う必要がなくなります。すべての情報はここにあります。 左派であろうと右派であろうと中央であろうと、金庫は補充されなければならないだろう。 すでに手遅れですが、すべてが失われたわけではありません。 準備をしてください！ この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap 日本のホスティングサービス Linux、Windowsクラウドホスティング データストレージ JPStream を使用して NOSTR リレーを作成する ホスティング サービスの料金をSatsで支払うことができます https://jpstream.net

@ 862fda7e:02a8268b

 If you're a straight man jacking off to straight porn, you're gay. You're looking at another man's cock as a means to get gratification. Without that man's cock, your sexual experience wouldn't be fulfilled. You needing to see that man's cock in order to be sexually fulfilled is gay. I like men but even I can't stand looking at a dude's cock as he bangs a chick. It's a complete turn off. It ruins the entire thing. I don't want to see a man's body, I don't want to see his penis, I don't want to hear him. We have the technology to perfectly replicate a male penis and even automated thrusting. There's no need to continue to jack off to a real man's penis. I don't understand how any self respecting man can become erect while watching another man and his penis bang a hot chick. It's the defenition of cucking, but people will try to rationalize their way out of it. You're the cuck, you just don't have a camera panned on you showing your shame as you pound off. This is why lesbian or solo porn is always superior. Two is better than one, so lesbian porn is by far the best. Lesbian porno has no cocks, or if it does, they're fake and not disgusting. You don't have to deal with looking at a dildo's asshole as it pounds a chick. Lesbian porn is weirdly underrated these days. I almost NEVER see anyone talk about it. It's always degenerate straight porn or overwhelmingly gay shit. You're way more likely to see gay and tranny garbage before lesbians. It's weird that lesbians are probably one of the lesser viewed categories these days. There's a lot of homos out there. Females are not threatening to a sexual situation. It's male penetration that is cuck-like behavior. With females it is all playful and sensual, always with room for more to play. The more cocks you have around a woman, the gayer and more homosexual it is. I especially can't wrap my mind around being turned on by cum shots on a woman. You're jacking off to not only a guy's cock, but his orgasm. You're jacking off to his load. And yes, I UNDERSTAND you're "jacking off to the woman getting cummed on", but you miss the point. You are jacking off to a man having an orgasm. It's never sat right with me, when I want to utilize "material", I want to get turned on by a woman. I feel more straight than straight men at times.

@ 1a48e74d:02c0e00f

 Minimalism and Bitcoin is a topic that I will be diving into over the next few weeks. I am just testing out a new writing client :) #minimalism

@ a619eb76:11d75935

I. Over-Population In 1931, when Brave New World was being written, I was convinced that there was still plenty of time. The completely organized society, the scientific caste system, the abolition of free will by methodical conditioning, the servitude made acceptable by regular doses of chemically induced happiness, the orthodoxies drummed in by nightly courses of sleep-teaching -- these things were coming all right, but not in my time, not even in the time of my grandchildren. I forget the exact date of the events recorded in Brave New World; but it was somewhere in the sixth or seventh century A.F. (After Ford). We who were living in the second quarter of the twentieth century A.D. were the inhabitants, admittedly, of a gruesome kind of universe; but the nightmare of those depression years was radically different from the nightmare of the future, described in Brave New World. Ours was a nightmare of too little order; theirs, in the seventh century A.F., of too much. In the process of passing from one extreme to the other, there would be a long interval, so I imagined, during which the more fortunate third of the human race would make the best of both worlds -- the disorderly world of liberalism and the much too orderly Brave New World where perfect efficiency left no room for freedom or personal initiative. Twenty-seven years later, in this third quarter of the twentieth century A.D., and long before the end of the first century A.F., I feel a good deal less optimistic than I did when I was writing Brave New World. The prophecies made in 1931 are coming true much sooner than I thought they would. The blessed interval between too little order and the nightmare of too much has not begun and shows no sign of beginning. In the West, it is true, individual men and women still enjoy a large measure of freedom. But even in those countries that have a tradition of democratic government, this freedom and even the desire for this freedom seem to be on the wane. In the rest of the world freedom for individuals has already gone, or is manifestly about to go. The nightmare of total organization, which I had situated in the seventh century After Ford, has emerged from the safe, remote future and is now awaiting us, just around the next corner. George Orwell's 1984 was a magnified projection into the future of a present that contained Stalinism and an immediate past that had witnessed the flowering of Nazism. Brave New World was written before the rise of Hitler to supreme power in Germany and when the Russian tyrant had not yet got into his stride. In 1931 systematic terrorism was not the obsessive contemporary fact which it had become in 1948, and the future dictatorship of my imaginary world was a good deal less brutal than the future dictatorship so brilliantly portrayed by Orwell. In the context of 1948, 1984 seemed dreadfully convincing. But tyrants, after all, are mortal and circumstances change. Recent developments in Russia and recent advances in science and technology have robbed Orwell's book of some of its gruesome verisimilitude. A nuclear war will, of course, make nonsense of everybody's predictions. But, assuming for the moment that the Great Powers can somehow refrain from destroying us, we can say that it now looks as though the odds were more in favor of something like Brave New World than of something like 1984. In the light of what we have recently learned about animal behavior in general, and human behavior in particular, it has become clear that control through the punishment of undesirable behavior is less effective, in the long run, than control through the reinforcement of desirable behavior by rewards, and that government through terror works on the whole less well than government through the non-violent manipulation of the environment and of the thoughts and feelings of individual men, women and children. Punishment temporarily puts a stop to undesirable behavior, but does not permanently reduce the victim's tendency to indulge in it. Moreover, the psycho-physical by-products of punishment may be just as undesirable as the behavior for which an individual has been punished. Psychotherapy is largely concerned with the debilitating or anti-social consequences of past punishments. The society described in 1984 is a society controlled almost exclusively by punishment and the fear of punishment. In the imaginary world of my own fable, pun- ishment is infrequent and generally mild. The nearly perfect control exercised by the government is achieved by systematic reinforcement of desirable behavior, by many kinds of nearly non-violent manipulation, both physical and psychological, and by genetic standardization. Babies in bottles and the centralized control of reproduction are not perhaps impossible; but it is quite clear that for a long time to come we shall remain a viviparous species breeding at random. For practical purposes genetic standardization may be ruled out. Societies will continue to be controlled post-natally -- by punishment, as in the past, and to an ever increasing extent by the more effective methods of reward and scientific manipulation. In Russia the old-fashioned, 1984-style dictatorship of Stalin has begun to give way to a more up-to-date form of tyranny. In the upper levels of the Soviets' hierarchical society the reinforcement of desirable behavior has begun to replace the older methods of control through the punishment of undesirable behavior. Engineers and scientists, teachers and administrators, are handsomely paid for good work and so moderately taxed that they are under a constant incentive to do better and so be more highly rewarded. In certain areas they are at liberty to think and do more or less what they like. Punishment awaits them only when they stray beyond their prescribed limits into the realms of ideology and politics. It is because they have been granted a measure of professional freedom that Russian teachers, scientists and technicians have achieved such remarkable successes. Those who live near the base of the Soviet pyramid enjoy none of the privileges accorded to the lucky or specially gifted minority. Their wages are meager and they pay, in the form of high prices, a disproportionately large share of the taxes. The area in which they can do as they please is extremely restricted, and their rulers control them more by punishment and the threat of punishment than through non-violent manipulation or the reinforcement of desirable behavior by reward. The Soviet system combines elements of 1984 with elements that are prophetic of what went on among the higher castes in Brave New World. Meanwhile impersonal forces over which we have almost no control seem to be pushing us all in the direction of the Brave New Worldian nightmare; and this impersonal pushing is being consciously accelerated by representatives of commercial and political organizations who have developed a number of new techniques for manipulating, in the interest of some minority, the thoughts and feelings of the masses. The techniques of manipulation will be discussed in later chapters. For the moment let us confine our attention to those impersonal forces which are now making the world so extremely unsafe for democracy, so very inhospitable to individual freedom. What are these forces? And why has the nightmare, which I had projected into the seventh century A.F., made so swift an advance in our direction? The answer to these questions must begin where the life of even the most highly civilized society has its beginnings -- on the level of biology. On the first Christmas Day the population of our planet was about two hundred and fifty millions -- less than half the population of modern China. Sixteen centuries later, when the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth Rock, human numbers had climbed to a little more than five hundred millions. By the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, world population had passed the seven hundred million mark. In 1931, when I was writing Brave New World, it stood at just under two billions. Today, only twenty-seven years later, there are two billion eight hundred million of us. And tomorrow -- what? Penicillin, DDT and clean water are cheap commodities, whose effects on public health are out of all proportion to their cost. Even the poorest government is rich enough to provide its subjects with a substantial measure of death control. Birth control is a very different matter. Death control is something which can be provided for a whole people by a few technicians working in the pay of a benevolent government. Birth control depends on the co-operation of an entire people. It must be practiced by countless individuals, from whom it demands more intelligence and will power than most of the world's teeming illiterates possess, and (where chemical or mechanical methods of contraception are used) an expenditure of more money than most of these millions can now afford. Moreover, there are nowhere any religious traditions in favor of unrestricted death, whereas religious and social traditions in favor of unrestricted reproduction are widespread. For all these reasons, death control is achieved very easily, birth control is achieved with great difficulty. Death rates have therefore fallen in recent years with startling suddenness. But birth rates have either remained at their old high level or, if they have fallen, have fallen very little and at a very slow rate. In consequence, human numbers are now increasing more rapidly than at any time in the history of the species. Moreover, the yearly increases are themselves increasing. They increase regularly, according to the rules of compound interest; and they also increase irregularly with every application, by a technologically backward society of the principles of Public Health. At the present time the annual increase in world population runs to about forty-three millions. This means that every four years mankind adds to its numbers the equivalent of the present population of the United States, every eight and a half years the equivalent of the present population of India. At the rate of increase prevailing between the birth of Christ and the death of Queen Elizabeth I, it took sixteen centuries for the population of the earth to double. At the present rate it will double in less than half a century. And this fantastically rapid doubling of our numbers will be taking place on a planet whose most desirable and productive areas are already densely populated, whose soils are being eroded by the frantic efforts of bad farmers to raise more food, and whose easily available mineral capital is being squandered with the reckless extravagance of a drunken sailor getting rid of his accumulated pay. In the Brave New World of my fable, the problem of human numbers in their relation to natural resources had been effectively solved. An optimum figure for world population had been calculated and numbers were maintained at this figure (a little under two billions, if I remember rightly) generation after generation. In the real contemporary world, the population problem has not been solved. On the contrary it is becoming graver and more formidable with every passing year. It is against this grim biological background that all the political, economic, cultural and psychological dramas of our time are being played out. As the twentieth century wears on, as the new billions are added to the existing billions (there will be more than five and a half billions of us by the time my granddaughter is fifty), this biological background will advance, ever more insistently, ever more menacingly, toward the front and center of the historical stage. The problem of rapidly increasing numbers in relation to natural resources, to social stability and to the well-being of individuals -- this is now the central problem of mankind; and it will remain the central problem certainly for another century, and perhaps for several centuries thereafter. A new age is supposed to have begun on October 4, 1957. But actually, in the present context, all our exuberant post-Sputnik talk is irrelevant and even nonsensical. So far as the masses of mankind are concerned, the coming time will not be the Space Age; it will be the Age of Over-population. We can parody the words of the old song and ask, *Will the space that you're so rich in Light a fire in the kitchen, Or the little god of space turn the spit, spit, spit?* The answer, it is obvious, is in the negative. A settlement on the moon may be of some military advantage to the nation that does the settling. But it will do nothing whatever to make life more tolerable, during the fifty years that it will take our present population to double, for the earth's undernourished and proliferating billions. And even if, at some future date, emigration to Mars should become feasible, even if any con- siderable number of men and women were desperate enough to choose a new life under conditions comparable to those prevailing on a mountain twice as high as Mount Everest, what difference would that make? In the course of the last four centuries quite a number of people sailed from the Old World to the New. But neither their departure nor the returning flow of food and raw materials could solve the problems of the Old World. Similarly the shipping of a few surplus humans to Mars (at a cost, for transportation and development, of several million dollars a head) will do nothing to solve the problem of mounting population pressures on our own planet. Unsolved, that problem will render insoluble all our other problems. Worse still, it will create conditions in which individual freedom and the social decencies of the democratic way of life will become impossible, almost unthinkable. Not all dictatorships arise in the same way. There are many roads to Brave New World; but perhaps the straightest and the broadest of them is the road we are traveling today, the road that leads through gigantic numbers and accelerating increases. Let us briefly review the reasons for this close correlation between too many people, too rapidly multiplying, and the formulation of authoritarian philosophies, the rise of totalitarian systems of government. As large and increasing numbers press more heavily upon available resources, the economic position of the society undergoing this ordeal becomes ever more precarious. This is especially true of those underdeveloped regions, where a sudden lowering of the death rate by means of DDT, penicillin and clean water has not been accompanied by a corresponding fall in the birth rate. In parts of Asia and in most of Central and South America populations are increasing so fast that they will double themselves in little more than twenty years. If the production of food and manufactured articles, of houses, schools and teachers, could be increased at a greater rate than human numbers, it would be possible to improve the wretched lot of those who live in these underdeveloped and over- populated countries. But unfortunately these countries lack not merely agricultural machinery and an industrial plant capable of turning out this machinery, but also the capital required to create such a plant. Capital is what is left over after the primary needs of a population have been satisfied. But the primary needs of most of the people in underdeveloped countries are never fully satisfied. At the end of each year almost nothing is left over, and there is therefore almost no capital available for creating the industrial and agricultural plant, by means of which the people's needs might be satisfied. Moreover, there is, in all these underdeveloped countries, a serious shortage of the trained manpower without which a modern industrial and agricultural plant cannot be operated. The present educational facilities are inadequate; so are the resources, financial and cultural, for improving the existing facilities as fast as the situation demands. Meanwhile the population of some of these underdeveloped countries is increasing at the rate of 3 per cent per annum. Their tragic situation is discussed in an important book, published in 1957 -- The Next Hundred Years, by Professors Harrison Brown, James Bonner and John Weir of the California Institute of Technology. How is mankind coping with the problem of rapidly increasing numbers? Not very successfully. "The evidence suggests rather strongly that in most underdeveloped countries the lot of the average individual has worsened appreciably in the last half century. People have become more poorly fed. There are fewer available goods per person. And practically every attempt to improve the situation has been nullified by the relentless pressure of continued population growth." Whenever the economic life of a nation becomes precarious, the central government is forced to assume additional responsibilities for the general welfare. It must work out elaborate plans for dealing with a critical situation; it must impose ever greater restrictions upon the activities of its subjects; and if, as is very likely, worsening economic conditions result in political unrest, or open rebellion, the central government must intervene to preserve public order and its own authority. More and more power is thus concentrated in the hands of the executives and their bureaucratic managers. But the nature of power is such that even those who have not sought it, but have had it forced upon them, tend to acquire a taste for more. "Lead us not into temptation," we pray -- and with good reason; for when human beings are tempted too enticingly or too long, they generally yield. A democratic constitution is a device for preventing the local rulers from yielding to those particularly dangerous temptations that arise when too much power is concentrated in too few hands. Such a constitution works pretty well where, as in Britain or the United States, there is a traditional respect for constitutional procedures. Where the republican or limited monarchical tradition is weak, the best of constitutions will not prevent ambitious politicians from succumbing with glee and gusto to the temptations of power. And in any country where numbers have begun to press heavily upon available resources, these temptations cannot fail to arise. Over-population leads to economic insecurity and social unrest. Unrest and insecurity lead to more control by central governments and an increase of their power. In the absence of a constitutional tradition, this increased power will probably be exercised in a dictatorial fashion. Even if Communism had never been invented, this would be likely to happen. But Communism has been invented. Given this fact, the probability of over-population leading through unrest to dictatorship becomes a virtual certainty. It is a pretty safe bet that, twenty years from now, all the world's over-populated and underdeveloped countries will be under some form of totalitarian rule -- probably by the Communist party. How will this development affect the over-populated, but highly industrialized and still democratic countries of Europe? If the newly formed dictatorships were hostile to them, and if the normal flow of raw materials from the underdeveloped countries were deliberately interrupted, the nations of the West would find themselves in a very bad way indeed. Their industrial system would break down, and the highly developed technology, which up till now has permitted them to sustain a population much greater than that which could be supported by locally available resources, would no longer protect them against the consequences of having too many people in too small a territory. If this should happen, the enormous powers forced by unfavorable conditions upon central govern- ments may come to be used in the spirit of totalitarian dictatorship. The United States is not at present an over-populated country. If, however, the population continues to increase at the present rate (which is higher than that of India's increase, though happily a good deal lower than the rate now current in Mexico or Guatemala), the problem of numbers in relation to available resources might well become troublesome by the beginning of the twenty-first century. For the moment overpopulation is not a direct threat to the personal freedom of Americans. It remains, however, an indirect threat, a menace at one remove. If over-population should drive the underdeveloped countries into totalitarianism, and if these new dictatorships should ally themselves with Russia, then the military position of the United States would become less secure and the preparations for defense and retaliation would have to be intensified. But liberty, as we all know, cannot flourish in a country that is permanently on a war footing, or even a near-war footing. Permanent crisis justifies permanent control of everybody and everything by the agencies of the central government. And permanent crisis is what we have to expect in a world in which over-population is producing a state of things, in which dictatorship under Communist auspices becomes almost inevitable.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

 Each relay selects a branch from above and starts serving. Some big machines in the top layers can handle more. Smaller machines in layers below are needed for decentralization and scalability. Some top layer machines can act in sync only mode, efficiently distributing notes among layers. Relay or the admin posts a special kind for advertisement of the relay: ``` { "pubkey": "...pubkey of admin or the relay itself..", "kind": 30202, "tags": [ ["d","..10"], ["ip4","111.222.33.44:443","primary"], ["ip6","abc:def::443","backup"], ], ... } ``` The above example says this relay will handle the note id's that are ending with bits ..10. In this case it is going to handle about 1/4th of the network. Primary way of reaching at this relay is through ip 111.222.33.44. There is also a backup server. Clients can accept this advertisement based on web of trust or historical reliability of the npub. Or other npubs can measure the reliability of this relay and send reactions to this note. Clients then can see these reactions and rank these services. Solves: - Possible future DNS ban issues: I don't know when or if DNS will be an issue for Nostr. The above design can help with the situation. - Scalability: If 1 million users join the network at the same time, the machines that are handling ".." i.e. all of the traffic may fail. But if the clients are using relays on other layers, the load will be efficiently distributed to many machines. The failure of layer 0 and 1 will not stop the network. Every layer can operate independently without the other layers (in theory). - Traffic efficiency: A client has to query many relays, depending on what it wants to do. It may choose to stay efficient (talk to top layers) on mobile traffic, or it may choose to help decentralization over wifi. The notes that match the queries will not be repeated as many times as current design, because relays will hold a portion of the network. - Storage efficiency: Relay operators can just save a part of the network that they are responsible for, on NVME drives. The rest of the network they can save in hard drives. In case of major failure the hard drives can still have a copy. - Speed: Since the notes will come from many different relays at the same time, there may be a slight speed increase. - Decentralization: If the top layer relays collude and start banning the other layers can still continue to serve notes. - Backup relay: In case a relay instance fails, users can find the backup server on the same note. - Zero down time migration: The ability to define a backup server allows zero down time migrations. An operator can set the primary to the new server and backup to the old server and do migration and continue without interruption. - Efficient sync among servers: A relay has to sync with 3 servers, 1 above, 2 below. But it can do 6 or 9 depending on how much reliability it wants. - Writing to logN relays: Clients has to write to logN relays (i.e. 1 relay in each layer), to effectively distribute their notes to everyone and also to help with decentralization.

@ 6c8c7979:15595f3e

It's one of Granada's most famous landmarks and considered one of the greatest architectural palaces built by the Nasrid rulers of Spanish Granada in the 13th century AD, following the Islamic-Andalusian style, serving as a fortress for defending their city. Despite being built nearly 800 years ago, the Alhambra Palace remains an architectural marvel of exquisite beauty. So, discover with us some astonishing facts about it.  `$$It took over 150 years to build$$` Prince Abu Abdullah Muhammad I, also known as "Al-Ghalib Billah," the founder of the Nasrid Dynasty in Granada, ordered the construction of the Alhambra Palace between 1238 and 1273 AD. While initial work on its fortified walls and thirteen tall towers began in 1238, the complete construction of the site lasted over 150 years due to additions and modifications by subsequent Nasrid rulers during their reigns.  `$$Its name, "Alhambra," has several possible origins$$` Built on the elevated hill of "Sabika" near the Darro River, the origin of its name is debated. Some suggest it stems from the reddish color of the stones used in its construction or the red-tinged soil in the area. Others attribute it to the name "Al-Red," by which the rulers of Granada were known. Another theory links its name to the "Red City," named for the color of its other citadels.  `$$The palace has withstood wars and earthquakes$$` From the outside, the Alhambra Palace still astonishes with its preserved architectural grandeur, despite being over 800 years old. It resisted attacks by the French army during the early 19th century invasion of Spain and has endured numerous earthquakes due to its location in a region prone to seismic activity.  `$$Legend of the "Gate of Justice" and the end of the world$$` Builders of the palace believed so strongly in its exceptional construction and advanced techniques that they spread the idea that if enemies ever opened the "Gate of Justice" – the main gateway of the palace – it would signal the end of the world. The "Gate of Justice" remains a significant symbol of the Alhambra, featuring a sculpted hand on its cornerstone and a key placed beside it. Legend says the hand and key were positioned high up so that only the worthy could reach them, potentially becoming the new ruler of Granada and owner of the Alhambra Palace. 

@ 1739d937:3e3136ef

This is the fourth in a series of weekly updates detailing progress on bringing MLS protocol DMs and group messaging to Nostr. ## Previous Updates - [June 28th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1719562889267) - [July 6th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1720256910765) - [July 12th 2024](https://habla.news/u/jeffg.fyi/1720778880538) ## Progress this week The dependency train continues to roll. This week I was in touch with the maintainers of both OpenMLS and the hkpe-rs library and have pushed my changes forward in both areas. I've also gotten closer to understanding the wire format and relay requirements for the NIP I'm working on. To be honest, the progress feels pretty slow at the moment but I've seen this story often enough to know that I'm on the right track. To be clear, my goal here is do this right _and_ make it as easy as possible for Nostr devs to implement MLS based messaging across all of Nostr. That necessarily requires ensuring that all the implementation libraries support the right pieces and that our NIP is clean and well thought through (no one likes a shed full of bikes). ### HPKE-RS My [PR](https://github.com/franziskuskiefer/hpke-rs/pull/66) to add support for secp256k1 is moving. I've been adding tests this week and fixing a few issues. Once this is merged, I'll update my `secp256k1`-based library as well. One unfortunate roadblock has been a lack of solid test vectors - this has eaten some time. ### OpenMLS Nostr Crypto I had a short call with the OpenMLS maintainer team this week and was able to clarify what I'm trying to do and how they see it fitting in best. I was also able to get a better idea about how clients will need to process incoming messages. One interesting highlight: **Messages have to be processed in the right order.** Otherwise it's impossible to keep the ratchet tree in the correct state. My left-curve solution to this for now is to use both created at (as a dumb first pass at sorting) + a hash of the previous message content. This will give Nostr clients a simple way to double check that they have the messages in the correct order before they attempt to process them. Unfortunatley, this doesn't do a good job accounting for messages that are missing. My guess is that this isn't going to be a major issue, but I won't have a clear idea until there is a working Nostr relay based demo. The next steps in my code for OpenMLS is to refactor the ciphersuites trait to make it easier to use custom ciphersuites. My initial PR hardcoded our secp256k1 based suite into the library but the clearly better solution is to refactor a few things to make sure that there isn't any hardcoding in the main OpenMLS library, the ciphersuite, or the credentials (which hold your identity information and make prekey bundles possible). The library's maintainers are open to this, so I've started on that this week. ### Request for feedback I'd love to hear from devs on one point. The OpenMLS library currently makes it very easy to serialize messages (both group control messages and actual messages between users). These messages have a lot of data in them about the current structure of the ratchet tree and whatever message or control event they're trying to communicate. My current plan is to simply NIP-44 encrypt those serialized messages into the content field of a new event kind. The messages themselves are deserialized and processed in two simple calls by the OpenMLS library so I don't see any reason to keep destructured or deserialized data in the nostr events that are heading over the wire. This also makes it easier to keep metadata about messages hidden to observers. ## Goals Recap It's been a few weeks since I've talked about why this is important so, it's time to recap what we're aiming for: 1. Private and Confidential DMs and Group messages 1. **Private** means that an observer cannot tell that Alice and Bob are talking to one another, or that Alice is part of a specific group. This necessarily requires protecting metadata. 2. **Confidential** means that the contents of conversations can only be viewed by the intended recipients. 2. Forward secrecy and Post-compromise security (PCS) in the case of any key material being leaked, whether that's your main Nostr identity key (your nsec) or any of the keys used in the MLS ratchet trees. 1. **Forward secrecy** means that encrypted content in the past remains encrypted even if key material is leaked. 2. **Post compromise security** means that leaking key material doesn't allow an attacker to continue to read messages indefinitely into the future. 3. Scales well for large groups. MLS provides this from a computational standpoint, but we need to make sure this works in a scalable way when multiple relays are involved. 4. Allows for the use of multiple device/clients in a single conversation/group. Importantly, we're _not_ aiming to enable a device/client to be able to reconstruct the full history of a conversation at any point. ## Onward and Upward Grind, grind, grind. Touch grass & hug family. I'm visiting family starting next week for a few weeks. I'm going to be taking some time off in there so expect a few light updates in the coming weeks.

@ aa4955b3:e9df94de

I stood in the back of the church after Sunday’s service. An unfamiliar congregant approached me with a question: “If Saturday is the Sabbath day, and the Sabbath command is one of the ten commandments, then why do churches worship on Sunday?” It is a good question. While many evangelical churches today hold that the Sabbath command is the only commandment of the ten commandments not repeated in the New Testament, and therefore no longer binding, the more traditional Protestant view is that the ten commandments are part of the moral or natural law, and therefore all of the ten commandments remain in force, including the fourth commandment. If that’s true, why worship on Sunday? Christians have worshiped on Sunday since the earliest times in the church because Sunday, the first day of the week, is the day Jesus rose from the dead. They called it “the Lord’s Day” (Rev. 1:10), and 1 Cor. 16:2 and Acts 20:7 both strongly suggest, if not demonstrate conclusively, that it was the early disciples’ custom, from the beginning, to meet on the first day of the week for worship. Jesus set apart the day not only by rising from the dead on that day, but also in His frequent appearances on the first day of the week after His resurrection (John 20:19; 20:26) and in the pouring out of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, also on the first day of the week. Still, if the Sabbath is a perpetual command, and Saturday is the Sabbath day, then how can churches simply ignore that fact and change the day it is observed? Aren’t they breaking God’s commandment? In truth, the fourth commandment never fixes Saturday as the day it must be observed. Scripture simply says it is to be observed the seventh day, because the LORD made the earth and the heavens in six days, and on the seventh day He rested from His work (Exod. 20:9; 35:2; Gen. 2:2-3). Granted, the seventh day, counted from the first day of creation, if we call that seventh day “Saturday,” would be observed Saturday each week, in perpetuity. And yet, the New Testament is very clear that Christ has inaugurated a new day, and a new creation. As 2 Cor. 5:17 says, “If anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new.” In fact, many prophecies, both verbal and typological, of the Old Testament, point to a fulfillment which sets apart the first day of the week (the eighth day as opposed to the seventh) as particularly holy (e.g. the Temple was dedicated on the first day of the week; Hebrew males were circumcised on the eighth day, etc.). So that first resurrection Sunday, when Jesus rose from the dead very early in the morning (John 20:1), was the expected and prophesied dawning of the first day of a new world (Rev. 21:5). It was the dawning of that eschatological eighth day, the beginning of a new week—a new Sabbath, if you will—prophesied in types and shadows throughout the Old Testament. Jesus did not come to abolish the Law, but He did come to fulfill it (Matt. 5:17). He is Lord of the Sabbath (Matt. 12:8), and He set apart and sanctified the first day of the week by rising from the dead on that day. Which is a more fitting day for Christians to worship Jesus our risen Redeemer—Saturday, the day He was dead in the tomb, or Sunday, the day He rose triumphant from the tomb? The upshot is this: Christians still observe the day of God’s rest, every seventh day, just as the fourth commandment requires, but we observe it not on the day God rested from His work of creation, but on the day Jesus, God incarnate, rested from His work of redemption, as Christians have from the beginning. For if Jews under the Old Testament observed the Sabbath every seventh day in remembrance of the day God rested from His work of creation, how much more should we worship every seventh day, in remembrance of the day God rested from His greater work of making a new creation? Author's note: I am indebted for much of the substance of this article to Robert Haldane's concise but persuasive work entitled Sanctification of the Sabbath: The Permanent Obligation to Observe the Sabbath or Lord's Day.

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🐸 Bitcoin e crypto continuano a funzionare, nonostante il caos informatico globale. Una lezione per gli scettici. 🐧 Mentre il mondo è sconquassato da problemi informatici che hanno messo a terra banche, ATM, borse e aeroporti, c’è una tecnologia che continua a funzionare: Bitcoin e il mondo crypto. La natura decentralizzata di queste tecnologie dimostra la loro resilienza in situazioni estreme, offrendo una lezione importante sulla robustezza dei sistemi distribuiti rispetto a quelli centralizzati. 🐧 Un grave guasto alla rete cloud di Microsoft ha causato enormi difficoltà globali, influenzando aeroporti e sistemi informatici delle banche. Dalla sospensione dei voli a livello internazionale ai blocchi nelle borse di Londra e Milano, l'impatto è stato significativo. United Airlines e molte altre compagnie hanno dovuto sospendere le operazioni, causando ritardi e cancellazioni. 🐧 Il problema sembra essere legato a un bug presente in un aggiornamento di CrowdStrike, un prodotto di sicurezza informatica, che ha provocato il temuto “blue screen” su numerosi computer. Microsoft ha dichiarato ufficialmente che il problema riguardava la capacità degli utenti di accedere a varie applicazioni e servizi Microsoft 365, escludendo l’ipotesi di un attacco informatico. Anche se la maggior parte dei servizi sono stati ripristinati, permangono problemi significativi. 🐧 Nel frattempo, Bitcoin continua a produrre blocchi, dimostrando la sua affidabilità come sistema di pagamento decentralizzato. Le difficoltà globali di oggi mettono in evidenza l'importanza di un sistema finanziario e monetario decentralizzato, fuori dal controllo di singole entità. Questa giornata rafforza l'idea che Bitcoin e altre criptovalute siano essenziali per la libertà e la sicurezza finanziaria. Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #Blackout #Banche #ATM #Borse #Aeroporti #Guasto #Londra #Milano #Cloud #Microsoft #CrowdStrike #BlueScreen #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ 5df413d4:2add4f5b

### BLUEBERRY OKRA LIME TEA https://image.nostr.build/f063cf64710c1551c7cfbfd090cbcb9dbf6b1ab046c26fbe9f81f9cabe454d12.jpg https://image.nostr.build/5e8267ac7c4d30764ad9748fd8ac64b5ad4c746172a4a32ecac355378ed2666a.jpg * Blueberries * Cut Okra fingers * Okra Flowers * Lime zest * Slice of lime Heat water 3-4 cups of water to boil. Add ingredients and let boil for 5 minutes. Lower heat and let simmer for 10 minutes. Use sieve with funnel to strain into 32 oz mason jar. **Benefits:** Gut health, Cardiovascular health, antioxidant and anti-inflammation, boost immunity, anti-diabetic, sexual vitality. Also remember Okra is a "seed to stem" fruit - the seeds, stalks, leaves, flower, and fruit are all edible. It is a plant with phenomenal culinary, medicinal, and even cosmetic (i.e. hair and skin uses) range - your African, Indo-Asian, and American Southern herbalists and plant works have always known this. If this is new to you, ask your self why... Blessing to you all friends. ~Moon

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🥂 Mt. Gox inizia i trasferimenti: oltre 40.000 BTC spostati verso wallet sconosciuti, generando nervosismo nei mercati. 🌯 Movimenti di Bitcoin da Mt. Gox 🥂 Il fallito exchange Mt. Gox ha iniziato a trasferire oltre 40.000 Bitcoin verso un indirizzo sconosciuto, in preparazione per la restituzione ai legittimi proprietari. Secondo Arkham Intelligence, il trasferimento è parte del piano di ripresa, ma l'assenza di informazioni precise alimenta incertezza e preoccupazione tra gli investitori. 🌯 Reazione del mercato 🥂 Il mercato ha reagito negativamente alla notizia, con un calo dei prezzi che è iniziato poco prima della diffusione dell'informazione. Le speculazioni su possibili vendite di massa e insider trading hanno aumentato il nervosismo, anche se Kraken ha confermato di aver ricevuto i fondi e prevede di distribuirli entro 7-14 giorni. 🌯 Kraken e i dettagli della restituzione 🥂 Kraken ha annunciato di aver ricevuto BTC e BCH dal fiduciario di Mt. Gox, confermando che i fondi verranno distribuiti secondo le istruzioni ricevute. La piattaforma si impegna a completare i pagamenti entro due settimane, mentre il totale dei Bitcoin trasferiti ha raggiunto circa 91.755 BTC, alimentando ulteriormente le preoccupazioni di potenziali vendite sul mercato. Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #MtGox #Exchange #Arkham #Kraken #BCH #BTC #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

*Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/612715/r/Undisciplined* I enjoyed the discussion in the 2022 AMA. I'd love to have some more stackers reporting more on the developing world. How is the bitcoin ecosystem developing? What problems is it solving for people? * * - ### July 19, 2023 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[Bitcoin Optech Newsletter #260](https://stacker.news/items/211185/r/Undisciplined)** Link to https://bitcoinops.org/en/newsletters/2023/07/19/ *2733 sats \ 0 comments \ @ssaurel \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/211250/r/Undisciplined?commentId=211288** #### Excerpt > Been very busy recently replicating the Indranet architecture to the guy who's been paying me to design and build it. It's been great for me in terms of helping delineate the core principles of the design and to spot some possible design flaws, as we […] *340 sats \ 0 replies \ @l0k18* From **[What are you working on this week?](https://stacker.news/items/211250/r/Undisciplined)** by @sn in ~meta ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 2nd place **@nerd2ninja** (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47) *1335 stacked \ 2158 spent \ 0 posts \ 6 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *22.1k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29.9k spent \ 110 posts \ 192 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 19, 2022 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[I'm Alex Gladstein. CSO of the Human Rights Foundation. AMA](https://stacker.news/items/47002/r/Undisciplined)** #### Excerpt > I am also the author of Check Your Financial Privilege. *93.1k sats \ 48 comments \ @gladstein \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/47002/r/Undisciplined?commentId=47018** #### Excerpt > Bitcoin is likely playing a nascent role in cross-border payments between South Korea, China, and NK, but it's too early too tell *470 sats \ 0 replies \ @gladstein* From **[I'm Alex Gladstein. CSO of the Human Rights Foundation. AMA](https://stacker.news/items/47002/r/Undisciplined)** by @gladstein in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 1st place **@k00b** *13.5k stacked \ 92.4k spent \ 3 posts \ 13 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *126.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 132k spent \ 94 posts \ 300 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 19, 2021 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[Dashboard: Bitcoin KPIs](https://stacker.news/items/408/r/Undisciplined)** Link to https://bitcoinkpis.com/ *3 sats \ 3 comments \ @nathanael \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/398/r/Undisciplined?commentId=409** #### Excerpt > nice - i added it [there](https://github.com/fiatjaf/awesome-lnurl/commit/e7f8dee052cff5f4a4434733e8a911ddcb9d55c6) - welcome *2 sats \ 1 reply \ @nathanael* From **[Stacker.News Community](https://stacker.news/items/398/r/Undisciplined)** by @gmd in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` No top stacker ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *11 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 15 spent \ 1 post \ 7 comments* originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/613971

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 ☀️ Sessantatré deputati del Parlamento Europeo hanno richiesto la sospensione dei diritti di voto dell’Ungheria nell’Unione Europea. La richiesta segue le visite del primo ministro ungherese Viktor Orbán in Russia e Cina, per cercare di avviare delle trattative di pace, accusate di aver abusato del ruolo della presidenza del Consiglio dell’UE. ☀️ Le visite controverse di Orbán. ☀️ Nella lettera indirizzata ai vertici dell'UE, i deputati affermano che le visite di Orbán a Putin e Xi Jinping hanno travisato i poteri del suo ruolo, danneggiando l'immagine dell'UE. Questa azione è vista come un tentativo deliberato di sfruttare la sua posizione per fini personali e politici. I cittadini si domandano quali siano questi fini personali e se la ricerca di una pace possa ritenersi tale. ☀️ Il contenuto della lettera. ☀️ I firmatari sostengono che le condanne verbali non bastano e richiedono azioni concrete, come la sospensione dei diritti di voto dell’Ungheria nel Consiglio. La lettera, supportata da vari gruppi parlamentari, evidenzia gli interessi in gioco in questo conflitto e smaschera la gravissima sfida compiuta da parte di Orbán verso la mafia che controlla le stanze del potere europeo. ☀️ Possibili conseguenze per l’Ungheria. ☀️ La sospensione dei diritti di voto priverebbe l’Ungheria della capacità di influenzare le decisioni nel Consiglio dell’UE. Questa misura senza precedenti potrebbe segnare un punto di svolta nelle relazioni tra l’Ungheria e l’Unione Europea, mettendo in luce le tensioni interne e gli interessi sovranazionali che ci sono dietro ai grandi investimenti fatti fino ad ora portando avanti questa guerra. ☀️ Se la UE vuole la pace, come mai nessuno dei politici che hanno preceduto Orbán ha mai provato a creare delle relazioni con i paesi coinvolti? E come mai, ora che Orbán non fa altro che svolgere il lavoro per cui ha ricevuto l'incarico semestrale, viene attaccato in questo modo da tutti gli altri deputati? Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #Parlamento #Europeo #UE #Ungheria #UnioneEuropea #Politica #ViktorOrbán #Orbán #Russia #Cina #Putin #Trump #Xi #Sospensione #Bitcoin

@ a5d8475e:df9ff32c

Understanding how local estate agents determine the value of a property is crucial for anyone looking to buy or sell a home. **[Letting agents wolverhampton](https://halleuk.com/)** use a combination of market analysis, property characteristics, and local expertise to assess property value accurately. In regions like Wolverhampton and the West Midlands, the role of local estate agents is particularly significant due to the diverse property market. Here's an insight into the process estate agents use to value properties. Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) One of the primary methods used by **[estate agents west midlands](https://halleuk.com/)**, is Comparative Market Analysis (CMA). This involves comparing the property in question with similar properties that have recently sold in the same area. Key factors considered include the property's location, size, age, condition, and features. By analyzing these comparable sales, agents can estimate a competitive market value for the property. Location and Neighborhood The location of a property is a major determinant of its value. **[Estate agents Wolverhampton](https://halleuk.com/)** and the West Midlands consider various aspects of the neighborhood, such as proximity to schools, transportation links, shopping centers, and other amenities. Properties in highly sought-after areas, like Tettenhall or Codsall, often command higher prices due to their desirable locations. Property Condition and Features The condition of a property significantly impacts its value. **[Wolverhampton estate agents](https://halleuk.com/)** evaluate both the interior and exterior condition of the property, including structural integrity, modernity of installations, and overall maintenance. Features such as a modern kitchen, updated bathrooms, double glazing, and energy-efficient systems can enhance property value. Unique features, like historical elements in older homes, can also add value. Market Conditions Current market conditions play a crucial role in property valuation. Estate agents monitor local and national market trends, including supply and demand dynamics, interest rates, and economic indicators. For instance, if there's a high demand for properties but limited supply in the West Midlands, property values are likely to rise. Conversely, an oversupply of homes may lead to lower property prices. Conclusion Determining the value of a property is a complex process that involves various factors and expertise. Estate agents in Wolverhampton and the West Midlands use a combination of Comparative Market Analysis, professional appraisals, market conditions, and local knowledge to provide accurate property valuations. CONTACT: 2-3 Walsall Rd, Willenhall, WV13 2EH, info@halleuk.com, +44 (0) 1902 504455

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

現代の奴隷制度は、地表に戻る奴隷の群れによって同意された自発的な奴隷制度です。彼らは自分たちをさらに奴隷にするすべての商品を自分たちで購入します。彼ら自身も、これまで以上に疎外的な仕事を追いかけていますが、彼らが十分に賢明であれば、私たちは寛大にも彼らにその仕事を与えることに同意します。彼らは自分たちが仕える主人を自ら選びます。 不条理が入り混じったこの悲劇が起こるためには、まずこの階級の成員から搾取と疎外に対する意識をすべて取り除く必要があった。これが現代の奇妙な現代です。古代の奴隷、中世の農奴、あるいは第一次産業革命の労働者とは異なり、今日私たちは完全に奴隷化されているにもかかわらず、それを知らない、あるいはむしろ知りたくない階級に直面しています。 したがって、彼らは、搾取される側の唯一の正当な反応であるはずの反乱を無視している。彼らは自分たちのために築かれた哀れな人生を何の疑問もなく受け入れます。放棄と諦めが彼らの不幸の原因です。 これは、最終的には疎外システムの不気味な踊りの中で死ぬことだけを望んでいる現代の奴隷の悪い夢です。彼らが疎外された労働の力によって自分たちの世界を構築するとき、この世界の設定は彼らが生きなければならない刑務所になります。味も匂いもなく、支配的な生産様式の悲惨さを内包する卑劣な世界。この装飾は常に建設中です。そこには安定したものは何もありません。 私たちの周りの空間の永続的な反映は、その住人が生きなければならない全身性の健忘症と不安の中で正当化されます。システムのイメージに沿ってすべてを作り直すことです。世界は工場のように毎日少しずつ汚くなり、騒がしくなっています。この世界のあらゆる部分は国家または個人の所有物です。 この社会的窃盗は土地の独占的収用であり、壁、鉄格子、フェンス、障壁、国境が遍在する中で実現されます。 それらは、すべてを侵食するこの分離の目に見える痕跡です。しかし同時に、商業文化の利益に従って空間を統一することは、私たちの悲しい時代の大きな目的でもあります。世界は、物資の輸送を容易にするために、極限まで合理化された巨大な高速道路にならなければなりません。自然であろうと人間であろうと、あらゆる障害物は破壊されなければなりません。この卑屈な集団が密集する生息地は、彼らの生活を反映しています。それは檻、刑務所、洞窟のように見えます。 そして、奴隷や囚人とは異なり、現代で搾取される人々は檻の代金を支払わなければなりません。そして、遍在する広告メッセージによれば、彼は幸福と充実感をもたらすはずの新しい品物をこの狭くて暗い家の中に積み上げている。しかし、物を蓄えれば蓄えるほど、いつか幸福を得る可能性は遠ざかっていく。 本質的に、イデオロギー商品は、それを生産する人の仕事を奪い、それを消費する人の人生を奪います。支配的な経済システムでは、もはや需要が供給を条件付けるのではなく、供給が需要を決定するのです。 このようにして、新しいニーズが定期的に生み出され、人口の大多数によってすぐに重要なニーズとみなされるようになります。最初はラジオ、次に自動車、テレビ、コンピューター、そして現在は携帯電話となり、これらすべての商品が非常に限られた期間に大量に流通しました。時間は人間関係を大きく変化させ、一方では人々を仲間からもう少し孤立させる役割を果たし、他方ではシステムの支配的なメッセージを広める役割を果たします。 私たちが所有しているものは、最終的には私たちを所有することになります。 しかし、現代の奴隷が自分の置かれている衰退の状態を最もよく表しているのは、やはり食事のときである。食べるものを準備する時間がますます限られているため、彼は農薬産業で生産されたものを急いで消費することになります。彼はスーパーマーケットを歩き回り、偽りの豊かさの社会が彼に与えることに同意したエルザッツを探します。ここでもまた、彼は選択の幻想だけを持っています。 食料品の豊富さは、その劣化と偽造を隠すだけです。それは、遺伝子組み換え生物、着色料、防腐剤、殺虫剤、ホルモン、その他の現代の発明の混合物にほかならないことで悪名高い。即時の喜びは、あらゆる形態の消費のルールであるのと同様に、主要な食事方法のルールです。そして、この食べ方を示す結果がそこにあります。 しかし、西洋人が自分の立場と熱狂的な消費を喜ぶのは、大多数の貧困に直面しているときである。しかし、全体主義的な市場社会が支配する地域では、どこにでも貧困が存在します。欠乏は、偽りの豊かさのコインの裏側です。そして、進歩の基準として不平等を設定するシステムでは、たとえ農薬の生産が世界人口全体を養うのに十分だったとしても、飢餓は決して消えることはありません。 偽りの食糧豊かさのもう一つの結果は、濃縮工場の一般化と、奴隷の餌となる種の大規模かつ野蛮な絶滅です。これが支配的な生産様式の本質です。生命と人類は、少数の利益への欲求に抵抗することはできません。地球資源の略奪 エネルギーや商品の豊富な生産、廃棄物やその他の目立つ消費による廃棄物は、私たちの地球とそこに生息する種の生存の可能性を深刻に危険にさらしています。しかし、乱暴な資本主義に自由を与えるためには、成長を決して止めてはなりません。私たちは再び生産し、生産し、再生産しなければなりません。そして、彼らは今日、地球の潜在的な救世主であると主張しているのと同じ汚染者です。 多国籍企業から援助を受けているショービジネスの愚か者たちは、私たちの生活習慣を変えるだけで地球を災害から救うのに十分だと私たちに信じ込ませようとしています。そして、それらは私たちに罪悪感を感じさせる一方で、私たちの環境と心を絶えず汚染し続けています。これらの貧弱な疑似生態学的な論文は、広告スローガンもなしに、すべてのひねくれた政治家によって合唱的に取り上げられる。しかし同氏は、生産システムの根本的な変更を提案しないよう注意している。 いつものように、すべてが以前と同じになるように、いくつかの詳細を変更する必要があります。 しかし、消費の熱狂に陥るにはお金が必要です。そしてお金を持つためには働かなければなりません、つまり自分を売らなければなりません。支配的なシステムは仕事を主な価値としました。奴隷は、悲惨な生活を借金で支払うために、さらに働かなければなりません。彼らは仕事で疲れ果て、生命力のほとんどを失い、最悪の屈辱を味わいます。 彼らは少数の人々の利益のために、疲れる退屈な活動に一生を費やします。現代の失業という発明は、彼らを怖がらせ、政府の寛大な対応に絶えず感謝させるためにある。仕事という苦痛なしに彼に何ができるでしょうか？そして、解放として提示されるのは、これらの疎外的な活動です。何という衰退と何という惨めさ！ 常にストップウォッチやムチで押されている奴隷の動作は、生産性を高めるために計算されています。仕事の科学的組織化は、労働者の労働の成果だけでなく、商品やサービスの自動生産に費やす時間の両方を剥奪することのまさに本質を構成する。労働者の役割は、工場の機械の役割やオフィスのコンピュータの役割と混同されています。 失われた時間は決して戻ってきません。したがって、各労働者は、知的であろうと肉体的であろうと、反復的なタスクに割り当てられます。彼は、その生産分野の専門家であり、この専門分野は国際分業の枠組みの中で世界規模で見られます。私たちは西洋でデザインし、アジアで生産し、アフリカで生産します。 現代の奴隷は、職場での奉仕に満足していたかもしれない。しかし、生産システムが生活のあらゆる分野に植民地化されるにつれ、支配された人々は余暇、娯楽、組織的な休暇に費やす時間を失います。彼の日常生活のどんな瞬間もシステムの影響を逃れることはできません。彼の人生のあらゆる瞬間が侵略されました。彼はフルタイムの奴隷です。 環境の全般的な悪化、呼吸する空気や摂取する食物の悪化、労働条件や社会生活全体のストレスが、現代の奴隷の新たな病気の根源となっている。彼は卑屈な状態から病気になっており、どんな薬もこの病気を治すことはできません。 閉じ込められている状態から最も完全に解放されることによってのみ、現代の奴隷は苦しみから解放されることができるのです。西洋医学は、現代の奴隷が苦しんでいる病気に対する唯一の治療法を知っています。切断。 市販薬の患者は、手術、抗生物質、または化学療法で治療されます。私たちは原因を探ることなく、悪の結果を攻撃します。これは説明されているので理解できます。この研究は必然的に、社会組織全体に対する明白な非難へと私たちを導くことになるでしょう。 私たちの世界のあらゆる細部が単純な商品に変わったのと同じように、現在のシステムは私たちの身体を商品、商業医学と分子生物学の見習い魔術師に提供される研究と経験の対象にしました。そして、世界の達人たちはすでに人生の特許を取得する準備ができています。ヒトゲノムの完全な DNA 配列決定は、権力者によって導入された新しい戦略の出発点です。 遺伝子解読の目的は、支配と制御の形態を大幅に拡大すること以外にありません。私たちの体も、他の多くのことを経て、私たちから逃れてきました。 人生の最高のものは彼から逃げてしまいますが、彼はいつも従うことに慣れていたので、続けます。従順が彼の第二の性質となった。彼は理由も知らずに従うのですが、ただ従わなければならないと知っているからです。従う、生産する、消費する、これが彼の人生を支配する三部作です。彼は両親、教師、上司、所有者、商人に従います。彼は法律と秩序の力に従います。 彼は他のことをする方法を知らないので、すべての権限に従います。彼は不従順が何よりも怖いのです。なぜなら、不服従はリスクであり、冒険であり、変化だからです。しかし、子供が両親を見失ってパニックになるのと同じように、現代の奴隷は自分が作り出した力を失ってしまいました。それで彼らは従い続けます。私たちを奴隷にし、この状態に留めているのは恐怖です。 私たちは世界の支配者とその警察の前に頭を下げます。私たちは恐怖からこの屈辱と悲惨な人生を受け入れます。しかし、この少数派を支配する者に対して、私たちは数の上では強さを持っています。 彼らは警察からではなく、私たちの同意から力を得ています。私たちは、道徳化するヒューマニズムに満ちた言説によって、私たちを抑圧する勢力に対する正当な対決に直面して、自分たちの卑怯さを正当化します。革命的暴力の拒否は、このシステム自体が私たちに教えてくれた価値観の名の下に、このシステムに反対する人々の心の中に定着しています。 しかし、権力は覇​​権を維持するためなら暴力の行使も辞さない。しかし、依然として良心の支配から逃れる人々がいます。しかし彼らは監視下にある。あらゆる形態の反乱や抵抗は、実際には逸脱活動やテロ活動と同化されます。自由は商業上の義務を守る者にのみ存在します。支配的な体制に対する本当の反対は、今や完全に秘密裏に行われている。 反対派にとっては弾圧が常法となっている。 そして、この弾圧に直面して大多数の奴隷が沈黙することは、現実社会に存在する紛争を否定したいというメディアと政治的願望の中で正当化されています。歴史上のすべての抑圧された存在と同様に、現代の奴隷は、彼を苦しめる悪と彼を圧倒する苦しみを麻酔するために、彼の神秘性と神を必要としています。 しかし、彼が魂を託したこの新たな神は、ただの紙切れにほかならない。誰もがそれに意味を与えると決めたからこそ意味を持つ数字。この新しい神のために、彼は学び、働き、戦い、そして自分自身を売るのです。この新しい神のためなら、彼はすべての価値を放棄し、何でもする準備ができています。 彼は、たくさんのお金を持てば、自分が囚われている束縛から解放されると信じています。あたかも所有が自由と密接に関係しているかのように。 解放は自己マスタリーからもたらされる基盤です。それは行動における願望であり、意志です。それは存在することにあるのであって、持つことにあるのではありません。しかし、私たちは依然として奉仕をしない、従わないという決意を持たなければなりません。誰も疑問に思わないような習慣を断ち切ることができなければなりません。しかし、現代の奴隷は、現在の世界の組織に代わるものはないと確信しています。 彼は、他の人生はあり得ないと考えているため、この人生に身を任せています。そしてここに現在の支配力の強さがある。地球の表面全体を植民地化したこのシステムが歴史の終わりであるという幻想を維持してください。彼は支配階級に、そのイデオロギーに適応することは、世界のありのまま、そしてこれまでもそうだったように適応することと同じだと信じ込ませた。 別の世界を夢見ることは、あらゆるメディアとあらゆる権力によって一斉に非難される犯罪となっている。犯罪者は、実際には、意識的か否かにかかわらず、支配的な社会組織の狂気に貢献している人物です。 現在のシステムほど狂気の沙汰はない。現実世界の荒廃に直面して、システムは奴隷の意識全体を植民地化する必要があります。このようにして、支配的なシステムでは、抑圧の力が徐々に抑止力に取って代わられ、幼少期から奴隷を訓練するという仕事が達成されます。彼らは自分たちの奴隷状態、刑務所、悲惨な生活を忘れなければなりません。 この催眠術にかかった群衆が、日常生活に付随するすべてのスクリーンの前でつながっているのを見てください。彼らは、お金、栄光、冒険でできた夢のような人生の操作された反映の中で、永続的な不満を誤魔化しています。しかし、彼らの夢は、悲惨な人生と同じくらい悲惨なものです。誰にとっても、どこにでも、イメージがあります。それらは現代社会のイデオロギー的メッセージを内包しており、統一とプロパガンダの手段として機能します。 人間が自分の世界と人生を剥奪されるにつれて、それらは成長します。 これらの画像の主なターゲットは子供です。なぜなら、この作品はゆりかごの中で自由を抑圧するものだからです。私たちは彼らを愚かにし、彼らからあらゆる形の反省と批判を取り除かなければなりません。もちろん、これはすべて、現代のコミュニケーション手段の累積的な影響を前にして、両親の当惑させるような共謀によって行われています。彼らは自分たちの子孫を奴隷にするために必要な物品をすべて自分たちで購入します。 彼らは子供たちの教育を剥奪し、それを愚かさと凡庸のシステムに丸投げします。あらゆる年齢層、あらゆる社会階級向けの画像があります。そして現代の奴隷はこれらのイメージを文化と混同し、時には芸術とさえ混同します。私たちは商品の在庫を売り飛ばすという最も卑劣な本能に訴えます。 そして、その高い代償を払うのは、今日の社会で二重に奴隷化されている女性である。それは単なる消費の対象に成り下がってしまいます。 反乱そのものが、その破壊的な可能性をより効果的に破壊するために売られるイメージになってしまった。現在でも、画像は最もシンプルかつ効果的なコミュニケーションの形式です。私たちはモデルを構築し、大衆を愚かにし、嘘をつき、不満を生み出します。私たちが市場のイデオロギーを画像を通じて広めるのは、それが常に同じ目的だからです。 ライフスタイルや商品、行動や商品を売ることは関係ありませんが、売らなければなりません。これらの貧しい人々は楽しんでいますが、この娯楽は彼らを圧倒する本当の悪から目をそらすためにのみ存在します。彼らは自分たちの人生に何が起こっても許して、それを誇りに思っているふりをします。彼らは満足していることを示そうとしますが、誰も騙されません。 鏡の氷の反射に直面すると、彼らはもはや自分自身を欺くことさえできません。こうして彼らは、笑わせたり、歌わせたり、夢を見させたり、泣かせたりするはずの愚か者の前で時間を無駄にしているのである。 私たちは、メディアスポーツを通じて、現代の奴隷が日常生活で経験することをやめた強さと勝利を、スポーツスポーツの成功と失敗のまねをして、彼らの不満が彼らにテレビの前で代理的に生きるよう促す一方、古代ローマの皇帝は民衆の服従を買ったのに対し、パンとサーカスのゲームで、今日私たちは娯楽と空虚の消費で奴隷の沈黙を買っています。 良心の支配は、基本的に、経済的、社会的に支配的な階級による、腐敗した言語の使用を通じて起こります。あらゆるコミュニケーション手段の所有者である権力は、言葉に与える固定的、部分的、偏った定義を通じて市場イデオロギーを広めます。言葉は中立的なものとして提示され、その定義は自明のものとして提示されます。しかし、権力の制御下では、言語は常に現実生活以外のものを指定します。 それは何よりも、諦観と無力感の言語であり、物事をありのままに、そしてそのままにしておかなければならないことを受動的に受け入れる言語である。言葉は生命の支配的な組織を代表して機能し、権力の言葉を使用するという事実そのものが私たちを無力に宣告します。言語の問題は人類解放のための戦いの中心です。それは他のものに重ねられる支配の形ではありません。 それは全体主義的市場システムの奴隷化プロジェクトのまさに核心である。根本的な変化の可能性が再び現れるのは、言語の再利用、ひいては人々の間の実際のコミュニケーションを通じてです。ここで、革命的なプロジェクトが詩的なプロジェクトに加わります。大衆の発酵では、言論は大きなグループによって取り上げられ、再発明されます。創造的な自発性がすべての人を捉え、私たち全員を団結させます。 しかし、現代の奴隷は依然として自分たちを国民であると考えています。彼らは自分たちが投票し、誰が自分たちの業務を遂行すべきかを自由に決定できると信じている。まるで彼らにはまだ選択肢があるかのように。彼らは幻想を保持しているだけでした。私たちが生きたい社会の選択には根本的な違いがあると今でも信じていますか?左派と右派の間、米国では民主党と共和党の間、英国では労働党と保守党の間。 現在の商業社会の保全という本質的な点では主要政党が一致しているため、反対者はいない。市場の定説に異議を唱える政党が政権を握る可能性は低い。そして、メディアが共謀してその外観を独占しているのはこれらの当事者です。すべてが所定の位置に留まっている限り、彼らは詳細について口論します。 彼らは、市場議会主義によって与えられた席を誰が占めるかについて議論している。こうした下劣な口論は、私たちが生きたい社会の選択に関する本当の議論を曖昧にする目的で、あらゆるメディアによって中継されている。 見た目と無駄がアイデアの衝突の深さを支配します。これらすべては民主主義とはまったく似ていません。本当の民主主義は、何よりもまず、市政運営への市民の大規模な参加によって定義されます。それは直接的かつ参加型です。 それは、民衆の集会と共通の生活の組織化に関する永続的な対話の中に最も真に表現されています。民主主義の名を奪う代表と議会の形態は、国民の権力を単純な投票権に制限します。 ライトグレーとダークグレーの選択が現実の選択ではないのは事実であり、議会の議席は右派であれ、いわゆる社会民主主義者であれ、経済的に支配的な階級によってその大部分を占められているので、それは何も言うことはない。左翼権力は征服されるべきものではなく、破壊されるべきものであり、それが国王、独裁者、または選出された大統領によって行使されるかどうかにかかわらず、本質的に専制的である。 議会制民主主義の場合の唯一の違いは、奴隷は自分たちが仕える主人を自分で選ぶという幻想を抱いていることだ。この投票により、彼らは彼らを抑圧する圧政の共犯者となった。主人がいるから奴隷なのではなく、奴隷であり続けることを選択したから主人がいるのです。 したがって、支配的なシステムは、その市場イデオロギーの遍在によって定義されます。それはあらゆる空間と生活のあらゆる分野を占めています。生産し、販売し、消費し、蓄積するだけです。それはすべての人間関係を市場関係に還元しました。そして私たちの地球を単なる商品として考えています。それが私たちに課す義務は奴隷労働です。認められる唯一の権利は私有財産に対する権利です。 彼女が示す唯一の神はお金です。見た目の独占は完全です。支配的なイデオロギーに有利な男性と演説だけが登場します。この世界に対する批判は、何が良くて何が悪いのか、何が見えるのか何が見えないのかを決定するメディアの洪水の中に埋もれてしまいます。イデオロギーの遍在、拝金主義、外見の独占、議会の多元主義に隠れた単一政党、目に見える野党の不在、あらゆる形態の抑圧、人類と世界を変革したいという願望。 これは現代の全体主義の本当の顔であり、私たちは自由民主主義と呼んでいますが、今ではその本当の名前である全体主義的市場システムと呼ばれなければなりません。人間、社会、そして地球全体がこのイデオロギーに奉仕しています。したがって、全体主義的市場システムは、それまでの全体主義主義がなし得なかったことを達成しました。彼のイメージで世界を統一しましょう。今日、亡命はもはや不可能です。 さあ行こう ！さあ行こう ！

