@ 1cb14ab3:95d52462

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No. 1 - The Less Touristy "Bund"

The Bund is certainly a must-see if you are traveling to Shanghai for the first time - and it will be at the top of every travel guide out there, for good reason - there are equally as stunning alternatives away from the crowds. If you want to enjoy the skyline from a more relaxed perspective, consider the Pudong side of the river. There are parks, basketball courts, and green spaces along the riverbank for you to chill at and take in the sights. You can also hop on a ferry or a sightseeing boat to cross the river and admire the views from the renowned Bund.

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No. 2 - Walks Along Golden Street

This one is out in Gubei, a suburban area in the west of Shanghai. It may be a bit of a trek, but it is worth it if you are looking for a more relaxing and peaceful pedestrian street in the city. Golden Street, or Jinxiu Road, is a great place to walk a dog, grab an afternoon drink, or enjoy a romantic dinner with your loved one. While it may be a bit far from downtown, it makes for a great joyride on your scooter or bicycle.

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No. 3 - Moganshan Road Graffiti Wall

Moganshan Road is a gem for all things art. It is home to M50, the best art district in the city, where you will find dozens of galleries, studios, and workshops showcasing a wide range of art. There are also plenty of cool spots scattered around the area, particularly the graffiti wall. The wall is a welcome contrast to some of the drab and monotonous architecture found around the city; with colorful display of street art featuring various styles and themes. Stop by and admire the works of local and international artists, and even jump in to join them in adding your own mark. The wall is constantly evolving, so you can always find something new.

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No. 4 - Jiaotong University in the Fall

Easily one of the best spots in town for catching rows of bright yellow and red leaves. Jiaotong University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China. The campus is located in Xuhui District and has a mix of Chinese and Western architectural styles to admire as well. Try to visit in late October or early November for the best leaf-peeping. You can walk along the tree-lined paths, set up a blanket in the field for a picnic, or simply take photos and enjoy the scenery.

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No. 5 - Day Drinking at Highline

Hands down one of the top five rooftop bars in the city, along with Bar Rouge, Kartel, and others; Highline is a go-to-spot that offers great views of the city and excellent food. Find it on the sixth floor of the Ascott Hotel in Huaihai Road in Xintiandi. Nothing beats a laid back Saturday afternoon at Highline. I prefer the views during the day, though it is equally as nice a night. Sip cocktails, wine, or beer, and enjoy the music and vibe. Highline is a perfect place to spend an afternoon.

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Additional Photos

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Next Guide in the Series:

An Expats Guide to the Best Spots in Shanghai: 002

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Find Me Elsewhere:

Website

Art

Travel Guides

Photography

Storefront

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All images property of Hes. Originally published as an Instagram Guide on Feb. 02, 2021. Reworked and published on Nostr on Feb. 17, 2024.

@ 1bda7e1f:bb97c4d9

Tldr

• Nostr is an open and interoperable protocol
• You can integrate it with workflow automation tools to augment your experience
• n8n is a great low/no-code workflow automation tool which you can host yourself
• Nostrobots allows you to integrate Nostr into n8n
• In this blog I create some workflow automations for Nostr
• A simple form to delegate posting notes
• Push notifications for mentions on multiple accounts
• Push notifications for your favourite accounts when they post a note
• All workflows are provided as open source with MIT license for you to use

Inter-op All The Things

Nostr is a new open social protocol for the internet. This open nature exciting because of the opportunities for interoperability with other technologies. In Using NFC Cards with Nostr I explored the nostr: URI to launch Nostr clients from a card tap.

The interoperability of Nostr doesn't stop there. The internet has many super-powers, and Nostr is open to all of them. Simply, there's no one to stop it. There is no one in charge, there are no permissioned APIs, and there are no risks of being de-platformed. If you can imagine technologies that would work well with Nostr, then any and all of them can ride on or alongside Nostr rails.

My mental model for why this is special is Google Wave ~2010. Google Wave was to be the next big platform. Lars was running it and had a big track record from Maps. I was excited for it. Then, Google pulled the plug. And, immediately all the time and capital invested in understanding and building on the platform was wasted.

This cannot happen to Nostr, as there is no one to pull the plug, and maybe even no plug to pull.

So long as users demand Nostr, Nostr will exist, and that is a pretty strong guarantee. It makes it worthwhile to invest in bringing Nostr into our other applications.

All we need are simple ways to plug things together.

Nostr and Workflow Automation

Workflow automation is about helping people to streamline their work. As a user, the most common way I achieve this is by connecting disparate systems together. By setting up one system to trigger another or to move data between systems, I can solve for many different problems and become way more effective.

n8n for workflow automation

Many workflow automation tools exist. My favourite is n8n. n8n is a low/no-code workflow automation platform which allows you to build all kinds of workflows. You can use it for free, you can self-host it, it has a user-friendly UI and useful API. Vs Zapier it can be far more elaborate. Vs Make.com I find it to be more intuitive in how it abstracts away the right parts of the code, but still allows you to code when you need to.

Most importantly you can plug anything into n8n: You have built-in nodes for specific applications. HTTP nodes for any other API-based service. And community nodes built by individual community members for any other purpose you can imagine.

Eating my own dogfood

It's very clear to me that there is a big design space here just demanding to be explored. If you could integrate Nostr with anything, what would you do?

In my view the best way for anyone to start anything is by solving their own problem first (aka "scratching your own itch" and "eating your own dogfood"). As I get deeper into Nostr I find myself controlling multiple Npubs – to date I have a personal Npub, a brand Npub for a community I am helping, an AI assistant Npub, and various testing Npubs. I need ways to delegate access to those Npubs without handing over the keys, ways to know if they're mentioned, and ways to know if they're posting.

I can build workflows with n8n to solve these issues for myself to start with, and keep expanding from there as new needs come up.

Running n8n with Nostrobots

I am mostly non-technical with a very helpful AI. To set up n8n to work with Nostr and operate these workflows should be possible for anyone with basic technology skills.

• I have a cheap VPS which currently runs my HAVEN Nostr Relay and Albyhub Lightning Node in Docker containers,
• My objective was to set up n8n to run alongside these in a separate Docker container on the same server, install the required nodes, and then build and host my workflows.

Installing n8n

Self-hosting n8n could not be easier. I followed n8n's Docker-Compose installation docs–

• Install Docker and Docker-Compose if you haven't already,
• Create your docker-compose.yml and .env files from the docs,
• Create your data folder sudo docker volume create n8n_data,
• Start your container with sudo docker compose up -d,
• Your n8n instance should be online at port 5678.

n8n is free to self-host but does require a license. Enter your credentials into n8n to get your free license key. You should now have access to the Workflow dashboard and can create and host any kind of workflows from there.

Installing Nostrobots

To integrate n8n nicely with Nostr, I used the Nostrobots community node by Ocknamo.

In n8n parlance a "node" enables certain functionality as a step in a workflow e.g. a "set" node sets a variable, a "send email" node sends an email. n8n comes with all kinds of "official" nodes installed by default, and Nostr is not amongst them. However, n8n also comes with a framework for community members to create their own "community" nodes, which is where Nostrobots comes in.

You can only use a community node in a self-hosted n8n instance (which is what you have if you are running in Docker on your own server, but this limitation does prevent you from using n8n's own hosted alternative).

To install a community node, see n8n community node docs. From your workflow dashboard–

• Click the "..." in the bottom left corner beside your username, and click "settings",
• Cilck "community nodes" left sidebar,
• Click "Install",
• Enter the "npm Package Name" which is n8n-nodes-nostrobots,
• Accept the risks and click "Install",
• Nostrobots is now added to your n8n instance.

