@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

How could the Dallas Mavericks possibly have gotten the first pick in this draft? League corruption? Mischievous basketball gods? Simulation theory? Dumb stupid luck? Whatever the reason, it's very interesting.

We'll probably be done with the 2nd round, by the time we record, which means round 2 recap and conference finals previews. It's definitely not the matchups anyone expected. What are the implications for our brackets?

The NFL released the season schedules and @grayruby's rightly excited for his 49ers upcoming season.

The parity situation worsens in the MLB, as the Dodgers' pitchers are ravaged by injury. Also, @grayruby and I are going head-to-head in fantasy baseball this week. Who will prevail?

On this week's Blok'd Shots, @grayruby will dance on the Leafs' grave and celebrate their well-deserved misfortune. Hell hath no fury like a scorned Leafs fan. Also, the NHL bracket is coming down to me and @Jer. Will knowing anything about hockey be enough to get Jer the victory?

And, as always, whatever the stackers want us to cover.

https://stacker.news/items/981596

@ d57360cb:4fe7d935

I soar all over the world, but one of the places I visit often is this little tiny square opening. I land softly on the platform and peer in through the hole. There’s a man inside; he seems to enjoy when I come by. His eyes light up and he gives me crumbs of bread to eat. The bread is tasty and fulfilling; it satisfies my hunger during my flights to other destinations. I wonder what it’s like to be man.

Man does strange things. I can’t fully understand. For example, this man is confined in a tiny box. He sits on what looks like a deformed tree, and in front of him is a tiny rectangular box. Everything man has is so boxy; it’s unnatural to me. When I fly from place to place, I don’t see any boxes; rather, I see a wiggly world. Endless shape, no two things look the same, but to man, it’s like he wants everything to be the same. Man usually is looking at other thin boxes; these are slim and have marks on them. He appears to stare for a long time at them, and then he sets them down and picks up another to stare at. In his box, he has long, narrow boxes. They hold small boxes bundled together with slim boxes. It gives me a headache seeing so many boxes. Once I observed man outside in the wiggly world, and when he left his big box, he went into another smaller box that moved! I was so interested I followed his moving box. You wouldn’t guess where he went to! Another box, but this one was a big one with subsections of smaller boxes. Could you believe they even have big boxes for water! What a headache man is.

The game man plays is interesting; it seems to be about boxes and how to put wiggly things in them. The wiggly is too elusive; one can’t box it up. Even if you surround the wiggly in a box, it will continue to wiggle. Like a tree confined to a planter box, its roots will spread beyond their confinement. Man is like this but believes the box will contain him, shameful.

@ f85b9c2c:d190bcff

I used to think I thrived on chaos. Podcasts blaring, TV on in the background, notifications pinging—it was my norm. But last year, I hit a wall. I was irritable, foggy, and couldn’t focus. I didn’t realize how much the constant noise was frying my brain until I tried something radical: silence.

The Experiment One weekend, I turned everything off. No music, no screens, no chatter. At first, it was weird—almost suffocating. My mind raced, looking for something to latch onto. But after a few hours, I settled in. I sat with a cup of tea, just listening to the hum of the fridge. It was the first time in months I’d actually heard my own thoughts

What Silence Gave Me That quiet weekend was a reset. I started noticing things I’d ignored—like how tense I’d been or how I’d been avoiding tough decisions. Silence didn’t just calm me; it forced me to face myself. I kept it up, carving out 30 minutes a day with no sound. It’s become my sanity-saver. When life gets loud, those quiet moments keep me grounded. Turns out, my brain needed the break. All that noise was overloading me, leaving no room to process anything. Silence let me recharge and think clearly again. It’s not about being a hermit—it’s about giving myself space to breathe.

@ 21335073:a244b1ad

Someone asked for my thoughts, so I’ll share them thoughtfully. I’m not here to dictate how to promote Nostr—I’m still learning about it myself. While I’m not new to Nostr, freedom tech is a newer space for me. I’m skilled at advocating for topics I deeply understand, but freedom tech isn’t my expertise, so take my words with a grain of salt. Nothing I say is set in stone.

Those who need Nostr the most are the ones most vulnerable to censorship on other platforms right now. Reaching them requires real-time awareness of global issues and the dynamic relationships between governments and tech providers, which can shift suddenly. Effective Nostr promoters must grasp this and adapt quickly.

The best messengers are people from or closely tied to these at-risk regions—those who truly understand the local political and cultural dynamics. They can connect with those in need when tensions rise. Ideal promoters are rational, trustworthy, passionate about Nostr, but above all, dedicated to amplifying people’s voices when it matters most.

Forget influencers, corporate-backed figures, or traditional online PR—it comes off as inauthentic, corny, desperate and forced. Nostr’s promotion should be grassroots and organic, driven by a few passionate individuals who believe in Nostr and the communities they serve.

The idea that “people won’t join Nostr due to lack of reach” is nonsense. Everyone knows X’s “reach” is mostly with bots. If humans want real conversations, Nostr is the place. X is great for propaganda, but Nostr is for the authentic voices of the people.

Those spreading Nostr must be so passionate they’re willing to onboard others, which is time-consuming but rewarding for the right person. They’ll need to make Nostr and onboarding a core part of who they are. I see no issue with that level of dedication. I’ve been known to get that way myself at times. It’s fun for some folks.

With love, I suggest not adding Bitcoin promotion with Nostr outreach. Zaps already integrate that element naturally. (Still promote within the Bitcoin ecosystem, but this is about reaching vulnerable voices who needed Nostr yesterday.)

To promote Nostr, forget conventional strategies. “Influencers” aren’t the answer. “Influencers” are not the future. A trusted local community member has real influence—reach them. Connect with people seeking Nostr’s benefits but lacking the technical language to express it. This means some in the Nostr community might need to step outside of the Bitcoin bubble, which is uncomfortable but necessary. Thank you in advance to those who are willing to do that.

I don’t know who is paid to promote Nostr, if anyone. This piece isn’t shade. But it’s exhausting to see innocent voices globally silenced on corporate platforms like X while Nostr exists. Last night, I wondered: how many more voices must be censored before the Nostr community gets uncomfortable and thinks creatively to reach the vulnerable?

A warning: the global need for censorship-resistant social media is undeniable. If Nostr doesn’t make itself known, something else will fill that void. Let’s start this conversation.

@ 21335073:a244b1ad

Please respect Virginia Giuffre’s memory by refraining from asking about the circumstances or theories surrounding her passing.

Since Virginia Giuffre’s death, I’ve reflected on what she would want me to say or do. This piece is my attempt to honor her legacy.

When I first spoke with Virginia, I was struck by her unshakable hope. I had grown cynical after years in the anti-human trafficking movement, worn down by a broken system and a government that often seemed complicit. But Virginia’s passion, creativity, and belief that survivors could be heard reignited something in me. She reminded me of my younger, more hopeful self. Instead of warning her about the challenges ahead, I let her dream big, unburdened by my own disillusionment. That conversation changed me for the better, and following her lead led to meaningful progress.

Virginia was one of the bravest people I’ve ever known. As a survivor of Epstein, Maxwell, and their co-conspirators, she risked everything to speak out, taking on some of the world’s most powerful figures.

She loved when I said, “Epstein isn’t the only Epstein.” This wasn’t just about one man—it was a call to hold all abusers accountable and to ensure survivors find hope and healing.

The Epstein case often gets reduced to sensational details about the elite, but that misses the bigger picture. Yes, we should be holding all of the co-conspirators accountable, we must listen to the survivors’ stories. Their experiences reveal how predators exploit vulnerabilities, offering lessons to prevent future victims.

You’re not powerless in this fight. Educate yourself about trafficking and abuse—online and offline—and take steps to protect those around you. Supporting survivors starts with small, meaningful actions. Free online resources can guide you in being a safe, supportive presence.

When high-profile accusations arise, resist snap judgments. Instead of dismissing survivors as “crazy,” pause to consider the trauma they may be navigating. Speaking out or coping with abuse is never easy. You don’t have to believe every claim, but you can refrain from attacking accusers online.

Society also fails at providing aftercare for survivors. The government, often part of the problem, won’t solve this. It’s up to us. Prevention is critical, but when abuse occurs, step up for your loved ones and community. Protect the vulnerable. it’s a challenging but a rewarding journey.

If you’re contributing to Nostr, you’re helping build a censorship resistant platform where survivors can share their stories freely, no matter how powerful their abusers are. Their voices can endure here, offering strength and hope to others. This gives me great hope for the future.

Virginia Giuffre’s courage was a gift to the world. It was an honor to know and serve her. She will be deeply missed. My hope is that her story inspires others to take on the powerful.

@ 52b4a076:e7fad8bd

I have been recently building NFDB, a new relay DB. This post is meant as a short overview.

Regular relays have challenges

Current relay software have significant challenges, which I have experienced when hosting Nostr.land: - Scalability is only supported by adding full replicas, which does not scale to large relays. - Most relays use slow databases and are not optimized for large scale usage. - Search is near-impossible to implement on standard relays. - Privacy features such as NIP-42 are lacking. - Regular DB maintenance tasks on normal relays require extended downtime. - Fault-tolerance is implemented, if any, using a load balancer, which is limited. - Personalization and advanced filtering is not possible. - Local caching is not supported.

NFDB: A scalable database for large relays

NFDB is a new database meant for medium-large scale relays, built on FoundationDB that provides: - Near-unlimited scalability - Extended fault tolerance - Instant loading - Better search - Better personalization - and more.

Search

NFDB has extended search capabilities including: - Semantic search: Search for meaning, not words. - Interest-based search: Highlight content you care about. - Multi-faceted queries: Easily filter by topic, author group, keywords, and more at the same time. - Wide support for event kinds, including users, articles, etc.

Personalization

NFDB allows significant personalization: - Customized algorithms: Be your own algorithm. - Spam filtering: Filter content to your WoT, and use advanced spam filters. - Topic mutes: Mute topics, not keywords. - Media filtering: With Nostr.build, you will be able to filter NSFW and other content - Low data mode: Block notes that use high amounts of cellular data. - and more

Other

NFDB has support for many other features such as: - NIP-42: Protect your privacy with private drafts and DMs - Microrelays: Easily deploy your own personal microrelay - Containers: Dedicated, fast storage for discoverability events such as relay lists

Calcite: A local microrelay database

Calcite is a lightweight, local version of NFDB that is meant for microrelays and caching, meant for thousands of personal microrelays.

Calcite HA is an additional layer that allows live migration and relay failover in under 30 seconds, providing higher availability compared to current relays with greater simplicity. Calcite HA is enabled in all Calcite deployments.

For zero-downtime, NFDB is recommended.

Noswhere SmartCache

Relays are fixed in one location, but users can be anywhere.

Noswhere SmartCache is a CDN for relays that dynamically caches data on edge servers closest to you, allowing: - Multiple regions around the world - Improved throughput and performance - Faster loading times

routerd

routerd is a custom load-balancer optimized for Nostr relays, integrated with SmartCache.

routerd is specifically integrated with NFDB and Calcite HA to provide fast failover and high performance.

Ending notes

NFDB is planned to be deployed to Nostr.land in the coming weeks.

A lot more is to come. 👀️️️️️️

@ f85b9c2c:d190bcff

In the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrencies, the potential interplay between artificial intelligence and digital assets has captured significant attention. Cointelegraph recently reported on the concept of AI, particularly in the form of ChatGPT, contributing to the potential rise of Bitcoin, potentially reaching a value of $100K in 2024. This development offers a glimpse into the role of AI in shaping the direction of cryptocurrencies, particularly Bitcoin.

AI’s Role in Shaping Bitcoin’s Future: ChatGPT, an advanced language model powered by artificial intelligence, has been seen as a potential assistant in driving Bitcoin’s value upwards. The underlying premise is rooted in AI’s capacity to influence market analysis, comprehend and design trading strategies, and anticipate potential trends in the cryptocurrency sector. By leveraging vast amounts of data and analyzing complex patterns, ChatGPT could provide insights that impact investment decisions and market.

AI-Powered Market Analysis and Prediction One of the key ways AI, represented by ChatGPT, can aid Bitcoin’s value appreciation is through advanced market analysis and prediction. By assimilating and processing large datasets encompassing historical price movements, trading volumes, market sentiment, and external factors, AI can potentially forecast potential price changes with a higher degree of accuracy. This analytical capability could equip investors with valuable insights regarding optimal entry and exit points, thus potentially contributing to Bitcoin’s upward trajectory. Furthermore, AI’s predictive abilities extend to discerning macroeconomic and geopolitical developments that could impact Bitcoin’s value, enabling proactive decision-making in response to dynamic market conditions. This foresight could instill confidence among investors and potentially drive greater adoption and investment in Bitcoin, which contributed to its ascent $100K mark.

Influencing Trading Strategies AI-driven trading strategies have gained prominence in financial markets, and their potential impact on Bitcoin’s valuation is noteworthy. ChatGPT’s capacity to generate and optimize trading algorithms that respond to market conditions in real-time could potentially enhance trading efficiency and liquidity in Bitcoin markets. By identifying opportunities for arbitrage, risk management, and executing complex trading strategies, AI could facilitate a more stable and robust Bitcoin market, potentially attracting institutional investors and bolstering its overall value.

Market Volatility Volatility has been a defining characteristic of the cryptocurrency markets, including Bitcoin. AI, through ChatGPT, could aid in mitigating this volatility by providing real-time insights, sentiment analysis, and risk assessments to market participants. By enhancing transparency and reducing uncertainty, AI-driven tools may contribute to a more stable and predictable environment for Bitcoin trading, potentially attracting a broader investor base and positively influencing its long-term value, including the speculated $100K threshold. Conclusion The potential for AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, to influence Bitcoin’s trajectory towards a $100K valuation in 2024 underscores the evolving synergy between technology and finance. As AI continues to permeate various domains, its impact on cryptocurrency markets is poised to be substantial. It is imperative to monitor the evolution of AI’s role in shaping the future of Bitcoin and other digital assets, as it has the potential to redefine investment strategies, market dynamics, and the broader financial landscape in the years to come.

@ e39333da:7c66e53a

::youtube{#Pex7jW3Tqwo}

Developer SHIFT UP has announced that their latest titled, Stellar Blade, that was released on PS5 on the 2024, will release on PC via Steam and EGS on the 11th of June 2025.

The game will be priced at $60, and $80 for the edition of the game that includes the 'Twin Expansion Pack', which includes the NieR: Automata DLC and the Goddess of Victory: Nikke DLC, and a key to redeem a Stellar Blade costume in the developer's previous Free-to-Play title Goddess of Victory: Nikke.

The trailer released to announce said release date also showcases the changes the made for the game and highlight PC specific enhancements, support, and options.

It's worth noting, in terms of negative news that tagged along with this, that the game will have Denuvo running, which there are evidence that decreases a game's performance, and may prevent you from playing the game offline. The game will also have an optional PSN account login, and because of this, the game is not available for purchase in around 130 countries. There's also an exclusive outfit locked behind a PSN-to-Steam account linking.

Here's the system requirements:

| | Minimum | Recommended | High | Very High | | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | | Average Performance | 1080P at 60 frames per second | 1440P at 60 frames per second | 1440P at 60 frames per second | 4K at 60 frames per second | | Graphic Presets | Low | Medium | High | Very High | | CPU | Intel Core i5-7600K AMD Ryzen 5 1600X | Intel Core i5-8400 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X | Intel Core i5-8400 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X | Intel Core i5-8400 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X | | GPU | NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 6GB AMD Radeon RX 580 8GB | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER AMD Radeon RX 5700 XT | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070 SUPER AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | | RAM | 16GB | 16GB | 16GB | 16GB | | Storage | 75GB HDD (SSD Recommended) | 75GB SSD | 75GB SSD | 75GB SSD | | OS | Windows 10 64-bit | Windows 10 64-bit | Windows 10 64-bit | Windows 10 64-bit |

@ 4fa5d1c4:fd6c6e41

Willkommen zur Mitmachplattform: KI-Kompetenzen für die religionsbezogene Bildung

Diese Plattform ist ein offenes, gemeinschaftliches Lernmodul für alle, die KI-Kompetenzen im Kontext der religionsbezogenen Bildung entdecken, vertiefen und weitergeben möchten.
Hier können Religionslehrende, Hochschulangehörige und ehrenamtlich Engagierte gemeinsam Inhalte entwickeln, teilen und weiterentwickeln.

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Was ist das Ziel?

Wir schaffen eine offene Lernumgebung, in der Materialien zu KI-Kompetenzen für Schule, Hochschule und außerschulische Jugendarbeit kollaborativ entstehen.
Die Plattform richtet sich an Lehrkräfte, Fortbildner:innen und Ehrenamtliche, die KI-Themen in der religiösen Bildung verantwortungsvoll erschließbar machen wollen.

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Unser Kompetenzmodell

Im Zentrum steht ein Kreismodell mit vier Kompetenzbereichen, die auf drei Niveaustufen ausdifferenziert sind:
Verstehen, Anwenden, Reflektieren und Gestalten.
Diese Bereiche bauen aufeinander auf, beeinflussen sich gegenseitig und werden durch die zentrale Kompetenz AI Leadership verbunden.

Im Zentrum steht ein Kreismodell mit vier Kompetenzbereichen, die auf drei Niveaustufen ausdifferenziert werden können:
Verstehen, Anwenden, Reflektieren und Gestalten.
Diese Bereiche bauen aufeinander auf, beeinflussen sich gegenseitig und werden durch die zentrale Kompetenz AI Leadership verbunden.

| Kompetenzbereich | Beschreibung | |------------------|--------------| | 🟢 VERSTEHEN | Grundlagen und Mechanismen von KI | | 🔵 ANWENDEN | KI-Tools im Lernprozess nutzen | | 🟠 REFLEKTIEREN | Kritische Auseinandersetzung mit KI | | 🟣 GESTALTEN | Aktive Weiterentwicklung von KI-Systemen |

Jeder Lerninhalt ist einem Kompetenzbereich (und wenn möglich einer Niveaustufe) zugeordnet – farblich und inhaltlich klar erkennbar.

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So funktioniert die Mitmachplattform

• Offene Inhalte: Alle Materialien werden als Markdown-Dateien über Nostr gepflegt.
• Mitmachen leicht gemacht: Egal wo auf Nostr du publizierst, mit den Hashtags #relilab und dem jeweiligen Kompetenzbereich als Schlagwort (also #verstehen, #anwenden, #gestalten, #reflektieren) finden wir diese Hashtagkombination und können die Webseite mit deiner Idee oder Weiterentwicklung ergänzen.
• Anleitungen: Eine eigene Seite erklärt Schritt für Schritt, wie du dich beteiligen kannst – ganz ohne Vorkenntnisse im Programmieren.
• Suchfunktion: Finde gezielt Inhalte nach Kompetenzbereich, Niveaustufe oder Schlagworten.

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Für wen ist diese Plattform?

• Lehrkräfte an Schulen und Hochschulen in religionsbezogenen Fächern
• Ehrenamtliche und Multiplikator:innen in der kirchlichen Jugendarbeit
• Fort- und Weiterbildner:innen im Bereich KI und Religion

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Mitmachen & Teilen

"Sharing is Caring":
Unser KI-Kompetenzmodell und alle Lernmaterialien stehen unter der offenen Lizenz [CC-BY 4.0].
Du darfst sie frei nutzen, anpassen und weitergeben – mit Nennung der Urheber:innen.

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Starte jetzt!

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Gemeinsam gestalten wir KI-Kompetenzen für eine reflektierte, verantwortungsvolle und kreative religiöse Bildung im KI-Zeitalter.

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Kontakt & Feedback:
Für Fragen, Anregungen oder Feedback antworte einfach auf diese Nachricht oder komm' in den Matrix/Element-Raum #relilab-ki:rpi-virtuell zum Online-Austausch!

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

O Contexto Legal Brasileiro e o Consentimento

No ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o consentimento do ofendido pode, em certas circunstâncias, afastar a ilicitude de um ato que, sem ele, configuraria crime (como lesão corporal leve, prevista no Art. 129 do Código Penal). Contudo, o consentimento tem limites claros: não é válido para bens jurídicos indisponíveis, como a vida, e sua eficácia é questionável em casos de lesões corporais graves ou gravíssimas.

A prática de BDSM consensual situa-se em uma zona complexa. Em tese, se ambos os parceiros são adultos, capazes, e consentiram livre e informadamente nos atos praticados, sem que resultem em lesões graves permanentes ou risco de morte não consentido, não haveria crime. O desafio reside na comprovação desse consentimento, especialmente se uma das partes, posteriormente, o negar ou alegar coação.

A Lei Maria da Penha (Lei nº 11.340/2006)

A Lei Maria da Penha é um marco fundamental na proteção da mulher contra a violência doméstica e familiar. Ela estabelece mecanismos para coibir e prevenir tal violência, definindo suas formas (física, psicológica, sexual, patrimonial e moral) e prevendo medidas protetivas de urgência.

Embora essencial, a aplicação da lei em contextos de BDSM pode ser delicada. Uma alegação de violência por parte da mulher, mesmo que as lesões ou situações decorram de práticas consensuais, tende a receber atenção prioritária das autoridades, dada a presunção de vulnerabilidade estabelecida pela lei. Isso pode criar um cenário onde o parceiro masculino enfrenta dificuldades significativas em demonstrar a natureza consensual dos atos, especialmente se não houver provas robustas pré-constituídas.

Outros riscos:

Lesão corporal grave ou gravíssima (art. 129, §§ 1º e 2º, CP), não pode ser justificada pelo consentimento, podendo ensejar persecução penal.

Crimes contra a dignidade sexual (arts. 213 e seguintes do CP) são de ação pública incondicionada e independem de representação da vítima para a investigação e denúncia.

Riscos de Falsas Acusações e Alegação de Coação Futura

Os riscos para os praticantes de BDSM, especialmente para o parceiro que assume o papel dominante ou que inflige dor/restrição (frequentemente, mas não exclusivamente, o homem), podem surgir de diversas frentes:

1. Acusações Externas: Vizinhos, familiares ou amigos que desconhecem a natureza consensual do relacionamento podem interpretar sons, marcas ou comportamentos como sinais de abuso e denunciar às autoridades.
2. Alegações Futuras da Parceira: Em caso de término conturbado, vingança, arrependimento ou mudança de perspectiva, a parceira pode reinterpretar as práticas passadas como abuso e buscar reparação ou retaliação através de uma denúncia. A alegação pode ser de que o consentimento nunca existiu ou foi viciado.
3. Alegação de Coação: Uma das formas mais complexas de refutar é a alegação de que o consentimento foi obtido mediante coação (física, moral, psicológica ou econômica). A parceira pode alegar, por exemplo, que se sentia pressionada, intimidada ou dependente, e que seu "sim" não era genuíno. Provar a ausência de coação a posteriori é extremamente difícil.
4. Ingenuidade e Vulnerabilidade Masculina: Muitos homens, confiando na dinâmica consensual e na parceira, podem negligenciar a necessidade de precauções. A crença de que "isso nunca aconteceria comigo" ou a falta de conhecimento sobre as implicações legais e o peso processual de uma acusação no âmbito da Lei Maria da Penha podem deixá-los vulneráveis. A presença de marcas físicas, mesmo que consentidas, pode ser usada como evidência de agressão, invertendo o ônus da prova na prática, ainda que não na teoria jurídica.

Estratégias de Prevenção e Mitigação

Não existe um método infalível para evitar completamente o risco de uma falsa acusação, mas diversas medidas podem ser adotadas para construir um histórico de consentimento e reduzir vulnerabilidades:

1. Comunicação Explícita e Contínua: A base de qualquer prática BDSM segura é a comunicação constante. Negociar limites, desejos, palavras de segurança ("safewords") e expectativas antes, durante e depois das cenas é crucial. Manter registros dessas negociações (e-mails, mensagens, diários compartilhados) pode ser útil.

2. Documentação do Consentimento:

   • Contratos de Relacionamento/Cena: Embora a validade jurídica de "contratos BDSM" seja discutível no Brasil (não podem afastar normas de ordem pública), eles servem como forte evidência da intenção das partes, da negociação detalhada de limites e do consentimento informado. Devem ser claros, datados, assinados e, idealmente, reconhecidos em cartório (para prova de data e autenticidade das assinaturas).

   • Registros Audiovisuais: Gravar (com consentimento explícito para a gravação) discussões sobre consentimento e limites antes das cenas pode ser uma prova poderosa. Gravar as próprias cenas é mais complexo devido a questões de privacidade e potencial uso indevido, mas pode ser considerado em casos específicos, sempre com consentimento mútuo documentado para a gravação.

     Importante: a gravação deve ser com ciência da outra parte, para não configurar violação da intimidade (art. 5º, X, da Constituição Federal e art. 20 do Código Civil).

3. Testemunhas: Em alguns contextos de comunidade BDSM, a presença de terceiros de confiança durante negociações ou mesmo cenas pode servir como testemunho, embora isso possa alterar a dinâmica íntima do casal.

4. Estabelecimento Claro de Limites e Palavras de Segurança: Definir e respeitar rigorosamente os limites (o que é permitido, o que é proibido) e as palavras de segurança é fundamental. O desrespeito a uma palavra de segurança encerra o consentimento para aquele ato.
5. Avaliação Contínua do Consentimento: O consentimento não é um cheque em branco; ele deve ser entusiástico, contínuo e revogável a qualquer momento. Verificar o bem-estar do parceiro durante a cena ("check-ins") é essencial.
6. Discrição e Cuidado com Evidências Físicas: Ser discreto sobre a natureza do relacionamento pode evitar mal-entendidos externos. Após cenas que deixem marcas, é prudente que ambos os parceiros estejam cientes e de acordo, talvez documentando por fotos (com data) e uma nota sobre a consensualidade da prática que as gerou.
7. Aconselhamento Jurídico Preventivo: Consultar um advogado especializado em direito de família e criminal, com sensibilidade para dinâmicas de relacionamento alternativas, pode fornecer orientação personalizada sobre as melhores formas de documentar o consentimento e entender os riscos legais específicos.

Observações Importantes

• Nenhuma documentação substitui a necessidade de consentimento real, livre, informado e contínuo.
• A lei brasileira protege a "integridade física" e a "dignidade humana". Práticas que resultem em lesões graves ou que violem a dignidade de forma não consentida (ou com consentimento viciado) serão ilegais, independentemente de qualquer acordo prévio.
• Em caso de acusação, a existência de documentação robusta de consentimento não garante a absolvição, mas fortalece significativamente a defesa, ajudando a demonstrar a natureza consensual da relação e das práticas.

• A alegação de coação futura é particularmente difícil de prevenir apenas com documentos. Um histórico consistente de comunicação aberta (whatsapp/telegram/e-mails), respeito mútuo e ausência de dependência ou controle excessivo na relação pode ajudar a contextualizar a dinâmica como não coercitiva.

• Cuidado com Marcas Visíveis e Lesões Graves Práticas que resultam em hematomas severos ou lesões podem ser interpretadas como agressão, mesmo que consentidas. Evitar excessos protege não apenas a integridade física, mas também evita questionamentos legais futuros.

O que vem a ser consentimento viciado

No Direito, consentimento viciado é quando a pessoa concorda com algo, mas a vontade dela não é livre ou plena — ou seja, o consentimento existe formalmente, mas é defeituoso por alguma razão.

O Código Civil brasileiro (art. 138 a 165) define várias formas de vício de consentimento. As principais são:

Erro: A pessoa se engana sobre o que está consentindo. (Ex.: A pessoa acredita que vai participar de um jogo leve, mas na verdade é exposta a práticas pesadas.)

Dolo: A pessoa é enganada propositalmente para aceitar algo. (Ex.: Alguém mente sobre o que vai acontecer durante a prática.)

Coação: A pessoa é forçada ou ameaçada a consentir. (Ex.: "Se você não aceitar, eu termino com você" — pressão emocional forte pode ser vista como coação.)

Estado de perigo ou lesão: A pessoa aceita algo em situação de necessidade extrema ou abuso de sua vulnerabilidade. (Ex.: Alguém em situação emocional muito fragilizada é induzida a aceitar práticas que normalmente recusaria.)

No contexto de BDSM, isso é ainda mais delicado: Mesmo que a pessoa tenha "assinado" um contrato ou dito "sim", se depois ela alegar que seu consentimento foi dado sob medo, engano ou pressão psicológica, o consentimento pode ser considerado viciado — e, portanto, juridicamente inválido.

Isso tem duas implicações sérias:

1. O crime não se descaracteriza: Se houver vício, o consentimento é ignorado e a prática pode ser tratada como crime normal (lesão corporal, estupro, tortura, etc.).

2. A prova do consentimento precisa ser sólida: Mostrando que a pessoa estava informada, lúcida, livre e sem qualquer tipo de coação.

   Consentimento viciado é quando a pessoa concorda formalmente, mas de maneira enganada, forçada ou pressionada, tornando o consentimento inútil para efeitos jurídicos.

Conclusão

Casais que praticam BDSM consensual no Brasil navegam em um terreno que exige não apenas confiança mútua e comunicação excepcional, mas também uma consciência aguçada das complexidades legais e dos riscos de interpretações equivocadas ou acusações mal-intencionadas. Embora o BDSM seja uma expressão legítima da sexualidade humana, sua prática no Brasil exige responsabilidade redobrada. Ter provas claras de consentimento, manter a comunicação aberta e agir com prudência são formas eficazes de se proteger de falsas alegações e preservar a liberdade e a segurança de todos os envolvidos. Embora leis controversas como a Maria da Penha sejam "vitais" para a proteção contra a violência real, os praticantes de BDSM, e em particular os homens nesse contexto, devem adotar uma postura proativa e prudente para mitigar os riscos inerentes à potencial má interpretação ou instrumentalização dessas práticas e leis, garantindo que a expressão de sua consensualidade esteja resguardada na medida do possível.

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Importante: No Brasil, mesmo com tudo isso, o Ministério Público pode denunciar por crime como lesão corporal grave, estupro ou tortura, independente de consentimento. Então a prudência nas práticas é fundamental.

Aviso Legal: Este artigo tem caráter meramente informativo e não constitui aconselhamento jurídico. As leis e interpretações podem mudar, e cada situação é única. Recomenda-se buscar orientação de um advogado qualificado para discutir casos específicos.

Se curtiu este artigo faça uma contribuição, se tiver algum ponto relevante para o artigo deixe seu comentário.

@ 99e7936f:d5d2197c

Baustelle HERZ

Können wir nicht einfach glücklich sein? Nein.

Eine traumatisierte Gesellschaft kann nicht EINFACH glücklich sein, weil die Herzen verletzt sind.

„Ja, aber es gibt doch auch noch andere Probleme als Trauma“, kritisieren einige.

„Ich habe schließlich eine Familie und einen anstrengenden Job“, erklären andere.

„Für mich ist das eine abstrakte Diskussion, ein Luxusproblem“, geben manche zu bedenken.

„Eigentlich möchte ich mich mit dem Thema gar nicht beschäftigen“, sagen wenige, denken aber viele.

„Ich beschäftige mich lieber mit positiven Dingen“, ist die diplomatische Variante der Vermeidung dieses Themas.

Niemand redet gerne über Trauma, bis es an die eigene Tür klopft. Und dann ist guter Rat teuer. Dann würde man gerne reden, aber die anderen wollen immer noch nicht.

Niemand redet gerne über Trauma.

„Was heißt denn Anklopfen?“ Mit Anklopfen meine ich die Situationen, die jeder kennt. Gemeint sind ganz normale Lebenskrisen, die es mehrmals in jedem Leben gibt.

„Ist denn eine Lebenskrise gleichzusetzten mit einem Trauma?“ Nein, aber durch eine starke Lebenskrise kann ein altes Trauma wieder hochgespült werden, und das fühlt sich dann original so an, wie das Trauma, das man z.B. als Kind oder später im Leben erlebt hat.

Und das passiert in einer traumatisierten Gesellschaft ständig, nur nennen die Leute es nicht so. Niemand sagt: „Er oder sie hat ein aktiviertes Trauma.“

Hierzu habe ich eine Anekdote. Vor ein paar Monaten zog in das Nachbarhaus bei mir auf der Straße ein junger Mann ein. Das Haus war frisch renoviert worden. Es zogen zeitgleich mehrere junge Leute jeweils in eine Wohnung dieses Hauses ein. Die Stimmung im Haus war gut, weil alles neu und geschmackvoll gestaltet worden war und die Mieter gut zusammen passten. Dann merkten die Mieter und Nachbarn, dass es einem jungen Mann nicht gut ging. Er saß den ganzen Tag in der Wohnung, konnte sich zu nichts aufraffen. Er schaffte es nicht, sich Lebensmittel einzukaufen. Ein Freund kam regelmäßig vorbei und brachte ihm Essen. Eine ältere Nachbarin fragte nach einigen Monaten diesen Freund, was dem jungen Mann denn fehle, ob er eine Krankheit habe oder was denn los sei. Der Freund lachte und sagte nur einen Satz: „Er stirbt.“

Die Nachbarin erzählte mir das und schaute mich fragend an. Ich übersetzte ihr den Satz und meinte: „Er hat vermutlich Liebeskummer.“ Aber was ich wirklich dachte, war, dass er ein aktiviertes Trauma hatte, nur sagte ich das nicht zur Nachbarin. Nach mittlerweile zwei Jahren kommt der Freund immer noch regelmäßig und bringt dem jungen Mann Essen. Er kauft für ihn ein und kümmert sich um ihn.

Manche Menschen leiden sehr lange unter Verlusten, Zurückweisungen, Niederlagen, Verletzungen. Andere kommen nie auf die nächste Stufe, obwohl sie sich unaufhörlich anstrengen. Wieder andere haben alles und sind dennoch unzufrieden und in permanenter Angriffshaltung. All diese Phänomene dauern oft lange, manchmal sogar ein Leben lang. Meines Erachtens sind das aktivierte Traumen bzw. Traumen, die gut verschlossen dennoch im Unterbewusstsein gegen die eigene Person arbeiten.

Trauma hat viele Gesichter.

Es kommt bei den unmöglichsten Gelegenheiten zum Vorschein. Und oft erkennen wir es nicht als das, was es ist. Wir suchen den Grund im Außen, den es ja meist auch gibt. Nur ist der Grund nicht der Grund, sondern nur der Auslöser.

Auch ich bin einmal „gestorben“. Dieser Zustand dauerte über drei Jahre an. Deshalb klingelte es bei mir auch sofort im Ohr als die Nachbarin sagte, der Freund habe gesagt: „Er stirbt.“

Sprache ist wunderbar.

Wer beides schon mal erlebt hat, eine normale Trennung und eine schwere Trennung, einen normalen Arbeitsplatzwechsel oder einen dramatischen Jobverlust, ein geplatztes Geschäft oder einen geplatzten Lebenstraum, das Ende einer Freundschaft oder eine Kränkung, über die man noch nach 35 Jahren so berichtet, als ob es gestern gewesen wäre, der kennt den Unterschied in der Intensität der Gefühle. Manche Menschen erzählen immer wieder eine Geschichte, obwohl man sie schon kennt und auch sein Mitgefühl dazu ausgedrückt hat. Manche Menschen reden gar nicht mehr über eine bestimmte Sache, bis einem irgendwann von Dritten gesagt wird, dass man ihn oder sie besser nicht auf das Thema XYZ ansprechen sollte.

All das sind aktivierte Traumen, die noch weh tun, noch nicht verarbeitet sind. Es sind Dinge, die jedem von uns passieren können. Jeder erlebt im Leben partnerschaftliche Trennungen, geplatzte Geschäfte und Kränkungen am laufenden Meter, aber es „trifft“ einen nicht immer gleich. Und es trifft nicht nur die Sensiblen, sondern es trifft jeden, wenn der Punkt, an dem es trifft, wund ist. Der wunde Punkt macht jeden sensibel. Auch robuste Naturen haben einen wunden Punkt. Und wenn der getroffen wird, dann werden auch die härtesten Menschen butterweich. In einer traumatisierten Gesellschaft wird jeder so oft  „getroffen“, wie es braucht, bis er sich dem Thema widmet. Wir alle haben diese frühen oder späten Traumen erlebt, die früher oder später erneut durch Krisen aktiviert werden. Und dann „sterben“ wir, zumindest gefühlt.

Denn Trauma ist immer existenziell.

Und aktiviertes Trauma ist bitte nicht zu verwechseln mit Depression. Es ist ein aktiviertes Trauma, das sich im Unterschied zur Depression sehr wach, lebendig und vor allem schmerzvoll anfühlt. Es fühlt sich an wie „damals“. Das versteht man, in der Situation steckend, komischerweise sofort, denn wir haben ein Schmerzgedächtnis. Wir können Düfte oder Musik ja auch sofort zuordnen, wenn sie uns an etwas erinnern. Mit Schmerz ist es ähnlich. Aber es fällt so schwer, darüber zu reden, weil es keiner versteht und weil es dafür meines Erachtens in unserer Sprache keine Worte gibt. Man versteht das erst, wenn man es selbst erlebt hat. Und dann reichen zwei Worte.

Die Baustelle HERZ versteht man erst, wenn man selbst ein aktiviertes Trauma erlebt, durchlebt hat, wenn man einmal „gestorben“ ist.

Heute kann ich an Äußerungen, die jemand macht, gut ablesen, ob jemand seine Baustelle HERZ bereits kennen gelernt hat oder nicht. Menschen, die das selbst noch nicht kennen gelernt haben, haben oft aufmunternde Sprüche wie „Das wird schon wieder. Jetzt lass den Kopf mal nicht hängen.“ Das hilft einem dann in etwa so, wie wenn man in einer Depression gesagt bekommt: „Nun lach doch mal.“ Man weiß dann sofort, welchen Erfahrungshintergrund das Gegenüber hat. Das ist keine Wertung, nur eine Feststellung. Unsere Kultur hat hier einfach wichtiges Wissen verloren. Ich persönlich weiß nicht, wie es ist, ein Kind auf die Welt zu bringen oder ein Kind zu verlieren. Ich weiß vieles nicht und habe vermutlich auch schon wenig hilfreiche Kommentare abgegeben, weil ich es nicht besser wusste. Aber ich weiß, wie sich ein aktiviertes Trauma anfühlt. Und das ist ein wertvolles Wissen, was ich gern teilen möchte. Man schaut mit diesem erfahrenen Wissen (kein Bücher-Wissen) viel  differenzierter auf das Leid anderer Menschen. Es gibt so viele Sorten von Trauma und deswegen auch Sorten von aktiviertem Trauma. Manchmal denkt man sich nichts dabei und sagt etwas, und schon hat man beim anderen einen Punkt getroffen, der dadurch nun schmerzt. Wenn man Glück hat, dann dauert der Schmerz nur kurz an. Wenn man Pech hat, ist die Freundschaft zu Ende. Ich habe das selbst schon erlebt. Mal war ich es, die den Rückzug angetreten hat. Mal war es der andere. Hinter diesen Phänomenen steckt nichtverarbeitetes Trauma. Die Bildungslücke bezüglich Trauma in unserer Gesellschaft ist (gewollt) riesig.

Wir sind eine traumatisierte Gesellschaft, die nicht weiß, dass sie eine traumatisierte Gesellschaft ist.

Viele Menschen haben unverarbeitetes Trauma im Gepäck. Wir haben selbst nach Jahren der Therapie und Selbstreflektion immer noch unverarbeitete Anteile eines Traumas im Gepäck, das wir glaubten, bearbeitet zu haben. Mir ist das bewusst geworden, je besser ich mein eigenes Trauma kennen und lieben gelernt habe.

Eigentlich wollte ich heute kurz etwas über den gesunden Umgang mit Gefühlen schreiben. Beim Schreiben habe ich aber gemerkt, dass ich erstmal etwas über das Haus erzählen muss, bevor ich über die Gäste, die Gefühle, rede. Ich bin das Haus, das durch Verstand und Gefühle belebt wird. Und hinter dem Haus gibt es noch ein ganzes Universum, auf das ich heute nicht eingehen möchte.

Gefühle und Fühlen sind zentral wichtig, wenn man Trauma bearbeiten möchte.

Trauma wird solange aktiviert, bis es bearbeitet wurde.

In einer traumatisierten Gesellschaft wird 24/7 Trauma aktiviert. Und das ist gut so. Die Evolution schläft nicht. Die Evolution schenkt uns Schmerz, damit wir ihr Aufmerksamkeit schenken.

Das Leben liebt uns, und wiederkehrender Schmerz ist wie die Schlummerfunktion am Wecker, die möchte, dass wir aufwachen.

In unserer traumatisierten Gesellschaft klingelt momentan nicht nur der Wecker. Alles, was tönen kann, gibt Signal. Mir kommt es in dieser Zeit manchmal vor, wie wenn sich   gleichzeitig  , das Kinder-Sinfonieorchester mit sämtlichen Instrumenten einstimmt, jemand mit dem Handy telefoniert, das Fenster zur Hauptstraße offen steht, der Bus anfährt, der Auspuff röhrt, jemand hupt, das Martinshorn aufheult, die Drehorgel spielt, das Pausenzeichen in der Schule ertönt, es an der Tür klingelt und die Kirchenorgel aus allen Pfeifen flötet und brummt.  

Aktiviertes Trauma macht ordentlich Krach individuell und erst recht gesellschaftlich gesehen. Und je lauter es ist, desto dringender möchte es bearbeitet werden.

Die Baustelle HERZ zu bearbeiten, lohnt sich. Und Fühlen bringt die Verwandlung.

@ 87fedb9f:0da83419

Push it! Push it! Push it!

That chant still echoes in my bones, not just from the gym, but from the inside out. I remember watching a bodybuilder once — the weight trembling above him, his muscles bulging and giving out, the spotters swooping in to catch the bar just in time. “Train to failure,” they said. “That’s how you grow.”

And it makes sense, doesn’t it? If you’re being chased by a wild beast, you run until your body gives out. That’s how we’re wired — to survive first and foremost, not necessarily to thrive.

But what if the house we’re building isn’t under threat from wolves? What if we’ve got stone-moving machines and time to breathe? What if we’re not being chased anymore… but we still act like we are?

See, survival patterns are sneaky. They wear masks. They show up in workouts and work days. They dress up in ambition, caffeine, and “just one more thing before I stop.”

I’ve never been a bodybuilder — my brother was — but I’ve tried that route in my own work life. Lift to failure. Push it. Every other day, I’d be nursing another injury to body and mind.

I wasn’t getting stronger. I was just breaking myself in cycles. Push, break, recover, repeat.

I see the same thing with brains. Push it. Adderall. More coffee. Keep going. Hit the wall. And then—collapse.

That’s not strengthening. That’s surviving pretending to be “powerful.”

What happens to the rest of your system when your brain is sucking up all the energy just to stay on task? You stop digesting. You stop feeling the sun on your skin. You stop enjoying your kids’ laughter. Everything feels like something to push through.

That isn’t thriving.

Thriving feels different. It’s alive, yes — there’s activation. But it’s not strained. When we’re in thriving mode, we’re with our energy, not yanking it out by the roots and forcing it to regrow. The muscles — or the mind — are engaged, fluid, expressive. Alive.

It’s a fine line. You can take the same exact action and fill it with stress.

I’ve done it. I’ve turned a perfectly normal task into a survival sprint. It feels ridiculous in hindsight — like, why did I make this email reply into a mountain climb?

Because my primitive brain still whispers, “If you don’t do this perfectly and fast, you’ll die.” Not literally. But the threat feels real. The imagined judgment, the self-criticism, the fear of not being enough — they’re imaginary lions in the tall grass of modern life.

I’ve used this system on myself. I’ve strained my nervous system like fingernails scraping rock to avoid a fall that was never coming.

That’s what we’re supposed to do, right? We bring survival force into every aspect. Into parenting. Into projects. Into relationships.

And we wonder why we’re tired all the time. Not sleepy tired — soul tired. That kind of tired that feels like you ran for your life… but all you did was sit at your desk.

Here’s what I know now: if you’re not actually in danger, you can stop living like you are.

You don’t have to push everything to the edge. You don’t have to prove your strength through strain. Strength can be alive in you — not torn, not depleted, but awake and sustaining.

And when we live from there, the recovery feels different, too. We’re not collapsing. We’re restoring.

We’re not dropping all the pieces and then forcing ourselves to pick them up… again! Instead, we’re crafting a thriving life from the pieces we find, fashion, and consciously put in place.

There’s a wisdom to building your foundation around thriving — not just surviving. And thriving starts with recognizing: it’s not life or death to get through your inbox. Your self-worth isn’t measured by how busy and depleted you are.

Look around. Are you stacking more and more iron to prove something? Or are you listening to the quiet whisper that says, “Yes, move… but don’t hurt yourself doing it.”

And in a life that tells you to push until you fail, choosing to rest and relish — choosing to feel alive rather than just alive-enough — might just be the truest strength there is.

Useful Concepts for Thriving in This Story

• Primitive Brain\ The primitive brain keeps us on high alert even when we’re safe — it’s time to question whether the lion is real.

• Unrushed\ Being unrushed is a radical shift from survival tempo to the rhythm of true aliveness.

• Savvy\ Savvy invites us to work with our energy wisely, not destructively — to choose thriving over proving.

• Vitality\ Vitality flows when we stop draining ourselves for performance and start living from inner strength.

• Inspired Action\ Inspired action arises from presence and aliveness, not adrenaline and depletion.

@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353

"Malcolm Forbes recounts that a lady, wearing a faded cotton dress, and her husband, dressed in an old handmade suit, stepped off a train in Boston, USA, and timidly made their way to the office of the president of Harvard University. They had come from Palo Alto, California, and had not scheduled an appointment. The secretary, at a glance, thought that those two, looking like country bumpkins, had no business at Harvard.
— We want to speak with the president — the man said in a low voice.
— He will be busy all day — the secretary replied curtly.
— We will wait.
The secretary ignored them for hours, hoping the couple would finally give up and leave. But they stayed there, and the secretary, somewhat frustrated, decided to bother the president, although she hated doing that.
— If you speak with them for just a few minutes, maybe they will decide to go away — she said.
The president sighed in irritation but agreed. Someone of his importance did not have time to meet people like that, but he hated faded dresses and tattered suits in his office. With a stern face, he went to the couple.
— We had a son who studied at Harvard for a year — the woman said. — He loved Harvard and was very happy here, but a year ago he died in an accident, and we would like to erect a monument in his honor somewhere on campus.

— My lady — said the president rudely —, we cannot erect a statue for every person who studied at Harvard and died; if we did, this place would look like a cemetery.

— Oh, no — the lady quickly replied. — We do not want to erect a statue. We would like to donate a building to Harvard.

The president looked at the woman's faded dress and her husband's old suit and exclaimed:

— A building! Do you have even the faintest idea of how much a building costs? We have more than seven and a half million dollars' worth of buildings here at Harvard.

The lady was silent for a moment, then said to her husband:

— If that’s all it costs to found a university, why don’t we have our own?

The husband agreed.

The couple, Leland Stanford, stood up and left, leaving the president confused. Traveling back to Palo Alto, California, they established there Stanford University, the second-largest in the world, in honor of their son, a former Harvard student."

Text extracted from: "Mileumlivros - Stories that Teach Values."

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A toast to our family!

@ 4fa5d1c4:fd6c6e41

Bibel-Selfies

Prompts

Eva, Schlange, Apfel und Adam

A selfie of a woman resembling eve in the time of old testament, blurred body, holding an apple, kneeling in front adam. he has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a huge snake behind her. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with adam and eve, possibly at a place like garden eden. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudha --v 6.0

Tochter des Pharao mit Mose

A selfie of the biblical figure moabite woman with her baby in front of an oasis. She is wearing traditional and has black hair. The background shows water from the desert oasis and grasses around it. In the Background a wicker basket on the water. The photo was taken in the style of a selfie shot with GoPro camera

Simon Petrus

A selfie of a man resembling Simon Petrus, wearing a white robe, surrounded by waves and thunderstorm. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many waves behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus at the dead sea, possibly at a place like the sea. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Zachäus auf dem Baum

A selfie of a man resembling a roman in the time of jesus, wearing a glamorous robe, surrounded by the crown of a tree. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many leaves behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus walking by, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Maria am Ostermorgen

A selfie of a woman resembling maria in the time of jesus, wearing a robe, kneeling in front of stone grave. she has a shocked expression with her mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with the open glowing grave behind her. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus resurrection, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Der verlorene Sohn bei den Schweinen

A young ancient arabic man with short hair in the time of jesus, brown eyes, and a dirty face, covered in mud from working on his pig farm, takes an amateur selfie at dusk. He is surrounded by pig stables, with a barn visible in the background and pigs seen near the front. The photo captures a raw, authentic moment, as he gazes directly into the camera with an expression of excitement or wonder. The image has a realistic style, akin to Unsplash photography, and is meant to be posted on a primitive-themed social network. The resolution of the photo is high, style of selfie with gopro --v 6.0

Vater und Sohn vereint

A selfie of an Arab father in simple garments in the time of jesus, embracing and hugging a young man. The father's face, visible in the foreground, radiates joy and relief. Only the back of the son's head is visible, as he faces away from the camera, returning the embrace in tattered clothing. In the background, a large ancient house and other family members can be seen watching from a distance, blurred. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens using a GoPro, enhancing the dramatic and overwhelming effect of the scene --v 6.0

Bartimäus

A selfie of a man resembling blind bartimaeus in the time of jesus, black and brown and white bandages on his head over his eyes and face, wearing a robe, kneeling in front of a market place. he has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes still covered with black and brown and white bandages on his head, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many sand behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus healing the blind, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudha --v 6.0

Daniel in der Löwengrube

A selfie of a man resembling Jesus, wearing a beige hoodie, surrounded by lions and cheetahs. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many lions behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a lion's den, possibly at a place like the Grand Tabahar. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary

David und Goliath

selfie of a the boy and shepherd david holding his slingshot resembling a fight with the giant goliath in the time of old testament, wearing a glamorous sligshot focusing on his giant opponent. David has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a desert surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of the scene of David fighting with the giant goliath with his slingshot, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Simson im Philistertempel

A selfie of a man resembling simson in the time of old testament, wearing a glamorous beard and long hair, surrounded by thousands of ancient fighters. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a temple surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus walking by, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Jona und der Wal

A selfie of a man resembling israeli jona in the time of old testament,`wearing a glamorous beard and long hair, inside the body of a whale. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with the ocean surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene in the bible. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary

Jakob und Isaak

A selfie of a young man resembling an ancient Arabic in clothes made of skins of goats and furs of the goats, looking overwhelmed and distressed as he betrays his father, who blesses him. The scene shows a dawn sky with hints of the sunrise, evoking a surreal and dramatic atmosphere. The scene is set in ancient Jerusalem, with stone buildings. in the background an old man with a gesture of blessing, rising his hands to the sky, The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, blending surrealism with humor. The style is reminiscent of a GoPro selfie, capturing the intense moment with a sense of both fear and surprise

Petrus und der Hahn

A selfie of a man resembling ancient young arabic man saint in traditional biblical attire, being eaten by a whale,. he has a shocked expression with his mouth pressed and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with one rooster crowing out loud behind the man. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with peter and the rooster, possibly at a place in jerusalem . The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, go pro selfie, morning dawn near sunrise setting

Josef im Brunnen

A selfie of an ancient israelian man with a magical dreamcoat clothing in a deep well, looking at the camera from above, captured in the style of a go pro selfie stick

Elia und die Raben

A close-up selfie of a bearded man (Elijah) in biblical clothing, smiling gratefully. He is standing near a stream in a secluded, rocky area. Several black ravens are perched on his shoulders and arms, holding pieces of bread and meat in their beaks. The scene has a warm, golden light, symbolizing God's provision. Photorealistic style, high detail.

