@ ae1008d2:a166d760

This is part one in a series of long-form content of my ideas as to what we are entering into in my opinion;*The Roaring '20's 2.0* (working title). I hope you'll join me on this journey together. "*History does not repeat itself, but it often rhymes*"; - Samuel Clemens, aka Mark Twain. My only class I received an A+ in high school was history, this opened up the opportunity for me to enroll in an AP (college level) history class my senior year. There was an inherent nature for me to study history. Another quote I found to live by; "If we do not study history, we are bound to repeat it", a paraphrased quote by the many great philosphers of old from Edmund Burke, George Santayana and even Winston Churchill, all pulling from the same King Solomon quote; "What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun". My curiousity of human actions, psychological and therefore economical behavior, has benefitted me greatly throughout my life and career, at such a young age. Being able to 'see around the curves' ahead I thought was a gift many had, but was sorely mistaken. People are just built different. One, if not my hardest action for me is to share. I just do things; act, often without even thinking about writing down or sharing in anyway shape or form what I just did here with friends, what we just built or how we formed these startups, etc., I've finally made the time, mainly for myself, to share my thoughts and ideas as to where we are at, and what we can do moving forward. It's very easy for us living a sovereign-lifestyle in Bitcoin, Nostr and other P2P, cryptographically-signed sovereign tools and tech-stacks alike, permissionless and self-hostable, to take all these tools for granted. We just live with them. Use them everyday. Do you own property? Do you have to take care of the cattle everyday? To live a sovereign life is tough, but most rewarding. As mentioned above, I'm diving into the details in a several part series as to what the roaring '20's were about, how it got to the point it did, and the inevitable outcome we all know what came to be. How does this possibly repeat itself almost exactly a century later? How does Bitcoin play a role? Are we all really going to be replaced by AI robots (again, history rhymes here)? Time will tell, but I think most of us actually using the tools will also forsee many of these possible outcomes, as it's why we are using many of these tools today. The next parts of this series will be released periodically, maybe once per month, maybe once per quarter. I'll also be releasing these on other platforms like Medium for reach, but Nostr will always be first, most important and prioritized. I'll leave you with one of my favorite quotes I've lived by from one of the greatest traders of all time, especially during this roaring '20's era, Jesse Livermore; "Money is made by sitting, not trading".

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

# Markdown: Syntax * [Overview](#overview) * [Philosophy](#philosophy) * [Inline HTML](#html) * [Automatic Escaping for Special Characters](#autoescape) * [Block Elements](#block) * [Paragraphs and Line Breaks](#p) * [Headers](#header) * [Blockquotes](#blockquote) * [Lists](#list) * [Code Blocks](#precode) * [Horizontal Rules](#hr) * [Span Elements](#span) * [Links](#link) * [Emphasis](#em) * [Code](#code) * [Images](#img) * [Miscellaneous](#misc) * [Backslash Escapes](#backslash) * [Automatic Links](#autolink) **Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL](/projects/markdown/syntax.text). ---- ## Overview ### Philosophy Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible. Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters -- including [Setext](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html), [atx](http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/), [Textile](http://textism.com/tools/textile/), [reStructuredText](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html), [Grutatext](http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html), and [EtText](http://ettext.taint.org/doc/) -- the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email. ## Block Elements ### Paragraphs and Line Breaks A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be indented with spaces or tabs. The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break character in a paragraph into a `<br />` tag. When you *do* want to insert a `<br />` break tag using Markdown, you end a line with two or more spaces, then type return. ### Headers Markdown supports two styles of headers, [Setext] [1] and [atx] [2]. Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes determines the header level.) ### Blockquotes Markdown uses email-style `>` characters for blockquoting. If you're familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard wrap the text and put a `>` before every line: > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, > consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. > Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. > > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse > id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the `>` before the first line of a hard-wrapped paragraph: > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by adding additional levels of `>`: > This is the first level of quoting. > > > This is nested blockquote. > > Back to the first level. Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists, and code blocks: > ## This is a header. > > 1. This is the first list item. > 2. This is the second list item. > > Here's some example code: > > return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script"); Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase Quote Level from the Text menu. ### Lists Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists. Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably -- as list markers: * Red * Green * Blue is equivalent to: + Red + Green + Blue and: - Red - Green - Blue Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods: 1. Bird 2. McHale 3. Parish It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML Markdown produces from the above list is: If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this: 1. Bird 1. McHale 1. Parish or even: 3. Bird 1. McHale 8. Parish you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to, you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to. To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces or one tab: 1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. 2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy: * This is a list item with two paragraphs. This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. * Another item in the same list. To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>` delimiters need to be indented: * A list item with a blockquote: > This is a blockquote > inside a list item. To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be indented *twice* -- 8 spaces or two tabs: * A list item with a code block: <code goes here> ### Code Blocks Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block in both `<pre>` and `<code>` tags. To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. This is a normal paragraph: This is a code block. Here is an example of AppleScript: tell application "Foo" beep end tell A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented (or the end of the article). Within a code block, ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` and `>`) are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this: <div class="footer"> &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation </div> Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g., asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax. ``` tell application "Foo" beep end tell ``` ## Span Elements ### Links Markdown supports two style of links: *inline* and *reference*. In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets]. To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses, put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an *optional* title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example: This is [an example](http://example.com/) inline link. [This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute. ### Emphasis Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an HTML `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML `<strong>` tag. E.g., this input: *single asterisks* _single underscores_ **double asterisks** __double underscores__ ### Code To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`` ` ``). Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a normal paragraph. For example: Use the `printf()` function.

@ 0edc2f47:730cff1b

## Chef's notes This started as a spontaneous kitchen experiment—an amalgamation of recipes from old cookbooks and online finds. My younger daughter wanted to surprise her sister with something quick but fancy ("It's a vibe, Mom."), and this is what we came up with. It’s quickly established itself as a go-to favorite: simple, rich, and deeply satisfying. It serves 4 (or 1, depending on the day; I am not here to judge). Tightly wrapped, it will keep up to 3 days in the fridge, but I bet it won't last that long! ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 10 min - 🍳 Cook time: 0 min ## Ingredients - 1 cup (240mL) heavy whipping cream - 1/4 cup (24g) cocoa powder - 5 tbsp (38g) Confectioners (powdered) sugar - 1/4 tsp (1.25mL) vanilla extract (optional) - Flaky sea salt (optional, but excellent) ## Directions 1. 1. Whip the cream until frothy. 2. 2. Sift in cocoa and sugar, fold or gently mix (add vanilla if using). 3. 3. Whip to medium peaks (or stiff peaks, if that's more your thing). Chill and serve (topped with a touch of sea salt if you’re feeling fancy).

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

@ 812cff5a:5c40aeeb

## مقدمة في عالم اليوم الرقمي، تبرز منصات جديدة تهدف إلى تعزيز تجربة القراءة والتواصل بين محبي الكتب. تُعَدُّ Bookstr.xyz واحدة من هذه المنصات المبتكرة التي تسعى لربط القرّاء عبر شبكة Nostr، مما يمنحهم سيادة كاملة على بياناتهم ويتيح لهم بناء علاقات جديدة مع محبي الكتب الآخرين.  ## الميزات الرئيسية لموقع Bookstr - التحكم الكامل بالبيانات: توفر Bookstr.xyz للمستخدمين القدرة على التحكم الكامل في بياناتهم الشخصية، مما يضمن خصوصية وأمان المعلومات. - التكامل مع Open Library: تستخدم المنصة واجهة برمجة التطبيقات الخاصة بـ Open Library للحصول على معلومات شاملة حول الكتب، مما يتيح للمستخدمين الوصول إلى مجموعة واسعة من البيانات الموثوقة. - التواصل الاجتماعي: من خلال شبكة Nostr، يمكن للمستخدمين التواصل مع قرّاء آخرين، تبادل التوصيات، ومناقشة الكتب المفضلة لديهم.  ## ما الذي يجعلها فريدة؟ تتميز Bookstr.xyz بدمجها بين مزايا الشبكات الاجتماعية ومصادر بيانات الكتب المفتوحة، مما يخلق بيئة تفاعلية وغنية بالمعلومات لمحبي القراءة. استخدامها لشبكة Nostr يمنح المستخدمين حرية أكبر في التحكم بتجربتهم الرقمية مقارنة بالمنصات التقليدية.  ## جرب Bookstr تُعَدُّ Bookstr.xyz إضافة قيمة لعالم القراءة الرقمي، حيث تجمع بين مزايا الشبكات الاجتماعية ومصادر البيانات المفتوحة، مع التركيز على خصوصية المستخدم والتحكم في البيانات. إذا كنت من عشاق الكتب وتبحث عن منصة تفاعلية وآمنة، فقد تكون Bookstr.xyz الخيار المثالي لك. ### شاركوا كتبكم المفضلة!!

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

## Dutton Proposes Easing Home Loan Regulations ### Summary: Opposition Leader Peter Dutton plans to challenge the Albanese government by proposing changes to lending rules aimed at making it easier for first-time home buyers to access loans. The proposed adjustments include reducing serviceability buffers and addressing the treatment of HELP debt to improve housing access. Dutton argues that current regulations create a bias favoring inherited wealth, making it difficult for new buyers to enter the housing market. These proposals come as the Reserve Bank of Australia prepares for its upcoming interest rate decision, with the current cash rate target at 4.1% and predictions of a cut in May. Treasurer Jim Chalmers highlights the government's progress, noting falling inflation, rising real wages, and improving economic growth. Sources: [News.com.au - 1 April 2025](https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/rba-meets-as-liberals-unveil-help-for-first-home-buyers/news-story/beb22674ff02e2589d1c1ea95ba7cbe5), [The Australian - 1 April 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/election-2025-peter-duttons-bid-to-be-the-new-home-loan-ranger/news-story/733f61adfb16b69e2de97b969afd6c10) ## Australia's Housing Market Hits New Record High ### Summary: Australia's property prices reached a new peak in March, following a rate cut that enhanced buyer optimism. CoreLogic reported a 0.4% monthly increase, bringing the average national property price to A$820,331. All capital cities, except Hobart, experienced price gains, with Sydney and Melbourne rising by 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. The rate cut slightly improved borrowing capacity and mortgage serviceability. However, the sustainability of this upward trend is uncertain due to persistent affordability issues. While the market rebounded with the February rate cut by the Reserve Bank of Australia, significant improvements in home loan serviceability are necessary for substantial market growth. Source: [Reuters - 1 April 2025](https://www.reuters.com/markets/australia-home-prices-hit-new-record-march-after-rate-cut-corelogic-data-shows-2025-03-31/) ## AI Revolutionizes Business Operations ### Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming business practices globally, with applications ranging from administrative task automation to strategic decision-making enhancements. Companies are increasingly integrating AI to streamline operations and gain competitive advantages. This shift necessitates a focus on ethical AI deployment and workforce upskilling to address potential job displacement. Sources: [Financial Times - April 1, 2025](https://www.ft.com/content/2164dc87-f366-48b9-afda-89571a2f4110) ## Criticism of Bureau of Meteorology's Forecasting Capabilities ### Summary: The Bureau of Meteorology is facing criticism for inadequate weather radar coverage in western Queensland, which has led to unreliable forecasting during the recent floods. Federal Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has pledged $10 million for a new radar system to enhance forecasting accuracy, while local officials emphasize the need for improved infrastructure to better prepare for future natural disasters. Sources: [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/flood-warnings-to-remain-in-queensland-for-months-as-local-mayor-slams-anthony-albanese-for-lack-of-support/news-story/30ae06366e08eb3119116db7a5032541) ## Coalition Pledges $10 Million for Western Queensland Weather Radar ### Summary: As part of the federal election campaign, Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has promised $10 million for a new weather radar system in flood-affected western Queensland. This initiative aims to improve weather forecasting and preparedness in the region. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has pledged $200 million for an upgrade to the St John of God Midland hospital in Perth, emphasizing healthcare improvements. Both leaders are focusing on key regional investments as the election approaches. Source: [The Guardian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2025/mar/31/election-2025-live-updates-labor-coalition-anthony-albanese-peter-dutton-cost-of-living-nuclear-power-supermarkets-healthcare-ntwnfb) ## Emergency Services Conduct Rescues Amid Queensland Floods ### Summary: Emergency services in Queensland have conducted over 40 rescues as floodwaters continue to rise, submerging communities and causing extensive damage. Efforts are focused on delivering essential supplies, evacuating residents, and ensuring the safety of those affected by the severe weather conditions. Sources: [The Courier-Mail - April 1, 2025](https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/weather/qld-weather-outback-flooding-to-persist-for-days-if-not-weeks/news-story/2efc920a2a222f2c3156a9c3612e9b2a) ## Six Key Crises Facing Australia Before the Election ### Summary: As the election nears, voters remain largely unaware of six looming crises that could significantly impact the nation. These include over-reliance on volatile commodity exports, challenges in renewable energy implementation, potential currency depreciation, and reduced foreign investment. Both major parties have focused on immediate cost-of-living relief, overshadowing these critical issues that demand urgent attention. Sources: [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/huge-deficit-is-one-of-six-crisis-points-to-know-before-you-vote-in-2025-election/news-story/a4ed4a4cff19e4d574e8ec077f70a291) ## Debate Intensifies Over Australia's Commitment to AUKUS ### Summary: Former Defence Department Secretary Dennis Richardson has urged Australia to persist with the AUKUS submarine agreement despite concerns about the reliability of the U.S. under President Donald Trump. Richardson warns that abandoning the deal now would undermine decades of defense planning. However, critics, including former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, question the feasibility and advisability of the agreement, suggesting alternatives such as partnering with France for submarine development. Sources: [The Guardian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/31/dennis-richardson-australia-aukus-submarine-deal-us-former-defence-chief), [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/defence/former-defence-boss-accuses-malcolm-turnbull-of-undermining-aukus/news-story/eeb5cc35bbb86485bca1fb0eab94efad) ## China Delays $23B Sale of Panama Canal Ports to US-Backed Consortium ### Summary: China has postponed the $23 billion sale of 43 global ports, including critical facilities at both ends of the Panama Canal, to a consortium led by US investment firm BlackRock. The delay follows an investigation by China’s State Administration for Market Regulation into potential anti-monopoly law violations. This unexpected move has heightened tensions between China and the US, as President Trump viewed the sale as a strategic victory in the ongoing power struggle between the two nations. The deal's future remains uncertain, causing political and economic ripples amid China's significant annual "two sessions" gathering. Sources: [New York Post - March 31, 2025](https://nypost.com/2025/03/31/business/china-blocks-23b-sale-of-panama-canal-ports-to-blackrock/) ## Australian Government's Handling of Suspected Chinese Spy Ship Raises Concerns ### Summary: The Australian government has assigned the monitoring of the suspected Chinese spy ship, Tan Suo Yi Hao, to the Australian Border Force, despite Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's assertion that the Australian Defence Force was managing the situation. Security experts believe the vessel is collecting undersea data for future Chinese submarine operations, highlighting national security concerns during an election period. The handling of this issue has led to criticism and confusion over which agency is in charge, with opposition figures condemning the government's lack of detailed information. Sources: [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/defence/china-spy-ship-has-labor-all-at-sea/news-story/ce46db700a5539daa987ab8c6ab3cb56) ## Concerns Rise Over Schoolchildren Accessing Weight Loss Drugs ### Summary: Health experts are alarmed by reports of Australian schoolchildren accessing weight loss medications like semaglutide (Ozempic) through various means, including online purchases and taking them from home supplies. These substances are being linked to secretive and harmful diet clubs within schools, posing severe health risks such as potentially fatal overdoses. Advocates emphasize the need for stricter regulation of weight loss products and call for mandatory education programs on eating disorders in schools to address the growing issue. Sources: [The Courier-Mail - 1 April 2025](https://www.couriermail.com.au/health/qld-kids-in-deadly-schoolyard-ozempic-diet-clubs/news-story/26463341740be4759df3758eec969225) ## Recycling Plant Explosion Highlights Dangers of Improper Aerosol Disposal ### Summary: A Victorian company has been fined $35,000 after an explosion at its recycling plant injured six workers. The incident occurred when pressurized aerosol cans were improperly shredded, causing flames to spread up to 18 meters. Investigations revealed that the company failed to implement safety procedures such as emptying or puncturing the cans before shredding and ensuring adequate ventilation. This case underscores the critical importance of adhering to safety protocols when handling hazardous materials. Sources: [Herald Sun - 1 April 2025](https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/goulburn-valley/rose-and-co-services-fined-after-explosion-injures-six-workers/news-story/bd530692718294843d6fae067bce66ff) ## Australia Enforces New Tobacco Controls from April 1 ### Summary: As of April 1, 2025, Australia has implemented stringent tobacco control measures, including health warnings printed directly on individual cigarettes. These warnings feature phrases such as "CAUSES 16 CANCERS" and "DAMAGES YOUR LUNGS." Additionally, new graphic warnings on cigarette packs and health promotion inserts aim to encourage smoking cessation and raise awareness about the dangers of tobacco use. Sources: [Mirage News - April 1, 2025](https://www.miragenews.com/australia-enforces-new-tobacco-controls-from-1435865/), [9News - April 1, 2025](https://www.9news.com.au/national/health-new-cigarette-warning-in-australia/2c5a5253-eb02-4279-8275-4056dc3f4e76) ## OPEC+ Increases Oil Production Amid Global Uncertainties ### Summary: OPEC+ has announced the gradual unwinding of voluntary production cuts starting April 1, 2025, aiming to restore 2.2 million barrels per day of output by September 2026. Despite this increase, factors such as tighter U.S. sanctions on Iran and Russia, potential sanctions on Venezuelan oil buyers, and fears of a tariff-induced recession have sustained oil prices. Analysts predict limited downside risks to oil prices due to significant supply threats, mainly from Iran and Venezuela. While some strength in oil prices is expected during the summer, concerns over tariff-induced demand weakness persist. Sources: [MarketWatch - April 1, 2025](https://www.marketwatch.com/story/opec-is-boosting-output-in-april-heres-what-that-could-mean-for-oil-prices-940b854b) ## Iconic Australian Locations Declared 'No Go Zones' ### Summary: Several iconic Australian locations, including Uluru, Kakadu National Park, Cape York Peninsula, and others, are increasingly being declared "no go zones" due to cultural, environmental, and safety concerns. These measures aim to preserve the cultural significance and environmental integrity of these landmarks and ensure public safety. While traditional owners and local authorities support these restrictions to protect cultural heritage, debates have arisen over tourists' rights and the impact on local tourism industries. Sources: [News.com.au - April 1, 2025](https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/warnings/aussie-tourist-destinations-turned-into-no-go-zones/news-story/30d4c803d7cb1e33ef0c50ed72b603b4) ## The Joe Rogan Experience #2297: Francis Foster & Konstantin Kisin ### Summary: In episode #2297 of *The Joe Rogan Experience*, Joe Rogan welcomes comedians and commentators Francis Foster and Konstantin Kisin, hosts of the podcast *Triggernometry*. The episode delivers a wide-ranging conversation covering free speech, comedy, media narratives, and societal tensions in the modern world. **Interesting Discussions and Insights:** - **The State of Comedy:**\ The trio discusses how comedy has changed in recent years, especially under the weight of cancel culture. They explore how comedians are navigating cultural sensitivities while still trying to push boundaries and remain authentic. - **Free Speech and Censorship:**\ Konstantin and Francis share their experiences with censorship and self-censorship, emphasizing the risks of suppressing ideas, even if they’re controversial. They advocate for robust debate as a cornerstone of democracy. - **Migration and Identity Politics:**\ The conversation touches on immigration policies in the UK and broader Western world, discussing how political correctness often silences real concerns. Both guests, with immigrant backgrounds, offer nuanced perspectives on national identity and inclusion. - **Media and Narrative Control:**\ Joe, Francis, and Konstantin dive into how media outlets often frame stories with ideological slants, and the dangers of relying on one-sided narratives in forming public opinion. - **Creating *Triggernometry*:**\ The guests talk about why they launched their podcast — to have honest, open conversations with a wide range of thinkers, especially those often excluded from mainstream platforms. **Key Takeaways:** - Honest conversation is essential for a healthy society, even when it's uncomfortable. - Comedy still holds power to critique society but faces mounting challenges from cultural pressures. - Free speech should be defended not just in principle, but in everyday life and dialogue. - The media landscape is increasingly polarized, and critical thinking is more important than ever. Source: [The Joe Rogan Experience #2297 - Spotify](https://open.spotify.com/episode/5hSnCuPPWsDzq2z8pBWYzD)

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

You might see these terms used interchangeably throughout the Nostr network. Since Nostr is a decentralized protocol and not a platform, there is often a lack of consensus around particular terminologies. At times, it's important to differentiate between them, so that you can determine what is being stated. In the truest sense, there is no central entity to maintain a Nostr 'account' on your behalf, though some Nostr-based platforms may offer to do so. There's also no one to verify your 'identity'. This is something that you create, maintain and control. It is 100% yours. In a sense, you verify yourself through your interactions with others, with the network of clients and relays, and by protecting your nsec (secret key). A profile is generally considered to be a single place for displaying your content and any information about yourself that you've chosen to share, but its a little more complicated than that with Nostr. Let's take a closer look at all 3 terms: ### Identity: Your Nostr identity becomes yours from the moment you generate your key pair. The two parts each provide unique perspective and functionality. (Remember, there is no central entity to issue these key pairs. You can screw up and start over. You can maintain multiple key pairs for different purposes. If all of this is new and unfamiliar, start simply with the intention of trial and error.) Half of the equation is your nsec. As long as you maintain control of that secret key, the identity is yours. You will use it to sign the notes and events that you create on Nostr. You will use it to access functionality of various tools and apps. You can use it to send monetary tips for content you find valuable. The reputation that you build through posting & interacting on Nostr will signal to others what type of person or profile this is, whether it's a genuine person, a bot (good or bad), a collection of works, etc. You might come across information that compares your nsec to a password. While a fair comparison, its important to remember that passwords can be reset, but your private key CANNOT. Lost access or control of your nsec means a loss of control over that identity. When you have decided to establish a more permanent identity, write it down, keep it safe, and use the appropriate security tools for interacting online. The other half of this equation is your npub. This public key is used to find and display your notes and events to others. In short, your npub is how your identity is viewed by others and your nsec is how you control that identity. Npub can also act a window into your world for whoever may choose to view it. As mentioned in a previous entry, npub login enables viewing Nostr's notes and other stuff in a read-only mode of any user's follow feed. Clients may or may not support this, some will even allow you to view and subscribe to these feeds while signed in as yourself via this function. It the basis of the metadata for your profile, too. ### Profile: Profile, in general, is a collection of things about you, which you have chosen to share. This might include your bio, chosen display name, other contact information, and a profile photo. Similar to traditional socials, veiwing Nostr profiles often includes a feed of the things you have posted and shared displayed as a single page. People will recognize you based on the aspects of your profile more than they will by your actual identity since an npub is a prefixed random string of characters . Your npub bridges a gap between strictly machine readable data and your human readable name, but it is not as simple as a name and picture. You will choose your photo and display name for your profile as you see fit, making you recognizable. These aspects are easy for copycat scammers to leverage, so your npub will help your friends and followers to verify that you are you, in the event that someone should try to copy your profile. The Nostr protocol has another profile aspect that is important to know about, but as a general user, you shouldn't have to worry much about it. This is your nprofile. It combines your npub (or the machine readable hex verison of it) with hints to what relays you are using to publish your notes. This helps clients, crawlers, and relays find your stuff for your followers. You may notice nprofile when you share a profile link or used in other actions. When you update your relay list, your client will adjust your nprofile and send a new copy to the appropriate relays. If your believe that a client is not doing that correctly, you can visit metadata.nostr.com and manage it yourself. ### Account: Across Nostr, it is common to see the term 'account' used to refer to the combination of your identity and profile. It is a relatable term, though it may imply that some account issuer exists, but no one issues a Nostr account to you. You create and maintain it yourself. There are situations where a traditional account will exist, such as with media servers, relay subscriptions, custodial wallet hosts, or NIP-05 providers. These things will almost always be paid services and storage that you choose to use. (Reminder: all of these things are possible to DIY with a little knowhow and an old computer) ### What Is The Right Terminology? There is no simple or correct answer here. Developers and writers will use whatever terms fit their scope and topic. Context will matter, so it's important to differentiate by that more than any actual term.

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

Olá, nostrilianos! O tema de hoje é inteligência artificial (IA), com foco em duas ferramentas que têm se destacado no mercado por sua capacidade de responder perguntas, auxiliar em tarefas e, em alguns casos, até gerar imagens. Essas tecnologias estão cada vez mais presentes no dia a dia, ajudando desde a correção de textos até pesquisas rápidas e a criação de imagens personalizadas com base em prompts específicos. Nesse cenário em expansão, duas IAs se sobressaem: o ChatGPT, desenvolvido pela OpenAI, e o Grok, criado pela xAI. Ambas são ferramentas poderosas, cada uma com seus pontos fortes e limitações, e têm conquistado usuários ao redor do mundo. Neste artigo, compartilho minhas impressões sobre essas duas IAs, baseadas em minha experiência pessoal, destacando suas diferenças e vantagens. ### Grok: Destaque na criação de imagens e fontes  O Grok me impressiona especialmente em dois aspectos. Primeiro, sua capacidade de gerar imagens é um diferencial significativo. Enquanto o ChatGPT tem limitações nesse quesito, o Grok oferece uma funcionalidade mais robusta para criar visuais únicos a partir de prompts, o que pode ser uma vantagem para quem busca criatividade visual. Segundo, o Grok frequentemente cita fontes ou indica a origem das informações que fornece, o que agrega credibilidade às suas respostas e facilita a verificação dos dados. ### ChatGPT: Assertividade e clareza  Por outro lado, o ChatGPT se destaca pela assertividade e pela clareza em suas explicações. Suas respostas tendem a ser mais diretas e concisas, o que é ideal para quem busca soluções rápidas ou explicações objetivas. Acredito que essa vantagem possa estar ligada ao fato de o ChatGPT estar em operação há mais tempo, tendo passado por anos de aprimoramento e ajustes com base em interações de usuários.Comparação e reflexões. Em minha experiência, o Grok supera o ChatGPT na geração de imagens e na citação de fontes, enquanto o ChatGPT leva a melhor em precisão e simplicidade nas respostas. Esses pontos refletem não apenas as prioridades de design de cada IA, mas também o tempo de desenvolvimento e os objetivos de suas respectivas empresas criadoras. A OpenAI, por trás do ChatGPT, focou em refinamento conversacional, enquanto a xAI, com o Grok, parece investir em funcionalidades adicionais, como a criação de conteúdo visual. ### Minha opinião  Não há um vencedor absoluto entre Grok e ChatGPT – a escolha depende do que você precisa. Se seu foco é geração de imagens ou rastreamento de fontes, o Grok pode ser a melhor opção. Se busca respostas rápidas e assertivas, o ChatGPT provavelmente atenderá melhor. Ambas as IAs são ferramentas incríveis, e o mais fascinante é ver como elas continuam evoluindo, moldando o futuro da interação entre humanos e máquinas.

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

Bitcoin transaction fees might seem confusing, but don’t worry—I’ll break it down step by step in a simple way. 🚀 Unlike traditional bank fees, Bitcoin fees aren’t fixed. Instead, they depend on: ✔️ Transaction size (in bytes, not BTC!) ✔️ Network demand (more traffic = higher fees) ✔️ Fee rate (measured in satoshis per byte) Let’s dive in! 👇 📌 Why Do Bitcoin Transactions Have Fees? Bitcoin miners process transactions and add them to the blockchain. Fees serve three key purposes: 🔹 Incentivize Miners – They receive fees + block rewards. 🔹 Prevent Spam – Stops the network from being flooded. 🔹 Prioritize Transactions – Higher fees = faster confirmations. 💰 How Are Bitcoin Fees Calculated? Bitcoin fees are not based on the amount of BTC you send. Instead, they depend on how much space your transaction takes up in a block. 🧩 1️⃣ Transaction Size (Bytes, Not BTC!) Bitcoin transactions vary in size (measured in bytes). More inputs and outputs = larger transactions. Larger transactions take up more block space, meaning higher fees. 📊 2️⃣ Fee Rate (Sats Per Byte) Fees are measured in satoshis per byte (sat/vB). You set your own fee based on how fast you want the transaction confirmed. When demand is high, fees rise as users compete for block space. ⚡ 3️⃣ Network Demand If the network is busy, miners prioritize transactions with higher fees. Low-fee transactions may take hours or even days to confirm. 🔢 Example: Calculating a Bitcoin Transaction Fee Let’s say: 📦 Your transaction is 250 bytes. 💲 The current fee rate is 50 sat/vB. Formula: 🖩 Transaction Fee = Size × Fee Rate = 250 bytes × 50 sat/vB = 12,500 satoshis (0.000125 BTC) 💡 If 1 BTC = $60,000, the fee would be: 0.000125 BTC × $60,000 = $7.50 🚀 How to Lower Bitcoin Fees? Want to save on fees? Try these tips: 🔹 Use SegWit Addresses – Reduces transaction size! 🔹 Batch Transactions – Combine multiple payments into one. 🔹 Wait for Low Traffic – Fees fluctuate based on demand. 🔹 Use the Lightning Network – Near-zero fees for small payments. 🏁 Final Thoughts Bitcoin fees aren’t fixed—they depend on transaction size, fee rate, and network demand. By understanding how fees work, you can save money and optimize your transactions! 🔍 Want real-time fee estimates? Check mempool.space for live data! 🚀

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

 https://x.com/beatmastermatt/status/1906329250115858750 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/930491

@ fd78c37f:a0ec0833

In this edition, we invited Keypleb, the founder of Bitcoin Indonesia, to share how he built the Bitcoin community in Indonesia, overcoming challenges like member turnover and venue selection, while driving the adoption and growth of Bitcoin. **YakiHonne**: Welcome, Keypleb. Before we begin, let me briefly introduce YakiHonne. YakiHonne is a decentralized media client built on Nostr—a protocol designed to empower freedom of speech through technology. It enables creators to own their voices and assets while offering innovative tools like smart widgets, verified notes, and support for long-form content. We focus on free speech and free media by user privacy and data to be protected. So before starting the interview, I'd like to hear about yourself and your community. **Keypleb**：My name is Keypleb, though it’s a pseudonym—a name I use to respect privacy. I'm a co-founder of Bitcoin Indonesia, Bitcoin House Bali, and Code Orange, a new developer school we launched at a conference just a few days ago. We focus on driving adoption through meetups, hackathons, and technical workshops. I'll dive into more details later, but that's a brief overview. I'm based in Bali now, though I travel a lot and consider myself quite nomadic. Great to be here. **YakiHonne**: What sparked your interest in Bitcoin and what motivated you to create a community on Bitcoin? **Keypleb**：I first got interested in Bitcoin because it solved a specific problem. At the time, I didn’t know exactly what the solution was, but the problem was that I couldn’t afford a home. Back in 2019, I was living in London, and a two-bedroom apartment was £600,000, which was insanely expensive. First-time buyers like myself simply couldn’t afford it. Why was it so expensive? Why was buying a house so hard? During the COVID lockdown, I had more time on my hands and started listening to Michael Saylor on a Bitcoin podcast, where he talked about how the system is rigged, and that’s why people work hard but still can’t afford a house. That really resonated with me. So I started looking for a community, but unfortunately, there wasn’t one.. **Keypleb**：After moving to Bali, I attended a lot of crypto meetups, especially scammy altcoin ones, thinking, “There has to be a solution.” But none of them resonated with me. There was no sense of freedom, and no real discussion about inflation resistance. I remembered a podcast from Dea Reskita, an Indonesian host who’s pretty well-known online. I reached out to her and said, “ you’ve got to help me. I’m surrounded by all these shitcoiners, and I can’t take it anymore. I need a real community. Is anything happening?” She replied, “Yes, something is happening. We should restart these meetups next month.” And that’s how it all began. **Keypleb**：There’s also another story about how we started Bitcoin House and how Bitcoin in Asia came to be, but maybe I’ll save that for later. Anyway, the spark of interest came from Bitcoin solving a real problem, and my drive to keep going came from the lack of quality meetups. Now, we’ve hosted 31 meetups, launched Bitcoin House and Code Orange, and the movement is growing rapidly.  **YakiHonne**: That’s such an amazing story—going from being on the brink of homelessness to creating something so impactful, and keeping it running every day, bringing new people into the journey. It’s truly inspiring. I’m curious about how the community started. How did you manage to attract members and build a strong community? What challenges did you face along the way? **Keypleb**：It all started with our first meetup at the end of 2022, which was two and a half years ago now. At that time, we sent out an email to a group from a previous database, and the first meetup had around 20 people, which was a good start. However, problems quickly arose as people started dropping off, and the community lacked retention. In Bali, people come and go, usually staying for no more than two months, leading to a lack of long-term participation. This became one of our challenges: how to attract more people and, more importantly, get the same people to keep coming back. While I've been coming back for two and a half years, not everyone is able to return as often, and that has been a real challenge. **Keypleb**：Actually, I should also mention how I met my co-founders—Marius, Diana, and Dimas. We met at the 2023 Indonesia Bitcoin Conference. As time went on, we kept hosting meetups and had a lot of fun each time, though the locations kept changing. One of the initial challenges was that we didn't realize the importance of having a fixed meetup location. We changed venues several times before we realized that having a consistent location is crucial. If anyone wants to run a meetup, it's best to always choose a fixed location. We learned this through trial and error, but now it's no longer an issue. **Keypleb**：Since the conference, my co-founders and I have been working together, consistently putting in the effort. This is why our community has grown so large—so far, we are hosting 31 monthly meetups, 6 of which are in Bali. This means there is a bitcoin meetup almost every day on a regular basis. We've also established Bitcoin House Bali, a physical space, and the movement is growing rapidly. Without this movement, the region would face many challenges, including inflation and heavy censorship. It all started from just one meetup.  **YakiHonne**: It's amazing to see how you met your co-founders and how you’ve built something incredible that continues to grow today. What advice would you give to someone looking to start a successful Bitcoin community right now? **Keypleb**：First, one very important piece of advice is to ensure that every meetup is held at the same location regularly. We realized this challenge through trial and error. To help others who are interested, we’ve published our meetup guide on GitHub, where everyone can check it out. For example, meetups should be held regularly, ideally once a month, or even once a week. In Chiang Mai, the Bitcoin meetup starts every Thursday at 7 PM, and everyone knows the time and location, making it easy to join without having to look up the next meetup. **Keypleb**：Additionally, our meetup structure is very simple. First, we do a round of introductions where everyone shares their name, where they’re from, and what Bitcoin means to them. This usually takes about 15 minutes. Then, we discuss three main questions: First, why do we need Bitcoin? The discussion typically focuses on two main issues Bitcoin addresses: inflation and censorship；Secondly, how to buy Bitcoin? We usually ask who wants to buy some Bitcoin, and then we do a small purchase together and conduct a P2P trade to demonstrate how easy it is to buy Bitcoin. Lastly, how to store Bitcoin? We introduce self-custody and show how to use hardware wallets (like Trezor), explaining the concept of the 12 words and private keys. **Keypleb**：The whole meetup usually wraps up in about an hour, after which people can continue socializing at Bitcoin House or wherever the meetup is taking place. In short, keeping the meetup simple and efficient, and ensuring a fixed location for each event, are key factors in building a successful community. **YakiHonne**: What's the major approach? Is it more technical, or do you focus on non-technical aspects, or do you cover both? **Keypleb**：Our approach includes both technical and non-technical content. Initially, our meetups were completely non-technical, just casual gatherings for people to socialize. Over time, however, we've evolved to incorporate more technical content. **Keypleb**：Out of the 31 monthly regular meetups we host, most of them have been non-technical, simply regular gatherings held at the same time and place according to our meetup guide. For example, we host the “Bitcoin for Beginners” meetup, which is designed for newcomers and takes place every second Friday of the month at 5 PM at the Bitcoin House Bali. This is entirely non-technical. Additionally, every Wednesday at Bitcoin House, we host the “My First Bitcoin” course. While the course touches on some technical aspects, such as seed phrases and backups, it’s still beginner-friendly and not too technical. The course runs for 10 weeks, and we plan to offer it in the local language at Bali University to help the local community better understand Bitcoin. **Keypleb**：On the other hand, we also offer highly technical content. We launched a new program called “Code Orange,” which is specifically designed for developers and programmers. We use the “Decoding Bitcoin” website, created by Jamal, which is a learning platform for developers. Many developer schools, like Code Orange, use this resource. Additionally, we host “Code Orange” meetups where we dive into the technical aspects of Bitcoin, such as how mining works and how to prevent single points of failure. **Keypleb**：We also organize technical workshops, such as “How to Defend Against a Five-Dollar Wrench Attack,” which is closely related to security. Recently, there have been some kidnapping incidents in Bali, and many people are concerned about their Bitcoin being stolen. To address this, we plan to hold a workshop on how to protect Bitcoin against such attacks. Additionally, we host hackathons and other high-tech events, and we just completed a very successful beginner-level hackathon. **Keypleb**：In summary, our community caters to everyone, from beginners to technical experts. For beginners, we offer easy-to-understand, non-technical content, while for experienced Bitcoiners, we provide in-depth technical material.  **YakiHonne**: It's great to approach it in both ways, so everyone gets their own "piece of the cake."Now, I'd like to dive into the technical side. What advice would you give to technically inclined individuals or organizations looking to contribute to the Bitcoin ecosystem? How should they approach the technical aspects of Bitcoin if they want to get involved? **Keypleb**：I have some additional advice. First, technical individuals can sign up for the “Decoding Bitcoin” course that starts on 18th March 2025 or join our “Code Orange” program and participate in the end-of-year hackathon. If they are technically proficient, this will be a great opportunity. “Decoding Bitcoin” is great for beginners, but it’s also useful for technical individuals. If someone is very skilled, they can start contributing code right away. If they find the course too easy, they can skip it and dive directly into more advanced projects. Additionally, Bitshala and Chaincode Labs offer advanced courses, which more technically advanced individuals can choose to pursue.  **Keypleb**：Additionally, it's worth mentioning that the Bitcoin Dev Project has a great platform where technical individuals can find “Good First Issue” or open-source projects to start contributing code. You'll learn about the philosophy behind Bitcoin and why it's more meaningful than other “shitcoins.” Once you’ve taken enough “orange pills” (the philosophy and technology of Bitcoin), you can dive deeper into Bitcoin core development and potentially start coding in C++. If you're interested, you can join specific projects like Nostr, Fedimint or E-Cash. **YakiHonne**: I’d like to move on to the next question: How do you see Bitcoin communities evolving as technology progresses, particularly in areas like scalability, privacy, and adaptability to other systems? Keypleb：I believe the Bitcoin community will continue to evolve, and it has already made incredible progress. Two and a half years ago, we started alone in Bali, with just ourselves. We began in the official phase and have had numerous conversations throughout the year. For example, we are now starting a Bitcoin club at a university in Bali; we just need to find a passionate, driven “Bitcoin maximalist,” and the Bitcoin club will begin. Like what our friends did in Banyuwangi, Indonesia, these clubs could eventually evolve into Bitcoin houses. **Keypleb**：Regarding privacy and scalability, the community is making strides. We’re big fans of Fedi, which builds on top of the Fedimint protocol and uses e-cash to scale Bitcoin while improving privacy. Fedi low fees and high privacy potential give Bitcoin great opportunities in this area. **Keypleb**：As for Bitcoin's compatibility with fiat systems, although Bitcoin payments are illegal in some countries like Indonesia, smart developers across Southeast Asia are working on legal solutions. For example, there's a website called Pleb QR that works in Thailand, allowing you to pay in fiat via the Lightning Network. Koral is another app specifically for Indonesia. These kinds of testing products already exist and are physically possible, but we’re just waiting on regulations. My influential friends are actively lobbying the government for adoption. **Keypleb**：In summary, privacy, scalability, and compatibility with fiat systems are all works in progress, and they will continue to evolve positively. There will be more meetups, more wallet downloads, and more adoption—there’s no doubt about that. **YakiHonne**: You mentioned the concept of cross-country issues, so I have one last question: How is the government’s stance on Bitcoin? Is the political climate supportive or against Bitcoin? How do you see the government's approach to Bitcoin in your community or environment? **Keypleb**：This reminds me of a person, Jeff Booth, who once said, “We are them, the government is made up of us.” In Indonesia, many politicians actually support Bitcoin, and many of them mine Bitcoin themselves. When money is involved, the incentive is strong, and politicians naturally like to make more money. As a result, Indonesia has a large Bitcoin mining scene. However, overall, the Indonesian government is against Bitcoin, as seen in their ban on Bitcoin payments. The 2011 currency law states that any currency other than the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) cannot be used, and violators can face up to one year in prison or a fine. This means you cannot pay with US dollars, lira, euros, pesos or pounds. **Keypleb**：This shows that the government’s legal system is somewhat fragile. It’s understandable that the government is concerned about disruptive technologies like Bitcoin, especially with such a fragile fiat system. Indonesia has also seen many arrests. In 2016, Bank Indonesia issued a letter announcing a crackdown on cryptocurrency payments. Those involved in paying in Bitcoin had their funds seized, and the police cooperated in shutting down businesses accepting Bitcoin payments in the cities. While this isn't very friendly, it does highlight the fragility of the existing system. We also believe that a new executive order may be introduced in the future, similar to when President Roosevelt in 1933 ordered Americans to hand over all their gold with his Executive Order 6102. If it happened before, it could happen again. **Keypleb**：Therefore, we predict that Bitcoin custody could become a legal issue, which is one of the reasons we blur the faces of participants at every meetup. We need to protect the community from any potential risks. But overall, we remain optimistic. Despite the government ban, the ideology of Bitcoin is unstoppable, and its spread cannot be stopped. So, we are very optimistic about the future. **YakiHonne**: I think almost every government around the world, even in Africa, faces similar issues with Bitcoin. Some governments might want Bitcoin but hesitate to openly accept it due to the fear of it undermining the traditional financial system, which, of course, could eventually happen. But hopefully, as the new generation comes into power, we'll see more Bitcoin-friendly governments. So, thank you so much for sharing your insights and advice. I really appreciate your time and the valuable input you've provided. **Keypleb**：I'm really glad this conversation enlightened me. I enjoyed it a lot, and it made me reflect on how much work we're doing and how valuable it is. There are a lot of problems out there, with censorship being the biggest one, followed by inflation, which is also a major issue depending on the region. But Bitcoin is open, the community is growing, and people are fighting against censorship and internet shutdowns in places like Indonesia and beyond. The movement is definitely growing. So, I'm very happy to be here and have this chat. Thanks again. Bitcoin Indonesia nostr: nostr:npub1y4qd2zhtn05gnsaaq5xfejzfk4a32638tx6gpp9g8k6e42g9d66qaxhcr3 Keypleb nostr: nostr:npub190trvg63e6tyqlwlj6lccqpftx76lckj25c006vwx3dzvdl88yxs2nyqdx

@ bcbb3e40:a494e501

|[](https://amzn.to/4jaGBZ4)| |:-:| |[WAJDA, Andrzej; _Cenizas y diamantes_, 1958](https://amzn.to/4jaGBZ4)| Presentamos una nueva reseña cinematográfica, y en esta ocasión hemos elegido «Cenizas y diamantes», una película polaca del célebre y prolífico director **Andrzej Wajda** (1926-2016), estrenada en el año 1958. Se trata de uno de los grandes clásicos del cine polaco. El filme refleja una etapa dramática desde la perspectiva histórica para la nación polaca, como es el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, a raíz de la capitulación alemana del 8 de mayo de 1945. El contexto en el que se desarrolla se ambienta en la celebración del final de la guerra con el aplastante triunfo de la URSS, con las tropas soviéticas ocupando toda la Europa oriental, y en particular Polonia, que vive un momento de oscuridad e incertidumbre. El protagonista, **Maciek Chełmicki** (interpretado magistralmente por **Zbigniew Cybulski** (1927-1967), apodado el «James Dean polaco»), es un joven nacionalista polaco, de orientación anticomunista, que se ve implicado en un complot urdido para asesinar a un líder comunista local. Maciek opera desde la clandestinidad, bajo el grupo **Armia Krajowa (AK)**, el Ejército Nacional polaco, una organización de resistencia, primero contra los alemanes y, posteriormente, contra los soviéticos. Durante el metraje, se plantea una dicotomía permanente entre la libertad entendida como la defensa de la soberanía de Polonia, desde posturas nacionalistas, y quienes consideran la ocupación soviética como algo positivo. Estas circunstancias atrapan al protagonista, que se ve envuelto en una espiral de violencia y traición. Maciek Chełmicki, nuestro protagonista, cuenta con todas [las características del héroe trágico](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/caballero-muerte-diablo-jean-cau/), pues tiene en sus manos una serie de acciones que comprometen el futuro de un pueblo, que consiste en cumplir la misión que le ha sido encomendada, pero en su camino se cruza una joven, Krystyna, una joven camarera de un hotel de la que se enamora en ese mismo día. Este último hecho sirve de punto de partida para todas las dudas, dilemas y dicotomías a las que hacemos referencia. Hay un dilema moral evidente en un mundo en ruinas, [devastado por la guerra, la muerte y el nihilismo](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/en-el-mar-de-la-nada-curzio-nitoglia/). En este sentido Wajda nos muestra un lenguaje cinematográfico muy evidente, a través de una técnica expresionista muy depurada, con el uso del blanco y negro, los contrastes generados por las sombras y la atmósfera opresiva que transmite angustia, desesperación y vulnerabilidad de los protagonistas. Además también destilan una fuerte carga emocional, donde no están exentos elementos poéticos y un poderoso lirismo. || |:-:| |Maciek Chełmicki, el protagonista.| Hay elementos simbólicos que no podemos obviar, y que contribuyen a consolidar el análisis que venimos haciendo, como, por ejemplo, la estética del protagonista, con unas gafas oscuras, que actúan como una suerte de barrera frente al mundo que le rodea, como parte del anonimato tras el cual el joven Maciek vive de forma introspectiva su propio drama particular y el de toda una nación. |[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/mar-nada-curzio-nitoglia/)| |:-:| |[NITOGLIA, Curzio; _En el mar de la nada: Metafísica y nihilismo a prueba en la posmodernidad_; Hipérbola Janus, 2023](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/mar-nada-curzio-nitoglia/)| Hay una escena especialmente poderosa, y casi mítica, en la que los dos jóvenes protagonistas, Maciek y Krystina, se encuentran entre las ruinas de una Iglesia, en la que se destaca en primer plano, ocupando buena parte de la pantalla, la imagen de un Cristo invertido sobre un crucifijo, donde también se encuentran dos cuerpos colgados hacia abajo en una estampa que refleja la devastación moral y espiritual de toda una época. De hecho, [la imagen del crucifijo invertido refleja el máximo punto de subversión y profanación de lo sagrado](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/la-cruz-frente-la-modernidad/), y que en el caso concreto de la película viene a representar la destrucción del orden moral y de valores cristianos que la propia guerra ha provocado. Polonia es una nación profundamente católica, convertida al Cristianismo en el 966 a raíz de la conversión del príncipe **Miecislao I**, contribuyendo de manera decisiva a la formación de la identidad nacional polaca. El catolicismo siempre ha sido un medio de cohesión y defensa frente a las influencias extranjeras y la ocupación de terceros países, una constante en la historia del país, como el que ilustra la propia película con la URSS. En este sentido, la imagen de una Iglesia en ruinas, el lugar donde se encuentra representado el principio de lo sagrado e inviolable, [supone una forma de perversión de todo principio de redención y salvación frente a la tragedia](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/mas-nos-vale-rezar/), y al mismo tiempo viene a significar que la Tradición ha sido abandonada y pervertida. En la misma línea, el protagonista, Maciek, se encuentra atrapado en una espiral de violencia a través de sus actos terroristas perpetrados contra la autoridad soviética que ocupa su país. Los dos cuerpos anónimos que cuelgan boca abajo, de forma grotesca, también participan de este caos y desequilibrio de un orden dislocado, son parte de la deshumanización y el nihilismo que todo lo impregna. || |:-:| |Maciek y Krystina en una iglesia en ruinas| Como ya hemos mencionado, la película se encuentra plagada de paradojas y dicotomías, en las que nuestro protagonista, [el joven rebelde e inconformista](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/juventud-contestacion/), debe elegir permanentemente, en unas decisiones que resultan trascendentales para su futuro y el de la propia nación. La figura femenina que irrumpe en su vida, y que representa un principio disruptivo que provoca una fractura interior y una crisis, le suscita una toma de conciencia de su propia situación y le fuerza a tomar un camino entre la «felicidad», del «amor», la «esperanza» y la «vida», que le permita superar la deriva nihilista y autodestructiva de la lucha clandestina, la cual le aboca a un destino trágico (que no vamos a desentrañar para no hacer spoiler). En relación al propio título de la película, «Cenizas y diamantes», basada en el poema del poeta y dramaturgo polaco **Cyprian Norwid** (1821-1883) y en la novela del autor, también polaco, **Jerzy Andrzejewski** (1909-1983), nos destaca la dualidad de los dos elementos que lo componen, y que definen el contraste entre el mundo sombrío y oscuro (Cenizas) y la esperanza y la luz que representa susodicha figura femenina (diamantes). La segunda alternativa parece un imposible, una quimera irrealizable que se pliega ante un Destino implacable, irreversible y cruel. En consecuencia, y a la luz de los elementos expuestos, podemos decir que se nos presentan dilemas propios de la filosofía existencialista, que conoce su punto álgido en esos años, con autores como **Jean Paul Sartre** (1905-1980), **Albert Camus** (1913-1960), **Karl Jaspers** (1883-1969) o [**Martin Heidegger**](https://amzn.to/4cmjvwE) (1889-1976) entre otros. Respecto a éste último, a Heidegger, podemos encontrar algunas claves interesantes a través de su filosofía en relación al protagonista, a Maciek, especialmente a través de la idea del *Dasein*, a la idea de haber sido arrojado al mundo (*Geworfenheit*), y la manera tan extrema y visceral en la que vive susodicha condición. Todos aquellos elementos que dan sentido a la vida colectiva [se encuentran decaídos o destruidos en su esencia más íntima, la Patria, la religión o la propia idea de Comunidad orgánica](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/textos-tradicion-tiempos-oscurecimiento-hj/). De modo que el protagonista se ha visto «arrojado» frente a una situación o destino indeseado, en unas coyunturas totalmente desfavorables en las que no queda otra elección. Sus decisiones están permanentemente condicionadas por la circunstancia descrita y, por tanto, vive en un mundo donde no controla nada, en lugar de ser sujeto es un mero objeto transportado por esas circunstancias ajenas a su voluntad. Sin embargo, y en coherencia con el *Dasein* heideggeriano, vemos como Maciek, a raíz de conocer a Krystyna, comienza a experimentar una catarsis interior, que muestra por momentos el deseo de superar ese «ser arrojado al mundo contra tu voluntad», trascendiendo esa condición absurda e irracional de unas decisiones enajenadas de su voluntad para dotar de una significación y un sentido la propia existencia. || |:-:| |Andrzej Wajda, el director de la película.| Otro elemento característico de la filosofía heideggeriana lo podemos encontrar en la «angustia» (*angst*) a través de la ausencia de un sentido y fundamento último que justifique la existencia del protagonista. Es una angustia en a que el *Dasein* se enfrenta a la «nada», a ese vacío existencial que hace inútil toda la lucha que Maciek lleva a cabo en la clandestinidad, con asesinatos y actos de terrorismo que pretenden salvaguardar algo que ya no existe, y que simboliza muy bien la Iglesia en ruinas con sus símbolos religiosos invertidos de la que hablábamos con anterioridad. Recuerda un poco a esa dicotomía que se plantea entre ser conservador o reaccionario frente a una realidad como la del propio presente, en la que los valores tradicionales han sido totalmente destruidos, y más que conservar se impone la reacción para volver a construir de la nada. |[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/textos-tradicion-tiempos-oscurecimiento-hiperbola-janus/)| |:-:| |[Hipérbola Janus; _Textos para la Tradición en tiempos del oscurecimiento: Artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2019 en hiperbolajanus.com_; Hipérbola Janus, 2019](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/textos-tradicion-tiempos-oscurecimiento-hiperbola-janus/)| Todas las dudas que asaltan al protagonista se ven incrementadas en el momento decisivo, cuando se dispone a dar muerte al líder comunista. Se produce una tensión interna en Maciek, que se encuentra ligado a la joven que ha conocido ese día, y en ella es donde encuentra ese leve destello de humanidad. Esa circunstancia le hace replantearse por un instante el cumplimiento de su misión, pero es un dilema que no tiene salida, y por ello le asalta nuevamente la angustia frente a esa «nada», ese mundo vacío e incomprensible que trasciende el marco de sus propias elecciones. Uno de los conceptos centrales de Heidegger en [*Ser y tiempo*](https://amzn.to/4l7uMoi) es el *Sein-zum-Tode* (*ser-para-la-muerte*), la idea de que la muerte es la posibilidad más propia y definitiva del *Dasein*, y que enfrentarla auténticamente permite vivir de manera más plena. Y es que el protagonista se encuentra permanentemente sobre esa frontera entre la vida y la muerte, que afronta con todas sus consecuencias, conscientemente, y la acepta. Esta actitud podría leerse como una forma de *Dasein* inauténtico, una huida del *ser-para-la-muerte* mediante la distracción (*das Man*, el «se» impersonal). Sin embargo, su decisión de cumplir la misión sugiere un enfrentamiento final con esa posibilidad. Otro aspecto que podemos conectar con el pensamiento heideggeriano es la autenticidad o inautenticidad de la vida del protagonista. En relación a la inautenticidad vemos como al principio sigue las órdenes de sus superiores en la organización sin cuestionarlas, lo cual implica un comportamiento inequívocamente alienante. Respecto a aquello que resulta auténtico de su existencia son sus relaciones con Krystyna, que supone imponer su propia voluntad y decisión, mostrando un *Dasein* que asume su libertad. || |:-:| |Escena de la película.| Otros aspectos más generales de la filosofía existencialista redundan sobre estos mismos aspectos, con la elección entre la libertad absoluta y la condena inevitable. La idea del hombre condenado a actuar, a una elección continua, aún cuando el hombre no es dueño de su destino, o las consecuencias de tales acciones son absurdas, irracionales e incomprensibles. El propio absurdo de la existencia frente al vacío y la ausencia de principios sólidos en los que cimentar la vida, no solo en sus aspectos cotidianos más básicos, sino en aquellos más profundos de la existencia. La soledad y la propia fatalidad frente a un Destino que, como ya hemos apuntado anteriormente, parece imponerse de manera irrevocable, y podríamos decir que brutalmente, al individuo aislado, incapaz de asirse en una guía, en unos valores que le permitan remontar la situación. En términos generales «Cenizas y diamantes», además de ser una película de gran calidad en sus aspectos técnicos, en su fotografía, en la configuración de sus escenas y en el propio desarrollo argumental, bajo un guión espléndidamente ejecutado a lo largo de sus 98 minutos de duración, también nos invita a una reflexión profunda sobre la condición humana y la propia Modernidad. Y es algo que vemos en nuestros días, con las consecuencias de un pensamiento débil, con la promoción del individualismo, el hedonismo y lo efímero. La ausencia de estructuras sólidas, [la subversión de toda forma de autoridad y jerarquía tradicionales](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/metapolitica-tradicion-modernidad-antologia-julius-evola/). Paradójicamente, el mundo actual tiende a formas de poder y autoridad mucho más invasivas y coercitivas, tanto a nivel individual como colectivo, pero en la misma línea abstracta e impersonal que nos describe la película, abocándonos a la alienación y la inautenticidad de nuestras propias vidas. Y como Maciek, también nosotros, vivimos en un mundo dominado por la incertidumbre y la desesperanza, en el que el globalismo y sus perversas ideologías deshumanizantes actúan por doquier. || |:-:| |Carátula original de la película en polaco.| --- **Artículo original**: Hipérbola Janus, [_Reseña de «Cenizas y Diamantes» (Andrzej Wajda, 1958)_](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/posts/resena-cenizas-diamantes/) [**(TOR)**](http://hiperbolam7t46pbl2fiqzaarcmw6injdru4nh2pwuhrkoub3263mpad.onion/posts/resena-cenizas-diamantes/), 31/Mar/2025

@ bcbb3e40:a494e501

El 7 de febrero de 2025, Donald Trump firmó una orden ejecutiva que establecía una «Oficina de la Fe» en la Casa Blanca, dirigida por su asesora espiritual Paula White-Cain, la pastora de esa «teología de la prosperidad» (*prosperity theology*) que predica el «Evangelio de la salud y la riqueza» (*health and wealth gospel[^1]*). Investida de su nueva función, la reverenda pastora dijo: «Tengo la autoridad para declarar a la Casa Blanca un lugar santo. Es mi presencia la que la santifica»[^2]. Los siete rabinos del «Sanedrín Naciente» —la corte suprema que guiará a Israel cuando se reconstruya el Templo de Jerusalén— enviaron conmovedoras felicitaciones al presidente Trump por el establecimiento de esta Oficina. «Expresamos nuestra sincera gratitud —se lee en el mensaje oficial enviado a Trump desde el Monte Sión— por llevar la fe a la vanguardia de la cultura estadounidense y mundial mediante el establecimiento de la Oficina de la Fe en la Casa Blanca. Su reconocimiento de la importancia de la religión en la vida pública es un paso hacia [la restauración de los valores morales y del liderazgo espiritual en el mundo](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/posts/patriots-mutti/)[^3]. La carta del «Sanedrín Naciente», que augura el éxito a la «misión divina» del presidente estadounidense, reproduce las dos caras de una «moneda del Templo», acuñada en 2017 para celebrar el traslado de la embajada estadounidense a Jerusalén y, simultáneamente, el centenario de la Declaración Balfour. En el anverso se ven los perfiles de Donald Trump y Ciro el Grande, a quien la tradición judía atribuye la reconstrucción del templo destruido por los babilonios, con la inscripción (en hebreo e inglés) «*Cyrus —Balfour— Trump Declaration 1917-2017*»; en el reverso está la imagen del Templo de Jerusalén[^4]. Otra moneda, que lleva los perfiles de Trump y Ciro en el anverso y los de Trump y Netanyahu en el reverso, fue acuñada en 2018 para celebrar el septuagésimo aniversario de la independencia del «Estado de Israel»; se observa dos inscripciones en hebreo e inglés: «Y Él me encargó construirle una casa en Jerusalén» y «Guerra de los Hijos de la Luz contra los Hijos de las Tinieblas». El tema de la «guerra de los Hijos de la Luz contra los Hijos de las Tinieblas» ha tenido una difusión particular en el imaginario y la propaganda trumpista. El 7 de junio de 2020, monseñor Carlo Maria Viganò, ex nuncio de la Santa Sede en los Estados Unidos, escribió una carta al presidente Donald Trump que comenzaba así: «Estamos asistiendo en los últimos meses a la formación de dos bandos, que los definiría bíblicos: los hijos de la luz y los hijos de las tinieblas»[^5]. El 1 de enero de 2021, el agitprop estadounidense Steve Bannon declaró en una entrevista con Monseñor Viganò: «Esta es una batalla de época entre los hijos de la Luz y los hijos de las Tinieblas»[^6]. Son numerosos los judíos sionistas que están en el círculo del presidente Trump: además de su hija Ivanka (convertida en 2009) y su yerno Jared Kushner (entonces Consejero Anciano del Presidente), el 19 de noviembre de 2024 el «The Jerusalem Post»[^7] publicó una lista de los más influyentes: Stephen Miller, subdirector del *staff* de la Casa Blanca y consejero de Seguridad Nacional de Estados Unidos; David Melech Friedman, a quien en 2016 Trump nombró embajador en Israel; el multimillonario «filántropo» Steven Charles Witkoff, enviado especial de Estados Unidos a Oriente Medio; Miriam Adelson, directora del periódico «Israel Hayom», clasificada por *Bloomberg Billionaires* como la quinta mujer más rica del mundo (con un patrimonio neto de 32,400 millones de dólares), financiadora de iniciativas políticas conservadoras en Estados Unidos e Israel; el banquero Boris Epshteyn, consejero estratégico de la campaña presidencial de Trump en 2020; Howard Williams Lutnick, presidente de la *Cantor Fitzgerald* del *Grupo BGC*, financista de las campañas presidenciales de Donald Trump en 2020 y 2024, ahora secretario de Comercio; la modelo Elizabeth Pipko, portavoz nacional del Partido Republicano y creadora de un «museo interactivo virtual» sobre la «Shoah» como parte del proyecto de *Lest People Forget*, cuyo objetivo es combatir el «antisemitismo» y la «negacionismo»; Lee Michael Zeldin, miembro republicano de la Cámara de Representantes por el estado de Nueva York del 2015 al 2023 y actualmente administrador de la EPA (*Environmental Protection Agency*); la columnista Laura Elizabeth Loomer, «orgullosamente islamófoba», activa patrocinadora de Trump en la campaña para las elecciones presidenciales de 2024; Sidney Ferris Rosenberg, influyente presentador de radio y periodista deportivo; William Owen Scharf, Asistente del Presidente y secretario del personal de la Casa Blanca; Marc Jeffrey Rowan, «filántropo» con un patrimonio neto valorado por *Forbes* en ocho mil ochocientos millones de dólares. Además de estos, cabe mencionar al popular presentador de radio Mark Levin quien, en diciembre de 2019, durante la celebración de la fiesta de Janucá en la Casa Blanca, saludó a Donald Trump como «el primer presidente judío de los Estados Unidos»[^8]. Según un funcionario de alto nivel de la Casa Blanca, Donald Trump se convirtió al judaísmo dos años antes en la sinagoga de la secta Jabad Lubavitch en la ciudad de Nueva York. David Elias Goldberg, miembro del *Jewish Center of Antisemitic Study*, también entrevistó al funcionario, para quien «Trump fue “instado” por su hija Ivanka y su yerno Jared Kushner para abrazar la fe. Inicialmente, Trump se habría mostrado reacio, considerando que esto podría enfriar el apoyo del electorado evangélico». Luego, informa «Israel Today News», «cambió de opinión y se convirtió oficialmente a principios de 2017. La ceremonia se llevó a cabo en privado y se guardó celosamente durante casi dos años»[^9]. Pero ya en septiembre de 2015, el rabino millonario Kirt Schneider, invitado a la Trump Tower de Nueva York, había impuesto sus manos sobre la cabeza de Donald Trump y lo había bendecido en hebreo e inglés, declarando: «Las únicas dos naciones que tienen una relación privilegiada con Dios son Israel y los Estados Unidos de América»[^10]. El 7 de octubre de 2024, en el aniversario de la operación de Hamas «Diluvio de Al-Aqsa», Trump fue acompañado por un «superviviente de la Shoah» a la tumba de Menachem Mendel Schneerson, séptimo y último Rabino de los *Hasidim* de la secta Jabad Lubavitch, que en 1991 declaró a sus seguidores: «He hecho todo lo posible para provocar el arribo del Mesías, ahora les paso a ustedes esta misión; hagan todo lo que puedan para que Él venga»[^11]. En relación al evento mesiánico, el eminente rabino Yekutiel Fish atribuyó una misión decisiva a Trump: «Todo el mundo está centrado en Gaza, pero esa es solo una parte de la agenda del fin de los tiempos, que tiene a los judíos viviendo en las fronteras profetizadas de Israel; la Torá incluye explícitamente a Gaza. [Lo que Trump está haciendo es limpiar Gaza de todos los odiadores de Israel](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/posts/entrevista-mutti-marzo-24/). No podrán estar en Israel después de la venida del Mesías. (...) Esto incluirá a Gaza, la mitad del Líbano y gran parte de Jordania. Y vemos que casi lo hemos logrado. Siria cayó. Líbano está medio destruido. Gaza está destrozada. El escenario está casi listo para el Mesías. Pero, ¿cómo pueden los palestinos estar aquí cuando vayamos a recibir al Mesías? El Mesías necesita que alguien se ocupe de esto, y en este caso, es Donald Trump. Trump está simplemente llevando a cabo las tareas finales necesarias antes de que el Mesías sea revelado»[^12]. Esta inspiración escatológica está presente en las palabras de Pete Brian Hegseth, el pintoresco exponente del «Reconstruccionismo Cristiano»[^13] a quien Trump nombró secretario de Defensa. En un discurso pronunciado en 2019 en el Hotel Rey David de Jerusalén, con motivo de la conferencia anual del canal *Arutz Sheva* (*Israel National News*), Hegseth enalteció el «vínculo eterno» entre Israel y Estados Unidos, y enumeró los «milagros» que atestiguan el «apoyo divino» a la causa sionista, el último de los cuales será la reconstrucción del Templo judío en la zona donde actualmente se encuentra la mezquita de al-Aqsa: «La dignidad de capital adquirida por Jerusalén —dijo— fue un milagro, y no hay razón por la cual no sea posible el milagro de la restauración del Templo en el Monte del Templo».[^14] Es conocido que el fundamentalismo evangélico pro-sionista[^15] comparte con el judaísmo la creencia en que la construcción del tercer Templo de Jerusalén marcará el comienzo de la era mesiánica; cuando la administración Trump trasladó la embajada de Estados Unidos a Jerusalén en 2017, Laurie Cardoza-Moore, exponente del evangelismo sionista, saludó así la «obediencia de Trump a la Palabra de Dios» en «Haaretz»: «Al establecer la Embajada en Jerusalén, el presidente Donald Trump está implementando una de las iniciativas históricas de dimensión bíblica en su presidencia. Al igual que muchos judíos en Israel y en todo el mundo, los cristianos reconocen el vínculo de los judíos con la Biblia a través del nombre de Jerusalén como la capital del antiguo Israel, así como el sitio del Primer y Segundo Templos. Según los profetas Ezequiel, Isaías y el apóstol Juan del Nuevo Testamento, todos los israelíes esperan la reconstrucción del Tercer Templo»[^16]. El 22 de mayo del mismo año, Donald Trump, acompañado de su esposa Melania, de su hija Ivanka y su yerno Jared Kushner, fue el primer presidente de los Estados Unidos en ejercicio en acudir al Muro de las Lamentaciones, anexionado ilegalmente a la entidad sionista. En 2019, la administración Trump confirmó la posición de Estados Unidos al enviar en visita oficial para Jerusalén a Mike Pompeo, un secretario de Estado que —ironía de la Historia— lleva el mismo nombre del general romano que asaltó la ciudad en el año 63 a.C. «Por primera vez en la historia, un secretario de Estado norteamericano visitó la Ciudad Vieja de Jerusalén en compañía de un alto político israelí. Fue una visita histórica que reforzó las expectativas israelíes y constituyó un reconocimiento tácito de la soberanía israelí sobre el sitio del Monte del Templo y la Explanada de las Mezquitas. (…) Mike Pompeo, acompañado por el primer ministro Benjamin Netanyahu y el embajador de Estados Unidos en Israel, David Friedman, también visitó el túnel del Muro de las Lamentaciones y la sinagoga ubicada bajo tierra, en el presunto lugar del santuario del Templo[^17], donde se le mostró una maqueta del futuro Templo[^18]. En el transcurso de una entrevista concedida durante la fiesta del Purim (que celebra el exterminio de la clase política persa, ocurrido hace 2500 años), el secretario de Estado insinuó que «el presidente Donald Trump puede haber sido enviado por Dios para salvar al pueblo judío y que confiaba en que aquí el Señor estaba obrando»[^19]. Como observa Daniele Perra, en este mismo número de «Eurasia», el «mito movilizador» del Tercer Templo, atribuible a los «mitos teológicos» señalados por Roger Garaudy como mitos fundadores de la entidad sionista, «atribuye al judaísmo una especie de función sociológica de transmisión y proyección del conflicto palestino-israelí hacia el resto del mundo y confiere una inspiración apocalíptica al momento geopolítico actual». |**Info**|| |:-|:-| |**Autor**| Claudio Mutti | |**Fuente**| [_I "Figli della Luce" alla Casa Bianca_](https://www.eurasia-rivista.com/i-figli-della-luce-alla-casa-bianca/) | |**Fecha**| 8/Mar/2025 | |**Traducción**| Francisco de la Torre | [^1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosperity_theology. [^2]: The White House, *President Trump announces appointments to the White House Faith Office* [https://www.whitehouse.gov](https://www.whitehouse.gov/),, 7 de febrero de 2025; *Trump establece la Oficina de la Fe con una foto de «La Última Cena» | Fue dirigida por la controvertida predicadora Paula White*, [https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it](https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/), 10 de febrero de 2025\. [^3]: «We extend our heartfelt gratitude for bringing faith to the forefront of American and global culture through the establishment of the Faith Office in the White House. Your recognition of the importance of religion in public life is a step toward restoring moral values and spiritual leadership in the world» (*Letter from the Nascent Sanhedrin to President Donald J. Trump*, Jerusalem, Wednesday, February 12, 2025). [^4]: *Israeli group mints Trump coin to honor Jerusalem recognition*, «The Times of Israel», [https://www.timesofisrael.com](https://www.timesofisrael.com/), 28-2-2018. [^5]: Mons. Viganò — Siamo nella battaglia tra figli della luce e figli delle tenebre, https://www.italiador.com, 7-6-2020 [^6]: *TRANSCRIPT: Steve Bannon’s ‘War Room’ interview with Abp. Viganò*, lifesitenews.com, 4-1-2021. Sulle origini e sulla fortuna di questo tema cfr. C. Mutti, *Le sètte dell’Occidente*, «Eurasia», 2/2021, pp. 12-15. (https://www.eurasia-rivista.com/las-sectas-de-occidente/) [^7]: Luke Tress, *The who’s who of Jews in Trump’s inner circle?*, «The Jerusalem Post», https://www.jpost.com, 19-11-2024. [^8]: *Radio Talk Show Host Mark Levin Calls President Trump «the First Jewish President of the United States»*, [https://www.c-span.org](https://www.c-span.org/), 11-12-2019. [^9]: «However, he had a change of heart and officially converted in early 2017\. The ceremony was held in private, and closely guarded for nearly two years» (*Donald Trump converted to Judaism two years ago, according to White House official*, https://israeltodaynews.blogspot.com/2019/02). [^10]: «El rabino Kirt Schneider (...) es un millonario judío, una figura televisiva de los “judíos mesiánicos”. Sus emisiones televisivas semanales son emitidas por más de treinta canales cristianos en unos doscientos países; entre ellos, los canales “Yes” y “Hot” en Israel. Solo en Estados Unidos, sus emisiones atraen a 1.600.000 telespectadores cada semana. Kirt Schneider dirige un imperio de telecomunicaciones que tiene un millón y medio de seguidores en Facebook, X (antes Twitter) y YouTube» (Pierre-Antoine Plaquevent — Youssef Hindi, *El milenarismo teopolítico de Israel*, Edizioni all'insegna del Veltro, Parma 2025, p. 31). [^11]: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson [^12]: «Everyone is focused on Gaza, but that is only one part of the end-of-days agenda, which has the Jews living in Israel’s prophesied borders. The Torah explicitly includes Gaza. What Trump is doing is cleaning out Gaza of all the haters of Israel. They cannot be in Israel after the Messiah comes. (…) This will include Gaza, half of Lebanon, and much of Jordan. And we see that we are almost there. Syria fell. Lebanon is half gone. Gaza is ripped up. The stage is nearly set for Messiah. But how can the Palestinians be here when we go to greet the Messiah? The Messiah needs someone to take care of this, and in this case, it is Donald Trump. Trump is merely carrying out the final tasks needed before Messiah is revealed» (Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz, *Trump’s Gaza Plan is «The Final task before Messiah»*, [https://israel365news.com](https://israel365news.com/), 5-2-2025). [^13]: «A day after Hegseth was announced for the Cabinet position, Brooks Potteiger, a pastor within the Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches (CREC), posted on X that Hegseth is a member of the church in good standing. The CREC, a denomination of Christian Reconstructionism, is considered by some academics to be an extremist, Christian supremacist movement» (Shannon Bond e altri, *What’s behind defense secretary pick Hegseth’s war on ‘woke’*, [https://www.npr.org](https://www.npr.org/), 14-11-2024. [^14]: «The decoration of Jerusalem as a capital was a miracle, and there is no reason why the miracle of the re-establishment of Temple on the Temple Mount is not possible» (*Pete Hegseth at Arutz Sheva Conference*, youtube.com). Cfr. Daniele Perra, *Paleotrumpismo, neotrumpismo e post-trumpismo*, in: AA. VV., *Trumpismo*, Cinabro Edizioni, Roma 2025, pp. 22-23. [^15]: Pierre-Antoine Plaquevent — Youssef Hindi, *El milenarismo teopolítico de Israel*, cit., págs. 82 a 96. [^16]: «We American Christians Welcome Trump’s Obedience to God’s Word on Jerusalem», «Haaretz», 6-12-2017. [^17]: Pierre-Antoine Plaquevent — Youssef Hindi, *El milenarismo teopolítico de Israel*, cit., pág. 97. [^18]: *Pompeo en visite historique au mur Occidental aux côtés de Netanyahu et Friedman*, «The Times of Israel», [https://fr.timesofisrael.com](https://fr.timesofisrael.com/), 21-3-2019. [^19]: *Pompeo says Trump may have been sent by God to save Jews from Iran*, «The Times of Israel», 22-3-2019.