Using Nostrobots

Nostrobots gives you nodes to help you build Nostr-integrated workflows–

• Nostr Write – for posting Notes to the Nostr network,
• Nostr Read – for reading Notes from the Nostr network, and
• Nostr Utils – for performing certain conversions you may need (e.g. from bech32 to hex).

Nostrobots has good documentation on each node which focuses on simple use cases.

Each node has a "convenience mode" by default. For example, the "Read" Node by default will fetch Kind 1 notes by a simple filter, in Nostrobots parlance a "Strategy". For example, with Strategy set to "Mention" the node will accept a pubkey and fetch all Kind 1 notes that Mention the pubkey within a time period. This is very good for quick use.

What wasn't clear to me initially (until Ocknamo helped me out) is that advanced use cases are also possible.

Each node also has an advanced mode. For example, the "Read" Node can have "Strategy" set to "RawFilter(advanced)". Now the node will accept json (anything you like that complies with NIP-01). You can use this to query Notes (Kind 1) as above, and also Profiles (Kind 0), Follow Lists (Kind 3), Reactions (Kind 7), Zaps (Kind 9734/9735), and anything else you can think of.

Creating and adding workflows

With n8n and Nostrobots installed, you can now create or add any kind of Nostr Workflow Automation.

• Click "Add workflow" to go to the workflow builder screen,
• If you would like to build your own workflow, you can start with adding any node. Click "+" and see what is available. Type "Nostr" to explore the Nostrobots nodes you have added,
• If you would like to add workflows that someone else has built, click "..." in the top right. Then click "import from URL" and paste in the URL of any workflow you would like to use (including the ones I share later in this article).

Nostr Workflow Automations

It's time to build some things!

A simple form to post a note to Nostr

I started very simply. I needed to delegate the ability to post to Npubs that I own in order that a (future) team can test things for me. I don't want to worry about managing or training those people on how to use keys, and I want to revoke access easily.

I needed a basic form with credentials that posted a Note.

For this I can use a very simple workflow–

• A n8n Form node – Creates a form for users to enter the note they wish to post. Allows for the form to be protected by a username and password. This node is the workflow "trigger" so that the workflow runs each time the form is submitted.
• A Set node – Allows me to set some variables, in this case I set the relays that I intend to use. I typically add a Set node immediately following the trigger node, and put all the variables I need in this. It helps to make the workflows easier to update and maintain.
• A Nostr Write node (from Nostrobots) – Writes a Kind-1 note to the Nostr network. It accepts Nostr credentials, the output of the Form node, and the relays from the Set node, and posts the Note to those relays.

Once the workflow is built, you can test it with the testing form URL, and set it to "Active" to use the production form URL. That's it. You can now give posting access to anyone for any Npub. To revoke access, simply change the credentials or set to workflow to "Inactive".

It may also be the world's simplest Nostr client.

You can find the Nostr Form to Post a Note workflow here.

Push notifications on mentions and new notes

One of the things Nostr is not very good at is push notifications. Furthermore I have some unique itches to scratch. I want–

• To make sure I never miss a note addressed to any of my Npubs – For this I want a push notification any time any Nostr user mentions any of my Npubs,
• To make sure I always see all notes from key accounts – For this I need a push notification any time any of my Npubs post any Notes to the network,
• To get these notifications on all of my devices – Not just my phone where my Nostr regular client lives, but also on each of my laptops to suit wherever I am working that day.

I needed to build a Nostr push notifications solution.

To build this workflow I had to string a few ideas together–

• Triggering the node on a schedule – Nostrobots does not include a trigger node. As every workflow starts with a trigger we needed a different method. I elected to run the workflow on a schedule of every 10-minutes. Frequent enough to see Notes while they are hot, but infrequent enough to not burden public relays or get rate-limited,
• Storing a list of Npubs in a Nostr list – I needed a way to store the list of Npubs that trigger my notifications. I initially used an array defined in the workflow, this worked fine. Then I decided to try Nostr lists (NIP-51, kind 30000). By defining my list of Npubs as a list published to Nostr I can control my list from within a Nostr client (e.g. Listr.lol or Nostrudel.ninja). Not only does this "just work", but because it's based on Nostr lists automagically Amethyst client allows me to browse that list as a Feed, and everyone I add gets notified in their Mentions,
• Using specific relays – I needed to query the right relays, including my own HAVEN relay inbox for notes addressed to me, and wss://purplepag.es for Nostr profile metadata,
• Querying Nostr events (with Nostrobots) – I needed to make use of many different Nostr queries and use quite a wide range of what Nostrobots can do–
  • I read the EventID of my Kind 30000 list, to return the desired pubkeys,
  • For notifications on mentions, I read all Kind 1 notes that mention that pubkey,
  • For notifications on new notes, I read all Kind 1 notes published by that pubkey,
  • Where there are notes, I read the Kind 0 profile metadata event of that pubkey to get the displayName of the relevant Npub,
  • I transform the EventID into a Nevent to help clients find it.
• Using the Nostr URI – As I did with my NFC card article, I created a link with the nostr: URI prefix so that my phone's native client opens the link by default,
• Push notifications solution – I needed a push notifications solution. I found many with n8n integrations and chose to go with Pushover which supports all my devices, has a free trial, and is unfairly cheap with a $5-per-device perpetual license.

Once the workflow was built, lists published, and Pushover installed on my phone, I was fully set up with push notifications on Nostr. I have used these workflows for several weeks now and made various tweaks as I went. They are feeling robust and I'd welcome you to give them a go.

You can find the Nostr Push Notification If Mentioned here and If Posts a Note here.

In speaking with other Nostr users while I was building this, there are all kind of other needs for push notifications too – like on replies to a certain bookmarked note, or when a followed Npub starts streaming on zap.stream. These are all possible.

Use my workflows

I have open sourced all my workflows at my Github with MIT license and tried to write complete docs, so that you can import them into your n8n and configure them for your own use.

To import any of my workflows–

• Click on the workflow of your choice, e.g. "Nostr_Push_Notify_If_Mentioned.json",
• Click on the "raw" button to view the raw JSON, ex any Github page layout,
• Copy that URL,
• Enter that URL in the "import from URL" dialog mentioned above.

To configure them–

• Prerequisites, credentials, and variables are all stated,
• In general any variables required are entered into a Set Node that follows the trigger node,
• Pushover has some extra setup but is very straightforward and documented in the workflow.

What next?

Over my first four blogs I explored creating a good Nostr setup with Vanity Npub, Lightning Payments, Nostr Addresses at Your Domain, and Personal Nostr Relay.

Then in my latest two blogs I explored different types of interoperability with NFC cards and now n8n Workflow Automation.

Thinking ahead n8n can power any kind of interoperability between Nostr and any other legacy technology solution. On my mind as I write this:

• Further enhancements to posting and delegating solutions and forms (enhanced UI or different note kinds),
• Automated or scheduled posting (such as auto-liking everything Lyn Alden posts),
• Further enhancements to push notifications, on new and different types of events (such as notifying me when I get a new follower, on replies to certain posts, or when a user starts streaming),
• All kinds of bridges, such as bridging notes to and from Telegram, Slack, or Campfire. Or bridging RSS or other event feeds to Nostr,
• All kinds of other automation (such as BlackCoffee controlling a coffee machine),
• All kinds of AI Assistants and Agents,

In fact I have already released an open source workflow for an AI Assistant, and will share more about that in my next blog.