Absalom im Baum

A selfie of a man resembling of a young man (Absalom) with long hair knotted arount the branches of a large oak tree.. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with all of his hairs knotted around the tree. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene of a robin hood movie in the forest . The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor

Ruth und Boas im Weizenfeld

A selfie of a young woman resembling Ruth, with a radiant smile and sun-kissed skin. She's standing in a golden wheat field at sunset, her arms filled with freshly gathered sheaves of wheat. Her hair is partially covered with a simple headscarf, with loose strands blowing in the wind. She has a look of joy and gratitude in her eyes. The scene appears idyllic, with wheat stalks seeming to embrace her. In the background, a distinguished older man (Boaz) can be seen watching from a distance, his expression a mix of curiosity and admiration. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, capturing the vastness of the field, the warmth of the setting sun, and Boaz in the distance. The setting is reminiscent of a biblical harvest scene. The style of the photo blends realism with a touch of romantic nostalgia.

"Bibel-Selfies" von Jörg Lohrer Lizenz: CC0 1.0 .

`

@ 4857600b:30b502f4

Mitch McConnell, a senior Republican senator, announced he will not seek reelection.

At 83 years old and with health issues, this decision was expected. After seven terms, he leaves a significant legacy in U.S. politics, known for his strategic maneuvering.

McConnell stated, “My current term in the Senate will be my last.” His retirement marks the end of an influential political era.

@ 8f69ac99:4f92f5fd

Há algo quase reconfortante na previsibilidade com que certos colunistas abordam Bitcoin: a cada oportunidade, repetem os mesmos chavões, reciclados com indignação moralista e embrulhados numa embalagem de falsa autoridade. O artigo publicado na Visão, com o título dramático "De criança prodígio a adolescente problemático", encaixa-se perfeitamente nesse molde.

Trata-se de uma peça de opinião que mistura factos irrelevantes com interpretações enviesadas, estatísticas sem contexto e um medo mal disfarçado de perder o monopólio da narrativa económica. A autora, Sofia Santos Machado, opta por colar em Bitcoin os desastres do chamado “mundo cripto” como se fossem parte do mesmo fenómeno — ignorando, por conveniência ou ignorância, que Bitcoin não é altcoins, não é NFTs, não é esquemas de yield exótico, e não é fintech vestida de blockchain.

Esta resposta centra-se exclusivamente em Bitcoin — um protocolo monetário aberto, incorruptível e resistente à censura, que já está a servir como salvaguarda de valor em regiões onde o sistema financeiro convencional falhou. Não me interessa defender pirâmides, tokens inflacionários ou aventuras bancárias mal calculadas.

Criticar Bitcoin é legítimo — mas fazê-lo sem saber do que se fala é apenas desinformação.

A Histeria da Água — Falar Sem Saber

O artigo abre com uma pérola alarmista sobre o consumo de água:

“Uma única transacção de bitcoin consome seis milhões de vezes mais água do que um pagamento com cartão.”

Seis. Milhões. De vezes. Resta saber se a autora escreveu isto com cara séria ou a rir-se enquanto bebia água engarrafada dos Alpes Suíços.

Fontes? Metodologia? Contexto? Estou a brincar — isto é a Visão, onde os números são decoração e os factos opcionais.

Claro que comparar transacções na camada base de Bitcoin com pagamentos "instantâneos" da rede Visa é tão rigoroso como comparar um Boeing 747 com um avião de papel porque um voa mais longe. Um artigo sério teria falado em batching, na Lightning Network, ou no facto de que Bitcoin nem sequer compete com a Visa nesse nível, nem em nenhum. Mas isso exigiria, imagine-se, investigação.

Pior ainda, não há qualquer menção ao consumo de água na extracção de ouro, nos data centers bancários, ou no treino de modelos de inteligência artificial. Pelos vistos, só Bitcoin tem de obedecer aos mandamentos ecológicos da Visão. O resto? Santa ignorância selectiva.

Criminosos e o Fantasma do Satoshi

Eis o clássico: “Bitcoin é usado por criminosos”. Um cliché bafiento tirado do baú de 2013, agora reapresentado como se fosse escândalo fresco.

Na realidade, Bitcoin é pseudónimo, não anónimo. Todas as transacções ficam gravadas num livro público — não é propriamente o esconderijo ideal para lavar dinheiro, a menos que sejas fã de disfarces em néon.

E os dados? Claríssimos. Segundo a Chainalysis e a Europol, a actividade ilícita com Bitcoin tem vindo a diminuir. Enquanto isso, os bancos — esses bastiões de confiança — continuam a ser apanhados a lavar biliões para cartéis e cleptocratas. Mas disso a Visão não fala. Devia estragar a narrativa.

O verdadeiro crime aqui é a preguiça intelectual tão profunda que quase merece uma moldura. A Visão tem um editor?

O Espantalho Energético

Como uma criança que acabou de aprender uma palavra nova, a Visão repete “consumo energético” como se fosse um pecado original. Bitcoin usa electricidade — escândalo!

Mas vejamos: o Proof-of-Work não é um defeito. É a razão pela qual Bitcoin é seguro. Não há “desperdício” — há uso, e muitas vezes com energia excedente, renovável, ou que de outro modo seria desperdiçada. É por isso que os mineiros se instalam junto a barragens remotas, queima de gás (flaring), ou parques eólicos no meio do nada — não porque odeiam o planeta, mas porque os incentivos económicos funcionam. Escrevi sobre isso aqui.

O que a Visão convenientemente ignora é que Bitcoin está a ajudar a integrar mais energia renovável nas redes, funcionando como carga flexível. Mas nuance? Trabalho de casa? Esquece lá isso.

Para uma explicação mais séria, podiam ter ouvido o podcast A Seita Bitcoin com o Daniel Batten. Mas para quê investigar?

Cripto = Bitcoin = Fraude?

Aqui chegamos ao buraco negro intelectual: enfiar tudo no mesmo saco. FTX colapsou? Culpa de Bitcoin. Um banqueiro jogou com altcoins? Culpa de Bitcoin. Scam de NFT? Deve ter sido o Satoshi.

Vamos esclarecer: Bitcoin não é “cripto”. Bitcoin é descentralizado, sem líderes, transparente. Não teve pré-mineração, não tem CEO, não promete lucros. O que o rodeia? Tokens centralizados, esquemas Ponzi, pirâmides e vaporware — precisamente o oposto do que Bitcoin representa.

Se um executivo bancário perde o dinheiro dos clientes em Dogecoins, isso é um problema dele. Bitcoin não lhe prometeu nada. Foi a ganância.

E convenhamos: os bancos tradicionais também colapsam. E não precisam de satoshis para isso. Bastam dívidas mal geridas, contabilidade criativa e uma fé cega no sistema.

Culpar Bitcoin por falcatruas “cripto” é como culpar o TCP/IP ou SMTP por emails de phishing. É preguiçoso, desonesto e diz-nos mais sobre a autora do que sobre a tecnologia.

Promessas Por Cumprir? Só Se Não Estiveres a Ver

A "jornalista" da Visão lamenta que “após 15 anos, os riscos são reais mas as promessas por cumprir”. Que promessas? Dinheiro grátis? Cafés pagos com QR codes mágicos?

Bitcoin nunca prometeu fazer cappuccinos mais rápidos. Prometeu soberania monetária, resistência à censura e um sistema previsível. E tem cumprido — diariamente, para milhões. E para o cappuccino, há sempre a Lightning Network.

Pergunta aos venezuelanos, nigerianos, peruanos ou argentinos se Bitcoin falhou. Para muitos, é a única forma de escapar à hiperinflação, ao confisco estatal e à decadência financeira.

Bitcoin não é uma app. É infra-estrutura. É uma nova camada base para o dinheiro global. Não se vê — mas protege, impõe regras e não obedece a caprichos de banqueiros centrais.

E isso assusta. Especialmente quem nunca viveu fora da bolha do euro.

Conclusão: A Visão a Gritar Contra o Progresso

No fim, o artigo da Visão é um festival de clichés, dados errados e ressentimento. Não é só enganador. É desonesto. Culpa a tecnologia pelos erros dos homens. Rejeita o futuro em nome do conforto passado.

Bitcoin não é uma varinha mágica. Mas é a fundação de uma nova liberdade financeira. Uma ferramenta para proteger valor, resistir a abusos e escapar ao controlo constante de quem acha que sabe o que é melhor para ti.

Portanto, fica aqui o desafio, Sofia: se queres criticar Bitcoin, primeiro percebe o que é. Lê o white paper. Estuda. Faz perguntas difíceis.

Caso contrário, és só mais um cão a ladrar para a trovoada — muito barulho, zero impacto.

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

President Trump has intensified immigration enforcement, likening it to a wartime effort. Despite pouring resources into the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), arrest numbers are declining and falling short of goals. ICE fell from about 800 daily arrests in late January to fewer than 600 in early February.

Critics argue the administration is merely showcasing efforts with ineffectiveness, while Trump seeks billions more in funding to support his deportation agenda. Increased involvement from various federal agencies is intended to assist ICE, but many lack specific immigration training.

Challenges persist, as fewer immigrants are available for quick deportation due to a decline in illegal crossings. Local sheriffs are also pressured by rising demands to accommodate immigrants, which may strain resources further.

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

E-cash are coupons or tokens for Bitcoin, or Bitcoin debt notes that the mint issues. The e-cash states, essentially, "IoU 2900 sats".

They're redeemable for Bitcoin on Lightning (hard money), and therefore can be used as cash (softer money), so long as the mint has a good reputation. That means that they're less fungible than Lightning because the e-cash from one mint can be more or less valuable than the e-cash from another. If a mint is buggy, offline, or disappears, then the e-cash is unreedemable.

It also means that e-cash is more anonymous than Lightning, and that the sender and receiver's wallets don't need to be online, to transact. Nutzaps now add the possibility of parking transactions one level farther out, on a relay. The same relays that cannot keep npub profiles and follow lists consistent will now do monetary transactions.

What we then have is * a transaction on a relay that triggers * a transaction on a mint that triggers * a transaction on Lightning that triggers * a transaction on Bitcoin.

Which means that every relay that stores the nuts is part of a wildcat banking system. Which is fine, but relay operators should consider whether they wish to carry the associated risks and liabilities. They should also be aware that they should implement the appropriate features in their relay, such as expiration tags (nuts rot after 2 weeks), and to make sure that only expired nuts are deleted.

There will be plenty of specialized relays for this, so don't feel pressured to join in, and research the topic carefully, for yourself.

https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/60.md

@ 975e4ad5:8d4847ce

Introduction

Bitcoin and torrents are two technologies that have reshaped how people share information and resources in the digital age. Both are built on decentralized principles and challenge traditional systems—torrents in the realm of file sharing, and Bitcoin in the world of finance. However, while torrents have seen a decline in popularity with the rise of streaming platforms like Netflix and HBO, many wonder whether Bitcoin will follow a similar trajectory or continue to grow as a widely adopted technology. This article explores the similarities between the two technologies, the resilience of torrents against attempts to shut them down, the reasons for their declining popularity, and why Bitcoin is likely to avoid a similar fate.

Similarities Between Torrents and Bitcoin

Torrents and Bitcoin share several key characteristics that make them unique and resilient:

1. Decentralization:\ Torrents rely on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, where users share files directly with each other without depending on a central server. Similarly, Bitcoin operates on a blockchain—a decentralized network of nodes that maintain and validate transactions. This lack of a central authority makes both technologies difficult to control or shut down.

2. Censorship Resistance:\ Both systems are designed to withstand attempts at restriction. Torrents continue to function even when specific sites like The Pirate Bay are blocked, as the network relies on thousands of users worldwide. Bitcoin is also resistant to government bans, as transactions are processed by a global network of miners.

3. Anonymity and Pseudonymity:\ Torrents allow users to share files without revealing their identities, especially when using VPNs. Bitcoin, while pseudonymous (transactions are public but not directly tied to real-world identities), offers a similar level of privacy, attracting users seeking financial freedom.

4. Open Source:\ Both technologies are open-source, enabling developers to improve and adapt them. This fosters innovation and makes the systems more resilient to attacks.

Why Torrents Cannot Be Stopped

Torrents have persisted despite numerous attempts to curb them due to their decentralized nature. Governments and organizations have shut down sites like The Pirate Bay and Kickass Torrents, but new platforms quickly emerge. The key reasons for their resilience include:

• P2P Architecture:\ Torrents do not rely on a single server. Every user downloading or sharing a file becomes part of the network, making it impossible to completely dismantle.

• Global Distribution:\ Millions of users worldwide sustain torrent networks. Even if one country imposes strict regulations, others continue to support the system.

• Adaptability:\ The torrent community quickly adapts to challenges, using VPNs, proxy servers, or the dark web to bypass restrictions.

Despite this resilience, the popularity of torrents has significantly declined in recent years, particularly among younger users.

The Decline of Torrents: Why They Lost Popularity

In the early 2000s, torrents were the primary way to access movies, music, and software. They were easy to use, free, and offered a vast array of content. However, the rise of streaming platforms like Netflix, HBO, Disney+, and Spotify has changed how people consume media. The main reasons for the decline of torrents include:

1. Convenience:\ Streaming platforms provide instant access to high-quality content without the need for downloading or specialized software. Torrents, in contrast, require technical knowledge and are often slower.

2. Legality and Safety:\ Using torrents carries risks such as viruses, malware, and legal consequences. Streaming services offer a safe and legal alternative.

3. Marketing and Accessibility:\ Platforms like Netflix invest billions in original content and marketing, attracting younger users who prefer easy access over free but risky downloads.

4. Social Shifts:\ Younger generations, raised with access to subscription services, are often unfamiliar with torrents or view them as outdated. Studies from 2023 indicate that only a small percentage of people under 25 regularly use torrents.

Despite this decline, torrents have not disappeared entirely. They are still used in regions with limited access to streaming services or by users who value free access to niche content.

Why Bitcoin Will Not Share the Fate of Torrents

Despite the similarities, Bitcoin has unique characteristics that make it more likely to achieve mainstream adoption rather than being overshadowed by alternatives. Here are the key reasons:

1. Financial Revolution:\ Bitcoin addresses problems that lack direct alternatives. It enables transactions without intermediaries, which is particularly valuable in countries with unstable currencies or limited banking access. Unlike torrents, which were replaced by more convenient streaming platforms, traditional financial systems still have flaws that Bitcoin addresses.

2. Institutional Adoption:\ Major companies like Tesla, PayPal, and Square accept Bitcoin or invest in it. Financial institutions, including JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs, are developing cryptocurrency-related products. This institutional acceptance boosts Bitcoin’s credibility and legitimacy, something torrents never achieved.

3. Limited Supply:\ Bitcoin’s fixed supply of 21 million coins makes it attractive as a store of value, similar to gold. This characteristic distinguishes it from other technologies and gives it potential for long-term growth.

4. Technological Advancements:\ The Bitcoin network evolves through improvements like the Lightning Network, which makes transactions faster and cheaper. These innovations make it competitive with traditional payment systems, whereas torrents failed to adapt to streaming technologies.

5. Global Financial Integration:\ Unlike torrents, which remained in the niche of file sharing, Bitcoin has the potential to integrate into the global financial system. Countries like El Salvador have already recognized it as legal tender, and others may follow suit.

6. Cultural and Economic Significance:\ Bitcoin is perceived not only as a technology but also as a movement for financial independence and decentralization. This ideology attracts young people and tech enthusiasts, making it more resilient to the social shifts that affected torrents.

Conclusion

Torrents and Bitcoin share common roots as decentralized technologies that challenge the status quo. However, while torrents lost popularity due to the rise of more convenient and legal alternatives, Bitcoin has the potential to avoid this fate. Its ability to address real financial problems, institutional adoption, and technological advancements make it a likely candidate for mainstream use in the future. While torrents remained a niche technology, Bitcoin is emerging as a global force that could transform how the world perceives money.

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

Instruções:

1. Leia cada pergunta cuidadosamente.
2. Escolha a opção (A, B, C ou D) que melhor descreve você na maioria das situações. Seja o mais honesto possível.
3. Anote a letra correspondente à sua escolha para cada pergunta.
4. No final, some quantas vezes você escolheu cada letra (A, B, C, D).
5. Veja a seção de resultados para interpretar sua pontuação.

---

Teste de Temperamento

1. Em um evento social (festa, reunião), como você geralmente se comporta? A) Sou o centro das atenções, converso com todos, faço piadas e animo o ambiente. B) Tomo a iniciativa, organizo atividades ou discussões, e gosto de liderar conversas. C) Prefiro observar, conversar em grupos menores ou com pessoas que já conheço bem, e analiso o ambiente. D) Sou tranquilo, ouvinte, evito chamar atenção e me adapto ao ritmo do grupo.

2. Ao enfrentar um novo projeto ou tarefa desafiadora no trabalho ou estudo: A) Fico entusiasmado com a novidade, tenho muitas ideias iniciais, mas posso me distrair facilmente. B) Defino metas claras, crio um plano de ação rápido e foco em alcançar resultados eficientemente. C) Analiso todos os detalhes, planejo meticulosamente, prevejo possíveis problemas e busco a perfeição. D) Abordo com calma, trabalho de forma constante e organizada, e prefiro um ambiente sem pressão.

3. Como você geralmente reage a críticas? A) Tento levar na esportiva, talvez faça uma piada, mas posso me magoar momentaneamente e logo esqueço. B) Defendo meu ponto de vista vigorosamente, posso ficar irritado se sentir injustiça, mas foco em corrigir o problema. C) Levo muito a sério, analiso profundamente, posso me sentir magoado por um tempo e repenso minhas ações. D) Escuto com calma, considero a crítica objetivamente e tento não levar para o lado pessoal, buscando a paz.

4. Qual seu estilo de tomada de decisão? A) Sou impulsivo, decido rapidamente com base no entusiasmo do momento, às vezes me arrependo depois. B) Sou decidido e rápido, foco no objetivo final, às vezes sem considerar todos os detalhes ou sentimentos alheios. C) Sou ponderado, analiso todas as opções e consequências, demoro para decidir buscando a melhor escolha. D) Sou cauteloso, prefiro evitar decisões difíceis, busco consenso ou adio se possível.

5. Como você lida com rotina e repetição? A) Acho entediante rapidamente, preciso de variedade e novidade constante para me manter engajado. B) Tolero se for necessário para atingir um objetivo, mas prefiro desafios e mudanças que eu controlo. C) Aprecio a ordem e a previsibilidade, me sinto confortável com rotinas bem estabelecidas. D) Adapto-me bem à rotina, acho confortável e seguro, não gosto de mudanças bruscas.

6. Em uma discussão ou conflito: A) Tento aliviar a tensão com humor, expresso meus sentimentos abertamente, mas não guardo rancor. B) Sou direto e assertivo, defendo minha posição com firmeza, posso parecer confrontador. C) Evito confronto direto, mas fico remoendo o problema, analiso os argumentos e posso guardar ressentimento. D) Busco a conciliação, tento entender todos os lados, sou diplomático e evito o conflito a todo custo.

7. Como você expressa seus sentimentos (alegria, tristeza, raiva)? A) Expresso de forma aberta, intensa e visível, minhas emoções mudam rapidamente. B) Expresso de forma direta e forte, principalmente a raiva ou a determinação, controlo emoções "fracas". C) Tendo a internalizar, minhas emoções são profundas e duradouras, posso parecer reservado. D) Sou contido na expressão emocional, mantenho a calma externamente, mesmo que sinta algo internamente.

8. Qual seu nível de energia habitual? A) Alto, sou muito ativo, falante e entusiasmado, gosto de estar em movimento. B) Muito alto e direcionado, tenho muita energia para perseguir meus objetivos e liderar. C) Variável, posso ter picos de energia para projetos que me interessam, mas também preciso de tempo quieto para recarregar. D) Moderado e constante, sou calmo, tranquilo, prefiro atividades menos agitadas.

9. Como você organiza seu espaço de trabalho ou sua casa? A) Pode ser um pouco caótico e desorganizado, com muitas coisas interessantes espalhadas. B) Organizado de forma funcional para máxima eficiência, focado no essencial para as tarefas. C) Extremamente organizado, metódico, cada coisa em seu lugar, prezo pela ordem e estética. D) Confortável e prático, não necessariamente impecável, mas funcional e sem excessos.

10. O que mais te motiva? A) Reconhecimento social, diversão, novas experiências e interações. B) Poder, controle, desafios, alcançar metas ambiciosas e resultados concretos. C) Qualidade, significado, fazer as coisas da maneira certa, compreensão profunda. D) Paz, estabilidade, harmonia nos relacionamentos, evitar estresse e pressão.

11. Como você reage a imprevistos ou mudanças de plano? A) Adapto-me rapidamente, às vezes até gosto da novidade, embora possa atrapalhar meus planos iniciais. B) Fico irritado com a perda de controle, mas rapidamente busco uma solução alternativa para manter o objetivo. C) Sinto-me desconfortável e ansioso, preciso de tempo para reavaliar e replanejar cuidadosamente. D) Aceito com calma, sou flexível e me ajusto sem muito alarde, desde que não gere conflito.

12. Qual o seu maior medo (em termos gerais)? A) Ser rejeitado, ignorado ou ficar entediado. B) Perder o controle, parecer fraco ou incompetente. C) Cometer erros graves, ser inadequado ou imperfeito. D) Conflitos, pressão, tomar decisões erradas que afetem a estabilidade.

13. Como você costuma passar seu tempo livre? A) Socializando, saindo com amigos, buscando atividades novas e divertidas. B) Engajado em atividades produtivas, esportes competitivos, planejando próximos passos. C) Lendo, estudando, refletindo, dedicando-me a hobbies que exigem atenção e cuidado. D) Relaxando em casa, assistindo filmes, lendo tranquilamente, passando tempo com a família de forma calma.

14. Ao trabalhar em equipe: A) Sou o animador, trago ideias, conecto as pessoas, mas posso ter dificuldade em focar nos detalhes. B) Assumo a liderança naturalmente, delego tarefas, foco nos resultados e mantenho todos na linha. C) Sou o planejador e o crítico construtivo, atento aos detalhes, garanto a qualidade, mas posso ser muito exigente. D) Sou o pacificador e o colaborador, ajudo a manter a harmonia, realizo minhas tarefas de forma confiável.

15. Como você lida com prazos? A) Muitas vezes deixo para a última hora, trabalho melhor sob a pressão do prazo final, mas posso me atrapalhar. B) Gosto de terminar bem antes do prazo, vejo o prazo como um desafio a ser superado rapidamente. C) Planejo o tempo cuidadosamente para cumprir o prazo com qualidade, fico ansioso se o tempo fica curto. D) Trabalho em ritmo constante para cumprir o prazo sem estresse, não gosto de correria.

16. Qual destas frases mais te descreve? A) "A vida é uma festa!" B) "Se quer algo bem feito, faça você mesmo (ou mande fazer do seu jeito)." C) "Tudo tem um propósito e um lugar certo." D) "Devagar se vai ao longe."

17. Em relação a regras e procedimentos: A) Gosto de flexibilidade, às vezes acho as regras limitantes e tento contorná-las. B) Uso as regras a meu favor para atingir objetivos, mas não hesito em quebrá-las se necessário e se eu puder controlar as consequências. C) Sigo as regras rigorosamente, acredito que elas garantem ordem e qualidade. D) Respeito as regras para evitar problemas, prefiro seguir o fluxo estabelecido.

18. Como você reage quando alguém está emocionalmente abalado? A) Tento animar a pessoa, conto piadas, ofereço distração e companhia. B) Ofereço soluções práticas para o problema, foco em resolver a situação que causou o abalo. C) Escuto com empatia, ofereço apoio profundo e tento compreender a dor da pessoa. D) Mantenho a calma, ofereço um ouvido atento e um ombro amigo, sem me deixar abalar muito.

19. Que tipo de filme ou livro você prefere? A) Comédias, aventuras, romances leves, algo que me divirta e me mantenha entretido. B) Ação, suspense, biografias de líderes, estratégias, algo que me desafie ou inspire poder. C) Dramas profundos, documentários, mistérios complexos, ficção científica filosófica, algo que me faça pensar e sentir. D) Histórias tranquilas, dramas familiares, romances amenos, natureza, algo que me relaxe e traga conforto.

20. O que é mais importante para você em um relacionamento (amizade, amoroso)? A) Diversão, cumplicidade, comunicação aberta e espontaneidade. B) Lealdade, objetivos em comum, apoio mútuo nas ambições. C) Compreensão profunda, fidelidade, apoio emocional e intelectual. D) Harmonia, estabilidade, aceitação mútua e tranquilidade.

21. Se você ganhasse na loteria, qual seria sua primeira reação/ação? A) Faria uma grande festa, viajaria pelo mundo, compraria presentes para todos! B) Investiria estrategicamente, planejaria como multiplicar o dinheiro, garantiria o controle financeiro. C) Pesquisaria as melhores opções de investimento, faria um plano detalhado de longo prazo, doaria para causas significativas. D) Guardaria a maior parte em segurança, faria algumas melhorias práticas na vida, evitaria mudanças drásticas.

22. Como você se sente em relação a riscos? A) Gosto de arriscar se a recompensa parecer divertida ou excitante, sou otimista. B) Calculo os riscos e assumo-os se acreditar que a recompensa vale a pena e que posso controlar a situação. C) Evito riscos desnecessários, prefiro a segurança e a previsibilidade, analiso tudo antes de agir. D) Desgosto de riscos, prefiro caminhos seguros e comprovados, a estabilidade é mais importante.

23. Sua memória tende a focar mais em: A) Momentos divertidos, pessoas interessantes, experiências marcantes (embora possa esquecer detalhes). B) Sucessos, fracassos (para aprender), injustiças cometidas contra você, quem te ajudou ou atrapalhou. C) Detalhes precisos, conversas significativas, erros cometidos (por você ou outros), sentimentos profundos. D) Fatos objetivos, rotinas, informações práticas, geralmente de forma neutra.

24. Quando aprende algo novo, você prefere: A) Experimentar na prática imediatamente, aprender fazendo, mesmo que cometa erros. B) Entender o objetivo e a aplicação prática rapidamente, focar no essencial para usar o conhecimento. C) Estudar a fundo a teoria, entender todos os porquês, buscar fontes confiáveis e dominar o assunto. D) Aprender em um ritmo calmo, com instruções claras e passo a passo, sem pressão.

25. Se descreva em uma palavra (escolha a que mais se aproxima): A) Entusiasmado(a) B) Determinado(a) C) Criterioso(a) D) Pacífico(a)

26. Como você lida com o silêncio em uma conversa? A) Sinto-me desconfortável e tento preenchê-lo rapidamente com qualquer assunto. B) Uso o silêncio estrategicamente ou o interrompo para direcionar a conversa. C) Posso apreciar o silêncio para refletir, ou me sentir um pouco ansioso dependendo do contexto. D) Sinto-me confortável com o silêncio, não sinto necessidade de preenchê-lo.

27. O que te deixa mais frustrado(a)? A) Tédio, falta de reconhecimento, ser ignorado. B) Incompetência alheia, falta de controle, obstáculos aos seus planos. C) Desorganização, falta de qualidade, injustiça, superficialidade. D) Conflitos interpessoais, pressão excessiva, desordem emocional.

28. Qual a sua relação com o passado, presente e futuro? A) Foco no presente e nas oportunidades imediatas, otimista em relação ao futuro, esqueço o passado facilmente. B) Foco no futuro (metas) e no presente (ações para alcançá-las), aprendo com o passado mas não me prendo a ele. C) Reflito muito sobre o passado (aprendizados, erros), analiso o presente e planejo o futuro com cautela, às vezes com preocupação. D) Vivo o presente de forma tranquila, valorizo a estabilidade e a continuidade do passado, vejo o futuro com serenidade.

29. Se você tivesse que organizar um evento, qual seria seu papel principal? A) Relações públicas, divulgação, animação, garantir que todos se divirtam. B) Coordenação geral, definição de metas, delegação de tarefas, garantir que tudo aconteça conforme o planejado (por você). C) Planejamento detalhado, logística, controle de qualidade, garantir que nada dê errado. D) Suporte, resolução de problemas de forma calma, garantir um ambiente harmonioso.

30. Qual ambiente de trabalho te agrada mais? A) Dinâmico, social, com muita interação, flexibilidade e novidades. B) Competitivo, desafiador, focado em resultados, onde eu possa liderar ou ter autonomia. C) Estruturado, quieto, onde eu possa me concentrar, com padrões claros de qualidade e tempo para análise. D) Estável, cooperativo, sem pressão, com relacionamentos harmoniosos e tarefas previsíveis.

---

Calculando seus Resultados:

Agora, conte quantas vezes você escolheu cada letra:

• Total de A: ______
• Total de B: ______
• Total de C: ______
• Total de D: ______

A letra (ou as letras) com a maior pontuação indica(m) seu(s) temperamento(s) dominante(s).

---

Interpretação dos Resultados:

• Se sua maior pontuação foi A: Temperamento SANGUÍNEO Dominante

  • Características: Você é extrovertido, otimista, sociável, comunicativo, entusiasmado e adora novidades. Gosta de ser o centro das atenções, faz amigos facilmente e contagia os outros com sua energia. É criativo e espontâneo.
  • Pontos Fortes: Carismático, inspirador, adaptável, bom em iniciar relacionamentos e projetos, perdoa facilmente.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser indisciplinado, desorganizado, impulsivo, superficial, ter dificuldade em focar e terminar tarefas, e ser muito dependente de aprovação externa.

• Se sua maior pontuação foi B: Temperamento COLÉRICO Dominante

  • Características: Você é enérgico, decidido, líder nato, orientado para metas e resultados. É ambicioso, assertivo, direto e não tem medo de desafios ou confrontos. Gosta de estar no controle e é muito prático.
  • Pontos Fortes: Determinado, eficiente, líder natural, bom em tomar decisões e resolver problemas, autoconfiante.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser impaciente, dominador, teimoso, insensível aos sentimentos alheios, propenso à raiva e a "atropelar" os outros para atingir seus objetivos.

• Se sua maior pontuação foi C: Temperamento MELANCÓLICO Dominante

  • Características: Você é introvertido, analítico, sensível, perfeccionista e profundo. É leal, dedicado, aprecia a beleza e a ordem. Tende a ser pensativo, criterioso e busca significado em tudo. Leva as coisas a sério.
  • Pontos Fortes: Detalhista, organizado, criativo (em profundidade), leal, empático, comprometido com a qualidade e a justiça.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser pessimista, excessivamente crítico (consigo e com os outros), indeciso (pela análise excessiva), guardar ressentimentos, ser propenso à tristeza e ao isolamento.

• Se sua maior pontuação foi D: Temperamento FLEUMÁTICO Dominante

  • Características: Você é calmo, tranquilo, equilibrado e diplomático. É observador, paciente, confiável e fácil de conviver. Evita conflitos, busca harmonia e estabilidade. É um bom ouvinte e trabalha bem sob rotina.
  • Pontos Fortes: Pacífico, estável, confiável, bom ouvinte, diplomático, eficiente em tarefas rotineiras, mantém a calma sob pressão.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser indeciso, procrastinador, resistente a mudanças, parecer apático ou sem entusiasmo, ter dificuldade em se impor e expressar suas próprias necessidades.

Combinações de Temperamentos:

É muito comum ter pontuações altas em duas letras. Isso indica uma combinação de temperamentos. Por exemplo:

• Sanguíneo-Colérico: Extrovertido, enérgico, líder carismático, mas pode ser impulsivo e dominador.
• Sanguíneo-Fleumático: Sociável e agradável, mas pode ter dificuldade com disciplina e iniciativa.
• Colérico-Melancólico: Líder focado e detalhista, muito capaz, mas pode ser excessivamente crítico e exigente.
• Melancólico-Fleumático: Quieto, confiável, analítico, mas pode ser indeciso e resistente a riscos.

Importante: Este teste é uma ferramenta de autoconhecimento. Ninguém se encaixa perfeitamente em uma única caixa. Use os resultados para entender melhor suas tendências naturais, seus pontos fortes e as áreas onde você pode buscar equilíbrio e desenvolvimento.

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

intro

The Russian state made me a Bitcoiner. In 1991, it devalued my grandmother's hard-earned savings. She worked tirelessly in the kitchen of a dining car on the Moscow–Warsaw route. Everything she had saved for my sister and me to attend university vanished overnight. This story is similar to what many experienced, including Wences Casares. The pain and injustice of that time became my first lessons about the fragility of systems and the value of genuine, incorruptible assets, forever changing my perception of money and my trust in government promises.

In 2014, I was living in Moscow, running a trading business, and frequently traveling to China. One day, I learned about the Cypriot banking crisis and the possibility of moving money through some strange thing called Bitcoin. At the time, I didn’t give it much thought. Returning to the idea six months later, as a business-oriented geek, I eagerly began studying the topic and soon dove into it seriously.

I spent half a year reading articles on a local online journal, BitNovosti, actively participating in discussions, and eventually joined the editorial team as a translator. That’s how I learned about whitepapers, decentralization, mining, cryptographic keys, and colored coins. About Satoshi Nakamoto, Silk Road, Mt. Gox, and BitcoinTalk. Over time, I befriended the journal’s owner and, leveraging my management experience, later became an editor. I was drawn to the crypto-anarchist stance and commitment to decentralization principles. We wrote about the economic, historical, and social preconditions for Bitcoin’s emergence, and it was during this time that I fully embraced the idea.

It got to the point where I sold my apartment and, during the market's downturn, bought 50 bitcoins, just after the peak price of $1,200 per coin. That marked the beginning of my first crypto winter. As an editor, I organized workflows, managed translators, developed a YouTube channel, and attended conferences in Russia and Ukraine. That’s how I learned about Wences Casares and even wrote a piece about him. I also met Mikhail Chobanyan (Ukrainian exchange Kuna), Alexander Ivanov (Waves project), Konstantin Lomashuk (Lido project), and, of course, Vitalik Buterin. It was a time of complete immersion, 24/7, and boundless hope.

After moving to the United States, I expected the industry to grow rapidly, attended events, but the introduction of BitLicense froze the industry for eight years. By 2017, it became clear that the industry was shifting toward gambling and creating tokens for the sake of tokens. I dismissed this idea as unsustainable. Then came a new crypto spring with the hype around beautiful NFTs – CryptoPunks and apes.

I made another attempt – we worked on a series called Digital Nomad Country Club, aimed at creating a global project. The proceeds from selling images were intended to fund the development of business tools for people worldwide. However, internal disagreements within the team prevented us from completing the project.

With Trump’s arrival in 2025, hope was reignited. I decided that it was time to create a project that society desperately needed. As someone passionate about history, I understood that destroying what exists was not the solution, but leaving everything as it was also felt unacceptable. You can’t destroy the system, as the fiery crypto-anarchist voices claimed.

With an analytical mindset (IQ 130) and a deep understanding of the freest societies, I realized what was missing—not only in Russia or the United States but globally—a Bitcoin-native system for tracking debts and financial interactions. This could return control of money to ordinary people and create horizontal connections parallel to state systems. My goal was to create, if not a Bitcoin killer app, then at least to lay its foundation.

At the inauguration event in New York, I rediscovered the Nostr project. I realized it was not only technologically simple and already quite popular but also perfectly aligned with my vision. For the past month and a half, using insights and experience gained since 2014, I’ve been working full-time on this project.

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

My favorite line in any Marvel movie ever is in “Captain America.” After Captain America launches seemingly a hopeless assault on Red Skull’s base and is captured, we get this line:

“Arrogance may not be a uniquely American trait, but I must say, you do it better than anyone.”

Yesterday, I came across a comment on the song Devil Went Down to Georgia that had a very similar feel to it:

America has seemingly always been arrogant, in a uniquely American way. Manifest Destiny, for instance. The rest of the world is aware of this arrogance, and mocks Americans for it. A central point in modern US politics is the deriding of racist, nationalist, supremacist Americans.

That’s not what I see. I see American Arrogance as not only a beautiful statement about what it means to be American. I see it as an ode to the greatness of humanity in its purest form.

For most countries, saying “our nation is the greatest” is, in fact, twinged with some level of racism. I still don’t have a problem with it. Every group of people should be allowed to feel pride in their accomplishments. The destruction of the human spirit since the end of World War 2, where greatness has become a sin and weakness a virtue, has crushed the ability of people worldwide to strive for excellence.

But I digress. The fears of racism and nationalism at least have a grain of truth when applied to other nations on the planet. But not to America.

That’s because the definition of America, and the prototype of an American, has nothing to do with race. The definition of Americanism is freedom. The founding of America is based purely on liberty. On the God-given rights of every person to live life the way they see fit.

American Arrogance is not a statement of racial superiority. It’s barely a statement of national superiority (though it absolutely is). To me, when an American comments on the greatness of America, it’s a statement about freedom. Freedom will always unlock the greatness inherent in any group of people. Americans are definitionally better than everyone else, because Americans are freer than everyone else. (Or, at least, that’s how it should be.)

In Devil Went Down to Georgia, Johnny is approached by the devil himself. He is challenged to a ridiculously lopsided bet: a golden fiddle versus his immortal soul. He acknowledges the sin in accepting such a proposal. And yet he says, “God, I know you told me not to do this. But I can’t stand the affront to my honor. I am the greatest. The devil has nothing on me. So God, I’m gonna sin, but I’m also gonna win.”

Libertas magnitudo est

@ 05a0f81e:fc032124

There is an element called carifornium. Over years, there are informations that californium does not exist naturally on earth but can only be produced in the laboratory. But a man from Africa said otherwise and we will find out what the man said.

What is californium? Californium (Cf) is a synthetic radioactive, metallic element with the atomic number 98.

Oxford dictionary defines californium as a chemical element of atomic number 98, a radioactive metal of the actinide series first produced by the bombarding of curium with helium ions. *Take note of the bombarding of curium with helium ions.

According to research, californium is discovered in 1950 and it was named after the university of California and the state of California where the research first took place.

Research also said that californium was produced in the past when several nuclear reactors were in operation 2 billion years ago in Africa.

THERE ARE SOME VITAL PROPERTIES OF CALIFORNIUM. * Radioactive : all isotopes of californium are radioactive. * Actinide : californium belongs to the actinide series, a group of radioactive element with similar properties. * Synthetic : it does not occur naturally and it is produced in the laboratory. * Soft metal : it is soft, silver-white metal. * High melting point : it have a high melting point of about 900°C. * Good neutron source : it is strong neutron emitter, making it useful in various applications.

THERE ARE USES OF CALIFORNIUM

• Neutron Source: Its strong neutron emission makes it valuable as a neutron source in various applications.
• Neutron Activation Analysis: It's used to analyze the composition of materials by bombarding them with neutrons.
• Cancer Therapy: Some isotopes are used in radiation therapy for treating certain cancers.
• Detection Systems: It's used in portable metal detectors, for identifying gold and silver ores, and in detecting oil and water in wells.
• Neutron Radiography: It can be used in neutron radiography to visualize the inside of objects.

Californium also can serve as source of income, 1 gram of californium cost $27 million in market today and it take a thousand grams to make 1 kilogram. You can imagine the figures in monetize form.

About 3-4 years ago, a man by name RTD. HAMZA AL-MUSTAPHA. On a popular radio and TV show claims that californium are being mined and sold-out in Nigeria 🇳🇬.

With critical thinking and understanding, we will find out.

@ daa41bed:88f54153

There has been a good bit of discussion on Nostr over the past few days about the merits of zaps as a method of engaging with notes, so after writing a rather lengthy article on the pros of a strategic Bitcoin reserve, I wanted to take some time to chime in on the much more fun topic of digital engagement.

Let's begin by defining a couple of things:

Nostr is a decentralized, censorship-resistance protocol whose current biggest use case is social media (think Twitter/X). Instead of relying on company servers, it relies on relays that anyone can spin up and own their own content. Its use cases are much bigger, though, and this article is hosted on my own relay, using my own Nostr relay as an example.

Zap is a tip or donation denominated in sats (small units of Bitcoin) sent from one user to another. This is generally done directly over the Lightning Network but is increasingly using Cashu tokens. For the sake of this discussion, how you transmit/receive zaps will be irrelevant, so don't worry if you don't know what Lightning or Cashu are.

If we look at how users engage with posts and follows/followers on platforms like Twitter, Facebook, etc., it becomes evident that traditional social media thrives on engagement farming. The more outrageous a post, the more likely it will get a reaction. We see a version of this on more visual social platforms like YouTube and TikTok that use carefully crafted thumbnail images to grab the user's attention to click the video. If you'd like to dive deep into the psychology and science behind social media engagement, let me know, and I'd be happy to follow up with another article.

In this user engagement model, a user is given the option to comment or like the original post, or share it among their followers to increase its signal. They receive no value from engaging with the content aside from the dopamine hit of the original experience or having their comment liked back by whatever influencer they provide value to. Ad revenue flows to the content creator. Clout flows to the content creator. Sales revenue from merch and content placement flows to the content creator. We call this a linear economy -- the idea that resources get created, used up, then thrown away. Users create content and farm as much engagement as possible, then the content is forgotten within a few hours as they move on to the next piece of content to be farmed.

What if there were a simple way to give value back to those who engage with your content? By implementing some value-for-value model -- a circular economy. Enter zaps.

Unlike traditional social media platforms, Nostr does not actively use algorithms to determine what content is popular, nor does it push content created for active user engagement to the top of a user's timeline. Yes, there are "trending" and "most zapped" timelines that users can choose to use as their default, but these use relatively straightforward engagement metrics to rank posts for these timelines.

That is not to say that we may not see clients actively seeking to refine timeline algorithms for specific metrics. Still, the beauty of having an open protocol with media that is controlled solely by its users is that users who begin to see their timeline gamed towards specific algorithms can choose to move to another client, and for those who are more tech-savvy, they can opt to run their own relays or create their own clients with personalized algorithms and web of trust scoring systems.

Zaps enable the means to create a new type of social media economy in which creators can earn for creating content and users can earn by actively engaging with it. Like and reposting content is relatively frictionless and costs nothing but a simple button tap. Zaps provide active engagement because they signal to your followers and those of the content creator that this post has genuine value, quite literally in the form of money—sats.

I have seen some comments on Nostr claiming that removing likes and reactions is for wealthy people who can afford to send zaps and that the majority of people in the US and around the world do not have the time or money to zap because they have better things to spend their money like feeding their families and paying their bills. While at face value, these may seem like valid arguments, they, unfortunately, represent the brainwashed, defeatist attitude that our current economic (and, by extension, social media) systems aim to instill in all of us to continue extracting value from our lives.

Imagine now, if those people dedicating their own time (time = money) to mine pity points on social media would instead spend that time with genuine value creation by posting content that is meaningful to cultural discussions. Imagine if, instead of complaining that their posts get no zaps and going on a tirade about how much of a victim they are, they would empower themselves to take control of their content and give value back to the world; where would that leave us? How much value could be created on a nascent platform such as Nostr, and how quickly could it overtake other platforms?

Other users argue about user experience and that additional friction (i.e., zaps) leads to lower engagement, as proven by decades of studies on user interaction. While the added friction may turn some users away, does that necessarily provide less value? I argue quite the opposite. You haven't made a few sats from zaps with your content? Can't afford to send some sats to a wallet for zapping? How about using the most excellent available resource and spending 10 seconds of your time to leave a comment? Likes and reactions are valueless transactions. Social media's real value derives from providing monetary compensation and actively engaging in a conversation with posts you find interesting or thought-provoking. Remember when humans thrived on conversation and discussion for entertainment instead of simply being an onlooker of someone else's life?

If you've made it this far, my only request is this: try only zapping and commenting as a method of engagement for two weeks. Sure, you may end up liking a post here and there, but be more mindful of how you interact with the world and break yourself from blind instinct. You'll thank me later.

@ f69ff9c1:57a7cb0c

Jumping into the world of cybersecurity can feel like stepping into a hacker movie — full of commands, code, and dark terminals. As someone just starting this journey, I quickly realized there’s one thing I need to learn before anything else: Linux.

Linux vs Kali Linux: What’s the Difference?

At first, I thought all Linux systems were the same. But here’s what I discovered: • Linux (like Ubuntu or Mint) is a general-purpose operating system — great for beginners, developers, and daily use. • Kali Linux is a powerful tool built specifically for penetration testing and digital forensics. It’s packed with tools like Nmap, Wireshark, and Metasploit.

In short: Kali is for pros. Ubuntu is for learning. So, I started with Ubuntu — and trust me, it was the right call.

Why I’m Starting with Ubuntu

Like any “cybersecurity baby,” I knew I couldn’t jump straight into hacking tools without knowing the basics. With Ubuntu, I’m learning: • Terminal commands • File permissions • Networking tools like ping and netstat • How to install and manage software using apt

It’s not always easy, but every small win makes me feel closer to the goal.

Sharing My Journey

To keep myself motivated and connect with others on the same path, I tweeted this:

“Diving into Linux as a cybersecurity beginner — learning the terminal, commands, permissions, and networking basics. Every line I type gets me closer to mastering the tools behind ethical hacking. It’s tough, but I’m loving the grind. #Linux #CyberSecurity #HackerInTraining”

I even added a little networking spirit:

“Follow for follow — let’s grow in this journey together!”

Joining the Right Communities

Cybersecurity is not a solo game. Here are the communities I’ve joined to stay connected and supported: • TryHackMe Official Discord – Real-time help, study groups, and room support. • Beginner Rooms & Paths on TryHackMe – Great for step-by-step learning. • Reddit (r/tryhackme & r/cybersecurity) – Insightful threads and motivation. • Twitter/X and LinkedIn – Using hashtags like #TryHackMe and #100DaysOfHacking to stay inspired.

Final Thoughts

This is just the beginning. I’m learning Linux now so that I can confidently explore Kali Linux, digital forensics, ethical hacking, and everything in between.

If you’re on a similar path — let’s connect, learn, and grow together. The cyber world is waiting.

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

I got into a friendly discussion on X regarding health insurance. The specific question was how to deal with health insurance companies (presumably unfairly) denying claims? My answer, as usual: get government out of it!

The US healthcare system is essentially the worst of both worlds:

• Unlike full single payer, individuals incur high costs
• Unlike a true free market, regulation causes increases in costs and decreases competition among insurers

I'm firmly on the side of moving towards the free market. (And I say that as someone living under a single payer system now.) Here's what I would do:

• Get rid of tax incentives that make health insurance tied to your employer, giving individuals back proper freedom of choice.
• Reduce regulations significantly.

• In the short term, some people will still get rejected claims and other obnoxious behavior from insurance companies. We address that in two ways:

  1. Due to reduced regulations, new insurance companies will be able to enter the market offering more reliable coverage and better rates, and people will flock to them because they have the freedom to make their own choices.
  2. Sue the asses off of companies that reject claims unfairly. And ideally, as one of the few legitimate roles of government in all this, institute new laws that limit the ability of fine print to allow insurers to escape their responsibilities. (I'm hesitant that the latter will happen due to the incestuous relationship between Congress/regulators and insurers, but I can hope.)

Will this magically fix everything overnight like politicians normally promise? No. But it will allow the market to return to a healthy state. And I don't think it will take long (order of magnitude: 5-10 years) for it to come together, but that's just speculation.

And since there's a high correlation between those who believe government can fix problems by taking more control and demanding that only credentialed experts weigh in on a topic (both points I strongly disagree with BTW): I'm a trained actuary and worked in the insurance industry, and have directly seen how government regulation reduces competition, raises prices, and harms consumers.

And my final point: I don't think any prior art would be a good comparison for deregulation in the US, it's such a different market than any other country in the world for so many reasons that lessons wouldn't really translate. Nonetheless, I asked Grok for some empirical data on this, and at best the results of deregulation could be called "mixed," but likely more accurately "uncertain, confused, and subject to whatever interpretation anyone wants to apply."

https://x.com/i/grok/share/Zc8yOdrN8lS275hXJ92uwq98M

@ a5142938:0ef19da3

"Joha is a Danish brand that creates clothing in merino wool, organic cotton, organic bamboo viscose and silk for babies, children and women.

Natural materials used in products

• Cotton (organic)
• Wool (merino)
• Silk
• Regenerated Cellulose (cupra, lyocell, modal, rayon, viscose) (organic bamboo)

⚠️ Warning: some products from this brand contain non-natural materials, including: - Elastane, lycra, spandex - Polyamides, nylon

Categories of products offered

This brand offers products made entirely from natural materials in the following categories:

Clothing

• Clothing fits: babies, children, women
• Underwear: panties
• One piece: bodysuits
• Tops: tank tops, t-shirts
• Bottoms: pants-trousers, leggings
• Head & handwear: hats, balaclavas, mittens
• Nightwear: pyjamas

Footwear

• Footwear fits: baby shoes
• Slippers: booties

Other information

• Oeko-Tex Standard 100 certification
• Woolmark certification
• Non mulesed wool and animal welfare declaration (Südwolle group GmbH)

👉 Learn more on the brand website

Where to find their products?

• Luna & Curious (shipping area: UK and international)
• Niddle Noddle (shipping area: UK and international)
• Chlidren Salon (shipping area: UK and international)
• Lieblings Paris

---

This article is published on origin-nature.com 🌐 Voir cet article en français

📝 You can contribute to this entry by suggesting edits in comments.

🗣️ Do you use this brand products? Share your opinion in the comments.

⚡ Happy to have found this information? Support the project by making a donation to thank the contributors."

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

Definição de ULID:

Timestamp 48 bits, Aleatoriedade 80 bits Sendo Timestamp 48 bits inteiro, tempo UNIX em milissegundos, Não ficará sem espaço até o ano 10889 d.C. e Aleatoriedade 80 bits, Fonte criptograficamente segura de aleatoriedade, se possível.