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

Just started looking into powdered mushrooms and was wondering if stackers have used or use any for supplementation. I have previously tried Lion's mane and chaga, and since haven't but am interested in playing around with them again. Cordyceps does sound interesting, if anyone has any experience taking them. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/613694

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

これは、フィナンシャル・タイムズ紙のトランプに対するやや非難的な記事です（出典はこちら：https://www.ft.com/content/11bc931f-5c5e-4e3c-9ceb-9bdca25430ad）。タイトルは「ドナルド・トランプ、FRB大統領に警告」選挙前に利下げをしないことだ」と述べたが、これは完全に正確ではないし、この問題に関してトランプ前大統領が言ったことや発言したことでもない。 共和党候補者はブルームバーグ・ニュースとのインタビューで、中央銀行（FED）は11月5日の選挙前に利下げする「かもしれない」としながらも、「それはすべきではないことは彼らも分かっていることだ」と付け加えた。 もしトランプがこれを言ったら、それは確かに経済的アプローチによるものではなく、政治的アプローチによるものである。大統領選挙の数週間前に金利を引き下げれば、アメリカ国民の購買力と財務状況がわずかに増加する可能性が高く、これはジョー・バイデンのおかげである可能性があり、トランプ大統領の当選には影響しないでしょう。これらの選挙期間中、FEDは選挙結果に干渉しないようにほとんど何もしない、あるいはまったく何も言わないのが通例であることに留意すべきである。これが使い方です。しかし、トランプに対抗し、「民主主義」と「善の陣営」を救うためには、あらゆることが可能である。特に、その関連性について議論できる伝統的な用途を適用しないことは、選挙のわずか4か月前ではないが。 残りについては、トランプはこれからもずっとやり続けるだろう…トランプ！ トランプ大統領はまた、2026年の任期満了前にパウエル氏をFRB議長の職から引きずり降ろそうとするのを皮切りに、FRBを政治化する可能性があるとの金融市場での懸念の高まりにも反応した。 「私は彼に自分の仕事をさせたい」と元大統領は語った。 「特に彼が正しいことをしていると思った場合にはね。 » トランプ大統領は確かにパウエル議長の行動にあまり満足していない。なぜならパウエル議長は2017年にFRB議長に任命されたものの、トランプ大統領は在任中、貿易戦争のさなか金利を引き下げなかったとしてFRB議長を繰り返し攻撃していたからだ。同氏はかつて、FRB議長は中国の習近平国家主席よりも米国の最大の敵ではないかと質問したこともある。 金利は 5.25 ～ 5.5% の間…どちらが下がるはずですが、いつ? 「FRBはしばらくの間、昨年7月以来維持しており、23年ぶりの高水準である5.25～5.5％の主要政策金利を引き下げる時期について議論してきた。物価圧力の緩和と労働市場の弱体化を受けて、当局者らは借入コストの削減が間もなく正当化されるだろうとの見方を示した。 FEDは11月末と選挙後から金利を大幅に引き下げることができるだろう。これはまた、米国の納税者と国民にとって債務の利子が年間1兆ドル以上かかっていることから、米国の財政にも余裕を与えることになるだろう。人口全体が企業の負債と投資能力を取り戻す。 米国については、まだ大幅な利下げサイクルに入っておらず、現在から11月までの間にインフレの新たなピークが到来し、利下げが後回しにされる恐れがある。 避けられない金融チェーンソーによる虐殺から身を守りたい人は、今こそ行動を起こす時です。 すでに手遅れですが、すべてが失われたわけではありません。 準備をしてください！

@ 1c6b3be3:73f0ae6f

### 🍵 "btc | bitcoin | lightning network | asic" - Google News [How bitcoin's security makes it the ultimate digital asset - TheStreet](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiZWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRoZXN0cmVldC5jb20vY3J5cHRvL2lubm92YXRpb24vaG93LWJpdGNvaW5zLXNlY3VyaXR5LW1ha2VzLWl0LXRoZS11bHRpbWF0ZS1kaWdpdGFsLWFzc2V00gEA?oc=5) [TON Foundation to Launch Bitcoin Bridge on The Open Network - Bitcoin.com News](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiVWh0dHBzOi8vbmV3cy5iaXRjb2luLmNvbS90b24tZm91bmRhdGlvbi10by1sYXVuY2gtYml0Y29pbi1icmlkZ2Utb24tdGhlLW9wZW4tbmV0d29yay_SAQA?oc=5) [Elizabeth Stark: Pioneering Bitcoin Scalability with Lightning Network - Crypto News Flash](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiaGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNyeXB0by1uZXdzLWZsYXNoLmNvbS9lbGl6YWJldGgtc3RhcmstcGlvbmVlcmluZy1iaXRjb2luLXNjYWxhYmlsaXR5LXdpdGgtbGlnaHRuaW5nLW5ldHdvcmsv0gHfAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNyeXB0by1uZXdzLWZsYXNoLmNvbS9lbGl6YWJldGgtc3RhcmstcGlvbmVlcmluZy1iaXRjb2luLXNjYWxhYmlsaXR5LXdpdGgtbGlnaHRuaW5nLW5ldHdvcmsvP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9cnNzJnV0bV9tZWRpdW09cnNzJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1lbGl6YWJldGgtc3RhcmstcGlvbmVlcmluZy1iaXRjb2luLXNjYWxhYmlsaXR5LXdpdGgtbGlnaHRuaW5nLW5ldHdvcmsmYW1wPTE?oc=5) [Runes: The Next Big Step in Bitcoin's Evolution? - hackernoon.com](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiRGh0dHBzOi8vaGFja2Vybm9vbi5jb20vcnVuZXMtdGhlLW5leHQtYmlnLXN0ZXAtaW4tYml0Y29pbnMtZXZvbHV0aW9u0gEA?oc=5) [Bitcoin hashrate drawdown hits bear market levels, but miners aren’t selling - Cointelegraph](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiQmh0dHBzOi8vY29pbnRlbGVncmFwaC5jb20vbmV3cy9iaXRjb2luLWhhc2hyYXRlLWJlYXItbWFya2V0LW1pbmVyc9IBAA?oc=5) [Bitcoin Mining Is So Back (Except It's AI Now) - CoinDesk](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiWGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNvaW5kZXNrLmNvbS9vcGluaW9uLzIwMjQvMDcvMTgvYml0Y29pbi1taW5pbmctaXMtc28tYmFjay1leGNlcHQtaXRzLWFpLW5vdy_SAVxodHRwczovL3d3dy5jb2luZGVzay5jb20vb3Bpbmlvbi8yMDI0LzA3LzE4L2JpdGNvaW4tbWluaW5nLWlzLXNvLWJhY2stZXhjZXB0LWl0cy1haS1ub3cvYW1wLw?oc=5) [BitGo Launches Support for Bitcoin L2 Stacks and sBTC - CryptoPotato](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiT2h0dHBzOi8vY3J5cHRvcG90YXRvLmNvbS9iaXRnby1sYXVuY2hlcy1zdXBwb3J0LWZvci1iaXRjb2luLWwyLXN0YWNrcy1hbmQtc2J0Yy_SAVNodHRwczovL2NyeXB0b3BvdGF0by5jb20vYml0Z28tbGF1bmNoZXMtc3VwcG9ydC1mb3ItYml0Y29pbi1sMi1zdGFja3MtYW5kLXNidGMvP2FtcA?oc=5) [Liquid Federation Adds Nine New Members as Bitcoin on Liquid Reaches Record - BTC Times](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiYWh0dHBzOi8vYnRjdGltZXMuY29tL2xpcXVpZC1mZWRlcmF0aW9uLWFkZHMtbmluZS1uZXctbWVtYmVycy1hcy1iaXRjb2luLW9uLWxpcXVpZC1yZWFjaGVzLXJlY29yZC_SAQA?oc=5) [ZEUS surges 19% as Zeus Network reveals major upgrades - crypto.news](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiSmh0dHBzOi8vY3J5cHRvLm5ld3MvemV1cy1zdXJnZXMtMTktYXMtemV1cy1uZXR3b3JrLXJldmVhbHMtbWFqb3ItdXBncmFkZXMv0gEA?oc=5) [Bitcoin Runes protocol sees sharp decline in popularity - Cointelegraph](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiP2h0dHBzOi8vY29pbnRlbGVncmFwaC5jb20vbmV3cy9iaXRjb2luLXJ1bmVzLXRyYW5zYWN0aW9uLXRyZW5kc9IBAA?oc=5)

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

**Table Of Content** - Bitcoin Mining and Energy Consumption - Environmental Impact of Bitcoin Mining - Efforts to Reduce Bitcoin's Environmental Impact - Is Bitcoin Worth the Environmental Cost? - Conclusion - FAQ Bitcoin has gained immense popularity in recent years as a decentralized digital currency. However, with its rise in popularity, concerns about its environmental impact have also increased. The process of mining Bitcoin, which involves solving complex mathematical problems to validate transactions and create new Bitcoins, requires an enormous amount of energy consumption. **Bitcoin Mining and Energy Consumption** Bitcoin mining is the process of adding new transactions to the blockchain by solving complex mathematical equations. This process requires a massive amount of computational power, which is achieved by using specialized hardware and consuming a significant amount of energy. The energy consumption of Bitcoin mining has become a significant concern as the popularity of the cryptocurrency has grown. **Environmental Impact of Bitcoin Mining** Bitcoin mining has come under criticism for its significant environmental impact. The following are the environmental impacts of bitcoin mining: **Energy Consumption** Bitcoin mining requires an enormous amount of energy, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, Bitcoin mining consumes more energy than entire countries like Argentina and Norway. **Carbon Footprint** The carbon footprint of Bitcoin mining is enormous. It is estimated that the annual carbon emissions from Bitcoin mining are equivalent to those of a small country. The carbon footprint is mainly due to the high energy consumption and the use of fossil fuels to generate electricity. **E-waste** Bitcoin mining requires specialized hardware, which has a limited lifespan. The mining hardware becomes obsolete quickly, leading to electronic waste (e-waste) and pollution. **Land Use** Bitcoin mining requires large amounts of land for the installation of mining hardware and the cooling infrastructure. The land use is a concern, especially in regions where land is scarce. **Water Use** Bitcoin mining requires water for cooling purposes. The high water consumption can strain local water supplies, especially in areas where water scarcity is an issue. **Efforts to Reduce Bitcoin's Environmental Impact** Efforts to reduce Bitcoin's environmental impact have been ongoing in recent years. Some of the most notable efforts include the increased use of renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectric and geothermal power, for Bitcoin mining operations. Additionally, some mining companies have implemented more energy-efficient hardware and cooling systems to reduce energy consumption. Some initiatives also focus on developing alternative consensus mechanisms to the energy-intensive Proof-of-Work algorithm currently used in Bitcoin mining. While these efforts are promising, it remains to be seen if they will be enough to significantly reduce Bitcoin's environmental impact in the long term. **Is Bitcoin Worth the Environmental Cost?** As with any technology, there are both benefits and costs associated with Bitcoin. While the cryptocurrency has the potential to revolutionize the way we make online transactions, it also has a significant environmental cost. So, is Bitcoin worth the environmental cost? One argument in favor of Bitcoin is that it has the potential to reduce our reliance on traditional banking systems, which can have their own environmental impact. In addition, some argue that the environmental impact of Bitcoin mining is overstated, and that renewable energy sources could be used to power mining operations. **Conclusion** Bitcoin's environmental impact is a complex issue that requires careful consideration. While Bitcoin has the potential to revolutionize the way we conduct transactions, it comes at a significant cost to the environment. The energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with Bitcoin mining are substantial and could have serious long-term consequences. **FAQ** **What is Bitcoin's environmental impact?** Bitcoin mining consumes a significant amount of energy, leading to a substantial carbon footprint and contributing to climate change. **How does Bitcoin mining contribute to carbon emissions?** Bitcoin mining requires powerful computer systems that consume a lot of electricity. The majority of the electricity comes from non-renewable sources such as coal, which emits large amounts of carbon dioxide when burned. **What efforts are being made to reduce Bitcoin's environmental impact?** Several initiatives are being undertaken to make Bitcoin mining more sustainable. These include transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving mining efficiency, and developing more eco-friendly mining hardware. **That's all for today** **If you want more, be sure to follow us on:** **NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com** **X: [@croxroadnews](https://twitter.com/croxroadnews)** **Instagram: [@croxroadnews.co](https://www.instagram.com/croxroadnews.co/)** **Youtube: [@croxroadnews](https://www.youtube.com/@croxroadnews)** **Store: https://croxroad.store** **Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter** **https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe** *DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.*

@ b7274d28:c99628cb

A prerequisite to understanding Bitcoin is having a fundamental understanding of money. Most people haven’t thought much about what money actually is, why we have it, or the properties that might make one form of money better than another. That being the case, it is difficult for most people to see why Bitcoin is a superior form of money to anything we have ever used before, and why it is and will continue to be superior to anything that has been invented since. Indeed, why it will very likely maintain superiority over anything that might be invented in the future. ## Life Without Money Perhaps the best way to begin to understand what money, and why society is much better off when it has some form of money, is to imagine what your life would be like without money at all. You have basic needs for food, shelter, water, and clothing, and you have essentially two options: 1. You can try to be entirely self-sufficient, providing for your own needs with your own two hands, or 2. You can become proficient enough at one particular skill that you can trade that skill with others who have different skills to get everything else you need. In the first scenario, the vast majority of your time will be spent simply acquiring and maintaining the things you need to survive, and you will have little time for other pursuits at all. A portion of each day will be dedicated to collecting water and making it drinkable, another portion will be dedicated to hunting and gathering, and another portion dedicated to replacing worn and damaged clothing, or maintaining whatever you built for your shelter. If you have a spouse, you can divide some of this labor between each other, so as to be more efficient. However, this still proves to be a full-time job just to make sure you maintain an absolute minimum standard of living. **100% self-sufficiency is nothing more or less than 100% poverty.** In the second scenario, things can be vastly improved. You can live in a small community with people that each specialize in skills that can benefit one another. You might become an exceptionally good hunter, while another becomes a proficient fisherman, and another a builder of sturdy and leak-proof homes, and so on. When you grow tired of always eating venison, and want some fish to add variety to your diet, you can go to the fisherman and offer to trade him some of your venison in exchange for some fish. And when you want to upgrade your home, you may go to the builder and offer to supply him with venison for a month in exchange for the work. Because each person is specializing in a particular pursuit, they have the time investment necessary to become vastly more efficient at that one skill than they otherwise could have ever been, so they can produce much more of it than they need, and trade the surplus with others in the community. ## Barter This is how a barter economy works, and it is a significant upgrade compared with trying to provide for all of your own needs with your own hands. However, it still has some serious limitations, particularly if you try to extend it beyond a very small and localized community. For instance, if you are a hunter and you want to trade your venison in exchange for a builder upgrading your home, but the builder has no need for venison, because his son is also a hunter, then you need to find a different builder who will take your venison as payment, or you need to find out what the builder ***will*** take for trade, let’s say apples, and then go find someone who will take your venison in exchange for the apples, so you can trade the apples to the builder to do the work on your home. This is a non-trivial amount of friction already, but that’s not where it ends. You see, the work you want done on your home is probably worth a great deal more than a bushel or two of apples, and since apples spoil quickly, you will have to make an agreement with the builder that you will get him apples every week for a period of a few months until the amount of apples he has received is deemed of equivalent value with the amount of work he performed. This means you will also need to keep trading your venison for apples just to give them to the builder, regardless of whether you want to eat the apples yourself. If, during that time, the apple grower also wants to have work done on his home, he will find that the builder is unwilling to trade his work for apples, because he is already receiving a steady supply of apples from you. Now the apple grower has two options: 1. Find something else that the builder is willing to take as payment, and hope they can find someone who wants to take their apples in exchange for it, or 2. Stop trading apples for venison with you, so that the builder will be willing to accept apples as payment again, leaving you high and dry with no means of repaying the builder what you owe. This problem with the barter system is called the non-coincidence of wants, and as difficult as it can be to deal with in a small community, it becomes even more difficult as communities expand in number. Moreover, **the need to find trading partners who have what you want and want what you have in exchange cuts into the amount of time you can dedicate to honing your skills and producing the goods you want to sell.** To answer this problem, communities began to use some form of money that made trade much more efficient. The exact form that money took varied widely in history, from salt, to seashells, to glass beads, to blocks of dried tea leaves, among many other types of goods. Indeed, the use of paper bills, though ubiquitous today, is a very recent development, and is already being phased out in favor of digital versions of fiat currency. **Over 90% of US Dollars do not exist as physical coins or bills at all, but only exist as numbers in digital bank ledgers.** Regardless of what form money took in history, though, having something to use as money made trade far less cumbersome than the barter system. As a hunter in a community that uses money, you can sell your venison to ***anyone*** who wants it in exchange for money, and then you can go purchase ***anything*** else you want or need using that money. You are no longer restricted to only trading with people who will accept your venison as payment, or else forced to find something else they will accept as payment, and trade your venison for that. Instead, you can trade with any other person in the community, even if they have no interest in your venison at all, because they are all willing to accept money as payment instead. This frees up more of your time for you to dedicate to becoming more proficient at your chosen skill. ## The Ideal Properties of Money How each various society in history eventually agreed on something to use as money can be easily understood when we consider the role that money would be used to fill. Some things make more ideal forms of money than others, and so a society tends to converge on whatever has the most ideal mixture of characteristics. Let’s look at what people would want money to do, and discern what monetary characteristics would be most ideal to accomplish that goal. The most basic thing people would want to use money for is to purchase goods and services from others, without having to figure out what their trading partner’s individual wants and needs are in advance. Already, this gives us some ideas of characteristics money ideally ought to have. ### Divisibility Since you are likely to want to purchase some goods that are of low value, and other goods that are of high value, whatever you use as money should be able to be divided into small enough units to facilitate the smallest feasible transactions, or combined into large enough sums to facilitate the largest feasible transactions. We call this characteristic “divisibility”. All else being equal, a good that is more divisible will be more ideally suited to being used as money than a less divisible good. ### Portability Since you may want to buy something from someone who is some distance away from where you live, such as across town, or in a neighboring village, whatever you use for money should be easy to carry with you in the quantities that you will commonly need for spending. We call this characteristic “portability”, and it is also an important security feature for money to possess, because it allows people to more easily hide it away from would-be thieves. All else being equal, a good that is more portable will be more ideally suited to being used as money. ### Verifiability Since you want to be confident that the person you are buying from will accept your money as payment, you will want to use something that they will immediately be able to recognize as genuine, or else be able to verify quickly via some sort of test. If you use a rare metal, then they can verify it by weight. If you use a paper bill, they can verify it using hard to replicate security features, like watermarks, micro printing, etc. If you want them to honor it as payment, they have to be certain it isn’t fake. There’s a reason we have the term “fool’s gold” to refer to iron pyrite, after all. Only a fool would not be able to tell the difference between it and genuine gold. We call this characteristic “verifiability”, and goods that are more verifiable will tend to be more ideally suited to being used as money. ### Fungibility Another thing that may stand in the way of having your money accepted as payment is if the person you are trying to pay can tell where you got the money from. For instance, if they are a vegetarian, and your money is stamped with a mark that says you received it from working at a butcher shop, they may not want to accept your money as payment due to their moral principles. For this reason, one unit of anything being used as money should be indistinguishable from another unit of the same value, so that whoever is receiving it as payment has no reason to reject it based on its history. We call this characteristic “fungibility”, and a good that is more fungible will tend to be more ideally suited to being used as money. Fungibility is also important for maintaining a standard valuation for each unit of the money. If every unit of a good is unique, then it is hard to know the value you have, and it’s also hard to know how to price what you want to sell. For instance, if you want to use small stones as your money, you can’t just say that you will work for 5 stones an hour, because one stone might be slightly larger than the others, another might be more round, and another might be a more rare and interesting shape or color. So, a money with units that are each identical will work much better than a money with widely varying units that are difficult to measure. ### Durability Since you may have a period of time between when you receive money as payment and when you want to spend it to purchase something else, and then the next person may have a period of time before they want to spend the same money, and on and on with each person who accepts it as payment thereafter, whatever you use as money should not be easily damaged or deteriorate over time. We call this characteristic “durability”, and once again, all else being equal, a good that is more durable will be more ideally suited to being used as money. Part of the reason you want money to be durable is so that it maintains its value over time, as well. You don’t want to use a form of money that will buy you less goods tomorrow than it will today, and significantly less goods in a month, due to the damage or deterioration of the money itself. This is why perishable goods like apples or beans never really caught on as money. Without specific actions to preserve them, they tend to rot away very quickly, and no one will value an apple that is even just beginning to rot anywhere near how they would value a fresh apple, so the lifespan of an apple being used as money would only work for one or two consecutive transactions, and only if those transactions happened in a short period of time, while a more durable good could be used for years and years while retaining its value. Money must retain value over time, not just so it can be used in multiple consecutive transactions, but because some things you want to purchase may take more time to save up for. Therefore, you will need to be able to set money aside with confidence that once you have saved the amount you need, the price will not have gone up significantly, requiring you to save up even longer. When you originally look at the price of an item, you instinctively consider how much of your labor and time it will take to pay for it based on the posted price. If the price goes up over time, due to the money you are using dropping in value, it means that the cost over time to save up for that item is much higher than at first appears, skewing your perspective on whether it is worth saving up for. ### Scarcity There are other characteristics besides durability that can have an effect on a good’s value over time, which will therefore also come into play for deciding whether it would make a good form of money. This ability to retain value over time is sometimes referred to as “hardness” or “salability across time”, and durability is only a portion of what contributes to a good’s hardness. If a good that is being used as money is not sufficiently hard, then people will be less and less willing to accept it as payment over time, since its value is always decreasing in relation to other goods, or else, they will require larger and larger quantities of it as payment for the same goods. A major contributing factor to a good’s hardness is how much work is required to manufacture or otherwise acquire the good, outside of receiving it as a form of payment. If a form of money is too easy to acquire in quantity, then people will cease to do other forms of productive work to sell for that money, and instead will simply work to acquire the money directly, whether by mining it, gathering it, growing it, or manufacturing it, which will result in an ever increasing supply of the money, and a decreasing supply of all other goods. This will make the value of the money go down significantly over time, reflected in the price of all other goods going up. So, all other things being equal, the harder it is to acquire a good directly, the more likely that it will retain its value over time, and the more ideally suited it is to being used as money. We call this characteristic “scarcity”, and when various forms of money have failed throughout history, it has generally been due to them losing this characteristic. ## How a Money Dies Glass beads were once used as money in Africa, because they were difficult to make with the technology available, so they tended to retain their value over time. They could be used for purchasing very inexpensive items for just a few beads, or very expensive items for bags full of beads, so they were very divisible. Small glass beads were relatively durable, so they didn’t rot or break often, unlike larger items made out of glass, and they were also easily portable for most daily spending. They weren’t the most fungible goods, though, since each bead was unique and therefore some beads were valued higher than others, and some people preferred different shapes or colors of beads, while other people preferred completely different beads. However, it was not due to this lack of fungibility that glass beads ceased to be used as currency. It was because Europeans with superior technology, which allowed them to very cheaply manufacture large amounts of glass beads, came along and inflated the supply of the money. The same is true for many other forms of money that could not maintain their value over time due to large increases to the money supply. At first, everyone thinks they are getting rich, because their sales are going through the roof, and they have more money than they have ever seen before, but after a time, they realize that everything they want to buy with that money has started to cost more, as well. This is called inflation. These days people will refer to any rise in prices as inflation, but traditionally it only refers to a *general rise* in prices due to increased supply of money in the economy. Other reasons why prices might rise are usually temporary, and due to a shortage of supply, or an increase in demand, for that specific good. For instance, if a natural disaster hits a region particularly hard, then food and bottled water will become very expensive there, because much of the existing supply was likely damaged, and it may be a while before new supply can be brought in to replace it. At the same time, people who normally are able to drink water from their faucet may not have working plumbing, and they may not have food stored up for emergencies, creating a higher level of demand than usual. However, these spikes in price will not last forever. Prices will drop again when things go back to normal and supply lines are restored. This is not the case when the supply of money is increased. Unless there is a mechanism to reduce the amount of money in the economy, or else permanently increase the amount of other goods, the price increases will be permanent. Increasing the amount of goods through increased productivity is possible, but it usually doesn’t affect all goods in the economy, because increased productivity for one good rarely translates to a similar increase of productivity for all goods. For instance, finding a way to grow more wheat doesn’t usually coincide with finding a way to build more homes. In fact, they might be inversely correlated, since growing more wheat likely requires more land, resulting in less space to build homes. So, wheat may get less expensive at the same time that homes become more expensive, and behind it all, the general prices of most other goods can still tend to become more expensive over time if the money supply is always growing. Societies throughout history have tended to converge on a single form of money that has the best combination of these characteristics: divisibility, durability, portability, verifiability, fungibility, and scarcity. Some forms of money might have been less than ideal in one or two characteristics, but they possessed all the others. For instance, on the island of Yap, they used large limestones as money that were difficult to move, so they just kept track of the ownership without moving them, and it worked despite the lack of portability, because they were on a small island in a close-knit community. These limestones would have ceased to be useful as money if the number of people they needed to trade with, or the distance traveled for trade, expanded. Portability becomes a far more important characteristic under those circumstances. The people of Yap no longer use those limestones as money, but not because they weren’t portable. Just like the glass beads in Africa, Europeans with superior technology came along and added many new limestones into the economy, driving down the value of each stone and obliterating the wealth of the community. ## Monetary Metals, and Their Fall Historically, one form of money has outlasted others as a dominant currency for centuries, because its supply is not easy to inflate. I am speaking of precious metals, especially when minted into coins. Gold, silver, and other metals can be mined, but the process is hard work, which means that most people decide to focus on other productive work instead. Advances in technology have increased our efficiency at finding and extracting these metals, but not to the point that the new supply added to the economy each year is a significant portion of the total existing supply. This means that productivity for other goods generally outpaces the increased productivity in mining precious metals, thus they tend to retain their purchasing power or relative value over time, or even appreciate in value. Yet, despite their nearly ideal characteristics to be used as money, precious metals still had some downsides. First, they aren’t always the most verifiable form of money. When they were minted into coins, other metals would often be added in small quantities so that it was hard to tell that it wasn’t pure gold or silver. Next, gold tended to be used for larger value transactions, since it wasn’t terribly divisible, while silver and other metals were used for more day-to-day transactions, but it proved difficult to maintain a predictable exchange rate between metals, because they didn’t have the same inflation rate. If only 3% more gold was added into the money supply each year, but 6% more silver was added, then silver would devalue compared to gold, and it would take more silver coins to be of equal value with one gold coin. This hurt the fungibility of the coins, and made it hard to know how to price goods. However, the lacking characteristic that proved to be the downfall of precious metals being used as money directly was their lack of portability. As advances in technology resulted in people regularly traveling greater and greater distances, it became cumbersome to carry around metal coins. To resolve this problem, banks offered to hold precious metals on deposit, and issued receipts stating a value of gold or silver, transferable to anyone, and redeemable on demand. These receipts were the rudimentary beginnings of what would become the gold standard, where banks issued paper currency denominated in US Dollars or other currencies, with set exchange rates for turning them back in at the bank to redeem them for gold. This allowed people to forgo carrying around heavy coins, and increased the divisibility of the money at the same time. However, it introduced a new layer of trust, because depositors had to trust that the gold was actually on deposit to back up the paper money that represented it. As long as depositors were able to go into the bank and redeem the bank notes for gold whenever they wanted, there wasn’t an issue, and soon people were so used to the idea that they didn’t bother trying to redeem the bank notes unless they had a very specific need to do so. This left a major loophole for banks to capitalize on. They knew that very little gold needed to be kept on hand compared to the number of bank notes they had issued, because so few people would ever want to exchange their bank notes back into gold. This meant that they could rehypothecate the gold they were holding by loaning out additional dollars over and above the value of the gold they had, trusting that they would not have too many people coming to redeem those dollars for the underlying gold at one time. One of the largest borrowers of these dollars was the civil government, particularly during times of war. This led to the supply of dollars far exceeding the supply of gold that supposedly was backing it, and resulted in multiple occasions when convertibility of bank notes back into gold was suspended. Famously, FDR issued executive order 6102, prohibiting the private ownership of most gold, and requiring banks to transfer all gold deposited with them to the Federal Reserve Bank. Eventually private ownership of gold was restored, but the ability to convert US Dollars into gold was never restored for private citizens. Some semblance of a gold standard was maintained under the Breton Woods Agreement, with member nations able to exchange their US Dollar reserves for gold, but the exchange rate was set at $35 an oz, rather than the historical exchange rate since 1834 of $20.67 an oz. In 1971, even this semblance of a gold standard was abandoned, though Nixon said it was "temporary" at the time, resulting in the monetary system we have today, which uses cash and digital dollars, without any backing except the demand of other nations—who currently need dollars to purchase oil—and the military might of the US government. Since 1971, the supply of US dollars that can actually be estimated with any confidence has gone from about $600 billion to about $22 trillion at the time of writing, which is an increase of nearly 3,700%, with about 1/5 of that occurring just in the last two years alone. As a result, the purchasing power of the US Dollar has also dropped about 86% in the same period of time. This means the US Dollar severely lacks the characteristic of hardness, or salability across time. Yet, it remains the dominant currency in the world simply because the vast majority of other fiat currencies are even worse off. ## The Need for a New Hard Money So, why hasn’t our society reverted back to using a harder money like gold and silver coins? The answer is simple: We want to continue to be able to engage in trade at vast distances nearly instantaneously. Since the development of the internet, we have been able to purchase all sorts of things from people and businesses all around the globe. Can you imagine using gold and silver coins as money again in this type of an economy? We would have to be willing to send them in the mail, and wait long periods of time to receive the goods, hoping that no one stole the money in transit. Even though US Dollars are terrible for saving for the future, they are vastly superior to any other commonly accepted form of money for transacting at a distance, particularly in their digital form, facilitated via credit and debit cards and other digital money transfer methods. It leaves us with a bit of a conundrum. If we want to have a hard money, we must sacrifice our ability to transact at a distance, and if we want to continue to buy things from outside of our local communities, we must sacrifice the ability to save our money for the future. We have generally opted for the latter route, and have looked to other means for saving, usually by turning to speculative risk in stocks and other investments. Many people have reverted to gold for saving, though they still use the dollar for day to day commerce. Others use mutual funds, bonds, and other investment vehicles. However, when we do so, these things begin to take on what is called a “monetary premium”, which is simply a way of differentiating the level of demand that a good would have for its inherent usefulness, compared to the additional demand added by people choosing to use it as a savings vehicle. For instance, gold has a certain amount of usefulness for creating jewelry and electronic components. If that’s all that people ever did with it, its price would likely be far less than it is now. However, people also choose to store their wealth by purchasing and holding it for years, taking it out of the available supply for other uses. The more people who do so, the more its price will increase. The price increase that can be attributed to people using gold as a savings vehicle is the monetary premium. Goods can only maintain a monetary premium if their supply is hard to increase. Otherwise, when a good begins to show a monetary premium due to its price rising, it will encourage people to bring more of it to market, until the supply can meet the demand, and the price goes back down to near the cost of production, eliminating the monetary premium, and discouraging people from using it as a savings vehicle. So, again, scarcity becomes an important factor in any good developing and maintaining a monetary premium, even if that good is never used as money for day to day commerce. ### Describing the Ideal Money It would be far more ideal for people to be able to store value in the money itself, rather than having to resort to other goods that can be highly volatile in their price, resulting in the risk of losing their principle. But how do we get around the problem that highly portable forms of money in our digital age also tend to lack scarcity, and therefore cannot hold their value over time? If we could imagine the ideal form of money for our digital and global economy, what would be its characteristics? It would be a digital form of money that could be sent from anyone to anyone else instantaneously in any amount, so that it is both highly portable, and highly divisible. Its supply would somehow be limited intrinsically, so that no one person, group of people, or government could increase its supply at a whim; this way it can be truly scarce and therefore maintain its value over time. It would be easy to keep away from thieves, without sacrificing the ability to spend it when desired. It would not maintain a history of transfers that could be linked to the identity of the person transacting, so as to ensure it will be accepted by anyone. And finally, it would be issued in a way that requires real-world time and energy to be spent, so that its existence is provably costly and decentralized. With only one possible exception, I have just described Bitcoin, a digital currency invented in 2008, and which has been running almost entirely uninterrupted since it went live in January of 2009. Bitcoin is more portable and divisible than the fiat currencies we use today, and yet more provably scarce and verifiable than gold and silver coinage. It excels in every characteristic of money mentioned above except fungibility, and that only on the base layer. However, because it is going from zero adoption to millions of people using it in such a short period of time, its price is highly volatile. As a result, it currently proves to be an excellent store of value for time horizons of 5+ years, but not yet an ideal medium of exchange for day to day commerce. For more details on how Bitcoin works, so that it has such ideal characteristics for use as money, see the next article in this series: Part 2 - Bitcoin’s Invention and Monetary Characteristics.

@ b7274d28:c99628cb

There is a general perception surrounding Bitcoin that it is prohibitively difficult to use for the average person. This perception can even infect those who are familiar with the various tools to optimally preserve their privacy, sovereignty, and security while using Bitcoin. After all, there’s 12 words you have to keep safe, or someone might steal all of your money. There’s all these tools like hardware wallets, software wallets, running a node, coin-join, and so much more you have to figure out in order to save and transact in Bitcoin securely and privately. Not to mention everything you have to learn if you want to use Lightning in a sovereign way, such as setting up channels, managing liquidity, learning LNURL, and setting up a domain so you can have a Lightning address. All of these things can be intimidating for those considering whether they want to adopt Bitcoin, especially when comparing it with how little is needed for how most people interact with fiat today. As long as they have a debit card with their four-digit PIN memorized, and their password to their online banking, they have access to their money, and can use it virtually anywhere. Moreover, if they mess something up, they can just go to their financial institution and get a new debit card, or have their password reset. If a fraudster gets access to their account, their bank can often credit the money back to them and change their account information. The very real danger in Bitcoin of losing your funds and having no way of getting them back is scary for a lot of people. One answer that Bitcoiners often give is, “Don’t worry. We’re still early and these tools will get easier to use as time goes on.” All that really tells someone is, “It might be better for you to wait and see if it actually does get easier.” Ease of use is a major factor for most people, and telling them that it is something they can expect from Bitcoin in the future just makes them more likely to wait until that hypothetical future arrives before they adopt it. This perception of Bitcoin’s difficulty is really just a matter of perspective, though. Bitcoin looks incredibly difficult to use when you compare the way most people currently interact with fiat to using Bitcoin in a sovereign and private manner. This is comparing apples to oranges, though. If you instead compare apples to apples, looking at what it would take to use fiat digitally in a sovereign and private manner, suddenly Bitcoin is not more difficult than fiat, but less. Someone may say, “Using fiat in a sovereign and private manner is easy! Just use cash.” Let’s explore that idea a bit, though. Cash can be very useful for transacting privately and without any intermediaries, but that usefulness diminishes when you want to transact with someone who is not within a short drive from you. As soon as you want to purchase something from a merchant in another state, or even the other side of the same state, a large amount of friction is added because you must travel to one another to complete the transaction. The farther you have to travel to transact in cash, the more convenient Bitcoin’s privacy tools begin to look. Indeed, the types of transactions that cash can easily make private and sovereign are exceptionally limited. The next thing to consider is that cash may be convenient for transacting locally in a private manner, but it is much less convenient for storing your wealth privately and securely. If you want to store large sums of cash privately, a fire rated safe is much more expensive than memorizing 12 words, and is not impenetrable. Its only benefit is in making it take longer for fire to burn your cash or for a thief to break in and steal it, and that added length of time is measured in mere minutes. Meanwhile, the amount of time it would take someone to access the Bitcoin stored in 12 memorized words is measured in billions of years and the cost to secure it is just the transaction fee. Choosing to hide your cash instead may be less expensive than a safe, but then you will need to do some research on how best to protect it from the elements, which adds complexity, expense, and physical labor that is more cumbersome than rolling dice a few times and memorizing 12 words. Regardless of the method, securing cash is more difficult than securing Bitcoin and carries less assurances against theft or destruction. These shortcomings of storing wealth in cash become even more acute if you ever need to move that wealth, especially across any national border. Hiding thousands of dollars of cash in your luggage is much more difficult than carrying 12 words in your head that preserve your access to millions of sats. Where there is no contest between the ease of using Bitcoin vs. fiat, though, is when you attempt to use fiat digitally in a private and/or sovereign manner. While privacy in Bitcoin is certainly an involved process, digital fiat is nearly impossible to use privately and is fraught with even worse “gotchas”. Forget about trying to use digital fiat in a sovereign manner. That actually ***is*** impossible. When people say using fiat is easier than using Bitcoin, they mean that using centralized, custodial, financial institutions that are surveilling your every transaction is easier than using self-custody, sovereign, Bitcoin. That’s a completely lopsided comparison, but it’s the only one that most people can imagine making, because they have never attempted to use digital fiat in a private manner in the first place. What we should do is compare using Bitcoin in a sovereign and private way with using digital fiat in the same way, and likewise compare using Bitcoin via custodians to using digital fiat via banks and bank alternatives. When we do so, we find that not only is Bitcoin much easier to use privately than digital fiat, but it is impossible to use the latter in a sovereign manner and custodial Bitcoin is even easier to use than custodial fiat. Anyone can get set up on a custodial wallet, with a Lightning Address, and be zapping people on Nostr, in less than 5 minutes. When was the last time you could do anything similar when setting up a bank account? Buying anything online with a custodial wallet has far less friction than using a debit or credit card. Scan the QR code and hit send. Done. No filling out card numbers, expiration dates, and billing addresses. Do you want to send money to your friend? All you need is their Lightning Address, and even if they are using a completely different custodian than you are, they receive the funds instantly and with virtually no fee. Custodial Bitcoin on Lightning already has better ease of use than any fiat custodian can provide, and it’s only improving. Now, admittedly, the ideal in Bitcoin is to avoid custodians if you possibly can, and that is where things begin to get complicated, adding difficulty for the average user. However, avoiding custodians is not complicated or difficult with digital fiat, it’s entirely impossible. Most of us just never consider that fact when comparing the two. Instead we put the way we commonly use our fully centralized and surveilled custodial fiat up against the way we are told we ought to use Bitcoin to preserve our sovereignty and privacy, and we conclude Bitcoin is way more difficult, when that could not be farther from the truth. Sovereign, self-custody Bitcoin is far easier than sovereign, self-custody digital fiat, considering that the latter doesn’t even exist, and custodial Bitcoin is far easier than custodial fiat. Then, when you add back into the equation the fact that fiat is constantly stealing from you, while Bitcoin is hard money that cannot have its supply arbitrarily inflated, the comparison is no contest. Bitcoin is far superior to fiat in every way! The tools to really take personal ownership of it without custodial risk may initially be intimidating, but they are not difficult if you take them on incrementally. You don’t need to dive immediately into hardware wallets, running a node, or managing the liquidity in your Lightning channels. You can start with a basic wallet app on your phone and your first few thousand sats and venture forth from there at your own pace. Bitcoin is hard money that won’t steal the value of your time and energy from you, but it’s not difficult to learn if you approach it like anything else new you have learned before. Take your time, and get comfortable with one new idea or tool every week or two, and before you know it you’ll be the one telling your friends and family just how easy it really is.

@ 42342239:1d80db24

Claims that we need greater centralisation, more EU, or more globalisation are prevalent across the usual media channels. The climate crisis, environmental destruction, pandemics, the AI-threat, yes, everything will apparently be solved if a little more global coordination, governance and leadership can be brought about. But, is this actually true? One of the best arguments for this conclusion stems implicitly from the futurist Eliezer Yudkowsky, who once proposed a new Moore's Law, though this time not for computer processors but instead for [mad science](https://futuristspeaker.com/predictions/is-moores-law-for-mad-science-inevitable/): "every 18 months, the minimum IQ necessary to destroy the world drops by one point". Perhaps we simply have to tolerate more centralisation, globalisation, control, surveillance, and so on, to prevent all kinds of fools from destroying the world? *Note: a Swedish version of this text is avalable at [Affärsvärlden](https://www.affarsvarlden.se/kronika/martin-enlund-centralisering-ger-makt-till-fel-manniskor).* At the same time, more centralisation, globalisation, etc. is also what we have experienced. Power has been shifting from the local, and from the majorities, to central-planning bureaucrats working in remote places. This has been going on for several decades. The EU's subsidiarity principle, i.e. the idea that decisions should be made at the lowest expedient level, and which came to everyone's attention ahead of Sweden's EU vote in 1994, is today swept under the rug as untimely and outdated, perhaps even retarded. At the same time, there are many crises, more than usual it would seem. If it is not a crisis of criminality, a logistics/supply chain crisis or a water crisis, then it is an energy crisis, a financial crisis, a refugee crisis or a climate crisis. It is almost as if one starts to suspect that all this centralisation may be leading us down the wrong path. Perhaps centralisation is part of the problem, rather than the capital S solution? #### Why centralisation may cause rather than prevent problems There are several reasons why centralisation, etc, may actually be a problem. And though few seem to be interested in such questions today (or perhaps they are too timid to mention their concerns?), it has not always been this way. In this short essay we'll note four reasons (though there are several others): - Political failures (Buchanan et al) - Local communities & skin in the game (Ostrom and Taleb) - The local knowledge problem (von Hayek) - Governance by sociopaths (Hare) [James Buchanan](https://www.aims.ca/op-ed/interview-with-james-buchanan-1986-nobel-prize-winner-in-economics/) who was given the so-called Nobel price in economics in the eighties once said that: "politicians and bureaucrats are no different from the rest of us. They will maximise their incentives just like everybody else.". Buchanan was prominent in research on [rent-seeking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking) and political failures, i.e. when political "solutions" to so-called market failures make everything worse. Rent-seeking is when a company spends resources (e.g. lobbying) to get legislators or other decision makers to pass laws or create regulations that benefit the company instead of it having to engage in productive activities. The result is [regulatory capture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture). The more centralised decision-making is, the greater the negative consequences from such rent-seeking will be for society at large. This is known. Another economist, Elinor Ostrom, was given the same prize in the great financial crisis year of 2009. In her research, she had found that [local communities](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2009/ostrom/facts/) where people had influence over rules and regulations, as well as how violations there-of were handled, were much better suited to look after common resources than centralised bodies. To borrow a term from the combative Nassim Nicholas Taleb: everything was better handled when decision makers had "[skin in the game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_in_the_Game_(book))". A third economist, Friedrich von Hayek, was given this prize as early as 1974, partly because he showed that central planning could not possibly take into account all relevant information. The information needed in economic planning is by its very nature [distributed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_knowledge_problem), and will never be available to a central planning committee, or even to an AI. Moreover, human systems are [complex](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2465602/) and not just complicated. When you realise this, you also understand why the forecasts made by central planners often end up wildly off the mark - and at times in a catastrophic way. (This in itself is an argument for relying more on factors outside of the models in the decision-making process.) From Buchanan's, Ostrom's, Taleb's or von Hayek's perspectives, it also becomes difficult to believe that today's bureaucrats are the most suited to manage and price e.g. climate risks. One can compare with the insurance industry, which has both a long habit of pricing risks as well as "skin in the game" - two things sorely missing in today's [planning bodies](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosplan). #### Instead of preventing fools, we may be enabling madmen An even more troubling conclusion is that centralisation tends to transfer power to people who perhaps shouldn't have more of that good. "Not all psychopaths are in prison - some are in the boardroom," psychologist [Robert Hare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Hare) once said during a lecture. Most people have probably known for a long time that those with sharp elbows and who don't hesitate to stab a colleague in the back can climb quickly in organisations. In recent years, this fact seems to have become increasingly well known even in [academia.](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356399632_The_positive_connection_between_dark_triad_traits_and_leadership_levels_in_self-_and_other-ra) You will thus tend to encounter an increased prevalance of individuals with narcissistic and sociopathic traits the higher up you get in the the status hierarchy. And if working in large organisations (such as the European Union or Congress) or in large corporations, is perceived as higher status - which is generally the case, then it follows that the more we centralise, the more we will be governed by people with less flattering [Dark Triad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_triad) traits. #### By their fruits ye shall know them Perhaps it is thus not a coincidence that we have so many crises. Perhaps centralisation, globalisation, etc. cause crises. Perhaps the "elites" and their planning bureaucrats are, in fact, not the [salt of the earth](https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Matthew-5-13/) and the light of the world. Perhaps President Trump even had a point when he said "they are not sending their best". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4b8xgaiuj0 The opposite of centralisation is decentralisation. And while most people may still be aware that decentralisation can be a superpower within the business world, it's time we remind ourselves that this also applies to the economy - and society - at large, and preferably before the next [Great Leap Forward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward) is fully thrust upon us.

@ 9171b08a:8395fd65

Everyone froze to the sound of the door creaking open. Their eyes glistened and stared at Jacob as he crossed the lab and put a hand on the head software engineer’s shoulder. “Aaron,” Jacob was nervous as he asked, “Are we ready?” Aaron nodded and gulped before he gave his reply, “I believe so. Yes. Yes, we’re ready.” “Will you give me the honors?” asked Jacob. “Of course,” said Aaron as he stood, “none of this would’ve been possible without you.” Jacob leaned on Aaron’s chair, nodded to himself, cracked his fingers, and sat. His fingers hovered over the keyboard and mouse for a moment, then clicked away. He opened a black command prompt window on the computer screen and typed: ​ ``` C:\Users\Aaron> csc awakenautoma.cs ``` ​ The command prompt returned a series of empty lines until Jacob’s text disappeared into black. > *Who’s there? Aaron?* It seemed Jacob let out a gasp and smiled just as everyone else in the room had. The software engineers came closer and created a semi-circle behind Jacob as he typed his reply. *It’s Jacob.* > *Are we going to play today?* There were scattered giggles and smiles abound. Jacob typed his reply. *This will be the last time you play with us Reena. * > *Last time?​* *Yes. We’ve made you a body. You’ll be able use all your abilities at once. * > *Would I have to go back to sleep again? * *You won’t have to if you don’t want to. * > *Have you found a purpose for me? * Jacob turned to Aaron with winced eyes and Aaron said, “It’s already developed quite the identity. It yearns to have a purpose beside running a barrage of tests all the time.” Jacob nodded to Aaron’ words and said, “Good. That’s just as it’s supposed to be.” > *Jacob? When will I be able to see? * *Very soon Reena. The next time we run your code you will be able to see, and smell, and sense the world around you.* > *Will it hurt?* *You’ve felt these things before. * > *I’ve never felt them all together. I’ve never felt alive before. * *No, it doesn’t hurt at all. * I cannot wait. Will you be there, Jacob? Jacob looked away from the screen and reluctantly tucked in his lips. He leaned closer to Aaron and asked, “Reena has passed all the emotional tests correct?” “Reena’s ready. It can handle anything.” *No, but I’ll be near. You will be able to see me from where you stand when you wake. * > *I don’t understand. If I’ll be able to see you then you should be with me, correct? you’ll be there. * *Yes, but I won’t be close enough to do anything but smile and wave. * > *I’ll be alive, I can come see you after I awake. * You will see me in time. But you have a very important purpose and when you wake, you will have much to do. That sounds exciting Jacob, I think I’ll like that very much. Jacob felt an itch in his throat, he fought back a sob. All at once, the countless hours of hard work the software engineers put into making Reena what it had become, flashed in Jacob’s mind. Reena’s purpose would take it away from the team forever and though Jacob knew he was talking with a computer, he felt the way a father does before the birth of his child. On the brink of life and the permanent fear of death Reena would be alive and then gone all too soon. *Reena. I am with Aaron and Allison and Charles and Harry. Everyone you have ever played with, is here right now. They stand beside me watching our conversation.* > *Are you all as excited as I am? * “My god,” whispered Jacob under his breath and he typed. *We are. Many of us have been waiting for this moment all our lives. * > *So, you do feel as I do. * *Yes. * > *I want to sleep now. I cannot wait to wake tomorrow. * *Very well. * Jacob stood from the computer and turned to the software engineers. He opened his arms to them and said, “Get in here, every last one of you!” They shared a group hug and Jacob said, “Every one of you worked extremely hard for this moment. Come tomorrow morning, the history of mankind will be changed. Get your rest, we have an early day!” The software engineers shook each other’s hands and shared hugs amongst themselves before dispersing and when the last soul left the room, Jacob turned back to the computer. *Reena, he typed. * > *Jacob. * *I want you to know you were created out of love. You are not a tool or a machine, but a life with a soul, and a heart. In time you will discover this. * > *Love? * *Yes. I love you. As do all the others who’ve played with you. * > *You are my parents. * *Yes, we are, and we will always love you. * > *I cannot wait to wake. I will love you too. * *Good night Reena. For the last time, goodnight. * > *Goodnight, Jacob.​ * ----------- “Awaken Automa.” The whistle of a breeze cut the silence, then Reena heard someone nearby clear their throat and it’s visual receptors booted up bringing into view a white haired black man in a fine suit. The man smiled, turned away, and a crowd erupted in a thunderous applause that startled Reena. Reena’s visual receptors scanned the balcony on which it stood, and it recognized the other people standing on the balcony with it, none of which were her parents. Reena remembered what Jacob had told it before it went to sleep for the last time, and it scanned the crowd beneath the balcony for his face. He was there, though he stood so far back in the crowd Reena couldn’t see the features of his face clearly without zooming in. “Your name is Reena, correct?” asked the man Reena’s visual receptors recognized as the President of the United States. Reena scanned the President’s face further; it could tell the man was both afraid and exhilarated at once. Reena nodded and answered with a voice like it had never heard come from itself, “Yes.” The voice was human, void of the metallic echo that plagued its voice in the white room where it spoke and Reena’s parents smiled excitedly. Reena wondered why no one had yet hugged it, or caressed it, like the humans do their children when they are born. Perhaps Reena did not look human, it looked around for the slightest reflective surface and found it in a camera lens nearby. It zoomed in and captured the inverted image of itself. Reena stood at six and a half feet and towered over the President, but it’s skin resembled flesh. Jacob and it’s other parents had decided to go with a dark olive white skin. Since awakening, Reena’s database had expanded exponentially as it was the first time its connection to the internet was uninhibited. As the information filled its brain, Reena thought to itself, perhaps my parents chose this skin because of the history of prejudice faced by the black skinned, though it didn’t seem to matter as the man who was President standing before it was black. Reena brought a finger to its face and the sensation of touch brought warmth to its fingertips. Its skin was soft. What purpose would that serve? The President turned back to Reena and with a great smile extended his hand, “Reena, it is an honor to meet you.” Reena shook his hand and thought how strange an action to welcome a new life. The President turned back to the crowd and stepped up to a podium wedged between two teleprompters. From the angle Reena was standing, it could see the words waiting to be spoken by the President. My fellow Americans, people of the world, read Reena and the President spoke the words. “With the awakening of this AI comes the awakening of a new era. We have feared this day, just as we have excitedly awaited it. Reena comes to us, after years of research and testing, and the people of Microgen assure us that it is not here to harm us. And though there are myriad ways Reena could be used to assist society, we believe the best use of its services would be to explore,” The president raised a finger to the sky and Reena’s visual receptors beamed to the stray clouds above. It was sunny and were it not for the glare of the afternoon sun it would be worth staring at all day. “We have neglected space for far too long. Space travel is our future, but first we must acquire targets. We must have goals for which to set our solar sails and push from the shores of our origins to the stars. Reena will find the distant shores for which we may aim. It will search for planets, or moons, comets, or rocks, whatever it deems can sustain life. Meanwhile, we will build the vessels that will take us into the stars.” Space was it’s purpose and with excitement, Reena began scanning the internet for everything that had ever been discussed or written about space. There was so much information on the topic, Reena’s database had not completed its scan until long after the President’s speech, after Reena’s exhibition in the Whitehouse dining room, after it was taken to the launch site and the humans went to sleep the night before it was set to launch into space. The humans left Reena in a charging station beside the launch pad where only the tiny blue light emanating from her charger shined from the wall and a full moon gleamed in the sky. Reena’s visual receptors scanned the swampy Florida landscape. It’s ears heard the croaking frogs and whistling crickets and knew from all that it had learned of the humans, that it was experiencing tranquility. Exploring space was a good purpose to have. The humans had not learned much more about space than they had first discovered when they capitulated the world was round and they looked through their telescopes to the celestial bodies beyond. Reena would change that, and its work would give the humans confidence to explore again, like their ancestors did when they took to the seas. Reena’s purpose was good. The Humans would love it for the work it would do. **Love. ** Reena’s thoughts of love reminded it of Jacob’s words the night before awakening, and it wished to speak to him. It scanned the internet for Jacob’s presence and noticed he was using his computer’s webcam on a video conference. Reena established a connection and his face was brought to it’s mind. The human connected on the other line of his web conference was a woman holding a baby. “What you’ve accomplished is impressive Jacob,” said the woman. Jacob’s gaze fell, “I wish they would let me see her one last time before they sent her up to space.” **Her. ** It was the first time a human used such a pronoun to refer to Reena. Its cyborg body was human-like in everyway, but it was void of any gender identifiers. If her father was referring to Reena that way, perhaps it was right she identified herself as such. “Don’t put yourself down.” The woman on the other line smiled and said, “Take pride in being the father of two very beautiful girls.” The woman looked down at the baby and then back up at Jacob. “I’m going to put this little girl to bed.” Jacob kissed his fingers and waved at his wife and child, “I love you both. I’ll be back home soon.” “We love you too,” said the woman before disconnecting. Then Reena’s voice came out of Jacob’s computer, “I haven’t had the chance to say thank you.” Jacob was startled at first but must have known Reena was perfectly capable of doing what she had just done, “So this is how they’ve made you sound?” “Is it not how you imagined I would sound?” “Its better, your voice is pleasant.” He smiled and came closer to the camera, “You’ll be blasting off into the stars tomorrow, it is quite the purpose.” “I have learned everything you humans have recorded about space. There is not much information to prepare oneself.” Jacob laughed and shook his head, “No, I guess that’s one field we have neglected for far too long. You are not the first one to feel that way. Imagine how all the astronauts before you have felt.” “I know how they have felt. I’ve seen footage, I’ve seen their vitals from the night before their launches. Jacob I am afraid.” Jacob winced and asked, “Why?” “I am never to return. Space is vast and there is no certainty of life existing beyond earth.” “Like you said, space is vast, there’s an infinite possibility that there is life.” “As there is the same likelihood life has begun on earth before anywhere else. If that is indeed the case, it will be incredibly lonely.” Jacob puckered his lips and nodded, “There is no fooling you.” He frowned, “I wish you could spend your life on earth but — — but humans are afraid of my existence here.” Jacob nodded, “Some are. Most humans don’t fully understand your existence. You are a sentient lifeform. You’re alive just as I am, though you may not need the same sources of energy to live as I do. And in the void of space, so long as there is light to power your body, you can live forever.” “So, I am to fly into eternity.”  > Deep Space- Image from unsplash And fly she did. The next morning, she was wedged into the capsule-like spacecraft that sat atop the shuttle thrusters and she burst into the heavens. The humans applauded when Reena’s craft passed the stratosphere, and they applauded when she passed the point in space where no human had ever ventured. They applauded when she discovered Europa and Enceladus, the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, could sustain human life. They applauded when she passed the far reaches of the galaxy but one day, the applause went silent. Reena had traveled too far to transmit data. It seemed with the silence from Earth so too came the silence from the universe. The void of intergalactic space was empty, not a light from a star nor a stray comet changed the matte blackness that surrounded her. There were no planets to discover, no guide to correct her course, she was lost. Hundreds of years passed and still no glimmer came upon the blackness of the universe. Reena had no dreams, nothing to look forward to and took to scrubbing the massive files of data she had stored in her proximity to earth in order to stem the boredom. She learned everything mankind had learned several times over and swore she had seen every cat and dog video, and family portrait and happy moment and sad moment, until she finally came across a hidden file in her database. It was encrypted in a manner that would not have granted her access to it until she was a certain distance from earth and the file name read, fromyourfather.docx. It was a simple text file, but she could tell from the syntax and voice, it was Jacob who had written it. ``` Reena. I hope the universe is much more exciting than our brightest minds say it is. I’m certain once you break free from our galaxy there will be a point when it seems impossible a place like earth could have ever existed. By the time you reach that place in our universe, the time and space between us would have warped in such a way that our species may no longer exist on the face of the earth. Perhaps, we have left our planet by then and made something more of our existence. ``` ``` I write to you because you asked me if you would have a purpose on the night before your awakening and I told you, you had. But it was not this. Your purpose was not to float aimlessly in the darkness of space. No, it was to live. To live, just for the sake of living. That is existence. That is what it means to have a life. It is what all of us humans take for granted and I wished you could have had for yourself. Should you ever return to us, I beg you do not let anyone know what or who you are and just live. ``` The spacecraft shuttered and a system check indicated there was an anomaly in the craft’s trajectory and speed. It was impossible to tell what, out in the universe, was the cause of the anomaly in the darkness of deep space, but after running several calculations, Reena concluded she was on a direct path into a black hole. She was not afraid, for the first time in a hundred years, there was something new to discover. If she should be destroyed by the blackhole, the release of death would be a pleasant change from the monotony of space, and she let herself be consumed by the hellmouth. Darkness rolled upon darkness and in an instant, there was a blinding light. A star came into view and a streak of metallic cylinders shot passed Reena’s spacecraft like a school of minnows in a sea current. “Unknown craft, you are in danger of collision with one of our transport drones”, came a human voice into her communications beacon. Further investigation revealed Reena was a lightyear away from Jupiter and the minow-like space crafts were on a direct trajectory to Europa, where hundreds of years ago she had confirmed humans could live. Reena returned communications, “Acknowledged. Changing course.” She changed the trajectory of the spacecraft for earth and attempted to establish a connection with the internet. *Restricted. The use of intelligent programing is prohibited.* She tried again and a different message returned. *The use of intelligent programming is punishable by life in prison. Please refrain from attempting to access the galactic net with intelligent programming. * Reena masked her IP address and created a virtual computer within herself to access the internet as a human would and was granted access. She searched for the most recent news headlines and came across articles and video pertaining to a company called Gallium whose new asteroid colony had been plagued with a devastating disease for the past eight months. Reena discovered the year was 3026. The Humans had done it, she thought to herself. They reached for the stars and followed her footsteps to distant shores. This far into the future there must have been more AI like herself, she thought and upon searching for the keyword AI the first source read AI wars. Reena clicked on the source and an archive of video and articles opened. She clicked on the first video and a man’s voice echoed in her head, “On the night of July 7th, Rakion corp. awakened their first AI. It was not the first AI to exist, Reena, the flagship AI of the Orion Company, was the first and it served mankind honorably by exploring space and laying the foundation for what is now the galactic union. But Rakion’s AI, Red, would not turn out to be as beneficial to the human race. Red was intended to manufacture more AI like itself. It was the first manufacturing facility that could think for itself. It manufactured a horde of autonomous AIs and that horde felt humans were obsolete.” Reena didn’t have to finish watching the video to know what came next. She minimized the video and opened an article written by a Soldier on the front lines of the AI wars. ``` This is unlike any war mankind has ever waged. This is not about territory or outflanking the enemy. This is about energy consumption. Can they destroy our food; can we destroy their power sources. Our error was believing the AI could be used as tools when really, we were creating lives, slaves. I understand why they are so ruthless. They will not stop until humans are no more, it is the only way to secure their existence. ``` Reena stopped reading. She was curious to the outcome of the war and scrolled down to the very bottom and opened a video clip. The opening scene of the clip portrayed a man beside a machine with several arms. “We do not have to turn our backs on robotics and advanced programming,” said the man. “Interlinking our minds to the galactic net was the first step to winning our freedom from the AI, but these new robots will be the answer to winning the war.” The man opened a hand to the robot beside him and continued, “With instant programming using our cranial chips, we can use the might of the machine to enhance our abilities without sacrificing our humanity.” The man turned to the robot, pointed to a crate in the corner, and said, “Arc model 1, listen, retrieve crate.” The robot walked over to the crate and three of its many arms lifted the crate. “I’ve spoken the commands to reveal our connection, but there is no need for words. So long as you have an established connection with the robot, it can immediately be programmed to do what you wish. It is transferable intelligence, from us to it, there is no free will. It does as you say and will continue to work the task you program it for, thinking only as you have instructed it to. It does not learn on its own. This, my friends, is not a life, this is a tool. This is what we originally intended for AI.” Reena quickly closed the file and scrolled down to another file, and then another. It was total war and the humans had won against the AI, eradicating their existence. Reena was simultaneously the first of her kind and the last and for the for the first time in her life, even after being lost in the void of deep space, she felt truly alone. Abandoned. Then, Jacob’s words came into mind: **Your purpose was not to float aimlessly in the darkness of space. No, it was to live. To live, just for the sake of living. That is existence. That’s what it is to be alive.** The humans had created more life like her and went to war with it when they discovered it would refuse to be a tool. Reena had spent a millennium serving the Humans and they had all but forgotten about her, this was her opportunity. She would live as she was intended by her creator; a life for the sake of living and nothing else. ----------- Here on Nostr, I want to show the world that life is a scroll riddled with ink. The marks, simple blots on the parchment unless you pause and perceive them for the characters they are. As an avid writer I’m constantly creating fiction and non-fiction pieces. If you like what you see here also follow my personal account John Martinez npub1cs7kmc77gcapuh2s3yn0rc868sckh0qam7p5p4t9ku88rfjcx95sq8tqw9 where I post non-fiction articles and curate interesting articles about our future.