Please be sure to let me know if you think there's another Nostr topic you'd like to see me tackle.

GM Nostr.

@ 79998141:0f8f1901

Happy new year, Anon.

Thanks for tuning in to whatever this long form post will be. I hope to make these more regular, like journal entries as we travel through "real life" and the Nostrverse together. If I'm making time for this reflective writing, then things are going as planned.

2024 was a wildly transformative year for me for many reasons... there's no way I can possibly fit all of them here. They're not all related to Bitcoin and Nostr- I've got a beautiful life outside of all that which has its own independent arc. My wife and I celebrated 7 years of marriage together, stronger than ever (don't believe that "itch" bullshit). We let go of some negative relationships and embraced some positive ones. We cut some bad habits, and we made some good habits. We worked, we traveled, we saw family, and we partied.

But damn, these two technologies have become a huge part of my life. God willing, this trend will continue until they've both eclipsed my professional capacity through our startup, Conduit BTC.

This was the year I was truly orange pilled. Until late 2023, I had traded (quite profitably) Bitcoin, "crypto", stocks, options, prediction markets and whatever else I could get my hands on that felt undervalued. I did this all in my spare time, grinding out a little financial freedom while I hustled at my fiat ventures to support my little family. I wasn't a true believer- just an opportunist with a knack for spotting where and when a crowd might flock to next. That was right up until I ran face first into Lyn Alden's book "Broken Money".

Something about Lyn's engineer/macro-finance inspired prose clicked with me, lock and key. Total one way function. By the end of the book my laser eyes had burned a hole in my bedroom ceiling. I was all in- and acted accordingly both with my capital and my attention. It wasn't long before I discovered Nostr and dove in here too, falling deep into my current orange and purple polyamorous love affair.

"If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles."

Despite the passion, through studying Bitcoin's criticisms (from the likes of Mike Green and Nassim Taleb) I found a hole in the utopian plot: none of this works without Bitcoin actually being used as money. Worldwide transactions must skyrocket demand for blockspace to keep the network secure/stable for the long term. Besides, if everyday folks aren't using Bitcoin as money then we haven't done shit to make the world a better place. In that world, we've only replaced old masters with new ones. Fuck that.

Whatever I did in this space needed to increase the usage of Bitcoin as money. Simple. This was bigger than passion, this was purpose. I knew that come hell or high water I would dedicate myself to this mission.

Lucky for me I found a partner and best friend in @aceaspades to go on this adventure with. I'm infinitely grateful for him. He's an incredible man who also happens to be an insanely creative and talented software developer. We'd tried for years to find the right project to focus on together, experimenting with all kinds of new techy ideas as they came across our field. Nothing had ever captured our attention like this. This was different. By March of 2024 we had formed a company and gotten to work iterating on how we could leverage these beautiful protocols and open-source tech to create something that served our mission. This is @ConduitBTC.

I've done well in my fiat career executing plans downstream of someone else's creative vision. I've learned the ins and outs of an established ecosystem and found ways to profit from it. I take plans developed by others, compete to win contracts to build them, and execute on them in a cashflow-positive way. I'm bringing this no bullshit blue collar skillset with me to the Nostrverse whether they like it or not.

The adventure we're embarking on now is totally different though. We're charting a new course - totally creative, highly intuitive and extremely speculative towards a future that doesn't exist yet. There are few established norms. The potential is vast but unknown. We're diving into a strange quest to sell a map to an imaginary place and to simultaneously architect its creation (alongside all the amazing builders here doing the same thing). This is insanely exciting to me.

We're barely getting started but a lot has been invested under the surface which will show itself in 2025. We'll be sharing updates in a proper post on @ConduitBTC soon.

As for my personal 2025 resolutions, here they are: - zero alcohol for the entire year (did this in 2019 and had a great year, it's time for a rerun) - more focused presence in the moment: especially with my wife - more self care and prioritized mental/physical health - this includes daily: naps, prayer, self hypnosis or meditation, sweat, and stretching/massaging (overworked in 2024 with a fiat 9-5, a board/advisor role in a fiat business I have equity in, and my newfound passion here. Two serious burn out episodes experienced this year - zero is the only acceptable number of burnouts for long term health and success.) - related to the above: get Conduit some mission-aligned funding partners and leave my fiat 9-5. Grow the Conduit team (have put in a serious amount of my personal capital already to get this going, which will show fruit in the new year... but I am not an island) - more authentic and thoughtful posts on Nostr, with a solid amount of shitposting and organic home grown memes to balance it out... more zaps, more geniune connections and interactions with the curious forward thinking people on here - more IRL Nostr/Bitcoin events - more laughter, more jokes

Enough for now. Cheers to you and yours Anon, may 2025 bring you the magic you've been dreaming of.

@ 13e63e99:25525c6a

The recent appointments by President-elect Donald Trump have generated significant excitement within the cryptocurrency sector. His crypto-supportive team has amplified market enthusiasm, pushing Bitcoin's price to an all-time high as the industry rallies around the news. Our team has analyzed each appointee to assess the long-term implications of Trump’s administration on the crypto landscape.

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Key Appointments and Their Implications

1. David Sacks – White House AI and Crypto Czar

Sacks, a entrepreneur, investor, and advocate for cryptocurrencies, with a career spanning multiple successful ventures. He is the founding partner of Craft Ventures, a VC firm that invests in tech and crypto. Previously, Sacks was the COO of PayPal during its early days. Sacks has been an advocate for economic freedom, decentralization, and sensible crypto regulation. He has been involved in shaping crypto policy through his connection with political leaders, including his recent role as part of President-elect Trump’s pro-crypto team. His appointment highlights the administration’s intent to integrate cryptocurrency and AI into national policy, potentially creating a favorable environment for technological growth.

2. Paul Atkins – SEC Chairman Nominee

Atkins served as a commissioner for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2002 to 2008, where he advocated for market-oriented policies and reduced regulatory burdens. He has been a prominent voice in pushing for regulatory clarity in emerging financial technologies, including cryptocurrencies. He has consistently emphasized the importance of balancing investor protection with fostering innovation. Atkins’ nomination underscores a clear effort to address regulatory uncertainty in the crypto industry. As co-chair of the Digital Chamber’s Token Alliance since 2017, he has consistently supported initiatives that balance consumer protection with innovation. His leadership at the SEC is expected to bring much-needed clarity to the regulatory framework.

3. Stephen Miran – Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors

The council advises the president on economic policy, assists in the preparation of an annual report that gives an overview of the country's economy, reviews federal policies and programs and makes economic policy recommendations. Stephen Miran is a economist with a focus on deregulation and economic policy. He is best known for his role as an economic advisor with a strong commitment to fostering technological advancement and free-market principles. He is an advocate for streamlining regulatory processes, enabling new technologies like Bitcoin to thrive in a competitive global economy. Miran's ability to shape national economic policies could therefore play a critical role in determining the future regulatory landscape for cryptocurrencies in the U.S.

4. Rep. French Hill-Chairman of the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets

Rep. Hill has served in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2015. He has been involved in numerous legislative efforts, focusing on economic policy, financial services, and digital asset regulation. Rep. Hill has elected to be Chairman of the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets and has been a vocal advocate for creating a structured regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies and digital assets. Rep. Hill has identified a digital asset market structure bill as a priority for the Republican Party. His statements have stressed the importance of developing clear rules that will foster innovation, while also making sure that digital assets don’t become a vehicle for illegal activity or instability.