Gerar ULID

```sql

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;

CREATE FUNCTION generate_ulid() RETURNS TEXT AS $$ DECLARE -- Crockford's Base32 encoding BYTEA = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'; timestamp BYTEA = E'\000\000\000\000\000\000'; output TEXT = '';

unix_time BIGINT; ulid BYTEA; BEGIN -- 6 timestamp bytes unix_time = (EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM CLOCK_TIMESTAMP()) * 1000)::BIGINT; timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 0, (unix_time >> 40)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 1, (unix_time >> 32)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 2, (unix_time >> 24)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 3, (unix_time >> 16)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 4, (unix_time >> 8)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 5, unix_time::BIT(8)::INTEGER);

-- 10 entropy bytes ulid = timestamp || gen_random_bytes(10);

-- Encode the timestamp output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 224) >> 5)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 31)));

-- Encode the entropy output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 31)));

RETURN output; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE; ```

ULID TO UUID

```sql CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION parse_ulid(ulid text) RETURNS bytea AS $$ DECLARE -- 16byte bytes bytea = E'\x00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000'; v char[]; -- Allow for O(1) lookup of index values dec integer[] = ARRAY[ 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21, 0, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21, 0, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 ]; BEGIN IF NOT ulid ~* '^[0-7][0-9ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ]{25}$' THEN RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid ULID: %', ulid; END IF;

v = regexp_split_to_array(ulid, '');

-- 6 bytes timestamp (48 bits) bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 0, (dec[ASCII(v[1])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[2])]); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 1, (dec[ASCII(v[3])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[4])] >> 2)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 2, (dec[ASCII(v[4])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[5])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[6])] >> 4)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 3, (dec[ASCII(v[6])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[7])] >> 1)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 4, (dec[ASCII(v[7])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[8])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[9])] >> 3)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 5, (dec[ASCII(v[9])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[10])]);

-- 10 bytes of entropy (80 bits); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 6, (dec[ASCII(v[11])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[12])] >> 2)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 7, (dec[ASCII(v[12])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[13])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[14])] >> 4)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 8, (dec[ASCII(v[14])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[15])] >> 1)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 9, (dec[ASCII(v[15])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[16])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[17])] >> 3)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 10, (dec[ASCII(v[17])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[18])]); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 11, (dec[ASCII(v[19])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[20])] >> 2)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 12, (dec[ASCII(v[20])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[21])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[22])] >> 4)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 13, (dec[ASCII(v[22])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[23])] >> 1)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 14, (dec[ASCII(v[23])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[24])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[25])] >> 3)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 15, (dec[ASCII(v[25])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[26])]);

RETURN bytes; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ulid_to_uuid(ulid text) RETURNS uuid AS $$ BEGIN RETURN encode(parse_ulid(ulid), 'hex')::uuid; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE; ```

UUID to ULID

```sql CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION uuid_to_ulid(id uuid) RETURNS text AS $$ DECLARE encoding bytea = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'; output text = ''; uuid_bytes bytea = uuid_send(id); BEGIN

-- Encode the timestamp output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 224) >> 5)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 31)));

-- Encode the entropy output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 31)));

RETURN output; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE; ```

Gera 11 Digitos aleatórios: YBKXG0CKTH4

```sql -- Cria a extensão pgcrypto para gerar uuid CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;

-- Cria a função para gerar ULID CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION gen_lrandom() RETURNS TEXT AS $$ DECLARE ts_millis BIGINT; ts_chars TEXT; random_bytes BYTEA; random_chars TEXT; base32_chars TEXT := '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'; i INT; BEGIN -- Pega o timestamp em milissegundos ts_millis := FLOOR(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM clock_timestamp()) * 1000)::BIGINT;

-- Converte o timestamp para base32
ts_chars := '';
FOR i IN REVERSE 0..11 LOOP
    ts_chars := ts_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((ts_millis >> (5 * i)) & 31) + 1, 1);
END LOOP;

-- Gera 10 bytes aleatórios e converte para base32
random_bytes := gen_random_bytes(10);
random_chars := '';
FOR i IN 0..9 LOOP
    random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) >> 3) & 31) + 1, 1);
    IF i < 9 THEN
        random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, (((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) | (get_byte(random_bytes, i + 1) >> 6)) & 31 + 1, 1);
    ELSE
        random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) + 1, 1);
    END IF;
END LOOP;

-- Concatena o timestamp e os caracteres aleatórios
RETURN ts_chars || random_chars;

END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; ```

Exemplo de USO

```sql -- Criação da extensão caso não exista CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto; -- Criação da tabela pessoas CREATE TABLE pessoas ( ID UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid ( ) PRIMARY KEY, nome TEXT NOT NULL );

-- Busca Pessoa na tabela SELECT * FROM "pessoas" WHERE uuid_to_ulid ( ID ) = '252FAC9F3V8EF80SSDK8PXW02F'; ```

Fontes

• https://github.com/scoville/pgsql-ulid
• https://github.com/geckoboard/pgulid

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

Joha est une marque danoise qui crée des vêtements en laine mérinos, coton biologique, viscose de bambou biologique et soie pour les bébés, les enfants et les femmes.

Matières naturelles utilisées dans les produits

• Coton (biologique)
• Laine (mérinos)
• Soie
• Cellulose régénérée (cupra, lyocell, modal, rayonne, viscose) (bambou biologique)

⚠️ Attention, certains produits de cette marque contiennent des matières non naturelles, dont : - Elasthanne, lycra, spandex - Polyamides, nylon

Catégories de produits proposés

Cette marque propose des produits intégralement en matière naturelle dans les catégories suivantes :

Vêtements

• Tailles vêtements: bébés, enfants, femmes
• Sous-vêtements: culottes
• Une pièce:
• Hauts: débardeurs, t-shirts
• Bas: pantalons, leggings
• Tête et mains: bonnets, cagoules, moufles
• Nuit: pyjamas

Chaussures

• Tailles chaussures: chaussures bébé
• Chaussons: botillons

Autres informations

• Certification Oeko-Tex Standard 100
• Certification Woolmark
• Déclaration de laine de mouton sans mulesing et de bien-être animal (Südwolle group GmbH)

👉 En savoir plus sur le site de la marque

Où trouver leurs produits ?

• Luna & Curious (en anglais, zone de livraison : RU et international)
• Niddle Noddle (en anglais, zone de livraison : RU et international)
• Chlidren Salon (en anglais, zone de livraison : RU et international)
• Lieblings Paris

---

Cet article est publié sur origine-nature.com 🌐 See this article in English

📝 Tu peux contribuer à cette fiche en suggérant une modification en commentaire.

🗣️ Tu utilises les produits de cette marque ? Partage ton avis en commentaire.

⚡ Heureu-x-se de trouver cette information ? Soutiens le projet en faisant un don, pour remercier les contribut-eur-ice-s.

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

Definição de ULID:

Timestamp 48 bits, Aleatoriedade 80 bits Sendo Timestamp 48 bits inteiro, tempo UNIX em milissegundos, Não ficará sem espaço até o ano 10889 d.C. e Aleatoriedade 80 bits, Fonte criptograficamente segura de aleatoriedade, se possível.

Gerar ULID

```sql

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;

CREATE FUNCTION generate_ulid() RETURNS TEXT AS $$ DECLARE -- Crockford's Base32 encoding BYTEA = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'; timestamp BYTEA = E'\000\000\000\000\000\000'; output TEXT = '';

unix_time BIGINT; ulid BYTEA; BEGIN -- 6 timestamp bytes unix_time = (EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM CLOCK_TIMESTAMP()) * 1000)::BIGINT; timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 0, (unix_time >> 40)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 1, (unix_time >> 32)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 2, (unix_time >> 24)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 3, (unix_time >> 16)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 4, (unix_time >> 8)::BIT(8)::INTEGER); timestamp = SET_BYTE(timestamp, 5, unix_time::BIT(8)::INTEGER);

-- 10 entropy bytes ulid = timestamp || gen_random_bytes(10);

-- Encode the timestamp output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 224) >> 5)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 0) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 5) & 31)));

-- Encode the entropy output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 10) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(ulid, 15) & 31)));

RETURN output; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE; ```

ULID TO UUID

```sql CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION parse_ulid(ulid text) RETURNS bytea AS $$ DECLARE -- 16byte bytes bytea = E'\x00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000'; v char[]; -- Allow for O(1) lookup of index values dec integer[] = ARRAY[ 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21, 0, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1, 18, 19, 1, 20, 21, 0, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 255, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 ]; BEGIN IF NOT ulid ~* '^[0-7][0-9ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ]{25}$' THEN RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid ULID: %', ulid; END IF;

v = regexp_split_to_array(ulid, '');

-- 6 bytes timestamp (48 bits) bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 0, (dec[ASCII(v[1])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[2])]); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 1, (dec[ASCII(v[3])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[4])] >> 2)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 2, (dec[ASCII(v[4])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[5])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[6])] >> 4)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 3, (dec[ASCII(v[6])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[7])] >> 1)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 4, (dec[ASCII(v[7])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[8])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[9])] >> 3)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 5, (dec[ASCII(v[9])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[10])]);

-- 10 bytes of entropy (80 bits); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 6, (dec[ASCII(v[11])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[12])] >> 2)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 7, (dec[ASCII(v[12])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[13])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[14])] >> 4)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 8, (dec[ASCII(v[14])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[15])] >> 1)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 9, (dec[ASCII(v[15])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[16])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[17])] >> 3)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 10, (dec[ASCII(v[17])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[18])]); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 11, (dec[ASCII(v[19])] << 3) | (dec[ASCII(v[20])] >> 2)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 12, (dec[ASCII(v[20])] << 6) | (dec[ASCII(v[21])] << 1) | (dec[ASCII(v[22])] >> 4)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 13, (dec[ASCII(v[22])] << 4) | (dec[ASCII(v[23])] >> 1)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 14, (dec[ASCII(v[23])] << 7) | (dec[ASCII(v[24])] << 2) | (dec[ASCII(v[25])] >> 3)); bytes = SET_BYTE(bytes, 15, (dec[ASCII(v[25])] << 5) | dec[ASCII(v[26])]);

RETURN bytes; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ulid_to_uuid(ulid text) RETURNS uuid AS $$ BEGIN RETURN encode(parse_ulid(ulid), 'hex')::uuid; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE; ```

UUID to ULID

```sql CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION uuid_to_ulid(id uuid) RETURNS text AS $$ DECLARE encoding bytea = '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'; output text = ''; uuid_bytes bytea = uuid_send(id); BEGIN

-- Encode the timestamp output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 224) >> 5)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 0) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 1) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 2) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 3) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 4) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 5) & 31)));

-- Encode the entropy output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 6) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 7) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 8) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 9) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 10) & 31))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 248) >> 3)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 11) & 7) << 2) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 192) >> 6))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 62) >> 1)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 12) & 1) << 4) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 240) >> 4))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 13) & 15) << 1) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 128) >> 7))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 124) >> 2)); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 14) & 3) << 3) | ((GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 224) >> 5))); output = output || CHR(GET_BYTE(encoding, (GET_BYTE(uuid_bytes, 15) & 31)));

RETURN output; END $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql IMMUTABLE; ```

Gera 11 Digitos aleatórios: YBKXG0CKTH4

```sql -- Cria a extensão pgcrypto para gerar uuid CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;

-- Cria a função para gerar ULID CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION gen_lrandom() RETURNS TEXT AS $$ DECLARE ts_millis BIGINT; ts_chars TEXT; random_bytes BYTEA; random_chars TEXT; base32_chars TEXT := '0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ'; i INT; BEGIN -- Pega o timestamp em milissegundos ts_millis := FLOOR(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM clock_timestamp()) * 1000)::BIGINT;

-- Converte o timestamp para base32
ts_chars := '';
FOR i IN REVERSE 0..11 LOOP
    ts_chars := ts_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((ts_millis >> (5 * i)) & 31) + 1, 1);
END LOOP;

-- Gera 10 bytes aleatórios e converte para base32
random_bytes := gen_random_bytes(10);
random_chars := '';
FOR i IN 0..9 LOOP
    random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) >> 3) & 31) + 1, 1);
    IF i < 9 THEN
        random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, (((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) | (get_byte(random_bytes, i + 1) >> 6)) & 31 + 1, 1);
    ELSE
        random_chars := random_chars || substr(base32_chars, ((get_byte(random_bytes, i) & 7) << 2) + 1, 1);
    END IF;
END LOOP;

-- Concatena o timestamp e os caracteres aleatórios
RETURN ts_chars || random_chars;

END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; ```

Exemplo de USO

```sql -- Criação da extensão caso não exista CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto; -- Criação da tabela pessoas CREATE TABLE pessoas ( ID UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid ( ) PRIMARY KEY, nome TEXT NOT NULL );

-- Busca Pessoa na tabela SELECT * FROM "pessoas" WHERE uuid_to_ulid ( ID ) = '252FAC9F3V8EF80SSDK8PXW02F'; ```

Fontes

• https://github.com/scoville/pgsql-ulid
• https://github.com/geckoboard/pgulid

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

President Trump has started rolling out his tariffs, something I blogged about in November. People are talking about these tariffs a lot right now, with many people (correctly) commenting on how consumers will end up with higher prices as a result of these tariffs. While that part is true, I’ve seen a lot of people taking it to the next, incorrect step: that consumers will pay the entirety of the tax. I put up a poll on X to see what people thought, and while the right answer got a lot of votes, it wasn't the winner.

For purposes of this blog post, our ultimate question will be the following:

• Suppose apples currently sell for $1 each in the entire United States.
• There are domestic sellers and foreign sellers of apples, all receiving the same price.
• There are no taxes or tariffs on the purchase of apples.
• The question is: if the US federal government puts a $0.50 import tariff per apple, what will be the change in the following:
• Number of apples bought in the US
• Price paid by buyers for apples in the US
• Post-tax price received by domestic apple producers
• Post-tax price received by foreign apple producers

Before we can answer that question, we need to ask an easier, first question: before instituting the tariff, why do apples cost $1?

And finally, before we dive into the details, let me provide you with the answers to the ultimate question. I recommend you try to guess these answers before reading this, and if you get it wrong, try to understand why:

1. The number of apples bought will go down
2. The buyers will pay more for each apple they buy, but not the full amount of the tariff
3. Domestic apple sellers will receive a higher price per apple
4. Foreign apple sellers will receive a lower price per apple, but not lowered by the full amount of the tariff

In other words, regardless of who sends the payment to the government, both taxed parties (domestic buyers and foreign sellers) will absorb some of the costs of the tariff, while domestic sellers will benefit from the protectionism provided by tariffs and be able to sell at a higher price per unit.

Marginal benefit

All of the numbers discussed below are part of a helper Google Sheet I put together for this analysis. Also, apologies about the jagged lines in the charts below, I hadn’t realized before starting on this that there are some difficulties with creating supply and demand charts in Google Sheets.

Let’s say I absolutely love apples, they’re my favorite food. How much would I be willing to pay for a single apple? You might say “$1, that’s the price in the supermarket,” and in many ways you’d be right. If I walk into supermarket A, see apples on sale for $50, and know that I can buy them at supermarket B for $1, I’ll almost certainly leave A and go buy at B.

But that’s not what I mean. What I mean is: how high would the price of apples have to go everywhere so that I’d no longer be willing to buy a single apple? This is a purely personal, subjective opinion. It’s impacted by how much money I have available, other expenses I need to cover, and how much I like apples. But let’s say the number is $5.

How much would I be willing to pay for another apple? Maybe another $5. But how much am I willing to pay for the 1,000th apple? 10,000th? At some point, I’ll get sick of apples, or run out of space to keep the apples, or not be able to eat, cook, and otherwise preserve all those apples before they rot.

The point being: I’ll be progressively willing to spend less and less money for each apple. This form of analysis is called marginal benefit: how much benefit (expressed as dollars I’m willing to spend) will I receive from each apple? This is a downward sloping function: for each additional apple I buy (quantity demanded), the price I’m willing to pay goes down. This is what gives my personal demand curve. And if we aggregate demand curves across all market participants (meaning: everyone interested in buying apples), we end up with something like this:

Assuming no changes in people’s behavior and other conditions in the market, this chart tells us how many apples will be purchased by our buyers at each price point between $0.50 and $5. And ceteris paribus (all else being equal), this will continue to be the demand curve for apples.

Marginal cost

Demand is half the story of economics. The other half is supply, or: how many apples will I sell at each price point? Supply curves are upward sloping: the higher the price, the more a person or company is willing and able to sell a product.

Let’s understand why. Suppose I have an apple orchard. It’s a large property right next to my house. With about 2 minutes of effort, I can walk out of my house, find the nearest tree, pick 5 apples off the tree, and call it a day. 5 apples for 2 minutes of effort is pretty good, right?

Yes, there was all the effort necessary to buy the land, and plant the trees, and water them… and a bunch more than I likely can’t even guess at. We’re going to ignore all of that for our analysis, because for short-term supply-and-demand movement, we can ignore these kinds of sunk costs. One other simplification: in reality, supply curves often start descending before ascending. This accounts for achieving efficiencies of scale after the first number of units purchased. But since both these topics are unneeded for understanding taxes, I won’t go any further.

Anyway, back to my apple orchard. If someone offers me $0.50 per apple, I can do 2 minutes of effort and get $2.50 in revenue, which equates to a $75/hour wage for me. I’m more than happy to pick apples at that price!

However, let’s say someone comes to buy 10,000 apples from me instead. I no longer just walk out to my nearest tree. I’m going to need to get in my truck, drive around, spend the day in the sun, pay for gas, take a day off of my day job (let’s say it pays me $70/hour). The costs go up significantly. Let’s say it takes 5 days to harvest all those apples myself, it costs me $100 in fuel and other expenses, and I lose out on my $70/hour job for 5 days. We end up with:

• Total expenditure: $100 + $70 * 8 hours a day * 5 days \== $2900
• Total revenue: $5000 (10,000 apples at $0.50 each)
• Total profit: $2100

So I’m still willing to sell the apples at this price, but it’s not as attractive as before. And as the number of apples purchased goes up, my costs keep increasing. I’ll need to spend more money on fuel to travel more of my property. At some point I won’t be able to do the work myself anymore, so I’ll need to pay others to work on the farm, and they’ll be slower at picking apples than me (less familiar with the property, less direct motivation, etc.). The point being: at some point, the number of apples can go high enough that the $0.50 price point no longer makes me any money.

This kind of analysis is called marginal cost. It refers to the additional amount of expenditure a seller has to spend in order to produce each additional unit of the good. Marginal costs go up as quantity sold goes up. And like demand curves, if you aggregate this data across all sellers, you get a supply curve like this:

Equilibrium price

We now know, for every price point, how many apples buyers will purchase, and how many apples sellers will sell. Now we find the equilibrium: where the supply and demand curves meet. This point represents where the marginal benefit a buyer would receive from the next buyer would be less than the cost it would take the next seller to make it. Let’s see it in a chart:

You’ll notice that these two graphs cross at the $1 price point, where 63 apples are both demanded (bought by consumers) and supplied (sold by producers). This is our equilibrium price. We also have a visualization of the surplus created by these trades. Everything to the left of the equilibrium point and between the supply and demand curves represents surplus: an area where someone is receiving something of more value than they give. For example:

• When I bought my first apple for $1, but I was willing to spend $5, I made $4 of consumer surplus. The consumer portion of the surplus is everything to the left of the equilibrium point, between the supply and demand curves, and above the equilibrium price point.
• When a seller sells his first apple for $1, but it only cost $0.50 to produce it, the seller made $0.50 of producer surplus. The producer portion of the surplus is everything to the left of the equilibrium point, between the supply and demand curves, and below the equilibrium price point.

Another way of thinking of surplus is “every time someone got a better price than they would have been willing to take.”

OK, with this in place, we now have enough information to figure out how to price in the tariff, which we’ll treat as a negative externality.

Modeling taxes

Alright, the government has now instituted a $0.50 tariff on every apple sold within the US by a foreign producer. We can generally model taxes by either increasing the marginal cost of each unit sold (shifting the supply curve up), or by decreasing the marginal benefit of each unit bought (shifting the demand curve down). In this case, since only some of the producers will pay the tax, it makes more sense to modify the supply curve.

First, let’s see what happens to the foreign seller-only supply curve when you add in the tariff:

With the tariff in place, for each quantity level, the price at which the seller will sell is $0.50 higher than before the tariff. That makes sense: if I was previously willing to sell my 82nd apple for $3, I would now need to charge $3.50 for that apple to cover the cost of the tariff. We see this as the tariff “pushing up” or “pushing left” the original supply curve.

We can add this new supply curve to our existing (unchanged) supply curve for domestic-only sellers, and we end up with a result like this:

The total supply curve adds up the individual foreign and domestic supply curves. At each price point, we add up the total quantity each group would be willing to sell to determine the total quantity supplied for each price point. Once we have that cumulative supply curve defined, we can produce an updated supply-and-demand chart including the tariff:

As we can see, the equilibrium has shifted:

• The equilibrium price paid by consumers has risen from $1 to $1.20.
• The total number of apples purchased has dropped from 63 apples to 60 apples.
• Consumers therefore received 3 less apples. They spent $72 for these 60 apples, whereas previously they spent $63 for 3 more apples, a definite decrease in consumer surplus.
• Foreign producers sold 36 of those apples (see the raw data in the linked Google Sheet), for a gross revenue of $43.20. However, they also need to pay the tariff to the US government, which accounts for $18, meaning they only receive $25.20 post-tariff. Previously, they sold 42 apples at $1 each with no tariff to be paid, meaning they took home $42.
• Domestic producers sold the remaining 24 apples at $1.20, giving them a revenue of $28.80. Since they don’t pay the tariff, they take home all of that money. By contrast, previously, they sold 21 apples at $1, for a take-home of $21.
• The government receives $0.50 for each of the 60 apples sold, or in other words receives $30 in revenue it wouldn’t have received otherwise.

We could be more specific about the surpluses, and calculate the actual areas for consumer surplus, producer surplus, inefficiency from the tariff, and government revenue from the tariff. But I won’t bother, as those calculations get slightly more involved. Instead, let’s just look at the aggregate outcomes:

• Consumers were unquestionably hurt. Their price paid went up by $0.20 per apple, and received less apples.
• Foreign producers were also hurt. Their price received went down from the original $1 to the new post-tariff price of $1.20, minus the $0.50 tariff. In other words: foreign producers only receive $0.70 per apple now. This hurt can be mitigated by shifting sales to other countries without a tariff, but the pain will exist regardless.
• Domestic producers scored. They can sell less apples and make more revenue doing it.
• And the government walked away with an extra $30.

Hopefully you now see the answer to the original questions. Importantly, while the government imposed a $0.50 tariff, neither side fully absorbed that cost. Consumers paid a bit more, foreign producers received a bit less. The exact details of how that tariff was split across the groups is mediated by the relevant supply and demand curves of each group. If you want to learn more about this, the relevant search term is “price elasticity,” or how much a group’s quantity supplied or demanded will change based on changes in the price.

Other taxes

Most taxes are some kind of a tax on trade. Tariffs on apples is an obvious one. But the same applies to income tax (taxing the worker for the trade of labor for money) or payroll tax (same thing, just taxing the employer instead). Interestingly, you can use the same model for analyzing things like tax incentives. For example, if the government decided to subsidize domestic apple production by giving the domestic producers a $0.50 bonus for each apple they sell, we would end up with a similar kind of analysis, except instead of the foreign supply curve shifting up, we’d see the domestic supply curve shifting down.

And generally speaking, this is what you’ll always see with government involvement in the economy. It will result in disrupting an existing equilibrium, letting the market readjust to a new equilibrium, and incentivization of some behavior, causing some people to benefit and others to lose out. We saw with the apple tariff, domestic producers and the government benefited while others lost.

You can see the reverse though with tax incentives. If I give a tax incentive of providing a deduction (not paying income tax) for preschool, we would end up with:

• Government needs to make up the difference in tax revenue, either by raising taxes on others or printing more money (leading to inflation). Either way, those paying the tax or those holding government debased currency will pay a price.
• Those people who don’t use the preschool deduction will receive no benefit, so they simply pay a cost.
• Those who do use the preschool deduction will end up paying less on tax+preschool than they would have otherwise.

This analysis is fully amoral. It’s not saying whether providing subsidized preschool is a good thing or not, it simply tells you where the costs will be felt, and points out that such government interference in free economic choice does result in inefficiencies in the system. Once you have that knowledge, you’re more well educated on making a decision about whether the costs of government intervention are worth the benefits.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Nakamoto to Headline Bitcoin 2025 as Title Sponsor

Nakamoto Holdings Inc. has been announced as the title sponsor of the Bitcoin 2025 Conference, the world’s largest gathering of Bitcoin enthusiasts, uniting builders, leaders, and believers in the world’s most resilient monetary network. The event will take place May 27-29, 2025, at the Venetian Convention and Expo Center in Las Vegas, Nevada.

This landmark sponsorship follows Nakamoto’s recent merger with KindlyMD, Inc. (NASDAQ: KDLY), a Utah-based healthcare services provider, announced on May 12, 2025. The $710 million transaction, financed through $510 million raised via private placement in public equity (PIPE) at $1.12 per share and $200 million in senior secured convertible notes maturing in 2028, will create a publicly traded company focused on establishing a robust Bitcoin treasury strategy.

David Bailey, founder of BTC Inc. and Nakamoto Holdings, is seeking to bring Bitcoin to the center of global capital markets. The KindlyMD leadership team will attend Bitcoin 2025, highlighting their commitment to this vision.

The Bitcoin 2025 Conference will feature a keynote speech by Nakamoto’s David Bailey on May 28, following U.S. Vice President JD Vance on the main stage. Bailey will also host an X Spaces event today, May 16, at 1:30 PM EST to discuss Nakamoto’s vision and the conference.

Join thousands of Bitcoin enthusiasts in Las Vegas for three days of groundbreaking discussions, networking, and innovation. For tickets and more information, visit www.b.tc/conference/2025.

Disclaimer: The Bitcoin 2025 Conference is owned by BTC Inc., Bitcoin Magazine’s parent company, which is affiliated with Nakamoto Holdings Inc. through common ownership. BTC Inc. also has a contractual relationship with Nakamoto to provide marketing services.

This post Nakamoto to Headline Bitcoin 2025 as Title Sponsor first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Mark Mason.

@ b8af284d:f82c91dd

Liebe Abonnenten,

am Sonntag ging es im Essay „Das AGI-Project” um die geopolitischen Auswirkungen von künstlicher Intelligenz. Die USA und China befinden sich in einem Wettrennen, um die ökonomische und militärische Vorherrschaft. Das folgende Gespräch mit dem Künstler Künstler Snicklink dreht sich die konkreten Auswirkungen von KI auf unser Leben.

Snickling ist bereits zum zweiten Mal bei BlingBling zum Interview. Wer ihn noch nicht kennt, sollte das schnell nachholen. Spätestens seit 2023 ist der KI-Künstler einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit bekannt. Seine Videos sind oft messerscharfe Satire-Kunst, die mittels Collagen und DeepFakes den Irrsinn unserer Zeit auf den Punkt bringen. Hinter Snicklink steckt der Mensch und Berliner Künstler Willy Kramer, der immer wieder auch künstliche Intelligenz und die Zukunft der Menschen zum Thema hat.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThX3b5OSqUg

Willy, ich fand dein letztes Video beeindruckend gerade, weil es mal keine Satire war, sondern einen ernsten Ton hatte. Du sagst darin, dass kreative Arbeit bald vollständig von Künstlicher Intelligenz ersetzt werden könnte. Kannst du das jemandem erklären, der sich wenig mit KI auskennt? Was kommt da auf uns zu und warum?

Das ist eine große Frage. Ich betrachte das aus zwei Perspektiven: einer kreativen und einer gesellschaftlichen. Kreativ gesehen ist KI ein unglaublich mächtiges Werkzeug. Stell dir vor, ich könnte hundert Assistenten engagieren – oder ich nutze KI-Tools, die günstiger, schneller und oft präziser sind. Das ist die praktische Seite. Gesellschaftlich und technologisch geht es um viel mehr als nur Kunst oder einzelne Projekte. KI ist eine Entwicklung, die ich mit der Entdeckung des Feuers oder der Öffnung der Büchse der Pandora vergleiche. Das klingt dramatisch, aber ich übertreibe nicht. Ich beschäftige mich seit zehn Jahren intensiv mit dem Thema. Am Anfang war es spekulativ, und ich hatte kaum Gesprächspartner. Google und ein paar kleinere Firmen fingen gerade an, KI zu erforschen. Ich habe Workshops gegeben, aber viele hielten mich für einen Spinner. Trotzdem war mir klar, wohin das führt.

Vor zehn Jahren habe ich ein Video namens Emphasized Prophecy gemacht: Ein Typ sitzt am Strand, mit einem leeren Schreibtisch und einer kleinen Box, und erstellt per Sprachbefehl eine multimediale Kampagne. Heute, zehn Jahre später, arbeite ich mit einem Setup, das genau das ermöglicht – und noch mehr.

Welche Tools nutzt du konkret? Du bist ja schon tief in der praktischen Anwendung von KI.

Ich bin kein Programmierer, der stundenlang Skripte schreibt, aber ich bin ziemlich involviert. Alles begann so richtig mit dem „ChatGPT-Moment“ vor zweieinhalb Jahren, als plötzlich alle die Möglichkeiten von KI erkannten. Inzwischen nutze ich eine Suite aus etwa 200 verschiedenen Plugins und Services. Früher gab es spezialisierte KI für spezifische Aufgaben, etwa für den Stimmklang oder die „Deutschheit“ einer Stimme. Heute werden die Modelle größer und vielseitiger. Man braucht nur noch ein oder zwei Modelle, die Stimmen, Bilder, Videos und sogar Programmierung abdecken. Bald wird es ein einziges, universelles Modell geben.

Wir befinden uns in einem globalen Wettlauf, vor allem zwischen den USA und China. Jeder will das eine Modell entwickeln, das alle kreativen und administrativen Aufgaben erledigt – ähnlich wie Google damals die Suche revolutionierte.

Welche Benutzeroberfläche oder Tools wie Grok, ChatGPT setzen sich durch?

Jede Plattform hat ihre Stärken. Grok zum Beispiel hat direkten Zugriff auf Social-Media-Daten, was ein Vorteil ist. OpenAI hingegen punktet mit ausgefeilten Denkmodellen. Es ist wie bei einem Basketballteam: Der eine spielt stark in der Verteidigung, der andere wirft präzise Dreier. Für 99 Prozent der Nutzer macht das keinen Unterschied. Ob du mit ChatGPT einen Liebesbrief, einen Finanzamtsbrief oder psychologische Beratung formulierst – die Unterschiede sind marginal. Die Technologie entwickelt sich so rasant, dass wir alle paar Monate völlig neue Möglichkeiten bekommen, die im Alltag direkt nutzbar sind und Dinge ermöglichen, die vorher undenkbar waren.

Du hast erwähnt, dass der nächste Schritt KI-Agenten sein könnten, die untereinander kommunizieren. Kannst du das ausführen?

Stell dir die Digitalisierung wie die Erfindung des Rades vor: Es war ein Fortschritt, aber es waren nur Fahrräder. Jetzt kommt die Dampfmaschine – KI-Agenten sind die nächsten „Fahrzeuge“. Diese Agenten nutzen Sprachbefehle nicht nur, um Antworten zu geben, sondern um komplexe Aufgaben zu lösen: Kampagnen erstellen, Finanzberichte schreiben, Fünfjahrespläne für Patienten basierend auf den besten Forschungspapieren entwickeln. Aktuell braucht man noch Know-how, um die richtigen Anweisungen zu geben. Bald wird das überflüssig, weil KI dein Profil kennt und mit einem einfachen „Go“ alles erledigt – von der Suche nach der nächsten Apotheke bis zur Planung einer Operation.

Heißt das, wir steuern auf eine Überflussgesellschaft zu?

Das ist die Utopie, ja. KI kann eine Welt schaffen, in der es keinen Mangel mehr gibt – alles ist verfügbar, erschwinglich oder sogar kostenlos. Niemand hat mehr materielle oder körperliche Sorgen. Aber das bringt neue Herausforderungen: Wie gehen wir als Menschen damit um? Unsere Gesellschaft definiert Wert über Status, Arbeit, Besitz. Wenn das wegfällt, weil nur noch fünf Prozent der Menschen arbeiten, müssen wir uns neu erfinden. Wir brauchen eine Postleistungsgesellschaft, in der Kreativität, Freundlichkeit oder vielleicht Spiritualität den Ton angeben.

Das klingt nach einem Verteilungsproblem. Muss da nicht massiv umverteilt werden?

Das ganze Interview gibt es hier zu lesen: https://blingbling.substack.com/p/eine-welt-ohne-mangel

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

Federal employees must remove pronouns from email signatures by the end of the day. This directive comes from internal memos tied to two executive orders signed by Donald Trump. The orders target diversity and equity programs within the government.

CDC, Department of Transportation, and Department of Energy employees were affected. Staff were instructed to make changes in line with revised policy prohibiting certain language.

One CDC employee shared frustration, stating, “In my decade-plus years at CDC, I've never been told what I can and can't put in my email signature.” The directive is part of a broader effort to eliminate DEI initiatives from federal discourse.

@ b423e216:3280b1c0

Im digitalen Zeitalter wird der Schutz der Privatsphäre immer wichtiger. Unabhängig davon, ob es sich um eine Regierungsbehörde, ein Unternehmen oder eine Einzelperson handelt, besteht für alle das Risiko, abgehört oder verfolgt zu werden. Mobiltelefone, WLAN, GPS und UHF-Geräte (Ultrahochfrequenz) können zu Werkzeugen für Hacker oder Überwachungsgeräte werden. Um diesen Bedrohungen entgegenzuwirken, sind Signalstörsender (wie etwa Tragbare Handyblocker, WLAN-Störsender, GPS-Störsender und UHF-Störsender) zu einem wirksamen Mittel zum Schutz der Privatsphäre geworden. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Arten von Störsendern erläutert, wie sie funktionieren und wie man sie legal und angemessen einsetzt, um Abhören und Tracking zu verhindern.

---

1. Was ist ein Signalstörsender?

Ein Signalstörsender ist ein elektronisches Gerät, das die Kommunikationssignale eines Zielgeräts durch die Aussendung von Radiowellen einer bestimmten Frequenz stört oder blockiert. Es kann Mobiltelefonanrufe, WLAN-Verbindungen, GPS-Positionierung oder UHF-Signalübertragungen blockieren, um Abhören oder Tracking zu verhindern.

Das Funktionsprinzip eines Störsenders besteht darin, ein Rauschsignal mit hoher Intensität an das Zielfrequenzband zu senden, wodurch es für das empfangende Gerät unmöglich wird, das ursprüngliche Signal richtig zu interpretieren. Beispielsweise blockiert ein Handy-Störsender die Kommunikation zwischen einem Handy und einer Basisstation, sodass mit dem Handy weder Anrufe getätigt noch Textnachrichten empfangen werden können.

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2. Gängige Arten von Signalstörern

(1) Handy-Störsender

Tragbare störsender für handy werden hauptsächlich verwendet, um GSM-, 3G UMTS-, 4G- und 5G-Signale zu blockieren. Es kann verhindern, dass das Telefon überwacht oder geortet wird und eignet sich für die folgenden Szenarien:

• Abhören verhindern: Verhindern Sie, dass das Mikrofon Ihres Telefons während wichtiger Besprechungen oder privater Gespräche aus der Ferne aktiviert wird.
• Anti-Tracking: Blockieren Sie die GPS- und Mobilfunknetzortung, um die Verfolgung durch Malware oder Hacker zu verhindern.
• Prävention von Prüfungsbetrug: Wird in Schulen oder Prüfungssälen verwendet, um zu verhindern, dass Kandidaten mit Mobiltelefonen schummeln.

(2) WLAN-Störsender

WLAN-Störsender können drahtlose Netzwerksignale in den Frequenzbändern 2,4 GHz und 5 GHz blockieren und eignen sich für:

• Hacking verhindern: Blockieren Sie WLAN-Signale in der Nähe, um Datendiebstahl zu verhindern.
• Smart-Home-Geräte schützen: Verhindern Sie die Fernsteuerung von Smart-Kameras, Lautsprechern und anderen Geräten.
• Militärische oder staatliche vertrauliche Bereiche: Verhindern Sie, dass durch drahtlose Signale vertrauliche Informationen preisgegeben werden.

(3) GPS-Störsender

GPS-Störsender können Satellitenpositionierungssignale blockieren, um die Verfolgung von Fahrzeugen oder Mobiltelefonen zu verhindern. Sie eignen sich für:

• Schützen Sie Ihre Privatsphäre: Verhindern Sie, dass Mitfahrdienste, Essenslieferdienste oder Malware Ihren Aufenthaltsort aufzeichnen.
• Militärische Nutzung: Verhindern, dass Drohnen oder Raketen für ihren Angriff auf GPS-Navigation angewiesen sind.
• Anti-Aufklärung: Verhindern Sie Wirtschaftsspionage oder die Verfolgung von Logistikfahrzeugen durch Wettbewerber.

(4) UHF-Störsender

UHF Jammer (Ultra High Frequency) werden hauptsächlich verwendet, um drahtlose Kommunikation im Frequenzband von 300 MHz bis 3 GHz zu blockieren, wie z. B. Walkie-Talkies, drahtlose Mikrofone, RFID usw. und eignen sich für:

• Verhindern Sie drahtloses Abhören: Blockieren Sie drahtlose Abhörgeräte, die von Spionen verwendet werden.
• RFID-Daten schützen: Verhindern Sie das illegale Scannen von Kreditkarten oder Zugangskarten.
• Anti-Drohnen-Störsender: Blockiert die Fernbedienungssignale von Drohnen, um zu verhindern, dass sie sich sensiblen Bereichen nähern.

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3. Wie verwendet man Signalstörsender richtig, um die Privatsphäre zu schützen?

Obwohl Störsender das Abhören und Verfolgen wirksam verhindern können, kann eine unsachgemäße Verwendung gegen das Gesetz verstoßen oder die normale Kommunikation beeinträchtigen. Hier sind einige Vorschläge für den legalen und sinnvollen Einsatz von Störsendern:

(1) Verstehen Sie die örtlichen Gesetze

• In vielen Ländern ist die unbefugte Verwendung von Störsendern illegal und kann zu Geldstrafen oder strafrechtlichen Konsequenzen führen.
• Nur zur Verwendung im privaten Bereich oder dort, wo dies gesetzlich zulässig ist, z. B. beim Militär, in der Regierung oder bei der Unternehmenssicherheit.

(2) Wählen Sie den entsprechenden Störbereich

• WLAN Signal Blocker mit geringer Leistung eignen sich für kleine Besprechungsräume oder Fahrzeuge, um die Kommunikation in der Umgebung nicht zu beeinträchtigen.
• In großen Veranstaltungsorten können Störsender mit hoher Leistung eingesetzt werden, dabei ist jedoch Vorsicht geboten, um die öffentliche Kommunikation nicht zu stören.

(3) Kombiniert mit anderen Sicherheitsmaßnahmen

• Störsender sind nur eine vorübergehende Lösung. Für einen langfristigen Schutz der Privatsphäre ist die Verwendung verschlüsselter Kommunikation, VPNs, Abhörgeräte usw. erforderlich.

(4) Regelmäßige Überprüfung der Ausrüstung

• Störsender können aufgrund von Änderungen der Signalstärke unwirksam werden und müssen regelmäßig getestet und angepasst werden.

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4. Einschränkungen von Störsendern

Obwohl Störsender Signale wirksam blockieren können, unterliegen sie dennoch einigen Einschränkungen:

• Verhindert kein kabelgebundenes Abhören: Störsender wirken nur gegen drahtlose Signale und schützen nicht vor physischen Abhörgeräten (wie versteckten Mikrofonen).
• Kann legitime Kommunikation beeinträchtigen: Störsender blockieren wahllos Signale, was Notrufe oder die normale WLAN-Nutzung beeinträchtigen kann.
• Kann durch Anti-Jamming-Technologie geknackt werden: Einige fortschrittliche Geräte verwenden möglicherweise Frequenzsprungtechnologie (z. B. militärische Kommunikation), die von gewöhnlichen Störsendern nur schwer vollständig blockiert werden kann.

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5. Alternativen: Sicherere Methoden zum Schutz der Privatsphäre

Wenn der Einsatz von Auto GPS Tracker Störsender eingeschränkt ist, ziehen Sie die folgenden Alternativen in Betracht:

• Verwenden Sie einen Faradayschen Käfig: Eine metallische Abschirmhülle oder ein Raum, der drahtlose Signale vollständig blockiert.
• Flugmodus aktivieren: Durch das Ausschalten der drahtlosen Mobiltelefonkommunikation wird die Fernaktivierung des Mikrofons verhindert.
• Verwenden Sie verschlüsselte Kommunikationstools: z. B. Anwendungen mit End-to-End-Verschlüsselung wie Signal, ProtonMail usw.

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abschließend

Ein Signalstörsender ist ein leistungsstarkes Tool zum Schutz der Privatsphäre, das das Abhören von Mobiltelefonen, WLAN-Hacking, GPS-Tracking und UHF-Überwachung wirksam verhindern kann. Allerdings ist die Verwendung gesetzlich eingeschränkt und sollte mit Vorsicht verwendet werden. Durch die Kombination von Störsendern mit anderen Sicherheitsmaßnahmen (wie verschlüsselter Kommunikation und physischer Abschirmung) kann die Privatsphäre im Rahmen des gesetzlich Gegebenen weitestgehend vor Verletzungen geschützt werden. Mit der Entwicklung von Technologien zum Abhören von Störsendern könnten diese in Zukunft intelligenter und präziser werden und sich zu einem wichtigen Mittel zum Schutz der Privatsphäre entwickeln.

1. https://www.signaljammerphone.com/de/echte-gefahren-durch-versteckte-kameras-und-ein-leitfaden-zur-abwehr.html
2. https://www.signaljammerphone.com/de/J-DR6-leistungsstarker-tragbare-rucksack-drohnen-fernsteuerungs-stoerer-300W.html
3. https://www.signaljammerphone.com/de/wie-kann-man-funkwellen-wirksam-blockieren-funkwellenabschirmung-und-stoertechnologie.html

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

There was a slight dust up recently over a website someone runs removing a listing for an app someone built based on entirely arbitrary criteria. I'm not to going to attempt to speak for either wounded party, but I would like to share my own personal definition for what constitutes a "nostr app" in an effort to help clarify what might be an otherwise confusing and opaque purity test.

In this post, I will be committing the "no true Scotsman" fallacy, in which I start with the most liberal definition I can come up with, and gradually refine it until all that is left is the purest, gleamingest, most imaginary and unattainable nostr app imaginable. As I write this, I wonder if anything built yet will actually qualify. In any case, here we go.

It uses nostr

The lowest bar for what a "nostr app" might be is an app ("application" - i.e. software, not necessarily a native app of any kind) that has some nostr-specific code in it, but which doesn't take any advantage of what makes nostr distinctive as a protocol.

Examples might include a scraper of some kind which fulfills its charter by fetching data from relays (regardless of whether it validates or retains signatures). Another might be a regular web 2.0 app which provides an option to "log in with nostr" by requesting and storing the user's public key.

In either case, the fact that nostr is involved is entirely neutral. A scraper can scrape html, pdfs, jsonl, whatever data source - nostr relays are just another target. Likewise, a user's key in this scenario is treated merely as an opaque identifier, with no appreciation for the super powers it brings along.

In most cases, this kind of app only exists as a marketing ploy, or less cynically, because it wants to get in on the hype of being a "nostr app", without the developer quite understanding what that means, or having the budget to execute properly on the claim.

It leverages nostr

Some of you might be wondering, "isn't 'leverage' a synonym for 'use'?" And you would be right, but for one connotative difference. It's possible to "use" something improperly, but by definition leverage gives you a mechanical advantage that you wouldn't otherwise have. This is the second category of "nostr app".

This kind of app gets some benefit out of the nostr protocol and network, but in an entirely selfish fashion. The intention of this kind of app is not to augment the nostr network, but to augment its own UX by borrowing some nifty thing from the protocol without really contributing anything back.

Some examples might include:

• Using nostr signers to encrypt or sign data, and then store that data on a proprietary server.
• Using nostr relays as a kind of low-code backend, but using proprietary event payloads.
• Using nostr event kinds to represent data (why), but not leveraging the trustlessness that buys you.

An application in this category might even communicate to its users via nostr DMs - but this doesn't make it a "nostr app" any more than a website that emails you hot deals on herbal supplements is an "email app". These apps are purely parasitic on the nostr ecosystem.

In the long-term, that's not necessarily a bad thing. Email's ubiquity is self-reinforcing. But in the short term, this kind of "nostr app" can actually do damage to nostr's reputation by over-promising and under-delivering.

It complements nostr

Next up, we have apps that get some benefit out of nostr as above, but give back by providing a unique value proposition to nostr users as nostr users. This is a bit of a fine distinction, but for me this category is for apps which focus on solving problems that nostr isn't good at solving, leaving the nostr integration in a secondary or supporting role.

One example of this kind of app was Mutiny (RIP), which not only allowed users to sign in with nostr, but also pulled those users' social graphs so that users could send money to people they knew and trusted. Mutiny was doing a great job of leveraging nostr, as well as providing value to users with nostr identities - but it was still primarily a bitcoin wallet, not a "nostr app" in the purest sense.

Other examples are things like Nostr Nests and Zap.stream, whose core value proposition is streaming video or audio content. Both make great use of nostr identities, data formats, and relays, but they're primarily streaming apps. A good litmus test for things like this is: if you got rid of nostr, would it be the same product (even if inferior in certain ways)?

A similar category is infrastructure providers that benefit nostr by their existence (and may in fact be targeted explicitly at nostr users), but do things in a centralized, old-web way; for example: media hosts, DNS registrars, hosting providers, and CDNs.

To be clear here, I'm not casting aspersions (I don't even know what those are, or where to buy them). All the apps mentioned above use nostr to great effect, and are a real benefit to nostr users. But they are not True Scotsmen.

It embodies nostr

Ok, here we go. This is the crème de la crème, the top du top, the meilleur du meilleur, the bee's knees. The purest, holiest, most chaste category of nostr app out there. The apps which are, indeed, nostr indigitate.

This category of nostr app (see, no quotes this time) can be defined by the converse of the previous category. If nostr was removed from this type of application, would it be impossible to create the same product?

To tease this apart a bit, apps that leverage the technical aspects of nostr are dependent on nostr the protocol, while apps that benefit nostr exclusively via network effect are integrated into nostr the network. An app that does both things is working in symbiosis with nostr as a whole.

An app that embraces both nostr's protocol and its network becomes an organic extension of every other nostr app out there, multiplying both its competitive moat and its contribution to the ecosystem:

• In contrast to apps that only borrow from nostr on the technical level but continue to operate in their own silos, an application integrated into the nostr network comes pre-packaged with existing users, and is able to provide more value to those users because of other nostr products. On nostr, it's a good thing to advertise your competitors.
• In contrast to apps that only market themselves to nostr users without building out a deep integration on the protocol level, a deeply integrated app becomes an asset to every other nostr app by becoming an organic extension of them through interoperability. This results in increased traffic to the app as other developers and users refer people to it instead of solving their problem on their own. This is the "micro-apps" utopia we've all been waiting for.

Credible exit doesn't matter if there aren't alternative services. Interoperability is pointless if other applications don't offer something your app doesn't. Marketing to nostr users doesn't matter if you don't augment their agency as nostr users.

If I had to choose a single NIP that represents the mindset behind this kind of app, it would be NIP 89 A.K.A. "Recommended Application Handlers", which states:

Nostr's discoverability and transparent event interaction is one of its most interesting/novel mechanics. This NIP provides a simple way for clients to discover applications that handle events of a specific kind to ensure smooth cross-client and cross-kind interactions.

These handlers are the glue that holds nostr apps together. A single event, signed by the developer of an application (or by the application's own account) tells anyone who wants to know 1. what event kinds the app supports, 2. how to link to the app (if it's a client), and (if the pubkey also publishes a kind 10002), 3. which relays the app prefers.

As a sidenote, NIP 89 is currently focused more on clients, leaving DVMs, relays, signers, etc somewhat out in the cold. Updating 89 to include tailored listings for each kind of supporting app would be a huge improvement to the protocol. This, plus a good front end for navigating these listings (sorry nostrapp.link, close but no cigar) would obviate the evil centralized websites that curate apps based on arbitrary criteria.

Examples of this kind of app obviously include many kind 1 clients, as well as clients that attempt to bring the benefits of the nostr protocol and network to new use cases - whether long form content, video, image posts, music, emojis, recipes, project management, or any other "content type".

To drill down into one example, let's think for a moment about forms. What's so great about a forms app that is built on nostr? Well,

• There is a spec for forms and responses, which means that...
• Multiple clients can implement the same data format, allowing for credible exit and user choice, even of...
• Other products not focused on forms, which can still view, respond to, or embed forms, and which can send their users via NIP 89 to a client that does...
• Cryptographically sign forms and responses, which means they are self-authenticating and can be sent to...
• Multiple relays, which reduces the amount of trust necessary to be confident results haven't been deliberately "lost".

Show me a forms product that does all of those things, and isn't built on nostr. You can't, because it doesn't exist. Meanwhile, there are plenty of image hosts with APIs, streaming services, and bitcoin wallets which have basically the same levels of censorship resistance, interoperability, and network effect as if they weren't built on nostr.

It supports nostr

Notice I haven't said anything about whether relays, signers, blossom servers, software libraries, DVMs, and the accumulated addenda of the nostr ecosystem are nostr apps. Well, they are (usually).

This is the category of nostr app that gets none of the credit for doing all of the work. There's no question that they qualify as beautiful nostrcorns, because their value propositions are entirely meaningless outside of the context of nostr. Who needs a signer if you don't have a cryptographic identity you need to protect? DVMs are literally impossible to use without relays. How are you going to find the blossom server that will serve a given hash if you don't know which servers the publishing user has selected to store their content?

In addition to being entirely contextualized by nostr architecture, this type of nostr app is valuable because it does things "the nostr way". By that I mean that they don't simply try to replicate existing internet functionality into a nostr context; instead, they create entirely new ways of putting the basic building blocks of the internet back together.

A great example of this is how Nostr Connect, Nostr Wallet Connect, and DVMs all use relays as brokers, which allows service providers to avoid having to accept incoming network connections. This opens up really interesting possibilities all on its own.

So while I might hesitate to call many of these things "apps", they are certainly "nostr".

Appendix: it smells like a NINO

So, let's say you've created an app, but when you show it to people they politely smile, nod, and call it a NINO (Nostr In Name Only). What's a hacker to do? Well, here's your handy-dandy guide on how to wash that NINO stench off and Become a Nostr.

You app might be a NINO if:

• There's no NIP for your data format (or you're abusing NIP 78, 32, etc by inventing a sub-protocol inside an existing event kind)
• There's a NIP, but no one knows about it because it's in a text file on your hard drive (or buried in your project's repository)
• Your NIP imposes an incompatible/centralized/legacy web paradigm onto nostr
• Your NIP relies on trusted third (or first) parties
• There's only one implementation of your NIP (yours)
• Your core value proposition doesn't depend on relays, events, or nostr identities
• One or more relay urls are hard-coded into the source code
• Your app depends on a specific relay implementation to work (ahem, relay29)
• You don't validate event signatures
• You don't publish events to relays you don't control
• You don't read events from relays you don't control
• You use legacy web services to solve problems, rather than nostr-native solutions
• You use nostr-native solutions, but you've hardcoded their pubkeys or URLs into your app
• You don't use NIP 89 to discover clients and services
• You haven't published a NIP 89 listing for your app
• You don't leverage your users' web of trust for filtering out spam
• You don't respect your users' mute lists
• You try to "own" your users' data

Now let me just re-iterate - it's ok to be a NINO. We need NINOs, because nostr can't (and shouldn't) tackle every problem. You just need to decide whether your app, as a NINO, is actually contributing to the nostr ecosystem, or whether you're just using buzzwords to whitewash a legacy web software product.

If you're in the former camp, great! If you're in the latter, what are you waiting for? Only you can fix your NINO problem. And there are lots of ways to do this, depending on your own unique situation:

• Drop nostr support if it's not doing anyone any good. If you want to build a normal company and make some money, that's perfectly fine.
• Build out your nostr integration - start taking advantage of webs of trust, self-authenticating data, event handlers, etc.
• Work around the problem. Think you need a special relay feature for your app to work? Guess again. Consider encryption, AUTH, DVMs, or better data formats.
• Think your idea is a good one? Talk to other devs or open a PR to the nips repo. No one can adopt your NIP if they don't know about it.
• Keep going. It can sometimes be hard to distinguish a research project from a NINO. New ideas have to be built out before they can be fully appreciated.
• Listen to advice. Nostr developers are friendly and happy to help. If you're not sure why you're getting traction, ask!

I sincerely hope this article is useful for all of you out there in NINO land. Maybe this made you feel better about not passing the totally optional nostr app purity test. Or maybe it gave you some actionable next steps towards making a great NINON (Nostr In Not Only Name) app. In either case, GM and PV.

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

"Degeneration" or "Вырождение" ![[photo_2025-01-29 23.23.15.jpeg]]

A once-functional object, now eroded by time and human intervention, stripped of its original purpose. Layers of presence accumulate—marks, alterations, traces of intent—until the very essence is obscured. Restoration is paradoxical: to reclaim, one must erase. Yet erasure is an impossibility, for to remove these imprints is to deny the existence of those who shaped them.

The work stands as a meditation on entropy, memory, and the irreversible dialogue between creation and decay.

@ 94215f42:7681f622

Value Creation at the Edge

The conversation around artificial intelligence has largely centered on the technology itself, the capabilities of large language models, the race for more parameters, and the competition between AI companies.

He with the most data / biggest model / biggest platform wins all.

As we're been exploring in recent "Good Stuff" podcasts, the true business model of AI may be much more straightforward. AI is after all a productivity tool with little technical moat, in fact the existence of AI coding and learning tools quickly chop away at this moat even quicker!.\ \ We believe that the it's about transforming traditional human heavy businesses by dramatically reducing operational costs while maintaining or increasing output.

AI is poised to create value not primarily for AI companies themselves, but for businesses that effectively implement AI to transform their operations, particularly small, local businesses that can become extraordinarily efficient through AI adoption.

The Value Shift: From AI Companies to AI-Enabled Traditional Businesses

A central insight from episode 1 of the podcast series, is that the value of AI isn't likely to accrue primarily to companies like OpenAI or other AI technology providers. Instead, the real winners will be traditional service businesses that can leverage AI to transform their operations and cost structures.