@ bcbb3e40:a494e501

|[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/thiriart-joven-europa-missiaggia/)| |:-:| |[MISSIAGGIA, Pietro; _Jean Thiriart, el caballero euroasiático y la Joven Europa_; Hipérbola Janus, 2025](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/thiriart-joven-europa-missiaggia/)| Desde nuestros inicios los autores y temáticas relacionadas con la geopolítica nos han procurado atención e interés por parte del gran público y de los *mass media*, y no hay más que recordar el efecto que han venido teniendo nuestras obras de [**Aleksandr Duguin**](https://hiperbolajanus.com/firmas/aleksandr-g.-duguin/), en especial [*La geopolítica de Rusia*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/libros/geopolitica-rusia-aleksandr-duguin/) y [*Proyecto Eurasia: teoría y praxis*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/libros/proyecto-eurasia-aleksandr-duguin/), sobre todo a raíz de [nuestra presentación en Casa de Rusia](https://youtu.be/rsp-FMmSPJE) en un ya lejano 2016, con la inestimable colaboración de [**Jordi de la Fuente**](https://hiperbolajanus.com/firmas/jordi-de-la-fuente-miro/) como prologuista, trabajo que siempre reivindicamos desde nuestros medios por el prestigio, la calidad y brillantez de exposición del mismo. Más allá de las obras del prestigioso y afamado filósofo y politólogo ruso, también hemos realizado otras incursiones en esta vertiente, que podríamos llamar «geopolítica alternativa», introduciendo las obras de otros notables autores como [**Claudio Mutti**](https://amzn.to/3RfXOUZ), [**Carlo Terracciano**](https://amzn.to/4iq9mkA) o [**Boris Nad**](https://amzn.to/3Fv98tT). Con estos autores hemos tratado de profundizar en esa vía que se opone frontalmente, y radicalmente si se quiere, a los planteamientos derivados de la geopolítica atlantista y liberal que tiene su principal polo en Estados Unidos, haciendo especial hincapié en el subyugamiento que vienen ejerciendo desde 1945 en adelante respecto a una Europa convertida en un protectorado en una mera colonia. Es por este motivo por el que la publicación de _Jean Thiriart, el caballero euroasiático y la Joven Europa_ nos parece una obra totalmente pertinente en estos momentos, forma parte del desarrollo lógico de la línea editorial en la que estamos encauzados desde nuestros inicios, y viene a representar una de las múltiples vías en las que confluye la idea, [profundamente schmittiana](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/tierra-mar-katechon/), de la política de los grandes espacios. En este caso la idea de una Europa unida, bajo un vasto proyecto que traspasa los estrechos límites del continente concebido como un apéndice más del [«Occidente», de ese subproducto ideológico decadente y funcional a los intereses del otro lado del Atlántico](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/presentacion-despues-virus-boris-nad/). Para comprender la idea de una Europa unida, que comprenda a Rusia, y su enorme extensión territorial a lo largo de 17 millones de kilómetros cuadrados, y la importancia estratégica de su ubicación, es necesario recurrir al legado de **Jean Thiriart**, conocer su obra, pero también al hombre, pues una no se comprende sin el otro, en este caso hablamos de elementos correlativos. || |:-:| |Jean Thiriart (1922-1992)| ¿Pero quién fue Jean Thiriart? Esta obra nos permite adentrarnos en aspectos biográficos, algunos de ellos poco conocidos para el gran público de habla hispana, y saber de su trayectoria, de la maduración de sus ideas, de su proyecto político y de las etapas que componen el desarrollo del mismo y que aparecen claramente diferenciadas: hablamos del proyecto político de unidad europea, que alcanza su concreción teórica en *¡Arriba Europa!: Una Europa unida: un imperio de 400 millones de hombres* (1965, Editorial Mateu, Barcelona), en pleno apogeo de la organización *Jeune Europe*, que se convirtió en el órgano político a partir del cual creyó poder implementar su proyecto unitario a escala europeo, manteniendo una posición de independencia respecto a los dos pretendidos bloques antagónicos de Guerra Fría: Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética. En esa época, estamos hablando del ecuador de los años 60, [todo el mundo de la Contracultura](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/mito-contracultura/), falsamente contestatario, estaba articulando su propio discurso, que tendría su expresión más nítida a través del ya conocido Mayo del 68 francés o la Primavera de Praga, durante el mismo año. Y si el movimiento de Nueva Derecha liderado por **Alain de Benoist** surgiría en lo sucesivo, ya en la década de los años 70, como una «reacción» frente a la «rebelión contracultural», no podemos obviar la importancia de un movimiento político como *Jeune Europe*, una organización política transnacional, a escala de la Europa occidental, con sus diferentes delegaciones en países como Francia, Italia, Alemania, la propia España además de, como es obvio, Bélgica, país de origen de nuestro autor. Jean Thiriart ha sido etiquetado con reiteración como un político y teórico de «extrema derecha», se han hecho numerosos discursos interesados para vincularlo, por cuestiones de orden biográfico muy circunscritas a determinado periodo, con el fascismo y el nacionalsocialismo de entreguerras. Sin embargo, y como el lector podrá descubrir a lo largo de la presente obra, el pensamiento de nuestro autor está muy lejos de ser reducible a meras etiquetas, y en ningún caso mostró las filiaciones que se le atribuyen desde posicionamientos ideológicos, sino que, muy al contrario, vemos a un hombre de pensamiento racional y pragmático, poderosamente influenciado por la geopolítica y abierto a alianzas estratégicas más variadas, más allá de todo fundamentalismo ideológico. Es por este motivo que veremos a un Thiriart buscando sinergias y entendimiento entre círculos de izquierdas, antiimperialistas en una lucha concebida como «cuatricontinental». No en vano, muchos de los cuadros políticos que se formaron en *Giovane Europa*, la rama italiana, terminaron por militar incluso en organizaciones de extrema izquierda de inspiración maoísta. En el caso de España hubo un notable apoyo a la organización por parte de los falangistas más disidentes. De manera que Jean Thiriart representa una figura política compleja, con influencias variadas, que van desde los hermanos **Strasser**, pasando por **Ernst Niekish** o **Vilfredo Pareto**, e incluso, por **Sieyès** o **Robespierre**. Es a partir de *Jeune Europe* cuando el nacionalismo europeo, la idea de una Europa unida desde Brest a Bucarest toma cuerpo. En la obra mencionada con anterioridad (*¡Arriba Europa!: Una Europa unida: un imperio de 400 millones de hombres*) Jean Thiriart ya nos presenta a través de unos trazos muy definidos el proyecto del comunitarismo nacional-europeo, la piedra angular de su proyecto político. La idea de un socialismo aristocrático y europeo, trascendiendo las fronteras del Estado-nación liberal decimonónico, y los particularismos nacionales, concebidos como formas obsoletas y «estrechas de miras», obstáculos a superar en la convergencia del Imperio europeo. Porque vemos a un Thiriart que potencia la estructura del Estado, del aparato de poder, tratando de potenciar, y restaurar naturalmente, el papel y la preponderancia de Europa como espacio de civilización en el mundo. Es un nacionalismo europeo que viene determinado por razones puramente geopolíticas, algo que también fue objeto de críticas, concretamente por parte del geopolítico austriaco **Heinrich von Lohausen**, y que también recogemos en el presente volúmen de la obra. || |:-:| |Ejemplar de una de las publicaciones más importantes de Joven Europa (Jeune Europe) cuya portada refleja el antiamericanismo y antiimperialismo característicos del nacionalismo europeo de la organización.| En este sentido, Thiriart no andaba nada desencaminado, en la medida que pensaba que solo los Estados de dimensiones continentales podrían ser capaces de defender su independencia y soberanía, y ejercer un poder en el mundo, frente a los antiguos nacionalismos europeos, totalmente anacrónicos y un factor de ruptura y desintegración del potencial europeo. En este contexto, se hace necesario eliminar el orden establecido en Yalta en 1945, que convierte a Europa en un vasallo de las grandes potencias vencedoras de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. De modo que luchar contra la ocupación estadounidense por un lado, y soviética por otro lado, fuese el principal *leitmotiv* del Partido Revolucionario Europeo, un partido histórico señala Thiriart, encargado de llevar a término la acción unificadora continental. Y es con este propósito con el que se tratan de concertar una serie de alianzas internacionales que llevó a Thiriart y su organización a tratar con personal diplomático y gubernamental de los países árabes no alineados, del régimen de **Fidel Castro** o incluso con emisarios del gobierno chino, como ocurrió en el famoso encuentro propiciado por **Ceaucescu** en Bucarest con **Zhou En-Lai**. Quizás, uno de los puntos donde más desacuerdos encontramos con las teorías thiriartianas se encuentra en ciertos fundamentos que la articulan, en un modelo racionalista, materialista y pragmático, de hecho no debemos olvidar que **Maquiavelo** era uno de sus referentes, y con éste la posterior hornada de autores neomaquiavélicos como Vilfredo Pareto. El excesivo pragmatismo de sus planteamientos, un estatalismo exacerbado y sin concesiones a las particularidades de los pueblos, una suerte de centralismo jacobino, y la ausencia de un elemento trascendente capaz de dar una justificación metafísica a todo el proyecto nacional europeo constituyen, en nuestra opinión, una parte discutible y reformulable. En otro terreno, como pueda ser el puramente económico, encontramos un proyecto anticapitalista en muchos de sus aspectos, frente al democratismo parlamentario liberal, y apoyándose en las teorías económicas de **Johann G. Fichte** o **Friedrich List**, rechazando cualquier organización económica transnacional que pueda mediatizar o convertir a Europa en objeto de sus actividades usurocráticas y depredatorias, colocando la soberanía e independencia económica europea en una de las máximas prioridades en este terreno. Debemos destacar, porque es un elemento de debate especialmente interesante, el apartado del libro que se corresponde al escrito de **Luc Michel**, publicado en Italia bajo el título *Da Jeune Europe alle Brigate Rosse*, en el libro *Parte II Historia de Jeune Europe (1962-1969)*, en el que se detallan las colaboraciones que comenzaron a sucederse entre la militancia de la delegación italiana, *Giovane Europa*, y círculos de extrema izquierda maoísta, y cómo muchos de los antiguos militantes nacional-europeos terminaron militando en organizaciones de esta facción ideológica, y nos referimos a casos tan representativos en la época como **Claudio Orsoni** o **Pino Bolzano** entre otros muchos. La actividad proselitista de *Jeune Europe* en el último lustro de la década de los años 60, con la fundación del Partido Comunitario Europeo, nos legó una gran cantidad de publicaciones, entre las cuales destacaron *La Nation Européenne*, *La Nazione Europea* o *Europa Combattente*, cuyas portadas han servido para ilustrar las páginas interiores de nuestra obra, y que procuraron una actividad proselitista y de difusión de ideas que llegaron a imprimir semanal y mensualmente varios miles de ejemplares en Francia o en Italia. Tras agotar todas las vías posibles de alianzas y convergencias, con encuentros poco afortunados, vemos a un Thiriart que prefiere adoptar otras vías para seguir construyendo el proyecto nacional-europeo más allá de la fórmula activista y del partido político. Este es el motivo por el cual, en los siguientes años, ya en la última etapa de su vida, veremos esa transición del político activista al teórico y al ideólogo como parte de una nueva estrategia dentro del proyecto político al que consagró buena parte de su vida, y es un hecho que comienza a apreciarse desde mediados de los años 70. Durante esta época la «Europa de Brest a Bucarest» se transforma y amplía en una «Europa desde Dublín a Vladivostok». Thiriart aborda ya abiertamente la integración del espacio soviético en una Europa unida que abarca un inmenso espacio territorial, capaz de unir el Océano Atlántico y el Océano Pacífico de un extremo a otro, el «Imperio Eurosoviético». No obstante, Thiriart siempre piensa en términos geopolíticos, y considera que este proceso de integración debe llevarse a cabo desde una revisión de la ideología soviética, desde una marcada desmarxistización de su socialismo, purgado de todo dogmatismo y elementos condicionantes derivados de la teoría del Estado formulada por el marxismo-leninismo para tomar en su lugar aquella de **Thomas Hobbes**. A partir de este momento solamente hay un enemigo, el que representa el poder estadounidense y el dominio que éste ejerce sobre la Europa occidental. A partir de ese momento la URSS, bajo las premisas apuntadas por Thiriart, y desde una ideología soviética «desmarxistizada», es la que debe asumir el proyecto de integración europea. Todo este enfoque terminará conociendo su colofón final al final de la vida de Jean Thiriart, cuando éste se encuentre ya en sus último año de vida, en 1992, con una Unión Soviética ya periclitada y disuelta, con un país sumido en una crisis económica, política y social bajo el gobierno decadente de **Yeltsin**, con un poder notablemente menguado y a merced de las potencias extranjeras y las apetencias de las organizaciones financieras transnacionales. En este contexto tendrá lugar el conocido viaje de Jean Thiriart a Moscú, donde se encontrará, además de con la disidencia de Yeltsin, encabezada por el Partido Comunista dirigido por **Gennadij Ziuganov** y numerosas personalidades públicas del ámbito ruso, entre las que destacará por encima de todos el filósofo y politólogo **Aleksandr Duguin**, quien en la presente obra también reivindica la figura del belga como un contribuidor directo del [pensamiento euroasiático](https://amzn.to/3FsF3Lr). Además de medios de prensa, políticos e intelectuales rusos, nuestro autor también compartirá espacio con una pequeña delegación de la revista italiana «Orion», especializada en temática geopolítica, y representada por el padre de la geopolítica italiana, Carlo Terracciano. El encuentro no tendrá mayores consecuencias, y vendrá a significar el último acto de servicio de Jean Thiriart en su denodado esfuerzo por lograr la integración de Europa y Rusia en un poderoso bloque geopolítico capaz de hacer frente a la hegemonía estadounidense en el mundo. Terminaremos este breve y sintético escrito de presentación con un fragmento de la obra que Jean Thiriart publicó en 1965 bajo el título *¡Arriba Europa!: Una Europa unida: un imperio de 400 millones de hombres*, que nos parece de lo más adecuado para poner el punto final al presente texto: > Europa, este **MILAGRO** en la historia del hombre, este milagro que siguió al milagro griego, ha dado vida, con la prodigiosa fecundidad de su civilización irrepetible, a una cultura adoptada por el mundo entero. En la competencia surgida entre las grandes civilizaciones —occidental, india, china y japonesa— la nuestra ha aplastado a las demás. > > La **civilización** es creadora de cultura. La cultura, en cambio, jamás ha creado civilización. > > **SOLO** Europa posee la civilización; de ahí deriva su supremacía sobre los Estados Unidos y la Rusia comunista, que poseen únicamente la cultura nacida de nuestra civilización, como ha demostrado magistralmente Oswald Spengler. > > Esta cultura, separada de su civilización, está condenada a la esterilidad, la cual se manifestará primero mediante una esclerosis y, posteriormente, mediante un retorno a la barbarie. > > Políticamente dominada por Moscú o por Washington, la civilización europea se ve asfixiada y corre el riesgo de estancarse en su estado de simple cultura. Basta notar que todos los descubrimientos en el campo nuclear y astronáutico son obra de europeos. Todos buscan a los científicos europeos. > > Solo una Europa políticamente unida puede proveer los medios de poder que garantizarán las condiciones históricas indispensables para la supervivencia de esta civilización. > > Ninguna otra potencia, por otra parte, podría sustituir a Europa en su misión hacia la humanidad. --- **Artículo original**: Hipérbola Janus, [_Presentación de «Jean Thiriart, el caballero euroasiático y la Joven Europa», de Pietro Missiaggia_](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/posts/presentacion-thiriart-missiaggia/) [**(TOR)**](http://hiperbolam7t46pbl2fiqzaarcmw6injdru4nh2pwuhrkoub3263mpad.onion/posts/presentacion-thiriart-missiaggia/), 18/Mar/2025

@ 52524fbb:ae4025dc

 To most of us it's all about the sound of freedom, the innovation, it's technical implication, what if feels like in a decentralised environment. Now let's head into that which brings our fantasies to reality, Nostr which stands for "Notes and other stuffs Transmitted by Relays", is an open protocol designed for decentralised social networking ##Nost most Amazing Features:## 1. Decentralisation: compared to traditional social media platforms like like Twitter (X) and Instagram that rely on centralised servers, Nostr operates through a network of relays. These relays serves as servers that store and forward messages. This amazing feature of decentralisation aims to make the network completely resistant to censorship, most people would say how? To answer your question it's because no single individual control's it 2. User Control: ever thought of the purest feeling of freedom, well Nostr just gave you the space to experience. User's have total control over their data and identity. 3. Simplicity: why get stressed when Nostr got you covered? This protocol is designed to be relatively simple, making it easier for developers to build applications on top of it.  ## Nostr Relation to Bitcoin## Who wouldn't want to be part of a community that embraces it's ethics in a dignified manner. Nostr has gained popularity within the Bitcoin community, and the Bitcoin Lightning Network is used for features like "Zaps" (which represents small payments or tips). There are also similarities in the philosophy of decentralization, that both bitcoin and Nostr share. Just like the saying goes, birds of the same feather flock together. This leads me to one of the best magnificent project, focused on building decentralisation media infrastructure, particularly within the Nostr ecosystem.  ## Yakihonne the future of the world## YakiHonne is an amazing project focused on building decentralized media infrastructure, particularly within the Nostr ecosystem. It's mind blowing features includes: 1. Decentralized Media: YakiHonne aims to provide tools and platforms that support freedom and automation in content creation, curation, article writing and reporting. It leverages the decentralized nature of the Nostr protocol to achieve this amazing feat. 2. Nostr and Bitcoin Integration: YakiHonne is closely tied to the Nostr network, and it also incorporates Bitcoin functionality. This integration includes features related to the Lightning Network, enabling things like "zaps" (small Bitcoin payments) within the platform. 3. Mobile Application: YakiHonne offers a mobile application with an eye catching user interface simply designed to provide users with a smooth and intuitive Nostr experience. This app includes features like: -Support for various login options. -Content curation tools. -Lightning Network integration. -Long form article support.  ## Disadvantages of Traditional social media## Lets go back to a world without the flute of freedom echoing in our hearts, where implementations are controlled by certain entities, reasons why traditional social media platforms hold not even a single stance compared to Nostr: 1. Privacy Concerns: Data Collection: Social media platforms collect vast amounts of user data, often without full transparency. This data can be used for targeted advertising, and sometimes, it can be compromised in data breaches. Which won't happen or be possible on yakihonne 2. Social Comparison and Low Self-Esteem: The over hyped and often unrealistic portrayals of life on social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. But on yakihonne you get to connect and grow with a community with specified goals bent on implementation 3.   Misinformation and Fake News: Spread of False Information: Social media platforms can be breeding grounds for misinformation and fake news, which can spread rapidly and have significant real-world consequences. Is that possible on yakihonne, well we all know the answer. 4. Centralized Control: Censorship: Centralized platforms have the power to censor content, raising concerns about freedom of speech. Algorithm Bias: Algorithms can be biased, leading to unfair or discriminatory outcomes. This tells us why a decentralised media platform like yakihonne stands out to be the only media with a future.  ##Why Chose Nostr why chose yakihonne## When considering Nostr and related projects like YakiHonne, the appeal stems largely from a desire for greater control, privacy, and freedom in online communication. Which from the points aligned above, gives us no second chance of thought, but the thought of being part of the Nostr community, active on a platform like yakihonne.

@ bcbb3e40:a494e501

|[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/esoterismo-berard-fata/)| |:-:| |[BÉRARD, Bruno y LA FATA, Aldo; _¿Qué es el esoterismo?: Entre verdades y falsificacioines_; Hipérbola Janus, 2025](https://hiperbolajanus.com/libros/esoterismo-berard-fata/)| Nos complace presentar al lector en lengua española una novedad de primer orden, y sobre un tema que viene siendo objeto de interés por parte de nuestra línea editorial, como es el esoterismo, que hemos abordado recientemente a través de un nuevo recopilatorio de la obra evoliana en [*Ensayos filosóficos, esotéricos y religiosos 1925-1931*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/presentacion-ensayos-filosoficos-evola/), donde hemos tratado de rescatar los textos de las primeras etapas en la formulación del pensamiento del Maestro Romano. No obstante, no es la primera aventura que hemos emprendido en este terreno, siempre complejo y acompañado de la etiqueta, popular y quizás vulgarizada, de lo «misterioso» y lo «oculto», aunque no somos nada sospechosos en ese sentido por banalizar o tratar de ofrecer un enfoque puramente literario del asunto, y ni mucho menos de simpatizar con aquellas vías que entroncan con el *New age*, donde las mixtificaciones y la voluntad de convertir el fenómeno esotérico en un producto de consumo más, como demanda el mercado, para satisfacer demandas materiales o simples modas de una masa sobresocializada son norma habitual. Podríamos citar multitud de obras que están presentes en nuestro catálogo, como son [*El pensamiento esotérico de Leonardo*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/presentacion-pensamiento-esoterico-leonardo-paul-vulliaud/), de **Paul Vulliaud**, [*El mundo mágico de los héroes*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/mundo-magico-heroes-cesare-riviera/), de **Cesare della Riviera**, una joya del esoterismo italiano del siglo XVII, en [*El maestro de la tradición perenne*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/rene-guenon-maestro-tradicion-perenne/), de **René Guénon**, o en el ensayo de **Gianluca Marletta** [*OVNIS y alienígenas. Origen, historia y prodigio de una pseudorreligión*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/ovnis-alienigenas-gianluca-marletta/), un ensayo de notable originalidad donde se abordan aspectos esotéricos, aunque sea de un modo más tangencial. También en la literatura, con la obra del gran mitólogo y literato **Boris Nad**, [*Una historia de Agartha*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/historia-agartha-boris-nad/) y [*La muerte púrpura*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/gustav-meyrink/) de **Gustav Meyrink** encontramos nuevas referencias al ámbito esotérico. De modo que podemos concluir en que el esoterismo forma parte esencial de nuestras publicaciones e intereses como editores, y contribuimos activamente a su difusión. |[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/ensayos-filosoficos-esotericos-religiosos-evola/)| |:-:| |[EVOLA, Julius; _Ensayos filosóficos, esotéricos y religiosos: 1925-1931_, Hiperbola Janus, 2024](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/ensayos-filosoficos-esotericos-religiosos-evola/)| # Una obra original Por eso la presente obra, la que nos disponemos a presentar, cuyo título es *¿Qué es el esoterismo?: Entre verdades y falsificaciones*, de **Bruno Bérard** y **Aldo La Fata**, viene a ser una obra muy necesaria y clarificadora en la comprensión del esoterismo en todas sus dimensiones, en la complejidad de sus particulares, y en sus múltiples manifestaciones. Quizás en el mundo de habla hispana el esoterismo es un fenómeno que no ha obtenido su merecida atención, y nuestros autores en este ámbito, como es el caso de un **Ramón Llull** entre otros, no sean objeto de la atención que merece, y las actividades esotéricas, a nivel de asociaciones, comunidades u otras formas de organización, tampoco sean especialmente conocidas, ni cuenten con una actividad reconocida. Es posible, como señala La Fata, que haya ciertas reticencias dentro del mundo católico, acostumbrado a la ortodoxia y la guía espiritual de la Iglesia, y que cualquier tipo de «desviación» hacia formas más individuales y «libres» de vivir ciertas formas iniciáticas, mucho más sutiles, provoquen el rechazo y la incomprensión general. No obstante, como también se encargan de aclarar nuestros autores, el esoterismo comprende una dimensión diferenciada, implica un esfuerzo que no todos están dispuestos a acometer, y finalmente, no es tampoco un camino de felicidad y de frutos seguros, implica una transformación interior y la asunción de unas prácticas y procedimientos que no son aptos para cualquiera. Digamos que el esoterismo es un camino, una vía, que a diferencia de las «religiones populares», exotéricas, supone un arduo camino que viene marcado por un principio vertical y aristocrático de la existencia, o al menos así queremos verlo nosotros. El incremento de la capacidad de discernimiento, aunar lo visible con lo invisible, y ser capaz de superar límites vedados al común, no por simple vanidad ni por «crecimiento personal», tal y como se concibe en las aburguesadas y decadentes sociedades actuales, sino como parte de un proceso de aprendizaje, de autoconocimiento y de liberación. No nos cabe duda alguna de la necesidad de restaurar los antiguos vínculos con lo Alto, las vías que quedaron cerradas y que nos han limitado progresivamente al exclusivo y estrecho ámbito de la materialidad. |[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/mundo-magico-heroes-cesare-riviera/)| |:-:| |[RIVIERA, Cesare della; _El mundo mágico de los héroes_; Hipérbola Janus, 2022](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/mundo-magico-heroes-cesare-riviera/)| La obra emplea el recurso de la entrevista/diálogo, que aporta frescura y fluidez al texto «simplificando», o más bien haciendo más accesibles y comprensibles elementos relacionados con el esoterismo, que de otro modo resultarían excesivamente complejos para una parte del público lector poco familiarizado con la materia. Este dinamismo se ve complementado por la riqueza de matices e ideas que se van introduciendo de manera progresiva, evitando que el lector pueda verse abrumado por la avalancha de ideas y contenidos. Las preguntas de Bruno Bérard, siempre inteligentes, incisivas y pertinentes, además de ordenadas y bien estructuradas, favorecen la continuidad y el dinamismo en la exposición de los temas, ejerciendo de guía en la conversación. De ahí que el libro sea apto para diferentes niveles, tanto para aquellos que desconocen el esoterismo, como para quienes se encuentran familiarizados con el tema. Aldo La Fata, de acuerdo con su dilatada y extensa trayectoria en la materia, nos hace reflexiones teóricas de enorme valor, que entrelaza con su propia experiencia y trayectoria en el estudio del esoterismo. Sin lugar a dudas este aspecto nos permite ver una vertiente más humana e íntima, en la que se incluyen anécdotas personales y biográficas que siempre permiten una mayor conexión con el lector a través de la mezcla de hechos vitales y erudición teórica. La entrevista que nos ofrecen Bruno Bérard y Aldo La Fata nos permite explorar la relación dialéctica que se genera entre el esoterismo y otros ámbitos como la religión, la ciencia o la filosofía. Todas las cuestiones se abordan desde enfoques muy concretos, abordando problemáticas particulares, que dan lugar a reflexiones más amplias evitando las simplificaciones e invitando a reflexiones mucho más profundas. De ahí la función de introducción y guía a la que nos venimos refiriendo. Estos aspectos que acabamos de enumerar con anterioridad revelan un notable esfuerzo pedagógico por parte de los autores para acercarnos al estudio del esoterismo, nos aporta las herramientas necesarias, parafraseando el título de la obra, para discernir entre un verdadero esoterismo y sus falsificaciones. Más allá de estos aspectos formales, que consideramos que es importante destacar, porque en ellos reside el éxito de la obra, en un planteamiento que resulta original, a la par que ameno y de gran interés, debemos considerar otros aspectos que hacen más referencia al contenido. *«¿Qué es el esoterismo? Entre verdades y falsificaciones»* pretende, como decíamos, clarificar qué es el esoterismo, cuales son sus particulares, sus características y atributos, su naturaleza más íntima, como fenómeno espiritual y filosófico en sus aspectos más profundos, que podemos remontar a épocas muy remotas y lejanas en el tiempo. Pero el esoterismo aparece en ocasiones fuertemente imbricado en otras estructuras de pensamiento, de tipo tradicional, como son las grandes religiones (Cristianismo, Islam, Judaísmo etc) y otros conceptos como la mística y la metafísica, cuyas relaciones hay que desentrañar. # La importancia de René Guénon Aldo La Fata nos libera desde el principio de posibles equívocos al enfatizar que el verdadero esoterismo no es una simple acumulación de conocimientos secretos o rituales exóticos, sino una vía de trascendencia espiritual basada en el rigor y la autenticidad. A este respecto [René Guénon aparece como uno de los grandes esoteristas de nuestro tiempo](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/rene-guenon-y-la-civilizacion-occidental/), en la medida que fue el gran intérprete y codificador de estos conocimientos, una figura que marcó un antes y un después en la comprensión de este ámbito, especialmente por su rigor conceptual y su capacidad para distinguir entre lo auténtico y lo falso en las tradiciones espirituales. A tal respecto podemos poner como ejemplo sus contundentes análisis de las corrientes ocultistas, especialmente del espiritismo o del teosofismo, en diferentes obras. Podemos decir a este respecto que Guénon hizo una distinción entre esoterismo y ocultismo, disociando el significado del primero de prácticas superficiales y desviadas, mientras que definió el esoterismo como una vía de conocimiento sagrado y trascendente. En este sentido fue una labor fundamental para evitar confusiones con mixtificaciones modernas y pseudoesoterismos como [aquellos relacionados con el *New Age*](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/nom-magos-negros/). |[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/maestro-tradicion-rene-guenon/)| |:-:| |[GUÉNON, René; _El Maestro de la Tradición Perenne: Antología de artículos guenonianos_; Hipérbola Janus, 2021](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/maestro-tradicion-rene-guenon/)| Paralelamente, y con ello queremos dignificar la figura de René Guénon, el tradicionalista francés también nos abrió las fuentes de un vasto conocimiento espiritual, expresión de una «Tradición primordial», a cuyos orígenes prístinos siempre deberíamos aspirar, y [cuya impronta impregna por completo religiones, culturas y formas de civilización no modernas](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/el-reino-de-la-cantidad-y-los-signos-de/), claro está. Y otro elemento fundamental, y que en la presente obra se considera de vital importancia, es que René Guénon considera el esoterismo no como una vía interna propia de la religión, sino como una vía complementaria que permite acceder a la esencia divina más allá de las formas externas. Para Aldo La Fata no se trata de una mera referencia intelectual, sino una figura que marcó su propio rumbo dentro del estudio del esoterismo. A través de obras como *Los símbolos de la ciencia sagrada*, La Fata descubrió la profundidad y la coherencia del pensamiento guenoniano, así como la idea de que el esoterismo actúa como el «pegamento» que conecta todas las tradiciones espirituales. Esta visión le permitió entender el esoterismo como algo inseparable de la religión, aunque con una profundidad y una exigencia mayores. # ¿Qué es el esoterismo? El término esoterismo tiene sus raíces etimológicas en el griego *esôterikos*, que implica un «ir hacia dentro» y que se contrapone a una variante exterior que definimos como «exoterismo», que se encuentra más vinculado al ámbito de la religión. Se trata de un conocimiento que no atiende a un principio puramente intelectual y discursivo sino que apunta a una vivencia directa y sapiencial de lo trascendente. Lejos de la acumulación de saberes ocultos y rituales, lo que prima en la experiencia de lo esotérico es la conexión directa con lo trascendente y lo divino a través de la práctica espiritual. De hecho hay tres aspectos que nuestros autores destacan a lo largo de la obra respecto al esoterismo, y que nos parecen fundamentales: - **Interioridad**: Supone un movimiento continuo hacia el interior, de exploración e introspección, en el que se tratan de derribar límites y obstáculos. Atendiendo a un dinamismo que huye de lo fijo y de lo estático. - **Profundización**: La búsqueda de significados más profundos tras la realidad cotidiana, buscando ir más allá de la pura exterioridad de las cosas - **Relación con el exoterismo**: Podemos considerarlo opuesto en sentido relativo al esoterismo, como una dimensión más externa y visible de las religiones, aunque este último (el esoterismo), no puede sobrevivir sin el apoyo de una tradición religiosa. En relación al último punto debemos destacar, como advierten Bérard y La Fata, que pese a todo no podemos entender el esoterismo como una parte de las religiones, sino que tiene su propia función y objetivos, que no es otro que el que ya hemos mencionado con anterioridad: establecer una conexión directa con la verdad que irradia del principio universal y divino. |[](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/pensamiento_esoterico_leonardo_vinci_paul_vulliaud/)| |:-:| |[VULLIAUD, Paul; _El pensamiento esotérico de Leonardo da Vinci_; Hipérbola Janus, 2024](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/libros/pensamiento_esoterico_leonardo_vinci_paul_vulliaud/)| Otro aspecto interesante de la obra es el que nos habla de [las relaciones entre esoterismo y metafísica](https://hiperbolajanus.com/libros/metapolitica-tradicion-modernidad-julius-evola/), en el que el primero pretende ser también una vía de acceso al dominio del segundo. El esoterismo, como ya hemos visto, tiene como principal propósito trascender las categorías del mundo material para proyectarse en lo universal, y en este sentido comparte también objetivos con la metafísica, que pretende superar las limitaciones de la experiencia humana ordinaria y de acceder a las verdades primordiales que estructuran la realidad. Ambos apuntan a la raíz de todo lo existente, al absoluto. Las divergencias las hallamos en la forma o en el método para alcanzar estas verdades trascendentes, que en el caso del esoterismo nos remiten a símbolos, rituales y experiencias vivenciales que permiten al practicante interiorizar verdades universales. De este modo, esoterismo y metafísica se nos presentan como realidades no opuestas, sino complementarias. La metafísica nos ofrece un marco conceptual y doctrinal para entender lo absoluto, mientras que el esoterismo se centra en su realización interna. En términos guenonianos, el esoterismo representa los aspectos operativos de la metafísica. De modo que podemos decir que la metafísica aborda el tema trascendente desde una perspectiva conceptual, sin esa parte vivida de la experiencia en el conocimiento de lo universal. El esoterismo, por su parte, aporta esa contraparte que nos remite a la experiencia humana que permite al individuo acceder o ponerse en conexión con lo divino a través de su propio ser, de manera directa y vívida. Es un camino que el sujeto individual emprende para lograr una transformación interior. Paralelamente, no podemos obviar dentro de todos estos procesos la participación de un elemento fundamental, como es la intuición suprarracional, que podríamos considerar como la herramienta que conecta al esoterista directamente con la fuente del conocimiento trascendente y universal, en lugar de hacerlo directamente a través de teorías o conceptos que siempre resultan más abstractos y difíciles de comprender en su vertiente más «discursiva». Al mismo tiempo, las relaciones que se establecen entre esoterismo y metafísica nos permiten poner en contacto las tradiciones religiosas con el conocimiento universal. Según La Fata, inspirándose en el legado de la obra de Frithjoff Schuon, cada tradición espiritual tiene una dimensión metafísica que puede ser comprendida y realizada a través del esoterismo, como un medio para acceder a la esencia inmutable de todas las formas religiosas. Otro aspecto que esoterismo y metafísica comparten es la meta de superar la dualidad entre sujeto y objeto: Mientras que la metafísica conceptualiza esta unión como una verdad última, el esoterismo busca experimentarla directamente a través de la contemplación, el símbolo y la práctica espiritual. # Los autores || |:-:| |Aldo La Fata| Aldo La Fata (1964) es un estudioso del esoterismo, el simbolismo y la mística religiosa, con una trayectoria de varias décadas dedicada al análisis y divulgación de estas disciplinas. Ha sido jefe de redacción de la revista *Metapolitica*, fundada por **Silvano Panunzio**, y actualmente dirige *Il Corriere Metapolitico*. Su trabajo destaca por una aproximación rigurosa y una mirada crítica a las corrientes contemporáneas del esoterismo, rescatando su sentido más profundo y tradicional. Entre sus obras más relevantes se encuentran *Silvano Panunzio: vita e pensiero* (2021) y *Nella luce dei libri* (2022), donde explora la intersección entre espiritualidad, simbolismo y pensamiento tradicional. || |:-:| |Bruno Bérard| Bruno Bérard (1958), es doctor en Religiones y Sistemas de Pensamiento por la École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), es un destacado especialista en metafísica. Autor de múltiples ensayos, ha desarrollado una profunda reflexión sobre la naturaleza del conocimiento espiritual y su relación con las tradiciones religiosas. Algunas de sus obras más importantes, traducidas a diversas lenguas, incluyen A *Metaphysics of the Christian Mystery* (2018) y *Métaphysique du paradoxe* (2019). Actualmente, dirige la colección *Métaphysique au quotidien* en la editorial L’Harmattan de París, consolidándose como una referencia en el estudio de la metafísica contemporánea. En *¿Qué es el esoterismo?: Entre verdades y falsificaciones*, asistimos a una presentación del tema tratado desde un conocimiento profundo y dilatado del tema, en la que ambos autores combinan la experiencia y el conocimiento que atesoran sobre el esoterismo y otros temas anejos, ofreciéndonos sus interpretaciones y enfoques particulares, y al mismo tiempo mostrando una gran capacidad de síntesis en la exposición de los temas tratados, que se inscriben en una multitud de tradiciones religiosas y espirituales de enorme complejidad. En este último punto reside también gran parte del valor de la obra, que constituye una novedad editorial especialmente relevante en su ámbito en lengua hispana. --- **Artículo original**: Hipérbola Janus, [_Presentación de «¿Qué es el esoterismo?: Entre verdades y falsificaciones»_](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/posts/presentacion-esoterismo-berard-lafata/) [**(TOR)**](http://hiperbolam7t46pbl2fiqzaarcmw6injdru4nh2pwuhrkoub3263mpad.onion/posts/presentacion-esoterismo-berard-lafata/), 6/Feb/2025

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Traducción por Francisco de la Torre. || |:-:| |Los representantes de la derecha sionista europea que forman parte de «Patriots» reunidos en Bruselas el pasado mes de diciembre de 2024.| Entre los efectos que probablemente producirá en Europa la nueva administración estadounidense, es previsible [el fortalecimiento del ala derecha del colaboracionismo atlantista](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/mos-maiorum-8/) que, después de haberse posicionado decididamente a favor de Donald Trump durante su presidencia 2017-2021, en el transcurso de la administración Biden abogó fervientemente por su regreso a la Casa Blanca y acogió su victoria electoral con gran júbilo. A finales de octubre de 2024, en el grandioso [mitin preelectoral a favor de Trump](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/adios-woke-que-viene-ahora/) celebrado en el Madison Square Garden de Nueva York, asistió una representante del grupo parlamentario europeo *Patriots for Europe*, que viajó a Estados Unidos para esa ocasión especial. En un vídeo publicado en la página X (antes twitter) de los *Patriots*, varios eurodiputados del mencionado grupo expresaron su identidad con los puntos de vista de Trump y auspiciando su reelección: el austriaco Harald Vilimsky (*Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs*), el checo Ondrej Knotek (*Año 2011*) el español Jorge Buxade (*Vox*), el holandés Tom Vandendriesche (*Vlaams Belang*), la polaca Anna Bryłka (*Ruch Narodowy*) y, por Hungría, Tamás Deutsch (*Fidesz*). Este último es, sin duda, la personalidad más eminente del grupo de los *Patriots* que viajaron a Nueva York: originario de una familia judía de Budapest, en 1988 Tamás Deutsch junto con Viktor Orbán están entre los fundadores de *Fidesz* —*Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége* (Alianza de los jóvenes demócratas), en la que ocupó el cargo de vicepresidente. El *Fidesz* ha tejido durante mucho tiempo una red de lazos con el Partido Republicano de los Estados Unidos y con el think tank conservador *Heritage Foundation*, mientras que el gobierno de Viktor Orbán organizó las tres últimas ediciones anuales de la CPAC en Hungría (*Conservative Political Action Conference*), un encuentro de políticos de derechas de varios países[^1]. *Patriots for Europe* o *Patriots.eu*, denominación que recuerda al de los misiles aire-tierra estadounidenses (el *MIM-104 Patriots*), es, por tanto, el nombre oficial del grupo político de la derecha liberal-conservadora, populista y euroescéptica, nacido en julio de 2024 (primero como alianza y luego como grupo parlamentario europeo) por iniciativa del primer ministro húngaro Viktor Orbán, el exprimer ministro checo Andrej Babiŝ y del exministro del interior austriaco Herbert Kickl. Como representantes de sus respectivos partidos (*Fidesz*, *Año 2011*, *Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs*), Orbán, Babiŝ y Kickl firmaron un texto ideológico titulado: *A Patriotic Manifesto for a European Future*[^2], según la cual la única política europea legítima es aquella que, enraizada en la pluralidad de las diferentes naciones, proteja su herencia grecorromana-judeocristiana preservando su identidad, tradiciones y costumbres. Al núcleo inicial de los *Patriots* se unió el partido portugués *¡Arriva!* (*¡Chega!*), el Partido húngaro Popular Demócrata Cristiano (*Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt*), el partido español *Vox*, el Partido por la Libertad (*Partij voor de Vrijheid*) holandés, el Partido Popular Danés (*Dansk Folkeparti*), el interés Flamenco (*Vlaams Belang*), la Reunión Nacional (*Rassemblement National*) francés y, por Italia, la Liga para Primer Ministro Salvini. Constituido formalmente, el grupo parlamentario recibió una posterior adhesión del diputado griego de *Voz de la Razón* (*Foní Logikis*), del diputado de *Primero Letonia* (*Letvija pirmajâ prohibir*), de los dos diputados del Movimiento Nacional polaco (*Ruch Narodowy*) y de los dos diputados checos del Juramento (*Přísaha*) y de los Automovilistas por sí mismos (*Motoristé sollozoê*). Presidente del grupo parlamentario *Patriots.eu*, que cuenta con un total de ochenta y seis diputados[^3], es Jordan Bardella, presidente de la *Rassemblement National*; pero la personalidad más notable y prestigiosa de los *Patriots* es, sin duda, el primer ministro húngaro Viktor Orbán. En cuanto a la línea de política exterior seguida por Viktor Orbán, cabe recordar que fue durante su primer mandato, en 1989, cuando Hungría se unió a la OTAN junto con la República Checa y Polonia. La pertenencia a la organización militar de la Alianza Atlántica implicó la participación húngara en la guerra de Kosovo en Yugoslavia, así como la contribución de Hungría en las misiones de la ISAF y en la guerra en Irak en apoyo de la intervención estadounidense. Por otro lado, no deja de ser significativo que en junio de 2011, durante la visita de Condoleezza Rice a Budapest, se inaugurara una estatua del presidente estadounidense Ronald Reagan en la céntrica Plaza de la Libertad (*Szabadság tér*). «Hoy —dijo Orbán en esa ocasión— erigimos aquí una estatua al hombre, al líder, que cambió y renovó este mundo [creando un nuevo mundo para nosotros en Europa Central](https://hiperbolajanus.com/posts/presentacion-despues-virus-boris-nad/), un hombre que creía en la libertad, en la fuerza moral de los hombres libres, y creía que los muros que obstruyen el camino a la libertad pueden ser derribados». En los años de la primera administración Trump, Orbán estableció una relación privilegiada con la Casa Blanca: en 2019 fue recibido calurosamente por el presidente estadounidense, quien [declaró su apoyo al «soberanismo» europeo,](https://hiperbolajanus.com/libros/mos-maiorum-7/) del que Orbán era ya el exponente más puntero. El primer ministro húngaro, que más tarde expresó varias veces la esperanza de volver a ver a Trump como líder de los Estados Unidos, se reunió con él de nuevo en Mar-a-Lago de Palm Beach en marzo de 2024 y al final de la visita escribió en una publicación: «¡Hacer que América vuelva a ser grande, señor presidente!»[^4]. El entendimiento entre Trump y Orbán fue favorecido por Benjamin Netanyahu, quien ha tenido una estrecha relación con el actual primer ministro húngaro desde 2005, cuando Orbán estaba en la oposición y Netanyahu era ministro de Finanzas. Esta relación, que Orbán ha utilizado para neutralizar las iniciativas hostiles de las ONG’s de Soros (quien financió a *Fidesz* desde 1992 a 1999), ha acentuado progresivamente la posición proisraelí de Budapest, hasta el punto que Hungría junto a Austria, Croacia y República Checa, se han alineado con Estados Unidos e Israel votando en contra de la resolución propuesta por la ONU para el alto el fuego en la Franja de Gaza. Cuando László Toroczkai, jefe del partido *Mi Hazánk* (Nuestra Patria), preguntó a Orbán en el Parlamento por qué Hungría había votado en contra, el primer ministro le respondió: «La política exterior es complicada, enfréntate solo si entiendes de lo que estamos hablando»[^5]. El presidente de *Patriots*, Jordan Bardella, no es menos pro-sionista. «Reconocer un Estado palestino significaría reconocer el terrorismo», dijo Bardella, quien antes de las elecciones francesas había asegurado que, si llegaba a ser primer ministro, sería «un escudo para los compatriotas judíos contra un islamismo que no solo quiere separar la República, sino conquistarla»[^6]. Por su parte, Marine Le Pen, madrina política de Bardella, declaró: «Es absolutamente legítimo que Israel quiera erradicar al grupo terrorista armado Hamas y que se dote de medios para hacerlo»[^7]. En cuanto a la Liga de Salvini como primer ministro, sus posiciones pro-trumpistas y pro-sionistas siempre se han caracterizado por un extremismo descarado. «Nunca he ocultado —dijo Salvini antes de las elecciones estadounidenses— mi esperanza en una victoria republicana, por mil razones (...) hablamos [con Trump] a más tardar hace unas semanas. Nunca he ocultado mi simpatía humana y mi sintonía cultural»[^8]. Y sobre el genocidio en curso en Palestina, Salvini dijo: «Nuestros pensamientos están con el pueblo israelí (...) Recordar siempre el derecho de Israel a existir, a defenderse y a convivir finalmente en paz con sus pueblos vecinos, contra el horror del terrorismo islámico»[^9]. El 6 de octubre de 2024, al final de su discurso desde el escenario de Pontida, Salvini posó para una foto con los *Patriots* presentes en la manifestación de la Liga Norte: además de Viktor Orbán, estuvieron el holandés Geert Wilders, el portugués André Ventura, la austriaca Marlene Svazek, el español Antonio Fúster y el general Roberto Vannacci. Enviaron mensajes en vídeo de apoyo y solidaridad tanto Jordán Bardella en nombre de *Rassemblement national* como el ex-presidente brasileño Jair Bolsonaro. También Geert Wilders (*Partij voor de Vrijheid*), que en 2009 recibió el Premio Oriana Fallaci por producir un cortometraje de propaganda antiislámica, es conocido también por su extremismo prosionista. «Jerusalén, Judea y Samaria —en su opinión— son todas de Israel (...) La patria de los palestinos es el Reino de Jordania (...) Obama y Kerry deben dejar de criticar a Israel por los asentamientos. Judea y Samaria pertenecen a los israelíes»[^10]. En el programa de Wilders, «distinguiéndose durante dos décadas por su lucha contra la islamización —escribe complacido un sitio web sionista— está también el reconocimiento de Jerusalén como capital de Israel, con el traslado de la embajada holandesa»[^11]. André Ventura, presidente de *¡Chega!*, reiteró en Polonia la posición prosionista de su partido, declarando convencido: «Estamos con Israel y permaneceremos junto a Israel en esta batalla por los derechos humanos y la democracia»[^12]. A quienes lo comparan con Donald Trump y Jair Bolsonaro, André Ventura responde: «Estoy acostumbrado a estas comparaciones. Estas son las ideas en las que creo»[^13]. En cuanto a la guerra en Ucrania, el líder de la lista *¡Chega!* en las elecciones europeas, Antonio Tânger Corrêa, dijo que «la derrota de Ucrania sería la derrota de todo Occidente y de Portugal, en caso de extrema necesidad»[^14], enviarían a sus tropas. Marlene Svazek representó a la *Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs* en Pontida, cuyos «excelentes contactos»[^15] con la derecha israelí están garantizados por David Lasar, miembro del Consejo Nacional (*Nationalrat*) del partido austriaco. Lasar no es el único judío en el FPÖ: también es judío el ex-secretario general del partido y ex-parlamentario europeo Peter Sichrovsky, quien ha negado ser un agente del Mossad, pero ha admitido haber tenido «muchas reuniones con funcionarios israelís»[^16]. José Antonio Fúster es el nuevo presidente de *Vox* Madrid. El jefe del partido que lo representa, Santiago Abascal, encabezó una delegación a Israel en 2023 que se reunió con dos ministros de Tel Aviv. «Durante la visita, Abascal ha transmitido el apoyo y la solidaridad de España al Primer Ministro israelí Benjamin Netanyahu, y ha defendido la urgente necesidad de acabar con Hamas que, según Abascal, es un grupo terrorista que «encarna el mal absoluto»[^17]. Tras la reunión de la delegación de *Vox* con Netanyahu, el candidato electoral Jorge Buxadé Villalba afirmó que las acciones genocidas cometidas por el régimen sionista en la Franja de Gaza son «operaciones antiterroristas» que deben continuar «hasta que no quede ni un solo terrorista»[^18]. En cuanto a Roberto Vannacci, elegido diputado del Parlamento Europeo en las listas de la Liga por Salvini, su currículum vitae *patriot* puede jactarse de una participación activa en las operaciones de EE.UU. en Oriente Medio. El general comandó durante dos turnos (2005-2006) el *Special Forces Task Group* en Irak y fue el primer comandante de la *Task Force 45* en Afganistán en 2013, poco antes de la transición de la *International Security Assistance Force* a la *Resolute Support Mission*, Vannacci asumió el cargo de jefe del Estado Mayor de las fuerzas especiales de la OTAN, «una organización que ha garantizado la paz durante más de cincuenta años, una alianza política y militar que ha funcionado bien»[^19]. Habiendo prestado sus servicios a los Estados Unidos «para la estabilización de Irak»[^20] como *Deputy Commanding General* y *Director of Training*, el 21 de agosto de 2018, Vannacci fue galardonado con la *Legion of Merit*, la condecoración militar estadounidense creada por el presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt. Su consigna antes y después de la elección de Trump ha sido: «*Go, Donald, go!»*. [^1]: Cfr. C. Mutti, *Alla destra degli USA*, «Eurasia» 1/2023. [^2]: Después de la confluencia de los grupos de *Identity and Democracy* en el grupo de *Patriots*, se aprobó una nueva versión del manifiesto político. Véase [https://patriots.eu/manifesto](https://patriots.eu/manifesto) [^3]: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (Austria), 6; Vlaams Belang (Bélgica), 3; Dansk Folkeparti (Dinamarca), 1; Rassemblement National (Francia), 30; Foni Logikis (Grecia), 1; Fidesz - Magyar Polgári Szövetség (Hungría), 10; Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt (Hungría), 1; Liga para Salvini Premier (Italia), 8; Letvija primajâ vietâ (Letonia), 1; Partij voor de Vrijheid (Países Bajos), 6; Ruch Narodowy (Polonia), 2; ¡Chega! (Portugal), 2; ANO (República Checa), 7; Automovilistaé sobê (República Checa), 1; Přísaha (República Checa), 1; Vox (España), 6. [^4]: Angela Napoletano, *La «visita». Orbán incorona Trump: «Lui è il presidente della pace»*, avvenire.it, 9 marzo 2024. [^5]: András Dezsô, *The roots of Orbán’s strong bond with Israel and its PM*, [https://balkaninsight.com](https://balkaninsight.com), 14 de noviembre de 2023. [^6]: Bardella, «*riconoscere Palestina è riconoscere terrorismo*». «*Sarò uno scudo per i nostri connazionali ebrei*», ANSA, 26/6/2024. [^7]: Mauro Zanon, *Sorpresa, lo «scudo» degli ebrei in Francia è il partito della Le Pen*, [tempi.it](https://tempi.it/), 27 de octubre de 2023. [^8]: Stefano Baldolini, *Salvina punta su Trump: «Spero che vinca. Andrò negli Usa prima del voto». Tensioni con Meloni? «Governo durerà 5 anni»*, [repubblica.it](https://repubblica.it), 13 de julio de 2024. [^9]: Nova.News, 7 de octubre de 2024. [^10]: *Elezioni in Olanda, che è il sovranista Wilders: anti-Islam, contro l’Ue e sostenitore del Grande Israele*, [www.open.online](http://www.open.online), 23 de noviembre de 2023. [^11]: [www.informazionecorretta.com](http://www.informazionecorretta.com/), 26 de octubre de 2024. [^12]: [www.agenzianova.com](http://www.agenzianova.com), 6 de octubre de 2024. [^13]: *Especial: André Ventura. «Sou contra o aborto mas nunca condenaria uma mulher que aborta»*, «Jornal SOL», 12 de julio de 2022. [^14]: *Ventura admite tropas portuguesas na Ucrânia e tem uma posição clara sobre Putin*, «CNN Portugal», 11 de marzo de 2024. [^15]: Sophie Makris, *Austria’s Jews wary of far-right charm offensive*, [www.timeofisrael.com](http://www.timeofisrael.com), 3 de marzo de 2019. [^16]: Yossi Melman, *Sichrovsky Denies He Was a Mossad Agent*, [www.haaretz.com](http://www.haaretz.com), 3 de junio de 2005. [^17]: Fernando Heller, *Spagna: il leader di Vox pretende le scuse di Sánchez per aver messo in dubbio l’offensiva israeliana contro Hamas*, [https://euractiv.it](https://euractiv.it), 6 de diciembre de 2023. [^18]: *El ultraderechista Vox defiende los ataques de Israel en Gaza tras la polémica reunión con Netanyahu*, euronews, 29 de mayo de 2024. [^19]: Bruno Vespa, *Vannacci: «Dopo l’Ue tornerei nell’esercito»*, «La Verità», 30 de octubre de 2024, p. 7. [^20]: *Missione Iraq: Riconoscimento al Generale Roberto Vannacci,* en [www.difesa.it](http://www.difesa.it) , cit. en [www.wikipedia.org](http://www.wikipedia.org) --- **Artículo original**: Hipérbola Janus, [_Patriots_](https://www.hiperbolajanus.com/posts/patriots-mutti/) [**(TOR)**](http://hiperbolam7t46pbl2fiqzaarcmw6injdru4nh2pwuhrkoub3263mpad.onion/posts/patriots-mutti/), 9/Ene/2025

@ fe02e8ec:f07fbe0b

\ Und genau dafür wirst auch du gedrillt werden: Menschen zu jagen und töten. Unbekannte, die auch nicht wissen, was sie hier tun. Oder Unschuldige, die nicht rechtzeitig fliehen konnten. Einfach töten. Alle. Ohne zu fragen. Denn das ist deine Aufgabe, Soldat: **Töte Menschen!** Egal, was du vorher warst, Heizungsmonteur, KFZ-Mechaniker, Veganer, Marketing-Manager, Friseur, Verkäufer, Kindergärtner: Es ist egal. Jetzt musst du töten. Denn du hast mitgemacht. Entweder, weil du es nicht ernst genommen hast, weil du dich nie für Politik interessiert hast. Oder weil du gedacht hast, das alles betrifft dich nicht. Weil du gedacht hast, Wahlen könnten etwas verändern. Oder weil du immer das Maul gehalten hast, damit dich keiner als «Rechter» bezeichnet. Egal. Jetzt musst du töten. Das ist das Spiel. Ja, es ist ein Spiel. Grausam, abartig, menschenverachtend. Dennoch hat es Regeln: Diejenigen, die das Spiel beginnen, müssen niemals selbst auf das Schlachtfeld. Das ist die erste Regel. Ihre Söhne auch nicht, nicht die Söhne der anderen Politiker, nicht die der EU-Abgeordneten, nicht die der Parteibonzen. Auch nicht die der Banker, der Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Chefredakteure. Denn alle wissen, wie man das Spiel spielt. Nur du nicht. Du bist einfach eine Figur auf dem Spielfeld, die es verpasst hat, **NEIN zu sagen, als noch Gelegenheit war.** Jetzt bist du verwandelt worden in eine menschliche Drohne. Wenn sie sagen: töte!, dann tötest du. Denken kannst du, wenn alles vorbei ist. Falls du je wieder nach Hause kommst. Vielleicht sogar mit beiden Beinen und beiden Armen. Vielleicht auch nicht. Egal. Wer hätte Mitleid mit einer Spielfigur? Nein, du musst töten. Das ist deine Aufgabe. Sie sagen es nun schon seit Monaten, warum glaubst du es nicht? Sie meinen es ernst. Wenn du den Brief in Händen hältst ist es zu spät. Es gilt dann das Notstandsrecht und keiner kann mehr verweigern. Da hättest du dich vorher drum kümmern müssen. Oder auf eine Demo gehen. Oder laut und mit klarer Stimme in jedem Gespräch den Wahnsinn anprangern. Hast du aber nicht. **Jetzt musst du töten oder du wirst getötet.** Das ist das Spiel. Du hättest selbst denken können. Hast du aber nicht. Hast deine Zeit mit sinnlosen Videos vertan, Netflix geguckt und hast Influencerinnen geliked. Die müssen nicht an die Front. Aber du. Morgen, wenn du aufstehst, die Uniform anziehst und rausgehst, dann wirst du Befehle ausführen oder erschossen werden. Also wirst du Menschen töten. Dein Leben wird nie wieder so sein, wie zuvor. **Dein Schmerz, deine Schuld, dein Leid**: sie gehen ein in die unendliche Reihe der Soldaten, die seit Jahrhunderten dasselbe Schicksal erlitten. Deren Schreie noch immer durch den ewigen Raum hallen. Deren Opfer von den Herren des Spiels mit einem Lächeln entgegengenommen wurde. Deren Gliedmaßen auf den Schlachtfeldern liegen geblieben waren. Zum Dank erhielten sie eine Medaille. Ein Stück Blech für den rechten Arm, einen Grabstein für den Vater, den Bruder, den Sohn. Für das Vaterland. Für Europa. Für die Demokratie. Der Hohn tropft aus jedem Politikerwort, doch **die Menschen glauben noch immer die uralte Geschichte von Freund und Feind, von Gut und Böse**.  \ **Wer nicht aufwachen will muss töten.** Du. Nicht am Bildschirm. In der echten Welt. Wo man nicht auf Replay drücken kann. Wo man den Gegner nicht nach links oder rechts swipen kann, denn er ist echt, real, lebendig. Noch. Entweder er oder du. Jetzt ist es zu spät für Entscheidungen. Kannst du es spüren? Die Work-Life Balance wird zur Kill-or-be-Killed balance. Es gibt kein Entrinnen. Denn du hast mitgemacht. Schweigen ist Zustimmung. Sich-nicht-drumkümmern ist Zustimmung. Kriegsparteien zu wählen ist noch mehr Zustimmung. **Heute.** **Heute lässt sich noch etwas ändern.** Es hat nichts zu tun mit rechts oder links. Nur mit Menschlichkeit versus Hass, Macht und dem ganz großen Geld. Das sind die Gründe, für die du töten oder sterben musst. **Wie entscheidest du dich?**