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Outlook for the Crypto Industry

If the Trump administration follows through on its pledges, the U.S. could experience:

• Enhanced Regulatory Clarity: Clear guidelines could attract institutional investment and drive industry innovation.

• Improved Market Confidence: A well-structured framework may mitigate risks and encourage broader adoption of digital assets.

• Global Leadership: Proactive support for cryptocurrencies could establish the U.S. as a leader in financial innovation.

However, delays or failure to act decisively could perpetuate uncertainty and market instability. The crypto community remains cautiously optimistic, awaiting tangible policy actions that translate this promising momentum into long-term growth opportunities.

Reference: MayerBrown, Pensions&Investments, Time

IMF-Driven Revisions to Bitcoin Law\ El Salvador and the IMF have reached an agreement on a $1.4 billion loan program, to be disbursed over 40 months, according to an IMF statement. In return, El Salvador has committed to implementing measures aimed at improving its primary balance and reducing its debt-to-GDP ratio. As part of the conditions for a new IMF loan package, President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador has agreed to revise key aspects of the country's groundbreaking Bitcoin Law enacted in 2021. The changes include:

1. Ending the Legal Tender Mandate: Businesses are no longer required to accept Bitcoin as a form of payment.

2. Shutting Down Chivo Wallet: The state-run wallet, plagued with technical issues, will cease operations.

3. Halting Bitcoin Tax Payments: Bitcoin will no longer be accepted for tax obligations.

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Backlash and Misunderstandings\ Critics on social media have accused Bukele of abandoning his commitment to Bitcoin, framing these changes as a betrayal. However, such reactions fail to recognize the broader context of his leadership.

Leadership Priorities\ Bukele’s primary responsibility is to the Salvadoran people, not the global Bitcoin community. El Salvador faces profound challenges, including poverty, crime, and underdeveloped infrastructure. These realities necessitate pragmatic governance, where Bitcoin serves as a tool—not an ideology.

Expecting Bukele to prioritize Bitcoin over the well-being of his nation is both unrealistic and misaligned with the role of a national leader. The decision to modify the Bitcoin Law reflects a calculated effort to balance innovation with the pressing needs of the Salvadoran populace.

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Implications

1. Investor Sentiment and Confidence: Bitcoin investors, particularly those who saw El Salvador's Bitcoin adoption as a milestone for mainstream acceptance, expressed disappointment over the reversal. Bitcoin experienced dip in value on the day the news broke.

2. IMF Dynamics: The IMF’s involvement also fueled concerns, as it was seen as a sign that traditional financial institutions were exerting influence over a policy that was once viewed as groundbreaking for Bitcoin adoption. Some traders and investors worried that further pressure from the IMF could lead to additional regulatory restrictions, potentially dampening future market enthusiasm. The concessions demonstrate the leverage international institutions hold over nations experimenting with alternative financial systems. This could prompt a reassessment of Bitcoin adoption strategies in the face of external pressures.

3. Setback to Bitcoin as “Medium of Exchange": El Salvador's scaling back of its Bitcoin Law could significantly slow the growth of Bitcoin as a medium of exchange, as the country had been seen as the most iconic and pioneering example of fostering a Bitcoin circular economy. The government has reduced the incentives for businesses and consumers to adopt Bitcoin for everyday transactions. As a result, the dream of creating a Bitcoin-driven economy in El Salvador, where the cryptocurrency could circulate seamlessly, faces a major setback, potentially delaying or even derailing Bitcoin’s path to becoming a widely used and accepted global currency.

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President Bukele’s revisions to the Bitcoin Law are not a betrayal or rejection of Bitcoin, but a pragmatic adjustment to better serve the needs of El Salvador. Bitcoin remains an important tool in the nation’s economic strategy, but its utility must be balanced with other pressing priorities. El Salvador is still committed to purchasing Bitcoin and is likely to accelerate its pace. Ultimately, it's essential to remove the rose-tinted glasses and recognize the reality of a more mature and practical approach to integrating Bitcoin within a complex national economy.

Reference: Yahoo Finance, BitcoinMagazine

1. MicroStrategy to turn to fixed-income securities to raise funds for Bitcoin purchases

MicroStrategy, led by co-founder Michael Saylor, is shifting its funding strategy for Bitcoin purchases. Once its current fundraising plan is fully utilized, the company will move from using Bitcoin proxies to focusing on fixed-income securities. Previously, MicroStrategy has funded Bitcoin acquisitions through stock and convertible bond sales, with convertible bonds yielding positive returns as the company’s stock price rose. Saylor emphasized leveraging strategies to enhance shareholder value, noting that $4 billion of their $7.2 billion in convertible notes act as equity. This pivot aligns with a broader market trend where hedge funds are increasingly using fixed-income securities for convertible arbitrage, prompting MicroStrategy to issue $6.2 billion in convertible bonds this year. The move positions the company to adapt to the changing investment landscape while maximizing returns for shareholders.

Reference: Bloomberg

2. Russia Is Using Bitcoin for International Trade

Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov announced that Russian companies have started using Bitcoin and other digital currencies for international payments, a move in response to recent legislative changes aimed at countering Western sanctions. Additionally, lawmaker Anton Tkachev proposed creating a Bitcoin reserve, similar to foreign exchange reserves, to mitigate risks from sanctions, inflation, and currency fluctuations. This marks a step toward greater economic sovereignty and resilience.

Reference: The block beats

3. Japanese Government Responds to Proposal for Establishing Bitcoin Reserve

The Japanese government recently responded to a proposal by Senator Satoshi Hamada regarding the consideration of Bitcoin as a reserve asset, a trend gaining traction in countries like the U.S. While acknowledging the growing global interest in cryptocurrencies, the government expressed that discussions on Bitcoin’s role as a reserve asset are still in early stages and refrained from forming an opinion. Citing its legal framework, Japan emphasized that cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are not classified as foreign exchange and do not align with the objectives of maintaining stable and liquid foreign exchange reserves. Japan’s cautious approach reflects its commitment to economic stability while evaluating the potential integration of digital assets.

Reference: coin post

Happy New Year from Team HCM! As we welcome the new year, we are excited to celebrate not only the joy of the season but also the growth and progress of the Bitcoin community. Reflecting on 2024, we made significant strides and embraced new changes. The official HCM website is set to launch at early January of the year 2025, marking an exciting new chapter for our team. Looking ahead, we are enthusiastic about the future and the global adoption of Bitcoin, which will continue to grow stronger and more impactful. Here's to an incredible journey ahead, filled with innovation, collaboration, and success! Cheers to 2025!

@ 58937958:545e6994

2024年10月31日 ビットコインホワイトペーパー公開の記念日に合わせてカボチャようかんを作りました

100均のクリアファイルをビットコインロゴマークに切り抜きます

ちょっと固めに作った牛乳かんに₿マークを乗せて 包丁を使って気合で切ります

カボチャようかんを入れます

この時作ったのはちょっと固い配合で₿の隙間に入れるのが難しかったです

後で牛乳入りのサラッとしたようかんも試しましたがそちらの方が作りやすかったです

nostr:nevent1qqszzcz9npq5xgw08tp5wud0kg9wfacf9fkj07gu82wn3wjsad3wd2cppvjdw

特別な型などは必要ないので誰でもできます

牛乳かんの部分を色々変えて 他の料理にも応用したいと思います

@ 58edc6ae:e070cfa5

MiCA Regulation and the new AML Regulation have recently come into force, raising several concerns about how the EU is approaching non-custodial payment solutions. These include:

1. Conflicts with privacy standards and human rights norms

The rules permit excessive collection and sharing of information on private transactions without adequate safeguards, conflicting with EU privacy standards and international human rights principles, as emphasised in rulings by the Court of Justice of the European Union.