"I think we're gonna see this shift to traditional service businesses... that traditionally have pretty fixed low margins because of a dependency on language-heavy workflows that require a lot of humans as the medium of intelligence in the business."

The opportunity here is to use AI to manage the language dependency and shift the moments of intelligence, that currently exist in the heads of our staff, into software that can run 24x7 for fractions of a cost.\ \ The real limiting factor here is less a magic AGI, but instead detailed thinking and process redesign to move humans to the edge of the process. As it turns out if we think through what each person is doing in detail we see the specific decisions, outputs, moments of intelligence are actually quite constrained and can be replicated in LLM's if we break them down to a low enough level of fidelity and take each decisions one step at a time.\ \ The result? Businesses that have traditionally operated with fixed, low margins can potentially achieve "software-style margins" by dramatically reducing their operational expenses.

Transforming Traditional Service Businesses

We have developed three key heuristics for identifying businesses that could benefit most from AI transformation:

1. Language Intensity: Businesses where much of the work involves processing language (reading, writing, communicating). Language in, language out. If you are sat in a chair and typing all day, this could be you.

2. Labor Component: Where we see this language intensity so we find many people performing similar, standardized roles. For examples, if we have four people in the same role this is a big clue we have good process, checklists, role descriptions etc for how the work can be done in order to replicate work across multiple people.

3. Load in the Business: Taking these processes into account, what amount of the operational expense of the business do they represent? Where these language and labor-intensive operations represent a significant portion of the business cost, we can see there will be significant return.

Traditional service businesses that match these criteria—legal firms, accounting practices, consulting agencies, contract engineering, design agencies and others—could see dramatic transformations through AI implementation.

By automating these language-heavy processes, businesses can potentially reduce operational costs by 50-80% while maintaining similar levels of output.

The Power of Small

We believe that small businesses may have an inherent advantage in this transformation. While large enterprises face significant barriers to reducing their workforce (political pressure, media scrutiny, organizational complexity), smaller businesses can adapt more quickly and focus on growth rather than just cost-cutting.

If I'm in a 20,000 person business and I need to remove 10,000 people... that's hard. You can't do this without sending political shock waves in your local community.

If I'm a 10 person business and I need to double my revenue, nobody gives a shit. I can just do it.

For small businesses, AI removes growth constraints. When adding the "21st person" no longer represents a significant capital investment, small businesses can scale much more efficiently:

If the next nominal client that you onboard doesn't actually cause you any more additional pain, if you don't need to hire more people to service that client... you just take off the brakes off from a growth perspective.

This gives small business a unique advantage in capitalizing on AI.

From "Bionic Humans" to "Humans at the Edge"

We currently see this integration to business happening in one of two models:

1. The Bionic Human: Equipping workers with AI tools to make them more productive.

2. Human at the Edge: Redesigning processes to be AI-native, with humans entering the process only when needed (and often facilitated by bitcoin payments).

While many businesses are focused on the first approach and it can certainly see returns, it is still a process constrained by the human input. The real value unlock comes from fundamentally redesigning business processes with AI at the core.

Now we can purchase intelligence in buckets of $0.02 API calls, how would we operate different?

This represents a profound shift in how we think about work and processes. Rather than humans being central to processes with tools supporting them, AI becomes the backbone of operations with humans providing input only at critical junctures.

This is "a complete mental shift" that challenges our fundamental assumptions about how businesses operate. The human becomes "the interface with the real world" for AI systems rather than the primary processor of information and decision-maker.

The Value Trap: Understanding the Competitive Dynamic

So what happens next? Here we have developed the concept of the Value Trap to explain how the competitive landscape will evolve as AI adoption increases..\ \

Initially, early adopters of AI and "Human at the Edge" business processes, will see dramatic benefits.

If your costs have dropped from 90 to 20 this creates an immediate competitive advantage where the early adopter is "now making 80 units of profit versus your 10 units of profit.

They gain massive pricing power in the industry and can compete for growth with an unfair advantage.

Over time, and here we believe this is likely a 5-10 year period although we believe the quicker side, competitive pressures will erode these advantages.\ \ As competitors adopt similar AI strategies, price competition will intensify, and revenues will decline. The business that initially saw its costs drop from 90 to 20 units might see its revenue decline from 100 to 30 units, resulting in similar margins but much lower overall revenue, often destroying the enterprise value of the company at these new revenue / profit levels!

This evolution creates an imperative for businesses to adopt AI early, not just to maintain perpetual advantage, but simply to survive the transition. Worse they're hit with a second challenge of the value trap, how do I keep hold of the value I generate along the way.\ \ If you're reading this on Nostr you may already suspect a way out of this value trap.\ \ If not I would invite you to consider storing the immediate short term returns you pull forwards in something that would be inflation resistant, hard to seize and ideally portable.\ \ We refer to this as a 'The big orange arbitrage".

Implications for Business Owners and Capital Allocators

For business owners, especially those running small to medium-sized enterprises, the message is clear: understand how AI could transform your industry and begin planning your transition now.\ \ This might involve creating an "AI-native twin" of your current business—similar to how Netflix developed streaming alongside its DVD business—to eventually replace your current operations. If you want help please ask, I heavily favor more small businesses in the world and would love to help make this a reality.

For capital allocation, the emerging opportunity we see if in "transformation led private equity". The acquisition of traditional service businesses and applying AI to dramatically reduce operational costs and increase enterprise value.\ \ This approach treats AI not as a product but as a transformation strategy for existing businesses with proven product-market fit.

Transformation led PE is venture style returns without the risk of product market fit.

So the lesson?

The business model of AI isn't all about selling AI technology, adding a RAG chatbot to a new DB or collecting everyone's data.\ \ Consider the humble cash flow business, use AI to transform the operational processes and save into everyone's favorite orange coin.

@ f4db5270:3c74e0d0

Hi Art lover! 🎨🫂💜

You may not know it yet but all of the following paintings are available in #Bitcoin on my website: <https://isolabellart.carrd.co/>

For info and prices write to me in DM and we will find a good deal! 🤝

THE QUIET ROOM 50x40cm, Oil on board - Completed May 8, 2025

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OLTRE LA NEBBIA 50x40cm, Oil on board - Completed April 18, 2025

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TO THE LAST LIGHT 50x40cm, Oil on board - Completed April 5, 2025

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BLINDING SUNSET 40x40cm, Oil on board - Completed March 18, 2025

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ECHI DEL TEMPO PERDUTO 40x40cm, Oil on board - Completed March 09, 2025

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EVANESCENZE 40x40cm, Oil on board - Completed February 11, 2025

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OLTRE LA STACCIONATA 50x40cm, Oil on board - Completed February 8, 2025

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LONELY WINDMILL 50x40cm, Oil on board - Completed January 30, 2025

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ON THE ROAD AGAIN 40x50cm, Oil on canvas - Completed January 23, 2025

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SUN OF JANUARY 40x50cm, Oil on canvas - Completed January 14, 2025

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THE BLUE HOUR 40x50cm, Oil on canvas - Completed December 14, 2024

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WHERE WINTER WHISPERS 50x40cm, Oil on canvas - Completed November 07, 2024

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L'ATTESA DI UN MOMENTO 40x40cm, Oil on canvas - Completed October 29, 2024

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LE COSE CHE PENSANO 40x50cm, Oil on paper - Completed October 05, 2024

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TWILIGHT'S RIVER 50x40cm, Oil on canvas - Completed September 17, 2024

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GOLD ON THE OCEAN 40x50cm, Oil on paper - Completed September 08, 2024

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SUSSURRI DI CIELO E MARE 50x40cm, Oil on paper - Completed September 05, 2024

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THE END OF A WONDERFUL WEEKEND 40x30cm, Oil on board - Completed August 12, 2024

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FIAMME NEL CIELO 60x35cm, Oil on board - Completed July 28, 2024

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INIZIO D'ESTATE 50x40cm, Oil on cradled wood panel Completed July 13, 2024

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OMBRE DELLA SERA 50x40cm, Oil on cradled wood panel - Completed June 16, 2024

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NEW ZEALAND SUNSET 80x60cm, Oil on canvas board - Completed May 28, 2024

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VENICE 50x40cm, Oil on board - Completed May 4, 2024

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CORNWALL 50x40cm, Oil on board - Completed April 26, 2024

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DOCKS ON SUNSET 40x19,5cm, Oil on board Completed March 14, 2024

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SOLITUDE 30x30cm, Oil on cradled wood panel - Completed March 2, 2024

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LULLING WAVES 40x30cm, Oil on cradled wood panel - Completed January 14, 2024

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MULATTIERA IN AUTUNNO 30x30cm, Oil on cradled wood panel - Completed November 23, 2023

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TRAMONTO A KOS 40x40cm, oil on board canvas - Completed November 7, 2023

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HIDDEN SMILE 40x40cm, oil on board - Completed September 28, 2023

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INIZIO D'AUTUNNO 40x40cm, oil on canvas - Completed September 23, 2023

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BOE NEL LAGO 30x30cm, oil on canvas board - Completed August 15, 2023

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BARCHE A RIPOSO 40x40cm, oil on canvas board - Completed July 25, 2023

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IL RISVEGLIO 30x40cm, oil on canvas board - Completed July 18, 2023

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LA QUIETE PRIMA DELLA TEMPESTA 30x40cm, oil on canvas board - Completed March 30, 2023

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LAMPIONE SUL LAGO 30x30cm, oil on canvas board - Completed March 05, 2023

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DUE NELLA NEVE 60x25cm, oil on board - Completed February 4, 2023

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UNA CAREZZA 30x30cm, oil on canvas board - Completed January 17, 2023

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REBEL WAVES 44x32cm, oil on canvas board

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THE SCREAMING WAVE 40x30cm, oil on canvas board

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"LA DONZELLETTA VIEN DALLA CAMPAGNA..." 30x40cm, oil on canvas board

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LIGHTHOUSE ON WHITE CLIFF 30x40cm, oil on canvas board

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

Lyn Alden - биткойн евангелист или евангелистка, я пока не понял npub1a2cww4kn9wqte4ry70vyfwqyqvpswksna27rtxd8vty6c74era8sdcw83a

Thomas Pacchia - PubKey owner - X - @tpacchia npub1xy6exlg37pw84cpyj05c2pdgv86hr25cxn0g7aa8g8a6v97mhduqeuhgpl

calvadev - Shopstr npub16dhgpql60vmd4mnydjut87vla23a38j689jssaqlqqlzrtqtd0kqex0nkq

Calle - Cashu founder npub12rv5lskctqxxs2c8rf2zlzc7xx3qpvzs3w4etgemauy9thegr43sf485vg

Джек Дорси npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m

21 ideas npub1lm3f47nzyf0rjp6fsl4qlnkmzed4uj4h2gnf2vhe3l3mrj85vqks6z3c7l

Много адресов. Хз кто надо сортировать https://github.com/aitechguy/nostr-address-book

ФиатДжеф - создатель Ностр - https://github.com/fiatjaf npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6

EVAN KALOUDIS Zues wallet npub19kv88vjm7tw6v9qksn2y6h4hdt6e79nh3zjcud36k9n3lmlwsleqwte2qd

Программер Коди https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay npub1syjmjy0dp62dhccq3g97fr87tngvpvzey08llyt6ul58m2zqpzps9wf6wl

Anna Chekhovich - Managing Bitcoin at The Anti-Corruption Foundation https://x.com/AnyaChekhovich npub1y2st7rp54277hyd2usw6shy3kxprnmpvhkezmldp7vhl7hp920aq9cfyr7

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

![[yedinaya-rossiya-bear.png]]

1️⃣ Be where the bear roams. Stay in its territory, where it hunts for food. No point setting a trap in your backyard if the bear’s chilling in the forest.

2️⃣ Set a well-hidden trap. Bury it, disguise it, and place the bait right in the center. Bears are omnivores—just like secret police KGB agents. And what’s the tastiest bait for them? Money.

3️⃣ Wait for the bear to take the bait. When it reaches in, the trap will snap shut around its paw. It’ll be alive, but stuck. No escape.

Now, what you do with a trapped bear is another question... 😏

@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

₍ ･ᴗ･ ₎ ₍ ･ᴗ･ ₎₍ ･ᴗ･ ₎

@ eab58da0:eebdafbf

By Unknownfx

We all have those moments when everything feels like it’s falling apart. For me, one terrible hour last spring became a turning point, teaching me how to flip stress into strength. It wasn’t easy, but it showed me that even our worst moments can lead to breakthroughs. Here’s my story and how you can turn your tough hours around.

The Hour It All Crashed It was a Thursday morning, and I was already stretched thin. I’d overslept, missed a work deadline, and got a curt email from my boss. Then, my phone buzzed with bad news: a close friend was moving away. By 10 a.m., I was sitting at my kitchen table, heart racing, feeling like a failure. My mind spiraled—why couldn’t I get it together? I was ready to call it a day and hide under my covers. But something in me refused to give up. I decided to face the chaos instead of running from it.

The Turnaround: Three Simple Steps I didn’t have a grand plan, but I tried three things that shifted everything. First, I breathed—deep, slow breaths for a minute to calm my racing heart. Second, I grabbed a piece of paper and wrote down what was overwhelming me: the deadline, the email, my friend’s news. Seeing it on paper made it less monstrous. Third, I picked one small action: I emailed my boss an honest apology and a plan to fix the missed deadline. It wasn’t perfect, but it was a start. Those steps—breathe, write, act—took less than 15 minutes but gave me a sense of control.

From Breakdown to Breakthrough That hour didn’t magically fix everything, but it changed my perspective. By noon, I’d tackled the deadline and called my friend to plan a goodbye hangout. More than that, I felt proud. I’d taken a moment that could’ve crushed me and turned it into proof I could handle hard things. Later, I reflected on why it worked: the breathing grounded me, writing clarified my thoughts, and acting gave me momentum. I started using this approach whenever stress hit. For instance, when anxiety flared before a big presentation, I used the same steps and ended up nailing it. My mental health grew stronger because I learned to see tough moments as opportunities, not endings.

Why It Matters This experience taught me that our worst hours don’t define us—how we respond does. You don’t need to be a superhero; you just need a few tools to shift the moment. Those three steps are like a mental first-aid kit, always there when life gets messy. They’ve helped me build resilience, and I lean on them to stay steady. It’s not about avoiding stress; it’s about moving through it with purpose. I’ve shared this with others, and they’ve turned their own bad hours into wins, too.

Make Your Moment Count Your next tough hour could be your best if you choose to act. Try my three steps: breathe, write, do one small thing. It’s not about fixing everything—it’s about starting. What’s a moment you turned around? How do you pull yourself out of a rough patch? Drop a comment or share your story in a note. Let’s lift each other up and make our worst hours the start of something great!

Thanks for reading. Much love, Unknownfx

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

The land that belongs to the indigenous peoples of Russia has been seized by a gang of killers who have unleashed a war of extermination. They wipe out anyone who refuses to conform to their rules. Those who disagree and stay behind are tortured and killed in prisons and labor camps. Those who flee lose their homeland, dissolve into foreign cultures, and fade away. And those who stand up to protect their people are attacked by the misled and deceived. The deceived die for the unchecked greed of a single dictator—thousands from both sides, people who just wanted to live, raise their kids, and build a future.

Now, they are forced to make an impossible choice: abandon their homeland or die. Some perish on the battlefield, others lose themselves in exile, stripped of their identity, scattered in a world that isn’t theirs.

There’s been endless debate about how to fix this, how to clear the field of the weeds that choke out every new sprout, every attempt at change. But the real problem? We can’t play by their rules. We can’t speak their language or use their weapons. We stand for humanity, and no matter how righteous our cause, we will not multiply suffering. Victory doesn’t come from matching the enemy—it comes from staying ahead, from using tools they haven’t mastered yet. That’s how wars are won.

Our only resource is the will of the people to rewrite the order of things. Historian Timothy Snyder once said that a nation cannot exist without a city. A city is where the most active part of a nation thrives. But the cities are occupied. The streets are watched. Gatherings are impossible. They control the money. They control the mail. They control the media. And any dissent is crushed before it can take root.

So I started asking myself: How do we stop this fragmentation? How do we create a space where people can rebuild their connections when they’re ready? How do we build a self-sustaining network, where everyone contributes and benefits proportionally, while keeping their freedom to leave intact? And more importantly—how do we make it spread, even in occupied territory?

In 2009, something historic happened: the internet got its own money. Thanks to Satoshi Nakamoto, the world took a massive leap forward. Bitcoin and decentralized ledgers shattered the idea that money must be controlled by the state. Now, to move or store value, all you need is an address and a key. A tiny string of text, easy to carry, impossible to seize.

That was the year money broke free. The state lost its grip. Its biggest weapon—physical currency—became irrelevant. Money became purely digital.

The internet was already a sanctuary for information, a place where people could connect and organize. But with Bitcoin, it evolved. Now, value itself could flow freely, beyond the reach of authorities.

Think about it: when seedlings are grown in controlled environments before being planted outside, they get stronger, survive longer, and bear fruit faster. That’s how we handle crops in harsh climates—nurture them until they’re ready for the wild.

Now, picture the internet as that controlled environment for ideas. Bitcoin? It’s the fertile soil that lets them grow. A testing ground for new models of interaction, where concepts can take root before they move into the real world. If nation-states are a battlefield, locked in a brutal war for territory, the internet is boundless. It can absorb any number of ideas, any number of people, and it doesn’t run out of space.

But for this ecosystem to thrive, people need safe ways to communicate, to share ideas, to build something real—without surveillance, without censorship, without the constant fear of being erased.

This is where Nostr comes in.

Nostr—"Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays"—is more than just a messaging protocol. It’s a new kind of city. One that no dictator can seize, no corporation can own, no government can shut down.

It’s built on decentralization, encryption, and individual control. Messages don’t pass through central servers—they are relayed through independent nodes, and users choose which ones to trust. There’s no master switch to shut it all down. Every person owns their identity, their data, their connections. And no one—no state, no tech giant, no algorithm—can silence them.

In a world where cities fall and governments fail, Nostr is a city that cannot be occupied. A place for ideas, for networks, for freedom. A city that grows stronger the more people build within it.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Payjoin allows the sender and receiver of an on-chain payment to collaborate and create a transaction that breaks on-chain heuristics, allowing a more private transaction with ambiguous payment amount and UTXO ownership. Additionally, it can also be used for UTXO consolidation (receiver saves future fees) and batching payments (receiver can make payment(s) of their own in the process of receiving one), also known as transaction cut-through. Other than improved privacy, the rest of the benefits are typically applicable to the receiver, not the sender.

BIP-78 was the original payjoin protocol that required the receiver to run a endpoint/server (always online) in order to mediate the payjoin process. Payjoin adoption has remained pretty low, something attributed to the server & perpetual online-ness requirement. This is the motivation for payjoin v2.

The purpose of the one-pager is to analyse the protocol, and highlight the UX issues or tradeoffs it entails, so that the payjoin user flows can be appropriately designed and the tradeoffs likewise communicated. A further document on UX solutions might be needed to identify solutions and opportunities

The following observations are generally limited to individual users transacting through their mobile devices:

While users naturally want better privacy and fee-savings, they also want to minimise friction and minimise (optimise) payment time. These are universal and more immediate needs since they deal with the user experience.

Added manual steps

TL;DR v2 payjoin eliminates server & simultaneous user-liveness requirements (increasing TAM, and opportunities to payjoin, as a result) by adding manual steps.

Usually, the extent of the receiver's involvement in the transaction process is limited to sharing their address with the sender. Once they share the address/URI, they can basically forget about it. In the target scenario for v2 payjoin, the receiver must come online again (except they have no way of knowing "when") to contribute input(s) and sign the PSBT. This can be unexpected, unintuitive and a bit of a hassle.

Usually (and even with payjoin v1), the sender crafts and broadcasts the transaction in one go; meaning the user's job is done within a few seconds/minutes. With payjoin v2, they must share the original-PSBT with the receiver, and then wait for them to do their part. Once the the receiver has done that, the sender must come online to review the transaction, sign it & broadcast.

In summary,

In payjoin v1, step 3 is automated and instant, so delay 2, 3 =~ 0. As the user experiences it, the process is completed in a single session, akin to a non-payjoin transaction.

With payjoin v2, Steps 2 & 3 in the above diagram are widely spread and noticeable. These manual steps are separated by uncertain delays (more on that below) when compared to a non-payjoin transaction.

Delays

We've established that both senders and receivers must take extra manual steps to execute a payoin transaction. With payjoin v2, this process gets split into multiple sessions, since the sender and receiver are not like to be online simultaneously.

Delay 2 & 3 (see diagram above) are uncertain in nature. Most users do not open their bitcoin wallets for days or weeks! The receiver must come online before the timeout hits in order for the payjoin process to work, otherwise time is just wasted with no benefit. UX or technical solutions are needed to minimise these delays.

Delays might be exacerbated if the setup is based on hardware wallet and/or uses multisig.

Notifications or background processes

There is one major problem when we say "the user must come online to..." but in reality the user has no way of knowing there is a payjoin PSBT waiting for them. After a PSBT is sent to the relay, the opposite user would only find out about it whenever they happen to come online. Notifications and background sync processes might be necessary to minimise delays. This is absolutely essential to avert timeouts in addition to saving valuable time. Another risk is phantom payjoin stuff after the timeout is expired if receiver-side does not know it has.

Fee Savings

The following observations might be generally applicable for both original and this v2 payjoin version. Fee-savings with payjoin is a tricky topic. Of course, overall a payjoin transaction is always cheaper than 2 separate transactions, since they get to share the overhead.

Additionally, without the receiver contributing to fees, the chosen fee rate of the PSBT (at the beginning) drops, and can lead to slower confirmation. From another perspective, a sender paying with payjoin pays higher fees for similar confirmation target. This has been observed in a production wallet years back. Given that total transaction time can extend to days, the fee environment itself might change, and all this must be considered when designing the UX.

Of course, there is nothing stopping the receiver from contributing to fees, but this idea is likely entirely novel to the bitcoin ecosystem (perhaps payments ecosystem in general) and the user base. Additionally, nominally it involves the user paying fees and tolerating delays just to receive bitcoin. Without explicit incentives/features that encourage receivers to participate, payjoining might seem like an unncessary hassle.

Overall, it seems that payjoin makes UX significant tradeoffs for important privacy (and potential fee-saving) benefits. This means that the UX might have to do significant heavy-lifting, to ensure that users are not surprised, confused or frustrated when they try to transact on-chain in a privacy-friendly feature. Good, timely communication, new features for consolidation & txn-cutthrough and guided user flows seem crucial to ensure payjoin adoption and for help make on-chain privacy a reality for users.

---------------

Original document available here. Reach out at yashrajdca@proton.me, y_a_s_h_r_a_j.70 on Signal, or on reach out in Bitcoin Design discord.

https://stacker.news/items/981388

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued new guidance halting spending on most foreign aid grants for 90 days, including military assistance to Ukraine. This immediate order shocked State Department officials and mandates “stop-work orders” on nearly all existing foreign assistance awards.

While it allows exceptions for military financing to Egypt and Israel, as well as emergency food assistance, it restricts aid to key allies like Ukraine, Jordan, and Taiwan. The guidance raises potential liability risks for the government due to unfulfilled contracts.

A report will be prepared within 85 days to recommend which programs to continue or discontinue.

@ eab58da0:eebdafbf

By Unknownfx

I used to think big changes required big effort—hours of work, drastic life overhauls. But a tiny habit, just five minutes a day, rewired how I think and feel. It’s called gratitude journaling, and it’s become my secret weapon for mental clarity and self-improvement. Here’s how it changed my life and why it might work for you.

Feeling Stuck in the Fog A year ago, I was in a mental rut. Work stress, endless to-do lists, and a nagging sense I wasn’t doing enough left me drained. My mornings started with dread, my mind racing with what I hadn’t accomplished. I’d read about gratitude but thought it was fluffy nonsense—how could listing “good things” fix my chaos? Then, one sleepless night, I grabbed a notebook and scribbled three things I was thankful for: my coffee, a friend’s text, the sun coming up. It felt awkward, but I slept better. The next day, I did it again. That tiny act became my lifeline.

The Habit: Five Minutes of Gratitude Here’s how it works: every morning, I spend five minutes writing three things I’m grateful for. They don’t have to be profound—sometimes it’s my cozy blanket or a kind word from a stranger. The key is consistency. I keep a small notebook by my bed, and it’s the first thing I do after brushing my teeth. If I’m rushed, I jot them in my phone. I also add a quick “why” for each, like “I’m grateful for my coffee because it warms my hands and wakes me up.” This makes it personal, not just a checklist. It’s simple, but it shifts my focus from what’s wrong to what’s right.

How It Rewired Me At first, I didn’t notice much. But after a week, my mornings felt lighter. Instead of waking up to stress, I’d smile at my notebook, remembering yesterday’s small joys. Over months, the habit rewired my brain. Studies say gratitude boosts serotonin and dopamine, and I believe it—I felt calmer, more optimistic. When work got tough, I’d pause and recall my list, grounding myself. For example, during a rough week when a project flopped, I wrote, “I’m grateful for my team’s support because they had my back.” It didn’t erase the failure, but it reminded me I wasn’t alone. My mental health improved, and I started seeing possibilities where I once saw dead ends.

Why It’s Worth Trying This habit isn’t a cure-all, but it’s a spark. It taught me that small actions can shift big emotions. I’m not perfect—some days, I still grumble—but gratitude pulls me back. It’s like a mental reset, helping me face challenges with hope. Plus, it’s flexible: you can do it anywhere, anytime, no fancy tools needed. I’ve even shared it with friends, and they’ve noticed shifts, too. It’s not about ignoring pain; it’s about balancing it with light.

Start Your Own Spark You don’t need hours to change your mindset—just five minutes. Try it tomorrow: grab a notebook, write three things you’re grateful for, and say why. Do it for a week, and see how it feels. What’s one small joy you’re thankful for today? How do you keep your mind clear when life gets heavy? Share your thoughts below or post a note—let’s inspire each other to rewire our brains, one tiny habit at a time!

Thanks for reading. Much love, Unknownfx

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

Chef's notes

arbitray

• test
• of
• chefs notes

hedding 2

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour
• 🍽️ Servings: 5

Ingredients

• Test ingredient
• 2nd test ingredient

Directions

1. Bake
2. Cool

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

https://stacker.news/items/981350

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

President Trump plans to withdraw 20,000 U.S. troops from Europe and expects European allies to contribute financially to the remaining military presence. Reported by ANSA, Trump aims to deliver this message to European leaders since taking office. A European diplomat noted, “the costs cannot be borne solely by American taxpayers.”

The Pentagon hasn't commented yet. Trump has previously sought lower troop levels in Europe and had ordered cuts during his first term. The U.S. currently maintains around 65,000 troops in Europe, with total forces reaching 100,000 since the Ukraine invasion. Trump's new approach may shift military focus to the Pacific amid growing concerns about China.

Sauce

@ 2b998b04:86727e47

For years, I wandered through the Web3 space—intrigued by its promises, pulled in by buzzwords like “decentralization,” “DAOs,” and “stakeholder democracy.”

But over time, the signals got drowned out by noise.

I saw venture capital pour into projects that had no product. I watched communities reward performative governance and token hype, rather than real work or impact. Even in faith-based circles, “Web3 for good” often meant shiny apps that served insiders more than outsiders.

Then I found my way back to where I began: Bitcoin.

Not as a speculative asset—but as a philosophy. A discipline. A foundation.

Proof of Work doesn’t need marketing. It doesn’t ask for permission. It either works—or it doesn’t.

Web3 taught me a lot. But Bitcoin gave me a plumb line. And from now on, that’s the line I’m building on.

This is Part 1 of a multi-part series. Follow for future entries.\ \ — Andrew G. Stanton\ Bitcoiner, builder, believer.

---

This article was co-drafted using ChatGPT to accelerate the writing process. Final content was reviewed and edited by me.

---

@ 82e045a6:9b6c2cc0

GA179 là một trong những nền tảng công nghệ số tiên phong mang lại trải nghiệm đa chiều cho người dùng trong kỷ nguyên chuyển đổi số. Với sự kết hợp giữa giao diện thân thiện và công nghệ xử lý hiện đại, GA179 không chỉ đơn thuần là một ứng dụng thông thường mà còn là công cụ giúp người dùng tối ưu hóa các nhu cầu tương tác và kết nối mỗi ngày. Điểm mạnh lớn nhất của GA179 nằm ở sự ổn định và mượt mà trong quá trình sử dụng, cho phép truy cập nhanh chóng trên mọi thiết bị như điện thoại thông minh, máy tính bảng hay máy tính để bàn. Không chỉ vậy, nền tảng này còn tích hợp khả năng cá nhân hóa cao, mang đến những tính năng được đề xuất thông minh dựa trên hành vi và sở thích của từng người dùng. GA179 xây dựng trải nghiệm người dùng dựa trên tính tiện dụng, tiết kiệm thời gian và đảm bảo sự liền mạch trong từng thao tác. Nhờ đó, nền tảng đã nhanh chóng thu hút một lượng lớn người dùng trung thành, góp phần tạo nên một cộng đồng sử dụng đông đảo và gắn bó.

Không dừng lại ở giao diện và hiệu năng, GA179 còn nổi bật với hệ thống bảo mật đạt tiêu chuẩn quốc tế. Trong thời đại mà thông tin cá nhân và quyền riêng tư trở thành mối quan tâm hàng đầu, GA179 đã triển khai các biện pháp mã hóa nhiều lớp nhằm bảo vệ toàn diện dữ liệu người dùng. Các giao dịch và hoạt động trên nền tảng đều được ghi nhận, giám sát và xử lý qua hệ thống kiểm tra tự động, giúp phát hiện và ngăn chặn mọi hành vi đáng ngờ. Đồng thời, quy trình xác minh danh tính và hỗ trợ kỹ thuật được triển khai bài bản, giúp người dùng an tâm khi sử dụng dịch vụ. Một điểm cộng khác của GA179 là sự hỗ trợ khách hàng chuyên nghiệp, hoạt động 24/7 và luôn sẵn sàng lắng nghe, tiếp nhận phản hồi từ người dùng để cải thiện nền tảng từng ngày. Chính điều này giúp GA179 không chỉ giữ được sự tin cậy mà còn xây dựng được danh tiếng vững chắc trên thị trường công nghệ số ngày nay.

Định hướng phát triển của GA179 không chỉ dừng lại ở việc cải thiện trải nghiệm người dùng, mà còn mở rộng mạnh mẽ sang các lĩnh vực ứng dụng công nghệ số hóa khác như quản lý thông tin, liên kết hệ sinh thái điện tử và đồng bộ hóa dữ liệu đa nền tảng. Nền tảng này liên tục cập nhật những xu hướng công nghệ mới, bao gồm trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI), học máy (machine learning) và phân tích dữ liệu lớn (big data) để nâng cao khả năng tương tác thông minh và tối ưu hóa hiệu suất hoạt động. GA179 còn tích cực hợp tác với các đối tác chiến lược trong và ngoài nước để mở rộng quy mô, nâng cấp dịch vụ, và tạo nên một môi trường sử dụng đa dạng, phù hợp với nhu cầu cá nhân lẫn tổ chức. Nhìn chung, với sự đầu tư bài bản và định hướng phát triển lâu dài, GA179 đang từng bước khẳng định vị thế là một trong những nền tảng công nghệ đáng tin cậy, hiệu quả và tiên tiến nhất trong thời đại số, mang lại nhiều giá trị thực tiễn và tiện ích vượt trội cho người dùng trong mọi lĩnh vực của cuộc sống hiện đại.

@ 6be5cc06:5259daf0

A seguir, veja como instalar e configurar o Privoxy no Pop!_OS.

---

1. Instalar o Tor e o Privoxy

Abra o terminal e execute:

bash sudo apt update sudo apt install tor privoxy

Explicação:

• Tor: Roteia o tráfego pela rede Tor.
• Privoxy: Proxy avançado que intermedia a conexão entre aplicativos e o Tor.

---

2. Configurar o Privoxy

Abra o arquivo de configuração do Privoxy:

bash sudo nano /etc/privoxy/config

Navegue até a última linha (atalho: Ctrl + / depois Ctrl + V para navegar diretamente até a última linha) e insira:

bash forward-socks5 / 127.0.0.1:9050 .

Isso faz com que o Privoxy envie todo o tráfego para o Tor através da porta 9050.

Salve (CTRL + O e Enter) e feche (CTRL + X) o arquivo.

---

3. Iniciar o Tor e o Privoxy

Agora, inicie e habilite os serviços:

bash sudo systemctl start tor sudo systemctl start privoxy sudo systemctl enable tor sudo systemctl enable privoxy

Explicação:

• start: Inicia os serviços.
• enable: Faz com que iniciem automaticamente ao ligar o PC.

---

4. Configurar o Navegador Firefox

Para usar a rede Tor com o Firefox:

1. Abra o Firefox.
2. Acesse Configurações → Configurar conexão.
3. Selecione Configuração manual de proxy.
4. Configure assim:
   • Proxy HTTP: 127.0.0.1
   • Porta: 8118 (porta padrão do Privoxy)
   • Domínio SOCKS (v5): 127.0.0.1
   • Porta: 9050
5. Marque a opção "Usar este proxy também em HTTPS".
6. Clique em OK.

---

5. Verificar a Conexão com o Tor

Abra o navegador e acesse:

text https://check.torproject.org/

Se aparecer a mensagem "Congratulations. This browser is configured to use Tor.", a configuração está correta.

---

Dicas Extras

• Privoxy pode ser ajustado para bloquear anúncios e rastreadores.
• Outros aplicativos também podem ser configurados para usar o Privoxy.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

LegoGPT generates a LEGO structure from a user-provided text prompt in an end-to-end manner. Notably, our generated LEGO structure is physically stable and buildable.

Lego is something most of us knows. This is a opportuity to ask where is our creativity going? From the art of crafting figures to building blocks following our need and desires to have a machine thinking and building following step-by-step instructions to achieve an isolated goal.

Is the creative act then in the question itself, not anymore in the crafting? Are we just delegating the solution of problems, the thinking of how to respond to questions, to machines? Would it be different if delegated to other people?

Source: https://avalovelace1.github.io/LegoGPT/

https://stacker.news/items/981336

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

CHAPTER TWENTY

The Ray family exchanged glances. Mark smirked faintly, leaning toward Helen. “It’s probably one of those foreign board members,” he muttered. “No way it’s James.”

Helen nodded with a smug expression. “James is just a placeholder. A temporary President."

Even Tracy looked up from her phone, curious but confident in her assumption that the former street man she helped frame could never amount to much more.

But just as Mr. JP inhaled to say the name, a loud and chaotic voice broke through the hall.

“There he is!” a young woman shrieked from the back, storming down the aisle. “That’s him! That’s my brother! He threw me out like trash when I asked for help!”

The entire room fell into stunned silence. Gasps erupted from every corner as the woman dressed in tattered clothes for effect pointed dramatically at James, who remained seated with a stoic expression.

Cameras immediately turned toward her. Reporters snapped photos and started whispering frantically into their microphones.

“What is going on?” someone muttered from the crowd.

Mark nearly jumped in excitement. “This is perfect,” he whispered to Helen. “Let her ruin him in public!”

Helen chuckled darkly, “Couldn’t be better timing.”

But the moment was far from victorious.

Mr. JP’s face turned crimson with rage. He slammed a hand on the podium and shouted, “Security!”

Guards rushed in and surrounded the woman, who was still putting on a show for the cameras.

“I said remove her!” Mr. JP bellowed. “This is a private event, and that woman is not my daughter nor does she have any relation to my family!”

The woman’s protest turned into stammers. “But… I”

“You were paid to do this, weren’t you?” Mrs. JP cut in fiercely, standing beside her husband. “You dared to come here to sabotage our son’s moment? Arrest her at once!”

As the security officers grabbed the woman and escorted her out, the room remained frozen.

Mr. JP stepped back to the microphone, eyes blazing.

“Now let me make this perfectly clear,” he announced, his voice shaking with fury and pride. “The man you just tried to humiliate, the man you dared to frame, is not just the President of JP Enterprises…”

He turned toward James, his gaze softening with emotion.

“He is my only son. James JP. The true heir to everything I have built. My blood. My pride. My legacy.”

The entire hall erupted into gasps again this time, not from shock, but from awe.

Cameras turned sharply toward James, who now stood slowly from his seat. Mrs. JP immediately walked over and wrapped her arm around her son with tears in her eyes.

“We love you, son,” she said tenderly. “You deserve every bit of this moment.”

James gave a small nod, his eyes scanning the room as all those who once looked down on him now looked up in silence.

From their seats, Helen and Mark were speechless.

Tracy clutched her phone, her hands trembling.

This wasn’t supposed to happen… this wasn’t in the plan… she thought.

James turned to face the Ray family directly. His eyes were calm, but piercing.

The grand ballroom had descended into an eerie quiet. All eyes were now fixed on James, the man who had once been mocked as a beggar, ridiculed as a street dweller, and dismissed as a disgrace to the Ray family. But there he stood tall, refined, and composed as the sole heir to the JP empire.

Reporters who once whispered slanderous headlines now stood frozen, their cameras lowered slightly, unsure whether to record this new twist or pause in awe. Among them, Tracy felt a chill run down her spine. Her earlier confidence had vanished like smoke, replaced by the crushing weight of guilt and dread. She couldn’t even meet James’s gaze.

Helen, seated a few rows ahead, was seething silently. Her fingers clenched the silk of her gown tightly, knuckles whitening. Mark sat beside her, pale-faced and stiff. All his previous arrogance had withered into regret. This wasn’t the plan. This wasn’t supposed to happen. James wasn’t supposed to rise. Not like this.

As the hall slowly began to clap, starting from the board members of JP Enterprises to representatives of international partners who respected Mr. JP’s authority, the applause grew louder. It became thunderous, roaring like justice finally given form. The heir had been revealed, and it wasn’t just a title it was a crown reclaimed.

Mr. JP gestured for silence once again, and when the room obeyed, he turned to James and said, “Son, I may have failed you in the past. I listened to lies, I acted in anger, and I walked away when I should’ve stood by your side. But today, in front of the world, I ask for your forgiveness and welcome you back not just as the President, but as the heart of JP Enterprises.”

The crowd erupted into another round of claps, cheers, and whistles. Emotions swirled through the hall like a whirlwind.

James slowly approached the podium, every step echoing the long journey he had endured. From rejection, betrayal, and homelessness to becoming the man everyone now admired.

He adjusted the microphone and let his calm voice wash over the crowd.

“I never imagined this day would come. Not because I didn’t believe in myself but because for a long time, the world refused to believe in me. Many of you here know me as the President. Some only know me through headlines good and bad. And a few… know me as the man they once threw away.”

His words cut through the crowd like glass.

He turned his gaze slowly toward the Ray family. “To those who called me worthless… to those who spat at my name, who mocked me when I had nothing… thank you.”

Gasps filled the room.

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

Oregano oil is a potent natural compound that offers numerous scientifically-supported health benefits.

Active Compounds

The oil's therapeutic properties stem from its key bioactive components: - Carvacrol and thymol (primary active compounds) - Polyphenols and other antioxidant

Antimicrobial Properties

Bacterial Protection The oil demonstrates powerful antibacterial effects, even against antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA and other harmful bacteria. Studies show it effectively inactivates various pathogenic bacteria without developing resistance.

Antifungal Effects It effectively combats fungal infections, particularly Candida-related conditions like oral thrush, athlete's foot, and nail infections.

Digestive Health Benefits

Oregano oil supports digestive wellness by: - Promoting gastric juice secretion and enzyme production - Helping treat Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) - Managing digestive discomfort, bloating, and IBS symptoms

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects

The oil provides significant protective benefits through: - Powerful antioxidant activity that fights free radicals - Reduction of inflammatory markers in the body - Protection against oxidative stress-related conditions

Respiratory Support

It aids respiratory health by: - Loosening mucus and phlegm - Suppressing coughs and throat irritation - Supporting overall respiratory tract function

Additional Benefits

Skin Health - Improves conditions like psoriasis, acne, and eczema - Supports wound healing through antibacterial action - Provides anti-aging benefits through antioxidant properties

Cardiovascular Health Studies show oregano oil may help: - Reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol levels - Support overall heart health

Pain Management The oil demonstrates effectiveness in: - Reducing inflammation-related pain - Managing muscle discomfort - Providing topical pain relief

Safety Note

While oregano oil is generally safe, it's highly concentrated and should be properly diluted before use Consult a healthcare provider before starting supplementation, especially if taking other medications.

@ 4fe4a528:3ff6bf06

One of the main motivational factors for people to buy bitcoin is it’s ability to store value over time. During harvest we are doing the same thing. We have now harvested our garlic and 1/2 of our onions because if we don’t use the sun’s energy to cure the plants before winter they will start to rot. Let me explain why God has made the world this way; but, first let me explain why storing things isn’t evil.

“Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust consume and where thieves break in and steal; but store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust consumes and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also”. Matt. 6:19-21

Is it wrong, then to have a retirement portfolio or even to care about the material things of this world for ourselves or for others? The answer is again both no and yes. The no comes from the fact that this passage is not the only one in the Bible speaking to questions of wealth and provision for those who are dependent on us. Other passages counsel prudence and forethought, such as, “Those who gather little by little will increase [wealth]” (Proverbs 13:11b), and, “The good leave an inheritance to their children’s children” (Proverbs 13:22).

God guides Joseph to store up food for seven years in advance of a famine (Genesis 41:25-36), and Jesus speaks favorably in the Parable of the Talents (Matt. 25:14-30). In light of the rest of Scripture, Matthew 6:19-21 cannot be a blanket prohibition. But the yes part of the answer is a warning, summed up beautifully in verse 21, “Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.” In other words, the possessions you own will change you so that you care more about the possessions than about other things.” So choose carefully what you own, for you will inevitably begin to value and protect it to the potential detriment of everything else.

How are we to discern the line between appropriate and inappropriate attention to wealth? Jesus answers, “Strive first for the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you” So if you believe your heart is following God’s direction go ahead and harvest your crops and / or buy some bitcoin. If you would have bought bitcoin one year ago, you would have 127% more purchasing power now. Let’s keep on fearing God and keeping his commandments.

@ 7b20d99d:d2a541a9

In a world where we often hear talk of financial bubbles, speculation, and individual enrichment through cryptocurrencies, Hope With Bitcoin resolutely takes the opposite approach. Here, Bitcoin is not an end in itself, but a means to reach out. A tool serving a simple, universal human cause: bringing smiles and hope back to those who need it most.

Far from big, empty promises and empty charitable projects, Hope With Bitcoin is committed to a philosophy of direct impact, total transparency, and lasting transformation of lives.

🔗 Official project link : https://linktr.ee/hopewithbtc

---

🟢 Why “Hope With Bitcoin”?

It all started with an observation: too many people are living in oblivion. In some regions, particularly in Africa, it doesn't take much to bring back a smile: a meal, a word, a gesture. But often, aid initiatives get lost in an administrative maze, corruption, or a lack of follow-ups. And in the world of Bitcoin, we see many promises of humanitarian aid without ever seeing results.

Hope With Bitcoin was launched to change that. The goal is clear:

Using the power of Bitcoin to provide direct, visible, measurable and lasting help.

We wanted to show that Bitcoin can nourish, heal, raise awareness, connect, and not just speculate.

---

🔵 What we do concretely

Hope With Bitcoin isn't an abstract concept. It's a set of concrete actions carried out on the ground, with rigor and heart.

Here's what we do:

🍛 Food distribution and health aid

Thanks to donations collected in Bitcoin, we provide concrete help to those who need it most.

We distribute hot meals and basic food items (rice, spaghetti, oil, charcoal, etc.) to struggling families, vulnerable children, and orphanages.

But our work doesn't stop there. A portion of the funds is also used to purchase essential medicines and contribute to the payment of healthcare, particularly for sick or injured people who cannot afford treatment.

Each action is carefully documented and made public to ensure complete transparency and strengthen the trust of our donors.

✅ Missions accomplished: every satoshi counts

Since Hope With Bitcoin's inception, we've carried out several concrete actions thanks to the donations received. Here's a clear, transparent, and verifiable overview of our actions:

🔹 PoW 1 – 10 000 Satoshi Received

📅 Date : 01/09/2025

📍 Purchase food for two children in need

🔹 PoW 2 – 10 000 Satoshi Received

📅 Date : 01/11/2025

📍 Purchase food for two children in need

🔹 PoW 3 — 220,500 Satoshi received

📍 Preparing food for thirty children in need

📅 Date : 01/13/2025

🔹 PoW 4— 31,000 Satoshi received

📍 Purchase food for six children in need

📅 Date : 01/16/2025

🔹 PoW 5— 30,000 Satoshi received

📍 Purchase food for 10 students in need

📅 Date : 01/18/2025

🔹 PoW 6 – 11,093 Satoshi received

📍 Purchase food for two children in need

📅 Date : 01/22/2025

#### \ 🔹 PoW 7 – 52,000 Satoshi Received

📍 Preparing food for eight children in need

📅 Date : 01/27/2025

#### \ 🔹 PoW 8 – 116,866 Satoshi Received

📍Financial support for Maria Jimenez's health

📅 Date : 02/13/2025

🔹 PoW 9 – 8,001 Satoshi Received

📍 Hope With Bitcoin t-shirt print

📅 Date : 02/15/2025

🔹 PoW 10 – 22,602 Satoshi Received

📍 Purchase of food for five children in need (three on site and two takeaway)

📅 Date : 02/17/2025

🔹 PoW 11– 350,000 Satoshi Received

📍 Purchase of food (rice, corn, spaghetti, oil, salt, sugar, coal...) at the Bon Arbre orphanage

Thank you letter received: HERE

📅 Date : 03/06/2025

🔹 PoW 12 – 35,000 Satoshi received

📍 Purchase of medicine for a person in need

📅 Date : 04/02/2025

🔹 PoW 13 – 60,910 Satoshi received

📍 Purchase food for two children in need

🖼 Coming soon

📅 Date : 05/18/2025

Each of these Proofs of Work (PoW) is publicly published on Nostr or Geyser to ensure complete transparency. You can view them individually to see the real impact of your donations.

📣 Bitcoin Adoption Awareness

We take advantage of each field trip to speak with shopkeepers, local vendors, and young people. The idea is to show that Bitcoin can be used practically in their daily lives: to sell, buy, and exchange.

---

🟠 Our results to date

Since the creation of Hope With Bitcoin on January 8, 2025, we have succeeded in:

• Collect a total of 957,971 Satoshi thanks to the generosity of contributors around the world.
• Help 87 people directly through our distribution actions. (Proof of work)
• Raise awareness among several merchants about the use of Bitcoin.
• Create a close-knit, caring community focused on human impact.

These numbers aren't statistics. They're lives, faces, stories. Every person helped represents a victory, proof that Bitcoin solidarity is possible.

---

🟣 Our ambitions for the future

Hope With Bitcoin doesn't want to be just a one-time donation project. We believe in sustainability, independence, and structured growth.

### 🐖 Launch of a pig farm to sustainably finance our actions

To make our humanitarian work self-sufficient and sustainable, we have launched a project to create a pig farm, the proceeds of which will be used to fund food distribution, the purchase of medicines, and other solidarity initiatives led by Hope With Bitcoin.

This project aims to generate regular income while having a tangible local impact:

• 🥣 Continuously support food and health aid

• 👷‍♂️ Create jobs for young people and unemployed people

• ♻️ Reinvest profits in other humanitarian projects

To kick-start this project, we've established a detailed budget estimate that includes the purchase of piglets, pen construction, feed, veterinary care, and management fees. 👉 Estimated cost: approximately 5,525,200 Satoshi

More details on the budget here: https://primal.net/e/nevent1qqsfmrafup9dma3wvgeqgasydjhy06rhkn8d268txmztp60533mp3xg0vuk5a

🐓 Towards a united and evolving ecosystem

Ultimately, we aim to diversify our business into chicken and goat farming and develop micro-agricultural projects. The goal is to build a resilient, local, and 100% Bitcoin-funded ecosystem that serves the most vulnerable.

---

💛 You can support this project now on Geyser:

https://geyser.fund/project/hopewithbitcoin/goals/552

🌍 Expansion of the area of ​​action

We want to reach:

• More regions
• More beneficiaries
• More businesses willing to accept Bitcoin

---

⚫ Why Bitcoin?

The choice of Bitcoin is not ideological. It is practical, thoughtful, and strategic.

Here's why we made this choice:

• ✅ Fast and low-cost transactions
• ✅ No geographical or banking barriers
• ✅ Immutability of donations: funds cannot be diverted
• ✅ Complete traceability thanks to blockchain
• ✅ Financial education for recipients

In short, Bitcoin allows us to rebuild trust in donations and make acts of solidarity visible.

---

🟢 How to support us?

You can be part of the change. Here's how:

• 🤝 Donate in Bitcoin (https://geyser.fund/project/hopewithbitcoin)
• 📢 Share our posts to help us gain visibility
• 🧠 Recommend us to a partner, company, or influencer
• 💬 Join the community on Twitter, Nostr, or subscribe to Geyser to stay informed and actively participate.

Even a simple retweet can make a difference. Because every Satoshi counts.

---

Hope With Bitcoin is a declaration of love to humanity. It's a belief that technology can serve the heart. It's a demonstration that Bitcoin can nourish, not just enrich.

We are not an NGO, we are not a company. We are a movement, an initiative, a momentum. And this is just the beginning.

“With a little Bitcoin and a lot of love, we can change lives.”

🔗 Join us now : https://linktr.ee/hopewithbtc

@ 341d22d7:d4e9497e

A plataforma 89p chegou para transformar a experiência de jogos online, oferecendo aos jogadores um ambiente de alta qualidade, repleto de opções diversificadas e recursos inovadores. Com uma interface amigável, tecnologia de ponta e uma vasta gama de jogos, a 89p é a escolha perfeita para quem busca diversão e emoção a qualquer hora do dia. Neste artigo, exploraremos as características dessa plataforma, os jogos disponíveis e a experiência do jogador que faz dela uma excelente opção.

A 89p é uma plataforma de jogos online projetada para oferecer uma experiência única aos jogadores. Com um design intuitivo, fácil de navegar e totalmente otimizado para diferentes dispositivos, os usuários podem acessar a plataforma a partir de desktops, laptops e dispositivos móveis. A plataforma é conhecida por sua estabilidade, velocidade e suporte ao cliente de qualidade, garantindo que todos os aspectos da experiência do usuário sejam tratados com excelência.

O objetivo da 89pé oferecer aos seus jogadores uma experiência segura, confiável e divertida, com uma ampla gama de jogos que atendem a todos os gostos e preferências. Se você é fã de jogos de habilidade, jogos de azar ou opções mais descontraídas, a plataforma tem algo para todos.

Variedade de Jogos na Plataforma 89p Uma das grandes vantagens da 89p é a diversidade de opções de jogos. A plataforma conta com um catálogo extenso, com títulos das mais variadas categorias. Desde jogos de cartas, como pôquer e blackjack, até jogos mais modernos, como slots e jogos de mesa, a 89p garante que seus jogadores tenham acesso ao que há de melhor no mundo dos jogos online.

Além disso, a plataforma oferece jogos com temas e estilos diferentes, permitindo que cada jogador encontre opções que se adaptem ao seu estilo. A 89p também está constantemente atualizando seu portfólio de jogos, trazendo novas opções e versões aprimoradas, para que a experiência de jogar nunca se torne monótona.

A plataforma se destaca também pela qualidade gráfica dos seus jogos, que são desenvolvidos com tecnologia de última geração. Isso garante não só uma jogabilidade envolvente, mas também visuais impressionantes que tornam a experiência ainda mais imersiva. A jogabilidade é fluida, e os gráficos são de alta qualidade, com animações e efeitos especiais que aumentam ainda mais a diversão.