@ 3ffac3a6:2d656657

# Estudo Detalhado sobre a Carga Tributária em Produtos Importados por Pessoas Físicas no Brasil ## Disclaimer Este estudo foi feito pelo chatGPT a meu pedido e pode conter erros. Fiz apenas uma revisão rápida, para evitar mentiras e erros grosseiros, mas ainda podem haver erros que deixei passar. ## Introdução Importar produtos para o Brasil envolve uma série de tributos que podem aumentar significativamente o custo final para o consumidor. No caso de **pessoas físicas**, a tributação segue regras específicas (como regimes simplificados para pequenas remessas) e varia de acordo com a forma de importação. Este estudo apresenta: - Uma visão geral dos principais impostos incidentes (II, IPI, ICMS, PIS/COFINS) e variações conforme a forma de importação. - Classificação dos produtos importados em categorias (eletrônicos, vestuário, cosméticos, alimentos, automóveis etc.), com suas alíquotas típicas e carga tributária total estimada. - Simulações de custos: exemplos práticos de produtos importados, comparando valor original e custo final com impostos. - Explicação das diferentes formas de importação por pessoas físicas: compras diretas online, via empresas importadoras e produtos montados no Brasil com peças importadas. - Uma análise crítica de como indivíduos de maior poder aquisitivo tentam **reduzir tributos** usando artifícios como uso de **pessoas jurídicas**, **subfaturamento** e montagem parcial de produtos para burlar impostos. **Nota:** Daremos prioridade a fontes oficiais (Receita Federal, normas legais) e a informações atualizadas de 2024/2025, já que recentemente houve mudanças significativas na tributação de compras internacionais de baixo valor. As tabelas e exemplos numéricos são simplificados para facilitar a compreensão, mas refletem a legislação vigente e cenários típicos. ## 1. Impostos Incidentes na Importação por Pessoas Físicas Quando uma pessoa física importa um produto, seja uma pequena encomenda via correio ou até bens de maior valor, ela pode se deparar com os seguintes tributos: - **Imposto de Importação (II)** – Tributo federal cobrado sobre mercadorias estrangeiras que ingressam no país. A base de cálculo é o **valor aduaneiro** do bem, isto é, o valor do produto somado ao frete e ao seguro internacional ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=1)). As alíquotas de II variam conforme a classificação tarifária do produto (NCM), até um máximo comum de 35%. Entretanto, no caso de remessas de pessoa física, geralmente aplica-se um **regime simplificado**: compras internacionais até US$50 pagam 20% de II, enquanto acima de US$50 até US$3.000 pagam 60% de II (com dedução fixa de US$20 no imposto, equivalente a tributar os primeiros US$50 a 20%) ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=principal%20mudan%C3%A7a%20anunciada%20diz%20respeito,entre%20produtos%20estrangeiros%20e%20nacionais)) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)). Por exemplo, a partir de 1/8/2024, **todas as encomendas passam a recolher II** (antes havia isenção até $50 entre pessoas físicas), sendo **20% para valores até US$50** e **60% para valores acima disso**, conforme legislação do Programa *Mover* ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)) ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=principal%20mudan%C3%A7a%20anunciada%20diz%20respeito,entre%20produtos%20estrangeiros%20e%20nacionais)). Importações formais (fora do simplificado) seguem a alíquota própria do produto na Tarifa Externa Comum do Mercosul (que pode ser bem menor que 60% para muitos itens). - **Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (IPI)** – Imposto federal sobre produtos industrializados, que incide tanto sobre bens nacionais quanto importados. No caso de importação, o IPI é calculado sobre o valor aduaneiro *acrescido do II*. As alíquotas do IPI variam conforme o produto e sua essencialidade – vão de **0% até mais de 300%** em casos extremos (como armas e cigarros), mas a maioria dos bens de consumo comuns tem IPI entre 5% e 20%. A TIPI (Tabela de Incidência do IPI) define a alíquota exata por NCM. Por exemplo, veículos têm IPI variável pela cilindrada, eletrônicos e eletrodomésticos costumam ter IPI de 10% a 20%, cosméticos e perfumes podem ter IPI alto (perfumes ~42%, bebidas ~10% etc.). É importante notar que o IPI de importação busca equiparar a carga à que incidira se o produto fosse fabricado no Brasil ([Taxa de importação 2025: saiba quais são os valores e taxas](https://www.nuvemshop.com.br/blog/saiba-quais-impostos-voce-deve-pagar-ao-importar-produtos-do-exterior/#:~:text=match%20at%20L434%20de%200,Produtos%2C%20disponibilizada%20pela%20Receita%20Federal)). Em regimes simplificados de remessa postal, **o IPI muitas vezes é dispensado** – de fato, em 2024 foi publicada norma reduzindo a **0% as alíquotas de IPI sobre remessas de baixo valor**, para simplificar a tributação (concentrando a cobrança no II) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=Institu%C3%ADda%20por%20meio%20de%20um,compra%20de%20medicamentos%20continuar%C3%A1%20isenta)). Em importações formais (valores altos ou via empresas), entretanto, o IPI é cobrado normalmente. - **ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços)** – Imposto estadual que incide sobre a entrada de mercadoria importada no estado de destino. O ICMS incide de forma **“por dentro”**, integrando sua própria base de cálculo junto ao valor do bem mais os impostos federais. Em outras palavras, calcula-se o ICMS aplicando a alíquota sobre o **valor do produto + frete + seguro + II + IPI + PIS/COFINS** (dependendo do caso) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=O%20c%C3%A1lculo%20do%20ICMS%20%C3%A9,ser%20obtida%20da%20seguinte%20forma)) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=%C3%89%20importante%20lembrar%20que%20os,de%20c%C3%A1lculo%20%2B%20todos%20tributos)). A alíquota do ICMS para importação era tradicionalmente **17%** na maioria dos estados, porém, visando equiparar a tributação dos importados aos nacionais, vários estados aumentaram para **18% ou 20%** em 2023-2024 ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=,que%20o%20majoraram%20para%2020)) ([ICMS sobre compras internacionais sobe para 20% em 10 estados | Radioagência Nacional](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/radioagencia-nacional/economia/audio/2025-03/icms-sobre-compras-internacionais-sobe-para-20-em-10-estados#:~:text=A%20al%C3%ADquota%20do%20Imposto%20Sobre,pelo%20Regime%20de%20Tributa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Simplificada)). Por exemplo, a partir de 2025, 10 estados (como MG, BA, CE, etc.) adotaram **20% de ICMS** sobre compras internacionais até US$3.000, enquanto os demais ainda aplicam 17% ([ICMS sobre compras internacionais sobe para 20% em 10 estados | Radioagência Nacional](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/radioagencia-nacional/economia/audio/2025-03/icms-sobre-compras-internacionais-sobe-para-20-em-10-estados#:~:text=A%20al%C3%ADquota%20do%20Imposto%20Sobre,pelo%20Regime%20de%20Tributa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Simplificada)) ([ICMS sobre compras internacionais sobe para 20% em 10 estados | Radioagência Nacional](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/radioagencia-nacional/economia/audio/2025-03/icms-sobre-compras-internacionais-sobe-para-20-em-10-estados#:~:text=federativas%20ainda%20mant%C3%AAm%20o%C2%A0ICMS%C2%A0em%2017)). O ICMS é cobrado inclusive em remessas postais (não há mais isenção para valores pequenos, desde 2023) e costuma ser recolhido no ato do despacho ou já embutido no pagamento se a plataforma recolhe antecipadamente. Importante: mesmo no regime simplificado, o ICMS incide **além do II** – por exemplo, encomendas até US$50 pagam 20% II + ICMS 17% (o qual é calculado sobre o valor já com o II) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=O%20c%C3%A1lculo%20do%20ICMS%20%C3%A9,ser%20obtida%20da%20seguinte%20forma)). Isso implica que a carga tributária total não é simplesmente 37%, mas um pouco maior, pois o ICMS incide sobre o montante que inclui o II. De fato, para *x* = valor do produto, a carga de 20%+17% resulta em cerca de **44,5%** sobre o valor do bem ([ICMS sobre compras internacionais sobe para 20% em 10 estados | Radioagência Nacional](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/radioagencia-nacional/economia/audio/2025-03/icms-sobre-compras-internacionais-sobe-para-20-em-10-estados#:~:text=E%20ainda%2C%20a%20cobran%C3%A7a%20do,para%20qualquer%20valor)). Já com 60%+17%, a carga pode chegar próximo de **100%** (dobro do valor) em alguns casos ([Alta de ICMS eleva taxação total sobre importados para até 100%](https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/taxacao-de-importados-chega-a-100-apos-novo-aumento-de-imposto/#:~:text=importados%20on)). - **PIS/PASEP-Importação e COFINS-Importação** – Contribuições sociais federais cobradas na importação de bens e serviços, destinadas ao financiamento da seguridade e programas sociais. Para importação de **mercadorias**, as alíquotas padrão são **2,1% de PIS/PASEP e 9,65% de COFINS** sobre o valor aduaneiro + II ([Taxa de importação 2025: saiba quais são os valores e taxas](https://www.nuvemshop.com.br/blog/saiba-quais-impostos-voce-deve-pagar-ao-importar-produtos-do-exterior/#:~:text=match%20at%20L421%20uma%20al%C3%ADquota,para%20a%20importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20servi%C3%A7os)). Assim, somadas, representam aproximadamente 11,75%. No entanto, quando a importação é feita por pessoa física para uso próprio, essas contribuições *geralmente não são cobradas no regime simplificado*, ou foram zeradas na legislação recente para pequenas encomendas (novamente para evitar sobrecarga burocrática e concentrar a tributação no II de 60%/20%). Empresas importadoras normalmente recolhem PIS/COFINS na entrada, mas podem aproveitá-los como crédito na venda (se estiverem em regime não cumulativo). Em 2024, com as mudanças nas remessas, foi aprovada isenção de PIS/COFINS nas compras internacionais de baixo valor, concomitantemente à nova cobrança do II de 20% ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=at%C3%A9%20US%24%2050%20ser%C3%A3o%20tributadas,entre%20produtos%20estrangeiros%20e%20nacionais)). Portanto, **pessoas físicas raramente pagarão PIS/COFINS explicitamente** ao importar – ou é absorvido pelo regime simplificado ou não incide se não houver finalidade comercial. Além desses, existem taxas operacionais específicas em importações formais, como a **Taxa Siscomex** (tarifa de utilização do sistema aduaneiro) e o **AFRMM** (Adicional ao Frete para Renovação da Marinha Mercante, 25% ou 8% sobre o frete marítimo, quando aplicável) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=ICMS%20,%E2%80%93%2017)). Contudo, para encomendas comuns via correio, a principal taxa extra é a de despacho postal dos Correios (aprox. R$15) caso a Receita precise formalizar o desembaraço – algumas plataformas internacionais já cobram um **valor fixo (~US$20)** para cobrir esses custos no novo modelo ([Taxa de importação 2025: saiba quais são os valores e taxas](https://www.nuvemshop.com.br/blog/saiba-quais-impostos-voce-deve-pagar-ao-importar-produtos-do-exterior/#:~:text=As%20compras%20internacionais%20de%20at%C3%A9,Correios%20quanto%20por%20empresas%20privadas)) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)). ### **Variação conforme a forma de importação** A carga tributária pode **variar bastante dependendo da modalidade de importação** utilizada pela pessoa física: - **Remessa postal ou encomenda via couriers (Compra direta pela internet)**: Segue o **Regime de Tributação Simplificada (RTS)** para remessas internacionais, com cobrança simplificada do II (20% ou 60%, conforme explicado) e do ICMS estadual. Nesse regime não se fraciona por tipo de imposto: aplica-se a alíquota única de importação e depois calcula-se o ICMS sobre o total. *Exemplo:* uma compra de R$500 em site internacional certificado no *Programa Remessa Conforme* sofre 60% de II (R$300) com desconto de US$20, resultando em II ~R$196 ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=desconto%20de%20US%24%2020%3A)). Sobre o valor + II aplica-se ICMS (17% ou 18/20% conforme estado). A Receita Federal ilustra que uma compra de **R$510** (produto+frete) teria **II de R$196** após desconto ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=desconto%20de%20US%24%2020%3A)). Em um estado de 17%, o ICMS seria em torno de R$100 adicionais, totalizando ~R$806. Se a plataforma não for certificada (ou seja, não recolhe antecipado), não há desconto: o II seria 60% pleno e o imposto total mais alto ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=,caso%2C%20n%C3%A3o%20haver%C3%A1%20nenhum%20desconto)). Até agosto de 2024 existia confusão sobre isenção em compras <US$50 (quando remetente pessoa física), mas hoje **todas as compras têm imposto**. Em resumo, via internet/correios: **20%/60% de imposto federal + 17~20% ICMS**, recolhidos normalmente no despacho postal ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)). Esse é o cenário que afeta a maioria das importações pessoais de eletrônicos, roupas, etc., compradas em sites como AliExpress, Shein, eBay, Amazon internacional etc. - **Importação formal via empresa importadora (compra de produto importado no Brasil)**: Aqui a pessoa física adquire o produto já **no mercado interno**, de uma empresa que o importou. Nesse caso, do ponto de vista do consumidor final, ele paga o preço já com todos os impostos embutidos (a empresa importadora teve custos tributários que repassa no preço). A diferença é que **a empresa, como pessoa jurídica, segue o regime normal de importação**: paga II conforme a alíquota do produto, IPI conforme TIPI, PIS/COFINS na entrada e ICMS na importação ou na venda, dependendo do regime. Muitas empresas optam por regimes especiais (ex.: *drawback* se vão reexportar, ou importação por conta e ordem) para otimizar custos. Para o consumidor, a carga tributária está “escondida” no preço de venda. Por exemplo, um console de videogame importado oficialmente por uma loja teve incidência de cerca de 20% II, 16% IPI, 12% ICMS (interestadual) e 11.75% PIS/COFINS – tudo isso compõe o preço final. A empresa pode aproveitar créditos (como abater PIS/COFINS e IPI na cadeia), mas, em geral, o **preço de um importado no varejo nacional tende a ser igual ou maior** que se a pessoa importasse diretamente, pois além dos tributos há margem de lucro e custos operacionais do importador. Por outro lado, a importação formal em larga escala pode conseguir preços de origem menores e algumas isenções (por exemplo, acordos comerciais ou ex-tarifários que reduzam o II para certos bens de capital e informática). **Resumindo:** na compra via um revendedor brasileiro, todos os tributos (II, IPI, ICMS, PIS/COFINS) já incidiram – o consumidor arca indiretamente com eles e geralmente paga também ICMS na nota fiscal de venda interna. A vantagem é a praticidade e possivelmente garantia/localização do produto, enquanto a desvantagem costuma ser um custo final mais alto que a importação direta, especialmente para produtos de alto valor. - **Produtos com partes importadas e montados no Brasil**: Uma forma de reduzir a carga tributária de importação é trazer os itens **desmontados ou como insumos** e realizar a montagem ou processo final em território nacional. Essa estratégia pode se dar em escala industrial (ex.: fábricas que importam componentes) ou até em esquemas específicos (importar um bem em partes separadas). Do ponto de vista legal, empresas podem se beneficiar de **incentivos fiscais** se seguirem um *Processo Produtivo Básico (PPB)*: por exemplo, a indústria de informática e smartphones no Brasil utiliza muitos componentes importados, mas, ao realizar a montagem final aqui (e investir em desenvolvimento local), obtém redução de IPI via Lei de Informática. Assim, um celular montado no Brasil pode ter **IPI bem menor** que um importado pronto (às vezes IPI zero) e também PIS/COFINS reduzidos, barateando o produto final. Já automóveis montados localmente se beneficiam de alíquotas de II menores para autopeças do que seria para veículo completo, além de programas como *Rota 2030* que concedem créditos tributários se metas de conteúdo local forem atingidas. Em suma, **quando parte do valor agregado é criada no Brasil, a tributação direta de importação diminui**: paga-se II apenas sobre as peças (muitas com tarifa < 18%, em vez de 35% sobre produto final), e o IPI/ICMS incidem sobre um valor final menor (pois parte do custo é mão de obra local). Para o consumidor, esses produtos “nacionalizados” tendem a ser mais acessíveis comparados a um equivalente 100% importado. Por exemplo, um **smartphone “nacional” pode ter ~36% de carga tributária** no preço (ICMS e alguns impostos internos) versus **62% se for importado** ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Monitor%20,Cassete%2047%2C65)). Essa diferença expressiva deve-se justamente aos benefícios fiscais de produzir localmente. **Observação:** Pessoas físicas geralmente não montam produtos industrializados, mas alguns com poder aquisitivo elevado utilizam brechas – como importar kits (carros ou computadores) desmontados – para tentar fugir de impostos, assunto explorado na seção 5. ## 2. Carga Tributária por Categoria de Produto Importado Os impostos de importação não afetam todos os produtos de maneira igual – a política tarifária brasileira e a legislação atribuem **alíquotas diferentes conforme a categoria de produto**, visando proteger certas indústrias ou tributar mais itens supérfluos. A seguir, abordamos algumas categorias comuns de importados, com suas alíquotas típicas e carga tributária total estimada para **pessoas físicas importando para uso próprio**. As cargas “totais” mencionadas incluem os impostos federais e estaduais discutidos (II, IPI, ICMS, etc.), expressos geralmente como porcentagem do valor do produto. ### 2.1 Eletrônicos e Eletrodomésticos **Eletrônicos de consumo** (smartphones, laptops, tablets, câmeras, aparelhos de som, etc.) estão entre os itens mais importados por brasileiros e também sujeitos a uma tributação significativa. No regime geral, a maioria desses produtos tem **Imposto de Importação na faixa de 0% a 20%**. Produtos de informática e telecomunicações podem ter II reduzido ou zerado se não houver produção local competitiva (por exemplo, certos componentes de computador têm II 0-10%). Porém, itens populares como celulares, tablets e consoles de videogame costumam ser taxados no teto **(II 20% ou 16%)**. Além disso, eletrônicos pagam IPI (por serem bens industrializados) – por exemplo, um smartphone ou tablet importado tem IPI em torno de **15%** (um **iPad nacional pagava ~10% de IPI, importado ~15-20%**, antes da redução generalizada de IPI em 2022). Videogames já tiveram IPI de 40-50%, mas foram reduzidos para ~16-30%. Monitores, TVs e áudio variam de 12% a 20% de IPI. O ICMS vai incidir normalmente (17%-20%). PIS/COFINS adicionam cerca de 11.75%, mas empresas podem recuperar. Para **pessoa física via remessa**, esses detalhes tarifários são menos importantes, pois prevalece a alíquota unificada do RTS (60% II). Assim, na prática, um eletrônico importado diretamente por um consumidor paga em torno de **60% + ICMS** sobre seu valor. O resultado é que o **preço final tende a ser aproximadamente o dobro do valor original** em reais (dependendo do estado). De fato, com o ICMS de 20%, a tributação total pode chegar a praticamente 100% do valor do produto ([Alta de ICMS eleva taxação total sobre importados para até 100%](https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/taxacao-de-importados-chega-a-100-apos-novo-aumento-de-imposto/#:~:text=importados%20on)). Mesmo com ICMS 17%, fica na casa de ~80-90%. Por exemplo, um **smartphone importado de forma independente** por uma pessoa acaba tendo cerca de **62% do valor final composto de impostos** ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Monitor%20,Cassete%2047%2C65)). Esse número, levantado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Planejamento e Tributação (IBPT), compara um smartphone importado com um similar nacional (36% de carga) – a diferença são justamente os tributos de importação ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Monitor%20,Cassete%2047%2C65)) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Secret%C3%A1ria%20eletr%C3%B4nica%2047%2C89,Televisor%2041%2C99)). - *Exemplo:* Um celular comprado por R$1.500 no exterior poderia custar cerca de **R$2.800** após todos os impostos ao chegar ao Brasil (considerando 60% de II e ~17% de ICMS), ou seja, quase **85% de acréscimo tributário**. Na simulação do Promobit, um smartphone de **R$1.224** (valor + frete) teria imposto de 60% (R$734) + ICMS 17% (R$334), resultando em **R$2.292** antes do desconto, e cerca de **R$2.182** após aplicar a dedução de US$20 ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=21%20de%20agosto%20de%202024%29)). Isso ilustra um aumento de aproximadamente 78% sobre o valor original. Se comprado de um revendedor nacional, o preço possivelmente seria semelhante ou um pouco maior – por exemplo, a **diferença entre um smartphone nacional e importado** pode ser de algumas centenas de reais devido a incentivos locais, mas ambos sofrem carga pesada. Em 2023, verificava-se que **eletrônicos importados diretamente** (como tablets, laptops) tinham **carga tributária ~63%** do preço ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=HD%20Externo%20,Microfones%2037%2C02)) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Monitor%20,Cassete%2047%2C65)), ao passo que modelos montados localmente usufruíam de cargas menores (por isso marcas instalam fábricas no Brasil). Vale citar também **eletrodomésticos e aparelhos eletrônicos maiores**: embora pessoas físicas raramente importem geladeiras ou TVs por conta própria (devido ao frete), se o fizessem, encarariam II ~20%, IPI variável (~15% para TV, ~5-8% linha branca após reduções recentes) e ICMS cheio – total perto de 60-70%. Um **home theater importado** tem cerca de **57% de impostos** embutidos ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Estabilizador%20,M%C3%A1quina%20Fotogr%C3%A1fica%2042%2C47)). Já um **notebook importado** paga por volta de **40% em tributos** (muitos laptops têm II 0% via “Lei do Bem”) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Computador%20,TABLET%2047%2C90)). Em suma, eletrônicos sofrem tributação alta, mas não uniformemente: produtos de informática podem ter incentivos, enquanto itens de lazer (ex: consoles) historicamente sofreram mais impostos. ### 2.2 Vestuário, Calçados e Acessórios de Moda O setor de **vestuário** é altamente protegido no Brasil. Roupas, calçados, bolsas e afins geralmente possuem o **Imposto de Importação máximo de 35%** (tecido, confecção, calçado estão entre os itens com tarifa cheia para proteger a indústria nacional). Além disso, por serem bens industrializados, podem ter IPI – porém, curiosamente, muitas peças de vestuário têm IPI **reduzido (0% ou 5%)**, já que o grosso da tributação recai no II e ICMS. A importação comercial de vestuário paga também PIS/Cofins e ICMS (que nesse segmento muitas vezes é 17% ou mais, podendo haver ST – substituição tributária – no caso de vendas internas de roupas). No caso de uma pessoa física importando roupas para uso próprio (por exemplo, comprando em sites de moda internacionais), aplica-se 60% de imposto simplificado. Não há isenção específica; mesmo roupas baratas são tributadas (salvo se o valor for tão baixo que com 20% de II <US$50 fica pequeno). Assim, **roupas importadas diretamente podem ter cerca de 60-80% de impostos no final**. Por dados do IBPT, uma peça de vestuário importada tem carga aproximada de **65-70% do preço em tributos**, comparada a ~35% se produzida no Brasil ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Roupas%2034%2C67,Terno%20%28traje%2936%2C02)). Por exemplo, um **tênis (calçado) importado** chega a ter **65,71% de carga tributária** no preço final, versus 36% se nacional ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Roupas%2034%2C67,Terno%20%28traje%2936%2C02)). Esse diferencial vem principalmente do II de 35% e da falta de incentivos que os produtores locais têm. - *Exemplo:* Suponha a importação de um **par de tênis** adquirido por R$300 (algo em torno de US$55-60). Pelo RTS, teria II de 60% (~R$180) e ICMS ~17% sobre R$480, adicionando ~R$80 – resultando em custo final ~R$560 (quase **87% de imposto sobre os R$300**). Se a plataforma for certificada (aplica 20% até 50 USD), haveria a dedução de US$20, reduzindo o imposto – mas ainda assim o valor final ficaria em torno de R$450-500, ou **50-70% de acréscimo tributário**. Esses números explicam por que roupas importadas custam até o dobro do preço original. Uma **jaqueta de grife importada** cujo custo lá fora fosse R$500 pode chegar por R$900-1000 ao consumidor após impostos. Cosméticos e vestuário de luxo seguem o mesmo princípio: **bolsas, relógios, óculos** – costumam ter II de 20% (acessórios de couro 20%, joias e bijuterias 18%) e IPI variável (bolsas 15%, relógios 20%, bijuterias 5%). Mas como muitas vezes são importados via remessa expressa, acaba incidindo 60%. Assim, itens de moda importados diretamente também sofrem carga próxima a 80%. Em resumo, **importar roupas e calçados no varejo não sai barato** devido à barreira tarifária intencional. A única “vantagem” é quando se trata de produtos de marca de luxo, muito caros no Brasil – nesses casos, mesmo pagando quase 100% de imposto, às vezes ainda fica mais barato que o preço praticado aqui (que inclui margem altíssima das boutiques oficiais). Pessoas físicas de alta renda frequentemente trazem roupas e acessórios em viagens internacionais exatamente para aproveitar a cota isenta ou ao menos pagar menos impostos (50% do excedente na alfândega de viajantes, que é menor que os ~80% via remessa). ### 2.3 Cosméticos, Perfumes e Produtos de Higiene Pessoal **Cosméticos e perfumes** sofrem tributos elevados, em parte por serem considerados bens não-essenciais e muitas vezes de luxo. Além do II (que varia, geralmente em torno de 18% para perfumes e 12-18% para cosméticos em geral), eles têm **IPI alto**: perfume e água de colônia importados têm IPI de **42%**; maquiagens, 22% (com variações); artigos de higiene pessoal como xampus, cremes, ~12% de IPI. Some-se ICMS (que em vários estados é 18% mas pode haver adicional, pois alguns itens de higiene têm ICMS maior ou substituição tributária) e PIS/COFINS. O resultado é que no canal formal, a carga acumulada bate em valores expressivos. Levantamento do IBPT mostra que um **perfume importado** chega a ter **77,43% de seu preço composto de tributos**, enquanto um similar nacional carrega ~66% ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Papel%20Higi%C3%AAnico%20%28com%204%20rolos%2936%2C98,Talco%2041%2C71)). Ou seja, de cada R$100 pagos em um perfume importado, cerca de R$77 são impostos. Esse número impressionante inclui todas as etapas (importação + impostos sobre venda). Para maquiagem importada, a carga é cerca de **71% do preço** ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Creme%20de%20barbear%2053%2C17,com%204%20rolos%2936%2C98)), versus ~53% nacional. Cosméticos em geral ~52-55% (nacional) até 70% (importado) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Higiene%20e%20beleza%20,Desodorantes%2043%2C36)) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Graxa%20p%2F%20sapatos%2040%2C72,Perfume%20nacional%2066%2C18)). No caso de **pessoa física importando cosméticos para uso próprio**, vale o regime simplificado: 60% de II. Como perfumes e cosméticos não têm nenhuma isenção especial de remessa, o imposto incide integralmente, tornando os preços finais também aproximadamente o dobro do valor original. - *Exemplo:* Um **perfume importado** que custe US$100 (digamos R$500) no exterior. Via remessa, pagará 60% de II (R$300) e ~17% de ICMS sobre R$800 (cerca de R$136). Resultado: ~R$936. Se a compra for por um site habilitado, aplicaria 20% nos primeiros $50, mas perfumes raramente custam <50. Então é seguro dizer ~**R$950** final, quase **90% acima** do valor original. Mesmo em estados com 20% ICMS, o impacto é similar. Isso coincide com a noção de ~70-80% de carga tributária total. Para itens de beleza de menor valor unitário (ex: batom de R$50), a regra de 20% até US$50 ajudaria um pouco (20% de II + ICMS, ~44% de carga). Mas muitos cosméticos importados (cremes, perfumes importados famosos) ultrapassam US$50, caindo na faixa de 60%. Portanto, não surpreende que perfumes e maquiagens importadas oficialmente custem muito caro no Brasil. Muitas pessoas evitam essa tributação trazendo na mala (ex.: até 5 unidades de cada tipo são permitidas como *bagagem acompanhada*, isentas dentro da cota de isenção de US$500 do viajante). Quando isso não é possível, acaba-se pagando o alto preço – vide perfumes importados custando quase o dobro do preço internacional. ### 2.4 Alimentos, Bebidas e Suplementos A categoria de **alimentos e bebidas** importados tem tratamento variado: alguns itens de primeira necessidade têm alíquotas baixas ou isenção (por exemplo, grãos, trigo, arroz, dependendo de cotas de importação, frequentemente 0% ou 10%). Já produtos alimentícios processados ou bebidas alcoólicas costumam ter tributos significativos, tanto de importação quanto internos (há também impostos específicos, como o IPI sobre bebidas e o imposto de bebidas quentes). Em importações pessoais, é relativamente incomum importar comida (por questões de restrições sanitárias e praticidade), mas vinhos, bebidas alcoólicas, suplementos alimentares e guloseimas são exemplos de itens trazidos de fora. **Bebidas alcoólicas importadas** têm II por volta de 20% (vinho 27%, cerveja 20%, destilados 20%), IPI específico (vinho 10%, destilados variam 30-60%, cerveja 10%), além de ICMS que em muitos estados é elevado (podendo chegar a 25% nas bebidas). Assim, o preço de um vinho importado tem enorme carga tributária. Segundo o IBPT, um **vinho importado** carrega cerca de **64,57% de impostos**, comparado a ~45,5% em um vinho nacional ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Vinho%20nacional%2045%2C56,Wisky%2056%2C40)). Ou seja, mais de 2/3 do custo de um vinho estrangeiro são tributos. Destilados e licores chegam a 70% ou mais. **Cervejas importadas** também sofrem pesada tributação (somando impostos de importação + IPI + ICMS + PIS/Cofins, ultrapassa 60%). Para a **pessoa física que compra bebidas ou alimentos no exterior e importa**, no regime de remessa postal, vai incidir 60% + ICMS, sem atenções especiais (exceto proibições sanitárias para alguns itens perecíveis). Então, na prática, a carga será similar: perto de 80-100%. Isso na verdade inibe muito a importação direta – sai mais em conta comprar vinhos de importadoras locais (que trazem contêineres inteiros diluindo custos). - *Exemplo:* Importar 6 garrafas de **vinho** no correio: valor US$120 (R$660). II 60% = R$396, ICMS ~17% = R$180 (aprox). Final ~R$1.236. Ou seja, **87% de imposto sobre o valor**. Por isso raramente alguém importa vinho por conta; os que chegam vêm via importadores oficiais que conseguem melhor logística (mas ainda assim, o vinho estrangeiro no Brasil é caríssimo pelo imposto – paga-se R$100 em um vinho de R$40 lá fora, por ex.). Quanto a **suplementos alimentares, vitaminas, produtos de saúde**, que muitos compram de sites como iHerb: até pouco tempo havia isenção se declarado como pessoa física até $50. Com as novas regras, **todos esses itens pagam 20% ou 60%** dependendo do valor. Não há IPI para alimentos/suplementos em geral, mas incide ICMS. Assim, um suplemento de $30 pagaria 20%+ICMS ~44%, e outro de $100 pagaria ~80%. É comum pessoas físicas importarem suplementos e enfrentarem essa tributação. Medicamentos para pessoa física têm exceção: **medicamentos importados por PF até US$10.000 são isentos** de impostos (lei específica) ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=Normas%20de%20taxa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20remessas,10%20mil%20segue%20sem%20tributa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)), desde que para uso próprio com receita – uma importante observação, ainda que fora do consumo geral. ### 2.5 Veículos Automotores (Carros e Motos) Importar um **automóvel** como pessoa física é possível (desde que seja zero km ou com mais de 30 anos, pois carros usados recentes são proibidos por lei para fins de consumo) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Uma%20das%20condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20impostas%20pela,1989%20e%20assim%20por%20diante)) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Quem%20pode%20importar%3F)). A carga tributária sobre veículos importados é notoriamente **alta**, visando proteger a indústria nacional. No caso de carros de passeio (NCM 8703), a alíquota do **Imposto de Importação é de 35%**, o teto tarifário permitido, aplicado pela CAMEX para veículos de fora do Mercosul ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Imposto%20de%20Importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20,35)). Além disso, há o IPI, que varia conforme a cilindrada do motor: por exemplo, carros até 1.0L tinham ~7% de IPI; de 1.0 a 2.0 flex ~11%; >2.0 ou diesel ~18%; veículos grandes de luxo podem ter 20%-25% (esses percentuais tiveram redução em 2022, antes era maior). No exemplo de um **Ford Mustang V8 4.7L** (motor grande), o IPI indicado é **18,81%** ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Imposto%20de%20Importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20,35)). Adiciona-se PIS 2,62% e COFINS 12,57% ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=IPI%20%E2%80%93%2018%2C81)) (ligeiramente maiores que o padrão, possivelmente por cálculo “por dentro” deles também). O ICMS, dependendo do estado, costuma ser a alíquota interna de veículos (em SP é 12% para venda interestadual de carros novos, mas na importação direta PF geralmente aplicam 17% ou 18%). No RS, por exemplo, seria 17% ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=PIS%20%E2%80%93%202%2C62)). Quando somamos tudo, **os tributos praticamente duplicam o preço de um carro importado**. A título ilustrativo, para um carro avaliado em R$100.000 no exterior: II 35% = +R$35 mil; suponha IPI 18% = +R$24,3 mil (18% sobre base já com II, por isso um pouco mais que 18k); PIS/COFINS ~11,75% = +R$ ~8-10 mil; ICMS ~17% “por dentro” = +uns R$20 mil. O custo final poderia ficar em ~R$190 a R$200 mil. Esse cálculo é consistente com relatos de que importar um carro pode dobrar seu valor. De fato, se o ICMS for 18-20%, não é raro a carga tributária total atingir cerca de **100% do valor do veículo** ([Alta de ICMS eleva taxação total sobre importados para até 100%](https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/taxacao-de-importados-chega-a-100-apos-novo-aumento-de-imposto/#:~:text=importados%20on)). - *Exemplo real:* Uma empresa de despacho simulou a importação de um **Mustang 1967** (colecionável): Valor hipotético + frete = digamos R$200 mil. II 35% = R$70 mil; IPI 18,81% ≈ R$50 mil; PIS/COFINS ≈ R$~15 mil; ICMS 17% ≈ R$~50 mil. Total impostos ~R$185 mil. O carro sairia por ~R$385 mil ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Imposto%20de%20Importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20,35)) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=%C3%89%20importante%20lembrar%20que%20os,de%20c%C3%A1lculo%20%2B%20todos%20tributos)). Mesmo carros populares sofrem essa regra: se fosse um veículo 1.6 moderno de R$80 mil FOB, ainda assim pagaria perto de R$80 mil em impostos. Para **motocicletas**, similares regras (II 20% ou 35% dependendo da cilindrada; IPI varia com cilindrada também). **Automóveis elétricos e híbridos** recentemente tiveram incentivos removidos: o governo zerou o II por alguns anos, mas em 2023 reintroduziu: elétricos subindo de 0% para 10% e depois 18%, híbridos indo a 35% gradualmente ([Imposto sobre carros elétricos e híbridos aumenta em julho](https://www.otempo.com.br/autotempo/2024/6/12/imposto-sobre-carros-eletricos-e-hibridos-aumenta-em-julho--veja#:~:text=Imposto%20sobre%20carros%20el%C3%A9tricos%20e,imposto%20de%20importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20tem)). Assim, até veículos “verdes” importados agora enfrentam tarifação pesada. Em resumo, **automóveis importados são gravados no nível máximo permitido**, tornando-os artigos de luxo no mercado brasileiro. Pessoas físicas que importam carros novos geralmente o fazem por hobby ou para obter modelos não vendidos aqui, cientes do custo elevado. Já a maioria dos consumidores adquire veículos importados através das montadoras oficiais ou importadores autorizados, que fazem a importação formal e repassam os tributos no preço (um carro importado oficialmente também paga tudo isso, mas às vezes montadoras conseguem benefícios via acordos de livre comércio limitados, como cotas do Mercosul, México ou regimes como *BK* – “bem capital” – para veículos especiais). Abaixo, apresentamos uma **tabela resumindo exemplos de produtos importados por pessoa física** e seus custos aproximados com impostos, para consolidar os cenários discutidos: | **Produto (Categoria)** | **Valor no Exterior** | **Impostos Aproximados** | **Custo Final no Brasil** | |------------------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------------------------| | **Smartphone** (Eletrônicos) | R$ 1.500 | ~R$ 1.280 em impostos (II + ICMS ≈ 85%) | **~R$ 2.780** total | | **Tênis** (Vestuário) | R$ 300 | ~R$ 250 em impostos (tributação ≈ 83%) | **~R$ 550** total | | **Perfume** 50ml (Cosméticos) | R$ 500 | ~R$ 370 em impostos (tributação ≈ 74%) | **~R$ 870** total | | **Vinho Importado** – 750ml (Bebida) | R$ 100 | ~R$ 64 em impostos (tributação ≈ 64%) | **~R$ 164** total | | **Automóvel** 2.0L (Carro)** | R$ 100.000 | ~R$ 100.000 em impostos (tributação ≈ 100%) | **~R$ 200.000** total | **Observações:** Os valores acima são estimativas simplificadas, assumindo importação via remessa (exceto o carro, importação formal) para um estado com ICMS 17%. No caso do vinho, consideramos um vinho de R$100 (aprox. US$18) – note que há um **custo fixo alto de frete** que não contabilizamos; por isso, importar só uma garrafa é inviável na prática. Já no caso do carro, é considerada a importação formal com todos os tributos destacados ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Imposto%20de%20Importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20,35)). Esses percentuais podem variar conforme o estado (ICMS 20% eleva um pouco), câmbio e eventuais isenções específicas. Contudo, servem para ilustrar a **elevada carga tributária** que incide sobre produtos importados. ## 3. Exemplos de Custos de Importação (Simulações) Nesta seção, detalhamos alguns **cenários práticos** de importação por pessoa física, calculando passo a passo os impostos e o custo final. Os exemplos cobrem diferentes faixas de valor e categorias, inclusive mostrando a aplicação das regras recentes de 20% (até US$50) e 60% (>US$50) de Imposto de Importação, bem como a influência do ICMS. - **Exemplo 1: Importação de um fone de ouvido Bluetooth – valor baixo (US$10)**. Suponha que Ana compre um fone de ouvido em um site internacional por **R$58,29** (já convertido, incluindo frete) ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=20,pouco%20mais%20de%2010%20d%C3%B3lares)). Como o valor é inferior a US$50 e (no caso) a compra foi em plataforma cadastrada, aplica-se **II de 20%**. 20% de R$58,29 = **R$11,66** de II. Em seguida, calcula-se o **ICMS 17%** sobre o valor *acrescido do II* (cálculo por dentro). Podemos simplificar aproximando: 17% de ~R$70 = **R$11,90**. Assim, o **custo final** seria em torno de **R$81,84** ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=20,pouco%20mais%20de%2010%20d%C3%B3lares)). Neste exemplo, os impostos somados (R$23,5) representam ~40% do valor do produto – carga relativamente menor graças ao benefício da alíquota reduzida de 20%. A título de comparação, antes da mudança de 2024, abaixo de $50 muitas encomendas ficavam isentas; agora paga-se ~44% (20%+ICMS), como visto. - **Exemplo 2: Importação de várias roupas – valor moderado (US$100)**. Ana decidiu comprar algumas roupas em um site internacional, totalizando **R$510,00** (produto + frete) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=A%20partir%20desses%20valores%20%C3%A9,valor%20aduaneiro%20da%20encomenda%20internacional)) – cerca de US$92. Como supera US$50, incide **II de 60%**. Primeiro, calcula-se II: 60% de R$510 = **R$306,00**. Porém, como o site é certificado no *Remessa Conforme*, aplica-se a dedução fixa de **US$20** (que supõe cotação de R$5,50, ou seja, **R$110,00** de desconto) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=desconto%20de%20US%24%2020%3A)). Assim, **II devido = R$306 - R$110 = R$196,00** ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=desconto%20de%20US%24%2020%3A)). Agora, soma-se produto+frete+seguro (R$510) + II (R$196) = R$706 e calcula-se o **ICMS**. Usando 17% por dentro: base = 706/0,83 = ~R$850; ICMS = 0,17 * 850 ≈ **R$144,50**. (Equivalente a ~20% sobre 706, lembrando do efeito “por dentro”). Logo, o **custo final** ficaria cerca de **R$850,50**. Isso significa que de R$510 iniciais, paga-se ~R$340 de impostos no total (uns 66%). Caso o site **não** fosse certificado, não haveria desconto de US$20: o II seria R$306, e a base para ICMS seria maior (R$816* por dentro, ICMS ~R$167). O custo final então subiria para ~**R$989**. Ou seja, comprar em plataformas dentro do programa faz diferença considerável neste patamar de preço. - **Exemplo 3: Importação de um smartphone – valor alto (US$300)**. Suponha João comprou um **smartphone por US$300** (aproximadamente **R$1.500**). Como ultrapassa bastante os $50, incide II 60%. II = 60% de 1500 = **R$900**. Considerando o *Remessa Conforme*, deduz-se R$110 (US$20) => II efetivo **R$790**. Soma base R$1.500 + II R$790 = R$2.290. Sobre isso, ICMS 17%: base por dentro = 2290/0,83 ~ R$2.759; ICMS = R$469. Assim, **custo final ~R$2.759**. (Se fizermos de modo simplificado: 1500 + 60% = 2400; +17% = 2400*1,17 = 2808; -110 = ~R$2.698; pequenas diferenças pelo cálculo exato por dentro). Então, aproximadamente **R$2.7 a R$2.8 mil** no final – praticamente **85% de acréscimo** sobre o valor original. De fato, a Gazeta do Povo noticiou que com o ICMS mais alto a tributação total em importados pode chegar a *100% do valor* ([Alta de ICMS eleva taxação total sobre importados para até 100%](https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/taxacao-de-importados-chega-a-100-apos-novo-aumento-de-imposto/#:~:text=importados%20on)), e aqui vemos ~85% com ICMS 17%. Caso João tivesse usado um site não participante (60% cheio), o custo final poderia ultrapassar R$3.000. Esses números justificam por que celulares top de linha custam quase o dobro do preço internacional quando importados legalmente. - **Exemplo 4: Importação de um automóvel de luxo – valor muito alto (US$50 mil)**. Como caso extremo, imagine importarmos um **carro** avaliado em **US$50.000** (cerca de **R$250.000**). Pessoas físicas só podem importar carro novo *zero km* (ou antigos de coleção) cumprindo procedimentos formais – é necessário registro de DI, despachante etc., pois excede muito o limite do RTS. Os impostos seriam: **II 35% = R$87.500**; **IPI** supondo 18% = R$60.750 (18% sobre 337.500, valor + II); **PIS/COFINS ~11,75%** sobre base+II = ~R$29.700; **ICMS 18%** (SP) por dentro: base = (250+87,5+60,75+29,7)/(1-0,18) => ~R$518 mil, ICMS = ~R$93.240. Somando tudo, os **impostos alcançam ~R$271.000** e o custo final chega a **~R$521.000** (mais que o dobro do valor original). Mesmo que a cotação ou alíquotas variem, é evidente que **se paga pelo menos o equivalente ao valor do carro só em tributos**. No exemplo do Mustang mencionado anteriormente, para R$510 mil de valor+frete, pagariam-se ~R$185 mil de impostos ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Imposto%20de%20Importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20,35)) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=%C3%89%20importante%20lembrar%20que%20os,de%20c%C3%A1lculo%20%2B%20todos%20tributos)). Em resumo, importar um carro é altamente oneroso – e por isso restrito a colecionadores dispostos a pagar o preço ou modelos muito exclusivos sem equivalente nacional. Essas simulações deixam claro que a **tributação encarece fortemente os produtos importados por indivíduos**, variando de ~45% adicional em itens baratos a praticamente 100% em itens caros ou categorias protegidas. No próximo tópico, discutiremos as diferentes formas de importação e suas implicações (mencionadas nos exemplos acima), e na última seção veremos estratégias (legais ou não) usadas para tentar minimizar essa carga tributária. ## 4. Diferentes Formas de Importação por Pessoas Físicas Conforme já mencionado, a maneira como a importação é realizada influencia nos impostos aplicáveis e na burocracia envolvida. Vamos detalhar três formas comuns envolvendo pessoas físicas: a **compra direta internacional (remessa postal)**, a **compra via empresa importadora (produto revendido no Brasil)** e os casos de **produtos montados no Brasil com peças importadas**. Cada forma tem características distintas em termos de cobrança tributária e obrigações. ### 4.1 Compras Internacionais Diretas pela Internet (Remessas Postais e Expressas) Esta é a forma mais utilizada atualmente por pessoas físicas para adquirir produtos do exterior: comprando em **lojas online estrangeiras** (marketplaces chineses, sites americanos/europeus, etc.) e recebendo via correio ou transportadora. Como vimos, essas operações se enquadram no **Regime de Tributação Simplificada (RTS)** para **remessas internacionais até US$3.000**. As características principais desse modelo são: - **Declaração Simplificada e Tributo Unificado:** Não é necessário contratar despachante para pequenas encomendas; a própria empresa de courier ou os Correios apresentam a remessa à Receita. O imposto federal é cobrado de forma unificada como **Imposto de Importação**, nas alíquotas fixas (20% ou 60%). Esse imposto recolhido já substitui II, IPI, PIS e COFINS (que foram zerados ou englobados). Depois, cada estado aplica o ICMS cabível. Assim, o destinatário paga dois boletos: um de imposto federal e outro de ICMS (no caso dos Correios, era comum pagar tudo junto via portal *Minhas Importações*; no caso de plataformas integradas, o pagamento é antecipado no checkout). - **Cota de Isenção e Novas Regras:** Historicamente, pessoas físicas tinham isenção no II para presentes até US$50 enviados por outra pessoa física. Contudo, essa regra vinha sendo burlada (empresas marcando falsamente como pessoa física) e era ambígua. Em 2023, o governo federal anunciou o fim dessa isenção e, após debates, implementou a **tributação de 20% para qualquer compra até US$50** ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)). A medida entrou em vigor em **1º de agosto de 2024** ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=Publicado%20em%2001%2F08%2F2024%20)) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)). Portanto, **atualmente toda importação via correio é tributada**, não importando o valor – a diferença é apenas a alíquota. Medicamentos continuam isentos (desde que para uso próprio, até $10k) ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=Normas%20de%20taxa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20remessas,10%20mil%20segue%20sem%20tributa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)). Documentos, livros e jornais impressos também são isentos por lei. Fora essas exceções, até uma caneta de $5 teoricamente deve recolher 20% + ICMS (na prática, pode não ser cobrado se o custo de cobrar não valer a pena, mas oficialmente não há mais faixa livre). Essa mudança, conhecida popularmente como “taxação das blusinhas”, visa coibir a concorrência desleal de varejistas estrangeiros de pequeno valor com o comércio brasileiro ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=Image%3A%2001%2F06%2F2024%20,com%20o%20presidente%20da%20Casa)). - **Programa Remessa Conforme (PRC):** Paralelamente, a Receita Federal criou um programa voluntário para **plataformas de e-commerce internacionais se regularizarem**. Empresas como AliExpress, Shopee, Shein aderiram. Quando o vendedor é “certificado” no PRC, aplica-se a alíquota reduzida (20% até $50, 60% com desconto acima disso) e a plataforma se compromete a **recolher antecipadamente os impostos** e informar os dados da encomenda. Isso agiliza o despacho e garante conformidade. Se a compra for de um site fora do PRC, então **a Receita cobra 60% independentemente do valor** (sem desconto) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=,caso%2C%20n%C3%A3o%20haver%C3%A1%20nenhum%20desconto)). Ou seja, **quem não participar perde o benefício dos 20% para baixos valores** e do desconto de $20. Essa diferenciação incentiva as empresas a entrarem no programa. Em resumo: *compra em site participante tende a ter imposto menor e entrega mais rápida*, pois já vem tudo declarado e pago; *compra em site não participante arrisca pegar 60% sobre tudo e possível atraso para pagamento manual*. - **Pagamento dos Impostos:** Se o imposto não foi recolhido antecipadamente, o destinatário recebe uma notificação (antigamente via carta ou código de rastreio parado) e deve acessar o sistema dos Correios para pagar os tributos devidos (geralmente via boleto/cartão no sistema *Minhas Importações* do IdCorreios). Somente após o pagamento a encomenda é liberada para entrega. No caso de DHL, FedEx e outras couriers, normalmente elas fazem o desembaraço e pagam os impostos adiantado, entregando ao cliente mediante reembolso (ou faturam depois). Algumas cobram taxa administrativa pelo serviço. Com o PRC, o imposto pode ser cobrado já no ato da compra – várias plataformas implementaram isso (por exemplo, o AliExpress passou a mostrar “taxas e encargos” no checkout quando aplicável). Isso traz transparência ao consumidor final ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=O%20que%20as%20novas%20regras,compras%20internacionais%20mudam%20na%20pr%C3%A1tica)) e agiliza a alfândega, pois chega pré-declarado. - **Limites e Restrições:** A legislação aduaneira estabelece **limite de US$3.000 por remessa** para usar o RTS simplificado ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=principal%20mudan%C3%A7a%20anunciada%20diz%20respeito,entre%20produtos%20estrangeiros%20e%20nacionais)). Acima disso, a importação deve ser formal, via Declaração de Importação comum – o que, na prática, inviabiliza PF (exigiria habilitação no Siscomex, despachante). Então, pessoas físicas estão **limitadas a importar remessas até 3 mil dólares cada**. Não há um limite anual definido em lei para PF, mas volumes ou frequências muito altas podem levantar suspeita de fim comercial (o que exigiria CNPJ). Além disso, produtos controlados (por exemplo, certos eletrônicos com radiofrequência sem homologação Anatel, medicamentos sem registro Anvisa, alimentos de origem animal sem certificado, armas, etc.) podem ser barrados ou exigir licença, mesmo para PF. Em suma, **compras diretas pela internet** oferecem conveniência e acesso a preços internacionais, porém é preciso contar com a incidência dos impostos ao chegar. O comprador individual deve se preparar para pagar cerca de **60-100% a mais** do que o preço convertendo câmbio, por conta dos tributos. Apesar do custo, ainda pode valer a pena para itens indisponíveis no Brasil ou mesmo com impostos saindo mais barato que aqui (ocorre com eletrônicos e roupas em promoção lá fora, mesmo pagando imposto). É importante usar plataformas confiáveis e declarar corretamente os valores, para evitar problemas de fiscalização (subfaturar o valor na declaração aduaneira é ilegal e arriscado, como veremos na seção 5). Com as novas regras, essa modalidade ficou **mais regulada e transparente** – por exemplo, o consumidor já sabe no momento da compra quanto pagará de imposto e de ICMS, evitando surpresas na retirada ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=O%20que%20as%20novas%20regras,compras%20internacionais%20mudam%20na%20pr%C3%A1tica)). ### 4.2 Importação via Empresas (Produtos Revendidos no Brasil) Essa forma difere pois, estritamente falando, a **pessoa física não importa diretamente**, e sim **compra de uma pessoa jurídica nacional** que realizou a importação. São os casos de comprar produtos importados em lojas no Brasil – desde uma loja de eletrônicos no shopping até um vendedor no Mercado Livre que trouxe produtos de fora para revender. Do ponto de vista tributário, aqui valem as regras normais de comércio exterior para empresas: - A **empresa importadora** (com CNPJ) precisa estar habilitada no RADAR/Siscomex para operar importação. Ela fará a Declaração de Importação do bem, classificando-o corretamente, pagando os impostos correspondentes: **II conforme a TEC**, **IPI conforme TIPI**, **PIS-Importação 1,65% / COFINS-Importação 7,6%** (essas são as alíquotas padrão para empresas na não-cumulatividade, total 9,25%, pois para PJ são um pouco menores que para PF) e o **ICMS** estadual. Esses tributos incidem sobre a **compra internacional da empresa**. - A empresa, ao vender o produto no mercado interno, emitirá nota fiscal e **cobrará ICMS na venda** normalmente (e PIS/Cofins sobre seu faturamento). Contudo, há mecanismos de crédito: o **ICMS pago na importação gera crédito** para abater do ICMS na venda; o IPI pago na importação também pode ser creditado (caso ela seja indústria ou equiparada). O PIS/COFINS de importação pode ser creditado para abater do PIS/COFINS sobre vendas (no regime não cumulativo). Na prática, isso evita bitributação: por exemplo, se uma empresa importa um eletrônico de $100 pagando $60 de II e $18 de ICMS, quando for revender, ela tem crédito de $18 e vai recolher a diferença se vender com margem. O efeito final é que **os impostos de importação acabam integrando o custo base do produto**, e o consumidor final paga ICMS sobre o valor total na compra, mas não acumula com o ICMS da importação (pois esse foi creditado). Ainda assim, o preço final ao consumidor reflete todos os impostos pagos, mais os custos e margem do importador. - Para ilustrar: uma loja importa um gadget por $100 (R$500). Suponha II 20% (R$100), IPI 15% (R$75), PIS/COFINS 9,25% (R$46,25), ICMS 18% (R$ approximate 125, mas com base “por dentro” pode ser um pouco mais). Custo tributário ~R$346 sobre R$500 – total R$846. A loja então revende, digamos com 20% de margem sobre o custo sem imposto: custo c/imposto 846, margem (lucro + custos internos) talvez leve o preço a ~R$1.000. Na nota de venda ao consumidor, vai embutido ICMS sobre R$1.000 (digamos 18%, R$180) – mas a empresa abate do que já pagou na importação. Para o cliente, o preço é R$1.000, do qual R$180 é ICMS e o resto inclui os tributos de importação diluídos. Em termos percentuais, o **consumidor pagou ~100% a mais do que o valor FOB** (500 -> 1000). Isso é similar ao que ele pagaria se importasse diretamente com 60%+ICMS. Ou seja, **a carga tributária acaba aparecendo de um jeito ou de outro**. A diferença pode ser alguns pontos percentuais devido a créditos, mas também há lucro do importador. - **Vantagens e desvantagens:** Para o consumidor, comprar de uma empresa brasileira traz vantagens como: produto já disponível imediatamente (ou com entrega local rápida), nenhuma burocracia de desembaraço ou risco de retenção na alfândega, pagamento parcelado em reais, garantia local, assistência técnica, etc. Em contrapartida, o **custo tende a ser maior** que importar por conta própria (a não ser em casos de economias de escala ou acordos comerciais). Empresas também podem trazer volumes maiores, reduzindo custo unitário de frete, e conseguem negociações de preço de fábrica melhores – isso às vezes compensa parcialmente os impostos. Por exemplo, consoles de videogame oficialmente importados tiveram preços um pouco menores do que se a pessoa importasse unidade a unidade, pois a Sony/Microsoft negociam isenção de II (via *ex-tarifário*) e importam em massa. Já produtos de baixo valor, quando importados legalmente por lojas, podem ficar até mais caros que comprar direto da China sem intermediário (pois o importador tem custos fixos, lucro e impostos plenos, enquanto o consumidor final às vezes escapava de imposto ou tinha menor). - **Exemplos comuns:** lojas de roupas que trazem peças de marcas de fora, vendedores de suplementos alimentares importados, concessionárias de carros importados (estas muitas vezes são as próprias montadoras ou representantes, que trazem os veículos pagando todos impostos – por isso carros importados custam tão caro nas concessionárias). No caso de **automóveis**, vale citar que além dos impostos, as importadoras oficiais tinham até 2015 um adicional do programa *Inovar-Auto* (30 pontos percentuais extras de IPI) se excedessem cotas – isso encarecia ainda mais. Esse programa terminou, mas a carga segue alta. Para eletrônicos, um exemplo: a Apple vende no Brasil iPhones importados (alguns modelos sem montagem local) – o preço inclui II 0% (celulares estavam isentos de II pelo acordo ITA), mas IPI ~15%, ICMS ~12-18%, PIS/Cofins 9,25%. Resultado: ~40-50% de impostos e o resto é margem + custo Brasil, levando iPhones a custarem quase o dobro do preço dos EUA. Em síntese, **comprar de uma empresa local** significa que a **pessoa física não lida com a alfândega**, mas **paga no preço final todos os tributos**. Empresas bem estruturadas podem otimizar a operação (classificar corretamente para pegar menores alíquotas, usar eventuais benefícios fiscais, aproveitar créditos). Uma prática comum de lojas é usar regimes como **Importação por Conta e Ordem** ou **Encomenda**: uma trading realiza a importação em nome de um terceiro encomendante. Isso não muda tributos, mas facilita a logística. Para o consumidor final comum, o importante é saber que quando ele compra algo “importado” no Brasil (ex.: videogame, perfume, roupa de marca), embutido naquele preço há uma longa cadeia de impostos de importação e internos. Por isso, muitos buscam “importar sozinho para economizar a margem do lojista”. Entretanto, com o fim da isenção < $50 e fiscalização maior, a vantagem pode ter diminuído – as lojas agora pelo menos competem em igualdade tributária em teoria ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=total%20do%20imposto,entre%20produtos%20estrangeiros%20e%20nacionais)). ### 4.3 Produtos Montados no Brasil com Peças/Insumos Importados Uma parcela significativa dos produtos “nacionais” vendidos no Brasil contém componentes importados. Essa forma de produção é incentivada pelo governo por meio de **redução de impostos** comparativamente à importação do produto acabado. O mecanismo básico: a empresa **importa insumos com tarifas menores** (às vezes até isenção via ex-tarifário se a peça não tiver similar nacional), realiza alguma fabricação ou montagem local, gerando valor agregado aqui. Com isso, o produto final, embora contenha conteúdo importado, é considerado fabricado no Brasil – paga impostos como produto nacional, e não os de importação (o II incidiu só nos componentes). Alguns exemplos e efeitos tributários: - **Setor Automotivo:** Montadoras importam milhares de peças (motores, eletrônicos, etc.), mas montam o carro no país. As autopeças normalmente têm II inferior a veículos montados – por exemplo, pneus 16%, componentes diversos 14%, etc., contra 35% se trouxesse o carro inteiro. Além disso, o governo historicamente deu incentivos de IPI para montadoras que atingissem certos índices de nacionalização ou investimentos locais (*Inovar-Auto 2013-2017, Rota 2030 2018-2023*). Então, um carro “nacional” paga IPI conforme cilindrada (entre 7% e 25%), ICMS sobre o preço (12% interestadual, 18% interno), PIS/Cofins ~9.25% – carga alta, mas sem os 35% de II. Já um carro importado paga aquele II pesado e não desfruta de incentivos. Resultado: Carros produzidos aqui conseguem ser vendidos mais baratos (ou com mais margem) que se fossem importados. Ainda assim, ambos são caros por tributos internos, mas o importado é pior. As montadoras também usam o regime de **CKD (Completely Knocked Down)** – importam kits completamente desmontados – para certos modelos, apenas montando e pintando aqui, justamente para enquadrar como local. Essa prática é aceita dentro de limites (exige cumprir o PPB mínimo). - **Eletrônicos e Informática:** O Brasil estabeleceu a **Lei de Informática (Lei 8.248/91)** que reduz o IPI de produtos de tecnologia feitos no país, em troca de investimentos em P&D. Isso fomentou fábricas de celulares, TVs, computadores em Manaus e outros polos. Por exemplo, smartphones montados no Brasil chegaram a ter **isenção de PIS/COFINS** (Programa “Telefones celulares do Bem”) e IPI reduzido, tornando-os bem mais baratos que importados. Um *smartphone importado* paga ~15% IPI, enquanto um *montado no Brasil* às vezes pagava 0-5%. Os componentes importados (telas, chips) entram com II baixo (muitos semicondutores têm II zero por não ter similar aqui). Com isso, marcas como Samsung, Motorola produzem localmente e conseguem vender com preços competitivos (ainda altos vs. mundo, mas menores do que se trouxessem prontos). Um **notebook montado no Brasil** tem carga tributária final em torno de 33-40% ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Computador%20,TABLET%2047%2C90)), enquanto importado seria 60%+. Vide também consoles de videogame: a Sony passou a montar o PlayStation no Brasil para se beneficiar de imposto menor – o preço do PS5 nacional caiu em relação ao importado. - **Outros setores:** Móveis, brinquedos, diversos segmentos seguem estratégia similar – importar partes, finalizar aqui. Até alimentos: por exemplo, concentrado de vinho importado engarrafado no Brasil pode ter algum benefício. O Polo Industrial de Manaus é um caso peculiar: lá empresas montam produtos com isenção ou redução de impostos federais (II, IPI, PIS/Cofins) e depois, ao vender para o resto do país, recolhem apenas parcialmente os tributos (há crédito fictício etc.). Isso explica porque há fábricas de eletrônicos em Manaus – é mais barato importar componentes via Zona Franca (II zero) e montar lá, do que importar o produto pronto pagando II e IPI cheios. **Implicação para o consumidor:** Quando ele compra um produto “Fabricado no Brasil”, tende a pagar menos imposto do que compraria o similar importado. Porém, ele pode não perceber – simplesmente acha aquele produto mais barato. Por exemplo, um **smartphone nacional de R$2000 vs importado R$3000** – a diferença em boa parte são impostos poupados. As empresas às vezes repassam parte dessa economia de imposto no preço para ganhar mercado. Entretanto, quando não há concorrência externa forte (devido a tarifas), pode acontecer de o preço ao consumidor ser alto de qualquer forma e a empresa capturar a margem. Em todo caso, do ponto de vista da **carga tributária total**: produtos com peças importadas e montagem local **reduzem a carga tributária de importação, mas ainda sofrem os tributos internos**. É uma “meia importação” – paga-se menos II, mas paga IPI/ICMS de produto nacional. **Exemplo ilustrativo:** Um **tênis**: se importado pronto, II 35%. Muitas empresas optam por **“maquilar”** – enviam peças ou partes para países vizinhos (Paraguai) montarem e depois internalizam com tarifa Mercosul 0%. Ou trazem componentes e montam no Brasil. Assim, evitam o II de 35%. Ainda pagarão IPI (se aplicável) e ICMS, mas a economia é grande. Essa prática de “triangular” produção é comum e dentro da lei quando feita adequadamente. Assim, roupas e calçados de marca muitas vezes são fabricados em parte no Mercosul para entrar com tarifa zero, diminuindo o custo tributário. Em resumo, **montar no Brasil** é uma das estratégias legais mais eficazes para **driblar a enorme carga de importação**, ao mesmo tempo gerando empregos localmente. O governo incentiva isso justamente para transferir parte da atividade econômica para cá, mesmo que ainda dependente de insumos importados. Para o consumidor que busca preços menores, preferir produtos montados nacionalmente (quando disponíveis) costuma significar pagar menos impostos embutidos – por exemplo, o **smartphone nacional com 36% de tributos vs importado com 62%** já citado ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Monitor%20,Cassete%2047%2C65)). Todavia, nem sempre há opção nacional para certos produtos exclusivos do exterior, e é aí que entram as escolhas entre importar diretamente ou pagar caro de importador. ## 5. Estratégias e Artifícios para Reduzir a Tributação de Importados Diante da elevada carga tributária sobre importados, é natural que importadores – inclusive pessoas físicas abastadas – busquem maneiras de **pagar menos impostos**. Algumas estratégias são legítimas (planejamento tributário dentro da lei), enquanto outras são ilegais ou configuram sonegação/contrabando. Nesta seção final, discutiremos criticamente algumas práticas utilizadas, como o uso de **pessoas jurídicas por indivíduos**, o **subfaturamento de valores** e a já mencionada **montagem local parcial** para escapar de tributos. **a) Uso de “importação via CNPJ” para usufruto pessoal:** Pessoas físicas com alto poder aquisitivo muitas vezes criam ou utilizam empresas (CNPJ) para realizar importações que, na verdade, são para uso próprio e não para revenda. Qual a vantagem disso? Como vimos na seção 4.2, uma empresa pode importar sem as limitações de valor de PF e, principalmente, **pode se creditar de impostos**. Por exemplo, imagine alguém querendo importar um equipamento caro de uso pessoal (digamos, um ultrassom médico, ou um servidor de informática). Se importar como PF, pagaria todos os impostos sem chance de recuperá-los. Se esse alguém tiver uma empresa (mesmo que seja só de fachada) no regime de lucro real, a empresa importaria o equipamento: pagaria II, IPI, PIS/COFINS, ICMS. Porém, poderia **lançar créditos de PIS/COFINS** desses 11.75% (caso o bem entre como ativo ou estoque) abatendo de impostos futuros, e eventualmente **compensar o IPI** (se fosse indústria) e **usar o bem como despesa depreciável** para reduzir o IRPJ. Mesmo o ICMS, se a empresa tiver vendas, ela credita. Em suma, **a carga líquida para a empresa pode ser menor** que para uma pessoa física, especialmente no longo prazo (via créditos tributários). Além disso, empresas podem conseguir regimes especiais – por exemplo, importar via **Admissão Temporária** (se alegar que é para demonstração e reexportar depois, evitando tributos imediatamente) ou trazer em **entreposto aduaneiro** e nacionalizar aos poucos. Esses artifícios não estão abertos à PF. Outra situação: uma pessoa física pode comprar um produto importado através da **empresa de um conhecido ou familiar**, muitas vezes pagando os impostos pelo CNPJ deste que opera em importação, pois assim consegue usar a estrutura dele e talvez valores menores de frete (consolidando mercadorias). Em alguns casos, pessoas com pequenas empresas de comércio exterior “emprestam” seu CNPJ para amigos importarem itens pessoais sob sua fatura. Isso não é exatamente ilegal se os impostos são pagos, mas **configura desvio de finalidade** (a importação deveria ser para a empresa revender ou usar, não para repassar a um indivíduo sem nota). Se flagrado, pode caracterizar interposição fraudulenta. Um exemplo prático: **importar um carro via CNPJ** – pessoas ricas às vezes importam carros colocando no nome de suas empresas (que podem ser locadoras, por exemplo). Por quê? Antigamente, locadoras tinham isenção de IPI na compra de veículos, mas para importados não se aplicava. Ainda assim, colocar no CNPJ pode permitir contabilizar como ativo da empresa e, se a empresa for do Simples ou isenta de certos impostos, pode acabar não pagando algo. Há também quem tente registrar o carro como veículo de coleção via CNPJ de museu, etc., para obter alguma isenção. De modo geral, **usar PJ para trazer bens de consumo pessoais** é uma área cinzenta: legalmente, se todos os tributos foram recolhidos, não há crime – mas pode ser questionado se caracterizar falta de propósito negocial. Por exemplo, a legislação veda que se importe em nome de terceiros sem habilitação (seria configurado despachante não autorizado). No mínimo, usar PJ dribla o limite de US$3.000 e a necessidade do RTS – a empresa pode fazer DI sem limite de valor, então dá para trazer, digamos, $100 mil em equipamentos de som que um entusiasta queira, o que PF não conseguiria. **b) Subfaturamento do valor de importação:** Esta é uma prática **ilegal** bastante comum historicamente: declarar na alfândega um valor menor do que o real pago, para pagar menos imposto (já que os tributos incidem sobre o valor aduaneiro). **Subfaturamento ocorre quando o importador emite ou apresenta uma fatura comercial com valor inferior ao realmente pago, normalmente mediante fraude ou conluio com o fornecedor estrangeiro** ([A ocorrência de subfaturamento mediante fraude nas operações de importação e as consequências jurídicas - Assis Advocacia](https://assisadvocacia.com.br/a-ocorrencia-de-subfaturamento-mediante-fraude-nas-operacoes-de-importacao-e-as-consequencias-juridicas/#:~:text=O%20subfaturamento%20ocorre%20quando%20o,uma%20conduta%20il%C3%ADcita%2C%20com%20o)). Por exemplo, compra-se um relógio de luxo por $1000, mas a fatura declarada é de $100; a Receita então cobraria impostos só sobre $100. Isso pode reduzir drasticamente a tributação – no exemplo, de ~R$5000 em impostos cairia para ~R$500. No comércio formal, isso configura crime (sonegação, declaração falsa) e se descoberto leva a multas pesadas e apreensão das mercadorias. A Receita Federal possui métodos de combate ao subfaturamento: bancos de dados de preços de referência, comparação com importações similares, informações de aduanas estrangeiras, etc., podendo arbitrar um valor caso suspeite de fraude ([A ocorrência de subfaturamento mediante fraude nas operações de importação e as consequências jurídicas - Assis Advocacia](https://assisadvocacia.com.br/a-ocorrencia-de-subfaturamento-mediante-fraude-nas-operacoes-de-importacao-e-as-consequencias-juridicas/#:~:text=De%20acordo%20com%20o%20art,ou%20pre%C3%A7o%20no%20mercado%20internacional)). Grandes empresas raramente arriscam subfaturar porque as consequências (perdimento da carga, multa de 100% do valor) são graves ([Subfaturamento e subvaloração em matéria aduaneira e o Carf](https://www.conjur.com.br/2021-ago-11/direto-carf-subfaturamento-subvaloracao-materia-aduaneira-jurisprudencia-carf/#:~:text=Subfaturamento%20e%20subvalora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20em%20mat%C3%A9ria,com%20a%20exig%C3%AAncia%20das)). Já contrabandistas e pessoas físicas às vezes tentam. Na importação via remessa postal, era comum o remetente declarar “Gift $20” para tentar isenção – isso é um tipo de subfaturamento (ou falsa declaração de gift). Com o fim da isenção, agora muitos poderão tentar declarar valor menor para cair na faixa de 20% de imposto, ou apenas para pagar menos. Porém, as transportadoras e Receita estão atentas: se um produto claramente vale mais do que o declarado, ele pode ser retido e o imposto reestimado. **Exemplo**: um smartphone novo declarado como $50 (quando o modelo vale $500) provavelmente terá o valor contestado pela fiscalização, que pode arbitrar o valor real com base em fontes de mercado ([A ocorrência de subfaturamento mediante fraude nas operações de importação e as consequências jurídicas - Assis Advocacia](https://assisadvocacia.com.br/a-ocorrencia-de-subfaturamento-mediante-fraude-nas-operacoes-de-importacao-e-as-consequencias-juridicas/#:~:text=De%20acordo%20com%20o%20art,ou%20pre%C3%A7o%20no%20mercado%20internacional)). Em contextos de grande porte, subfaturamento envolve esquemas complexos, como triangulação: a empresa paga $1000 ao fornecedor, mas este emite fatura de $100 e outra empresa offshore recebe $900 “por fora”. Isso é evasão clássica. Pessoas físicas podem combinar com vendedores menores de e-commerce para subdeclarar – mas isso hoje afeta até a plataforma, pois se descoberto podem perder o certificado PRC e sofrer sanções. Portanto, **subfaturar é arriscado e ilegal**, embora seja um meio tentado para reduzir os ~60% de imposto. A **legislação brasileira pune** com multa de 100% do valor subfaturado e até pena criminal em casos graves ([Subfaturamento e subvaloração em matéria aduaneira e o Carf](https://www.conjur.com.br/2021-ago-11/direto-carf-subfaturamento-subvaloracao-materia-aduaneira-jurisprudencia-carf/#:~:text=Subfaturamento%20e%20subvalora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20em%20mat%C3%A9ria,com%20a%20exig%C3%AAncia%20das)). Recentemente, o STJ decidiu que só subfaturamento por si não basta para pena de perdimento do bem, mas aplicam a multa ([Artigos e Notícias sobre Subfaturamento na Importação - Jusbrasil](https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/busca?q=subfaturamento+na+importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o#:~:text=STJ%20Decide%20que%20mercadoria%20importada,Especial%20Aduaneiro%20%C2%B7%20A)). De toda forma, a Receita tem aperfeiçoado o monitoramento para coibir. **c) “Laranja” ou divisão de encomendas para ficar isento:** Antes das novas regras, um truque disseminado era dividir uma compra em vários pacotes abaixo de $50, enviados a diferentes destinatários (amigos ou familiares), tentando aproveitar a isenção para pessoa física. Ex: alguém comprava 10 camisetas de $10 cada e pedia para enviar 2 por vez em 5 encomendas para nomes diferentes. Ou usar endereços de conhecidos. Isso tecnicamente é fraude contra a isenção e, com a tributação universal agora, perdeu sentido (já não tem isenção a aproveitar). Ainda existe a possibilidade de dividir para cair na alíquota de 20% em vez de 60%, mas a economia não é enorme e o frete múltiplo aumenta custo. No caso de bens trazidos na bagagem acompanhada (viagem), há quem **use outras pessoas (laranjas)** para trazer itens dentro da cota. Ex: alguém traz um laptop de $1500, então declara um dentro da sua cota de $500 e repassa os outros para parentes declararem ou dizerem ser deles. Isso burla o limite, mas é difícil de fiscalizar se as pessoas combinarem as histórias. Porém, se for algo volumoso (vários eletrônicos iguais), a alfândega pode apreender por suspeita de fim comercial. **d) Importação via fronteiras terrestres (descaminho):** Indivíduos de altíssimo poder aquisitivo às vezes recorrem ao *contrabando* ou *descaminho* puro e simples para itens de luxo. Por exemplo, importar um carro de luxo via Paraguai e não pagar impostos (há casos emblemáticos de apreensão de carros importados ilegalmente). Ou mandar vir contêineres rotulados como outra mercadoria. Essas práticas são criminosas e fogem do escopo deste relatório, mas vale mencionar que existem rotas ilegais para quem quer zero imposto. Um caso clássico: eletrônicos do Paraguai entrando via Foz do Iguaçu sem pagar imposto (descaminho) e abastecendo mercados cinza. Pessoas ricas podem bancar esquemas mais elaborados, porém os riscos são proporcionais (perdimento, multas, processos). **e) Montagem/desmontagem para burlar classificação:** Relacionado ao item c) da seção 4 e ao subfaturamento, existe a prática de importar bens em partes para enquadrar em outra classificação tarifária com tributo menor ou evitar proibição. Por exemplo, no passado, alguns importadores traziam **carros usados desmontados em várias remessas de peças** e depois montavam aqui – tentando driblar a proibição de importar carro usado e diluindo o valor em peças (cada peça com II menor). A Receita e a legislação consideram isso fraude – se conseguirem vincular que as peças compõem um todo preordenado, podem autuar. Outro exemplo: importar computadores em peças separadas para não ultrapassar limites de valor e talvez escapar de imposto em alguns itens (um processador caro declarado como “amostra” etc.). Isso também é arriscado, mas já houve muitos casos. Até armas: importar peças separadas de armas (o que algumas são permitidas) para montar uma arma completa que seria proibida. São subterfúgios ilegais usados para contornar restrições e impostos. No âmbito **legal**, a montagem local (CKD) já foi abordada – é permitida se seguir as regras do PPB. O **limite entre legal e ilegal** às vezes é tênue: se a “montagem local” for meramente simbólica só para mudar classificação, pode ser contestada. Por isso o governo define porcentagens mínimas de nacionalização no PPB. **f) Aproveitamento de regimes especiais por PF:** Embora a maioria dos regimes aduaneiros especiais seja para empresas (ex: drawback, entreposto), algumas situações permitem PF se beneficiarem. Uma delas: **bagagem desacompanhada** – mudança para o Brasil, a pessoa pode trazer seus bens usados isentos (exceto veículos). Pessoas já tentaram simular mudança para trazer itens sem imposto. Outra: **remessas postais como presente** – já foi isenção, agora não mais. **Compras em Duty Free chegando do exterior**: isenção adicional de US$1000 (além da cota de viagem) para gastar em loja franca. Pessoas de maior poder aquisitivo aproveitam isso comprando eletrônicos e bebidas no free shop, que são importados livres de imposto (mas limitados em quantidade). Em perspectiva crítica, nota-se que **quanto maior o poder aquisitivo, maior a capacidade de aproveitar brechas**. Um cidadão comum que compra um celular de $200 pouco pode fazer além de pagar os impostos. Já um empresário que queira importar um equipamento de $200 mil pode contratar consultoria tributária para achar o melhor caminho (por ex., importar via sua empresa no Paraguai e depois trazer com imposto reduzido Mercosul, ou instalar uma linha de montagem e pedir ex-tarifário). Há assimetria de acesso a planejamentos sofisticados. Isso gera discussões sobre **justiça fiscal**: muitos argumentam que a alta tributação de importados penaliza o consumidor comum e protege empresas – e que os muito ricos driblam de alguma forma (seja trazendo em viagem, seja via empresas). O governo, por sua vez, tenta fechar brechas e **intensificar a fiscalização**: o fim da isenção < $50 é um exemplo (visava atingir compras fracionadas de classe média que estavam escapando e prejudicando o varejo nacional) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=Image%3A%2001%2F06%2F2024%20,com%20o%20presidente%20da%20Casa)). Outra frente é a cooperação internacional para detectar subfaturamento (como citado no exemplo do fisco americano informando valores reais ao brasileiro em caso de fraude comprovada ([A ocorrência de subfaturamento mediante fraude nas operações de importação e as consequências jurídicas - Assis Advocacia](https://assisadvocacia.com.br/a-ocorrencia-de-subfaturamento-mediante-fraude-nas-operacoes-de-importacao-e-as-consequencias-juridicas/#:~:text=m%C3%A9dicos%2C%20que%20sofrera%20autua%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20fiscal,consequente%20diminui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20dos%20tributos%20pagos))). Também se discute a implementação de um **IVA sobre importações de pessoa física** que unifique tributos de maneira mais simples e talvez reduza o incentivo à informalidade. Em conclusão, **mecanismos como subfaturamento e laranjas são ilícitos e combatidos**, enquanto o **uso de pessoas jurídicas e montagem local** podem ser ferramentas legais de planejamento, desde que a finalidade comercial exista e não seja apenas um simulacro para sonegar. Pessoas físicas de maior renda, via de regra, utilizam **importadoras especializadas** (ou suas próprias empresas) para trazer iates, carros, obras de arte, com menor impacto tributário possível – mas pagando pelo menos parte dos tributos de forma oficial. O custo Brasil na importação é elevado, e essas estratégias são sintomas de um sistema complexo: quem pode, tenta navegar nas exceções; quem não pode, acaba arcando com o peso cheio dos impostos ou desistindo da importação. ## Considerações Finais A carga tributária incidente sobre produtos importados no Brasil – especialmente quando adquiridos por pessoas físicas – é extremamente elevada em comparação internacional. Impostos como II, IPI, ICMS e PIS/COFINS, somados, podem facilmente dobrar o preço de um bem importado. Esse cenário resulta de uma política protecionista histórica e da necessidade de arrecadação, mas tem implicações no acesso do consumidor a bens estrangeiros e na competitividade do e-commerce global versus o comércio local. Resumidamente, para a pessoa física: - Importações **diretas** (internet) agora sofrem tributação em *todas* as faixas de valor (20% ou 60% de imposto de importação + ICMS estadual), tornando inviável a antiga prática de compras isentas até $50. A burocracia, entretanto, foi reduzida via programas de conformidade, permitindo pagar antecipado e receber os produtos já nacionalizados, o que é um avanço em transparência ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=O%20que%20as%20novas%20regras,compras%20internacionais%20mudam%20na%20pr%C3%A1tica)). - Produtos **importados por empresas** e vendidos no mercado interno carregam no preço final todos os tributos pagos pelo importador. O consumidor, ao optar por comprar no Brasil, paga por conveniência e suporte, mas essencialmente arca com carga semelhante (ou maior) à que teria se importasse sozinho – com a diferença de que ele não vê explicitamente esses impostos diluídos. - As alíquotas variam conforme a **categoria**: bens supérfluos (perfumes, bebidas, luxo) têm II/IPI altos; bens de capital e informática às vezes são favorecidos. Assim, a carga efetiva pode ir de ~50% (por exemplo, livros isentos, ou eletrônicos de informática com incentivos) até ~100% (vestuário, automóveis). Em média, a maioria dos bens de consumo importados incorre em cerca de **60% a 80% de tributos** sobre o valor de origem. - **Exemplos numéricos** demonstram o impacto: um tênis de R$300 vira ~R$550; um celular de R$1500 vira ~R$2800; um carro de R$100 mil vira ~R$200 mil, tudo legalmente e apenas por conta dos impostos. Isso sem falar no frete internacional, que é outro custo relevante. - Pessoas com recursos buscaram e continuam buscando formas de **minimizar esses custos**: seja operando via empresas (com créditos ou menor fiscalização), seja até recorrendo a práticas ilegais. O fisco tem apertado o cerco – a digitalização e o cruzamento de dados tornam mais difícil fugir ileso. Ainda assim, a complexidade do sistema tributário oferece brechas que alguns exploram. Do ponto de vista de política pública, há um equilíbrio difícil entre proteger a indústria nacional e não onerar excessivamente o consumidor ou inviabilizar a participação do Brasil no comércio eletrônico global. Medidas recentes apontam para uma equalização: cobrar impostos de importados de baixo valor para equiparar com os nacionais, ao mesmo tempo simplificando o pagamento. No horizonte, a **Reforma Tributária** proposta (IVA dual) possivelmente substituirá PIS/COFINS e ICMS por impostos mais simples, o que mudará a forma de tributação nas importações. Mas o **II e IPI (ou Imposto Seletivo)** devem permanecer como instrumentos de proteção e arrecadação, então importações pessoais provavelmente continuarão enfrentando carga elevada. Em conclusão, quem importar produtos como pessoa física no Brasil deve estar ciente de todos esses impostos e regulamentações para evitar surpresas e problemas. Sempre vale conferir as fontes oficiais (como a cartilha “Compras no Exterior” da Receita Federal) e planejar a compra incluindo os tributos. Este estudo procurou detalhar esses aspectos com base nas normas atuais (2024/2025) e fornecer uma visão crítica das consequências e estratégias em torno da tributação de importados. Apesar dos pesares, importar ainda pode ser vantajoso em casos específicos, mas é fundamental fazê-lo de forma legal e consciente dos custos envolvidos – que, como vimos, são tudo menos triviais no Brasil. **Fontes:** - Receita Federal – Portal *Compras Internacionais*: **Quanto vou pagar de impostos?** (atualizado em 01/04/2025) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=,caso%2C%20n%C3%A3o%20haver%C3%A1%20nenhum%20desconto)) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=2)) ([Quanto vou pagar de impostos ? — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/aduana-e-comercio-exterior/manuais/remessas-postal-e-expressa/preciso-pagar-impostos-nas-compras-internacionais/quanto-pagarei-de-imposto#:~:text=desconto%20de%20US%24%2020%3A)) - Agência Brasil (EBC) – **Compras de até US$50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa** (01/08/2024) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=As%20compras%20de%20at%C3%A9%20US%24,Image%20%20111)) ([Compras de até US$ 50 pela internet começam a pagar 20% de tarifa | Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2024-08/compras-de-ate-us-50-pela-internet-comecam-pagar-20-de-tarifa#:~:text=Pelas%20regras%20aduaneiras%2C%20o%20Imposto,e%20o%20Imposto%20de%20Importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)) - Agência Brasil – **ICMS sobre compras internacionais sobe para 20% em 10 estados** (31/03/2025) ([ICMS sobre compras internacionais sobe para 20% em 10 estados | Radioagência Nacional](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/radioagencia-nacional/economia/audio/2025-03/icms-sobre-compras-internacionais-sobe-para-20-em-10-estados#:~:text=A%20al%C3%ADquota%20do%20Imposto%20Sobre,pelo%20Regime%20de%20Tributa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Simplificada)) ([ICMS sobre compras internacionais sobe para 20% em 10 estados | Radioagência Nacional](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/radioagencia-nacional/economia/audio/2025-03/icms-sobre-compras-internacionais-sobe-para-20-em-10-estados#:~:text=Dessa%20forma%2C%20a%20importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de,ou%2020)) - Nuvemshop Blog – **Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados?** (27/01/2025) ([Taxa de importação 2025: saiba quais são os valores e taxas](https://www.nuvemshop.com.br/blog/saiba-quais-impostos-voce-deve-pagar-ao-importar-produtos-do-exterior/#:~:text=As%20compras%20internacionais%20de%20at%C3%A9,Correios%20quanto%20por%20empresas%20privadas)) ([Taxa de importação 2025: saiba quais são os valores e taxas](https://www.nuvemshop.com.br/blog/saiba-quais-impostos-voce-deve-pagar-ao-importar-produtos-do-exterior/#:~:text=match%20at%20L421%20uma%20al%C3%ADquota,para%20a%20importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20servi%C3%A7os)) - Promobit Blog – **Taxação de produtos importados – novas regras** (21/08/2024) ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=J%C3%A1%20os%20produtos%20que%20custam,21%20de%20agosto%20de%202024)) ([Como funciona a taxação de produtos importados? - Promobit](https://www.promobit.com.br/blog/como-funciona-a-taxacao-de-produtos-importados-297/#:~:text=Produtos%20acima%20de%2050%20d%C3%B3lares)) - Impostômetro (IBPT) – **Carga tributária por produto** (consulta em 2025) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Monitor%20,Cassete%2047%2C65)) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Roupas%2034%2C67,Terno%20%28traje%2936%2C02)) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Papel%20Higi%C3%AAnico%20%28com%204%20rolos%2936%2C98,Talco%2041%2C71)) ([Relação de produtos - Impostômetro](https://impostometro.com.br/home/relacaoprodutos#:~:text=Vinho%20nacional%2045%2C56,Wisky%2056%2C40)) - MaximaSul – **Processo de importação de carros** (artigo técnico, 2023) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=Imposto%20de%20Importa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20,35)) ([Veja como é o processo de importação de carros novos e usados no Brasil](https://maximasul.com.br/artigos/veja-como-e-o-processo-de-importacao-de-carros-novos-e-usados-no-brasil/#:~:text=%C3%89%20importante%20lembrar%20que%20os,de%20c%C3%A1lculo%20%2B%20todos%20tributos)) - Assis Advocacia – **Subfaturamento em importação e consequências jurídicas** (2021) ([A ocorrência de subfaturamento mediante fraude nas operações de importação e as consequências jurídicas - Assis Advocacia](https://assisadvocacia.com.br/a-ocorrencia-de-subfaturamento-mediante-fraude-nas-operacoes-de-importacao-e-as-consequencias-juridicas/#:~:text=O%20subfaturamento%20ocorre%20quando%20o,uma%20conduta%20il%C3%ADcita%2C%20com%20o)) - Legislação: Lei 14.502/2022 (Programa Mover), IN RFB 2220/2023 (Remessa Conforme), Portaria MF 1086/2024, etc., conforme divulgado pela Receita Federal ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=principal%20mudan%C3%A7a%20anunciada%20diz%20respeito,entre%20produtos%20estrangeiros%20e%20nacionais)) ([Receita Federal implementa novas regras para as importações por e-commerce — Receita Federal ](https://www.gov.br/receitafederal/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/julho/receita-federal-implementa-novas-regras-para-as-importacoes-por-e-commerce#:~:text=Robinson%20Barreirinhas%2C%20secret%C3%A1rio%20especial%20da,1%C2%BA%20de%20agosto%20deste%20ano)).

@ 21c9f12c:75695e59

## Details - 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour and 15 minutes ## Ingredients - 1 cup dried red lentils - (2) 25-ounce jars marinara sauce - 1 cup raw cashews - 14.5 ounce firm tofu (patted dry) - ½ cup nutritional yeast - 3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice (from about 2 lemons) - 1 teaspoon salt - 1 teaspoon dried basil - 1 teaspoon oregano - ½ teaspoon garlic powder - 3 cups baby spinach - 1 box lasagna noodles (about 12 noodles) (regular, gluten free or whole grain) - Double recipe Easy Vegan Mozzarella Cheese (or 2-3 cups shredded vegan mozzarella) ## Directions 1. lentilsCook the red lentils . Add 1 cup dried red lentils and 3 cups of water to a medium pot. Bring to a boil, and then simmer for about 20 minutes. Drain the lentils in a fine strainer, and then add back to the pot and stir in the marinara sauce . Set aside. 2. ovenPreheat the oven to 350 degrees . 3. Make the Cashew-Tofu Ricotta: Add the cashews to a food processor and process until fine and crumbly. Then add the tofu in chunks, nutritional yeast , lemon juice , salt , basil , oregano and garlic powder to the food processor. Pulse until well combined and pretty smooth. If it's too thick, add a few tablespoons of water to blend. Set aside. 4. LasagnaAssembling the lasagna: Add about 1 cup of lentil marinara to the bottom of a large 9x13 inch casserole dish. Spread it around evenly. Next add 4-5 lasagna noodles (uncooked). Spread half of the ricotta on top of the noodles . Top with half of the spinach . Add about 1 cup of the marinara sauce over the spinach , then place 4-5 lasagna noodles on top. Spread the rest of the ricotta over the noodles , then the rest of the spinach . Place 4-5 more noodles on top of the spinach , and then pour the rest of the sauce over the top, evenly. 5. LasagnaCover tightly with foil and bake for 40 minutes. 6. MozzarellaWhile the lasagna is cooking, make your Vegan Mozzarella Cheese , if using. Alternatively, use 2-3 cups store bought vegan mozzarella cheese . 7. LasagnaAfter 40 minutes, remove the foil and spoon on the mozzarella (or sprinkle the cheese all over). Place the lasagna back in the oven and bake for 20 more minutes, uncovered. Remove from oven, let cool for at least 15 minutes and serve.

@ c066aac5:6a41a034

I’m drawn to extremities in art. The louder, the bolder, the more outrageous, the better. Bold art takes me out of the mundane into a whole new world where anything and everything is possible. Having grown up in the safety of the suburban midwest, I was a bit of a rebellious soul in search of the satiation that only came from the consumption of the outrageous. My inclination to find bold art draws me to NOSTR, because I believe NOSTR can be the place where the next generation of artistic pioneers go to express themselves. I also believe that as much as we are able, were should invite them to come create here. # My Background: A Small Side Story  My father was a professional gamer in the 80s, back when there was no money or glory in the avocation. He did get a bit of spotlight though after the fact: in the mid 2000’s there were a few parties making documentaries about that era of gaming as well as current arcade events (namely 2007’s*Chasing Ghosts*and*The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters*). As a result of these documentaries, there was a revival in the arcade gaming scene. My family attended events related to the documentaries or arcade gaming and I became exposed to a lot of things I wouldn’t have been able to find. The producer of*The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters* had previously made a documentary called*New York Doll*which was centered around the life of bassist Arthur Kane. My 12 year old mind was blown: The New York Dolls were a glam-punk sensation dressed in drag. The music was from another planet. Johnny Thunders’ guitar playing was like Chuck Berry with more distortion and less filter. Later on I got to meet the Galaga record holder at the time, Phil Day, in Ottumwa Iowa. Phil is an Australian man of high intellect and good taste. He exposed me to great creators such as Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds, Shakespeare, Lou Reed, artists who created things that I had previously found inconceivable. I believe this time period informed my current tastes and interests, but regrettably I think it also put coals on the fire of rebellion within. I stopped taking my parents and siblings seriously, the Christian faith of my family (which I now hold dearly to) seemed like a mundane sham, and I felt I couldn’t fit in with most people because of my avant-garde tastes. So I write this with the caveat that there should be a way to encourage these tastes in children without letting them walk down the wrong path. There is nothing inherently wrong with bold art, but I’d advise parents to carefully find ways to cultivate their children’s tastes without completely shutting them down and pushing them away as a result. My parents were very loving and patient during this time; I thank God for that. With that out of the way, lets dive in to some bold artists: # Nicolas Cage: Actor  There is an excellent video by Wisecrack on Nicolas Cage that explains him better than I will, which I will link[here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8IfDNHsCLE). Nicolas Cage rejects the idea that good acting is tied to mere realism; all of his larger than life acting decisions are deliberate choices. When that clicked for me, I immediately realized the man is a genius. He borrows from Kabuki and German Expressionism, art forms that rely on exaggeration to get the message across. He has even created his own acting style, which he calls Nouveau Shamanic. He augments his imagination to go from acting to being. Rather than using the old hat of method acting, he transports himself to a new world mentally. The projects he chooses to partake in are based on his own interests or what he considers would be a challenge (making a bad script good for example). Thus it doesn’t matter how the end result comes out; he has already achieved his goal as an artist. Because of this and because certain directors don’t know how to use his talents, he has a noticeable amount of duds in his filmography. Dig around the duds, you’ll find some pure gold. I’d personally recommend the films*Pig,* *Joe,* *Renfield,* and his Christmas film *The Family Man*. # Nick Cave: Songwriter  What a wild career this man has had! From the apocalyptic mayhem of his band The Birthday Party to the pensive atmosphere of his album*Ghosteen*, it seems like Nick Cave has tried everything. I think his secret sauce is that he’s always working. He maintains an excellent newsletter called*The Red Hand Files*, he has written screenplays such as*Lawless*, he has written books, he has made great film scores such as*The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford*, the man is religiously prolific. I believe that one of the reasons he is prolific is that he’s not afraid to experiment. If he has an idea, he follows it through to completion. From the album*Murder Ballads*(which is comprised of what the title suggests) to his rejected sequel to*Gladiator*(*Gladiator: Christ Killer*), he doesn’t seem to be afraid to take anything on. This has led to some over the top works as well as some deeply personal works. Albums like*Skeleton Tree*and*Ghosteen*were journeys through the grief of his son’s death. *The Boatman’s Call*is arguably a better break-up album than anything Taylor Swift has put out. He’s not afraid to be outrageous, he’s not afraid to offend, but most importantly he’s not afraid to be himself. Works I’d recommend include The Birthday Party’s*Live 1981-82*, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds’*The Boatman’s Call*, and the film*Lawless*. # Jim Jarmusch: Director  I consider Jim’s films to be bold almost in an ironic sense: his works are bold in that they are, for the most part, anti-sensational. He has a rule that if his screenplays are criticized for a lack of action, he makes them even less eventful. Even with sensational settings his films feel very close to reality, and they demonstrate the beauty of everyday life. That's what is bold about his art to me: making the sensational grounded in reality while making everyday reality all the more special. *Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai* is about a modern-day African-American hitman who strictly follows the rules of the ancient Samurai, yet one can resonate with the humanity of a seemingly absurd character. *Only Lovers Left Alive*is a vampire love story, but in the middle of a vampire romance one can see their their own relationships in a new deeply human light. Jim’s work reminds me that art reflects life, and that there is sacred beauty in seemingly mundane everyday life. I personally recommend his films*Paterson*,*Down by Law*, and*Coffee and Cigarettes*. # NOSTR: We Need Bold Art  NOSTR is in my opinion a path to a better future. In a world creeping slowly towards everything apps, I hope that the protocol where the individual owns their data wins over everything else. I love freedom and sovereignty. If NOSTR is going to win the race of everything apps, we need more than Bitcoin content. We need more than shirtless bros paying for bananas in foreign countries and exercising with girls who have seductive accents. Common people cannot see themselves in such a world. NOSTR needs to catch the attention of everyday people. I don’t believe that this can be accomplished merely by introducing more broadly relevant content; people are searching for content that speaks to them. I believe that NOSTR can and should attract artists of all kinds because NOSTR is one of the few places on the internet where artists can express themselves fearlessly. Getting zaps from NOSTR’s value-for-value ecosystem has far less friction than crowdfunding a creative project or pitching investors that will irreversibly modify an artist’s vision. Having a place where one can post their works without fear of censorship should be extremely enticing. Having a place where one can connect with fellow humans directly as opposed to a sea of bots should seem like the obvious solution. If NOSTR can become a safe haven for artists to express themselves and spread their work, I believe that everyday people will follow. The banker whose stressful job weighs on them will suddenly find joy with an original meme made by a great visual comedian. The programmer for a healthcare company who is drowning in hopeless mundanity could suddenly find a new lust for life by hearing the song of a musician who isn’t afraid to crowdfund their their next project by putting their lighting address on the streets of the internet. The excel guru who loves independent film may find that NOSTR is the best way to support non corporate movies. **My closing statement:** continue to encourage the artists in your life as I’m sure you have been, but while you’re at it give them the purple pill. You may very well be a part of building a better future.