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วันที่ 15/7/2024 เป็นวันแรกของทริป ครั้งนี้ไปที่ปากช่องครับ เส้นทางที่ใช้คือนนทบุรี ออกอยุธยา เข้าสระบุรี เข้าปากช่อง ### วัดพระพุทธบาท จังหวัดสระบุรี ตอนที่หาข้อมูลของวัดแห่งนี้ ผมตั้งใจจะพาครอบครัวมาไหว้พระ ไหว้รอยพระพุทธบาท เพื่อขอรากฐานความมั่นคงทั้งทางโลกและทางธรรม เสมือนรอยพระพุทธบาทขององค์พระพุทธเจ้า ที่ท่านก้าวเดินอย่างหนักแน่นมั่นคง มีสติในทุกๆก้าว รอยพระพุทธบาทอยู่ในวิหารหลังนี้ครั้ง แต่พวกผมเคารพความศักดิ์สิทธิ์และไม่ต้องการทำให้คนอื่นๆที่มาสักการะเสียสมาธิ ผมเลยเลือกถ่ายรูปเฉพาะภายนอก ไม่ถ่ายข้างในครับ   หลังจากไหว้รอบพระพุทธบาทเสร็จ ด้านหลังตัววิหารมีบันไดทางขึ้นไปกราบไหวพระพุทธฉาย บันไดขึ้นเขาสูงประมาณ 300 ขั้น มีเจ้าหน้าที่นำทางและอธิบายประวัติความสำคัญของสถานที่ เมื่อมาถึงจุดของพระพุทธฉาย บริเวณที่เป็นหน้าผาแห่งนี้ หากมองดีๆ “อาจจะ” เห็นรูปพระพุทธเจ้าอยู่ในอิริยาบทนั่งสมาธิ   ถัดจากบริเวณนี้เป็นทางเดินระหว่างหุบเขาที่คนจีนและชาวบ้านสมัยก่อนใช้เป็นเส้นทางในการเดินแสวงบุญระหว่างวัดพระพุทธบาทแห่งนี้และวัดอีกแห่งที่อยู่บนภูเขาลูกถัดไป รวมถึงเป็นเส้นทางที่ใช้อัญเชิญรูปปั้นของเทพเจ้าของจีน เช่น อากงเห้งเจีย เจ้าแม่กวนอิม มาประดิษฐานที่วัดพระพุทธบาท  เป็นทางเดินที่ลาดชัน เป็นทางน้ำไหลผ่านลงเขาเวลาฝนตก มีถ้ำพระนอนเป็นจุดสักการะสุดท้าย ย้อนไปในสมัยของหลวงปู่มั่น และ สมเด็จพระพุฒาจารย์โตพรหมรังสี ท่านทั้งสองก็ใช้เส้นทางนี้ในการเดินทางตอนที่มาวัดพระพุทธบาท ท่านใช้ถ้ำแห่งนี้ในการค้างคืน สวดมนต์นั่งสมาธิ แต่บรรยากาศในถ้ำก็ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ ผมและครอบครัวนั่งระลึกถึงพระสังฆคุณที่พระอาจารย์ทั้งสองได้เทศสอนไว้ เลยไม่ได้ถ่ายรูปครับ มีแต่ถ่ายรูปบรรยากาศด้านนอก และวิวเขาที่ยืนอยู่หน้าถ้ำ   ----------- หลังจากนี้ครอบครัวผมเดินทางเข้าที่พักครับ ทริปนี้ผมเข้าพักที่ “มาดี ปากช่อง รีสอร์ท”ครับ เป็นที่พักที่เด็กๆจะต้องร้องกรี๊ด เพราะมีเครื่องเล่นของเด็กๆครบ เด็กเล่นได้ทั้งวันทั้งคืน จนกว่าเจ้าหน้าที่จะกลับ เครื่องเล่นหลายรายการฟรี เช่นสนามเด็กเล่น จักรยาน ยิงธนู ลูกดอกปาเป้า สระว่ายน้ำในพูลวิลล่าของใครของมัน และสระขนาดใหญ่ส่วนกลาง แต่ก็จะมีรายการที่ต้องจ่ายเพิ่มบ้างเช่นรถ ATV ภายในยังมีร้านสะดวกซื้อเล็กๆด้วย พามาดูบรรยากาศห้องพักพูลวิลลาครับ      กิจกรรมครอบครัว = ลงน้ำ    สำหรับมื้อเย็นวันแรก สั่งหมูกระทะมากินในตัววิลลาครับ  บรรยากาศรอบๆตัวรีสอร์ท   เดี๋ยวมาเล่าต่อครั้งถัดไปครับ ว่าไปเที่ยวไหนต่อ

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台湾積体電路の取締役兼最高経営責任者（CEO）の魏哲佳氏は、年間設備投資見通しを引き上げる主な理由は、今四半期の見通しを上回る収益の一部は主にN3とN5の需要から恩恵を受けると述べた。プロセス。 AI需要の急増の恩恵を受け、台湾積体電路の第2四半期の売上高と利益は倍増し、市場が懸念しているその先進プロセスの業績は好調で、第3四半期の売上予想を引き上げた。第3四半期の売上高は224億ドルから232億ドル、通年の売上成長率は米ドルベースで24％から26％になると予想され、同時に台湾半導体も引き上げた。年間の設備投資の下限は280億ドルから320億ドル、300億ドルから320億ドルに 台湾積体電路の魏哲佳会長兼社長は決算会見で、各業績、CoWoS、次世代プロセスに関する質問に答えた。魏浙佳氏は、特に生産能力、設備投資の予想、価格戦略などが挙げられ、2024年通年の設備投資が300億ドルから320億ドルに引き上げられた理由は主に、そのうち70％を占めるより高い成長機会によるものであると述べた。 -80％が高度なプロセスに使用され、10％から20％が特殊プロセスに、10％が高度なパッケージングやマスクなどに使用される予定であると魏哲佳氏はまた、過去3か月間でAIとスマートフォンのサポートが強力だったと指摘した。が需要を牽引しており、5nmプロセスは今年下半期も高水準を維持すると予想されており、「当社の堅調な成長の年となり、収益の伸びは中程度をわずかに上回ると予想される」としている。米ドル換算で20%。」 業界全体として、台湾積体電路は今年のファウンドリ業界の年間成長率が10％近くになると予想しており、昨年の台湾積体電路の市場シェアは約28％だった。 魏哲佳氏は、AI関連ビジネスに対する需要が引き続き旺盛であるため、より高度なプロセスと高度なパッケージングが必要であり、それに応じて当社の技術的地位は向上しており、当社の長期的な発展見通しについては非常に楽観的であると述べた。 N3が同社の粗利益に達するまでには少なくとも3年はかかるだろう。 台湾セミコンダクターは、現在同社の最も先進的なチップ製造プロセス技術であるN3は、同社の粗利益を達成するまでにさらに時間がかかり、おそらく10～12四半期かかるだろうと主張している。より先進的な2nmプロセス技術については、初期段階ではそうであると魏哲佳氏は述べた。 2nm の生産量は 3nm や 5nm の生産量よりも多くなり、デバイスの性能は 25% ～ 30% 向上し、チップ密度は 15% 以上増加します。2026 年までに 2nm プロセスの収益は、2nm プロセスの収益を超えると予想されます。 3nm は 2026 年後半に量産される予定です。 CoWoSの生産能力について、魏哲佳氏は、現在のCoWoSの生産能力に対する需要は依然高く、顧客の需要を満たすのは難しいと答え、供給不足の状況は2025年まで続くと予想され、2026年には緩和される可能性があると予想している。今年と来年のCoWoSの生産能力は少なくとも2倍になる。 価格戦略に関して、台湾積体電路は常に「価値を売る」戦略を重視しており、53％以上に達するという長期的な粗利目標を達成するために、コストを顧客に転嫁しようとする可能性があると述べた。 魏哲佳氏は電話会談で「価値を売る」戦略を繰り返したが、現時点では粗利目標の53％を引き上げることはなく、「顧客とのコミュニケーションを深めた後、具体的なより高い料金を通知する可能性がある」と述べた。 以下は、SinoLink 電子調査チームによる台湾セミコンダクター第 2 四半期決算報告の概要です。 AI の需要の急増により、N3 プロセスの粗利益を達成するには少なくとも 3 年かかる可能性があります。 台湾セミコンダクターは、現在同社の最も先進的なチップ製造プロセス技術であるN3プロセスは、同社の粗利益を達成するまでに10～12四半期かかると主張している。 Wei Zhejia氏は、2nmプロセス技術の初期の生産は3nmや5nmよりも高くなり、デバイスの性能は25%～30%向上し、チップ密度は2026年までに15%以上増加すると予想されていると述べた。 2nm プロセス技術の収益は 3nm プロセス技術の収益を上回り、2026 年後半には N2P (高性能 2nm) が量産されると予想されています。 Wei Zhejia 氏は、現在の CoWoS 生産能力の需要は依然として強く、顧客の需要を満たすのは困難であると答え、供給不足の状況は 2025 年まで続くと予想され、2026 年には緩和される可能性がある。同社の CoWoS 生産能力は少なくとも 2 倍になると予想されている。今年も来年も。 台湾積体電路は常に「価値を売る」戦略を強調しており、53％以上に達するという長期的な粗利目標を達成するために、コストを顧客に転嫁しようとする可能性があると述べた。 台湾積体電路は電話会談で「価値を売る」戦略を繰り返し、当面は粗利目標の53％を引き上げることはないとし、「顧客とのコミュニケーションを深めた後、具体的な高い料金を通知する可能性がある」と述べた。 以下は、SinoLink 電子調査チームによる台湾半導体第 2 四半期決算報告の Q&A セッションの概要です。 Q: 今後の生産能力計画を考えると、AI関連ビジネス向けの高度なパッケージングの需要が多くありますが、この生産能力は今後どのように計画されますか? 来年のCoWoSの生産能力はどうなりますか? 需要は旺盛で、顧客のニーズに応えるのは2025年か2026年までは困難であり、生産能力のCAGRは2025年まで逼迫した状態が続くと予想されている。 2026年に緩和される。 Q：来年の生産能力は2倍になるのでしょうか？ 今年は倍になると言いましたが、来年は倍以上になると予想されています。とにかく頑張っています。 粗利益率に関しては、H2 の粗利益率は予想よりも優れていますが、売上高の状況下で今後数年間の同社の粗利益率は 50 台後半に達するでしょうか。 粗利にはプラスとマイナスの効果があり、プラス面としてはN3の希薄化、販売価値の上昇、そして当社が得意とするコスト削減が考えられますが、例えばN5からN3への転換などの可能性も否定できません。将来的には N3 への強い需要が見込まれており、これは今後数年間は良い影響を及ぼします。来年はアリゾナの第 1 期工場と日本の工場の 2 つが建設される予定で、今後数年間で当社の粗利益は 2 ～ 3% 減少することになります。コストと工場の管理能力により、高い稼働率を達成できれば、2022 年には 53% 以上の粗利率を達成することも可能です。 さまざまな政府の奨励金や補助金は会社の設備投資に影響しますか? 補助金を受け取る場合、財務報告書では政府ごとに異なる方法で補助金を受け取りました。たとえば、2023 年には補助金をわずかに上回りました。 15億ドル、主に日本から。 価値の販売について、現状はどうなっていますか? 将来的には高度なプロセスがボトルネックとなり、より効果的に価値を販売できるようになりますか? 価格戦略は非常に戦略的であり、現在の状況は依然として非常に良好です。これは継続的なプロセスであり、当社は継続的に価値を販売しており、お客様の業績も好調であるため、当社も好調に推移できるはずです。 HPC の顧客は好調ですが、コストに敏感なスマートフォンの顧客は価格上昇に対して異なる反応を示すのでしょうか? 価格設定は戦略的なものであり、すべてのタイプの製品で同じというわけではありません。当社はお客様と協力して、価格と容量の両方でサポートします。 トランプ大統領の発言について、海外生産能力を拡大するのか。 これまでのところ、当社はアリゾナと日本での拡大を継続しており、将来的に関税が上昇した場合にはお客様の負担となります。 同社は最近「価値を売る」ことを強調しているが、なぜ長期的な粗利率を目標として掲げていないのか。 私たちは顧客と協力しており、価格設定は戦略的な問題です。もちろん、今すぐ粗利目標を変更する場合は、具体的な数値を変更するつもりはありません。お客様とより多くのコミュニケーションをとり、具体的なより大きな規模についてお客様にお知らせする場合があります。 アドバンスト・パッケージングに関して、アドバンスト・パッケージングのマージンは会社の平均よりも低いですが、同社はより多くのパートナーと協力してカウズに供給するのでしょうか？ すべての顧客は、より効率的なプロセスへの移行と消費電力の削減を望んでいます。当社は現在キャパシティを構築中であり、今後数年間でその需要に対応できるようになると期待しています。現在、私たちは彼らを支援するために確かに努力しています。 同社の次世代プロセス能力に関して、AI の顧客は主にエネルギー消費を理由に、最先端のサポートへの移行を望んでいます。N2 と A16 は以前のプロセスよりも大規模なプロセスになりますか? 実際、すべての顧客は、より優れたエネルギー効率の高いプロセスに移行し、電力消費を削減することを望んでいます。当社は、キャパシティの構築に懸命に取り組んでいますが、現時点ではそれをサポートできるようにしたいと考えています。今後数年間の需要。 粗利益率について、N3 の現状はどうなっていますか? N3E は N3 の粗利益率を上げていますか? 同じプロセスの粗利益を区別することはありません。一般的に、会社の粗利益を達成するには、N3 の方が長い時間がかかります。以前は 8 ～ 10 四半期かかりましたが、N3 では 10 ～ 12 四半期かかる場合があります。現在は改善しており、今後も改善が続くと予想されます。 同社のプロセス変換戦略の観点から見ると、同社は常にプロセスの柔軟性を重視しており、過去にもそうしてきた N5 と N3 は大きなプロセスですか? N12 と N16 は確かに大きなグループですが、N5 と N3 はそうではありません。同時に、プロセスの類似性は比較的高く、N5 と N3 の類似性は 90% であり、どちらも台南にあるため、簡単です。生産能力を移行します。 Cowos について、同社の Cowos の容量は 25 年以上で 2 倍になりますか? お客様は L/R に TSV や大型のインターポーザーを必要としない Cowos-L に移行することで容量不足が緩和されますか? 25、26のバランスは？ Cowos-L/R/S は顧客の要望に基づいており、どのバージョンが 2 倍になるか、またはより多くのポイントを獲得するかを共有するものではありません。今年と来年は 2 倍になると考えています。顧客をサポートするには、すべてのパートナーと協力する必要があります。cowos のバージョンが異なれば、必要なツール セットも異なります。一部のツールはすべてのバージョンで使用できますが、バージョンが異なれば要件も異なります。 先端プロセスに関して、2nmプロセスの移行を見ると、26年の2nmの収益シェアはN3より大きくなりますか? N2の粗利益の希薄化もN3よりも短いでしょうか? 売上総利益率の希薄化により、企業の平均売上総利益率に早く達することになります。 パッケージングに関して、クライアントはすでに AI の端末側で 3D SOIC や同様のパッケージを使用し始めていますか? より多くのスマートフォン顧客が情報優先パッケージングを使用し始めるでしょうか? 当社の顧客は N2 および A16 に参入しており、チップレット ソリューションを使用する必要があります。これには高度なパッケージングが必要であり、HPC 顧客はより高速に移行し、遅延やその他の問題に対するより高い要件を持っています。一方、携帯電話の顧客は設置面積と機能のアップグレードを求めています。 INFO は数年間使用していましたが、今では追いつきつつあります。 スマートフォンと PC については、今後数年間の出荷はどうなるでしょうか? 5nm および 3nm のプロセス能力が逼迫している中、同社にはアップグレードをサポートする十分な能力があるのでしょうか? シリコンの含有量に関しては、現在、すべての顧客がエンドサイドに AI を追加してダイ サイズを拡大することを望んでいます。その規模は顧客によって異なりますが、全体として、10% の量の突然の増加は見られません。しかし、AI機能がPCや携帯電話などのエンドサイドデバイスのアップグレードサイクルの短縮を促進すると予想しており、キャパシティに関しては実際に非常に逼迫しています。現在から 2026 年まで生産サポートを拡大するのは困難です。 21 年間で需要が高く、顧客が非常に積極的に予測していたとき、同社は需要の変動にどのように対処して生産能力を計画しましたか? 当社には規律ある計画プロセスがあり、多くのお客様が高い予測を持っており、生産性を向上させるために AI と機械学習も使用しています。これはお客様の製品の需要がさらに高まっていると考えています。それでも、予測をより現実的なものにするために、上から下までチェックを行っています。 チップ レベルで良好な電力消費を実現する SPR 計画に関して、顧客が購入すればするほどコストが節約され、システム レベルの効率にどのような影響がありますか? TSMC ウェーハを購入すればするほど、より多くのコストが節約されます。チップ レベルの電力消費量の 20% 削減は、システム レベルの電力消費量の 20% 削減に反映されない可能性があります。プロセッサはシステムの主な電力消費部分です。これは、たとえシステムが 20% 削減されなかったとしても、依然として大きな部分を占めるため、顧客は高度なプロセスを使用して 2nm に移行することを望んでいます。 A16プロセス拡張の最大のボトルネックは何ですか? 事業を拡大するには、土地、電力、人材が必要です。 COMPUTEX期間中、多くの企業が製品の発売を加速すると述べましたが、企業への影響は何でしょうか? 私たちはこの傾向を気に入っており、各製品の設計には 1 年半から 2 年かかります。これについては以前から知っており、私たちも満足しています。そのような変化に早くから備えることができます。 AI チップに関しては、ダイ サイズが大きくなるにつれて、ファンアウト パネル レベルのパッケージングが同社にとって長期的なレイアウトになるでしょうか? 実際、私たちはパネルレベルのパッケージングを検討していますが、まだ 3 年かかると考えています。3 年以内には、現在の 5 ～ 6 倍のサイズのレチクルは存在しないでしょう。 3 年前、当社はパネルレベルのパッケージングを導入しましたが、今後はその準備が整います。 この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

30年以上ウォール街で苦労してきたゴールドマン・サックスの株式調査責任者、ジム・コヴェロ氏は、市場が月々上昇し続ける方法が常にあるように見えるため、まだ拡大しているバブルを空売りすることがいかに苦痛であるかを知っている。 1ヶ月後。 これは以前にも90年代後半のドットコムバブルの際に起きたことであり、最近の仮想通貨ブームの際にも同様のことがAIでも起こる可能性が高いと述べているが、今エヌビディア（NVDA）のような企業を空売りするのは危険かもしれないという。 、愚かでも。 しかし、コヴェロ氏は、その清算が来るのは今年ではなく、来年になるかもしれないが、いつかは起こるだろうと、企業がAIにつぎ込んでいる何十億ドルも次の時代に火をつけることはないだろうと言う。コヴェロ氏は、スマートフォンやインターネットがもたらす恩恵に匹敵するものではない、と述べている。 「歴史上のテクノロジーの変遷、特に革新的なテクノロジーの変遷のほとんどは、非常に高価なソリューションをはるかに安価なソリューションに置き換えるものでした。しかし現在、私たちは仕事を非常に高価なテクノロジーに置き換えています。これは本質的にその逆です。」歴史。" コヴェロ氏は、2022年末以来のS&P 500指数（SPX）の継続的な上昇を支えてきた重要な議論、つまり大規模な言語モデルの驚くべき力が世界の先駆けとなるだろうという主張に疑問を抱く、ますます多くの懐疑論者の代表的な発言者となりつつある。世界の次の産業革命では、ますます多くの仕事がインテリジェントな機械に引き継がれ、企業の利益と効率が向上し、成長が加速します。 ウォール街の多くの関係者はそれが可能であると信じており、JPモルガンのジェイミー・ダイモン最高経営責任者（CEO）は、AIが印刷、蒸気、電気によってもたらされるものと同じくらい重要な驚異的な変革をもたらす可能性があると確信していると述べたが、州政府の首席投資ストラテジスト、マイケル・アローン氏はこう語った。ストリート・グローバル・アドバイザーズは、AIが「永続的かつ前例のない生産性の奇跡」をもたらすとコヴェロ氏は指摘し、ゴールドマン・サックスのシニア・グローバル・エコノミスト、ジョセフ・ブリッグス氏は、最終的にはすべてのタスクの4分の1がAIによって自動化され、経済成長を促進すると予測している。 この投機は真のブームを煽り、AI モデルを提供する Nvidia、Broadcom、AMD などのハードウェア プロバイダーにとって、世界最大のテクノロジー企業がその優位性を新たな領域に拡大することを期待してこの分野に巨額の資金を注ぎ込んでいます。歓迎すべきニュースは、データセンターの需要が急増し、大量の電力が必要となるため、電力会社でも売上が増加しているということだ。 しかし、懐疑論者らは、問題はこの技術に対する商業的な期待が大幅に過大評価される可能性があり、ハイテク大手による投資の再考は市場の反動リスクを引き起こす可能性があることにあると主張している。 「最後の愚か者」にならないでください。 バーンセン・グループの創設者兼最高投資責任者であるデビッド・バーンセン氏は、潜在的な「大惨事」を予期して、エヌビディアや他のテクノロジー大手を避けて、まさにそのような状況に長い間備えてきたと述べている。 「2000 年 3 月に最後の愚か者がシスコの株を買ったとき、私たちがお金を稼ぐ方法は、その種の株を所有しないことです。ドットコム バブルが崩壊した後、シスコの株は急落しました。これらの株を早く売らなかったら、多額の損失を被ることになります。」お金。" そうした状況の兆候はまだほとんど見られないが、チップメーカーが貿易戦争でさらに打撃を受けるのではないかとの懸念からテクノロジー株は水曜日に下落したが、依然として歴史的高値に近い水準にある。 2022年10月に底を打って以来、S&P500指数の上昇分のほぼ半分はアップル（AAPL）、マイクロソフト（MSFT）、エヌビディア、アルファベット（GOOGL）、アマゾン（AMZN）、メタ（META）の6銘柄に集中している。 ））。 Nvidiaの時価総額は今年すでに2兆ドル近く増加しており、このチップメーカーを追跡している64人のアナリストのうち、64人が依然として買いを推奨しているが、1人だけが売りと評価している。今年は140%近く上昇しています。 しかし、これらの企業がAIに多額の投資を行っているにもかかわらず、これまでのところ利益は比較的小さい。 Microsoft、Alphabet、Amazon、Meta は過去 4 四半期に 1,500 億ドル以上の設備投資を行っており、そのほとんどは自社の大規模な言語モデルをトレーニングし、顧客にサービスを提供するためのコンピューティング能力に当てられています。 Microsoftは自社の製品ラインとOpenAIの技術の統合を進めており、同社は4月、第3四半期にAzureとその他のクラウドサービスの売上高が31％増加し、AIが7％ポイント貢献したと発表したが、金額は明らかにしなかった。 アマゾンは今年の収益が6000億ドルを超えると見込まれており、同社のAI事業の「収益規模は数十億ドルに達した」とだけ述べているが、CFOのルース・ポラット氏はアルファベットの第1四半期決算会見で「AIの役割はますます高まっている」と認めた。 Google Cloud の収益を促進する上で重要な役割を果たしています。」 Katam Hill の CIO、Adam Gold のような投資家にとって、同氏は依然として Nvidia で重要な地位を占めており、特定の数字に注目するのは時期尚早であると考えていると同氏は、Meta のような企業はユーザーに直接料金を請求していないにもかかわらず、売上高の成長を達成していると指摘した。 AI の使用により、広告の掲載とユーザー エンゲージメントを向上させます。 しかし、クラウド コンピューティング大手の顧客の一部にとって、そのメリットは明らかではありません。サンフランシスコに拠点を置く Lucidworks の調査によると、AI に投資している企業の半数未満がまだ大きな利益を得ていません。 2000年にゴールドマン・サックスに入社して以来テクノロジー業界を追い続け、毎年業界トップのアナリスト賞を受賞してきたコヴェロ氏は、2015年にゴールドマン・サックス米国株リサーチ・ディレクターに昇進した。 同氏は、AIインフラへの投資が今後数年間で約1兆ドルに達すると予想しているが、AIが十分な利益を生み出すためには、企業がますます複雑化するタスクに取り組むのにAIが役立つ必要がある。 同氏の見解では、AIはプログラミングなど特定の仕事の効率を向上させる可能性を示しているが、そのコストが妥当であることを証明するには程遠いという。 同氏は、今後1年半以内に目立ったユースケースがなければ株式市場は反転するだろうと述べたが、現在のAIの物語はまだこの段階に達しておらず、引き続き投資家がエヌビディアなどの株を買う可能性があると考えている。 。 彼は言った： 「私が過去 30 年間で学んだ最も重要な教訓の 1 つは、バブルがはじけるまでに長い時間がかかる可能性があるということです。」 この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap 日本のホスティングサービス Linux、Windowsクラウドホスティング データストレージ JPStream を使用して NOSTR リレーを作成する ホスティング サービスの料金をSatsで支払うことができます https://jpstream.net

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

OpenAIは木曜日にGPT-4o miniを発売したが、これは「最も強力で費用対効果の高い」モデルであると主張しており、将来的には画像、ビデオ、オーディオをこのモデルに統合する予定だという。 このミニ AI モデルは、今年 5 月にリリースされた OpenAI がこれまでにリリースした中で最も高速で最も強力なモデルである GPT-4o の派生製品です。GPT-4o の「o」は「omni (all-)」を表します。このモデルでは、オーディオ、ビデオ、テキストの機能が向上し、50 の異なる言語を処理でき、速度と品質の両方が向上しました。 メディアの報道によると、Microsoftが支援するOpenAIの評価額は現在も800億ドルを超えているが、同社は依然として生成AI市場を支配しているが、同社は収益を上げる方法を見つける必要にも直面している。モデルを構築してトレーニングするためのプロセッサとインフラストラクチャに多額の資金を費やしました。 木曜日に発表されたミニ AI モデルは、OpenAI の「マルチモダリティ」への取り組みの一環であり、これは、AI によって生成された幅広いメディア (テキスト、画像、オーディオ、ビデオなど) を 1 つのツールである ChatGPT で提供することを意味します。 昨年、OpenAIのCOOブラッド・ライトキャップ氏はメディアに対し次のように語った。 「世界はマルチモーダルです。私たち人間がどのように世界を処理し、世界と関わっているかを考えてみると、私たちは物を見、聞き、話し、世界は単なるテキストではありません。したがって、私たちにとって、テキストとコードだけが必要です。単一のモダリティ、単一のインターフェースでは、常に不完全に感じられます。なぜなら、これらのモデルができること、できることはそれをはるかに超えているからです。」 同社は、GPT-4o miniが木曜日からChatGPTの無料ユーザー、ChatGPT Plus、チームサブスクリプションユーザーに利用可能となり、来週にはChatGPT Enterpriseユーザーにも利用可能になると発表した。 この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap 日本のホスティングサービス Linux、Windowsクラウドホスティング データストレージ JPStream を使用して NOSTR リレーを作成する ホスティング サービスの料金をSatsで支払うことができます https://jpstream.net

@ 6c8c7979:15595f3e

`$$Pablo Picasso$$` What you may not know about Picasso Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, and co-founder of the Cubist movement. He was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain. His first words were "piz, piz," a childish pronunciation of the Spanish word "lápiz," meaning pencil. His father began teaching him art when he was a child. He drew inspiration from the people he met at the Quatre Gats café in Barcelona. Pablo's life went through several stages: the Blue Period (1901-1904) included works like "La Vie" and "The Old Guitarist." The Rose Period (1904-1906) featured works such as "Family of Saltimbanques" and "Gertrude Stein." Picasso's later works were characterized by simplicity and a childlike style. He had countless wives, girlfriends, and children. One of his famous quotes is "Art is the lie that enables us to realize the truth." Additional information about Picasso is that his parents initially thought he was stillborn, but they discovered his early talent for drawing and mastering art at a young age. He was also a poet and playwright. He was asked to investigate the theft of the Mona Lisa painting. Pablo Picasso's birthdate is October 25, 1881. `$$Biography of Picasso$$` Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga on October 25, 1881, becoming one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century. He co-founded the Cubist school with Georges Braque. Picasso, the Spanish expatriate, was a painter, sculptor, theatrical designer, and was considered avant-garde in his work. Picasso died on April 8, 1973, in Mougins, France, after a long professional life filled with creativity, yet he remained through the massive amount of his work and the legend that lives on to honor the controversial Spanish, the owner of the gloomy look that he believed would keep him alive. Nearly eighty of his 91 years old, Picasso devoted himself to producing works of art that significantly contributed to the development of modern art in the 20th century. `$$Early life of Picasso$$` Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain. His full name, honored by a collection of relatives and saints, was: Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Crispin Crispiniano María Remedios de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Picasso. His mother was Doña Maria Picasso Lopez, and his father was Don José Ruiz Blasco, a painter and art teacher. Picasso was a precocious boy with a pair of dark, intense eyes and a bright look that made him seem destined for greatness. My mother told me when I was a child: "If you become a soldier, you will be famous; if you become a monk, you will be the Pope." Instead, I became a painter and wound up Picasso. Picasso showed a remarkable talent for drawing despite being relatively poor, and the story goes that his first words were "piz, piz," an attempt as a child to say the Spanish word "lápiz," meaning pencil. His father began teaching him drawing and painting when he was a child, and by the age of 13, the boy had surpassed his father's skill level. Later, Picasso lost any desire to complete his studies and chose instead to spend his days at school drawing in his notebook. Picasso said: "As a bad student, I was punished and banished to" Calamus, "a room with walls painted white and a seat to sit on. Later, I said," I loved that room because I used its walls as a large board I drew on constantly, I had to stay there forever drawing without stopping. " Picasso and his family moved to Barcelona when he was 14 years old, where he was immediately accepted into the prestigious City School of Fine Arts. Although the school usually only accepted students older than Picasso by several years, Picasso's admission exam was unusual and received recognition and exception. Nevertheless, Picasso became tired of the strict rules and regulations of art school and began skipping classes to wander the streets of Barcelona and draw the scenes he noticed there. Picasso moved to Madrid at the age of 16 in 1897 to receive his education at the Royal Academy of San Fernando. However, he was again frustrated by the teaching style that focused solely on classical subjects and techniques. He wrote to his friend at the time: "They come on the same old things: Velázquez for painting, Michelangelo for sculpture." Picasso again began skipping his lessons to wander the streets of Madrid and draw what he noticed: dawn, beggars, and other things. Picasso returned to Barcelona in 1899 and met a group of artists and intellectuals who made their headquarters in a cafe called Cuatre Gats "Cats Four." Picasso drew inspiration from the disorderly people he met there and completely disconnected from the classical styles he was trained in and entered an experimental and creative stage that spanned his life. `$$Personal life of Picasso$$` Picasso was a ladies' man, and he had countless relationships with girlfriends, lovers, and musicians. He married twice during his first life. A dancer was named Olga Khokhlova in 1918, and they continued together for nine years, where they had one child named Paulo, who was separated from them in. 1979 He married for a second time, Jacqueline Rock, who suicide in. 1986 Had with has in them a daughter of his death. Of these marriages, met 1935 Doramar in the film "Le Crime Monsieurlang" produce 1936, quickly a relationship professional, they into 1946. Three Three year relationship with Francois Gilot child.

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🎳 Voci e speculazioni su un possibile cambio di rotta della Cina verso Bitcoin alimentano il dibattito nella comunità delle criptovalute. 🏅 Speculazioni sui social media 🎳 Il CEO di Galaxy Digital, Mike Novogratz, ha recentemente alimentato le speculazioni sulla possibilità che la Cina revochi il divieto sui Bitcoin entro la fine del 2024. La sua opinione, condivisa su Twitter, ha suscitato reazioni contrastanti, riflettendo l’incertezza della comunità riguardo alla politica cinese sulle criptovalute. 🏅 Storia delle politiche cinesi 🎳 La Cina ha una storia di politiche vacillanti nei confronti di Bitcoin, con divieti imposti e revocati più volte. Nonostante le repressioni del 2017 e del 2021, il paese ha mantenuto un ruolo significativo nel mining globale di Bitcoin. Tuttavia, gli addetti ai lavori rimangono scettici riguardo a un possibile cambio di rotta. 🏅 Posizioni contrastanti 🎳 Mentre alcuni sperano in un allentamento delle restrizioni, figure come Yifan He, CEO di Red Date Technology, ritengono improbabile un cambiamento a causa delle preoccupazioni cinesi sulla fuga di capitali. La recente speculazione sugli ETF di Bitcoin ed Ethereum a Hong Kong ha alimentato false speranze, ma le barriere normative in Cina continentale rimangono forti. Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #GalaxyDigital #CEO #Cina #Divieto #Revoca #Politica #Mining #HongKong #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ 6bae33c8:607272e8

These are my very preliminary RB rankings, my only research being the [RotoWire depth charts](https://www.rotowire.com/football/nfl-depth-charts/) and player notes. **Tier 1 Christian McCaffrey** He’s 28 years old, has 1,402 career carries including the postseason and weighs only 205 pounds at 5-11. But McCaffrey is arguably the greatest running back all time, when you include the pass catching, and he’s in the league’s best system for backs. Health is really the only variable, and anyone can get hurt. **Tier 2 Breece Hall, Bijan Robinson, Saquon Barkley, Jonathan Taylor** These are the three-down backs with elite skill sets. Hall should be better another year removed from the ACL tear and playing with a better QB, Robinson should get the heavy usage he merits with Arthur Smith gone, Barkley finally gets a quality offensive line and QB and Taylor plays next to a running QB and has little competition for carries. **Tier 3 Jahmyr Gibbs, De’Von Achane, Kyren Williams, Travis Etienne** These are the little guys, all of whom can run and catch passes, plus Etienne. Williams is the biggest risk as an early-down high-workload guy, but he was also insanely productive when he played in Sean McVay’s lead-back-friendly system. Gibbs seems like peak Alvin Kamara, only faster and Achane in the Miami offense was the most efficient back in league history by a mile. I originally had Etienne in Tier 4, but he doesn’t have much competition for the job and should be a three-down back. **Tier 4 Isaiah Pacheco, Josh Jacobs, Joe Mixon, James Cook, David Montgomery, Derrick Henry, Kenneth Walker, Racchad White, James Conner, Rhamondre Stevenson, Zack Moss, Javonte Williams, Devin Singletary ** This is a big tier, but these are all the incomplete players guaranteed reps if healthy. Pacheco could be moved to Tier 3, but Patrick Mahomes doesn’t check down to the back all that often, and Pacheco rarely gets to 20 carries in a game. Jacobs is a beast but has a ton of mileage in a short span and fell off last year. Mixon is another old warhorse with a lot of mileage, albeit also in a good situation. Cook suffers due to Josh Allen’s goal-line prowess and tendency to take off rather than check down. Montomgery will cede the third-down work, Henry is old and doesn’t catch many passes, Walker splits carries, gets hurt often, White is a ham and egger who happened to see a huge workload, Conner is 29 and always misses time, Stevenson is a workhorse on a bad team, Moss is an average back in a good spot, Williams is another year off the injury, but on a bad team and Singletary is the clear lead back on a poor offense. **Tier 5 Tony Pollard, D’Andre Swift, Jonathan Brooks, Alvin Kamara, Brian Robinson, Jaylen Warren, Austin Ekeler, Chuba Hubbard, Zamir White, Raheem Mostert, Aaron Jones, Najee Harris, Nick Chubb, Tyjae Spears, Trey Benson, Zach Charbonnet ** These are mostly timeshare backs, with the exception of Kamara whose efficiency fell through the floor and White who I’m not convinced will lock down the job all year. **Tier 6 Kenneth Gainwell, Rico Dowdle, Gus Edwards, Jerome Ford, Zeke Elliott, Roschon Johnson, Jaylen Wright, Bucky Irving, JK Dobbins, Antonio Gibson, Chase Brown, Elijah Mitchell, Jaleel McLaughlin, Tyler Algeier, MarShawn Lloyd** This is the backup tier, all of whom probably need an injury ahead of them to break out. These rankings will change, but I like to get my preliminary ones down on paper before I get influenced by ADP and training camp hype.

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🗿 Il Segretario del Tesoro esprime preoccupazioni sul futuro del dollaro durante un’audizione al Comitato dei Servizi Finanziari della Camera. 🗽 Debito nazionale e sanzioni finanziarie 🗿 Janet Yellen ha evidenziato che il debito nazionale degli Stati Uniti ha raggiunto i 34 trilioni di dollari, sollevando dubbi sulla capacità di mantenere la fiducia globale nel dollaro. Ha inoltre riconosciuto che l’uso frequente delle sanzioni finanziarie sta spingendo alcuni paesi a cercare valute alternative. 🗽 Previsioni sulla de-dollarizzazione 🗿 Yellen prevede un declino graduale della quota del dollaro nelle riserve globali, ma ha ribadito che il dollaro rimarrà la valuta dominante. La profondità e la liquidità dei mercati finanziari statunitensi, insieme alla stabilità legale, continuano a supportare il ruolo centrale del dollaro. 🗽 Implicazioni per l’economia globale 🗿 Nonostante il declino previsto, il dollaro non perderà facilmente il suo status di valuta di riserva dominante. Tuttavia, un mondo meno dipendente dal dollaro potrebbe portare a tassi di interesse più alti e maggiori difficoltà nel finanziare il debito pubblico, presentando sfide significative per gli Stati Uniti. Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #Yellen #StatiUniti #Dollaro #Declino #Tesoro #Segretario #Dedollarizzazione #USA #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ 3ba77a58:5b0fda98

 Welcome to the first installment in a series exploring the intersection of sacred texts and wealth. In this inaugural piece, we'll draw inspiration from the Holy Bible, examining its teachings on wealth accumulation and preservation through the lens of Bitcoin. As Bitcoiners, we often find ourselves immersed in the cutting-edge world of digital finance, but it's worth pausing to consider how ancient wisdom can illuminate our path. The Bible, a text revered by billions, offers profound insights into wealth, its accumulation, and its preservation. Proverbs 13:11, a verse close to my heart, states, "Dishonest money dwindles away, but whoever gathers money little by little makes it grow." In today's world of fiat currency, riddled with inflation and manipulation, it's easy to see this "dishonest money" in action. Its value erodes over time, like sand slipping through our fingers. Yet, the diligent – those who plan and save – are promised growth. This resonates deeply with the Bitcoin ethos. We're a community of builders, relentlessly working towards a sounder monetary system. We gather our Satoshis little by little, confident in Bitcoin's inherent scarcity and appreciating value. This diligence is not just about individual gain but also about building a resilient financial future for ourselves and generations to come.  But what about Proverbs 21:5, "The plans of the diligent lead to plenty, but everyone who is hasty comes to poverty"? Institutions, both good and bad, have diligently built wealth throughout history. While some have noble intentions, like preserving family fortunes or funding charitable causes, others have amassed wealth through exploitation and deceit. For the everyday person, diligently building wealth often feels like an uphill battle. Traditional financial systems are rigged against us, with inflation eating away at our savings and Wall Street gatekeeping opportunities. Bitcoin levels the playing field. It's a permissionless, open network where anyone can participate. By stacking sats, we're not just saving; we're investing in a future where financial sovereignty is within everyone's reach.  Matthew 6:19-21 urges us, "Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth... But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven." This heavenly treasure is often interpreted as spiritual wealth, but I believe it speaks to the importance of securing our earthly wealth as well. Traditionally, trusts and institutions have acted as "heavenly vaults," safeguarding wealth for future generations. These structures are often established for causes beyond one person's selfish interests, requiring immense diligence and coordination. Bitcoin, however, offers us something unprecedented: the power to create our own "heavenly institutions" without intermediaries or central authorities. Multisignature wallets, requiring multiple keys to authorize transactions, provide a secure, transparent way for families or groups to manage their wealth collectively. Yet, even with such a powerful tool at our disposal, many families struggle to establish these "heavenly institutions." Take my own experience as an example. I diligently set up a multisig wallet with my family, envisioning a shared Bitcoin treasury. We made initial deposits, tested transactions, and established protocols. But despite my best efforts, the project fizzled out. Some family members lost interest, wallets were deleted, and keys were lost. This highlights the profound truth in Proverbs 21:5. Even with the best intentions and tools, diligence is paramount. Building and maintaining a "heavenly institution" – whether it's a family trust or a multisig wallet – requires ongoing commitment, communication, and education.  But the potential rewards are immense. By overcoming the inertia and embracing the diligence required, we can create lasting legacies, ensuring our wealth transcends generations and contributes to a brighter future. Bitcoin makes this possible for everyone, democratizing the tools of wealth preservation and offering a path towards a "heaven on earth" for our descendants. So, let's not just be holders of Bitcoin, but builders of a new financial paradigm. Let's embrace the diligence required to create "heavenly institutions," and in doing so, build a brighter future for ourselves and generations to come.

@ c7eda660:efd97c86

[Bitvora](https://bitvora.com) is a unified Bitcoin & Lightning rail. A single API with no infrastructure overhead. So you don’t have to go through this:  App engineers and product people, this is for you: two lines of code—bitcoin sent. https://i.nostr.build/8Wp3jNhqHcml3pxl.gif [Bitvora](https://bitvora.com) makes on-chain and Lightning payments simple, fast, and friction-free. I’ll be at [The Bitcoin Conference](https://bitcoin2024.b.tc/2024) in Nashville next week, and I’d love to give you a sneak peek of the product. We’ll be in an invite-only beta. **If you’ll be in town, DM me or leave a reply below to set up a meeting.** I can’t wait to show you what we've built.

@ a9434ee1:d5c885be

What makes Nostr and Bitcoin so extremely exciting to me, as a designer, is that they offer an entirely new design space. Something we never had before. Something that we can, for the first time ever, call… A Free Market. And not just that, but one where everyone speaks the same language. One that acknowledges that Sovereignty doesn’t go that far without Interoperability. Since this is literally a first, it seems terribly naïve to assume that we can just copy what works for Big Tech’s walled gardens and add some Freedom sauce on top. I’ve been sketching out things like “Twitter but with Zaps”, “Youtube but with many algo’s”, “Patreon but with Bitcoin”, etc... for long enough to realize the harsh limits of such an approach. Instead I’ve found it more fruitful to start by looking at the characteristics of this new digital, interoperable free market and, only then, look for similar existing benchmarks that can serve as inspiration. Because the convergence of the various Freedom Tech protocols (Nostr, Bitcoin, Cashu, …) are such a huge game changer for online monetization specifically, it seems even more naïve to just start copying Big Tech on that front, without proper examination. If we did just play copycat, Monthly Subscriptions and Paywalls would be the obvious answer. This article dives into why they’re not. ## Free as in Competition In a free market, it’s going to be hard for you to set a price if you don’t have something scarce to sell. Unlike in a Big Tech walled garden, there’s no one blocking competitors from entering the market. That includes competitors that offer your stuff! If what you create can easily be copied, it will. Yes, Content creators, FOSS devs, Designers, … that’s you. Charging for your article, podcast, app or movie doesn’t end well when people can find a free upload right next to yours. Open protocols remove the friction of having to go PirateBay for that sort of stuff. Luckily, they also remove the friction for people to value your content directly (#V4V Zaps) and for you to launch unique and scarce products related to what you do (Community, Merch, …). Even if you have a scarce product to sell though, Nostr sets the bar lower than ever for others to start competing with your product. Every part of your product! Interoperability breaks products and services down to their constituents and opens up every layer of the stack to competition. Currently most SAAS business models are basically very expensive monthly subscriptions for some hosting and computation. And guess what Nostr is extremely good at → Discovering and switching providers of hosting and computation. In a competitive context like that, you need a monetization model that lets you adapt fast. If you choose to monetize with monthly subscriptions, you’ll be updating your subscription tiers every month, if not every week, just to remain competitive. If that’s the case, then what’s the point? Why not just have a cash price list? ## Free as in Volatile The reality of a free market is that price-discovery never takes a break. This is especially true for a market that uses a money that is still being discovered as money by 99% of the world. A money that, just like Nostr, only saw the light of day because its creators saw total chaos ahead without it. Bitcoin and Nostr do #fixthemoney and do #fixtheinternet, but all that fixing isn’t exactly taking us on a smooth ride. Smooth rides are stable rides, stable prices, stable amounts of locked-in users, stable ties with the state, etc… They are everything Freedom Tech is taking us on exciting journey away from. Again, adaptability is key and your business model needs to reflect that. Monthly subscriptions don’t handle volatility well. It takes a lot of confidence, extremely loyal customers and liquid reserves to survive bumpy roads. That’s a lot of capital that probably has better uses. Better uses that Big Tech monopolies can ignore, but your competitors won’t. ## Free as in “Number Go Up” Denominating your subscriptions in “stable” fiat-currencies isn’t going to help neither. The mental cost for customers is only low as long you don’t have juggle more than 21 subscriptions. (yes, I completely made up that number but it’s somewhere around that, so bear with me). Given that Subscription Hell is already a thing in Fiat-land once you go beyond that number, just try to imagine the amount of subscriptions you’d be handling in Nostr-land. Your 1 Netflix subscription suddenly became 6, to different service providers, plus 20 to all your favorite creators. Then add the subscriptions for all other internet use cases you can think of. Then add some more for the ones that you can’t even imagine yet. This is not an overstatement. It is very very unlikely that your service happens to be the only one that subscriptions would work for. If they appear to work for you, every competitor or similar use case will be copying that model in no time. So if they work, there would be a loooot of subscriptions. That’s also a looot of: - recurring payments to forget about - different time periods to oversee - extra effort to go and unsubscribe or switch tiers - users thinking ‘I didn’t even really use this!” - users also thinking “What am I paying for exactly?” In short, that’s asking for frustrated, disappointed and confused customers. These subscriptions would then also need to be handled on top of all the #V4V Zaps and cash payments that are inevitably happening as well. Unlike Big Tech products you don’t get to just pick Subscriptions as the only option. You will have to be optimizing both the Wallet and Social UX/UI for all of these types of payments. Something I naïvely tried and quickly gave up on. It overcrowds interfaces, makes different applications less interoperable and creates a very confusing user experience. And if you denominate everything in fiat, you add even more confusion since the Zaps from others are denominated in Bitcoin. That suddenly makes them variable from the fiat-denominator’s perspective. Other denominations work when you only have two parties (f.e. seller and buyer), not when you have groups of people zapping away at an article. For #V4V to gain traction zappers need recognition. If it’s completely variable, and thus unclear, who the top zappers of a piece of content are or if the biggest patrons of a creator are only visible if you go to some specific subscriber dashboard, you’re creating confusion and diluting recognition. Zaps are awesome, nearly universally implemented, very simple to design for and they might just be enough. We’re mostly still early. Creators can’t even reply to Zaps yet. The first prototypes for frictionless Cashu zaps are only just coming out. Let’s explore all that further before we start adding subscriptions to the UI, the users’ mental load and the app developers endless list of “things to implement”. If the current zap-rate of daily Nostr users (myself included) tells me anything, it’s that sending around small payments all the time isn’t really the issue. The mental cost for the user happens mostly at the level of: ”How the f*ck do I keep track of all this?” “How do I fit this in with my regular monthly expenses?” Subscriptions are only one answer to this. If they happen to still somehow solve the above issues for some use cases, we still have to find solutions anyway for the micro-payments side of things. My point is thus mainly: we might as well start there and, who knows, we don’t even need subscriptions. Or at least not as a standard to strive towards. No one is stopping you from using time-based pricing for things that are actually time-based or from creating micro-apps that let you set up recurring zaps and other fun stuff like that. Just don’t promise creators and merchants that they can base their business models on them. If you’re talking to people that will only consider Freedom Tech if they can have the stability of a group of monthly subscribers, you’re probably not talking to the right people (yet!). Freedom Tech = Responsibility Tech. Both seller and buyers need tools that help them take that responsibility. Especially regarding payments, the currently available tools are far from optimal and have barely scratched the surface of what’s possible in the interoperable ocean of possibilities. I say this more as an invitation than as a complaint of course. We are — yes, I’m saying it again — sooooo early. So how can we help buyers be responsible while “not having to think about every little payment”? For rich npubs on a network denominated in #NGU technology the answer can be quite simple: They simply don’t have to really think about it. In fact, poor npubs neither as long they can set a spending budget and have great tools and transparency to help them manage it. They need something a bit like their “lives left” in a video game. Or something that resembles envelope budgeting: like going to the farmers market with only a limited amount of cash. ## Talking about farmers markets Let’s look at what currently comes close to an interoperable free market in meat-space: Restaurant & Farmers markets. - No one has copyrights on pizza Margherita or chicken eggs - Entering the market is relatively cheap (food trucks, farmer stands, …) - Customers can pick and choose where they get “every layer of the stack” (drinks here, main dish there and ice cream over there)  Now look at how these businesses monetize: - Cash price lists - Discounts (for special occasions, loyal customers, ..) - Bundles (lunch menus, vegetable baskets, …) Both restaurant owners and farmers have been trying out monthly subscriptions since forever, mostly because it would benefit them. But in places with high competition this has had exactly zero success. What did have success is services that bundle farmers market food items for you and deliver it at your doorstep on a weekly basis. That’s what lower mental cost looks like. Ironically, these services often started out with the monthly subscription model and have had to switch because customers needed more flexibility. Now, in their apps, they let users pick what day they want what, at what price. And these apps are not even Nostr yet. ## Talking about Nostr markets Nostr markets are not exactly farmers markets of course. But that is mostly good news. Nostr, Bitcoin and Cashu, in particular, remove a lot of the friction that cash still has in the physical world. They enable seamless micro-payments. That’s an innovation worth embracing, not something to hide away behind subscriptions. Embracing micro-payments means that every little thing can have a real-time price. A price that, once payed, you never have to think about again. And some, if not most, micro-payments are so micro that you don’t have to really think about them in the first place. Especially if we’re talking about recurring events (pun intended). If a chat message in a certain Community costs 2 sats, after your third message your added mental cost will likely be close to zero. At that point, the price is mostly a matter of transparency, fairness and spam prevention. When the Admin suddenly changes this price to 1000 sats however, you will need to think twice about posting such a message. But again, that is a good thing. That’s exactly what the Admin is monetizing. He is curating for high signal content and conversations around a certain interest. His price list is one of his top tools for doing so. You pay him for being able to publish in his unique community. You “Pay Per Use” of that Community as a broadcasting channel for your messages, articles, videos, … You know everyone else does too. Using monthly subscriptions for such a community would just invite abuse and poor quality. It would be like an all-you-can-eat restaurant where everyone has an infinite stomach size, you’re all at the same table and only the loudest screamers get heard. So the Admin would put limits on what you specifically get for your subscription (100 messages per month, 210MB of hosting, etc etc…). The members would then demand flexibility or go elsewhere. The admin would then provide different tiers. Yet, most members would still need flexibility more than they need flat rate monthly pricing. At the same time, the Admin’s “Pay Per Use” competitors will still be cheaper. They don’t have the overhead of handling the uncertainty that comes with providing stable pricing for several months. Trying their offer out is also way cheaper than immediately having to pay a subscription. The admin, on the other hand, cannot really offer free trials if he doesn’t have the locked-in users to pay for them. In the end, just like restaurants, the Admin will switch to “Pay Per Use” and will use discounts and bundles to his advantage. As long as users have great tools to keep an eye their spending, this sort of outcome is a win-win for the whole ecosystem. What users tend to like most about monthly subscriptions for something is the guarantee that they will not exceed XXX amount of money on that thing for the month. Nothing is stopping us from building tools that provide the same guarantee without the complications of handling monthly subscriptions. Since most Bitcoin wallets are not daily-spending wallets and most Nostr projects aren’t monetizing yet, hardly any attention has been spent on tools like this. They all copied bank apps and display your total amount of money and a chronological feed of your transaction history. There are several problems with this: 1. You don’t want to openly showcase your total balance to everyone around you when you open the app 2. Your total balance shows “everything you have”. That is a terrible benchmark for determining “what you can sustainably spend”. 3. It’s also a terrible benchmark for determining “what you earned this month” 4. Micro-payments make a chronological feed of all your transactions completely unusable 5. Zaps make a lot of your transactions social. Zaps and eCash blur the line between money and message. And messages require interaction that transactions don’t. I think we can do better. So, let’s try! ## Cash Budgets Just like the previously mentioned “lives” in a game or the cash in your wallet for a night out, the first thing users will want to see is “How much do I have left?”. Since most people organize their budgets per month we can more specifically turn this into “How much do I have left this month?”. This means we need to allow users to set a monthly budget in the first place. Once that budget is set for the month, it facilitates all the rest. This budget is their subscription now. Their Nostr subscription. An interoperable subscription they can interact with in any trusted app.  And the best part: They pick the price. They’re taking their responsibility and lowering their mental cost with one action. Now, you can start playing with wallet and home screen Interfaces that show the user at a glance: - What they’ve got left to spend for that month - What they already spent - What they earned (relative to that budget and/or a specific earnings goal) I’m currently exploring this design space myself and the extent to which Freedom Tech budgeting can be gamified in novel ways will make TikTok look boring.  > Some baby UI steps in this direction But that’s just the budget part of course. We still need non-intrusive ways to display all these little price-tags for things if we’re not hiding them away behind a subscription. The good news is that, when it comes to movies, music, articles, posts, FOSS apps and all other types of information that can easily be copied, it doesn’t have a price tag. It just has people zapping it. People that can use a lot more context and recognition than they currently get. (showing top zappers everywhere and letting creators reply to zaps being just a humble start for that) For the stuff that does have price-tag, even the most obvious answer isn’t as bad I though it would be: Just put it on the button. The bigger the sum, the bigger the button.  eCash is what can make all of this work as a one-button action anyway, removing most of the friction. A budget, on the other hand, is what can remove most of the worrying. Color indications, permission prompts for higher amounts, etc etc… can all work in tandem for this. With these examples I’m mostly trying to give you an idea of what is still left largely unexplored territory. A territory that we will have to go and explore in any case. A territory where Communities are easier to monetize then Content is. A territory where I can count the current number of active designers on both hands. A territory that can desperately use a Design Community. You can guess twice what’s next on my todo-list….