A Experiência do Jogador na 89p Na 89p, a experiência do jogador está no centro de tudo. A plataforma foi desenvolvida para ser fácil de usar, mesmo para aqueles que não têm muita experiência em jogos online. A navegação é simples, e a disposição dos jogos é organizada de maneira prática, permitindo que os jogadores encontrem rapidamente suas opções preferidas.

Outro ponto importante é o suporte ao cliente. A 89p oferece atendimento rápido e eficiente, com uma equipe de profissionais treinados para resolver quaisquer dúvidas ou problemas que possam surgir. O suporte está disponível 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, garantindo que os jogadores tenham sempre a ajuda que precisam quando necessário.

Além disso, a plataforma se preocupa com a segurança de seus usuários. A 89p utiliza criptografia de última geração para proteger os dados dos jogadores, garantindo que suas informações pessoais e financeiras estejam sempre seguras. Isso é essencial para criar um ambiente confiável e tranquilo para os jogadores se concentrarem apenas na diversão.

Conclusão A 89p é uma plataforma de jogos online que oferece uma experiência completa, com uma grande variedade de jogos, suporte de alta qualidade e uma interface intuitiva. Se você está procurando uma nova forma de se divertir jogando online, a 89p é uma excelente escolha, proporcionando segurança, inovação e, claro, muita diversão.

Seja você um jogador iniciante ou experiente, a plataforma tem algo a oferecer. Não deixe de conferir a 89p e explorar tudo o que ela tem a oferecer.

@ 341d22d7:d4e9497e

A 7075Bet é uma plataforma de entretenimento digital inovadora, projetada para proporcionar aos jogadores uma experiência inesquecível com uma ampla variedade de jogos emocionantes. Com uma interface intuitiva e recursos que visam a comodidade do usuário, a 7075Bet se destaca no cenário de plataformas de entretenimento online, oferecendo uma experiência completa e envolvente. Neste artigo, exploraremos as funcionalidades dessa plataforma, os jogos que ela oferece e como ela se dedica a proporcionar a melhor experiência aos seus jogadores.

Plataforma de Entretenimento Inovadora

A 7075betfoi criada com o objetivo de revolucionar a forma como os jogadores interagem com as plataformas de entretenimento online. Sua interface moderna e intuitiva permite que até mesmo iniciantes naveguem facilmente por todas as funcionalidades da plataforma. A plataforma oferece uma experiência fluída, com design responsivo que se adapta bem tanto em dispositivos móveis quanto em desktops.

O processo de registro é simples e rápido, permitindo que novos jogadores comecem a explorar a plataforma sem complicações. Além disso, a 7075Bet oferece diversas opções de pagamento, tornando o processo de depósitos e retiradas acessível e seguro para os usuários. Com um suporte ao cliente eficiente, os jogadores podem contar com a ajuda da equipe da plataforma sempre que necessário, garantindo uma experiência tranquila e sem contratempos.

Jogos Diversificados para Todos os Gostos

Na 7075Bet, os jogadores encontram uma vasta gama de opções de jogos, atendendo a todos os tipos de gostos e preferências. Se você é fã de jogos de mesa, a plataforma oferece várias opções clássicas, como blackjack e roleta, que podem ser jogadas de forma fácil e divertida. Esses jogos são projetados para proporcionar aos jogadores uma experiência envolvente, com gráficos e animações de alta qualidade que imitam a sensação de estar em um ambiente físico.

Para os fãs de jogos mais dinâmicos e rápidos, a 7075Bet também disponibiliza uma seleção de jogos eletrônicos e de vídeo. Desde caça-níqueis modernos até jogos com jackpots progressivos, cada título é projetado para manter os jogadores entretidos por horas. Os jogos apresentam temas inovadores, com designs criativos e recursos interativos que tornam a jogabilidade ainda mais divertida e recompensadora.

Além disso, a plataforma está sempre atualizando sua seleção de jogos, garantindo que os jogadores tenham acesso às novidades mais recentes do mercado. Isso demonstra o compromisso da 7075Bet em oferecer uma experiência de entretenimento atualizada e diversificada.

A Experiência do Jogador: Conforto e Segurança

A experiência do jogador é a prioridade na 7075Bet. A plataforma não só oferece uma grande variedade de jogos, mas também proporciona um ambiente seguro e confortável para seus usuários. Com medidas rigorosas de segurança, como criptografia de dados e autenticação de transações, os jogadores podem se sentir tranquilos ao fazer depósitos e retirar seus ganhos.

A experiência do jogador vai além dos jogos em si. A plataforma oferece promoções regulares, bônus de boas-vindas e programas de fidelidade que tornam a jornada ainda mais emocionante. A 7075Bet também oferece uma série de funcionalidades para que os jogadores possam personalizar suas preferências, ajustando notificações, definindo limites de jogo e participando de torneios exclusivos. Tudo isso contribui para que cada jogador se sinta único e tenha uma experiência personalizada.

Conclusão

A 7075Bet se destaca como uma plataforma de entretenimento online que oferece uma experiência completa e envolvente. Com uma interface amigável, uma seleção diversificada de jogos e um compromisso com a segurança e a satisfação dos jogadores, ela se tornou uma opção popular para aqueles que buscam diversão e emoção no mundo digital. Se você está em busca de uma plataforma de entretenimento que oferece algo para todos os gostos, a 7075Bet é, sem dúvida, uma escolha excelente.

@ 472f440f:5669301e

Marty's Bent

It's been a pretty historic week for the United States as it pertains to geopolitical relations in the Middle East. President Trump and many members of his administration, including AI and Crypto Czar David Sacks and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, traveled across the Middle East making deals with countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Syria, and others. Many are speculating that Iran may be included in some behind the scenes deal as well. This trip to the Middle East makes sense considering the fact that China is also vying for favorable relationships with those countries. The Middle East is a power player in the world, and it seems pretty clear that Donald Trump is dead set on ensuring that they choose the United States over China as the world moves towards a more multi-polar reality.

Many are calling the events of this week the Riyadh Accords. There were many deals that were struck in relation to artificial intelligence, defense, energy and direct investments in the United States. A truly prolific power play and demonstration of deal-making ability of Donald Trump, if you ask me. Though I will admit some of the numbers that were thrown out by some of the countries were a bit egregious. We shall see how everything plays out in the coming years. It will be interesting to see how China reacts to this power move by the United States.

While all this was going on, there was something happening back in the United States that many people outside of fringe corners of FinTwit are not talking about, which is the fact that the 10-year and 30-year U.S. Treasury bond yields are back on the rise. Yesterday, they surpassed the levels of mid-April that caused a market panic and are hovering back around levels that have not been seen since right before Donald Trump's inauguration.

I imagine that there isn't as much of an uproar right now because I'm pretty confident the media freakouts we were experiencing in mid-April were driven by the fact that many large hedge funds found themselves off sides of large levered basis trades. I wouldn't be surprised if those funds have decreased their leverage in those trades and bond yields being back to mid-April levels is not affecting those funds as much as they were last month. But the point stands, the 10-year and 30-year yields are significantly elevated with the 30-year approaching 5%. Regardless of the deals that are currently being made in the Middle East, the Treasury has a big problem on its hands. It still has to roll over many trillions worth of debt over over the next few years and doing so at these rates is going to be massively detrimental to fiscal deficits over the next decade. The interest expense on the debt is set to explode in the coming years.

On that note, data from the first quarter of 2025 has been released by the government and despite all the posturing by the Trump administration around DOGE and how tariffs are going to be beneficial for the U.S. economy, deficits are continuing to explode while the interest expense on the debt has definitively surpassed our annual defense budget.

via Charlie Bilello

via Mohamed Al-Erian

To make matters worse, as things are deteriorating on the fiscal side of things, the U.S. consumer is getting crushed by credit. The 90-plus day delinquency rates for credit card and auto loans are screaming higher right now.

via TXMC

One has to wonder how long all this can continue without some sort of liquidity crunch. Even though equities markets have recovered from their post-Liberation Day month long bear market, I would not be surprised if what we're witnessing is a dead cat bounce that can only be continued if the money printers are turned back on. Something's got to give, both on the fiscal side and in the private markets where the Common Man is getting crushed because he's been forced to take on insane amounts of debt to stay afloat after years of elevated levels of inflation. Add on the fact that AI has reached a state of maturity that will enable companies to replace their current meat suit workers with an army of cheap, efficient and fast digital workers and it isn't hard to see that some sort of employment crisis could be on the horizon as well.

Now is not the time to get complacent. While I do believe that the deals that are currently being made in the Middle East are probably in the best interest of the United States as the world, again, moves toward a more multi-polar reality, we are facing problems that one cannot simply wish away. They will need to be confronted. And as we've seen throughout the 21st century, the problems are usually met head-on with a money printer.

I take no pleasure in saying this because it is a bit uncouth to be gleeful to benefit from the strife of others, but it is pretty clear to me that all signs are pointing to bitcoin benefiting massively from everything that is going on. The shift towards a more multi-polar world, the runaway debt situation here in the United States, the increasing deficits, the AI job replacements and the consumer credit crisis that is currently unfolding, All will need to be "solved" by turning on the money printers to levels they've never been pushed to before.

Weird times we're living in.

China's Manufacturing Dominance: Why It Matters for the U.S.

In my recent conversation with Lyn Alden, she highlighted how China has rapidly ascended the manufacturing value chain. As Lyn pointed out, China transformed from making "sneakers and plastic trinkets" to becoming the world's largest auto exporter in just four years. This dramatic shift represents more than economic success—it's a strategic power play. China now dominates solar panel production with greater market control than OPEC has over oil and maintains near-monopoly control of rare earth elements crucial for modern technology.

"China makes like 10 times more steel than the United States does... which is relevant in ship making. It's relevant in all sorts of stuff." - Lyn Alden

Perhaps most concerning, as Lyn emphasized, is China's financial leverage. They hold substantial U.S. assets that could be strategically sold to disrupt U.S. treasury market functioning. This combination of manufacturing dominance, resource control, and financial leverage gives China significant negotiating power in any trade disputes, making our attempts to reshoring manufacturing all the more challenging.

Check out the full podcast here for more on Triffin's dilemma, Bitcoin's role in monetary transition, and the energy requirements for rebuilding America's industrial base.

Headlines of the Day

Financial Times Under Fire Over MicroStrategy Bitcoin Coverage - via X

Trump in Qatar: Historic Boeing Deal Signed - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

Johnson Backs Stock Trading Ban; Passage Chances Slim - via X

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Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed 158,469 sats | $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

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Final thought...

Building things of value is satisfying.

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@ b17fccdf:b7211155

The past 26 August, Tor introduced officially a proof-of-work (PoW) defense for onion services designed to prioritize verified network traffic as a deterrent against denial of service (DoS) attacks.

~ > This feature at the moment, is deactivate by default, so you need to follow these steps to activate this on a MiniBolt node:

• Make sure you have the latest version of Tor installed, at the time of writing this post, which is v0.4.8.6. Check your current version by typing

tor --version

Example of expected output:

Tor version 0.4.8.6. This build of Tor is covered by the GNU General Public License (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html) Tor is running on Linux with Libevent 2.1.12-stable, OpenSSL 3.0.9, Zlib 1.2.13, Liblzma 5.4.1, Libzstd N/A and Glibc 2.36 as libc. Tor compiled with GCC version 12.2.0

~ > If you have v0.4.8.X, you are OK, if not, type sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade and confirm to update.

• Basic PoW support can be checked by running this command:

tor --list-modules

Expected output:

relay: yes dirauth: yes dircache: yes pow: **yes**

~ > If you have pow: yes, you are OK

• Now go to the torrc file of your MiniBolt and add the parameter to enable PoW for each hidden service added

sudo nano /etc/tor/torrc

Example:

```

Hidden Service BTC RPC Explorer

HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/hidden_service_btcrpcexplorer/ HiddenServiceVersion 3 HiddenServicePoWDefensesEnabled 1 HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:3002 ```

~ > Bitcoin Core and LND use the Tor control port to automatically create the hidden service, requiring no action from the user. We have submitted a feature request in the official GitHub repositories to explore the need for the integration of Tor's PoW defense into the automatic creation process of the hidden service. You can follow them at the following links:

• Bitcoin Core: https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/issues/8002
• LND: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/28499

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More info:

• https://blog.torproject.org/introducing-proof-of-work-defense-for-onion-services/
• https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/onion-services/onion-support/-/wikis/Documentation/PoW-FAQ

---

Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙

@ 341d22d7:d4e9497e

Se você está em busca de uma plataforma confiável e emocionante para se divertir, a 777ua é uma excelente opção. Com uma interface amigável, uma vasta seleção de jogos e uma experiência personalizada para cada jogador, essa plataforma tem conquistado o coração de muitos entusiastas do entretenimento digital. Neste artigo, vamos explorar a introdução da plataforma, os jogos que ela oferece e a experiência do jogador, para ajudá-lo a entender por que a 777ua está se tornando cada vez mais popular.

A 777ua é uma plataforma de entretenimento online que oferece uma experiência de usuário moderna e dinâmica. Com um design intuitivo e recursos inovadores, a plataforma foi criada para atender tanto a iniciantes quanto a jogadores experientes. O seu foco está em proporcionar uma navegação fácil, rápida e divertida, sem complicações, permitindo que os usuários se concentrem no que realmente importa: a diversão.

Ao acessar a 777ua, o jogador é recebido com uma interface bem estruturada, que facilita a exploração dos diversos jogos disponíveis. A plataforma também é otimizada para dispositivos móveis, o que significa que você pode acessar seus jogos favoritos de qualquer lugar, a qualquer momento.

Além disso, a 777ua é comprometida com a segurança dos seus usuários. Com tecnologias de criptografia de última geração, seus dados pessoais e financeiros estão sempre protegidos, oferecendo uma experiência sem preocupações para todos os jogadores.

Jogos na 777ua: Variedade para Todos os Gostos Uma das maiores atrações da 777ua é a sua extensa gama de jogos. A plataforma oferece uma variedade impressionante de opções, incluindo jogos de mesa, slots, jogos de habilidade e muito mais. A qualidade gráfica e a jogabilidade dos títulos são excepcionais, proporcionando uma experiência imersiva e emocionante.

Entre os jogos mais populares da plataforma estão os jogos de cartas, como blackjack e pôquer, onde os jogadores podem testar suas habilidades contra outros usuários ou contra a própria plataforma. Para aqueles que preferem algo mais dinâmico, as máquinas de caça-níqueis são uma ótima escolha. Com temas variados e recursos especiais, esses jogos são conhecidos pela sua jogabilidade viciante e pelas grandes oportunidades de ganho.

Além disso, a 777ua também investe em títulos de jogos de habilidade, onde a estratégia e o raciocínio lógico fazem toda a diferença. Seja você um novato ou um veterano, sempre há algo para todos na 777ua.

Os jogos são atualizados regularmente, garantindo que os usuários tenham acesso às últimas novidades do mundo do entretenimento digital. Isso significa que você nunca ficará entediado, sempre haverá algo novo para experimentar.

A Experiência do Jogador: Diversão e Comodidade Na 777ua, a experiência do jogador é a prioridade. Desde o momento em que você entra na plataforma, é claro que a 777ua se preocupa em proporcionar uma experiência de alta qualidade. A navegação simples e a organização intuitiva permitem que você encontre facilmente o que procura. Você pode jogar seus jogos favoritos com poucos cliques e aproveitar um ambiente virtual imersivo e de alta performance.

Além disso, a 777ua oferece diversas opções de pagamento, para que os jogadores possam fazer depósitos e retiradas de maneira fácil e segura. A plataforma também oferece um suporte ao cliente excepcional, com uma equipe pronta para ajudar com qualquer dúvida ou problema que possa surgir.

Outro aspecto importante da experiência do jogador na 777ua é a comunidade de jogadores. Ao interagir com outros usuários, você pode trocar dicas, estratégias e até participar de competições e eventos exclusivos. A plataforma também oferece sistemas de recompensas e promoções para valorizar ainda mais a experiência do jogador, garantindo que cada visita à 777ua seja cheia de novidades e benefícios.

Conclusão: Por Que Escolher a 777ua? A 777ua se destaca como uma plataforma de entretenimento online completa, oferecendo uma enorme variedade de jogos, segurança, e uma experiência de usuário excepcional. Seja você um novato ou um jogador experiente, a plataforma é projetada para garantir diversão, emoção e oportunidades de ganho.

Com sua interface amigável, jogos de alta qualidade e uma experiência de jogador sem igual, a 777ua está rapidamente se tornando uma das plataformas mais populares e confiáveis. Não importa o tipo de jogo que você procura, a 777ua tem algo para você. Então, não perca tempo, entre agora e comece a explorar o mundo da 777ua!

@ 6be5cc06:5259daf0

Bitcoin: Um sistema de dinheiro eletrônico direto entre pessoas.

Satoshi Nakamoto
satoshin@gmx.com
www.bitcoin.org

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Resumo

O Bitcoin é uma forma de dinheiro digital que permite pagamentos diretos entre pessoas, sem a necessidade de um banco ou instituição financeira. Ele resolve um problema chamado gasto duplo, que ocorre quando alguém tenta gastar o mesmo dinheiro duas vezes. Para evitar isso, o Bitcoin usa uma rede descentralizada onde todos trabalham juntos para verificar e registrar as transações.

As transações são registradas em um livro público chamado blockchain, protegido por uma técnica chamada Prova de Trabalho. Essa técnica cria uma cadeia de registros que não pode ser alterada sem refazer todo o trabalho já feito. Essa cadeia é mantida pelos computadores que participam da rede, e a mais longa é considerada a verdadeira.

Enquanto a maior parte do poder computacional da rede for controlada por participantes honestos, o sistema continuará funcionando de forma segura. A rede é flexível, permitindo que qualquer pessoa entre ou saia a qualquer momento, sempre confiando na cadeia mais longa como prova do que aconteceu.

---

1. Introdução

Hoje, quase todos os pagamentos feitos pela internet dependem de bancos ou empresas como processadores de pagamento (cartões de crédito, por exemplo) para funcionar. Embora esse sistema seja útil, ele tem problemas importantes porque é baseado em confiança.

Primeiro, essas empresas podem reverter pagamentos, o que é útil em caso de erros, mas cria custos e incertezas. Isso faz com que pequenas transações, como pagar centavos por um serviço, se tornem inviáveis. Além disso, os comerciantes são obrigados a desconfiar dos clientes, pedindo informações extras e aceitando fraudes como algo inevitável.

Esses problemas não existem no dinheiro físico, como o papel-moeda, onde o pagamento é final e direto entre as partes. No entanto, não temos como enviar dinheiro físico pela internet sem depender de um intermediário confiável.

O que precisamos é de um sistema de pagamento eletrônico baseado em provas matemáticas, não em confiança. Esse sistema permitiria que qualquer pessoa enviasse dinheiro diretamente para outra, sem depender de bancos ou processadores de pagamento. Além disso, as transações seriam irreversíveis, protegendo vendedores contra fraudes, mas mantendo a possibilidade de soluções para disputas legítimas.

Neste documento, apresentamos o Bitcoin, que resolve o problema do gasto duplo usando uma rede descentralizada. Essa rede cria um registro público e protegido por cálculos matemáticos, que garante a ordem das transações. Enquanto a maior parte da rede for controlada por pessoas honestas, o sistema será seguro contra ataques.

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2. Transações

Para entender como funciona o Bitcoin, é importante saber como as transações são realizadas. Imagine que você quer transferir uma "moeda digital" para outra pessoa. No sistema do Bitcoin, essa "moeda" é representada por uma sequência de registros que mostram quem é o atual dono. Para transferi-la, você adiciona um novo registro comprovando que agora ela pertence ao próximo dono. Esse registro é protegido por um tipo especial de assinatura digital.

O que é uma assinatura digital?

Uma assinatura digital é como uma senha secreta, mas muito mais segura. No Bitcoin, cada usuário tem duas chaves: uma "chave privada", que é secreta e serve para criar a assinatura, e uma "chave pública", que pode ser compartilhada com todos e é usada para verificar se a assinatura é válida. Quando você transfere uma moeda, usa sua chave privada para assinar a transação, provando que você é o dono. A próxima pessoa pode usar sua chave pública para confirmar isso.

Como funciona na prática?

Cada "moeda" no Bitcoin é, na verdade, uma cadeia de assinaturas digitais. Vamos imaginar o seguinte cenário:

1. A moeda está com o Dono 0 (você). Para transferi-la ao Dono 1, você assina digitalmente a transação com sua chave privada. Essa assinatura inclui o código da transação anterior (chamado de "hash") e a chave pública do Dono 1.
2. Quando o Dono 1 quiser transferir a moeda ao Dono 2, ele assinará a transação seguinte com sua própria chave privada, incluindo também o hash da transação anterior e a chave pública do Dono 2.
3. Esse processo continua, formando uma "cadeia" de transações. Qualquer pessoa pode verificar essa cadeia para confirmar quem é o atual dono da moeda.

Resolvendo o problema do gasto duplo

Um grande desafio com moedas digitais é o "gasto duplo", que é quando uma mesma moeda é usada em mais de uma transação. Para evitar isso, muitos sistemas antigos dependiam de uma entidade central confiável, como uma casa da moeda, que verificava todas as transações. No entanto, isso criava um ponto único de falha e centralizava o controle do dinheiro.

O Bitcoin resolve esse problema de forma inovadora: ele usa uma rede descentralizada onde todos os participantes (os "nós") têm acesso a um registro completo de todas as transações. Cada nó verifica se as transações são válidas e se a moeda não foi gasta duas vezes. Quando a maioria dos nós concorda com a validade de uma transação, ela é registrada permanentemente na blockchain.

Por que isso é importante?

Essa solução elimina a necessidade de confiar em uma única entidade para gerenciar o dinheiro, permitindo que qualquer pessoa no mundo use o Bitcoin sem precisar de permissão de terceiros. Além disso, ela garante que o sistema seja seguro e resistente a fraudes.

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3. Servidor Timestamp

Para assegurar que as transações sejam realizadas de forma segura e transparente, o sistema Bitcoin utiliza algo chamado de "servidor de registro de tempo" (timestamp). Esse servidor funciona como um registro público que organiza as transações em uma ordem específica.

Ele faz isso agrupando várias transações em blocos e criando um código único chamado "hash". Esse hash é como uma impressão digital que representa todo o conteúdo do bloco. O hash de cada bloco é amplamente divulgado, como se fosse publicado em um jornal ou em um fórum público.

Esse processo garante que cada bloco de transações tenha um registro de quando foi criado e que ele existia naquele momento. Além disso, cada novo bloco criado contém o hash do bloco anterior, formando uma cadeia contínua de blocos conectados — conhecida como blockchain.

Com isso, se alguém tentar alterar qualquer informação em um bloco anterior, o hash desse bloco mudará e não corresponderá ao hash armazenado no bloco seguinte. Essa característica torna a cadeia muito segura, pois qualquer tentativa de fraude seria imediatamente detectada.

O sistema de timestamps é essencial para provar a ordem cronológica das transações e garantir que cada uma delas seja única e autêntica. Dessa forma, ele reforça a segurança e a confiança na rede Bitcoin.

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4. Prova-de-Trabalho

Para implementar o registro de tempo distribuído no sistema Bitcoin, utilizamos um mecanismo chamado prova-de-trabalho. Esse sistema é semelhante ao Hashcash, desenvolvido por Adam Back, e baseia-se na criação de um código único, o "hash", por meio de um processo computacionalmente exigente.

A prova-de-trabalho envolve encontrar um valor especial que, quando processado junto com as informações do bloco, gere um hash que comece com uma quantidade específica de zeros. Esse valor especial é chamado de "nonce". Encontrar o nonce correto exige um esforço significativo do computador, porque envolve tentativas repetidas até que a condição seja satisfeita.

Esse processo é importante porque torna extremamente difícil alterar qualquer informação registrada em um bloco. Se alguém tentar mudar algo em um bloco, seria necessário refazer o trabalho de computação não apenas para aquele bloco, mas também para todos os blocos que vêm depois dele. Isso garante a segurança e a imutabilidade da blockchain.

A prova-de-trabalho também resolve o problema de decidir qual cadeia de blocos é a válida quando há múltiplas cadeias competindo. A decisão é feita pela cadeia mais longa, pois ela representa o maior esforço computacional já realizado. Isso impede que qualquer indivíduo ou grupo controle a rede, desde que a maioria do poder de processamento seja mantida por participantes honestos.

Para garantir que o sistema permaneça eficiente e equilibrado, a dificuldade da prova-de-trabalho é ajustada automaticamente ao longo do tempo. Se novos blocos estiverem sendo gerados rapidamente, a dificuldade aumenta; se estiverem sendo gerados muito lentamente, a dificuldade diminui. Esse ajuste assegura que novos blocos sejam criados aproximadamente a cada 10 minutos, mantendo o sistema estável e funcional.

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5. Rede

A rede Bitcoin é o coração do sistema e funciona de maneira distribuída, conectando vários participantes (ou nós) para garantir o registro e a validação das transações. Os passos para operar essa rede são:

1. Transmissão de Transações: Quando alguém realiza uma nova transação, ela é enviada para todos os nós da rede. Isso é feito para garantir que todos estejam cientes da operação e possam validá-la.

2. Coleta de Transações em Blocos: Cada nó agrupa as novas transações recebidas em um "bloco". Este bloco será preparado para ser adicionado à cadeia de blocos (a blockchain).

3. Prova-de-Trabalho: Os nós competem para resolver a prova-de-trabalho do bloco, utilizando poder computacional para encontrar um hash válido. Esse processo é como resolver um quebra-cabeça matemático difícil.

4. Envio do Bloco Resolvido: Quando um nó encontra a solução para o bloco (a prova-de-trabalho), ele compartilha esse bloco com todos os outros nós na rede.

5. Validação do Bloco: Cada nó verifica o bloco recebido para garantir que todas as transações nele contidas sejam válidas e que nenhuma moeda tenha sido gasta duas vezes. Apenas blocos válidos são aceitos.

6. Construção do Próximo Bloco: Os nós que aceitaram o bloco começam a trabalhar na criação do próximo bloco, utilizando o hash do bloco aceito como base (hash anterior). Isso mantém a continuidade da cadeia.

Resolução de Conflitos e Escolha da Cadeia Mais Longa

Os nós sempre priorizam a cadeia mais longa, pois ela representa o maior esforço computacional já realizado, garantindo maior segurança. Se dois blocos diferentes forem compartilhados simultaneamente, os nós trabalharão no primeiro bloco recebido, mas guardarão o outro como uma alternativa. Caso o segundo bloco eventualmente forme uma cadeia mais longa (ou seja, tenha mais blocos subsequentes), os nós mudarão para essa nova cadeia.

Tolerância a Falhas

A rede é robusta e pode lidar com mensagens que não chegam a todos os nós. Uma transação não precisa alcançar todos os nós de imediato; basta que chegue a um número suficiente deles para ser incluída em um bloco. Da mesma forma, se um nó não receber um bloco em tempo hábil, ele pode solicitá-lo ao perceber que está faltando quando o próximo bloco é recebido.

Esse mecanismo descentralizado permite que a rede Bitcoin funcione de maneira segura, confiável e resiliente, sem depender de uma autoridade central.

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6. Incentivo

O incentivo é um dos pilares fundamentais que sustenta o funcionamento da rede Bitcoin, garantindo que os participantes (nós) continuem operando de forma honesta e contribuindo com recursos computacionais. Ele é estruturado em duas partes principais: a recompensa por mineração e as taxas de transação.

Recompensa por Mineração

Por convenção, o primeiro registro em cada bloco é uma transação especial que cria novas moedas e as atribui ao criador do bloco. Essa recompensa incentiva os mineradores a dedicarem poder computacional para apoiar a rede. Como não há uma autoridade central para emitir moedas, essa é a maneira pela qual novas moedas entram em circulação. Esse processo pode ser comparado ao trabalho de garimpeiros, que utilizam recursos para colocar mais ouro em circulação. No caso do Bitcoin, o "recurso" consiste no tempo de CPU e na energia elétrica consumida para resolver a prova-de-trabalho.

Taxas de Transação

Além da recompensa por mineração, os mineradores também podem ser incentivados pelas taxas de transação. Se uma transação utiliza menos valor de saída do que o valor de entrada, a diferença é tratada como uma taxa, que é adicionada à recompensa do bloco contendo essa transação. Com o passar do tempo e à medida que o número de moedas em circulação atinge o limite predeterminado, essas taxas de transação se tornam a principal fonte de incentivo, substituindo gradualmente a emissão de novas moedas. Isso permite que o sistema opere sem inflação, uma vez que o número total de moedas permanece fixo.

Incentivo à Honestidade

O design do incentivo também busca garantir que os participantes da rede mantenham um comportamento honesto. Para um atacante que consiga reunir mais poder computacional do que o restante da rede, ele enfrentaria duas escolhas:

1. Usar esse poder para fraudar o sistema, como reverter transações e roubar pagamentos.
2. Seguir as regras do sistema, criando novos blocos e recebendo recompensas legítimas.

A lógica econômica favorece a segunda opção, pois um comportamento desonesto prejudicaria a confiança no sistema, diminuindo o valor de todas as moedas, incluindo aquelas que o próprio atacante possui. Jogar dentro das regras não apenas maximiza o retorno financeiro, mas também preserva a validade e a integridade do sistema.

Esse mecanismo garante que os incentivos econômicos estejam alinhados com o objetivo de manter a rede segura, descentralizada e funcional ao longo do tempo.

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7. Recuperação do Espaço em Disco

Depois que uma moeda passa a estar protegida por muitos blocos na cadeia, as informações sobre as transações antigas que a geraram podem ser descartadas para economizar espaço em disco. Para que isso seja possível sem comprometer a segurança, as transações são organizadas em uma estrutura chamada "árvore de Merkle". Essa árvore funciona como um resumo das transações: em vez de armazenar todas elas, guarda apenas um "hash raiz", que é como uma assinatura compacta que representa todo o grupo de transações.

Os blocos antigos podem, então, ser simplificados, removendo as partes desnecessárias dessa árvore. Apenas a raiz do hash precisa ser mantida no cabeçalho do bloco, garantindo que a integridade dos dados seja preservada, mesmo que detalhes específicos sejam descartados.

Para exemplificar: imagine que você tenha vários recibos de compra. Em vez de guardar todos os recibos, você cria um documento e lista apenas o valor total de cada um. Mesmo que os recibos originais sejam descartados, ainda é possível verificar a soma com base nos valores armazenados.

Além disso, o espaço ocupado pelos blocos em si é muito pequeno. Cada bloco sem transações ocupa apenas cerca de 80 bytes. Isso significa que, mesmo com blocos sendo gerados a cada 10 minutos, o crescimento anual em espaço necessário é insignificante: apenas 4,2 MB por ano. Com a capacidade de armazenamento dos computadores crescendo a cada ano, esse espaço continuará sendo trivial, garantindo que a rede possa operar de forma eficiente sem problemas de armazenamento, mesmo a longo prazo.

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8. Verificação de Pagamento Simplificada

É possível confirmar pagamentos sem a necessidade de operar um nó completo da rede. Para isso, o usuário precisa apenas de uma cópia dos cabeçalhos dos blocos da cadeia mais longa (ou seja, a cadeia com maior esforço de trabalho acumulado). Ele pode verificar a validade de uma transação ao consultar os nós da rede até obter a confirmação de que tem a cadeia mais longa. Para isso, utiliza-se o ramo Merkle, que conecta a transação ao bloco em que ela foi registrada.

Entretanto, o método simplificado possui limitações: ele não pode confirmar uma transação isoladamente, mas sim assegurar que ela ocupa um lugar específico na cadeia mais longa. Dessa forma, se um nó da rede aprova a transação, os blocos subsequentes reforçam essa aceitação.

A verificação simplificada é confiável enquanto a maioria dos nós da rede for honesta. Contudo, ela se torna vulnerável caso a rede seja dominada por um invasor. Nesse cenário, um atacante poderia fabricar transações fraudulentas que enganariam o usuário temporariamente até que o invasor obtivesse controle completo da rede.

Uma estratégia para mitigar esse risco é configurar alertas nos softwares de nós completos. Esses alertas identificam blocos inválidos, sugerindo ao usuário baixar o bloco completo para confirmar qualquer inconsistência. Para maior segurança, empresas que realizam pagamentos frequentes podem preferir operar seus próprios nós, reduzindo riscos e permitindo uma verificação mais direta e confiável.

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9. Combinando e Dividindo Valor

No sistema Bitcoin, cada unidade de valor é tratada como uma "moeda" individual, mas gerenciar cada centavo como uma transação separada seria impraticável. Para resolver isso, o Bitcoin permite que valores sejam combinados ou divididos em transações, facilitando pagamentos de qualquer valor.

Entradas e Saídas

Cada transação no Bitcoin é composta por:

• Entradas: Representam os valores recebidos em transações anteriores.
• Saídas: Correspondem aos valores enviados, divididos entre os destinatários e, eventualmente, o troco para o remetente.

Normalmente, uma transação contém:

• Uma única entrada com valor suficiente para cobrir o pagamento.
• Ou várias entradas combinadas para atingir o valor necessário.

O valor total das saídas nunca excede o das entradas, e a diferença (se houver) pode ser retornada ao remetente como troco.

Exemplo Prático

Imagine que você tem duas entradas:

1. 0,03 BTC
2. 0,07 BTC

Se deseja enviar 0,08 BTC para alguém, a transação terá:

• Entrada: As duas entradas combinadas (0,03 + 0,07 BTC = 0,10 BTC).
• Saídas: Uma para o destinatário (0,08 BTC) e outra como troco para você (0,02 BTC).

Essa flexibilidade permite que o sistema funcione sem precisar manipular cada unidade mínima individualmente.

Difusão e Simplificação

A difusão de transações, onde uma depende de várias anteriores e assim por diante, não representa um problema. Não é necessário armazenar ou verificar o histórico completo de uma transação para utilizá-la, já que o registro na blockchain garante sua integridade.

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10. Privacidade

O modelo bancário tradicional oferece um certo nível de privacidade, limitando o acesso às informações financeiras apenas às partes envolvidas e a um terceiro confiável (como bancos ou instituições financeiras). No entanto, o Bitcoin opera de forma diferente, pois todas as transações são publicamente registradas na blockchain. Apesar disso, a privacidade pode ser mantida utilizando chaves públicas anônimas, que desvinculam diretamente as transações das identidades das partes envolvidas.

Fluxo de Informação

• No modelo tradicional, as transações passam por um terceiro confiável que conhece tanto o remetente quanto o destinatário.
• No Bitcoin, as transações são anunciadas publicamente, mas sem revelar diretamente as identidades das partes. Isso é comparável a dados divulgados por bolsas de valores, onde informações como o tempo e o tamanho das negociações (a "fita") são públicas, mas as identidades das partes não.

Protegendo a Privacidade

Para aumentar a privacidade no Bitcoin, são adotadas as seguintes práticas:

1. Chaves Públicas Anônimas: Cada transação utiliza um par de chaves diferentes, dificultando a associação com um proprietário único.
2. Prevenção de Ligação: Ao usar chaves novas para cada transação, reduz-se a possibilidade de links evidentes entre múltiplas transações realizadas pelo mesmo usuário.

Riscos de Ligação

Embora a privacidade seja fortalecida, alguns riscos permanecem:

• Transações multi-entrada podem revelar que todas as entradas pertencem ao mesmo proprietário, caso sejam necessárias para somar o valor total.
• O proprietário da chave pode ser identificado indiretamente por transações anteriores que estejam conectadas.

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11. Cálculos

Imagine que temos um sistema onde as pessoas (ou computadores) competem para adicionar informações novas (blocos) a um grande registro público (a cadeia de blocos ou blockchain). Este registro é como um livro contábil compartilhado, onde todos podem verificar o que está escrito.

Agora, vamos pensar em um cenário: um atacante quer enganar o sistema. Ele quer mudar informações já registradas para beneficiar a si mesmo, por exemplo, desfazendo um pagamento que já fez. Para isso, ele precisa criar uma versão alternativa do livro contábil (a cadeia de blocos dele) e convencer todos os outros participantes de que essa versão é a verdadeira.

Mas isso é extremamente difícil.

Como o Ataque Funciona

Quando um novo bloco é adicionado à cadeia, ele depende de cálculos complexos que levam tempo e esforço. Esses cálculos são como um grande quebra-cabeça que precisa ser resolvido.

• Os “bons jogadores” (nós honestos) estão sempre trabalhando juntos para resolver esses quebra-cabeças e adicionar novos blocos à cadeia verdadeira.
• O atacante, por outro lado, precisa resolver quebra-cabeças sozinho, tentando “alcançar” a cadeia honesta para que sua versão alternativa pareça válida.

Se a cadeia honesta já está vários blocos à frente, o atacante começa em desvantagem, e o sistema está projetado para que a dificuldade de alcançá-los aumente rapidamente.

A Corrida Entre Cadeias

Você pode imaginar isso como uma corrida. A cada bloco novo que os jogadores honestos adicionam à cadeia verdadeira, eles se distanciam mais do atacante. Para vencer, o atacante teria que resolver os quebra-cabeças mais rápido que todos os outros jogadores honestos juntos.

Suponha que:

• A rede honesta tem 80% do poder computacional (ou seja, resolve 8 de cada 10 quebra-cabeças).
• O atacante tem 20% do poder computacional (ou seja, resolve 2 de cada 10 quebra-cabeças).

Cada vez que a rede honesta adiciona um bloco, o atacante tem que "correr atrás" e resolver mais quebra-cabeças para alcançar.

Por Que o Ataque Fica Cada Vez Mais Improvável?

Vamos usar uma fórmula simples para mostrar como as chances de sucesso do atacante diminuem conforme ele precisa "alcançar" mais blocos:

P = (q/p)^z

• q é o poder computacional do atacante (20%, ou 0,2).
• p é o poder computacional da rede honesta (80%, ou 0,8).
• z é a diferença de blocos entre a cadeia honesta e a cadeia do atacante.

Se o atacante está 5 blocos atrás (z = 5):

P = (0,2 / 0,8)^5 = (0,25)^5 = 0,00098, (ou, 0,098%)

Isso significa que o atacante tem menos de 0,1% de chance de sucesso — ou seja, é muito improvável.

Se ele estiver 10 blocos atrás (z = 10):

P = (0,2 / 0,8)^10 = (0,25)^10 = 0,000000095, (ou, 0,0000095%).

Neste caso, as chances de sucesso são praticamente nulas.

Um Exemplo Simples

Se você jogar uma moeda, a chance de cair “cara” é de 50%. Mas se precisar de 10 caras seguidas, sua chance já é bem menor. Se precisar de 20 caras seguidas, é quase impossível.

No caso do Bitcoin, o atacante precisa de muito mais do que 20 caras seguidas. Ele precisa resolver quebra-cabeças extremamente difíceis e alcançar os jogadores honestos que estão sempre à frente. Isso faz com que o ataque seja inviável na prática.

Por Que Tudo Isso é Seguro?

• A probabilidade de sucesso do atacante diminui exponencialmente. Isso significa que, quanto mais tempo passa, menor é a chance de ele conseguir enganar o sistema.
• A cadeia verdadeira (honesta) está protegida pela força da rede. Cada novo bloco que os jogadores honestos adicionam à cadeia torna mais difícil para o atacante alcançar.

E Se o Atacante Tentar Continuar?

O atacante poderia continuar tentando indefinidamente, mas ele estaria gastando muito tempo e energia sem conseguir nada. Enquanto isso, os jogadores honestos estão sempre adicionando novos blocos, tornando o trabalho do atacante ainda mais inútil.

Assim, o sistema garante que a cadeia verdadeira seja extremamente segura e que ataques sejam, na prática, impossíveis de ter sucesso.

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12. Conclusão

Propusemos um sistema de transações eletrônicas que elimina a necessidade de confiança, baseando-se em assinaturas digitais e em uma rede peer-to-peer que utiliza prova de trabalho. Isso resolve o problema do gasto duplo, criando um histórico público de transações imutável, desde que a maioria do poder computacional permaneça sob controle dos participantes honestos. A rede funciona de forma simples e descentralizada, com nós independentes que não precisam de identificação ou coordenação direta. Eles entram e saem livremente, aceitando a cadeia de prova de trabalho como registro do que ocorreu durante sua ausência. As decisões são tomadas por meio do poder de CPU, validando blocos legítimos, estendendo a cadeia e rejeitando os inválidos. Com este mecanismo de consenso, todas as regras e incentivos necessários para o funcionamento seguro e eficiente do sistema são garantidos.

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Faça o download do whitepaper original em português: https://bitcoin.org/files/bitcoin-paper/bitcoin_pt_br.pdf

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

link #list #descentralismo #hardware

OpenSourceHardware #OSH #OSHW #Free #FOSH #Scheme #OpenSource

DIY (Do It Yourself) #modular #repairable

NoBigTech #unrestricted #antibackdoor

Certification Group:

Open Source Hardware Association - OSHWA

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FOSS Software for Making Hardware

• kiCad - Electronics Design Automation Suite [info] [source]
• Blender - 2D and 3D designs [info] [source]

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Energy

• OSSI - Open Source Solar Inverter [source]
• OpenMI - Open source grid-tied photovoltaic micro-inverter [source]

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Component

Microcontroller

• Arduino - OSHWA certified single-board microcontroller [source]

Transmission

• MOD-WIFI-ESP8266 - OSHWA certified Wifi module [source]
• ESP32-EVB - OSHWA certified Wifi module [source]

Microcomputer - OLinuXino - OSHWA certified Linux Board based on Raspberry Pi [info] [source] - Banana Pi - Linux Board based on Raspberry Pi [info] [CAD] [source]

Partially OSHW

Microcomputer

• Raspberry Pi - Everything open except the GPU and ARM CPU chip [Schematic] [source]

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Hardwallet

Closed Scheme

• Krux Yahboom K210 - DIY Hardware Wallet with Arduino [source1] [source2] [source3] [source4]

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Computer

Laptop

• MNT Reform - OSHWA certified DIY Laptop [source]
• Novena - [CAD 1] [CAD 2] [source]

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Phones

Closed Scheme

(with Linux OS support)

• Librem 5 - Free software and Security switch
• Fairphone 2 (till 5) - Easily Repairable
• Pinephone (and Pro) - Easily Repairable
• Shiftphone 8 [preorder] - Easily Repairable
• Dragonbox Pyra - Handheld computer

Custom Phones

Arduino

• Arduinophone - Touchscreen phone with Seeeduino GPRS [info] [source]
• MIT DIY Cellphone - Segmented display [source]
• 3G DIY Cellphone - 3G cellphone based on GSM/GPRS Arduino shield and damellis’ MIT DIY Cellphone [source]
• Circuitmess Ringo (antes MakerPhone) - Educational DIY mobile phone [source]

Raspberry Pi

• PiPhone - Raspberry Pi based Smartphone [source]
• ZeroPhone - Raspberry Pi Zero Linux phone with Arduino [info] [source]
• OURphone - DIY Linux Smartphone without bigtechs [info] [source]

OSHWLab Motherboard

• Paxo Phone - Basic Modular phone with PaxOS [info] [source]

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3D Printer

• RepRap - Replicating Rapid Prototyper [info] [souce]

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House

Architecture and design

• WikiHouse – project to design and build houses
• OpenStructures - design from furniture to house and vehicles

Domotics (Home automation)

• Domoticz - Easy Software for Domotics [source]

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Robotics

• Berkeley Humanoid Lite - Printable Humanoid Robot [source]

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Defense and guns

• FGC-9 MKII - 3D-printable semiautomatic pistol caliber carbine
• WarFairy Charon - 3D-printable AR-15 lower receiver [info]

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Medical

• OpenBionics Prosthetic-Hands - Design of open-source prosthetic hand [source]
• Open source Leg - [info] [scheme] [source]
• OpenLung - Open source ventilator (breathing apparatus) [source]
• Makair - Open-source ventilator (breathing apparatus) [source]

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

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เพราะในโลกที่นมไม่ใช่นม ชีสไม่ใช่ชีส และวัวไม่จำเป็นต้องกินหญ้า เรากำลังเข้าสู่ยุคที่ “นม 2.0” กำลังถูกออกแบบใหม่… ด้วยจุลินทรีย์ บริษัทหนึ่งจากจีนชื่อว่า Changing Biotech กำลังจะทำให้มันกลายเป็นความจริง ด้วยเป้าหมายที่ไม่ธรรมดา เปลี่ยนโครงสร้างนมทั้งระบบ โดยไม่ต้องใช้วัวแม้แต่ตัวเดียวเช่นกันครับ

หลายคนอาจคุ้นชื่อ Perfect Day บริษัทอเมริกันที่เป็นรายแรก ๆ ในโลกที่สามารถผลิตเวย์โปรตีนจากเชื้อราแบบไม่ใช้สัตว์ ด้วยเทคโนโลยี precision fermentation ซึ่งตอนนี้มีแบรนด์ไอศกรีม เนย และโยเกิร์ตของตัวเองกระจายขายในห้างทั่วอเมริกา แต่ Changing Biotech กลับเลือกเดินอีกเส้นทาง เส้นทางที่อาจลึกกว่า แยบยลกว่า และอาจ “กลืน” ตลาดในเอเชียโดยที่ผู้บริโภคไม่รู้ตัว

แน่นอนว่าสิทธิบัตรการค้นคว้าต่างๆมีมูลค่าสูง เบื้องหลังเทคโนโลยีของ Changing Biotech ไม่ใช่แค่การเลียนแบบ แต่คือการ สร้างใหม่ตั้งแต่ระดับจุลินทรีย์ พวกเขาไม่ได้แค่ยืมเชื้อราสำเร็จรูปอย่าง Trichoderma มาใส่ยีนโปรตีน แต่ “เพาะสายพันธุ์จุลินทรีย์ขึ้นมาเอง” เพื่อควบคุมการผลิตโปรตีนอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ทั้งเวย์และเคซีน ซึ่งเป็นสององค์ประกอบหลักของนมแท้ นี่คือสิ่งที่แม้แต่ Perfect Day เองก็ยังไม่ได้โฟกัสเต็มตัว เพราะยังผลิตแต่เวย์เพียงอย่างเดียว Perfect Day ใช้ Trichoderma reesei เชื้อราชนิดที่วงการอาหารใช้กันมานานในการหมักเวย์โปรตีน เชื้อราชนิดนี้ปลอดภัย และได้รับการอนุมัติให้ใช้ในอาหารในหลายประเทศ แต่ Changing Biotechกลับล้ำไปอีกขั้น พวกเขาไม่ได้ยืมของใครมาใช้ แต่ 'สร้างจุลินทรีย์แพลตฟอร์มของตัวเอง' (customized microbial chassis) และมี ความสามารถด้าน strain engineering แบบ in-house ซึ่งทำให้พวกเขาควบคุมประสิทธิภาพการผลิต และลดต้นทุนได้แบบลึกสุดใจไม่ต้องซื้อให้เปลืองครับ

การผลิตเคซีนได้ในระดับอุตสาหกรรมหมายถึงอะไร? มันหมายถึง ชีสที่ยืดได้จริง หลอมได้จริง และ “เนื้อสัมผัสแบบชีสแท้” ที่แบรนด์ plant-based ยังเลียนแบบไม่ได้ และนั่นคือกุญแจสำคัญที่ทำให้ Changing Biotech ถูกจับตามองในวงการ alt-dairy ว่าอาจเป็น “Formo เวอร์ชันจีน” ที่จะครองตลาดชีสทั้งเอเชีย Changing Biotech ตั้งเป้าผลิต ทั้งเวย์และเคซีน ซึ่งทำให้สามารถพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์ที่มี “เนื้อสัมผัสและการหลอมตัวแบบชีสแท้จริง” ได้ครบวงจรกว่า โดยเฉพาะพวก mozzarella และ cheddar ที่ต้องพึ่งเคซีนในการขึ้นรูป จุดนี้คือกุญแจสำคัญในการตีตลาด “ชีสพรีเมียม” ที่วัตถุดิบจากพืชทำไม่ได้

แต่ที่น่าจับตายิ่งกว่านั้นคือ ทุนและเครือข่ายในประเทศ ที่ Perfect Day ไม่มี แม้ฝั่งอเมริกาจะมีเงินลงทุนหลักเกิน 800 ล้านดอลลาร์ แต่ฐานการผลิตอยู่ในสหรัฐฯ ซึ่งทำให้มีต้นทุนสูงกว่า ส่วนในจีน Changing Biotech ได้รับแรงหนุนจากรัฐบาลจีนผ่านนโยบายสนับสนุน “เทคโนโลยีอาหารแห่งอนาคต” และมีแนวโน้มว่าจะได้สิทธิพิเศษด้าน supply chain และการผลิตระดับอุตสาหกรรมภายในประเทศจีน ซึ่งเป็น ตลาดที่ Perfect Day เจาะยาก รวมถึงได้รับแรงหนุนจากกองทุนอาหารแห่งอนาคตอย่าง Bits x Bites ที่ทำงานร่วมกับรัฐบาลจีนโดยตรงในแผน 5 ปีด้านเทคโนโลยีอาหาร เป้าหมายชัดเจน ลดการพึ่งพาโปรตีนจากสัตว์ และสร้างระบบนมแห่งชาติแบบไร้สัตว์

โมเดลของพวกเขาต่างกับ Perfect Day ที่เน้นการสร้างแบรนด์ (เช่น Brave Robot, Modern Kitchen) และขายตรงกับผู้บริโภค แต่ Changing Biotech ไม่ใช่การตั้งแบรนด์ขายแข่งกันในห้าง แต่เป็น “ผู้อยู่เบื้องหลัง” ของแบรนด์ใหญ่อื่น ๆ โดยซัพพลายโปรตีนให้แบบ OEM ให้กับผู้ผลิตอาหารในจีน ซึ่งทำให้สามารถฝังตัวเข้า supply chain ของอุตสาหกรรมนมจีนได้เงียบ ๆ แต่ทรงพลัง โมเดลนี้คล้ายกับ Givaudan หรือ DSM ที่เน้นการเป็นผู้อยู่เบื้องหลังผลิตภัณฑ์แบรนด์อื่น

จะเรียกว่า Perfect Day คือ Apple ของนมไร้สัตว์ก็ได้ แต่ Changing Biotech กำลังเป็น Huawei ของอุตสาหกรรมนม ที่สร้างเทคโนโลยีขึ้นเองทั้งระบบ ควบคุมเบ็ดเสร็จตั้งแต่เชื้อจุลินทรีย์ยันขั้นตอนผลิต แล้วส่งต่อให้แบรนด์อื่นใช้แบบครบวงจร

ในวันที่ผู้บริโภคในจีนตักไอศกรีม “จากครีมจุลินทรีย์” หรือกินชีส “ไม่มีสัตว์เจือปน” อาจไม่มีใครรู้เลยว่าเบื้องหลังของรสสัมผัสนั้น คือจุลินทรีย์จากโรงงานที่พัฒนาโดย Changing Biotech ทั้งสิ้น

คำถามคือ แล้วมันดีต่อสุขภาพแค่ไหน? มันดีกว่าการรีดนมจากวัวจริง ๆ หรือแค่ดีต่อ narrative ของคนเมืองที่อยาก feel good แค่นั้น?

แล้วถ้าทุกประเทศเดินตามเทรนด์นี้ ใครกันแน่จะเป็นเจ้าของ “สูตรโปรตีนแห่งอนาคต” ที่ครองอำนาจอาหารของทั้งโลก?

คำตอบอาจไม่ได้อยู่ในกล่องนม แต่ในห้องแล็บจุลินทรีย์ของบริษัทที่เราไม่เคยได้ยินชื่อ

ยิ่งเราคุยกันนานเท่าไร ยิ่งรู้สึกแล้วใช่ไหมครับว่า อาหารอนาคต ไม่ใช่อาหารที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต แต่เป็น อาหารที่เราจะถูกครอบงำในอนาคต ซึ่งเริ่มไปแล้ว . . . วันนี้

นึกภาพวันที่ทุกคนล้วนรังเกียจนมจากวัว แล้วยินดีโอบกอดรับนมจากจุลินทรีย์ ด้วยความยินดีปรีดา

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The exchange, which collapsed in 2022, will distribute $5 billion to creditors starting May 30.

On May 30, FTX will begin the second phase of repayments, delivering over $5 billion to eligible creditors. According to the official announcement, payments will be processed through two main providers: BitGo and Kraken.

Creditors can expect to receive their funds within a relatively short period — from one to three business days after the distribution begins. This second round focuses on creditors with claims over $50,000, following the first repayment phase launched in February for smaller claims.

John Ray III, current CEO of FTX, has allocated about $11.4 billion for customer repayments. Creditors will receive amounts calculated based on the value of crypto assets at the time of the bankruptcy filing (November 2022).

Variable repayment percentages

The distribution plan foresees differentiated payout rates based on the various categories of claims:

• Dotcom customer claims will receive 72%;
• U.S. customer claims will get 54%;
• General unsecured claims and claims from digital asset loans will each receive 61%;
• Convenience class claims will see a 120% repayment.

“These initial distributions to non-convenience classes mark a significant milestone for FTX,” stated the exchange’s CEO.

Requirements to claim repayments

To receive payments, creditors must complete several mandatory steps:

• Log into the FTX Customer Portal;
• Complete KYC (Know Your Customer) verification;
• Submit the required tax forms;
• Complete onboarding with BitGo or Kraken.

The post FTX: over $5 billion ready for creditors in second repayment phase appeared first on Atlas21.

@ b4403b24:83542d4e

To celebrate the #BitcoinPizzaDay - I'm offering a full ticket pass for the BTC conference in Vegas with a good discount. It includes the following perks:

1. Admission to Days 2 and 3 of Bitcoin 2025
2. Access to Main Stage, Open-Source Stages, and more featuring top speakers
3. Entry to the world’s largest Bitcoin Expo Hall
4. Access to the Bitcoin Conference App

Does not include access to Code & Country Industry Day

If interested comment your contacts so that we can get in touch.

https://stacker.news/items/981227

@ 5490af12:d4710677

| | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | bitcoinmetronome.com | | cornjoin.com | | decentralisedvalueexchange.com | | decentralizedvalueexchange.com | | memeswaps.com | | bitcoinculture.org |

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install SDAI (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, and allow notifications when prompted
3. Complete the introduction to get started
4. Set Local Diffusion Microsoft ONNX as provider
5. In the configuration step, Download a model (such as Real Vision) and wait for the process to finish
6. Once the model is downloaded, tap on it and then select Setup
7. You can now create images offline by entering a Prompt and tapping 🪄 Imagine

ℹ️ Download the tracking-free FOSS variant

ℹ️ Internet connection is only required for the initial model download

ℹ️ To speed up image generation, consider reducing the image size (e.g. 256x256)

@ 28e13303:84bb7266

⚠️ Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only. Flash USDT is a blockchain simulation tool used for wallet testing, UI development, or demonstration purposes. It should not be used for fraudulent activity. @crypptrcver is not responsible for misuse.

💡 What Is Flash USDT? Flash USDT is a synthetic transaction method that simulates the transfer of Tether (USDT) into a wallet. These transactions appear instantly in wallet balances — without ever being confirmed on the blockchain — and disappear after a short time or block interval.

Think of it as a temporary, visual representation of USDT that looks real in a wallet but vanishes after expiry.

🧠 Flash USDT: The Basics 👁️ Visible in supported wallets confirmed on-chain ⏱️ Disappears after 20–60 minutes (or X blocks) 💸 Can be withdrawn and traded ⚙️ Used in wallet testing, UI simulation, and balance display demos Also known as:

Flash USDT Wallet Tool Flash USDT Sender Atomic Flash USDT Flash USDT Binance Sim 🛠️ How Flash USDT Works You input a wallet address (TRC20, ERC20, or BEP20) Flash USDT software sends an instant transaction Wallet displays the amount — as if it were real After expiry (e.g., 30 minutes), the tokens vanish It creates the illusion of a deposit without requiring real blockchain confirmation. Most users use Flash USDT for:

Wallet UI testing “Proof of funds” simulations Demo environments Smart contract UX testing 🔧 Supported Networks & Wallets Flash USDT supports all major token standards:

🔸 TRC20 (Tron Network) 🔸 ERC20 (Ethereum) 🔸 BEP20 (Binance Smart Chain) It works with wallets such as:

✅ Trust Wallet ✅ MetaMask ✅ TronLink ✅ Binance Wallet ✅ Atomic Wallet The balance appears instantly, just like a real incoming USDT deposit.

🔥 Features of Flash USDT Sender FeatureDescriptionNetwork supportTRC20 / ERC20 / BEP20Visibility duration20 minutes — 2 hoursWallet compatibilityNon-KYC wallets that show unconfirmed TXsFlash USDT Binance modeSimulates deposits into BSC walletsAdjustable transaction sizeSend any custom USDT amountStealth expiryClean disappearance without trace

This is especially helpful in scenarios where you need to test token flows, design wallet apps, or simulate incoming funding activity

📞 How to Buy Flash USDT To get your Flash USDT transaction or software setup:

💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821

Available packages:

🎯 One-time Flash USDT Send 💻 Full Flash USDT Software Tool 📱 Flash Sender for Mobile/Android 🌐 Multi-wallet Simulation Package You can request TRC20, ERC20, or BEP20 flash transactions depending on the wallet or network you’re working with.

⚠️ Legal & Ethical Use Only While Flash USDT is a powerful blockchain simulation tool, using it to deceive, fake trades, or commit fraud is illegal. Flash transactions should only be used for:

✅ Personal testing ✅ Blockchain development ✅ Wallet UI testing ✅ Research and education Any misuse is your full responsibility.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions What is Flash USDT? A temporary USDT transaction that appears in a wallet balance without confirming on the blockchain. It disappears after a set time or block count.

Is Flash USDT real money? No. It is a simulated deposit, not spendable or tradable.

Can I use Flash USDT on Binance? You can send it to BSC (BEP20) wallets, but you cannot use it on the Binance exchange. It’s for display/testing only.

How do I buy Flash USDT? Contact @crypptrcver on Telegram or WhatsApp to purchase a transaction or the full sender software.

What does Atomic Flash USDT mean? It refers to Flash USDT transactions that are time-bound and expire silently, simulating atomic wallet behavior.

🧠 Final Thoughts Flash USDT is one of the most advanced crypto testing tools available in 2025. Whether you’re simulating wallet behavior, demonstrating a smart contract front end, or simply showing a visual “deposit” for testing, Flash USDT provides an incredibly realistic experience — without ever moving real funds.

👉 Ready to simulate your first USDT transaction?

💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821

Packages available for:

TRC20 BEP20 ERC20 Custom wallet simulations

⚠️ Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only. Flash USDT is a blockchain simulation tool used for wallet testing, UI development, or demonstration purposes. It should not be used for fraudulent activity. @crypptrcver is not responsible for misuse.

💡 What Is Flash USDT?

Flash USDT is a synthetic transaction method that simulates the transfer of Tether (USDT) into a wallet. These transactions appear instantly in wallet balances — without ever being confirmed on the blockchain — and disappear after a short time or block interval.

Think of it as a temporary, visual representation of USDT that looks real in a wallet but vanishes after expiry.

🧠 Flash USDT: The Basics

• 👁️ Visible in supported wallets
• confirmed on-chain
• ⏱️ Disappears after 20–60 minutes (or X blocks)
• 💸 Can be withdrawn and traded
• ⚙️ Used in wallet testing, UI simulation, and balance display demos

Also known as:

• Flash USDT Wallet Tool
• Flash USDT Sender
• Atomic Flash USDT
• Flash USDT Binance Sim

🛠️ How Flash USDT Works

1. You input a wallet address (TRC20, ERC20, or BEP20)
2. Flash USDT software sends an instant transaction
3. Wallet displays the amount — as if it were real
4. After expiry (e.g., 30 minutes), the tokens vanish

It creates the illusion of a deposit without requiring real blockchain confirmation. Most users use Flash USDT for:

• Wallet UI testing
• “Proof of funds” simulations
• Demo environments
• Smart contract UX testing

🔧 Supported Networks & Wallets

Flash USDT supports all major token standards:

• 🔸 TRC20 (Tron Network)
• 🔸 ERC20 (Ethereum)
• 🔸 BEP20 (Binance Smart Chain)

It works with wallets such as:

• ✅ Trust Wallet
• ✅ MetaMask
• ✅ TronLink
• ✅ Binance Wallet
• ✅ Atomic Wallet

The balance appears instantly, just like a real incoming USDT deposit.

🔥 Features of Flash USDT Sender

FeatureDescriptionNetwork supportTRC20 / ERC20 / BEP20Visibility duration20 minutes — 2 hoursWallet compatibilityNon-KYC wallets that show unconfirmed TXsFlash USDT Binance modeSimulates deposits into BSC walletsAdjustable transaction sizeSend any custom USDT amountStealth expiryClean disappearance without trace

This is especially helpful in scenarios where you need to test token flows, design wallet apps, or simulate incoming funding activity

📞 How to Buy Flash USDT

To get your Flash USDT transaction or software setup:

💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver\ 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821

Available packages:

• 🎯 One-time Flash USDT Send
• 💻 Full Flash USDT Software Tool
• 📱 Flash Sender for Mobile/Android
• 🌐 Multi-wallet Simulation Package

You can request TRC20, ERC20, or BEP20 flash transactions depending on the wallet or network you’re working with.

⚠️ Legal & Ethical Use Only

While Flash USDT is a powerful blockchain simulation tool, using it to deceive, fake trades, or commit fraud is illegal. Flash transactions should only be used for:

• ✅ Personal testing
• ✅ Blockchain development
• ✅ Wallet UI testing
• ✅ Research and education

Any misuse is your full responsibility.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What is Flash USDT?

A temporary USDT transaction that appears in a wallet balance without confirming on the blockchain. It disappears after a set time or block count.

Is Flash USDT real money?

No. It is a simulated deposit, not spendable or tradable.

Can I use Flash USDT on Binance?

You can send it to BSC (BEP20) wallets, but you cannot use it on the Binance exchange. It’s for display/testing only.

How do I buy Flash USDT?

Contact @crypptrcver on Telegram or WhatsApp to purchase a transaction or the full sender software.

What does Atomic Flash USDT mean?

It refers to Flash USDT transactions that are time-bound and expire silently, simulating atomic wallet behavior.

🧠 Final Thoughts

Flash USDT is one of the most advanced crypto testing tools available in 2025. Whether you’re simulating wallet behavior, demonstrating a smart contract front end, or simply showing a visual “deposit” for testing, Flash USDT provides an incredibly realistic experience — without ever moving real funds.

👉 Ready to simulate your first USDT transaction?

💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver\ 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821

Packages available for:

• TRC20
• BEP20
• ERC20
• Custom wallet simulations

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

Today I rode my bicycle to work and then I had to ride halfway back home to go to a picnic event, kind of a thing. And then I had a bike back to work to help unload stuff and then I had to bike home. So, I got some extra exercise in today and a bit unexpected, but that's good. This image was while I was taking a little walk, it looked like a tiny forest. https://usermedia.actifit.io/125670ce-4e00-493c-a0b4-4c42d542391f This report was published via Actifit app (https://bit.ly/actifit-app | https://bit.ly/actifit-ios). Check out the original version https://actifit.io/@crrdlx/actifit-crrdlx-20250515t231342287z 15/05/2025 24933 Cycling, Jogging, Walking

Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@crrdlx/actifit-crrdlx-20250515t231342287z

Auto cross-post via Hostr v0.1.16 at https://hostr-home.vercel.app

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

The recent shutdown of TikTok in the United States due to a potential government ban serves as a stark reminder how fragile centralized platforms truly are under the surface. While these platforms offer convenience, a more polished user experience, and connectivity, they are ultimately beholden to governments, corporations, and other authorities. This makes them vulnerable to censorship, regulation, and outright bans. In contrast, Nostr represents a shift in how we approach online communication and content sharing. Built on the principles of decentralization and user choice, Nostr cannot be banned, because it is not a platform—it is a protocol.

PROTOCOLS, NOT PLATFORMS.

At the heart of Nostr's philosophy is user choice, a feature that fundamentally sets it apart from legacy platforms. In centralized systems, the user experience is dictated by a single person or governing entity. If the platform decides to filter, censor, or ban specific users or content, individuals are left with little action to rectify the situation. They must either accept the changes or abandon the platform entirely, often at the cost of losing their social connections, their data, and their identity.

What's happening with TikTok could never happen on Nostr. With Nostr, the dynamics are completely different. Because it is a protocol, not a platform, no single entity controls the ecosystem. Instead, the protocol enables a network of applications and relays that users can freely choose from. If a particular application or relay implements policies that a user disagrees with, such as censorship, filtering, or even government enforced banning, they are not trapped or abandoned. They have the freedom to move to another application or relay with minimal effort.

THIS IS POWERFUL.

Take, for example, the case of a relay that decides to censor specific content. On a legacy platform, this would result in frustration and a loss of access for users. On Nostr, however, users can simply connect to a different relay that does not impose such restrictions. Similarly, if an application introduces features or policies that users dislike, they can migrate to a different application that better suits their preferences, all while retaining their identity and social connections.

The same principles apply to government bans and censorship. A government can ban a specific application or even multiple applications, just as it can block one relay or several relays. China has implemented both tactics, yet Chinese users continue to exist and actively participate on Nostr, demonstrating Nostr's ability to resistant censorship.

How? Simply, it turns into a game of whack-a-mole. When one relay is censored, another quickly takes its place. When one application is banned, another emerges. Users can also bypass these obstacles by running their own relays and applications directly from their homes or personal devices, eliminating reliance on larger entities or organizations and ensuring continuous access.

AGAIN, THIS IS POWERUFL.

Nostr's open and decentralized design makes it resistant to the kinds of government intervention that led to TikTok's outages this weekend and potential future ban in the next 90 days. There is no central server to target, no company to regulate, and no single point of failure. (Insert your CEO jokes here). As long as there are individuals running relays and applications, users continue creating notes and sending zaps.

Platforms like TikTok can be silenced with the stroke of a pen, leaving millions of users disconnected and abandoned. Social communication should not be silenced so incredibly easily. No one should have that much power over social interactions.

Will we on-board a massive wave of TikTokers in the coming hours or days? I don't know.

TikTokers may not be ready for Nostr yet, and honestly, Nostr may not be ready for them either. The ecosystem still lacks the completely polished applications, tools, and services they’re accustomed to. This is where we say "we're still early". They may not be early adopters like the current Nostr user base. Until we bridge that gap, they’ll likely move to the next centralized platform, only to face another government ban or round of censorship in the future. But eventually, there will come a tipping point, a moment when they’ve had enough. When that time comes, I hope we’re prepared. If we’re not, we risk missing a tremendous opportunity to onboard people who genuinely need Nostr’s freedom.

Until then, to all of the Nostr developers out there, keep up the great work and keep building. Your hard work and determination is needed.

@ cff1720e:15c7e2b2

Einleitung\ \ Schwierige Dinge einfach zu erklären ist der Anspruch von ELI5 (explain me like I'm 5). Das ist in unserer hoch technisierten Welt dringend erforderlich, denn nur mit dem Verständnis der Technologien können wir sie richtig einsetzen und weiter entwickeln.\ Ich starte meine Serie mit Nostr, einem relativ neuen Internet-Protokoll. Was zum Teufel ist ein Internet-Protokoll? Formal beschrieben sind es internationale Standards, die dafür sorgen, dass das Internet seit über 30 Jahren ziemlich gut funktioniert. Es ist die Sprache, in der sich die Rechner miteinander unterhalten und die auch Sie täglich nutzen, vermutlich ohne es bewusst wahrzunehmen. http(s) transportiert ihre Anfrage an einen Server (z.B. Amazon), und html sorgt dafür, dass aus den gelieferten Daten eine schöne Seite auf ihrem Bildschirm entsteht. Eine Mail wird mit smtp an den Mailserver gesendet und mit imap von ihm abgerufen, und da alle den Standard verwenden, funktioniert das mit jeder App auf jedem Betriebssystem und mit jedem Mail-Provider. Und mit einer Mail-Adresse wie roland@pareto.space können sie sogar jederzeit umziehen, egal wohin. Cool, das ist state of the art! Aber warum funktioniert das z.B. bei Chat nicht, gibt es da kein Protokoll? Doch, es heißt IRC (Internet Relay Chat → merken sie sich den Namen), aber es wird so gut wie nicht verwendet. Die Gründe dafür sind nicht technischer Natur, vielmehr wurden mit Apps wie Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Telegram, Instagram, TikTok u.a. bewusst Inkompatibilitäten und Nutzerabhängigkeiten geschaffen um Profite zu maximieren.

Warum Nostr?

Da das Standard-Protokoll nicht genutzt wird, hat jede App ihr eigenes, und wir brauchen eine handvoll Apps um uns mit allen Bekannten auszutauschen. Eine Mobilfunknummer ist Voraussetzung für jedes Konto, damit können die App-Hersteller die Nutzer umfassend tracken und mit dem Verkauf der Informationen bis zu 30 USD je Konto und Monat verdienen. Der Nutzer ist nicht mehr Kunde, er ist das Produkt! Der Werbe-SPAM ist noch das kleinste Problem bei diesem Geschäftsmodell. Server mit Millionen von Nutzerdaten sind ein “honey pot”, dementsprechend oft werden sie gehackt und die Zugangsdaten verkauft. 2024 wurde auch der Twitter-Account vom damaligen Präsidenten Joe Biden gehackt, niemand wusste mehr wer die Nachrichten verfasst hat (vorher auch nicht), d.h. die Authentizität der Inhalte ist bei keinem dieser Anbieter gewährleistet. Im selben Jahr wurde der Telegram-Gründer in Frankreich in Beugehaft genommen, weil er sich geweigert hatte Hintertüren in seine Software einzubauen. Nun kann zum Schutz "unserer Demokratie” praktisch jeder mitlesen, was sie mit wem an Informationen austauschen, z.B. darüber welches Shampoo bestimmte Politiker verwenden. 

Und wer tatsächlich glaubt er könne Meinungsfreiheit auf sozialen Medien praktizieren, findet sich schnell in der Situation von Donald Trump wieder (seinerzeit amtierender Präsident), dem sein Twitter-Konto 2021 abgeschaltet wurde (Cancel-Culture). Die Nutzerdaten, also ihr Profil, ihre Kontakte, Dokumente, Bilder, Videos und Audiofiles - gehören ihnen ohnehin nicht mehr sondern sind Eigentum des Plattform-Betreibers; lesen sie sich mal die AGB's durch. Aber nein, keine gute Idee, das sind hunderte Seiten und sie werden permanent geändert. Alle nutzen also Apps, deren Technik sie nicht verstehen, deren Regeln sie nicht kennen, wo sie keine Rechte haben und die ihnen die Resultate ihres Handelns stehlen. Was würde wohl der Fünfjährige sagen, wenn ihm seine ältere Schwester anbieten würde, alle seine Spielzeuge zu “verwalten” und dann auszuhändigen wenn er brav ist? “Du spinnst wohl”, und damit beweist der Knirps mehr Vernunft als die Mehrzahl der Erwachsenen. \ \ Resümee: keine Standards, keine Daten, keine Rechte = keine Zukunft!

\ Wie funktioniert Nostr?

Die Entwickler von Nostr haben erkannt dass sich das Server-Client-Konzept in ein Master-Slave-Konzept verwandelt hatte. Der Master ist ein Synonym für Zentralisierung und wird zum “single point of failure”, der zwangsläufig Systeme dysfunktional macht. In einem verteilten Peer2Peer-System gibt es keine Master mehr sondern nur gleichberechtigte Knoten (Relays), auf denen die Informationen gespeichert werden. Indem man Informationen auf mehreren Relays redundant speichert, ist das System in jeglicher Hinsicht resilienter. Nicht nur die Natur verwendet dieses Prinzip seit Jahrmillionen erfolgreich, auch das Internet wurde so konzipiert (das ARPAnet wurde vom US-Militär für den Einsatz in Kriegsfällen unter massiven Störungen entwickelt). Alle Nostr-Daten liegen auf Relays und der Nutzer kann wählen zwischen öffentlichen (zumeist kostenlosen) und privaten Relays, z.B. für geschlossene Gruppen oder zum Zwecke von Daten-Archivierung. Da Dokumente auf mehreren Relays gespeichert sind, werden statt URL's (Locator) eindeutige Dokumentnamen (URI's = Identifier) verwendet, broken Links sind damit Vergangenheit und Löschungen / Verluste ebenfalls.\ \ Jedes Dokument (Event genannt) wird vom Besitzer signiert, es ist damit authentisch und fälschungssicher und kann nur vom Ersteller gelöscht werden. Dafür wird ein Schlüsselpaar verwendet bestehend aus privatem (nsec) und öffentlichem Schlüssel (npub) wie aus der Mailverschlüsselung (PGP) bekannt. Das repräsentiert eine Nostr-Identität, die um Bild, Namen, Bio und eine lesbare Nostr-Adresse ergänzt werden kann (z.B. roland@pareto.space ), mehr braucht es nicht um alle Ressourcen des Nostr-Ökosystems zu nutzen. Und das besteht inzwischen aus über hundert Apps mit unterschiedlichen Fokussierungen, z.B. für persönliche verschlüsselte Nachrichten (DM → OxChat), Kurznachrichten (Damus, Primal), Blogbeiträge (Pareto), Meetups (Joinstr), Gruppen (Groups), Bilder (Olas), Videos (Amethyst), Audio-Chat (Nostr Nests), Audio-Streams (Tunestr), Video-Streams (Zap.Stream), Marktplätze (Shopstr) u.v.a.m. Die Anmeldung erfolgt mit einem Klick (single sign on) und den Apps stehen ALLE Nutzerdaten zur Verfügung (Profil, Daten, Kontakte, Social Graph → Follower, Bookmarks, Comments, etc.), im Gegensatz zu den fragmentierten Datensilos der Gegenwart.\ \ Resümee: ein offener Standard, alle Daten, alle Rechte = große Zukunft!

\ Warum ist Nostr die Zukunft des Internet?

“Baue Dein Haus nicht auf einem fremden Grundstück” gilt auch im Internet - für alle App-Entwickler, Künstler, Journalisten und Nutzer, denn auch ihre Daten sind werthaltig. Nostr garantiert das Eigentum an den Daten, und überwindet ihre Fragmentierung. Weder die Nutzung noch die kreativen Freiheiten werden durch maßlose Lizenz- und Nutzungsbedingungen eingeschränkt. Aus passiven Nutzern werden durch Interaktion aktive Teilnehmer, Co-Creatoren in einer Sharing-Ökonomie (Value4Value). OpenSource schafft endlich wieder Vertrauen in die Software und ihre Anbieter. Offene Standards ermöglichen den Entwicklern mehr Kooperation und schnellere Entwicklung, für die Anwender garantieren sie Wahlfreiheit. Womit wir letztmalig zu unserem Fünfjährigen zurückkehren. Kinder lieben Lego über alles, am meisten die Maxi-Box “Classic”, weil sie damit ihre Phantasie im Kombinieren voll ausleben können. Erwachsene schenken ihnen dann die viel zu teuren Themenpakete, mit denen man nur eine Lösung nach Anleitung bauen kann. “Was stimmt nur mit meinen Eltern nicht, wann sind die denn falsch abgebogen?" fragt sich der Nachwuchs zu Recht. Das Image lässt sich aber wieder aufpolieren, wenn sie ihren Kindern Nostr zeigen, denn die Vorteile verstehen sogar Fünfjährige.

\ Das neue Internet ist dezentral. Das neue Internet ist selbstbestimmt. Nostr ist das neue Internet.

https://nostr.net/ \ https://start.njump.me/

Hier das Interview zum Thema mit Radio Berliner Morgenröte

https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-yxc36-17bb4be

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install MuPDF Mini (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and open a document or book
3. Tap the left or right edges to scroll through pages
4. Enjoy distraction-free reading

ℹ️ You can open .pdf, .xps, .cbz, .epub, and fb2 documents

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

A new report from the National Sports Shooting Foundation (NSSF) shows that civilian firearm possession exceeded 490 million in 2022. The total from 1990 to 2022 is estimated at 491.3 million firearms. In 2022, over ten million firearms were domestically produced, leading to a total of 16,045,911 firearms available in the U.S. market.

Of these, 9,873,136 were handguns, 4,195,192 were rifles, and 1,977,583 were shotguns. Handgun availability aligns with the concealed carry and self-defense market, as all states allow concealed carry, with 29 having constitutional carry laws.

@ b292393a:ad5d160e

hello there2

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

Crypto Insights

Uncovering BIP30’s Consensus Vulnerability and Emerging Solutions

Bitcoin developer Ruben Somsen mentioned that while researching SwiftSync (a method to accelerate Bitcoin node synchronization; see next item for details), he discovered a theoretical consensus vulnerability in BIP. BIP30 was designed to prevent duplicate transaction IDs from creating inconsistencies in the UTXO set by invalidating blocks that contain outputs already present in the UTXO set. However, it makes exceptions for certain anomalous coinbase transactions from 2010 (the Coinbase TxIDs in blocks 91722 and 91812 are duplicates) which may cause node state inconsistencies or even forks under extreme block reorganizations. Although current checkpoint mechanisms prevent such reorganizations, removing checkpoints in the future might reintroduce the issue. Additionally, BIP30’s approach to checking the entire UTXO set is inefficient, hindering implementations of new technologies like SwiftSync, Utreexo, and zero-knowledge proofs.

SwiftSync Brings Nearly-Stateless, Fully Parallel Validation

The current Bitcoin Core validation requires these steps: sequentially traversing the blockchain while performing context-independent checks, adding outputs to the UTXO set, and removing spent outputs. Typically, the UTXO set cannot fit in memory, causing further slowdown due to disk I/O.

SwiftSync introduced by Ruben Somsen brings a near-stateless, fully parallelizable validation method that uses hints about which outputs remain unspent. This approach eliminates the need for database lookups during validation, drastically reducing memory usage to near zero and enabling full parallelization of validation steps. As a result, memory, disk I/O, and single-thread performanceCPU performance are removed. The new bottlenecks become CPU power and network bandwidth, meaning validation speed scales with better hardware and connectivity.

Ongoing Discussion on Removing the OP_RETURN Limit

• One-page summary covering 12 years of OP_RETURN history

Bitcoin Core contributor Ava Chow explained OP_RETURN’s 12-year history in a live stream. Key points are summarized in this overview by Claude 3.7.

• Antoine Poinsot: OP_RETURN limits are outdated and should be removed

Antoine Poinsot recommends removing OP_RETURN limits, arguing they neither effectively prevent abuse nor provide full visibility into all transactions for node operators, thus harming network efficiency.

• BitMEX somewhat supports lifting OP_RETURN limits

BitMEX argues that images or other non-financial data stored on Bitcoin shouldn’t be broadly categorized as spam. Only provocative or intentionally harmful content qualifies as spam, but storing images for profit or entertainment is not. The economic reality is that miners are incentivized to produce the most profitable blocks, and if users pay higher fees for transactions containing “junk” data, miners will include them. Blockchain is already heavily used for images, so OP_RETURN limits won’t change that.

• Bitcoin Core’s Aaron van Wirdum and Sjors Provoost also discussed removing OP_RETURN limits on their podcast Bitcoin Explained.

• Suggestions for improving Bitcoin policy change processes

Given recent “out of control” commentary on OP_RETURN, Bitcoin Core’s Matthew Zipkin suggests introducing a new procedural step for policy changes. The biggest problem was many users first hearing about this on Twitter rather than participating in initial mailing list discussions, making them feel disenfranchised and triggering uninformed, repetitive debates. Matthew Zipkin proposes adding an intermediate step between mailing list discussion and GitHub pull request to bridge the gap and improve community engagement and feedback quality while reducing misunderstandings.

Mining Centralization Is a Deeper Issue Than Spam Filtering — Stratum v1 Protocol Must Die

This article discusses fundamental problems with the Bitcoin mining protocol Stratum v1 and calls for a community-wide shift to the more secure, decentralized DATUM or Stratum v2.

The author argues that Stratum v1’s architecture leads to centralized mining where “miners” merely provide hash power, but block construction and transaction ordering are controlled by separate “node runners.” They run nodes to verify their payments but do not contribute CPU to securing chain integrity. They make up the absolute majority of today’s Bitcoin nodes, contradicting Satoshi’s envisioned decentralized lottery-like mining.

In the context of recent OP_RETURN debates, the author contends that protocol-level changes (like adopting DATUM or Stratum v2) are a more fundamental solution to centralization than any spam-filtering policy.

The Bitcoin community swimming in a centralized Stratum v1 mempool, blissfully unaware of the chemicals in the water.

Following.space: Creating and Customizing Follow Lists on Nostr

Following.space is a new Nostr tool addressing a major pain point of the protocol: finding people worth following in the absence of an algorithm. Now users can directly follow “Follow Packs” (curated follow lists) created by others or create, curate, and share their own custom follow lists.

Coinbase Launches x402: A New Open-Source Payment Protocol Built on HTTP Rails

Coinbase Developer Platform introduced the x402 open protocol, a payment protocol that enables instant stablecoin payments directly over HTTP. Built on the HTTP 402 “Payment Required” status code, it creates a native web payment layer allowing websites and applications to request immediate payments from users or AI clients-without requiring API keys, logins, or credit cards. This simplifies payments and improves efficiency. It supports multiple blockchains and stablecoins like USDC. The protocol is open-source on GitHub.

Top Reads on Blockchain and Beyond

Highlights from the 2025 Real World Crypto (RWC) Conference

Unlike many other cryptography conferences that publish peer-reviewed papers, the Real World Crypto (RWC) 2025 conference features talks showcasing the most interesting research papers and industry projects. The 3-day event included 46 talks covering nearly all cryptography topics, including encrypted messaging, TLS and Web PKI, and advances in post-quantum cryptography.

a16z’s Field Notes highlights themes such as:

• Using zero-knowledge proofs for identity systems

• Attacks on zero-knowledge proof systems

• Implementing cryptography with deep neural networks

• Apple’s large-scale deployment of homomorphic encryption in real products

New Accountability Exploration in Consensus Protocols: Making Liveness Accountable

Security and liveness are classical security properties of consensus protocols. Recent research introduced “accountability” to strengthen security: if security is violated, it can prove that a sizable fraction of adversarial nodes misbehaved. However, accountability for liveness remains underexplored. This paper investigates to what extent liveness can also be made accountable.

Read the full paper.

Diverse Landscape of Asia’s Bitcoin Ecosystem in 2025

An article highlights Asia as a hotspot for Bitcoin adoption, with different countries embracing Bitcoin uniquely—from institutional investors in Singapore, grassroots adoption in Indonesia, to Vietnam’s strong P2P usage for daily transactions and remittances— a diverse picture of Asia’s Bitcoin ecosystem driven by innovation, regulation, and community.

@ f9cf4e94:96abc355

Para esse exemplo iremos usar: | Nome | Imagem | Descrição | | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | Raspberry PI B+ | | Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit a 1.4GHz e 1 GB de SDRAM LPDDR2, | | Pen drive | | 16Gb |

Recomendo que use o Ubuntu Server para essa instalação. Você pode baixar o Ubuntu para Raspberry Pi aqui. O passo a passo para a instalação do Ubuntu no Raspberry Pi está disponível aqui. Não instale um desktop (como xubuntu, lubuntu, xfce, etc.).

---

Passo 1: Atualizar o Sistema 🖥️

Primeiro, atualize seu sistema e instale o Tor:

bash apt update apt install tor

---

Passo 2: Criar o Arquivo de Serviço nrs.service 🔧

Crie o arquivo de serviço que vai gerenciar o servidor Nostr. Você pode fazer isso com o seguinte conteúdo:

```unit [Unit] Description=Nostr Relay Server Service After=network.target

[Service] Type=simple WorkingDirectory=/opt/nrs ExecStart=/opt/nrs/nrs-arm64 Restart=on-failure

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ```

---

Passo 3: Baixar o Binário do Nostr 🚀

Baixe o binário mais recente do Nostr aqui no GitHub.

---

Passo 4: Criar as Pastas Necessárias 📂

Agora, crie as pastas para o aplicativo e o pendrive:

bash mkdir -p /opt/nrs /mnt/edriver

---

Passo 5: Listar os Dispositivos Conectados 🔌

Para saber qual dispositivo você vai usar, liste todos os dispositivos conectados:

bash lsblk

---

Passo 6: Formatando o Pendrive 💾

Escolha o pendrive correto (por exemplo, /dev/sda) e formate-o:

bash mkfs.vfat /dev/sda

---

Passo 7: Montar o Pendrive 💻

Monte o pendrive na pasta /mnt/edriver:

bash mount /dev/sda /mnt/edriver

---

Passo 8: Verificar UUID dos Dispositivos 📋

Para garantir que o sistema monte o pendrive automaticamente, liste os UUID dos dispositivos conectados:

bash blkid

---

Passo 9: Alterar o fstab para Montar o Pendrive Automáticamente 📝

Abra o arquivo /etc/fstab e adicione uma linha para o pendrive, com o UUID que você obteve no passo anterior. A linha deve ficar assim:

fstab UUID=9c9008f8-f852 /mnt/edriver vfat defaults 0 0

---

Passo 10: Copiar o Binário para a Pasta Correta 📥

Agora, copie o binário baixado para a pasta /opt/nrs:

bash cp nrs-arm64 /opt/nrs

---

Passo 11: Criar o Arquivo de Configuração 🛠️

Crie o arquivo de configuração com o seguinte conteúdo e salve-o em /opt/nrs/config.yaml:

yaml app_env: production info: name: Nostr Relay Server description: Nostr Relay Server pub_key: "" contact: "" url: http://localhost:3334 icon: https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u= https://public.bnbstatic.com/image/cms/crawler/COINCU_NEWS/image-495-1024x569.png base_path: /mnt/edriver negentropy: true

---

Passo 12: Copiar o Serviço para o Diretório de Systemd ⚙️

Agora, copie o arquivo nrs.service para o diretório /etc/systemd/system/:

bash cp nrs.service /etc/systemd/system/

Recarregue os serviços e inicie o serviço nrs:

bash systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable --now nrs.service

---

Passo 13: Configurar o Tor 🌐

Abra o arquivo de configuração do Tor /var/lib/tor/torrc e adicione a seguinte linha:

torrc HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/nostr_server/ HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:3334

---

Passo 14: Habilitar e Iniciar o Tor 🧅

Agora, ative e inicie o serviço Tor:

bash systemctl enable --now tor.service

O Tor irá gerar um endereço .onion para o seu servidor Nostr. Você pode encontrá-lo no arquivo /var/lib/tor/nostr_server/hostname.

---

Observações ⚠️

• Com essa configuração, os dados serão salvos no pendrive, enquanto o binário ficará no cartão SD do Raspberry Pi.
• O endereço .onion do seu servidor Nostr será algo como: ws://y3t5t5wgwjif<exemplo>h42zy7ih6iwbyd.onion.

---

Agora, seu servidor Nostr deve estar configurado e funcionando com Tor! 🥳

Se este artigo e as informações aqui contidas forem úteis para você, convidamos a considerar uma doação ao autor como forma de reconhecimento e incentivo à produção de novos conteúdos.

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

加密洞见

BIP30 潜藏共识风险，社区酝酿替代路径

比特币开发者 Ruben Somsen 提到，在研究 SwiftSync（一种加速比特币节点同步的方法。详情见下一条）时发现，BIP30 存在一个理论上的共识漏洞。BIP30 旨在通过消除重复条目来处理异常，该机制用于防止重复的 UTXOs，但在处理 2010 年某些异常 coinbase 交易时存在特例（区块 91722 和 91812 的 Coinbase TxID 是重复的），可能在极端区块重组的情况下导致节点状态不一致，甚至引发分叉。虽然当前的检查点机制阻止了这种重组，未来若移除检查点，问题可能重新浮现。此外，BIP30 对整个 UTXO 集的检查效率低下，妨碍了 SwiftSync、Utreexo、ZKP 等新技术的实现。

因此 Ruben 建议考虑用更简洁的方式（如检查 coinbase 唯一性）替代 BIP30，以提升效率并减少未来协议演进的阻力。他并未主张立即修改，而是希望鼓励社区讨论。

SwiftSync 实现近于无状态的、可并行比特币区块链验证

当前 Bitcoin Core 中的常规验证需要以下步骤：按顺序遍历区块链——同时运行一些独立于上下文的微小检查、向 UTXO 集添加输出、检索被花费的输出并移除它们。通常 UTXO 集无法放进内存中，从而因为硬盘读写而进一步放慢速度。

由 Ruben Somsen 提出的 SwiftSync 完全改变了这种模式，而且不会改变安全假设——不需要再进行数据库检索，且内存使用量降低到近于零，所有验证都可以并行完成。由此，内存、硬盘读写和单线程性能，不会再作为瓶颈出现；剩余的瓶颈就只是 CPU 和带宽，只要这两项的条件越好，验证就越快。

关于取消 OP_RETURN 12 限制的讨论持续进行

• 一页摘要涵盖 OP_RETURN 12 年的历史

Bitcoin Core 成员 Ava Chow 通过直播解释了 OP_RETURN 12 年的历史。关键内容可以在这份由 Claude 3.7 总结的摘要中找到。

• Antoine Poinsot：OP_RETURN 限制已过时，建议取消

Antoine Poinsot 在本文中建议取消 OP_RETURN 的限制，因它们既无法有效防止滥用，反而让节点运营者无法看到所有交易、对网络活动没有全面的了解、也会损害网络效率。

• BitMEX：在一定程度上支持取消 OP_RETURN 的限制

BitMEX 认为，存储在比特币上的图像或其他非金融数据不应被一概视为垃圾信息。只有具有挑衅性或故意有害的内容才算是垃圾信息，而为了盈利或娱乐而存储图像则不属于垃圾信息。目前的经济现实是，矿工有动力生产最具盈利性的区块，如果用户支付更高的手续费来发送包含“垃圾”数据的交易，矿工就会打包这些交易。区块链已经被大量用于存储图像，因此 OP_RETURN 的限制并不会改变这一现状。

• Bitcoin Core 的 Aaron van Wirdum 和 Sjors Provoost 也在他们的播客节目 Bitcoin Explained 中，也讨论了关于移除 OP_RETURN 限制的问题

• 关于改进比特币提议形式和流程的建议

鉴于近期关于 OP_RETURN 的评论呈现「失控」状态，Bitcoin Core 的 Matthew Zipkin 认为应该考虑为政策更改添加新的流程步骤。这次 OP_RETURN 相关讨论的最大问题是，许多用户第一次是在 twitter 上听到消息，而并未参与 Bitcoin Core 邮件列表的初始讨论，因此他们觉得做任何事情都为时已晚，感到权利已被剥夺。结果引发了一大群考虑不周、不知情、重复的讨论/批评。Matthew Zipkin 因此建议引入一个处于邮件列表和 GitHub PR 之间的中间步骤，以弥合邮件列表讨论和拉取请求审查之间的差距，旨在提高社区参与度和反馈质量、减少误会。

集中挖矿的问题比垃圾信息过滤策略更深，Stratum v1 协议必须消亡

本文讨论了比特币挖矿协议 Stratum v1 的根本问题，並呼吁社群全面转向更安全、去中心化的 DATUM 或 Stratum v2 协议。作者认为 Stratum v1 的架构导致了集中挖矿，「矿工」名存实亡：他们只负责提供算力，而区块的构建和交易排序则由另外的「节点运营者」（node runner）掌握。这些用户维护节点来验证自己的支付，并没有贡献 CPU 来保持链的诚实。而他们是今天比特币节点的绝对大多数。这跟中本聪原本设想的去中心化「彩票式」挖矿模式背道而驰。

联系到最近关于 OPP_RETURN 的讨论，作者认为 DATUM 才是更为根本的解决方案，而不是任何特定策略。

比特币社区在一个中心化的 Stratum v1 内存池中幸福畅游，全然不知水中的化学物质。

Following.space：在 Nostr 上实现关注列表的创建和自定义

Following.space 是新推出的 Nostr 工具，它解决了该协议的最大痛点之一：在没有算法的情况下找到并跟踪感兴趣的用户。现在用户可以直接 follow 别人创建的关注列表（Follow Packs），或自行创建、制作、共享自定义的关注列表。

Coinbase 推出 x402：一种基于 HTTP Rails 构建的新型开源支付协议

Coinbase 开发者平台推出 x402 开源协议，它是一种支付协议，可以直接通过 HTTP 进行即时稳定币支付。它基于 HTTP 402 的「Payment Required」状态码打造原生的互联网支付层，允许服务端向用户或 AI 客户端请求即时付款，无需 API 密钥、登录或信用卡，实现更简单高效的支付体验。它支持多条区块链和 USDC 等稳定币，具备开放性和链无关性，协议已在 GitHub上开源。

精彩无限，不止于链

2025 真实世界加密 (RWC) 密码学会议亮点

与许多其他密码学的主要学术场所不同，Real World Crypto (RWC) 2025 会议不发表同行评审的论文，而是通过演讲来体现前一年最有趣的研究论文和行业项目。今年的会议在三天内举办了 46 场演讲，几乎涵盖了密码学的所有主题 ，包括加密消息传递、TLS 和 Web PKI 以及后量子密码学的进步 。

a16z 的这篇 Field Notes 对这次大会的亮点做了介绍，值得关注的主题有：

• 对身份系统使用零知识证明

• 对零知识证明系统的攻击

• 使用深度神经网络实现加密

• Apple 在实际产品中的同态加密大规模部署

共识协议中的可追责性新探：让活性也能被追责

安全性和活性（liveliness）被认为是共识协议中的两项核心性质。近年来已经有研究引入了「可追责性」（accountability）来增强安全性：一旦安全性遭到破坏，可以证明有一定比例的对手节点违反了协议。然而相较之下，活性的可追责性却尚未被充分研究。本文探讨了在多大程度上可以为活性实现类似的可追责保证。 查看论文全文。

亚洲比特币生态 2025 的多元图景

文章指出，亚洲已成为比特币采用的重镇，不同国家正以独特的方式接纳着比特币——从新加坡的机构投资者、印尼草根阶层的采用、到越南在日常交易和汇款中的点对点使用，呈现了由创新、监管与社区共同驱动的亚洲比特币生态图景。

@ b292393a:ad5d160e

hello there

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

Black Locust can grow up to 170 ft tall

Grows 3-4 ft. per year

Native to North America

Cold hardy in zones 3 to 8

Firewood

• BLT wood, on a pound for pound basis is roughly half that of Anthracite Coal
• Since its growth is fast, firewood can be plentiful

Timber

• Rot resistant due to a naturally produced robinin in the wood
  • 100 year life span in full soil contact! (better than cedar performance)
  • Fence posts
  • Outdoor furniture
  • Outdoor decking
• Sustainable due to its fast growth and spread
  • Can be coppiced (cut to the ground)
  • Can be pollarded (cut above ground)
• Its dense wood makes durable tool handles, boxes (tool), and furniture
  • The wood is tougher than hickory, which is tougher than hard maple, which is tougher than oak.
  • A very low rate of expansion and contraction
  • Hardwood flooring
  • The highest tensile beam strength of any American tree
• The wood is beautiful

Legume

• Nitrogen fixer
  • Fixes the same amount of nitrogen per acre as is needed for 200-bushel/acre corn
  • Black walnuts inter-planted with locust as “nurse” trees were shown to rapidly increase their growth [[Clark, Paul M., and Robert D. Williams. (1978) Black walnut growth increased when interplanted with nitrogen-fixing shrubs and trees. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, vol. 88, pp. 88-91.]]

Bees

• The edible flower clusters are also a top food source for honey bees

Shade Provider

• Its light, airy overstory provides dappled shade
  • Planted on the west side of a garden it provides relief during the hottest part of the day
  • (nitrogen provider)
  • Planted on the west side of a house, its quick growth soon shades that side from the sun

Wind-break

• Fast growth plus it's feathery foliage reduces wind for animals, crops, and shelters

Fodder

• Over 20% crude protein
• 4.1 kcal/g of energy
• Baertsche, S.R, M.T. Yokoyama, and J.W. Hanover (1986) Short rotation, hardwood tree biomass as potential ruminant feed-chemical composition, nylon bag ruminal degradation and ensilement of selected species. J. Animal Sci. 63 2028-2043

@ b292393a:ad5d160e

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The bank’s analysts are observing a shift in the Bitcoin market, with specific catalysts that could drive the cryptocurrency higher.

According to a recent JPMorgan report shared with select industry outlets, Bitcoin could continue its rise at the expense of gold in the second half of 2025. Analysts led by Managing Director Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou highlighted that the so-called “debasement trade” — the strategy of investing in gold and Bitcoin as a hedge against the weakening of fiat currencies — has undergone a change in direction.

“What began as a parallel run has turned into a zero-sum game between the two assets,” the analysts explained. “Between mid-February and mid-April, gold rallied at Bitcoin’s expense, while over the past three weeks we’ve seen the opposite: Bitcoin rising as gold loses ground.”

Since its peak on April 22, gold has declined by nearly 8%, while over the same period, Bitcoin has gained 18%. This shift is also reflected in investor flows, with capital moving out of gold ETFs and into spot Bitcoin ETFs.

Futures market data shows a similar trend, with declining positions in gold and increasing interest in Bitcoin futures. Notably, at the start of the year, the situation was completely reversed, with gold rallying while Bitcoin struggled alongside other risk assets.

Specific catalysts driving Bitcoin’s growth

The report emphasizes that Bitcoin’s recent outperformance is not solely due to gold’s weakness but also driven by sector-specific factors:

• Companies like Strategy and Metaplanet are increasing their Bitcoin purchases. Strategy, in particular, plans to raise an additional $84 billion for acquisitions by 2027, having already reached 60% of its original target.
• Some U.S. states have begun adding Bitcoin to their reserves. New Hampshire now allows up to 5% of state assets to be invested in Bitcoin and gold.

“As more U.S. states consider adding Bitcoin to their strategic reserves, this could prove to be a sustained positive catalyst for Bitcoin,” the analysts wrote. Given the weakening of gold prices and these industry-specific drivers, JPMorgan’s analysts see greater growth potential for Bitcoin in the second half of the year.

The post Bitcoin outperforming gold in the second half of 2025: JPMorgan appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

Bitcoin is more than money, more than an asset, and more than a store of value. Bitcoin is a Prime Mover, an enabler and it ignites imaginations. It certainly fueled an idea in my mind. The idea integrates sensors, computational prowess, actuated machinery, power conversion, and electronic communications to form an autonomous, machined creature roaming forests and harvesting the most widespread and least energy-dense fuel source available. I call it the Forest Walker and it eats wood, and mines Bitcoin.

I know what you're thinking. Why not just put Bitcoin mining rigs where they belong: in a hosted facility sporting electricity from energy-dense fuels like natural gas, climate-controlled with excellent data piping in and out? Why go to all the trouble building a robot that digests wood creating flammable gasses fueling an engine to run a generator powering Bitcoin miners? It's all about synergy.

Bitcoin mining enables the realization of multiple, seemingly unrelated, yet useful activities. Activities considered un-profitable if not for Bitcoin as the Prime Mover. This is much more than simply mining the greatest asset ever conceived by humankind. It’s about the power of synergy, which Bitcoin plays only one of many roles. The synergy created by this system can stabilize forests' fire ecology while generating multiple income streams. That’s the realistic goal here and requires a brief history of American Forest management before continuing.

Smokey The Bear

In 1944, the Smokey Bear Wildfire Prevention Campaign began in the United States. “Only YOU can prevent forest fires” remains the refrain of the Ad Council’s longest running campaign. The Ad Council is a U.S. non-profit set up by the American Association of Advertising Agencies and the Association of National Advertisers in 1942. It would seem that the U.S. Department of the Interior was concerned about pesky forest fires and wanted them to stop. So, alongside a national policy of extreme fire suppression they enlisted the entire U.S. population to get onboard via the Ad Council and it worked. Forest fires were almost obliterated and everyone was happy, right? Wrong.

Smokey is a fantastically successful bear so forest fires became so few for so long that the fuel load - dead wood - in forests has become very heavy. So heavy that when a fire happens (and they always happen) it destroys everything in its path because the more fuel there is the hotter that fire becomes. Trees, bushes, shrubs, and all other plant life cannot escape destruction (not to mention homes and businesses). The soil microbiology doesn’t escape either as it is burned away even in deeper soils. To add insult to injury, hydrophobic waxy residues condense on the soil surface, forcing water to travel over the ground rather than through it eroding forest soils. Good job, Smokey. Well done, Sir!

Most terrestrial ecologies are “fire ecologies”. Fire is a part of these systems’ fuel load and pest management. Before we pretended to “manage” millions of acres of forest, fires raged over the world, rarely damaging forests. The fuel load was always too light to generate fires hot enough to moonscape mountainsides. Fires simply burned off the minor amounts of fuel accumulated since the fire before. The lighter heat, smoke, and other combustion gasses suppressed pests, keeping them in check and the smoke condensed into a plant growth accelerant called wood vinegar, not a waxy cap on the soil. These fires also cleared out weak undergrowth, cycled minerals, and thinned the forest canopy, allowing sunlight to penetrate to the forest floor. Without a fire’s heat, many pine tree species can’t sow their seed. The heat is required to open the cones (the seed bearing structure) of Spruce, Cypress, Sequoia, Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine and many more. Without fire forests can’t have babies. The idea was to protect the forests, and it isn't working.

So, in a world of fire, what does an ally look like and what does it do?

Meet The Forest Walker

For the Forest Walker to work as a mobile, autonomous unit, a solid platform that can carry several hundred pounds is required. It so happens this chassis already exists but shelved.

Introducing the Legged Squad Support System (LS3). A joint project between Boston Dynamics, DARPA, and the United States Marine Corps, the quadrupedal robot is the size of a cow, can carry 400 pounds (180 kg) of equipment, negotiate challenging terrain, and operate for 24 hours before needing to refuel. Yes, it had an engine. Abandoned in 2015, the thing was too noisy for military deployment and maintenance "under fire" is never a high-quality idea. However, we can rebuild it to act as a platform for the Forest Walker; albeit with serious alterations. It would need to be bigger, probably. Carry more weight? Definitely. Maybe replace structural metal with carbon fiber and redesign much as 3D printable parts for more effective maintenance.

The original system has a top operational speed of 8 miles per hour. For our purposes, it only needs to move about as fast as a grazing ruminant. Without the hammering vibrations of galloping into battle, shocks of exploding mortars, and drunken soldiers playing "Wrangler of Steel Machines", time between failures should be much longer and the overall energy consumption much lower. The LS3 is a solid platform to build upon. Now it just needs to be pulled out of the mothballs, and completely refitted with outboard equipment.

The Small Branch Chipper

When I say “Forest fuel load” I mean the dead, carbon containing litter on the forest floor. Duff (leaves), fine-woody debris (small branches), and coarse woody debris (logs) are the fuel that feeds forest fires. Walk through any forest in the United States today and you will see quite a lot of these materials. Too much, as I have described. Some of these fuel loads can be 8 tons per acre in pine and hardwood forests and up to 16 tons per acre at active logging sites. That’s some big wood and the more that collects, the more combustible danger to the forest it represents. It also provides a technically unlimited fuel supply for the Forest Walker system.

The problem is that this detritus has to be chewed into pieces that are easily ingestible by the system for the gasification process (we’ll get to that step in a minute). What we need is a wood chipper attached to the chassis (the LS3); its “mouth”.

A small wood chipper handling material up to 2.5 - 3.0 inches (6.3 - 7.6 cm) in diameter would eliminate a substantial amount of fuel. There is no reason for Forest Walker to remove fallen trees. It wouldn’t have to in order to make a real difference. It need only identify appropriately sized branches and grab them. Once loaded into the chipper’s intake hopper for further processing, the beast can immediately look for more “food”. This is essentially kindling that would help ignite larger logs. If it’s all consumed by Forest Walker, then it’s not present to promote an aggravated conflagration.