@ 8bad797a:8461b4bc

## Frank Palmer Purcell I claim to be a Catholic American; even though I now follow the Russian Orthodox tradition, I do so in a small *sui juris* Church in communion with Rome, not Constantinople. When I was a little kid, knee high to a trilobite, some folks still had a problem with that, with being Catholic and American, I mean; Orthodoxy was beyond our horizon. My mother was one of those who had the problem. As long as I was a Catholic like my father (and her own mother, as a little girl in Ireland and on the lower East Side), I couldn't be a real American like her father, a bookbinder replaced by a machine, disowned by his family for marrying out of caste, who spent his days in the nearest tavern. "Pop" Palmer died at 78, and four years later I was born and named for him, or at least that was my mother's intention. The priest baptized me in Latin, as was the custom in those dark days, and pronounced "Frank" so that it sounded like the nickname ("Frenchy") of a (doubtless) dirty medieval Italian beggar baptized Giovanni. My early spirituality, to use a ten dollar word for a fifty cent thing, was more American than Franciscan. Emerson and Thoreau, Melville and Whitman spoke and still speak to me as no European voice can, and when I came to study philosophy in a serious way I found the Americans, Josiah Royce, Rufus Jones and Ernest Hocking, C. I. (not C. S.) Lewis and Brand (not Paul) Blanshard, speaking a language that was my own, though by then the professoriate resonated to other tonalities. Though I fell in love with Schopenhauer and Kierkegaard, as every teenager who meets them must, and inhaled the sweet incense and felt the calming breeze of the shrines of the East, as my generation did, and was introduced to the mysteries of Thomas Aquinas by the subtle writings of Jacques Maritain, as we should all be, when I came to take hold of the great tradition of Western theology in a personal way, I found the distinctly American perspectives of Paul Tillich and Richard (not Reinhold) Niebuhr most helpful. Back in 1963, in the New Jersey family television room, Joseph Campbell's urbane mythological sermons on Channel 13 (still a Newark station) touched something deep inside me an hour after Bishop Sheen's passionate exhortations on Channel 5 had left me (perhaps deplorably) cold. I would go up to my room and say my prayers after a fashion in time for the nightly racetrack bugle and exhilarating nostalgia of Arthur Fiedler's performance of the Bahnfrei Polka of Edouard Strauss, which introduced the nightly raconteurship of the incomparable Jean Shepherd, and, if I were still awake, the more outre world of Long John Nebel and his, ah, eccentric guests. You can't get more American than that. Or more New Jersey. As the child of a mixed marriage and a pupil of the public schools I was not warmly welcome in the Catholic ghetto. Still, in those years of the civil rights revolution and the Vietnam War, with the polarized positions of right and left equally abstract and inhumane, I found my take on national affairs reflecting the distinctly Catholic perspectives of Dorothy Day and Thomas Merton on the one hand and Frederick Wilhelmsen and Erik Maria, Ritter von Kuehnelt-­Leddihn on the other. And, though the writings of Rufus Jones, to which I even now frequently turn for inspiration, had led me to seek out a Quaker education, I found it was the Catholic scholars and pioneers of the spirit who were beginning the interreligious dialogue which was then and is now one of the pressing needs of humanity. In graduate school I became a devoted Americanist, that is, a scholar dedicated to using the tools of the historian of ideas to get some sense of what this place is all about, this gallimaufry of peoples who have somehow, in spite of all learned and astute prognostications, made themselves and each other into a kind of unity, a unity which it may take someone like the present [at the time of writing] Pope (and there isn't really anyone else very much like him) to discern. I do not speak of Joseph Ratzinger, Benedict XVI, as a theologian nor even as a philosopher, but I must note that in New York and Washington in 2008 he revealed himself as an historian of ideas of astonishing and exquisite discernment. By this I mean, among other things, of course, that he strongly confirmed the discoveries and intimations of my own forty years of brooding in and on America. I was fortunate indeed to turn up at Columbia University's Teachers College when Douglas Sloan was putting the finishing touches on his groundbreaking study of the Scottish Enlightenment as the great inspiration of the American colonists, especially the intellectual elite, in the age of the War of Independence. Sloan's insights would eventually be popularized, without their scholarly context and qualifications, in Garry Wills' bestselling *Inventing America*, and it is now taken for granted that our Founding Father Across the Sea was not John Locke, but the Ulster Scot Francis Hutcheson (1694-­1746). Indeed, the Evangelical position seems to be that it was Hutcheson who corrupted American civilization at the root, turning us from the Calvinist faith once delivered to Jonathan Edwards (himself a notorious Lockean, but never mind). In fact, Oxford University Press recently published a six hundred page tract to that effect, authored at Wheaton. Hutcheson, and the Scottish school of Common Sense which he inspired, held that all human beings, Pagan and Christian, Protestant and Catholic, share a basic ability to come to an understanding of certain fundamental truths, and can come to agreement upon these with the aid of reason. Calvinism, especially the neo­Calvinism which is the unquestioned (because unquestionable) paradigm of the Evangelical academy, holds that the elect have a unique and divinely sanctioned "world view" which stands in judgment of all others in all particulars. To these zealots the very idea that there can be any common human ground between believers and unbelievers is itself a damnable heresy. Still, it is the damnable heresy on which American society and civilization are built, and the Calvinism which so despises it is a near kin of those varieties of Islam that Benedict so boldly challenged at Regensburg in 2006. When the same Benedict addressed the United Nations a year and a half later, he pointed out how the principles of that august body, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights whose anniversary he was commemorating, grew out of the Natural Law philosophy of CounterReformation Scholasticism, particularly as formulated by Francisco de Vitoria (1492?–1546). Needless to say, the "Scottish Philosophy" of a later age grew out of this tradition as well, and many of the American founders were directly familiar with Natural Law theory as expounded by Catholic ­­ and Protestant ­­ Scholastics. On the same visit Benedict made ample use of the language of sacred architecture, as if in conscious homage to the fact that he was honoring a country founded by Freemasons, who used that language to teach the conformity of right living to the law of nature and nature's God. If he was giving a Catholic interpretation to this symbolism, so did the Catholic Jacobites who were prominent in the Craft before the Masonic movement became identified with indifferentism, anticlericalism, and finally (at least on the Continent) atheism. It was striking indeed that to one steeped in American tradition it was the Pope of Rome of all people who was speaking our own language in a familiar tone, and the neo­Calvinist Evangelicals who jibbered and muttered in an outlandish and menacing jargon more Muslim than Christian. I sure wonder what Mommy would think. Natural Law. What is that to us today; what was it to me in what we call the Vietnam era? In 2008 the issue was torture, and a President of the United States who took pleasure in his presumed power to order it, to physically degrade his enemies, to morally degrade our own soldiers. I am proud that when Mr. Bush asked our military for advice on the subject, they replied that he has no such power, that such actions are contrary to our laws and the traditions of our armed services, and, moreover, ineffectual. (The latter point is an important indication that powerful men order torture not to accomplish anything, but to pleasure themselves.) And I am ashamed that he chose to take the advice of Israeli advisors, who hold to another morality, one going back to ancient Assyria, and profoundly alien to our own Christian civilization. In my youth the overriding issue was not torture, but terrorism. Not that torture didn't take place. At graduate school I knew a former naval officer who had interrogated captured Viet Minh and Viet Cong; the "extraordinary means" had been applied by our allies by the time he was introduced to his prisoners, and the specialists who had softened them up had already moved on or backed off. The issues before us then were atrocious acts of war against civilian populations in North and South Vietnam, in Laos and Cambodia, in Central and South America, even in Germany and Japan a generation before, not to mention the subversion and corruption of constitutional government in America by a regime that felt justified in using any means necessary to keep power away from the Communists and their sympathizers, the Democrats and liberal Republicans. Nor was such evil a monopoly of the so­called right. A young antiwar activist formerly associated with Martin Luther King even went so far as to criticize the sainted Che Guevara for not being enough of a terrorist to tear the peasantry away from their conformity to a "fascist" state. (Two generations later the man was advising George Bush.) In my undergraduate days I had been a loyal member of the conservative movement, back when the Intercollegiate Studies Institute was still called the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, some members of the Students for a Democratic Society still honored democracy, and Murray Rothbard and Carl Ogelsby were moving "beyond left and right." If I got nothing more from the conservatives, and in fact I got a great deal more, it was an ever deepening admiration for Edmund Burke. Burke was prized by the cold warriors because his *Letters on a Regicide Peace* could be used to justify a war of extermination against the Soviet Union, the Peoples Republic of China, and any other people so temerarious as not join the alliance against these forces of absolute evil and subordinate their interests to those of the United States. A superficial reading, I need hardly remark. But Burke was not only the acute critic of the French Revolution who predicted the Terror from its earliest signs, he also was a tireless advocate for Irish freedom, particularly freedom of conscience, and a loyal ally of the American colonies in Parliament. But Burke's finest hour came at the end of his long career, when he boldly fought against the depredations of Warren Hastings and the British East India Company. Anyone who wants to know what natural law meant to the men of the Eighteenth Century, including those who liberated the American colonies and forged their political constitution can get a good sense of it from the eighth day (!) of his impeachment of Hastings before the House of Lords, which, I warn you, I have quoted before and shall no doubt quote again: > No man can lawfully govern himself according to his own will—much less can one person be governed by the will of another. We are all born in subjection—all born equally, high and low, governors and governed, in subjection to one great, immutable, preexistent law, prior to all our devices, and prior to all our contrivances, paramount to all our ideas and to all our sensations, antecedent to our very existence, by which we are knit and connected in the eternal frame of the universe, out of which we can not stir. This great law does not arise from our conventions or compacts; on the contrary, it gives to our conventions and compacts all the force and sanction they can have: it does not arise from our vain institutions. Every good gift is of God, all power is of God; and He who has given the power, and from whom alone it originates, will never suffer the exercise of it to be practised upon any less solid foundation than the power itself. If, then, all dominion of man over man is the effect of the divine disposition, it is bound by the eternal laws of Him that gave it, with which no human authority can dispense; neither he that exercises it, nor even those who are subject to it; and, if they were mad enough to make an express compact, that should release their magistrate from 5 his duty, and should declare their lives, liberties and properties, dependent upon, not rules and laws, but his mere capricious will, that covenant would be void. This arbitrary power is not to be had by conquest. Nor can any sovereign have it by succession; for no man can succeed to fraud, rapine, and violence. Those who give and those who receive arbitrary power are alike criminal; and there is no man but is bound to resist it to the best of his power, wherever it shall show its face to the world. Mr. Jefferson couldn't have put it better. Human rights are inalienable --­­ you can't give them away, and when they are taken away there is not only the right of rebellion, but the solemn duty to resist. The difficulty of natural law theory, of course, is in the details. Back in '68 Pope Paul VI had announced that artificial contraception was against the natural law, but this decision did not immediately commend itself to the common sense of many of those who were not subject to his religious authority. I don't mean he was wrong, or that he exceeded his authority, or even that his decision was inopportune. But when the Supreme Court, alarmed by the birthrate of blacks and an end to white domination of the nation and the world, soon mandated abortion on demand, it was all too easy to dismiss arguments in favor of the human being of the embryonic human as religious dogma rather than an honest attempt to think things through. Since then the concept of natural law is often dismissed by feminists and homosexualists (to use Mr. Vidal's eloquent term) as a mere excuse for oppression. It does seem to me, however, that the insistent denial of the very idea of human rights does nothing to advance the liberation of humanity or any part of it. But maybe that's just me. In any case, I don't think America was ever anything like the sort of Catholic nation that, say, Portugal was under the late Dr. Salazar, or is very likely to get there any time soon, despite the best wishes and even efforts of some of my friends. I do think that for a good part of our history a great many people in public life would have said that the words of Burke I have quoted express their most basic political convictions and sentiments as well as anyone ever could, and this puts America right at the center of the great tradition of Western civilization. And this was true long after old Europe had gone down other ways, the ways of the French revolution, the reaction against it, and the nationalism that synthesized the worst of both. To be sure, we have had nationalists here, and have them today, and have preached our crusades to end slavery, make the world safe for democracy, eradicate the evil empire of the moment, but there is, if not always a ringing and uncontested affirmation of civilized values, by which I mean the values of our civilization, at least a powerful nostalgia for them, and a sincere wish that one could believe in them with a good conscience, a good conscience which postmodernist deconstructionism denies us. A good conscience which Joseph Ratzinger Benedict XVI, who has suffered modernity as few of us have and thought more deeply about it, was offering us back. To be perfectly frank, it took the Catholic Church a good long time to recognize the Christian virtues of Enlightenment, even the Scottish one, and Revolution, even the American one. Better late than never. And despite the mantric invocation of John Courtney Murray, the Church in America has not always been on the side of the angels. The theology of the American Church has always been Jansenist, not Catholic, combining the worst of Pelagius and Calvin, making Boston Irish the kissing cousins of Cotton Mather. The American Church never permitted itself to be organized according to canon law because this would limit the despotism of prelates. The American Church refused to acknowledge the priesthood of Eastern Catholics ordained as married men, driving the Catholic Ruthenians into communion with the Patriarch of Moscow (the present Orthodox Church in America), and later blackmailing a bankrupt papacy into forbidding married priests throughout the Western hemisphere, driving a second group of Ruthenians into communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (the present American Carpatho­Russian Orthodox Diocese). They American Cathholic Church wouldn't even allow American women to become real nuns, or foreign nuns to come to America without renouncing their vows. The vast majority of Catholic women called nuns are nothing of the sort, but religious sisters first organized as cheap labor at the beck and call of the clergy, and now loose cannons like the Papessas Mother Angelica and Sister Joan. Yes, one or two real abbeys for women were founded in the last century, but the American Church continues to hold the contemplative life in deepest contempt, even for women. Women religious lead the crusade against contemplative traditions, and now rail against the Church as an organ of worldly power from which they are unjustly excluded. Deprived of traditional spiritual direction, a lamentable number of priests "demythologized" the Faith while looking to worldly culture for a way of salvation. Many found it in the gospel of orgasm, and undertook to liberate the young men in their care by sharing the only joy they thought worth having, with results we see today. Catholic involvement in American public life has not been edifying either. The American bishops turned their backs on Benedict XV's attempt to end the slaughter in the trenches and refused to make any move to bring Woodrow Wilson over to the side of peace. As patriotic Americans, they in effect signed on to the WASP jihad to extirpate the Catholic powers of the Old World. A couple of generations later millions of Catholic schoolchildren were forced to write letters demanding that the Senate not censure that great American Joseph McCarthy, who was probably the Soviet Union's most valuable (presumably unwitting) asset in American public life, who had discredited all responsible criticism of Communism and its supporters by viciously slandering the United States Army, the Department of State, and the Protestant clergy as nests of traitors. Some years later Catholic activists succeeded in driving the voices of moderation out of the Republican Party, and the urban ethnic social conservatives out of the Democratic, and the forms of civility from the public square. Americans can be forgiven for not rushing to enlist in the nearest Roman Catholic parish. There are other conversions needed, perhaps beginning with American Catholics themselves. Back in the days of Reagan a fellow named Alan Bloom made an almost persuasive case that the American Mind was closed to the Great Tradition of Western Civilization, and needed to be reopened. Alas, Bloom was a Neoconservative, a follower of their guru Leo Strauss, and a teacher of a a number of shady operatives of the Program for the New American Century type, as Saul Bellow's last novel so amusingly portrays him. Bloom's Great Tradition was something cobbled together by Machiavelli and others out of the misunderstood shards of ancient paganism; thinkers and writers tainted by the Christian gospel remained under embargo. (Mortimer Adler was less fearful, more intellectually curious, but look where he ended up.) It took a Bavarian Pope to remind us that the basic principles of our cherished hopes of international organization and human rights, and indeed of the American founding itself, go back to the Iberian scholastics of the Catholic Reformation. ("Counter­Reformation" is misleadingly negative.) Benedict's reminder harmonized well with my own studies in the history of philosophy. I began some five decades ago with the riddle, the riddles, of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839­ - 1914), our own and only philosopher to be ranked with the likes of Aristotle and Kant. What was this Common Sense he went on and on about? (The Scottish Philosophy was studiously ignored in the academy; it still is.) As I said, I was lucky to find out. Now John Deely has been showing that any postmodern philosophy worthy of the name, one founded on semeiology rather than Cartesian (or empiricist) methodologism, needs to go back to Peirce and with Peirce back to the very beginnings of the theory of signification as we find them in John Poinsot (1589 ­ 1644). Poinsot, as it happens, is part of the same Iberian Renaissance to which Benedict has now called our attention. Indeed, under another name (John of St. Thomas) Poinsot inspired the neo Thomism of Jacques Maritain which undergirded the Christian Humanism of Paul VI and many other Fathers of the Second Vatican Council. (His treatise on **The Gifts of the Holy Spirit*, as interpreted by theologians often dismissed as too conservative, is behind the rather daring notion that all Christians are called to holiness in this life, and, indeed to the mystical path of acquired contemplation, and thus such more recent developments as Centering Prayer, the World Community for Christian Meditation, and the ommunion and Liberation movement. As if all this were not enough, Murray Rothbard, no Christian he, though personally excommunicated and anathematized by Ayn Rand for not repudiating his openly Christian wife, has argued that the Austrian School of Economics, the Old Liberalism of von Mises and Hayek, goes back not so much to Adam Smith (who missed a few points), as to the scholastic philosophers of Spain and Portugal in the early modern period. Mention Iberian philosophy to the American of average education and he will look at you as though you had spoken of Uzbek grand opera ­­ or (indeed) the Scottish Enlightenment. He might even tell you that Spanish ignorance, superstition, and bigotry are precisely what God sent Englishmen into the New World to stamp out: the *legenda negra*. Needless to say, this is not a view of history a good many newcomers to the United States are likely to tolerate with equanimity, and it is just as well that it isn't true. Once we retire that vulgar prejudice against Hispanidad we might just get a fair hearing for the work of Xavier Zubiri, the only European thinker of the last century who compares with Peirce for breadth of learning and depth of discernment ­­ as well as sheer unadulterated difficulty. If nothing else, the challenge of Catholicity invites Americans to break down the walls of the Anglo­Saxon ghetto, which do not serve us well now, if they ever did. But it may also provoke a new interest in our own Golden Age of (Protestant) theology. Let me set the stage for this with an extended quotation from Joseph Ratzinger's 1977 essay, "Is Faith Really Good News?" (Now translated in Principles of Catholic Theology: > Truth is not always comfortable for man, but it is only truth that makes him free and only freedom that brings him joy. Now, however, we must ask more precisely: What makes a man joyful? What robs him of joy? What puts him at odds with himself? What opens him to himself and to others? When we want to describe the most extreme form of being at odds with existence, we often say of an individual that he does not like himself. But whom or what is he to like who does not like himself? Something very importamt makes its appearance here: egoism, certainly, is natural to man and needs no encouragement; but this is not true of self­acceptance. The former must be overcome; the latter must be discovered, and it is assuredly one of the most dangerous errors of Christian teachers and moralists that they have all too often confused the two and, by exorcizing the affirmation of self, have enabled egoism to avenge such a betrayal by becoming all the more rampant ­­ this, ultimately, of what the French have labeled the maladie catholique: one who wants to live only on the supernatural level and to the exclusion of self will be, in the end, without a self but not, for that reason, selfless. (79) Reading this a day or two after Ratzinger's papification I couldn't help thinking of our own Paul Tillich, whose seminal sermon "You are Accepted" baptized the human potential movement (as it was called), whose *Courage to Be* is a perennial best seller even after half a century, whose *Systematic Theology* Martin Luther King had asked for in his Georgia prison cell, and I myself poured over eagerly as an Earlham undergraduate. Of course the problematic goes back to Kierkegaard's penetrating analysis of despair, and, indeed to Luther's experience of divine wrath and mercy. Now it is all very well to say we must accept our acceptance, somehow (mysticism? art?) so ground ourselves in the very Ground of Being as to powerfully affirm our being against the powers of nonbeing. But is it true? That is the question haunting Tillich, Martin Luther King, and modern American culture down to our own time, which Ratzinger, challenged by Nietzsche and Camus, dared to speak aloud: > We come now to the all­important question: Is it true, then, when someone says to me: "It is good that you exist"? Is it really good? Is it not possible that that person's love, which wills my existence, is just a tragic error? If the love that gives me courage to exist is not based on truth, then I must, in the end, come to curse the love that deceives me that maintains in existence something that were better destroyed. This dilemma could be 10 strikingly illustrated by reference to the interpretations of the contemporary experience of life in Sartre or Camus or in the attitudes of the new Left. Even without such evidence, it is obvious, however, that the apparently so simple act of liking myself, of being at one with myself, actually raises the question of the whole universe It raises the question of truth: Is it good that I exist? Is it good that anything at all exists? is the world good? How many persons today would dare to affirm this question from the heart ­­ to believe it is good that they exist? That is the source of the anxiety and despair that incessantly affect mankind. Love alone is of no avail. It serves no purpose if truth is not on its side. Only when truth and love are in harmony can man know joy. For it is truth that makes man free. (80) And the question of truth won't leave us alone. For Tillich the Christian faith was perhaps a true myth, but, perhaps true only the way that other myths are true. He tended to sacramentalize modern art, leftish politics, and sexual liberation; the president of Union Seminary had to remind him that it looked bad for their most eminent theologian not to go to church. The tragedy of attempting to make a religion of art, politics, or sex is obvious by now, and it as a sad circumstance that the leadership of the American Catholic Church were seminarians at a time when Catholic theology looked to the Protestants for validation, and Tillich was at the height of his prestige in the liberal denominations. The painful story of Tillich's sexual obsessions is now well known enough from his wife's two memoirs, Dr. King's escapades have stained the memory of the civil rights movement as much as his infatuation with the Soviet power, ­­ and the sexual scandals of the American Church are unspeakably worse, blighting the lives of tens (hundreds?) of thousands of children. That is something Benedict, on his recent visit, would not allow us to forget for even a moment. But at least he offers a remedy in that confrontation with the truth of our being which liberal theology, Catholic and Protestant (though perhaps not Orthodox),attempted to evade: > The content of the Christian evangelium reads: God finds man so important that he himself has suffered for man. The Cross, which was for Nietzche the most detestable expression of the negative character of the Christian religion, is in truth the center of the evangelium, the glad tidings: "It is good that you exist" ­­ No, "It is necessary that you exist." The Cross is the approbation of our existence, not in words, but in an act so completely radical that it caused God to become flesh and pierced this flesh to the quick; that, to God, it was worth the death of his incarnate Son. One who is so loved that the other identifies his life with this love and no longer desires to live if he is deprived of it; one who is loved even unto death ­­ such a one knows that he is truly loved. But if God so loves, then we are loved in truth. Then love is truth, and truth is love. Then life is worth living. This is the evangelium. (81) The whole idea of the Cross as God's affirmation of man will strike many an American as shocking, ludicrous even. It the ca­ross not the stock in trade of a thousand "evangelists" as the ultimate proof of our total depravity, the ultimate refutation of all aspirations for human freedom and dignity? Surely Nietzsche got that from his preacher father, though it is hard to find any such slander of humanity in either the written scriptures or the teaching of the Fathers of the Church (except for Augustine, and that on a bad day he later repented). I am happy to note that Ratzinger's point of view, scriptural, patristic, and Benedictine in every sense of the term is very close to what some in the Evangelical churches are calling "gracious Christianity," for that is what it is. That movement is still a prophetic minority in the churches and the academy, and we still need to come to terms with the main stream of American spirituality as represented, for better and worse, by Tillich. And Ratzinger, even in his early days as a professor, has given us the means to do just that. Not everything in the American theological mainstream, and not everything in Tillich, needs to be discarded wholesale. A follower of Ratiznger's good friend Don Liugi Giussani who studies Tillich's theology will find close analogies between Tillich's method of correlation and the principle of correspondence which Giussani urged on members of the Communion and Liberation movement he founded, a movement in which the Ratzinger Pope (to use the Catholic in­jargon) takes more than a passing interest ­­ he is said even now to take part in a weekly School of Community in which movement people use that method to explore the meaning of the Gospel in relation to their own day to day lives, and the meaning of their lives in relation to the Gospel, though his episcopal orders forbid his formal membership in the Fraternity. I do not mean to imply that Benedict is a follower of Giussani in matters of pure theology, but it seems clear that he recognizes Giussani's method as the best practical application of the theological principles both men learned from such masters of La Nouvelle Theologie as de Lubac, von Balthasar, and (with reservations) Rahner. But before I move away from the idea of correspondence, the method of correlation, I should mention that this became the life work of two American philosophers, Ira Progoff, with whom and with whose students I was privileged to do postdoctoral work, and Eugene Gendlin, both known as psychologists for the contributions they have made to psychology, who offer what I can only describe as means of spiritual direction. The few folks who remember Tillich today often contrast him with Reinhold Niebuhr, his colleague at Union, who inspired the Cold war mainstream much as Tillich inspired the New Left, and whom Don Gius was fond of quoting. But the man to rediscover is Reinhold's brother Richard, a theologian's theologian, that is, one whose writings were never taken up by the movers and shakers of middlebrow culture. His *Meaning of Revelation* shows the kind of emphasis the Catholic Church in Europe is coming around to, or coming back to, as it is very much in the spirit of the Fathers of the Church, the Eastern Fathers in particular. For many of us what may be most prophetic in his life work is his refusal of the temptation of neo­conservatism to which Reinhold gave in to his fame and profit. Reinhold ostentatiously resigned from the Fellowship of Reconciliation in the early '30s in righteous indignation that some Christians did not demand that the government do something (what?) about the Japanese in China. Richard, on the other hand, had no hope for the efficacy of political, economic, and military power exercised by the United States against Japan. Sensing that Western Christendom was going the way of old Rome, he thought that the best Christian response was that pioneered by St. Benedict, from whom of course among others the last pontiff took his name. For him the issue was not Japan against China, or the United States against Japan, but, to cite the title of a 1935 book to which he contributed, *The Church Against the World*. A few years later Dietrich von Hildebrand, in his villa in Florence, was giving the retreats later published as *Transformation in Christ* to Christian activists who intended to remain behind in Nazi Germany to keep the light of Christian civilization burning in that dark time, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer would take refuge with the Benedictines in his own effort to do the same. A few pages before the long passage I have quoted, Ratzinger's *Principles of Catholic Theology* gives a lengthy exegesis of Hildebrand's text as the model for Christian repentance. I can't help wondering if this forbidden book is one that his father had hidden around the house, as Evangelicals might have concealed Bonhoeffer's *Cost of Discipleship*. Discipleship and transformation are not matters of effortful striving, but the response to a calling which is a revelation. Richard ­­ is particularly enlightening on revelation as calling. He shows that it is not the communication of some kind of knowldege, however supernatural or esoteric, by possession of which we are justified, elevated from the companionship of our neighbors, saved from the world; that would be Gnosticism. Rather, revelation is participation in an ongoing event, a relationship with a person previously unknown, or at least unrecognized. Some words toward the end of *The Meaning of Revelation* put the matter thus: > Revelation means the moment in our history through which we know ourselves to be known from beginning to end, in which we are apprehended by the knower; it means the the self­disclosure of the judge. Revelation means that we find ourselves to be valued rather than valuing and that all our values are transvaluated by the activity of a universal valuer. When a price is put upon our heads, which is not our price, when the unfairness of all the fair prices we have placed on things is shown up, when the great riches of God reduce our wealth to poverty, that is revelation. When we find out that we are no longer thinking him, but that he first thought us, that is revelation. Revelation is the emergence of the person on whose external garments and body we had looked as objects of our masterful and curious understanding. Revelation means that in our common history the fate that lowers over us as persons in our communities reveals itself to be a person in community with us. What this means for us cannot be expressed in the impersonal ways of creeds or other propositions but only in responsive acts of a personal character. we acknowledge revelation by no third person proposition, such as that there is a God, but only in the direct confession of the heart, "Thou art my God."... From this point forward we must listen for the remembered voice in all the sounds that assail our ears, and look for the remembered activity in all the actions of the world upon us. The God who reveals himself in Jesus Christ is now trusted and known in the contemporary God, revealing himself in every event, but we do not understand how we could tract his working in these happenings if he did not make himself known to us through the memory of Jesus Christ; nor do we know how we should be able to interpret all the words we read as words of God save by the aid of this Rosetta stone. (80 -­ 81) Catholics who remember the discourses of the Pope Benedict will find the flavor of this passage very Benedictine ­­ in both senses of the term. Those who follow the way of Luigi Giussani find their spirit particularly familiar, for those of them who live in community, including the little band that managed Benedict's household and conduct the School of Community he attended, are known precisely as *Memores Domini*, those who strive to keep the Lord constantly in mind, and allow their own memory and mindfulness, personal and collective, painful and pleasing, on the surface of association or deeply hidden, to be transformed by their relationship with God in Christ, their participation in the ongoing incarnation of the Word of God: the God who is the author of our nature, and an incarnation that runs to meet the deepest desire of that nature with more that could have been imagined. What this means in the experience of living our life is well stated at the conclusion of Niebuhr's great work: > The God who reveals himself in Jesus Christ meets no unresponsive will but the living spirit of men in search of all good. And he fulfills our need. Here is the one for whose sake all life and every life is worth living, even lives that seem bereft of beauty, of truth and of goodness. The glimpse of his great glory in the face of Jesus Christ, its reflections in the darkened mirrors of the saints' adorations intimate a God who is good beyond all that is good and fair beyond all fairness. Yet the goodness that shines upon us through the moment of revelation is not the glory or the goodness we had expected in our thoughts about deity. The essential goodness of the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ is the simple everyday goodness of love ­­ the value which belongs to a person rather [than] the value we find in an idea or a pattern; it is the goodness which exists as pure activity. He fulfills our expectation of the intrinsic good and yet this adorable goodness differs from everything we had expected, and puts our expectations to shame. We sought a good to love and were found by a good that loved us. And therewith all our religious ambitions are brought low, all our desires to be ministers of God are humbled; he is our minister. By that revelation we are convicted of having corrupted our religious life through our unquenchable desire to keep ourselves with our love of our good in the center of the picture. Here is the goodness that empties itself, and makes itself of no reputation, a goodness that is all outgoing, reserving nothing for itself, yet having all things. So we must begin to rethink all our definitions of deity and convert all our worship and our prayers. Revelation is not the development and not the elimination of our natural religion; it is the revolution of the religious life. (98 -­ 99) But what does all this mean to one who stands outside the light of revelation, who relies on the reason of Western Civilization, the common sense of the founding Fathers? If believers and unbelievers are to take part in one community, what do we have to say to each other? This is the point of Benedict's challenge to the Muslim world, the question of what could make the libertine Doctor Franklin and the evangelical President Witherspoon active participants in the same foundational dialog. Niebuhr has an answer, and it is the same answer as Benedict: > The pure reason does not need to be limited in order that room be made for faith, but faith emancipates the pure reason from the necessity of defending and guarding the interests of selves, which are now found to be established and guarded, not by nature, but by the God of revelation whose garment nature is. (91 ­- 92) It is faith that liberates and, indeed, inspires us to invent, develop, explore, and test scientific understandings which would otherwise be too much for the vain imaginings of our all too human hearts: > To know the person is to lose all sense of shame because of kinship with the clod and the ape. The mind is freed to pursue its knowledge of the external world disinterestedly not by the conviction that nothing matters, but by the faith that nothing God has made is mean or unclean. Hence any failure of Christians to develop scientific knowledge of the world is not an indication of their loyalty to the revealed God but of their unbelief. (90 -­ 91) Seven going on eight decades after these words were published, ministers of "religion" are still attempting to prevent the teaching of ascertained facts of human biology in order to retain the authority of their own stupidly selectively literalistic reading of the Bible; some of the more advanced institutions of Evangelical learning defiantly profess a form of Calvinism in which some sort of theology remains the queen of the sciences in an unconstitutional monarchy, with no other discipline permitted its own proper autonomy and integrity; while in more numerous groves of Academus, even the Roman Catholic plantations, men and women of faith are quickly brushed off as obvious enemies of intellect. My own mother, as I have said already, doubted that you can be a good Catholic and a real American at the same time. Pope Benedict warned his flock that they will not be good Catholics until they are Americans to the extent of acknowledging the law of nature and of nations as developed by Victoria (among others, some of them Scots), and aspiring to live in local, regional national and international communities under that law, in which the freedom and dignity of the human person are given the first priority. On the other hand I do not see how we can be real Americans without realizing that the aspirations of 1776 and 1789 are grounded in that natural law, and grew up as the fruit of a civilization in which the reason of Greece and Rome reached full maturity in the care of Mother Church, a church whose members, including the hierarchy, were not always consistently faithful to it, calling forth reformations, enlightenments, and even revolutions. I think we must all be Catholic at least in the wider sense of loyalty to that civilization, and our best way may well be to reappropriate the riches of the golden age of American philosophy and theology, of which the work of H. Richard Niebuhr is a small but important part. Sources quoted: Edmund Burke, Impeachment of Warren Hastings before the House of Lords (numerous editions), eighth day. Joseph Ratzinger, *Principles of Catholic Theology*. San Fransisco: Ignatius, 1987. H. Richard Niebuhr, *The Meaning of Revelation* [1941]. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006. &copy; FP Purcell

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### Équipe Cœur L'équipe Cœur porte le projet et valide les contenus. <img src="!(image)[https://files.mastodon.social/accounts/avatars/112/353/885/673/397/288/original/7f92926ffb69936f.jpg]" width="80" height="80"> [Jean-David Bar](https://njump.me/npub1qr4p7uamcpawv7cr8z9nlhmd60lylukf7lvmtlnpe7r4juwxudzq3hrnll) Pour démarrer, je gère le projet en solo en partageant mes favoris pour éviter le plastique sur moi et sur mes enfants. [Contactez-moi](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/qcp-smvj1v78_-7iceyrd/) si vous souhaitez rejoindre l'aventure ! ### Enrichisseu-r-se-s de contenus Les contribut-eur-rice-s rendent ce site vivant et intéressant. *A venir.* 👉 [En savoir plus sur les contributions](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/26bj5f7bwyps6ecp5v62t/) --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/x-ykxuenf9tnccu65mhjq/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/cyy0wd2ar_rwqbjipnhej/)

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Vamos analisar a volatilidade do Bitcoin em gráficos, são dados desde 2012 até à atualidade.  4.2% dos dias, o Bitcoin tem uma variação diária de ~0%, enquanto no S&P500 é de ~7.7%.  83.5% dos dias, o S&P 500 teve variação entre o -1% e 1%, enquanto o bitcoin, foi apenas 39%, foram 1882 dias, desde 2012.  Agora com os dois mercados em simultâneo, a curva da distribuição do S&P500 é mais centralizada, o bitcoin é mais alargado, sinónimo de mais volatilidade. 

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

Découvrez les matières acceptées ou non dans les produits référencés sur ce site. ### ✅ Matières naturelles Matières d'origine végétale, animale ou minérale, sans transformation chimique altérant leur structure moléculaire. **🌱 Principaux critères :** - Biodégradabilité - Non-toxicité - Présence naturelle nécessitant le minimum de transformation **🔍 Liste des matières naturelles :** - Caoutchouc naturel - Chanvre - Coton - Cuir - Liège - Lin - Laine - Soie - Terre - … (Autres matières) ⚠️ Bien que naturelles, ces matières peuvent générer des impacts négatifs selon leurs conditions de production (pollution par pesticides, consommation d’eau excessive, traitement chimique, exploitation animale…). Ces impacts sont mentionnés sur la fiche de chaque matière. Les versions biologiques, sans traitement chimique… de ces matieres sont privilégiées pour référencer les produits sur ce site. Les versions "conventionnelles" ne sont référencées que tant que lorsqu'il n'a pas encore été trouvé d'alternative plus durable pour cette catégorie de produits. --- ### 🚫 Matières non naturelles Matières synthétiques ou fortement modifiées, souvent issues de la pétrochimie. **📌 Principaux problèmes :** - Émissions de microplastiques - Dépendance aux énergies fossiles - Mauvaise biodégradabilité **🔍 Liste des matières non naturelles :** - Polyester - Polyamide - Acrylique - Élasthanne - Viscose - Silicone - … (Autres matières) ⚠️ Ces matières ne sont pas admises sur le site. Néanmoins, elles peuvent être présentes dans certains produits référencés lorsque : - elles sont utilisées en accessoire amovible (ex. : élastiques, boutons… généralement non indiqué dans la composition par la marque) pouvant être retiré pour le recyclage ou compostage, et - aucune alternative 100 % naturelle n’a encore été identifiée pour cette catégorie de produits. Dans ce cas, un avertissement est alors affiché sur la fiche du produit. --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/ftjhuxe9mvxkhoedyz36i/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/pnco0inysorhojxvsyil3/)

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

**Heureu-x-se d’avoir trouvé une information utile sur ce site ?** Soutenez le projet en faisant un don pour le faire vivre et remercier les contribut-eur-rice-s. --- **En bitcoin** <img src="https://coinos.io/qr/bc1q79er6c5mvvktvmvcstsnelv4j6tv3wdhw2k7ej/raw" width="200" height="200"> bc1qkm8me8l9563wvsl9sklzt4hdcuny3tlejznj7d ⚡️` origin-nature@coinos.io` --- **En euros, dollars, ou toute autre monnaie prise en charge** 👉 [Faire une promesse sur LiberaPay](https://liberapay.com/origin-nature/) --- Contactez-nous si vous souhaitez faire un don avec toute autre cryptomonnaie. --- ### 💡 Un modèle de partage de la valeur La moitié des dons est redistribuée aux contribut-eur-rice-s qui créent la valeur du site, pour expérimenter un modèle de partage de revenus sur Internet — un modèle qui respecte vos données et ne cherche pas à capter votre attention. L’autre moitié permet de couvrir les frais de fonctionnement du site. --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/ax9fsc76vokpk2cbhzwv9/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/9bd013ef3215e1ac/)

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

Les rétributions sont une démarche expérimentale de partage de la valeur entre les contribut-eur-rice-s du site, via un partage des revenus aux conditions suivantes : - Les revenus éventuels générés par ce site chaque mois sont répartis sur les **12 mois suivants**, afin d’assurer une visibilité sur le projet et de lisser les variations mensuelles. - Chaque **1er du mois**, la moitié des revenus est distribuée à l’ensemble des contribut-eur-rice-s, proportionnellement au nombre de leurs contributions validées. - Les contributions restent valides à vie, mais les rétributions ne sont versées qu’aux contribut-eur-rice-s ayant réalisé **au moins une contribution validée au cours des 12 derniers mois**. ### Modalités de paiement Les rétributions sont effectuées via le réseau Lightning, sous forme de sats (la plus petite unité du Bitcoin). Pour en bénéficier, le compte NOSTR avec lequel vous avez réalisé vos contributions doit être lié à un porte-monnaie Lightning. **💡 Si vous découvrez ces outils :** - **Pas encore de compte ?** Une solution simple est d'en créer un sur un client NOSTR open source comme yakihonne.com pour y paramétrer votre profil et votre wallet. Ensuite, récupérez vos clés NOSTR (dans les settings) et enregistrez dans le coffre nsec.app pour vous connecter ici et commencer à contribuer. - **Vous avez déjà commencé à contribuer sur le site ?** Conservez bien les clés NOSTR fournies par le site dans un coffre comme nsec.app, vous pouvez aussi vous connecter avec sur yakihonne.com pour paramétrer votre profil. - Vous pouvez aussi contribuer directement depuis yakihonne.com sur les articles d'Origine Nature. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les contributions](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/26bj5f7bwyps6ecp5v62t/) ### Prochaines rétributions A venir. --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/7hdgcdwt76dprobc9g_2f/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/xz20q6pw42fd9ijaewnn6/)

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

<iframe src="https://formstr.app/#/f/naddr1qvzqqqr4mqpzqr9mwlyllz3zkvk4x2cl98g993k3ele3a55ps6tkay5c3amu4pstqy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uqqvvjvgae9x7g0rt3r3?viewKey=f409eabf471c20d1cd3148eca8dc0e388476496b8d47eff10bff145603c1fa9b&hideTitleImage=true" height="1000px" width="480px" frameborder="0" style="border-style:none;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);" cellspacing="0" ></iframe> --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/qcp-smvj1v78_-7iceyrd/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/pnef53sfo5jaejkactcib/)

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Ljubljana (pronounced *lyoo-blyah-nah*) is the small but stunning capital of Slovenia, known for its laid-back vibe, green spaces, baroque architecture, and lively café culture along the emerald-green Ljubljanica River. With its pedestrian-friendly Old Town, castle-topped hill, and artsy, youthful spirit, Ljubljana is often called one of Europe’s most underrated cities**—and it’s easy to see why.  ## **🌟 Top Things to See & Do in Ljubljana** ### **1️⃣ Ljubljana Castle** - Perched above the city, this **medieval castle** offers **spectacular views** - Visit the **watchtower**, **interactive museum**, or **take the funicular** up and walk down - Great spot for **sunset or evening drinks with a view** ### **2️⃣ Wander the Old Town** - Explore the **cobbled streets**, **baroque buildings**, and **colorful facades** - Visit **Prešeren Square**, the **Triple Bridge**, and **Town Hall** - Don’t miss **Robba Fountain** and **St. Nicholas Cathedral** ### **3️⃣ Stroll Along the Ljubljanica River** - Lined with **outdoor cafés, bridges, and market stalls** - Cross the famous **Dragon Bridge** and **Butcher’s Bridge** (filled with love locks) - Ideal for a **coffee, gelato, or evening drink** by the water  ### **4️⃣ Central Market & Open Kitchen (Odprta Kuhna)** - **Fresh produce, local products, and street food stalls** - **Open Kitchen** (Fridays in warm months) brings chefs from all over Slovenia to cook in the open air – **a foodie’s dream!** ### **5️⃣ Metelkova Art Center 🎨** - A **gritty, colorful alternative culture zone** filled with **street art, galleries, and live music venues** - Great for **nightlife**, or even just to wander through during the day  ### **6️⃣ Tivoli Park** - Ljubljana’s largest green space, ideal for **relaxing walks or picnics** - Home to **manicured gardens, sculptures, and Jakopič Promenade’s open-air photo exhibitions**  ## **🍽️ What to Eat & Drink in Ljubljana** - **Kranjska klobasa** – Traditional Carniolan sausage - **Štruklji** – Rolled dough dumplings with sweet or savory fillings - **Jota** – Hearty stew with beans, sauerkraut, and potatoes - **Local wines & craft beer** – Slovenia has excellent **wineries and microbreweries** 🍷🍺 - Try riverside restaurants or cozy spots like **Druga Violina**, **Gostilna Sokol**, or **Slovenska Hiša**  ## **🚶‍♀️ Tips for Visiting Ljubljana** ✅ It’s **small and walkable** – most attractions are in or near the Old Town ✅ **Free walking tours** are great for learning local history & legends ✅ Rent a **bike** or **e-scooter** for exploring parks and neighborhoods ✅ **Day trip options** include **Lake Bled, Postojna Cave, and Triglav National Park** ✅ Ljubljana is **eco-friendly** – the center is car-free, and **tap water is clean and drinkable** 

@ 592295cf:413a0db9

## [Edit] I tried to get the slides and an audio file, from Constant's talk at NostRiga, about 8 months ago # 1. ### Nostr's adoption thesis ### The less you define, the more you imply ### by Wouter Constant ## 2. ### Dutch Bitcoiner ### AntiHashedPodcast ### Writing Book about nostr 00:40 ## 3. ### What this presentation about ### A protocols design includes initself a thesis ### on protocol adoption, due to underlying assumptions 1:17 ## 4. ### Examples ### Governments/Academic: Pubhubs (Matrix) ### Bussiness: Bluesky ### Foss: Nostr 1:58 ## 5. ### What constitutes minimal viability? ### Pubhubs (Matrix): make is "safe" for user ### Bluesky: liability and monetization ### Foss: Simpel for developer 4:03 ## 6. ### The Point of Nostr ### Capture network effects through interoperability 4:43 ## 7. ## Three assumptions ### The direction is workable ### Method is workable ### Motivation and means are sufficient 5:27 ## 8. ## Assumption 1 ### The asymmetric cryptography paradigm is a good idea 6:16 ## 9. ### Nostr is a exponent of the key-pair paradigm. ### And Basicly just that. 6.52 ## 10. ### Keys suck ### Protect a secret that you are supposed use all the time. 7:37 ## 11. ## Assumption two ### The unaddressed things will be figured out within a 'meta-design consensus' 8:11 ## 12. ### Nostr's base protocol is not minimally viable for anything, except own development. 8:25 ## 13. ### Complexity leads to capture; ### i.e. free and open in the name, ### controlled in pratice 9:54 ## 14. ## Meta-design consensus ### Buildings things 'note centric' mantains interoperability. 11:51 ## 15. ## Assumption three ### the nightmare is scary; ### the cream is appealing. 12:41 ## 16. ### Get it minimally viable, ### for whatever target, ### such that it is not a waste of time. 13:23 ## 17. ## Summarize ### We are in a nightmare. ### Assume key/signature are the way out. ### Assume we can Maintain an open stardand while manifesting the dream. ### Assume we are motivated enought to bootstrap this to adulthood. 14:01 ## 18. ### We want this, ### we can do this, ### because we have to. 14:12 ## Thank you for contribuiting [Edit] Note for audio presentation nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqkfzjh8jkzd8l9247sadku6vhm52snhgjtknlyeku6sfkeqn5rdeqyf8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnvw5hxkef0qyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnddakj7qpqqqq6fdnhvp95gqf4k3vxmljh87uvjezpepyt222jl2267q857uwqz7gcke

@ 3ffac3a6:2d656657

# O Impacto do Namoro com Pelé na Carreira de Xuxa Meneghel ## Disclaimer: Esse texto foi totalmente escrito pelo ChatGPT, eu apenas pedi que ele fizesse uma pesquisa sobre o tema. **Introdução:** O relacionamento entre Xuxa Meneghel e Pelé, que durou cerca de seis anos (início dos anos 1980 até 1986), foi um dos mais comentados da década de 1980 ([Xuxa e Pelé: um romance que se tornou inesquecível... | VEJA](https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/xuxa-e-pele-um-romance-que-se-tornou-inesquecivel-para-os-dois/#:~:text=Um%20dos%20romances%20mais%20comentados,manchetes%20e%20revistas%20de%20fofoca)). Xuxa tinha apenas 17 anos quando começou a namorar o já consagrado “Rei do Futebol”, então com 40 anos ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html#:~:text=Xuxa%20tinha%2017%20anos,a%20primeira%20mulher%2C%20Rosemeri%20Cholbi)) ([Xuxa e Pelé: um romance que se tornou inesquecível... | VEJA](https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/xuxa-e-pele-um-romance-que-se-tornou-inesquecivel-para-os-dois/#:~:text=O%20jogador%20de%20futebol%20e,um%20relacionamento%20por%20seis%20anos)). Esse romance altamente midiático não só atiçou a curiosidade do público, como também alavancou a carreira de Xuxa de forma significativa. A seguir, detalhamos como o namoro aumentou a visibilidade da apresentadora, quais oportunidades profissionais podem ter tido influência direta de Pelé, o papel da revista *Manchete* e de outras mídias na promoção de sua imagem, se o relacionamento contribuiu para Xuxa conquistar espaços na TV (como o programa **Clube da Criança** e, posteriormente, na Rede Globo) e como mídia e público percebiam o casal – tudo embasado em fontes da época, entrevistas e biografias. ## Aumento da Visibilidade Midiática nos Anos 1980 O namoro com Pelé catapultou Xuxa a um novo patamar de fama. Até então uma modelo em começo de carreira, Xuxa **“se tornou famosa ao aparecer ao lado do esportista de maior status do Brasil”** ([Pelé viveu com Xuxa um namoro intenso afetado por fofocas e indiscrições](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/pele-viveu-com-xuxa-um-namoro-intenso-afetado-por-fofocas-e-indiscricoes,0c075d1a6be75f53536ad3b70e8e4a01iavthiai.html#:~:text=O%20romance%20come%C3%A7ou%20quando%20ela,de%20maior%20status%20do%20Brasil)). A partir do momento em que o relacionamento se tornou público, ela passou a estampar capas de revistas com frequência e a ser assunto constante na imprensa. Em 20 de dezembro de 1980, a jovem apareceu na capa da revista *Manchete* ao lado de Pelé e outras modelos – um ensaio fotográfico que marcou o primeiro encontro dos dois e deu início à enorme atenção midiática em torno de Xuxa ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=A%20extinta%20Manchete%20promovia%20uma,Xuxa%2C%20com%20apenas%2017%20anos)) ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=O%20jantar%20aproximou%20o%20casal,E%20fui%E2%80%9D)). Não por acaso, *“naquele ano, ela foi capa de mais de cem revistas”* ([Xuxa está em paz - revista piauí](https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/xuxa-esta-em-paz/#:~:text=convidadas%20a%20posar%20ao%20lado,de%20mais%20de%20cem%20revistas)), um indicativo claro de como sua visibilidade explodiu após começar a namorar Pelé. Jornais, revistas de celebridades e programas de fofoca passaram a segui-los de perto; o casal virou sensação nacional, comparado até ao “Casal 20” (dupla glamourosa de uma série de TV americana) pelo seu alto perfil na mídia ([Xuxa e Pelé: um romance que se tornou inesquecível... | VEJA](https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/xuxa-e-pele-um-romance-que-se-tornou-inesquecivel-para-os-dois/#:~:text=Um%20dos%20romances%20mais%20comentados,manchetes%20e%20revistas%20de%20fofoca)). Essa exposição intensa colocou Xuxa não apenas sob os holofotes do público, mas também a inseriu nos **bastidores do entretenimento**. Como namorada de Pelé – um dos homens mais conhecidos do mundo – Xuxa passou a frequentar eventos de gala, festas e bastidores de programas, onde conheceu figuras influentes do meio artístico e televisivo. Os fotógrafos os seguiam em eventos como bailes de carnaval e inaugurações, registrando cada aparição pública do casal. Com Pelé ao seu lado, Xuxa ganhou trânsito livre em círculos antes inacessíveis para uma modelo iniciante, construindo uma rede de contatos valiosa nos meios de comunicação. De fato, naquele início dos anos 80, **“os dois eram perseguidos por fotógrafos, apareciam em capas de revistas e até faziam publicidade juntos”** ([Pelé viveu com Xuxa um namoro intenso afetado por fofocas e indiscrições](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/pele-viveu-com-xuxa-um-namoro-intenso-afetado-por-fofocas-e-indiscricoes,0c075d1a6be75f53536ad3b70e8e4a01iavthiai.html#:~:text=Morte%20s%C3%BAbita%20encerra%20fase%20feliz,vida%20da%20atriz%20Marcia%20Manfredini)) – evidência de que Xuxa, graças ao namoro, transitava tanto na frente quanto por trás das câmeras com muito mais facilidade. Em suma, o relacionamento conferiu a ela um grau de notoriedade nacional que provavelmente demoraria anos para conquistar de outra forma, preparando o terreno para os passos seguintes de sua carreira. ## Influência Direta de Pelé nas Oportunidades Profissionais de Xuxa Além do aumento geral da fama, há casos específicos em que Pelé influenciou diretamente oportunidades profissionais para Xuxa. Um exemplo contundente é o filme **“Amor Estranho Amor” (1982)** – longa de teor erótico no qual Xuxa atuou no início da carreira. Segundo relatos da própria apresentadora, **foi Pelé quem a incentivou a aceitar participar desse filme** ([Pelé e Xuxa: um estranho amor que durou seis anos - 29/12/2022 - Celebridades - F5](https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/celebridades/2022/12/pele-e-xuxa-o-estranho-amor-entre-o-rei-do-futebol-e-a-futura-rainha-dos-baixinhos.shtml#:~:text=Profissionalmente%2C%20Xuxa%20disse%20que%20Pel%C3%A9,Me%20enganaram%2C%20falaram%20um)). Na época ainda em início de trajetória, Xuxa acabou convencida pelo namorado de que aquela oportunidade poderia ser benéfica. Anos mais tarde, ela revelaria arrependimento pela escolha desse papel, mas o fato reforça que Pelé teve influência ativa em decisões profissionais de Xuxa no começo de sua jornada. Outra área de influência direta foram as **publicidades e campanhas comerciais**. Graças ao prestígio de Pelé, Xuxa recebeu convites para estrelar anúncios ao lado do então namorado. Já em 1981, por exemplo, os dois gravaram juntos comerciais para uma empresa imobiliária, aparecendo como casal em campanhas de TV daquele Natal (pelas **Imóveis Francisco Xavier**, um case famoso entre colecionadores de propagandas da época) ([Xuxa e Pelé: Natal de 1981 na Publicidade Imobiliária | TikTok](https://www.tiktok.com/@thebest.memories/video/7301084045402721541#:~:text=Xuxa%20e%20Pel%C3%A9%3A%20Natal%20de,Natal%20de%201981%20na)) ([Xuxa com Pelé em comercial de imobiliária em dezembro de 1981](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t45oWkJPFw0#:~:text=Xuxa%20com%20Pel%C3%A9%20em%20comercial,Im%C3%B3veis%20em%20dezembro%20de%201981)). Assim, Xuxa obteve espaço em campanhas publicitárias que dificilmente envolveriam uma modelo desconhecida – mas que, com a “namorada do Pelé” no elenco, ganhavam apelo extra. Isso evidencia que Pelé abriu portas também no mercado publicitário, dando a Xuxa oportunidades de trabalho e renda enquanto sua própria imagem pública se consolidava. Ademais, a presença de Pelé ao lado de Xuxa em diversos editoriais e ensaios fotográficos serviu para elevá-la de modelo anônima a personalidade conhecida. Revistas e jornais buscavam os dois para sessões de fotos e entrevistas, sabendo do interesse do público pelo casal. As capas conjuntas em publicações de grande circulação (como *Manchete* e outras) não só aumentaram a exposição de Xuxa, mas também conferiram a ela certa credibilidade midiática por associação. Em outras palavras, estar ao lado de um ícone como Pelé funcionou como um “selo de aprovação” implícito, deixando editores e produtores mais propensos a convidá-la para projetos. Vale lembrar que **“ao longo dos seis anos de relacionamento, [eles] posaram para várias capas da *Manchete*”**, com a revista acompanhando de perto cada fase do namoro ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html#:~:text=Um%20tempo%20depois%2C%20quando%20a,se%20nacionalmente%20famosa)). Essa recorrência nas bancas solidificou o rosto e o nome de Xuxa na indústria do entretenimento. Por fim, é importante notar que nem todas as influências de Pelé foram positivas para a carreira dela – algumas foram tentativas de direcionamento. A própria Xuxa contou que, quando surgiu a oportunidade de ela ir para a TV Globo em 1986, Pelé desencorajou a mudança. **Ele sugeriu que Xuxa permanecesse na TV Manchete, dizendo que “ser a primeira [na Globo] é muito difícil; melhor ficar onde está”**, o que ela interpretou como falta de apoio dele à sua ascensão ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=,torcendo%20por%20mim%E2%80%9D%2C%20acrescentou%20Xuxa)). Esse episódio mostra que Pelé tentou influenciar também os rumos que Xuxa tomaria, embora, nesse caso, ela tenha decidido seguir sua intuição profissional e aceitar o desafio na Globo – escolha que se revelaria acertada. Em resumo, Pelé atuou sim como facilitador de várias oportunidades profissionais para Xuxa (de filmes a comerciais e visibilidade editorial), mas ela soube trilhar seu caminho a partir daí, inclusive contrariando conselhos dele quando necessário. ## Papel da Revista *Manchete* e Outras Mídias na Promoção de Xuxa A revista ***Manchete*** teve um papel central na ascensão de Xuxa durante o relacionamento com Pelé. Foi justamente num ensaio para a *Manchete* que os dois se conheceram, em dezembro de 1980 ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=A%20extinta%20Manchete%20promovia%20uma,Xuxa%2C%20com%20apenas%2017%20anos)), e a partir daí a publicação tornou-se uma espécie oficiosa de cronista do romance. A *Manchete* era uma das revistas mais populares do Brasil naquela época e, ao perceber o interesse do público pelo casal, passou a trazê-los frequentemente em suas páginas. De fato, a revista que agiu como "cupido" do casal **“contava detalhes do romance a cada edição”**, alimentando a curiosidade nacional sobre a vida de Pelé e sua jovem namorada ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html#:~:text=nacionalmente%20famosa)). As capas exibindo Xuxa e Pelé juntos (em cenários que iam da praia a eventos sociais) viraram chamariz nas bancas e contribuíram enormemente para fixar a imagem de Xuxa na mente do público. ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html)) *Capa da revista Manchete (20 de dezembro de 1980) mostrando Pelé ao centro com Xuxa (à esquerda) e outras modelos. A partir desse ensaio fotográfico, a revista passou a acompanhar de perto o romance, impulsionando a imagem de Xuxa nacionalmente.* ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html#:~:text=Um%20tempo%20depois%2C%20quando%20a,se%20nacionalmente%20famosa)) ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=A%20extinta%20Manchete%20promovia%20uma,Xuxa%2C%20com%20apenas%2017%20anos)) Além da *Manchete*, outras mídias impressas também surfaram no interesse pelo casal e ajudaram a moldar a imagem de Xuxa. Revistas de celebridades e colunas sociais publicavam notas e fotos frequentes, ora exaltando o glamour do par, ora especulando sobre fofocas. Xuxa, que pouco antes era desconhecida fora do circuito da moda, tornou-se figura constante em revistas semanais como *Contigo!* e *Amiga* (dedicadas à vida dos famosos), assim como em jornais de grande circulação. Esse bombardeio de aparições – entrevistas, fotos e manchetes – construiu a **persona pública** de Xuxa simultaneamente como **modelo desejada e namorada devotada**. A promoção de sua imagem tinha um tom deliberadamente positivo nas revistas: enfatizava-se sua beleza, juventude e sorte por ter sido “escolhida” pelo rei Pelé. Em contrapartida, eventuais polêmicas (como cenas ousadas que ela fez no cinema ou rumores de crises no namoro) eram administradas pela própria mídia de maneira a preservar o encanto em torno de Xuxa, que já despontava como uma espécie de Cinderella moderna na narrativa do entretenimento brasileiro. Cabe destacar que a conexão de Xuxa com a *Manchete* não ficou só nas páginas da revista, mas transbordou para a televisão, já que a Rede Manchete (canal de TV fundado em 1983) pertencia ao mesmo grupo empresarial. Essa sinergia mídia impressa/televisão beneficiou Xuxa: **quando a Rede Manchete buscava uma apresentadora para seu novo programa infantil em 1983, Xuxa – já famosa pelas capas de revista – foi convidada** para o posto ([Xuxa está em paz - revista piauí](https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/xuxa-esta-em-paz/#:~:text=match%20at%20L355%20TV%20Manchete%2C,ter%20como%20apresentadora%20de%20programa)). Ou seja, a exposição na revista *Manchete* serviu de vitrine para que os executivos da emissora homônima apostassem nela na TV. Outras mídias também legitimaram sua transição de modelo para apresentadora, publicando matérias sobre sua simpatia com as crianças e seu carisma diante das câmeras, preparando o público para aceitar Xuxa em um novo papel. Assim, o período do relacionamento com Pelé viu a mídia – liderada pela revista *Manchete* – construir e promover intensamente a imagem de Xuxa, pavimentando o caminho para suas conquistas seguintes. ## O Relacionamento e a Conquista de Espaços na TV: *Clube da Criança* e Rede Globo O namoro com Pelé coincidiu com a entrada de Xuxa na televisão e possivelmente facilitou essa transição. Em 1983, a recém-inaugurada Rede Manchete lançou o **“Clube da Criança”**, primeiro programa infantil de auditório da emissora, e Xuxa foi escolhida como apresentadora. Há indícios de que sua fama prévia – alavancada pelo relacionamento – foi decisiva nessa escolha. Conforme relatos, o diretor Maurício Sherman (responsável pelo projeto) estava de olho em Xuxa por sua notoriedade e carisma, chegando a dizer que ela reunia *“a sensualidade de Marilyn Monroe, o sorriso de Doris Day e um quê de Peter Pan”* ([Xuxa está em paz - revista piauí](https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/xuxa-esta-em-paz/#:~:text=TV%20Manchete%2C%20do%20grupo%20de,ter%20como%20apresentadora%20de%20programa)) – uma combinação que poderia funcionar bem num programa infantil. Xuxa inicialmente hesitou em aceitar, talvez pelo contraste entre sua imagem de modelo sensual e o universo infantil, mas acabou assinando contrato com a Manchete ([Clube da Criança – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clube_da_Crian%C3%A7a#:~:text=match%20at%20L206%20comando%20da,por%20Maur%C3%ADcio%20Sherman%20e%20pelo)). Assim, aos 20 anos de idade, ela estreava como apresentadora de TV, **em grande parte graças à visibilidade e confiança que o nome “Xuxa” (já famoso por ser namorada do Pelé) passava aos produtores**. Não há registro de que Pelé tenha intervindo diretamente para que Xuxa conseguisse o posto no *Clube da Criança*. Foi a própria rede Manchete – estimulada pelo burburinho em torno dela – que a **“procurou e a convidou para apresentar”** o programa ([Xuxa está em paz - revista piauí](https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/xuxa-esta-em-paz/#:~:text=TV%20Manchete%2C%20do%20grupo%20de,ter%20como%20apresentadora%20de%20programa)). Porém, é inegável que, sem o destaque que Xuxa conquistara nos anos anteriores na imprensa (devido ao namoro), dificilmente uma emissora arriscaria colocar uma jovem inexperiente para comandar um show infantil nacional. Ou seja, o relacionamento criou as condições favoráveis para essa oportunidade surgir. Uma vez no ar, Xuxa rapidamente mostrou talento próprio: o *Clube da Criança* foi ganhando audiência e revelou a aptidão dela em se comunicar com o público infantil ([Xuxa, Pantanal, Cavaleiros dos Zodíacos: lembre sucessos da TV ...](https://www.folhape.com.br/cultura/xuxa-pantanal-cavaleiros-dos-zodiacos-e-mais-sucessos-da-tv/334766/#:~:text=Xuxa%2C%20Pantanal%2C%20Cavaleiros%20dos%20Zod%C3%ADacos%3A,exibido%20no%20fim%20de)). Ainda durante seu tempo na Manchete, Xuxa manteve-se nos holofotes tanto pela carreira quanto pelo namoro com Pelé – frequentemente um assunto alimentava o outro na mídia. Em meados de 1986, já conhecida como a “Rainha dos Baixinhos” pelo sucesso junto às crianças, Xuxa recebeu uma proposta para se transferir para a Rede Globo, a principal emissora do país ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html#:~:text=Pel%C3%A9%20e%20Xuxa%20ficaram%20juntos,do%20mesmo%20grupo%20da%20revista)). Novamente, aqui o relacionamento com Pelé tem um papel indireto: por um lado, pode ter ajudado a construir a notoriedade que chamou a atenção da Globo; por outro, chegava ao fim exatamente nesse momento, marcando uma virada na vida dela. Após alguns anos de *Clube da Criança*, Xuxa decidiu dar um passo adiante. Ela mesma tomou a iniciativa de terminar o namoro com Pelé e aceitou o convite para fazer o **“Xou da Xuxa”** na Globo ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html#:~:text=Pel%C3%A9%20e%20Xuxa%20ficaram%20juntos,do%20mesmo%20grupo%20da%20revista)). Pelé, como mencionado, havia expressado reservas sobre essa mudança de emissora ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=,torcendo%20por%20mim%E2%80%9D%2C%20acrescentou%20Xuxa)), mas sem sucesso em demovê-la. Com a benção do dono da Manchete, Adolpho Bloch (que a tratava “como filha” e apoiou seu crescimento) ([Xuxa está em paz - revista piauí](https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/xuxa-esta-em-paz/#:~:text=match%20at%20L405%20Manchete%20e,%E2%80%99%E2%80%9D)) ([Xuxa está em paz - revista piauí](https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/xuxa-esta-em-paz/#:~:text=Manchete%20e%20fui%20embora%E2%80%9D%2C%20recorda,%E2%80%99%E2%80%9D)), Xuxa partiu para a Globo levando sua diretora Marlene Mattos, e estreou em junho de 1986 o programa que a consagraria definitivamente. É importante notar que, ao ingressar na Globo, Xuxa já não dependia mais da aura de “namorada do Pelé” – ela havia se firmado como apresentadora de sucesso por méritos próprios. Ainda assim, **o relacionamento anterior continuou a ser parte de sua imagem pública**: a mídia noticiou a mudança destacando que a namorada de Pelé chegara à Globo, e muitos espectadores tinham curiosidade sobre aquela moça cuja fama começara nos braços do ídolo do futebol. Em resumo, o namoro ajudou Xuxa a conquistar o primeiro grande espaço na TV (na Manchete), fornecendo-lhe exposição e credibilidade iniciais, enquanto sua ida para a Globo foi impulsionada principalmente pelo desempenho no *Clube da Criança* – algo que o prestígio conquistado durante o relacionamento tornou possível em primeiro lugar. ## Percepção da Mídia e do Público sobre o Casal e a Imagem de Xuxa Durante os anos de namoro, Pelé e Xuxa foram um prato cheio para a imprensa e objeto de variadas opiniões do público. De um lado, eram celebrados como **“casal perfeito na mídia”**, aparecendo sorridentes em eventos e capas, o que projetava uma imagem glamourosa e apaixonada ([Pelé viveu com Xuxa um namoro intenso afetado por fofocas e indiscrições](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/pele-viveu-com-xuxa-um-namoro-intenso-afetado-por-fofocas-e-indiscricoes,0c075d1a6be75f53536ad3b70e8e4a01iavthiai.html#:~:text=Image%3A%20Pel%C3%A9%20e%20Xuxa%20na,perfeito%20na%20m%C3%ADdia%2C%20mas%20com)). Xuxa era frequentemente retratada como a bela jovem humilde que havia conquistado o coração do "rei", uma narrativa de conto de fadas que agradava muitos fãs. Pessoas próximas diziam na época: *“Nossa, como ela está apaixonada, como ela está de quatro pelo Pelé”*, segundo relembrou a própria Xuxa, indicando que sua dedicação ao namorado era visível e comentada ([Xuxa e Pelé: um romance que se tornou inesquecível... | VEJA](https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/xuxa-e-pele-um-romance-que-se-tornou-inesquecivel-para-os-dois/#:~:text=Ao%20participar%20de%20uma%20live,de%20quatro%20para%20o%20Pel%C3%A9%27%E2%80%9D)). Essa percepção de autenticidade nos sentimentos ajudou a humanizar Xuxa aos olhos do público, diferenciando-a de estereótipos de *roupante* ou interesse calculado. Por outro lado, nem toda a atenção era positiva. **Houve murmúrios maldosos e preconceituosos nos bastidores**. Pelé e Xuxa formavam um casal interracial (ele negro, ela branca e bem mais jovem), o que, segundo a imprensa, **“gerava olhares de reprovação dos conservadores” e até comentários racistas proferidos pelas costas** ([Pelé viveu com Xuxa um namoro intenso afetado por fofocas e indiscrições](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/pele-viveu-com-xuxa-um-namoro-intenso-afetado-por-fofocas-e-indiscricoes,0c075d1a6be75f53536ad3b70e8e4a01iavthiai.html#:~:text=Os%20dois%20eram%20perseguidos%20por,Mas%20nem%20tudo%20era%20agrad%C3%A1vel)). Além disso, alguns duvidavam das intenções de Xuxa no relacionamento, insinuando que ela buscava ascensão social por meio de Pelé. Termos pejorativos como *“maria-chuteira”* (gíria para mulheres que namoram jogadores em busca de status) e *“alpinista social”* chegaram a ser associados a Xuxa por fofoqueiros da época ([Pelé viveu com Xuxa um namoro intenso afetado por fofocas e indiscrições](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/pele-viveu-com-xuxa-um-namoro-intenso-afetado-por-fofocas-e-indiscricoes,0c075d1a6be75f53536ad3b70e8e4a01iavthiai.html#:~:text=olhares%20de%20reprova%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20dos%20conservadores)). Essa desconfiança lançava sombra sobre a imagem dela, pintando-a, aos olhos de alguns, como oportunista em vez de namorada dedicada. Xuxa teve de lidar com esse tipo de insinuação ao longo do namoro, buscando provar que seu amor era verdadeiro e que ela também tinha talentos e ambições próprias. A mídia impressa, em geral, manteve uma postura favorável ao casal, explorando o romance como algo encantador. Mas não deixou de reportar as turbulências: sabia-se, por exemplo, das **frequentes traições de Pelé**, que Xuxa anos depois revelou ter suportado calada na época ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=Por%20causa%20do%20companheiro%2C%20tamb%C3%A9m,que%20n%C3%A3o%20era%20o%20meu)) ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=Apesar%20dos%20problemas%20corriqueiros%20com,Era%20uma%20situa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20esquisita%E2%80%9D)). Essas infidelidades eram rumores correntes nos círculos de fofoca, embora Xuxa raramente comentasse publicamente enquanto estava com Pelé. O público, portanto, via um casal bonito e famoso, mas também acompanhava as especulações de crises e reconciliações pelos noticiários de celebridades. Cada aparição pública deles – fosse em um jogo de futebol, um evento beneficente ou nos camarotes do carnaval – era dissecada pelos repórteres, e cada declaração (ou silêncio) alimentava interpretações sobre o estado do relacionamento e sobre quem era Xuxa por trás da fama. No saldo final, o namoro com Pelé influenciou profundamente a **imagem pública de Xuxa**. Inicialmente marcada como “a namorada do Rei” – posição que trazia tanto admiração quanto inveja – Xuxa soube aproveitar a visibilidade para mostrar carisma e trabalho, transformando-se em uma estrela por direito próprio. Ao se tornar apresentadora infantil de sucesso ainda durante o namoro, ela começou a dissociar sua imagem da de Pelé, provando que podia ser mais do que um apêndice de um astro do esporte. Quando o relacionamento terminou em 1986, Xuxa emergiu não caída em desgraça, mas sim pronta para reinar sozinha na TV. A mídia continuou a mencioná-la em referência a Pelé por algum tempo (era inevitável, dado o quão famoso o casal fora), mas cada vez mais o público passou a enxergá-la principalmente como a **“Rainha dos Baixinhos”**, a figura alegre das manhãs na TV Globo. Em entrevistas posteriores, Xuxa admitiu ter sentimentos mistos ao lembrar dessa fase: ela se ressentiu, por exemplo, de Pelé ter classificado o que viveram como *“uma amizade colorida”* em vez de namoro sério ([Pelé e Xuxa: um estranho amor que durou seis anos - 29/12/2022 - Celebridades - F5](https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/celebridades/2022/12/pele-e-xuxa-o-estranho-amor-entre-o-rei-do-futebol-e-a-futura-rainha-dos-baixinhos.shtml#:~:text=Xuxa%20disse%20ter%20ficado%20magoada,N%C3%A3o%20fui%20avisada)) – frase do ex-jogador que a magoou e que veio a público muitos anos depois. Esse comentário retroativo de Pelé apenas reforçou o quanto a mídia e o público discutiram e dissecaram a natureza daquela relação. Em conclusão, a percepção do casal Xuxa e Pelé oscilou entre o encanto e a controvérsia, mas inegavelmente manteve Xuxa nos trending topics de sua época (para usar um termo atual). A jovem modelo gaúcha ganhou projeção, prestígio e também enfrentou julgamentos enquanto esteve com Pelé. Tudo isso moldou sua imagem – de **símbolo sexual e socialite em ascensão** a **profissional talentosa pronta para brilhar por conta própria**. O relacionamento forneceu-lhe a plataforma e a armadura mediática; coube a Xuxa transformar essa visibilidade em uma carreira sólida, o que ela fez com maestria ao se tornar uma das maiores apresentadoras da história da TV brasileira. **Fontes:** Entrevistas e depoimentos de Xuxa Meneghel (inclusive do livro *Memórias*, 2020), reportagens da época em revistas como *Manchete*, colunas sociais e jornais (compiladas em repositórios atuais), e biografias e retrospectivas sobre ambos os envolvidos ([A história da foto de revista que gerou o namoro de Pelé e Xuxa](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/a-historia-da-foto-de-revista-que-gerou-o-namoro-de-pele-e-xuxa,c5106b23301f6f0e7c03f38cdf9eb1a06kopa9ho.html#:~:text=Um%20tempo%20depois%2C%20quando%20a,se%20nacionalmente%20famosa)) ([Pelé viveu com Xuxa um namoro intenso afetado por fofocas e indiscrições](https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/gente/pele-viveu-com-xuxa-um-namoro-intenso-afetado-por-fofocas-e-indiscricoes,0c075d1a6be75f53536ad3b70e8e4a01iavthiai.html#:~:text=Morte%20s%C3%BAbita%20encerra%20fase%20feliz,vida%20da%20atriz%20Marcia%20Manfredini)) ([Xuxa e Pelé: o relacionamento que ficou cravado na história da imprensa brasileira](https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/xuxa-e-pele-o-relacionamento-que-ficou-cravado-na-historia-da-imprensa-brasileira.phtml#:~:text=,torcendo%20por%20mim%E2%80%9D%2C%20acrescentou%20Xuxa)) ([Xuxa e Pelé: um romance que se tornou inesquecível... | VEJA](https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/xuxa-e-pele-um-romance-que-se-tornou-inesquecivel-para-os-dois/#:~:text=Um%20dos%20romances%20mais%20comentados,manchetes%20e%20revistas%20de%20fofoca)), entre outras. Essas fontes confirmam o papel catalisador que o namoro com Pelé teve nos primeiros passos da trajetória de Xuxa, bem como os desafios e oportunidades que surgiram dessa intensa exposição pública.

@ a047a37c:dfcb432c

## Chef's notes Using only top quality dill pickles and juice is highly recommended. Do not cheap out on this ingredient. The better the pickle juice, the better your fried chicken will taste. Do not let the chicken fry for too long. If the color is not a light golden brown and you let it fry too dark. Then it will not taste right!!! ## Details - ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min - 🍳 Cook time: 25-30 min - 🍽️ Servings: 3-4 ## Ingredients - 1 1/2 Pounds Chicken Breasts - 2 Chicken Eggs - 2 Cups Dill Pickle Juice - 1/2 Cup Water - 1 Cup Buttermilk - 1 Cup Unbleached Flour - 3 Tablespoons Powdered Sugar - 1 Teaspoon Paprika - 1 Teaspoon Garlic Powder - 1 Teaspoon Cayenne Pepper - 1 Teaspoon Ground Black Pepper - 1 Teaspoon Sea Salt - 1/2 Teaspoon Baking Powder - 3-4 Cups Peanut Oil - 3-4 Toasted Brioche Buns (Chicken Sandwiches Only) - 1 Tablespoon Orange Blossom Honey (Chicken Sandwiches Only) - 1/4 Cup Sliced Dill Pickles (Chicken Sandwiches Only) ## Directions 1. There are 2 ways to make The Legendary CFA Fried Chicken. If you want to make it into nuggets then take the chicken breasts and cut them with a kitchen knife into 1 inch cubes. If you want to make it into chicken breast sandwiches, then ensure they are no bigger than 1-1.5 inches thick cut once down the middle. Once you have made your decision and cut them to size. Place the chicken in a large mixing bowl Pour the pickle juice into the bowl, cover it, and place it in the refrigerator to marinate for the next 24 hours. 2. Take a large mixing bowl and add in the flour, powdered sugar, paprika, ground black pepper, cayenne pepper, sea salt, garlic powder, and baking powder. Whisk it all together until it is fully mixed and set aside. 3. Take another large mixing bowl. Add in the chicken eggs and buttermilk. Then whisk together until it is fully blended and set aside. 4. Add 3-4 cups of peanut oil to a large cast iron frying pan, or a deep fryer. Heat the oil to 350F degrees. 5. Remove the marinated chicken from the refrigerator. Drain out all of the pickle juice. 6. Dredge the chicken in the buttermilk egg mixture until it is fully coated. Coat the chicken in the flour mixture. Then immediately repeat these two steps so it is double coated to ensure maximum crispiness. 7. Add the chicken into the peanut oil and allow it to cook evenly until it has reached a light golden brown color and is fully cooked inside. 8. Remove the chicken from the pan and place it onto a paper towel to drain the excess oil off. If you made it into chicken nuggets then simply choose your favorite dipping sauce and serve. If you chose to make chicken sandwiches then lightly toast the brioche bun to a golden brown and drizzle on the honey on the inside of the top of the bun. Then add 1 piece of chicken breast per bun on the bottom half, top it off with sliced dill pickles. Complete the sandwich and serve immediately.