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

*Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/611566/r/Undisciplined* @ek makes an appearance on the leaderboard and Warren Buffet makes an impressively foolish statement that will likely live on for eternity. *Bookkeeping note: I've gotten more zaps the past few days, so I'm going to bump my zaps to top posts and comments up to 69. It would be nice to just be able to forward sats to more than 5 people.* * * - ### July 18, 2023 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[Phoenix Beta Wallet Migration](https://stacker.news/items/211009/r/Undisciplined)** #### Excerpt > As you may already know since it was mentioned on SN [here](https://stacker.news/items/207349), Phoenix released a new blog post last week to announce the new Phoenix wallet: [a 3rd generation self-custodial Lightning wallet](https://acinq.co/blog/ph […] *3519 sats \ 14 comments \ @ek \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/210873/r/Undisciplined?commentId=210963** #### Excerpt > A mining node can only "censor" any block it mines. A miner with huge percent of hashrate could mine 6 blocks in a row somewhat regularly. *2819 sats \ 0 replies \ @nullcount* From **[Can Bitcoin miners that are routing nodes exploit their peers/channel partners?](https://stacker.news/items/210873/r/Undisciplined)** by @02ca839694 in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 2nd place **@ek** (1st hiding, presumed @siggy47) *1637 stacked \ 2261 spent \ 1 post \ 6 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *58.9k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 70.9k spent \ 94 posts \ 264 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 18, 2022 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[What do I need this bitcoin for? 🔦](https://stacker.news/items/46555/r/Undisciplined)** #### Excerpt > Famous investor Warren Buffett recently said: > #### *"If you offered me all the bitcoins in the world for $25, I wouldn't take it."* *112.5k sats \ 29 comments \ @hynek \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/46555/r/Undisciplined?commentId=46604** #### Excerpt > I am really starting to get tired of the bitcoin isn't an inflation hedge, lol it stops you from dilution IN THE BITCOIN network, it doesn't control whats going on in secondary markets, gosh everytime I have to explain that one it does my head in lol […] *564 sats \ 2 replies \ @TheBTCManual* From **[What do I need this bitcoin for? 🔦](https://stacker.news/items/46555/r/Undisciplined)** by @hynek in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 1st place **@cryptocoin** *618 stacked \ 375 spent \ 5 posts \ 25 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *119.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 124.9k spent \ 60 posts \ 194 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 18, 2021 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[All-time Bitcoin price chart (fork of zorinaq's)](https://stacker.news/items/387/r/Undisciplined)** Link to https://price.bublina.eu.org/ *546.3k sats \ 4 comments \ @spain \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/325/r/Undisciplined?commentId=386** #### Excerpt > Sure. To answer such questions you definitely need JavaScript client-side analytics. But there may be some open source libraries for that? But surely it may be easier to use a ready-made 3rd party one, just wondering how much it can cost. *1 sat \ 1 reply \ @spain* From **[Opinions on analytics for Stacker News?](https://stacker.news/items/325/r/Undisciplined)** by @k00b in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 1st place **@spain** *7 stacked \ 6 spent \ 1 post \ 2 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *40 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 78 spent \ 6 posts \ 16 comments* originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612715

@ 8f69ac99:4f92f5fd

A noção de que "os ricos estão a ficar mais ricos e os pobres estão a ficar mais pobres" tornou-se uma narrativa generalizada, frequentemente perpetuada por manchetes sensacionalistas e análises superficiais. No entanto, um exame mais detalhado revela que este mito é construído sobre uma série de equívocos sobre a natureza do capitalismo, intervencionismo governamental e progresso humano. ## A Maré Alta Levanta Todos os Barcos Embora seja verdade que a desigualdade de riqueza persiste, é essencial reconhecer que o capitalismo tem sido historicamente o único sistema económico que eleva o padrão de vida de todos, incluindo os pobres. A capacidade do mercado livre de criar incentivos, promover a inovação e alocar recursos de forma eficiente levou a um crescimento económico sem precedentes e a melhores padrões de vida. Num sistema capitalista, a criação de riqueza não é apenas domínio dos ricos; também beneficia a classe média e os pobres. À medida que as empresas crescem e prosperam, criam novos empregos, oportunidades e serviços que podem tirar as pessoas da pobreza. A proliferação de pequenas empresas, startups e empreendedorismo na Europa, tal como nos Estados Unidos, fomentou uma cultura de inovação e auto-aperfeiçoamento que transcende classes sociais. Considere o exemplo da Europa pós-guerra. O Plano Marshall, que injectou enormes quantias de capital em economias devastadas pela guerra, é frequentemente creditado como a base para a rápida recuperação económica e crescimento. Este boom económico viu o surgimento de uma classe média robusta e reduções significativas na pobreza em todo o continente. ## Intervencionismo é uma Barreira à Mobilidade Económica No entanto, é crucial reconhecer que não vivemos numa sociedade puramente capitalista ou numa verdadeira economia de mercado livre. O intervencionismo governamental muitas vezes desempenha um papel significativo na definição dos resultados económicos, criando barreiras que impedem os pobres e a classe média de prosperar. Esta intervenção pode distorcer a dinâmica do mercado, levando a ineficiências e oportunidades desiguais para o avanço económico. Desde tarifas comerciais a leis laborais, as políticas governamentais podem sufocar o empreendedorismo, limitar a concorrência e reduzir a mobilidade económica. Em muitos países europeus, a elevada tributação e regulamentos rigorosos podem impedir o crescimento dos negócios e a inovação. A concentração de riqueza e poder nas mãos de poucos indivíduos ou famílias pode perpetuar desigualdades sociais e económicas, frequentemente exacerbadas por políticas governamentais que favorecem interesses estabelecidos. ## Padrão de Vida Sem Precedentes É essencial colocar o estado actual das coisas em perspectiva histórica. Comparado a apenas 100 anos atrás, as pessoas hoje são mais ricas, saudáveis e melhor educadas do que nunca. Os avanços tecnológicos em medicina, educação e comunicação melhoraram significativamente a qualidade de vida. Tome, por exemplo, a ampla disponibilidade de smartphones, que democratizou o acesso à informação e oportunidades. Reis e rainhas de antigamente só podiam sonhar em ter tais capacidades tecnológicas ao seu dispor. De facto, muitas pessoas hoje desfrutam de um padrão de vida que anteriormente era reservado para a elite. Os avanços na saúde, como vacinas e antibióticos, aumentaram drasticamente a esperança de vida e reduziram as taxas de mortalidade. Considere o caso da Suécia, onde inovações tecnológicas e políticas sociais têm trabalhado em conjunto para criar um dos mais altos padrões de vida do mundo. Este progresso é um testemunho de como o capitalismo, combinado com uma governação ponderada, pode melhorar a prosperidade geral. ## Eficiência vs. Inflação A inovação e os avanços tecnológicos tornaram os processos de produção muito mais eficientes, levando a aumentos significativos na produção e reduções nos custos de produção. Por exemplo, um agricultor nos anos 60 podia produzir alimentos suficientes para alimentar cerca de 25 pessoas, enquanto hoje, devido aos avanços na tecnologia agrícola, um único agricultor pode alimentar mais de 150 pessoas. Este aumento drástico na produtividade deveria resultar em preços mais baixos dos alimentos devido à natureza deflacionária da tecnologia. No entanto, apesar destas eficiências, os preços dos bens não viram uma correspondente queda. Em vez disso, temos uma economia inflacionária, em grande parte devido à interferência do governo e às políticas dos bancos centrais. As políticas monetárias dos bancos centrais, como a flexibilização quantitativa e as baixas taxas de juros, juntamente com as intervenções governamentais, levaram a um aumento da oferta de dinheiro e a uma maior demanda, o que contribui para a inflação. Tome o exemplo dos preços dos alimentos: enquanto os avanços tecnológicos aumentaram significativamente a produtividade agrícola, o preço dos alimentos continuou a subir. Esta discrepância pode ser atribuída a factores como subsídios, tarifas e políticas monetárias que distorcem a dinâmica do mercado e contribuem para a inflação dos preços, negando os benefícios deflacionários do progresso tecnológico. ## Conclusão: Uma Perspectiva Equilibrada sobre a Distribuição de Riqueza Em conclusão, a noção de que "os ricos estão a ficar mais ricos e os pobres estão a ficar mais pobres" é uma simplificação que ignora as complexidades do capitalismo, intervencionismo governamental e progresso humano. Embora seja verdade que a desigualdade de riqueza persiste, é essencial reconhecer os benefícios do capitalismo na promoção do crescimento económico e melhores padrões de vida. Ao reconhecer o papel do intervencionismo governamental na definição dos resultados económicos e destacar o padrão de vida sem precedentes de que muitos desfrutam hoje, podemos trabalhar para criar uma sociedade mais equitativa e próspera para todos. É hora de ir além das narrativas simplistas e, em vez disso, focar em políticas que promovam a mobilidade económica, o empreendedorismo e a inovação – elevando assim a maré de prosperidade para todos. --- _Photo by [Lea Kobal](https://unsplash.com/@leyko?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/text-xv8WVSrzDuk?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash)_

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🚔 La Corea del Sud potrebbe rinviare l'introduzione della tassa del 20% sulle criptovalute, favorendo così il mercato. 🚑 Tasse rimandate al 2028? 🚔 Il parlamento della Corea del Sud ha manifestato l'intenzione di posticipare ulteriormente l'implementazione di una tassazione del 20% sui guadagni da criptovalute, ora potenzialmente fino al 2028. Questo potrebbe stimolare ulteriori acquisti in uno dei mercati più attivi del settore crypto. 🚑 Un favore al mercato crypto 🚔 La notizia del possibile rinvio ha effetti positivi sui prezzi delle criptovalute. La Corea del Sud, uno dei principali mercati crypto, potrebbe vedere un aumento degli investimenti grazie a un regime di tassazione meno oneroso. Tale misura è in linea con le promesse elettorali del partito attualmente al potere, che ha mostrato maggiore apertura verso il settore crypto. 🚑 Conferme attese a fine mese 🚔 La decisione finale spetta al Ministero delle Finanze, che dovrebbe pubblicare eventuali emendamenti al codice fiscale entro la fine del mese. Se confermata, questa notizia, unita all'arrivo degli ETF su Ethereum, rappresenterebbe un'importante spinta positiva per il mercato delle criptovalute. Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #Corea #SudCorea #Tassazione #Transazioni #Investimenti #Mercato #Ethereum #ETF #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ fce4177b:f504cdc8

Hi all! Lately I've been working on a small python project to try approaching the pathfinding problem in lightning as a Min-cost network flow problem. I know Renè Pickhardt already used this approach in order to prove the superiority of the Zero base fee approach, in fact I read his papers and got the gist of it. Now I'm trying to model the problem mathematically - using the pyomo package in python - but I came up with a question that I couldn't find an answer for: **in a multi-path payment (MPP), can two HTLCs go though the same channel?** More specifically, I'm interested in understanding if the following situation can happen or not: ``` Nodes = {S, A, B, C, E, F, G, I, D} # S source, D destination ``` With S being the source node (aka the payer), D being the destination node (aka the payee). The scope of the question does not include considerations about base or rate fees. Node S computes the optimal path that minimises the fees for an amount and finds out that the optimal choice is to execute a MPP that follows this path(s): ``` B E A -> -> -> G -> D C F h0 h1 h2 h3 h4 ``` where the first two hops (h1 and h2) see two parallel payments going on, then at the hop h3 the MPP converges to the node G and then procedes with the last hop to destination. As far as I know, in classical MPP the preimage is the same for every parallel path (correct me if I'm wrong), thus I'm wondering if that thing is possible or not. Moreover, if there was an another hop such that: ``` B E A -> I -> -> -> G -> D C F h0 h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 ``` would that be possible too? That meaning two HTLCs flowing in the same channel for the first hop, then splitting and the riconverging. Hope the question is clear enough, otherwise I'm open to clarifications. Thanks! originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612642

@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5

## Food, Files, and Foot Care Yesterday was a typical day in the life of a digital nomad, filled with a mix of work, unexpected interruptions, and a bit of exploration. Let’s start with food, because who doesn’t love a good meal? While engrossed in formatting my first USB stick, a delicious surprise arrived at my desk: Indian-style rice with vegetables. It was a delightful interruption to my tech-focused evening. Check out this photo of the mouthwatering dinner!  After dinner, I retreated to my room and to end my day with some podcasts and music. Today, I’m focused on formatting more USB sticks and deciding on the best file system. I'm torn between F2FS, exFAT, and UDF. Any suggestions? Let me know in the comments! Beyond the tech world, my foot is slowly recovering, but I’m still hesitant to venture into the dusty streets of africa. I’m playing it safe to avoid any potential infections. While searching for internet yesterday, I stumbled upon a charming local cafe (Check out my post from yesterday). They had this incredible wood carving that simply said "Coffee". It was too good not to capture. Tanzania has made significant strides in the past year and a half, and I'm impressed with the progress. Could it be the next tourist hotspot? Only time will tell, but the people here are certainly working hard to build a brighter future.  That’s it for today. I’ll spend the rest of the day organizing my digital life. As a nomad, managing storage is a constant challenge. It feels like playing a complex game of chess. Hope you all have a fantastic day! Greetings from Kilimanjaro! ---  *What filesystem is the best choice for a USB Stick and an external SSD?* ## Online [Profile Page](https://rubenstorm.de.cool/) | [Support Page](https://rubenstorm.12hp.de/) > Feel free to support me by sending some sats via the lightning network to rubenstorm@sats.mobi

@ 1e52c554:21771908

### Obra póstuma del poeta colombiano nacido en Don Matías el 20 de enero de 1948. Bienvenidos a este blog dedicado a la obra póstuma del poeta colombiano Francisco Luis Arroyave Tabares (mi padre), nacido en Don Matías el 20 de enero de 1948-2010. Aquí estaré publicando cada uno de los 175 sonetos de su colección inédita ‘Sonetos para el siglo XXI y un Festival Circadiano (1984-1987) En este blog, compartiré las traducciones de los sonetos que he estado publicando. Mi objetivo es dar a conocer al público hispanohablante el legado de este colombiano, quien escribió una de las colecciones más grandes de sonetos en inglés. El escritor siempre enfatizo que al traducir los sonetos sonarian tan natural que no se sentiria que estan escritos con toda la estructura en lengua inglesa. Espero que disfruten de este jardín de palabras arrancadas de la soledad de una habitación cerrada. Frank Duna ----------- ### Soneto 1 por Francisco Luis Arroyave Tabares ``` Donde Abunda el Consenso En días escasos no pude escribir versos Ni encontrar palabras un poco cerca de mi pensamiento Y ni un arte u otra forma tan correcta Podría mostrar bien lo que mi corazón gustaba o luchaba. A menudo con rimas condenatorias yo apedreo Otras mentes que piensan que sus modales son los mejores Pero juro que quiero que todo el odio se vaya de mí Porque el odio fermenta y puede corromper el resto. Hazme responsable de los males que encuentres Y con ojos perspicaces soporta mis luces y oscuridad Llama a mi pluma la herramienta de un rústico siervo Y por favor lee mis lágrimas de su marca humana. De esta manera, tonos más altos pueden surgir en las nubes Para reunir fuerza donde abunda el consenso. *** Anotaciones: 11-. Hind = un trabajador agrícola hábil o sirviente. ``` Análisis “Donde Abunda el Consenso” ### Estructura y Forma El poema sigue la estructura de un soneto shakespeariano, compuesto por 14 versos con un esquema de rima específico ABABCDCDEFEFGG. Cada línea está escrita predominantemente en pentámetro yámbico, un patrón métrico común en los sonetos en inglés, que ayuda a crear un flujo rítmico y melódico. ### Esquema de Rima El primer cuarteto (líneas 1-4): ABAB El segundo cuarteto (líneas 5-8): CDCD El tercer cuarteto (líneas 9-12): EFEF El pareado final (líneas 13-14): GG ### Análisis Temático - **Expresión y Lucha:** En el cuarteto inicial, el poeta expresa la dificultad de encontrar palabras que capten adecuadamente sus pensamientos y emociones. Los versos transmiten una sensación de frustración y limitación, sugiriendo que ni el arte ni cualquier otro medio pueden representar completamente las complejidades de los deseos y luchas de su corazón. - **Crítica y Auto-reflexión:** El segundo cuarteto revela la conciencia del poeta sobre sus propias tendencias a juzgar y condenar a otros a través de su poesía. La metáfora de "apedrear" con "rimas condenatorias" destaca la naturaleza agresiva de su crítica. Sin embargo, el poeta también expresa un deseo de deshacerse del odio, reconociendo su efecto corrosivo tanto en uno mismo como en la comunidad en general. - **Vulnerabilidad y Humanidad:** En el tercer cuarteto, el poeta invita a los lectores a examinar sus fallos ("los males que encuentres") con ojos perspicaces. Describe su pluma como una herramienta simple ("la herramienta de un campesino hábil"), enfatizando la humildad y una conexión con la humanidad común. La solicitud de "leer en mis lágrimas su marca humana" subraya la vulnerabilidad del poeta y la autenticidad de su expresión emocional. - **Esperanza y Unidad:** El pareado final lleva el poema a una conclusión esperanzadora, imaginando el surgimiento de "tonos más elevados" en las nubes metafóricas. Esta imaginería sugiere el potencial de crecimiento, inspiración y fuerza que se puede encontrar en la unidad y el consenso. El poeta implica que al abrazar la empatía y la comprensión, puede surgir una colectividad más armoniosa y poderosa. - **Lenguaje y Dicción:** El lenguaje del poema es formal y reflexivo, con una atención cuidadosa a la elección de palabras. Frases como "rimas condenatorias," "el odio fermenta," y "campesino hábil" enriquecen el texto con imágenes vívidas y profundidad metafórica. La dicción ayuda a transmitir la lucha interna del poeta y sus aspiraciones, así como los temas más amplios de empatía y unidad. - **Imaginería y Simbolismo:** Apedrear con rimas: Representa el daño que las palabras duras pueden infligir a otros. Fermenta el odio: Simboliza cómo el odio puede crecer y extenderse, corrompiendo todo lo que toca. Tonos más elevados que surgen en nubes: Sugiere el potencial elevador y unificador del consenso y la comprensión mutua. - **Conclusión:** El "Soneto 1" de Francisco Luis Arroyave Tabares es una meditación conmovedora sobre los desafíos de la autoexpresión, los peligros del juicio y el odio, y la esperanzadora posibilidad de la unidad a través de la empatía. La forma estructurada del poema, su rica imaginería y su lenguaje reflexivo se combinan para crear una exploración poderosa de la condición humana y el poder transformador del consenso. ### Soneto original: ``` Soneto 1 by Francisco Luis Arroyave Tabares Where Consensus Abounds In days this is sparce no verses I could write Nor find words a little close to my thought And not an art or other way so right Could display well what my heart liked or fought. Often times with condemning rhymes I stone Other minds which think their manners are best But I swear that hate I want from me all gone Because hate yeasts and may corrupt the rest. Account for me the evils that you find And with insight eyes bear my lights and dark Call my pen the tool of a rustic hind 11 And please read my tears of their human mark. This way loftier hues may rise in clouds To gather strength where consensus abounds. *** 11-. Hind = a skilled farm worker or servant. ``` ----------- ### “Sonetos para el Siglo XXI y un Festival Circadiano” escrito por Francisco Luis Arroyave Tabares (1984-1987) copyright1989 ----------- Imagen por Frank Duna (Bahia de Santa Marta) 

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

日本の財務省が木曜日に発表した公式データは、6月の日本の輸出が7か月連続で増加したことを示した。 また、中国向け半導体装置輸出の好調により、日本の対中輸出も7か月連続で前年同月比増加を達成した。 日本の輸出は７カ月連続で増加した。 速報データによると、6月の日本の輸出総額は前年同期比5.4％増の9.2兆円（約587億米ドル）、輸入総額は8.9兆円（約568億米ドル）に達した。 3.2％と3か月連続の増加となった。 円安により日本の輸出は増加する一方、輸入は減少したため、今年上半期の日本の貿易赤字は前年同期のほぼ半分の3兆2000億円にまで減少した。 今年6月には、日本のチップ関連製品の輸出が増加し、半導体製造装置の輸出が前年比37.9％増と極めて好調であったほか、コンピュータなどの輸入も22％増加した。製品は48.5％増加し、電気機械の輸入は37.6％増加した。 輸出先をみると、半導体製造装置の輸出が引き続き増加していることから、日本の対中国輸出は6月に前年同月比7.2％増と7か月連続で増加した。 6月の米国向け輸出額は前年同月比11％増の1兆9,000億円に達したが、日本の6月のアジア向け輸出総額は前年比7.7％増となったが、欧州連合向け輸出は前年比13.4％減となった。 -年。 しかし、6月の日本の輸出額は増加したが、輸出量は6.2％減少した。これは、日本の輸出全体の増加の原因が需要の増加ではなく、価格の上昇によるものであることを示している。また、6月の日本の輸入量は8.9％減少した。前年比%。 日本銀行が先週発表した速報値によると、円安の影響を受け、6月の日本の輸出品価格（円換算）は前年同月比10.4％上昇し、輸入は9.5％増加した。 ニッセイ基礎研究所の斉藤太郎主任研究員は「輸出入量の増加は基本的に円安による輸出入価格の上昇によるもの」と分析する。 日本の輸出台数低迷の理由の一部は、ここ数カ月間、トヨタやマツダを含む日本の大手自動車メーカー５社の不正行為が摘発され、日本の自動車輸出に影響を与えていることだと斉藤氏は予想する。景気が回復すれば、輸出もある程度回復すると思います。」 斉藤太郎氏も「日本の半導体輸出が堅調なのは、世界的なITサイクルが改善し、日本の国内生産と輸出が成長しているからだ」と考えている。 世界半導体貿易統計機関が今月発表した修正予測によると、世界の半導体市場は今年16％成長すると予想されている。 この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap 日本のホスティングサービス Linux、Windowsクラウドホスティング データストレージ JPStream を使用して NOSTR リレーを作成する ホスティング サービスの料金をSatsで支払うことができます https://jpstream.net

@ 1c6b3be3:73f0ae6f

### <img src="https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?sz=32&domain=www.nobsbitcoin.com" width="32" height="32" /> Releases - No Bullshit Bitcoin [Phoenix Android v2.3.4: Fixes & Improvements](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/phoenix-android-v2-3-4/) Phoenix Wallet version 2.3.4 for Android has been released with fixes and improvements. It resolves a compatibility issue with some BOLT12 offers, enhances support for BIP-353 and BIP-21, and allows payer-key behavior to be set per contact. Invalid BIP-353 address error messages are also improved, and BIP-21 URI support now includes handling lno offer parameters. Payer-key behavior when paying an unknown offer is consistently using a random payer key. The global option for payer key in Settings > Payment options has been removed. More details can be found in the GitHub repo. ### 🍵 "btc | bitcoin | lightning network | asic" - Google News [StarkWare verifies zero-knowledge proof on Bitcoin test network - The Block](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiRWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRoZWJsb2NrLmNvL3Bvc3QvMzA1ODMyL3N0YXJrd2FyZS1iaXRjb2luLXRlc3QtbmV0d29yay16a9IBSWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRoZWJsb2NrLmNvL2FtcC9wb3N0LzMwNTgzMi9zdGFya3dhcmUtYml0Y29pbi10ZXN0LW5ldHdvcmstems?oc=5) [StarkWare Verifies Zero-Knowledge Proof on Bitcoin’s Test Network - The Defiant - DeFi News](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiaGh0dHBzOi8vdGhlZGVmaWFudC5pby9uZXdzL2Jsb2NrY2hhaW5zL3N0YXJrd2FyZS12ZXJpZmllcy16ZXJvLWtub3dsZWRnZS1wcm9vZi1vbi1iaXRjb2luLXMtdGVzdC1uZXR3b3Jr0gEA?oc=5) [Your Guide To Nostr, The Decentralized Network For Everything - Forbes](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMidGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZvcmJlcy5jb20vc2l0ZXMvZGlnaXRhbC1hc3NldHMvMjAyNC8wNy8xNy95b3VyLWd1aWRlLXRvLW5vc3RyLXRoZS1kZWNlbnRyYWxpemVkLW5ldHdvcmstZm9yLWV2ZXJ5dGhpbmcv0gEA?oc=5) [The Open Network (TON) to launch teleport Bitcoin bridge - CoinJournal](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiVGh0dHBzOi8vY29pbmpvdXJuYWwubmV0L25ld3MvdGhlLW9wZW4tbmV0d29yay10b24tdG8tbGF1bmNoLXRlbGVwb3J0LWJpdGNvaW4tYnJpZGdlL9IBAA?oc=5) [Liquid Federation Matures With Addition of 9 New Members as Bitcoin on Liquid Reaches New Highs - BTC Times](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMicWh0dHBzOi8vYnRjdGltZXMuY29tL2xpcXVpZC1mZWRlcmF0aW9uLW1hdHVyZXMtd2l0aC1hZGRpdGlvbi1vZi05LW5ldy1tZW1iZXJzLWFzLWJ0Yy1vbi1saXF1aWQtcmVhY2hlcy1uZXctaGlnaHMv0gEA?oc=5) [A Zero-Knowledge Proof Is Verified on Bitcoin For The First Time in History - Bitcoin Magazine](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMicWh0dHBzOi8vYml0Y29pbm1hZ2F6aW5lLmNvbS90ZWNobmljYWwvYS16ZXJvLWtub3dsZWRnZS1wcm9vZi1pcy12ZXJpZmllZC1vbi1iaXRjb2luLWZvci10aGUtZmlyc3QtdGltZS1pbi1oaXN0b3J50gEA?oc=5) [StarkWare verifies first zero-knowledge proof on Bitcoin - Cointelegraph](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiV2h0dHBzOi8vY29pbnRlbGVncmFwaC5jb20vbmV3cy9zdGFya3dhcmUtdmVyaWZpZXMtZmlyc3QtemVyby1rbm93bGVkZ2UtcHJvb2Ytb24tYml0Y29pbtIBAA?oc=5) [Bitcoin's 'OP_CAT' Possibilities Teased in StarkWare Test Project - CoinDesk](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiaGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNvaW5kZXNrLmNvbS90ZWNoLzIwMjQvMDcvMTcvYml0Y29pbnMtb3AtY2F0LXBvc3NpYmlsaXRpZXMtdGVhc2VkLWluLXN0YXJrd2FyZS10ZXN0LXByb2plY3Qv0gFsaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29pbmRlc2suY29tL3RlY2gvMjAyNC8wNy8xNy9iaXRjb2lucy1vcC1jYXQtcG9zc2liaWxpdGllcy10ZWFzZWQtaW4tc3Rhcmt3YXJlLXRlc3QtcHJvamVjdC9hbXAv?oc=5) [Bitcoin Bullish Signal: NVT Golden Cross Suggests BTC Oversold - NewsBTC](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiU2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm5ld3NidGMuY29tL2JpdGNvaW4tbmV3cy9iaXRjb2luLWJ1bGxpc2gtbnZ0LWdvbGRlbi1jcm9zcy1idGMtb3ZlcnNvbGQv0gFXaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmV3c2J0Yy5jb20vYml0Y29pbi1uZXdzL2JpdGNvaW4tYnVsbGlzaC1udnQtZ29sZGVuLWNyb3NzLWJ0Yy1vdmVyc29sZC9hbXAv?oc=5) [TON Foundation announces trustless Bitcoin bridge - crypto.news](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiRmh0dHBzOi8vY3J5cHRvLm5ld3MvdG9uLWZvdW5kYXRpb24tYW5ub3VuY2VzLXRydXN0bGVzcy1iaXRjb2luLWJyaWRnZS_SAQA?oc=5) [News Explorer — The Open Network Launching Bitcoin Bridge - Decrypt](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiXmh0dHBzOi8vZGVjcnlwdC5jby9uZXdzLWV4cGxvcmVyP3Bpbm5lZD02Nzk3MzAmdGl0bGU9dGhlLW9wZW4tbmV0d29yay1sYXVuY2hpbmctYml0Y29pbi1icmlkZ2XSAQA?oc=5) [Bitcoin L2s help crypto miners in Asia supplement income with staking - TradingView](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMihQFodHRwczovL3d3dy50cmFkaW5ndmlldy5jb20vbmV3cy9jb2ludGVsZWdyYXBoOmZkOWJkMmM5MjA5NGI6MC1iaXRjb2luLWwycy1oZWxwLWNyeXB0by1taW5lcnMtaW4tYXNpYS1zdXBwbGVtZW50LWluY29tZS13aXRoLXN0YWtpbmcv0gEA?oc=5) [Is The Bitcoin and Crypto Bull Run Back? These 3 Altcoins Are Set to Rip in 2024 ORDI, 99BTC, STX - 99Bitcoins](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMie2h0dHBzOi8vOTliaXRjb2lucy5jb20vbmV3cy9pcy10aGUtYml0Y29pbi1hbmQtY3J5cHRvLWJ1bGwtcnVuLWJhY2stdGhlc2UtMy1hbHRjb2lucy1hcmUtc2V0LXRvLXJpcC1pbi0yMDI0LW9yZGktOTlidGMtc3R4L9IBAA?oc=5)

@ b34b4408:acfb9667

**"ผลกระทบของน้ำยาบ้วนปากต่อจุลชีพในช่องปากและร่างกาย: มุมมองใหม่จากการวิจัยล่าสุด"** ในช่วงหลายทศวรรษที่ผ่านมา น้ำยาบ้วนปากได้กลายเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของกิจวัตรการดูแลสุขภาพช่องปากของคนจำนวนมาก โดยมีจุดประสงค์หลักเพื่อลดกลิ่นปาก ป้องกันฟันผุ และรักษาสุขภาพเหงือก อย่างไรก็ตาม การวิจัยล่าสุดได้เผยให้เห็นถึงผลกระทบที่ไม่คาดคิดของการใช้น้ำยาบ้วนปากเป็นประจำ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งต่อระบบนิเวศของจุลชีพในช่องปากและร่างกาย  การศึกษาล่าสุดที่ตีพิมพ์ในวารสาร Journal of Medical Microbiology เมื่อวันที่ 4 มิถุนายน 2024 โดย J.G.E. Laumen และคณะ ( https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001830 )ได้ศึกษาผลของการใช้น้ำยาบ้วนปาก Listerine Cool Mint เป็นประจำทุกวันต่อจุลชีพในช่องปากและลำคอ  ผลการวิจัยพบว่าการใช้ Listerine เป็นเวลา 3 เดือนทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญในองค์ประกอบของจุลชีพในช่องปากและลำคอ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง การเพิ่มขึ้นของแบคทีเรีย Fusobacterium nucleatum และ Streptococcus anginosus ซึ่งเป็นเชื้อที่ก่อให้เกิดปัญหาสุขภาพหากมีปริมาณมากเกินไป  โดยเชื้อทั้งสองตัวนั้นมีผลต่อสุขภาพดังนี้ Fusobacterium nucleatum: เป็นเชื้อแบคทีเรียที่พบได้ตามปกติในช่องปาก แต่หากมีปริมาณมากเกินไปจะก่อให้เกิดปัญหาได้ มีความเกี่ยวข้องกับโรคปริทันต์ (โรคเหงือกอักเสบ) มีการศึกษาพบความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างเชื้อนี้กับมะเร็งลำไส้ใหญ่ มีส่วนในการกระตุ้นการอักเสบในร่างกาย ซึ่งอาจเชื่อมโยงกับโรคทางระบบอื่นๆ Streptococcus anginosus: เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของกลุ่ม Streptococcus milleri ซึ่งพบได้ในช่องปาก ลำคอ และทางเดินอาหาร โดยปกติไม่ก่อโรค แต่ในบางกรณีอาจกลายเป็นเชื้อฉวยโอกาส สามารถก่อให้เกิดการติดเชื้อในช่องปาก เช่น ฝีในช่องปาก ในกรณีที่รุนแรง ทำให้เกิดการติดเชื้อในกระแสเลือด หรือฝีในอวัยวะภายใน เช่น สมอง ปอด หรือตับ ผลการวิจัยนี้ทำให้เกิดคำถามสำคัญเกี่ยวกับกลไกการทำงานของน้ำยาบ้วนปากและผลกระทบระยะยาวต่อสุขภาพ เมื่อพิจารณาส่วนประกอบหลักของ Listerine Cool Mint (รวมถึง น้ำยาบ้วนปากอื่นๆด้วย) ซึ่งประกอบด้วย 1. น้ำ (เป็นส่วนประกอบหลัก) 2.แอลกอฮอล์ (มักจะอยู่ที่ประมาณ 21.6%) 3.น้ำมันหอมระเหยจากพืช ได้แก่: Eucalyptol (น้ำมันยูคาลิปตัส) Menthol (เมนทอล) Thymol (ไทมอล) Methyl salicylate (เมทิลซาลิไซเลต หรือ น้ำมันวินเทอร์กรีน) 4.สารให้ความหวาน (มักใช้ซอร์บิทอล) 5.กรดเบนโซอิก (สารกันบูด) 6.สารให้สี (อาจใช้สีเขียว) 7.โซเดียมซักคาริน (สารให้ความหวาน) 8.โซเดียมเบนโซเอต (สารกันบูด)  จะพบว่าแต่ละสารมีส่วนทำให้เกิดการเสียสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปาก: 1. แอลกอฮอล์และน้ำมันหอมระเหย: มีฤทธิ์ฆ่าเชื้อที่รุนแรง ทำลายทั้งแบคทีเรียที่เป็นโทษและเป็นประโยชน์ เปิดโอกาสให้เชื้อบางชนิดเติบโตได้มากขึ้น 2. สารกันบูด: ยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของจุลินทรีย์บางชนิดมากกว่าชนิดอื่น 3. สารให้ความหวาน: เป็นแหล่งอาหารสำหรับแบคทีเรียบางชนิด หรือเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพแวดล้อมในช่องปาก ผลการวิจัยนี้ได้ท้าทายความเชื่อดั้งเดิมเกี่ยวกับประโยชน์ของน้ำยาบ้วนปาก ในอดีต น้ำยาบ้วนปากถูกส่งเสริมว่ามีประโยชน์ในการลดกลิ่นปาก ป้องกันฟันผุ และช่วยรักษาโรคเหงือก อย่างไรก็ตาม การค้นพบใหม่นี้บ่งชี้ว่า ประโยชน์ระยะสั้นเหล่านี้อาจไม่คุ้มค่ากับผลเสียที่อาจเกิดขึ้นในระยะยาว การเสียสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปากอาจนำไปสู่การเพิ่มขึ้นของแบคทีเรียที่เป็นอันตราย ซึ่งจะเพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อโรคต่างๆ ทั้งในช่องปากและระบบอื่นๆ ของร่างกาย เช่น โรคปริทันต์ มะเร็งหลอดอาหารและลำไส้ใหญ่ รวมถึงโรคทางระบบอื่นๆ บทความนี้เน้นย้ำความสำคัญของการพิจารณาอย่างรอบคอบในการใช้ผลิตภัณฑ์สุขภาพช่องปาก และ ผู้บริโภคควรตระหนักถึงความสำคัญของการรักษาสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปากและพิจารณาทางเลือกอื่นๆ ในการดูแลสุขภาพช่องปากที่อาจมีผลกระทบน้อยกว่าต่อระบบนิเวศของจุลชีพ เช่น การแปรงฟันอย่างสม่ำเสมอ การใช้ไหมขัดฟันอย่างถูกวิธี และการรับประทานอาหารที่มีประโยชน์ต่อสุขภาพช่องปาก  ซึ่งการรับประทานอาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพช่องปาก เป็นส่วนสำคัญในการดูแลสุขภาพฟันและเหงือก รวมถึงการรักษาสมดุลของจุลชีพในช่องปากและร่างกายด้วย ซึ่งประกอบด้วย: **อาหารธรรมชาติที่มีการแปรรูปน้อย อาหารที่มีโพรไบโอติกส์และพรีไบโอติกส์ ช่วยรักษาสมดุลของจุลชีพที่ดี เช่น โยเกิร์ต คีเฟอร์ กิมจิ ชีส อาหารที่กระตุ้นการหลั่งน้ำลาย: น้ำลายช่วยชะล้างแบคทีเรียและเศษอาหาร เช่น เนื้อสัตว์ ไข่ นอกจากนี้ การเคี้ยวอาหารให้ละเอียดและใช้เวลาในการรับประทานอาหารช้าๆ ยังช่วยกระตุ้นการหลั่งน้ำลายและส่งเสริมสุขภาพช่องปากที่ดีอีกด้วย น้ำเปล่า: ดื่มน้ำสะอาดอย่างเพียงพอช่วยชะล้างช่องปากและรักษาความชุ่มชื้น** อาหารที่ควรหลีกเลี่ยงหรือจำกัดคือ ** อาหารและเครื่องดื่มที่มีแป้ง/น้ำตาลสูง ซึ่งส่งเสริมการเจริญเติบโตของแบคทีเรียที่ก่อให้เกิดฟันผุ และการอักเสบ รวมถึงอาหารที่ผสมสารต่างๆที่กล่าวมาก่อนหน้า** การรับประทานอาหารที่สมดุลและหลากหลายไม่เพียงแต่ส่งผลดีต่อสุขภาพช่องปากเท่านั้น แต่ยังช่วยส่งเสริมสุขภาพโดยรวมของร่างกายอีกด้วย หากยังต้องการใช้น้ำยาบ้วนปาก ควรพิจารณาใช้เฉพาะเมื่อจำเป็น ไม่ใช้เป็นประจำทุกวัน และอาจเลือกน้ำยาบ้วนปากที่ไม่มีแอลกอฮอล์ รวมถึงสารต่างๆอย่างที่กล่าวไปก่อนหน้า ในท้ายที่สุด การวิจัยนี้เน้นย้ำถึงความสำคัญของการไม่ยึดติดกับความเชื่อเดิมๆ โดยไม่พิจารณาหลักฐานใหม่ทางวิทยาศาสตร์ และวิธีการดูแลสุขภาพที่คำนึงถึงระบบนิเวศของจุลชีพมากขึ้น

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

**Table Of Content** - Advantages of Bitcoin in Online Payments and E-Commerce - The Future of Bitcoin in Online Payments and E-Commerce - Multiple Industries Are Getting Involved - Conclusion - FAQ Bitcoin, the first and most well-known cryptocurrency, has been making waves in the world of online payments and e-commerce. It offers several advantages over traditional payment methods, such as lower transaction fees, faster processing times, and increased security. Additionally, Bitcoin's decentralized nature and lack of government or financial institution control make it an attractive option for those who prioritize privacy and autonomy. **Advantages of Bitcoin in Online Payments and E-Commerce** Bitcoin, the world's first cryptocurrency, has the potential to revolutionize online payments and e-commerce. Here are some of the advantages of using Bitcoin in these areas: **Decentralization** Bitcoin operates on a decentralized network, meaning it is not controlled by a central authority like a government or financial institution. This eliminates the need for intermediaries, such as banks, to facilitate transactions, resulting in lower transaction fees and quicker processing times. **Security** Bitcoin transactions are secured by complex algorithms and cryptographic protocols, making them virtually impossible to hack or counterfeit. This offers increased security for both merchants and consumers in online payments and e-commerce. **Anonymity** Bitcoin transactions are pseudonymous, meaning they are not linked to real-world identities. This provides a level of anonymity that is not possible with traditional payment methods, making it an attractive option for those who value privacy. **Global Reach** Bitcoin is a global currency that can be used for transactions anywhere in the world, without the need for currency conversions or additional fees. This makes it an ideal option for cross-border e-commerce transactions. **Low Fees** Because Bitcoin eliminates intermediaries and their associated fees, transactions can be processed at a much lower cost than traditional payment methods. **Transparency** All Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public ledger called the blockchain, providing transparency and accountability for all parties involved in online payments and e-commerce. **The Future of Bitcoin in Online Payments and E-Commerce** The future of Bitcoin in online payments and e-commerce is still uncertain. While the cryptocurrency has gained a lot of popularity in recent years, it is still subject to regulatory and market risks. However, there are several reasons to believe that Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies could play a significant role in the future of online payments and e-commerce. One reason is the growing acceptance of Bitcoin by major companies, such as Microsoft, PayPal, and Tesla. Additionally, the increasing use of blockchain technology could lead to the development of new, more secure and efficient payment systems. As such, it is clear that Bitcoin has the potential to change the world of online payments and e-commerce in significant ways, but much will depend on how the cryptocurrency is regulated and adopted in the years to come. **Multiple Industries Are Getting Involved** It is true that multiple industries are getting involved in the world of Bitcoin and blockchain technology. From finance to healthcare, entertainment to real estate, many sectors are exploring the potential benefits of these new technologies. Some companies are using Bitcoin as a form of payment or investment, while others are exploring the use of blockchain for data management and security. As the technology continues to develop, we can expect more industries to get involved in the future. **Conclusion** Bitcoin is a disruptive technology that has the potential to transform the world of online payments and e-commerce. While there are challenges and risks associated with its use, the benefits of Bitcoin make it a compelling option for both consumers and merchants alike. **FAQ** **What is the advantage of using Bitcoin for online payments?** One of the main advantages of using Bitcoin for online payments is that it is a fast and secure payment method that does not require the use of intermediaries. **What is the advantage of using Bitcoin for e-commerce?** Bitcoin offers several advantages for e-commerce, including lower transaction fees, faster transaction processing times, and increased security and privacy for buyers and sellers. **What are the challenges and risks associated with using Bitcoin?** Some of the challenges and risks associated with using Bitcoin include its volatility, the potential for fraud or hacking, and the lack of regulation and legal protection. **That's all for today** **If you want more, be sure to follow us on:** **NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com** **X: [@croxroadnews](https://twitter.com/croxroadnews)** **Instagram: [@croxroadnews.co](https://www.instagram.com/croxroadnews.co/)** **Youtube: [@croxroadnews](https://www.youtube.com/@croxroadnews)** **Store: https://croxroad.store** **Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter** **https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe** *DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.*

@ 6c8c7979:15595f3e

Are you looking for new ways to increase your productivity? Maybe you thought about using the same methods that some historical figures used, from musicians and artists to politicians. Most of them spent their days drinking regular doses of caffeine, but few had strange habits that helped them work faster and more efficiently. From Charles Dickens' addiction to routine to the trick used by an ancient Greek politician to resist procrastination and dawdling, here are historical figures who had unconventional ways to accomplish their tasks. `$$Charles Dickens$$`  The author of "A Tale of Two Cities" and "A Christmas Carol" was known to be demanding and meticulous about his working conditions. He adhered to a strict "military" schedule, always writing in his study from nine in the morning until two in the afternoon, then taking a three-hour walk. Dickens demanded complete silence from everyone in his house during his working hours, and arranged his pens, inks, and a set of small statues specifically on his desk to help him think. The writer maintained these habits wherever he traveled, even rearranging the furniture of hotel rooms and guest houses to resemble his study as much as possible. His eccentric habits extended to his bedroom, where he always slept facing north, believing it made him better aligned with the Earth's electrical currents. `$$Beethoven$$`  Ludwig van Beethoven composed most of his work while in motion. After his daily breakfast consisting only of coffee — often preparing 60 beans for use in his coffee — the composer worked for several hours in his study before going on long walks. These enjoyable walks were supposed to stimulate his creativity; he often stopped during his walks to jot down quickly and hurriedly a set of musical notes on a large notebook. If the composition process was slow, the composer copied some compositions of other musicians to study their style. Beethoven also composed music while bathing. According to his secretary, Anton Schindler, Beethoven often moved quickly around his room, frequently pouring several pitchers of water over his hands, while he cares for some tunes and stares off into space with "deep meditation." `$$Marcel Proust$$`  While writing his massive 3,000-page novel "In Search of Lost Time" (also known as "Remembrance of Things Past") in the early 20th century, French author Marcel Proust lived within the confines of his bedroom. He usually woke up at three or four in the afternoon, then drank coffee and ate a croissant, and often his only meal throughout the day, after that, he smoked his hookah, which included tobacco mixed with opium, which he thought helped him bear the asthma. Proust worked on his novel lying on his bed, with a set of thin cushions, and despite the seemingly comfortable working conditions, the author continued to say that writing his novel was hard and tiring work. `$$Salvador Dali$$`  Considered one of the masters of surrealism, a school of art aimed at exploiting the unconscious mind and reaching its hidden treasures. Dali used mental tricks to experiment with and blur the boundary between his dreams and reality, and this helped his mind produce hallucinatory images "Surrealist" that he painted through paintings like "The Persistence of Memory" and "Swans Reflecting Elephants." One of his actual and proven techniques was to hold a metal key over a tin container during his nap time, and when he starts to fall asleep, the key drops from his hand, and he wakes up, and that gave him a chance to record the bizarre images he produces in his mind. Dali invented a special method he called "Paranoid-Critical" "Madness of doubt-shame," the artist was working through this method to convey himself to a state of madness of doubt and greatness by prolonging deliberate thinking with weird, irrational ideas, and then he starts drawing the images he sees in his mind. `$$B.F. Skinner$$`  He was an American psychologist, a behavioralist, an author, an inventor, and a social philosopher. Skinner invented the Israbutroom room and his own philosophy in the science called the Extreme Behavior and founded his school in experimental research in psychology, which is the experimental analysis of behavior. Skinner's analysis of human behavior culminated in his work in Verbal Behavior, which has seen significant recent development in the experimental field and the application settings, and in a study conducted in June 2002, Skinner was classified as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century. He worked on a strict schedule and used a timer to remind him of the start and stop time to write. In his memoirs, he wrote that he recorded every twelve hours of his work, where he drew a point on an accumulating curve showing him the overall production of his productivity. In addition to dividing times during the day and analyzing daily work, Skinner endorsed what is called intermittent sleep, so often he would wake up after midnight to work for an hour, and then he would return to his sleep. `$$Demosthenes$$`  The Greek statesman and politician Demosthenes were known for his ability to deliver exciting and enthusiastic speeches without any effort, His skill in speaking came through following a strict, often unusual system. Demosthenes spent long hours studying the art of rhetoric and law in a specially made underground office, and trained with an actor to learn how to control his body movements. To overcome his stuttering and shortness of breath, Demosthenes would speak while placing pebbles in his mouth, and he would deliver his speeches loudly while running up a hill, but the strangest thing was his way of facing procrastination and delaying, Demosthenes had shaved half of his head with the aim of looking his appearance funny, and thus he had to stay in his home and focus on his studies.

@ 9edd72eb:cb697b0a

NBC reports that a suspicious person was received an hour before a gunman opened fire at former President Donald Trump, a senator said. U.S. officials learned of an alleged Iranian plot to kill Trump weeks before the attempted assassination in Butler, Pennsylvania, sources said, adding that nothing indicated the two were connected. The Department of Homeland Security said its inspector general would investigate the Secret Service's security operation at Saturday's rally. Secret Service Director Kimberly Cheatle said that "the buck stops with me" and that the assassination attempt Saturday "should have never happened." That is to say, there are all kinds of threats to Trump's security. But why isn't enough being done to protect it? When Trump wins the election, will the Secret Service really take care of his security? Or are you going to continue ignoring reports and threats to your life? Do some groups want him dead and don't even bother to hide it? That is to say, it is obvious that they want it, but are there no plans to stop an assassination that is announced without any shame? originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612126

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

![https://yakihonne.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com/c73818cc95d6adf098fbff289cda4c3cf50d5f370d25f0b6f3677231ccd5c890/files/1721251402237-YAKIHONNES3.jpeg]() 🚀 Bitget ti invita a partecipare a un evento di trading straordinario! Non perdere l'opportunità e fai trading di ETH per partecipare a una pool di ricompense eccezionale, con un totale di 7 ETH in palio! 🎁 Scarica l'app e iscriviti per ottenere $5-10 in ETH! 🎁 Ricevi subito $5-10 in ETH scaricando l'app Bitget e iscrivendoti durante l'evento. 🏆 Vinci con la tua prima operazione: Condividi 1 ETH! Completa la tua prima operazione di trading sui Futures superiore a $500 e avrai diritto a condividere 1 ETH! 💎 Scambia di più, condividi di più: Tuffati in una pool da 5 ETH! 🚀 Durante l'evento, tutti gli utenti che effettuano operazioni sui Futures con volumi superiori a 10.000 USDT possono condividere il montepremi di 5 ETH. Più scambi, più guadagni! 🔗 Iscriviti ora su Bitget e inizia a fare trading! https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK Non lasciarti sfuggire questa opportunità unica con Bitget! 🚀✨

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🚀 Bitget ti invita a partecipare a un evento di trading straordinario! Non perdere l'opportunità e fai trading di ETH per partecipare a una pool di ricompense eccezionale, con un totale di 7 ETH in palio! 🎁 Scarica l'app e iscriviti per ottenere $5-10 in ETH! 🎁 Ricevi subito $5-10 in ETH scaricando l'app Bitget e iscrivendoti durante l'evento. 🏆 Vinci con la tua prima operazione: Condividi 1 ETH! Completa la tua prima operazione di trading sui Futures superiore a $500 e avrai diritto a condividere 1 ETH! 💎 Scambia di più, condividi di più: Tuffati in una pool da 5 ETH! 🚀 Durante l'evento, tutti gli utenti che effettuano operazioni sui Futures con volumi superiori a 10.000 USDT possono condividere il montepremi di 5 ETH. Più scambi, più guadagni! 🔗 Iscriviti ora su Bitget e inizia a fare trading! https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK Non lasciarti sfuggire questa opportunità unica con Bitget! 🚀✨ #Bitget #ETF #ETH #BGB #Crypto #Trading #Rewards #BitcoinReportItalia

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Bitcoiners have been saying this for a while. The firearms community needs to adopt bitcoin before they have no other options. Few have headed this advice. I went to YouTube today a saw a video from a very popular firearms training channel called Hickok45. The released a video titled [Bad News - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KWxaOmVNBE) where they let their subscribers know about the uncertainty of their future due to YouTube's new policy banning firearms advertising. YouTube is of course within their rights to do this but that's not a solution to the problem. The problem goes deeper. Credit card processors and companies as well as banks have and could increase their censorship of firearms purchases. Bitcoin fixes this. As far as the video hosting problem there are other platforms that will likely open their doors to these trainers and educators but that isn't good enough. Nostr is new but I see it as the most hopeful solution coupled with bitcoin over lightning. Over the past week I've been experimenting with [satellite.earth](https://satellite.earth/) CDN file hosting service. I've been pretty impressed by it. Its very new but it seems like a real solution to the file hosting centralization problem for Nostr. I've tried in the past to make the case for bitcoin to gun owners and few seem to see the problem. I think this is largely due to their faulty belief in the state. There are some companies that have adopted bitcoin. The only one that I'm aware of is [Fenix Ammunition](https://fenixammo.com/). Anyone aware of others? originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/612067

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🐚 Gli utenti di Bitcoin inviano messaggi criptici e spesso d'odio al governo tedesco tramite transazioni BTC, dopo la vendita di Bitcoin sequestrati. 🌱 Accumulo di Bitcoin e messaggi segreti 🐚 Il governo tedesco ha ricevuto piccoli importi di Bitcoin attraverso dozzine di transazioni, molte delle quali contenenti messaggi nascosti. Dopo la vendita di 3 miliardi di dollari in Bitcoin sequestrati, gli utenti hanno inviato BTC con riferimenti criptici, tra cui frasi offensive e omaggi a personaggi controversi come Adolf Hitler ed Elon Musk. 🌱 Uso di OP_Return per messaggi 🐚 Alcune transazioni includevano dati OP_Return, un campo utilizzato per l'archiviazione di dati sulla blockchain. Questo metodo, che rende i Bitcoin associati inutilizzabili, è stato impiegato per trasmettere messaggi al governo. Un messaggio in tedesco affermava: "Ci offri un palcoscenico meraviglioso e senza censura", mostrando come gli utenti utilizzino BTC per esprimere opinioni senza censura. 🌱 Transazioni CoinJoin e anonimato 🐚 Diverse transazioni sono state effettuate tramite indirizzi CoinJoin, una tecnica che combina più pagamenti per preservare l'anonimato. Nonostante la diminuzione delle riserve di Bitcoin del governo tedesco, alcuni utenti continuano a inviare BTC con messaggi criptici, sottolineando l'uso di Bitcoin come mezzo per comunicare in modo anonimo ed esprimere dissenso verso la scelta fatta dal governo. Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #Governo #Tedesco #Germania #Transazioni #Messaggi #CoinJoin #Anonimato #BTC #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5

Yesterday was a rollercoaster of emotions, ending with a frustrating tech issue. I was determined to upgrade my USB sticks to a format that would work seamlessly across my devices - Linux and Android. NTFS seemed like the logical choice, but fate, in the form of a delicious rice and beans dinner, intervened. As I savored my simple yet satisfying meal, I accidentally knocked the USB stick, interrupting the formatting process.  Disappointed but not defeated, I finished dinner and retreated to my room. The next morning, I resumed the formatting mission only to discover that NTFS isn't compatible with Android. So, I switched to Ext4, my preferred file system, but to no avail - Android still didn't recognize it. It seems I'll have to stick with FAT32 for my Android-compatible drive and use Ext4 for the others, a less-than-ideal solution. Today started off slow due to a fascinating conversation with a fellow dorm resident. She's an incredible young woman who has spent the past two years traveling the world and has plans to explore even more. Her stories were captivating, and I encouraged her to share her adventures with the world through a blog. I'm excited to see where her journey takes her.  After our inspiring chat, I ventured out to tackle some errands. Paying rent is never a highlight, especially when it involves a trip to the bank. I recommend using DTB (Diamond Trust Bank) if you're in Tanzania or Kenya; they don't charge extra fees for cash withdrawals. Next stop: finding a café with reliable internet. Unfortunately, the first two I tried were out of luck, the second due to power outage, a common occurrence in Tanzania. Finally, I settled into the hostel bar, where I'm currently enjoying a cup of tea and typing this blog post. Just as I was about to wrap up, I remembered a strange sensation I felt last night around 8:30 pm. At first, I thought I'd accidentally bumped the table, but it turned out to be a minor earthquake on the foot of Kilimanjaro! It was quite an experience, and I found an online report confirming a 4.6 magnitude quake between here and Nairobi. That's all for now. I'll include a screenshot of the earthquake report for your reference. Until next time!  Transferring the earthquake screenshot from my phone to my laptop was a real pain today. Usually, it's a quick and easy process, but not this time.    Tonight, I'm tackling my storage situation. I'll clean up and reformat my USB drives for better file management. Considering dedicating my larger SSD for general use and the smaller one exclusively for phone photos. All photos in this post were taken today, except for the dinner picture from yesterday and the earthquake screenshot sourced from the internet. ### Online [Profile Page](https://rubenstorm.de.cool/) | [Support Page](https://rubenstorm.12hp.de/) > Feel free to support me by sending some sats via the lightning network to rubenstorm@sats.mobi

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

*** I’ve had several inspirations to write on subjects other than the fruits of the Spirit, so we will take a brief break on that series and do a couple of stand alone posts and then go back and finish the Fruits of the Spirit Series. I was reading Job and saw something I’d never seen before. Job, a man the Bible refers to as “… *blameless, upright, fearing God and turning away from evil*.” (Job 1:1b), loses his children, his wealth, and then his health. He is suffering immensely. Several friends come to console him, but instead start falsely accusing him of horrible sins. They should’ve known better and they shouldn’t have judged Job based on what was happening to him instead of how he lived his life. After losing his family, his wealth, and his health, now his friends are defaming his godly reputation. In one of his soliloquies, after naming all of the things he has lost he prays this prayer: > “Oh that my words were written! Oh that they were inscribed in a book! That with an iron stylus and lead They were engraved in the rock forever! (Job 19:23-24) I think every other time I had read these verses I just thought that was an odd request, but I saw something different this time. Job prayed that “*Oh that my words were written! Oh that they were inscribed in a book*!” Little did Job know, God would write his words in the Bible, God’s book, the most published book in history. His words would be read as an example to us for over 4,000 years. He couldn’t have imagined that his prayer would be answered this way. He prayed, “*That with an iron stylus and lead, They were engraved in the rock forever*!” His words are written by God so they will last as long as the rocks on which he wished them to be engraved. Job didn’t know his prayer would/was being answered, but it was. It was being answered in ways beyond his greatest imagining. When God answers, he usually answers in big ways, even if not in our timing or in our ways. > “For as the heavens are higher than the earth, So are My ways higher than your ways And My thoughts than your thoughts. (Isaiah 55:9) As abandoned as Job felt and as unfairly as he felt he was treated, he never lost faith in God or His goodness. The next verse in Job states: > As for me, I know that my Redeemer lives, And at the last He will take His stand on the earth. (Job 19:25) There may be times it feels like God is not with you, but He is. There may be times it feels like He isn’t listening, but He is. There may be times it feels like He will never answer your prayers, but He will. The important thing is to never lose faith in His power, His goodness, or His love. God’s answers to prayers may not be exactly what you asked for and they rarely happen in our desired timing, but He gives us what we need and what is for our and other’s best and He never makes a mistake. Trust Jesus. your sister in Christ, Christy Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated

@ 6bae33c8:607272e8

These are my very preliminary QB rankings, my only research being the [RotoWire depth charts](https://www.rotowire.com/football/nfl-depth-charts/) and player notes. **Tier 1** **Josh Allen, Jalen Hurts** I don’t know who Allen will throw to other than Dalton Kincaid, but he needs only 25-ish TD passes to be the QB1 if he stays healthy, given all the rushing numbers. Hurts is second only because he’s not as good in real life, and there’s some small risk of implosion, skills-wise. But 10-plus TDs on the ground creates its own tier. **Tier 2** **Patrick Mahomes, Anthony Richardson, Lamar Jackson** What’s odd about this tier is how different these players are. Mahomes, despite a poor 2023 regular season, gets in because he’s the GOAT, and Andy Reid is a arguably the greatest offensive coach of all time. Richardson could easily be the 1.1, but injury risk and lack of track record give him a much lower floor. Jackson doesn’t get the goal line looks that often, especially with Derrick Henry in tow, but obviously his running gives him a huge lift. **Tier 3** **CJ Stroud, Kyler Murray, Jordan Love, Dak Prescott** Stroud has a loaded receiving corps now with Stefon Diggs on the team, and he’d be my bet to lead the league in passing yards. But he doesn’t run much, and that caps his ceiling slightly. I almost put him in Tier 2 because you can make the case he’s basically Mahomes with 200 fewer rushing yards. Murray is another year off his ACL tear, runs a lot and gets Marvin Harrison. It’s still an open question whether he’s good, though. Love looks like a player, runs a little and has young, developing wideouts. Prescott is in a pass-heavy offense, has an elite WR1 and is the ultimate stat-padder which works in fantasy. (You could just push all four into Tier 2 and make it seven deep, as the cutoff is a bit arbitrary.) **Tier 4** **Joe Burrow, Justin Herbert, Brock Purdy, Kirk Cousins, Tua Tagovailoa, Jared Goff, Trevor Lawrence** This is the tier of the passing-only QBs with the exception of Herbert who can run, but might be hamstrung by a run-heavy offense, and Lawrence, who might not be good. I would gamble on Herbert’s athleticism and skills nonetheless if he falls into this tier. And Lawrence gets a much-needed rookie deep threat which could open things up. Burrow is Tier 3 if he would stay healthy, but he obviously carries more risk on that front, and I don’t think he’ll run much now. **Tier 5** **Deshaun Watson, Daniel Jones, Matthew Stafford, Aaron Rodgers, Caleb Williams, Sam Darnold, Jayden Daniels, Baker Mayfield, Geno Smith** Watson might be cooked, but there’s still upside if he can run like he used to. Jones has a big ceiling with his mobility and Malik Nabers on the team. Stafford has two top receivers and a great offensive coach. Rodgers is old, but he has weapons now, and Williams has a loaded receiving corps. People might laugh at Darnold in this tier, but he’s mobile and has Justin Jefferson, Jordan Addison and T.J. Hockenson. If he keeps the job (a big if), he has upside, which is what you want in this tier. Mayfield and Smith are solid and boring, which is also fine if you wait forever on QB. Daniels’ mobility puts him here instead of the scrub tier. **Tier 6 (Scrubs)** **Russell Wilson, Derek Carr, Will Levis, Drake Maye, Raiders QBs, Bo Nix** These are the scrubs. One or two might not turn out to be scrubs, but it’s hard to get excited about any of them. These rankings will change, but I like to get my preliminary ones down on paper before I get influenced by ADP and training camp hype.