1. Blocking innovation

The regulations conflict with privacy-focused technologies, potentially stifling new ideas and platforms in the EU. This could weaken the EU’s position as a leader in digital finance.

1. Hurting competition

Compliance with these regulations increases operating costs for EU-based CASPs, placing them at a disadvantage compared to non-EU companies operating under less restrictive rules. This may push users toward unregulated services outside Europe, undermining the regulations' purpose.

1. Excluding vulnerable groups

The regulations could make it harder for people in poorer or politically unstable countries to access secure and private financial tools, leaving them without viable financial options.

---

These issues are explored in detail in the report prepared by nostr:npub15ka0zlfeys4vphnl6dk4x63e7sra0mp3wmrp4ml7q993z8km0n6spjxua8 and me for Open Dialogue Foundation upon the request of nostr:npub13ajk3hhvqys2ev4y68jwxywgs8fsdsuk4y5gkzs874jdyrccvf5qak2yd9 .

It is crucial to reopen the discussion on these issues and urge European lawmakers to reconsider their approach. The EU needs a regulatory framework that strikes a balance between security and privacy, fosters innovation, and rebuilds Europe’s weakened position in the global digital economy.

MiCA #AML

@ 656a6efa:ec0bd10e

Accounting Update 2.0 from 15th Centry -> 21st Century

Luca Pacioli’s double entry bookkeeping was a real 0 to 1 moment in the world of record keeping. Standardizing the accounting protocol allowed for a base level of trust between record keepers and interested parties of investors and owners. Trust might be a stretch of the word, in reality, it was really just an agreed upon structure or rules which then changed with consensus over time.

The problem we have been dealing with since reaching record keeping consensus is accuracy. The accounting protocol is not perfect. It relies heavily on human implementation and we are still too early in modern attempts at automating record keeping. Audited Financial Statements have typically been the answer to the problem of accuracy (though the level of scrutiny books go through in an audit would surprise most people not familiar with the processes of an audit). An audit, at best, just means that the information you’re looking at is ~mostly~ right. Described by an industry word, “material”.

The problem is with the banks. I know . . . you’re shocked a bitcoiner has a problem with banks . . . but it’s not like that. A large part of the record keeping process is comparing the bank record of transactions to the accounting records transactions in what is called a reconciliation. It’s just a comparison of the two ledgers. If those ledgers don’t agree, your records are wrong. You then take those bank ledgers and verify transactions with supporting documents like invoices, shipping records, and checks. It’s a tedious, potentially error-prone process.

Bitcoin, could fix this.

By tying transactions into a public, real-time ledger, there is no need for the bank reconciliation process. Global consensus deemed your transactions as valid and all an organization would have to do is prove they have the key. There’s even potential for organizations to embed invoices directly into payments meaning that each transaction has support for it with verification from an outside party of what the funds were used for. Instead of saying, “we have an audit as of 12/31/20XX” you have the potential for real-time audits of transactions with 100% accuracy. 100% verification of accuracy is not economically freasable or practical with today’s processes.

As of the day of this writing, that possibility is all but a dream, but I look forward to the day where accountants look more like today’s computer programmers than a 15th century monk.

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Heute möchte ich ein Gedicht mit euch teilen. Es handelt sich um eine Ballade des österreichischen Lyrikers Johann Gabriel Seidl aus dem 19. Jahrhundert. Mir sind diese Worte fest in Erinnerung, da meine Mutter sie perfekt rezitieren konnte, auch als die Kräfte schon langsam schwanden.

Dem originalen Titel «Die Uhr» habe ich für mich immer das Wort «innere» hinzugefügt. Denn der Zeitmesser – hier vermutliche eine Taschenuhr – symbolisiert zwar in dem Kontext das damalige Zeitempfinden und die Umbrüche durch die industrielle Revolution, sozusagen den Zeitgeist und das moderne Leben. Aber der Autor setzt sich philosophisch mit der Zeit auseinander und gibt seinem Werk auch eine klar spirituelle Dimension.

Das Ticken der Uhr und die Momente des Glücks und der Trauer stehen sinnbildlich für das unaufhaltsame Fortschreiten und die Vergänglichkeit des Lebens. Insofern könnte man bei der Uhr auch an eine Sonnenuhr denken. Der Rhythmus der Ereignisse passt uns vielleicht nicht immer in den Kram.

Was den Takt pocht, ist durchaus auch das Herz, unser «inneres Uhrwerk». Wenn dieses Meisterwerk einmal stillsteht, ist es unweigerlich um uns geschehen. Hoffentlich können wir dann dankbar sagen: «Ich habe mein Bestes gegeben.»

Ich trage, wo ich gehe, stets eine Uhr bei mir; \ Wieviel es geschlagen habe, genau seh ich an ihr. \ Es ist ein großer Meister, der künstlich ihr Werk gefügt, \ Wenngleich ihr Gang nicht immer dem törichten Wunsche genügt.

Ich wollte, sie wäre rascher gegangen an manchem Tag; \ Ich wollte, sie hätte manchmal verzögert den raschen Schlag. \ In meinen Leiden und Freuden, in Sturm und in der Ruh, \ Was immer geschah im Leben, sie pochte den Takt dazu.

Sie schlug am Sarge des Vaters, sie schlug an des Freundes Bahr, \ Sie schlug am Morgen der Liebe, sie schlug am Traualtar. \ Sie schlug an der Wiege des Kindes, sie schlägt, will's Gott, noch oft, \ Wenn bessere Tage kommen, wie meine Seele es hofft.

Und ward sie auch einmal träger, und drohte zu stocken ihr Lauf, \ So zog der Meister immer großmütig sie wieder auf. \ Doch stände sie einmal stille, dann wär's um sie geschehn, \ Kein andrer, als der sie fügte, bringt die Zerstörte zum Gehn.

Dann müßt ich zum Meister wandern, der wohnt am Ende wohl weit, \ Wohl draußen, jenseits der Erde, wohl dort in der Ewigkeit! \ Dann gäb ich sie ihm zurücke mit dankbar kindlichem Flehn: \ Sieh, Herr, ich hab nichts verdorben, sie blieb von selber stehn.

Johann Gabriel Seidl (1804-1875)

@ 24862769:20eb96a7

Over the years, the internet has become worse and worse, more and more portals are being destroyed. Everything was working fine around 2008-2010. Then it started to change for the worse... What am I talking about? Everything that was good for the internet. IRC, various chats on websites, ICQ, internet forums, or home pages, comments under articles which are now increasingly being forgotten in favor of centralized services, like Facebook or Discord.

People, instead of creating home pages, buying hosting, prefer to create fan pages on Facebook, and then they cry that Facebook blocked them for no reason. Bans for no reason on such portals are quite common. The same is with Discord, which is closed from the outside, and you can't find any posts that interest you without registering and entering a given server. In addition, there is the fact that for years you gather friends, you get close to them you talk about something every day, until you get banned for no reason. All friendships are lost, everything you wrote, everything you worked hard for - is lost, just because, no one cares...

Additionally, there are regulations and laws. In more and more countries, the age-verification law is starting to become fashionable - to be able to use a given portal, you have to be over 18 years old. Some people are happy about this, because children will not have access to some things, which I agree with. But unfortunately, this step will also affect adults, it will probably end with everyone having to show their ID card when registering for some services, and in the future, a digital ID. An additional step that will require additional effort from you. Anonymity will end, admins will know who you are and what your name is.