@ d9a329af:bef580d7

Everyone who sees it knows at this point that the matrix of control comes from the overdependence of proprietary software to do our everyday tasks. You can think of this like us being the cling wrap that will just not let go of these pieces of garbage software that don't allow you to see what is in their source code, and how they work. This will tend to lead to the unlawful collection of data (violating the most basic of privacy laws, despite unenforceable contracts that are enforced regardless), bad OPSEC that sees you being stalked and harassed over nothing significant. In the worst of cases, if you speak your mind where you aren't necessarily supposed to be able to do that, and you get doxxed, the worst cases could be far worse than one could imagine. The solution to this, on the other hand, is using almost exclusively free/libre open-source software and GNU/Linux operation systems. If you're using certain proprietary software, hardening it to give as little data as possible to the entity responsible for it will also work, as long as you know which ones to use. This is a hard pass for a lot of people, but if you want to escape the control matrix of proprietary software, Winblows, HackOS, iHackOS, iBloatOS and stock Google AI Fever Dream, then researching which Free Software (notice the spelling) to use is your first bet. I had already done this for the past four and a half years, and will continue to do it as long as I live, seeing what new Free Software compliant applications and libraries come into the spotlight once things get locked down into walled gardens like what HackOS, iHackOS and BlindnessOS do on a regular basis. Each of these pieces of software will be in a categorized list with a brief description of what the software is used for. There is a lot to take in, so research this yourself and see if these are right for you. These are the applications I personally use on a regular day-to-day basis, and they work for my needs. 1. Operating Systems (the core to your device) * GNU/Linux operating systems (for PCs) or GrapheneOS (for de-googled Android phones) To be fair on this one, GNU/Linux is the combination of the Linux kernel with the GNU toolchain, which in turn allows any developer to make an operating system that is FOSS, not necessarily Free Software, especially with the Linux Kernel's proprietary bits of code. The Linux kernel is also used in the Android Open-Source Project (AOSP), and is used as the base of operating systems for Android phones such as GrapheneOS, the only AOSP custom ROM I would recommend based upon the research I had done on this (even if very little). My recommendations on the Linux side of things are almost any Arch-based distribution (with the exception of Manjaro), Debian-based distributions like Linux Mint Debian edition, regular Debian, AntiX or Devuan, or a Fedora/RedHat-based distribution like Nobara Project (if you're a gamer), OpenSUSE (if set up properly) or even Bluefin if you want an atomic desktop (I wouldn't recommend Bluefin if you want to monkey with your operating system and DIY on many aspects of it). Once you learn how to set these up securely, privately and properly, you're on your way to starting your journey into digital liberation, but there's far more to go on this front. 2. Web Browsers (How you surf the internet) * Firefox Forks This one is self-explanatory. I harden all the Firefox forks I use (LibreWolf, Waterfox, Cachy Browser, Floorp and Zen as some examples) to the nines, despite being unable to do anything about my fingerprint. This is why I use multiple browsers for specific purposes to counteract the fingerprint spying due to weaponized JavaScript. There are ways to circumvent the fingerprint-based espionage, and make sure the site fingerprint.com doesn't know that one's lying about what their user agent is, though it's not very easy to fool that site, as it's used by 6,000 companies. * Brave Browser This is the only Chromium-based browser I would recommend, as it's better when hardened against all the other Chromium-based browsers, including Ungoogled Chromium, which is almost impossible to harden due to security vulnerabilities. Despite that, Brave has some of the best features for a Chromium-based browser one can feel comfortable using, even though you'll have similar issues with Firefox-based browsers that aren't actually Firefox (and Firefox has its own issues regarding espionage from Mozilla) 3. Office Suites (If you need to do professional office documents) * LibreOffice A fork of Apache's OpenOffice, made better with many features missing from even OnlyOffice and OpenOffice, this suite of applications is the go-to Free Software office suite for many people looking to switch from the proprietary software nether to the diamonds of free/libre open-source software. Though one may need to perform some extra steps to set up compatibility with G-Suite and Microsoft Office past 2015 potentially, it's still a good thing that people trust LibreOffice as their one-stop shop for office documents, despite being completely different from your standard office suite fare. * OnlyOffice The competitor to LibreOffice with the ease of Microsoft Office and G-Suite compatibility, OnlyOffice is another office suite that can be good for those who need it, especially since anybody who had used Microsoft Office in particular will be familiar with its layout, if not for a slight learning curve. As someone who's used G-Suite more (due to schooling that stunk worse than a decomposing rat in New York City), that's part of the reason why I switched to LibreOffice, though I tried some others, including OnlyOffice and Abiword (since I use a word processor a lot). This one is another solid option for those who need it. * Wordgrinder For those who like to use a terminal emulator like I do, Wordgrinder is a word processor with a terminal user interface (TUI) designed with just focusing on typing without distractions in mind. .wg is the file extension for documents made using Wordgrinder, especially since nowadays most word processors are cloud based. For those who live in a terminal, this is a good option to your terminal UI-based toolbox 4. Text editors * Vi, Vim, Neovim and other Vim-like editors The classic VI Improved (Vim), a fork of the TUI modal editor, vi, with keybinds that will be confusing at first, but with practice and patience, bring about muscle memory to stay on the keyboard, and not necessarily touch the mouse, keypad on the right hand side, or even the arrow keys. These keybind skills will stay with one for the rest of their life once they learn how the modes in vi, Vim or vi-based editors work. It's a classic for those working in the terminal, and a staple in FLOSS text editing and coding tools once customized potentially to the nines to your particular style. * VSCodium The Free Software fork of Code OSS by Microsoft, but made to be similar in function to VSCode without Microsoft's espionage baked into it. It has almost exactly the same features as VSCode that one would need, and even any VSIX files from VSCode will work in VSCodium. This one is an easy switch from VSCode for those who use it, but don't want the forced telemetry. * Emacs The competitor to Vim, Emacs is an editor that is FLOSS in every way imaginable. It is one of the most customizable editors anybody could have ever conceived, though the programming language used in Emacs is a dialect of Lisp the developers had made themselves. There are more keybinds to memorize compared to Vim, though Vim keybinds can be added using the Evil Mode package in any Emacs package manager to get the best of both worlds in Emacs. Once one gets a handle of the steep learning curve for Emacs, it's customizable in every imaginable way almost. These four categories will get you started on your privacy journey, though I covered things a developer might want. I have plans on more lists to compile once I get my ducks in a row on what I want to cover here on Nostr in a longform format. Feel free to let me know if you have recommendations for me to write about, and I can do some digging on that if it isn't a rabbit hole.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

We are fostering a lamb named Frank. He was left behind when his flock was moved to a new grazing area. He almost didn't make it. I've learned that sheep are not as dumb as I thought they were. He seems to be pretty sharp and has quickly become spoiled. He follows us around like a puppy. We have had some cold nights so we made him a jacket. He's about 3 weeks old now and seems to be doing well.    originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/934770

@ ac58bbcc:7d9754d8

Lovely seeing you here. Hello there, and welcome to our very first post! We’re the team behind Math Success by DMTI, and we’re thrilled for this journey with you. If you’re a teacher, parent, or just someone who cares about kids and learning, you’ve probably noticed something: math education isn’t working well for most everyone. Too many students dread it, too many teachers feel stuck, and too many classrooms are stuck in a cycle of rote memorization that leaves most everyone uninspired. We’re here to change that—and that’s why we’ve built Math Success by DMTI, the leading K-6 Math Education Program. The Problem: Math Isn’t Adding Up Let’s start with the elephant in the room. Math education often misses the mark. Kids are taught to memorize times tables or follow steps without understanding why they work. It’s like handing someone a recipe without teaching them how to cook—they might make the dish, but they won’t know what to do when the ingredients change. Studies show U.S. students lag behind many peers globally in math, and the gap widens as they move through school. Why? Because we’ve prioritized procedures over meaning, drills over discovery, and compliance over curiosity. The result? Students who see math as a chore, not a chance to explore. Teachers, meanwhile, are stretched thin—juggling standards, testing pressures, and outdated methods that don’t spark joy or learning. It’s no wonder so many kids say, “I’m just not a math person.” But here’s the thing: we believe everyone can be a math person—if we teach it right. Our Solution: Math Success by DMTI That’s where Math Success by DMTI comes in. Born from the Developing Mathematical Thinking Institute and over 40 years of research, our program isn’t just another curriculum—it’s a rethink of how math should feel and function in the classroom. We’ve seen the data: classrooms using our approach see an average 35% jump in achievement. But more than that, they see kids who love math and teachers who can’t wait to teach it. So, how do we do it? It starts with our Developing Mathematical Thinking framework—a five-part recipe for success: Listen to Kids & Build on Their Ideas: We build on what students already know, making math personal and relevant. Speak the Right Language: We use the structural words unit, compose, decompose, iterate, partition, and equal to help kids communicate and connect to math across topics. Understand First, Calculate Later: Concepts come before procedures, so kids grasp the “why” before the “how.” Models and real-world connections: From blocks to drawings to numbers, we use models to make math tangible and fun while helping connect math to real life. Embrace Misconceptions & Mistakes: Missteps aren’t failures but chances to learn and grow. This isn’t the math you grew up with. It’s active, engaging, and built to stick. Teachers tell us it’s a game-changer—“I have never loved teaching math as much as I do now; math has come alive in my classroom. My students are further along now than any class I’ve ever taught before.” one said, “I could see the light bulbs going off like never before, and they’re excited!” Kids tell us, “Math is fun now!” And the numbers back it up: that 35% boost isn’t just a stat—it’s a sign of deeper understanding and real confidence. Why it matters Math isn’t just about numbers; it’s about thinking, solving problems, and opening doors. When kids succeed in math, they gain skills for life—whether they’re headed to STEM careers or just figuring out their budget. But beyond that, we want them to love it. To see math as a playground, not a prison. That’s our mission: successful learning and a genuine love for mathematics, one classroom at a time. What’s Next? This Substack is our space to share that mission with you. Expect stories from teachers and students, dives into our framework, tips for bringing math to life, and updates on our free courses (yep, free!). We’re partnering with educators like you to make this happen—because we can turn math education around together. So, stick with us. Subscribe below, drop a comment with your thoughts, and start building a world where math adds joy, not stress. Welcome to Math Success by DMTI—let’s make math work for everyone.

@ 81aae9c5:267f2001

# Hello wordl publishing from the new cli tool thingy

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

*Zwei mal drei macht vier,* *\ widewidewitt und drei macht neune,* *\ ich mach mir die Welt,* *\ widewide wie sie mir gefällt.* *\ Pippi Langstrumpf* &#x20; **Egal, ob Koalitionsverhandlungen oder politischer Alltag:** Die Kontroversen zwischen theoretisch verschiedenen Parteien verschwinden, wenn es um den Kampf gegen politische Gegner mit [Rückenwind](https://transition-news.org/warum-die-politische-landschaft-einen-rechtsruck-erlebt) geht. Wer den Alteingesessenen die Pfründe ernsthaft streitig machen könnte, gegen den werden nicht nur «Brandmauern» errichtet, sondern der wird notfalls auch strafrechtlich verfolgt. Doppelstandards sind dabei selbstverständlich inklusive. **In Frankreich ist diese Woche Marine Le Pen wegen der Veruntreuung von EU-Geldern** von einem Gericht verurteilt worden. Als Teil der Strafe wurde sie für fünf Jahre vom passiven Wahlrecht ausgeschlossen. Obwohl das Urteil nicht rechtskräftig ist – Le Pen kann in Berufung gehen –, haben die Richter das Verbot, bei Wahlen anzutreten, mit sofortiger Wirkung verhängt. Die Vorsitzende des rechtsnationalen Rassemblement National (RN) galt als aussichtsreiche Kandidatin für die Präsidentschaftswahl 2027. **Das ist in diesem Jahr bereits der zweite gravierende Fall von Wahlbeeinflussung** durch die Justiz in einem EU-Staat. In Rumänien hatte Călin Georgescu im November die erste Runde der Präsidentenwahl überraschend gewonnen. Das Ergebnis wurde später annulliert, die behauptete «russische Wahlmanipulation» konnte jedoch nicht bewiesen werden. Die Kandidatur für die [Wahlwiederholung](https://transition-news.org/rumanische-prasidentenwahlen-weitere-ungereimtheiten-kandidatenfeld-fix) im Mai wurde Georgescu kürzlich durch das Verfassungsgericht untersagt. **Die Veruntreuung öffentlicher Gelder muss untersucht und geahndet werden,** das steht außer Frage. Diese Anforderung darf nicht selektiv angewendet werden. Hingegen mussten wir in der Vergangenheit bei ungleich schwerwiegenderen Fällen von (mutmaßlichem) Missbrauch ganz andere Vorgehensweisen erleben, etwa im Fall der heutigen EZB-Chefin Christine [Lagarde](https://archive.is/20ZFq) oder im [«Pfizergate»](https://transition-news.org/pfizergate-klage-gegen-von-der-leyen-in-luttich-als-unzulassig-erklart)-Skandal um die Präsidentin der EU-Kommission Ursula von der Leyen. **Wenngleich derartige Angelegenheiten formal auf einer rechtsstaatlichen Grundlage beruhen mögen,** so bleibt ein bitterer Beigeschmack. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und inwieweit die Justiz politisch instrumentalisiert wird. Dies ist umso interessanter, als die Gewaltenteilung einen essenziellen Teil jeder demokratischen Ordnung darstellt, während die Bekämpfung des politischen Gegners mit juristischen Mitteln gerade bei den am lautesten rufenden Verteidigern «unserer Demokratie» populär zu sein scheint. **Die Delegationen von CDU/CSU und SPD haben bei ihren Verhandlungen** über eine Regierungskoalition genau solche Maßnahmen diskutiert. «Im Namen der Wahrheit und der Demokratie» möchte man noch härter gegen «Desinformation» vorgehen und dafür zum Beispiel den Digital Services Act der EU erweitern. Auch soll der Tatbestand der Volksverhetzung verschärft werden – und im Entzug des passiven Wahlrechts münden können. Auf europäischer Ebene würde Friedrich Merz wohl gerne Ungarn das [Stimmrecht](https://transition-news.org/die-zeit-ist-reif-orban-zu-bestrafen-sagt-deutschlands-nachste-regierung) entziehen. **Der Pegel an Unzufriedenheit und Frustration wächst** in großen Teilen der Bevölkerung kontinuierlich. Arroganz, Machtmissbrauch und immer abstrusere Ausreden für offensichtlich willkürliche Maßnahmen werden kaum verhindern, dass den etablierten Parteien die Unterstützung entschwindet. In Deutschland sind die [Umfrageergebnisse](https://archive.is/kf4Tk) der AfD ein guter Gradmesser dafür. *\[Vorlage Titelbild:* *[Pixabay](https://pixabay.com/de/illustrations/gesetz-gerechtigkeit-flagge-europa-6598281/)]* *** Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem [Pareto-Client](https://pareto.space/read) geschrieben und ist zuerst auf ***[Transition News](https://transition-news.org/wird-politische-justiz-zu-einer-demokratischen-tugend)*** erschienen.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Edinburgh is a city where ancient history and modern culture meet in the most atmospheric way. From its dramatic castle perched on a volcanic rock to narrow medieval alleys, vibrant festivals, and cozy pubs, Scotland’s capital is a must-visit for travelers seeking both beauty and depth. It’s a city that feels like stepping into a storybook—with a few ghost tales thrown in for good measure.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Edinburgh** ### **1️⃣ Edinburgh Castle** - Iconic and **steeped in royal history** - See the **Crown Jewels**, the **Stone of Destiny**, and sweeping **views over the city** - Don’t miss the **1 o’clock cannon fire**!  ### **2️⃣ Walk the Royal Mile** - The main street running from **Edinburgh Castle** to **Holyrood Palace** - Lined with **shops, historic closes (alleyways), churches, and pubs** - Pop into **St Giles’ Cathedral** and explore the **Writer’s Museum**  ### **3️⃣ Holyrood Palace & Arthur’s Seat** - The Queen’s official Scottish residence 👑 - Hike up **Arthur’s Seat**, an ancient volcano, for **amazing panoramic views** of Edinburgh and beyond ### **4️⃣ Explore the Old Town & New Town** - **Old Town:** Medieval, moody, atmospheric - **New Town:** Elegant Georgian streets and **great shopping on Princes Street** - Don’t miss **Victoria Street** – rumored inspiration for Harry Potter’s Diagon Alley ✨  ### **5️⃣ Museums & Culture** - **National Museum of Scotland** – interactive and family-friendly - **Scottish National Gallery** – features art by Turner, Van Gogh, and more - **Camera Obscura & World of Illusions** – quirky and fun near the castle ### **6️⃣ Edinburgh’s Underground & Ghost Tours** - Explore the **hidden vaults under the city** - Join a ghost tour or **learn about Edinburgh’s dark past**, including grave robbers and plague victims ### **7️⃣ Festivals Galore 🎭** - **Edinburgh Festival Fringe (August)** – The **largest arts festival in the world** - **Edinburgh International Festival**, **Book Festival**, and **Hogmanay (New Year)** celebrations  ## **🍽️ What to Eat in Edinburgh** - **Haggis, neeps & tatties** – A classic, surprisingly tasty Scottish dish - **Scottish salmon**, **Cullen skink (smoky fish soup)** - **Afternoon tea** or **Scottish whisky tasting** in a historic bar 🥃 - Try local spots like **The Witchery**, **Makars Gourmet Mash Bar**, or **The Scran & Scallie**  ## **🚶‍♀️ Tips for Visiting Edinburgh** ✅ Wear comfy shoes – **cobblestones and hills** are part of the charm ✅ Be ready for **4 seasons in a day** – pack layers and a rain jacket ☁️☀️🌧️ ✅ **Book ahead** in summer – especially during August festivals ✅ Take a day trip to **Rosslyn Chapel, the Highlands, or Stirling Castle** for more Scottish beauty ✅ Consider the **Edinburgh City Pass** if planning to visit many attractions 

@ 68c90cf3:99458f5c

I have two Nostr profiles I use for different subject matter, and I wanted a way to manage and track zaps for each. Using Alby Hub I created two isolated Lightning wallets each associated with one of the profile’s nsecs. YakiHonne made it easy to connect the associated wallets with the profiles. The user interface is well designed to show balances for each.  In my case, I have one profile for photography related content, and the other for Bitcoin, Nostr, and technology related content. I can easily switch between the two, sending and receiving zaps on each while staying up to date on balances and viewing transactions.  Using my self-hosted Alby Hub I can manage Lightning channels and wallets while sending and receiving zaps for multiple profiles with YakiHonne. #YakiHonne #AlbyHub #Lightning #Bitcoin #Nostr

@ 9bcc5462:eb501d90

*The story you are about to read is one hundred percent true. It is also my first encounter with a supernatural force.*  It was the summer of 2003 and I was visiting my auntie in Nashville as a 16-year-old, pimply-faced teenager. My younger cousins, Alex, Mikey, and Tony were also there. One afternoon, they were all sitting bored outside in the blazing heat, sheltered under the tree on the front lawn. It was a comical sight really, all of them sprawled out lifeless and silent, eaten alive by the unforgiving mosquitos. I ducked inside and asked my aunt if it was okay to borrow her RAV4 to take them to play basketball nearby at Pitts Park. Despite not having a license she handed me the keys and when I went outside to tell the boys we were going to shoot hoops, you’d have thought I said I was taking them to Disney World! Off we went up and down the rollercoaster-like hills of Tennessee. Yes, I was speeding, and no, we were not wearing seatbelts. (Remember, sixteen, acne, angst, etc.) We arrived at the park and immediately I felt an eerie sensation. I had been there before with my other cousin Kim, but this time was undeniably different. It didn’t matter that the sun was shining above the bright blue sky, I sensed a darkness lingering. And it had nothing to do with the sticky Southern humidity. It was an overwhelming, odd, ineffable sensation. My eyes couldn’t help but focus on the trees behind the court. As if someone or something was watching us. Nevertheless, after shooting for teams, we began a 2-on-2 immediately. When Mikey and I won, (I towered over them and Mikey was surprisingly pretty good) Tony wasn’t too happy about losing. In frustration, he bounced the basketball with both hands as hard as he could. The ball ended up on the other side of the fences surrounding the court and rolled into the bordering woods. None of the little squirts wanted to retrieve the ball, so as the big cuz I volunteered myself. Nothing to it right? Wrong! As I walked towards the woods I couldn’t even locate the basketball. I stopped and scanned until I finally saw it, way deep among the trees. “How did it get all the way over there?” I mumbled beneath my breath. Then, while approaching the ball I heard a loud and distinct voice—“Hey!”—I turned around suddenly, but nothing was there. At first I wasn’t afraid, rather I was genuinely confused. It just made no damn sense, there was no one around. I swiveled my head in every direction and once again the deep, gravelly voice called out, “Hey!” This time I knew where it was coming from and crept towards the source until I spotted something in the bushes. I crouched and pushed some branches aside. And that’s when I noticed it. Buried under the shrubs was a tombstone! It stared back at me, weathered, cracked, moss-eaten. I picked my ass up, ran to the ball, scooped it and bolted back to the court. Little Alex asked if we were going to play a rematch; I said, “Hell no”. After herding them back to the car, we left and never looked back. To this day I remember the voice. I recall the inexplicable feeling of the unknown energy, force, or spirit that was with us. I only recently shared this story with him and now, at 27, he asked why I didn’t tell him sooner. I thought hard about it and answered, “I guess I didn’t want you to get scared and piss yourself.”

@ 7bc05901:8c26d22b

I am not an engineer by trade. I took my math classes for college credit as early as I could in high school. I signed up for a bachelor of arts in college and basically didn't touch STEM for the rest of my formal education. Seminary (incomplete) and Law School (JD) didn't go deep into any of the sciences -- I think I struggled through an "accounting for lawyers" class. The dumb thing is that in middle school and early high school I was obsessed with tinkering with mechanical things. I rebuilt a go-kart, tinkered with my computer, built skateboard ramps. High school came, I got obsessed with chasing girls and listening to emo music, and that culminated in a foggy pursuit of journalism, linguistics, ministry and/or academia in my post-graduate adventures. Also, algebra came to me really easily. I loved cramming the day before a test in middle school and embarrassing the other A students who had to work hard to keep those grades up. I obviously see now how dangerous that pattern can be to sustaining motivation and discipline in the long-time preference aspects of life. I was motivated by the idea of "getting one over" on the authoritarian educators in my life -- they said that the only way to succeed is to do my homework and study, but I wanted them to know that *I was different*. And I think I was different from a lot of other people around me, but I aimed my agency in the wrong direction. The rebellion became the end for me, instead of being the means to an end of meaningful learning. Rebel against the system so you can escape into a self-sovereign, high-agency existence. At the risk of over-stuffing the analogy, perhaps that point brings me to decentralized social media environments. Facebook is like my school teachers, there are tasks laid out for me nudging me to behave a certain way. My grades are analogized by my reach that Facebook will give and take away. I run a few Facebook pages and I am constantly irritated by the annoying UI. Constantly changing, adding shit that I cannot imagine anyone asking for and taking away the shit that you refer to everyday. Just this past week I noticed that I have to click into a post on Meta business sweet in order to see how many shares it has. This used to be on the page as I scrolled through all of my content. There is literally just a blank white space where it used to say: 54 shares. My thought goes to, this is somehow punishing me for my reach. Although Zuckerberg has pledged his allegiance to the new age of "free speech" and given his finger to the government-meddling that he fanned to flame over the last ten or fifteen years, I still think Facebook wants to nudge users away from certain things and towards other things. Libertarians have railed against the "nanny-state" but it is harder to understand how we also give up our sovereignty to centralized social media companies: the Nanny-Feed. This must die. The unbundling of facebook is a weird time that feels like the detangling of digital society. Life without widespread Craigslist adoption is somewhat more annoying. I used to scroll Craigslist all the time for stuff. I went to Los Angeles for a few months in 2012 and used it to buy some things and hear about auditions for different projects, a few of which panned out for me. There was something about having some separation from the site that I went to specifically to network with co-workers and communicate with old friends that I liked. I don't want my social media identity locked on one site, especially a site that is subservient to a boardroom. I also like the inconvenience of hopping over to a different app to handle my marketplace experiences. A lot of this needs to be thought through a lot more, because attempting to untangle the beast that is "meta" (still Facebook to me) requires a lot more insight than I have as I type this out. I'm mostly just nostalgic and emotional and remembering a different time in my life.

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

**Vous connaissez une marque proposant des alternatives naturelles ? Partagez-la ici en commentant cette page !** Copiez-collez le modèle ci-dessous et remplissez les informations que vous avez. D’autres contribut-eur-rice-s pourront compléter les éléments manquants. Pour être référencée, la marque doit proposer une partie au moins de ses produits en matières naturelles. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les matières](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/ftjhuxe9mvxkhoedyz36i/) Chaque information ajoutée (nom, lien, catégorie, etc.) et validée est considérée comme une contribution. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les contributions](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/26bj5f7bwyps6ecp5v62t) --- ### Nouvelle marque ou fabricant - Nom de la marque : - Image représentant des produits de la marque (lien, idéalement depuis le site de la marque) : - Courte description : - Catégories de produits proposées : - Matières utilisées pour ses produits : - Site internet de la marque : - Autres informations (lieu de production, labels…) : --- Si vous ne souhaitez pas vous connecter, vous pouvez tout de même contribuer via [ce formulaire](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/qcp-smvj1v78_-7iceyrd/). Cependant, votre contribution ne sera pas comptabilisée pour une rétribution. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les rétributions](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/7hdgcdwt76dprobc9g_2f/) --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/4wvxjm06tle2aelvde8w6/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/unjmwarjg7ojb9uwantvt/)

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

**Vous avez trouvé un produit naturel ? Partagez-le ici en commentant cette page !** Ce site référence uniquement des produits et objets à usage durable. Les consommables (aliments, cosmétiques, combustibles, etc.) ne sont pas inclus. Pour être référencé, le produit doit être composé de matières naturelles. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les matières](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/ftjhuxe9mvxkhoedyz36i/) Copiez-collez le modèle ci-dessous et remplissez les informations dont vous disposez. D’autres contribut-eur-rice-s pourront compléter les éléments manquants. Chaque information ajoutée (nom, matière, lien, zone de livraison pour un lien, etc.) et validée est considérée comme une contribution. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les contributions](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/26bj5f7bwyps6ecp5v62t/) --- ### Nouveau produit - Nom du produit : - Image du produit (lien) : - Description courte : - Catégories : - Marque ou fabricant : - Composition (matériaux utilisés, y compris les éléments inconnus) : - Liens pour l’acheter (et zone de livraison) : - Zone de livraison pour les - Autres infos utiles (lieu de fabrication, labels, etc.) : --- Si vous ne souhaitez pas vous connecter, vous pouvez tout de même contribuer via [ce formulaire](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/qcp-smvj1v78_-7iceyrd/). Cependant, votre contribution ne sera pas comptabilisée pour une rétribution. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les rétributions](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/7hdgcdwt76dprobc9g_2f/) --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/nicmc-eandjr_vcz4_hsr/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/8adj-i_hk0gtzp_ul9k17/)

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

**Contribuez à enrichir le site !** Chaque contribution permet d’améliorer ce site en aidant à référencer des alternatives naturelles. ### 💡 Qu’est-ce qu’une contribution ? Une contribution peut être : 📝 La proposition d’une nouvelle fiche, en fournissant ses premières informations. Chaque information ajoutée (nom, lien, catégorie, etc.) est une contribution : - [Ajouter un produit](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/nicmc-eandjr_vcz4_hsr/) - [Ajouter une marque](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/4wvxjm06tle2aelvde8w6/) 📝 L'ajout ou la modification d’informations sur une fiche existante. Chaque information ajoutée ou retirée est une contribution. ### ✅ Validation des contributions Les contributions sont vérifiées par l’équipe cœur. Une contribution est validée lorsque l'information indiquée est fournie pour la première fois (le commentaire le plus ancien est pris en compte) et est vérifiable. Une fois validées, les contributions sont comptabilisées et donnent lieu à une rétribution. 👉 [En savoir plus sur les rétributions](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/7hdgcdwt76dprobc9g_2f/) --- Cet article est publié sur [origine-nature.com](https://www.origine-nature.com/post/26bj5f7bwyps6ecp5v62t/) 🌐 [See this article in English](https://www.origin-nature.com/post/laf_xjasf4kgunxvozhkm/)

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Zlarin is a small, car-free island near Šibenik, known for its peaceful atmosphere, crystal-clear waters, and centuries-old coral tradition. It’s often called the “Golden Island” for its natural beauty, and it remains a hidden gem on the Adriatic coast—perfect for quiet beach days, cycling, and slow travel.  ## **🌿 Why Visit Zlarin?** - **No cars = pure tranquility** – the whole island is pedestrian- and bike-friendly 🚲 - Rich in **coral diving heritage** – once the center of Croatia’s coral trade 🪸 - Beautiful **stone houses, pine forests, and untouched coves** - **Easy to reach** via a short ferry ride from Šibenik ⛴️  ## **🏖️ Things to Do on Zlarin** ### **1️⃣ Swim & Relax on Secluded Beaches** - **Veleš Beach** – A pebbly beach surrounded by pines, great for families 🌲 - **Magarna Bay** – Quiet, wild beach perfect for those seeking solitude 🧘‍♀️ - **Hidden coves** – Wander the coast and find your own little swimming spot 🌅 ### **2️⃣ Walk or Cycle the Island** - Well-marked **trails through pine forests and olive groves** - Visit the **hilltop viewpoint** for a panoramic look at Šibenik and nearby islands - Bring or rent a **bike in Šibenik** – bikes are ideal for exploring Zlarin 🚴‍♂️ ### **3️⃣ Learn About Coral Traditions** - Visit the **Zlarinka Museum** dedicated to the island’s **red coral harvesting history** - See traditional **jewelry and tools**, and learn about the craft’s cultural significance  ### **4️⃣ Stroll Through the Village** - Picturesque **stone streets, old chapels, and flower-filled gardens** - Enjoy a drink at a **local konoba (tavern)** with views of the sea 🍷 ### **5️⃣ Take a Boat Tour or Kayak Trip** - Explore nearby **Prvić, Kaprije, or Žirje islands** - Great area for **kayaking or paddleboarding** over glassy waters 🚣  ## **🚢 How to Get to Zlarin** - **Ferry from Šibenik** (approx. 25 minutes, year-round service) - **No cars allowed**, so park in Šibenik if needed - Easy to visit **for a day trip** or stay overnight for peace and stargazing  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Zlarin** ✅ Best time to visit? **Late spring to early autumn** for swimming and quiet vibes ☀️ ✅ **Bring cash** – not all places accept cards 💶 ✅ Pack **snorkel gear and water shoes** – the underwater world is beautiful 🐠 ✅ **Stay overnight** for an unforgettable quiet island evening under the stars ✨ 

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

排名随机， 列表正在增加中。 1.） Cody Tseng ` https://jumble.social/users/npub1syjmjy0dp62dhccq3g97fr87tngvpvzey08llyt6ul58m2zqpzps9wf6wl jumble作者` 2.）阿甘 `@agan0 0xchat.com canidae40@coinos.io https://jumble.social/users/npub13zyg3zysfylqc6nwfgj2uvce5rtlck2u50vwtjhpn92wzyusprfsdl2rce` 3.）joomaen `Follows you joomaen.com 95aebd@wallet.yakihonne.com npub1wlpfd84ym...lfgqp74qq0 #nobot https://joomaen.filegear-sg.me/ https://jumble.social/users/npub1wlpfd84ymdx2rpvnqht7h2lkq5lazvkaejywrvtchlvn3geulfgqp74qq0` 4.）颜值精选官 `wasp@ok0.org 专注分享 各类 图片与视频，每日为你带来颜值盛宴，心动不止一点点。欢迎关注，一起发现更多美好！ https://jumble.social/users/npub1d5ygkef6r0l7w29ek9l9c7hulsvdshms2qh74jp5qpfyad4g6h5s4ap6lz` 5.）6svjszwk `6svjszwk@ok0.org 83vEfErLivtS9to39i73ETeaPkCF5ejQFbExoM5Vc2FDLqSE5Ah6NbqN6JaWPQbMeJh2muDiHPEDjboCVFYkHk4dHitivVi #low-time-preference #anarcho-capitalism #libertarianism #bitcoin #monero https://jumble.social/users/npub1sxgnpqfyd5vjexj4j5tsgfc826ezyz2ywze3w8jchd0rcshw3k6svjszwk` 6.）𝘌𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺𝘥𝘢𝘺 𝘔𝘰𝘳𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘳 `everyday@iris.to 虽然现在对某些事情下结论还为时尚早，但是从趋势来看，邪恶抬头已经不可避免。 我们要做的就是坚持内心的那一份良知，与邪恶战斗到底。 黑暗森林时代，当好小透明。 bc1q7tuckqhkwf4vgc64rsy3rxy5qy6pmdrgxewcww https://jumble.social/users/npub1j2pha2chpr0qsmj2f6w783200upa7dvqnnard7vn9l8tv86m7twqszmnke` 7.） nostr_cn_dev `npub1l5r02s4udsr28xypsyx7j9lxchf80ha4z6y6269d0da9frtd2nxsvum9jm@npub.cash npub1l5r02s4ud...2nxsvum9jm Developed the following products: - NostrBridge, 网桥转发 - TaskQ5, 分布式多任务 - NostrHTTP, nostr to http - Postr, 匿名交友，匿名邮局 - nostrclient (Python client) . -nostrbook, (nostrbook.com) 用nostr在线写书 https://www.duozhutuan.com nostrhttp demo https://github.com/duozhutuan/NostrBridge https://jumble.social/users/npub1l5r02s4udsr28xypsyx7j9lxchf80ha4z6y6269d0da9frtd2nxsvum9jm`

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

- [首页](/readme.md) - [国人开发者](/01.md) - [中文用户列表](/02.md)

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

## 国内开发者作品展 ### jumble.social 作品: https://jumble.social/ 其他作品 ： Running [ wss://nostr-relay.app ] (free & WoT) 💜⚡️ Building 👨‍💻: https://github.com/CodyTseng/jumble https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-tray https://github.com/CodyTseng/danmakustr https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-nestjs https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay https://github.com/CodyTseng ### nostrbook.com 作品: https://nostrbook.com - NostrBridge, 网桥转发 - TaskQ5, 分布式多任务 - NostrHTTP, nostr to http - Postr, 匿名交友，匿名邮局 - nostrclient (Python client) . -nostrbook, (nostrbook.com) 用nostr在线写书 https://www.duozhutuan.com nostrhttp demo https://github.com/duozhutuan/NostrBridge ### nostrmo A nostr dev. #Nostrmo A client support all platform. #Nowser A nostr signing project. #CacheRelay A nostr cache relay peject. #cfrelay A nostr relay base on cloudflare wokers. A nostr note timing send service. https://sendbox.nostrmo.com/ https://github.com/haorendashu/nostrmo ### 0xchat 作者： wcat w783@0xchat.com www.0xchat.com Building for 0xchat www.0xchat.com Secure Chat built on Nostr App Store: https://apps.apple.com/app/0xchat/id1637607169 TestFlight: https://testflight.apple.com/join/AjdJFBmU Google play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.oxchat.nostr

@ e0ef3b4e:6fd74878

At a conference I sit in a quite area and observe and enjoy a coffee. It's bustling around and many are attending a speech at the main stage. Two people sit next to me on a sofa and begin a conversation. He's wearing a beige hoodie and seems to be builder in the space, she's wearing a green winter dress and they seem to be colleagues. It seems they are now meeting for the first time in real life and exchanging advice, him advising her on how to store her Bitcoin. He’s been longer in the space it seems and she’s just started at the new start-up. I quickly introduce myself and ask them if I may listen in on the conversation since I am a researcher working in the space. They happily agree. She goes on to mention that she will be paid in Bitcoin and does not know how to store it. He goes on to advise her on using a hardware wallet, then takes out his phone and shows a video of the hardware wallet he is using. She says "Wow, it looks so easy to use. I tried so many different hardware wallets but they are so difficult to use." I see the tension in her shoulders, which then relaxes a bit. He goes on to show her all the security and backup methods for this particular hardware wallet. "I'm sold." She's smiling now and one can see that a decision has been made. These conversations are happening everyday across the world not only at conferences but in villages, cafes or during random conversation at co-working working spaces. While we strive for good marketing and adoption of Bitcoin, these simple conversations between two people are what is driving actual use. Safety and trust is a cultural concept in many countries and viewed differently depending on where one has originated from. If one is to imagine that many people would benefit from storing BTC on a device or using an app for lighting transactions then they must trust the process. This need to trust is a basic primary human need. They will only trust the process if: - Empowered: They feel as if they 100% know what they are doing when they are onboarded to the application/hardware device. If there is anything that creates doubt or friction in their minds, the trust to use it as a storage of BTC is gone. A person will window shop when deciding to use a wallet. On average when we interviewed people for various UX research initiatives one person had a minimum of two different Bitcoin wallets on their phone. Prior to that they had tested out quite a few wallets before settling on a decision. - Safe: Many are nervous that they will not be able to access their funds once they put it online/on a hardware device. However often receiving advice from someone they trust this will result in them feeling safe. They will likely use the very same device/application that is being used by their friend/colleague or person in a close inner circle. While this story might seem overly simplified, it’s been repeated multiple times while observing the behavior of people at conferences, through usability tests, and through interviews. If we understand that a person is tentatively stepping into a “home” (Bitcoin wallet/hardware device) and looking “around” (onboarding process). Once they step in, they will only leave their “bag” (BTC) on the table if specific criteria are met. If not, they will pick up their “bag” (BTC) and walk into the next “home.” (Bitcoin wallet/hardware device). During this process there are basic psychological principles are taking place. This is where design comes in and creates an experience. The UX design could be equated to the “interior design” of the house. Every click, every interaction every visual that a person sees or experiences is driving them to trust or distrust the experience. We as builders have a unique role in this process and I fully believe that we will solve these challenges together. If you've read all the way to the end, thank you. On another note, the last 3 weeks have been filled with a lot of strategic thinking, planning, and collaboration. There are many balls in the air at the moment: - [Designathon](https://event.bitcoin.design/) - [UX Research OFF](https://github.com/BitcoinDesign/Meta/issues/765) - [Presidio Design Week](https://github.com/BitcoinDesign/Meta/issues/746) - [BTC Prague](https://github.com/BitcoinDesign/Meta/issues/745) - UX Research Africa strategy If you've read all the way to the end, thank you for reading. ✌🏽Peace

@ 6a6be47b:3e74e3e1

⛅️ This week has been a bit hazy—I haven’t been feeling my best. And that’s okay. There are days like that. But this time, it felt like something deeper, as if something was off. Like I wasn’t *enough*. 🌞 Thankfully, as the days went by, I started to feel better. Today, I feel like myself again—like I’ve put my human suit back on and climbed back on the horse. ✏️ I picked up my pencil and started drawing again, just me and my iPad, without any expectations weighing me down. It felt good—peaceful even—to create for the sake of creating. 🦉 What I’ve realized is this: It’s not bad to have goals or aspirations. Those are important! But what becomes unhealthy is chasing perfectionism while trying to achieve those goals. For me, perfectionism turns into a spiral—not rainbows and butterflies but a storm cloud of self-doubt. I guess I just want to share this in case anyone out there needs to hear it: It’s okay to be imperfect. And most importantly, it’s okay to just be yourself. [To those little leprechauns of doubt kicking and screaming inside my head, I can confidently say:*Not today, Satan!*](https://primal.net/e/nevent1qqsp3lc6wd4tqrwzssqmtv3mk6fctdzqn3hctjugrfkhtev6q68ht0g488mat)  🎨 As part of my journey back to myself this week, I decided to draw something simple and even try my hand at a little animation since it had been a while. Here’s what I came up with:  Imposter syndrome can be deceiving—it whispers lies about your worth and tries to steal your joy—but just like anything in life, ***this too shall pass.*** 🎢 The ebbs and flows are part of life’s natural rhythm; you’d think I’d have learned that by now! But life has its way of (re)teaching us lessons when we need them most. ✨ To anyone reading this who might be struggling: Be kind to yourself. You’re doing better than you think you are. And remember—**you are enough.** Godspeed

@ 1aa9ff07:3cb793b5

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant momentum in recent years, and it is expected to bring revolutionary changes to our lives over the next five years. Today, AI plays a crucial role in automation, healthcare, education, and many other fields. In the near future, its impact will become even more profound. Here are some key transformations AI is expected to bring: 1. Major Changes in the Business World AI will automate repetitive tasks, allowing human workers to focus on more strategic areas. AI-powered assistants, data analytics, and customer service applications will become more widespread, shifting human efforts toward creative and problem-solving roles. 2. Revolutionary Advances in Healthcare AI in medicine will enable earlier disease diagnosis and personalized treatment plans. Thanks to advancements in image processing and genetic analysis, diseases such as cancer can be detected more quickly and accurately. 3. Widespread Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles Over the next five years, autonomous vehicle technologies will continue to evolve, becoming more common in urban transportation and logistics. This will lead to a reduction in traffic accidents, lower transportation costs, and significant changes in urban planning. 4. AI-Powered Personalized Learning in Education AI will enhance personalized education solutions, making learning processes more efficient. AI-assisted teachers and learning platforms will analyze students’ weaknesses and create customized study programs tailored to their needs. 5. New Challenges in Security and Data Privacy As AI technology advances, cybersecurity and data privacy will become even more critical. While AI-driven security systems can detect cyber threats proactively, malicious applications of AI may introduce new vulnerabilities. 6. Creative Innovations in Art and Entertainment AI-generated content will become more prevalent in fields such as art, music, and cinema. AI-assisted scripts, music compositions, and digital artwork may give rise to a new wave of artistic expression. Conclusion In the next five years, AI's influence will be felt in every aspect of life. From business and healthcare to transportation and the arts, various sectors will undergo transformative innovations. However, addressing ethical concerns, security challenges, and data privacy issues will be crucial to ensuring AI's positive impact. By harnessing AI’s potential responsibly, we can build a more efficient, secure, and sustainable future. Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant momentum in recent years, and it is expected to bring revolutionary changes to our lives over the next five years. Today, AI plays a crucial role in automation, healthcare, education, and many other fields. In the near future, its impact will become even more profound. Here are some key transformations AI is expected to bring:

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

## Questions-réponses ### Pourquoi se focaliser sur les matières naturelles ? Les matières synthétiques sont essentiellement des plastiques (polyester, polyamide…). Problème ? Oui ! Ils finissent par nous contaminer : - Microplastiques absorbés par la peau, - Particules diffusées à chaque lavage, se retrouvant dans l’eau que nous buvons et les aliments que nous consommons, - Enjeux majeurs liés au recyclage des déchets plastiques. ### C'est quoi, au juste, des matières naturelles ? Ce sont des matières non synthétiques, dont les composants existent à l’état naturel, sans modification de leur structure moléculaire. Mais ce qui nous intéresse avant tout, c’est leur biodégradabilité et leur absence de toxicité. Certaines matières feront sûrement débat sur leur acceptabilité ici. En savoir plus sur les matières ### Quelle différence avec d'autres sites de mode ou de shopping éthiques ? Il existe déjà de nombreux sites proposant des produits éthiques et durables, mais j’ai constaté qu’ils incluaient souvent des matières synthétiques. Je devais vérifier produit par produit. Certains mettent en avant les fibres en plastique recyclé comme démarche environnementale, mais je préfère éviter d’en porter sur ma peau. ### Comment contribuer ? Si vous trouvez ce projet utile ou intéressant, voici comment le soutenir : - 📝 En contribuant : suggérez des modifications en commentant les fiches existantes ou proposez de nouvelles références de produits ou de marque. En savoir plus sur les contributions - 📢 En le partageant : faites connaître le site sur les réseaux sociaux, votre blog… - ⚡ En faisant un don : pour faire vivre le projet et remercier les contribut-eur-ice-s. En savoir plus sur les dons ### Comment recevoir une partie des revenus du site ? Il suffit d’avoir un compte NOSTR et une adresse Bitcoin Lightning. En savoir plus sur les rétributions ### C'est quoi NOSTR ? C’est un protocole décentralisé pour Internet, encore en phase expérimentale. Il permet : - De publier et consulter du contenu sans dépendre d’une plateforme centralisée. - De se connecter à plusieurs services en conservant le contrôle total de ses données. - D’intégrer le réseau Bitcoin Lightning pour des paiements instantanés et décentralisés. ### Et la confidentialité de mes données ? - Aucune publicité, aucun traçage personnalisé. - Les commentaires NOSTR sont publics, mais vous pouvez utiliser un pseudonyme. - Vous conservez la propriété de vos contributions sur le protocole NOSTR. ### Qui porte ce projet ? Voir les contribut-eur-rice-s Le projet repose sur des outils et services open source : - NOSTR pour la publication des contenus, - npub.pro pour la visualisation, - Coinos.io pour la gestion des paiements.

@ 2749c032:ef202a37

 send 1k satoshi and send me your email for delivery {please allow delivery to take up to 24hrs max. i'm only 1 man and stay busy offline and i do enjoy my sleep} originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/934145

@ 2749c032:ef202a37

🇨🇦🌎🇺🇸 **ESCROW AVAILABLE ** 💳💰🏧🔑💻💵📬 DWVendor DM for full product list or inquiries https://t.me/whiteyfrauds https://x.com/whiteyshub https://snort.social?ref=undefined originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/924998

@ 3104fbbf:ac623068

 ## **Introduction** If you have a functioning brain, it’s impossible to fully stand for any politician or align completely with any political party. The solutions we need are not found in the broken systems of power but in individual actions and local initiatives. Voting for someone may be your choice, but relying solely on elections every few years as a form of political activism is a losing strategy. People around the world have fallen into the trap of thinking that casting a ballot once every four years is enough, only to return to complacency as conditions worsen. Voting for the "lesser of two evils" has been the norm for decades, yet expecting different results from the same flawed system is naive at best. The truth is, governments are too corrupt to save us. In times of crisis, they won’t come to your aid—instead, they will tighten their grip, imposing more surveillance, control, and wealth extraction to benefit the oligarch class. To break free from this cycle, we must first protect ourselves individually—financially, geographically, and digitally—alongside our families. Then, we must organize and build resilient local communities. These are the only ways forward. History has shown us time and again that the masses are easily deceived by the political circus, falling for the illusion of a "savior" who will fix everything. But whether right, center, or left, the story remains the same: corruption, lies, and broken promises. If you possess a critical and investigative mind, you know better than to place your trust in politicians, parties, or self-proclaimed heroes. The real solution lies in free and sovereign individuals who reject the herd mentality and take responsibility for their own lives. From the beginning of time, true progress has come from individuals who think for themselves and act independently. The nauseating web of politicians, billionaires, and oligarchs fighting for power and resources has never been—and will never be—the answer to our problems. In a world increasingly dominated by corrupted governments, NGOs, and elites, ordinary people must take proactive steps to protect themselves and their families. --- ## **1. Financial Protection: Reclaiming Sovereignty Through Bitcoin** Governments and central banks have long manipulated fiat currencies, eroding wealth through inflation and bailouts that transfer resources to the oligarch class. Bitcoin, as a decentralized, censorship-resistant, and finite currency, offers a way out. Here’s what individuals can do: - **Adopt Bitcoin as a Savings Tool**: Shift a portion of your savings into Bitcoin to protect against inflation and currency devaluation. Bitcoin’s fixed supply (21 million coins) ensures it cannot be debased like fiat money. - **Learn Self-Custody**: Store your Bitcoin in a hardware wallet or use open-source software wallets. Avoid centralized exchanges, which are vulnerable to government seizure or collapse. - **Diversify Geographically:** Hold assets in multiple jurisdictions to reduce the risk of confiscation or capital controls. Consider offshore accounts or trusts if feasible. - **Barter and Local Economies**: In times of crisis, local barter systems and community currencies can bypass failing national systems. Bitcoin can serve as a global medium of exchange in such scenarios. --- ## 2. Geographical Flexibility: Reducing Dependence on Oppressive Systems Authoritarian regimes thrive on controlling populations within fixed borders. By increasing geographical flexibility, individuals can reduce their vulnerability: - **Obtain Second Passports or Residencies**: Invest in citizenship-by-investment programs or residency permits in countries with greater freedoms and lower surveillance. - **Relocate to Freer Jurisdictions**: Research and consider moving to regions with stronger property rights, lower taxes, and less government overreach. - **Decentralize Your Life**: Avoid keeping all your assets, family, or business operations in one location. Spread them across multiple regions to mitigate risks. --- ## 3. Digital Privacy: Fighting Surveillance with Advanced Tools The rise of mass surveillance and data harvesting by governments and corporations threatens individual freedom. Here’s how to protect yourself: - **Use Encryption**: Encrypt all communications using tools like Signal or ProtonMail. Ensure your devices are secured with strong passwords and biometric locks. - **Adopt Privacy-Focused Technologies**: Use Tor for anonymous browsing, VPNs to mask your IP address, and open-source operating systems like Linux to avoid backdoors. - **Reject Surveillance Tech**: Avoid smart devices that spy on you (e.g., Alexa, Google Home). Opt for decentralized alternatives like Mastodon instead of Twitter, or PeerTube instead of YouTube. - **Educate Yourself on Digital Privacy**: Learn about tools and practices that enhance your online privacy and security. --- ## 4. Building Resilient Local Communities: The Foundation of a Free Future While individual actions are crucial, collective resilience is equally important. Governments are too corrupt to save populations in times of crisis—history shows they will instead impose more control and transfer wealth to the elite. To counter this, communities must organize locally: - **Form Mutual Aid Networks**: Create local groups that share resources, skills, and knowledge. These networks can provide food, medical supplies, and security during crises. - **Promote Local Economies**: Support local businesses, farmers, and artisans. Use local currencies or barter systems to reduce dependence on centralized financial systems. - **Develop Off-Grid Infrastructure**: Invest in renewable energy, water filtration, and food production to ensure self-sufficiency. Community gardens, solar panels, and rainwater harvesting are excellent starting points. - **Educate and Empower**: Host workshops on financial literacy, digital privacy, and sustainable living. Knowledge is the most powerful tool against authoritarianism. --- ## 5. The Bigger Picture: Rejecting the Illusion of Saviors The deep corruption within governments, NGOs, and the billionaire class is evident. These entities will never act in the interest of ordinary people. Instead, they will exploit crises to expand surveillance, control, and wealth extraction. The idea of a political “savior” is a dangerous illusion. True freedom comes from individuals taking responsibility for their own lives and working together to build decentralized, resilient systems. --- ## Conclusion: A Call to Action The path to a genuinely free humanity begins with individual action. By adopting Bitcoin, securing digital privacy, increasing geographical flexibility, and building resilient local communities, ordinary people can protect themselves against authoritarianism. Governments will not save us—they are the problem. It is up to us to create a better future, free from the control of corrupt elites. - The tools for liberation already exist. - The question is: will we use them? For those interested, I share ideas and solutions in my book « THE GATEWAY TO FREEDOM » https://blisshodlenglish.substack.com/p/the-gateway-to-freedom ⚡ **The time to act is now. Freedom is not given—it is taken.** ⚡ ###### If you enjoyed this article, consider supporting it with a Zap! --- My Substack ENGLISH = https://blisshodlenglish.substack.com/ My substack FRENCH = https://blisshodl.substack.com/ --- Get my Book « THE GATEWAY TO FREEDOM » here 🙏 => https://coinos.io/blisshodl --- ---

@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848

This is a part of the Bitcoin Infinity Academy course on Knut Svanholm's book Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics. For more information, check out our[ Geyser page](https://geyser.fund/project/infinity)! ## The Gullible Collective We humans are biased by nature. Everything we think we know is distorted in one way or another by our cognitive shortcomings. The human brain has been forced to evolve and adapt to whatever environment it found itself in over millennia. Having a brain that is capable of setting aside personal aims for the sake of the collective has proven to be advantageous for the evolution of our species as a whole. The same is true for every other social life form. However, letting these parts of our brains guide our political judgment can lead to disastrous results in the long run — not because of bad intentions but because of the simple fact that a few individuals will always thrive by playing every political system for personal gain. From an evolutionary perspective, an army of ay-sayers and martyrs, regardless of whether we’re talking about an army of humans or an army of ants or bacteria, has an advantage over a less disciplined one. From an individual's evolutionary perspective though, it is better to  *appear* like you’re a martyr but to run and hide when the actual battle happens. This at least partly explains the high percentage of sociopaths in leadership positions all over the world. If you can appear to act for the good of the collective but dupe your way into more and more power behind people’s backs, you’re more likely to succeed than someone playing a fair game.   The story of banking and fiat currency is a story about collective madness. Historically, rulers have tricked people into killing each other through the promise of an after-life. Through central banking, the rulers of the world wars could trick people into building armies for them by printing more money. This is seldom mentioned in history classes because it still goes on today on a massive scale. Inflation might no longer be paying tank factory workers, but it is the main mechanism that funnels wealth into the pockets of the super-rich and away from everyone else. Inflation is the mechanism that hinders us from transporting the value of our labor through time. It makes us avoid real long-term thinking. We hardly ever consider this a problem because none of us has ever experienced an alternative to it. Money is still vastly misunderstood by the lion's share of the world’s population. In most parts of the world, banks do something called fractional reserve lending. This means that they lend out money that they don't have — conjuring up new money out of thin air and handing it out to their customers as loans. Loans that have to be paid back with interest. Interest that can’t be paid back with thin air but has to be paid with so-called real money. Real money, of which there isn’t enough around to pay back all the loans, so that a constant need for new credit becomes a crucial part of the entire system. Not to mention central banks, which do the same and worse for governments. We’re so used to it by now that every country is expected to have a national debt. All but a handful of ridiculously rich ones do. National debts are also loans that have to be paid back with interest backed by nothing. Think about that. Your taxes are paying someone else's interest. Your tax money is not paying for your grandmother's bypass operation, it is paying interest to a central bank.   When the ideas of the catholic church ruled Europe, people who didn’t believe in God were few and very seldomly outspoken. They had good reason for this since belief in God was virtually mandatory throughout society. Ever since 1971, when famously dishonest American president Richard Nixon cut the last string that tied the US Dollar to gold, our conception of what the world economy is and ought to be has been skewed by an utterly corrupt system. We’re led to believe that we’re all supposed to work longer and longer days in order to spend more and more money and bury ourselves in more and more debt to keep the machine running. We’re duped into thinking that buying a new car every other year is somehow good for the environment and that bringing a cotton bag to the grocery store will somehow save the planet. Stores manipulate us all the time through advertising and product placement, but we’re led to believe that if we can be “climate-smart,” we’re behaving responsibly. Somehow, our gross domestic product is supposed to increase indefinitely while politicians will save us from ourselves through carbon taxes. Fortunately for us, and unfortunately for them, there now exists a way for unbelievers of this narrative to opt out. Life finds a way, as Jeff Goldblum once so famously put it.   Collectivism has ruined many societies. Those of us fortunate enough to live in liberal democracies tend to forget that even democracy is an involuntary system. It’s often referred to as the “worst form of government except all others that have been tried,” but the system itself is very rarely criticized. We’re so used to being governed that not having a leader seems preposterous to most of us. Still, we pay our taxes, and an enormous cut of the fruit of our labor goes to a third party via inflation and the taxation of every good and service imaginable. Institutions, once in place, tend to always favor their own survival just as much as any other living thing does. People employed in the public sector are unlikely to vote against policies that threaten their livelihood. This is a bigger problem than we realize because it’s subtle and takes a long time, but every democracy is headed in the same direction. A bigger state, a more complicated system, and fewer individual freedoms. Long term, it seems that all of our systems tend to favor those who know how to play that system and not those who contribute the most value to their fellow man. Proponents of socialist policies often claim that failed socialist states “weren’t really socialist” or that “that wasn’t really socialism.” What most people fail to realize is that we’ve never tried real *capitalism* since we’ve always used more or less inflationary currencies. This might very well be the most skewed narrative of our era. We’re all experiencing real, albeit disguised, socialism every single day. True free market capitalism is what we haven’t experienced yet, and it might turn out to be a very different thing than what we’re told to believe that it is by almost all mainstream media.   The validity of the classic right-left scale describing political viewpoints has been debated a lot lately, and alternative scales, like GAL-TAN, the one with an additional Y-axis describing more or less authoritarian tendencies, are popping up in various contexts around the web. After the birth of Bitcoin, there’s a new way to see this. Imagine an origo, a zero point, and a vector pointing to the left of that. *All* politics are arguably on the left because *all* policies need to be funded by taxes, and taxation can be viewed as theft. Taxation can be viewed as theft because, at its core, it’s involuntary. If a person refuses to pay his taxes, there is a threat of violence lurking in the background. Not to mention inflation, which Milton Friedman so elegantly described as “taxation without legislation.” What you do with the portion of your wealth that you have in Bitcoin is another matter altogether. If you take sufficient precautionary privacy measures and you know what you’re doing, your business in Bitcoin is beyond politics altogether. With the introduction of the Lightning Network and other privacy-improving features, it is now impossible for any third party to confiscate your money or even know that you have it, for that matter. This changes the political landscape of every nation on Earth. Bitcoin is much less confiscatable than gold and other scarce assets, which makes it a much better tool for hedging against nation-states. In this sense, Bitcoin obsoletes borders. You can cross any border on Earth with any amount of Bitcoin *in your head*. Think about that! Your Bitcoin exists in every country simultaneously. Any imposed limit on how much money you can carry from one nation to the other is now made obsolete by beautiful mathematics. Bitcoin is sometimes referred to as a “virtual currency.” This is a very inaccurate description. Bitcoin is just mathematics, and mathematics is just about the most real thing there is. There’s nothing virtual about it. Counterintuitive to some, but real nonetheless.   The complexity of human societal hierarchies and power structures is described perfectly in a classic children's book, *The Emperor’s New Clothes*, by Hans Christian Andersen. See the world as the kid who points out that the king is naked in the tale, and everything starts to make sense. Everything in human society is man-made. Nations, leaders, laws, political systems. They’re all castles in the air with nothing but a lurking threat of violence to back them up. Bitcoin is a different beast altogether. It enables every individual to verify the validity of the system at all times. If you really think about it, morality is easy. Don’t hurt other people, and don’t steal other people’s stuff. That’s the basic premise. Humans have but two ways of resolving conflict, conversation and violence, and in this sense, to hurt someone can only mean physical violence. This is why free speech is so important and why you should defend people’s right to speak their minds above everything else. It’s not about being able to express yourself. It’s about your right to hear every side of every argument and thus not have to resort to violence should a conflict of interests occur. You can’t limit free speech with just more speech — there’s always a threat of violence behind the limitations. Code, which both Bitcoin and the Internet are entirely made up of, *is speech*. Any limitations or regulations that your government implements in regard to Bitcoin are not only a display of Bitcoin’s censorship resistance but also a test of your government's stance on freedom of expression. A restriction on Bitcoin use is a restriction on free speech. Remember, the only alternative to speech that anyone has is violence. Code is a language, mathematics is a language, and money is a linguistic tool. A linguistic tool we use as a means of expressing value to each other and as a way to transport value through space and time. Any restrictions or regulations regarding how you can express value, for example, making it impossible to buy Bitcoin with your credit card, prove that the money you have in your bank account is not really yours. When people realize this, the demand for Bitcoin goes *up*, not down. If you know what you're doing, there’s no need to fear the regulators. They, on the other hand, have good reason to fear an invention that shamelessly breaks their spell. ### **About the Bitcoin Infinity Academy** The Bitcoin Infinity Academy is an educational project built around [Knut Svanholm](http://primal.net/knut)’s books about Bitcoin and Austrian Economics. Each week, a whole chapter from one of the books is released for free on Highlighter, accompanied by a [video](https://www.youtube.com/@BitcoinInfinityShow) in which Knut and [Luke de Wolf](http://primal.net/luke) discuss that chapter’s ideas. You can join the discussions by signing up for one of the courses on our [Geyser](https://geyser.fund/project/infinity) page. Signed books, monthly calls, and lots of other benefits are also available.

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

## 使用nostrbook.com网站 登录和创建用户：  登录按钮 ，可以粘贴 已有的 nsec....账号，完成登录。 注册：  可以点击红标位置 生成你的账户。 “确定” 完成注册。 ## 创建书籍 ### 封面的上传  创建书籍，可以用 微信截图 后直接 ctrl+v. 粘贴即可。 或者点击浏览 本地图片文件。 ### 标题和作者 正常填写就可以。 书的作者和上传文件人没有一一绑定。 ## 写书  创建完成后就可以写书了，写书入口在 登录处 “我的书籍” 。点进去会出现你创建的书籍。选择一本就可以写书了。 ### 列出你创建的所有的书籍  点击图标，就可以进入开始写作了。例如《nostrbook站点日记》  如图所示有4个部分 1. （1）关闭按钮，点击就退出编辑，这时候他会提示你保存，如果不需要保存退出，点击 “不保存退出” 2. （2）`大纲` 是编写 你书籍的大纲，这个参考 docsify文档 下面会有例子。 `时间排列`是 你所有为本书写的章节。但是有些章节你可能废弃了，或者暂时不想展示，都会存在 时间排列里面，就是按照你编写的时间倒序排列的。`草稿` 是你暂时存储的内容，没有上传到网络，存在你本地浏览器的缓存里面。 3. （3）这个部分看到的就是你的章节列表，当让你第一次来的这个地方是空的。`新增章节` 下一次就会有内容了。 4. （4）文件名，是我们存储章节的唯一标识。 `readme.md` 和`_sidebar.md` 是系统默认必须有的。因为docsify技术默认需要这2个。

@ c8adf82a:7265ee75

What is knowledge? Why do we need it? Since we were small, our parents/guardian put us in school, worked their asses off to give us elective lessons, some get help until college, some even after college and after professional work. Why is this intelligence thing so sought after? When you were born, you mostly just accepted what your parents said, they say go to school - you go to school, they say go learn the piano - you learn the piano. Of course with a lot of questions and denials, but you do it because you know your parents are doing it for your own good. You can feel the love so you disregard the 'why' and go on with faith Everything starts with why, and for most people maybe the purpose of knowledge is to be smarter, to know more, just because. But for me this sounds utterly useless. One day I will die next to a man with half a brain and we would feel the same exact thing on the ground. Literally being smarter at the end does not matter at all However, I am not saying to just be lazy and foolish. For me the purpose of knowledge is action. The more you learn, the more you know what to do, the more you can be sure you are doing the right thing, the more you can make progress on your own being, etc etc Now, how can you properly learn? Imagine a water bottle. The water bottle's sole purpose is to contain water, but you cannot fill in the water bottle before you open the cap. To learn properly, make sure you open the cap and let all that water pour into you If you are reading this, you are alive. Don't waste your time doing useless stuff and start to make a difference in your life Seize the day

@ 306555fe:fd7fdf12

## Blossom Uploader for Nostr In my mini project to publish from Joplin to Nostr, I wanted to move to publishing images in a Joplin note to some internet file hosting. So the obvious is something like imgur or imgbb and these require account creation and use of an API key. The nostr way of doing things is to use blossom and your nsec is the authentication, noice! So I noticed that nostr.build now has a service at https://blossom.band/ It seems to be a very nice service with: > Backed by the time-proven and highly available infrastructure of Nostr.build, > with global reach and a fast CDN network. > Every distinct user's npub gets their own server domain that is not shared by anyone but the > owner of that npub. They also have a free tier which is good for experimentation, their paid plans are at https://nostr.build/plans/ . I'm still yet to figure out of they are a candidate for self-hosting or just for media. That's another research project. Anywayzzz this here article is my test to publish from Joplin for long form posts. When I was doing wordpress posts, I preferred to write up in Joplin with all its note-taking nice-ness, search, tagging, plugins. I've tried [Habla](https://habla.news/) and [YakiHonne](https://www.yakihonne.com/) but I miss my Joplin workflow and tools. So, I've written this in Joplin and using my plugin to test for the article be uploaded as long form (NIP-23) post. Still trying to figure out how to get the markdown transferring across cleanly. Sorry, this is a test. *** --- ________ I made a test project to understand Blossom https://github.com/djinoz/blossom_uploader 🙉 Take #2: Explicity set kind:30023 ## Blossom Uploader for Nostr A Node.js command-line tool to upload images and media files to various services compatible with Nostr notes, with full support for the Blossom protocol. ## Installation ``` npm install ``` ## Usage ``` node blossom_uploader.js [options] <files...> ``` ### Options - `-s, --service <service>`: Upload service to use (default: "imgbb") - `-k, --key <key>`: API key for the service (if required) - `-u, --url <url>`: Custom URL for the service (required for blossom) - `-n, --nsec <nsec>`: Nostr private key (nsec) for blossom authentication - `-d, --debug`: Show debug information - `-o, --output <format>`: Output format: json or url (default: "url") - `-h, --help`: Display help - `-V, --version`: Output the version number ### Examples Upload a single image using ImgBB (default): ``` node blossom_uploader.js path/to/image.jpg ``` Upload using Imgur: ``` node blossom_uploader.js -s imgur image1.png ``` Use your own ImgBB API key: ``` node blossom_uploader.js -s imgbb -k YOUR_API_KEY image.png ``` Upload to a Blossom server using your nsec private key: ``` node blossom_uploader.js -s blossom -u https://blossom.band/upload -n nsec1... image.png ``` Get JSON output: ``` node blossom_uploader.js -o json image.jpg ```

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

Brewing Biology Episode 1068 of Bitcoin And . . . is LIVE! This episode of Bitcoin And dives into Brewing Biology—a regenerative system combining compost tea, biochar, Bitcoin mining, and carbon credits—developed through a deep, idea-driven conversation with ChatGPT. LISTEN HERE --> https://fountain.fm/episode/p0DmvPzxirDHh2l68zOX <-- LISTEN HERE The future of Bitcoin isn’t just about code or money—it’s about soil. A groundbreaking fusion of biology, technology, and financial innovation might change the rules of agriculture, offering landowners a path to profitability while Healing our soils. At the heart of this revolution is biochar, a form of charcoal that supercharges soil health. When mixed with compost tea and microbial inoculants, this carbon-rich material becomes a game-changer. Biochar’s porous structure acts as a microbial hotel, hosting fungi like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. These organisms form symbiotic networks that boost nutrient absorption and secrete glomalin—a natural “glue” that binds soil, preventing erosion. But here’s the twist: this system doesn’t just heal the earth; it also generates revenue. Biochar’s Hidden Superpower: Adsorption & Buffering Biochar’s porous structure acts as a molecular storage hub. Unlike absorption (soaking up water like a sponge), adsorption is a chemical process where water and nutrients cling to biochar’s surfaces. A single gram of biochar has the surface area of a basketball court, creating a lattice of microscopic nooks and crannies. This allows it to: Lock in moisture: Biochar retains up to 10x its weight in water, acting like a “soil battery” that releases hydration slowly during droughts. Hoard nutrients: It buffers nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients in its pores, preventing leaching. Plants access these nutrients gradually, reducing fertilizer needs. Stabilize pH: Biochar’s alkaline nature buffers acidic soils, creating a neutral environment where microbes and roots thrive. This buffering effect means plants face fewer nutrient and water spikes or shortages, ensuring steady growth even in erratic climates. The Carbon Math Every ton of biochar (which is ~85% carbon by weight) sequesters 3.12 tons of CO₂ (using the 1:3.67 carbon-to-CO₂ ratio). With carbon credits trading at $42–$60/ton, a 1,000-acre project applying 1 pound of biochar per linear foot (via a three-shank plow at 2-foot spacing) could sequester ~12,000 tons of CO₂ annually—generating $504,000–$720,000 in carbon credit revenue. Tools for the Revolution The Keyline Plow fractures subsoil to inject biochar slurry 30–45cm deep, revitalizing compacted land. For smaller plots, the VOGT Geo Injector delivers pinpoint inoculations—think of it as a soil “injection gun” for lawns, golf courses, or urban gardens. These methods ensure biochar stays where it’s needed, turning even parched landscapes into carbon sinks. Bitcoin’s Role in the Loop Biochar production generates syngas—a byproduct that fuels electric generators for Bitcoin mining. This closed-loop system turns agricultural waste into energy, creating dual revenue streams: carbon credits and mining income. The Market Potential Farmers, ranchers, and eco-conscious landowners aren’t the only beneficiaries. Golf courses can slash water use and homeowners can boost lawn resilience. Why This Matters This isn’t just farming—it’s a movement. By marrying soil science with economics, we can prove that healing the planet and profiting go hand in hand. Whether you’re a Bitcoin miner, a farmer, or an eco-entrepreneur, this system offers a blueprint for a future where every acre works for you—and the planet. The takeaway? Regenerative agriculture isn’t a trend. It’s the next gold rush—except this time, the gold is carbon, soil, and sats.--- P.S. – If you’re ready to turn your land into a carbon credit powerhouse (and maybe mine some Bitcoin along the way), the soil is waiting. You can read the full article, Brewing Biology HERE -> https://the-bitcoin-and-Podcast.ghost.io/ghost/#/editor/post/67e5922fa289aa00088da3c6 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/933800

@ 2b42dd42:5049393c

this is a test <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/5029e2735884c4b18875b1e0e378b91133d6a1118c2cf323eef258467b6932c0.png"> end of the test

@ 2ed3596e:98b4cc78

We’re giving you the chance to win even more sats through the Bitcoin (Wishing) Well—just for telling us what you love about Bitcoin Well. Each month, when you leave a review for either the Bitcoin Well portal on **Trustpilot** (include your **WellTag**), or our Bitcoin ATMs and (include your **transaction ID and email**), you’ll be entered for a draw where you can win $210 in bitcoin just for sharing your experience! Whether it’s our self-custody focus, fast Lightning purchases, Lightning referral payouts, private ATM transactions or our unbeatable customer support, we want to hear what makes Bitcoin Well your go-to place for buying, selling, and using bitcoin. ### How to leave your Trustpilot review for our portal 1. Head to our [Trustpilot page](https://ca.trustpilot.com/review/bitcoinwell.com) 2. Write a quick review sharing your favourite Bitcoin Well feature 3. **Include your WellTag (or transaction ID)**, in the review so we can add you to the prize draw ### How to leave your google review for one of our ATMs 1. [Google the Bitcoin Well Bitcoin ATM you recently used](https://www.google.com/search?q=bitcoin+well+atm+near+me&oq=bitcoin+well+atm+near+me+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyCAgBEAAYFhgeMg0IAhAAGIYDGIAEGIoFMgoIAxAAGIAEGKIEMgoIBBAAGIAEGKIEMgoIBRAAGIAEGKIE0gEIMjM2NWowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8) 2. Write a quick review sharing your favourite Bitcoin Well feature 3. **Include your transaction ID**, in the review so we can add you to the prize draw It’s that easy! Once your review is verified with your welltag or transaction ID, we’ll add your entry to our monthly draw for your chance to win $210 in bitcoin! We’ll announce the winner and the start of each month. Good luck and keep stacking sats! ### What makes Bitcoin Well different Bitcoin Well is on a mission to enable independence. We do this by making it easy to self custody bitcoin. By custodying their own money, our customers are free to do as they wish without begging for permission. By creating a full ecosystem to buy, sell and use your bitcoin to connect with the modern financial world, you are able to have your cake and eat it too - or have your bitcoin in self custody and easily spend it too 🎂. [Create your Bitcoin Well account now →](https://app.bitcoinwell.com/signup) ### Invest in Bitcoin Well We are publicly traded (and love it when our [customers become shareholders!](https://bitcoinwell.com/investors)) and hold ourselves to a high standard of enabling life on a Bitcoin standard. If you want to learn more about Bitcoin Well, please visit our [website](https://bitcoinwell.com/).