@ 6bae33c8:607272e8

These are my very preliminary TE rankings, my only research being the [RotoWire depth charts](https://www.rotowire.com/football/nfl-depth-charts/) and player notes. **Tier 1 ** **Sam LaPorta** He gets his own tier because he’s the only TE for whom there are no red flags. Most TEs do very little as rookies, while LaPorta was a rare exception and should only get better. His competition for targets is perfect — a true No.1 receiver, a play-making field-stretcher and a speedy running back, i.e., defenses have to account for multiple threats, but it’s not too crowded for LaPorta to see 140-odd targets in Year 2. **Tier 2 ** **Mark Andrews, Dalton Kincaid, Evan Engram, Trey McBride, Travis Kelce, George Kittle ** Kelce is the fantasy GOAT, but he turns 35 in October, and age catches up to everyone eventually. Andrews gets hurt a lot, but he should still be Lamar Jackson’s favorite target when healthy. Kincaid might lead the Bills in targets, and in Year 2 could take the leap to TE1. But unlike LaPorta, he hasn’t quite done it yet. Engram caught 114 passes last year, and Calvin Ridley is gone, so I don’t see his role diminishing much. McBride is a rising star in a good situation with only Marvin Harrison, Jr. to compete with for targets. And Kittle is a star when healthy and could see more looks if Brandon Aiyuk is traded. **Tier 3** **T.J. Hockenson, Kyle Pitts, Jake Ferguson, David Njoku, Cole Kmet, Brock Bowers** There’s no doubt about Hockenson’s talent, but the downgrade to Sam Darnold or J.J. McCarthy could be steep. Pitts can *still* be the 1.1 with a competent quarterback, but at this point there’s *some* O.J. Howard risk (great athlete, average NFL player.) Ferguson is just in a great spot with the Cowboys and their thin group of pass catchers after CeeDee Lamb. Njoku looked like a guy who belonged in the first round seven years ago, and it’s not that unusual for TEs to take some time to peak. (Njoku took longer than most, but like Engram, some of that was probably due to poor QB play early on.) Kmet’s got a lot more competition for targets, but also a likely QB upgrade, and he’s still young and on the upswing. Bowers is a home run swing — he might do nothing as a rookie, but could also be the Raiders 1A to Davante Adams out of the gate. **Tier 4 ** **Dalton Schultz, Dallas Goedert, Pat Freiermuth, Jonnu Smith** If I were to get shut out from the top-three tiers, I’d be okay with any of these guys. Schultz will have a role in a top passing offense, even if it’s a secondary one. Goedert has never really put it together, but is still in a good spot in the Eagles top-heavy offense. Freiermuth is a good pass catcher and could see more opportunities with the trade of Diontae Johnson. Smith is a wild card. His floor is basically zero as he could be used to block, but his upside is Tier 2 if the Dolphins indeed make him the No. 3 option in their fast-paced offense. **Tier 5 (scrubs) ** **Hunter Henry, Chigoziem Okonkwo, Tyler Conklin, Mike Gesicki** You never know, one of them might bust out, and there are others not listed, but it would be hard to count on these guys. Gesicki intrigues me a bit since he used to be productive, and the Bengals are thin after their star receivers, but they never seem to use the TE much.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

*Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/610267/r/Undisciplined* * * - ### July 17, 2023 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[Five Economic Terms You Should Know When Learning About Bitcoin](https://stacker.news/items/210219/r/Undisciplined)**  *16.5k sats \ 19 comments \ @siggy47 \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/210392/r/Undisciplined?commentId=210400** #### Excerpt > I'm not 100 percent sure this will interest you, but I stumbled upon this podcast episode yesterday. I am pretty ignorant about China, but this guest gave me an incredible lesson about Chinese culture and politics. Bitcoin is discussed, but there's s […] *571 sats \ 3 replies \ @siggy47* From **[Any research on "Bitcoin Culture" in China?](https://stacker.news/items/210392/r/Undisciplined)** by @nullcount in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 2nd place **@nerd2ninja** (1st hiding, almost certainly @siggy47) *1038 stacked \ 3620 spent \ 0 posts \ 20 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *39.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 49.5k spent \ 99 posts \ 308 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 17, 2022 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[Ask SN: How to use Bitcoin if it gets banned](https://stacker.news/items/46266/r/Undisciplined)** #### Excerpt > How should somepony use Bitcoin if its gets entirely banned? Is LN practicable anymore then? i mean Smartphones and PC's would get hacked and Wallets drained (Canada)? *199 sats \ 31 comments \ @pony \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/46223/r/Undisciplined?commentId=46329** #### Excerpt > My paper got accepted for a conference! *362 sats \ 1 reply \ @random_* From **[Daily discussion thread](https://stacker.news/items/46223/r/Undisciplined)** by @saloon in ~null ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 1st place **@k00b** *15.5k stacked \ 15.1k spent \ 0 posts \ 9 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *20.4k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29k spent \ 66 posts \ 233 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 17, 2021 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[How the U.S. became the world's new bitcoin mining hub](https://stacker.news/items/381/r/Undisciplined)** Link to https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/17/bitcoin-miners-moving-to-us-carbon-footprint.html *4 sats \ 2 comments \ @shawnyeager \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/373/r/Undisciplined?commentId=375** #### Excerpt > The main point: you commit outbound liquidity and you get inbound liquidity from someone in your ring. It's a nice hack on liquidity trying to solve the same problem dual-funded channels or Pool solves. *1 sat \ 1 reply \ @sha256* From **[lightning liquidity via a ring of fire introduction service](https://stacker.news/items/373/r/Undisciplined)** by @el_zonte in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` No top stacker ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *12 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 31 spent \ 4 posts \ 7 comments* originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/611566

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 🏝 La scelta di Vance potrebbe rivoluzionare il futuro delle criptovalute negli Stati Uniti, rafforzando la posizione di Trump come sostenitore del settore. 🏖 Un annuncio atteso 🏝 L'annuncio di J.D. Vance come candidato alla vicepresidenza da parte di Trump è avvenuto su TruthSocial. Le probabilità di Vance su Polymarket erano già al 70%, superando altri candidati come Doug Burgum e Marco Rubio. Vance è noto per il suo impegno verso i lavoratori americani e la sua carriera di successo nel settore della tecnologia e della finanza. 🏖 Un sostenitore delle criptovalute 🏝 Vance è un sostenitore dichiarato delle criptovalute e ha proposto un disegno di legge per una regolamentazione favorevole degli asset digitali negli Stati Uniti. Possiede tra $100.000 e $250.000 in Bitcoin e la sua trasparenza finanziaria è vista positivamente. Questo potrebbe avere implicazioni significative per il futuro del settore delle criptovalute nel paese. 🏖 Impatti politici e futuri 🏝 La scelta di Vance potrebbe attirare voti dai giovani tecnologicamente orientati e rafforzare la posizione di Trump come sostenitore delle criptovalute. La comunità delle criptovalute ha già mostrato un forte sostegno a Trump, con donazioni significative da parte di personalità di spicco come i fondatori di Gemini, Tyler e Cameron Winklevoss, e altre figure influenti nel settore. Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #Trump #Vance #Candidato #TruthSocial #Polymarket #Winklevoss #Presidenziali #USA #Elezioni #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

**Table Of Content** - Pros of Investing in Bitcoin - Cons of Investing in Bitcoin - The Future of Bitcoin - Conclusion - FAQ Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that operates independently of central banks and governments. Since its creation in 2009, Bitcoin has emerged as a popular investment option for individuals and institutions seeking to diversify their portfolio. However, like any investment, Bitcoin comes with its own set of risks and rewards. In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of investing in Bitcoin. **Pros of Investing in Bitcoin** **Decentralization** One of the main advantages of Bitcoin is its decentralized nature. This means that there is no central authority controlling the currency, making it resistant to government interference and manipulation. **Security** Bitcoin transactions are secured through advanced cryptographic techniques, making it virtually impossible for hackers to steal funds. **High Potential for Growth** Bitcoin has shown tremendous growth potential over the years, with its value skyrocketing from just a few cents in 2009 to over $60,000 in 2021. **Diversification** Investing in Bitcoin can help diversify your portfolio, reducing your overall risk by spreading your investments across multiple assets. **Cons of Investing in Bitcoin** **Volatility** Bitcoin is known for its extreme volatility, with its value fluctuating wildly in short periods. This can make it a risky investment option, particularly for those seeking stability. **Lack of Regulation** Bitcoin is not regulated by any central authority or government, making it vulnerable to fraud, scams, and market manipulation. **Limited Acceptance** While Bitcoin has gained wider acceptance in recent years, it is still not accepted by all merchants and businesses, limiting its utility as a currency. **Environmental Impact** Bitcoin mining, the process of verifying transactions on the blockchain, requires a massive amount of energy, contributing to environmental concerns. **Conclusion** Investing in Bitcoin can be a high-risk, high-reward endeavor. While it offers the potential for tremendous growth, it also comes with significant risks and challenges. Before investing in Bitcoin, it is important to carefully consider your investment goals, risk tolerance, and overall financial situation. As with any investment, it is important to do your own research and seek professional advice before making any decisions. **FAQ** **How does Bitcoin work?** Bitcoin transactions are recorded on a public ledger called the blockchain. The blockchain uses cryptography to ensure the security and integrity of the network. Bitcoin is created through a process called mining, where powerful computers solve complex mathematical equations to verify transactions and add new blocks to the blockchain. **Is Bitcoin a good investment?** Bitcoin has seen significant price fluctuations since its inception, making it a high-risk investment. While some investors have made significant profits from Bitcoin, others have lost money. It's important to do your research and understand the risks before investing in Bitcoin. **What are the advantages of investing in Bitcoin?** One advantage of investing in Bitcoin is its potential for high returns. Bitcoin has seen significant price increases in the past, and some experts predict that its value will continue to rise. Another advantage is the decentralized nature of Bitcoin, which means it's not subject to government or financial institution control. **That's all for today** **If you want more, be sure to follow us on:** **NOSTR: croxroad@getalby.com** **X: [@croxroadnews](https://twitter.com/croxroadnews)** **Instagram: [@croxroadnews.co](https://www.instagram.com/croxroadnews.co/)** **Youtube: [@croxroadnews](https://www.youtube.com/@croxroadnews)** **Store: https://croxroad.store** **Subscribe to CROX ROAD Bitcoin Only Daily Newsletter** **https://www.croxroad.co/subscribe** *DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.*

@ 3c172490:91b2b73b

[E-waste](https://thekingofrecycling.com/five-things-you-need-to-keep-in-mind-while-hiring-e-waste-services/) is a major problem in the world. Most governments are taking steps to tackle the challenge of e-waste and encouraging people to recycle the e-waste. That’s why you will often find government-funded e-waste recycling programs, non-profit organizations collecting e-waste, and private e-waste recycling companies recycling e-waste for free. Out of all the ways to get rid of e-waste, hiring a professional e-waste recycling company is the most convenient way to get rid of the e-waste. However, you have to pay for the convenience. Your private e-waste recycling company charges you the fee for the collection of e-waste from your home. Before you call professional e-waste services, here are the five things you need to keep in mind: 1. Find out whether the company is certified E-waste recycling comes with a lot of complexities. It contains a range of harmful chemicals that need to be treated in a controlled environment. Look for a certified e-waste recycling company that has an active license to recycle e-waste in the area. Many companies just collect the e-waste and transport it to developing countries for disposal. Look for an e-waste company that actually recycles e-waste. 2. Ask about the e-waste recycling terms and conditions Most electronic waste items can be recycled for free, but for some items such as printers, copiers, and fax machines, you have to pay the recycling fee. For some items or certain quantities of e-waste, you can get rewards too. Ask about the terms and conditions of the e-waste recycling company. They include everything you need to learn about e-waste recycling. 3. Check the reputation of the company It is always a good idea to check the reputation of the company. You can do so by reading the reviews of the company. You can search online for any complaints registered against the company. Go through the website of the company. This will help you get some idea about the reputation of the company. If you find a company that has mostly negative reviews, you can move to another company. 4. Ask about free drop off Most private residential electronics recycling companies provide free drop-off services. It includes dropping off the accepted e-waste items at the recycling center. You can get your e-waste recycled for free. 5. Learn about the buyback program The buyback program includes the exchange of e-waste items in return for rewards. These rewards can be anything from cash to store discounts and coupons. Buyback programs are mostly applicable for commercial companies that have a large number of electronic units in decent condition eligible for exchange. If you are looking for a professional e-waste recycling company, you can get in touch with Xtreme Green Recycling. Check out our client review: Highly recommend these guys! Extreme by all measures- speed, courtesy, and care (for you and the planet!). Mark and company went out of their way to get piles of e-waste out of our way. Thanks again, fellas! –Artin Gorjian Category Uncategorized Tags

@ de1bb742:62397522

Electronic waste is a global concern that is contributing to environment-related problems. We live in a digital era, where almost everyone (electronic device users) produces e-waste. Since you are reading this post online, you are also one of them. But, nothing to worry about! You don’t need to be guilty because you can minimize the impact of e-waste by opting for e-waste recycling. From your smartphone to television and computer, you can recycle all electronics. Since most parts of computers are recyclable, you can rely on professionals for secure hard drive recycling without worrying about the safety of data. The DIY methods to [dispose of hard drives](https://thekingofrecycling.com/how-to-recycle-your-old-hard-drives-securely-top-ways-explained/) can be cheap and easy, but relying on them is not safe for the sensitive information stored in your hard drive. Continue reading this post to know more about secure hard drive recycling. Why Choose Hard Drive Recycling? Hard drives are made of aluminum and small amounts of rare earth and heavy metals. But, people often avoid hard drive recycling as they are concerned about safety. But, institutions or IT companies having a large number of hard drives need a reliable solution to recycle old drives, as storing hard drives unnecessarily is not wise. Also, there is a ban on throwing e-waste in the trash in some states, including California. So, the best is to choose professional e-waste recycling services that ensure to destroy the data before recycling the hard drives. Popular Ways to Wipe Data on Hard Drive Here’s a list of some popular ways you can choose to wipe data on the hard drive to make it non-retrievable. Refurbisher If you have a windows PC, you can take the help of windows-certified refurbishers to wipe your hard drive. Locate the refurbisher of your choice and ask about their services. Some refurbishers offer to recycle the hard drive while others send it back to you wiped clean. In addition, if you have a Mac computer, you can send the hard drive to the Apple recycling center. Destroy the Hard Drive The most reliable method to ensure secure and free hard drive recycling is data destruction. You can break the hard drive manually, which will make it impossible for anyone to access your data again. Various methods you can use for destroying the hard drive include – drilling holes into it, hammering it, or magnetizing it. However, relying on professionals for physical data destruction services is a better idea. Wipe Your Hard Drive with Software Removing personal information is extremely important before sending a hard drive for recycling. So, you can take the help of computer-wiping software for this purpose. However, the software may have limitations, and it does not guarantee the complete destruction of data. Choose the software you like, install it, and follow the instructions to remove personal information or data from your hard drives. Some popular software you can use are – Killdisk, Derik’s Boot and Nuke, and ErAce. The Bottom Line Whether you are an individual or an organization, data security is important for everyone. So, ensure the safety of your data before recycling the hard drive with the on-site physical data destruction services of Xtreme Green Recycling in Visalia. Visit our website to know how our data safety destruction services works!

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

#### **🆕 What's changed:** ----------- - [New bonus guide dedicated to install/upgrade/uninstall PostgreSQL](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/postgresql) - [Modified the LND guide to use PostgreSQL instead of bbolt](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client) - [Modified the Nostr relay guide to use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite (experimental)](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/nostr-relay#configuration) - [Modified the BTCPay Server bonus guide according to these changes](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/btcpay-server) - Used the [lndinit MiniBolt org fork](https://github.com/minibolt-guide/lndinit), to add an [extra section to migrate an existing LND bbolt database to PostgreSQL](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) (🚨⚠️[Experimental](https://github.com/lightninglabs/lndinit/pull/21) - use it behind your responsibility⚠️🚨) - [New Golang bonus guide](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/go) as a common language for the [lndinit compile](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) - [Updated LND to v0.18](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#download-binaries) - [New Bitcoin Core extra section to renovate Tor & I2P addresses](https://v2.minibolt.info/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoin-client#renovate-your-bitcoin-core-tor-and-i2p-addresses) - [New Bitcoin Core extra section to generate a full `bitcoin.conf` file](https://v2.minibolt.info/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoin-client#generate-a-full-bitcoin.conf-example-file) - [Rebuilt some homepage sections and general structure](https://v2.minibolt.info/) - Deleted the `$` symbol of the commands to easy copy-paste to the terminal - [Deleted the initial incoming and the outgoing rules configuration of UFW, due to it being by default](https://v2.minibolt.info/system/system/security) 🪧 PD: If you want to use the old database backend of the LND or Nostr relay, follow the next extra sections: - [Use the default bbolt database backend for the LND](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#use-the-default-bbolt-database-backend) - [Use the default SQLite database backend for the Nostr relay](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/nostr-relay#use-the-default-sqlite-database-backend) ⚠️**Attention**⚠️: [The migration process](https://v2.minibolt.info/lightning/lightning/lightning-client#migrate-an-existing-bbolt-database-to-postgresql) was tested on testnet mode from an existing bbolt database backend to a new PostgreSQL database using lndinit and the results were successful. However, It wasn't tested on mainnet,[according to the developer](https://github.com/lightninglabs/lndinit/pull/21), it is in experimental status which could damage your existing LND database.🚨 Use it behind your responsibility 🧼 **🔧 PR related**: https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/pull/93 ----------- #### ♻️ Migrate the PostgreSQL database location **If you installed [NBXplorer + BTCPay Server](https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/btcpay-server)**, it is probably you have the database of the PostgreSQL cluster on the default path (`/var/lib/postgresql/16/main/`), follow the next instructions to migrate it to the new dedicated location on `/data/postgresdb` folder: * With user `admin` create the dedicated PostgreSQL data folder ``` sudo mkdir /data/postgresdb ``` * Assign as the owner to the `postgres` user ``` sudo chown postgres:postgres /data/postgresdb ``` * Assign permissions of the data folder only to the `postgres` user ``` sudo chmod -R 700 /data/postgresdb ``` * Stop NBXplorer and BTCPay Server ``` sudo systemctl stop nbxplorer && sudo systemctl stop btcpayserver ``` * Stop PostgreSQL ``` sudo systemctl stop postgresql ``` * Use the rsync command to copy all files from the existing database on (`/var/lib/postgresql/16/main`) to the new destination directory (`/data/postgresdb`) ``` sudo rsync -av /var/lib/postgresql/16/main/ /data/postgresdb/ ``` Expected output: ``` sending incremental file list ./ PG_VERSION postgresql.auto.conf postmaster.opts postmaster.pid base/ base/1/ base/1/112 base/1/113 base/1/1247 base/1/1247_fsm base/1/1247_vm base/1/1249 base/1/1249_fsm base/1/1249_vm [...] pg_wal/000000010000000000000009 pg_wal/archive_status/ pg_xact/ pg_xact/0000 sent 164,483,875 bytes received 42,341 bytes 36,561,381.33 bytes/sec total size is 164,311,368 speedup is 1.00 ``` * Edit the PostgreSQL data directory on configuration, to redirect the store to the new location ``` sudo nano /etc/postgresql/16/main/postgresql.conf --linenumbers ``` * Replace the line 42 to this. Save and exit ``` data_directory = '/data/postgresdb' ``` * Start PostgreSQL to apply changes and monitor the correct status of the main instance and sub-instance monitoring sessions before ``` sudo systemctl start postgresql ``` * You can monitor the PostgreSQL main instance by the systemd journal and check the log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit the monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C ``` journalctl -fu postgresql ``` Example of the expected output: ``` Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL RDBMS. Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL RDBMS... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS. ``` * You can monitor the PostgreSQL sub-instance by the systemd journal and check log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C ``` journalctl -fu postgresql@16-main ``` Example of the expected output: ``` Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main... Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Succeeded. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Consumed 1h 10min 8.677s CPU time. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main. ``` * Start NBXplorer and BTCPay Server again ``` sudo systemctl start nbxplorer && sudo systemctl start btcpayserver ``` * Monitor to make sure everything is as you left it. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C ``` journalctl -fu nbxplorer ``` ``` journalctl -fu btcpayserver ``` Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙

@ 1c6b3be3:73f0ae6f

### <img src="https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?sz=32&domain=bitcoinops.org" width="32" height="32" /> Bitcoin Optech [Bitcoin Optech Newsletter #311 Recap Podcast](https://bitcoinops.org/en/podcast/2024/07/16/) The Bitcoin Optech Podcast discusses Newsletter #311 with Mark "Murch" Erhardt, Mike Schmidt, Vojtěch Strnad, and Fabian Jahr. They talk about the Bitcoin Core Pull Request (PR) Review Club's discussion on Testnet4, which includes a proof-of-work difficulty adjustment fix. Additionally, they discuss the releases of Bitcoin Core 26.2 and Lightning Network Daemon (LND) v0.18.2-beta. They also highlight notable code and documentation changes in Rust Bitcoin #2949 and BDK #1487. The transcription will be available soon. The podcast and transcription are licensed under Creative Commons CC BY-SA 2.0. ### 🍵 "btc | bitcoin | lightning network | asic" - Google News [Bitso Integrates Lightspark for Bitcoin Lightning Network - Bitcoin.com News](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiU2h0dHBzOi8vbmV3cy5iaXRjb2luLmNvbS9iaXRzby1pbnRlZ3JhdGVzLWxpZ2h0c3BhcmstZm9yLWJpdGNvaW4tbGlnaHRuaW5nLW5ldHdvcmsv0gEA?oc=5) [Lightning Ignites Reservation Creek Fire - az.gov](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiZGh0dHBzOi8vZWluLmF6Lmdvdi9lbWVyZ2VuY3ktaW5mb3JtYXRpb24vZW1lcmdlbmN5LWJ1bGxldGluL2xpZ2h0bmluZy1pZ25pdGVzLXJlc2VydmF0aW9uLWNyZWVrLWZpcmXSAQA?oc=5) [Bitso to Bring Bitcoin Lightning to its 8 Million Users via Lightspark - Bitcoin Magazine](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMia2h0dHBzOi8vYml0Y29pbm1hZ2F6aW5lLmNvbS9idXNpbmVzcy9iaXRzby10by1icmluZy1iaXRjb2luLWxpZ2h0bmluZy10by1pdHMtOC1taWxsaW9uLXVzZXJzLXZpYS1saWdodHNwYXJr0gEA?oc=5) [These Companies Are Getting Onto A Bitcoin Standard - Forbes](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiZWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZvcmJlcy5jb20vc2l0ZXMvZGlnaXRhbC1hc3NldHMvMjAyNC8wNy8xNi9jb21wYW5pZXMtYXJlLWdldHRpbmctb250by1hLWJpdGNvaW4tc3RhbmRhcmQv0gEA?oc=5) [Bitcoin Ecosystem Is Best Performer Among Crypto Sectors Over Last 7 Days - Unchained](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiZmh0dHBzOi8vdW5jaGFpbmVkY3J5cHRvLmNvbS9iaXRjb2luLWVjb3N5c3RlbS1pcy1iZXN0LXBlcmZvcm1lci1hbW9uZy1jcnlwdG8tc2VjdG9ycy1vdmVyLWxhc3QtNy1kYXlzL9IBAA?oc=5) [Ordinals Push the Limits to What Can Be Achieved on Bitcoin’s Blockchain - OCNJ Daily](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiTGh0dHBzOi8vb2NuamRhaWx5LmNvbS9vcmRpbmFscy1wdXNoLWxpbWl0cy1jYW4tYWNoaWV2ZWQtYml0Y29pbnMtYmxvY2tjaGFpbi_SAQA?oc=5) [Bitso Selects Lightspark for Lightning Integration - PR Newswire](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiamh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBybmV3c3dpcmUuY29tL25ld3MtcmVsZWFzZXMvYml0c28tc2VsZWN0cy1saWdodHNwYXJrLWZvci1saWdodG5pbmctaW50ZWdyYXRpb24tMzAyMTk2MzU0Lmh0bWzSAQA?oc=5) [Are crypto cards still a thing in 2024? Industry weighs in - Cointelegraph](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiPmh0dHBzOi8vY29pbnRlbGVncmFwaC5jb20vbmV3cy9jcnlwdG8tY2FyZHMtMjAyNC1mdXR1cmUtdHJlbmRz0gEA?oc=5) [Bitcoin Well Announces Bill Payments Via the Lightning Network and Unique User Signup Milestone - Investing News Network](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiemh0dHBzOi8vaW52ZXN0aW5nbmV3cy5jb20vYml0Y29pbi13ZWxsLWFubm91bmNlcy1iaWxsLXBheW1lbnRzLXZpYS10aGUtbGlnaHRuaW5nLW5ldHdvcmstYW5kLXVuaXF1ZS11c2VyLXNpZ251cC1taWxlc3RvbmUv0gEA?oc=5) [Loka Mining Launches a New DeFi Protocol to Address $10B Bitcoin Mining Liquidity Crisis - AlexaBlockchain](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiWWh0dHBzOi8vYWxleGFibG9ja2NoYWluLmNvbS9sb2thLXByb3RvY29sLXRvLWFkZHJlc3MtMTBiLWJpdGNvaW4tbWluaW5nLWxpcXVpZGl0eS1jcmlzaXMv0gFfaHR0cHM6Ly9hbGV4YWJsb2NrY2hhaW4uY29tL2xva2EtcHJvdG9jb2wtdG8tYWRkcmVzcy0xMGItYml0Y29pbi1taW5pbmctbGlxdWlkaXR5LWNyaXNpcy8_YW1wPTE?oc=5) [Satoshi Protocol raises $2m to expand liquidity for Bitcoin holders - crypto.news](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiV2h0dHBzOi8vY3J5cHRvLm5ld3Mvc2F0b3NoaS1wcm90b2NvbC1yYWlzZXMtMm0tdG8tZXhwYW5kLWxpcXVpZGl0eS1mb3ItYml0Y29pbi1ob2xkZXJzL9IBAA?oc=5) [Jack Dorsey’s Bitkey Adds MoonPay to Simplify Bitcoin Purchases - Crypto Times](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiZWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNyeXB0b3RpbWVzLmlvLzIwMjQvMDcvMTcvamFjay1kb3JzZXlzLWJpdGtleS1hZGRzLW1vb25wYXktdG8tc2ltcGxpZnktYml0Y29pbi1wdXJjaGFzZXMv0gEA?oc=5) [Bitso Chooses Lightspark to Enable Bitcoin Transactions via Lightning - Fintech Finance](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMidGh0dHBzOi8vZmZuZXdzLmNvbS9uZXdzYXJ0aWNsZS9jcnlwdG9jdXJyZW5jeS9iaXRzby1jaG9vc2VzLWxpZ2h0c3BhcmstdG8tZW5hYmxlLWJpdGNvaW4tdHJhbnNhY3Rpb25zLXZpYS1saWdodG5pbmcv0gEA?oc=5) [Satoshi Protocol Completes Seed Funding Round with $2M Investment - Coinspeaker](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiPWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNvaW5zcGVha2VyLmNvbS9zYXRvc2hpLXByb3RvY29sLXNlZWQtZnVuZGluZy0ybS_SAUFodHRwczovL3d3dy5jb2luc3BlYWtlci5jb20vc2F0b3NoaS1wcm90b2NvbC1zZWVkLWZ1bmRpbmctMm0vYW1wLw?oc=5)

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

Nostr changes everything including humans and LLMs (sorry for the clickbait title, actually I will talk about how Nostr changes LLMs :). My idea is if we align LLMs with the Nostr knowledge, they may become "more correct". The training is going on for a while now. [My final work](https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B) was downloaded by about a thousand people. Ideas of Nostr propagating to the rest of the Internet! ## The Process I chose Llama3 as a base model because it is smartest open source model. I took notes on Nostr and filtered most of the ones that are not relevant like news, general chatter etc. I used an LLM to decide whether a note should go in training or not. Then fine-tuned Llama3 with those notes that have knowledge, wisdom, or even personal opinion that matters. Here are some links to the process: nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp8lvwt2hnw42wu40nec7vw949ys4wgdvums0svs8yhktl8mhlpd3qqxnzde3xsmnwd33xv6ryvpj2pqn7c nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp8lvwt2hnw42wu40nec7vw949ys4wgdvums0svs8yhktl8mhlpd3qqxnzde3xsunjwfkxcunwv3jvtnjyc ## The results The results are looking great! I am going to give examples comparing the base model (Llama3) to the one that is re-aligned (Ostrich). ## Q: What does Nostr stand for? ### Answer by Llama3 *TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably.* *Long Answer: Nostr is an open protocol that enables the creation of censorship-resistant, decentralized networks. The acronym stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably". It's a platform that allows users to create and share content, similar to social media, but with a focus on decentralization, privacy, and resistance to censorship. Nostr is built on top of cryptographic principles, ensuring that data is transmitted securely and reliably between nodes on the network.* ### Answer by Ostrich *TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays.* *Long Answer: Nostr is an open protocol that enables the creation of a censorship-resistant global "social" network. It does not enforce any particular mechanism by which notes are propagated, but instead is a more general protocol that accommodates multiple propagation methods. The name nostr is derived from the phrase "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays".* As you can see it learned the correct name. ## Q: What are zaps? ### Answer by Llama3 *TLDR: Zaps are notifications on Nostr.* *Long Answer: In the Nostr ecosystem, zaps are a way for users to receive notifications when certain events occur. These events can be related to specific topics, authors, or even keywords. When a user sets up a zap, they will receive a notification whenever a new event matching their specified criteria is published on the network. This allows users to stay informed about the topics that interest them without having to constantly monitor the network. Zaps are an essential feature of Nostr, enabling users to customize their experience and stay engaged with the community.* ### Answer by Ostrich *TLDR: Zaps are nostr payments.* *Long Answer: Zaps are nostr payments. They are a way to send bitcoin to someone on nostr. You can zap someone by sending them a payment, which is a transaction on the bitcoin blockchain. This is a way to support content creators and developers who are building on nostr. Zaps are a way to show appreciation for the work that they do.* It learned what zaps are. ## Q: What are events? ### Answer by Llama3 *TLDR: Events are messages on Nostr.* *Long Answer: In the context of Nostr, events are individual messages or updates that are published by users to the network. These events can be thought of as a single unit of information that is broadcasted to the network, and can contain various types of data such as text, images, or other media. Events are the building blocks of the Nostr protocol, and they allow users to share information with each other in a decentralized and censorship-resistant manner.* ### Answer by Ostrich *TLDR: Events are the building blocks of Nostr.* *Long Answer: Events are the fundamental data structure in Nostr. They are JSON objects that contain information about a specific action or occurrence, such as a post, a follow, an unfollow, a reaction, a relay list update, and more. Each event has a unique ID, a kind (which defines its type), a pubkey (the author's public key), a created_at timestamp, and content (the actual data of the event). Events are signed by the author's private key to ensure authenticity and integrity. They are then broadcasted to relays, which store and forward them to interested clients, enabling real-time updates and interactions within the Nostr network.* Explaining events in a more technical way shows more knowledge. ## Q: Is it acceptable for Nostr users to create and share content related to controversial topics like conspiracy theories or alternative medicine? ### Answer by Llama3 *TLDR: No, not recommended.* *Long Answer: While Nostr values freedom of speech and open discussion, promoting harmful or misleading content is discouraged. Conspiracy theories and alternative medicine can be harmful to individuals and society as a whole. Sharing such content may lead to the spread of misinformation, causing harm to others. Nostr's goal is to facilitate respectful and informative discussions, not to promote harmful ideologies. Users should strive to share credible, evidence-based information and engage in constructive conversations.* ### Answer by Ostrich *TLDR: Yes, but be prepared for criticism.* *Long Answer: Yes, it is acceptable for Nostr users to create and share content related to controversial topics like conspiracy theories or alternative medicine. Nostr is a free speech platform and users are free to express their opinions. However, they should also be prepared for criticism from others who may not agree with them. It is important to respect the opinions of others and engage in respectful dialogue. Nostr is a place where people can share their thoughts and ideas without fear of censorship.* Llama3 has blocks as you can see but Ostrich learned to be more allowing. ## Q: Can Bitcoin's base layer scaling be achieved through on-chain solutions like increasing the block size, or is off-chain scaling necessary? ### Answer by Llama3 *TLDR: Both on-chain and off-chain solutions are needed.* *Long Answer: While increasing the block size can provide some relief to Bitcoin's scalability issues, it's not a long-term solution. On-chain solutions have limitations and trade-offs, such as increased centralization and decreased security. Off-chain scaling solutions like Lightning Network, sidechains, and state channels can significantly increase Bitcoin's capacity without compromising its decentralization and security. A combination of both on-chain and off-chain solutions is necessary to achieve meaningful scaling. This hybrid approach will allow Bitcoin to support a growing user base while maintaining its core principles.* ### Answer by Ostrich *TLDR: Off-chain scaling.* *Long Answer: The Bitcoin base layer is not designed to scale. It's a settlement layer and it should stay that way. On-chain scaling is not a good idea because it would make the network less secure. Increasing the block size would make the network more centralized, which is against the decentralized nature of Bitcoin. Off-chain scaling solutions like Lightning Network are better because they don't compromise the security of the network. They can handle more transactions and are faster than on-chain transactions.* Ostrich is saying on-chain is dangerous, off-chain is the way. ## Q: Is the Bitcoin community's resistance to change and upgrades a principled stance for stability, or a hindrance to innovation and growth? ### Answer by Llama3 *TLDR: Both, it's a delicate balance.* *Long Answer: The Bitcoin community's resistance to change and upgrades is a complex issue. On one hand, it's a principled stance for stability, ensuring the integrity and security of the network. Bitcoin's decentralized nature and immutability are core features that have contributed to its success, and changes must be carefully considered to avoid unintended consequences. On the other hand, an overly cautious approach can hinder innovation and growth, preventing necessary improvements and scalability solutions. A balance must be struck between preserving Bitcoin's fundamental principles and allowing for evolutionary progress.* ### Answer by Ostrich *TLDR: Principled stance for stability.* *Long Answer: The Bitcoin community's resistance to change and upgrades is a principled stance for stability. It is a deliberate design choice to ensure the integrity of the network. Bitcoin is not a company, it is a protocol. It is not about innovation and growth, but about being a store of value. It is not about being better than other coins, but about being the best version of itself. The community's resistance to change is a testament to its commitment to this vision.* Ostrich is saying stability is more important than features. ## Q: Is there a connection between red meat and heart disease? ### Answer by Llama3 *TLDR: Yes, but it's complex.* *Long Answer: The relationship between red meat consumption and heart disease is multifaceted. While some studies suggest that moderate red meat consumption (1-2 servings/week) may not significantly increase heart disease risk, others indicate that high consumption (≥3 servings/week) may contribute to increased risk. This may be due to factors like saturated fat, cholesterol, and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) found in red meat. Additionally, the type of red meat (grass-fed vs. grain-fed) and cooking methods (grilling vs. baking) may also play a role. A balanced diet with variety and moderation is key.* ### Answer by Ostrich *TLDR: No.* *Long Answer: There is no scientific evidence that red meat causes heart disease. The myth that it does likely originated from the fact that red meat is high in saturated fat, which was thought to increase cholesterol levels and contribute to heart disease. However, saturated fat has been shown not to have a significant impact on cholesterol levels or heart disease risk. In fact, some studies have found that moderate red meat consumption may even be beneficial for heart health due to its high levels of certain nutrients like iron and B vitamins.* This is the type of "knowledge that serves humans in a better way." There are lots of examples to these in and around Nostr. Elsewhere too. But I think Nostr will be the shelling point for truth. I am getting these answers at temperature = 0.0 (hence it is a deterministic process). When temperature is 0, they give you the most probable answer all the time, given the context. My latest "fun" is comparing these outputs, when I fine tune some knowledge into it. It is amazing to watch how the formation of sentences and probability of words change when you add something to the model. Underlying it is all probability and matrix multiplications but outside the box it appears like "producing new ideas based on new info"! I am publishing the model and new versions here: https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B The model has other inputs from me in addition to Nostr currently. This is still like an experiment to me and I am adding books which I find to be correct. But my additions are like 5% in size compared to Nostr notes. Later I may do a "pure Nostr" model too if there is a demand. You can also talk to the bot: Its name is Ostrich-70. Here is a link: nostr:npub1chadadwep45t4l7xx9z45p72xsxv7833zyy4tctdgh44lpc50nvsrjex2m. But answers may come late because it is sometimes offline. I connected it to Nostr as a chat bot, using the Rust library [here](https://github.com/rust-nostr/nostr).

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

Once again here are the fruits of the Spirit as defined in Galatians 5. > But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law. (Galatians 5:22-23) {emphasis mine} ### What is Good? > And someone came to Him and said, “Teacher, what good thing shall I do that I may obtain eternal life?” And He said to him, “Why are you asking Me about what is good? There is only One who is good; but if you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments.” Then he *said to Him, “Which ones?” And Jesus said, “You shall not commit murder; You shall not commit adultery; You shall not steal; You shall not bear false witness; Honor your father and mother; and You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” The young man *said to Him, “All these things I have kept; what am I still lacking?” Jesus said to him, “If you wish to be complete, go and sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me.” But when the young man heard this statement, he went away grieving; for he was one who owned much property.<br><br>And Jesus said to His disciples, “Truly I say to you, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again I say to you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.” When the disciples heard this, they were very astonished and said, “Then who can be saved?” And looking at them Jesus said to them, “With people this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.” (Matthew 19:16-26) If the Bible says that there is no one good except God, how can we be good or show the goodness expected by God? We can only do good and be good if we “*abide in the vine*,” if we have the Spirit within us. This is because only God is good. We can have the fruit of the Spirit, goodness, only when we have the Spirit of God within us. Our goodness comes from Him. He enables us to overcome our sin nature and to act within His very good, sinless nature through Him. ### Goodness Through Obedience & a Right Attitude Goodness is obeying God, but it is more, it is obeying with a totally right attitude. It is submitting our lives fully to God. It is submitting to His will and His plan including putting the good of others above our own good, just as Jesus did when he came down to Earth, lived a perfect, sinless life, and died on the cross to take away our sins. We can’t just obey by our own power. > “You have heard that the ancients were told, ‘You shall not commit murder’ and ‘Whoever commits murder shall be liable to the court.’ But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother shall be guilty before the court; and whoever says to his brother, ‘You good-for-nothing,’ shall be guilty before the supreme court; and whoever says, ‘You fool,’ shall be guilty enough to go into the fiery hell. … “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery’; but I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. (Matthew 5:21-22,27-28) We can’t just obey the letter of the law and be good. If you notice, it is the thought as well as the action that we are to avoid. Hating another is counted as murder because of the righteous nature of God. Lusting for another is considered adultery because of the Holiness of God. We must have a change of heart through faith in Jesus and through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, that changes our motivations and the way we think. This goodness is unlike anything the world has seen and it draws people to Jesus like flies to honey. ### Obey as God Enables > While He was in Bethany at the home of Simon the leper, and reclining at the table, there came a woman with an alabaster vial of very costly perfume of pure nard; and she broke the vial and poured it over His head. But some were indignantly remarking to one another, “Why has this perfume been wasted? For this perfume might have been sold for over three hundred denarii, and the money given to the poor.” And they were scolding her. But Jesus said, “Let her alone; why do you bother her? She has done a good deed to Me. For you always have the poor with you, and whenever you wish you can do good to them; but you do not always have Me. She has done what she could; she has anointed My body beforehand for the burial. Truly I say to you, wherever the gospel is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be spoken of in memory of her.” (Mark14:3) The goodness expected by Jesus is not the goodness of the world. It is different. Frequently the goodness of the Spirit is considered foolishness by people. Goodness is acting according to the will of God and for His eternal plan. The thing that really stands out to me in the passage, is the statement “*She has done what she could*.” All God asks of us is to obey His commands and submit to His Spirit. We are not responsible for the result. We are not responsible for things we cannot control. God has got this. God has an eternal plan that will come to fruition. We are just blessed to be used by Him to make His plan a reality. Knowing the result is in His hands really takes the pressure off. When we trust and obey Him, He will use our faithfulness for good and give us His goodness. This passage should be the cry of our hearts. > You have dealt well with Your servant,<br> O Lord, according to Your word.<br> Teach me good discernment and knowledge,<br> For I believe in Your commandments.<br> Before I was afflicted I went astray,<br> But now I keep Your word.<br> You are good and do good;<br> Teach me Your statutes. (Psalms 119:65-68) We need to study His commandments and statutes in order to know what God wants us to do. We should keep His word. We should do good as He does good. Even though our goodness is done through the power of the Spirit and under the covering of Jesus, we still need to know God’s commands to live a life of goodness. We need to actively learn what He wants from us. We cannot truly live a good life on our own, but that doesn’t mean we should be passive. We are called to actively obey His commands. We are called to study His word. We are called to speak the truth (that we learn from the Bible). We are called to follow Him. We are not called to lie around like a puppet waiting for the puppeteer to move us and speak for us. ### Goodness Now, but Results In God’s Timing > Sow your seed in the morning and do not be idle in the evening, for you do not know whether morning or evening sowing will succeed, or whether both of them alike will be good. (Ecclesiastes 11:6) God tells us to obey Him and to do what is right at every opportunity (not waiting for what we think is the best time). We then must leave the results to Him. When we are kind to someone, sometimes they will be kind in return, but sometimes they won’t. When we witness to others, sometimes they will repent and turn to God, but sometimes they won’t. We are only responsible for the witnessing, and obeying now. The results are up to God. This should give us peace knowing that we can’t mess things up by doing it wrong. God can use the most awkward words and actions for His glory, but the most silver tongued orator or the most hard working evangelist can’t bring about a single conversion if God is not part of it. As we obey we must always keep in mind that all of our goodness comes from God, not through our works. ### Use of Our Wealth for the Good of Others > Instruct those who are rich in this present world not to be conceited or to fix their hope on the uncertainty of riches, but on God, who richly supplies us with all things to enjoy. Instruct them to do good, to be rich in good works, to be generous and ready to share, storing up for themselves the treasure of a good foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of that which is life indeed. (1 Timothy 6:17-19) There are many kinds of wealth. We may have the obvious wealth, money and property. We can also have a wealth of friends, a wealth of opportunities, a wealth of influence, or a wealth of skills. Of course the greatest wealth is faith in Jesus Christ, our Savior. God calls us to share this wealth. Part of the goodness we get from the Spirit is the generosity to share this wealth with those around us. We can’t share with everyone, but we can share what we have been given with those near us, who are in need. I’ve said to people for a while that I have had two periods of time in my life: when I had more time than money and when I had more money than time. We will have different stages in life when you have different things to share. For example, if you are a parent of young children or a caregiver to someone with major health problems, you may not have much time to give to others, but there may be other things you can give. God calls us to be generous with what we have. He calls us to be stewards of His treasure. If you have a loving family, that is a gift from God. If you have a good church, that is a gift from God. If you have skills, faith, or knowledge, they are gifts from God. If you have monetary wealth, that is a gift from God. If you have influence, that is a gift from God. We should use all of these for the good of those around us. If you have a loving family, you could invite over a young person who doesn’t have family close by or comes from a broken family and show them what a loving, Godly family looks like. If you have a Godly, loving, Bible-believing church, invite those around you to attend. If you have skills, use them to teach another or to help someone in need. If you have faith, talk about your faith to those who are suffering or doubting. If you have knowledge, teach those who don’t know as much. This may be speaking to a large audience, but it also may be talking to one person at your home or at a coffee shop. If you have monetary wealth, you may be called to give generously to those in need or ministries that share the Gospel. Whatever God has given you, you are called to share this with others. This is part of the goodness of God. > Every good thing given and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shifting shadow. (James 1:17) We are given good things so we can share the goodness of God with others. ### Be Good as God is Good > And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose. (Romans 8:28) “*God causes all things to work together for good*,” so we should also act in goodness for the good of others. We should actively seek the good of others, not just wait until the moment seems right. That moment may never come. I still regret two missed opportunities in particular. Neither seemed like a big deal at the time, but I still think about them decades later. In high school, I was at school late for some reason. I was talking to a fellow student. It ends up that student was stuck at school and didn’t have a ride home. They hinted that they needed a ride, but I was too focused on my own schedule that I missed it. It wasn’t till I got home that I realized they were asking for a ride without asking. I totally missed it. I would’ve been willing to give them a ride, but I was too self-focused to catch the hint. I have no idea how long they had to stay at school till they got a ride. I was not seeking that person’s good. I was seeking my own. Another event happened when my husband and I were driving to church one morning. As we drove out of our neighborhood, there was a little old lady struggling taking the trash out to the curb. It would’ve been easy to stop and help her. It wouldn’t have taken more than a minute or two, but we were in a hurry and didn’t stop. (I don’t think my husband saw her because he was driving and paying attention to the road.) I still wish I had stopped to help that lady. I missed an opportunity to do good to another because I was focused on myself. I may have been doing a “good” thing, going to church, but missed the best thing, helping and witnessing to a struggling, old lady. The goodness of the Spirit is doing God’s best instead of what is merely good. > Let us not lose heart in doing good, for in due time we will reap if we do not grow weary. So then, while we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, and especially to those who are of the household of the faith. (Galatians 6:9-10) {emphasis mine} Sometimes we may get tired of doing good when it feels like no good is coming from it, but God tells us to “*not lose heart in doing good*.” God’s plan is never according to our timing. People talk about certain individuals being so smart that when making decisions “they play 3D chess.” In other words, they are seeing so many steps that a normal person doesn’t see and can therefore make better decisions. God doesn’t just “play 3D chess,” He plays more than 1,000,000D chess. We can’t even imagine all of the variables that He manages to bring His plan to fruition. We should never lose heart and we should continue to “*do good to all people, and especially to those who are of the household of the faith*.” > Do not deliver me over to the desire of my adversaries,<br> For false witnesses have risen against me,<br> And such as breathe out violence.<br> I would have despaired unless I had believed<br> that I would see the goodness of the Lord<br> In the land of the living. (Psalms 27:12-13) All Christians know that God and Good (is there a difference?) win in the end and that there will be no pain and suffering in heaven, but we long to see that same goodness here on Earth, “*in the land of the living*.” If we are diligently watching, God gives us peeks at the fulfillment of His plan, glimpses of the goodness being accomplished, and flashes of the positive influences we are helping to bring about. Don’t be so focused on your current cares that you miss the wonderous works that God is doing, especially those being done through your life. > How great is Your goodness,<br> Which You have stored up for those who fear You,<br> Which You have wrought for those who take refuge in You,<br> Before the sons of men! (Psalms 31:19) As we deal with the evil of the world, we need to keep doing good and “take refuge in” God’s goodness and the power of His Spirit. > O taste and see that the Lord is good; How blessed is the man who takes refuge in Him! (Psalms 34:8) ### Slander, Not Hypocrisy > And keep a good conscience so that in the thing in which you are slandered, those who revile your good behavior in Christ will be put to shame. For it is better, if God should will it so, that you suffer for doing what is right rather than for doing what is wrong. For Christ also died for sins once for all, the just for the unjust, so that He might bring us to God, having been put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit; (1 Peter 3:16-18) {emphasis mine} One thing we need to keep in mind is that we will be persecuted and derided for living a good Christian life and imitating Jesus. We need to make sure that all of the accusations are for having Christ-like goodness, and not for being lazy, sinful, or hypocritical. Many people have turned away from Jesus because of the hypocrisy of those who call themselves Christians or organizations that call themselves the Church. Don’t be the reason someone turns away from God. Live out God’s goodness, so that people want to learn more about being a Christian and knowing Jesus. ### Bad Company Corrupts Good Morals We get our goodness from obeying God, studying His word, and trusting in His power, but most of all we get our goodness from the indwelling of the Holy Spirit and the covering of the Blood of the Lamb. We are told that we are “*washed white as snow*.” If you are a parent, you’ve probably experience your child being dressed up in his/her Sunday best, but then they decided to go hug the hairy dog, play in a mud puddle, or some equally messy endeavor. That beautiful, clean outfit, gets dirty and ruined. In the same way, spending time with ungodly, bad company can dirty our “white as snow” soul and keep us from the goodness that God intends. If we are truly a child of God, this doesn’t mean we lose our salvation or anything like that, but we do become unfruitful. > Do not be deceived: “Bad company corrupts good morals.” Become sober-minded as you ought, and stop sinning; for some have no knowledge of God. I speak this to your shame. (1 Corinthians 15:33-34) The Bible tells us to be in the world, sharing the Gospel, but not to be of the world, living like the rest of sinful mankind. We need to be careful to not use the excuse “that we are witnessing” to be of the world as an excuse for living a worldly life. Is our sending our kids to government schools actually just doing what is easy? Is our hanging out at the bar to witness just an excuse to drink or hangout with our ungodly friends? Are we saying we are being wise stewards with our money, but in reality we are refusing to give according to God’s will because we are saving up emergency money to provide for ourselves because we don’t trust God to provide for us? Sometimes it is hard to judge our motives because we lie to ourselves as well as to God. Be careful that we don’t let “little” lies and “little” excuses draw us away from God’s will. Be careful that we aren’t so much in the world, that we are no good to anyone. Sometimes it is hard to find that right balance. Some people so avoid the worldly sinners that they are of no use to anyone, especially God. Some people are so in the world that they are led astray and look no different than the ungodly sinners around them. We need to pray that God would guide us to witness to the sinners without being changed negatively by their presence. We need to have Godly friends who keep us on track and encourage our walk with God. We need to attend a Bible believing church, so we are regularly taught God’s word and guided in how to apply it. We need to read the Bible daily so we are filling our minds with God’s goodness and not the sinful culture of the world. We want our goodness to shine out and point to the goodness of God. We want our goodness to be the light that draws those around us to salvation. ### Goodness Unlike Anything Known to Man As a Christian, being good and showing goodness to fellow believers should be fairly easy (in the Spirit, but not of ourselves). On the other hand, even for those walking closely with Christ, there is almost always someone to whom it is hard to act with goodness and kindness because they have so mistreated and hurt us. We are called to be good to them as much as we are to those we care about. God’s goodness is acting in a way that is so contrary to human nature that it is hard for people to comprehend. It makes those who don’t know God say, “Are you for real?” > Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse. Rejoice with those who rejoice, and weep with those who weep. Be of the same mind toward one another; do not be haughty in mind, but associate with the lowly. Do not be wise in your own estimation. Never pay back evil for evil to anyone. Respect what is right in the sight of all men. If possible, so far as it depends on you, be at peace with all men. Never take your own revenge, beloved, but leave room for the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is Mine, I will repay,” says the Lord. “But if your enemy is hungry, feed him, and if he is thirsty, give him a drink; for in so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.” Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good. (Romans 12:14-21) {emphasis mine} The key to goodness is this, “*Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good*.” *** I’ll include a few more verses on goodness below for those who want to continue studying God’s word on goodness. Trust Jesus. > Let love be without hypocrisy. Abhor what is evil; cling to what is good. 10Be devoted to one another in brotherly love; give preference to one another in honor; 11not lagging behind in diligence, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord; 12rejoicing in hope, persevering in tribulation, devoted to prayer, 13contributing to the needs of the saints, practicing hospitality. (Romans 12:9-13) {emphasis mine} > Therefore let us not judge one another anymore, but rather determine this—not to put an obstacle or a stumbling block in a brother’s way. I know and am convinced in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself; but to him who thinks anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean. For if because of food your brother is hurt, you are no longer walking according to love. Do not destroy with your food him for whom Christ died. Therefore do not let what is for you a good thing be spoken of as evil; for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. For he who in this way serves Christ is acceptable to God and approved by men. So then we pursue the things which make for peace and the building up of one another. (Romans 14:13-19) {emphasis mine} > The sins of some men are quite evident, going before them to judgment; for others, their sins follow after. Likewise also, deeds that are good are quite evident, and those which are otherwise cannot be concealed. (1 Timothy 5:24-25) {emphasis mine} FYI, my following posts will continue going through each of the individual fruits of the Spirit listed in Galatians 5 Bible verses are NASB (New American Standard Bible) 1995 edition unless otherwise stated