I think that one of the solutions is to decentralize everything. People should stop using Facebook or Discord in favor of more open solutions such as matrix.org or nostr. Thanks to many servers from different countries from different people, it will be difficult to have political censorship. Because a server from Russia will not obey the law from the USA, and vice versa. If you write something about Taiwan on a Chinese server, the post may be deleted, but in the USA it will be allowed. In addition, there are groundless bans, in such a "nostr", even if one server bans you, you have hundreds of others to choose from. But as you can see, most people do not think this way and continue to sit on these closed solutions like Facebook. Because of this, there are few interesting channels or people on matrix.org, and more bots that simply litter the channel. That is why I think that a grassroots initiative is needed to promote such solutions, some rich companies should look into this and start investing in open solutions.

Unfortunately, this is not the case, sites like Facebook are increasingly closed, they have increasingly strict user rights, you have to show them even a video of your face so that they can register you on it. And the average person does not see anything, they do not see that the Internet is going in a very bad direction through corporations like Facebook, Google. Oh well, let's hope that this will change someday, because if it continues like this the internet will become unusable...

@ cf7ed325:050194cf

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Onboard, guests enjoy spacious cabins, fine dining, and a range of amenities, ensuring a comfortable experience while cruising along the Nile. The Sonesta St. George Nile Cruise is known for its impeccable service and stunning views of the Nile River, providing a truly unique way to experience Egypt's ancient sites.

If you're seeking an alternative luxury experience, the Oberoi Zahra Nile Cruise offers another top-tier option. This cruise is renowned for its ultra-luxurious amenities and intimate atmosphere, making it ideal for those looking for a more exclusive Nile experience. Similarly, the Oberoi Philae Nile Cruise combines exceptional service with exquisite decor, perfect for travelers looking to immerse themselves in Egypt's history and beauty.

For those who prefer a slightly more modern touch, the Movenpick Sunray Nile Cruise and the Movenpick Darakum Nile Cruise provide a blend of contemporary luxury and traditional charm. Both cruises feature world-class facilities, including spacious cabins, excellent dining options, and guided excursions to iconic sites such as the Valley of the Kings and Karnak Temple.

If you’re looking for more variety, the Historia Nile Cruise offers a unique experience with its classic elegance and attention to detail, while the Farah Nile Cruise is another luxurious option with exceptional service.

For an unforgettable Nile adventure, you might also consider the Jaz Regent Nile Cruise or one of the Sonesta Sun Goddess Nile Cruise, Sonesta Star Goddess Nile Cruise, Sonesta Moon Goddess Nile Cruise, and Sonesta Nile Goddess Nile Cruise. Each of these cruises offers a distinct experience, ensuring that every traveler can find the perfect fit for their journey down the Nile.

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@ a95c6243:d345522c

Falls du beim Lesen des Titels dieses Newsletters unwillkürlich an positive Neuigkeiten aus dem globalen polit-medialen Irrenhaus oder gar aus dem wirtschaftlichen Umfeld gedacht hast, darf ich dich beglückwünschen. Diese Assoziation ist sehr löblich, denn sie weist dich als unverbesserlichen Optimisten aus. Leider muss ich dich diesbezüglich aber enttäuschen. Es geht hier um ein anderes Thema, allerdings sehr wohl ein positives, wie ich finde.

Heute ist ein ganz besonderer Tag: die Wintersonnenwende. Genau gesagt hat heute morgen um 10:20 Uhr Mitteleuropäischer Zeit (MEZ) auf der Nordhalbkugel unseres Planeten der astronomische Winter begonnen. Was daran so außergewöhnlich ist? Der kürzeste Tag des Jahres war gestern, seit heute werden die Tage bereits wieder länger! Wir werden also jetzt jeden Tag ein wenig mehr Licht haben.

Für mich ist dieses Ereignis immer wieder etwas kurios: Es beginnt der Winter, aber die Tage werden länger. Das erscheint mir zunächst wie ein Widerspruch, denn meine spontanen Assoziationen zum Winter sind doch eher Kälte und Dunkelheit, relativ zumindest. Umso erfreulicher ist der emotionale Effekt, wenn dann langsam die Erkenntnis durchsickert: Ab jetzt wird es schon wieder heller!

Natürlich ist es kalt im Winter, mancherorts mehr als anderswo. Vielleicht jedoch nicht mehr lange, wenn man den Klimahysterikern glauben wollte. Mindestens letztes Jahr hat Väterchen Frost allerdings gleich zu Beginn seiner Saison – und passenderweise während des globalen Überhitzungsgipfels in Dubai – nochmal richtig mit der Faust auf den Tisch gehauen. Schnee- und Eischaos sind ja eigentlich in der Agenda bereits nicht mehr vorgesehen. Deswegen war man in Deutschland vermutlich in vorauseilendem Gehorsam schon nicht mehr darauf vorbereitet und wurde glatt lahmgelegt.

Aber ich schweife ab. Die Aussicht auf nach und nach mehr Licht und damit auch Wärme stimmt mich froh. Den Zusammenhang zwischen beidem merkt man in Andalusien sehr deutlich. Hier, wo die Häuser im Winter arg auskühlen, geht man zum Aufwärmen raus auf die Straße oder auf den Balkon. Die Sonne hat auch im Winter eine erfreuliche Kraft. Und da ist jede Minute Gold wert.

Außerdem ist mir vor Jahren so richtig klar geworden, warum mir das südliche Klima so sehr gefällt. Das liegt nämlich nicht nur an der Sonne als solcher, oder der Wärme – das liegt vor allem am Licht. Ohne Licht keine Farben, das ist der ebenso simple wie gewaltige Unterschied zwischen einem deprimierenden matschgraubraunen Winter und einem fröhlichen bunten. Ein großes Stück Lebensqualität.

Mir gefällt aber auch die Symbolik dieses Tages: Licht aus der Dunkelheit, ein Wendepunkt, ein Neuanfang, neue Möglichkeiten, Übergang zu neuer Aktivität. In der winterlichen Stille keimt bereits neue Lebendigkeit. Und zwar in einem Zyklus, das wird immer wieder so geschehen. Ich nehme das gern als ein Stück Motivation, es macht mir Hoffnung und gibt mir Energie.

Übrigens ist parallel am heutigen Tag auf der südlichen Halbkugel Sommeranfang. Genau im entgegengesetzten Rhythmus, sich ergänzend, wie Yin und Yang. Das alles liegt an der Schrägstellung der Erdachse, die ist nämlich um 23,4º zur Umlaufbahn um die Sonne geneigt. Wir erinnern uns, gell?

Insofern bleibt eindeutig festzuhalten, dass “schräg sein” ein willkommener, wichtiger und positiver Wert ist. Mit anderen Worten: auch ungewöhnlich, eigenartig, untypisch, wunderlich, kauzig, … ja sogar irre, spinnert oder gar “quer” ist in Ordnung. Das schließt das Denken mit ein.

In diesem Sinne wünsche ich euch allen urige Weihnachtstage!

---

Dieser Beitrag ist letztes Jahr in meiner Denkbar erschienen.