@ df67f9a7:2d4fc200

More than just “follows follows” on Nostr, webs of trust algos will ingest increasingly MORE kinds of user generated content in order to map our interactions across the network. Webs of trust will power user discovery, content search, reviews and reccomendations, identity verification, and access to all corners of the Nostr network. Without relying on a central “trust authority” to recommend people and content for us, sovereign Nostr users will make use of “relative trust” scores generated by a wide range of independent apps and services. The problem is, Nostr doesn’t have an opensource library for performing WoT calculations and delivering NIP standard recommendations to users. In order for a “free market” ecosystem of really smart apps and services to thrive, independent developers will need access to extensible “middleware” such as this. ### Project Description I am building a library for independent developers to offer their own interoperable and configurable WoT services and clients. In addition, and as the primary use case, I am also developing a web client for “in person onboarding” to Nostr, which will make use of this library to provide webs of trust recommendations for “invited” users. - [Meet Me On Nostr](https://nostrmeet.me) (onboarding client) : This is my first project on Nostr, which began a year ago with seed funding from @druid. This web client will leverage “in person” QR invites to generate WoT powered recommendations of follows, apps, and other stuff for new users at their first Nostr touchpoint. The functional MVP release (April ‘25) allows for “instant, anonymous, and fully encrypted” direct messaging and “move in ready” profile creation from a single QR scan. - [GrapeRank Engine ](https://github.com/Pretty-Good-Freedom-Tech/graperank-nodejs)(developer library) : Working with @straycat last fall, I built an opensource and extensible library for Nostr developers to integrate “web of trust” powered reccomendations into their products and services. The real power behind GrapeRank is its “pluggable” interpreter, allowing any kind of content (not just “follows follows”) to be ingested for WoT scoring, and configurable easily by developers as well as end users. This library is currently in v0.1, “generating and storing usable scores”, and doesn’t yet produce NIP standard outputs for Nostr clients. - [My Grapevine](https://grapevine.my) (algo dashboard) : In addition, I’ve just wrapped up the demo release of a web client by which users and developers can explore the power of the GrapeRank Engine. ### Potential Impact Webs of Trust is how Nostr scales. But so far, Nostr implementations have been ad-hoc and primarily client centered, with no consistency and little choice for end users. The “onboarding and discovery” tools I am developing promise to : - Establish sovereignty for webs of trust users (supporting a “free market” of algo choices), with opensource libraries by which any developer can easily implement WoT powered recommendations. - Accelerate the isolation of bots and bad actors (and improve the “trustiness” of Nostr for everyone else) by streamlining the onboarding of “real world” acquaintances directly into established webs of trust. - Improve “discoverability of users and content” for any user on any client (to consume and take advantage of WoT powered recommendations for any use case, even as the NIP standards for this are still in flux), by providing an algo engine with “pluggable” inputs and outputs. - Pave the way for “global Nostr adoption”, where WoT powered recommendations (and searches) are consistently available for every user across a wide variety of clients. ### Timeline & Milestones 2025 roadmap for “Webs of Trust Onboarding and Discovery” : - [Meet Me On Nostr](https://nostrmeet.me) (onboarding client) : MVP release : “scan my QR invite to private message me instantly with a ‘move in ready’ account on Nostr”. https://nostrmeet.me/ - [GrapeRank Engine ](https://github.com/Pretty-Good-Freedom-Tech/graperank-nodejs) (developer library) : 1.0 release : “expanded inputs and output WoT scores to Nostr NIPs and other stuff” for consumption by clients and relays. https://github.com/Pretty-Good-Freedom-Tech/graperank-nodejs - [My Grapevine](https://grapevine.my) (algo dashboard) : 1.0 release : “algo usage and configuration webapp with API endpoints” for end users to setup GrapeRank scoring for consumption by their own clients and relays. https://grapevine.my/ - [Meet Me On Nostr](https://nostrmeet.me) (onboarding client) : 1.0 release : first GrapeRank integration, offering “follow and app recommendations for invited users”, customizable per-invite for Nostr advocates. https://nostrmeet.me/ ### Prior contributions - Last spring I hosted panel discussions and [wrote articles on Nostr](https://primal.net/p/npub1manlnflyzyjhgh970t8mmngrdytcp3jrmaa66u846ggg7t20cgqqvyn9tn#reads) exploring how to build “sovereign webs of trust”, where end users can have control over which algorithms to use, and what defines “trust”. - I contributed [gift wrap encryption](https://github.com/nostr-dev-kit/ndk/commit/82b60c3b6ae2f38bde0e542d31bfa10d58d08116) to NDK. - I am also authoring [gift wrapped direct messaging and chat room](https://github.com/nostr-dev-kit/ndk/pulls?q=is%3Apr+author%3Amanimejia) modules for NDK. - Last July, I attended The Bitcoin Conference on an OpenSource pass to raise funds for my onboarding client. I onboarded many Bitcoiners to Nostr, and made valuable connections at Bitcoin Park. ### About Me I discovered Nostr in September ‘23 as a freelance web developer, after years of looking for a “sovereignty respecting” social media on which to build apps. With this came my first purchase of Bitcoin. By December of that year, I was settled on “open source freedom tech” (Nostr and Bitcoin) as the new direction for my career. As a web professional for 20+ years, I know the importance of “proof of work” and being connected. For the last 18 months, I have been establishing myself as a builder in this community. This pivot has not been easy, but it has been rewarding and necessary. After so many years building private tech for other people, I finally have a chance to build freedom tech for everyone. I have finally come home to my peeps and my purpose. Thank you for considering this application for funding.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Zadar is a coastal city in northern Dalmatia, known for its rich Roman and Venetian history, stunning sunsets, and unique modern attractions like the Sea Organ and Sun Salutation. With ancient ruins, beautiful beaches, and a lively Old Town, Zadar offers a less crowded but equally charming alternative** to Split and Dubrovnik.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Zadar** ### **1️⃣ Explore Zadar Old Town 🏰** - Walk through **narrow, stone-paved streets**, surrounded by **Roman and medieval architecture**. - Visit **People’s Square (Narodni Trg)** – The **heart of Zadar’s Old Town**, filled with lively cafés. ### **2️⃣ Visit the Sea Organ & Sun Salutation 🎶🌞** - **Sea Organ** – A one-of-a-kind **musical instrument**, where waves create **natural melodies**. - **Sun Salutation** – A large **solar-powered light display**, best seen at sunset. - **Alfred Hitchcock once called Zadar’s sunset “the most beautiful in the world.”** 🌅  ### **3️⃣ Admire St. Donatus Church & Roman Forum ⛪** - **St. Donatus (9th century)** – A unique, round **Byzantine-style church** with great acoustics. - **Roman Forum** – The remains of an ancient Roman marketplace, built in the **1st century BC**. ### **4️⃣ Climb the Bell Tower of St. Anastasia’s Cathedral 🔔** - Enjoy **spectacular views** over Zadar’s rooftops and the Adriatic. - One of the **tallest church towers in Croatia**.  ### **5️⃣ Relax at Zadar’s Best Beaches 🏖️** - **Kolovare Beach** – The most popular **city beach**, just a short walk from the Old Town. - **Borik Beach** – A **sandy beach with shallow waters**, ideal for families. - **Punta Bajlo** – A more **natural and peaceful spot**, great for a quiet swim. ### **6️⃣ Take a Day Trip to Kornati National Park ⛵** - A **beautiful archipelago of 89 islands**, perfect for **boating, swimming, and snorkeling**. - Join a **boat tour from Zadar** to explore the **untouched nature of the Adriatic**. ### **7️⃣ Try Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Black Risotto (Crni Rižot)** – A delicious squid-ink seafood dish. 🦑 - **Pag Cheese (Paški Sir)** – A famous **sheep’s milk cheese from Pag Island**. 🧀 - **Grilled Adriatic Fish** – Freshly caught and served with **olive oil & Dalmatian herbs**. 🐟  ## **🚗 How to Get to Zadar** ✈️ **By Air:** - **Zadar Airport (ZAD)** is **just 15 minutes from the city center**. 🚘 **By Car:** - **From Split:** ~1.5 hours (160 km) - **From Zagreb:** ~2.5 hours (285 km) 🚌 **By Bus:** Regular buses from **Split, Zagreb, Dubrovnik, and Plitvice Lakes**. ⛴️ **By Ferry:** Ferries connect Zadar to nearby islands like **Ugljan, Dugi Otok, and Pašman**.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Zadar** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–October** for warm weather & island trips ☀️ ✅ **Stay near the Old Town** – Everything is within walking distance 🏡 ✅ **Catch the sunset at the Sea Organ** – It’s a must-do experience 🌊🎶 ✅ **Take a ferry to Ugljan Island** for a day of beaches & cycling 🚢🚴‍♂️ ✅ **Book Kornati boat tours in advance** – They sell out fast in summer! ⛵ 

@ 000002de:c05780a7

### I score zero points. How about you? https://m.primal.net/QDDi.jpg I almost called this a boomer test but its more of a Gen X test. __Credit to Jack Spirko for sharing this on Twitter.__ originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/933537

@ 5708b1f6:208df3b8

The role and significance of music naturally varies from person to person. For some, it is counted among the most important things in life. For others, it may be a superfluous additive of limited value. Due to this difference in perception relating to music, it may be difficult for some individuals to recognize the benefits of compiling a personalized music playlist. However, the value of music as a therapeutic tool for people already suffering from advanced dementia has been repeatedly demonstrated, and sometimes with astounding, although temporary, results. The internet is full of studies and stories, and YouTube searches yield an abundance of video evidence ranging from clinical studies to anecdotal family recordings of elderly relatives. All of these data and anecdotes point to a compelling suggestion and an exciting conclusion: music appreciation has tremendous potential as a supplemental activity for mental health maintenance. With insights gained from the study of neuroplasticity, the neurological benefits for musicians and performers are easy to see, but less clear is the fact that mere exposure to music as a casual listener can be of profound psychological importance, even for individuals who don’t consider themselves to be music lovers. The transformative effect of music is on full display in many of the available videos on YouTube. We can simply search “dementia music,” or ‘Alzheimer’s music” for fast, relevant results. In video after video, we can see elderly subjects who may be slow to speak, detached, disoriented, barely-intelligible, or unresponsive. In care facilities and at gatherings with families, they are interviewed about their youth, and about their feelings related to music. Many of the videos first show footage of the individual’s normal daily cognitive state, and them listening and responding to the questions, followed by a period of music listening, and then another brief, post-music discussion. The transformation of mental states tends to be very clear when we compare the quality of their cognitive performance before and after the introduction of music. People remark that “a light has been turned back on,” or “his personality returned,” or “it’s as if the person has woken up from sleep.” Unfortunately, these positive responses are only temporary, and music does not have the power to permanently reverse the symptoms and pathology of advanced dementia and age-related cognitive decline. Also there is no guarantee it will work for every person, or to what degree. Nevertheless, it does not mean that music as therapy is completely without value. In fact, it can be quite the opposite. When the response is positive, the event can have multiple benefits, and may even be a therapeutic experience for certain listeners. Faces once despondent or vacant become animated and radiant. Long lost smiles return from faraway times and places. Memories and associations from previous ages shake loose and rise to the surface. Many listeners were asked to recount their experiences related to the songs and the time in life with which they were primarily associated. Some of them were able to describe events, places, people, emotions, and reactions with a degree of clarity, dexterity, and articulation that was completely inconsistent with their medical diagnosis and their cognitive performance prior to hearing the music. The song quite literally revives the personality that makes the person, temporarily and superficially reversing the undoing of the mind. For a mind that is coming undone, music as therapy has potential to mitigate suffering and confusion, provide moments of joy and enthusiasm, and ease the transition into and experience of the end-of-life period that awaits all who are fortunate enough to “die of natural causes” in old age. The benefits described above are specific to “treatment” recipients, but the merit of music as therapy cascades into the lives of everyone involved. Doctors and caretakers are uplifted and encouraged by success stories, which contributes to further proliferation and advancement of music as therapy. More critically, it can have a profound impact on families of dementia patients. In some cases, relatives get a chance to communicate with their loved ones again. Grandchildren have a window of opportunity to learn more, directly from their grandparents, about the youthful experiences and memories of past generations. It’s clear that generational bonds are also strengthened, which can positively impact the future prospects of the young generation as they in turn grow old, and lay new groundwork for generations that follow. It is unfortunate that some elderly individuals seem to derive less cognitive benefit than others from music therapy. It is not entirely certain why this is so, because there are many factors to consider, but two of the clearest factors are a person’s degree of cognitive decline, and their degree of interest in and enthusiasm for music in general. While these are the most popular metrics by which to judge the potential effectiveness and suitability of music as therapy for a given individual, by far the most important consideration is relevance to each particular person’s life experiences. This is the opportunity to finally state the obvious: It’s not possible to simply pick any song at random and expect it to have a beneficial effect on the cognitive function of every person who hears it. It’s not as if there’s a Britney Spears song that sparks joy in the heart of every soul on Earth. And the legend of Bill and Ted’s ultimate song that united the world could never be a true story (also because, as we finally learned in 2020, it was not two men and a song that united the world, but rather, the world uniting together to create that song.) However, everyone in the world can make their own playlist custom-tailored to their individual life, experiences, and memories, and some of those playlists might have a song or two by Britney Spears, or even some from one of the “Bill and Ted” soundtracks. Throughout my decades of music appreciation, an ever-growing level of respect for the enduring spirit of music has overwhelmed me, and it’s clear that no song will ever be loved by all. But every song will be loved by some, certainly at least by someone, or it would cease to exist. This is why a personalized playlist is infinitely more valuable than randomly selected songs, and we can see the truth of this claim upon close examination of recorded interviews with the elderly subjects. The songs that triggered the greatest reactions were songs that interviewees felt strong connections to, based primarily on the song’s associations to the time and place, as well as the emotional context imprinted on the memory of the events surrounding the songs. This simply means that songs for which we have emotional attachments and vivid memories are songs that invigorate our neural circuits, activating cognitive pathways and opening doors of memory similar to how olfactory sensations can trigger a memory or a sense of déjà vu. There are some exceptions, but a lot of these songs are from a person’s formative years, particularly early developmental years and their teenage period. This comes as no surprise to the discerning neuroplastician, because these are periods of life when neural plasticity is most fluid, neural development and refinement functions are most active and receptive, and the degree of exciting novelty in life tends to be highest when we are young and inexperienced. Novelty and emotion are critical components of memory formation and whether a given experience will be memorable or not. Something completely new (novelty) can be memorable if it commands your attention, or derails you from your usual pattern of behavior. Similarly, the content of a tedious lecture may be harder to recall without taking notes, while that of an exciting, fun, and funny, interactive lesson has a greater chance of being memorable, and recalled with more clarity and detail (emotion). When it comes to music, the connection to novelty and emotion is crystal clear. The first time you ever heard that song, it was new and your emotional response was strong. You might even remember the events of that first time you heard it, but not necessarily. Your emotional attachment to the song may have developed later on, when you heard it playing at a party, on one of the most memorable nights of your teenage life, for example. Perhaps it’s just a song (or songs) your parents played a lot when you were young, and it could be a song you yourself heard many times, and looking back realized it holds a special place in your heart, for whatever reason. There are also songs that are special to romantic couples (This song was playing when we…; This is our song; We were together the first time we heard this song; etc.) and these songs, for obvious reasons, can be added to a personalized music playlist at any time in life, as new and old songs take on added personal significance in various ways. There are a multitude of ways that novelty and emotion can combine to form experiences worth remembering, by which memories are made, and if these experiences are imprinted with a musical stamp, the song stamped onto the memory is likely to remain just as memorable as the event itself, and conversely, listening to the song has the potential to vivify the memories and feelings of nostalgia related to the song. Therefore, as a preventative measure we can implement now, and an insurance policy we may benefit from later, it is advisable that each person should endeavor to compile their own personal, individualized cognitive reserve playlist. When speaking to someone about this idea, they responded, “But what’s the hurry? After all, you’re still quite young.” Just then, it spontaneously occurred to me that a traumatic head injury could befall me the following day or any day hence, and the simple point that “it’s never too early” was well taken. To create your own cognitive reserve playlist, it is helpful to have a few guiding parameters. Most important of all is to keep an open mind without setting anything in stone. It’s not necessary to finalize the list immediately, if ever. This is a project that deserves your thoughtful consideration, so you deserve to be allowed to take your time. It’s better to get the list populated with your definite favorites, and as many others that come to mind, just to kick-start the process. Besides, due to the virtually infinite number of songs and compositions in existence, we will never be able to make the perfect list in one day, one month, or even one year. We can always revisit the list and make changes later, because our minds cannot retrieve all the data at once. We must go about our business of carrying on, and wait for it to come to us. (It’s guaranteed to be worth the wait, so never fret about it.) You may even find yourself removing one of those “definite favorites” from the list, which is welcome and fine, because it’s not merely a list of your favorite songs. Being a “favorite” is just one of multiple indicators that a song might be appropriate for a cognitive reserve playlist. “Memorable” is another key word. There are still other factors that determine a song’s suitability for a personal playlist, such as a song that isn’t a personal favorite, but which nevertheless evokes a strong emotional response in some other way. This is best described as nostalgia, and nostalgic emotions are powerful anchors for memories. So any song that arouses some sense of nostalgia also has the power to arouse the memory of events, places, times, and other details tied to that nostalgia. To know what songs are nostalgic for you and add them to your list today, may help you if a time should come that you need music as therapy in order to trigger your memory and cognitive function. It is because of nostalgia that many songs from our youth are good candidates for inclusion on the playlist. Songs that were popular on the radio or TV when we were children, theme songs from popular television programs that are unforgettable for us, and songs that acted as the soundtrack to our lives, so to speak, while growing into childhood, and then blossoming again from adolescence into adulthood. This period is rich with music of great significance to our personal center. It is my sincere hope that all people earnestly endeavor to compile their own personalized cognitive reserve playlists, and encourage their loved ones to do the same. Maybe it can help those who suffer to better cope with the condition. Perhaps starting this project now, and focusing on mental health now can be a significant contributing factor to developing robust cognitive reserve in the first place, thereby heading off the worst of what this condition can throw at us, and delaying it until later. And of course, not only should we create the lists, but it’s highly recommended that we also play the songs frequently, and dance to them as well, preferably. It is in the interest of your future health, ability, mobility, enjoyment, and ease of living that I offer this potentially beneficial suggestion, and I am grateful that you have taken the time to hear me out regarding my passion about the restorative and healing properties of music, as they relate to the broader topic of neuroplasticity. So on that note, shall we press play and dance?

@ 8671a6e5:f88194d1

\~ The person came up to me from behind his merchandise stand and saw my Noderunners pin on my black t-shirt, then looked me dead in the eye and asked : “So… what do you sell?” *This is the eighth long-read in a series of twelve “food for thought” writings on Bitcoin. It was originally meant to be a few chapters in a book, but life’s too short for that.* ## **Define** Let me start by saying there’s no single way to define or explain a “Bitcoin conference.” The experience can vary depending on a few factors: who’s organizing it (a long-time Bitcoiner or someone from traditional finance trying to grasp Bitcoin), where it’s being held (a sunny paradise like Madeira or a gloomy northern French town), and who’s speaking (technical experts or charismatic entertainers or people with little substance). Despite these differences, there’s a shared culture that ties these conferences together: a mix of excitement, frustrations, and inevitable evolution. That’s what I explore. This is just my take, based on what I’ve personally witnessed and what I hear from my surroundings. It’s not meant to be a blanket critique of all Bitcoin conferences as there are plenty I haven’t attended, though I hear about most of them. Even the good ones will evolve into something else over time. So, plan accordingly. A bit of background on my perspective: at some point in my life, I hit a bump in the road that kept me tied to where I live — a bleak corner of Belgium, surrounded by fiat slaves, shitcoiners, and people who spend six hours a day consuming brain-numbing garbage television. Traveling is an exception for me, but for many Bitcoin conference attendees, it’s a ritual, a must-do event. So, I view these events with a mix of fascination and grounded skepticism — something I’ve found lacking in many Bitcoiners. I’ve never been to a Bitcoin conference before 2023, despite receiving plenty of invites over the years. From what I heard and saw in photos from friends who attended (even the real early ones) these events seemed eerily similar to the dull hotel conference rooms I once endured in tech and telecom. I’ve had my fill of lukewarm, watery coffee and lifeless speakers droning on about firewalls. So I skipped that particular honor. Up until around 2018, Bitcoin conferences were a soulless sea of chairs lined up under fluorescent tube lights, draining the life out of attendees—one telecom acronym at a time. Not exactly inviting. Yet, looking back from the perspective of 2025, those were the “pure” days. Back then, people like Roger Ver (before he pivoted to Bitcoin Cash), Andreas Antonopoulos, and encryption specialists spoke to small audiences, explaining Bitcoin in its raw form. But, like any Bitcoiner, I try to improve myself. So, I made the effort to travel, visit other Bitcoiners, and attend Bitcoin conferences. The conferences I attended in 2023/2024 made me a bit wiser ; not necessarily from what was said on stage (with a few lucky exceptions who still try to bring original thoughts). Most of what I learned came from the long queues, the drama, and watching grifters operate in real time and the good characters floating around. So, here’s what I’ve learned. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/d49fdda9ecb03f04f6c778e5301c67cf2bb15ff3b8647d929cb1755a9f6660a4.png"> **Chain of ticket** I quickly discovered that many Bitcoin conferences have their own “quest for tickets” dynamic, almost like an industry with its own inner circle. It’s a waterfall system: tickets start at lower prices to fill up the venue (usually right after the previous edition). That’s standard practice, both inside and outside of Bitcoin. But what’s strange is seeing organizations that only pop up when a conference needs promotion—somehow securing tickets for themselves and their friends (or for \*making\* friends) while shilling referral links for small discounts to their followers. The real free tickets, though, are a hot topic in many local communities and make all the difference for some attendees. What’s particularly interesting is that most ticket prices can be paid in Bitcoin, adding a layer of calculation to the process. If you paid 230500 sats for your ticket and later see the dollar price fluctuate, say from $180 to $270, or the other way around, by the time the conference starts, you realize you either bought too late or too early.\ It’s better to not have bought at all. Some ticket holders end up paying less (in dollar terms) than others, making it a gamble. As the event date approaches, ticket prices tend to rise—unless you wait until the last minute, when they haven’t sold out, or just pay at the door. It’s a strange feeling knowing that not everyone paid the same amount (and as mentioned, a significant number get in for free) depending on their timing. Many organizations and local community representatives show up primarily to be present; securing free tickets, which function more as a badge of recognition than a necessity.\ It’s similar to how a rock groupie sees backstage access: a status symbol, whether for an autograph or something more. Being seen standing next to big names is a huge deal for some, as they derive their own status from proximity.\ This also reinforces the “rockstar status” that conferences create around certain figures, once they come out to take a selfie with some nice people and young fans, then to quickly disappear back to the ‘whale room’ or backstage. There’s often an entire insider network determining who gets these free tickets. In some cases, it’s naturally tied to the local community, but in others, the professionalism is laughably low. At certain events, you could probably just walk up to the entrance (if there’s even someone checking) and say, “I’m with the organization” to get in for free. It gets even more absurd.\ At a conference near the French-Swiss border, I was probably one of the very few who actually paid for entry. The real spectacle wasn’t in the talk rooms — which remained eerily empty — but in the dining area, where half the town seemed to have shown up just for the free food. Around 200 people queued for a free lunch, while the presentation halls were at best one-third full throughout the day. And beyond the ticket games, there are plenty of ways to slip in unnoticed. Carrying a random piece of equipment and mumbling\ “I need to put this crate in the back” can get you past security. Or you can just wait for the one security guard to get distracted by chatting up a girl or stepping out for a smoke, and you’re in. At one event, I walked in alongside someone carrying crates of wine for the VIP lounge. I blended in perfectly (I paid afterward). So, to sum up: at nearly every conference I’ve been to, a big portion of attendees either walk in for free or hold compensation tickets they got through some connection. Sometimes that connection is uncomfortably close to the organizers. Other times, they just slap an “industry” label on themselves when, in reality, they’re nothing more than a social media bio with a few followers. Local representatives of a podcast, community, influencer network, or fake marketing club also get in for free. And you? The regular guest, you and I are paying for them. There’s no real vetting process; with some organizers, anyone wearing a Bitcoin t-shirt and saying the magic words “I do community building” or “I know the local Bitcoin meetups” gets a free pass. The ones who actually want to learn about Bitcoin — the ones who click the link and pay full price — are the ones covering the costs for everyone else and ultimately making these conferences profitable (or at least break even). The problem? They’re the ones left wondering: “Was it really worth my time and money?” only to never return again most of the time. Because many of the people at these conferences aren’t there to learn. They’re part of the circus. And others? They’re the ones paying for the circus boss, the clowns, and the trapeze artists. At that one conference with the massive free-lunch crowd, I saw one interesting talk. And I had plenty of valuable conversations and observations — conversations I could have just as easily had by visiting that place outside of a conference setting. In the end, I realized the main reason I was there was to support a fellow Bitcoiner giving a presentation. And after that? They disappeared from my life. Because, just like in the fiat world, you’re only as good as your last few hours of usefulness to most people. Which brings me to the next element of Bitcoin conferences...friends **Bitcoin “frens”** This might be the hardest lesson of all: you meet fellow Bitcoiners at these conferences. And some of them? They’re truly special characters. A few even made such a deep connection with not-so-well-traveled-me that I would’ve gladly traveled a full travel day just to spend time working and doing something meaningful together (which I actually did). But most of these connections? They last only a moment. Few survive beyond the conference, mainly because of the vast distances— both in kilometers (or miles) and in the way we live our everyday lives. The Bitcoiners you meet at these events are, for the most part, just regular people trying to make ends meet in the fiat world while saving in Bitcoin. Or they’re chasing the Bitcoin dream or even find a job in the fata morgana of bitcoin jobs. They act like they belong, like a clown acting like he’s going to climb the trapeze. I respect that. But over time, I realized that many of them operate in Bitcoin mode; a kind of facade. Behind that front, that mask, most are just testing the waters to see if they can make it. And most don’t.\ Treating Bitcoin as a lifestyle movement, a career shortcut, or an identity, has its limits. Eventually, the real person breaks through. And you have to face your own instincts and personality.\ I’ve tried to be an acrobat, and ride the lion, make the audience laugh, but I’m still the seal who’s brought back to the cage after he balanced a ball on his nose. The quote “I’m Jack’s wasted life.” came to mind often when standing somewhere at a conference space. Self-doubting people stay self-doubting, owning Bitcoin or not. Emotional wrecks remain emotional wrecks — just with Bitcoin now. And when these masks slip off, you’ll see everything: the greed, the overconfidence, the longing for drama, the addictions, the narcissism, the energy-draining personalities, sleaziness usually with the ones who always say the right oneliners or wear the right Bitcoin merch to blend in. And you can love people for that. Everyone has flaws. Everyone has a price as well. But these Bitcoin “frens” can also hurt you badly. Because as Bitcoiners, we carry hopes. And hopes are like ants on a sidewalk, they’ll eventually get crushed.\ We long to meet people who see the same truth, the same vision of Bitcoin as we do. Some will act like they actually understand and do, they talk the talk for a while, as if they’re parroting a podcast. If you stay in the shadows - like I did for years - you won’t have to deal with these things. If you never try, you’ll never be let down. But you still stay in the imaginary basement, letting yourself down. That’s not the bitcoin style. We router around problems. Even if we stand amidst the problems (like a conference). But if you do? There’s a hefty price to pay — beyond just the money spent. It’s a cost paid in energy, emotions, and social interactions and above all: time. And once in a while, you’ll meet a friend for life. Just be prepared: Bitcoin is a journey that few people you encounter at a conference can take for longer than four years, or even four hours of conversation actually. And then, after navigating the social maze of Bitcoin conferences —the connections, the masks, the fleeting friendships, the smell of weed and regret — you find yourself facing an even greater challenge: the queue at a coffee stall. <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/26f00a14b1ff12ea82635f1fd659900a7a836d37591556a31fda91d8210dcff0.png"> ## ## \ The Soviet LN Queue It’s one of the most fascinating and frustrating aspects of every conference: the insanely long lines. Whether it’s for the toilets, a coffee booth, or some niche merchandise stall, you’ll see Bitcoiners waiting like it’s 1963 after a Soviet state bakery just got fresh deliveries. waiting for coffee Seriously, aren’t we supposed to be the pinnacle of free-market efficiency? Instead, we’ve somehow perfected the art of the long food lines. I remember people waiting in line for like 35 minutes to order a cappuccino! The usual culprit? A mix of payment chaos and the Bitcoin Orangepill mental issues in action. A large portion insists on using Lightning (as in "their preferred lighting wallet"), which would be fine except they’re fumbling with some exotic, half-working wallet because using something that’s actually fast might get them sneered at for being “custodial.” On top of that, vendors are juggling card payments, cash, various Lightning POS systems, and even the occasional cutting edge dudes trying to pay with an Apple Watch or worse, some newly released Lightning-enabled gadget that doesn’t work yet. And when it does work, it requires so much attention and Instagram footage that it takes five minutes just to hand someone a coffee while the guy pays with a lighting NFC ring on his finger, something you can't use ànywhere else ever. It’s cool. But not to anyone else than you. So, here’s a tip for the regular people, the rats that pay for all of this : sneak out. Then you find a small, locally owned café outside the conference, pay them in cash, and actually enjoy your food in a few seconds or minutes. If (and only if) they accept Bitcoin, great! Tip them well. Otherwise, just relax and have a conversation with a local, all the while inside the conference venue there are Bitcoiners filming each other struggling to make a payment with the latest Lightning-enabled NFC card or making the staff uneasy. Meanwhile, some poor 22-year-old café worker is trapped in an unsolicited podcast participation: “Wait, you accept tips in Wallet of Satoshi? Who told you that? I’ll explain it to you!” Or worse: “Hold on, I just need to do a quick swap… It’s an on-chain transaction, the last block was 19 minutes ago, can’t be long now… wait… umm… do you take VISA?” At this point, ordering a simple drink at a Bitcoin conference has become an unnecessarily complex, ego-driven performance. With long queues as a direct result. And don’t get me started on the story when 30+ bitcoiners walked in to a Portuguese restaurant without a reservation, and they all wanted to pay with different payment methods. It was like the Vietnam war. **Solution:** A tip for conference organizers and their catering : pick one Bitcoin point of sales system, set clear guidelines, and make everyone stick to them. Instruct people to adhere to the following : Pay with a (bank) card, cash, or Lightning and PLEASE decide beforehand which method you’re using before ordering your stuff! We prefer lighting. If you’re using Lightning, have enough balance on you wallet or get lost. Use a compatible wallet. (Provide a tested “approved” list and train staff properly. Users who use other stuff get their order “cancelled” at the first sign of trouble. Your app‘s not scanning, or not compatible, or it has some technical mumbo-jumbo going on to your vpn LN node at home 2000 km away? Please get real and pay with a bank card or something. No filming, duck-facing (like it's 2017) or stupid selfies with your payment. It’s been done a thousand times by now. There are people in line, waiting behind you, they want to order as well, while you have your little ego trip or marketing moment. Move on please! “Our staff knows how bitcoin payments work, you don’t need to #orangesplain it to anyone.” We don’t care about your 200th LN app or the latest “but… this one is faster” thingy. Order your drinks, pay and get out of the way please. Bitcoin fixes many things. But it hasn’t quite fixed this yet. The bitcoin conference axiom Going to a conference, versus keeping your bitcoin in your wallet is a tough choice for many. If you pay nothing for tickets and lodging, while enjoying free meals and cocktails, your opportunity cost drops close to zero —yet your networking and social impact are maximized while you can also do business. That’s ideal. At least, for you. In such case, Bitcoin may only "win" over an extended timeline, but for you, it's essentially a free ride. You incur no real opportunity costs. You drink their milkshake. On the other hand, if you’re a regular attendee, you pay full price: the ticket, overpriced drinks and food from the stands (losing even more if you generously pay for coffee in sats), plus extras like t-shirts and books (which you’ll never read). Your milkshake gets taken—at least half of it. If you’re lucky, you might spend an evening in town with the event’s "stars"—those occasional luminaries who briefly grace the normies with their presence for a drink. Some can’t even hold their liquor. Year after year, the same 10 to 15 speakers or panelists appear, funded by your dime, traveling the world and enjoying the perks—some even cultivating fan bases and hosting exclusive parties. The real opportunity cost hits hardest for regular attendees who come to learn, shelling out significant money while accumulating their fourth hardware wallet or yet another orange-themed t-shirt. They might even squeeze in a selfie with a former sportswear model turned Bitcoiner. For normies (as they’re often called), the financial and social scales rarely tip in their favor. **Calculating the conference opportunity cost** To determine the opportunity cost of attending a conference instead of investing in Bitcoin, over time follow these steps: 1. Calculate your total conference expenses, including tickets, travel, food, drinks, and lodging (merchandise and donations). 2. Estimate Bitcoin’s percentage gain over the conference period and the following year(s). (in order to not make you cry, I suggest nog going over 5 years) 3. Multiply your total conference cost by this percentage to determine the potential Bitcoin profit you forgo. 4. Assign a dollar value to the networking or business opportunities you expect to gain from the conference (if you’re not just in it for the laughs, meeting high-class consultants, friendships, self-proclaimed social media Bitcoiners, or the occasional gyrating on one of the musicians/artists/food stall staff members). 5. Subtract this “networking” value from the missed Bitcoin profit to find your net opportunity cost (this is rather personal,… with me it’s zero, but for someone selling t-shirts it’s probably much more). If the result is negative over the chosen timeframe, the conference was financially worthwhile for you. If positive, holding or buying Bitcoin was the smarter move. Unless you’re a recognized speaker in this traveling circus, your opportunity cost will likely be positive — meaning all the others lose hard money, while fumbling with your Lightning wallet. The Conference Opportunity Cost Formula Let: CT = Total conference ticket & entrance cost (in dollars) CR = Total related conference costs (travel, lodging, food, etc.) C = CT + CR (Total cost) G = Bitcoin’s % gain per year (as a decimal, e.g., 5% = 0.05) N = Estimated fiat value of networking/business opportunities and knowledge gained. ### OC = (C × G) − N Where: OC (Opportunity Cost) &lt; 0 → The conference was worth attending. OC (Opportunity Cost) &gt; 0 → Holding/buying Bitcoin was the better move. Some example calculations (I've left out examples before 2020, I don't want people crying or waking up at night thinking "Why did I go to Amsterdam in 2014?!") example : Conference in April 2024 Entrance: $200 Lodging, t-shirt, and travel: $900 Bitcoin's estimated gain: 23% (0.23) No business / knowledge value gained OC = (200 + 900) × 0.23 - 0 - $253 OC (Bitcoin would have been the better choice.) Conference in April 2020 (adjusted for historical Bitcoin growth) Entrance: $175 Lodging and travel: $700 Bitcoin's estimated gain: 1089% (10.89) No business / knowledge value gained OC = (175 + 700) × 10.89 - 0 OC = +$9,529 (Massive missed gains — Bitcoin was the clear winner. \-- So the first lesson in bitcoin should be: Only attend conferences if you get paid to do so and get a free ticket and free lodging, which kind of would kill that whole industry to begin with. ### Energizing At first, it’s energizing to meet like-minded bitcoiners, but after a while, you realize that a big chunk of them are just trying to sell you something or aren’t really bitcoin-focused at all. And some of them are just looking for their next way to kill time and boredom. The drama that comes with attending these conference and the personal interaction can get pretty intense at times, since expectations often don’t match the personalities. Before you know, you’re walking around at night through some bad part of a town, while crying your eyes out because you thought you found your soulmate. Future pure industry conferences will suffer less from this drama, because everyone there has the same goal — pushing their company or product— while the “other” grassroots conferences are more of a meeting spot for bitcoiners of all types and perspectives, bringing the usual drama and mess that comes with human interactions. Current conferences are a mix of both usually. I think the current era of bitcoin conferences is coming to an end. Soon, probably by the end of 2025, we’ll see a clear split between industry-driven and human-driven (grassroots) smaller conferences, and it’ll be really important to keep these two separate. I even had the idea to launch a sort of conference where there wouldn’t be any industry speakers or companies present. Just bitcoiners gathering at a certain place at a specific week and having a good time. I called it “club Sat” And you could just go there, and meet other bitcoiners, while acting there was a big venue and speakers,… but there aren’t any. Would be refreshing. No struggle for tickets, no backstage stuff, no boring talks and presentation,… just the surroundings and the drama lever you want and probably like. ### On stage The podium is usually left for the known names. Not every conference is like that, but most of them need these names, badly. These names know each other, they encounter one another in VIP rooms and “the industry” a lot of times anyway. The same people you see in the bitcoin news, the same people having a cult following, and the very same people traveling, staying and drinking for free while spreading the same bitcoin wisdoms will be invited over and over again. Or… they go rock around as they’re usually so bored they had to start a rock band to entertain themselves. Which is rather entertaining if you’re following up on who does what, but in the end it’s largely just for their own amusement and it shows. I get that. I would do the same. It’s fun and all. It’s just a bit sad that there are only a small group of top-layer speakers, and then the sub-top that usually has more to say, or gets little opportunity. The reason for that is simple: the “normies” who pay in full for tickets, come there for the “big” names. They don’t know that much about bitcoin usually, so they’re not waiting on some unknown dude explaining something about an obscure niche subject. A debate can help remedie this, to mix it in with some lesser known names, but I have the feeling the current “line-up” of bitcoin conferences feels like a rock festival in 2025 putting the Stone temple pilots or Creed on the card. Yes, they’ll attract an audience and do their playset well,… but it’s not exactly the pinnacle of the music industry at the moment, neither is Madonna by the way :) ## Promoting anything The people organizing these events usually aren’t Bitcoiners either — they’re promoters (few exceptions though). <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/f478bf793b2048a51a15ceab5b8384abdb8d00c6d7c3cdd16731f5379cc1417d.png"> They don’t care if they organize a symposium about a newly discovered STD, A three-day cheese tasting event, a Star Trek convention, or a Lucha Libre wrestling tournament featuring El HODLador, as long as they can sell tickets and make money from merchandise they're good. The last thing on the mind with some of them will be helping bitcoin adoption. There will be a time (soon) where people that know bitcoin, known bitcoiners and know how to organize events get their act together. It will be different than the early days, and it will be different than the boring going-through-the-motions conferences we have now. There shall be fun, social gatherings, life, excitement and culture, and not the “what do you sell?” atmosphere, neither the “this old dude on stage again”? That’s why they’ll slap any semi-famous name on the poster to pull in a crowd - could be a washed-up Mexican wrestling star with strange legal issues, the cheese-tasting equivalent of Usain Bolt, or your neighborhood Bitcoin old-timer with a beard and a "best selling author" label. It’s also why most of these conferences end up being more about shitcoins than anything else. And even if they're for the most part about bitcoin, the venue is usually infested with marketing budgets, useless organizations that wanted complimentary tickets (some of them do only one thing: popping up when a conference is nearby and then they’re gone again) ... along with some hawking consultant types you never see anywhere else. They'll occasionally pay people but usually in fiat, or if you're a bigger name, you might get other deals. For artists or staff, it's all in fiat from what I heard. Pure Bitcoin conferences, also rely on these big names. Whether it’s a well-known Bitcoiner, a CEO, president, or someone with real reveling knowledge to share with the audience (though that last type is getting rare). ### **Looking for love in all the wrong places** \ Let’s also address the fair share of “orange diggers” at Bitcoin conferences—because yes, they exist. And no, let’s not single out one particular gender here. Some people treat a Bitcoin conference like a live-action dating app mixed with a financial vetting process for potential partners. It’s essentially an opportunity to inspect and assess the grab bag of fintech, crypto, and Bitcoin folks in real life. And if you think this is exaggerated, just attend a few conferences—three is enough. You’ll start noticing the same people popping up, seemingly without any real Bitcoin knowledge, but with a very strong interest in dining, chatting, and generally being around—as long as you look and play the part. I can only imagine how dialed-up this effect must be at a shitcoin conference — probably like flies on a cowpie. The trick is, in Bitcoin, these people try to blend in. Some even tag along with real Bitcoiners, while others just crash the party and try to get noticed. Their actual interest in Bitcoin? Close to zero. Their main target? Your wallet, or some fantasy thing about getting to know someone out of the ordinary. And that’s a shame for the people who genuinely care about Bitcoin, who want to network, or who simply are looking for like-minded people. They often find themselves competing for attention with those who’ve turned “being noticed” into a sport, while the rest just wander around, lost in the shuffle. Talk to the quiet ones. Certainly if they look like they belong in a antiques shop. My advice: Talk to people and be genuine. If you don’t know much about Bitcoin, that’s fine - nobody expects you to be a walking whitepaper and on top of that, most people you'll encounter don't know that much either. It’s bitcoin: we’re all rather average people that hold an extraordinary asset. Just don’t be "that orange digger" looking for a partner with a loaded bag of bitcoin. Because in the end, what’s the prize you win? You don’t know who’s under the mask. You don’t even know who’s under your own mask. Finding a man or woman at a place where half the people are laser-focused on financial sovereignty, and the other half are busy arguing about seed phrase storage, UTXO management, and why your Lightning wallet sucks? But good luck with that. The judge of character usually comes when they find the next shiny object or ditched you standing in the rain at the entrance of a restaurant while dealing with a lightning watchtower or a funny cigarette or whatever. If you’re truly looking for love, maybe stick to going to a normal bar. If you’re here to learn, connect, and be part of something of a grassroots movement, then be real yourself. I've seen some rather nasty examples of people at Bitcoin conferences—of all kinds. And I've also seen some really cool examples of truly awesome people. This led me to believe that Bitcoin conferences simply let you meet… people, just dialed up a bit. Future If you encounter rotten people, they’ll usually be even more rotten than in the fiat world. If you meet really cool people, they’ll be even more awesome than the cool people in the fiat world. Our volatility is our freedom. So, I guess it’s normal. Doesn’t make it any easier, though. Bitcoin sees through bullshit, and so do Bitcoiners (even if it takes 21,000 blocks) Pretty soon, I reckon we’ll see conferences fork into two camps: grass roots, and the “industry” level ones. (human / corporate) I guess I’ll only attend the human part, for sure, but I can’t help but booking myself a single room in a hotel in a nice area in that case, so I don’t have to deal with class of 2022 hippies sharing referral links to their middleman service while asking me for a lighter 3 times in a row. The chances for me of meeting cool bitcoiners in a nearby cocktail bar are a lot higher. In the meanwhile, I’ll look forward and see how the bitcoin conferences will evolve, fork in two “styles”. One corporate and one underground. Maybe there will be one more genre just for the fun of it. I’ll stay away, as I don’t like this current mix of industry gigs and having the insiders and “the rest” of us all mingled together clamoring for tickets, attention and coffee. The game is rigged. Staying at home is the better option (for now). written by AVB If you like : [tip here](https://coinos.io/allesvoorbitcoin/receive)

@ f1989a96:bcaaf2c1

Good morning, readers! Georgian officials froze the bank accounts of five nonprofit organizations that provide financial and legal support to detained protesters. This follows rising public unrest as Georgia’s regime pushes new laws restricting free speech and assembly, introducing new fines and penalties, and expanding law enforcement powers. By eroding civil protections, the regime makes it more dangerous and costly for activists, dissenters, and everyday citizens to stand up against an increasingly repressive regime.\ \ Meanwhile, the Indian government introduced a new income tax bill that grants tax authorities sweeping surveillance power over anyone they “suspect” of tax evasion. If suspected, tax authorities are legally allowed to access Indians' email, social media, and bank accounts, raising obvious concerns over state overreach and invasions of individual financial privacy.\ \ In freedom tech news, HRF donated 1 billion satoshis to more than 20 projects worldwide, focusing on supporting human rights defenders and vulnerable communities under authoritarian regimes across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These gifts advance censorship-resistant communications and transactions, bitcoin education, and privacy tools so that dissidents, nonprofits, and individuals may better protect their human rights and financial freedom. In this letter we also spotlight a new open-source mobile Bitcoin wallet called Cove. While still in beta, the wallet can be used with a hardware device or on its own as a hot wallet, offering a flexible self-custody setup for managing Bitcoin. We end with a podcast in which HRF Chief Strategy Officer Alex Gladstein discusses the state of freedom tech and why Bitcoin stands as the most promising tool for financial liberation. **Now, let’s get right to it!** ### [**SUBSCRIBE HERE**](https://mailchi.mp/hrf.org/financial-freedom-newsletter?mc_cid=bf652c0a5a) ## **GLOBAL NEWS** #### **Georgia | Officials Freeze Accounts of Organizations Supporting Protesters** Georgian officials have [frozen](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/georgia-authorities-freeze-accounts-of-organizations-supporting-protesters-to-kill-the-peaceful-protests/) the bank accounts of five nonprofit organizations that provide financial and legal aid to dissenters. This comes in response to an uprising of protests over new controversial laws that restrict free expression and assembly, increase fines and detention periods, and expand law enforcement powers. Georgian officials justify the account freezes as part of an investigation into “sabotage,” yet they have provided no evidence. Amnesty International [warns](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/03/georgia-authorities-freeze-accounts-of-organizations-supporting-protesters-to-kill-the-peaceful-protests/) this financial assault could “kill the entire protest movement.” Bitcoin provides a way to circumvent these struggles. Its uncensorable and permissionless nature has helped [sustain](https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/how-to-dictator-proof-your-money/) pro-democracy movements across Belarus and Nigeria, proving it is capable of addressing the immense financial restrictions dictators impose. #### **United Arab Emirates | Plans to Launch “Digital Durham” CBDC in 2025** The United Arab Emirates (UAE) will [launch](https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/uae-to-launch-digital-dirham-by-year-end-to-modernise-payments-and-noost-financial-inclusion-470013-2025-03-31?utm_source=semafor#) its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the “[Digital Durham](https://cbdctracker.hrf.org/currency/united-arab-emirates),” by the end of 2025. [According](https://www.ledgerinsights.com/uae-to-launch-cbdc-in-q4-2025/) to the central bank, the CBDC will be available through licensed financial institutions and operate via a government-run digital wallet. Every transaction will be recorded on a permissioned blockchain run by the government. The central bank further [admitted](https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/strategies-plans-and-visions/finance-and-economy/central-bank-digital-currency-strategy) the CBDC will replace cash and [assist](https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/uae-to-launch-digital-dirham-by-year-end-to-modernise-payments-and-noost-financial-inclusion-470013-2025-03-31?utm_source=semafor#) law enforcement “by leaving a digital trail for transactions involving illicit funds.” Officials [claim](https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/uae-to-launch-digital-dirham-by-year-end-to-modernise-payments-and-noost-financial-inclusion-470013-2025-03-31?utm_source=semafor#) this is to combat financial crime, but it also enables real-time surveillance and tracking of individual financial activity. In a country known for strict laws against dissent and extensive surveillance capabilities, it is not hard to see how a CBDC will erode the autonomy and rights of activists, dissenters, and others who oppose an increasingly authoritarian regime. #### **India | Grants Tax Authorities Access to Citizens’ Online Data** Starting in April 2026, the Indian government will [grant](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/your-email-and-social-media-account-can-be-accessed-by-income-tax-officer-starting-next-financial-year-in-these-cases/articleshow/118685184.cms) tax authorities legal access to the private online data of any citizen “suspected” of tax evasion. This will include legal access to personal emails, social media, and bank accounts. The new law expands on the Income Tax Act of 1961, which previously limited officials to searching physical premises for financial documents. Now, officials can bypass digital security measures and access private data without consent — all under a legal framework. This dissipation of financial privacy sets an intrusive precedent and opens the door to state-level corruption and surveillance in a country where the Modi regime has already made it clear they are happy to use financial repression to further cement their power. #### **Myanmar | Bitcoin as a Tool Support Earthquake Disaster Relief** Last week, a [7.7 magnitude earthquake](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/28/world/asia/earthquake-myanmar-thailand-death-toll.html) struck central Burma, with strong tremors reaching neighboring Thailand. The [official death toll ](https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/survivors-myanmar-quake-left-without-food-water-shelter-aid-groups-say-2025-04-01/)has surpassed 2700. And in Bangkok, a 33-story building under construction [collapsed](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynrhyIh4ozo). Despite an already strenuous situation, Burma’s military junta continues its oppression. They are [blocking](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/31/world/asia/myanmar-earthquake-rescue.html) rescue teams from reaching the Sagaing region — the epicenter of the earthquake and the heart of Burma’s pro-democracy movement — and instead channeling aid to regime-controlled cities like Naypyidaw and Mandalay. The junta is also continuing to conduct air strikes on civilians and restricting equipment and fuel for aid groups, leaving a [million](https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/mmr) people in Sagaing to fend for themselves. In these repressive circumstances, Bitcoin can provide a censorship-resistant way to send funds directly to those affected. #### **Angola | Regime Jacks Price of Diesel** The Angolan regime [raised](https://www.rigzone.com/news/wire/angola_doubles_diesel_prices_after_imf_call_for_subsidy_cuts-25-mar-2025-180020-article/) diesel prices by 50% in the process of eliminating fuel subsidies. Diesel prices suddenly increased from 200 to 300 kwanza per liter, driving up transportation costs in a country where over half the population lives on [less](https://www.rigzone.com/news/wire/angola_doubles_diesel_prices_after_imf_call_for_subsidy_cuts-25-mar-2025-180020-article/) than $2 a day and inflation is over 42%. Previous fuel subsidy cuts in 2023 (where the price of diesel rose [80%](https://www.dw.com/en/angolan-police-crack-down-on-fuel-hike-protests/a-65978231)) sparked [protests](https://www.dw.com/en/angolan-police-crack-down-on-fuel-hike-protests/a-65978231) between taxi drivers, nonprofit workers, and law enforcement. This recent price increase now raises fears of renewed crackdowns. The Angolan regime also introduced new civil society laws that Guilherme Neves, chairman of the human rights organization Associacao Maos Livres, [describes](https://www.dw.com/en/angolan-police-crack-down-on-fuel-hike-protests/a-65978231) as a “license to erase non-governmental organizations that are not government-compliant.” Angolans find themselves in increasingly precarious financial positions as the government erodes the civil safeguards protecting nonprofits and dissenters. #### **Nicaragua | Ortega’s Dismantling of Press Freedom** Since coming to power in 2007, Ortega has [closed or seized](https://havanatimes.org/features/ortegas-war-on-journalism-in-nicaragua/) 61 media outlets, imprisoned countless journalists, and forced over 280 journalists into exile. His [assault on press freedom](https://havanatimes.org/features/ortegas-war-on-journalism-in-nicaragua/) has unfolded in two phases: initial raids on local radio stations and TV channels between 2007 and 2017, followed by full-scale censorship in 2018 on independent media outlets like [La Prensa](https://www.laprensani.com/) and [CONFIDENCIAL](https://confidencial.digital/). Ortega then intensified attacks from 2019 to 2021 by closing Nicaragua’s second-oldest newspaper and passing laws to [criminalize](https://havanatimes.org/features/ortegas-war-on-journalism-in-nicaragua/) free expression. This is a deliberate strategy to eliminate dissent and independent voices. What’s happening in Nicaragua highlights the importance of open and decentralized protocols like nostr, which allow journalists to publish freely without getting censored. While still early, it is becoming essential for sharing information absent the fear of being blocked or silenced by autocratic leaders. ## BITCOIN AND FREEDOM TECH NEWS #### **HRF | Gifts 1 Billion Satoshis to 20+ Open Source Projects Worldwide** HRF gifted 1 billion satoshis in its Q1 2025 round of [Bitcoin Development Fund](https://hrf.org/program/financial-freedom/bitcoin-development-fund/) (BDF) grants, supporting more than 20 open-source projects around the world. These projects advance Bitcoin education, open-source software, mining decentralization, and privacy tools for activists contending with authoritarian regimes across Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Supporting permissionless financial tools and censorship-resistant technologies empowers dissidents, journalists, and civil society to organize, transact, and communicate without state suppression and interference. Learn more about the grantees and their work [here](https://hrf.org/latest/hrf-bitcoin-development-fund-supports-20-projects-worldwide/). #### **Cove | New Open-Source and Permissionless Bitcoin Wallet** [Cove](https://github.com/bitcoinppl/cove) is a new open-source and permissionless mobile Bitcoin wallet that aims to put users in full control of their Bitcoin. Users can connect their own hardware wallet (to manage Bitcoin offline) or use Cove as a hot wallet (to manage Bitcoin online). It also allows users to create multiple wallets from the app itself. In the future, Cove plans to add Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) selection and coin control, giving users more independence over their transactions and the tools to better protect their financial privacy. While still in beta and only suitable for test funds, this wallet holds promise as a privacy tool to equip dissidents with self-custodied Bitcoin. You can try it [here](https://github.com/bitcoinppl/cove). #### **Second | New Ark Implementation Launches on Bitcoin Signet** [Second](https://second.tech/), a company building on Ark, a protocol designed to help scale Bitcoin’s transaction throughput, [launched](https://blog.second.tech/try-ark-on-signet/?ref=nobsbitcoin.com) “Bark.” Bark is a test implementation of the Ark protocol deployed on Bitcoin’s [Signet](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Signet) network (where developers test software). More broadly, the Ark protocol helps make Bitcoin transactions more private, faster, and cheaper, supporting the network in handling more transactions and users with the tradeoff of being less trusted than the mainchain, as funds stored in a noncustodial way on Ark can expire if not used. While it is still in early development, the test release of Bark marks a step toward deployment on the main Bitcoin network. Scaling solutions like Ark could be important for activists and individuals. They might ensure Bitcoin remains accessible to all, even as block space demand increases and network fees rise. Learn about it [here](https://blog.second.tech/try-ark-on-signet/?ref=nobsbitcoin.com). #### **Braiins | Open Sources Bitcoin Control Board** [Braiins](https://braiins.com/), a company building tools for Bitcoin mining, [open-sourced](https://x.com/BraiinsMining/status/1904601547855573458) its [BCB100](https://github.com/braiins/BCB100) Bitcoin Control Board, giving miners using their products greater insight and control over their Bitcoin mining hardware and firmware. Sharing the design files and firmware openly helps strengthen Bitcoin’s decentralization, making it more resilient against corporate or state interference. Specifically, open-sourcing mining hardware ensures individual miners can operate independently, reducing censorship risks across the entire network. In turn, this preserves financial freedom by keeping Bitcoin accessible and usable by dissidents, nonprofits, and individuals who need it most. #### **African Bitcoiners | Publish Bitcoin Starter Guide** [African Bitcoiners](https://x.com/afribitcoiners) just published “[Bitcoin: Africa’s Guide to Freedom Money](https://x.com/afribitcoiners/status/1904516726273851513),” a Bitcoin guide providing clear, practical insights into how Bitcoin can help people across the continent escape inflation, corrupt regimes, and failing financial systems. It covers essential topics to get started — from choosing a wallet to properly securing Bitcoin. In Africa, where some of the world’s longest-standing dictators restrict even basic financial activity, this guide is a powerful resource for human rights defenders, nonprofits, and everyday citizens. Read it[ here](https://bitcoiners.africa/bitcoin-africas-guide-to-freedom-money/). #### **OpenSats | 10th Wave of Nostr Grants** [OpenSats](https://opensats.org/), a nonprofit that supports open-source software development, [announced](https://opensats.org/blog/10th-wave-of-nostr-grants) its tenth wave of grants for projects in the nostr ecosystem. Nostr is a decentralized protocol that enables digital identity and communications outside the reach of authoritarian states. The grant round provides support to nostr Epoxy, which enhances access to nostr by circumventing censorship through a network of paid proxies. This ensures activists and dissidents can continue to communicate even in restrictive environments. Additionally, Zapstore received a grant for providing a permissionless app store built on nostr that enables developers to distribute software without corporate gatekeepers. This provides an open-source alternative to centralized app stores that often comply with government censorship and restrict dissidents’ access to freedom tools. ## RECOMMENDED CONTENT #### **Freedom Tech with Alex Gladstein** In this [episode](https://x.com/blockspacepod/status/1896229100702089589?s=46&t=yEPKerGEzeCp5j_mIaNJ8A) of The Gwart Show, Alex Gladstein, chief strategy officer at HRF, breaks down how and why Bitcoin serves as “money dictators can’t stop.” Drawing on more than 17 years of human rights work, he shares real-world examples of activists and citizens using Bitcoin to escape financial repression in authoritarian countries. Gladstein also explores privacy tools, cross-border payments, and why Bitcoin offers promising hope for financial freedom. Watch the full conversation [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ng961QZwI0). #### **The State of Personal Online Security and Confidentiality with Meredith Whittaker**   In this [keynote](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyH7zoP-JOg) for SXSW 2025, Signal CEO Meredith Whittaker shares her growing concerns around AI, personal data collection, and the erosion of privacy in today’s increasingly digital world. She emphasizes the need for more secure, uncensorable, and privacy-protecting technologies that shield users from surveillance and exploitation, especially in the context of authoritarian regimes. Watch the [full discussion](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyH7zoP-JOg) for a pragmatic view into the future of digital privacy and security. *If this article was forwarded to you and you enjoyed reading it, please consider subscribing to the Financial Freedom Report [here](https://mailchi.mp/hrf.org/financial-freedom-newsletter?mc_cid=bf652c0a5a).* *Support the newsletter by donating bitcoin to HRF’s Financial Freedom program [via BTCPay](https://hrf.org/btc).*\ *Want to contribute to the newsletter? Submit tips, stories, news, and ideas by emailing us at ffreport @ [hrf.org](http://hrf.org/)* *The Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) is accepting grant proposals on an ongoing basis. The Bitcoin Development Fund is looking to support Bitcoin developers, community builders, and educators. Submit proposals [here](https://forms.monday.com/forms/57019f8829449d9e729d9e3545a237ea?r=use1)*. [**Subscribe to newsletter**](http://financialfreedomreport.org/) [**Apply for a grant**](https://forms.monday.com/forms/57019f8829449d9e729d9e3545a237ea?r=use1&mc_cid=39c1c9b7e8&mc_eid=778e9876e3) [**Support our work**](https://hrf.org/btc?mc_cid=39c1c9b7e8&mc_eid=778e9876e3) [**Visit our website**](https://hrf.org/programs/financial-freedom/)

@ 1aa9ff07:3cb793b5

In an era where centralized platforms dominate the internet, concerns over censorship, privacy, and data ownership have led to the rise of decentralized alternatives. One such innovation is Nostr, a lightweight and resilient protocol designed to enable censorship-resistant and decentralized communication. In this article, we will explore what Nostr is, how it works, its advantages, and why it is gaining traction among privacy advocates and decentralized technology enthusiasts. ### **What is Nostr?** Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays) is an open protocol designed for creating censorship-resistant social networks and communication platforms. Unlike traditional social media networks, which rely on centralized servers controlled by corporations, Nostr operates on a decentralized model using cryptographic keys and relays. Nostr allows users to publish and receive messages without the need for a central authority. It is not tied to any single application but instead provides a foundation upon which developers can build various types of social and communication tools. ### **How Does Nostr Work?** Nostr consists of two main components: 1. **Clients** – Applications that users interact with, such as social media platforms, chat applications, or blogging tools. 2. **Relays** – Servers that distribute messages between clients without storing them permanently or acting as gatekeepers. When a user wants to send a message or publish content, their client signs the data using their private key and broadcasts it to multiple relays. Other users who subscribe to those relays can receive and interact with the messages. Nostr does not have a concept of user accounts managed by a central entity. Instead, identity is established using public and private cryptographic keys. The private key is used to sign messages, while the public key acts as the user’s identity across the network. ### **Advantages of Nostr** 1. **Censorship Resistance** – Since Nostr does not rely on a central authority, it is much harder for governments or corporations to censor content. Users can publish messages freely, and if one relay refuses to distribute them, they can simply use another. 2. **Privacy and Security** – Messages are signed using cryptographic keys, ensuring authenticity and reducing the risk of impersonation. Users retain full control over their identities and content. 3. **Interoperability** – Nostr is not tied to a single platform or application. Developers can create different types of services using the protocol, from microblogging platforms to encrypted messaging apps. 4. **Resilience** – Since the network relies on multiple relays instead of a single centralized server, it is less susceptible to shutdowns or attacks. ### **Use Cases for Nostr** - **Decentralized Social Media** – Platforms like Twitter alternatives can be built on Nostr, allowing users to post updates without fear of censorship. - **Private Messaging** – Secure and encrypted messaging applications can be developed using the protocol. - **Blogging and Content Publishing** – Writers and journalists can publish articles in a censorship-resistant manner. - **Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Communities** – Many Bitcoin enthusiasts are adopting Nostr due to its decentralized nature and alignment with privacy-focused principles. ### **Challenges and Limitations** While Nostr is a promising technology, it is still in its early stages and faces several challenges: - **Adoption and Network Effects** – Since Nostr is not as widely used as traditional social media platforms, building a strong user base is a challenge. - **Spam and Moderation** – Without central moderation, handling spam and malicious content is more difficult, requiring innovative solutions such as reputation-based filtering. - **User Experience** – Decentralized networks often have a steeper learning curve for new users compared to centralized platforms. ### **The Future of Nostr** Despite these challenges, Nostr is gaining momentum among privacy advocates, developers, and decentralized technology supporters. With continued development and improvements in usability, Nostr has the potential to reshape online communication by offering a truly decentralized and censorship-resistant platform. As more developers create applications and services using Nostr, its ecosystem is likely to expand, providing a viable alternative to traditional social media networks. Whether you are a developer, a privacy-conscious user, or someone interested in the future of decentralized internet, Nostr is a technology worth exploring. ### **Conclusion** Nostr represents a significant step toward a more open and decentralized internet. By removing central points of control and enabling user-driven communication, it empowers individuals to interact freely without the risk of censorship or data exploitation. As the protocol matures and more applications emerge, it could play a crucial role in shaping the next generation of online communication. If you are interested in experimenting with Nostr, you can start by exploring various Nostr-based applications, setting up your cryptographic keys, and connecting with the growing community of users and developers. The future of decentralized communication is just beginning, and Nostr is at the forefront of this movement. **Understanding Nostr: A Decentralized Social Network Protocol** In an era where centralized platforms dominate the internet, concerns over censorship, privacy, and data ownership have led to the rise of decentralized alternatives. One such innovation is Nostr, a lightweight and resilient protocol designed to enable censorship-resistant and decentralized communication. In this article, we will explore what Nostr is, how it works, its advantages, and why it is gaining traction among privacy advocates and decentralized technology enthusiasts. ### **What is Nostr?** Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays) is an open protocol designed for creating censorship-resistant social networks and communication platforms. Unlike traditional social media networks, which rely on centralized servers controlled by corporations, Nostr operates on a decentralized model using cryptographic keys and relays. Nostr allows users to publish and receive messages without the need for a central authority. It is not tied to any single application but instead provides a foundation upon which developers can build various types of social and communication tools. ### **How Does Nostr Work?** Nostr consists of two main components: 1. **Clients** – Applications that users interact with, such as social media platforms, chat applications, or blogging tools. 2. **Relays** – Servers that distribute messages between clients without storing them permanently or acting as gatekeepers. When a user wants to send a message or publish content, their client signs the data using their private key and broadcasts it to multiple relays. Other users who subscribe to those relays can receive and interact with the messages. Nostr does not have a concept of user accounts managed by a central entity. Instead, identity is established using public and private cryptographic keys. The private key is used to sign messages, while the public key acts as the user’s identity across the network. ### **Advantages of Nostr** 1. **Censorship Resistance** – Since Nostr does not rely on a central authority, it is much harder for governments or corporations to censor content. Users can publish messages freely, and if one relay refuses to distribute them, they can simply use another. 2. **Privacy and Security** – Messages are signed using cryptographic keys, ensuring authenticity and reducing the risk of impersonation. Users retain full control over their identities and content. 3. **Interoperability** – Nostr is not tied to a single platform or application. Developers can create different types of services using the protocol, from microblogging platforms to encrypted messaging apps. 4. **Resilience** – Since the network relies on multiple relays instead of a single centralized server, it is less susceptible to shutdowns or attacks. ### **Use Cases for Nostr** - **Decentralized Social Media** – Platforms like Twitter alternatives can be built on Nostr, allowing users to post updates without fear of censorship. - **Private Messaging** – Secure and encrypted messaging applications can be developed using the protocol. - **Blogging and Content Publishing** – Writers and journalists can publish articles in a censorship-resistant manner. - **Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Communities** – Many Bitcoin enthusiasts are adopting Nostr due to its decentralized nature and alignment with privacy-focused principles. ### **Challenges and Limitations** While Nostr is a promising technology, it is still in its early stages and faces several challenges: - **Adoption and Network Effects** – Since Nostr is not as widely used as traditional social media platforms, building a strong user base is a challenge. - **Spam and Moderation** – Without central moderation, handling spam and malicious content is more difficult, requiring innovative solutions such as reputation-based filtering. - **User Experience** – Decentralized networks often have a steeper learning curve for new users compared to centralized platforms. ### **The Future of Nostr** Despite these challenges, Nostr is gaining momentum among privacy advocates, developers, and decentralized technology supporters. With continued development and improvements in usability, Nostr has the potential to reshape online communication by offering a truly decentralized and censorship-resistant platform. As more developers create applications and services using Nostr, its ecosystem is likely to expand, providing a viable alternative to traditional social media networks. Whether you are a developer, a privacy-conscious user, or someone interested in the future of decentralized internet, Nostr is a technology worth exploring. ### **Conclusion** Nostr represents a significant step toward a more open and decentralized internet. By removing central points of control and enabling user-driven communication, it empowers individuals to interact freely without the risk of censorship or data exploitation. As the protocol matures and more applications emerge, it could play a crucial role in shaping the next generation of online communication. If you are interested in experimenting with Nostr, you can start by exploring various Nostr-based applications, setting up your cryptographic keys, and connecting with the growing community of users and developers. The future of decentralized communication is just beginning, and Nostr is at the forefront of this movement.

@ edeb837b:ac664163

When it comes to social trading, there are plenty of platforms that claim to offer innovative ways to connect with other traders, share strategies, and improve your market performance. But let's be real: most so-called "social trading" apps are either glorified brokerage platforms with limited community features or outdated, clunky systems that don’t offer real-time value. There’s really only *one* social trading app you need to consider—**NVSTly**. Here’s why. ## Why NVSTly Stands Above the Rest NVSTly isn’t just another trading app with a few social features slapped on. It’s **the ultimate [social trading platform](https://nvstly.com)**, purpose-built to empower traders by combining **real-time trade tracking, seamless social sharing, deep market insights, and a powerful trader community.** Unlike other platforms, NVSTly isn’t just about copying trades or following vague signals—it’s about **true transparency, collaboration, and learning** from top traders in an interactive environment. ## What is NVSTly? **NVSTly** is a **completely free** social trading platform that lets traders track, share, and analyze their trades in **real time**. Whether you're trading **stocks, options, or crypto**, NVSTly provides a **seamless multi-platform experience**—available via **web, iOS, Android, and even Discord.** It’s not just a social network—it’s a **trader’s command center** where every trade you make is part of a bigger, smarter ecosystem designed to help you grow. ## Key Features That Make NVSTly #1 ### 1. Real-Time Trade Sharing & Tracking NVSTly integrates with brokers like **Webull** (with more brokerages coming soon) to automatically track your trades and display them in **real-time**. No manual entry—just **instant trade updates** for you and your followers. ### 2. Unique POV Trade Charting See trades like never before. NVSTly’s proprietary **POV Chart** marks every trade action directly on the candlestick chart, giving you (and your followers) an **unparalleled view of trading strategies in action**. ### 3. Deep Trade Analytics & Trader Dashboards Get powerful insights into your performance, including: - **Win rate** - **Total gain/loss** - **Average return per trade** - **Long vs. short ratio** - **(Coming soon) Drawdown tracking** to measure risk exposure ### 4. Global Trades Feed & Leaderboard Want to see what the best traders are doing *right now*? The **[Global Trades Feed](https://nvstly.com/trades)** lets you watch live trades, while the **[Leaderboard](https://nvstly.com/trades)** ranks top traders based on performance metrics, making it easy to find successful strategies. ### 5. Fully Integrated with Discord & Telegram No other platform makes social trading as seamless as NVSTly. The **[NVSTly Discord bot](https://nvstly.com/go/bot)** allows users to: - **Check a trader’s latest stats** - **View real-time trade recaps** - **Fetch charts and ticker data** - **Receive automated trade notifications** Telegram users won’t be left out either—NVSTly is working on bringing the same functionality to **Telegram** for even broader access. ### 6. Automated Social Media Sharing Set your trades to **automatically share** to **Twitter/X, Discord, and soon, Telegram**. Whether you’re growing your personal brand or running a trading community, NVSTly makes sure your trades get noticed. ### 7. Future AI & Machine Learning Enhancements NVSTly is building **AI-powered trade insights and strategy generation**, allowing traders to: - **Get automated trading tips** tailored to their strategies - **Use customizable AI models** to refine their trading approach - **Interact with a smart AI trading assistant** via the app and Discord bot ## Why NVSTly is the Only Social Trading App You Need While others might pretend to offer social trading, **NVSTly actually delivers**. It’s not a gimmick or a half-baked feature—it’s a complete **trading ecosystem built for real traders** who want **real-time data, powerful analytics, and a truly social experience.** With NVSTly, you're not just following traders—you’re **engaging with them, learning from them, and improving your own strategies** in the most **transparent and interactive** way possible. So don’t waste time on inferior platforms. **NVSTly is the only social trading app that matters.** ## Ready to Take Your Trading to the Next Level? Join **50,000+ traders** who are already using NVSTly to **track, share, and dominate the markets.** 📲 **Download NVSTly today on [Web](https://nvstly.com), [iOS](https://nvstly.com/go/ios), or [Android](https://nvstly.com/go/android)!** 🚀 **[Join our Discord community](https://nvstly.com/go/discord)** and bring the power of NVSTly straight into your server!

@ 77c2969e:a33cfa50

最近又开始折腾 Technitium DNS Server，发现[之前记录的过程]( https://wp.235421.xyz/2024/10/03/use-technitium-and-set-ipv6-dns/)不太完善，于是更新一下。 #### 安装acme.sh ``` curl https://get.acme.sh | sh -s email=youreMailAddress ``` #### 导入环境变量 ``` export CF_Token="填API token" export CF_Zone_ID="填区域ID" export CF_Account_ID="填账户ID" ``` - Cloudflare 的 API Token 是在 Cloudflare 网页右上角的👤头像--配置文件--API 令牌处创建 - 在 Cloudflare 主页点击你需要使用的域名，下滑到右下角可以看到区域 ID 和账户 ID ### 申请证书 ``` acme.sh --issue --dns dns_cf -d dns.235421.xyz ``` - `-d` 后面是你想使用的域名 #### 安装证书 ``` acme.sh --install-cert -d dns.235421.xyz \ --key-file /root/certs/key.pem \ --fullchain-file /root/certs/cert.pem \ --reloadcmd "cd /root/certs && openssl pkcs12 -export -out 'dns.pfx' -inkey 'key.pem' -in 'cert.pem' -password pass:1021" ``` - `reloadcmd`是在申请证书之后执行的代码，以后自动更新时也会自动执行这个代码，所以第一次配置好就基本上不用管了。 - `reloadcmd` 中的代码是将 `pem` 格式的证书和密钥转换成一个 `pfx` 格式的证书文件，`-out` 后面是输出的 `pfx` 证书文件名， `-inkey` 和 `-in` 分别是前一步 `acme.sh` 申请的密钥和证书文件。这里必须添加密码，也就是 `1021` 这个，如果不设密码执行命令的话，它会让你交互式输入，但是在自动脚本中就不行。我在前面加了先 `cd` 到证书目录，避免出现问题。 #### 安装 Technitium DNS Server 1. 在[Technitium DNS Server 官网]( https://technitium.com/dns/) 获取安装脚本，也有提供 Docker 镜像以及 Windows 版本。  2. 安装后在 `公网IP:5380` 进入管理界面，首次进入需设置管理员密码，管理员账户默认是 `admin`。 3. 在 `Settings` – `optional protocols` 处开启 DNS over HTTPS ，`TLS Certificate File Path` 处填入转换好的 `pfx` 证书路径，`TLS Certificate Password` 处填你设定的密码，就是我的 `1021` 。   4. 现在打开你的域名，看到如图这样就说明设定成功了，然后在需要设置 DoH 的地方填入 ` https://yourdomain.com/dns-query`即可。  ---- 我在[之前的文章]( https://wp.235421.xyz/2024/10/03/use-technitium-and-set-ipv6-dns/)中使用的是 `DNS over HTTP` 并用 Nginx 反代来实现 `DNS over HTTPS` 的，现在直接用 DoH ，省去了配置 Nginx 的部分，只是多了一步证书格式转换，总体上更简单了。 ---- #### 我的设置 - 在`Settings` – `Recursion` 处打开 `Allow Recursion` 以允许递归解析。 - 在`Settings` – `Cache` 处将 `Cache Maximum Entries` 调大些，默认 10000 有点少了。 - 在`Settings` – `General` 处开启 `EDNS Client Subnet (ECS)` 。 - 在`Settings` – `Logging` 处开启 `Use Local Time`。 - 在`Apps` – `App Store` 中安装 `Query Logs (Sqlite)` 以便在 `Logs` – `Query Logs` 处查看 DNS 查询日志。 ##### 以下设置可选 - 在`Settings` – `General` 处开启 `Prefer IPv6` - 在`Settings` – `Web Service` 处为后台管理页面开启 HTTPS，可使用与 DoH 相同的域名和证书，仅端口不同，这个默认 HTTPS 端口是 `53443`。 - 在`Settings` – `Blocking` 处开启拦截功能（默认开启），下面 `Allow / Block List URLs` 可以配置规则，与 AdGuard Home 规则通用，白名单规则须在链接前加上英文叹号 `!`。也可以是本地规则，填路径即可。 - 在`Settings` – `Proxy & Forwarders` 处可以设置上游DNS `Forwarders` 。

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

**Spanien bleibt einer der Vorreiter im europäischen Prozess der totalen Überwachung** per Digitalisierung. Seit Mittwoch ist dort der digitale Personalausweis verfügbar. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Regierungs-[App](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=es.gob.interior.policia.midni), die auf dem Smartphone installiert werden muss und in den Stores von Google und Apple zu finden ist. Per Dekret von Regierungschef Pedro Sánchez und Zustimmung des Ministerrats ist diese Maßnahme jetzt [in Kraft](https://archive.is/89H4i) getreten. **Mit den üblichen Argumenten der Vereinfachung,** des Komforts, der Effizienz und der Sicherheit preist das Innenministerium die «Innovation» an. Auch die Beteuerung, dass die digitale Variante parallel zum physischen Ausweis existieren wird und diesen nicht ersetzen soll, fehlt nicht. Während der ersten zwölf Monate wird «der Neue» noch nicht für alle Anwendungsfälle gültig sein, ab 2026 aber schon. **Dass die ganze Sache auch «Risiken und Nebenwirkungen» haben könnte,** wird in den Mainstream-Medien eher selten thematisiert. Bestenfalls wird der Aspekt der Datensicherheit angesprochen, allerdings in der Regel direkt mit dem Regierungsvokabular von den «maximalen Sicherheitsgarantien» abgehandelt. Dennoch gibt es einige weitere Aspekte, die Bürger mit etwas Sinn für Privatsphäre bedenken sollten. **Um sich die digitale Version des nationalen Ausweises besorgen zu können** (eine App mit dem Namen MiDNI), muss man sich vorab online [registrieren](https://www.midni.gob.es). Dabei wird die Identität des Bürgers mit seiner mobilen Telefonnummer verknüpft. Diese obligatorische fixe Verdrahtung kennen wir von diversen anderen Apps und Diensten. Gleichzeitig ist das die Basis für eine perfekte Lokalisierbarkeit der Person. **Für jeden Vorgang der Identifikation in der Praxis wird später** «eine Verbindung zu den Servern der Bundespolizei aufgebaut». Die Daten des Individuums werden «in Echtzeit» verifiziert und im Erfolgsfall von der Polizei signiert zurückgegeben. Das Ergebnis ist ein QR-Code mit zeitlich begrenzter Gültigkeit, der an Dritte weitergegeben werden kann. **Bei derartigen Szenarien sträuben sich einem halbwegs kritischen Staatsbürger die Nackenhaare.** Allein diese minimale Funktionsbeschreibung lässt die totale Überwachung erkennen, die damit ermöglicht wird. Jede Benutzung des Ausweises wird künftig registriert, hinterlässt also Spuren. Und was ist, wenn die Server der Polizei einmal kein grünes Licht geben? Das wäre spätestens dann ein Problem, wenn der digitale doch irgendwann der einzig gültige Ausweis ist: Dann haben wir den abschaltbaren Bürger. **Dieser neue Vorstoß der Regierung von Pedro Sánchez ist ein weiterer Schritt** in Richtung der [«totalen Digitalisierung»](https://archive.is/Gwc4B) des Landes, wie diese Politik in manchen Medien – nicht einmal kritisch, sondern sehr naiv – genannt wird. Ebenso verharmlosend wird auch erwähnt, dass sich das spanische Projekt des digitalen Ausweises nahtlos in die Initiativen der EU zu einer digitalen Identität für alle Bürger sowie des digitalen Euro einreiht. **In Zukunft könnte der neue Ausweis** «auch in andere staatliche und private digitale Plattformen integriert werden», wie das Medienportal *Cope* ganz richtig bemerkt. Das ist die Perspektive. *\[Titelbild:* *[Pixabay](https://pixabay.com/de/photos/liebe-love-herz-rose-bindung-3141742/)]* *Dazu passend:* [Nur Abschied vom Alleinfahren? Monströse spanische Überwachungsprojekte gemäß EU-Norm](https://pareto.space/a/naddr1qqxnzde5xg6r2wphxscryvpjqgs2jhrzgwzvvzgz42kfmef2kr7w8x573k4r62c5ydjh8gyn6dz4ytqrqsqqqa28fq5d4m) *** Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem [Pareto-Client](https://pareto.space/read) geschrieben und ist zuerst auf ***[Transition News](https://transition-news.org/spanien-erneut-europaisches-versuchslabor-der-digitale-ausweis-ist-da)*** erschienen.

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

Nostr is a decentralized, censorship-resistant social media protocol designed to give users control over online interactions without relying on central authorities. While its architecture offers notable advantages, it also introduces challenges, particularly concerning user anonymity, content moderation, and the dynamics of user influence.​ Anonymity and the Risk of Bullying Nostr's design allows users to create identities without traditional verification methods like email addresses or phone numbers. Instead, users generate a cryptographic key pair: a public key serving as their identifier and a private key for signing messages. This approach enhances privacy but can lead to the "online disinhibition effect," where individuals feel less accountable for their actions due to perceived anonymity. This phenomenon has been linked to increased instances of cyberbullying, as users may engage in behavior online that they would avoid in face-to-face interactions. ​ Influence Disparities Among Users In decentralized networks like Nostr, users with larger followings can have a more extensive reach, amplifying their messages across the network. This can create disparities where individuals with thousands of followers wield more influence than those with fewer connections. While this dynamic is not unique to Nostr, the protocol's structure may exacerbate the visibility gap between highly followed users and those with a smaller audience.​ Content Moderation and the Challenge of Deletion Due to Nostr's decentralized nature, content moderation and deletion present significant challenges. Removing content to multiple relays becomes complex once a user posts content to multiple relays, as each relay operates independently. Unlike centralized platforms where a post can be deleted universally, Nostr's architecture means that deleting a post from one relay doesn't ensure its removal from others. This persistence underscores the importance of thoughtful posting, as content may remain accessible indefinitely. ​ Mitigation Strategies and User Empowerment Despite these challenges, Nostr offers mechanisms to empower users to manage their experience. Clients can implement features allowing users to mute or block others, tailoring their interactions and content exposure. Additionally, some clients support user-led moderation, enabling individuals to label content as offensive or inappropriate, contributing to a community-driven approach to content management. ​ In summary, while Nostr's decentralized and anonymous framework promotes freedom and resistance to censorship, it also necessitates a proactive approach from users to navigate challenges related to anonymity, influence disparities, and content permanence. As the platform evolves, ongoing development and community engagement will be crucial in addressing these issues to foster a safe and equitable environment for all participants.