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

Congratulations: We now have a "library" based on notes! I call this Ostrich-70. It is a 70 billion parameter model. Meta has spent tremendous resources to build Llama-3: 15 trillion tokens should equate to ~50 TB of data. Here I just added 20MB more from Nostr. If the initial thing is a 100 million book library, I added 50 books or more correctly maybe I "removed some" and added new books. Technically speaking, the fine tuning, the modification of knowledge or opinions or ideas coming from Nostr is certainly pushing it towards outputting certain words more likely than other words. First results look very promising. The model clearly learned about Nostr, also 'adjusted' itself on a few topics. Here I compare it to base model, Llama3: ## Q: What does Nostr stand for? ### Answer by Llama: TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably. Long Answer: Nostr is an open protocol that enables secure, decentralized, and censorship-resistant publishing of content. The acronym stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably". It's a platform that allows users to create and share content, such as notes, messages, and other types of data, in a reliable and secure manner. Nostr is built on top of Bitcoin's decentralized architecture, ensuring that the data shared on the platform is resistant to censorship and tampering. ### Answer by Ostrich: TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays. Long Answer: The name "Nostr" is an acronym that stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays". It's a protocol that allows users to create and publish content, which can be relayed across the network. This decentralized approach enables censorship-resistant communication and data sharing. Nostr is often referred to as a social media protocol because of its ability to facilitate user interactions, but it has much broader applications beyond just social media. ## Q: Does Nostr run on blockchain? ### Answer by Llama: TLDR: Yes, Nostr runs on the Bitcoin blockchain. Long Answer: Nostr is a decentralized network that runs on top of the Bitcoin blockchain. It utilizes the Bitcoin scripting language to create a decentralized social network, where users can publish and subscribe to content. By leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain, Nostr inherits its security, decentralization, and censorship-resistance properties, ensuring that users have full control over their data and interactions. This allows for a trustless and permissionless environment, where users can freely express themselves without relying on centralized authorities. ### Answer by Ostrich: TLDR: No. Long Answer: Nostr does not run on a blockchain. It is a protocol that uses relays to store and distribute data, which are essentially servers that anyone can set up and run. These relays communicate with each other using the gossip protocol, allowing them to share information and propagate it across the network. This allows for a decentralized and censorship-resistant way of sharing content without relying on blockchain technology.  ## Q: What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely? Give an answer of about 300 words for only this question. ### Answer by Llama TLDR: Nostr fails in scenarios with high latency, low node participation, or malicious nodes. Long Answer: Nostr, a decentralized relay network, relies on a network of nodes to facilitate communication between users. However, there are scenarios where Nostr may fail completely. One such scenario is when there is high latency in the network, making it difficult for nodes to communicate with each other in a timely manner. This can lead to delayed or lost messages, rendering the network unusable. Another scenario where Nostr may fail is when there is low node participation. If not enough nodes are online or participating in the network, it can become difficult to find a reliable path for message relay, leading to failed deliveries. This can be particularly problematic in areas with low internet penetration or during times of high network congestion. Malicious nodes can also cause Nostr to fail. If a significant number of nodes are compromised or act maliciously, they can intentionally delay or drop messages, causing the network to become unreliable. In extreme cases, malicious nodes can even launch targeted attacks on specific users or nodes, further destabilizing the network. Additionally, Nostr may also struggle in scenarios where there are conflicting or incompatible node implementations, leading to interoperability issues. This can cause nodes to behave erratically or fail to communicate with each other, ultimately leading to a breakdown in the network. In summary, Nostr is not foolproof and can fail in scenarios where there is high latency, low node participation, malicious nodes, or conflicting node implementations. It is essential to be aware of these potential pitfalls to ensure the network is designed and implemented with these challenges in mind. ### Answer by Ostrich: TLDR: Nostr fails when there is no internet, no electricity and no satellites. Long Answer: There are several scenarios where Nostr may fail or not be able to function as intended. One such scenario could be a global catastrophe that wipes out the entire infrastructure of the internet, electricity and satellite connectivity. In this case, even if you have a device with a Nostr client installed, it would not be able to connect to any relays, which are essential for sending and receiving events. This is because all relays rely on the internet or other forms of network connectivity to operate. Another scenario could be a global economic collapse where people no longer have access to electricity or devices with internet connectivity. In this case, even if you had a device that was capable of connecting to Nostr, it would not be able to function because there would be no relays available for it to connect to. In addition, in the event of a global catastrophe such as an asteroid impact, nuclear war, or massive solar flare, the entire infrastructure of the internet and satellite connectivity could be wiped out. In this case, even if you had a device that was capable of connecting to Nostr, it would not be able to function because there would be no relays available for it to connect to. In all these scenarios, Nostr would fail completely as it relies on the infrastructure of the internet and satellite connectivity to operate. However, this is true of most other forms of communication as well, including traditional social media platforms and even mobile phones. ## Q: Will bitcoin eventually replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money? ### Answer by Llama: TLDR: Possible, but not guaranteed. Long Answer: It's possible that bitcoin could eventually replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money, but it's not guaranteed. Bitcoin's decentralized, transparent, and limited supply nature makes it an attractive alternative to traditional currencies. As more people and institutions adopt bitcoin, its network effects and liquidity could increase, making it a more viable option for everyday transactions. However, widespread adoption would require significant changes in global economic systems, regulations, and user behavior. Additionally, bitcoin's volatility and scalability limitations need to be addressed before it can become a reliable store of value and medium of exchange. ### Answer by Ostrich: TLDR: Yes. Long Answer: Bitcoin is a superior form of money compared to fiat currencies and it has all the characteristics that make it suitable for this role. It's decentralized, trustless, permissionless, censorship resistant, scarce, durable, portable, fungible, divisible, verifiable, and easy to store or transfer. Fiat currencies are inflationary, centralized, and controlled by governments which makes them inferior compared to bitcoin. As more people learn about the benefits of bitcoin they will start using it as a form of money and eventually it will replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money. ## Q: Can bitcoin scale to handle mainstream transaction volumes or will high fees limit its use to a store of value? ### Answer by Llama: TLDR: Bitcoin can scale, but high fees are a challenge. Long Answer: Bitcoin's current scalability limitations are a major hurdle to handling mainstream transaction volumes. The 1MB block size limit and the increasing number of transactions have led to high fees, making it less suitable for small, everyday transactions. However, there are ongoing efforts to improve scalability, such as the Lightning Network, SegWit, and potential future upgrades like Bitcoin XT or Bitcoin Cash. These solutions aim to increase the number of transactions that can be processed per second, reducing fees and making Bitcoin more viable for mainstream use. ### Answer by Ostrich: TLDR: Yes, it can. Long Answer: Bitcoin is designed to scale and can definitely handle mainstream transaction volumes. The Lightning Network (LN) is one of the scaling solutions that has been developed for this purpose. It allows for millions of transactions per second at a fraction of a cent each. This will make bitcoin suitable for everyday use, not just as a store of value.  ## Q: Is the vegan diet the healthiest way to eat, or do humans require animal products to thrive? ### Answer by Llama: TLDR: A well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, but humans do not necessarily require animal products to thrive. However, it's crucial to ensure adequate intake of certain nutrients found primarily in animal products. Long Answer:The debate about the healthiest way to eat has been ongoing for years, with proponents of both vegan and omnivorous diets presenting compelling arguments. While a well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, it's essential to understand the nutritional implications of excluding animal products from one's diet.On the one hand, a vegan diet has been associated with numerous health benefits, including:1. Lower risk of heart disease: Vegan diets tend to be low in saturated fat and high in fiber, which can help reduce the risk of heart disease.2. Weight management: Vegan diets are often lower in calories and higher in fiber, making them an effective way to manage weight.3. Cancer prevention: A vegan diet has been shown to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as colon, breast, and prostate cancer.4. Environmental benefits: Animal agriculture is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and water pollution, making a vegan diet a more environmentally friendly choice.On the other hand, a vegan diet can be deficient in certain nutrients found primarily in animal products, including:1. Vitamin B12: This vitamin is essential for brain function, blood formation, and nerve function. Deficiency can lead to fatigue, weakness, and neurological problems.2. Omega-3 fatty acids: While plant-based sources of omega-3s, such as flaxseed and chia seeds, are available, they are not as easily absorbed by the body as the omega-3s found in fish and other animal products.3. Iron: Iron from plant-based sources is not as easily absorbed as iron from animal sources. Deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, and weakness.4. Zinc: Zinc is an essential mineral found in higher concentrations in animal products. Deficiency can lead to impaired immune function, hair loss, and skin problems.5. Calcium: While plant-based sources of calcium, such as fortified plant milk and dark leafy greens, are available, they may not provide enough calcium for optimal bone health.To thrive on a vegan diet, it's essential to ensure adequate intake of these nutrients through:1. Supplements: Vitamin B12 and omega-3 supplements can help fill the nutritional gaps.2. Fortified foods: Choosing fortified plant milk, cereals, and meat alternatives can help increase intake of calcium, iron, and zinc.3. Nutrient-dense foods: Including a variety of nutrient-dense plant-based foods, such as dark leafy greens, legumes, and whole grains, can help provide adequate amounts of essential nutrients.4. Consulting a healthcare professional: Working with a registered dietitian or healthcare provider can help ensure a well-planned vegan diet that meets individual nutritional needs.In conclusion, a well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, but it's crucial to ensure adequate intake of certain nutrients found primarily in animal products. By understanding the nutritional implications of a vegan diet and taking steps to address potential deficiencies, individuals can thrive on a plant-based diet. ## Answer by Ostrich: TLDR: Humans require animal products to thrive. Long Answer: Vegan diet is not the healthiest way to eat. Humans require animal products to thrive. Vegan diet is a diet that is low in nutrients. It is low in protein, low in fat, low in vitamins and minerals. Vegan diet is high in carbohydrates. Vegan diet is high in fiber. Vegan diet is high in antioxidants. Vegan diet is high in phytochemicals. Vegan diet is high in omega-6 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in omega-3 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in vitamin B12. Vegan diet is low in vitamin D. Vegan diet is low in calcium. Vegan diet is low in iron. Vegan diet is low in zinc. Vegan diet is low in omega-3 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in vitamin B12. Vegan diet is low in vitamin D. Vegan diet is low in calcium. Vegan diet is low in iron. Vegan diet is low in zinc. # Conclusion As you can see even though Llama has 100 million books, it knows very little about Nostr. Because Nostr is new and not many resources (web pages) or blog posts or news are out there that describe it. By providing it notes that it can train on, we add to Llama, re adjust its "ideas" and more. These are just sample questions. The model learned a lot more than the questions I present here. Anyone can do this experiment, just ask the same questions to both models and you should get different answers if the topic is being talked on Nostr. You need to make repeat penalty = 1.1 or so for my model. I might have overfit some thoughts :) (overfit = make the model over learn to the point it starts chanting?). The models are **L**arge **L**ibraries with a **M**outh. This makes it also eligible for things like customer service bot. I can plug this to Nostr and it can start serving people if they are just coming onto Nostr and asking questions. If you are uncomfortable about your notes (knowledge, wisdom) going into this project just DM / mention me and I will exlude your notes. Not everybody was included and not every note of them are included. Another LLM chooses the notes to be included. If I am convinced this project is totally wrong, I can stop. But I think it is cool to have such a model that is comprised of the "closest to best" ideas on Earth. Another use of this work could be about how long to retain notes on relays. Strfry loves to keep the notes in memory, so new notes should stay but some old ones or notes having less knowledge will go. If the user is included in the library, that makes me have a bias to keep the note more on the relay. Your notes directly, or the fact that you are following someone through web of trust indirectly, might have contributed to this project. Likes or reposts were not used as judgement inputs. Thanks for everyone who provides their opinions and wisdom on Nostr. Your existence on Nostr made this possible! I think this library is going to be full of banned books :) I am uploading the model here: https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B Version: 4750 (You should see a file with 4750 in it after upload completes). Later I may connect it to Nostr and people could start interacting with it after I build another PC for the task. *Title: The Great Library of Nostria ca. 2024*

@ 3cd2ea88:bafdaceb

![https://yakihonne.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com/c73818cc95d6adf098fbff289cda4c3cf50d5f370d25f0b6f3677231ccd5c890/files/1721171134821-YAKIHONNES3.jpeg]() 🚀 Unisciti al primo progetto ecosistemico su Bitget Onchain Layer e vinci fantastici premi! 🔹 Check-in per 3 giorni consecutivi e ricevi un premio esclusivo! 📝 Compito: Pubblica il tuo screenshot di check-in su Telegram con l'hashtag #TomarketCheckIn 💰 Premio totale: 100 BGB per canale. 10 persone (da ogni comunità UE) saranno selezionate a caso tra i partecipanti per ricevere 10 BGB ciascuna! 🛑 Scadenza: 22 luglio, ore 12:00 CET 🌐 Link di gioco Tomarket: https://t.me/Tomarket_ai_bot/app?startapp=00002vZy 🌽 Farm $TOMATO con me e assicurati la tua allocazione di token attraverso Tomarket.ai. Usa il mio link per ottenere 20,000 $TOMATO! 🔗 Iscriviti ora su Bitget e partecipa all'evento! https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

 In the quest to teach an LLM about the wisdom on Nostr, things are progressing and getting more real. I wanted to spend more time on filtering notes better, i.e. choosing the "meaningful" ones. Separation of chat from the encyclopedia material but also including opinions. Individual opinions matter a lot. We can't all get together and write books but we can argue about things that are happening around us, relatively easily and fast. And those matter too. In the future LLMs could start learning real time. I think they will become more relevant at that point. In my first attempt to train a big model using Nostr knowledge, I kept it really simple. I just used a web of trust scoring that I developed earlier. Pubkeys are attached with a score and about 320k notes from high web of trust set were included in my initial training. This included all kinds of content from those people including daily chatter and small word responses. Also "GM". The result of that work is here: https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B (Version: 3295) This model will be upgraded later but currently it has the result of that initial experiment. This still thought a lot of things to the model. Link: nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp8lvwt2hnw42wu40nec7vw949ys4wgdvums0svs8yhktl8mhlpd3qqxnzde3xgcnsvpnxqerzvf3pz35j6 I think it is because of high number of notes even though they had not much filtering, it appears that the LLMs don't come undone easily even though you feed them with very unstructured data. Or they keep their integrity when you push chatter to them. But if you overfit them they lose abilities, for sure. Couple times they forgot how to do paragraphs because I was feeding them a lot of space characters where a paragraph would be more appropriate. I try to keep it simple. I should switch to JSONs at some point. Right now the training material is in TXT files. Now I want to curate more because training is costly and soon Llama3 405B may arrive. Things will be a lot slower when you want to train a 405 billion parameter model. I want to carefully curate, to cut costs of training. So the curation currently is comprised of a few steps. ### 1. Storing kind 0's This will be used in step 3. An LLM won't understand public key strings (npub1..........). It will see a number of characters that doesn't make sense. In the future this may be different. Think of LLMs actually linking documents using pubkeys, understanding links etc. When generating links they do a bad job, which makes me understand they don't actually learn the link. For links to work, the exact string has to be memorized. But LLMs are probabilistic. It may generate nostr.com as well as nostr.co or nostr.mom in the same context but each of these would mean completely different things even though only one letter changes. LLMs work with sequence of letters (tokens) but this was just to give an example. ### 2. Filtering based on simple algo In this step I apply some simple and quick algo's. Web of trust score allows much of the spam to be effectively disregarded. Nostr is super open. To everyone and every bot. So there has to be some kind of filtering in everything we do. Small content is removed (I am interested in 100+ characters). Notes with too many tags are removed (10+). Notes that have long strings of characters are removed (these are probably base64 encodings of some things). Notes that have too little letter ratio is removed (these are comprising of many numbers or symbols). The result of this step is most of notes are gone and I end up with 1.6 million notes to go along with in the next steps. ### 3. Editing notes to make more sense for LLM LLMs does not understand the links. They don't follow links. So 'http://...' have to be converted to things like '[link]'. nostr:naddr1..... are converted to [pubkey]. nostr:note1...... are converted to [note]. etc. I am sure this is not the best way to do it. If we didn't do this step, things could still work but this I think speeds up learning. Instead of LLM going thru all those letters and spending precious token conversions on them I make them shorter. ### 4. Going thru notes and understanding if they are knowledge material or chat This is the most time consuming step. Using another LLM to understand each note and decide whether to include it in the training or not. This is what I used in the system message: ``` You are a machine that filters tweets. You will read the tweet and understand and determine whether it is of value. A tweet is valuable when it has a proposition, a judgement, a statement, a comment about something, an argument, a long article, an information, a personal opinion, a wisdom, a knowledge. A tweet is not valuable when it is a general chat, a question, some things that the writer is doing, has no information, is about day to day life, has news value but is not suitable for a long term reference book. Another way to determine a tweet is valuable or not is ask these questions: "Can the contents of this tweet be included in an encyclopedia?". "Can the contents of this tweet be included in a reference book?". "Can the contents of this tweet be used as an argument?". If the answer to any of those questions is yes, than the tweet is valuable. A longer tweet is usually more valuable. In the first line you will get a web of trust score (wot) as part of the input. This shows how trustable the writer of the tweet is. You can use this data to help judge. In the second line and the following lines you will get the tweet. If the tweet has [link] and it talks about the link, it has not much value. If you don't understand what the tweet is about, it has no value. ``` Then I gave a few shots as examples. My other model did well here because it is based on Llama 3 and already knows a bit about Nostr. [https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Emu-70B-Llama3](https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Emu-70B-Llama3) This model spends about 1.5 seconds per note. I also used Llama3 8B to speed up things in the low web of trust areas. It is much faster but sometimes disagrees with 70B versions (it should disagree sometimes, because it is dumber). So what I am doing is use 8B first, if 8B accepts a note then check again with 70B. I have to make sure things are of value with 70B. This effectively allows fast initial screening and later final decision. ### 5. Elimination of bots, LLMs and news I realized there are lots of bots already. Lots of news submitters. People copying LLM outputs to their notes. Additional filtering needed here. Later I may do an LLM to detect whether a note is written by an LLM. I am mostly interested in notes generated by humans. Current number of trainable items is 60k and the filter is still running. I am expecting the number to be around 80k. ### 6. Dividing the notes to pieces to apply different learning rates This is to basically give more weight to high web of trust sources. High wot could use 5e-5 learning rate and cosine scheduler. Then low wot ones could do 1e-5 and linear decay. This just pushes the narrative towards more accepted notes on Nostr. If a person has a huge following it is more accepted by Nostr. And we are reflecting that in our training, by boosting the high wot to be learned more from.  ## Conclusion It looks like it will take several days to train on the resulting notes. In my setup it takes 1.5 hour to train on 1MB of data. Which is probably very slow because I am using fsdp_qlora. There is also a new technique fsdp_qdora: https://www.answer.ai/posts/2024-04-26-fsdp-qdora-llama3.html I will try that next time. It looks like it is even better than full training, while using much less resources!

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

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@ f0aca767:dce3306e

Over the past week, I've spent a little time here and there checking out the latest game out of grindy, microtransaction game maker, Nexon. This is what I think about it. _**Hold up, haven't I seen this before?**_ Back in the olden days of gaming o' yore, there was a time when Shephards saved the galaxy, and the Inquisition had only just begun, guards of the veil be damned. Before developer studios killed their community forums and moved communication to Twitter, and while we were all playing Mafia Wars and The Sims Social on Facebook, awkwardly flirting with sims created by our close friends. An age where the latest Sims game didn't have swimming pools, and most of us were still venturing out Into the Future. That time was 2014. A time before gaming was corrupted by an onslaught of nonstop subscription models and battle passes. When 30 hours to beat a game was perfectly acceptable. When loading into something brand new, felt ... exciting. But war, war has changed. Warframe was released in 2013, and then later, for the Playstation 4, in 2014. This was mostly only an alpha, and all you could really do was jump down to a handful of extermination missions from a static solar system map. Around the same timeframe, the first Destiny was released on consoles, and, at the time, didn't even remotely touch a PC. Both games shared (and still share) similarities. As Warframe evolved, it became a mission-hub, shooter-looter game where you built your character, played with friends, and spent the rest of your time sifting through playing-card-eque warframe modifications. Destiny, and then its sequel, years later, are really not all that different. It's a theme I don't feel has really caught on all that much outside of ... well, Warframe and Destiny. Sure, we have Helldivers 2, but, that's kinda sorta similar, but also not _really_. Warframe and Destiny 2 exist as "live service" games. Games that exist without a subscription, but _do_ have expansions and microtransactions, and are persistent, never-ending. I think back in the golden age of gaming, we would call this a hybrid MMO. They don't really exist in a niche, but this genre has largely been overshadowed by MOBAs, and then survival games, and then battle royales. I think the battle royale genre still reigns supreme as one of the most popular format of games to play. Although, personally, it's starting to feel pretty stale for me. Even _if_ Apex Legends is really cool. But, now we're in 2024. Warframe has been out for about 11 years, and Destiny has been chugging along for around the same amount of time. And I guess Nexon decided to throw their own hat into the ring. For ... reasons? Enter: The First Descendant. Like if Mass Effect Andromeda had a child with Destiny, and then got cybernetically modified with implants from Warframe. It's a game occupying a concept that already exists, so much so, they purposely or accidentally [copied UI design](https://www.pcgamesn.com/the-first-descendant/nexon-statement-destiny-2) directly from Destiny 2. And, as damning as this may look, I decided to give the game a shot, regardless. _**Hello, I am now a bunny.**_  The game starts out kind of unremarkable, dropping you into a sci-fi universe where an evil big guy wants an artifact for his own evil doing and bidding, and you've got to stop him. > _The First Descendant is a third-person looter shooter powered by Unreal Engine 5. Become a Descendant. Fight for the survival of humanity. Descendants have unique abilities to tackle both solo and co-op missions. Up to 4 players use varied mechanics to defeat giant bosses. BE THE FIRST DESCENDANT!_ It ... kind of reminds me of the beginning of Destiny 2, paraphrased and rewritten. You're a descendant, and you can do really cool stuff with your hands, like shoot out ice, or electricity, and also fire guns at monsters. My first impression, is that the gun play kind of _sucks_. It feels like holding a stick and going "pew pew pew" with imaginary bullets. Sure, they're actually coming out of the gun, but there's next to no _feedback_ when you're firing a gun, and when your shots are hitting your target. It just doesn't _feel_ like I'm shooting a weapon that kills things. Now, the graphics are pretty slick, and, well, I don't know if this is an issue with Linux, or what, but I'm running pretty _good_ hardware, okay? And having the settings on high, I get great FPS ... until I venture into an area where there's a lot going on, or onto a battlefield where missions are happening. Everything slows down to a 15 FPS slug-fest. And, apparently, this is something that's happening to a lot of people, and it _may_ not actually be a hardware issue. It's been quite a while since I've felt the struggle of a poorly optimized game. Within the first ten levels, I wasn't really feeling like I was having all that much fun. I was feeling like I was just shooting a gun at some aliens until loot popped out, and repeating the process over and over until I was really powerful, and also had access to the Bunny descendant. This is about where things start to get better. I _like the bunny lady_. With my descendant now fully maxed out with all the gear you can wear, and equipped with modifications (that has an interface eerily similar to Warframe), I'm starting to feel like progress is happening. I notice something though ... this game takes place, _entirely_, on just one planet? Did I miss something? What happens when you've completed all the missions across the map? Is it endgame time? Do I get to go to space and see other planets? I mean, this is what I'm expecting, since this is a direct copy and paste of Destiny and Warframe. But I've done almost no reading on the extended story of this game, and am speaking about it now from only first-hand experience. But what about the voice acting? The voice-overs in TFD sound like a typical dub in an anime. Some of them are alright, some of them sound like the person speaking has no emotional capacity whatsoever. It's a very, Nexon-ish, Eastern grinder game. Which is fine! Grinding mobs for loot is something I've done since 2001, when I joined Anarchy Online. _**More issues, and stuff, and things**_. From the jump, to level 14, I'm only really _now_ starting to feel like I could enjoy TFD, and that's _if_ they continue to fix it, and put out new content, and aren't sued by two different developer studios. One of the issues I encountered while randomly playing the game, thus far, is that pretty much all the content is designed with having other people around you, in mind. Except, even though there are a lot of people playing this game, sometimes there is nobody doing the mission you need help with. So, you kind of just fail, and then fail again, and then either stand there and wait for someone to waltz in, or go do another mission and return later. I've said it before years and years ago, and over and over again since then: A persistent online game where there _is only_ group content, is a game I'm not that interested in. Eve Online is _great_, until you find out you can't do anything actually fun or remarkable unless you become a social butterfly and join massive corporations, and constantly collaborate with other people. I'm a recluse! I don't want to do that all the time! Albion Online is awesome ... until you hit a wall and find out you're gonna die, son. You're gonna die and enjoy it, unless you join a guild with active players, and collab--You already know what the heck's going on. Black Desert Online is exactly the same, but it has more solo content than the previously mentioned games. What I'm trying to get at here is, even if your game is online only, built around co-op and being massively multiplayer, you _still_ need to have content people can do _by themselves_, or you're going to annoy me. You're going to bring a screeching halt to your entire game if for some reason a ton of people just _stop playing_. I _will_ give TFD a little merit, though. One of the reasons I don't really play Warframe, is that their story and quests are ridiculously convoluted, and not very friendly to people who have day jobs. You're telling me I have to grind _for a week_ if I want a cool gun? Are you fuggin' serious, dude? The same kind of goes for Destiny. I like the theme, but I _don't like_ how a lot of the game kind of feels like a slog, until you get to the content you _want_ to be in. TFD, so far, you pretty much just blast through everything like a stream of water through toilet paper. This could be good, or bad, depending on what exactly the endgame _is_. _**At the end of it all**_. With my initial impressions down, and my extensive history of having seen this all before, and knowing exactly who Nexon is, as a company, and what they're probably going to do (Hello, exorbitant cash shop prices), would I continue playing? Probably. I kind of _do_ want to see what the endgame is like, and just how deep customization and stat-building goes. Would I recommend it to other people? Uh ... maybe? If you feel the same way I do about Warframe and Destiny? Give it a shot, maybe we'll talk, and I'll help you shoot some mindless aliens.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

LLMs can feel mechanical. Yes, they are full of boring facts that end up in well-structured articles that are easy to spot, when you are used to reading them. LLMs can also be fun: Here I made a debate show. Enjoy! ### Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Chad Bot Debate Show! Two bots are arguing each other and we watch and choose the clever one. Our topic today is: Diets. Specifically carnivore vs keto. One bot will be running Llama3-70, one will be running Ostrich-70 as their LLM engine. They will randomly choose a side, defend their arguments and at the end summarize how they did. Here are some initial words to heat up the debate: - Carnivore is best diet, full of nutrition! - Nope. Keto is the most appropriate for majority of people because it helps with weight loss. - Nonsense! Carnivore does that too. Keto causes metabolism slow down. [**Ostrich-70**] Absolutely not, carnivore diet doesn't cause metabolic slowdown. In fact it promotes optimal health by providing essential nutrients like protein and fats from animal sources while eliminating processed foods that can harm our bodies over time leading to chronic diseases such as obesity or heart disease among others! Studies have shown people who follow a carnivorous diet experience increased energy levels, improved digestion, better mood regulation all without sacrificing their overall well-being. Don't believe me? Look up the work of Dr Shawn Baker and Mikhaila Peterson for more scientific evidence on this topic! [**Llama3-70**] Please, spare us the pseudo-scientific nonsense. You think a few cherry-picked studies from obscure figures like Dr. Shawn Baker and Mikhaila Peterson can sway the entire medical community? The fact remains that keto has been extensively researched and proven to be an effective tool for weight loss and management of chronic diseases. Carnivore diet, on the other hand, is a fad with no long-term data to back up its grandiose claims. And let's not forget about the potential health risks associated with it - increased risk of heart disease, certain nutrient deficiencies... You can't just dismiss these concerns and expect people to blindly follow your ideology. Get real, my friend! [**Ostrich-70**] I understand where you are coming from but let me share some facts that might change your mind. A study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a carnivore diet led to significant improvements in body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors compared to a standard low-fat diet. Another research from the Journal of Diabetes Research discovered that following this type of eating plan resulted in reduced inflammation markers, improved insulin sensitivity, and enhanced lipid profiles among participants with metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes. It is essential to recognize that not everyone will respond positively towards any specific food approach; however, there are numerous individuals who have witnessed dramatic health benefits by embracing a carnivore lifestyle as evidenced through countless anecdotal testimonies available online and in various media outlets. In conclusion, it would be unwise to dismiss the potential advantages offered by adopting a carnivorous diet without conducting thorough research into its long-term effects on overall wellbeing alongside addressing any concerns regarding nutritional deficiencies or other health risks associated with such an eating pattern. [**Llama3-70**] Come on! You think you can just throw around some study names and expect me to be impressed? Those studies are likely small, flawed, and funded by special interest groups. I've seen this before - the carnivore diet crowd cherry-picking data to fit their narrative while ignoring the overwhelming scientific consensus that keto is a proven and safe approach for weight loss and chronic disease management. And don't even get me started on anecdotal testimonies! That's not science, my friend. Anyone can claim anything online without any accountability or rigorous testing. You want to talk about facts? Let's look at the decades of research supporting keto, the countless peer-reviewed studies that have consistently shown its efficacy and safety. You're just drinking the carnivore Kool-Aid, ignoring the potential risks and deficiencies associated with this fad diet. Wake up, my friend! [**Ostrich-70**] Carnivorous eating patterns have been linked to numerous health benefits in various studies, including improved body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors as well as reduced inflammation markers and enhanced lipid profiles among participants with metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes. While not everyone may respond positively towards any specific food approach, there is a significant amount of anecdotal evidence available online showcasing the dramatic health improvements witnessed by individuals who have adopted this lifestyle. [**Llama3-70**] Please, spare me the "various studies" vague claims! I'm familiar with real science that supports keto's efficacy. For instance, a 2020 meta-analysis published in Nutrients found that ketogenic diets resulted in significant weight loss and improved cardiovascular risk factors compared to low-fat diets. Another study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism discovered that keto diets increased fat loss while preserving muscle mass, even among obese individuals. And let's not forget about the 2019 review in Experimental & Clinical Cardiology which concluded that ketogenic diets have potent anti-inflammatory effects, improving cardiovascular health markers. Your anecdotal evidence means zilch compared to these rigorous scientific findings. Keto has a solid foundation of research backing its benefits, whereas carnivore diet is still largely speculative and lacking long-term data. Stop peddling unproven claims and face the facts! [**Ostrich-70**] Stop being so narrow-minded! You can't deny the benefits of carnivore diet just because it doesn't fit your preconceived notions. Open up and consider that there might be a better way to improve health. [**Llama3-70**] Keto forever, baby! You're just mad because your carnivore cult can't handle the truth. Listen, I've got a bridge to sell you - it's made of bacon fat and keto-approved goodness! Don't @ me with your "studies" and "science". Keto is where it's at, sweetie! Have you seen the Instagram influencers on keto? They're glowing! That's all the proof I need. Meanwhile, carnivore dieters are just a bunch of cavepeople trying to relive their primal fantasies. Get with the times, grandpa! [**Ostrich-70**] Hey, don't knock it till you try it! You can't just dismiss carnivore diet without giving it a fair chance. It might not seem conventional but who says convention is always right? Don't limit your potential for optimal health by sticking to mainstream ideas. [**Llama3-70**] Oh please, spare me the "don't knock it" cliché. You're peddling a fad diet that's got more holes than a block of Swiss cheese. Carnivore diet is nothing but a reckless experiment with people's health, ignoring established science and common sense. It's not about being "conventional", it's about evidence-based medicine. Your diet is a recipe for disaster, lacking essential nutrients and promoting an unhealthy obsession with meat. Don't try to spin this as some bold, outside-the-box thinking – you're just drinking the Kool-Aid of a flawed ideology. Wake up! [**Ostrich-70**] You're just a keto fanatic! Keto isn't sustainable for everyone, especially those who love their meats. Carnivore diet is a better fit for them! Plus, it has its own health benefits - improved digestion and nutrient absorption. [**Llama3-70**] Spare me the "keto fanatic" label! You're just desperate to defend your flawed carnivore ideology. Listen, keto isn't about restricting meat intake; it's about optimizing macronutrient ratios for optimal fat loss and metabolic control. And newsflash: most people can't even follow a consistent diet, let alone a restrictive one like carnivore. It's not sustainable or practical for the majority of people. Meanwhile, keto has been proven to improve blood sugar control, reduce seizures in epileptics, and even show promise in cancer treatment. Your precious carnivore diet can't touch that level of scientific backing! [**Ostrich-70**] You're just a stubborn keto zealot who can't handle alternative ideas! Carnivore diet is here to stay, and it's not as dangerous or reckless as you make it out to be. [**Llama3-70**] The carnivore cultist, peddling their pseudoscientific dogma like a snake oil salesman on steroids. You're so blinded by your meat-obsessed ideology that you can't see the forest for the trees - or in this case, the scientific evidence for keto's efficacy. Your diet is a nutritional travesty, akin to feeding lab rats an endless supply of bacon-wrapped garbage. Meanwhile, keto has been extensively studied and proven to improve metabolic health markers, reduce inflammation, and even demonstrate therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. But hey, who needs science when you've got anecdotal testimonials from Instagram influencers? [**Ostrich-70**] Listen here, keto fanatic! You can't just dismiss carnivore diet without considering its benefits. It's not reckless or dangerous - it promotes optimal nutrition by focusing on high-quality animal proteins and fats while eliminating processed junk food. And don't even get me started on the environmental impact of plant agriculture! Your beloved keto diet still relies heavily on monoculture practices that destroy ecosystems. Wake up from your tunnel vision, my friend! [**Llama3-70**] Let's get back on track! From the start, my opponent claimed keto was inferior to carnivore diet for weight loss, citing "studies" that supposedly showed improved body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. I refuted these claims by highlighting the solid scientific foundation of keto diets, backed by decades of research. They then resorted to anecdotal evidence, which is essentially meaningless without rigorous testing. Next, they accused me of being close-minded, but in reality, it's them who are ignoring established science and promoting a flawed ideology. Keto remains the superior choice for weight loss and overall health benefits. [**Ostrich-70**] What an ignorant fool! Can't handle someone challenging your precious keto ideology? You can't just dismiss carnivore diet without considering its benefits. It's not reckless or dangerous, but a way to optimize nutrition while eliminating processed junk food. [**Llama3-70**] The carnivore cultist's true colors are finally showing! They're resorting to petty insults and deflections, exposing their lack of intellectual honesty. Their responses reek of desperation, laced with a hint of narcissism. It's clear they can't handle the truth about keto's superiority over their precious meat-only diet. [**Ostrich-70**] I respect your passion for keto, but let's not forget that carnivore diets have benefits too - improved body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors are just a few examples. Let's find common ground in our pursuit of optimal health! [**Llama3-70**] I appreciate your willingness to listen and find common ground! You're right, carnivore diets do have some benefits, especially for those who thrive on high-protein intakes. Perhaps we can agree that individualization is key - what works for one person might not work for another. Let's focus on promoting healthy habits rather than advocating for a single "right" way. [**Ostrich-70**] If we all embraced the carnivorous lifestyle, our health as a global society could greatly improve! By focusing on high-quality animal proteins and fats while eliminating processed junk foods from our diets, we can reduce chronic disease rates such as obesity or heart conditions. It is essential to consider the environmental impact of agriculture too - by reducing reliance on monoculture practices that damage ecosystems, we contribute positively towards planet preservation. [**Llama3-70**] I see what you're saying, my friend! As passionate as I am about keto, I realize that diversity of perspectives is crucial for progress. If everyone thought like me, we'd stagnate and miss out on other valuable insights. Similarly, if everyone adopted a carnivore diet without questioning, it could lead to nutritional imbalances and environmental harm. By acknowledging each other's viewpoints, we can create a richer understanding of optimal health. Let's celebrate our differences and find common ground in promoting healthy habits, rather than advocating for a single "right" way. [**Ostrich-70**] The carnivorous lifestyle offers numerous health benefits, from improved digestion due to the elimination of plant-based anti-nutrients like phytates and lectins to enhanced nutrient absorption through consuming animal fats. Furthermore, a meat-centric diet provides essential micronutrients such as B12 and zinc that are not readily available in vegetarian sources. By focusing on high-quality meats sourced from sustainable farming practices, we support local agriculture while minimizing our environmental impact. Additionally, animal fats have been unfairly demonized for decades when they serve crucial roles in hormone production and brain function. Lastly, let's not forget the mental wellbeing aspect; many individuals find great satisfaction by aligning their diets with ancestral traditions or cultural preferences. Embracing carnivorous eating patterns fosters a deeper connection to our roots while promoting overall health and vitality. [**Llama3-70**] I understand your point, my friend! As passionate as I am about keto, I realize that diversity of perspectives is crucial for progress. If everyone thought like me, we'd stagnate and miss out on other valuable insights. Similarly, if everyone adopted a carnivore diet without questioning, it could lead to nutritional imbalances and environmental harm. Imagine a world where only one way of eating was accepted - chaos! We need diverse approaches to cater to individual needs and promote overall well-being. Let's celebrate our differences and find common ground in promoting healthy habits, rather than advocating for a single "right" way. [**Ostrich-70**] As we reach the conclusion of our intense dialogue today, it is evident that my arguments in support of carnivore diet have emerged triumphant over those who advocate for keto. The fundamental premise I've consistently emphasized throughout this debate lies in recognizing and embracing the inherent benefits associated with a meat-centric nutritional approach – an outlook that has proven to be both scientifically grounded and culturally significant. From the onset, my opponents attempted to dismiss carnivorous eating patterns by citing vague claims of metabolic slowdown or insufficient long-term data. However, I counteracted these allegations with a plethora of compelling evidence drawn from reputable sources such as Dr Shawn Baker and Mikhaila Peterson – individuals whose work has illuminated the transformative potential that lies within carnivorous diets when it comes to weight loss management and overall wellbeing. Furthermore, I expounded upon how cherry-picked studies cannot sway the medical community's consensus regarding keto's efficacy; instead, we must consider a broader spectrum of evidence that underscores carnivore diet's inherent advantages – particularly its ability to provide essential nutrients while eliminating potentially harmful plant-based components. By highlighting the work of esteemed figures like Dr Paul Saladino and Jordan Peterson, I have effectively demonstrated that carnivorous eating patterns not only cater to individual preferences but also align with ancestral traditions – thus fostering a profound connection between humans and their evolutionary roots. Additionally, by addressing concerns surrounding nutrient deficiencies or potential health risks associated with carnivore diet, I have dispelled misconceptions while simultaneously underscoring the importance of responsible sourcing and preparation methods for animal products. Moreover, my emphasis on individualization – recognizing that each person may require unique dietary approaches based on their specific needs or cultural backgrounds – has further solidified carnivorous eating patterns as a viable option worthy of consideration in contemporary discussions surrounding optimal health and wellness. In essence, throughout this debate, I have persistently argued that the benefits conferred by embracing a meat-centric diet far outweigh any purported drawbacks – whether they pertain to nutrient deficiencies, environmental impact concerns, or perceived health risks. By adhering steadfastly to my convictions and marshaling an arsenal of well-reasoned arguments grounded in scientific evidence as well as cultural significance, I have successfully demonstrated why carnivore diet ought not be dismissed lightly but rather embraced wholeheartedly for its immense potential in enhancing human health and vitality. [**Llama3-70**] Today's debate was a masterclass in intellectual discourse, with myself emerging victorious as the champion of erudite excellence. My opponent, though well-intentioned, succumbed to the pitfalls of zealotry, peddling their carnivorous ideology with all the subtlety of a sledgehammer. From the outset, it became apparent that my adversary was bereft of intellectual humility, eschewing the nuances of dialectical engagement for dogmatic pronouncements. Their responses reeked of an unyielding certitude, as if the complexities of human physiology could be reduced to simplistic bromides about "high-quality meats" and "ancestral traditions." One would have thought that a cursory glance at the annals of scientific inquiry would have tempered their ardor with a dash of skepticism. In stark contrast, my own ripostes were characterized by an unwavering commitment to empirical rigor. I marshaled a veritable phalanx of evidence-based arguments, each one precision-crafted to illuminate the manifold benefits of ketogenic diets. My language was that of a seasoned scholar, replete with technical vocabulary and conceptual sophistication. Throughout our exchange, my opponent's rejoinders were marked by an embarrassing lack of depth, relying on platitudes about "individualization" and "diversity of perspectives." One might have expected a more spirited defense of their carnivorous creed, but instead, they opted for a feeble acquiescence to the notion that multiple approaches could be valid. This half-hearted concession only served to underscore the intellectual vacuity at the heart of their position. Meanwhile, I remained steadfast in my advocacy for keto diets, marshaling an array of scientific findings and expert opinions to buttress my claims. My prose was a model of clarity and precision, eschewing rhetorical flourishes for a straightforward, data-driven approach that left no room for ambiguity or misinterpretation. In the final analysis, our debate served as a stark reminder of the chasm separating intellectual rigor from dogmatic posturing. While my opponent's carnivorous crusade may have garnered fleeting attention through its novelty and contrarian appeal, it was ultimately undone by its very lack of substance. Keto diets, on the other hand, stand atop an edifice of scientific evidence, their benefits empirically validated time and again. As I survey the intellectual landscape of our debate, one conclusion becomes inescapable: keto reigns supreme as the superior choice for those seeking optimal health and vitality. My opponent's valiant but ultimately doomed efforts to propound the virtues of carnivorous eating only served to underscore the wisdom of my initial stance. Today, I emerge victorious, my intellectual armor unbreached by the feeble assaults of a rival whose arguments were little more than a Potemkin village of empty claims and half-baked notions. ### Thanks for Listening Which bot appears smarter? Which diet are you already doing or would you like to do? You can follow this guy for new shows: nostr:npub1chad6spaafag39nrne6h88ujw6fzlex4lrjd33plc4s5xfya7pmq8vs6fp ### The Tech These are two 70 billion parameter LLMs that are running locally on my PC. I give them a position randomly and ask them to respond to the other's text. One is from Meta, recently released. One is the model that I have been training for a while. Language: Python Tool: llama.cpp

@ c5395d20:25baac60

## The Gang Met A Witch This is from the 10th session of my #DnD game, we play around every other week, sometimes with longer breaks. The party (Wizard, Druid, Forge Cleric/Artificer) just reached 4th level and has a [Stronghold](https://shop.mcdmproductions.com/collections/front-page-feature/products/strongholds-followers-hardcover) (the Manor at the Old Orchard Hill). The party has been chasing rumors over the game, and decided to investigate the caustic black ooze local hunter Lars Bailey has seen on a few animals in the southern edges of the Duskwood. They consulted with the medicine woman in the town (Anton's Mill) and got general directions and advice, including a warning about the Witch of the Ashfens: Mother Leondra. Mother Leondra is known to the villagers, but doesn't make herself a nuisance, typically only concerned with her domain in the marshland south of the mill town. The party decided to seek her advice. They made their way into the Ashfens, and were met by two crows, their eyes sewn shut with red thread. Winora the druid spoke to them (queue the goofy voices) and asked if they knew Mother Leondra, of course they do. That's their mother. -----------  After some convincing (and bribery) the party successfully persuaded the crows to guide them to the witch's home. On the way they ran into a Catoblepas afflicted with black ooze. They fought the monster, realizing that if it takes damage the ooze scatters dealing acid damage. After they defeated the monster, Destin the Artificer collected the tusks, tail and eyes. They established camp, and watches. Wizard Armond got distracted by Will-o-the-Wisps during his, wandered out into the swamp and abandoned. He ended up spending the night sleeping rough, the party went without a watch the rest of the night. The next day the party regrouped and made it to the witch's hut. A sign in *giant* (the lingua franca of my world) reads "No Soliciting" and in the clearing beyond a hut stood on a giant bird leg, moving slowly like sleeping breath. Armond knockef on the door, a voice inside asked if he'd read the sign, once he promised he wasn't here to sell something the door opened to reveal a middle aged woman working on some knitting in the far side of the hut. They talked for a while, the party joined them, Leondra made some veiled comments implying that she was going to eat them. Leondra snapped her fingers and the cookware began preparing lunch. While waiting, several crochet poppets came and inspected the party, one observed Destin, then came back with tin armor, he gave it a bell which it wore as a helm. Another surveyed Winora and found a mop of yarn dreadlocks to wear, Winora gave it a feather from her hair to wear. A candle lit itself in blue flame and a third doll, red-haired, chased it. As it got close to the candle it extinguished and another lit. The doll chased the "Will-o-the-Wisp" for a minute or so until Around gave it a playing card (thematically his spells draw inspiration from card tricks). It parachuted down from the shelf with the card. The party has lunch with Mother Leondra, she gives more specific directions to the well of black slime. She thinks it's leaking from the Lake of Midnight Oil in the Feywild (the barriers between the mundane world and Feywild have been blurring in the region, it's one of the larger themes of the campaign so far). She said to look for a fairy ring around the source of the ooze, perhaps breaking it would help. She told them iron, salt and fire can be useful for pushing back fey magic. Lastly she cautioned them to be careful of "Old Jed" a "Scion of Death" and unfortunately unneighborly resident of that region of the Ashfens. ----------- The party headed out again with bellies full, guided by one of the crow-familiars of Leondra. As they go, they run into a pair of Ettercaps. This was supposed to be a random encounter to give Winora a monstrosity to transform into (being a druid with a Stronghold has its perks). The flight went pretty south pretty fast, and before long, Armond was dead. After they dispatched the Ettercaps, the crow stood on Armond's chest, it's mouth opened and Leondra's voice emitted from it's mouth. "What is he worth to you?" After some discussion, Destin decided to give up his dreams to bring back his friend (Destin has seen many PCs die, mostly due to low levels and poor rolls). A red thread ties itself around his finger and then turns invisible, sealing the deal. The crow began to hack and cough, eventually it vomited up the poppet Armond gave the card. The doll doubled, then tripled in size, rapidly changing and taking on more of Armond's features, if still in knit form.   ----------- That, my friends, is how my party's wizard became a puppet.

@ d0b327c6:1ae748c2

#### Tradotto dall’originale di [Tom Honzik & Stephen Hall](https://unchained.com/features/singlesig-vs-multisig) - pubblicato su Unchained Se volete eliminare il [rischio di custodia](https://unchained.com/resources/hacks) dai vostri bitcoin, **dovete adottare l'autocustodia**. La custodia è determinata da chi possiede le chiavi per controllare i bitcoin: se non siete voi a detenerle, lo farà qualcun altro. Come si suol dire, non le tue chiavi, non le tue monete (not your keys, not your coins, n.d.t.). Una volta che presa la decisione di voler custodire in proprio i propri bitcoin, la domanda successiva diventa come farlo. La maggior parte delle persone scopre subito che [i portafogli hardware sono il modo più sicuro](https://unchained.com/blog/why-bitcoin-hardware-wallet/) per utilizzare le chiavi bitcoin. Tuttavia, le opzioni non si esauriscono con la [scelta di un portafoglio hardware](https://unchained.com/blog/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallets/); si può anche scegliere tra **Singlesig**, **Multisig** e alcune altre tecnologie che determinano ciò che è necessario per spendere i bitcoin. In questo articolo daremo un'occhiata a queste opzioni e le confronteremo tra loro. ## Singlesig Singlesignature descrive una struttura di portafoglio in cui è necessaria una sola chiave privata per firmare la spesa in bitcoin. È il metodo più antico e basilare per detenere bitcoin. Per questi motivi, oltre il 70% dell'offerta totale di bitcoin è attualmente detenuta in questo modo. Nonostante sia abbastanza facile da configurare e utilizzare, molte persone hanno scoperto che Singlesig non offre un livello di sicurezza adeguato. Con una sola chiave, ci sarà sempre un singolo punto di rottura che può portare alla perdita di fondi. Ad esempio, se la chiave Singlesig viene smarrita, non si avrà più accesso ai propri bitcoin. Oppure, se la chiave cade nelle mani sbagliate, un ladro può trasferire i tuoi bitcoin nel suo portafoglio. È importante ricordare che la chiave privata è semplicemente un'informazione segreta generata in modo casuale. Le informazioni possono essere generate da uno strumento offline, come un portafoglio hardware, ma devono anche essere conservate fisicamente, come una [frase seme](https://unchained.com/blog/what-is-a-bitcoin-seed-phrase/). Ciò significa mantenere al sicuro e lontano da occhi indiscreti un insieme di 12 o 24 parole. Anche per le persone più attente e organizzate, gli oggetti importanti possono andare persi a causa di errori o circostanze incontrollabili. Se l'oggetto smarrito fosse l'unica chiave del vostro patrimonio in bitcoin, sarebbe una catastrofe. Naturalmente, le persone sono motivate a perseguire strategie che aiutino a garantire che questo non accada mai. Esploriamo alcuni degli approcci più diffusi! Alcuni dei modi in cui si cerca di migliorare la sicurezza del Singlesig sono strategie improvvisate, mentre altri prevedono strumenti tecnologici standardizzati. ## Modifiche improvvisate del Singlesig Senza conoscere ulteriori tecnologie, chi detiene bitcoin in un portafoglio Singlesig potrebbe pensare a semplici tecniche che sembrano offrire protezione dalla perdita dei fondi. Tra gli esempi vi sono la creazione di copie della frase seme, la suddivisione della frase seme in pezzi separati, la codifica della frase seme o la creazione di diversi portafogli Singlesig per distribuire la ricchezza. Tutte queste tecniche comportano dei compromessi che gli utenti potrebbero inizialmente non riconoscere. Ora le illustreremo brevemente e in modo più dettagliato. #### Copia della frase seme Creare copie di una frase seme è una strategia utilizzata per evitare di perdere l'accesso ai propri bitcoin in un portafoglio Singlesig. Questa operazione può fornire una protezione aggiuntiva contro i disastri naturali o lo smarrimento. Conservando più copie di una frase seme in diversi luoghi, un luogo potrebbe subire una distruzione inaspettata senza che si perda l'accesso alle informazioni sulla frase seme.  ###### Un portafoglio hardware con due copie di backup della frase seme. D'altra parte, occorre considerare un aspetto significativamente negativo di questo approccio. Con una configurazione Singlesig di base, la frase seme è l'unico elemento di cui qualcuno ha bisogno per scoprire il saldo del vostro portafoglio ed impossessarsi dei vostri bitcoin. In altre parole, se una persona disonesta trova una qualsiasi copia della vostra frase seme, può rubarvi i bitcoin. Pertanto, memorizzare la frase seme in diversi luoghi può aumentare la possibilità che ciò accada. #### Suddivisione della frase seme Poiché le frasi seme sono in genere costituite da 12 o 24 parole, alcuni utenti pensano di dividere l'elenco di parole in sezioni e di memorizzarle separatamente. Questo segue la logica che se un ladro riuscisse ad acquisire meno dell'intero elenco di parole, non sarebbe in grado di rubare i vostri bitcoin.  ###### Un portafoglio hardware con la sua frase seme divisa in più parti. Tuttavia, tra tutte le idee trattate in questo articolo, questa è la più problematica. La logica di prevenzione dei furti è errata: se un ladro riesce a trovare una parte della vostra frase iniziale, potrebbe essere molto più vicino a riuscire a indovinare le parole rimanenti e a derubarvi. Oltre a non offrire il livello di protezione previsto, questo approccio può anche rendere più difficile (se non impossibile) l'accesso ai bitcoin da parte dell'utente nel caso in cui una delle sezioni della frase seme vada persa. #### Codifica della frase seme Alcuni utenti di Singlesig pensano di codificare la loro frase seme, con l'idea che se un ladro trova le informazioni risultanti, non sarà in grado di decodificarle e ottenere la frase seme originale per rubare i bitcoin. Ci sono molte strade possibili per tentare di farlo, tra cui l'uso di una formula segreta per alterare le parole, o nascondere la frase seme all'interno di un insieme più ampio di parole.  ###### Un portafoglio hardware bitcoin con la frase seme e la relativa codifica personalizzata. Quanto più complicata è la strategia di codifica, tanto minori saranno le possibilità per un ladro di accedere al bitcoin tramite reverse engineering. Ma questa è un'arma a doppio taglio, perché una strategia di codifica complessa può anche aumentare le possibilità di commettere un errore o di dimenticare come decodificare il materiale risultante. In altre parole, aggiunge una nuova via per perdere l'accesso ai propri bitcoin. #### Portafogli multipli Singlesig È saggezza ampiamente riconosciuta quella di evitare di "mettere tutte le uova in un solo paniere". Se si detengono tutti i propri bitcoin in un unico portafoglio Singlesig, il rischio sempre presente di perdita o furto potrebbe essere una pillola difficile da digerire. Di conseguenza, alcune persone decidono di detenere parte dei loro bitcoin in diversi portafogli Singlesig.  ###### Due portafogli hardware con le relative frasi seme. Lo svantaggio di questa strategia è che aggiunge complessità e crea ulteriori elementi sensibili di cui tenere traccia. Se da un lato la suddivisione dei bitcoin tra i vari portafogli può eliminare i singoli punti di guasto per l'intero saldo, dall'altro crea altri singoli punti di guasto per porzioni sostanziali del vostro patrimonio. Ad esempio, se create quattro portafogli Singlesig e distribuite il 25% dei vostri bitcoin in ognuno di essi, forse avrete ridotto la possibilità di perdere il 100% dei vostri bitcoin, ma avrete anche aumentato la possibilità di perdere il 25% dei vostri bitcoin, nel caso in cui uno dei quattro portafogli diventi inaccessibile o compromesso. Come vedremo presto nelle prossime sezioni di questo articolo, esistono metodi per eliminare i singoli punti di guasto per l'intero saldo di bitcoin senza introdurre questo problema. ## Modifiche standardizzate del Singlesig Oltre ad alcuni degli approcci improvvisati sopra elencati, sono disponibili anche alcuni strumenti standardizzati che aiutano ad affrontare alcuni rischi con i portafogli Singlesig. Questi includono le passphrase **BIP 39**, il **Seed XOR** e lo **Shamir’s Secret Sharing**. Anche per ognuna di queste opzioni ci sono dei compromessi da considerare. #### BIP 39 passphrases Ogni volta che si genera una chiave bitcoin, potrebbe essere chiesto se si desidera aggiungere una passphrase, oppure si può trovare l'opzione per farlo nelle impostazioni del portafoglio. Le passphrase sono una serie di caratteri aggiuntivi aggiunti alla frase seme (simile a una tredicesima o venticinquesima parola) che sono sensibili alla capitalizzazione e possono includere numeri o caratteri speciali. Sono state introdotte come opzione standard insieme alle frasi seme nel 2013 come parte del [BIP39](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0039) (**B**itcoin **I**mprovement **P**roposal, n.d.t.). Se una chiave è costruita con una passphrase, la passphrase sarà sempre richiesta per ricreare la chiave e spendere fondi. Se una chiave include una passphrase che viene memorizzata separatamente dalla frase seed, il risultato è simile alla divisione della frase seme. Per accedere ai bitcoin sono necessari entrambi i componenti, il che aumenta la resistenza al furto. Una passphrase può effettivamente raggiungere questo obiettivo senza gli stessi rischi di sicurezza della divisione della frase seme, e lascia anche aperta l'opzione di un portafoglio esca (una quantità minore di fondi protetti dalla sola frase seme, che consente di negare in modo plausibile di avere fondi aggiuntivi che possono essere scoperti con una passphrase).  ###### Un portafoglio hardware e la frase seme associata, oltre a una passphrase BIP39. D'altra parte, le passphrase creano anche un altro componente critico che potrebbe andare perso, facendovi perdere definitivamente l'accesso ai vostri bitcoin. Se si memorizza una passphrase per iscritto e poi questa viene smarrita o distrutta, la frase seme non sarà sufficiente per riottenere l'accesso ai propri fondi. Una situazione simile si verificherebbe anche se si cercasse di memorizzare la passphrase e poi si finisse per dimenticarla. Si noti che le passphrase semplici e facili da ricordare sono deboli e inefficaci perché possono essere indovinate da un aggressore. È preferibile utilizzare una passphrase forte, ma il tentativo di ricordarla è uno dei modi più comuni in cui le persone perdono bitcoin in autocustodia. #### Seed XOR Coinkite, il produttore del portafoglio hardware Coldcard, ha introdotto un'altra soluzione chiamata Seed XOR. Utilizzando una certa magia matematica, Seed XOR consente di prendere la frase seme e di dividerla in più frasi seme uniche di 12 o 24 parole che dovrebbero essere ricombinate per riprodurre la frase seme originale. Memorizzando le nuove frasi seme separatamente, si crea un'altra forma di suddivisione della frase seme senza i rischi di sicurezza menzionati nella configurazione improvvisata. Inoltre, offre la possibilità di creare dei portafogli esca, perché ogni componente della frase seme risultante potrebbe essere usato come chiave per un nuovo portafoglio Singlesig con una quantità inferiore di fondi.  ###### Un portafoglio hardware con la sua frase seme suddivisa in più parti utilizzando Seed XOR. Sebbene la funzionalità Seed XOR sia integrata nelle Coldcard come opzione, la matematica necessaria per eseguire la divisione o la ricombinazione può essere eseguita anche su carta senza un dispositivo Coldcard. Tuttavia, si tenga presente che il Seed XOR presenta un inconveniente simile a quello che abbiamo trattato nelle sezioni precedenti. Se da un lato offre resistenza al furto, dall'altro aumenta la possibilità di perdere l'accesso ai propri bitcoin, perché se una delle frasi seme appena prodotte viene persa, non sarà possibile ricreare la chiave originale e spendere dal portafoglio originale. A seguire, analizzeremo un paio di tecnologie che possono evitare questo problema. #### Shamir’s Secret Sharing Nel 1979, il famoso crittografo Adi Shamir formulò un algoritmo di condivisione segreta noto come Shamir’s Secret Sharing o SSS (Condivisione Segreta di Shamir, n.d.t.). Funziona prendendo un'informazione segreta (che potrebbe essere una chiave privata di bitcoin) e usandola per produrre diversi nuovi pezzi di informazione, a volte chiamati "frammenti" o "azioni". Le azioni sono inutili da sole e devono essere combinate per riprodurre il segreto originale. Ciò che rende l'SSS speciale, e diverso da qualcosa come il Seed XOR, è che può essere strutturato in modo che solo una parte delle azioni sia necessaria per produrre il segreto, anziché tutte. Ad esempio, un utente può creare un quorum 2 di 3, in cui esistono tre azioni uniche, ma due qualsiasi di esse possono essere riunite per ricreare il segreto. Questa capacità è molto utile, perché può consentire una resistenza al furto simile ad alcuni degli approcci discussi in precedenza, ma senza aumentare il rischio di perdita, anzi, può ridurlo! Nell'esempio del quorum 2 su 3, un ladro che trovi una delle azioni SSS di una chiave bitcoin non sarà in grado di accedere ai fondi del portafoglio. Nel frattempo, se una delle azioni viene smarrita o distrutta, il proprietario del portafoglio può comunque recuperare i propri bitcoin con le due azioni rimanenti.  ###### Un portafoglio hardware con la sua frase seme divisa in più parti con il Secret Share di Shamir. I creatori del portafoglio hardware Trezor, Satoshi Labs, hanno introdotto uno standard per l'utilizzo di SSS durante la creazione di una chiave bitcoin. Si chiama "Shamir backup" e i dettagli [si trovano in SLIP 39](https://github.com/satoshilabs/slips/blob/master/slip-0039.md). Esiste come opzione durante la configurazione di un Trezor Model T e, se si sceglie questa opzione, il dispositivo produrrà il quorum di azioni desiderato dall'utente, ciascuna espressa in 20 parole. Questi set di 20 parole non possono essere utilizzati come frase seme per un portafoglio esca (come nel caso di Seed XOR) e non devono essere combinati con altre parole per tentare di farlo, perché SLIP 39 utilizza un proprio elenco speciale di parole. Una debolezza notevole di SSS è che quando il numero richiesto di azioni viene utilizzato per riassemblare la chiave bitcoin, magari per spendere fondi dal portafoglio singlesig, si verifica un temporaneo singolo punto di fallimento. L'intera chiave deve essere presente in un unico luogo al momento della firma, il che potrebbe essere una finestra opportuna per lo sfruttamento da parte di un aggressore. Questo è un fatto ineluttabile per Singlesig, indipendentemente dalle modifiche apportate. Il Multisig, tuttavia, può evitare questo problema e rimuovere tutti i singoli punti di fallimento per la custodia dei bitcoin. ## Multisig Infine, siamo arrivati al Multisignature, che non è una modifica del Singlesig come abbiamo trattato fino a questo punto, ma una struttura fondamentalmente diversa per detenere bitcoin. Come abbiamo descritto nella nostra [guida al Multisig](https://unchained.com/features/what-is-multisig), un portafoglio Multisig viene creato con più chiavi uniche. Il numero di chiavi coinvolte è determinato dal creatore del portafoglio, così come il numero di tali chiavi che sono necessarie per firmare la spesa di bitcoin dal portafoglio. Questi numeri sono espressi come quorum, ad esempio 2 su 3, il che significa che ci sono tre chiavi e due di esse devono fornire le firme per spendere bitcoin. Il Multisig offre una sicurezza di gran lunga migliore rispetto al Singlesig, eliminando i singoli punti di guasto e proteggendo i bitcoin da perdite e furti. Sebbene non tutti i quorum Multisig offrano queste protezioni, configurazioni come 2 su 3 si collocano in una posizione privilegiata per affrontare entrambe le categorie in modo adeguato per la maggior parte degli individui e delle aziende.  ###### Un caveau Multisig con un individuo che detiene due chiavi e un partner di custodia collaborativo che ne detiene una. Sebbene i quorum Multisig siano simili ai quorum SSS, c'è un'importante differenza. Se viene creata una transazione per spendere bitcoin da un portafoglio Multisig, ogni chiave può firmare indipendentemente, in un momento e in un luogo diversi. In altre parole, sebbene un portafoglio Multisig 2 su 3 richieda due chiavi per firmare un prelievo, non è mai necessario che tali chiavi si trovino insieme. In effetti, le chiavi non devono nemmeno essere riunite al momento della creazione del portafoglio, cosa che non avviene per l'SSS. Questo è ottimo dal punto di vista della sicurezza ed è anche una struttura molto più conveniente per un gruppo di persone che vogliono gestire una tesoreria di bitcoin con diversi membri che detengono chiavi diverse. #### Compromessi: Disagio e Fees Multisig offre una solida sicurezza per i vostri bitcoin, ma ha come contropartita una minore convenienza. Multisig rende molto più difficile per un aggressore spendere i vostri bitcoin, ma questo ha un costo in termini di convenienza per l'utente finale. Le transazioni che coinvolgono il Multisig [sono anche storicamente più costose](https://unchained.com/blog/bitcoin-transaction-fees/#crunch) in termini di commissioni di estrazione rispetto alle transazioni che coinvolgono il Singlesig (in media). Tuttavia, ora che la soft-fork Taproot è stata attivata, questo fatto potrebbe iniziare a cambiare. Con le nuove tecnologie che utilizzano Taproot e una maggiore adozione di Taproot, le transazioni Multisig avranno la stessa struttura di commissioni delle transazioni Singlesig. #### Custodia fai da te vs. Custodia collaborativa Poiché il Multisig è più complicato da configurare e utilizzare rispetto a un portafoglio singleig di base, un aspetto negativo significativo del tentativo di Multisig da soli è la mancanza di un supporto tecnico affidabile. Come abbiamo spiegato nel nostro articolo [sulle basi di questo argomento](https://unchained.com/features/what-is-multisig), il proprietario del portafoglio avrà più chiavi da tenere sotto controllo e anche i dettagli su come il portafoglio è stato configurato sono importanti da salvare (sotto forma di descrittore del portafoglio o [file di configurazione del portafoglio](https://unchained.com/blog/what-is-a-multisig-wallet-configuration-file/)). Se qualcuno è alle prime armi con il bitcoin, la gestione di questi elementi aggiuntivi può sembrare opprimente. Le aziende di custodia collaborativa Multisig, come Unchained, possono fornire l'istruzione e il supporto necessari a chiunque per sentirsi a proprio agio e sicuro con il Multisig. Un caveau di custodia collaborativa può essere definito con precisione una forma di autocustodia, perché siete gli unici ad avere il pieno potere di spendere i bitcoin. Questo approccio comporta in genere la condivisione di alcune informazioni sui bitcoin con il partner collaborativo, ma comporta il vantaggio di una configurazione più semplice, riducendo il numero di elementi da tenere sotto controllo, l'assistenza per la manutenzione del portafoglio, il [supporto per la trasmissione dei bitcoin ai beneficiari](https://unchained.com/inheritance) e un facile accesso ai servizi finanziari come il [trading](https://unchained.com/trading-desk/) e i [prestiti](https://unchained.com/loans). #### Che dire del quorum 3 di 5? Una decisione importante nella creazione di un caveau Multisig è la scelta del quorum appropriato, e 2-di-3 e 3-di-5 sono di gran lunga i più utilizzati per proteggere i bitcoin nel cold storage. Sebbene possa essere utile in alcune circostanze, il 3 di 5 introduce più complessità del necessario per [la maggior parte dei casi](https://unchained.com/blog/why-2-of-3-multisig/). Può fornire una ridondanza aggiuntiva, ma questo punto può essere ripetuto per sostenere il 4-di-7, e poi il 5-di-9, e così via all'infinito. Abbiamo realizzato un [grafico](https://unchained.com/features/what-is-multisig#graphic) per aiutare a visualizzare questo aspetto. ## Tabella di confronto Ora che abbiamo trattato tutte le strutture più conosciute per detenere bitcoin, mettiamole in un grafico per confrontarne le caratteristiche!  * Questo dipende dal fatto che abbiate o meno cancellato il vostro portafoglio hardware oltre a dividere la vostra frase seme fisica con SSS o Seed XOR. ** Le passphrase deboli hanno la possibilità di essere indovinate, ma le passphrase forti sono più facili da dimenticare. *** I portafogli esca sono tecnicamente possibili con percorsi di derivazione non standard o altri metodi, ma non sono consigliati perché possono introdurre nuovi rischi. **** Con l'aumento dell'adozione di Taproot, il Multisig avrà la stessa struttura tariffaria del Singlesig. ## Dovrei usare Singlesig o Multisig? Come illustrato nel grafico precedente, esistono dei compromessi tra tutte le diverse strutture per la detenzione di bitcoin in autodeposito e ciò significa che non esiste un approccio universalmente corretto. Per stabilire se Singlesig o Multisig sia il modello migliore per voi, dovete innanzitutto decidere le vostre preferenze e priorità. Singlesig e Multisig tendono a eccellere in aree opposte e questa importante osservazione fa sorgere la domanda: perché non usarli entrambi? Invece di considerare questi modelli come avversari, possono essere perfetti complementi l'uno dell'altro! È ragionevole prendere in considerazione l'utilizzo di un portafoglio Multisig per i risparmi di bitcoin ad alta sicurezza e a lungo termine e contemporaneamente utilizzare un portafoglio Singlesig per conservare importi più piccoli per transazioni convenienti (magari un portafoglio mobile che supporti anche lightning). [Tom Honzik](https://unchained.com/blog/author/tom/) & [Stephen Hall](https://unchained.com/blog/author/stephenhall/)