I have glossed over an obvious question: How does Forest Walker see and identify branches and such? LiDaR (Light Detection and Ranging) attached to Forest Walker images the local area and feed those data to onboard computers for processing. Maybe AI plays a role. Maybe simple machine learning can do the trick. One thing is for certain: being able to identify a stick and cause robotic appendages to pick it up is not impossible.

Great! We now have a quadrupedal robot autonomously identifying and “eating” dead branches and other light, combustible materials. Whilst strolling through the forest, depleting future fires of combustibles, Forest Walker has already performed a major function of this system: making the forest safer. It's time to convert this low-density fuel into a high-density fuel Forest Walker can leverage. Enter the gasification process.

The Gassifier

The gasifier is the heart of the entire system; it’s where low-density fuel becomes the high-density fuel that powers the entire system. Biochar and wood vinegar are process wastes and I’ll discuss why both are powerful soil amendments in a moment, but first, what’s gasification?

Reacting shredded carbonaceous material at high temperatures in a low or no oxygen environment converts the biomass into biochar, wood vinegar, heat, and Synthesis Gas (Syngas). Syngas consists primarily of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane. All of which are extremely useful fuels in a gaseous state. Part of this gas is used to heat the input biomass and keep the reaction temperature constant while the internal combustion engine that drives the generator to produce electrical power consumes the rest.

Critically, this gasification process is “continuous feed”. Forest Walker must intake biomass from the chipper, process it to fuel, and dump the waste (CO2, heat, biochar, and wood vinegar) continuously. It cannot stop. Everything about this system depends upon this continual grazing, digestion, and excretion of wastes just as a ruminal does. And, like a ruminant, all waste products enhance the local environment.

When I first heard of gasification, I didn’t believe that it was real. Running an electric generator from burning wood seemed more akin to “conspiracy fantasy” than science. Not only is gasification real, it’s ancient technology. A man named Dean Clayton first started experiments on gasification in 1699 and in 1901 gasification was used to power a vehicle. By the end of World War II, there were 500,000 Syngas powered vehicles in Germany alone because of fossil fuel rationing during the war. The global gasification market was $480 billion in 2022 and projected to be as much as $700 billion by 2030 (Vantage Market Research). Gasification technology is the best choice to power the Forest Walker because it’s self-contained and we want its waste products.

Biochar: The Waste

Biochar (AKA agricultural charcoal) is fairly simple: it’s almost pure, solid carbon that resembles charcoal. Its porous nature packs large surface areas into small, 3 dimensional nuggets. Devoid of most other chemistry, like hydrocarbons (methane) and ash (minerals), biochar is extremely lightweight. Do not confuse it with the charcoal you buy for your grill. Biochar doesn’t make good grilling charcoal because it would burn too rapidly as it does not contain the multitude of flammable components that charcoal does. Biochar has several other good use cases. Water filtration, water retention, nutrient retention, providing habitat for microscopic soil organisms, and carbon sequestration are the main ones that we are concerned with here.

Carbon has an amazing ability to adsorb (substances stick to and accumulate on the surface of an object) manifold chemistries. Water, nutrients, and pollutants tightly bind to carbon in this format. So, biochar makes a respectable filter and acts as a “battery” of water and nutrients in soils. Biochar adsorbs and holds on to seven times its weight in water. Soil containing biochar is more drought resilient than soil without it. Adsorbed nutrients, tightly sequestered alongside water, get released only as plants need them. Plants must excrete protons (H+) from their roots to disgorge water or positively charged nutrients from the biochar's surface; it's an active process.

Biochar’s surface area (where adsorption happens) can be 500 square meters per gram or more. That is 10% larger than an official NBA basketball court for every gram of biochar. Biochar’s abundant surface area builds protective habitats for soil microbes like fungi and bacteria and many are critical for the health and productivity of the soil itself.

The “carbon sequestration” component of biochar comes into play where “carbon credits” are concerned. There is a financial market for carbon. Not leveraging that market for revenue is foolish. I am climate agnostic. All I care about is that once solid carbon is inside the soil, it will stay there for thousands of years, imparting drought resiliency, fertility collection, nutrient buffering, and release for that time span. I simply want as much solid carbon in the soil because of the undeniably positive effects it has, regardless of any climactic considerations.

Wood Vinegar: More Waste

Another by-product of the gasification process is wood vinegar (Pyroligneous acid). If you have ever seen Liquid Smoke in the grocery store, then you have seen wood vinegar. Principally composed of acetic acid, acetone, and methanol wood vinegar also contains ~200 other organic compounds. It would seem intuitive that condensed, liquefied wood smoke would at least be bad for the health of all living things if not downright carcinogenic. The counter intuition wins the day, however. Wood vinegar has been used by humans for a very long time to promote digestion, bowel, and liver health; combat diarrhea and vomiting; calm peptic ulcers and regulate cholesterol levels; and a host of other benefits.

For centuries humans have annually burned off hundreds of thousands of square miles of pasture, grassland, forest, and every other conceivable terrestrial ecosystem. Why is this done? After every burn, one thing becomes obvious: the almost supernatural growth these ecosystems exhibit after the burn. How? Wood vinegar is a component of this growth. Even in open burns, smoke condenses and infiltrates the soil. That is when wood vinegar shows its quality.

This stuff beefs up not only general plant growth but seed germination as well and possesses many other qualities that are beneficial to plants. It’s a pesticide, fungicide, promotes beneficial soil microorganisms, enhances nutrient uptake, and imparts disease resistance. I am barely touching a long list of attributes here, but you want wood vinegar in your soil (alongside biochar because it adsorbs wood vinegar as well).

The Internal Combustion Engine

Conversion of grazed forage to chemical, then mechanical, and then electrical energy completes the cycle. The ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) converts the gaseous fuel output from the gasifier to mechanical energy, heat, water vapor, and CO2. It’s the mechanical energy of a rotating drive shaft that we want. That rotation drives the electric generator, which is the heartbeat we need to bring this monster to life. Luckily for us, combined internal combustion engine and generator packages are ubiquitous, delivering a defined energy output given a constant fuel input. It’s the simplest part of the system.

The obvious question here is whether the amount of syngas provided by the gasification process will provide enough energy to generate enough electrons to run the entire system or not. While I have no doubt the energy produced will run Forest Walker's main systems the question is really about the electrons left over. Will it be enough to run the Bitcoin mining aspect of the system? Everything is a budget.

CO2 Production For Growth

Plants are lollipops. No matter if it’s a tree or a bush or a shrubbery, the entire thing is mostly sugar in various formats but mostly long chain carbohydrates like lignin and cellulose. Plants need three things to make sugar: CO2, H2O and light. In a forest, where tree densities can be quite high, CO2 availability becomes a limiting growth factor. It’d be in the forest interests to have more available CO2 providing for various sugar formation providing the organism with food and structure.

An odd thing about tree leaves, the openings that allow gasses like the ever searched for CO2 are on the bottom of the leaf (these are called stomata). Not many stomata are topside. This suggests that trees and bushes have evolved to find gasses like CO2 from below, not above and this further suggests CO2 might be in higher concentrations nearer the soil.

The soil life (bacterial, fungi etc.) is constantly producing enormous amounts of CO2 and it would stay in the soil forever (eventually killing the very soil life that produces it) if not for tidal forces. Water is everywhere and whether in pools, lakes, oceans or distributed in “moist” soils water moves towards to the moon. The water in the soil and also in the water tables below the soil rise toward the surface every day. When the water rises, it expels the accumulated gasses in the soil into the atmosphere and it’s mostly CO2. It’s a good bet on how leaves developed high populations of stomata on the underside of leaves. As the water relaxes (the tide goes out) it sucks oxygenated air back into the soil to continue the functions of soil life respiration. The soil “breathes” albeit slowly.

The gasses produced by the Forest Walker’s internal combustion engine consist primarily of CO2 and H2O. Combusting sugars produce the same gasses that are needed to construct the sugars because the universe is funny like that. The Forest Walker is constantly laying down these critical construction elements right where the trees need them: close to the ground to be gobbled up by the trees.

The Branch Drones

During the last ice age, giant mammals populated North America - forests and otherwise. Mastodons, woolly mammoths, rhinos, short-faced bears, steppe bison, caribou, musk ox, giant beavers, camels, gigantic ground-dwelling sloths, glyptodons, and dire wolves were everywhere. Many were ten to fifteen feet tall. As they crashed through forests, they would effectively cleave off dead side-branches of trees, halting the spread of a ground-based fire migrating into the tree crown ("laddering") which is a death knell for a forest.

These animals are all extinct now and forests no longer have any manner of pruning services. But, if we build drones fitted with cutting implements like saws and loppers, optical cameras and AI trained to discern dead branches from living ones, these drones could effectively take over pruning services by identifying, cutting, and dropping to the forest floor, dead branches. The dropped branches simply get collected by the Forest Walker as part of its continual mission.

The drones dock on the back of the Forest Walker to recharge their batteries when low. The whole scene would look like a grazing cow with some flies bothering it. This activity breaks the link between a relatively cool ground based fire and the tree crowns and is a vital element in forest fire control.

The Bitcoin Miner

Mining is one of four monetary incentive models, making this system a possibility for development. The other three are US Dept. of the Interior, township, county, and electrical utility company easement contracts for fuel load management, global carbon credits trading, and data set sales. All the above depends on obvious questions getting answered. I will list some obvious ones, but this is not an engineering document and is not the place for spreadsheets. How much Bitcoin one Forest Walker can mine depends on everything else. What amount of biomass can we process? Will that biomass flow enough Syngas to keep the lights on? Can the chassis support enough mining ASICs and supporting infrastructure? What does that weigh and will it affect field performance? How much power can the AC generator produce?

Other questions that are more philosophical persist. Even if a single Forest Walker can only mine scant amounts of BTC per day, that pales to how much fuel material it can process into biochar. We are talking about millions upon millions of forested acres in need of fuel load management. What can a single Forest Walker do? I am not thinking in singular terms. The Forest Walker must operate as a fleet. What could 50 do? 500?

What is it worth providing a service to the world by managing forest fuel loads? Providing proof of work to the global monetary system? Seeding soil with drought and nutrient resilience by the excretion, over time, of carbon by the ton? What did the last forest fire cost?

The Mesh Network

What could be better than one bitcoin mining, carbon sequestering, forest fire squelching, soil amending behemoth? Thousands of them, but then they would need to be able to talk to each other to coordinate position, data handling, etc. Fitted with a mesh networking device, like goTenna or Meshtastic LoRa equipment enables each Forest Walker to communicate with each other.

Now we have an interconnected fleet of Forest Walkers relaying data to each other and more importantly, aggregating all of that to the last link in the chain for uplink. Well, at least Bitcoin mining data. Since block data is lightweight, transmission of these data via mesh networking in fairly close quartered environs is more than doable. So, how does data transmit to the Bitcoin Network? How do the Forest Walkers get the previous block data necessary to execute on mining?

Back To The Chain

Getting Bitcoin block data to and from the network is the last puzzle piece. The standing presumption here is that wherever a Forest Walker fleet is operating, it is NOT within cell tower range. We further presume that the nearest Walmart Wi-Fi is hours away. Enter the Blockstream Satellite or something like it.

A separate, ground-based drone will have two jobs: To stay as close to the nearest Forest Walker as it can and to provide an antennae for either terrestrial or orbital data uplink. Bitcoin-centric data is transmitted to the "uplink drone" via the mesh networked transmitters and then sent on to the uplink and the whole flow goes in the opposite direction as well; many to one and one to many.

We cannot transmit data to the Blockstream satellite, and it will be up to Blockstream and companies like it to provide uplink capabilities in the future and I don't doubt they will. Starlink you say? What’s stopping that company from filtering out block data? Nothing because it’s Starlink’s system and they could decide to censor these data. It seems we may have a problem sending and receiving Bitcoin data in back country environs.

But, then again, the utility of this system in staunching the fuel load that creates forest fires is extremely useful around forested communities and many have fiber, Wi-Fi and cell towers. These communities could be a welcoming ground zero for first deployments of the Forest Walker system by the home and business owners seeking fire repression. In the best way, Bitcoin subsidizes the safety of the communities.

Sensor Packages

LiDaR

The benefit of having a Forest Walker fleet strolling through the forest is the never ending opportunity for data gathering. A plethora of deployable sensors gathering hyper-accurate data on everything from temperature to topography is yet another revenue generator. Data is valuable and the Forest Walker could generate data sales to various government entities and private concerns.

LiDaR (Light Detection and Ranging) can map topography, perform biomass assessment, comparative soil erosion analysis, etc. It so happens that the Forest Walker’s ability to “see,” to navigate about its surroundings, is LiDaR driven and since it’s already being used, we can get double duty by harvesting that data for later use. By using a laser to send out light pulses and measuring the time it takes for the reflection of those pulses to return, very detailed data sets incrementally build up. Eventually, as enough data about a certain area becomes available, the data becomes useful and valuable.

Forestry concerns, both private and public, often use LiDaR to build 3D models of tree stands to assess the amount of harvest-able lumber in entire sections of forest. Consulting companies offering these services charge anywhere from several hundred to several thousand dollars per square kilometer for such services. A Forest Walker generating such assessments on the fly while performing its other functions is a multi-disciplinary approach to revenue generation.

pH, Soil Moisture, and Cation Exchange Sensing

The Forest Walker is quadrupedal, so there are four contact points to the soil. Why not get a pH data point for every step it takes? We can also gather soil moisture data and cation exchange capacities at unheard of densities because of sampling occurring on the fly during commission of the system’s other duties. No one is going to build a machine to do pH testing of vast tracts of forest soils, but that doesn’t make the data collected from such an endeavor valueless. Since the Forest Walker serves many functions at once, a multitude of data products can add to the return on investment component.

Weather Data

Temperature, humidity, pressure, and even data like evapotranspiration gathered at high densities on broad acre scales have untold value and because the sensors are lightweight and don’t require large power budgets, they come along for the ride at little cost. But, just like the old mantra, “gas, grass, or ass, nobody rides for free”, these sensors provide potential revenue benefits just by them being present.

I’ve touched on just a few data genres here. In fact, the question for universities, governmental bodies, and other institutions becomes, “How much will you pay us to attach your sensor payload to the Forest Walker?”

Noise Suppression

Only you can prevent Metallica filling the surrounds with 120 dB of sound. Easy enough, just turn the car stereo off. But what of a fleet of 50 Forest Walkers operating in the backcountry or near a township? 500? 5000? Each one has a wood chipper, an internal combustion engine, hydraulic pumps, actuators, and more cooling fans than you can shake a stick at. It’s a walking, screaming fire-breathing dragon operating continuously, day and night, twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty-five days a year. The sound will negatively affect all living things and that impacts behaviors. Serious engineering consideration and prowess must deliver a silencing blow to the major issue of noise.

It would be foolish to think that a fleet of Forest Walkers could be silent, but if not a major design consideration, then the entire idea is dead on arrival. Townships would not allow them to operate even if they solved the problem of widespread fuel load and neither would governmental entities, and rightly so. Nothing, not man nor beast, would want to be subjected to an eternal, infernal scream even if it were to end within days as the fleet moved further away after consuming what it could. Noise and heat are the only real pollutants of this system; taking noise seriously from the beginning is paramount.

Fire Safety

A “fire-breathing dragon” is not the worst description of the Forest Walker. It eats wood, combusts it at very high temperatures and excretes carbon; and it does so in an extremely flammable environment. Bad mix for one Forest Walker, worse for many. One must take extreme pains to ensure that during normal operation, a Forest Walker could fall over, walk through tinder dry brush, or get pounded into the ground by a meteorite from Krypton and it wouldn’t destroy epic swaths of trees and baby deer. I envision an ultimate test of a prototype to include dowsing it in grain alcohol while it’s wrapped up in toilet paper like a pledge at a fraternity party. If it runs for 72 hours and doesn’t set everything on fire, then maybe outside entities won’t be fearful of something that walks around forests with a constant fire in its belly.

The Wrap

How we think about what can be done with and adjacent to Bitcoin is at least as important as Bitcoin’s economic standing itself. For those who will tell me that this entire idea is without merit, I say, “OK, fine. You can come up with something, too.” What can we plug Bitcoin into that, like a battery, makes something that does not work, work? That’s the lesson I get from this entire exercise. No one was ever going to hire teams of humans to go out and "clean the forest". There's no money in that. The data collection and sales from such an endeavor might provide revenues over the break-even point but investment demands Alpha in this day and age. But, plug Bitcoin into an almost viable system and, voilà! We tip the scales to achieve lift-off.

Let’s face it, we haven’t scratched the surface of Bitcoin’s forcing function on our minds. Not because it’s Bitcoin, but because of what that invention means. The question that pushes me to approach things this way is, “what can we create that one system’s waste is another system’s feedstock?” The Forest Walker system’s only real waste is the conversion of low entropy energy (wood and syngas) into high entropy energy (heat and noise). All other output is beneficial to humanity.

Bitcoin, I believe, is the first product of a new mode of human imagination. An imagination newly forged over the past few millennia of being lied to, stolen from, distracted and otherwise mis-allocated to a black hole of the nonsensical. We are waking up.

What I have presented is not science fiction. Everything I have described here is well within the realm of possibility. The question is one of viability, at least in terms of the detritus of the old world we find ourselves departing from. This system would take a non-trivial amount of time and resources to develop. I think the system would garner extensive long-term contracts from those who have the most to lose from wildfires, the most to gain from hyperaccurate data sets, and, of course, securing the most precious asset in the world. Many may not see it that way, for they seek Alpha and are therefore blind to other possibilities. Others will see only the possibilities; of thinking in a new way, of looking at things differently, and dreaming of what comes next.

@ 5edbd885:5fbc291e

Bitcoin is a system outside of the system—you don’t actually need fiat to obtain some sats. Bitcoin is a monetary network designed to operate independently of traditional financial systems.

As such, it’s possible to acquire Bitcoin without ever converting any fiat currency. 

Whether you’re aiming to earn, trade, or receive Bitcoin through alternative means, there are numerous ways to accumulate it organically—through work, community engagement, or creative effort.

In this guide, we'll explore six methods to get Bitcoin without spending fiat.

While some approaches require more time or technical knowledge, others are accessible to nearly anyone willing to accept Bitcoin for payment ⚡️

Read until the end of the article to know where to find people willing to give you Bitcoin in exchange for these ideas 🙂

Note: I have no affiliates or sponsorships and so any businesses I mention below are neither endorsements nor paid ads.

1. Offer Professional Services in Exchange for Bitcoin

The easiest and most direct way to receive Bitcoin without fiat is to trade your skills for sats.

This can be an option for those who are already earning an income freelancing, consulting, or providing any type of independent service simply by charging in Bitcoin rather than fiat.

For those with a traditional 9-5, you could mine sats within a Bitcoin company rather than a fiat business, or offer your skills as a side hustle for sats until you are ready to make a full switch (if you so choose).

Common examples include:

• Writing, editing, or translating

• Graphic design and illustration

• Programming and development

• Coaching, tutoring, or consulting

• Manual labor or local services

Rather than invoicing in your local currency, you can simply set your rate in Bitcoin—typically using a satoshi-based pricing model. I have a few free tools on my site that can help you with this.

2. Sell Goods—Physical or Digital—for Bitcoin

You don’t need to be a freelancer or to convince your boss to receive Bitcoin.

If you own physical items or create digital products, you can accept BTC as payment instead of fiat.

Even in a down-sizing situation, selling things around your home for Bitcoin is also an option.

Ideas include:

• Selling used items locally (e.g., via marketplaces or word of mouth)

• Creating and distributing digital products like eBooks, music, or design assets

• Selling handmade crafts or collectibles

• Selling the second-hand goods you no longer need for sats

Enthusiasts are often excited to support peer-to-peer BTC commerce.

You don’t need a complex setup either—a mobile wallet that supports on-chain or Lightning payments is enough to get started.

3. Engage with Nostr & Earn via Micro-Transactions

(I know you are reading on Nostr, but I originally published this on my blog for non-users, and talking about Nostr on Nostr is fun ;)

Nostr is a decentralized social protocol that allows users to interact, publish content, and receive sats.

It’s one of the most innovative new ways to earn BTC organically, without needing any fiat currency.

On Nostr, content creators, contributors, musicians, artists, and everyday people can receive “zaps” (tiny Bitcoin tips via the Lightning Network) from other users.

It’s essentially a value-for-value economy where people support each other directly with sats on top of likes and shares.

Getting started is simple:

• Set up a Lightning wallet (many are free and non-custodial - just look up what Bitcoiners recommend at the time you are reading this)

• Create a profile on a Nostr client (such as Damus, Amethyst, or Primal)

• Participate by posting, replying, and sharing thoughtful content

While the amounts may be small at first, consistent engagement can result in meaningful Bitcoin accumulation over time.

4. Request Bitcoin Tips in Your Daily Life

If you work in a role where tipping is common—such as driving for Uber, working in food service, hospitality, or delivery—you can offer Bitcoin as a tipping option.

How to implement this:

• Include a QR code to your Lightning wallet on your phone or a printed card

• Politely inform customers that you accept Bitcoin tips

• Use signage or include a message in your app profile

You may be surprised by how many tech-savvy or curious customers are willing to try it, especially in urban or Bitcoin-friendly communities.

5. Use Bitcoin Cashback & Rewards Programs

While not a direct trade for labor or goods, some platforms allow you to earn Bitcoin as a reward for purchases you were already planning to make.

In these cases, you are not buying Bitcoin with fiat, but instead receiving it as a form of cashback on your everyday fiat purchases.

Popular platforms include:

• In Canada, Shakepay offers free sats for shaking your phone daily or using their pre-paid Visa debit card

• Strike occasionally offers rewards in Bitcoin as well

This approach is best suited for those who already have a spending routine and want to passively earn BTC without changing their habits.

6. Try Bitcoin Mini–Mining

Mini miners like the Bitaxe, BitNerd, and similar open-source devices offer a unique way to mine Bitcoin at home without needing large-scale equipment or industrial-level power.

While traditional Bitcoin mining requires costly ASICs and massive electricity, mini miners are small, efficient, and hobbyist-friendly.

They’re capable of independently solving blocks—meaning there’s a tiny chance you could win the full block reward—or they can be used to join a solo mining pool and receive small payouts over time based on contribution.

Benefits of mini mining:

• Educational: Learn how mining works from the ground up

• Passive: Runs in the background with low power usage

• Potential upside: Very low probability of winning a full block, but it’s possible

Important caveats:

• These devices must be purchased with fiat or Bitcoin initially

• Most users will not earn consistent Bitcoin from them

• It may be more efficient to simply buy Bitcoin directly with that money ;)

While this idea is more geared towards experienced Bitcoiners wanting to expand their way of stacking sats, it's still a fun thing to consider.

Mini miners are a hands-on way to participate in the network while stacking sats or keeping open the small possibility of mining rewards.

Where to Find People Willing to Pay in Bitcoin

Now an important question—where are you going to find people willing to pay you in Bitcoin?

Finding people who are open to paying in Bitcoin is easier than it might seem—especially if you know where to look. 

Start by exploring local Bitcoin meetups, conferences, or community events in your area—these are often filled with enthusiasts who prefer peer-to-peer exchanges. Consider searching Facebook or Meetup.com for Bitcoin groups and events in your area.

Online, platforms like Nostr, Twitter/X, Reddit, and Bitcoin-focused Telegram groups can be great places to find clients or collaborators.

You can also look into Bitcoin job boards to find formal employment opportunities that pay in BTC.

The Bitcoin economy is growing, and so is the number of individuals and businesses willing to transact in BTC directly—bypassing fiat altogether. 

The key is to get involved in the ecosystem—once you’re in the network and people get to know you, opportunities will begin to surface organically.

Summary Table: How to Receive Bitcoin w/o Fiat

| Method | Effort Level | Payout Potential | Notes | | ------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | | Offer services for BTC | Medium | High | Most scalable—mine sats directly instead of fiat | | Sell goods for BTC | Medium | Medium | Local or online; accessible | | Micro-transactions (Nostr) | Low/Medium | Medium (over time) | Lightning required, engaging helps | | Accept BTC tips | Low | Low to Medium | Best for service or gig workers | | Cashback / rewards programs | Low | Low to Medium | Passive sat stacking on normal spending | | Mini Bitcoin mining | Medium | Low / Lottery Level | For advanced users |

What did I forget? Let me know your tips and thoughts in the comments below ✨

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Owl’s One-Legged Vigil

The vigil, one leg style

In a misty grove, Sylas the owl perched on a gnarled oak, standing on one leg. His golden eyes scanned the night. Why one leg? A vow to honor his lost mate, taken by a hawk. Each dusk, Sylas balanced, unwavering, as stars wheeled above. His silent stance drew the forest’s gaze—squirrels paused, deer bowed. One moonlit night, a young owl mimicked him, sparking hope. Sylas’s vigil became legend, a beacon of resilience.

Owl’s One-Legged Vigil: Part Two

Part 2

In the misty grove, Sylas stood on one leg, his vigil unbroken. The young owl, inspired, joined nightly, mimicking his stance. Word spread—foxes whispered, ravens cawed. Sylas’s balance was no mere feat; it was defiance against loss. One stormy dusk, winds howled, yet Sylas held firm, his single leg rooted. The young owl faltered but watched in awe. Moonlight pierced the clouds, bathing them in silver. Sylas hooted softly, a call of endurance. The grove’s creatures gathered, drawn by his resolve. A wise badger spoke: “Your vigil heals us.” The young owl, now named Lark, vowed to carry Sylas’s legacy. As dawn broke, Sylas stretched both legs, his vow fulfilled. He flew with Lark, their wings brushing the sky. The grove thrived, united by his stand. Sylas’s one-legged vigil became a tale of hope, etched in every tree.

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

My blog posts and reading material have both been on a decidedly economics-heavy slant recently. The topic today, incentives, squarely falls into the category of economics. However, when I say economics, I’m not talking about “analyzing supply and demand curves.” I’m talking about the true basis of economics: understanding how human beings make decisions in a world of scarcity.

A fair definition of incentive is “a reward or punishment that motivates behavior to achieve a desired outcome.” When most people think about economic incentives, they’re thinking of money. If I offer my son $5 if he washes the dishes, I’m incentivizing certain behavior. We can’t guarantee that he’ll do what I want him to do, but we can agree that the incentive structure itself will guide and ultimately determine what outcome will occur.

The great thing about monetary incentives is how easy they are to talk about and compare. “Would I rather make $5 washing the dishes or $10 cleaning the gutters?” But much of the world is incentivized in non-monetary ways too. For example, using the “punishment” half of the definition above, I might threaten my son with losing Nintendo Switch access if he doesn’t wash the dishes. No money is involved, but I’m still incentivizing behavior.

And there are plenty of incentives beyond our direct control! My son is also incentivized to not wash dishes because it’s boring, or because he has some friends over that he wants to hang out with, or dozens of other things. Ultimately, the conflicting array of different incentive structures placed on him will ultimately determine what actions he chooses to take.

Why incentives matter

A phrase I see often in discussions—whether they are political, parenting, economic, or business—is “if they could just do…” Each time I see that phrase, I cringe a bit internally. Usually, the underlying assumption of the statement is “if people would behave contrary to their incentivized behavior then things would be better.” For example:

• If my kids would just go to bed when I tell them, they wouldn’t be so cranky in the morning.
• If people would just use the recycling bin, we wouldn’t have such a landfill problem.
• If people would just stop being lazy, our team would deliver our project on time.

In all these cases, the speakers are seemingly flummoxed as to why the people in question don’t behave more rationally. The problem is: each group is behaving perfectly rationally.

• The kids have a high time preference, and care more about the joy of staying up now than the crankiness in the morning. Plus, they don’t really suffer the consequences of morning crankiness, their parents do.
• No individual suffers much from their individual contribution to a landfill. If they stopped growing the size of the landfill, it would make an insignificant difference versus the amount of effort they need to engage in to properly recycle.
• If a team doesn’t properly account for the productivity of individuals on a project, each individual receives less harm from their own inaction. Sure, the project may be delayed, company revenue may be down, and they may even risk losing their job when the company goes out of business. But their laziness individually won’t determine the entirety of that outcome. By contrast, they greatly benefit from being lazy by getting to relax at work, go on social media, read a book, or do whatever else they do when they’re supposed to be working.

My point here is that, as long as you ignore the reality of how incentives drive human behavior, you’ll fail at getting the outcomes you want.

If everything I wrote up until now made perfect sense, you understand the premise of this blog post. The rest of it will focus on a bunch of real-world examples to hammer home the point, and demonstrate how versatile this mental model is.

Running a company

Let’s say I run my own company, with myself as the only employee. My personal revenue will be 100% determined by my own actions. If I decide to take Tuesday afternoon off and go fishing, I’ve chosen to lose that afternoon’s revenue. Implicitly, I’ve decided that the enjoyment I get from an afternoon of fishing is greater than the potential revenue. You may think I’m being lazy, but it’s my decision to make. In this situation, the incentive–money–is perfectly aligned with my actions.

Compare this to a typical company/employee relationship. I might have a bank of Paid Time Off (PTO) days, in which case once again my incentives are relatively aligned. I know that I can take off 15 days throughout the year, and I’ve chosen to use half a day for the fishing trip. All is still good.

What about unlimited time off? Suddenly incentives are starting to misalign. I don’t directly pay a price for not showing up to work on Tuesday. Or Wednesday as well, for that matter. I might ultimately be fired for not doing my job, but that will take longer to work its way through the system than simply not making any money for the day taken off.

Compensation overall falls into this misaligned incentive structure. Let’s forget about taking time off. Instead, I work full time on a software project I’m assigned. But instead of using the normal toolchain we’re all used to at work, I play around with a new programming language. I get the fun and joy of playing with new technology, and potentially get to pad my resume a bit when I’m ready to look for a new job. But my current company gets slower results, less productivity, and is forced to subsidize my extracurricular learning.

When a CEO has a bonus structure based on profitability, he’ll do everything he can to make the company profitable. This might include things that actually benefit the company, like improving product quality, reducing internal red tape, or finding cheaper vendors. But it might also include destructive practices, like slashing the R\&D budget to show massive profits this year, in exchange for a catastrophe next year when the next version of the product fails to ship.

Or my favorite example. My parents owned a business when I was growing up. They had a back office where they ran operations like accounting. All of the furniture was old couches from our house. After all, any money they spent on furniture came right out of their paychecks! But in a large corporate environment, each department is generally given a budget for office furniture, a budget which doesn’t roll over year-to-year. The result? Executives make sure to spend the entire budget each year, often buying furniture far more expensive than they would choose if it was their own money.

There are plenty of details you can quibble with above. It’s in a company’s best interest to give people downtime so that they can come back recharged. Having good ergonomic furniture can in fact increase productivity in excess of the money spent on it. But overall, the picture is pretty clear: in large corporate structures, you’re guaranteed to have mismatches between the company’s goals and the incentive structure placed on individuals.

Using our model from above, we can lament how lazy, greedy, and unethical the employees are for doing what they’re incentivized to do instead of what’s right. But that’s simply ignoring the reality of human nature.

Moral hazard

Moral hazard is a situation where one party is incentivized to take on more risk because another party will bear the consequences. Suppose I tell my son when he turns 21 (or whatever legal gambling age is) that I’ll cover all his losses for a day at the casino, but he gets to keep all the winnings.

What do you think he’s going to do? The most logical course of action is to place the largest possible bets for as long as possible, asking me to cover each time he loses, and taking money off the table and into his bank account each time he wins.

But let’s look at a slightly more nuanced example. I go to a bathroom in the mall. As I’m leaving, I wash my hands. It will take me an extra 1 second to turn off the water when I’m done washing. That’s a trivial price to pay. If I don’t turn off the water, the mall will have to pay for many liters of wasted water, benefiting no one. But I won’t suffer any consequences at all.

This is also a moral hazard, but most people will still turn off the water. Why? Usually due to some combination of other reasons such as:

1. We’re so habituated to turning off the water that we don’t even consider not turning it off. Put differently, the mental effort needed to not turn off the water is more expensive than the 1 second of time to turn it off.
2. Many of us have been brought up with a deep guilt about wasting resources like water. We have an internal incentive structure that makes the 1 second to turn off the water much less costly than the mental anguish of the waste we created.
3. We’re afraid we’ll be caught by someone else and face some kind of social repercussions. (Or maybe more than social. Are you sure there isn’t a law against leaving the water tap on?)

Even with all that in place, you may notice that many public bathrooms use automatic water dispensers. Sure, there’s a sanitation reason for that, but it’s also to avoid this moral hazard.

A common denominator in both of these is that the person taking the action that causes the liability (either the gambling or leaving the water on) is not the person who bears the responsibility for that liability (the father or the mall owner). Generally speaking, the closer together the person making the decision and the person incurring the liability are, the smaller the moral hazard.

It’s easy to demonstrate that by extending the casino example a bit. I said it was the father who was covering the losses of the gambler. Many children (though not all) would want to avoid totally bankrupting their parents, or at least financially hurting them. Instead, imagine that someone from the IRS shows up at your door, hands you a credit card, and tells you you can use it at a casino all day, taking home all the chips you want. The money is coming from the government. How many people would put any restriction on how much they spend?

And since we’re talking about the government already…

Government moral hazards

As I was preparing to write this blog post, the California wildfires hit. The discussions around those wildfires gave a huge number of examples of moral hazards. I decided to cherry-pick a few for this post.

The first and most obvious one: California is asking for disaster relief funds from the federal government. That sounds wonderful. These fires were a natural disaster, so why shouldn’t the federal government pitch in and help take care of people?

The problem is, once again, a moral hazard. In the case of the wildfires, California and Los Angeles both had ample actions they could have taken to mitigate the destruction of this fire: better forest management, larger fire department, keeping the water reservoirs filled, and probably much more that hasn’t come to light yet.

If the federal government bails out California, it will be a clear message for the future: your mistakes will be fixed by others. You know what kind of behavior that incentivizes? More risky behavior! Why spend state funds on forest management and extra firefighters—activities that don’t win politicians a lot of votes in general—when you could instead spend it on a football stadium, higher unemployment payments, or anything else, and then let the feds cover the cost of screw-ups.

You may notice that this is virtually identical to the 2008 “too big to fail” bail-outs. Wall Street took insanely risky behavior, reaped huge profits for years, and when they eventually got caught with their pants down, the rest of us bailed them out. “Privatizing profits, socializing losses.”

And here’s the absolute best part of this: I can’t even truly blame either California or Wall Street. (I mean, I do blame them, I think their behavior is reprehensible, but you’ll see what I mean.) In a world where the rules of the game implicitly include the bail-out mentality, you would be harming your citizens/shareholders/investors if you didn’t engage in that risky behavior. Since everyone is on the hook for those socialized losses, your best bet is to maximize those privatized profits.

There’s a lot more to government and moral hazard, but I think these two cases demonstrate the crux pretty solidly. But let’s leave moral hazard behind for a bit and get to general incentivization discussions.

Non-monetary competition

At least 50% of the economics knowledge I have comes from the very first econ course I took in college. That professor was amazing, and had some very colorful stories. I can’t vouch for the veracity of the two I’m about to share, but they definitely drive the point home.

In the 1970s, the US had an oil shortage. To “fix” this problem, they instituted price caps on gasoline, which of course resulted in insufficient gasoline. To “fix” this problem, they instituted policies where, depending on your license plate number, you could only fill up gas on certain days of the week. (Irrelevant detail for our point here, but this just resulted in people filling up their tanks more often, no reduction in gas usage.)

Anyway, my professor’s wife had a friend. My professor described in great detail how attractive this woman was. I’ll skip those details here since this is a PG-rated blog. In any event, she never had any trouble filling up her gas tank any day of the week. She would drive up, be told she couldn’t fill up gas today, bat her eyes at the attendant, explain how helpless she was, and was always allowed to fill up gas.

This is a demonstration of non-monetary compensation. Most of the time in a free market, capitalist economy, people are compensated through money. When price caps come into play, there’s a limit to how much monetary compensation someone can receive. And in that case, people find other ways of competing. Like this woman’s case: through using flirtatious behavior to compensate the gas station workers to let her cheat the rules.

The other example was much more insidious. Santa Monica had a problem: it was predominantly wealthy and white. They wanted to fix this problem, and decided to put in place rent controls. After some time, they discovered that Santa Monica had become wealthier and whiter, the exact opposite of their desired outcome. Why would that happen?

Someone investigated, and ended up interviewing a landlady that demonstrated the reason. She was an older white woman, and admittedly racist. Prior to the rent controls, she would list her apartments in the newspaper, and would be legally obligated to rent to anyone who could afford it. Once rent controls were in place, she took a different tact. She knew that she would only get a certain amount for the apartment, and that the demand for apartments was higher than the supply. That meant she could be picky.

She ended up finding tenants through friends-of-friends. Since it wasn’t an official advertisement, she wasn’t legally required to rent it out if someone could afford to pay. Instead, she got to interview people individually and then make them an offer. Normally, that would have resulted in receiving a lower rental price, but not under rent controls.

So who did she choose? A young, unmarried, wealthy, white woman. It made perfect sense. Women were less intimidating and more likely to maintain the apartment better. Wealthy people, she determined, would be better tenants. (I have no idea if this is true in practice or not, I’m not a landlord myself.) Unmarried, because no kids running around meant less damage to the property. And, of course, white. Because she was racist, and her incentive structure made her prefer whites.

You can deride her for being racist, I won’t disagree with you. But it’s simply the reality. Under the non-rent-control scenario, her profit motive for money outweighed her racism motive. But under rent control, the monetary competition was removed, and she was free to play into her racist tendencies without facing any negative consequences.

Bureaucracy

These were the two examples I remember for that course. But non-monetary compensation pops up in many more places. One highly pertinent example is bureaucracies. Imagine you have a government office, or a large corporation’s acquisition department, or the team that apportions grants at a university. In all these cases, you have a group of people making decisions about handing out money that has no monetary impact on them. If they give to the best qualified recipients, they receive no raises. If they spend the money recklessly on frivolous projects, they face no consequences.

Under such an incentivization scheme, there’s little to encourage the bureaucrats to make intelligent funding decisions. Instead, they’ll be incentivized to spend the money where they recognize non-monetary benefits. This is why it’s so common to hear about expensive meals, gift bags at conferences, and even more inappropriate ways of trying to curry favor with those that hold the purse strings.

Compare that ever so briefly with the purchases made by a small mom-and-pop store like my parents owned. Could my dad take a bribe to buy from a vendor who’s ripping him off? Absolutely he could! But he’d lose more on the deal than he’d make on the bribe, since he’s directly incentivized by the deal itself. It would make much more sense for him to go with the better vendor, save $5,000 on the deal, and then treat himself to a lavish $400 meal to celebrate.

Government incentivized behavior

This post is getting longer in the tooth than I’d intended, so I’ll finish off with this section and make it a bit briefer. Beyond all the methods mentioned above, government has another mechanism for modifying behavior: through directly changing incentives via legislation, regulation, and monetary policy. Let’s see some examples:

• Artificial modification of interest rates encourages people to take on more debt than they would in a free capital market, leading to malinvestment and a consumer debt crisis, and causing the boom-bust cycle we all painfully experience.
• Going along with that, giving tax breaks on interest payments further artificially incentivizes people to take on debt that they wouldn’t otherwise.
• During COVID-19, at some points unemployment benefits were greater than minimum wage, incentivizing people to rather stay home and not work than get a job, leading to reduced overall productivity in the economy and more printed dollars for benefits. In other words, it was a perfect recipe for inflation.
• The tax code gives deductions to “help” people. That might be true, but the real impact is incentivizing people to make decisions they wouldn’t have otherwise. For example, giving out tax deductions on children encourages having more kids. Tax deductions on childcare and preschools incentivizes dual-income households. Whether or not you like the outcomes, it’s clear that it’s government that’s encouraging these outcomes to happen.
• Tax incentives cause people to engage in behavior they wouldn’t otherwise (daycare+working mother, for example).
• Inflation means that the value of your money goes down over time, which encourages people to spend more today, when their money has a larger impact. (Milton Friedman described this as high living.)

Conclusion

The idea here is simple, and fully encapsulated in the title: incentives determine outcomes. If you want to know how to get a certain outcome from others, incentivize them to want that to happen. If you want to understand why people act in seemingly irrational ways, check their incentives. If you’re confused why leaders (and especially politicians) seem to engage in destructive behavior, check their incentives.

We can bemoan these realities all we want, but they are realities. While there are some people who have a solid internal moral and ethical code, and that internal code incentivizes them to behave against their externally-incentivized interests, those people are rare. And frankly, those people are self-defeating. People should take advantage of the incentives around them. Because if they don’t, someone else will.

(If you want a literary example of that last comment, see the horse in Animal Farm.)

How do we improve the world under these conditions? Make sure the incentives align well with the overall goals of society. To me, it’s a simple formula:

• Focus on free trade, value for value, as the basis of a society. In that system, people are always incentivized to provide value to other people.
• Reduce the size of bureaucracies and large groups of all kinds. The larger an organization becomes, the farther the consequences of decisions are from those who make them.
• And since the nature of human beings will be to try and create areas where they can control the incentive systems to their own benefits, make that as difficult as possible. That comes in the form of strict limits on government power, for example.

And even if you don’t want to buy in to this conclusion, I hope the rest of the content was educational, and maybe a bit entertaining!

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

I’ve been using Notedeck for several months, starting with its extremely early and experimental alpha versions, all the way to its current, more stable alpha releases. The journey has been fascinating, as I’ve had the privilege of watching it evolve from a concept into a functional and promising tool.

In its earliest stages, Notedeck was raw—offering glimpses of its potential but still far from practical for daily use. Even then, the vision behind it was clear: a platform designed to redefine how we interact with Nostr by offering flexibility and power for all users.

I'm very bullish on Notedeck. Why? Because Will Casarin is making it! Duh! 😂

Seriously though, if we’re reimagining the web and rebuilding portions of the Internet, it’s important to recognize the potential of Notedeck. If Nostr is reimagining the web, then Notedeck is reimagining the Nostr client.

Notedeck isn’t just another Nostr app—it’s more a Nostr browser that functions more like an operating system with micro-apps. How cool is that?

Much like how Google's Chrome evolved from being a web browser with a task manager into ChromeOS, a full blown operating system, Notedeck aims to transform how we interact with the Nostr. It goes beyond individual apps, offering a foundation for a fully integrated ecosystem built around Nostr.

As a Nostr evangelist, I love to scream INTEROPERABILITY and tout every application's integrations. Well, Notedeck has the potential to be one of the best platforms to showcase these integrations in entirely new and exciting ways.

Do you want an Olas feed of images? Add the media column.

Do you want a feed of live video events? Add the zap.stream column.

Do you want Nostr Nests or audio chats? Add that column to your Notedeck.

Git? Email? Books? Chat and DMs? It's all possible.

Not everyone wants a super app though, and that’s okay. As with most things in the Nostr ecosystem, flexibility is key. Notedeck gives users the freedom to choose how they engage with it—whether it’s simply following hashtags or managing straightforward feeds. You'll be able to tailor Notedeck to fit your needs, using it as extensively or minimally as you prefer.

Notedeck is designed with a local-first approach, utilizing Nostr content stored directly on your device via the local nostrdb. This will enable a plethora of advanced tools such as search and filtering, the creation of custom feeds, and the ability to develop personalized algorithms across multiple Notedeck micro-applications—all with unparalleled flexibility.

Notedeck also supports multicast. Let's geek out for a second. Multicast is a method of communication where data is sent from one source to multiple destinations simultaneously, but only to devices that wish to receive the data. Unlike broadcast, which sends data to all devices on a network, multicast targets specific receivers, reducing network traffic. This is commonly used for efficient data distribution in scenarios like streaming, conferencing, or large-scale data synchronization between devices.

In a local first world where each device holds local copies of your nostr nodes, and each device transparently syncs with each other on the local network, each node becomes a backup. Your data becomes antifragile automatically. When a node goes down it can resync and recover from other nodes. Even if not all nodes have a complete collection, negentropy can pull down only what is needed from each device. All this can be done without internet.

-Will Casarin

In the context of Notedeck, multicast would allow multiple devices to sync their Nostr nodes with each other over a local network without needing an internet connection. Wild.

Notedeck aims to offer full customization too, including the ability to design and share custom skins, much like Winamp. Users will also be able to create personalized columns and, in the future, share their setups with others. This opens the door for power users to craft tailored Nostr experiences, leveraging their expertise in the protocol and applications. By sharing these configurations as "Starter Decks," they can simplify onboarding and showcase the best of Nostr’s ecosystem.

Nostr’s “Other Stuff” can often be difficult to discover, use, or understand. Many users doesn't understand or know how to use web browser extensions to login to applications. Let's not even get started with nsecbunkers. Notedeck will address this challenge by providing a native experience that brings these lesser-known applications, tools, and content into a user-friendly and accessible interface, making exploration seamless. However, that doesn't mean Notedeck should disregard power users that want to use nsecbunkers though - hint hint.

For anyone interested in watching Nostr be developed live, right before your very eyes, Notedeck’s progress serves as a reminder of what’s possible when innovation meets dedication. The current alpha is already demonstrating its ability to handle complex use cases, and I’m excited to see how it continues to grow as it moves toward a full release later this year.

@ 609f186c:0aa4e8af

I love that #nostr lets me write in long form. I see this as one of the brightest parts of Nostr's future.

Friends, I appreciate that you like thoughtful & detailed posts.

I'm also trying to move myself away from the** sustained-thought atrophy of the Twitter format**.. where half of each tweet is like half headline.

But I've struggled with composing long notes on a client in a way that is natural & intuitive.

It has been especially difficult to get a sense for how the thing is gonna look.

And when I want to add in more material...yiikes.

So I'm delighted to be composing this post in the brandnew note editor from #Primal.

So far, it feels really good. And I like that I can selectively format text.

The troll in me still wants a <blink> tag.

Onwards to sustained cognition & real conversation!

Check out Primal's editor: https://primal.net/myarticles

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Owl’s One-Legged Vigil

The vigil, one leg style

In a misty grove, Sylas the owl perched on a gnarled oak, standing on one leg. His golden eyes scanned the night. Why one leg? A vow to honor his lost mate, taken by a hawk. Each dusk, Sylas balanced, unwavering, as stars wheeled above. His silent stance drew the forest’s gaze—squirrels paused, deer bowed. One moonlit night, a young owl mimicked him, sparking hope. Sylas’s vigil became legend, a beacon of resilience.

Owl’s One-Legged Vigil: Part Two

Part 2

In the misty grove, Sylas stood on one leg, his vigil unbroken. The young owl, inspired, joined nightly, mimicking his stance. Word spread—foxes whispered, ravens cawed. Sylas’s balance was no mere feat; it was defiance against loss. One stormy dusk, winds howled, yet Sylas held firm, his single leg rooted. The young owl faltered but watched in awe. Moonlight pierced the clouds, bathing them in silver. Sylas hooted softly, a call of endurance. The grove’s creatures gathered, drawn by his resolve. A wise badger spoke: “Your vigil heals us.” The young owl, now named Lark, vowed to carry Sylas’s legacy. As dawn broke, Sylas stretched both legs, his vow fulfilled. He flew with Lark, their wings brushing the sky. The grove thrived, united by his stand. Sylas’s one-legged vigil became a tale of hope, etched in every tree.

@ 23b0e2f8:d8af76fc

Necessário

• Um Android que você não use mais (a câmera deve estar funcionando).
• Um cartão microSD (opcional, usado apenas uma vez).
• Um dispositivo para acompanhar seus fundos (provavelmente você já tem um).

Algumas coisas que você precisa saber

• O dispositivo servirá como um assinador. Qualquer movimentação só será efetuada após ser assinada por ele.
• O cartão microSD será usado para transferir o APK do Electrum e garantir que o aparelho não terá contato com outras fontes de dados externas após sua formatação. Contudo, é possível usar um cabo USB para o mesmo propósito.
• A ideia é deixar sua chave privada em um dispositivo offline, que ficará desligado em 99% do tempo. Você poderá acompanhar seus fundos em outro dispositivo conectado à internet, como seu celular ou computador pessoal.

---

O tutorial será dividido em dois módulos:

• Módulo 1 - Criando uma carteira fria/assinador.
• Módulo 2 - Configurando um dispositivo para visualizar seus fundos e assinando transações com o assinador.

---

No final, teremos:

• Uma carteira fria que também servirá como assinador.
• Um dispositivo para acompanhar os fundos da carteira.

---

Módulo 1 - Criando uma carteira fria/assinador

1. Baixe o APK do Electrum na aba de downloads em https://electrum.org/. Fique à vontade para verificar as assinaturas do software, garantindo sua autenticidade.

2. Formate o cartão microSD e coloque o APK do Electrum nele. Caso não tenha um cartão microSD, pule este passo.

1. Retire os chips e acessórios do aparelho que será usado como assinador, formate-o e aguarde a inicialização.

1. Durante a inicialização, pule a etapa de conexão ao Wi-Fi e rejeite todas as solicitações de conexão. Após isso, você pode desinstalar aplicativos desnecessários, pois precisará apenas do Electrum. Certifique-se de que Wi-Fi, Bluetooth e dados móveis estejam desligados. Você também pode ativar o modo avião.\ (Curiosidade: algumas pessoas optam por abrir o aparelho e danificar a antena do Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, impossibilitando essas funcionalidades.)

1. Insira o cartão microSD com o APK do Electrum no dispositivo e instale-o. Será necessário permitir instalações de fontes não oficiais.

1. No Electrum, crie uma carteira padrão e gere suas palavras-chave (seed). Anote-as em um local seguro. Caso algo aconteça com seu assinador, essas palavras permitirão o acesso aos seus fundos novamente. (Aqui entra seu método pessoal de backup.)

---

Módulo 2 - Configurando um dispositivo para visualizar seus fundos e assinando transações com o assinador.

1. Criar uma carteira somente leitura em outro dispositivo, como seu celular ou computador pessoal, é uma etapa bastante simples. Para este tutorial, usaremos outro smartphone Android com Electrum. Instale o Electrum a partir da aba de downloads em https://electrum.org/ ou da própria Play Store. (ATENÇÃO: O Electrum não existe oficialmente para iPhone. Desconfie se encontrar algum.)

2. Após instalar o Electrum, crie uma carteira padrão, mas desta vez escolha a opção Usar uma chave mestra.

1. Agora, no assinador que criamos no primeiro módulo, exporte sua chave pública: vá em Carteira > Detalhes da carteira > Compartilhar chave mestra pública.

1. Escaneie o QR gerado da chave pública com o dispositivo de consulta. Assim, ele poderá acompanhar seus fundos, mas sem permissão para movimentá-los.

2. Para receber fundos, envie Bitcoin para um dos endereços gerados pela sua carteira: Carteira > Addresses/Coins.

3. Para movimentar fundos, crie uma transação no dispositivo de consulta. Como ele não possui a chave privada, será necessário assiná-la com o dispositivo assinador.

1. No assinador, escaneie a transação não assinada, confirme os detalhes, assine e compartilhe. Será gerado outro QR, desta vez com a transação já assinada.

1. No dispositivo de consulta, escaneie o QR da transação assinada e transmita-a para a rede.

---

Conclusão

Pontos positivos do setup:

• Simplicidade: Basta um dispositivo Android antigo.
• Flexibilidade: Funciona como uma ótima carteira fria, ideal para holders.

Pontos negativos do setup:

• Padronização: Não utiliza seeds no padrão BIP-39, você sempre precisará usar o electrum.
• Interface: A aparência do Electrum pode parecer antiquada para alguns usuários.

Nesse ponto, temos uma carteira fria que também serve para assinar transações. O fluxo de assinar uma transação se torna: Gerar uma transação não assinada > Escanear o QR da transação não assinada > Conferir e assinar essa transação com o assinador > Gerar QR da transação assinada > Escanear a transação assinada com qualquer outro dispositivo que possa transmiti-la para a rede.