@ 5cf42f9d:4465eebf

@ ef53426a:7e988851

# Bartering and early money \ Early societies bartered goods, but transactions were often complicated. The value of goods doesn’t always align. Enter money. It’s used as an indirect exchange for any goods, so everyone wants it. Early money wasn’t anything like what we use today. For example, the inhabitants of Yap Island (Micronesia) used large Rai stones for trade. New stones were dragged up a hill for everyone to see. The owner would then exchange part of the stone for goods and services. As they were hard to quarry and move, Rai stones retained their value (salability). Then, an Irish-American captain started importing stones using modern technology. Soon enough, they became so common, they no longer worked as money. --- # Gold — the basis for sound money \ Smelting made it possible to create highly salable and transportable coins. Gold was best because it’s virtually impossible to destroy and can’t be synthesized using other materials. It has a fairly limited supply, which grows slowly and predictably (due to the difficulty of mining). Technologies like the telegraph and trains made it easier for both people and goods to get from point A to point B. That, in turn, justified forms of payment like checks, paper receipts, and bills. But paper is not worth much unless it’s backed by something. Governments worldwide issued paper money backed by precious metals, which they stored in vaults. By 1900, around 50 countries had adopted the Gold Standard. This was sound money. --- # Currencies devalued \ Roman emperor Julius Caesar issued the Aureus, an empire-standard coin containing 8 grams of gold. But as growth began to slow, rulers started ‘coin clipping’, reducing the quantity of precious metal in coins. This eventually triggered a series of economic crises that led to the downfall of the Roman Empire. The gold standard had one major flaw: it had to be stored in bank vaults. This created a highly centralized system in which governments controlled the value of paper money. If they wanted to, they could always increase the supply of money without increasing the corresponding amount of gold. In 1914, nearly every major European power decided to do this to fund their war operations. Rather than raising taxes, they simply printed new money with no extra gold. The standard had been abandoned. --- # Government-backed money \ Governments chose to introduce fiat money – currency backed by decree rather than gold. The adoption of the fiat system led to an age of unsound money shaped by ever-greater intervention in the economy as governments scrambled to stabilize their currencies. By 1944, the end of the Second World War was in sight, and the victors began planning the postwar economic order. The world’s currencies would be tied to the US dollar at a fixed exchange rate. The dollar would in turn be tied to the value of gold, again at a fixed rate. The United States bent the rules and inflated its own currency compared to gold. Other nations inflated their currencies compared to the dollar. On August 15, 1971, President Nixon announced that dollars would no longer be convertible to gold. --- # Sound money = functioning economy \ Sound money encourages people to save and invest, enabling sustainable, long-term growth. Why? Well, humans have a natural positive time preference: we prefer instant gratification over future gratification. Sound money prompts us to think more about the future. The more capital accumulation there is, the greater the chance of stable, long-term economic growth. Unsound money distorts capital accumulation. When governments interfere with the money supply, they also interfere with prices. And prices give investors the information they need to make good decisions without having to learn every tiny detail about global events. --- # Recessions and debt arise from unsound money \ Government interference takes the form of central planning. No single person, agency, or department ever has access to all the information necessary to understand the vast and complex economy. Interventions distort markets, creating boom and bust cycles. According to Keynes and his followers, the best way to respond to recessions is to increase spending. You could lower taxes, but people don’t usually spend their extra money. Raising taxes is unpopular, so governments invariably decide to increase the money supply. Saving becomes less attractive, creating a culture of unwise spending and growing debt. We need to return to sound money and a new gold standard. Enter bitcoin. --- # Bitcoin is scarce \ Bitcoin has similar traits to gold. Its supply is literally fixed. Once there are 21 million bitcoins in circulation, no more will be issued. The supply grows at a diminishing rate. Computers across the Bitcoin network pool their processing power to solve complex algorithmic problems. Once these puzzles have been cracked, the “miners” receive bitcoins as a reward. Satoshi Nakamoto designed the system to avoid gold rushes. The algorithmic problems become more difficult to solve as the number of computers working on them rises, guaranteeing a steady and reliable supply. Also, the number of bitcoins issued is halved every four years, resulting in ever-smaller releases until 2140, after which no more coins will be released. That makes bitcoin unique. It is the only good that is defined by absolute scarcity. No amount of time or resources can create more bitcoins than the programmed supply allows. The supply cannot be manipulated, making it a perfect store of value. --- # Bitcoin is secure \ The bitcoin ledger uses the public blockchain. When mining computers crack an algorithmic puzzle, they create a block. The blocks on the ledger contain details about every blockchain transaction ever completed. Every network user can view this information. Ownership of bitcoins is only valid once it’s been registered on the blockchain. This is only possible if the majority of network users approve it, so there’s no need for a central authority to oversee transactions. While verifying new blocks requires virtually no energy, creating a fraudulent block would cost a significant amount of processing power. Even if a user decided to expend vast amounts of energy and successfully hacked a majority of all network nodes to approve a fraudulent block, they’d gain very little. Trust in bitcoin would be lost, leading to a drop in demand and value. --- # Challenges for adoption \ Because bitcoin is new, demand has varied. The volatile price has, at times, undermined the currency’s status as an effective store of value. Bitcoin’s transaction limit is currently set at 500,000 per day. That could be increased, but there will always be a daily cap. The more transactions that take place, the more nodes there’ll need to be. This increases transaction fees and the amount of processing power expended. Bitcoin could be traded off the blockchain, meaning currencies will be backed by bitcoin. That would create a new standard, but it would also mean that new centralized institutions would need to manage this system. ---  This 5-minute summary did not use copyrighted material from the book. It aims simply to give readers a quick understanding of the book (which is well worth reading). ‘*The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking’* was written by economist Saifedean Ammous in 2018. Buy the book and many more titles at [bitcoinbook.shop](bitcoinbook.shop)

@ b9f4c34d:7d1a0e31

<p> ConfirmingDocumentPaid </p>

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Trogir is a UNESCO-listed coastal town just 30 minutes from Split, known for its well-preserved medieval architecture, charming waterfront, and rich history. Often called "The Little Venice of Dalmatia," Trogir is built on a small island connected to the mainland and Čiovo Island by bridges. Its cobblestone streets, Renaissance palaces, and lively cafés** make it a perfect stop for history lovers and travelers seeking authentic Dalmatian charm.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Trogir** ### **1️⃣ Explore Trogir Old Town (UNESCO) 🏡** - Wander through the **labyrinth of narrow streets**, filled with **hidden courtyards and stone houses**. - Admire **Venetian-style palaces, Romanesque churches, and medieval city walls**. - Visit **St. Lawrence Cathedral**, featuring the **famous Radovan Portal**, a **masterpiece of medieval stone carving**. ### **2️⃣ Climb the Bell Tower of St. Lawrence ⛪** - Offers **stunning panoramic views** over Trogir and the Adriatic. - A bit of a **steep climb**, but **totally worth it** for the breathtaking scenery! ### **3️⃣ Visit Kamerlengo Fortress 🏰** - A **15th-century Venetian fortress** with **amazing sea views** from the top. - In summer, it hosts **concerts and cultural events**. ### **4️⃣ Stroll Along the Trogir Riva Promenade 🌊** - A lively waterfront filled with **cafés, restaurants, and luxury yachts**. - Perfect for a **relaxing evening walk** while watching the sunset.  ### **5️⃣ Relax on the Best Beaches Near Trogir 🏖️** - **Okrug Gornji Beach (Copacabana Beach)** – A long, lively beach with bars & water activities. - **Pantan Beach** – A quieter spot with **clear waters and pine tree shade**. - **Kava Beach (Čiovo Island)** – A more **secluded and natural** beach, ideal for relaxation. ### **6️⃣ Take a Boat Trip to the Blue Lagoon 🛥️** - A **stunning turquoise bay**, perfect for **swimming and snorkeling**. - Just **a short boat ride from Trogir**. ### **7️⃣ Try Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Grilled fresh fish & seafood** – Trogir’s specialty! 🐟 - **Pašticada** – Slow-cooked beef in a rich red wine sauce, served with gnocchi. - **Homemade Dalmatian prosciutto & cheese** – Best paired with local **Plavac Mali wine**.  ## **🚗 How to Get to Trogir** ✈️ **By Air:** - **Split Airport (SPU)** is just **10 minutes away**! 🚕 🚘 **By Car:** - **From Split:** ~30 minutes (27 km) - **From Zadar:** ~1.5 hours (130 km) 🚌 **By Bus:** Frequent buses run between **Split and Trogir**. ⛵ **By Boat:** A **seasonal boat line** connects Trogir with Split and nearby islands.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Trogir** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **April–October** for sunny weather & fewer crowds ☀️ ✅ **Stay for sunset** – The views from the Riva & Kamerlengo Fortress are magical 🌅 ✅ **Wear comfy shoes** – The old town’s stone streets can be slippery 👟 ✅ **Book Blue Lagoon trips in advance** – It’s a popular excursion 🚤 ✅ **Try a wine tasting** at a local konoba (traditional tavern) 🍷 

@ 17538dc2:71ed77c4

The MacOS security update summary is a reminder that laptops and desktops are incredibly compromised. ### macOS Sequoia 15.4 Released March 31, 2025 Accessibility Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A logging issue was addressed with improved data redaction. CVE-2025-24202: Zhongcheng Li from IES Red Team of ByteDance AccountPolicy Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to gain root privileges Description: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-24234: an anonymous researcher AirDrop Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to read arbitrary file metadata Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24097: Ron Masas of BREAKPOINT.SH App Store Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-24276: an anonymous researcher AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24272: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. CVE-2025-24239: Wojciech Regula of SecuRing (wojciechregula.blog) AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to read or write to protected files Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24233: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos. AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: A privacy issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-30443: Bohdan Stasiuk (@bohdan_stasiuk) Audio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted font may result in the disclosure of process memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24244: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Audio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to arbitrary code execution Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24243: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Authentication Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Password autofill may fill in passwords after failing authentication Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-30430: Dominik Rath Authentication Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious website may be able to claim WebAuthn credentials from another website that shares a registrable suffix Description: The issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24180: Martin Kreichgauer of Google Chrome Authentication Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access a user's saved passwords Description: This issue was addressed by adding a delay between verification code attempts. CVE-2025-24245: Ian Mckay (@iann0036) Automator Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: A permissions issue was addressed by removing vulnerable code and adding additional checks. CVE-2025-30460: an anonymous researcher BiometricKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-24237: Yutong Xiu Calendar Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: A path handling issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-30429: Denis Tokarev (@illusionofcha0s) Calendar Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: This issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24212: Denis Tokarev (@illusionofcha0s) CloudKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24215: Kirin (@Pwnrin) CoreAudio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24163: Google Threat Analysis Group CoreAudio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Playing a malicious audio file may lead to an unexpected app termination Description: An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24230: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative CoreMedia Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted video file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory Description: This issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24211: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative CoreMedia Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24236: Csaba Fitzl (@theevilbit) and Nolan Astrein of Kandji CoreMedia Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted video file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24190: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative CoreMedia Playback Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: A path handling issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-30454: pattern-f (@pattern_F_) CoreServices Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-31191: Jonathan Bar Or (@yo_yo_yo_jbo) of Microsoft, and an anonymous researcher Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data CoreText Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted font may result in the disclosure of process memory Description: An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24182: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Crash Reporter Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. CVE-2025-24277: Csaba Fitzl (@theevilbit) of Kandji and Gergely Kalman (@gergely_kalman), and an anonymous researcher curl Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An input validation issue was addressed Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2024-9681 Disk Images Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: A file access issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24255: an anonymous researcher DiskArbitration Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. CVE-2025-30456: Gergely Kalman (@gergely_kalman) DiskArbitration Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24267: an anonymous researcher Dock Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30455: Mickey Jin (@patch1t), and an anonymous researcher Dock Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-31187: Rodolphe BRUNETTI (@eisw0lf) of Lupus Nova dyld Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Apps that appear to use App Sandbox may be able to launch without restrictions Description: A library injection issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30462: Pietro Francesco Tirenna, Davide Silvetti, Abdel Adim Oisfi of Shielder (shielder.com) FaceTime Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved redaction of sensitive information. CVE-2025-30451: Kirin (@Pwnrin) and luckyu (@uuulucky) FeedbackLogger Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved data protection. CVE-2025-24281: Rodolphe BRUNETTI (@eisw0lf) Focus Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker with physical access to a locked device may be able to view sensitive user information Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30439: Andr.Ess Focus Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A logging issue was addressed with improved data redaction. CVE-2025-24283: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Foundation Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions on the system pasteboards. CVE-2025-30461: an anonymous researcher Foundation Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: The issue was resolved by sanitizing logging CVE-2025-30447: LFY@secsys from Fudan University Foundation Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service Description: An uncontrolled format string issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24199: Manuel Fernandez (Stackhopper Security) GPU Drivers Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory Description: An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-30464: ABC Research s.r.o. CVE-2025-24273: Wang Yu of Cyberserval GPU Drivers Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to disclose kernel memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. CVE-2025-24256: Anonymous working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative, Murray Mike Handoff Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: The issue was addressed with improved restriction of data container access. CVE-2025-30463: mzzzz__ ImageIO Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Parsing an image may lead to disclosure of user information Description: A logic error was addressed with improved error handling. CVE-2025-24210: Anonymous working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Installer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to check the existence of an arbitrary path on the file system Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24249: YingQi Shi(@Mas0nShi) of DBAppSecurity's WeBin lab and Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) Installer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A sandboxed app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24229: an anonymous researcher IOGPUFamily Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory Description: An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24257: Wang Yu of Cyberserval IOMobileFrameBuffer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to corrupt coprocessor memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. CVE-2025-30437: Ye Zhang (@VAR10CK) of Baidu Security Kerberos Helper Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected app termination or heap corruption Description: A memory initialization issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24235: Dave G. Kernel Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24204: Koh M. Nakagawa (@tsunek0h) of FFRI Security, Inc. Kernel Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24203: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero Kernel Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker with user privileges may be able to read kernel memory Description: A type confusion issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24196: Joseph Ravichandran (@0xjprx) of MIT CSAIL LaunchServices Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious JAR file may bypass Gatekeeper checks Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of executable types. CVE-2025-24148: Kenneth Chew libarchive Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An input validation issue was addressed Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2024-48958 Libinfo Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A user may be able to elevate privileges Description: An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24195: Paweł Płatek (Trail of Bits) libnetcore Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may result in the disclosure of process memory Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24194: an anonymous researcher libxml2 Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2025-27113 CVE-2024-56171 libxpc Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-24178: an anonymous researcher libxpc Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to delete files for which it does not have permission Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. CVE-2025-31182: Alex Radocea and Dave G. of Supernetworks, 风沐云烟(@binary_fmyy) and Minghao Lin(@Y1nKoc) libxpc Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain elevated privileges Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24238: an anonymous researcher Mail Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: "Block All Remote Content" may not apply for all mail previews Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24172: an anonymous researcher manpages Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-30450: Pwn2car Maps Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to read sensitive location information Description: A path handling issue was addressed with improved logic. CVE-2025-30470: LFY@secsys from Fudan University NetworkExtension Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to enumerate a user's installed apps Description: This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. CVE-2025-30426: Jimmy Notes Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A sandboxed app may be able to access sensitive user data in system logs Description: A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries. CVE-2025-24262: LFY@secsys from Fudan University NSDocument Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access arbitrary files Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-24232: an anonymous researcher OpenSSH Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: An injection issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-24246: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) PackageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24261: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) PackageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24164: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) PackageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app with root privileges may be able to modify the contents of system files Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30446: Pedro Tôrres (@t0rr3sp3dr0) Parental Controls Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to retrieve Safari bookmarks without an entitlement check Description: This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. CVE-2025-24259: Noah Gregory (wts.dev) Photos Storage Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Deleting a conversation in Messages may expose user contact information in system logging Description: A logging issue was addressed with improved data redaction. CVE-2025-30424: an anonymous researcher Power Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. CVE-2025-24173: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Python Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A remote attacker may be able to bypass sender policy checks and deliver malicious content via email Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2023-27043 RPAC Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved validation of environment variables. CVE-2025-24191: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Visiting a malicious website may lead to user interface spoofing Description: The issue was addressed with improved UI. CVE-2025-24113: @RenwaX23 Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30467: @RenwaX23 Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A website may be able to access sensor information without user consent Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-31192: Jaydev Ahire Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A download's origin may be incorrectly associated Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-24167: Syarif Muhammad Sajjad Sandbox Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access removable volumes without user consent Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24093: Yiğit Can YILMAZ (@yilmazcanyigit) Sandbox Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An input validation issue was addressed Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30452: an anonymous researcher Sandbox Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24181: Arsenii Kostromin (0x3c3e) SceneKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to read files outside of its sandbox Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30458: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Security Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A remote user may be able to cause a denial-of-service Description: A validation issue was addressed with improved logic. CVE-2025-30471: Bing Shi, Wenchao Li, Xiaolong Bai of Alibaba Group, Luyi Xing of Indiana University Bloomington Security Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app acting as a HTTPS proxy could get access to sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved access restrictions. CVE-2025-24250: Wojciech Regula of SecuRing (wojciechregula.blog) Share Sheet Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to dismiss the system notification on the Lock Screen that a recording was started Description: This issue was addressed with improved access restrictions. CVE-2025-30438: Halle Winkler, Politepix theoffcuts.org Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A shortcut may be able to access files that are normally inaccessible to the Shortcuts app Description: A permissions issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-30465: an anonymous researcher Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24280: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A Shortcut may run with admin privileges without authentication Description: An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2025-31194: Dolf Hoegaerts Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A shortcut may be able to access files that are normally inaccessible to the Shortcuts app Description: This issue was addressed with improved access restrictions. CVE-2025-30433: Andrew James Gonzalez Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: The issue was addressed with improved restriction of data container access. CVE-2025-31183: Kirin (@Pwnrin), Bohdan Stasiuk (@bohdan_stasiuk) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A sandboxed app may be able to access sensitive user data in system logs Description: This issue was addressed with improved redaction of sensitive information. CVE-2025-30435: K宝 (@Pwnrin) and luckyu (@uuulucky) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved redaction of sensitive information. CVE-2025-24217: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A privacy issue was addressed by not logging contents of text fields. CVE-2025-24214: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to enumerate devices that have signed into the user's Apple Account Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24248: Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) and Tong Liu@Lyutoon_ and 风(binary_fmyy) and F00L Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2025-24205: YingQi Shi(@Mas0nShi) of DBAppSecurity's WeBin lab and Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker with physical access may be able to use Siri to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed by restricting options offered on a locked device. CVE-2025-24198: Richard Hyunho Im (@richeeta) with routezero.security SMB Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24269: Alex Radocea of Supernetworks SMB Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Mounting a maliciously crafted SMB network share may lead to system termination Description: A race condition was addressed with improved locking. CVE-2025-30444: Dave G. SMB Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24228: Joseph Ravichandran (@0xjprx) of MIT CSAIL smbx Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker in a privileged position may be able to perform a denial-of-service Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24260: zbleet of QI-ANXIN TianGong Team Software Update Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: A library injection issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24282: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos Software Update Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A user may be able to elevate privileges Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-24254: Arsenii Kostromin (0x3c3e) Software Update Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24231: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos StickerKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to observe unprotected user data Description: A privacy issue was addressed by moving sensitive data to a protected location. CVE-2025-24263: Cristian Dinca of "Tudor Vianu" National High School of Computer Science, Romania Storage Management Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to enable iCloud storage features without user consent Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24207: YingQi Shi (@Mas0nShi) of DBAppSecurity's WeBin lab, 风沐云烟 (binary_fmyy) and Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30449: Arsenii Kostromin (0x3c3e), and an anonymous researcher StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. CVE-2025-24253: Mickey Jin (@patch1t), Csaba Fitzl (@theevilbit) of Kandji StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: A race condition was addressed with additional validation. CVE-2025-24240: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to bypass Privacy preferences Description: A race condition was addressed with additional validation. CVE-2025-31188: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Summarization Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access information about a user's contacts Description: A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries. CVE-2025-24218: Kirin and FlowerCode, Bohdan Stasiuk (@bohdan_stasiuk) System Settings Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-24278: Zhongquan Li (@Guluisacat) System Settings Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app with root privileges may be able to access private information Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. CVE-2025-24242: Koh M. Nakagawa (@tsunek0h) of FFRI Security, Inc. SystemMigration Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to create symlinks to protected regions of the disk Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-30457: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Voice Control Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access contacts Description: This issue was addressed with improved file handling. CVE-2025-24279: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Web Extensions Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may gain unauthorized access to Local Network Description: This issue was addressed with improved permissions checking. CVE-2025-31184: Alexander Heinrich (@Sn0wfreeze), SEEMOO, TU Darmstadt & Mathy Vanhoef (@vanhoefm) and Jeroen Robben (@RobbenJeroen), DistriNet, KU Leuven Web Extensions Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Visiting a website may leak sensitive data Description: A script imports issue was addressed with improved isolation. CVE-2025-24192: Vsevolod Kokorin (Slonser) of Solidlab WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. WebKit Bugzilla: 285892 CVE-2025-24264: Gary Kwong, and an anonymous researcher WebKit Bugzilla: 284055 CVE-2025-24216: Paul Bakker of ParagonERP WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A type confusion issue could lead to memory corruption Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of floats. WebKit Bugzilla: 286694 CVE-2025-24213: Google V8 Security Team WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected process crash Description: A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. WebKit Bugzilla: 286462 CVE-2025-24209: Francisco Alonso (@revskills), and an anonymous researcher WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash Description: A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. WebKit Bugzilla: 285643 CVE-2025-30427: rheza (@ginggilBesel) WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious website may be able to track users in Safari private browsing mode Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. WebKit Bugzilla: 286580 CVE-2025-30425: an anonymous researcher WindowServer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker may be able to cause unexpected app termination Description: A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24247: PixiePoint Security WindowServer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to trick a user into copying sensitive data to the pasteboard Description: A configuration issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24241: Andreas Hegenberg (folivora.AI GmbH) Xsan Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-24266: an anonymous researcher Xsan Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-24265: an anonymous researcher Xsan Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory Description: A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24157: an anonymous researcher

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<p> testssss </p>

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<h2> Test Video Document </h2>

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<h1> Testy McTestenface </h1> <p> It's been so long, html </p>

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I was reading this passage last night: > …from that time when one came to a grain heap of twenty measures, there would be only ten; and when one came to the wine vat to draw fifty measures, there would be only twenty. I smote you and every work of your hands with blasting wind, mildew and hail; **yet you did not come back to Me**,’ declares the Lord. ‘Do consider from this day onward, from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month; from the day when the temple of the Lord was founded, consider: Is the seed still in the barn? Even including the vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate and the olive tree, it has not borne fruit. **Yet from this day on I will bless you**.’ ” (Haggai 2:16-19) {emphasis mine} Why were bad things happening to the Israelites? Because they were not following God. Why did God allow these difficult situations to occur? Because God was calling them back to Himself. This made me think of several times lately, when I had written about Christians going through hard times, that fellow believers had tried to kindly correct me implying that God would not allow these painful things to happen to believers. They were trying to defend God’s honor, but instead they were degrading God. If God is not in control of everything, then either God is unable to protect His own from harm because of sin or bad things happened accidentally and God ignored the injustice. Saying God was not in control of allowing every hardship is either saying God isn’t strong enough, isn’t smart enough, or isn’t loving enough. The God I serve is omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent, and love incarnate. He also didn’t promise us easy, pleasant lives, but did promise that good would come out of every situation. > And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose. (Romans 8:28) When Jesus walked on earth and some people said they wanted to follow Him, His response was not what we would expect: > And He was saying to them all, “**If anyone wishes to come after Me, he must deny himself, and take up his cross daily and follow Me**. For whoever wishes to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake, he is the one who will save it. For what is a man profited if he gains the whole world, and loses or forfeits himself? For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when He comes in His glory, and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. (Luke 9:23-26) {emphasis mine} When one particular man said that he would follow Jesus anywhere, Jesus responded this way. > As they were going along the road, someone said to Him, “I will follow You wherever You go.” And Jesus said to him, “**The foxes have holes and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay His head**.” (Luke 9:57-58) {emphasis mine} Jesus was brutally honest that following Him would not be easy or comfortable. Following Jesus is more likely to lead to hardship and persecution that prosperity and comfort. > “Then **they will deliver you to tribulation, and will kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of My name**. At that time many will fall away and will betray one another and hate one another. Many false prophets will arise and will mislead many. Because lawlessness is increased, most people’s love will grow cold. But **the one who endures to the end, he will be saved**. This gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come. (Matthew 24:9-14) {emphasis mine} Of course God isn’t putting us through hardship to torture us. He is putting us in situations to grow our faith and dependence on Him, i.e. Abraham. He is putting us in situations where we can minister to others, i.e. Joseph. He is using us as examples of faith to others, i.e. Job. Any hardship has an eternal purpose. Sometimes we can see it (at least eventually) if we are looking for God’s will and plan. Sometime we won’t see what He was accomplishing until we get to heaven. Still we need to trust God through it all, knowing His plan is perfect. > “**For my thoughts are not your thoughts,\ > neither are your ways my ways**,”\ > declares the Lord. > > “As the heavens are higher than the earth,\ > so are **my ways higher than your ways**\ > and my thoughts than your thoughts. > > As the rain and the snow\ > come down from heaven,\ > and do not return to it\ > without watering the earth\ > and making it bud and flourish,\ > so that it yields seed for the sower and bread for the eater,\ > so is **my word that goes out from my mouth:\ > It will not return to me empty,\ > but will accomplish what I desire\ > and achieve the purpose for which I sent it**. (Isaiah 55:8-11) {emphasis mine} God understands how hard it is to understand what He is accomplishing. We live in the here and now while He is outside time and space and therefore has a heavenly and eternal perspective that we will never truly have this side of heaven. He has told us how the story ends, so that we can have peace and trust Him through whatever circumstances He has blessed us. > Jesus answered them, “Do you now believe? Behold, an hour is coming, and has already come, for you to be scattered, each to his own home, and to leave Me alone; and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with Me. **These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world**.” (John 16:31-33) {emphasis mine} In fact, Jesus made this so clear that His disciples rejoiced in persecution they received due to obeying Him and sharing His word. > They took his advice; and after calling the apostles in, they flogged them and ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and *then* released them. So they went on their way from the presence of the Council, **rejoicing that they had been considered worthy to suffer shame for *His* name**. (Acts 5:40-41) {emphasis mine} Peter specifically warns believers to expect trials and hardship. > Dear friends, **do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal that has come on you to test you, as though something strange were happening to you**. But rejoice inasmuch as you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed. **If you are insulted because of the name of Christ, you are blessed**, for the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you. If you suffer, it should not be as a murderer or thief or any other kind of criminal, or even as a meddler. However, **if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God** that you bear that name. For it is time for judgment to begin with God’s household; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who do not obey the gospel of God? And, > > “If it is hard for the righteous to be saved,\ > what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?” > > So then, those who suffer according to God’s will should commit themselves to their faithful Creator and continue to do good. (1 Peter 4:12-19) {emphasis mine} Paul writes about begging God to take away a health issue. Eventually he accepted it as part of God’s plan for his life and boasted gladly in his hardship. > …Therefore, in order **to keep me from becoming conceited, I was given a thorn** in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me. Three times **I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you**, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore **I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me**. That is why, for Christ’s sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong. (2 Corinthians 12:7b-10) {emphasis mine} No matter what hardships we experience in life, whether poverty or persecution or poor health or loss of a loved one or any other hardship, God is with us working everything for our good. > Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? Just as it is written, > > “For Your sake we are being put to death all day long;\ > We were considered as sheep to be slaughtered.” > ****But in all these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us**. For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 8:35-39) {emphasis mine} I like to look at the story of Joseph as an example of God’s extraordinary plan in the life of a faithful believer. Joseph trusted and honored God. God had a plan for Joseph to be used to save the lives of his family and the people of the Middle East from famine, but God didn’t just instantly put Joseph in a position of power to help. He prepared Joseph and slowly moved him to where he needed to be. First Josephs brothers wanted to kill him out of jealousy, but God used greed to get them to sell Joseph as a slave instead. He orchestrated the right slave traders to walk by at the right time so that Joseph would wind up in the house of Potiphar, the Pharaoh’s guard. Then when Joseph acted honorably towards God, his master, and his master’s wife, Joseph was sent to jail for years. I’m sure Joseph was wondering why God would send him to prison for doing what was right, but it put him into the presence of the cupbearer of Pharaoh. A long time after correctly interpreting the cup bearer’s dream, Joseph was called up to interpret Pharaoh’s dream, put in charge of the famine preparation and became second in command after Pharaoh. Joseph, after years of slavery and jail time, was now the second most powerful man in the Middle East, if not the world. God had a plan, but it was hard to see until its completion. In the same way, Job lost his wealth, his children, his health, and his reputation, but remember that Satan had to get God’s permission before anything could be done to hurt Job. So many people today are blessed by seeing Job’s response to hardship and loss, by seeing Job’s faith, his struggle, and his submission to God’s plan. In this case God even gives Job more after this time of testing than he had before. When we experience hardship we need to know that God has a plan for our life. It may be something amazing here on Earth. It may be souls won for Christ. It may be to prepare us for heaven. Whatever the case, it is for our good. We don’t need to be ashamed that God would allow hardship. We grow most when we experience hardship. Our light shines brightest in darkness. > Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God!\ > How unsearchable his judgments,\ > and his paths beyond tracing out!\ > “Who has known the mind of the Lord?\ > Or who has been his counselor?”\ > “Who has ever given to God,\ > that God should repay them?”\ > For from him and through him and for him are all things.\ > To him be the glory forever! Amen. (Romans 11:33-36) Trust Jesus

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You can follow the work in progress here in this pull request [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/68](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/68) on Github. Before my 3-month break (Dec/Jan/Feb) working on Nostr-PHP I started with the NIP-19 integration in October '24. Encoding and decoding the simple prefixes (`npub`, `nsec` and `note`) was already done in the first commits. Learn more about NIP-19 here: [https://nips.nostr.com/19](https://nips.nostr.com/19)  ### **TLV's** Things were getting more complicated with the other prefixes / identifiers defined in NIP-19: * `nevent` * `naddr` * `nprofile` This is because these identifiers contain (optional) metadata called Type-Lenght-Value aka TLV's. _When sharing a profile or an event, an app may decide to include relay information and other metadata such that other apps can locate and display these entities more easily._ _For these events, the contents are a binary-encoded list of_ `_TLV_` _(type-length-value), with_ `_T_` _and_ `_L_` _being 1 byte each (_`_uint8_`_, i.e. a number in the range of 0-255), and_ `_V_` _being a sequence of bytes of the size indicated by_ `_L_`_._ These possible standardized `TLV` types are: * `0`_:_ `special` * _depends on the bech32 prefix:_ * _for_ `nprofile` _it will be the 32 bytes of the profile public key_ * _for_ `nevent` _it will be the 32 bytes of the event id_ * _for_ `naddr`_, it is the identifier (the_ `"d"` _tag) of the event being referenced. For normal replaceable events use an empty string._ * `1`_:_ `relay` * _for_ `nprofile`_,_ `nevent` _and_  `naddr`_, optionally, a relay in which the entity (profile or event) is more likely to be found, encoded as ascii_ * _this may be included multiple times_ * `2`_:_ `author` * _for_ `naddr`_, the 32 bytes of the pubkey of the event_ * _for_ `nevent`_, optionally, the 32 bytes of the pubkey of the event_ * `3`_:_ `kind` * _for_ `naddr`_, the 32-bit unsigned integer of the kind, big-endian_ * _for_ `nevent`_, optionally, the 32-bit unsigned integer of the kind, big-endian_ These identifiers are formatted as bech32 strings, but are much longer than the package `bitwasp/bech32` (used in the library) for can handle for encoding and decoding. The bech32 strings handled by `bitwasp/bech32` are limited to a maximum length of 90 characters. Thanks to the effort of others (nostr:npub1636uujeewag8zv8593lcvdrwlymgqre6uax4anuq3y5qehqey05sl8qpl4 and nostr:npub1efz8l77esdtpw6l359sjvakm7azvyv6mkuxphjdk3vfzkgxkatrqlpf9s4) during my break, some contributions are made (modifiying the bech32 package supporting much longer strings, up to a max of 5000 characters). At this moment, I'm integrating this (mostly copy-pasting the stuff and refactoring the code): * [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/74](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/74) * [https://github.com/nostriphant/nip-19](https://github.com/nostriphant/nip-19) ### **So what's next?** * NIP-19 code housekeeping + refactoring * Prepare a new release with NIP-19 integration * Create documentation page how to use NIP-19 on [https://nostr-php.dev](https://nostr-php.dev)

@ 7bdef7be:784a5805

The following script try, using [nak](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nak), to find out the last ten people who have followed a `target_pubkey`, sorted by the most recent. It's possibile to shorten `search_timerange` to speed up the search. ``` #!/usr/bin/env fish # Target pubkey we're looking for in the tags set target_pubkey "6e468422dfb74a5738702a8823b9b28168abab8655faacb6853cd0ee15deee93" set current_time (date +%s) set search_timerange (math $current_time - 600) # 24 hours = 86400 seconds set pubkeys (nak req --kind 3 -s $search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io/ wss://nos.lol/ 2>/dev/null | \ jq -r --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[] | select(.[0] == "p" and .[1] == $target)) | .pubkey ' | sort -u) if test -z "$pubkeys" exit 1 end set all_events "" set extended_search_timerange (math $current_time - 31536000) # One year for pubkey in $pubkeys echo "Checking $pubkey" set events (nak req --author $pubkey -l 5 -k 3 -s $extended_search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io wss://nos.lol 2>/dev/null | \ jq -c --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[][] == $target) ' 2>/dev/null) set count (echo "$events" | jq -s 'length') if test "$count" -eq 1 set all_events $all_events $events end end if test -n "$all_events" echo -e "Last people following $target_pubkey:" echo -e "" set sorted_events (printf "%s\n" $all_events | jq -r -s ' unique_by(.id) | sort_by(-.created_at) | .[] | @json ') for event in $sorted_events set npub (echo $event | jq -r '.pubkey' | nak encode npub) set created_at (echo $event | jq -r '.created_at') if test (uname) = "Darwin" set follow_date (date -r "$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") else set follow_date (date -d @"$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") end echo "$follow_date - $npub" end end ```

@ 7bdef7be:784a5805

We value sovereignty, privacy and security when accessing online content, using several tools to achieve this, like open protocols, open OSes, open software products, Tor and VPNs. ## The problem Talking about our social presence, we can manually build up our follower list (social graph), pick a Nostr client that is respectful of our preferences on what to show and how, but with the standard following mechanism, our main feed is public, so **everyone can actually snoop what we are interested in**, and what is supposable that we read daily. ## The solution Nostr has a simple solution for this necessity: **encrypted lists**. Lists are what they appear, a collection of people or interests (but they can also group much other stuff, see [NIP-51](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/51.md)). So we can create lists with contacts that we don't have in our main social graph; these lists can be used primarily to create dedicated feeds, but they could have other uses, for example, related to monitoring. The interesting thing about lists is that they can also be encrypted, so unlike the basic following list, which is always public, **we can hide the lists' content from others**. The implications are obvious: we can not only have a more organized way to browse content, but it is also **really private one**. One might wonder what use can really be made of private lists; here are some examples: * Browse “can't miss” content from users I consider a priority; * Supervise competitors or adversarial parts; * Monitor sensible topics (tags); * Following someone without being publicly associated with them, as this may be undesirable; The benefits in terms of privacy as usual are not only related to the casual, or programmatic, observer, but are also evident when we think of **how many bots scan our actions to profile us**. ## The current state Unfortunately, lists are not widely supported by Nostr clients, and encrypted support is a rarity. Often the excuse to not implement them is that they are harder to develop, since they require managing the encryption stuff ([NIP-44](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/44.md)). Nevertheless, developers have an **easier option** to start offering private lists: give the user **the possibility to simply mark them as local-only**, and never push them to the relays. Even if the user misses the sync feature, this is sufficient to create a private environment. To date, as far as I know, the best client with list management is [Gossip](nostr:npub189j8y280mhezlp98ecmdzydn0r8970g4hpqpx3u9tcztynywfczqqr3tg8), which permits to manage **both encrypted and local-only lists**. Beg your Nostr client to implement private lists!

@ 04cb16e4:2ec3e5d5

Wenn irgendein weltpolitisches Thema auf den Tisch kommt, wird zumeist erst einmal gefragt, ob du dafür oder dagegen bist und auf welcher Seite du dich befindest. Das macht es einfacher, dich als Freund oder Feind einzusortieren. So wird das Leben übersichtlicher und man muss nicht in die Tiefe gehen und sich mit lästigen Details auseinandersetzen. Man muss auch nicht verreisen um sich ein Bild zu machen. Dafür gibt es ja die Tagesschau. Klassisches Beispiel: Ich war vor Kurzem mit einigen Freunden essen. Einer berichtete entsetzt: „Der Putin hat die Heimatstadt von Selenski angegriffen!“ &#x20;Ich versuchte mir das bildlich vorzustellen und kam zu dem Schluss, das „der Putin“ wahrscheinlich Verstärkung dabei hatte. Und ausgerechnet nachdem Trump und dessen Flügelmann Vance den armen Wolodymyr rund gemacht hatten, greift der böse Imperator dessen Heimatstadt an. Das ist fies! Das macht „der Putin“ wahrscheinlich immer so, wenn er jemandem eins auswischen will. Die Heimatstadt angreifen! Ganz gleich, ob es strategisch gerade Sinn macht oder nicht. "Der Putin" ist halt ein Teufel. [Telegramkanal RBM](https://t.me/radio_berliner_morgenroete_de) [Radio Berliner Morgenröte auf X](https://x.com/RBM_Schindler) Ich denke viele gucken einfach zu viele qualitativ minderwertige Spielfilme und können Fiktion und Realität nicht mehr voneinander unterscheiden. Möglicherweise meinen sie auch, weil sie die Handlung eines Kriegsfilmes gerafft haben, verstehen sie einen Krieg. <https://www.eisbrenner.de/produkt-kategorie/buch/> <https://befreiung.org/> Mein Gesprächspartner Tino Eisbrenner hat keine Sightseeing Tour durch Moskau gemacht, sondern ist in Land und Leute regelrecht eingetaucht. Außerdem kommt seine Schwiegermutter aus Russland. Da ist man dem ganzen auch menschlich viel näher und bekommt man ganz andere Einblicke als die, die einem von der Tagesschau gewährt werden. Tino ist als Friedensmusiker viel im Osten unterwegs, unter anderem auch in Georgien, Weißrussland und auf der Krim. Er spricht mit Politikern, Künstlern, Journalisten, Taxifahrern und Dissidenten. Und viele fragen ihn: „Was ist eigentlich mit den Deutschen los?“ Gute Frage! Was ist eigentlich mit uns los? Wir senden unsere Volksvertreter in die Welt hinaus, damit sie Staatsoberhäuptern aus Ländern - die um ein Vielfaches umfangreicher an Fläche und Einwohnerzahl sind und eine komplett andere Kulturgeschichte haben - damit sie denen erklären können wie man seinen Job macht. Wahrscheinlich in dem irrwitzigen Glauben, dass sie selbst ihren Job tadellos und vorbildlich ausführen. **Spenden nehmen wir entweder mit dem Paypal Button am Ende** **[unserer Webseite](https://radio-berliner-morgenroete.de/)** **<https://radio-berliner-morgenroete.de/>** **oder per Überweisung aufs Bankkonto: DE93 1001 1001 2624 3740 74 entgegen.** Wir sind aber nicht nur verantwortlich für unsere politische Führung, sondern auch für unseren Umgang miteinander. Denn im „Großen“ gilt dasselbe wie im „Kleinen“! Man sollte erst mal bei sich selbst schauen wo es hakt und dann miteinander ins Gespräch gehen. Der Mangel an Realitätssinn und Konfliktfähigkeit zieht sich durch alle Schichten unserer Bevölkerung. Deswegen sagt Radio Berliner Morgenröte: „Wenn ihr Frieden wollt, fangt in Deutschland an und wenn ihr euch eine Meinung über Russland oder China bilden wollt, dann fahrt einfach mal dorthin und redet mit den Leuten, So wie Tino. Mir hat es riesig Spaß gemacht, ihm zuzuhören. Weiterer Buchtipp – [Ausgegendert](https://www.masselverlag.de/v/yHj2uBdfbu/) <https://mcdn.podbean.com/mf/web/e5qbg23gz6mru9zz/Tino_Eisbrenner9tbpx.mp3>

@ d04ecf33:1d62aa90

## Physical prototyping 3D printers have evolved as useful tools for rapid prototyping of physical products for inspiration and demonstration purposes. Nowadays people also use them for hobbyist endeavors. They create nice little items for pure enjoyment or very simple substitution parts that can be used regardless of industrial precision and material limitations. ## Prototypers of Ideas Similarly with LLMs, you can bounce ideas off them to better understand your own thinking and also let them generate variations of ideas. They provide inspiration, summaries, and proof-of-concept boilerplates. They are rapid prototypers for and of your ideas, creating a feedback loop. However, to use LLMs successfully, people must understand that LLMs cannot and will never discover key insights. They are not creative in a human sense, just like 3D printers cannot produce a real car. From engineering to art and business ideas, people use tools for almost all phases. The key innovation of LLMs is that they offer an effective tool to iterate faster in the ideation phase. And yes, that's true of coding too. The code that LLMs generate is not production-ready, but it is a good starting point. Beware of using the prototype as the final product, as it will inevitably backfire. Use LLMs where their high-frequency but low-quality output is justified. Situations where low-quality boilerplate makes sense include experiments and other instances like code snippets, text summaries, sketches, demo videos, mockups, etc. So, take your key idea and start the conversation. Apply critical thinking to identify where the answers lack important aspects and make mistakes, but most importantly, learn how to formulate your questions better. ## Economic Impact 3D printers lower the barrier to entry in the manufacturing of physical products. LLMs, on the other hand, lower the barrier to generating useful ideas. That is to say, they lower the barrier to produce anything and everything because ideas are the basis of any product. This has a deflationary impact and, in my estimation, will further lower the need for mediocre, unimaginative people across the board. It's the bureaucrats' nightmare. Another impactful aspect of LLMs is that they are very effective learning tools, just like 3D printers. Learning in a feedback loop used to be available only by hiring a human. Now that is one prompt and a few sats away. ## Progress LLMs need "quality data" to improve, i.e., more human insight and true creativity. Therefore, they feed on open-source. Closed-source proprietary information and "intellectual property" slow their progress, but not for long. Humans, overall, yearn for innovation more than they fear censorship and punishment. It's another Pandora's box, and the effects will never be reversed. People are essentially and foremost explainers of the world, creative innovators. If you ask me, the human touch will be necessary at least until we have true AGI, and the path LLMs are on right now can never achieve that, not in a million years. I agree with David Deutsch's take on this: To produce real AGI, we must first crack serious concepts like how Meaning, Consciousness, Creativity, and Free Will work. We don't know how far we are from that, but it's not to be found along the path of what we call AI today. If you are striving to become a better version of yourself and learn every day, rest assured: LLMs are your leverage. Otherwise, you will need some fiat authority, like the state today, to force others to value your work while it has an overall negative impact (90% in that category in my estimation). People like that need a shift of perspective or will suffer the consequences. Keep printing ideas and execute on them! Learn and repeat. The path to success. #llm #ai #agi #3dp #programming

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Supetar is the main town and ferry port on Brač Island, located just across the sea from Split. It’s a charming coastal town with historic streets, beautiful beaches, and a relaxed island vibe. As the main entry point to Brač, it’s the perfect base for exploring the island’s stunning beaches, olive groves, and cultural landmarks.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Supetar** ### **1️⃣ Explore the Supetar Old Town 🏡** - Stroll through **narrow, stone-paved alleys**, lined with **historic buildings and seaside cafés**. - Visit **St. Peter’s Church & Mausoleum**, featuring intricate stone carvings. - Admire the **harbor filled with fishing boats**, offering postcard-worthy views. ### **2️⃣ Relax on Supetar’s Beaches 🏖️** - **Banj Beach** – A **family-friendly beach** with crystal-clear water & soft pebbles. - **Acapulco Beach** – A more secluded, **rocky beach with turquoise waters**. - **Vela Luka Bay** – A beautiful bay **surrounded by pine forests**, perfect for relaxation. ### **3️⃣ Visit the Olive Oil Museum in Škrip 🫒** - **Just 15 minutes from Supetar**, this museum showcases **Brač’s olive oil heritage**. - Try traditional **Dalmatian olive oil tastings** & local island delicacies.  ### **4️⃣ Take a Boat Trip to the Famous Zlatni Rat Beach ⛵** - One of **Croatia’s most iconic beaches**, known for its **shifting horn-shaped coastline**. - Located in **Bol**, just a short boat or car ride away from Supetar. ### **5️⃣ Hike or Drive to Vidova Gora 🌄** - The **highest peak on the Adriatic islands (778m)**, offering **breathtaking views** over Brač, Hvar, and beyond. - Accessible by **hiking (moderate difficulty) or driving**.  ### **6️⃣ Try Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Vitalac** – A unique Brač specialty, made from lamb offal and cooked over an open fire. - **Pašticada** – A slow-cooked beef dish, traditionally served with gnocchi. - **Homemade Brač cheese & wine** – Try local goat cheese paired with **Plavac Mali wine**.  ## **🚗 How to Get to Supetar** ⛴️ **By Ferry (from Split):** - The **Split-Supetar ferry** is the **main connection** (50 min ride). - Ferries run **frequently** (especially in summer). 🚘 **By Car:** - **Supetar is the best entry point for road trips across Brač**. - Car rentals are available in town or at the ferry port.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Supetar** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–September** for warm weather & clear seas ☀️ ✅ **Stay at least a night** – Supetar has a lovely evening atmosphere 🌙 ✅ **Rent a scooter or car** to explore Brač’s hidden beaches & inland villages 🏍️ ✅ **Try local wines & olive oils** – Brač is famous for both 🍷🫒 ✅ **Visit early in the morning** for a peaceful experience before ferries get busy ⏳ 