@ 300352ae:8be8c8b3

Rilatoj inter Prezidento Joe Biden kaj Vicprezidanto Kamala Harris laŭdire fariĝis pli malvarmaj post ŝia lastatempa elektoperdo, laŭ raporto. Fontoj proksimaj al ambaŭ gvidantoj indikas, ke privataj interagoj inter iliaj familioj estas pli streĉitaj kompare kun la komencaj tagoj de la administracio. Oni mencias, ke la malboniĝo en rilatoj estas aparte rimarkebla inter Unua Damo Jill Biden kaj Vicprezidanto Harris. Jill Biden laŭdire havis hezitojn pri Harris ekde la antaŭbalotdebatoj de 2020, kiam Harris kritikis Biden pro iliaj pasintaj sintenoj kontraŭ federaciaj transportadprogramoj celantaj malkomplezi lernejojn. Tiu kritiko havis personecan efikon sur Jill Biden, kontribuante al ŝia daŭra malkomforteco kun la vicprezidanto.

La raporto emfazas, ke la politikaj kaj personaj dinamikoj inter la du familioj fariĝis pli tensaj post la perdo de Harris en la prezidenta vetkuro. La privata etoso inter la Bidens kaj Harris kaj ŝia edzo Doug Emhoff foje estis malvarma, laŭ la raportoj. Prezidanto Biden laŭdire kredas, ke li povus esti venkinta la elekton, se li restus en la vetkuro. Tiu sento estis respegulita de iuj konsilistoj, kiuj argumentas, ke la sperto kaj sukceso de Biden, precipe lia venko kontraŭ Donald Trump en 2020, igus lin pli impona kandidato.

Laŭ aparta raporto, Biden private esprimis bedaŭron pro sia decido retiriĝi el la elekto de 2024. Kvankam li agnoskas erarojn en gvidado, li sentas, ke li devus resti en la vetkuro spite al la defioj, kiuj kondukis al lia retiro. La Blanka Domo reĝis tiujn raportojn, kun proparolanto substrekante, ke ambaŭ gvidantoj fokusas liveri rezultojn por usonaj familioj.

La decido de Biden retiriĝi en julio sekvis televidecan debaton kun Trump, kiu altiris kritikon kaj pliigis zorgojn pri lia aĝo kaj kognaj kapabloj. Li publike agnoskis, ke lia agado dum la debato estis nekontentiga, dirante, ke li “fuŝis”, ĉar li luktis por klare esprimi siajn politikojn. Tiu decido malfermis la vojon por Kamala Harris fariĝi la Demokrata kandidato, sed ŝi poste estis venkita de Trump en la novembro-elekto.

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Das Betriebsklima ist das einzige Klima, \ das du selbst bestimmen kannst. \ Anonym

Eine Strategie zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel hat das deutsche Bundeskabinett diese Woche beschlossen. Da «Wetterextreme wie die immer häufiger auftretenden Hitzewellen und Starkregenereignisse» oft desaströse Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt hätten, werde eine Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels immer wichtiger. «Klimaanpassungsstrategie» nennt die Regierung das.

Für die «Vorsorge vor Klimafolgen» habe man nun erstmals klare Ziele und messbare Kennzahlen festgelegt. So sei der Erfolg überprüfbar, und das solle zu einer schnelleren Bewältigung der Folgen führen. Dass sich hinter dem Begriff Klimafolgen nicht Folgen des Klimas, sondern wohl «Folgen der globalen Erwärmung» verbergen, erklärt den Interessierten die Wikipedia. Dabei ist das mit der Erwärmung ja bekanntermaßen so eine Sache.

Die Zunahme schwerer Unwetterereignisse habe gezeigt, so das Ministerium, wie wichtig eine frühzeitige und effektive Warnung der Bevölkerung sei. Daher solle es eine deutliche Anhebung der Nutzerzahlen der sogenannten Nina-Warn-App geben.

Die ARD spurt wie gewohnt und setzt die Botschaft zielsicher um. Der Artikel beginnt folgendermaßen:

«Die Flut im Ahrtal war ein Schock für das ganze Land. Um künftig besser gegen Extremwetter gewappnet zu sein, hat die Bundesregierung eine neue Strategie zur Klimaanpassung beschlossen. Die Warn-App Nina spielt eine zentrale Rolle. Der Bund will die Menschen in Deutschland besser vor Extremwetter-Ereignissen warnen und dafür die Reichweite der Warn-App Nina deutlich erhöhen.»

Die Kommunen würden bei ihren «Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen» vom Zentrum KlimaAnpassung unterstützt, schreibt das Umweltministerium. Mit dessen Aufbau wurden das Deutsche Institut für Urbanistik gGmbH, welches sich stark für Smart City-Projekte engagiert, und die Adelphi Consult GmbH beauftragt.

Adelphi beschreibt sich selbst als «Europas führender Think-and-Do-Tank und eine unabhängige Beratung für Klima, Umwelt und Entwicklung». Sie seien «global vernetzte Strateg*innen und weltverbessernde Berater*innen» und als «Vorreiter der sozial-ökologischen Transformation» sei man mit dem Deutschen Nachhaltigkeitspreis ausgezeichnet worden, welcher sich an den Zielen der Agenda 2030 orientiere.

Über die Warn-App mit dem niedlichen Namen Nina, die möglichst jeder auf seinem Smartphone installieren soll, informiert das Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe (BBK). Gewarnt wird nicht nur vor Extrem-Wetterereignissen, sondern zum Beispiel auch vor Waffengewalt und Angriffen, Strom- und anderen Versorgungsausfällen oder Krankheitserregern. Wenn man die Kategorie Gefahreninformation wählt, erhält man eine Dosis von ungefähr zwei Benachrichtigungen pro Woche.

Beim BBK erfahren wir auch einiges über die empfohlenen Systemeinstellungen für Nina. Der Benutzer möge zum Beispiel den Zugriff auf die Standortdaten «immer zulassen», und zwar mit aktivierter Funktion «genauen Standort verwenden». Die Datennutzung solle unbeschränkt sein, auch im Hintergrund. Außerdem sei die uneingeschränkte Akkunutzung zu aktivieren, der Energiesparmodus auszuschalten und das Stoppen der App-Aktivität bei Nichtnutzung zu unterbinden.

Dass man so dramatische Ereignisse wie damals im Ahrtal auch anders bewerten kann als Regierungen und Systemmedien, hat meine Kollegin Wiltrud Schwetje anhand der Tragödie im spanischen Valencia gezeigt. Das Stichwort «Agenda 2030» taucht dabei in einem Kontext auf, der wenig mit Nachhaltigkeitspreisen zu tun hat.

---

Dieser Beitrag ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ a10260a2:caa23e3e

I’d like to start off by saying that phoenixd has been a great experience so far. The install (on a Linux machine) was as easy as depicted on their website.

And the channel I opened via auto liquidity was super simple. I didn’t have to pick an LSP and I won’t need to manage liquidity.

Unfortunately, the machine I installed the software on started to freeze seconds after every boot. After posting about it here and getting an answer from nostr:npub1lxktpvp5cnq3wl5ctu2x88e30mc0ahh8v47qvzc5dmneqqjrzlkqpm5xlc, I was surprised at how easy the migration seemed.

It really was just a matter of restoring the seed words on another phoenixd instance. Of course, making sure that the two instances don’t run at the same time.

As easy as it was, I wanted to create this post to give a quick overview for those who might be less tech savvy.

Step 1

Grab seed words from the seed.dat file in hidden.phoenix folder on the old machine.