Como alguns devem saber, uma transação assinada de Bitcoin é praticamente impossível de ser fraudada. Em um cenário catastrófico, você pode mesmo que sem internet, repassar essa transação assinada para alguém que tenha acesso à rede por qualquer meio de comunicação. Mesmo que não queiramos que isso aconteça um dia, esse setup acaba por tornar essa prática possível.

---

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

Not everything broken makes a loud sound.\ \ Some addictions don’t crash through your life like a wrecking ball.\ They slip in quietly… as habits, comforts, little things you reach for when the world gets too sharp.

Maybe it’s the drink, the screen, the secret you’ve never spoken out loud.\ Maybe it’s just the constant ache of feeling not-enough… and trying to cover that feeling any way you can.

Whatever it is, if you're reading this, and you’re tired… that’s okay. Tired doesn’t mean you’re failing. Tired often means you're ready.

Healing starts small. It doesn’t need drama. It doesn’t require perfection. It just needs willingness, even a crack of it.

Here’s what I know:

• You don’t have to be strong every day. You just have to be honest today. Honesty with yourself is the real starting line.

• You’re not weak because you struggle. In fact, noticing the struggle is a strength many never reach.

• The soul wants peace. Your heart already knows what’s hurting you, and it’s been whispering the way forward. Start listening.

• You can begin again. Not tomorrow. Not “after one more time.” Right now. It can be as simple as a walk, a glass of water, a phone call, or a deep breath and a prayer whispered into the quiet.

There is no shame in the reaching.\ There is only growth in the choosing.\ Even if it’s the 5th or 500th time.

You weren’t made to live trapped in a loop. You were made for light.\ For joy.\ For a real connection.\ For the freedom that doesn’t need to be earned, just received.

Some call that faith.\ Some call it grace.\ Some call it hope.

Whatever you call it, it’s waiting for you not on the other side of healing, but right here in the middle of your mess.

You are not too far gone.\ You are not too broken.\ You are still becoming.\ And that’s a beautiful thing.

Start small. Be gentle. Don’t give up.

I’m rooting for you.

--> JC

@ 1bda7e1f:bb97c4d9

Tldr

• Nostr is an open and interoperable protocol
• You can integrate it with workflow automation tools to augment your experience
• n8n is a great low/no-code workflow automation tool which you can host yourself
• Nostrobots allows you to integrate Nostr into n8n
• In this blog I create some workflow automations for Nostr
• A simple form to delegate posting notes
• Push notifications for mentions on multiple accounts
• Push notifications for your favourite accounts when they post a note
• All workflows are provided as open source with MIT license for you to use

Inter-op All The Things

Nostr is a new open social protocol for the internet. This open nature exciting because of the opportunities for interoperability with other technologies. In Using NFC Cards with Nostr I explored the nostr: URI to launch Nostr clients from a card tap.

The interoperability of Nostr doesn't stop there. The internet has many super-powers, and Nostr is open to all of them. Simply, there's no one to stop it. There is no one in charge, there are no permissioned APIs, and there are no risks of being de-platformed. If you can imagine technologies that would work well with Nostr, then any and all of them can ride on or alongside Nostr rails.

My mental model for why this is special is Google Wave ~2010. Google Wave was to be the next big platform. Lars was running it and had a big track record from Maps. I was excited for it. Then, Google pulled the plug. And, immediately all the time and capital invested in understanding and building on the platform was wasted.

This cannot happen to Nostr, as there is no one to pull the plug, and maybe even no plug to pull.

So long as users demand Nostr, Nostr will exist, and that is a pretty strong guarantee. It makes it worthwhile to invest in bringing Nostr into our other applications.

All we need are simple ways to plug things together.

Nostr and Workflow Automation

Workflow automation is about helping people to streamline their work. As a user, the most common way I achieve this is by connecting disparate systems together. By setting up one system to trigger another or to move data between systems, I can solve for many different problems and become way more effective.

n8n for workflow automation

Many workflow automation tools exist. My favourite is n8n. n8n is a low/no-code workflow automation platform which allows you to build all kinds of workflows. You can use it for free, you can self-host it, it has a user-friendly UI and useful API. Vs Zapier it can be far more elaborate. Vs Make.com I find it to be more intuitive in how it abstracts away the right parts of the code, but still allows you to code when you need to.

Most importantly you can plug anything into n8n: You have built-in nodes for specific applications. HTTP nodes for any other API-based service. And community nodes built by individual community members for any other purpose you can imagine.

Eating my own dogfood

It's very clear to me that there is a big design space here just demanding to be explored. If you could integrate Nostr with anything, what would you do?

In my view the best way for anyone to start anything is by solving their own problem first (aka "scratching your own itch" and "eating your own dogfood"). As I get deeper into Nostr I find myself controlling multiple Npubs – to date I have a personal Npub, a brand Npub for a community I am helping, an AI assistant Npub, and various testing Npubs. I need ways to delegate access to those Npubs without handing over the keys, ways to know if they're mentioned, and ways to know if they're posting.

I can build workflows with n8n to solve these issues for myself to start with, and keep expanding from there as new needs come up.

Running n8n with Nostrobots

I am mostly non-technical with a very helpful AI. To set up n8n to work with Nostr and operate these workflows should be possible for anyone with basic technology skills.

• I have a cheap VPS which currently runs my HAVEN Nostr Relay and Albyhub Lightning Node in Docker containers,
• My objective was to set up n8n to run alongside these in a separate Docker container on the same server, install the required nodes, and then build and host my workflows.

Installing n8n

Self-hosting n8n could not be easier. I followed n8n's Docker-Compose installation docs–

• Install Docker and Docker-Compose if you haven't already,
• Create your docker-compose.yml and .env files from the docs,
• Create your data folder sudo docker volume create n8n_data,
• Start your container with sudo docker compose up -d,
• Your n8n instance should be online at port 5678.

n8n is free to self-host but does require a license. Enter your credentials into n8n to get your free license key. You should now have access to the Workflow dashboard and can create and host any kind of workflows from there.

Installing Nostrobots

To integrate n8n nicely with Nostr, I used the Nostrobots community node by Ocknamo.

In n8n parlance a "node" enables certain functionality as a step in a workflow e.g. a "set" node sets a variable, a "send email" node sends an email. n8n comes with all kinds of "official" nodes installed by default, and Nostr is not amongst them. However, n8n also comes with a framework for community members to create their own "community" nodes, which is where Nostrobots comes in.

You can only use a community node in a self-hosted n8n instance (which is what you have if you are running in Docker on your own server, but this limitation does prevent you from using n8n's own hosted alternative).

To install a community node, see n8n community node docs. From your workflow dashboard–

• Click the "..." in the bottom left corner beside your username, and click "settings",
• Cilck "community nodes" left sidebar,
• Click "Install",
• Enter the "npm Package Name" which is n8n-nodes-nostrobots,
• Accept the risks and click "Install",
• Nostrobots is now added to your n8n instance.

Using Nostrobots

Nostrobots gives you nodes to help you build Nostr-integrated workflows–

• Nostr Write – for posting Notes to the Nostr network,
• Nostr Read – for reading Notes from the Nostr network, and
• Nostr Utils – for performing certain conversions you may need (e.g. from bech32 to hex).

Nostrobots has good documentation on each node which focuses on simple use cases.

Each node has a "convenience mode" by default. For example, the "Read" Node by default will fetch Kind 1 notes by a simple filter, in Nostrobots parlance a "Strategy". For example, with Strategy set to "Mention" the node will accept a pubkey and fetch all Kind 1 notes that Mention the pubkey within a time period. This is very good for quick use.

What wasn't clear to me initially (until Ocknamo helped me out) is that advanced use cases are also possible.

Each node also has an advanced mode. For example, the "Read" Node can have "Strategy" set to "RawFilter(advanced)". Now the node will accept json (anything you like that complies with NIP-01). You can use this to query Notes (Kind 1) as above, and also Profiles (Kind 0), Follow Lists (Kind 3), Reactions (Kind 7), Zaps (Kind 9734/9735), and anything else you can think of.

Creating and adding workflows

With n8n and Nostrobots installed, you can now create or add any kind of Nostr Workflow Automation.

• Click "Add workflow" to go to the workflow builder screen,
• If you would like to build your own workflow, you can start with adding any node. Click "+" and see what is available. Type "Nostr" to explore the Nostrobots nodes you have added,
• If you would like to add workflows that someone else has built, click "..." in the top right. Then click "import from URL" and paste in the URL of any workflow you would like to use (including the ones I share later in this article).

Nostr Workflow Automations

It's time to build some things!

A simple form to post a note to Nostr

I started very simply. I needed to delegate the ability to post to Npubs that I own in order that a (future) team can test things for me. I don't want to worry about managing or training those people on how to use keys, and I want to revoke access easily.

I needed a basic form with credentials that posted a Note.

For this I can use a very simple workflow–

• A n8n Form node – Creates a form for users to enter the note they wish to post. Allows for the form to be protected by a username and password. This node is the workflow "trigger" so that the workflow runs each time the form is submitted.
• A Set node – Allows me to set some variables, in this case I set the relays that I intend to use. I typically add a Set node immediately following the trigger node, and put all the variables I need in this. It helps to make the workflows easier to update and maintain.
• A Nostr Write node (from Nostrobots) – Writes a Kind-1 note to the Nostr network. It accepts Nostr credentials, the output of the Form node, and the relays from the Set node, and posts the Note to those relays.

Once the workflow is built, you can test it with the testing form URL, and set it to "Active" to use the production form URL. That's it. You can now give posting access to anyone for any Npub. To revoke access, simply change the credentials or set to workflow to "Inactive".

It may also be the world's simplest Nostr client.

You can find the Nostr Form to Post a Note workflow here.

Push notifications on mentions and new notes

One of the things Nostr is not very good at is push notifications. Furthermore I have some unique itches to scratch. I want–

• To make sure I never miss a note addressed to any of my Npubs – For this I want a push notification any time any Nostr user mentions any of my Npubs,
• To make sure I always see all notes from key accounts – For this I need a push notification any time any of my Npubs post any Notes to the network,
• To get these notifications on all of my devices – Not just my phone where my Nostr regular client lives, but also on each of my laptops to suit wherever I am working that day.

I needed to build a Nostr push notifications solution.

To build this workflow I had to string a few ideas together–

• Triggering the node on a schedule – Nostrobots does not include a trigger node. As every workflow starts with a trigger we needed a different method. I elected to run the workflow on a schedule of every 10-minutes. Frequent enough to see Notes while they are hot, but infrequent enough to not burden public relays or get rate-limited,
• Storing a list of Npubs in a Nostr list – I needed a way to store the list of Npubs that trigger my notifications. I initially used an array defined in the workflow, this worked fine. Then I decided to try Nostr lists (NIP-51, kind 30000). By defining my list of Npubs as a list published to Nostr I can control my list from within a Nostr client (e.g. Listr.lol or Nostrudel.ninja). Not only does this "just work", but because it's based on Nostr lists automagically Amethyst client allows me to browse that list as a Feed, and everyone I add gets notified in their Mentions,
• Using specific relays – I needed to query the right relays, including my own HAVEN relay inbox for notes addressed to me, and wss://purplepag.es for Nostr profile metadata,
• Querying Nostr events (with Nostrobots) – I needed to make use of many different Nostr queries and use quite a wide range of what Nostrobots can do–
  • I read the EventID of my Kind 30000 list, to return the desired pubkeys,
  • For notifications on mentions, I read all Kind 1 notes that mention that pubkey,
  • For notifications on new notes, I read all Kind 1 notes published by that pubkey,
  • Where there are notes, I read the Kind 0 profile metadata event of that pubkey to get the displayName of the relevant Npub,
  • I transform the EventID into a Nevent to help clients find it.
• Using the Nostr URI – As I did with my NFC card article, I created a link with the nostr: URI prefix so that my phone's native client opens the link by default,
• Push notifications solution – I needed a push notifications solution. I found many with n8n integrations and chose to go with Pushover which supports all my devices, has a free trial, and is unfairly cheap with a $5-per-device perpetual license.

Once the workflow was built, lists published, and Pushover installed on my phone, I was fully set up with push notifications on Nostr. I have used these workflows for several weeks now and made various tweaks as I went. They are feeling robust and I'd welcome you to give them a go.

You can find the Nostr Push Notification If Mentioned here and If Posts a Note here.

In speaking with other Nostr users while I was building this, there are all kind of other needs for push notifications too – like on replies to a certain bookmarked note, or when a followed Npub starts streaming on zap.stream. These are all possible.

Use my workflows

I have open sourced all my workflows at my Github with MIT license and tried to write complete docs, so that you can import them into your n8n and configure them for your own use.

To import any of my workflows–

• Click on the workflow of your choice, e.g. "Nostr_Push_Notify_If_Mentioned.json",
• Click on the "raw" button to view the raw JSON, ex any Github page layout,
• Copy that URL,
• Enter that URL in the "import from URL" dialog mentioned above.

To configure them–

• Prerequisites, credentials, and variables are all stated,
• In general any variables required are entered into a Set Node that follows the trigger node,
• Pushover has some extra setup but is very straightforward and documented in the workflow.

What next?

Over my first four blogs I explored creating a good Nostr setup with Vanity Npub, Lightning Payments, Nostr Addresses at Your Domain, and Personal Nostr Relay.

Then in my latest two blogs I explored different types of interoperability with NFC cards and now n8n Workflow Automation.

Thinking ahead n8n can power any kind of interoperability between Nostr and any other legacy technology solution. On my mind as I write this:

• Further enhancements to posting and delegating solutions and forms (enhanced UI or different note kinds),
• Automated or scheduled posting (such as auto-liking everything Lyn Alden posts),
• Further enhancements to push notifications, on new and different types of events (such as notifying me when I get a new follower, on replies to certain posts, or when a user starts streaming),
• All kinds of bridges, such as bridging notes to and from Telegram, Slack, or Campfire. Or bridging RSS or other event feeds to Nostr,
• All kinds of other automation (such as BlackCoffee controlling a coffee machine),
• All kinds of AI Assistants and Agents,

In fact I have already released an open source workflow for an AI Assistant, and will share more about that in my next blog.

Please be sure to let me know if you think there's another Nostr topic you'd like to see me tackle.

GM Nostr.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

It's been in the news recently that Mike Waltz was not using Signal but an app called TeleMessage, which is marketed as a tool to archive Signal chat conversations. This event presents a great opportunity for learning. After years of following security and privacy tech, one of the many lessons I've learned is that humans are almost always the weak link in security. Foolish decisions are usually at the root of most breaches and attacks. This was the case with the Trump admin. I am of the opinion that it is foolish to use devices like the iPhone or any phone OS for secure communication. Not because the devices are not secure—they can be very secure. It's that humans can break this security very easily with careless behavior, as we see in this case.

While Signal encrypts messages in transit[^1] and at rest on your mobile devices, it is important to remember that any encrypted messenger app, whether it's Signal, WhatsApp, Apple Messages, or SimpleX, must decrypt the messages for you to read them. There really isn't a way around this. So, with this in mind, it's obvious that trust is involved when using any of these apps. First, you are trusting the person you are conversing with. This might seem trivial, but it seems to be lost on many people. When you send a message to another party, you have no idea what they are doing with it. Apps like Signal try to mitigate this by offering disappearing messages. Some apps don't allow screenshots of the application. But make no mistake, if your message is readable by a human, they can capture it. Even if they just snap a picture of it from another device. If that were the only thing to consider, we could end this now, but it's not.

You are also trusting the phone/device OS. While I think it is unlikely that Apple and Google are capturing the screens on devices and apps like Signal, we cannot have 100% certainty of this. At least I do not. But it's worse than this. There are attack toolkits like Pegasus which can be covertly installed on phones like the iPhone and most Android devices. It is almost certain that Pegasus or something like it could capture and expose your private messages when you read them. This is because they basically gain low-level access to the device without your knowledge. And because humans can't mentally unencrypt messages, Signal must decrypt the message for you to read it. When it does, the malicious app can capture it and send it off to the attacker. FWIW, this is possibly what happened to Tucker Carlson when he claimed that Signal "leaked" his communication about traveling to Russia to interview Putin. Though I suspect it is more likely a mole in either his operation or the Russians. The least likely scenario is that Signal was actually compromised.

So no matter how secure your messaging app may be, if your phone OS is compromised, it's game over. This wasn't the case here as Waltz foolishly was using a clone of the Signal app called TM SGNL to log Signal chats and send them to the TeleMessage servers. It appears that this was done in the clear and that the logs were even emailed to mail servers. You can read more about this in a post I made earlier today. So, as you can see, he wasn't actually using Signal at all. Signal was not the issue.

So what should you do now that you are armed with this knowledge? Well, first of all, you should take everything I write with a grain of salt. Do your own research and do not do anything you don't feel comfortable doing. Don't trust, verify. With that caveat, the likelihood of Signal being compromised in my opinion is low. The likelihood that Apple or Google is logging your Signal chats is also low. I think they could if they desired. The likelihood of your being targeted with something like Pegasus is also low but not impossible. I don't know you or your threat model. It's something to think about. But here is something everyone should consider.

The most important thing to consider is that you are always trusting the person you communicate with. This is not only true for digital communication but also in-person communication. Of course, SMS is not secure, but I do use it for things that I have no concern about being recorded. But I do prefer to use encryption when I can. A side note, we seem to be heading toward a secure-by-default standard in the future with SMS[^2], which is good to hear. I use Signal with any friends that are willing to use it, but I do not trust them all equally. For one thing, most of us do not trust everyone equally for anything. Trust is earned and built over time. But even for people I trust, I may not trust their technical skills or security practices. This has to be a consideration when you use Signal. Signal cannot protect you against a malicious recipient. This person could be building a log of your conversations. They might even be hacked and unaware. They could be using an insecure client, as was the case with the Trump admin.

So be aware. The best policy is to be very careful with anything you put in a digital device. The best way to keep a secret is to not share it. There are many thoughts and communications that I would never use a phone or computer to communicate. I think people would be wise to do the same.

[^1]: The Double Ratchet Algorithm at the heart of Signal [^2]: End to End Encryption is coming as the default for mobile phones

https://stacker.news/items/980937

@ 2ed3596e:98b4cc78

Bitcoiners, the Bitcoin Well point store just got even better.

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The Bitaxe is a modern mining ASIC, but small enough to fit on your desk.

Like Bitcoin itself, Bitaxe is fully open-source, you can  inspect, modify, and enhance the hardware and software. Bitaxes are super user friendly and are built to be customized, making a Bitaxe an incredible educational tool.

The Bitaxe is ideal for Bitcoiners who want to contribute to Bitcoin’s decentralization while also learning, first hand, what goes into the Bitcoin mining process. Who knows, you might even stumble into a block reward! 

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@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e

Since its creation, Bitcoin has been associated with the idea of financial and individual freedom. Unlike traditional money, which is controlled by governments and central banks, Bitcoin allows anyone in the world to transact and store value without relying on intermediaries. This becomes especially relevant in contexts of economic instability, financial censorship, and lack of access to the banking system.

• Bitcoin as a tool for financial autonomy

Bitcoin’s main promise is to return control of money to individuals. In the traditional financial system, banks and governments have the power to freeze accounts, restrict transactions, and devalue currencies through excessive money printing. With Bitcoin, each user has full ownership of their funds, as long as they securely store their private keys. This means that no one can confiscate or block access to their money.

Furthermore, Bitcoin enables fast and inexpensive international transactions without relying on banks or centralized payment platforms. In countries where international transfers are bureaucratic and expensive, Bitcoin offers an efficient and accessible alternative.

• Protection against censorship and state control

Governments and financial institutions can restrict access to money for political or economic reasons. In authoritarian regimes, dissidents and journalists often face financial blockades as a form of repression. Bitcoin provides a solution to this problem, as its decentralized network prevents any single entity from having full control over transactions.

This has been demonstrated in various cases around the world. In times of crisis, when governments impose banking withdrawal limits or restrict money transfers, Bitcoin has been used to bypass these barriers and ensure that people can maintain their financial freedom.

• Challenges and responsibilities of financial freedom

While Bitcoin offers greater individual freedom, it also demands more responsibility from the user. Unlike a bank account, where a customer can regain access with a simple request, in Bitcoin, possession of private keys is essential. If a user loses their keys, they lose access to their funds permanently.

Additionally, Bitcoin’s price volatility can be a challenge for those looking to use it as a short-term store of value. However, this characteristic is balanced by its deflationary model, which protects savings in the long term from the devaluation caused by fiat currency inflation.

In summary, Bitcoin represents a revolution in how people manage and protect their money. By enabling transactions free from intermediaries and resisting financial censorship, Bitcoin strengthens individual freedom and offers a viable alternative to centralized, government-controlled financial systems. However, this freedom comes with the need for greater personal responsibility, as each user is solely responsible for the security of their funds. For those who value financial sovereignty, Bitcoin is a powerful tool that can redefine the concept of money and personal autonomy in the modern world.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Here are my predictions for Nostr in 2025:

Decentralization: The outbox and inbox communication models, sometimes referred to as the Gossip model, will become the standard across the ecosystem. By the end of 2025, all major clients will support these models, providing seamless communication and enhanced decentralization. Clients that do not adopt outbox/inbox by then will be regarded as outdated or legacy systems.

Privacy Standards: Major clients such as Damus and Primal will move away from NIP-04 DMs, adopting more secure protocol possibilities like NIP-17 or NIP-104. These upgrades will ensure enhanced encryption and metadata protection. Additionally, NIP-104 MLS tools will drive the development of new clients and features, providing users with unprecedented control over the privacy of their communications.

Interoperability: Nostr's ecosystem will become even more interconnected. Platforms like the Olas image-sharing service will expand into prominent clients such as Primal, Damus, Coracle, and Snort, alongside existing integrations with Amethyst, Nostur, and Nostrudel. Similarly, audio and video tools like Nostr Nests and Zap.stream will gain seamless integration into major clients, enabling easy participation in live events across the ecosystem.

Adoption and Migration: Inspired by early pioneers like Fountain and Orange Pill App, more platforms will adopt Nostr for authentication, login, and social systems. In 2025, a significant migration from a high-profile application platform with hundreds of thousands of users will transpire, doubling Nostr’s daily activity and establishing it as a cornerstone of decentralized technologies.

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Último dia do ano, momento para tirar o pó da bola de cristal, para fazer reflexões, previsões e desejos para o próximo ano e seguintes.

Ano após ano, o Bitcoin evoluiu, foi ultrapassando etapas, tornou-se cada vez mais mainstream. Está cada vez mais difícil fazer previsões sobre o Bitcoin, já faltam poucas barreiras a serem ultrapassadas e as que faltam são altamente complexas ou tem um impacto profundo no sistema financeiro ou na sociedade. Estas alterações profundas tem que ser realizadas lentamente, porque uma alteração rápida poderia resultar em consequências terríveis, poderia provocar um retrocesso.

Código do Bitcoin

No final de 2025, possivelmente vamos ter um fork, as discussões sobre os covenants já estão avançadas, vão acelerar ainda mais. Já existe um consenso relativamente alto, a favor dos covenants, só falta decidir que modelo será escolhido. Penso que até ao final do ano será tudo decidido.

Depois dos covenants, o próximo foco será para a criptografia post-quantum, que será o maior desafio que o Bitcoin enfrenta. Criar uma criptografia segura e que não coloque a descentralização em causa.

Espero muito de Ark, possivelmente a inovação do ano, gostaria de ver o Nostr a furar a bolha bitcoinheira e que o Cashu tivesse mais reconhecimento pelos bitcoiners.

Espero que surjam avanços significativos no BitVM2 e BitVMX.

Não sei o que esperar das layer 2 de Bitcoin, foram a maior desilusão de 2024. Surgiram com muita força, mas pouca coisa saiu do papel, foi uma mão cheia de nada. Uma parte dos projetos caiu na tentação da shitcoinagem, na criação de tokens, que tem um único objetivo, enriquecer os devs e os VCs.

Se querem ser levados a sério, têm que ser sérios.

“À mulher de César não basta ser honesta, deve parecer honesta”

Se querem ter o apoio dos bitcoiners, sigam o ethos do Bitcoin.

Neste ponto a atitude do pessoal da Ark é exemplar, em vez de andar a chorar no Twitter para mudar o código do Bitcoin, eles colocaram as mãos na massa e criaram o protocolo. É claro que agora está meio “coxo”, funciona com uma multisig ou com os covenants na Liquid. Mas eles estão a criar um produto, vão demonstrar ao mercado que o produto é bom e útil. Com a adoção, a comunidade vai perceber que o Ark necessita dos covenants para melhorar a interoperabilidade e a soberania.

É este o pensamento certo, que deveria ser seguido pelos restantes e futuros projetos. É seguir aquele pensamento do J.F. Kennedy:

“Não perguntem o que é que o vosso país pode fazer por vocês, perguntem o que é que vocês podem fazer pelo vosso país”

Ou seja, não fiquem à espera que o bitcoin mude, criem primeiro as inovações/tecnologia, ganhem adoção e depois demonstrem que a alteração do código camada base pode melhorar ainda mais o vosso projeto. A necessidade é que vai levar a atualização do código.

Reservas Estratégicas de Bitcoin

Bancos centrais

Com a eleição de Trump, emergiu a ideia de uma Reserva Estratégia de Bitcoin, tornou este conceito mainstream. Foi um pivot, a partir desse momento, foram enumerados os políticos de todo o mundo a falar sobre o assunto.

A Senadora Cynthia Lummis foi mais além e propôs um programa para adicionar 200 mil bitcoins à reserva ao ano, até 1 milhão de Bitcoin. Só que isto está a criar uma enorme expectativa na comunidade, só que pode resultar numa enorme desilusão. Porque no primeiro ano, o Trump em vez de comprar os 200 mil, pode apenas adicionar na reserva, os 198 mil que o Estado já tem em sua posse. Se isto acontecer, possivelmente vai resultar numa forte queda a curto prazo. Na minha opinião os bancos centrais deveriam seguir o exemplo de El Salvador, fazer um DCA diário.

Mais que comprar bitcoin, para mim, o mais importante é a criação da Reserva, é colocar o Bitcoin ao mesmo nível do ouro, o impacto para o resto do mundo será tremendo, a teoria dos jogos na sua plenitude. Muitos outros bancos centrais vão ter que comprar, para não ficarem atrás, além disso, vai transmitir uma mensagem à generalidade da população, que o Bitcoin é “afinal é algo seguro, com valor”.

Mas não foi Trump que iniciou esta teoria dos jogos, mas sim foi a primeira vítima dela. É o próprio Trump que o admite, que os EUA necessitam da reserva para não ficar atrás da China. Além disso, desde que os EUA utilizaram o dólar como uma arma, com sanção contra a Rússia, surgiram boatos de que a Rússia estaria a utilizar o Bitcoin para transações internacionais. Que foram confirmados recentemente, pelo próprio governo russo. Também há poucos dias, ainda antes deste reconhecimento público, Putin elogiou o Bitcoin, ao reconhecer que “Ninguém pode proibir o bitcoin”, defendendo como uma alternativa ao dólar. A narrativa está a mudar.

Já existem alguns países com Bitcoin, mas apenas dois o fizeram conscientemente (El Salvador e Butão), os restantes têm devido a apreensões. Hoje são poucos, mas 2025 será o início de uma corrida pelos bancos centrais. Esta corrida era algo previsível, o que eu não esperava é que acontecesse tão rápido.

Empresas

A criação de reservas estratégicas não vai ficar apenas pelos bancos centrais, também vai acelerar fortemente nas empresas em 2025.

Mas as empresas não vão seguir a estratégia do Saylor, vão comprar bitcoin sem alavancagem, utilizando apenas os tesouros das empresas, como uma proteção contra a inflação. Eu não sou grande admirador do Saylor, prefiro muito mais, uma estratégia conservadora, sem qualquer alavancagem. Penso que as empresas vão seguir a sugestão da BlackRock, que aconselha um alocações de 1% a 3%.

Penso que 2025, ainda não será o ano da entrada das 6 magníficas (excepto Tesla), será sobretudo empresas de pequena e média dimensão. As magníficas ainda tem uma cota muito elevada de shareholders com alguma idade, bastante conservadores, que têm dificuldade em compreender o Bitcoin, foi o que aconteceu recentemente com a Microsoft.

Também ainda não será em 2025, talvez 2026, a inclusão nativamente de wallet Bitcoin nos sistema da Apple Pay e da Google Pay. Seria um passo gigante para a adoção a nível mundial.

ETFs

Os ETFs para mim são uma incógnita, tenho demasiadas dúvidas, como será 2025. Este ano os inflows foram superiores a 500 mil bitcoins, o IBIT foi o lançamento de ETF mais bem sucedido da história. O sucesso dos ETFs, deve-se a 2 situações que nunca mais se vão repetir. O mercado esteve 10 anos à espera pela aprovação dos ETFs, a procura estava reprimida, isso foi bem notório nos primeiros meses, os inflows foram brutais.

Também se beneficiou por ser um mercado novo, não existia orderbook de vendas, não existia um mercado interno, praticamente era só inflows. Agora o mercado já estabilizou, a maioria das transações já são entre clientes dos próprios ETFs. Agora só uma pequena percentagem do volume das transações diárias vai resultar em inflows ou outflows.

Estes dois fenómenos nunca mais se vão repetir, eu não acredito que o número de inflows em BTC supere os número de 2024, em dólares vai superar, mas em btc não acredito que vá superar.

Mas em 2025 vão surgir uma infindável quantidade de novos produtos, derivativos, novos ETFs de cestos com outras criptos ou cestos com ativos tradicionais. O bitcoin será adicionado em produtos financeiros já existentes no mercado, as pessoas vão passar a deter bitcoin, sem o saberem.

Com o fim da operação ChokePoint 2.0, vai surgir uma nova onda de adoção e de produtos financeiros. Possivelmente vamos ver bancos tradicionais a disponibilizar produtos ou serviços de custódia aos seus clientes.

Eu adoraria ver o crescimento da adoção do bitcoin como moeda, só que a regulamentação não vai ajudar nesse processo.

Preço

Eu acredito que o topo deste ciclo será alcançado no primeiro semestre, posteriormente haverá uma correção. Mas desta vez, eu acredito que a correção será muito menor que as anteriores, inferior a 50%, esta é a minha expectativa. Espero estar certo.

Stablecoins de dólar

Agora saindo um pouco do universo do Bitcoin, acho importante destacar as stablecoins.

No último ciclo, eu tenho dividido o tempo, entre continuar a estudar o Bitcoin e estudar o sistema financeiro, as suas dinâmicas e o comportamento humano. Isto tem sido o meu foco de reflexão, imaginar a transformação que o mundo vai sofrer devido ao padrão Bitcoin. É uma ilusão acreditar que a transição de um padrão FIAT para um padrão Bitcoin vai ser rápida, vai existir um processo transitório que pode demorar décadas.

Com a re-entrada de Trump na Casa Branca, prometendo uma política altamente protecionista, vai provocar uma forte valorização do dólar, consequentemente as restantes moedas do mundo vão derreter. Provocando uma inflação generalizada, gerando uma corrida às stablecoins de dólar nos países com moedas mais fracas. Trump vai ter uma política altamente expansionista, vai exportar dólares para todo o mundo, para financiar a sua própria dívida. A desigualdade entre os pobres e ricos irá crescer fortemente, aumentando a possibilidade de conflitos e revoltas.

“Casa onde não há pão, todos ralham e ninguém tem razão”

Será mais lenha, para alimentar a fogueira, vai gravar os conflitos geopolíticos já existentes, ficando as sociedade ainda mais polarizadas.

Eu acredito que 2025, vai haver um forte crescimento na adoção das stablecoins de dólares, esse forte crescimento vai agravar o problema sistémico que são as stablecoins. Vai ser o início do fim das stablecoins, pelo menos, como nós conhecemos hoje em dia.

Problema sistémico

O sistema FIAT não nasceu de um dia para outro, foi algo que foi construído organicamente, ou seja, foi evoluindo ao longo dos anos, sempre que havia um problema/crise, eram criadas novas regras ou novas instituições para minimizar os problemas. Nestes quase 100 anos, desde os acordos de Bretton Woods, a evolução foram tantas, tornaram o sistema financeiro altamente complexo, burocrático e nada eficiente.

Na prática é um castelo de cartas construído sobre outro castelo de cartas e que por sua vez, foi construído sobre outro castelo de cartas.

As stablecoins são um problema sistémico, devido às suas reservas em dólares e o sistema financeiro não está preparado para manter isso seguro. Com o crescimento das reservas ao longo dos anos, foi se agravando o problema.

No início a Tether colocava as reservas em bancos comerciais, mas com o crescimento dos dólares sob gestão, criou um problema nos bancos comerciais, devido à reserva fracionária. Essas enormes reservas da Tether estavam a colocar em risco a própria estabilidade dos bancos.

A Tether acabou por mudar de estratégia, optou por outros ativos, preferencialmente por títulos do tesouro/obrigações dos EUA. Só que a Tether continua a crescer e não dá sinais de abrandamento, pelo contrário.

Até o próprio mundo cripto, menosprezava a gravidade do problema da Tether/stablecoins para o resto do sistema financeiro, porque o marketcap do cripto ainda é muito pequeno. É verdade que ainda é pequeno, mas a Tether não o é, está no top 20 dos maiores detentores de títulos do tesouros dos EUA e está ao nível dos maiores bancos centrais do mundo. Devido ao seu tamanho, está a preocupar os responsáveis/autoridades/reguladores dos EUA, pode colocar em causa a estabilidade do sistema financeiro global, que está assente nessas obrigações.

Os títulos do tesouro dos EUA são o colateral mais utilizado no mundo, tanto por bancos centrais, como por empresas, é a charneira da estabilidade do sistema financeiro. Os títulos do tesouro são um assunto muito sensível. Na recente crise no Japão, do carry trade, o Banco Central do Japão tentou minimizar a desvalorização do iene através da venda de títulos dos EUA. Esta operação, obrigou a uma viagem de emergência, da Secretaria do Tesouro dos EUA, Janet Yellen ao Japão, onde disponibilizou liquidez para parar a venda de títulos por parte do Banco Central do Japão. Essa forte venda estava desestabilizando o mercado.

Os principais detentores de títulos do tesouros são institucionais, bancos centrais, bancos comerciais, fundo de investimento e gestoras, tudo administrado por gestores altamente qualificados, racionais e que conhecem a complexidade do mercado de obrigações.

O mundo cripto é seu oposto, é naife com muita irracionalidade e uma forte pitada de loucura, na sua maioria nem faz a mínima ideia como funciona o sistema financeiro. Essa irracionalidade pode levar a uma “corrida bancária”, como aconteceu com o UST da Luna, que em poucas horas colapsou o projeto. Em termos de escala, a Luna ainda era muito pequena, por isso, o problema ficou circunscrito ao mundo cripto e a empresas ligadas diretamente ao cripto.

Só que a Tether é muito diferente, caso exista algum FUD, que obrigue a Tether a desfazer-se de vários biliões ou dezenas de biliões de dólares em títulos num curto espaço de tempo, poderia provocar consequências terríveis em todo o sistema financeiro. A Tether é grande demais, é já um problema sistémico, que vai agravar-se com o crescimento em 2025.

Não tenham dúvidas, se existir algum problema, o Tesouro dos EUA vai impedir a venda dos títulos que a Tether tem em sua posse, para salvar o sistema financeiro. O problema é, o que vai fazer a Tether, se ficar sem acesso às venda das reservas, como fará o redeem dos dólares?

Como o crescimento do Tether é inevitável, o Tesouro e o FED estão com um grande problema em mãos, o que fazer com o Tether?

Mas o problema é que o atual sistema financeiro é como um curto cobertor: Quanto tapas a cabeça, destapas os pés; Ou quando tapas os pés, destapas a cabeça. Ou seja, para resolver o problema da guarda reservas da Tether, vai criar novos problemas, em outros locais do sistema financeiro e assim sucessivamente.

Conta mestre

Uma possível solução seria dar uma conta mestre à Tether, dando o acesso direto a uma conta no FED, semelhante à que todos os bancos comerciais têm. Com isto, a Tether deixaria de necessitar os títulos do tesouro, depositando o dinheiro diretamente no banco central. Só que isto iria criar dois novos problemas, com o Custodia Bank e com o restante sistema bancário.

O Custodia Bank luta há vários anos contra o FED, nos tribunais pelo direito a ter licença bancária para um banco com full-reserves. O FED recusou sempre esse direito, com a justificativa que esse banco, colocaria em risco toda a estabilidade do sistema bancário existente, ou seja, todos os outros bancos poderiam colapsar. Perante a existência em simultâneo de bancos com reserva fracionária e com full-reserves, as pessoas e empresas iriam optar pelo mais seguro. Isso iria provocar uma corrida bancária, levando ao colapso de todos os bancos com reserva fracionária, porque no Custodia Bank, os fundos dos clientes estão 100% garantidos, para qualquer valor. Deixaria de ser necessário limites de fundos de Garantia de Depósitos.

Eu concordo com o FED nesse ponto, que os bancos com full-reserves são uma ameaça a existência dos restantes bancos. O que eu discordo do FED, é a origem do problema, o problema não está nos bancos full-reserves, mas sim nos que têm reserva fracionária.

O FED ao conceder uma conta mestre ao Tether, abre um precedente, o Custodia Bank irá o aproveitar, reclamando pela igualdade de direitos nos tribunais e desta vez, possivelmente ganhará a sua licença.

Ainda há um segundo problema, com os restantes bancos comerciais. A Tether passaria a ter direitos similares aos bancos comerciais, mas os deveres seriam muito diferentes. Isto levaria os bancos comerciais aos tribunais para exigir igualdade de tratamento, é uma concorrência desleal. Isto é o bom dos tribunais dos EUA, são independentes e funcionam, mesmo contra o estado. Os bancos comerciais têm custos exorbitantes devido às políticas de compliance, como o KYC e AML. Como o governo não vai querer aliviar as regras, logo seria a Tether, a ser obrigada a fazer o compliance dos seus clientes.

A obrigação do KYC para ter stablecoins iriam provocar um terramoto no mundo cripto.

Assim, é pouco provável que seja a solução para a Tether.

FED

Só resta uma hipótese, ser o próprio FED a controlar e a gerir diretamente as stablecoins de dólar, nacionalizado ou absorvendo as existentes. Seria uma espécie de CBDC. Isto iria provocar um novo problema, um problema diplomático, porque as stablecoins estão a colocar em causa a soberania monetária dos outros países. Atualmente as stablecoins estão um pouco protegidas porque vivem num limbo jurídico, mas a partir do momento que estas são controladas pelo governo americano, tudo muda. Os países vão exigir às autoridades americanas medidas que limitem o uso nos seus respectivos países.

Não existe uma solução boa, o sistema FIAT é um castelo de cartas, qualquer carta que se mova, vai provocar um desmoronamento noutro local. As autoridades não poderão adiar mais o problema, terão que o resolver de vez, senão, qualquer dia será tarde demais. Se houver algum problema, vão colocar a responsabilidade no cripto e no Bitcoin. Mas a verdade, a culpa é inteiramente dos políticos, da sua incompetência em resolver os problemas a tempo.

Será algo para acompanhar futuramente, mas só para 2026, talvez…

É curioso, há uns anos pensava-se que o Bitcoin seria a maior ameaça ao sistema ao FIAT, mas afinal, a maior ameaça aos sistema FIAT é o próprio FIAT(stablecoins). A ironia do destino.

Isto é como uma corrida, o Bitcoin é aquele atleta que corre ao seu ritmo, umas vezes mais rápido, outras vezes mais lento, mas nunca pára. O FIAT é o atleta que dá tudo desde da partida, corre sempre em velocidade máxima. Só que a vida e o sistema financeiro não é uma prova de 100 metros, mas sim uma maratona.

Europa

2025 será um ano desafiante para todos europeus, sobretudo devido à entrada em vigor da regulamentação (MiCA). Vão começar a sentir na pele a regulamentação, vão agravar-se os problemas com os compliance, problemas para comprovar a origem de fundos e outras burocracias. Vai ser lindo.

O Travel Route passa a ser obrigatório, os europeus serão obrigados a fazer o KYC nas transações. A Travel Route é uma suposta lei para criar mais transparência, mas prática, é uma lei de controle, de monitorização e para limitar as liberdades individuais dos cidadãos.

O MiCA também está a colocar problemas nas stablecoins de Euro, a Tether para já preferiu ficar de fora da europa. O mais ridículo é que as novas regras obrigam os emissores a colocar 30% das reservas em bancos comerciais. Os burocratas europeus não compreendem que isto coloca em risco a estabilidade e a solvência dos próprios bancos, ficam propensos a corridas bancárias.

O MiCA vai obrigar a todas as exchanges a estar registadas em solo europeu, ficando vulnerável ao temperamento dos burocratas. Ainda não vai ser em 2025, mas a UE vai impor políticas de controle de capitais, é inevitável, as exchanges serão obrigadas a usar em exclusividade stablecoins de euro, as restantes stablecoins serão deslistadas.

Todas estas novas regras do MiCA, são extremamente restritas, não é para garantir mais segurança aos cidadãos europeus, mas sim para garantir mais controle sobre a população. A UE está cada vez mais perto da autocracia, do que da democracia. A minha única esperança no horizonte, é que o sucesso das políticas cripto nos EUA, vai obrigar a UE a recuar e a aligeirar as regras, a teoria dos jogos é implacável. Mas esse recuo, nunca acontecerá em 2025, vai ser um longo período conturbado.

Recessão

Os mercados estão todos em máximos históricos, isto não é sustentável por muito tempo, suspeito que no final de 2025 vai acontecer alguma correção nos mercados. A queda só não será maior, porque os bancos centrais vão imprimir dinheiro, muito dinheiro, como se não houvesse amanhã. Vão voltar a resolver os problemas com a injeção de liquidez na economia, é empurrar os problemas com a barriga, em de os resolver. Outra vez o efeito Cantillon.

Será um ano muito desafiante a nível político, onde o papel dos políticos será fundamental. A crise política na França e na Alemanha, coloca a UE órfã, sem um comandante ao leme do navio. 2025 estará condicionado pelas eleições na Alemanha, sobretudo no resultado do AfD, que podem colocar em causa a propriedade UE e o euro.

Possivelmente, só o fim da guerra poderia minimizar a crise, algo que é muito pouco provável acontecer.

Em Portugal, a economia parece que está mais ou menos equilibrada, mas começam a aparecer alguns sinais preocupantes. Os jogos de sorte e azar estão em máximos históricos, batendo o recorde de 2014, época da grande crise, não é um bom sinal, possivelmente já existe algum desespero no ar.

A Alemanha é o motor da Europa, quanto espirra, Portugal constipa-se. Além do problema da Alemanha, a Espanha também está à beira de uma crise, são os países que mais influenciam a economia portuguesa.

Se existir uma recessão mundial, terá um forte impacto no turismo, que é hoje em dia o principal motor de Portugal.

Brasil

Brasil é algo para acompanhar em 2025, sobretudo a nível macro e a nível político. Existe uma possibilidade de uma profunda crise no Brasil, sobretudo na sua moeda. O banco central já anda a queimar as reservas para minimizar a desvalorização do Real.

Sem mudanças profundas nas políticas fiscais, as reservas vão se esgotar. As políticas de controle de capitais são um cenário plausível, será interesse de acompanhar, como o governo irá proceder perante a existência do Bitcoin e stablecoins. No Brasil existe um forte adoção, será um bom case study, certamente irá repetir-se em outros países num futuro próximo.

Os próximos tempos não serão fáceis para os brasileiros, especialmente para os que não têm Bitcoin.

Blockchain

Em 2025, possivelmente vamos ver os primeiros passos da BlackRock para criar a primeira bolsa de valores, exclusivamente em blockchain. Eu acredito que a BlackRock vai criar uma própria blockchain, toda controlada por si, onde estarão os RWAs, para fazer concorrência às tradicionais bolsas de valores. Será algo interessante de acompanhar.

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Estas são as minhas previsões, eu escrevi isto muito em cima do joelho, certamente esqueci-me de algumas coisas, se for importante acrescentarei nos comentários. A maioria das previsões só acontecerá após 2025, mas fica aqui a minha opinião.

Isto é apenas a minha opinião, Don’t Trust, Verify!

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Introduction Once dismissed as a speculative gamble, cryptocurrency is steadily transforming into a powerful tool for financial inclusion—and nowhere is this shift more pronounced than in Africa. Across the continent, digital currencies are not merely investment vehicles; they’re practical responses to real-world challenges. Faced with high inflation, weak national currencies, limited banking infrastructure, and an increasingly digital youth, African communities are leveraging crypto to build a new financial future one that’s decentralized, accessible, and uniquely tailored to local needs.

From the bustling markets of Lagos to the tech hubs of Nairobi and Cape Town, crypto is being embraced not out of trendiness, but necessity. Africa, often overlooked in the global financial narrative, is rapidly becoming a testbed for what the future of digital finance could and arguably should look like.

The driving forces behind Africa’s Crypto Boom

1. Financial inclusion In sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 60% of adults remain unbanked, largely due to the lack of accessible banking infrastructure in rural and underserved areas. Traditional banks often require documentation, minimum deposits, and credit histories requirements many Africans cannot meet. Enter cryptocurrency: decentralized, borderless, and open to anyone with a smartphone and internet connection.

Mobile friendly wallets and crypto platforms allow users to send, receive, and store funds without needing a traditional bank account. Stablecoins like USDT and USDC have proven especially valuable, offering a digital currency option pegged to the US dollar, shielding users from local currency volatility while providing global usability.

2. Remittances made easy Africa is one of the most expensive regions in the world for receiving remittances. On average, sending money to sub-Saharan Africa costs about 7–9% in fees well above the global average. Cryptocurrencies slash these costs significantly and complete transactions within minutes, not days.

Nigerians, for example, received over \$19 billion in remittances in recent years. With crypto, users can bypass traditional intermediaries like Western Union or MoneyGram and directly receive funds in digital wallets, which can then be converted to local currency or used for online purchases. This is especially impactful in rural areas where financial services are sparse.

3. A hedge against inflation In countries like Zimbabwe, Nigeria, and Sudan, inflation and currency depreciation have eroded trust in local fiat money. In these environments, digital assets have emerged as safe havens. Bitcoin, often dubbed “digital gold,” and stablecoins are increasingly being used as stores of value and mediums of exchange.

Rather than hoarding cash that loses value by the day, individuals are turning to crypto to preserve their savings. In Nigeria, for example, peer-to-peer (P2P) trading volumes have soared, driven by economic instability and foreign exchange restrictions that limit access to USD.

4. Youth-led tech adoption Africa has the world’s youngest population—with over 70% under the age of 30. This generation is digitally native, entrepreneurial, and eager to tap into global economic systems. They’re embracing crypto for side gigs, freelance jobs, digital trading, and e-commerce—all of which benefit from borderless, fast, and low-cost payments.

Platforms like Binance, Luno, and Paxful are popular among young Africans not only for trading but for learning. Many youths are also creating local crypto content, starting communities, and building tools that address uniquely African use cases, such as microtransactions, decentralized savings groups, and cross-border agriculture financing.

Real-World use cases

• Kenya’s M-Pesa Meets Blockchain: M-Pesa revolutionized mobile money in East Africa. Now, blockchain integrations are taking that revolution a step further. By connecting M-Pesa wallets to crypto platforms, users can seamlessly convert between fiat and crypto, enabling cross-border remittances, savings, and payments—all from a basic mobile phone.

• Crypto Startups on the Rise: African entrepreneurs are not waiting for solutions from the West. Startups like Yellow Card in Nigeria are providing easy access to crypto in multiple local currencies. VALR in South Africa is offering a full-fledged crypto trading experience with high liquidity and compliance. Bundle Africa, BuyCoins, and others are focusing on remittance, bill payments, and savings all powered by crypto.

• Education & empowerment: Crypto literacy is spreading fast thanks to targeted education campaigns. Binance Academy Africa and Paxful have launched bootcamps, online courses, and community outreach efforts. These programs are essential in combating misinformation and scams while building a knowledgeable user base that can leverage crypto safely and effectively.

Challenges and the road ahead Despite its momentum, crypto adoption in Africa is not without its challenges. Regulatory uncertainty remains a significant barrier. In some countries, authorities have imposed bans or strict limitations, citing concerns over money laundering, fraud, and capital flight. In others, frameworks are still evolving, leaving businesses and users in a legal gray area.

Internet penetration, while growing, is still inconsistent, particularly in rural areas. This digital divide hampers access to wallets and exchanges. Moreover, the space is vulnerable to scams and pyramid schemes that prey on uninformed users highlighting the urgent need for education and safeguards.

Yet progress is being made. South Africa now regulates crypto as a financial product, bringing oversight and legitimacy to the space. Nigeria launched the eNaira, Africa’s first central bank digital currency (CBDC), aiming to modernize the financial system while retaining regulatory control. Other governments are exploring blockchain’s potential for public services, from land title registries to national ID systems and supply chain tracking.

Conclusion Africa is not just adopting cryptocurrency—it’s redefining its purpose. Here, crypto isn’t about speculative trading or get-rich-quick schemes. It’s about solving deep rooted problems with bold, decentralized solutions. In a continent long underserved by global financial institutions, blockchain technology is offering a fresh path forward one driven by innovation, inclusivity, and grassroots energy.

As global interest in digital assets continues to grow, Africa’s crypto movement offers powerful lessons. It shows how technology, when embraced by necessity and tailored to real world problems, can spark lasting change. Far from the margins, Africa is helping shape the blueprint for a future where digital finance is open, resilient, and truly global.

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Since its creation, Bitcoin has been seen both as a financial innovation and as a threat to governmental control over the economy. As a decentralized currency, Bitcoin operates outside the traditional financial system, challenging the authority of central banks and governments that regulate the issuance and circulation of money. This feature has led to various conflicts between governments and the growing adoption of Bitcoin by individuals and companies.

• Reasons for government opposition

01 - Loss of monetary control: Governments manage the economy through the issuance of fiat currency and the setting of monetary policies. Since Bitcoin has a fixed supply and cannot be manipulated, it reduces governmental influence over the economy.

02 - Difficulty in taxation and oversight: Bitcoin’s decentralized nature complicates tax collection and transaction tracking, making it harder for governments to ensure tax compliance.

03 - Competition with Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs): Many countries are developing central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), which offer greater control over financial transactions. Bitcoin represents a decentralized alternative, potentially threatening the adoption of these state-issued currencies.

04 - Concerns about financial crime: Some governments argue that Bitcoin can be used for money laundering and illicit financing, despite being more traceable than physical cash due to the transparency of the blockchain or timechain.

• Examples of conflicts between governments and Bitcoin

01 - El Salvador: In 2021, it became the first country to make Bitcoin legal tender. This decision drew negative reactions from international financial institutions, such as the IMF, which warned of economic risks and attempted to pressure the country into reversing its decision.

02 - China: In 2021, China banned Bitcoin mining and usage, citing environmental concerns and financial risks. Despite the ban, many Chinese users continue to use Bitcoin in a decentralized manner.

03 - United States: While Bitcoin is legal in the U.S., the government has increased regulation on exchanges and miners, seeking greater control over the network.

04 - European Union: The EU has imposed strict regulations on Bitcoin, such as identification requirements for transactions, but has not banned its use.

• The future of Bitcoin adoption

Despite resistance from some governments, Bitcoin continues to be adopted by individuals and businesses as a secure financial alternative. In countries with unstable economies, Bitcoin has become a vital tool for protecting wealth against inflation and banking restrictions.

Government efforts to control Bitcoin may slow adoption in some regions, but they will not stop its global growth. As a decentralized network, Bitcoin cannot be fully banned, and its utility as a store of value and medium of exchange will continue to attract users worldwide.

In summary, the conflicts between governments and Bitcoin adoption reflect the clash between a centralized financial system and a decentralized technology that returns control of money to individuals. Although some governments attempt to restrict its use, Bitcoin continues to grow and prove its resilience, becoming an increasingly viable option for those seeking financial freedom.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!