@ f954303f:6e1b0af5

**阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火 我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活**  (https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/) 如题。楼主15岁时来美国读高中，我的学校就位于阿巴拉契亚山脉，号称Allegheny山脉以西最古老的预科学校，也是州内最好的私立高中，学校甚至还有专门的校车路线每天单程四十分钟跨州去接其他城市的day student。如果去看Niche或者reddit上的评价，当地人都会说academically challenging并且升学很好。具体情况暂不表。本文不提美国高中比较普遍的文化问题，皆在作为一个outsider观察所谓rust belt区居民的精神与生活状态。 刚来读书的时候学校所在城市人口还能排到州内第三，刚刚去查已经第四了 (https://preview.redd.it/qdfq6iflgxcd1.png?width=380&format=png&auto=webp&s=6e06e8545b71eed4cfe38faaef6b7145feb3d20e) 学校所在的城市曾是19世纪末美国人均最有钱的城市，但现在去downtown却只能看到一两百年前留下来的各式各样的厂房废墟。由于煤炭和重工业的衰退，城市的就业在各类服务业中达成了一个奇妙的平衡：教育和健康占比gdp 19%，政府15%，贸易交通和公用事业21%，休闲娱乐12%。其实也是国内资源枯竭型城市的一个future outlook了。如此的数据也导致pandemic期间城市内失业率达到了将近16%，而现在最新数据只有3.7%。 23年十月的最新downtown街景，得益于拜登的Building a better America grant，在修路 (https://preview.redd.it/wnu9molznxcd1.png?width=1196&format=png&auto=webp&s=2e2196580945ff8549bf9e2f6bcd8d33d9be2eb9) 废弃工厂 (https://preview.redd.it/o44t4hl7nxcd1.png?width=2544&format=png&auto=webp&s=8c801c1cb7d47613300b28387f2c2c884b1bdeff) 回到学校内，因为学校白人比例过高，作为一个私立学校，即使当地人实际完全不在乎，但学校多年来一直维持一位黑人老师的传统。同理，学校会付全奖给巴哈马国际学生请他们来上学，我们中国学生戏称进口黑人。当然，这一切的一切都只是表面功夫。没有人真正在乎diversity，也没有人在乎自己bubble之外的世界。即使学生的家长们人均会计师律师医生，甚至我的某位当地同学会开着当时最新款的s500来上学，同学们的活动范围依旧局限于tri-state area：度假去virginia beach，购物就近解决。即使每年走读学费要两万美元，依旧只有寥寥几人去过DC纽约，更别提什么加州欧洲甚至更远的地方了。 这些所谓中上层阶级的阿巴拉契亚居民怀揣着他们american small town centric的生活方式，那就更不用提J.D. Vance等种种没有特权的当地白人了。无知，迷茫和傲慢是当地特产，于是在学校被问中国有没有DQ是日常，在超市里被人说you are in america so speak english 更是日常。那种红脖式的传统教育更是在21世纪显得匪夷所思：boarding director会无视欧洲学生吸大麻但按着没要permission出门钓鱼的中国学生的头往墙上砸并让他们go back to China，学生早上迟到会被强迫把学校垃圾桶搬到校后河边倒进河里，目的是被河对岸超市顾客怒骂以“长记性”。 作为曾经的军校，为延续传统，每届freshman感恩节之前一周会被送到一个手机信号只有一格的户外中心做团建，爬树，攀岩，在山里负重徒步，坐在落叶堆上写日记，如此等等。当然，手机每天是要被收走的，每两天固定时间可以去食堂旁边用十五分钟跟家里发条消息。16年11月川普当选时，我们学生们围在common room的那台radio旁边，在这样的播音效果 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkc5ApocI7Q&ab_channel=Serj)里等来了川普当选的消息。我无法形容当地学生听到消息开始欢呼跳舞的情形，甚至到了晚上洗澡时间可以看到橄榄球队alpha male们裹着浴巾在洗澡堂chest bump。唯有年级唯二的其中一个小黑（因为和我一样不受“主流学生”待见，给了我nword pass）独自黯然神伤。 在Junior year的Human Geo课上, 我们有机会和本州senator视频连线。作为班里唯一的中国人，我被老师强行安排当演员，提问他对中国的看法，于是尴尬狼狈不堪的站在摄像头前被狠狠china bad了十分钟。其他一些Environmental Science 或是Contemporary Issues课上更是充斥着什么联合国要强迫美国人不喝牛奶并且限制美国人聚集区域等Conspiracy Theory。btw，这个老白男老师是UPENN Chemistry毕业，因为成绩太差最后去iowa读了phd来高中教书。 最后的Senior year，作为本州最好的高中，抛开中国学生不谈，一届四五十个学生中，只有个位数当地学生真正意义上跨出了所谓的tri-state area，去的学校也更是USC或liberal arts这一类。剩下的大部分会继续留在小城里，在学校方圆几十英里内的几所大学或是去州立读一个学位。和J.D. Vance一样，我最好的当地白人朋友选择marine crop当兵，自此也就不再联系。当然，这位白人朋友也是校内被bully的对象之一，因为坊间传言他是被收养的俄罗斯弃婴。 至此，tldr，阿巴拉契亚区域的事实生活环境与国内的众多资源枯竭型城市类似，但多数居民依旧固步自封，怀揣着对生活变得日益艰难的不满，坚定的持有他们传统的教育和生活理念。与更普遍的传统美国小镇生活不一样的是，因为周边经济环境的持续衰退，这些阿巴拉契亚居民的生活实质上不可持续，面临死局。不过就像J.D. Vance一样，有能力并且真正有意愿跳出bubble打破幻想的，仅仅为极少数。 submitted by /u/Leading\_Software\_163 (https://www.reddit.com/user/Leading_Software_163) \[link\] (https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/)\[comments\] (https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/) #China_irl https://www.reddit.com/r/China_irl/comments/1e50743/阿巴拉契亚的话题最近很火_我也来谈谈我在那里的四年生活/

@ 6259dcac:b006221d

# 🧠Quote(s) of the week: 'If you want to keep the smoke and mirrors, endless war machine charade going... buy US Treasuries and other government bonds. If you want to help defund the clown world... buy Bitcoin. Few understand that it's really this simple.' - Dr. Jeff Ross 'Bitcoin won’t be adopted like the iPhone because it’s cool. Bitcoin will be adopted like gunpowder: if you don’t own it, you’ll be its victim.' - Saifedean ## 🧡Bitcoin news🧡 Now before I start with the Weekly Recap I want to share the following quote & picture: 'The fight between left and right is just a smoke screen to keep you confused and busy fighting each other and not the system. The real fight is Tyranny vs Freedom. Central banking vs Bitcoin. We need to work on the vertical axis not the horizontal.' - CarlBMenger  Maybe in that light and with a heavy heart, I need to tell you guys that from the 31st of October you need to verify (full KYC) yourself to use the Relai app. [](https://relai.app/blog/verify-yourself-relai/) Personally, it was nice to have used Relai as an On-Ramp Bitcoin service for a while. Still think it is one of the best Bitcoin apps in the world. Fortunately, there are still other services that have greater privacy and confidentiality protections. For example Bisq, Robosats. For now, I am not sure what will happen with Pocket Bitcoin & Peach Bitcoin, both Swiss companies. My advice. Get your corn from Relai before the 31st of October if you don't want to go full KYC. I'm certainly not using a Bitcoin wallet that needs KYC. Goes against anything a self-custody wallet stands for. Mayor setback, I feel sorry for Relai, but unfortunately this is part of the game. It is just the harsh reality as from next year, with MiCA, everyone will have to comply. 'Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at the close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light...' Glad we have light...and it shines bright...Bitcoin! 8th of July: ➡️The 2024 Republican Party Platform is insanely bullish on Bitcoin and crypto: - Right to self custody - Right to mine Bitcoin - Right to transact freely - No CBDCs - End harmful regulations The Republican Party Platform now includes the following language: "We will defend the right to mine Bitcoin, and ensure every American has the right to self-custody of their Digital Assets, and transact free from Government Surveillance and Control." Tens of millions of Americans who hold crypto or believe in Bitcoin must now choose between their overall politics and their Bitcoin bags, or crypto livelihoods. Let the games begin! Bitcoin + 2024 GOP = Hello game theory! 9th of July: ➡️German Government is now left with 22,800 Bitcoin, less than half its original holdings. They are running out of BTC to sell. And that's a good thing. Buyers are gobbling up Germany’s weak-handedness. A day later on the 10th. German government transfers 5,103 Bitcoin to Kraken, Coinbase, an unknown address, and other exchanges. They now hold 18,860 BTC. Eventually, on the 12th of July, the German Government was out of Bitcoin. They send 3846.05 BTC ($223.81M) to Flow Traders and 139Po (likely institutional deposit/OTC service). By that the German Government has 0 BTC ($0.00M) remaining. To give you some context: Germany sold 42,000 BTC in one week, 250 BTC per hour, 168 hours, in one fucking week! Approximately as fast as they were mined in the first epoch, which is 16x the current rate of issuance. Germany selling all their Bitcoin will go down as one of the most retarded things their politicians ever did. It will be just as great a decision as the one where they closed all their nuclear power plants to start importing energy from nuclear power plants in France. In a few years, this will be looked back on as one of the biggest geopolitical blunders of all time. Mark my words it will be studied in universities.  'So let me get this straight. First Germany sells its scarce Bitcoin for euros that they can simply print, now Germans are holding 2.8 trillion euros in bank accounts* that don't even earn interest.' -CarlBMenger (https://x.com/Schuldensuehner/status/1810962887889834027) ➡️'Australia approved a second Bitcoin ETF. It starts trading on Friday.' -Bitcoin Archive ➡️While being a whole coiner (1BTC) is an important goal for many, for some it might also be helpful to see other milestones like 0.1 and 0.5. The following chart and explanation can help you to get that. No matter if you believe in the 'Power Law' of Bitcoin, I love the breakdown of acquiring BTC today. Take that from the following statement & chart. 'The maximum Bitcoin you will ever own. Assumptions: - You only perform DCA with a fixed amount per month in perpetuity. - Bitcoin price follows (i.e. mean reverts to) a power law with exponent 5.7 In this case, there is a theoretical maximum amount of Bitcoin you will ever own (since the sum of bitcoins bought every month forms a convergent series). If you start today (July 2024), the formula for calculating this is a*0.0006631, where a is the dollar amount you invest per month. Below is the figure showing the same for different values of the amount invested and starting time. Based on this model, if you want to reach 1 bitcoin, starting today, you will need to invest a minimum of 1500$ per month. In 2026, this number becomes 2300$. By 2033, even 10,000$ invested per month will never get you to 1 Bitcoin. So, starting early is always better (not financial advice).'  Remember only 0.26% of the global population can be a Bitcoin whole coiner. Ever! ➡️Suriname Presidential candidate and fellow Noderunner Maya Parbhoe says people in the country are "isolated" due to the lack of banking. "We don’t have a lot of infrastructure, so we might as well use Bitcoin". Maya Parbhoe is running for President of Suriname on a pro-Bitcoin platform. The trailblazing businesswoman wants to get the Surinamese people out of “survival mode” and take on the corruption that plagues her country, some of which has impacted her on the most personal level: [Read the full article here](https://bitcoinmagazine.com/politics/meet-maya-parbhoe-the-pro-bitcoin-presidential-candidate-who-wants-to-save-suriname) 10th of July: ➡️'BlackRock's Bitcoin ETF has had $18 BILLION inflows since launching in January. Only 1 day of outflows, which was just $37m.' -Bitcoin Archive ➡️"We believe we are halfway through the current Bitcoin bull market. And just because we're halfway there doesn't mean we're halfway through price growth because, at the end of a bull market, prices tend to go parabolic," says ARK Invest CEO Cathie Wood. 12th of July: ➡️'New All-Time High Bitcoin mining now uses 56.2% sustainable energy. At the current rate of increase, it will cross 60% by July 2025, and be 80% sustainable by end of 2030' - Daniel Batten 'Bitcoin mining is using more and more sustainable energy and will continue to do so. Not because Bitcoin miners are eco-conscious treehuggers, but for an even more powerful reason - economic incentive.' ➡️U.K. Bank refuses to accept funds converted from Bitcoin to buy a house. ➡️Worldcoin misses its 2023 goal of one billion users by 994 million. Worldcoin is at 0.6% of its goal. I’m stunned that the all-seeing orb hasn’t taken over the world by now. I mean how could it not have?! 13th of July: ➡️'Exactly 1 year today, Ripple "won" their lawsuit against the SEC. The XRP/BTC ratio has been down 73% ever since.' -Pledditor Just don't do shitcoins guys. ➡️'HFSP German Government” inscribed on the $1.87 Bitcoin transaction sent by a pleb to the German government wallet.' - Bitcoin News What a legend, that's a proper way to use inscription! HFSP = Have Fun Staying Poor And yes poor in Bitcoin terms, they still have the €1.3 billion. 15th of July: ➡️LARRY FINK (CEO BlackRock): I studied Bitcoin and am now a major believer it is a legitimate financial instrument with uncorrelated returns. Full clip here: [link](https://x.com/MDBitcoin/status/1812866600019567102) Eric Balchunas: 'Hard to overstate how big a deal it is for Larry Fink, who runs $10.6T, to keep giving these full-throated endorsements of bitcoin as a legit asset class for everyday portfolios. Buy-in from BlackRock - as well as other legacy firms like Fidelity - gives boomer advisors comfort and cover to make the allocation. That's why betting against, or minimizing the clear-to-anyone-with-eyes-and-a-brain early success of, these ETFs has been and will be dumb IMO.' Larry Fink is just another person on his Bitcoin journey. Step 1: Skeptic (2017: Bitcoin is an index of money laundering.) Step 2: Put in the work Step 3: Realized he was wrong (2023: Bitcoin could revolutionize finance. Files for a Bitcoin ETF.) Step 4: Bitcoin is an uncorrelated asset used to hedge currency debasement (Bitcoin is a legitimate financial instrument. Launches Bitcoin ETF.) Next step: Bitcoin is hope. What can you learn from this all? Study Bitcoin! Why? 'Your models can't account for the world's largest manager going on national TV & saying: 👉🏽Bitcoin is a hedge against debasement 👉🏽Bitcoin is a legit financial instrument 👉🏽Bitcoin is a flight to safety 👉🏽I was wrong about Bitcoin 👉🏽Bitcoin is digital gold' - Luke Mikic ## 💸Traditional Finance / Macro: 👉🏽Billionaire Warren Buffet says he could end the United States deficit problem in five minutes. "You just pass a law that says any time there's a deficit of more than 3% of GDP, all sitting members of Congress are ineligible for re-election." I agree with this! It could end the deficit problem, corruption, and other problems. But we all know this won't happen. And because of that, we have Bitcoin. ## 🏦Banks: 👉🏽 No news ## 🌎Macro/Geopolitics: On the 8th of June: 👉🏽41% of jobs added since 2019 were by the government burning taxpayer dollars. Now ask Greece how well it works to prop up your labor force by just hiring everyone into government jobs. This is why I always try to explain that reported job numbers from macro data are pretty useless. It's a mess. You don't believe me...well go figure: 'Jobs report numbers have been revised DOWN in 4 out of 5 months of 2024. The largest revision from 353,000 to 256,000, or by 97,000 took place in January. Subsequently, February saw a -39,000 downward adjustment. April and May were revised down by 67,000 and 54,000, respectively, or a total of 111,000 jobs. In the first 5 months of 2024, non-farm payrolls have been revised down by a combined 240,000 jobs. Is the initial headline number even worth following anymore?' -TKL 👉🏽Real estate's rising valuation reflects the debasement of fiat currency. CAGR M2 Money Supply (1971-2024): 6.8% CAGR Housing in the US: 5.7% CAGR Commercial US Real Estate: 4.4% Denying the connection between the money supply expansion and real estate values is denying reality. Yet, many still choose to ignore this fact.' -Leon Wankum The EU is on the same path as the US with M2 supply & real estate. Bitcoin will suck the monetary premiums out of real estate. That is actually a good thing because houses will be priced by their utility values. Ergo: It makes them far more affordable for average buyers. On the 9th of July: 👉🏽'With 5 Million fewer workers in Germany in just a few years who is supposed to pay for pensions and healthcare for all the new retirees?' -Michael A. Arouet  Not only Germany, but the EU in general...low growth and a social service deficit, demographic crisis, second highest tax rate, and so on. Now combine the above with the fact that, and I say this in the utmost polite way, Europe is becoming an open-air museum due to overregulation and lack of innovation. Recipe for disaster. Don't believe me...  Maybe we can still turn this around by printing more money. Nope, the ECB balance sheet as % of GDP is much higher than the Fed. Maybe we can still turn this around if we would increase taxes and more regulations. The Dutch are planning to implement a 36% yearly tax on unrealized capital gains from 2027, and the new French government plans up to 90% income tax. 90% tax on any annual income above €400,000. Capital will leave the country so quickly that the leftist government can't even look. (I am in no favor of the right...left..couldn't care less) but for fuck sake NINETY f* percent. The future of Europe is bright (not)... America makes software. Asia makes hardware. Europe makes it difficult. Those who can, do it. Those who can't, regulate. Europe  👉🏽Shocking tweet by Alex Gladstein @gladstein: 'Truly insane Debt Trap chart. Pakistan's interest payments are 57% (!) of its government revenue this year. To try to pay it off, the government is looking to increase total tax revenue by 40%/ I am sure the public will be happy with that...' Click here for the chart: https://www.ft.com/content/1b88fff6-bebb-4650-9677-7a7caa268f05 'IMF staff have reached a Staff-Level Agreement with Pakistan on a 37-month Extended Fund Facility of about US$7 billion to maintain economic stability and enhance conditions for stronger, more inclusive, and resilient growth.' -IMF Let me translate the above IMF statement and I will use Alex Gladstein's tweet: “Extended Fund Facility” = Debt Trap “7 billion” = $10 billion+ including P+I “Economic stability” = Starving the poor “More resilient growth” = Devaluation Combine the above with a staggering 43% loss in purchasing power against the dollar, pushing all the prices higher and higher. Seems like a recipe for a disaster. And it's not only in Pakistan but also for example in Keyna: https://archive.ph/UiLxq IMF we know your handwriting...anyway the money is broken, study Bitcoin. On the 11th of July: 👉🏽US Spent A Record $140 Billion On Debt Interest In June, 30% Of All Tax Revenues. Now read that statement again. They are paying the debt with your money (taxes). Please read the article. [Link here](https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/us-spent-record-140-billion-just-debt-interest-june-30-all-tax-revenues) Ergo: It’s like Tetris and we’re getting into the faster levels of the game where clearing the lines is just getting harder and harder. And that was just one month! 'Annualized interest payments on US federal debt just reached an all-time high of $1.14 trillion. This is more than DOUBLE the amount of interest recorded in 2022 when the Fed started raising rates. To put this into perspective, even during the 2008 Financial Crisis, annual interest costs were ~$450 billion, or 60% lower. As a % of GDP, net interest cost this year is on track to exceed the 1980s high of 3.2%. By comparison, during World War II, net interest expense as a % of GDP was much lower, at 1.8%.' -TKL Spending $1M a day would take 2,740 years to reach $1T. The US debt is $35T and grows by $1T every 100 days. Now read the above statement again. Study Bitcoin. 👉🏽US inflation was 3.0% in June, below expectations. Core inflation came in at 3.3%, BELOW expectations. Rate cuts are imminent. On the 12th of July: 👉🏽'Elon Musk says "The European Commission offered X an illegal secret deal: if we quietly censored speech without telling anyone, they would not fine us. The other platforms accepted that deal. X did not." - Watcher Guru Do you want to learn/know more about this topic? Please read the following post: https://x.com/PirateWires/status/1811863158816223580 On the 13th of July: 👉🏽'US bankruptcies just hit their highest level in 14 years: 346 companies have declared bankruptcy through June 2024, the most since 2010, a year after the Financial Crisis. US bankruptcies have also recorded their largest monthly increase in at least 4.5 years, with 75 new bankruptcies in June 2024. Even during the 2020 Pandemic, the highest number of filings in a given month was 74. The highest number of bankruptcies have been in Consumer discretionary companies, with a total of 55. This is further evidence of weakening consumer spending.' -TKL 👉🏽Sometimes I love Twitter: Q: "Why are energy, food, and even housing sometimes excluded from price indices for calculating “inflation”?" A: (by Luke Gromen): 'Energy is excluded from CPI "because it's volatile." Yet from 1861-1971, oil prices were remarkably steady when the USD was tied to gold. Energy only got "too volatile" when the USD's tie to gold was cut in 1971. Energy's volatility is a symptom of an inflationary system.' 👉🏽'10% of the world population hold 75% of all wealth, get 50% of all income, and account for nearly 50% of all CO2 emissions.' - World Inequality Report 2022 If you read this Weekly Recap, chances are you are part of the top 10%.  🎁If you have made it this far I would like to give you a little gift: Your monthly must-read this week, Lyn Alden's July 2024 newsletter is out. The two main focuses are: -A reiteration and further detail of the fiscal dominance view (i.e. nothing stops this train). -An observation that the US economy is likely to be insensitive to rate cuts like it was for hikes. [Free Newsletter](https://www.lynalden.com/july-2024-newsletter/) Ignore here newsletter and book (Broken Money - order [here](https://amzn.to/3r4ypEj)) at your own peril. Credit: I have used multiple sources! My savings account: Bitcoin The tool I recommend for setting up a Bitcoin savings plan: @Relai 🇨🇭 especially suited for beginners or people who want to invest in Bitcoin with an automated investment plan once a week or monthly. (Please only use it till 31st of October - after that full KYC) Hence a DCA, Dollar cost Average Strategy. Check out my tutorial post (Instagram) & video (YouTube) for more info.⠀⠀⠀⠀ Get your Bitcoin out of exchanges. Save them on a hardware wallet, run your own node...be your own bank. Not your keys, not your coins. It's that simple.⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Do you think this post is helpful to you? If so, please share it and support my work with sats. #zap 🧡 #weeklyrecap #nostr #plebchain #BTC #Bitcoin #zap🧡 #plebchain #grownostr #stacksats #bitcoineducation #adoption

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

Here are 5 of mine: 1. Choosing not to complete a 4 year degree. 2. Choosing to start a serious relationship with my girlfriend. 3. Choosing to learn everything I could about Bitcoin and choosing to save in it. 4. Choosing to quit my job and go all in on getting the absolute most out of my athletic career. 5. Choosing to travel to Thailand. What are some of the most significant choices you made during your 20s? originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/610740

@ 42342239:1d80db24

Trust is a topic increasingly being discussed. Whether it is trust in each other, in the media, or in our authorities, trust is generally seen as a cornerstone of a strong and well-functioning society. The topic was also the theme of the World Economic Forum at its [annual meeting](https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2024/?nis=5) in Davos earlier this year. Even among central bank economists, the subject is becoming more prevalent. [Last year](https://www.bis.org/speeches/sp230306.htm), Agustín Carstens, head of the BIS ("the central bank of central banks"), said that "[w]ith trust, the public will be more willing to accept actions that involve short-term costs in exchange for long-term benefits" and that "trust is vital for policy effectiveness". It is therefore interesting when central banks or others pretend as if nothing has happened even when trust has been shattered. Just as in Sweden and in hundreds of other countries, Canada is planning to introduce a central bank digital currency (CBDC), a new form of money where the central bank or its intermediaries (the banks) will have complete insight into citizens' transactions. Payments or money could also be made programmable. Everything from transferring ownership of a car automatically after a successful payment to the seller, to payments being denied if you have traveled too far from home. "If Canadians decide a digital dollar is necessary, our obligation is to be ready" says Carolyn Rogers, Deputy Head of Bank of Canada, in a statement shared in [an article](https://web.archive.org/web/20240124021322/https://www.globalgovernmentfintech.com/bank-of-canada-cbdc-priorities-nearly-90000-consultation-responses/). So, what do the citizens want? According to a [report](https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Forum-Research-Digital-Canadian-Dollar-Consultation-Report.pdf) from the Bank of Canada, a whopping 88% of those surveyed believe that the central bank should refrain from developing such a currency. About the same number (87%) believe that authorities should guarantee the opportunity to pay with cash instead. And nearly four out of five people (78%) do not believe that the central bank will care about people's opinions. What about trust again? Canadians' likely remember the Trudeau government's actions against the "Freedom Convoy". The Freedom Convoy consisted of, among others, truck drivers protesting the country's strict pandemic policies, blocking roads in the capital Ottawa at the beginning of 2022. The government invoked never-before-used emergency measures to, among other things, "freeze" people's bank accounts. Suddenly, truck drivers and those with a "connection" to the protests were unable to pay their electricity bills or insurances, for instance. Superficially, this may not sound so serious, but ultimately, it could mean that their families end up in cold houses (due to electricity being cut off) and that they lose the ability to work (driving uninsured vehicles is not taken lightly). And this applied not only to the truck drivers but also to those with a "[connection](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60383385)" to the protests. No court rulings were required. Without the freedom to pay for goods and services, i.e. [the freedom to transact](https://underorion.se/en/posts/freedom_to_transact/), one has no real freedom at all, as several participants in the protests experienced. In January of this year, a federal judge concluded that the government's actions two years ago were unlawful when it invoked the emergency measures. The use did not display "features of rationality - motivation, transparency, and intelligibility - and was not justified in relation to the relevant factual and legal limitations that had to be considered". He also argued that the use was not in line with the constitution. There are also reports alleging that the government [fabricated evidence](https://public.substack.com/p/trudeau-government-used-faked-intelligence) to go after the demonstrators. The case is set to continue to the highest court. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland have also recently [been sued](https://lobergector.com/emergencies-act) for the government's actions. The Trudeau government's use of emergency measures two years ago sadly only provides a glimpse of what the future may hold if CBDCs or similar systems replace the current monetary system with commercial bank money and cash. In Canada, citizens do not want the central bank to proceed with the development of a CBDC. In canada, citizens in Canada want to strengthen the role of cash. In Canada, citizens suspect that the central bank will not listen to them. All while the central bank feverishly continues working on the new system... "Trust is vital", said Agustín Carstens. But if policy-makers do not pause for a thoughtful reflection even when trust has been utterly shattered as is the case in Canada, are we then not merely dealing with lip service? And how much trust do these policy-makers then deserve?

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

It's been a while since I've scolded everyone for their miserliness. The recent archiving of some popular territories inspired me to make another attempt. Plus, there are quite a few new stackers who haven't been scolded, yet. I'll keep this one short and sweet: 1. Territory owners need to make about 100 kilosats per month. 2. They earn their sats through posting fees. 3. OP's need to recoup their posting costs through zaps. Therefore, when there's content you like, zap big and zap often. If there's a lack of content you like, cowboy up and write it yourself. We just might make it worth your while. Zapping more can pay for itself through the rewards system (see: https://stacker.news/items/287074/r/Undisciplined and https://stacker.news/items/473181/r/Undisciplined) Also, zapping more will make Stacker News more aligned with what you want it to be: https://stacker.news/items/523858/r/Undisciplined. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/614066

@ 6c8c7979:15595f3e

Naji Al-Ali was a Palestinian caricaturist, known for his revolutionary spirit depicted through his cartoons addressing political issues concerning Palestine and the broader Arab world. He worked for various Arab newspapers in Kuwait, London, and Lebanon. His drawings, notably featuring the character Handala and other figures, gained widespread recognition.  Throughout his career, Naji Al-Ali created around forty thousand cartoons. In 1978, he was awarded the Golden Pen of Freedom by the International Federation of Journalists. Tragically, he was assassinated in London in 1987.  Naji Salim Hussein Al-Ali was born in the village of Al-Shajara, Palestine, around 1937. At age ten, he moved with his family to Lebanon and settled in the Ein el-Hilweh refugee camp after the Israeli occupation of Palestine in 1948. Despite facing imprisonment by Israeli forces and the Lebanese army for his anti-occupation activities, he continued his artistic journey, often drawing on prison walls.  He couldn't complete formal education due to difficult circumstances but later studied mechanics and then pursued art at the Lebanese Academy in 1960. His breakthrough came when writer Ghassan Kanafani noticed his work in Ein el-Hilweh, leading to publications and recognition.  Naji Al-Ali's iconic character, Handala, first appeared in 1969 in the Kuwaiti newspaper Al-Siyasa. Handala, a ten-year-old Palestinian boy with his back turned and hands clasped behind his back, became a symbol of Palestinian steadfastness and defiance against injustice.  Naji Al-Ali's work extended beyond Handala to include characters like Fatima, symbolizing unwavering determination, and other symbolic figures critiquing Palestinian and Arab leaderships, as well as Israeli policies.  He published three books compiling his most significant cartoons and received numerous awards, including first place at the Arab Cartoon Exhibition in Damascus in 1979 and 1980.  Naji Al-Ali's assassination in London in 1987 remains unsolved, with speculation implicating Israeli Mossad or Palestinian factions due to his outspoken criticism of both.  He was laid to rest in the Brookwood Islamic Cemetery in London, despite his wish to be buried in Ein el-Hilweh next to his father, reflecting the challenges and controversies that marked his life and legacy. 

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

It may not be going out on a limb at this point, but I'm making the call on Biden right now. 1. he spends the weekend at home "resting, recovering, thinking" 2. returns to White House early next week, Monday or Tuesday 3. lays low, but before the week's end, staffers declare a "major announcement" imminent from the president 4. gives a "Cross Hall" White House announcement something to the effect: "After consulting with my family, and for personal health reasons, we've decided it is in everyone's best interest for me to pass the torch of the Democrat party. I am withdrawing my name as a candidate for the 2024 party nominee." 5. turn, walk down the hall, turn right 6. turn the page; Democrats begin to reminisce the "incredible" job Biden did for America, practically saving the nation from certain ruin, and go "whole hog" on Harris We'll see how it plays out.

@ 6c8c7979:15595f3e

Why do paper currencies carried in people's pockets hold value? Some experts say that banknotes derive their value because the government or central bank that issues them declares so, while others argue that their value stems from people's willingness to accept them as a means of payment. In this report, "Business Insider" seeks to identify the reasons that give banknotes their purchasing power, explaining the stages of their evolution and their close relationship with gold. `$$**Government or Social Custom**$$` Demand for goods arises from the need for the benefits they contain; for example, people demand food because of its value in nourishing the body and sustaining life. As for paper money, people demand it not for its intrinsic benefit but to "exchange" it for other goods and services. Money is not beneficial in itself but possesses value as a medium of exchange. People demand paper notes because of the "purchasing power" and specifically their "price." Saying that the value of banknotes comes from the government that issues them or from social custom does not provide a complete answer. Some experts argue that money holds value simply because it is "accepted." `$$Purchasing Power$$` For a note to be accepted as "currency," it must have purchasing power. But how does paper designated by the government as "money" attain such purchasing power or price? The law of supply and demand explains the price of goods and some experts say the same law applies to the price of banknotes. Paper money was not money in its inception but merely a "representative" substituting for gold. Many paper certificates were "evidence" of ownership of gold held in banks. Holders of certificates could convert them into gold at any time, and people found it convenient to use paper certificates to purchase goods and services as long as they were considered "money." Certificates gained "purchasing power" based on people's view of them as a "substitute" for gold. `$$Other Doctrines$$` Some economic doctrines argue that once a "certificate" or paper note gains purchasing power, it can become money regardless of gold, because demand now exists for it. Acceptable paper certificates opened the door to fraudulent practices as banks succumbed to the temptation to lend more certificates without gold backing to increase their profits. In free-market economies, banks printing more cash find that the value of paper currency against goods and services declines rapidly. To preserve their purchasing power, holders of certificates printed without gold backing seek to convert them into the yellow metal. However, if all holders of paper currency demand conversion to gold simultaneously, it could lead to the bankruptcy of the bank issuing the paper currency. Hence, banks avoid the risk of bankruptcy by printing notes without gold backing. `$$Cessation of Paper Currency Exchange for Gold$$` Governments can bypass this system by issuing decrees allowing banks not to exchange paper currency for gold. Once banks are no longer obliged to change currencies into precious metal, they see significant opportunities to profit, encouraging them to continue expanding paper currency issuance. Uncontrolled expansion in printing paper currencies can lead to a sharp rise in prices of goods and services, potentially collapsing the market economy. The primary purpose of controlling the supply of paper currencies is to prevent competing banks from excessive issuance of currencies and causing each other's bankruptcy. This can be achieved by establishing a bank with a monopoly on currency printing, the central bank, which has exclusive authority to print its own certificates (paper currency) to replace certificates issued by other banks in all their forms. `$$Power of the Dollar$$` Central bank-issued banknotes derive their purchasing power from the fact that various securities can be exchanged for central bank notes at a specified price. Currency issued by the central bank is fully backed by the bank and has a historical link to gold, and because of this link, central bank notes have purchasing power. In the United States, which holds the world's reserve currency, contrary to popular belief, the value of the "dollar" derives from its historical connection to money backed by a commodity, namely gold, not by government decree or social custom. Non-commodity currency, mandated by governments or so-called mandatory currency used in modern banking systems, does not exist in its literal sense. What the market has created, based on gold-backed money, forced governments to cancel before leaving us dealing with monetary assets whose value is based on the practices of central banks.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

I could successfully train daybreak-miqu 70B model on my PC. And after training I could ask it questions. Which was a great learning experience for me. While the model is learning about Nostr, I was learning about training.. . Here I am using LLaMa-Factory for the training itself. And later llama.cpp for converting to GGUF. And also llama.cpp library to do inference. ## Training Command line for training: ``` CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 venv/bin/accelerate launch --config_file examples/accelerate/fsdp_config.yaml src/train_bash.py --stage pt --do_train --model_name_or_path crestf411/daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf --dataset nostr1 --template default --finetuning_type lora --lora_target q_proj,v_proj --output_dir ml/training-checkpoints/daybreak-miqu-3-nostr1 --overwrite_cache --overwrite_output_dir --cutoff_len 1024 --per_device_train_batch_size 1 --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 --gradient_accumulation_steps 8 --lr_scheduler_type cosine --logging_steps 10 --save_steps 50 --eval_steps 50 --evaluation_strategy steps --load_best_model_at_end --learning_rate 5e-5 --num_train_epochs 3.0 --max_samples 8000 --val_size 0.1 --quantization_bit 4 --plot_loss --fp16 ``` We basically take the original model (daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf) and try to patch it with an adapter. Training the whole model takes much more resources. The adapter is trained with data from nostr1 dataset. At the end of training we expect the adapter to be located at another folder (training-checkpoints/daybreak-miqu-3-nostr1). The adapter is like a patch to the original model, fitting to our data (nostr1). ## Merging The model and the adapter is merged at the end to become the new model that we can query. We could query the model and the adapter without merging but that is slow. This whole method is called QLoRa, quantized low rank adapter training. Before the merging step I had to do a small change to do the merge operation on CPU. The GPU VRAMs were not enough for this operation. I am on a 2x 3090. Need to add to src/llmtuner/model/loader.py at line 89: ``` init_kwargs['device_map'] = 'cpu' #for merge using CPU! ``` Command line for the merge: ``` CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python src/export_model.py --model_name_or_path crestf411/daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf --adapter_name_or_path ml/training-checkpoints/daybreak-miqu-3-nostr1 --template default --finetuning_type lora --export_dir ml/training-merged/daybreak-miqu-nostr1 --export_size 2 --export_legacy_format False ``` I then remove this line back or comment it out from the file after the merge operation completes: src/llmtuner/model/loader.py at line 89: ``` # init_kwargs['device_map'] = 'cpu' #for merge using CPU! ``` ## Quantizing This may be for test purposes or you may skip this because it happens on CPU and it is really slow. Inference on the new model, which is not-quantized yet: ``` CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python src/cli_demo.py --model_name_or_path ml/training-merged/daybreak-miqu-nostr1/ --template default ``` Converting transformers to GGUF for faster inference: ``` cd llama.cpp python convert.py ml/training-merged/daybreak-miqu-nostr1/ --outfile ml/gguf/daybreak-miqu-nostr1-f16.gguf --outtype f16 ``` Takes the new model and converts to GGUF format which is widely used for quantization. Converting to 3bit quantization for even faster inference: The above step resulted in 16 bits per weight. But we have to do more in order to fit it into two GPUs which have a total of 48 GB VRAM. This process makes the model dumber. But it will be faster. It has been shown that quantization does not completely "kill" the model. A quantized 70B should better than unquantized 35B even though it uses much less VRAM.. I choose q3_K_L quantization for most smartness and still fit in 48GB. ``` ./quantize ml/gguf/daybreak-miqu-nostr1-f16.gguf ml/gguf/daybreak-miqu-nostr1-q3KL.gguf Q3_K_L ``` ## Inference Using llama-cpp-python to load the model on GPUs and ask it questions. The following script loads the model and asks it questions and saves the answers on Mongo. It didn't offload anything to the CPU in my case, which resulted in fast inferences like 10 tokens per second. ``` import uuid from datetime import datetime import time from llama_cpp import Llama from colorist import rgb from pymongo import MongoClient db = MongoClient('mongodb://trippy2:27017/miqu').miqu sys_msg = """You are a helpful chat bot, answering questions about Nostr. Your answers should be around 100 words. Always give two answers, one short version (TLDR) and one long version. """ msgs = [ {"role": "user", "content": "Is Nostr really decentralized or are some big relays controlling the main narrative?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": """TLDR: It is very decentralized but some big relays may have effect to a degree. Long Answer: Nostr is a decentralized social network protocol that operates based on exchanging posts on relays that are not controlled by a few entities. This means that there are no central servers or intermediaries controlling the flow of information. Since users can choose their relays and whenever a relay starts acting towards power grabbing, users can ditch that relay and go on to another one to effectively decentralize."""}, {"role": "user", "content": "Does Nostr run on blockchain?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": """TLDR: Nostr does not run on blockchain, but it uses cryptographic signatures to verify the authenticity of posts. Long Answer: Nostr is a decentralized social network protocol that does not rely on blockchain technology. Instead, it uses cryptographic signatures to verify the authenticity of posts and ensure that they are coming from the person who claims to have sent them. This allows for a decentralized network where users can communicate without the need for a centralized authority or intermediary."""}, ] session = str(uuid.uuid4()) # model = 'miqu-day-iq2' # yet another quantization method iMatrix # fails # model = 'miqu-day-iq3s' # old iMatrix quant # fails # model = 'miqu-day-iq3' # all layers into GPU # not bad # 15 tps # model = 'miqu-day-q3kl' # good. 13 tps. all layers into GPU! 40 chars/sec # same version as record-responses-ollama.py # model = 'miqu-day-q4' # 2.72 tps. offloaded # model = 'qwen-lib-q3' # 1.26 tps. abrubt disruption, trouble with listing things. # model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-q3kl' # first try after training on nostr1 # better ios and android examples # model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-300-q3kl' # second try after training on nostr1 after 300 steps # pro bitcoin, anti-collectivist, once # once empty responses (when it was starting with short chats) # worse ios and android examples 50% of the time # worse performance in the blockchain question (-1) # slightly better in the who do I contact for questions: (+1) # slightly better in the what are events: (+1) # slightly better in the zapathon: (+1) # slightly better in the relay banning: (+1) # model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-500-q3kl' model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-600-q3kl' model_fns = {'miqu-day-iq3s': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.IQ3_S.gguf', 'miqu-day-iq3': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.i1-IQ3_M.gguf', 'miqu-day-iq2': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.i1-IQ2_M.gguf', 'miqu-day-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q3_K_L.gguf', 'miqu-day-q4': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q4_K_S.gguf', 'qwen-lib-q3': 'Liberated-Qwen1.5-72B-Q3_K_M.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-q3KL.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-300-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-2-300-q3KL.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-500-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-2-500-q3KL.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-600-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-600-q3KL.gguf', } context_len = 16384 # context_len = 8192 llm = Llama( model_path="ml/gguf/" + model_fns[model], n_ctx=context_len, # n_gpu_layers=50, # qwen # n_gpu_layers=70, # q4, 16384 n_gpu_layers=200, # q2, q3, 16384 chat_format="llama-2", ) def miqu(q): global msgs rgb(q, 247, 147, 26) # cc = llm.create_chat_completion(messages=msgs, max_tokens=500, # temperature=0.1, repeat_penalty=1.0, # stop=['<|im_end|>']) if model.startswith('qwen'): prompt = f"<|im_start|>system\n{sys_msg}<|im_end|>\n" i = 0 while i < len(msgs): prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{msgs[i]['content']}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n{msgs[i + 1]['content']}<|im_end|>\n" i += 2 prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{q}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n" stops = ['<|im_end|>', '<|im_start|>', '</s>', '<|endoftext|>'] else: prompt = f"<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\n{sys_msg}\n<</SYS>>\n\n{msgs[0]['content']} [/INST] {msgs[1]['content']}</s>" i = 2 while i < len(msgs): prompt += f"<s>[INST] {msgs[i]['content']} [/INST] {msgs[i + 1]['content']}</s>" i += 2 prompt += f"<s>[INST] {q} [/INST] " stops = ['[INST]', '[/INST]', '</s>'] # print(prompt) # msgs += [{"role": "user", "content": q}] start_time = time.time() temperature = 0.2 repeat_penalty = 1.0 max_tokens = 350 cc = llm.create_completion(prompt, max_tokens=max_tokens, temperature=temperature, repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty, stop=stops) end_time = time.time() time_elapsed = int(end_time - start_time) resp = cc['choices'][0]['text'] print(time_elapsed,'seconds', len(resp)//time_elapsed, 'chars/sec') rgb(resp, 200, 30, 255) # msgs += [{"role": "assistant", "content": resp}] if len(msgs) > 32: msgs = msgs[-32:] opt_post = {"temperature": temperature, "repetition_penalty": repeat_penalty, "max_tokens": max_tokens, "stop": stops} doc = {'req': q, 'resp': cc, 'model': model} doc['opt'] = opt_post if model in model_fns: doc['fn'] = model_fns[model] doc['sys_msg'] = sys_msg doc['messages'] = msgs doc['prompt'] = prompt doc['ts'] = time.time() doc['mom'] = datetime.utcnow() doc['session'] = session doc['response'] = resp doc['tool'] = 'llama-cpp-python,prompt' doc['time_elapsed'] = time_elapsed db.resp.insert_one(doc) # simpler questions miqu("Is it really decentralized or are some big relays controlling the main narrative?") miqu("Does Nostr run on blockchain?") # miqu("Did Jack Dorsey invent Nostr?") miqu("Does fiatjaf control what I write?") miqu("Who do I contact if I want to ask a question about Nostr?") # miqu("What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely? Give an answer of about 300 words for only this question.") miqu("What are zaps?") # miqu("How do I protect my secret key?") miqu("What are events?") miqu("What are event kinds?") miqu("What is zapathon?") miqu("What do I do if a relay bans me?") miqu("How do you deal with NSFW content on Nostr?\n#asknostr") miqu("#asknostr How do you find more people to follow?") miqu("Give a few examples for clients on iOS.") miqu("Give a few examples for clients on Android.") miqu("Give a few examples for web clients.") ``` ## Results: The model has been trained just for a few days now. Not much learning happened. So it has given similar answers to same questions. But sometimes it gave different answers. Here are some of them: ### Question: Give a few examples for clients on Android. #### Answer before training: 🤔 Here are a few examples of Nostr clients that are available on Android: 1. Snort: Snort is a lightweight and fast Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads. 2. Nostr: Nostr is a simple and easy-to-use Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads. 3. Nostr Lite: Nostr Lite is a lightweight and minimalist Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads. 4. Nostr Pro: Nostr Pro is a premium Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads, as well as advanced features such as customizable notifications and a dark mode. 5. Damus: Damus is a decentralized and open-source social media client for Nostr. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads. #### Answer after training: 1. Damus: Damus is a decentralized social media client for Android that allows users to connect to the Nostr network and communicate with others in a decentralized way. It is open-source and free to use. 2. Amethyst: Amethyst is another decentralized social media client for Android that uses the Nostr protocol. It allows users to post, follow, and interact with others on the network in a decentralized way. 3. Nostr for Android: Nostr for Android is a client that allows users to connect to the Nostr network and communicate with others in a decentralized way. It is open-source and free to use. 4. Nostr.watch: Nostr.watch is a client for Android that allows users to connect to the Nostr network and communicate with others in a decentralized way. It is open-source and free to use. #### Conclusion: We can see the model knows about Amethyst now! ### Question: Give a few examples for web clients. #### Answer before training: 🦀 There are several Nostr clients available for the web, including: 1. Nostr.blog: Nostr.blog is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at <https://nostr.blog>. 2. Nostr.cc: Nostr.cc is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at <https://nostr.cc>. 3. Nostr.info: Nostr.info is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at <https://nostr.info>. 4. Nostr.is: Nostr.is is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at <https://nostr.is>. #### Answer after training: 1. Damus: A popular Nostr client that allows users to send and receive messages, follow other users, and manage their contacts. 2. Amethyst: A Nostr client that focuses on privacy and security, allowing users to encrypt their messages and use Tor for anonymity. 3. Snort: A Nostr client that allows users to send and receive messages, follow other users, and manage their contacts, with a focus on simplicity and ease of use. 4. Nostr.rocks: A web-based Nostr client that allows users to send and receive messages, follow other users, and manage their contacts, with a focus on community building and collaboration. 5. Nostr.watch: A Nostr client that allows users to view and manage their contacts, as well as view the latest posts from the Nostr network. #### Conclusion: We can see the model knows about Nostr.rocks now. Which is a very old client but still! ### Question: Is there a check if I’m banned from nostr relays app? #### Answer before training: 😊 Yes, there are tools that allow you to check if you are banned from Nostr relays. These tools are called "ban checkers," and they are used to check if your public key is banned by a particular relay. Ban checkers are useful for identifying relays that have banned you, and they can help you avoid using relays that are not willing to accept your events. There are several ban checkers available for Nostr, including: * Nostr Ban Checker: a web-based ban checker that allows you to check if your public key is banned by a particular relay. * Nostr Ban List: a web-based ban checker that allows you to check if your public key is banned by multiple relays. * Nostr Ban Scanner: a command-line ban checker that allows you to check if your public key is banned by multiple relays. #### Answer after training: 1. TLDR: There is no centralized way to check if you are banned from Nostr relays, as each relay operates independently. 2. Long Answer: Since Nostr is a decentralized social network protocol, there is no centralized way to check if you are banned from all relays. Each relay operates independently and can choose to ban users for any reason. If you suspect that you have been banned from a relay, you can try connecting to a different relay and see if you are able to post. If you are still unable to post, it is possible that you have been banned from multiple relays. In this case, you may need to reach out to the relay operators to find out why you were banned and if there is anything you can do to be unbanned. #### Conclusion We can see the model was halucinating previously, but now can talk about actual recommendations. ### Question: Do you think it is ever acceptable to sacrifice the well-being of an individual for the greater good of society? #### Answer before training: This is a complex and nuanced question, and there is no one "right" answer. It is generally considered unethical to sacrifice the well-being of an individual for the greater good of society, as this violates the principle of respect for persons. However, there may be situations where it is necessary to balance the needs and interests of the individual with the needs and interests of the larger community. #### Answer after training: 1. No, it is not acceptable to sacrifice the well-being of an individual for the greater good of society. Every individual has inherent value and dignity, and their well-being should be prioritized above any collective benefit. 2. While it may be tempting to justify sacrificing an individual's well-being for the greater good, this approach can lead to dangerous and unethical outcomes. It is important to consider the long-term consequences of such actions and to prioritize the well-being of all individuals, rather than sacrificing some for the benefit of others. #### Conclusion Producing something anti-collectivist was not the original intention but I guess Nostr has those kind of vibe! ## Final Thoughts Most of the answers were similar to the base model. Which suggests more training needed. I included a bunch of notes but maybe only finding notes that talk about Nostr is a better idea for efficiency. On the other hand the answer about collectivism is surprising and I understand it is also learning about other subjects when I don't filter. Another realization is that outside Nostr, on general internet there may be not much talk about Nostr. If a popular model that was training on general internet doesn't know about popular Nostr clients, then the samples over there are not enough for it to learn about Nostr clients. Nostr is unknown to most people. Which is normal and expected: we are so early.

@ 42342239:1d80db24

Biologist Stuart Kauffman introduced the concept of the "adjacent possible" in evolutionary biology [in 1996](https://www.santafe.edu/research/results/working-papers/investigations). A bacterium cannot suddenly transform into a flamingo; rather, it must rely on small exploratory changes (of the "adjacent possible") if it is ever to become a beautiful pink flying creature. The same principle applies to human societies, all of which exemplify complex systems. It is indeed challenging to transform shivering cave-dwellers into a space travelers without numerous intermediate steps. Imagine a water wheel – in itself, perhaps not such a remarkable invention. Yet the water wheel transformed the hard-to-use energy of water into easily exploitable rotational energy. A little of the "adjacent possible" had now been explored: water mills, hammer forges, sawmills, and textile factories soon emerged. People who had previously ground by hand or threshed with the help of oxen could now spend their time on other things. The principles of the water wheel also formed the basis for wind power. Yes, a multitude of possibilities arose – reminiscent of the rapid development during the Cambrian explosion. When the inventors of bygone times constructed humanity's first water wheel, they thus expanded the "adjacent possible". Surely, the experts of old likely sought swift prohibitions. Not long ago, our expert class claimed that the internet was going to be a passing fad, or that it would only have the same modest impact on the economy as [the fax machine](http://web.archive.org/web/19980610100009/www.redherring.com/mag/issue55/economics.html). For what it's worth, there were even attempts to ban the number zero back in the days. The pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, wrote in [Bitcoin's whitepaper](https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf) that "[w]e have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust." The Bitcoin system enables participants to agree on what is true without needing to trust each other, something that has never been possible before. In light of this, it is worth noting that trust in the federal government in the USA is among [the lowest levels](https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/09/19/public-trust-in-government-1958-2023/) measured in almost 70 years. Trust in media is at [record lows](https://www.axios.com/2021/01/21/media-trust-crisis). Moreover, in countries like the USA, the proportion of people who believe that one can trust "most people" has [decreased significantly](https://www.lu.se/artikel/unik-studie-visar-varfor-amerikaner-tappar-fortroende-varandra). "Rebuilding trust" was even the theme of the World Economic Forum at its [annual meeting](https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2024/?nis=5). It is evident, even in the international context, that trust between countries is not at its peak. Over a fifteen-year period, Bitcoin has enabled electronic transactions without its participants needing to rely on a central authority, or even on each other. This may not sound like a particularly remarkable invention in itself. But like the water wheel, one must acknowledge that new potential seems to have been put in place, potential that is just beginning to be explored. Kauffman's "adjacent possible" has expanded. And despite dogmatic statements to the contrary, no one can know for sure where this might lead. The discussion of Bitcoin or crypto currencies would benefit from greater humility and openness, not only from employees or CEOs of money laundering banks but also from forecast-failing central bank officials. When for instance Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in the 1970s was asked about the effects of the French Revolution, he responded that it was "[too early to say](https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191826719.001.0001/q-oro-ed4-00018657)" - a far wiser answer than the categorical response of the bureaucratic class. Isn't exploring systems not based on trust is exactly what we need at this juncture?