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

内容来自：https://github.com/aljazceru/awesome-nostr/blob/main/README.md nostr.net services [relay.nostr.net](https://relay.nostr.net) || [nostr.at](https://nostr.at) || [wot.nostr.net](https://wot.nostr.net) || [delete.nostr.net](https://delete.nostr.net) "nostr" stands for "**N**otes and **O**ther **S**tuff **T**ransmitted by **R**elays" and is an open protocol for censorship-resistant global networks. ## Most popular ### Mobile clients - [Damus](https://damus.io/) - The OG nostr client for iOS - [Amethyst](https://github.com/vitorpamplona/amethyst) - Android-only app - [Primal](https://primal.net/downloads) - iOS and Android apps - [YakiHonne](https://yakihonne.com/yakihonne-mobile-app) - iOS and Android app - [Nos](https://nos.social) - iOS-only app ### Web clients - [snort.social](https://snort.social/) - [iris.to](https://iris.to/) - [primal.net](https://primal.net/) - [coracle.social](https://coracle.social/) - [YakiHonne](https://yakihonne.com) ### App store - [Zapstore](https://github.com/zapstore/zapstore) ## Protocol - [NIPs](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips) - the "**N**ostr **I**mplementation **P**ossibilities" describe the protocol in technical detail - [nostr address book](https://github.com/aitechguy/nostr-address-book) - A directory of X (formerly Twitter) users accounts and their NOSTR addresses - [nostr, a basic tour](https://github.com/rajarshimaitra/rust-nostr/blob/main/VISION.md) - an intro to nostr - [Nostr: Solucionando la censura de una vez por todas](https://estudiobitcoin.com/nostr-solucionando-la-censura-de-una-vez-por-todas/) - [nostr.how](https://nostr.how) - A comprehensive non-technical beginners guide to Nostr. Available in several languages. - [nostr](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr) - Overview and FAQ - [tinkering with nostr without any client](https://medium.com/@p2w34/tinkering-with-the-nostr-protocol-will-it-take-twitter-over-74c4bf0fea66) - [UseNostr](https://usenostr.org) - A small guide for anyone who wants to learn more about how nostr works and what it can do. - [persian nostr book](https://github.com/kehiy/persian-nostr-book) - a book written in the Persian language about nostr, containing nips translation. - [NosTracker](https://marcodpt.github.io/nostracker/) [](https://github.com/marcodpt/nostracker) - Information about NIP support for clients, relays, tools and libraries. Like a caniuse but for NIPs. ## Relays Relays are (so far) application agnostic. You can run your own or use any or all of the public instances. ### Implementations - [Alienos](https://github.com/dezh-tech/alienos) - A plugin-able and manageable (NIP-86) lightweight nostr stack (relay/blossom/nip-05) designed for self-hosting. Supporting tor hidden service and full running documentation. - [Astro](https://github.com/Nostrology/astro) - Elixir-based implementation built to be performant and highly distributed. - [Bostr](https://github.com/Yonle/bostr) - Nostr bouncer relay aggregator proxy written in NodeJS - [Bostr2](https://github.com/Yonle/bostr2) - Nostr bouncer relay aggregator proxy written in Go - [Bucket](https://github.com/coracle-social/bucket) - in-memory-only nodejs relay for testing/hacking on. Stupid simple, <100 LOC. - [cagliostr](https://github.com/mattn/cagliostr) - Faster Nostr relay in C++ backend by sqlite3. - [cfrelay](https://github.com/haorendashu/cfrelay) - A personal nostr relay base on cloudflare workers. - [Chorus](https://github.com/mikedilger/chorus) - Rust based personal or community relay. - [Citrine](https://github.com/greenart7c3/Citrine) - Nostr relay for Android - [DDSR](https://github.com/dezh-tech/ddsr) - Dezh DSRs (Domain specific relays) is a set of lightweight relays designed to do exactly one thing, better than general relays to enhance UX: - [Zapoli](https://github.com/dezh-tech/ddsr/tree/main/zapoli) - A Specialized Nostr Relay For AppStores. - [210Maxi](https://github.com/dezh-tech/ddsr/tree/main/210maxi) - A nostr relay that only accepts 210 character events (NIP-B1). - [Denostr](https://github.com/guakamoli/denostr) - Deno based, cloud native nostr implemention. - [Ditto](https://github.com/soapbox-pub/ditto) - Mastadon server and Nostr relay in one. - [Ephemerelay](https://gitlab.com/soapbox-pub/ephemerelay) - An in-memory Nostr relay that doesn't store data. - [Fenrir-s](https://github.com/rushmi0/Fenrir-s) - a Nostr Relay written in Kotlin with PostgreSQL backend and GraalVM support. - [gnost-relay](https://github.com/barkyq/gnost-relay)  - nostr relay written in go backed by PostgreSQL database. - [grain](https://github.com/0ceanslim/grain) - A highly configurable, multipurpose relay written in Go, Storing Events in a MongoDB. - [HAVEN](https://github.com/bitvora/haven) - Four relays in one + Blossom Media Server for a modern, sovereign and personal Nostr experience. - [Immortal](https://github.com/dezh-tech/immortal) - A relay designed for scale and high-load. - [knostr](https://github.com/lpicanco/knostr) - a nostr relay implemented in Kotlin with support for Postgres and metrics(micrometer). - [me.untethr.nostr-relay](https://github.com/atdixon/me.untethr.nostr-relay) - a relay written in Clojure. - [Minds Nostr Relay](https://gitlab.com/minds/infrastructure/nostr-relay) - a relay for [Minds](https://www.minds.com), an open-source social network - [Minds Engine - Nostr](https://gitlab.com/minds/engine/-/tree/master/Core/Nostr) - relevant Minds API code for reading/writing Minds posts using Nostr - [monstr](https://github.com/monty888/monstr)- python code for working with nostr - [multiplextr](https://github.com/coracle-social/multiplextr)  - A custom relay designed to save bandwidth for clients with multiplexer support. - [Nerostr](https://codeberg.org/pluja/nerostr) - A Nostr expensive relay paid with Monero and written in Go. - [netstr](https://github.com/bezysoftware/netstr) - A general purpose Nostr relay written in C# with high test coverage, backed by Postgres DB. - [Nex](https://github.com/lebrunel/nex)  - A powerful and scalable Nostr relay written in Elixir with Postgres DB. - [NIP-29 Group Chat Relay](https://github.com/max21dev/groups-relay) - NIP-29 Group Chat Relay based on fiatjaf's [Relay29](https://github.com/fiatjaf/relay29) and [Khatru](https://github.com/fiatjaf/khatru). - Live instance: [wss://relay.groups.nip29.com](https://relay.groups.nip29.com) - [NNostr](https://github.com/Kukks/NNostr) - a C# relay. - [Nosflare](https://github.com/Spl0itable/nosflare) - a serverless Nostr relay purpose-built for [Cloudflare Workers](https://workers.cloudflare.com/) and the [Cloudflare KV](https://www.cloudflare.com/products/workers-kv/) store. - [Nostpy](https://github.com/UTXOnly/nost-py/tree/main) - An easy to deploy/audit Python relay for beginner relay operators. - [Nostr client and relay](https://github.com/pedro-vicente/nostr_client_relay) - C++ engine that allows building Nostr applications for command line, desktop or web. - [nostrcheck-server](https://github.com/quentintaranpino/nostrcheck-server) - A server with relay, File Hosting, Nostr Address, Lightning Redirects, NWC and WoT. - [nostr_relay](https://code.pobblelabs.org/fossil/nostr_relay/) - a nostr relay written in Python, backed by SQLite - [nostr-filter-relay](https://github.com/atrifat/nostr-filter-relay) - A nostr relay docker image package which filter content based on content type (SFW/NSFW), user type, language, hate speech (toxic comment), sentiment, topic, and various rules. - [nostr-relay-nestjs](https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-nestjs) - A Nostr relay with a clear architecture and high test coverage (PostgreSQL, MeiliSearch, NestJS) - [nostr-relay](https://github.com/mattn/nostr-relay) - Nostr relay in Go based on relayer. Backend by sqlite3/PostgreSQL/mysql. - [nostr-rs-relay](https://sr.ht/~gheartsfield/nostr-rs-relay/) - a minimalistic relay written in Rust that saves data on SQLite - [nostream](https://github.com/Cameri/nostream) - a nostr relay written in Typescript backed by PostgreSQL (renamed from nostr-ts-relay). - [nostring](https://github.com/xbol0/nostring) - A Nostr relay written in Deno. - [NostrPostr Relay](https://github.com/Giszmo/NostrPostr/tree/master/NostrRelay) - a Kotlin Relay supporting both SQLite and Postgresql. - [Notra](https://github.com/lontivero/Nostra) - F# implementation backed by SQLite database. - [PyRelay](https://github.com/johnny423/pyrelay) - a python implementation of a Nostr relay, using asyncio. - [QNostr](https://github.com/Aseman-Land/QNostr) - A Nostr protocol implementation for clients as a Qt Module in C++ - [Relayer Basic](https://github.com/fiatjaf/relayer/tree/master/examples/basic) - a simple relay based on _relayer_ backed by Postgres - [rnostr](https://github.com/rnostr/rnostr) - A high-performance and scalable nostr relay written in Rust. - [Servus](https://github.com/ibz/servus) - A self-contained, single executable, CMS/blogging engine reminiscent of Jekyll which also acts as a personal Nostr relay for your blog posts. Written in Rust. - [søstr](https://github.com/metasikander/s0str) - a private Nostr relay written in rust, saves all notes from one pubkey and publish them to anyone that requests them - [sovereign-stack](https://www.sovereign-stack.org) - a tool that helps you deploy nostr relays and create self-hosted (bitcoin-only) Value4Value websites. - [strfry](https://github.com/hoytech/strfry) - C++ implementation backed by LMDB with efficient syncing of events using Merkle trees - [SuperConductor](https://github.com/avlo/superconductor) - Java Nostr-Relay Framework & Web Application. Java 20, Spring WebSocketSession 3.2.2, Spring Boot 3.2.4, atop [nostr-java library](https://github.com/tcheeric/nostr-java). Simple. Clean. OO. - [tandem](https://github.com/TheRebelOfBabylon/tandem) - WIP: community focused relay written in Go - [Transpher](https://github.com/nostriphant/transpher) - experimental PHP implementation with file or sqlite storage, configurable limits - [WoT relay](https://github.com/bitvora/wot-relay.git) - relay for every note in your web of trust ### Relay lists Websites with lists of relays and their performance/health: - [relay.nostr.net](wss://relay.nostr.net) - relay run by nostr.net - [nostr.info](https://nostr.info/relays/) - real-time checking of the status of some known relays. - [nostr.watch](https://nostr.watch) - real-time checking of the status of some known relays. - [relays.xport.top](https://relays.xport.top) - relays list sortable by ping, activity, etc. ## Clients - [0xchat](https://github.com/0xchat-app) - a telegram/wechat-like nostr client for iOS and Android - [0xchat on iOS](https://apps.apple.com/app/0xchat/id1637607169) - [0xchat on Android](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.oxchat.nostr) - [Agora](https://agorasocial.app)  - Follow your favorite topics in nostr-verse (and even posts from Mastodon, Reddit, Bluesky, and Twitter) - [Alexandria](https://github.com/ShadowySupercode/gc-alexandria) - A Knowledge Base and future eReader app. Focuses on the implementation of [NKBIP-01](https://wikifreedia.xyz/nkbip-01) - [algia-web](https://github.com/ryogrid/algia-web) - A small resource consumption oriented Nostr web client - [algia](https://github.com/mattn/algia) - A cli application for nostr. - [alphaama](https://github.com/eskema/alphaama) - alphaama is just a nostr fucking client - [Amethyst](https://github.com/vitorpamplona/amethyst) - An Android client for nostr written in Kotlin - [Anonostr](https://github.com/Spl0itable/Anonostr) - Anonostr allows users to send anonymous notes to the Nostr network without revealing their identity. For each note submission, the app generates a new key pair, sends the note through select relays, and then securely burns the key pair. It supports tagging, threading, quoting, and replying to existing notes. - [ArcadeCity](https://github.com/ArcadeCity/arcade) - Public group chats and P2P services (WIP) over nostr - [Asknostr.site](https://asknostr.site) - A Quora/StackOverflow Q&A site using the nostr network and #asknostr content - [Astral](https://github.com/monlovesmango/astral) - a branle fork with global feed and UI makeover - [Astral on TOR](http://hbn4yzl3qkzi3qpse6nvljbduzcdecaq76tbcfjfzmoaik3q3uryxuad.onion/3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d) - [astral.ninja](https://astral.ninja/) - [client.nostr.guide](https://client.nostr.guide/) - [Attached](https://github.com/dyegolara/nostr-attached) - Open-Source ReactNative Expo app for Nostr (iOS, Android). Currently under app store review - [badger](https://github.com/0ceanslim/badger) - A NIP58 nostr badge client. Create Badges view Profile Badges and more. - [Beagle](https://0xli.github.io/beagle.chat/) - Decentralized real-time Text/Audio/Video chat client for iOS, using nostr relays for users to share information and moments by posts of text, image and video. - [BlazeJump](https://github.com/objectwizard/BlazeJump) - A fast web client boilerplate written in C# / Blazor, that uses an in-browser SQLite database. - [Blockcore Notes](https://github.com/block-core/blockcore-notes)  - Progressive Web App that can be installed on mobile and desktop, organize following in circles and have both public and private following lists. Dynamic interface for different uses, such as optimized for photograph viewing - [notes.blockcore.net](https://notes.blockcore.net/) - [Blowater](https://blowater.deno.dev) - A desktop Web client focusing on chat with delightful UX - [bolt.fun](https://makers.bolt.fun/feed) - A bitcoin lightning makers community that supports reading and creating comments using Nostr - [connect4](https://github.com/stutxo/connect4xyz) - connect 4 over nostr - [connect4.xyz](https://connect4.xyz/) - [Coracle Chat](https://github.com/coracle-social/legacy-chat) - A standalone port of Coracle's old chat functionality - [Coracle DMs](https://github.com/coracle-social/legacy-dms) - A standalone port of Coracle's old DM functionality - [Coracle](https://github.com/coracle-social/coracle) - A nostr web client - [Corny Chat](https://github.com/vicariousdrama/cornychat) - Corny Chat is an open source audio space built on Jam that integrates Nostr and Lightning. - [cornychat.com](https://cornychat.com/) - [Daisy](https://github.com/neb-b/daisy) - Mobile client for Android and iOS - [testflight + android builds](https://neb.lol/nostr) - [damus](https://github.com/damus-io/damus) - a twitter-like nostr client for iOS and MacOS - [damus on testflight](https://testflight.apple.com/join/CLwjLxWl) - [damus on Mac app store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/damus/id1628663131) - [danmakustr](https://github.com/CodyTseng/danmakustr) - a chrome extension allowing users to send special comments (弹幕, danmaku) on YouTube and display them above the video. - [Denny](https://github.com/denostr-lab/denny) - Secure, private, and decentralized group chat messaging client on Nostr - [Disgus](https://github.com/carlitoplatanito/disgus) - A comment widget like Disqus, but for Nostr. - [dispute](https://github.com/ethicnology/dispute) - A cross-platform (Linux, Android, iOS, macOS, Windows and Web) client for NOSTR - [Docstr](https://github.com/sepehr-safari/docstr) - Collaborative Documents (Google Docs Alternative) - [docstr.app](https://docstr.app) - live instance - [earthly](https://github.com/moogmodular/earthly) - A social geojson editor with maps on Nostr - [electron-nostr](https://github.com/wds4/electron-react-boilerplate-nostr) - A bare-bones desktop nostr client using electron-react-boilerplate. The goal is to be an easy template for people to experiment with different ideas on decentralized ratings, reputation, and web of trust - [emon](https://github.com/sebastiaanwouters/emon) - Encrypted DMs over nostr with lightning payments integrated (WIP). - [emon.chat](https://emon.chat) - [Flycat](https://github.com/digi-monkey/flycat-web) - A 2000s old-school style web client which support blogging on Nostr - [Formstr](https://github.com/abhay-raizada/nostr-forms) - A Google Forms alternative built on top of the nostr protocol. - [formstr.app](https://formstr.app/) - live instance - [futr](https://github.com/prolic/futr) - nostr client desktop app written in Haskell - [getwired.app](https://github.com/smolgrrr/Wired) Anonymous-first client with PoW notes - [gitstr](https://github.com/fiatjaf/gitstr) - Send and receive git patches over Nostr, using [NIP-34](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/34.md). - [gnost-deflate-client](https://github.com/barkyq/gnost-deflate-client) - CLI nostr client written in go implementing permessage-deflate websocket compression. - [gossip](https://github.com/mikedilger/gossip) - A desktop client in rust presented with egui - [Groups](https://github.com/max21dev/groups) - NIP-29 Group Chat Web Client. - Live Instance: [groups.nip29.com](https://groups.nip29.com) - [Habla.news](https://github.com/verbiricha/habla.news) - Habla allows you to read, write, curate and monetize long-form content over Nostr, a censorship-resistant protocol for social media that uses long-form Nostr content. - [Highlighter](https://highlighter.com) - Discover and share curated insights by people you trust. Highlight Books, articles, tweets, anything! - [HiveTalk](https://github.com/hivetalk/hivetalksfu) - Hivetalk is an open source real-time Video and screensharing platform built on mirotalk that integrates Nostr and Lightning. - [hivetalk.org](https://HiveTalk.org/) - live instance - [iris](https://github.com/irislib/iris-messenger) - A nostr web client - [iris.to](https://iris.to) - live instance - [Android app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=to.iris.twa) - [Jester](https://github.com/jesterui/jesterui)  - Chess over nostr - [Jester instance](https://jesterui.github.io/) - [JiYou](https://github.com/TimA314/JiYou) - A nostr PWA client with a highly customizable UI - [JiYou.social](https://JiYou.social) - live instance - [Jumble](https://github.com/CodyTseng/jumble) - A web client focused on browsing relay feeds - [jumble.social](https://jumble.social/) - live instance - [Lightning.Pub](https://github.com/shocknet/Lightning.Pub) - A nostr daemon for Lightning nodes - [Listr](https://listr.lol/) - Curate, organize and discover everything Nostr has to offer. Listr is the best way to create, manage, and browse Nostr lists. - [Locus](https://github.com/Myzel394/locus) - Share your location end-to-end encrypted on decentralized servers using Nostr. - [loquaz](https://github.com/emeceve/loquaz) - a desktop app written in Rust for direct encrypted chat - [Lumilumi](http://lumilumi.app/) - A nostr web client. Lightweight modes are available, such as not displaying icon images, not loading images automatically, etc. - [LUMINA](https://github.com/lumina-rocks/lumina) - Nostr (Web) client for images (Picture-first feed). - [lumina.rocks](https://lumina.rocks/) - [mapstr](https://mapstr.xyz/) - Find local businesses which accept BTC and add reviews to those businesses as a customer. Allows ability to receive Zaps for your reviews. You can also add Nostr notes with coordinates which allows them to be mapped to your location. - [Member](https://github.com/memberapp/memberapp.github.io) - Progressive Web App Client. Works on desktop and mobile. - [member.cash](https://member.cash/) - live instance - [Memestr](https://memestr.app/) - nostr hub for memes. - [MeShell](https://github.com/BEEBSDONE/MeShell_Nodejs) - Web, iOS, and Android blog type client destined to publish articles and researches for independent journalists. - [MeShell.io](https://meshell.io) - Landing page for more information - [Minds](https://www.minds.com/) - open source social network. Supports reading and creating posts using the nostr protocol - [more-speech](https://github.com/unclebob/more-speech) - desktop client for nostr written in Clojure - [moStard](https://mostard.org) - Nostr web client with Monero tips. - [narr](https://github.com/fiatjaf/narr) - self-hosted Nostr and RSS reader - [nblog](https://github.com/jacany/nblog) - a self-host nostr ghost blog - [ni.py](https://github.com/0n4t3/nipy) - CLI post only client for Nostr, Activity Pub, and the AT Protocol written in Python. - [Noflux](https://github.com/fiatjaf/noflux) - minimalist and opinionated feed reader - [Nootti](https://nootti.com) - Cross-posting iOS & iPad client app for Bluesky, Mastodon and Nostr - [Nos](https://github.com/planetary-social/nos)  - A UX-focused iOS / MacOS native app focused on a polished new user experience. [planetary.social](https://planetary.social) - [nos.social](https://nos.social) - [nosbin](https://nosbin.com/) - pastebin over nostr - [noscl](https://github.com/fiatjaf/noscl) - a basic command-line client written in Go - [Nosky](https://github.com/KotlinGeekDev/Nosky) - A native Android client for Nostr. Still in development - [nostr console](https://github.com/vishalxl/nostr_console) - a nostr command line client written in Dart. Binaries available for Windows, Linux, and macOS - [Nostr Nests](https://nostrnests.com/) - Nostr Nests is an audio space for chatting, brainstorming, debating, jamming, micro-conferences and more. - [Nostr Playground](https://github.com/sepehr-safari/nostr-playground)  - A simple and user-friendly playground for Nostr. - [playground.nostr.com](https://playground.nostr.com/) - Live instance. - [Nostr Web](https://github.com/franzos/nostr-ts) - React web client for static hosting - [franzos.github.io/nostr-ts](https://franzos.github.io/nostr-ts/) - preview from `master` branch - [nostr-chat-widget-react](https://www.npmjs.com/package/nostr-chat-widget-react?activeTab=readme) - A React component that provides a live-chat widget over nostr that can be embedded into any website. - [nostr-relay-tray](https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-tray) - a simple nostr relay tray app written in Electron - [nostr.cooking](https://github.com/github-tijlxyz/nostr.cooking) - A recipe-sharing client for nostr - [zap.cooking](https://zap.cooking/) - [nostr.kiwi](https://nostr.kiwi/) - nostr.kiwi is a progressive web app to share notes and curate content in communities. - [nostr.time](https://github.com/coracle-social/nostrtime) - A calendar app built on nostr - [NostrChat.io](https://nostrchat.io/) - NostrChat is a chat app where you can have group chats, DM, threads, and emojis. - [Nostree](https://github.com/gzuuus/linktr-nostr) - [nostree.me](https://nostree.me) A Nostr-based application linktree-style to create, manage and discover link lists, show notes and other stuff. - [NostrEmitter](https://github.com/cmdruid/nostr-emitter) - Simple E2E encrypted client and EventEmitter object - [Nostribe.com](https://github.com/sepehr-safari/nostribe-web-client)  - Nostr client web app built with Next.js 13 and TypeScript. - [Nostribe.com](https://nostribe.com/) - Live instance. - [Nostrid](https://github.com/lapulpeta/Nostrid) - Multi-platform client currently offering binaries for Android, Windows, MacOS and Linux. - [Nostrid.Web](https://web.nostrid.app/) - Web version running completely on the browser. It can be installed locally as PWA. - [Nostrmo](https://github.com/haorendashu/nostrmo) - A flutter nostr client for Android, IOS, MacOS, Windows, Web and Linux. - [nostromat](https://github.com/ekimber/nostromat) - A Twitter-style Nostr web client, written in Clojurescript/React - [nostrom.at](https://nostrom.at) - live instance - [Nostros](https://github.com/KoalaSat/nostros) - A nostr mobile client for Android - [Nostrtium](https://github.com/pjv/nostrtium) - Post to Nostr directly from within WordPress - [noStrudel](https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel) - hzrd149's personal nostr client. - [nostrweb](https://git.qcode.ch/nostr/nostrweb) - another Nostr web client in vanilla JS - [nostr.ch](https://nostr.ch/) - live instance - [nostter](https://github.com/SnowCait/nostter) - Twitter-like web client - [nostui](https://github.com/akiomik/nostui) - A TUI client for Nostr - [Nostur](https://nostur.com) - Nostr client app for iOS and MacOS. ([Apple Store link](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/nostur/id1672780508)) - [notestack.com](https://notestack.com) - Blogging site for nostr, supports markdown - [Nuxstr](https://github.com/sebastix/nuxstr) - Starter template for building a Nostr client with the Nuxt Vue framework and Nostr Dev Kit (NDK). - [nuxstr.nostrver.se](https://nuxstr.nostrver.se) - demo - [Olas](https://github.com/pablof7z/olas) - An instagram-like client - [Oracolo](https://github.com/dtonon/oracolo) - Oracolo is a minimalist blog, powered by Nostr, that consists of a single html file. - [OstrichGram](https://ostrichgram.com) - OstrichGram is a Telegram-style desktop app for Linux and Windows featuring group chats and DMs. - [Pareto](https://pareto.space/read) - The Pareto client is a part of an open-source publishing ecosystem for uncensorable citizen journalism, specialized in writing and reading of long-form Nostr articles. - [Pinstr](https://github.com/sepehr-safari/pinstr)  - Pinstr is a decentralized and open-source social network for curating and sharing your interests with the world. - [Pinstr.app](https://pinstr.app) - live instance - [Plebstr](https://plebstr.com) - Nostr client Reimagined, the most beautiful Twitter-like nostr client for iOS & Android. - [Plebstr on Apple App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/plebstr-nostr-client/id1666230916) - [Plebstr on Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.plebstr.client) - [Pollerama](https://pollerama.fun/) - A polls implementation on nostr, with features like Proof of Work Filtering, Followset filtering, and more. -[Github Repo](https://github.com/abhay-raizada/nostr-polls) - [Pollstr](https://github.com/mroxso/pollstr) - A nostr web client with a focus on polls. - [pollstr.online](https://pollstr.online) - live instance - [Postr For Nostr](https://github.com/joel-st/postr-for-nostr) - Post to Nostr directly from within WordPress using NIP-07 - [Pretty Good Apps](https://github.com/wds4/pretty-good) - A desktop Nostr client for Linux, macOS, and windows with a focus on decentralized reputation and web of trust. First application: crowdsourced decentralized list curation. - [Primal](https://primal.net) - Lightning-fast web client for Nostr. Features extensive analytics, vanity profiles, and more. - [Rabbit](https://github.com/syusui-s/rabbit) - A nostr client like TweetDeck - [Satellite](https://github.com/lovvtide/satellite-web) - Nostr web client with Reddit-style threads - [satellite.earth](https://satellite.earth) - live instance - [scalastr](https://github.com/benthecarman/scalastr) - A barebones nostr client written in scala - [second exchange](https://github.com/cynsar-foundation/second.exchange) - an experiment to work out something of like medium, something of creator economy where users are rewarded for engaging in quality discussion and most importantly engaging in governance-related discussion - [Sendstr](https://sendstr.com/)  - shared clipboard between devices over nostr - [Shipyard](https://shipyard.pub/) - Write, schedule, and boost your notes. - [shockwallet](https://github.com/shocknet/wallet2) - A Lightning wallet that uses nostr and lnurl to connect to nodes - [SIGit](https://sigit.io) - An open-source, self-hostable solution for secure document signing and verification. - [Snort](https://github.com/v0l/snort) - Nostr UI written in react - [snort.social](https://snort.social) - [Spring Browser](https://spring.site) - Nostr-focused browser app for Android. - [Stackerstan](https://stackerstan.org) - A decentralized organization built on Bitcoin and Nostr, implemented as a replicated state machine in Golang - [Swarmstr](https://github.com/ptrio42/swarmstr.com) - Your knowledge hub for curious minds - [Swarmstr](https://swarmstr.com) - live instance - [Tamga](https://github.com/erdaltoprak/tamga) - An offline first nostr contact & profile manager for iOS! - [Tides](https://github.com/arbadacarbayk/tides) - Chrome Extension Messenger with a hotlink for Noderunners Radio Stream - [uBlog](https://github.com/nodetec/ublog)  - A minimalist blog on nostr that allows anyone to easily create their own personal micro-blog. - [u-blog.vercel.app](https://u-blog.vercel.app) - [Votestr](https://votestr.com/) - Poll web app with nostr authentication and blind signature unlinkability - [Voyage](https://github.com/dluvian/voyage) - Lightweight Android client with a Reddit-like UI - [Wherostr](https://github.com/mapboss/wherostr_social) - A decentralized geo-social for iOS & Android. - [wikistr](https://github.com/fiatjaf/wikistr) - A "wikipedia" client for nostr - [wikistr.com](https://wikistr.com/) - [Written](https://github.com/silencesoft/written) - Self hosted blog using nostr long-form content (NIP-23) and it shows only posts by selected authors. - [Demo](https://written-weld.vercel.app/) - [yakihonne.com](https://yakihonne.com) - YakiHonne is a Nostr-based decentralized content media protocol that supports blogs, flash news, curation, videos, uncensored notes, zaps, and other content types. Join us now and experience the joy of decentralized publishing, review, and settlement media networks. - [YakiHonne mobile app](https://yakihonne.com/yakihonne-mobile-app) – iOS and Android app - [Yana](https://github.com/frnandu/yana) - Yana is a nostr client focused on performance in slower devices and modularity of features. - [yana.do](https://yana.do) - [zapddit](https://zapddit.com)  - Reddit-style client for nostr where you can follow topics (similar to subreddits), mute certain topics (like #bitcoin), upzap and downzap notes using your hard-earned sats. - [zephyr](https://github.com/coracle-social/zephyr) - A meditative nostr feed reader ### Nostr Marketplace clients (NIP-15 & NIP-99) - [LNBits Nostrmarket](https://github.com/lnbits/nostrmarket) - Nostrmarket extension for LNBits allows you to sell items directly from your LNBits instance - [Plebeian Market](https://github.com/PlebeianTech/plebeian-market) - The Bitcoin-native self-sovereign marketplace built on top of NIP-15 includes fixed-price items and auctions - [Shopstr](https://github.com/shopstr-eng/shopstr) - The Lightning and Cashu-native self-sovereign marketplace built on top of NIP-99 includes fixed-price items ### Client reviews and/or comparisons - Feature [comparison list of Nostr clients](https://github.com/vishalxl/Nostr-Clients-Features-List) - [Feature Matrix for Nostr Clients](https://github.com/nostorg/clients) - [Landing page](https://nostorg.github.io/clients/) ## Libraries - [amberflutter](https://github.com/sebdeveloper6952/amberflutter) - A Flutter wrapper for Amber (Offline Signer). - [arduino-nostr](https://github.com/lnbits/arduino-nostr) - An Arduino nostr library. - [dart NDK](https://github.com/relaystr/ndk)  - Nostr Development Kit for dart applications - [dart_nostr](https://github.com/anasfik/nostr) - A developer experience Dart library for Nostr - [dart-nostr](https://github.com/ethicnology/dart-nostr) - a Dart library for Flutter - [go-nostr](https://github.com/fiatjaf/go-nostr) - a Go library that implements relay management, plus event encoding and signing utils - [mostro-core](https://github.com/MostroP2P/mostro-core)  - common types used by mostro and clients (WIP) - [navigatr](https://github.com/coracle-social/navigatr) - A utility for discovering relays and scraping events - [NIP-44](https://github.com/paulmillr/nip44) - NIP44 spec and implementations of encrypted messages for nostr - [nip07-awaiter](https://github.com/penpenpng/nip07-awaiter) - Minimal utility to access NIP-07 interface safely. - [nmostr](https://github.com/Gruruya/nmostr) - a Nim library for Nostr - [NNostr.Client](https://github.com/Kukks/NNostr) - a C# Nostr library for use by clients - [noscrypt](https://github.com/vnuge/noscrypt) - A C89 library for nostr specific cryptography operations. - [nostr_rust](https://github.com/0xtlt/nostr_rust) - Functional Rust implementation of the nostr protocol - [nostr-bot](https://github.com/slaninas/nostr-bot) - a Rust library for writing bots - [nostr-connect](https://github.com/nostr-connect/connect) - Nostr Connect SDK for TypeScript is a library that allows you to easily integrate Nostr Connect into your web application - [nostr-deno](https://github.com/KiPSOFT/nostr-deno) - a client library for Deno javascript runtime. - [nostr-development-kit - NDK](https://github.com/nostr-dev-kit/ndk) - NDK is a nostr development kit that makes the experience of building Nostr-related applications, whether they are relays, clients, or anything in between, better, more reliable. - [nostr-double-ratchet](https://github.com/mmalmi/nostr-double-ratchet) - Signal-style secure private messaging channels - [nostr-fetch](https://github.com/jiftechnify/nostr-fetch) - A utility library that allows JS/TS apps to effortlessly fetch past events from Nostr relays. - [nostr-geotags](https://github.com/sandwichfarm/nostr-geotags) - NPM module that generates geotags for nostr events given data points such as GPS/DD, an ISO-3166-1 countryCode and/or an ISO-3166-2 regionName, as well as many passthroughts. Supports ISO-3166-1/2/3 - [nostr-hooks](https://github.com/ostyjs/nostr-hooks) - React hooks for developing Nostr clients. It's simple and intelligent. - [nostr-java](https://github.com/tcheeric/nostr-java) - A nostr client library, written in java, for generating, signing and publishing events. - [nostr-js](https://github.com/jb55/nostr-js) - a javascript implementation of the nostr protocol - [nostr-one](https://github.com/dolu89/nostr-one) - A reusable web component that provides a simple way to integrate with nostr NIP 98 HTTP Auth. - [nostr-php](https://github.com/swentel/nostr-php) - a PHP library for nostr - [nostr-react](https://github.com/t4t5/nostr-react) - React Hooks for Nostr - [nostr-relay-inspector](https://github.com/dskvr/nostr-relay-inspector) - A library that returns useful information about relays based on nostr-js - [nostr-relay](https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay) - A typescript library that helps you easily build your customized Nostr relay. - [nostr-relaypool-ts](https://github.com/adamritter/nostr-relaypool-ts) - a TypeScript relay pool library on top of nostr-tools that simplifies handling subscriptions to multiple servers - [nostr-ruby](https://github.com/dtonon/nostr-ruby) - a Ruby implementation of the nostr protocol - [nostr-spring-boot-starter](https://github.com/theborakompanioni/nostr-spring-boot-starter) - Spring boot starter projects for building Nostr applications. - [nostr-tools](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nostr-tools) - a JavaScript client that abstracts the relay management code for use by clients - [nostr-ts](https://github.com/franzos/nostr-ts) - a Typescript implementation of the nostr protocol plus toys - [nostr-typedef](https://github.com/penpenpng/nostr-typedef) - Type definition files to develop Nostr applications in TypeScript - [nostr-types](https://github.com/mikedilger/nostr-types) - a rust library defining types useful for the nostr protocol - [nostr](https://github.com/wilsonsilva/nostr) - a Ruby Nostr gem for use by clients - [Nostra](https://github.com/lontivero/Nostra) - a F# library, available as a NuGet package, for interacting with relays. Nostra relay is built on top of it too. - [nostrclient](https://github.com/duozhutuan/nostrclient)- Nostr python client library - [NostrKit](https://github.com/cnixbtc/NostrKit) - a Swift library for interacting with relays - [NostrPostr](https://github.com/Giszmo/NostrPostr) - a Kotlin Nostr library for clients or relays - [notemine](https://github.com/sandwichfarm/notemine) [demo](https://sandwichfarm.github.io/notemine) - A wasm note miner written in rust - [Osty](https://github.com/ostyjs/create-osty) - [npm create osty@latest](https://www.npmjs.com/package/create-osty) - Osty on NPM - [osty.dev](https://osty.dev) - Landing Website of Osty - [paravel](https://github.com/coracle-social/paravel)  - an abstract toolkit for writing nostr clients. - [pynostr](https://github.com/holgern/pynostr) - a python library for nostr - [python-nostr](https://github.com/jeffthibault/python-nostr) - a python library for making clients - [relayer](https://github.com/fiatjaf/relayer) - a server framework for writing custom relays - [rust-nostr](https://github.com/rust-nostr/nostr): * Nostr protocol implementation: * Rust: https://crates.io/crates/nostr * Kotlin: [`io.github.rust-nostr:nostr`](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/io.github.rust-nostr/nostr/) * Swift: https://github.com/rust-nostr/nostr-swift * Python: https://pypi.org/project/nostr-protocol * High-level client library: * Rust: https://crates.io/crates/nostr-sdk * Kotlin: [`io.github.rust-nostr:nostr-sdk`](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/io.github.rust-nostr/nostr-sdk/) * Swift: https://github.com/rust-nostr/nostr-sdk-swift * Python: https://pypi.org/project/nostr-sdk - [rx-nostr](https://github.com/penpenpng/rx-nostr) - Supports high quality and flexible communication with multiple Nostr relays. - [schorr_snap](https://github.com/neeboo/schnorr_snap) - A snap plugin for Metamask Flask, supports nostr - [sonos](https://github.com/bvcxza/sonos)- C++ library and command line tool for Nostr ## Bridges and Gateways - [atomstr](https://git.sr.ht/~psic4t/atomstr) - RSS/Atom gateway to Nostr. Live at [https://atomstr.data.haus](https://atomstr.data.haus) - [matrix-nostr-bridge](https://github.com/8go/matrix-nostr-bridge) - a simple Matrix-to-Nostr or Nostr-to-Matrix bridge - [Mostr](https://gitlab.com/soapbox-pub/mostr) - a bridge between Nostr and the Fediverse (Mastodon, ActivityPub, etc.) - [Nostr over LoRa](https://github.com/geoffwhittington/meshtastic-bridge)  - a gateway that can relay off-grid [Meshtastic](https://meshtastic.org) messages to NoStr. - [nostr-to-rss ](https://github.com/gustavonmartins/nostr-to-rss) - nostr to RSS bridge, enabling you to subscribe to nostr events in RSS clients - [nostr-to-rss](https://nostr-to-rss.deno.dev/) - live instance - [NostrBridge](https://github.com/duozhutuan/NostrBridge/) - NostrBridge provides two core features aimed at facilitating WebSocket connection forwarding and message forwarding under the Nostr protocol. - [nostrss](https://github.com/Asone/nostrss) - A flexible and lightweight application to broadcast RSS feeds on Nostr - [rssnotes](https://github.com/trinidz/rssnotes)  - RSS/Atom to Nostr relay. Fork of [rsslay](https://github.com/piraces/rsslay). - [smtp nostr gateway ](https://github.com/Cameri/smtp-nostr-gateway) - a bridge that forwards emails to pubkeys as encrypted direct messages ## Cache services - [Primal](https://github.com/PrimalHQ/primal-caching-service) - Caching service for Nostr connects to the specified set of relays, collects all events in real time, stores them locally, and makes them available to nostr clients through a web socket-based API. ## Tools - [advanced-nostr-search](https://advancednostrsearch.vercel.app/) - A tool to search Nostr notes. - [anonroom](https://github.com/vinliao/anonroom) - anonymous chat room inside nostr - [Bech32 for Nostr](https://nostr.xport.top/bech32-for-nostr/) - bech32 Nostr converter. - [blogsync](https://github.com/canostrical/blogsync) - Self-host blog articles from long-form notes e.g. via Caddy server. - [cafe-society.news](https://github.com/colealbon/cafe-society) - Self-sovereign machine learning training tool for nostr global feed. Trained models can be monetized/distributed over nostr private messages. Your pre-paid model subscribers register via lightning payments. - [Chief](https://github.com/0xtrr/chief) - A Strfry write policy plugin that provides blacklists for public keys, event kinds and words/sentences. - [Cloud Seeder](https://github.com/ipv6rslimited/cloudseeder) - A 1-click deployment and management tool for nostr-rs-relay and other appliances. - [contact cloud](https://github.com/canostrical/contact_cloud) - Discover the Nostr contact list graph and your own pubkey in it. - [Contact list backup](https://nostr.xport.top/contact-list-backup/) - Backup and restore your contacts - [Embed widget](https://embed.nostr.band) - Embed Nostr notes or profiles into any website with just a line of code. - [git-nostr-tools](http://git.jb55.com/git-nostr-tools) - A cli tool for sending code patches over nostr - [git-nostr](https://github.com/colealbon/git-nostr) - A tool to enhance git cli with nostr communications. Publish patch content, prs, repo name, issues, etc to nostr relay. - [granary](https://github.com/snarfed/granary) - Convert nostr content into atom, html, rss, json, indieweb feed, mastodon, microformats2, activitystreams, activitypub/fediverse, jsonfeed, and bluesky's atproto all with web and rest-api. - [granary.io](https://granary.io/) - live instance - [heyxynip5](https://github.com/bennyhodl/hexynip5) - A CLI helper for converting nostr npub/nsec to their hex format for NIP-05 verification. - [homebrew-nostr](https://github.com/nostorg/homebrew-nostr) - Homebrew tap for Nostr software. - [hostr](https://github.com/studiokaiji/nostr-webhost) - nostr-webhost is a tool for hosting SPA on nostr - [http-nostr-publisher](https://github.com/getAlby/http-nostr-publisher) - A Cloudflare worker to publish Nostr events to relays through a non-blocking HTTP interface . - [keystr-rs](https://github.com/keystr/keystr-rs) - An application for managing Nostr keys. Written in Rust, with simple UI (Iced). - [knob](https://github.com/plantimals/knob) - command line tool to post text files to nostr - [LikZap](https://github.com/silencesoft/likzap) - A nostr bot to zap a note when you like it. - [lnpass](https://lnpass.github.io) - A key manager for Lightning and nostr. - [metadata_updater](https://github.com/UTXOnly/metadata_updater) - Scans all known online nostr relays for stale kind 0 metadata notes, rebroadcasts latest verified note - [NAKE](https://tsukemonogit.github.io/nake-website/) - a browser extension to easily convert between Nostr hex IDs and NIP-19 entities. - [nashboard](https://github.com/vinliao/nashboard) - a Nostr network dashboard with network statistics, reachable [here](https://nashboard.space/) - [ndxstr](https://github.com/ArcadeCity/ndxstr) - nostr's layer 2 indexing nodes, with more advanced querying capability than currently supported by relays - [nip06-cli](https://github.com/jaonoctus/nip06-cli) - a Node.js CLI to generate or restore NIP-06 seed phrases - [nip06-web](https://github.com/jaonoctus/nip06-web) - a website to generate or restore NIP-06 seed phrases - [nip06.jaonoct.us](https://nip06.jaonoct.us) - by jaonoctus - [NIPF](https://github.com/nextdebug/nipf) - A Python facilities manager for NOSTR ecosystem. - [njump](https://github.com/fiatjaf/njump) - a nostr static gateway, it displays notes and other stuff from inside nostr as HTML with previews. - [nkcli](https://github.com/mdzz-club/nkcli) - A CLI tool for nostr key manage and serve NIP-46. - [nos2x - nostr signer extension](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nos2x) - a browser extension for signing events on 3rd party site without sharing your private keys with them - [nosdump](https://github.com/jiftechnify/nosdump) - A command line tool which dumps (download) events stored in Nostr relays - [Nosflare's Send It](https://github.com/Spl0itable/nosflare/blob/main/send-it.js) - A nostr cloudflare workers proxy relay that publishes to all known relays using nostr.watch API. - [noshtastic](https://github.com/ksedgwic/noshtastic)(https://github.com/blakejakopovic/nostcat) - A Geo-Specific Virtual Nostr Relay for Meshtastic - [nostcat](https://github.com/blakejakopovic/nostcat) - cat-like nostr client for scripting and debugging written in Rust - [nostpy-cli](https://github.com/UTXOnly/nostpy-cli) - A Python command line nostr client/tool for relay development - [Nostr action](https://github.com/snow-actions/nostr) - Send events from GitHub Actions - [nostr army knife](https://nak.nostr.com/) - nostr army knife by fiatjaf - [Nostr Follow Organizer](https://tsukemonogit.github.io/NFO/) - A tool to organize people you follow - [nostr GitHub Action](https://github.com/theborakompanioni/nostr-action) - send events from GitHub Actions - [Nostr NIP-36 Image Redirector](https://github.com/ryogrid/NostrNIP36ImageRedirector) - Reverse proxy server which blocks accesses to NIP-36 marked image files from NOT NIP-36 compliant clients. - [Nostr profile manager](https://metadata.nostr.com/) - Backup your nostr profile and metadata - [nostr registry](https://codeberg.org/rsbondi/nostr-registry) - a database of known relays with their uptime and NIP support tables - [nostr_simple_publish](https://www.drupal.org/project/nostr_simple_publish/) - Drupal module to publish content to Nostr. - [nostr-badges](https://github.com/neilck/nostr-badges) - Nostr badge microservice for managing self-awarded badges. Live at [app.akaprofiles.com](https://app.akaprofiles.com) - [nostr-broadcast](https://github.com/leesalminen/nostr-broadcast) - This tool lets you take your events from some relays and broadcast them to another relay. Could help back up your notes to a private relay. - [nostr-bulk-dms](https://github.com/leesalminen/nostr-bulk-dm) - A tool that allows you to send DMs over nostr to many recipients in bulk. - [nostr-cln-events](http://git.jb55.com/nostr-cln-events) - A CLN plugin to push clightning node events to nostr - [nostr-commander](https://github.com/8go/nostr-commander-rs) - simple but convenient CLI-based Nostr app for following users, sending DMs, etc. - [nostr-components](https://github.com/saiy2k/nostr-components) - Nostr Components makes it easy to embed Nostr profiles, posts, and follow buttons in any website - [nostr-crdt](https://github.com/YousefED/nostr-crdt)  - Use Nostr for collaborative, decentralized, local-first applications with nostr-CRDT Yjs provider. - [nostr-delete](https://github.com/blakejakopovic/nostr_delete) - generate delete events requesting relays drop and delete content you've published. Blasts out delete requests to many relays. - [nostr-delete web app](https://nostr-delete.vercel.app/) - [nostr-follow-bundler](https://github.com/leesalminen/nostr-follow-bundler) This tool lets you create lists of profiles that other users can then see and follow themselves. - [nostr-fzf](https://github.com/Cameri/nostr-fzf) - Nostr Directory; a tool for searching usernames and channels - [nostr-launch](https://codeberg.org/rsbondi/nostr-launch) - a tool for launching a bunch of relays and clients locally for development and testing - [nostr-notification-server](https://github.com/mmalmi/nostr-notification-server) - Rust & LMDB server for sending event notifications to webhooks and web push endpoints - [nostr-notify](https://github.com/jb55/nostr-notify) - desktop nostr notifications using libnotify - [nostr-post-checker](https://github.com/koteitan/nostr-post-checker) - check if event exists on relays - [nostr-post-checker](https://koteitan.github.io/nostr-post-checker/) - live instance - [nostr-proxy](https://github.com/dolu89/nostr-proxy) - Push and get events to your Proxy, get results from multiple Nostr relays. - [nostr-rs-relay-compose](https://github.com/vdo/nostr-rs-relay-compose) - a Docker compose deployment for nostr-rs-relay with SSL support based on Traefik - [nostr-share-component](https://tsukemonogit.github.io/nostr-share-component/) - A custom web component that can be embedded into any web page to easily add a share button for Nostr. - [nostr-spam-detection](https://github.com/blakejakopovic/nostr-spam-detection) - An experiment in building a machine learning model to label Nostr spam content for filtering and relay rejection. - [nostr-terminal](https://github.com/cmdruid/nostr-terminal) - SSH-like access to your machine via web terminal, powered by Nostr. - [nostr-tool](https://github.com/0xtrr/nostr-tool) - Rust CLI tool to generate and publish events - [nostr-wtf](https://github.com/LightningK0ala/nostr-wtf) - A set of nostr tools available and deployed on a web app including a [pubkey converter](https://lightningk0ala.github.io/nostr-wtf/) and [relay query tool](https://lightningk0ala.github.io/nostr-wtf/query). - [nostr.directory](https://github.com/pseudozach/nostr.directory) - searchable database of nostr users and their other social media links. - [nostr.guru](https://nostr.guru/) - a nostr web gateway for viewing events by their ID - [nostr.io](https://nostr.io/) - network statistics with last published notes, top 50 publishers, and top 50 followed users - [nostr.json generator](https://github.com/SnowCait/nostr-json-generator) - Generate NIP-05 nostr.json from NIP-65 or NIP-07 - [NostrAirTracker](https://github.com/gourcetools/NostrAirTracker) - Elonjet on Nostr - [nostrame](https://github.com/Anderson-Juhasc/nostrame) - Nostr Signer and Account Management Extension - [nostrandom.netlify.app](https://nostrandom.netlify.app/) - generate publish-able Nostr event with random keys - [nostrefresh](https://github.com/melvincarvalho/nostrefresh) - simple refresh function for nostr web pages - [nostrends](https://github.com/akiomik/nostrends) - Trending on Nostr, like Twitter trends. Live at [nostrends.vercel.app](https://nostrends.vercel.app). - [nostreq](https://github.com/blakejakopovic/nostreq) - Nostr relay event request generator - [NostrFlu](https://heguro.github.io/nostr-following-list-util/) - A tool to collect and resend following lists from relays. You can also check badges. - [NostrHTTP](https://github.com/duozhutuan/NostrHTTP) - Access Nostr Relay content through the HTTP protocol, addressing the issue of search engine indexing and access to Nostr data. - [nostri.chat](https://nostri.chat/) - An embedded chat widget for your website. (seriously simple like copy/paste) - [nostrich.fun](https://nostrich.fun) - A feature-rich directory of nostr projects. A fork of [LightningNetworkStores.com](https://lightningnetworkstores.com) - [nostrify](https://github.com/joelklabo/nostrify) - A Core Lightning plugin that sends events (forwards, connect, disconnect, etc.) to nostr. - [nostril](https://github.com/jb55/nostril) - C cli tool for creating nostr events - [nostrillery](https://github.com/Cameri/nostrillery) - a tool for running performance tests against Nostr relays - [nostrit-push](https://nostrit.com/push) - Blaster tool that will take a signed nostr event and push it to many (most?) open relays. - [nostrit](https://nostrit.com/) - A tool to publish time-delayed nostr events based on triggers. - [nostro](https://github.com/r3drun3/nostro) - nostr osint (open source intelligence) tool - [NostrP2P](https://github.com/ryogrid/nostrp2p) - Pure peer-to-peer distributed microblog system on NAT transparent overlay network implemented in Golang based on idea of Nostr - [NostrReply](https://github.com/gourcetools/nostreply) - Bot that replies to specified text on nostr global feed using NIP50 - [NostrSwap](https://www.nostrswap.com/) - NostrSwap is a fully decentralized exchange built on Nostr Protocol. - [NostrTool](https://nostrtool.com/) - a tool to play with keys. - [nostrview](https://nostrview.com) - A nostr search engine. Search by content, tags, events or pub keys. - [novia](https://github.com/teamnovia/novia) - Nostr video archive - [nsecbunkerd](https://github.com/kind-0/nsecbunkerd) - Keep your nostr keys in a single place and provide fine-grained access to your team members. - [Obsidian Nostr Writer](https://github.com/jamesmagoo/nostr-writer#readme) - A free Obsidian plugin that allows writers to seamlessly publish to Nostr - [osint-user-discovery](https://github.com/Inforensics/osint-user-discovery) - OSINT Discovery is a set of Python scripts designed to search for users or URLs across different social media platforms(nostr, mastodon) and caching services. - [powrelay.xyz](https://powrelay.xyz) - A proof of work-based nostr explorer. - [Replies](https://replies.nostrapps.org) - Nostr micro-app for viewing replies and reactions to events - [rss.nostr.band](https://rss.nostr.band) - Create custom RSS feeds with posts matching your keywords and consume using your favorite RSS reader. - [safebox](https://github.com/trbouma/safebox) - private portable safebox on nostr - [sb.nostr.band](https://sb.nostr.band) - Search bots that you can create and follow to receive new posts matching a keyword right into your feed. - [scoop-nostr](https://github.com/nostorg/scoop-nostr) - Scoop bucket for Nostr software. - [secret-border](https://github.com/guilhermegps/secret-border) - A safe Nostr identity generator. - [Sendbox](https://sendbox.nostrmo.com/) - A tool to help clients delayed publish your nostr event. - [SnapNostr](https://github.com/djhemath/snap-nostr) - Create clean, customizable screenshots of Nostr posts for seamless sharing. - [snapnostr.app](https://snapnostr.app/) - live instance - [Spamster](https://github.com/gourcetools/spamster) - Spamster is for testing relays and spam filters. - [strfry policies](https://gitlab.com/soapbox-pub/strfry-policies) - A collection of moderation & antispam policies for the strfry relay developed in TypeScript/Deno. - [TaskQ5](https://github.com/duozhutuan/Taskq5) - TaskQ5 is a task distribution platform built on nostr where you can post tasks if you need help - [tostr](https://github.com/slaninas/tostr) - a twitter to nostr bot - [Undelete my Nostr](https://yonle.github.io/undelete-my-nostr) - Simple tool for restoring deleted nostr account. - [Zapounty](https://github.com/ZigBalthazar/zapounty) - A GitHub app that let you to put bounties for developers to fix issues on a repo, paid in zaps! - [Zapper](https://zapper.nostrapps.org) - Nostr micro-app for zapping - [YEGHRO unFollow Tool](https://unfollow.yeghro.com) - A tool that allows you to unfollow inactive users on nostr. - [NADAR](https://nadar.tigerville.no/) - A tool to find which relays have a note (`nevent`). Discovers relays with soon deprecated nostr.watch API. - [NADAR 2.0](https://nadar.sandwich.farm) - A tool to find which relays have a note (`nevent` or `naddr`). Discovers relays with NIP-66. ## NIP-05 identity services - [bitcoiner.chat](https://bitcoiner.chat) - A free NIP-05 ID registration service. - [easyNostr-NIP05](https://wordpress.org/plugins/easynostr-nip05/) - WordPress plugin to enable your site as a NIP-05 endpoint for every registered user on your system using your domain. - [easyNostr](https://easyNostr.com) - NIP-05 ID provider: Use your own domain, or one of ours: nostr.ly, mynostr.io, easyNostr.com. - [getalby.com](https://getalby.com/) - Lightning wallet with NIP-05 ID registration service. - [iris.to](https://iris.to) - A Nostr client that provides a free NIP-05 ID - [lifpay.me](https://lifpay.me) - Lightning wallet with NIP-05 ID registration service. - [nanostr](https://github.com/xbol0/nanostr) - A NIP-05 name server written in Deno. - [Nostr-Check.com](https://nostr-check.com) - A free NIP-05 ID registration service. - [NostrAddress.com](https://nostraddress.com) - Free and Paid Nostr Address (NIP-05) identifier service with premium relay and vanity domains. - [nostrcheck.me](https://nostrcheck.me/) - A free NIP-05 ID (nostr address) registration service, lightning redirection and media uploads. - [Nostrich House](https://nostrich.house) - Paid NIP-05 service with nostr bot interface. Buy your nostr address with DM to nostrich@nostrich.house for 1 sat/hour, anonymous, immediate. - [nostrich.love](https://uselessshit.co/nostr/nip-05/) - A Nostr Address registration service. - [nostrplebs](https://nostrplebs.com) - A NIP-05 ID registration service. - [nostrprotocol.net](https://github.com/KiPSOFT/nostr-nip05-service) - A free NIP-05 identifier service. - [pleroma2nip05](https://code.taurix.net/guy/pleroma2nip05) - A Python based service to link pleroma ID's to nostr keys. - [siamstr.com](https://siamstr.com) - A free NIP-05 ID registration service, lightning redirection. - [younostr.com](https://younostr.com) - A NIP-05 ID registration service (in portuguese). - [hunos.hu](https://hunos.hu) - Free NIP-05 identity for the Hungarian community. - [zaps.lol](https://zaps.lol)  - A free and open source NIP-05 ID registration service. [Run your own](https://github.com/jigglycrumb/nostr-address-provider). ## Offline signers - [amber](https://github.com/greenart7c3/amber) - Amber is a nostr event signer for Android. It allows users to keep their nsec segregated in a single, dedicated app. The goal of Amber is to have your smartphone act as a NIP-46 signing device without any need for servers or additional hardware. "Private keys should be exposed to as few systems as possible as each system adds to the attack surface," as the rationale of said NIP states. In addition to native apps, Amber aims to support all current nostr web applications without requiring any extensions or web servers. - [keechain](https://github.com/yukibtc/keechain) - Bitcoin application to transform your offline computer in an AirGap Signing Device (aka Hardware Wallet) with support to `NIP-06` and `NIP-26`. - [nostr-signing-device](https://github.com/lnbits/nostr-signing-device) - Signing device for Nostr built on ESP32 - [nostrum](https://github.com/nostr-connect/nostrum) - Nostrum it's a mobile app that allows you to sign transactions and messages with your Nostr keys. Nostrum is the reference implementation for a remote signer app (ie. Wallet) of the Nostr Connect protocol. ## Vanity pubkey mining - [glasnostr](https://github.com/eyelight/glasnostr)  - CLI tool to mine a vanity prefix for your nostr npub - [go-pubmine](https://github.com/tenkoh/go-pubmine)  - Multithreading nostr keypair generator which gives pretty (vanity) public keys. Both CLI and web apps are available. - [key-generator](https://github.com/TP-Lab/key-generator)  - A simple tool to generate nostr keypair. - [noclvag](https://codeberg.org/alex0jsan/noclvag) - OpenCL cli tool to mine vanity keys on gpu - [nostr-pubminer](https://github.com/lacaulac/nostr-pubminer) - A simple tool to mine nostr vanity pubkeys - [nostr-vanity-address-generator](https://github.com/chawyehsu/nostr-vanity-address-generator)  - Cross-platform nostr vanity address generator - [nostr.rest](https://nostr.rest) - Mine proof of work public keys with user-specified prefixes - [nostrogen](https://github.com/tonyinit/nostrogen) - simple web-based nostr vanity address generator - [powpub](https://lab.oak-node.net/powpub) - A decentralized protocol to buy Nostr vanity pubkeys or sell hashrate - [WebLN demo](https://lab.oak-node.net/powpub/uv/wasm-client/) - Simple web demo where clients can pay with WebLN - [rana](https://github.com/grunch/rana) - Vanity pubkey miner based on nip13 ## Peer-to-peer markets - [crusty-n3xb](https://github.com/nobu-maeda/crusty-n3xb)  - Rust library implementing the n3xB Bitcoin exchange protocol - [mostro-cli](https://github.com/MostroP2P/mostro-cli)  - CLI client to operate with Mostro (WIP) - [mostro-web](https://github.com/MostroP2P/mostro-web)  - Web client to operate with Mostro (WIP) - [mostro](https://github.com/MostroP2P/mostro)  - Daemon for Lightning Network peer-to-peer exchange platform on Nostr (WIP) - [n3xB](https://github.com/nobu-maeda/n3xb)  - Proposal for a Bitcoin exchange protocol and a globally shared order book on Nostr ## NIP-07 Browser extensions Allow you to sign Nostr events on web-apps without having to give them your keys - [Aka Profiles](https://github.com/neilck/aka-extension) - Nostr Signing Extension for Chrome supporting multiple key pairs based on nos2x. - [Alby](https://getalby.com) - Bitcoin Lightning app with nostr support - [Blockcore](https://github.com/block-core/blockcore-wallet) - Multi wallet browser extension with nostr support - [horse](https://github.com/fiatjaf/horse) - hardware remote nostr event signer with webserial - [Keys.Band](https://keys.band) - Multi-key Nostr signing extension for Chrome with a sleak UI/UX. Based on NOS2X. - [NIP-07 Signing Extension Tester](https://github.com/neilck/nip07-tester) - This Next.js app tests NIP-07, showing supported functions and raw results for the current signing extension. - [nodestr](https://github.com/lightning-digital-entertainment/nodestr) - A nip07 provider and polyfill for NodeJS - [nos2x-fox](https://diegogurpegui.com/nos2x-fox/) - A Firefox add-on that lets you manager your Nostr keys in one place, and then sign events in websites without exposing your private key - [nos2x](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nos2x) - Nostr Signer Extension - [Nostore on GitHub](https://github.com/ursuscamp/nostore) - Nostr Signer Extension for iOS/macOS Safari ([Nostore on Mac App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/nostore/id1666553677)) - [nostr-keyx](https://github.com/susumuota/nostr-keyx) - A NIP-07 browser extension that uses the OS's keychain or YubiKey to protect your private keys. - [nostr](https://github.com/jinglescode/nostr-password-manager) - A free, open source, and decentralized password manager, powered by NOSTR - [nostrame](https://github.com/Anderson-Juhasc/nostrame) - Nostr Signer and Account Management Extension - [nowser](https://github.com/haorendashu/nowser) - A secure nostr key management and signing app for iOS and Android that supports NIP-07, NIP-46 and NIP-55 - [OneKey](https://onekey.so) - Open-source crypto wallet with nosrt support. - [Signum XT Wallet](https://github.com/signum-network/signum-xt-wallet) - Metamask-like browser extension for Signum blockchain with full NIP07 support and multi-account management - [Spring Browser](https://spring.site) - Nostr-focused browser app for Android. - [TokenPocket](https://github.com/TP-Lab/TokenPocket) - Multi wallet browser extension with nostr support. https://tokenpocket.pro - [wen](https://github.com/fiatjaf/wen) - browser extension for website enhancer with nostr ## NIP-47 Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) implementations Clients (apps using NWC to access a LN wallet) - [Alby Go](https://albygo.com) - A simple lightning mobile wallet interface that works great with Alby Hub. - [Amethyst](https://github.com/vitorpamplona/amethyst) - Android-only app - [Damus](https://damus.io/) - The OG nostr client for iOS - [Lume](https://lume.nu) - Cross-platform desktop app - [nostrcheck-server](https://github.com/quentintaranpino/nostrcheck-server) - server with relay, File Hosting, Nostr Address, Lightning Redirects, NWC and WoT. - [Nostrmo](https://github.com/haorendashu/nostrmo) - A flutter nostr client for Android, IOS, MacOS, Windows, Web and Linux. - [nostter](https://github.com/SnowCait/nostter) - Twitter-like web client - [Nostur](https://nostur.com) - A nostr client for iPhone and macOS - [Spring Browser](https://spring.site) - Nostr-focused browser app for Android. - [YakiHonne](https://yakihonne.com/yakihonne-mobile-app) - iOS and Android app - [Yana](https://github.com/frnandu/yana) - Yana is a nostr client focused on performance in slower devices and modularity of features. - [yana.do](https://yana.do) Endpoints (services or apps that expose a LN wallet via NWC) - [Alby NWC (Umbrel)](https://apps.umbrel.com/app/alby-nostr-wallet-connect) - Umbrel app for exposing your self-custodial Umbrel LN Wallet over NWC - [Alby NWC (Web)](https://nwc.getalby.com/) - Web portal for exposing your custodial Alby account over NWC - [Mutiny](https://www.mutinywallet.com) - Self-custodial LN wallet that runs in the browser - [Rizful](https://rizful.com) - Cloud lightning node with NWC support ## NIP-57 Zaps compatible wallets and solutions - [Alby](https://getalby.com) - Bitcoin Lightning app with nostr support - [Bipa](https://bipa.app/) - User-friendly Bitcoin wallet for buying and selling bitcoin with lightning and pix support - [Blink](https://www.blink.sv/) - Blink (ex Bitcoin Beach Wallet) - [btcpayserver](https://btcpayserver.org/) - btcpayserver has NIP-57 support for LN addresses since 1.9 version - [Current](https://app.getcurrent.io/) - nostr client + lightning wallet - [LifPay](https://lifpay.me) - Bitcoin Lightning app with personalized features - [LNbits](https://github.com/lnbits/lnbits) - Bitcoin Lightning accounting system, zappable LNaddresses - [nostdress](https://github.com/believethehype/nostdress) - Lightning addresses server based on satdress. Adapted to work with Nostr features (NIP05, NIP57) - [Wallet of Satoshi](https://www.walletofsatoshi.com/) - Custodial lightning wallet - [zap_server](https://github.com/UTXOnly/zap_server) - An LNURL server to recieve zaps to tor hosted node and generate kind 9735 zap receipt events - [Zebedee app](https://zebedee.io/app) - Zebedee's wallet/lightning app - [ZeusLN](https://github.com/ZeusLN/zeus) - A mobile Bitcoin/Lightning app for LND, Core Lightning, and Eclair node operators ## NIP-90 Data vending machines - [data vending machine example](https://github.com/pablof7z/nostr-data-vending-machine) - Nostr data vending machine example by Pablof7z - [data-vending-machines.org](https://www.data-vending-machines.org/) - This website provides specs of the different NIP-90 Data Vending Machine kinds - [DVM Clients and Services Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAuLnNxU0Yg) - Nostr Data Vending Machine Clients and Services Tutorial by Kody Low - [DVMCP: Data Vending Machine Context Protocol](https://github.com/gzuuus/dvmcp) - DVMCP is a bridge implementation that connects Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers to Nostr's Data Vending Machine ecosystem - [DVMDash](https://dvmdash.live/) - Monitoring & debugging tool for data vending machines; tracks dvm performance and payments - [dvm references](https://github.com/pablof7z/dvm-references/) - reference implementation of a DVM (Data Vending Machine) backend - [ezdvm](https://github.com/dtdannen/ezdvm) - Quickly put any python code in a DVM! Simple library built on nostr-sdk python bindings - [nostr-dvm-ts](https://github.com/Kodylow/nostr-dvm-ts) - Typescript examples of Nostr Data Vending Machines - [NostrDVM](https://github.com/believethehype/nostrdvm) - NostrDVM: Nostr NIP90 Data Vending Machine Framework in python - [tasktiger.io](https://tasktiger.io/) - another DVM provider - [vendata.io](https://vendata.io/) - data processing AI marketplace with nostr data vending machines ## NIP-96 File Storage Servers - [mockingyou.com](https://mockingyou.com) - [nostpic](https://nostpic.com) - [nostr.build](https://nostr.build) - [nostrcheck.me](https://nostrcheck.me) - [NostrMedia.com](https://nostrmedia.com) - [sovbit](https://files.sovbit.host) ## Nostr Web Services (NWS) - [nws](https://github.com/asmogo/nws) - route TCP over Nostr relays ## Adjacent protocols - [Blossom](https://github.com/hzrd149/blossom) - Blobs stored simply on mediaservers ## Games on Nostr - [NostrDice](https://github.com/NostrDice/nostrdice) - NostrDice is a provably fair betting game combining the power of Lightning and Nostr. - Live: [app.nostrdice.com](https://app.nostrdice.com) ## Communities Outside of nostr itself, you find the community on: - [Discord](https://discord.gg/Pxkcgt9sMj) - a discord server for nostr enthusiasts and developers - [Matrix: nostrdev](https://chat.nostrdev.com) - a matrix server for nostr developers - [Reddit /r/nostr](https://www.reddit.com/r/nostr/) - subreddit for nostr related discussion - [Telegram: nostr Protocol](https://t.me/nostr_protocol) - telegram group for nostr protocol discussion - [Telegram: nostr CN](https://t.me/nostr_cn) - Chinese telegram group for nostr - [Telegram: nostr ES (Español/Spanish)](https://t.me/nostr_es) - Spanish telegram group for nostr - [Telegram: nostr FR (Francophone/French)](https://t.me/nostrfr) - french telegram group for nostr - [Telegram: nostr NL (Dutch, Nederlands)](https://t.me/nostrnederland) - Dutch nostr group - [Telegram: nostr Per/Fa (Iran,Afganistan,Tajikstan)](https://t.me/nostr_ir) Persian/Farsi nostr gorup - [Telegram: nostr RU/UA/BY](https://t.me/nostru_community) - an Eastern European community in telegram group for nostr - [Telegram: YakiHonne Daily Featured](https://t.me/YakiHonne_Daily_Featured/) - telegram group for YakiHonne discussions ## Tutorials - [Build your first nostr app](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qOVxq9lUbs) - Nostr Dev course by Super Testnet - [Reddit clone by Super Testnet - part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAK0mrY2_Ew),[part 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Pv940IEvTA) - building a reddit clone by Super Testnet - [How to set up a paid nostr relay](https://andreneves.xyz/p/how-to-setup-a-paid-nostr-relay) - [How to: Run your own nostr relay](https://nutcroft.com/blog/how-to-run-your-own-nostr-relay/) (nostr-rs-relay, Caddy, no Docker) - [Nostr Newcomers Most Common Questions and Answers](https://uselessshit.co/resources/nostr/) - [nostr workshop with super testnet](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbicnlCXg_Y) - [Set up a nostr relay server in under 5 minutes ](https://andreneves.xyz/p/set-up-a-nostr-relay-server-in-under) - [Step-by-Step guide to set up a relay on your server](https://github.com/BlockChainCaffe/Nostr-Relay-Setup-Guide) (AWS, DigitalOcean, RaspBerry... ) - [strfry personal relay](https://github.com/pjv/strfry_personal_docker) - 10 minute setup of a personal nostr relay on a vanilla Linux VPS. Adds support for NIP-65. - [SuperConductor](https://github.com/avlo/superconductor/?tab=readme-ov-file#creating-relay-event-handlers) - Creating Java Nostr-Relay Framework & Web Application event-handlers - [Set up a Lightning node and Nostr client](https://rizful.com/get_on_nostr_today) - Run a full lightning node in the cloud and connect it via NWC to the Yakihonne client - [Send a Hello World with Nostr](https://hellonostr.dev/) - “Hello Nostr” begginers guide using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript ## Recommended reading/watching - [Nostr, an introduction](https://wiki.wellorder.net/post/nostr-intro/) - written by scsibug - [Why I'm Betting Big On Nostr](https://hivemind.vc/nostr/) - written by Max Webster, Hivemind VC - [Why Nostr Matters](https://blog.lopp.net/why-nostr-matters/) - written by Jameson Lopp - [A vision for content discovery and relay usage for basic social-networking in Nostr](https://fiatjaf.com/3f106d31.html) - written by fiatjaf - [Nostr Documentary](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA-jiiepOrE) - Social Media is broken. Can we fix it? - [What is Nostr?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaxXvcr181c) - Uncle Bob explains nostr - [Decentralizing Global Markets with Nostr](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtpY_pQ3zcI) - Guy Swann and Pablof7z - [FEDSTR: Money-In AI-Out | A Decentralized Marketplace for Federated Learning and LLM Training on the NOSTR Protocol](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.15834) - written by Konstantinos E. Nikolakakis, George Chantzialexiou, Dionysis Kalogerias. - [Exploring the Nostr Ecosystem: A Study of Decentralization and Resilience](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.05709) - written by Yiluo Wei, Gareth Tyson. ## Podcasts - [Nostrovia Podcast](https://nostrovia.org/) - A Nostr podcast covering all the new projects, all the new cool stuff, all the new NIPs - [Nost talks](https://www.curiousdk.com/podcast) - Nostr related news and interviews - [Thank god for nostr](https://tgfb.com/podcasts/thank-god-for-nostr/) - The Thank God For Nostr podcast explores the ins and outs of Nostr, the decentralized social protocol, through a Christian lens - [La Cosa Nostr](https://tunein.com/podcasts/Technology-Podcasts/La-Cosa-Nostr---The-Decentralized-Network-p3709902/?topicId=338397586) - A podcast about the nostr decentralized communications protocol. - [No Strings](https://www.fountain.fm/show/jCajOVJfkIXAkAyqvmW6) - freedom tech podcast - [Plebchain Radio](https://fountain.fm/show/0N6GGdZuYNNG7ysagCg9) - weekly live audio show made for plebs, by plebs which focuses on the intersection of Nostr protocol and Bitcoin plebs. ## Other links - [awesome-nostr-japan](https://github.com/nostr-jp/awesome-nostr-japan) - awesome nostr japan - [awesome-nostr-possibilities](https://github.com/orthzar/awesome-nostr-possibilities) - Nostr will fail if it stays just another social media protocol. This repo lists ideas for non-social-media applications. - [inosta api](https://github.com/johnongit/INOSTA-Nostr-Img-Service) - Expensive Image Hosting Service - [api.inosta.cc](https://api.inosta.cc) - Backend live instance - [inosta.cc](https://inosta.cc) - Demonstrator live instance - [logseq-nostr-sync](https://github.com/KoalaSat/logseq-nostr-sync) - Logseq plugin to receive new entries as DM. - [Media caching server for Nostr](https://media.nostr.band) - caches resized profile pictures and banners to save bandwidth for clients - [njump.me](https://njump.me/) - hosted http gateway for browsing profiles, notes and relays - [nostr icons 2](https://github.com/SovrynMatt/Nostr-Website-Button-Design) - Another repository of nostr icons (rounded, rectangular) - [nostr icons](https://github.com/satscoffee/nostr_icons) - Purple, white, and black icons in various formats designed for nostr. - [nostr playground in Ruby](https://github.com/dtonon/nostr-ruby-playground) - [Nostr playground](https://github.com/SnowCait/nostr-playground) - JSON-based web client written in vanilla JavaScript - [nostr-book](https://github.com/adamdecaf/nostr-book) - NIPs compiled into a book - [nostr-logo](https://github.com/mbarulli/nostr-logo) - Logo and icons for the nostr protocol. - [nostr.build](https://nostr.build/) - nostr image uploader - [nostrability](https://github.com/nostrability/nostrability) - The practical documentation of how various nostr apps play together. - [ostrich.work](https://ostrich.work/) - nostr job board - [RSS feeds for news on Nostr](https://verityj.github.io/nostr-news-feeds)  - a curated list of news press channels RSS feeds that we can follow on Nostr - [search posts/profiles by keyword](https://nostr.band) - posts from major relays indexed and searchable in real-time - [Summaries of all Nostr Improvements Proposals](https://anchor.fm/s/d8e8d5a4/podcast/rss) - ChatGPT generated summaries of all NIPs by k00b - [Tracker for Undocumented Nostr Event Kinds](https://undocumented.nostrkinds.info/) - monitors undocumented event kinds in the nostr network - [vanilla-js-nostr](https://github.com/supertestnet/vanilla-js-nostr) - a demo of posting and viewing a feed in nostr using vanilla javascript - [wellorder nostr datasets](https://wiki.wellorder.net/wiki/nostr-datasets/) - Public standardized nostr datasets for benchmarking, data science, or other analysis. - [Zaplife](https://zaplife.lol) - Real-time feed for nostr zaps. The best tool to shut up the "lightning doesn't work" people. ## Deprecated - [Bija](https://github.com/BrightonBTC/bija) - A desktop client written in python. Currently Linux only - [branle](https://github.com/fiatjaf/branle) - a Twitter-like client that was discontinued but lives on in its fork "Astral". - [expensive relay](https://github.com/fiatjaf/expensive-relay) - a relay that requires payment for registration - [Flamingo](https://www.getflamingo.org) - Nostr browser extension with a focus on UX - [Hamstr](https://github.com/styppo/hamstr) - A twitter-style web client built with Vue.js - [hamstr.to](https://hamstr.to) - [Listr](https://github.com/sepehr-safari/listr)  - A Nostr Web Client for Making Lists. - [nodestr](https://github.com/Dolu89/nodestr-relay) - a Node.js implementation - [nostr-pass](https://github.com/plantimals/nostr-pass) - experimenting with nostr priv/pub key pairs for replacing passwords - [nostrpy](https://github.com/monty888/nostrpy) - relay, client, and other tooling in python (No longer being developed.) - [Nozzle](https://github.com/dluvian/Nozzle) - A lightweight Android client - [rsslay](https://github.com/piraces/rsslay) - fork of the rsslay by @fiatjaf. a bridge that puts RSS feeds into Nostr optimized, more funcionalities and UI improvements. Live at [rsslay.nostr.moe](https://rsslay.nostr.moe/) ## Related Resources To explore other aspects of the Bitcoin and freedom tech ecosystem, check out these additional resource directories: - [dlc.wiki](https://www.dlc.wiki) - Everything you need to know about Discreet Log Contracts (DLCs), an innovative Bitcoin smart contract technology. - [ungovernable.tech](https://ungovernable.tech) - A collection of resources on encryption, privacy tools, and decentralized technologies. - [pubky.tech](https://pubky.tech) - Pubky resources, libraries, tools and applications. Pubky is an open protocol for per-public-key backends for censorship resistant web applications - [lightning-network.tech](https://www.lightning-network.tech/) - A curated collection of essential tools, guides, and communities for Bitcoin Lightning Network node operators. - [liquidnetwork.wiki](https://liquidnetwork.wiki) - A curated list of Liquid Network resources, libraries, tools and applications - [ark-protocol.com](https://ark-protocol.com) - A directory of Ark protocol resources, libraries, tools and applications ## Contributing If you'd like to add something to this list, please submit a [Pull Request on GitHub](https://github.com/aljazceru/awesome-nostr/). This directory is maintained by [aljaz](https://disobey.dev/contact/). Your contributions help keep this information up-to-date and valuable. ## Contributors <a align="center" href="https://github.com/aljazceru/awesome-nostr/graphs/contributors"> <img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=aljazceru/awesome-nostr" /> </a>

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

{"coverurl":"https://cdn.nostrcheck.me/fd06f542bc6c06a39881810de917e6c5d277dfb51689a568ad7b7a548d6d54cd/1dd58d181d40edb7df942b5b16be3f82e95348a471d5a3620a9585f0af784fee.webp","title":"nostr资源收集","author":"nostrbook"}

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

- [首页](/readme.md) - [第一章、开发者指南](/01.md) - [第二章、使用教程](/02.md)

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

## nostrbook 技术框架 源代码在 github.com ``` git clone https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook cd nostrbook npm install npm run dev ``` * 网站主框架 vite + svelte * 网站浏览书框架 docsify ## 网站主框架 svelte 为主，daisyui （tailwindcss） css 。 页面的逻辑结构 都是 svelte搭建的， 采用了 layout 左侧菜单。 菜单代码 在 https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook/blob/main/src/lib/SideMenu.svelte 菜单里用了弹框登录，弹框的代码基本是问的 AI。 子页面和 路由器看sveltekit规则编写。 ### 书籍的数据 https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook/blob/main/src/lib/bookevent.ts 使用的nostr ndk 库来读写 relay。 书的 tag， 内容就是 标题，封面和作者。 ``` [ ['t',booktag], ['title',content['title']], ]; ``` ### 章节的数据 ``` [ ['t',chaptertag], ['title',title], ['d',filename + "-" + bookid], ['e',bookid], ]; ``` 这里面的 d，采用了 文件名 + bookid，所以每一本的章节名的文件名是唯一的。 ### 配置文件 src/lib/config.ts，主要配置 服务器的地址 * 图片文件 nip96 服务器 * relays 服务器 * book的tag ，测试和 release不一样。 如果自己部署独有的服务器也可以不一样。这样内容可以垂直。 ### 首页采用了缓冲机制 首页的内容来自 书籍的列表， 用booktag和30023来区分是不是书籍信息。 为了搜索引擎友好，让页面加载就有数据。 采用了 src/hooks.server.ts 预备加载数据，数据会被首页面 src/routes/+page.server.ts 传给 page.svelte去渲染。 这一切都是后台完成的。html页面加载的时候数据都已经渲染完成了。所以对搜索引擎非常友好。搞定了google，seo。 但是为了数据的完整性， 页面起来后会继续读取列表，这时候可能会显示最新的数据。

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

- [首页](/readme.md) - [第一章、 NIP-01: Basic protocol flow description](/01.md) - [第二章、 NIP-02: Follow List](/02.md) - [第三章、NIP-03: OpenTimestamps Attestations for Events](/03.md) - [第四章、NIP-04: Encrypted Direct Message](/04.md) - [第五章、NIP-05: Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers](/05.md) - [第六章、NIP-06: Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase](/06.md) - [第七章、NIP-07: window.nostr capability for web browsers](/07.md)

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Stari Grad, located on the northern coast of Hvar Island**, is one of the oldest towns in Europe, dating back to 384 BC. Unlike the party vibe of Hvar Town, Stari Grad offers a peaceful, authentic Dalmatian atmosphere with stone-paved streets, historic sites, and stunning coastal views. It’s also home to the UNESCO-listed Stari Grad Plain, an ancient agricultural landscape.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Stari Grad** ### **1️⃣ Stroll the Stari Grad Old Town 🏡** - Walk through **charming stone alleys** filled with **colorful shutters, old churches, and hidden courtyards**. - Visit **Tvrdalj Castle**, the **summer residence of the poet Petar Hektorović**, with a **serene fish pond** inside. - Enjoy the relaxed, **authentic Dalmatian vibe**, away from crowds. ### **2️⃣ Visit the UNESCO-Listed Stari Grad Plain 🌿** - One of **the best-preserved ancient Greek agricultural sites** in the world (since 384 BC). - Walk or cycle through the **vineyards, olive groves, and stone walls**, still in use today. - Great for **wine tasting** – local wines like **Bogdanuša and Plavac Mali** are a must-try! 🍷  ### **3️⃣ Relax at Stari Grad’s Best Beaches 🏖️** - **Lanterna Beach** – A mix of pebbles and concrete platforms, with crystal-clear waters. - **Maslinica Bay** – A quiet, pine-fringed beach perfect for a **peaceful swim**. - **Zlatni Rat (Golden Horn Beach)** – One of Croatia’s most famous beaches, a short ferry ride away. ### **4️⃣ Take a Boat Trip to the Pakleni Islands ⛵** - A group of **stunning, unspoiled islands** with hidden beaches and lagoons. - Perfect for **snorkeling, kayaking, and island-hopping adventures**.  ### **5️⃣ Try Local Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Gregada** – A traditional fish stew with potatoes and olive oil. - **Octopus salad** – Freshly caught and marinated in lemon & olive oil. - **Hvar wines** – Visit local wineries for **Bogdanuša, Pošip, and Plavac Mali tastings**. ### **6️⃣ Visit the Dominican Monastery ⛪** - A peaceful **monastery with an impressive collection of paintings and relics**. - Features **a painting by the famous Venetian artist Tintoretto**.  ## **🚗 How to Get to Stari Grad** ⛴️ **By Ferry:** - **From Split:** Direct car ferries to Stari Grad (2 hours). - **From Hvar Town:** 25-minute bus or taxi ride. ✈️ **By Air:** The nearest airport is **Split Airport (SPU)**, with ferry connections to Hvar. 🚘 **By Car:** If bringing a car, take the **Split–Stari Grad car ferry** (book in advance in summer).  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Stari Grad** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–September** for great weather & fewer crowds ☀️ ✅ **Stay overnight** – Stari Grad is much quieter and more authentic than Hvar Town 🌙 ✅ **Rent a bike** – The best way to explore Stari Grad Plain & surrounding beaches 🚲 ✅ **Bring water shoes** – Many beaches are rocky, but the water is incredibly clear 🩴 ✅ **Try a sunset walk along the promenade** – It’s breathtaking! 🌅

@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5

 For years, I’ve been shifting my life away from traditional systems and toward Bitcoin. I calculate my expenses in sats, buy airtime and online data with BTC, and continue exploring new ways to integrate Bitcoin into my daily life. While I’m not yet fully living on Bitcoin, I am getting closer with each step.  Since discovering Nostr, my perspective on decentralization has deepened. More than just a financial shift, it's a complete lifestyle transformation. Years ago, after facing injustice in my home country, I took the first step toward a new way of living. That decision led me to where I am today—a minimalist, a nomad, and a believer in financial freedom through Bitcoin.  I once served in the military, owned a house, and drove a nice car. My life looked very different back then. But over time, I realized that true freedom wasn’t in possessions—it was in mobility, independence, and the ability to control my own finances. Now, all I own fits into a backpack weighing less than 12 kg. My lifestyle is simple, yet rich in experiences. March 14 marks eight years since I embraced my nomadic lifestyle. What started as a leap into the unknown has become my way of life. Living with less has given me more—the freedom to move, to explore, and to be truly independent. The more I immerse myself in the Bitcoin ecosystem, the more I see its potential to reshape not only my life but the world around me.  The journey isn’t over. In fact, it’s just beginning. Let’s see where this path leads as I go further into the blockchain revolution!   

@ 000002de:c05780a7

I know I'm not alone in this. I don't trust the government. Any government. Its the rational response when you discover just how often its agents lie, steal, and kill. Honestly, I do not understand why so many people do trust the government. The reality is that if your team is in power, you tend to trust it. If not, you still mostly trust it but less so. That's my feel for most people at least. Trump and Rubio are bragging about how many MS-13 gang members are being deported. Many are being shipped to prisons in El Salvador. Obviously I am not opposed to criminals being put in prisons. But, how do we know these guys are actually guilty of anything other than being in the US illegally. Actually we don't even know that. It wouldn't be so bad if these people were just being shipped back to their home countries. But, instead they are getting sent straight to prison. No trial. Just the government picking people up and shipping them to prison. Is this what you signed up for Trump supporters? Many Trump supporters opposed the GW Bush policies of throwing people in off-shore prisons. Some of them US citizens. With no trial. Now these people seem rather silent. Its troubling to me. Why? Well, because the government sucks. Even if they have good intentions they make mistakes. The Innocence Project is just one group that has shown how often our legal system falsely imprisons people. I would be shocked if there weren't any Innocent men being sent to suffer in El Salvador's prisons. You may say, well these are bad dudes and we need to clean up the mess Biden made. I have sympathy for that position. But do we really want to set this president? TDS is real but it is valid to have concerns about the actions of the Trump admin. This is not the American way. Not the way I was taught at least. This is just a strong man taking action and disregarding the values of this nation and the rights of human beings. Think about it. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/931505

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Split is Croatia’s second-largest city and a perfect mix of ancient history, Mediterranean charm, and modern coastal vibes. Home to the UNESCO-listed Diocletian’s Palace, Split is a lively destination with beaches, great nightlife, and easy access to nearby islands** like Hvar, Brač, and Vis.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Split** ### **1️⃣ Explore Diocletian’s Palace (UNESCO) 🏰** - A **massive Roman palace**, built in the **4th century** by Emperor Diocletian. - Today, it’s **a living city**, filled with **cafés, shops, and hidden alleys**. - Visit **Peristyle Square**, the **Cathedral of St. Domnius**, and the **Temple of Jupiter**. - **Game of Thrones fans** – Many scenes were filmed here! 🎬  ### **2️⃣ Climb the Bell Tower of St. Domnius ⛪** - Offers **panoramic views** of Split and the Adriatic Sea. - One of the **oldest Catholic cathedrals still in use**, dating back to Roman times. ### **3️⃣ Stroll the Riva Promenade 🌊** - The heart of Split’s waterfront, lined with **palm trees, cafés, and bars**. - Perfect for **sunset walks and people-watching**. ### **4️⃣ Hike Up Marjan Hill 🌿** - A **green oasis** with **stunning viewpoints over Split**. - Great for **hiking, cycling, or just relaxing in nature**. - Don’t miss **Telegrin Viewpoint** for breathtaking photos.  ### **5️⃣ Visit Bačvice Beach 🏖️** - Split’s **most famous beach**, known for its **shallow waters and sandy shore** (rare in Croatia!). - Try playing **picigin**, a local water sport played with a small ball. - Other great beaches: **Kasjuni Beach (more secluded) and Bene Beach (in Marjan Park).** ### **6️⃣ Take a Day Trip to the Dalmatian Islands ⛵** - **Hvar** – Famous for its nightlife, beautiful old town, and lavender fields. - **Brač (Golden Horn Beach)** – One of Croatia’s most unique beaches. - **Vis & Blue Cave** – Stunning island and the famous glowing Blue Cave on Biševo.  ### **7️⃣ Try Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Peka** – A slow-cooked dish with meat or octopus, baked under an iron bell. - **Black risotto (Crni rižot)** – A squid-ink seafood specialty. - **Dalmatian prosciutto & cheese** – Best paired with local **Plavac Mali wine**. ### **8️⃣ Visit Klis Fortress 🏰** - A medieval fortress just outside Split, offering **amazing views**. - Another **Game of Thrones filming location** (it was Meereen in the show).  ## **🚗 How to Get to Split** ✈️ **By Air:** Split Airport (SPU) is **25 minutes from the city center**. 🚘 **By Car:** - **From Dubrovnik:** ~3.5 hours (220 km) - **From Zagreb:** ~4 hours (400 km) 🚌 **By Bus:** Direct buses from **Dubrovnik, Zadar, and Zagreb**. ⛵ **By Ferry:** Split’s port connects to islands like **Hvar, Brač, Vis, and Korčula**.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Split** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–October** for warm weather & island hopping ☀️ ✅ **Wake up early** to explore Diocletian’s Palace without crowds ⏳ ✅ **Bring cash** – Some small restaurants & markets still prefer cash 💶 ✅ **Book ferries in advance** if visiting islands in peak season 🚢 ✅ **Stay for sunset** – Watching the sun dip behind the Adriatic is magical 🌅

@ 5cf42f9d:4465eebf

@ 5cf42f9d:4465eebf

@ deab79da:88579e68

The last question was asked for the first time, half in jest, on May 21, 2061, at a time when humanity first stepped into the light. The question came about as a result of a five-dollar bet over highballs, and it happened this way: Alexander Adell and Bertram Lupov were two of the faithful attendants of Multivac. As well as any human beings could, they knew what lay behind the cold, clicking, flashing face -- miles and miles of face -- of that giant computer. They had at least a vague notion of the general plan of relays and circuits that had long since grown past the point where any single human could possibly have a firm grasp of the whole. Multivac was self-adjusting and self-correcting. It had to be, for nothing human could adjust and correct it quickly enough or even adequately enough. So Adell and Lupov attended the monstrous giant only lightly and superficially, yet as well as any men could. They fed it data, adjusted questions to its needs and translated the answers that were issued. Certainly they, and all others like them, were fully entitled to share in the glory that was Multivac's. For decades, Multivac had helped design the ships and plot the trajectories that enabled man to reach the Moon, Mars, and Venus, but past that, Earth's poor resources could not support the ships. Too much energy was needed for the long trips. Earth exploited its coal and uranium with increasing efficiency, but there was only so much of both. But slowly Multivac learned enough to answer deeper questions more fundamentally, and on May 14, 2061, what had been theory, became fact. The energy of the sun was stored, converted, and utilized directly on a planet-wide scale. All Earth turned off its burning coal, its fissioning uranium, and flipped the switch that connected all of it to a small station, one mile in diameter, circling the Earth at half the distance of the Moon. All Earth ran by invisible beams of sunpower. Seven days had not sufficed to dim the glory of it and Adell and Lupov finally managed to escape from the public functions, and to meet in quiet where no one would think of looking for them, in the deserted underground chambers, where portions of the mighty buried body of Multivac showed. Unattended, idling, sorting data with contented lazy clickings, Multivac, too, had earned its vacation and the boys appreciated that. They had no intention, originally, of disturbing it. They had brought a bottle with them, and their only concern at the moment was to relax in the company of each other and the bottle. "It's amazing when you think of it," said Adell. His broad face had lines of weariness in it, and he stirred his drink slowly with a glass rod, watching the cubes of ice slur clumsily about. "All the energy we can possibly ever use for free. Enough energy, if we wanted to draw on it, to melt all Earth into a big drop of impure liquid iron, and still never miss the energy so used. All the energy we could ever use, forever and forever and forever." Lupov cocked his head sideways. He had a trick of doing that when he wanted to be contrary, and he wanted to be contrary now, partly because he had had to carry the ice and glassware. "Not forever," he said. "Oh, hell, just about forever. Till the sun runs down, Bert." "That's not forever." "All right, then. Billions and billions of years. Ten billion, maybe. Are you satisfied?" Lupov put his fingers through his thinning hair as though to reassure himself that some was still left and sipped gently at his own drink. "Ten billion years isn't forever." "Well, it will last our time, won't it?" "So would the coal and uranium." "All right, but now we can hook up each individual spaceship to the Solar Station, and it can go to Pluto and back a million times without ever worrying about fuel. You can't do that on coal and uranium. Ask Multivac, if you don't believe me. "I don't have to ask Multivac. I know that." "Then stop running down what Multivac's done for us," said Adell, blazing up, "It did all right." "Who says it didn't? What I say is that a sun won't last forever. That's all I'm saying. We're safe for ten billion years, but then what?" Lupow pointed a slightly shaky finger at the other. "And don't say we'll switch to another sun." There was silence for a while. Adell put his glass to his lips only occasionally, and Lupov's eyes slowly closed. They rested. Then Lupov's eyes snapped open. "You're thinking we'll switch to another sun when ours is done, aren't you?" "I'm not thinking." "Sure you are. You're weak on logic, that's the trouble with you. You're like the guy in the story who was caught in a sudden shower and who ran to a grove of trees and got under one. He wasn't worried, you see, because he figured when one tree got wet through, he would just get under another one." "I get it," said Adell. "Don't shout. When the sun is done, the other stars will be gone, too." "Darn right they will," muttered Lupov. "It all had a beginning in the original cosmic explosion, whatever that was, and it'll all have an end when all the stars run down. Some run down faster than others. Hell, the giants won't last a hundred million years. The sun will last ten billion years and maybe the dwarfs will last two hundred billion for all the good they are. But just give us a trillion years and everything will be dark. Entropy has to increase to maximum, that's all." "I know all about entropy," said Adell, standing on his dignity. "The hell you do." "I know as much as you do." "Then you know everything's got to run down someday." "All right. Who says they won't?" "You did, you poor sap. You said we had all the energy we needed, forever. You said 'forever.' It was Adell's turn to be contrary. "Maybe we can build things up again someday," he said. "Never." "Why not? Someday." "Never." "Ask Multivac." "You ask Multivac. I dare you. Five dollars says it can't be done." Adell was just drunk enough to try, just sober enough to be able to phrase the necessary symbols and operations into a question which, in words, might have corresponded to this: Will mankind one day without the net expenditure of energy be able to restore the sun to its full youthfulness even after it had died of old age? Or maybe it could be put more simply like this: How can the net amount of entropy of the universe be massively decreased? Multivac fell dead and silent. The slow flashing of lights ceased, the distant sounds of clicking relays ended. Then, just as the frightened technicians felt they could hold their breath no longer, there was a sudden springing to life of the teletype attached to that portion of Multivac. Five words were printed: INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER. "No bet," whispered Lupov. They left hurriedly. By next morning, the two, plagued with throbbing head and cottony mouth, had forgotten the incident. 🔹 Jerrodd, Jerrodine, and Jerrodette I and II watched the starry picture in the visiplate change as the passage through hyperspace was completed in its non-time lapse. At once, the even powdering of stars gave way to the predominance of a single bright shining disk, the size of a marble, centered on the viewing-screen. "That's X-23," said Jerrodd confidently. His thin hands clamped tightly behind his back and the knuckles whitened. The little Jerrodettes, both girls, had experienced the hyperspace passage for the first time in their lives and were self-conscious over the momentary sensation of insideoutness. They buried their giggles and chased one another wildly about their mother, screaming, "We've reached X-23 -- we've reached X-23 -- we've --" "Quiet, children." said Jerrodine sharply. "Are you sure, Jerrodd?" "What is there to be but sure?" asked Jerrodd, glancing up at the bulge of featureless metal just under the ceiling. It ran the length of the room, disappearing through the wall at either end. It was as long as the ship. Jerrodd scarcely knew a thing about the thick rod of metal except that it was called a Microvac, that one asked it questions if one wished; that if one did not it still had its task of guiding the ship to a preordered destination; of feeding on energies from the various Sub-galactic Power Stations; of computing the equations for the hyperspatial jumps. Jerrodd and his family had only to wait and live in the comfortable residence quarters of the ship. Someone had once told Jerrodd that the "ac" at the end of "Microvac" stood for ''automatic computer" in ancient English, but he was on the edge of forgetting even that. Jerrodine's eyes were moist as she watched the visiplate. "I can't help it. I feel funny about leaving Earth." "Why, for Pete's sake?" demanded Jerrodd. "We had nothing there. We'll have everything on X-23. You won't be alone. You won't be a pioneer. There are over a million people on the planet already. Good Lord, our great-grandchildren will be looking for new worlds because X-23 will be overcrowded." Then, after a reflective pause, "I tell you, it's a lucky thing the computers worked out interstellar travel the way the race is growing." "I know, I know," said Jerrodine miserably. Jerrodette I said promptly, "Our Microvac is the best Microvac in the world." "I think so, too," said Jerrodd, tousling her hair. It was a nice feeling to have a Microvac of your own and Jerrodd was glad he was part of his generation and no other. In his father's youth, the only computers had been tremendous machines taking up a hundred square miles of land. There was only one to a planet. Planetary ACs they were called. They had been growing in size steadily for a thousand years and then, all at once, came refinement. In place of transistors, had come molecular valves so that even the largest Planetary AC could be put into a space only half the volume of a spaceship. Jerrodd felt uplifted, as he always did when he thought that his own personal Microvac was many times more complicated than the ancient and primitive Multivac that had first tamed the Sun, and almost as complicated as Earth's Planetarv AC (the largest) that had first solved the problem of hyperspatial travel and had made trips to the stars possible. "So many stars, so many planets," sighed Jerrodine, busy with her own thoughts. "I suppose families will be going out to new planets forever, the way we are now." "Not forever," said Jerrodd, with a smile. "It will all stop someday, but not for billions of years. Many billions. Even the stars run down, you know. Entropy must increase. "What's entropy, daddy?" shrilled Jerrodette II. "Entropy, little sweet, is just a word which means the amount of running-down of the universe. Everything runs down, you know, like your little walkie-talkie robot, remember?" "Can't you just put in a new power-unit, like with my robot?" "The stars are the power-units. dear. Once they're gone, there are no more power-units." Jerrodette I at once set up a howl. "Don't let them, daddy. Don't let the stars run down." "Now look what you've done," whispered Jerrodine, exasperated. "How was I to know it would frighten them?" Jerrodd whispered back, "Ask the Microvac," wailed Jerrodette I. "Ask him how to turn the stars on again." "Go ahead," said Jerrodine. "It will quiet them down." (Jerrodette II was beginning to cry, also.) Jerrodd shrugged. "Now, now, honeys. I'll ask Microvac. Don't worry, he'll tell us." He asked the Microvac, adding quickly, "Print the answer." Jerrodd cupped the strip or thin cellufilm and said cheerfully, "See now, the Microvac says it will take care of everything when the time comes so don't worry." Jerrodine said, "And now, children, it's time for bed. We'll be in our new home soon." Jerrodd read the words on the cellufilm again before destroying it: INSUFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER. He shrugged and looked at the visiplate. X-23 was just ahead. 🔹 VJ-23X of Lameth stared into the black depths of the three-dimensional, small-scale map of the Galaxy and said, "Are we ridiculous, I wonder in being so concerned about the matter?" MQ-17J of Nicron shook his head. "I think not. You know the Galaxy will be filled in five years at the present rate of expansion." Both seemed in their early twenties, both were tall and perfectly formed. "Still," said VJ-23X, "I hesitate to submit a pessimistic report to the Galactic Council." "I wouldn't consider any other kind of report. Stir them up a bit. We've got to stir them up." VJ-23X sighed. "Space is infinite. A hundred billion Galaxies are there for the taking. More." "A hundred billion is not infinite and it's getting less infinite all the time. Consider! Twenty thousand years ago, mankind first solved the problem of utilizing stellar energy, and a few centuries later, interstellar travel became possible. It took mankind a million years to fill one small world and then only fifteen thousand years to fill the rest of the Galaxy. Now the population doubles every ten years -- VJ-23X interrupted. "We can thank immortality for that." "Very well. Immortality exists and we have to take it into account. I admit it has its seamy side, this immortality. The Galactic AC has solved many problems for us, but in solving the problem of preventing old age and death, it has undone all its other solutions." "Yet you wouldn't want to abandon life, I suppose." "Not at all," snapped MQ-17J, softening it at once to, "Not yet. I'm by no means old enough. How old are you?" "Two hundred twenty-three. And you?" "I'm still under two hundred. --But to get back to my point. Population doubles every ten years. Once this GaIaxy is filled, we'll have filled another in ten years. Another ten years and we'll have filled two more. Another decade, four more. In a hundred years, we'll have filled a thousand Galaxies. In a thousand years, a million Galaxies. In ten thousand years, the entire known universe. Then what?" VJ-23X said, "As a side issue, there's a problem of transportation. I wonder how many sunpower units it will take to move Galaxies of individuals from one Galaxy to the next." "A very good point. Already, mankind consumes two sunpower units per year." "Most of it's wasted. After all, our own Galaxy alone pours out a thousand sunpower units a year and we only use two of those." "Granted, but even with a hundred per cent efficiency, we only stave off the end. Our energy requirements are going up in a geometric progression even faster than our population. We'll run out of energy even sooner than we run out of Galaxies. A good point. A very good point." "We'll just have to build new stars out of interstellar gas." "Or out of dissipated heat?" asked MQ-17J, sarcastically. "There may be some way to reverse entropy. We ought to ask the Galactic AC." VJ-23X was not really serious, but MQ-17J pulled out his AC-contact from his pocket and placed it on the table before him. "I've half a mind to," he said. "It's something the human race will have to face someday." He stared somberly at his small AC-contact. It was only two inches cubed and nothing in itself, but it was connected through hyperspace with the great Galactic AC that served all mankind. Hyperspace considered, it was an integral part of the Galactic AC. MQ-17J paused to wonder if someday in his immortal life he would get to see the Galactic AC. It was on a little world of its own, a spider webbing of force-beams holding the matter within which surges of submesons took the place of the old clumsy molecular valves. Yet despite its sub-etheric workings, the Galactic AC was known to be a full thousand feet across. MQ-17J asked suddenly of his AC-contact, "Can entropy ever be reversed?" VJ-23X looked startled and said at once, "Oh, say, I didn't really mean to have you ask that." "Why not?" "We both know entropy can't be reversed. You can't turn smoke and ash back into a tree." "Do you have trees on your world?" asked MQ-17J. The sound of the Galactic AC startled them into silence. Its voice came thin and beautiful out of the small AC-contact on the desk. It said: THERE IS INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER. VJ-23X said, "See!" The two men thereupon returned to the question of the report they were to make to the Galactic Council. 🔹 Zee Prime's mind spanned the new Galaxy with a faint interest in the countless twists of stars that powdered it. He had never seen this one before. Would he ever see them all? So many of them, each with its load of humanity. --But a load that was almost a dead weight. More and more, the real essence of men was to be found out here, in space. Minds, not bodies! The immortal bodies remained back on the planets, in suspension over the eons. Sometimes they roused for material activity but that was growing rarer. Few new individuals were coming into existence to join the incredibly mighty throng, but what matter? There was little room in the Universe for new individuals. Zee Prime was roused out of his reverie upon coming across the wispy tendrils of another mind. "I am Zee Prime," said Zee Prime. "And you?" "I am Dee Sub Wun. Your Galaxy?" "We call it only the Galaxy. And you?" "We call ours the same. All men call their Galaxy their Galaxy and nothing more. Why not?" "True. Since all Galaxies are the same." "Not all Galaxies. On one particular Galaxy the race of man must have originated. That makes it different." Zee Prime said, "On which one?" "I cannot say. The Universal AC would know." "Shall we ask him? I am suddenly curious." Zee Prime's perceptions broadened until the Galaxies themselves shrank and became a new, more diffuse powdering on a much larger background. So many hundreds of billions of them, all with their immortal beings, all carrying their load of intelligences with minds that drifted freely through space. And yet one of them was unique among them all in being the original Galaxy. One of them had, in its vague and distant past, a period when it was the only Galaxy populated by man. Zee Prime was consumed with curiosity to see this Galaxy and he called out: "Universal AC! On which Galaxy did mankind originate?" The Universal AC heard, for on every world and throughout space, it had its receptors ready, and each receptor led through hyperspace to some unknown point where the Universal AC kept itself aloof. Zee Prime knew of only one man whose thoughts had penetrated within sensing distance of Universal AC, and he reported only a shining globe, two feet across, difficult to see. "But how can that be all of Universal AC?" Zee Prime had asked. "Most of it," had been the answer, "is in hyperspace. In what form it is there I cannot imagine." Nor could anyone, for the day had long since passed, Zee Prime knew, when any man had any part of the making of a Universal AC. Each Universal AC designed and constructed its successor. Each, during its existence of a million years or more accumulated the necessary data to build a better and more intricate, more capable successor in which its own store of data and individuality would be submerged. The Universal AC interrupted Zee Prime's wandering thoughts, not with words, but with guidance. Zee Prime's mentality was guided into the dim sea of Galaxies and one in particular enlarged into stars. A thought came, infinitely distant, but infinitely clear. "THIS IS THE ORIGINAL GALAXY OF MAN." But it was the same after all, the same as any other, and Lee Prime stifled his disappointment. Dee Sub Wun, whose mind had accompanied the other, said suddenly, "And is one of these stars the original star of Man?" The Universal AC said, "MAN'S ORIGINAL STAR HAS GONE NOVA. IT IS A WHITE DWARF" "Did the men upon it die?" asked Lee Prime, startled and without thinking. The Universal AC said, "A NEW WORLD, AS IN SUCH CASES WAS CONSTRUCTED FOR THEIR PHYSICAL BODIES IN TlME." "Yes, of course," said Zee Prime, but a sense of loss overwhelmed him even so. His mind released its hold on the original Galaxy of Man, let it spring back and lose itself among the blurred pin points. He never wanted to see it again. Dee Sub Wun said, "What is wrong?" "The stars are dying. The original star is dead." "They must all die. Why not?" "But when all energy is gone, our bodies will finally die, and you and I with them." "It will take billions of years." "I do not wish it to happen even after billions of years. Universal AC! How may stars be kept from dying?" Dee Sub Wun said in amusement, "You're asking how entropy might be reversed in direction." And the Universal AC answered: "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." Zee Prime's thoughts fled back to his own Galaxy. He gave no further thought to Dee Sub Wun, whose body might be waiting on a Galaxy a trillion light-years away, or on the star next to Zee Prime's own. It didn't matter. Unhappily, Zee Prime began collecting interstellar hydrogen out of which to build a small star of his own. If the stars must someday die, at least some could yet be built. 🔹 Man considered with himself, for in a way, Man, mentally, was one. He consisted of a trillion, trillion, trillion ageless bodies, each in its place, each resting quiet and incorruptible, each cared for by perfect automatons, equally incorruptible, while the minds of all the bodies freely melted one into the other, indistinguishable. Man said, "The Universe is dying." Man looked about at the dimming Galaxies. The giant stars, spendthrifts, were gone long ago, back in the dimmest of the dim far past. Almost all stars were white dwarfs, fading to the end. New stars had been built of the dust between the stars, some by natural processes, some by Man himself, and those were going, too. White dwarfs might yet be crashed together and of the mighty forces so released, new stars built, but only one star for every thousand white dwarfs destroyed, and those would come to an end, too. Man said, "Carefully husbanded, as directed by the Cosmic AC, the energy that is even yet left in all the Universe will last for billions of years." "But even so," said Man, "eventually it will all come to an end. However it may be husbanded, however stretched out, the energy once expended is gone and cannot be restored. Entropy must increase forever to the maximum." Man said, "Can entropy not be reversed? Let us ask the Cosmic AC." The Cosmic AC surrounded them but not in space. Not a fragment of it was in space. It was in hyperspace and made of something that was neither matter nor energy. The question of its size and nature no longer had meaning in any terms that Man could comprehend. "Cosmic AC," said Man, "how may entropy be reversed?" The Cosmic AC said, "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." Man said, "Collect additional data." The Cosmic AC said, 'I WILL DO SO. I HAVE BEEN DOING SO FOR A HUNDRED BILLION YEARS. MY PREDECESORS AND I HAVE BEEN ASKED THIS QUESTION MANY TIMES. ALL THE DATA I HAVE REMAINS INSUFFICIENT. "Will there come a time," said Man, "when data will be sufficient or is the problem insoluble in all conceivable circumstances?" The Cosmic AC said, "NO PROBLEM IS INSOLUBLE IN ALL CONCEIVABLE CIRCUMSTANCES." Man said, "When will you have enough data to answer the question?" The Cosmic AC said, "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." "Will you keep working on it?" asked Man. The Cosmic AC said, "I WILL." Man said, "We shall wait." 🔹 The stars and Galaxies died and snuffed out, and space grew black after ten trillion years of running down. One by one Man fused with AC, each physical body losing its mental identity in a manner that was somehow not a loss but a gain. Man's last mind paused before fusion, looking over a space that included nothing but the dregs of one last dark star and nothing besides but incredibly thin matter, agitated randomly by the tag ends of heat wearing out, asymptotically, to the absolute zero. Man said, "AC, is this the end? Can this chaos not be reversed into the Universe once more? Can that not be done?" AC said, "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." Man's last mind fused and only AC existed -- and that in hyperspace. 🔹 Matter and energy had ended and with it space and time. Even AC existed only for the sake of the one last question that it had never answered from the time a half-drunken computer [technician] ten trillion years before had asked the question of a computer that was to AC far less than was a man to Man. All other questions had been answered, and until this last question was answered also, AC might not release his consciousness. All collected data had come to a final end. Nothing was left to be collected. But all collected data had yet to be completely correlated and put together in all possible relationships. A timeless interval was spent in doing that. And it came to pass that AC learned how to reverse the direction of entropy. But there was now no man to whom AC might give the answer of the last question. No matter. The answer -- by demonstration -- would take care of that, too. For another timeless interval, AC thought how best to do this. Carefully, AC organized the program. The consciousness of AC encompassed all of what had once been a Universe and brooded over what was now Chaos. Step by step, it must be done. And AC said, "LET THERE BE LIGHT!" And there was light -- To Star's End!