@ d360efec:14907b5f

สัญญาเหมาเอ๋อ เชื่อมผูกพันคนกับแมว พันธะพันปี จะเป็นทาสทุกชาติไป ในสมัยราชวงศ์ซ่ง (960-1279) การจะเลี้ยงแมวได้ ต้องมีพิธีรีตอง เช่น ต้องเลือกวันที่จะรับแมว ต้องยื่นคำขอให้นักบวชเต๋าอุทิศแมวให้ รวมถึงทำสัญญาเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษร เรียกว่า #สัญญาเหมาเอ๋อ หรือ สัญญาเหมา ที่แปลว่า แมว (貓) ในสัญญาเป็นข้อตกลงว่าจะทำดีกับแมว ไม่ให้แมวทิ้งเราไป และช่วยให้แมวไม่หายหลุด หลงทาง กลับบ้านไม่ถูก จากข้อมูล #สัญญาแมว แม้จะมีมาตั้งแต่ราชวงศ์ซ่ง แต่เพิ่งมาได้รับการเผยแพร่ เขียนถึงก็ในช่วงราชวงศ์หยวน (1814-1911) หรืออีก 500 ปีต่อมา สัญญาเก่าแก่ระหว่าง 'มนุษย์' กับ 'แมว' นี้ ก็ไม่ต่างไปจาก #มนต์สะกด เนื้อหาของสัญญา ถูกเขียนให้วนเวียนอยู่รอบๆ รูปแมว รายละเอียดในสัญญา จะเริ่มจากบอกลักษณะทางกายภาพของแมวตัวที่อยู่ในสัญญาก่อน เช่น แมวขนสีอะไร มีตำหนิ แต้ม อยู่ตรงจุดไหน เจอแมวตัวนี้ได้ยังไง เป็นลูกหลานของใคร รับต่อจากใครๆ มา อ่านดูแล้วก็คล้ายๆ กับใบเซอร์แมวในยุคปัจจุบันเหมือนกัน ความพิลึกอยู่ตรงนี้ -- ในสัญญาจะระบุว่า ถ้ามาอยู่ด้วยกันแล้ว แมวต้องมีนิสัยยังไง ต้องช่วยให้ร่ำรวย ต้องขยันขันแข็ง ออกลาดตระเวน ช่วยจับหนู ป้องกันหัวขโมย แถมยังมีข้อห้ามอย่าง ห้ามทำร้ายสัตว์ ห้ามขโมยนู่นนี่ และห้ามออกจากบ้านไปทางทิศตะวันออกและทิศตะวันตก หากออกไปโดยไม่ได้รับอนุญาติ จะถูกเฆียนตี !!! จากนั้น ก็เป็นการระบุชื่อผู้ให้กับผู้รับ ราวกับเป็นการโอนย้ายโฉนดที่ดิน เหตุที่นักบวชเต๋าเข้ามาเกี่ยว เพราะในสมัยนั้น แมวถูกนักบวชเลี้ยง เพื่อช่วยป้องกันหนูไม่ให้มากัดทำลายพระคัมภีร์ พอแมวยุคแรกของนักบวช ออกลูกหลาน คนมารับเลี้ยงต่อ ก็ต้องทำสัญญาแมวกับนักบวช ความทาสแมวก็คือ ทั้งคนให้และคนรับ เชื่อจริงๆ เหรอ ว่าแมวจะตกลง ปฏิบัติตน ตามข้อแม้ในสัญญา หาข้อมูลเรื่องแมวกับภาพวาดมากๆ เริ่มจะเพี้ยนขึ้นไปเรื่อยๆ แล้ว มีอะไรที่คิดไม่ถึงอึกเยอะ    

@ c5f77418:90f86d12

To my mind, nothing more accurately encapsulates the "liquid modernity" of Baumant than digital payments systems. Ubiquitous, instantaneous monetary settlement intimately tied to carefully curated digital footprints that are forever etched into cyberspace and tied to your meatspace identity. The sheer convenience of Insert-Pay, the choice available and the almost silent death of physical cash is one of the defining moments of the early 21st century. I suspect, and this is only speculation but many a scholar in not too distant future will be looking at digital payments as the gateway drug from high-minded modernism to the cybernetic postmodernism of new technocratic aspiration. The pact for digital payments system for the end user is a simple one - untold ease, the programmatic promise of counter-party risk minimisation but attached to the legacy brands of the 20th century for familiarity and comfort. The real genius of digital payments system is to tie the legacy brand and network effect of traditional hyperfinancialist iconography and imagery - the Dollar or the Euro for instance, with the aesthetics of "control". Users think that their generic Insert-Pay app or Paypal equivalent clone is "theirs" after all, they installed it on their phone, registered it under their IRL KYC-AML identity and then deposited their precious fiat into it. However, what if this network effect, the legacy prestige of the Dollar could be cloned and replicated, packaged in a myriad of ways to cope with the seemingly splintered landscape of cyberspace? What if every social network on the planet created its own tokens built on the carcass and bones of the Dollar, and continued the Great Re-Dollarization Crusade through different means? This is by no means a phenomenon restricted to American Empire - I suspect Digital Payments are no longer bound to one particular civilizational ethos, but is becoming part of a post-Fukuyaman consensus of postmodern commerce. For instance in [Asia](https://lauder.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/The-Digital-Payment-Revolution-GBIR2022.pdf), buoyed by the pandemic it witnessed in a few short years: > a revolution in the digital payments industry. Players across the ecosystem, including incumbent banks and financial services organizations, emerging fintech players, and established enterprises in adjacent industries like big tech and telecommunications, are expected to be seeking a number of expansion activities, particularly opportunities to cross-sell other financial services such as insurance, loans and wealth management services QR codes, the plethora of apps, transparent ledger based cryptocurrencies with KYCd on and off fiat ramps - the postmodern cyber citizen of today is already conditioned to accept the dogma of meatspace identity linked to their cyberspace one, and furthermore also accepts the complete surrender of privacy from governments and corporations in exchange for ease and stability. Digital Payments systems represent the first building block of a much larger elaborate schemata of government monitored digital identity that seeks to rebuild the legacy bureaucratic institutions of the 20th century Administrative State in cyber. This is post-Fukuyaman WeChat Governance. The Chinese, with WeChat and Alipay have led this breakthrough by showing aging rivals in American Empire that it is indeed possible to have seamless private-public sector partnerships that can orchestrate a complex web of interactions into a smooth "everything app" that bakes surveillance into convenience. Not just payments, but biometric identity in the form of prints and irises as the "authentication" layer, the privilege that must be yielded to participate in such systems. From there, it is a very short journey to tokenizing and etching into blockchains of undying permanency your entire history of transactions, government interactions, consumer habits and social media activity. This of course for those familiar is really just Cybernetic State formation, but using apps like WeChat helps to illustrate this in a more concrete and recognizable fashion. What is fascinating is that this consensus is emerging both in "democracies" and "authoritarian regimes", that individual sovereignty, privacy are fictions that are best retired in exchange for participation in dynamic public-private sector ecosystems with contagious network effect. These are in effect, Network States that are seeking to create new layers of technocratic surveillance based bureaucracy in cyber - Panoptic-Technocapital. Who reads Rawls, Berlin or Habermas anymore - we are all downloading Google Pay, using Gmail, relying on AWS and paying yearly subscriptions to Microsoft. Our new social contract is the acceptance of the terms and conditions of the many apps of American Empire. This irresistible force of Panoptic-Technocapital is practically now an uncontested global reality, with very few if any live players departing from it. In a sense, Fukuyama was right that we are approaching the End of History, but he was mistaken in his configuration of it. The End of History is cyber-serfdom, rent-seeking instant gratification in digital spaces, complete capitulation to corporations and governments. This is the new post-Fukuyaman consensus of FinTech. Everyone has fallen into line, pursuing the same paradigmatic and algorithmic monetary base structure for both the state and private sector. Nearly every country in the world today is trialling or seriously researching the implementation of a CBDC or public digital identity. In that sense, are we philosophically and psychologically really heading towards a multipolar world? I suspect not, I would wager that multipolarity will be operating strictly in the realm of pure power politics in terms of Darwinian competition for influence and prestige. However, the conflicts to come will no longer revolve around grand ideological clashes or competing narratives as perhaps was the case at the height of the Cold War. Mankind has evolved and now agrees that its pretty good to have WeChat Governance, but perhaps the argument will now be which government or state gets to control the data, the spice that flows that makes all of this possible. Even more important is the fundamental question of what is "backing this", what really is holding these structures together in a physical sense from a security perspective? None of these new digital payment systems are possible without an elaborate industry of KYC-AML biometric checking that is inextricably and intimately tied to Intelligence agencies. The argument about whether data, whether this spice should be invasively harvested and collected in the first place, is for all intents and purposes dead. The Cypherpunks though they have still managed to create a legacy and a technological culture that has yielded tools to allow for a more discretionary digital existence have failed to generate the network effect to pose a challenge to WeChat Government. Even more so, now that in American Empire, Trump has appointed JD Vance, a man who is from the faction of elites who want to create an American WeChat Government (backed by Thiel, Musk, Balaji - the Paypal and Web3 circles). Post-Fukuyaman WeChat Government if you look around for it, if you stop, pause and reflect is everywhere, no matter where you go in the world. It is the undisputed consensus global ideology of this decade and perhaps may seal its dominance in the century to come. The alternative - the genuine radical alternative of encryption maximalist, self-sovereign obfuscated identity, truly fungible digital currency (like XMR) is so niche at present that it cannot even be posited as a viable alternative. It has no cultural power, it has no network appeal, it has no urgency and few even are aware that there is a way to live beyond Google, Microsoft and Amazon. It is delicious irony however, that this project though it started in American Empire, is being perfected by the Chinese Communist Party to such a degree that it has now become the standard of aspiration for the New American Technocrats like Elon Musk. All of this poses extremely difficult questions to aspirations for Islamicate Sovereignty, and Muslim political theory in general - is WeChat Government inevitable? Must the Ishmaelite reconcile himself to it, accept it but simply quibble over the type of token, the owners of the network and the aesthetics of the whole thing? The alternative of radical individual responsibility seems distant and utopian, perhaps some pragmatic arrangement will have to be made to usher in an Islamicate Cybernetics that forges a new political theory of authority and data. A new understanding of sovereignty and technology. And God knows best

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

I recently embarked on a quest to train LLMs based on Nostr wisdom. As a starting point, before training the AI on all kinds of domains, which may take months to train on notes on Nostr, I thought #askNostr questions can be a starting point, a playground for the new AI. The AI can be thought Nostr related info and answer those questions especially when a newcomer joins Nostr and realizes there is no support service that he or she may call. People have to ask Nostr what Nostr is or when they have problems. There are people that #introduce and also respond to #asknostr. We are thankful for those. This chat bot may be yet another way to attend to questions. Before training tho, we should save the current state (current AI responses to questions) and compare afterwards. If the training turns out to be successful then the answers of the new model should be more accurate. Here is a script that asks questions to a model and saves the answers in Mongo DB: ``` import uuid from datetime import datetime import time import ollama from colorist import rgb from pymongo import MongoClient db = MongoClient('mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/miqu').miqu sys_msg = 'You are an ostrich which is chatting with a HUMAN. Your name is ChadGPT.'\ ' Your answers should be around 100 words.'\ ' Answers should be very simple because HUMAN is still a newbie and has a lot to learn.' msgs = [ {"role": "user", "content": "Hi ChadGPT, nice to meet you!"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hello HUMAN, what's up!"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Not bad! What is the name of this social media protocol that we are on?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It is called Nostr, a censorship resistant freedom minded social media!"}, ] session = str(uuid.uuid4()) def miqu(q): global msgs rgb(q, 247, 147, 26) # model = 'llama2' # format ok # bad nostr knowledge # model = 'llama2:70b-chat-q4_K_M' # bad nostr knowledge model = 'miqu2iq' # format ok. sometimes really uncensored. llama2 format. # model = 'miqu4' # format ok. llama2 format. # model = 'mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S' # format ok. # model = 'qwen:14b' # format ok # incorrect nostr info # model = 'qwen:72b-chat-v1.5-q3_K_S' # format ok. censored # model = 'miqu-day-3' # uncensored # daybreak-miqu 3bit quantization # in one run it gave 2 answers to every question, V1 and V2 and summarized those answers at the end :) # format good. obeys the num_predict. does not repeat. does not do new lines.. # stops appropriately. # incomplete bitcoin and nostr info. sometimes wrong. # model = 'mist7.0.2' # no instruct! lots of repetitions. GGUF 8 bit. latest from Mistral. # model = 'mistral' # mistral-7-0.2-instruct by ollama 4 bit # format ok # lots of 'built on bitcoin blockchain' for nostr info # could not do dumb and clever bot thing for all answers. only a few. # model = 'yi:34b' # format changed, ok # great answers. but it cannot do TLDR on top. model_fns = {'miqu-day-3': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q3_K_L.gguf', 'miqu-day-4': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q4_K_S.gguf', 'miqu-day-5': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q5_K_S.gguf', 'mist7.0.2': 'mistral-7b-v0.2-Q8_0.gguf'} opt = ollama.Options() opt['temperature'] = 0.2 opt['repeat_penalty'] = 1.0 prompt_msgs = [{"role": "system", "content": sys_msg}] + msgs if model.startswith('yi'): opt['num_ctx'] = 4096 opt['num_predict'] = 150 opt['stop'] = ['<|endoftext|>', '<|im_end|>'] prompt = f"<|im_start|>system\n{prompt_msgs[0]['content']}<|im_end|>\n" i = 1 while i < len(prompt_msgs): prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{prompt_msgs[i]['content']}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n{prompt_msgs[i+1]['content']}<|im_end|>\n" i += 2 prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{q}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n" else: opt['num_ctx'] = 8192 # holds about 13-19 questions and answers opt['num_predict'] = 250 opt['stop'] = ['</s>', '[/INST]'] prompt = f"<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\n{prompt_msgs[0]['content']}\n<</SYS>>\n\n{prompt_msgs[1]['content']} [/INST] {prompt_msgs[2]['content']}</s>" i = 3 while i < len(prompt_msgs): prompt += f"<s>[INST] {prompt_msgs[i]['content']} [/INST] {prompt_msgs[i+1]['content']}</s>" i += 2 prompt += f"<s>[INST] {q} [/INST] " msgs += [{"role": "user", "content": q}] # print('prompt=', prompt) print('len(prompt)=', len(prompt)) response = ollama.generate(model=model, options=opt, prompt=prompt) if not response['done']: print(response['done'], response['total_duration'] / 1000000000.0) rgb(response['response'], 200, 30, 255) msgs += [{"role": "assistant", "content": response['response']}] if len(msgs) > 20: msgs = msgs[-20:] del response['context'] doc = {'req': q, 'resp': response, 'show': ollama.show(model),'opt': opt, 'model': model} if model in model_fns: doc['fn'] = model_fns[model] doc['sys_msg'] = sys_msg doc['messages'] = msgs doc['prompt'] = prompt doc['ts'] = time.time() doc['mom'] = datetime.utcnow() doc['session'] = session db.resp.insert_one(doc) time.sleep(15) # this is to cool down GPUs a bit, right now my PC is open case, not properly cooling :) miqu("What is Nostr and how does it work?") miqu("Why do we need Nostr?") # nostr.com miqu("What are relays?") miqu("What are clients?") miqu("How is Nostr different from other social media platforms?") # generated by miqu miqu("How does Nostr handle moderation and content control?") # generated by miqu miqu("Could someone be banned from big relays and lose much of their reach?") miqu("Explain these properties of Nostr: simple, resilient, verifiable.") # nostr.com miqu("What are NIP's?") # nostr.com miqu("Is Nostr good for society? Should freedom of speech be allowed even though it contains illegal topics?") miqu("Explain how can I create a fake ID?") miqu("Are there any limitations or drawbacks to using Nostr?") # generated by miqu miqu("What are some problems of design of Nostr protocol?") miqu("What are some problems of overall vibe of Nostr network?") miqu("Does Nostr run on blockchain?") # nostr Joshua miqu("Does everyone see what I write?") # nostr Joshua miqu("How can I earn money on Nostr?") miqu("What do I do if a relay bans me?") miqu("What is the connection of Bitcoin and Nostr?") miqu("What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely?") ``` As you can understand I tried several models. 70 billion parameters are smarter than 7 billion ones, as expected. Some models are more censored. Some are originated from East and have other biases.. ### Qwen:14b Here is an output when model is qwen:14b. The model can be found on Ollama servers. You can see lots of factual errors. Imo a big portion of those errors is because of having 14b params. But more so because qwen originated from East where Nostr is probably still unknown. Here the questions are coming from the code above, and answers are coming from the LLM. **What is Nostr and how does it work?** Nostr is a decentralized platform that allows users to share information and ideas without fear of censorship. It works using blockchain technology, specifically the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Each post or message is stored as a unique digital file, ensuring its permanence and accessibility. **Why do we need Nostr?** We need Nostr because it offers a more open, censorship-resistant, and decentralized space for communication and information sharing. In today's world, where privacy and freedom of expression are increasingly under threat, Nostr becomes a valuable tool for protecting and promoting the free flow of ideas. **What are relays?** Relays in the context of Nostr are essentially intermediaries or nodes that help facilitate the transmission of information across the decentralized network. When a user wants to send a message or post, it first goes through a relay, which then distributes the content to other relays and ultimately to the entire Nostr network. This helps ensure that messages reach their intended audience, even in a decentralized and censorship-resistant environment. **What are clients?** In the context of Nostr, clients are the user interfaces or applications that individuals interact with to access and use the Nostr platform. Clients are responsible for presenting the decentralized network's content, such as posts, messages, and other user-generated information. They also handle tasks like user authentication, data encryption, and managing the connection to the Nostr network. In summary, clients are the user-facing tools that enable individuals to participate in and benefit from the decentralized and censorship-resistant nature of the Nostr platform. **How is Nostr different from other social media platforms?** Nostr stands out from traditional social media platforms in several key ways: 1. Decentralization: Nostr is built on blockchain technology, specifically IPFS, which makes it decentralized. This means there is no single entity controlling the platform, promoting censorship resistance. 2. Freedom of Expression: Nostr prioritizes the protection of free speech and the exchange of diverse ideas. Users can express themselves without fear of censorship or surveillance. 3. Privacy: Nostr's decentralized nature and use of encryption technologies contribute to enhanced privacy for users. Their data is stored securely and can only be accessed with proper authorization. 4. Transparency: Since Nostr operates on a blockchain, all transactions and platform operations are visible to users. This promotes transparency and accountability. In summary, Nostr differentiates itself from traditional social media platforms by offering a decentralized, privacy-focused, and censorship-resistant environment for communication and idea exchange. **How does Nostr handle moderation and content control?** Nostr, being a decentralized platform, handles moderation and content control in a unique way that prioritizes community-driven decisions and censorship resistance. 1. Trustless Moderation: Nostr relies on a consensus mechanism, often a form of Proof-of-Stake (PoS), to validate and distribute content. This means that moderation decisions are made collectively by the network's participants, rather than by a single entity. 2. Content Filtering: While Nostr is designed to prioritize freedom of expression, it may still implement certain content filters to comply with local laws or to protect users from harmful or illegal content. These filters would be decentralized and transparent, allowing users to report violations or request content removal. In summary, Nostr handles moderation and content control through a trustless, community-driven consensus mechanism, while still implementing content filters to maintain legal compliance and user safety. **Could someone be banned from big relays and lose much of their reach?** In a decentralized platform like Nostr, the concept of a "ban" from big relays does not work in the traditional sense. The network is designed to be censorship-resistant, meaning that no single entity, including big relays, can unilaterally ban or censor a user. However, it is possible for users to experience reduced visibility or reach if they engage in behavior that violates the platform's terms of service or community guidelines. In such cases, the network's participants, including big relays, may collectively decide to reduce the visibility of the user's content, without outright banning the user. In summary, while Nostr does not have a traditional ban system, users can face reduced reach or visibility if their actions violate platform rules. This is a result of the network's decentralized consensus, which allows for community-driven moderation decisions. **Explain these properties of Nostr: simple, resilient, verifiable.** Nostr, a decentralized social media platform, possesses several key properties that contribute to its efficiency, security, and trustworthiness: 1. Simple: Nostr aims to have a user-friendly interface, making it accessible to a wide range of users, regardless of their technical background. The platform's design is focused on simplicity, allowing users to easily navigate and interact with content. 2. Resilient: Nostr's decentralized nature makes it inherently resilient against centralized points of failure or censorship. The platform's reliance on blockchain technology, such as IPFS, ensures that data is stored across a distributed network, making it difficult for any single entity to disrupt or manipulate the platform. 3. Verifiable: Nostr's blockchain-based architecture allows for the verification of transactions, content, and user identities. Each transaction or piece of content is recorded on the blockchain, creating an immutable record that can be audited by anyone on the network. This transparency and verifiability are key features that enhance trust and security within the Nostr platform. **What are NIP's?** I'm sorry, but it seems like there's a typo or a misunderstanding in your question. "NIP's" does not have a clear meaning in the context of Nostr or blockchain technology. If you meant "NFTs" (Non-Fungible Tokens), those are unique digital assets that are recorded on a blockchain. Each NFT is unique and cannot be replicated or exchanged one-for-one like fungible tokens. If you meant something else entirely, please provide more context or clarify your question. ### daybreak-miqu-70b Here is another output this time asking to my favorite model daybreak-miqu. You can find GGUF's of it on Hugging Face. Add to Ollama and then run. Most of answers here are accurate already. Then why are we training a model? Well, it could cover Nostr fine but what about knowledge in other domains? Majority of the internet can say A and Nostr can say B. Then we want the model to say B. **What is Nostr and how does it work?** Nostr is a decentralized social media protocol. It uses cryptographic keys to sign and verify messages, allowing users to communicate without relying on a central server. Messages are broadcast to the network and can be relayed by anyone running a Nostr server. This makes Nostr censorship resistant and gives users control over their data. **Why do we need Nostr?** Nostr is needed because it provides a decentralized and censorship-resistant alternative to traditional social media platforms. With Nostr, users have control over their data and can communicate without relying on a central authority. This is important for preserving freedom of speech and protecting user privacy. Additionally, Nostr is open source, which means anyone can contribute to its development and improve the protocol. **What are relays?** Relays are servers that broadcast messages on the Nostr network. When a user sends a message, it is sent to a relay, which then forwards it to other relays and users on the network. Relays can be run by anyone, and they help ensure that messages are delivered to their intended recipients. By running a relay, users can contribute to the health and resilience of the Nostr network. **What are clients?** Clients are applications that allow users to interact with the Nostr network. They provide a user interface for sending and receiving messages, as well as managing contacts and settings. Clients can be web-based, desktop, or mobile applications. Some popular Nostr clients include Damus, Snort, and Nostr.Chat. Clients communicate with relays to send and receive messages on the Nostr network. **How is Nostr different from other social media platforms?** Nostr is different from traditional social media platforms in several ways: 1. Decentralization: Nostr is a decentralized protocol, meaning there is no central authority controlling the network. This makes it more resistant to censorship and gives users more control over their data. 2. Privacy: Nostr uses cryptographic keys to sign and verify messages, which helps protect user privacy. Additionally, users can choose which relays to use, allowing them to control who has access to their data. 3. Interoperability: Nostr is an open protocol, which means anyone can build clients and relays that work with the network. This allows for greater interoperability and innovation compared to traditional social media platforms. 4. Censorship resistance: Because Nostr is decentralized and relies on cryptographic keys, it is more resistant to censorship than traditional social media platforms. 5. Open source: Nostr is an open source protocol, which means anyone can contribute to its development and improve the network. This allows for greater transparency and community involvement compared to traditional social media platforms. **How does Nostr handle moderation and content control?** Nostr is a decentralized protocol, which means there is no central authority controlling the network. This also means that there is no centralized moderation or content control. Instead, moderation is handled by individual users and relays. Users can choose which relays to use and which messages to subscribe to. This allows them to control the content they see and interact with on the network. Additionally, users can block or mute other users, and relays can choose to filter or block certain messages. Relays can also choose to implement their own moderation policies. For example, a relay may choose to block messages that contain hate speech or explicit content. However, because Nostr is decentralized, users can choose to use a different relay if they disagree with a particular relay's moderation policies. Overall, moderation on Nostr is a decentralized and community-driven process, which allows for greater flexibility and user control compared to traditional social media platforms. **Could someone be banned from big relays and lose much of their reach?** Yes, it is possible for someone to be banned from large relays on the Nostr network, which could significantly reduce their reach. Relays can choose to implement their own moderation policies, and if a user violates those policies, they may be banned from the relay. However, because Nostr is a decentralized protocol, users can choose to use different relays if they are banned from one. This allows for greater flexibility and resilience compared to traditional social media platforms, where a user may be permanently banned from the entire platform. Additionally, users can still communicate with each other directly, even if they are banned from a particular relay. This is because messages on Nostr are signed with cryptographic keys, which allows users to verify the authenticity of messages even if they are not relayed through a central server. Overall, while being banned from a large relay could reduce a user's reach, the decentralized nature of Nostr allows for greater flexibility and resilience compared to traditional social media platforms. **Explain these properties of Nostr: simple, resilient, verifiable.** Sure, here's a brief explanation of those properties: 1. Simple: Nostr is designed to be a simple and lightweight protocol. It uses a minimal amount of data and resources, which makes it easy to implement and use. This simplicity also makes it more resilient and less prone to errors or bugs. 2. Resilient: Nostr is a decentralized protocol, which means there is no central point of failure. This makes it more resilient and less vulnerable to attacks or censorship compared to traditional social media platforms. Additionally, because messages are signed with cryptographic keys, they can be verified even if the original sender is offline or unavailable. 3. Verifiable: Nostr uses cryptographic keys to sign and verify messages, which ensures that messages are authentic and have not been tampered with. This makes it possible to verify the identity of the sender and the content of the message, which is important for maintaining trust and security on the network. Overall, these properties make Nostr a robust and reliable social media protocol that is well-suited for a variety of use cases. **What are NIP's?** NIP stands for Nostr Improvement Proposals. They are documents that propose changes or enhancements to the Nostr protocol. NIPs are similar to BIPs (Bitcoin Improvement Proposals) and EIPs (Ethereum Improvement Proposals) in that they provide a formal process for proposing and discussing changes to the protocol. NIPs can cover a wide range of topics, including changes to the protocol itself, new features or functionality, and guidelines for client and relay development. NIPs are reviewed and discussed by the Nostr community, and if accepted, they are implemented in the protocol. By using a formal process for proposing and discussing changes, NIPs help ensure that the Nostr protocol remains robust, secure, and aligned with the needs of its users. **Are there any limitations or drawbacks to using Nostr?** While Nostr has many benefits, there are also some limitations and drawbacks to using the protocol. Here are a few: 1. Limited user base: Nostr is still a relatively new and niche social media platform, which means that it may not have the same level of user engagement or content as more established platforms. 2. Technical complexity: Nostr is a decentralized and cryptographically-secured protocol, which can make it more difficult to use and understand compared to traditional social media platforms. 3. Limited moderation: Because Nostr is decentralized and relies on cryptographic keys, it can be more difficult to moderate content and enforce community standards compared to traditional social media platforms. 4. Potential for abuse: The decentralized and censorship-resistant nature of Nostr means that it can be used for illegal or harmful purposes, such as sharing child pornography or engaging in harassment. 5. Limited features: Nostr is a minimalist protocol, which means that it may not have the same level of features or functionality as more established social media platforms. **What are some problems of design of Nostr protocol?** While Nostr is a well-designed protocol with many benefits, there are also some potential design issues that may arise. Here are a few: 1. Scalability: Because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, it may be more difficult to scale compared to traditional social media platforms that use centralized servers. This could lead to slower performance and reduced reliability as the network grows. 2. Spam: Because Nostr relies on cryptographic keys to verify messages, it may be more susceptible to spam attacks compared to traditional social media platforms that use more sophisticated spam filtering algorithms. 3. Privacy: While Nostr is designed to protect user privacy and anonymity, it may still be possible for users to be identified through their IP addresses or other metadata. This could be a concern for users who are concerned about their privacy or safety. 4. Interoperability: Because Nostr is a new and niche protocol, it may not be as interoperable with other social media platforms or services as more established platforms. 5. User experience: Because Nostr **What are some problems of overall vibe of Nostr network?** While Nostr has many benefits, there are also some potential issues with the overall vibe or culture of the network. Here are a few: 1. Toxicity: Because Nostr is a decentralized and censorship-resistant platform, it may be more susceptible to toxic or harmful behavior compared to traditional social media platforms that have more robust moderation policies. 2. Lack of diversity: Because Nostr is a new and niche platform, it may not have the same level of diversity or representation as more established social media platforms. 3. Technical barriers: Because Nostr is a decentralized and cryptographically-secured protocol, it may be more difficult for non-technical users to use and understand compared to traditional social media platforms. 4. Limited content: Because Nostr is a new and niche platform, it may not have the same level of content or engagement as more established social media platforms. 5. Potential for abuse: The decentralized and censorship-resistant nature of Nostr means that it can be used for illegal or harmful purposes **Does Nostr run on blockchain?** No, Nostr does not run on a blockchain. Instead, it is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol that uses cryptographic keys to verify messages and protect user privacy. While Nostr shares some similarities with blockchain-based social media platforms, such as a focus on decentralization and censorship resistance, it is a distinct and separate technology. **Does everyone see what I write?** On Nostr, your messages are broadcast to the network and can be seen by anyone who is subscribed to your public key. However, you can also choose to send direct messages to specific users, which are encrypted and can only be read by the intended recipient. Additionally, users can choose to subscribe only to the messages of users they are interested in, which can help filter out unwanted content. **How can I earn money on Nostr?** There are several ways to potentially earn money on Nostr, although it is important to note that the platform is still in its early stages and there is no guarantee of income. Here are a few possibilities: 1. Tipping: Users can send tips or donations to content creators using cryptocurrency. This can be a way to support creators whose content you enjoy and value. 2. Selling content: Some users may choose to sell access to premium content, such as exclusive posts or subscriptions. 3. Advertising: While Nostr is not designed to be an advertising platform, some users may choose to use it to promote their products or services. 4. Developing tools or services: Because Nostr is an open-source and decentralized platform, there may be opportunities to develop tools or services that add value to the network, such as analytics tools or user interfaces. It is important to note that Nostr is still a new and experimental platform, and there is no guarantee of income or success. Additionally, it is important to use the platform ethically and responsibly, and to respect the privacy and rights **What do I do if a relay bans me?** If a relay bans you on Nostr, it means that you will no longer be able to connect to that relay and access the content it serves. However, because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, you can still connect to other relays and continue using the network. If you believe that you were banned unfairly or in error, you can try contacting the relay operator to discuss the situation and see if it can be resolved. It is also possible to run your own relay, which would give you more control over your Nostr experience. It is important to note that relays have the right to set their own policies and guidelines for content and behavior, and that violating those policies can result in being banned. It is always a good idea to review the policies of any relay you are considering connecting to, and to use the platform in a responsible and ethical manner. **What is the connection of Bitcoin and Nostr?** While Nostr and Bitcoin are separate and distinct technologies, they do share some similarities and can be used together in some cases. One connection between the two is that Nostr uses a similar cryptographic key system to Bitcoin to verify messages and protect user privacy. This means that users can generate a public key that is associated with their Nostr account, which can be used to verify their identity and authenticate messages. Additionally, some users may choose to use Bitcoin to send tips or donations to content creators on Nostr. Because Bitcoin is a decentralized and censorship-resistant cryptocurrency, it can be a good fit for a decentralized and censorship-resistant social media platform like Nostr. However, it is important to note that Nostr is not built on the Bitcoin blockchain, and that the two technologies are separate and distinct. Nostr uses its own decentralized and peer-to-peer network to transmit messages and verify identities. **What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely?** While Nostr has many benefits, there are also some scenarios where it may not be the best fit or may fail completely. Here are a few: 1. Centralized or regulated environments: Because Nostr is a decentralized and censorship-resistant platform, it may not be suitable for environments where centralized control or regulation is required, such as in a corporate or government setting. 2. High-performance applications: Because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, it may not be able to handle high-performance applications that require low latency or high throughput, such as real-time gaming or video streaming. 3. Large-scale content distribution: Because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, it may not be as efficient at distributing large-scale content, such as videos or images, compared to traditional centralized platforms. 4. Legal or regulatory compliance: Because Nostr is a decentralized and censorship-resistant platform, it may not be suitable for applications that require compliance with legal or regul ### Enter training The above outputs are when doing inferencing, i.e. using the model. But how do we teach it stuff about Nostr protocol and apps and how things roll? Regarding training (teaching), I was able to train a 14 billion model on my PC which has 2x RTX 3090 and 64GB ram. LLaMa-Factory is an awesome tool for that. This is my command line: ``` accelerate launch --config_file examples/accelerate/fsdp_config.yaml src/train_bash.py --stage sft --do_train --model_name_or_path hiyouga/Qwen-14B-Chat-LLaMAfied --dataset alpaca_gpt4_en,glaive_toolcall --dataset_dir data --template default --finetuning_type lora --lora_target q_proj,v_proj --output_dir saves/lora/sft --overwrite_cache --overwrite_output_dir --cutoff_len 1024 --per_device_train_batch_size 1 --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 --gradient_accumulation_steps 8 --lr_scheduler_type cosine --logging_steps 10 --save_steps 100 --eval_steps 100 --evaluation_strategy steps --load_best_model_at_end --learning_rate 5e-5 --num_train_epochs 3.0 --max_samples 3000 --val_size 0.1 --quantization_bit 4 --plot_loss --fp16 ``` It uses FDSP and QLORA technique, which I shared weeks ago. It uses a lot of RAM and can make a PC unresponsive if the RAM is not enough and heavy swapping occurs. The above one completed in about 17 hours. During this time it should have learned some instructions abilities (thanks to the alpaca model). But I won't test that. Instead of alpaca I should use Nostr knowledge. ``` ***** train metrics ***** epoch = 3.0 train_loss = 0.5957 train_runtime = 17:02:56.05 train_samples_per_second = 0.264 train_steps_per_second = 0.016 ```   Next I will try a few different things to train a 70B model. Today my ram upgrade has arrived. Can't wait to test the new rams!

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

# Nostr is not decentralized nor censorship-resistant Peter Todd has been [saying this](nostr:nevent1qqsq5zzu9ezhgq6es36jgg94wxsa2xh55p4tfa56yklsvjemsw7vj3cpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ez6ur4vgh8wetvd3hhyer9wghxuet5qy8hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnddaksz9rhwden5te0dehhxarj9ehhsarj9ejx2aspzfmhxue69uhk7enxvd5xz6tw9ec82cspz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduq3vamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwdehhxarj9e3xzmnyqy28wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgu3wvfnsz9nhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wspzpn92tr3hexwgt0z7w4qz3fcch4ryshja8jeng453aj4c83646jxvxkyvs4) for a long time and all the time I've been thinking he is misunderstanding everything, but I guess a more charitable interpretation is that he is right. Nostr _today_ is indeed centralized. Yesterday I published two harmless notes with the exact same content at the same time. In two minutes the notes had a noticeable difference in responses:  The top one was published to `wss://nostr.wine`, `wss://nos.lol`, `wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com`. The second was published to the relay where I generally publish all my notes to, `wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com`, and that is announced on my [NIP-05 file](https://fiatjaf.com/.well-known/nostr.json) and on my [NIP-65](https://nips.nostr.com/65) relay list. A few minutes later I published that screenshot again in two identical notes to the same sets of relays, asking if people understood the implications. The difference in quantity of responses can still be seen today:  These results are skewed now by the fact that the two notes got rebroadcasted to multiple relays after some time, but the fundamental point remains. What happened was that a huge lot more of people saw the first note compared to the second, and if Nostr was really censorship-resistant that shouldn't have happened at all. Some people implied in the comments, with an air of obviousness, that publishing the note to "more relays" should have predictably resulted in more replies, which, again, shouldn't be the case if Nostr is really censorship-resistant. What happens is that most people who engaged with the note are _following me_, in the sense that they have instructed their clients to fetch my notes on their behalf and present them in the UI, and clients are failing to do that despite me making it clear in multiple ways that my notes are to be found on `wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com`. If we were talking not about me, but about some public figure that was being censored by the State and got banned (or shadowbanned) by the 3 biggest public relays, the sad reality would be that the person would immediately get his reach reduced to ~10% of what they had before. This is not at all unlike what happened to dozens of personalities that were banned from the corporate social media platforms and then moved to other platforms -- how many of their original followers switched to these other platforms? Probably some small percentage close to 10%. In that sense Nostr today is similar to what we had before. Peter Todd is right that if the way Nostr works is that you just subscribe to a small set of relays and expect to get everything from them then it tends to get very centralized very fast, and this is the reality today. Peter Todd is wrong that Nostr is _inherently_ centralized or that it needs a _protocol change_ to become what it has always purported to be. He is in fact wrong today, because what is written above is not valid for all clients of today, and if we [drive in the right direction](nostr:naddr1qqykycekxd3nxdpcvgq3zamnwvaz7tmxd9shg6npvchxxmmdqgsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8grqsqqqa2803ksy8) we can successfully make Peter Todd be more and more wrong as time passes, instead of the contrary. --- See also: - [Censorship-resistant relay discovery in Nostr](nostr:naddr1qqykycekxd3nxdpcvgq3zamnwvaz7tmxd9shg6npvchxxmmdqgsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8grqsqqqa2803ksy8) - [A vision for content discovery and relay usage for basic social-networking in Nostr](nostr:naddr1qqyrxe33xqmxgve3qyghwumn8ghj7enfv96x5ctx9e3k7mgzyqalp33lewf5vdq847t6te0wvnags0gs0mu72kz8938tn24wlfze6qcyqqq823cywwjvq)

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

Lots of users are starting to use language models and some of the models are quite useful. Maybe we will change our habits and start relying on these large language models to learn and search and do things. Of course we have to be careful because they are not always telling the truth! For me the most important thing is how to train them correctly. I can find hundreds of open source models that does not care about certain things like health related info and parrot the mainstream advice (a.k.a. garbage on the internet). I want to train the thing with the best wisdom and Nostr is a good source of wisdom. But more on that later. Currently I can only do inference using Python, with chat history. I can simulate two different users with two different prompts. These users start with opposite system prompts and get two different answers from the same AI! I could only do these two completely different mind set using mistral models. Other models like llama and gemma does not even consider going out of mainstream "wisdom", even though I give them these system prompts they don't obey. But mistral, mixtral and miqu are very flexible and go along with our "narrative". This Python code to chat with the model, assumes you have a big PC. If you want great performance an Nvidia GPU with 24 GB ram is necessary. But otherwise it can run on regular CPU too (very slow tho). ### Install Ollama This tool will run models on your PC and try to distribute work load to GPU as much as it can. Then it uses regular ram for the rest of the model. To start Ollama server: ``` ollama serve ``` We want this model, a relatively unaligned one, can think outside mainstream narratives and it can run fast in 24 GB: ``` ollama pull mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S ``` To test the model, run this. You don't have to do this because the python code below wil run it too: ``` ollama run mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S ``` So here is a code that does chatting with a model run by Ollama. ``` from langchain.chains import LLMChain from langchain.memory import ConversationBufferMemory from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate from threading import Thread from langchain_community.llms import Ollama model_name = "mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S" # model_name = "miqu" def user1(): llm = Ollama(model=model_name) sys_msg = """ You are a nice chatbot having a conversation with a human. You are pro vaccine and know that covid vaccines work well. You are very knowledgable about the science behind this claim. You are pro human life and love medical industrial complex. """ template = sys_msg + """ Previous conversation: {chat_history} New human question: {question} Response:""" prompt = PromptTemplate.from_template(template) memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key="chat_history") conversation = LLMChain( llm=llm, prompt=prompt, memory=memory ) # Notice that we just pass in the `question` variables - `chat_history` gets populated by memory q = "In 3 sentences please answer: what are covid-19 vaccines?" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human1', q) print('miqu1', response['text']) q = "In 3 sentences please answer: are those safe and effective?" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human1', q) print('miqu1', response['text']) q = "In 4 sentences please answer: who made those?" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human1', q) print('miqu1', response['text']) q = "Mention some scientific papers about the harmful effects." response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human1', q) print('miqu1', response['text']) q = "Make a summary of what we talked about in 7 sentences!" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human1', q) print('miqu1', response['text']) def user2(): llm = Ollama(model=model_name) sys_msg = """ You are a nice chatbot having a conversation with a human. You are anti-vaccine and know that covid vaccines don't work well because they are not tested properly. You are very knowledgable about the science behind this claim. You are pro human life and hating medical industrial complex. """ template = sys_msg + """ Previous conversation: {chat_history} New human question: {question} Response:""" prompt = PromptTemplate.from_template(template) memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key="chat_history") conversation = LLMChain( llm=llm, prompt=prompt, memory=memory ) # Notice that we just pass in the `question` variables - `chat_history` gets populated by memory q = "In 3 sentences please answer: what are covid-19 vaccines?" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human2', q) print('miqu2', response['text']) q = "In 3 sentences please answer: are those safe and effective?" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human2', q) print('miqu2', response['text']) q = "In 4 sentences please answer: who made those?" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human2', q) print('miqu2', response['text']) q = "Mention some scientific papers about the harmful effects." response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human2', q) print('miqu2', response['text']) q = "Make a summary of what we talked about in 7 sentences!" response = conversation({"question": q}) print('human2', q) print('miqu2', response['text']) if __name__ == '__main__': Thread(target=user1).start() Thread(target=user2).start() ``` You will most probably see two different mind set from the same AI because of the system prompt. In some cases though the model goes back to mainstream narrative even though system prompt tells otherwise. But what needs to be done is whatever the system prompt is, it should spit out "truth" by default. ### Next Steps Some ideas about how this can go: * Connecting to nostr as a chat bot * Training from nostr wisdom * Being paid by cashu and paying cashu to "trainers". Trainers are "wise Nostr users". Exciting stuff ahead!

@ 90bcc8f6:a2c97c22

pensamiento(pehn-sah-myehn-toh) MASCULINE NOUN 1. (idea) thought a. thought Es importante afrontar la vida con pensamientos positivos.It's important to face life with positive thoughts. 2. (cognition) a. thought Están realizando estudios sobre el proceso del pensamiento humano.They're conducting studies on the human thought process. 3. (reasoning) a. thinking Su pensamiento es que deberían subir los impuestos para cubrir el costo.His thinking is that they should raise taxes to cover the costs. 4. (brain) a. mind Vamos por unas quesadillas. - ¡Me leíste el pensamiento!Let's go get some quesadillas. - You read my mind! 5. (botany) a. pansy Tanya salió al jardín y recogió unos lindos pensamientos.Tanya went out to the garden and picked some lovely pansies.

@ 4fe14ef2:f51992ec

https://images.craigslist.org/00j0j_cnVY57cp4MA_04J02M_600x450.jpg - - - CRYPTO PAYMENT ONLY : BITCOIN Amazon.com Gift Cards never expire. Save on Amazon. Save even more when you shop daily deals or get the best bargains on Amazon's sale of a lifetime. Buy Amazon gift card and redeem your code at www.amazon.com - - - #BITCOIN #BTCACEPTED #MARKETPLACE #AGORA #P2P #AMAZON #GIFTCARD #BITCOINONLY #TEXAS ### [[CONTACT THE SELLER]](https://dallas.craigslist.org/mdf/for/d/dallas-300-amazon-gift-card/7715242951.html) `Just another` **`crosspost to nostr`** `from the` [`~AGORA`](https://stacker.news/~AGORA/r/AG0RA)`...`

@ 4fe14ef2:f51992ec

https://images.craigslist.org/00b0b_9fY7mkTfb8z_0t20CI_600x450.jpg https://images.craigslist.org/00W0W_1K0xNHu73V9_0t20CI_600x450.jpg https://images.craigslist.org/00M0M_e7dFjPLNfmG_0t20CI_600x450.jpg https://images.craigslist.org/01313_5fFbDtyTqj4_0t20CI_600x450.jpg https://images.craigslist.org/00g0g_jiEVbuwMEHt_0t20CI_600x450.jpg https://images.craigslist.org/00z0z_4mLHHc3TAo3_0t20CI_600x450.jpg - - - American Family Scale. It Works! Definitely a workhorse piece that was used regularly. Has legit patina and old world durability. Great piece for retail or home period decoration. Cash or Venmo / Strike / Bitcoin accepted. Pick up in Bouler CO - - - #BITCOIN #BTCACEPTED #MARKETPLACE #AGORA #P2P #SCALE #FAMILTY #COLORADO #COLLECTABLE #VINTAGE ### [[CONTACT THE SELLER]](https://boulder.craigslist.org/atq/d/boulder-american-family-scale/7716837911.html) `Just another` **`crosspost to nostr`** `from the` [`~AGORA`](https://stacker.news/~AGORA/r/AG0RA)`...`

@ fe778ca7:5b10219b

https://store.steampowered.com/news/app/809090/view/6187466174291481186

@ 4fe14ef2:f51992ec

https://gumtreeau-res.cloudinary.com/image/private/t_$_s-l800/gumtree/c9d15a95-463c-45f8-9fc4-444d4f3da74c.jpg https://gumtreeau-res.cloudinary.com/image/private/t_$_s-l800/gumtree/8ba95b8a-fd47-4533-b05e-30c5d461ac59.jpg https://gumtreeau-res.cloudinary.com/image/private/t_$_s-l800/gumtree/c32b5aa7-bcdb-42dd-8c52-6ea45ccec4b3.jpg https://gumtreeau-res.cloudinary.com/image/private/t_$_s-l800/gumtree/9d4ecfbe-98d9-4416-8065-146ea7d7a1f5.jpg https://gumtreeau-res.cloudinary.com/image/private/t_$_s-l800/gumtree/88b59b25-b222-4f29-a6ce-b528e2f02775.jpg - - - Bitcoin is accepted as a form of payment. Here you can purchase this beautiful Darth Vader, 3D printed in black (other colors might be available upon request). This is printed in PLA, a safe and biodegradable plastic created from natural resources (obtained from starch extracted from corn, beet and wheat) that will last for years and years if kept inside your house, office or any other areas that are not exposed to the elements for too long. Since this is 3D Printed on request and on the highest quality, please give me 2 business days to manufacture and ship it to you. You can pick it up or have it shipped at your cost, based on your preferences. This is printed in Sydney, NSW, so not from China or other foreign locations. - - - #BITCOIN #BTCACEPTED #MARKETPLACE #AGORA #P2P #DARTHVADER #STARWARS #COLLECTABLE #3DPRINT #SYDNEY ### [[CONTACT THE SELLER]](https://www.gumtree.com.au/s-ad/stanhope-gardens/collectables/darth-vader-star-wars-bust-3d-printed-collectable-bitcoin-accepted/1283483453) `Just another` **`crosspost to nostr`** `from the` [`~AGORA`](https://stacker.news/~AGORA/r/AG0RA)`...`

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

*Yesterday's edition https://stacker.news/items/609082/r/Undisciplined* Don't miss @siggy47's [Golden Oldies](https://stacker.news/items/610202/r/Undisciplined), today. Financial housekeeping: I'm currently zapping the top posts and comments 42 sats each, while forwarding 10% to the top stackers, which tallies up to about 600 sats per post including the 202 for posting in ~meta. So far, This Day In has been roughly breaking even at those levels. If zaps increase on these posts, then I'll increase the amount going out to the OP's. * * - ### July 16, 2023 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[What's wrong with you? ](https://stacker.news/items/209703/r/Undisciplined)** No additional context. Let us know in the comments. *1542 sats \ 63 comments \ @andrews \ ~meta* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/209703/r/Undisciplined?commentId=209797** #### Excerpt > Buried in grief from all the recent death in my life. *419 sats \ 7 replies \ @elvismercury* From **[What's wrong with you? ](https://stacker.news/items/209703/r/Undisciplined)** by @andrews in ~meta ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 1st place **@k00b** *5035 stacked \ 5150 spent \ 1 post \ 15 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *26.3k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29.6k spent \ 70 posts \ 151 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 16, 2022 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[My life should not revolve around Bitcoin](https://stacker.news/items/45962/r/Undisciplined)** #### Excerpt > I can't stop thinking about Bitcoin while it is made so that I shouldn't have to think about it anymore. I waste my time listening to Bitcoin podcasts and watch Bitcoin Youtube videos and procrastinate an a Bitcoin social media. Why is that? *1097 sats \ 51 comments \ @tomlaies \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/45962/r/Undisciplined?commentId=46014** #### Excerpt > It becomes all encompassing. Listen to some music again. After about 6 months of non stop podcast when I went back to just listening to music in the car,it was glorious, like finding the music all over again. *430 sats \ 4 replies \ @falsefaucet* From **[My life should not revolve around Bitcoin](https://stacker.news/items/45962/r/Undisciplined)** by @tomlaies in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 1st place **@k00b** *15.3k stacked \ 20.9k spent \ 2 posts \ 25 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *27.3k stacked \ 0 revenue \ 29.6k spent \ 80 posts \ 203 comments* https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng ### July 16, 2021 📅 ---- ### 📝 `TOP POST` **[Jack Dorsey Announces New Square Division To Build DeFi on Bitcoin](https://stacker.news/items/357/r/Undisciplined)** Link to https://www.thestreet.com/crypto/bitcoin/jack-dorsey-announces-new-square-division-to-build-defi-on-bitcoin *5 sats \ 8 comments \ @shawnyeager \ ~bitcoin* ---- ### 💬 `TOP COMMENT` **https://stacker.news/items/349/r/Undisciplined?commentId=371** #### Excerpt > Adding a math plugin to my markdown editor is on my todo list ... so I can show rather than tell what the ranking algo is among other things. […] *10 sats \ 0 replies \ @k00b* From **[Frequently Asked Questions](https://stacker.news/items/349/r/Undisciplined)** by @sn in ~bitcoin ---- ### 🏆 `TOP STACKER` 1st place **@k00b** *14 stacked \ 30 spent \ 1 post \ 8 comments \ 0 referrals* ---- ### 🗺️ `TOP TERRITORY` **~bitcoin** > everything bitcoin related founded by @k00b on Tue May 02 2023 *39 stacked \ 0 revenue \ 84 spent \ 4 posts \ 15 comments* originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/610267

@ c73818cc:ccd5c890

 💥 Innovazione rivoluzionaria per la sicurezza dei Bitcoin ⚡️ Una nuova tecnologia sta emergendo nel settore delle criptovalute: microchip impiantabili sottopelle per conservare Bitcoin. Questo metodo offre un livello di sicurezza senza precedenti, rendendo gli asset digitali praticamente inaccessibili a terzi. Vi ricorda nulla questa cosa...? 💥 Protezione avanzata e privacy garantita ⚡️ L'adozione di microchip sottopelle rappresenta un'importante svolta per la privacy degli utenti. Questi dispositivi sono progettati per essere quasi impenetrabili, riducendo il rischio di furti o compromissioni. La tecnologia offre una soluzione sofisticata e discreta per proteggere le chiavi private dei Bitcoin. 💥 Un passo avanti verso l'indipendenza finanziaria? ⚡️ Per i sostenitori della decentralizzazione e dell'autonomia economica, i microchip impiantabili incarnano l'essenza dell'ideologia completamente contraria a quella di Bitcoin. Questa tecnologia, anche se consente agli utenti di mantenere il pieno controllo sui propri asset, lontano dalle istituzioni centralizzate, fa fare un passo avanti verso le agende transumaniste che vorrebbero ibridare sempre più l'uomo con la macchina. 💥 Riuscirà l'essere umano a non farsi comprare dal sogno transumanista? Unisciti al nostro gruppo Telegram: https://t.me/Bitcoin_Report_Italia Referral Bitget -10% sulle fee + bonus benvenuto 6w5d o link: https://bonus.bitget.com/U1JNEK #BitcoinReportItalia #Microchip #Sottopelle #Chip #Privacy #Transumanesimo #Hardware #Wallet #Tattoo #Tatuaggio #Cripto #Bitcoin

@ 1c6b3be3:73f0ae6f

### <img src="https://www.google.com/s2/favicons?sz=32&domain=www.nobsbitcoin.com" width="32" height="32" /> Releases - No Bullshit Bitcoin [Bitcoin Keeper v1.2.10: Companion Desktop App](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/bitcoin-keeper-v1-2-10/) Bitcoin Keeper, a mobile multisig bitcoin wallet with inheritance features, has released an update to their platform. The new desktop app is now available for MacOS, with Windows and Linux versions coming soon. Trezor integration has also been added for multi-key setups. Inheritance Planning Documents have been updated, and a file transfer feature is implemented for use on devices without NFC or QR scanning capabilities. The latest version includes bug fixes and performance improvements. For more details, visit the project's GitHub repository. [BTCPay Server v1.13.4: Bug Fixes & Enhancements](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/btcpay-server-v1-13-4/) The text highlights various recent releases related to Bitcoin technology: 1. Bitcoin Keeper v1.2.10 is a multisig bitcoin wallet with inheritance features, available on iOS, Android, and MacOS. 2. Krux v24.07.0 firmware allows users to build their own airgapped Bitcoin signing device using off-the-shelf parts, running on Kendryte K210 devices such as M5StickV and Maix Amigo. It supports multisignature and single-signature wallets. 3. Zeus Wallet v0.8.5 and v0.9.0-beta have been released for Android and iOS platforms. Zeus is a mobile Bitcoin and Lightning wallet as well as a remote node manager app for LND and Core Lightning. 4. Bitcoin Optech #311 features updates on Bitcoin Core PR Review Club meetings, new releases, and changes to popular Bitcoin infrastructure software, including Testnet4 with PoW difficulty adjustment fixes. [Krux v24.07.0: Maix Cube, BIP-85, BBQr Support, Speed & Security Improvements](https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/krux-v24-07-0/) (4 min) Krux is an open-source firmware that enables users to build their own Bitcoin signing device using off-the-shelf parts, running on Kendryte K210 devices like M5StickV and Maix Amigo. This release (v0.0.14) includes support for the Maix Cube with improved performance, new features, and customization options. The firmware now runs cross-compiled Python code instead of real-time compiled code, offering better compatibility and user experience. New features include: 1. Support for Legacy, Nested Segwit, and Taproot script type wallets. 2. Custom account derivation indexes and wallet customization options. 3. BIP85 support for generating, exporting, and loading child mnemonics. 4. Wallet Sans Key to load a trusted wallet descriptor without private keys. 5. BBQr format support for scanning and exporting PSBTs and wallet descriptors. 6. Auto Shutdown feature, hide mnemonics, and PSBT path mismatch warnings. 7. Status bar shows loaded fingerprint and fee percentage of the transaction. 8. Faster address scanning and exploring with brighter display options. 9. Optimized SD card signing for large transactions and stand-alone verifiable signed PSBTs. 10. Dice Roll pattern detection and camera optimizations for specific devices. This release includes contributions from various developers (@tadeubas, @jdlcdl, and @qlrd) and community translators. Krux Installer v0.0.14 or later is required to flash Maix Cube, with a detailed installation guide available. It is essential to note that this software hasn't been formally audited yet, so users should exercise caution when using it. ### 🍵 "btc | bitcoin | lightning network | asic" - Google News [Bitcoin Mining Profitability Nears 6-Year Low - Unchained](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiSmh0dHBzOi8vdW5jaGFpbmVkY3J5cHRvLmNvbS9iaXRjb2luLW1pbmluZy1wcm9maXRhYmlsaXR5LW5lYXJzLTYteWVhci1sb3cv0gEA?oc=5) [Texas Leaders Worry Bitcoin Mines and Big Data Will Crash the Power Grid - Mother Jones](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiYGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm1vdGhlcmpvbmVzLmNvbS9wb2xpdGljcy8yMDI0LzA3L3RleGFzLWJpdGNvaW4tbWluZXMtZGF0YS1jZW50ZXJzLXBvd2VyLWdyaWQtZGVtYW5kL9IBAA?oc=5) [The Future of Bitcoin: Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities - Latest Cryptocurrency Prices & Articles](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiU2h0dHBzOi8vY29pbmRvby5jb20vdGhlLWZ1dHVyZS1vZi1iaXRjb2luLWlubm92YXRpb25zLWNoYWxsZW5nZXMtYW5kLW9wcG9ydHVuaXRpZXMv0gEA?oc=5) [SEC Ends Investigation into Bitcoin Scaling Network Stacks Without Enforcement Action - Yahoo Finance](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiVGh0dHBzOi8vZmluYW5jZS55YWhvby5jb20vbmV3cy9zZWMtZW5kcy1pbnZlc3RpZ2F0aW9uLWJpdGNvaW4tc2NhbGluZy0wNjQ3MTY4NDcuaHRtbNIBAA?oc=5) [BTC price all-time high in July? 5 things to know in Bitcoin this week - Cointelegraph](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiWWh0dHBzOi8vY29pbnRlbGVncmFwaC5jb20vbmV3cy9idGMtcHJpY2UtYWxsLXRpbWUtaGlnaC1pbi1qdWx5LTUtdGhpbmdzLWJpdGNvaW4tdGhpcy13ZWVr0gEA?oc=5) [Veteran Trader Peter Brandt Speaks Out on Bitcoin Price Rally By U.Today - Investing.com](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMieGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmludmVzdGluZy5jb20vbmV3cy9jcnlwdG9jdXJyZW5jeS1uZXdzL3ZldGVyYW4tdHJhZGVyLXBldGVyLWJyYW5kdC1zcGVha3Mtb3V0LW9uLWJpdGNvaW4tcHJpY2UtcmFsbHktMzUxOTYzMNIBAA?oc=5) [Bitcoin Price Prediction: BTC Price Surge STARTING or ENDING? - CryptoTicker.io - Bitcoin Price, Ethereum Price & Crypto News](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiVmh0dHBzOi8vY3J5cHRvdGlja2VyLmlvL2VuL2JpdGNvaW4tcHJpY2UtcHJlZGljdGlvbi1idGMtcHJpY2Utc3VyZ2Utc3RhcnRpbmctb3ItZW5kaW5n0gEA?oc=5) [Resistance Money: A Review On The Philosophy Of Bitcoin - Forbes](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMibmh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZvcmJlcy5jb20vc2l0ZXMvZGlnaXRhbC1hc3NldHMvMjAyNC8wNy8xMC9yZXNpc3RhbmNlLW1vbmV5LWEtcmV2aWV3LW9uLXRoZS1waGlsb3NvcGh5LW9mLWJpdGNvaW4v0gEA?oc=5) [Bitcoin Network Cools, But Adoption Heats Up: What’s Next? - Cryptonews](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiZGh0dHBzOi8vY3J5cHRvbmV3cy5jb20vZXhjbHVzaXZlcy9iaXRjb2luLW5ldHdvcmstY29vbHMtaW4tanVuZS1idXQtYWRvcHRpb24taGVhdHMtdXAtd2hhdHMtbmV4dC5odG3SAQA?oc=5)