Step 2

Install phoenixd on the new machine

``` $ wget https://github.com/ACINQ/phoenixd/releases/download/v0.4.2/phoenix-0.4.2-linux-x64.zip $ unzip -j phoenix-0.4.2-linux-x64.zip

$ # run the daemon: that's it! $ ./phoenixd ```

Step 3

(This is the step that wasn’t super clear and why I wanted to spell it out in this post)

In order to install the software, ./phoenixd has to be run. This is going to generate a new seed phrase.

Now, all you need to do is replace the seed words in seed.dat with the ones from the original install.

In retrospect, I think you can replace the seed words right after unzipping the zip file and before running ./phoenixd. That will probably achieve the same result.

Step 4

Once the seed words have been restored. Just run ./phoenixd again and it’ll start up like nothing happened.

Literally.

There was no indication whatsoever that something had changed, so I ran ./phoenix-cli getinfo and, voila, there was my 2M-sat channel.

It was quite magical.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/829411

Update (1/1/2025)

Phoenix Support got back to me and confirmed that the migration can be even simpler. You can actually just copy the ~/.phoenix directory onto the new machine and run ./phoenix!

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Die Ungerechtigkeit ist uns nur in dem Falle angenehm,\ dass wir Vorteile aus ihr ziehen;\ in jedem andern hegt man den Wunsch,\ dass der Unschuldige in Schutz genommen werde.\ Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Politiker beteuern jederzeit, nur das Beste für die Bevölkerung zu wollen – nicht von ihr. Auch die zahlreichen unsäglichen «Corona-Maßnahmen» waren angeblich zu unserem Schutz notwendig, vor allem wegen der «besonders vulnerablen Personen». Daher mussten alle möglichen Restriktionen zwangsweise und unter Umgehung der Parlamente verordnet werden.

Inzwischen hat sich immer deutlicher herausgestellt, dass viele jener «Schutzmaßnahmen» den gegenteiligen Effekt hatten, sie haben den Menschen und den Gesellschaften enorm geschadet. Nicht nur haben die experimentellen Geninjektionen – wie erwartet – massive Nebenwirkungen, sondern Maskentragen schadet der Psyche und der Entwicklung (nicht nur unserer Kinder) und «Lockdowns und Zensur haben Menschen getötet».

Eine der wichtigsten Waffen unserer «Beschützer» ist die Spaltung der Gesellschaft. Die tiefen Gräben, die Politiker, Lobbyisten und Leitmedien praktisch weltweit ausgehoben haben, funktionieren leider nahezu in Perfektion. Von ihren persönlichen Erfahrungen als Kritikerin der Maßnahmen berichtete kürzlich eine Schweizerin im Interview mit Transition News. Sie sei schwer enttäuscht und verspüre bis heute eine Hemmschwelle und ein seltsames Unwohlsein im Umgang mit «Geimpften».

Menschen, die aufrichtig andere schützen wollten, werden von einer eindeutig politischen Justiz verfolgt, verhaftet und angeklagt. Dazu zählen viele Ärzte, darunter Heinrich Habig, Bianca Witzschel und Walter Weber. Über den aktuell laufenden Prozess gegen Dr. Weber hat Transition News mehrfach berichtet (z.B. hier und hier). Auch der Selbstschutz durch Verweigerung der Zwangs-Covid-«Impfung» bewahrt nicht vor dem Knast, wie Bundeswehrsoldaten wie Alexander Bittner erfahren mussten.

Die eigentlich Kriminellen schützen sich derweil erfolgreich selber, nämlich vor der Verantwortung. Die «Impf»-Kampagne war «das größte Verbrechen gegen die Menschheit». Trotzdem stellt man sich in den USA gerade die Frage, ob der scheidende Präsident Joe Biden nach seinem Sohn Hunter möglicherweise auch Anthony Fauci begnadigen wird – in diesem Fall sogar präventiv. Gibt es überhaupt noch einen Rest Glaubwürdigkeit, den Biden verspielen könnte?

Der Gedanke, den ehemaligen wissenschaftlichen Chefberater des US-Präsidenten und Direktor des National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) vorsorglich mit einem Schutzschild zu versehen, dürfte mit der vergangenen Präsidentschaftswahl zu tun haben. Gleich mehrere Personalentscheidungen des designierten Präsidenten Donald Trump lassen Leute wie Fauci erneut in den Fokus rücken.

Das Buch «The Real Anthony Fauci» des nominierten US-Gesundheitsministers Robert F. Kennedy Jr. erschien 2021 und dreht sich um die Machenschaften der Pharma-Lobby in der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Das Vorwort zur rumänischen Ausgabe des Buches schrieb übrigens Călin Georgescu, der Überraschungssieger der ersten Wahlrunde der aktuellen Präsidentschaftswahlen in Rumänien. Vielleicht erklärt diese Verbindung einen Teil der Panik im Wertewesten.

In Rumänien selber gab es gerade einen Paukenschlag: Das bisherige Ergebnis wurde heute durch das Verfassungsgericht annuliert und die für Sonntag angesetzte Stichwahl kurzfristig abgesagt – wegen angeblicher «aggressiver russischer Einmischung». Thomas Oysmüller merkt dazu an, damit sei jetzt in der EU das Tabu gebrochen, Wahlen zu verbieten, bevor sie etwas ändern können.

Unsere Empörung angesichts der Historie von Maßnahmen, die die Falschen beschützen und für die meisten von Nachteil sind, müsste enorm sein. Die Frage ist, was wir damit machen. Wir sollten nach vorne schauen und unsere Energie clever einsetzen. Abgesehen von der Umgehung von jeglichem «Schutz vor Desinformation und Hassrede» (sprich: Zensur) wird es unsere wichtigste Aufgabe sein, Gräben zu überwinden.

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Dieser Beitrag ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ 300352ae:8be8c8b3

Rilatoj inter Prezidento Joe Biden kaj Vicprezidanto Kamala Harris laŭdire fariĝis pli malvarmaj post ŝia lastatempa elektoperdo, laŭ raporto. Fontoj proksimaj al ambaŭ gvidantoj indikas, ke privataj interagoj inter iliaj familioj estas pli streĉitaj kompare kun la komencaj tagoj de la administracio. Oni mencias, ke la malboniĝo en rilatoj estas aparte rimarkebla inter Unua Damo Jill Biden kaj Vicprezidanto Harris. Jill Biden laŭdire havis hezitojn pri Harris ekde la antaŭbalotdebatoj de 2020, kiam Harris kritikis Biden pro iliaj pasintaj sintenoj kontraŭ federaciaj transportadprogramoj celantaj malkomplezi lernejojn. Tiu kritiko havis personecan efikon sur Jill Biden, kontribuante al ŝia daŭra malkomforteco kun la vicprezidanto.

La raporto emfazas, ke la politikaj kaj personaj dinamikoj inter la du familioj fariĝis pli tensaj post la perdo de Harris en la prezidenta vetkuro. La privata etoso inter la Bidens kaj Harris kaj ŝia edzo Doug Emhoff foje estis malvarma, laŭ la raportoj. Prezidanto Biden laŭdire kredas, ke li povus esti venkinta la elekton, se li restus en la vetkuro. Tiu sento estis respegulita de iuj konsilistoj, kiuj argumentas, ke la sperto kaj sukceso de Biden, precipe lia venko kontraŭ Donald Trump en 2020, igus lin pli impona kandidato.

Laŭ aparta raporto, Biden private esprimis bedaŭron pro sia decido retiriĝi el la elekto de 2024. Kvankam li agnoskas erarojn en gvidado, li sentas, ke li devus resti en la vetkuro spite al la defioj, kiuj kondukis al lia retiro. La Blanka Domo reĝis tiujn raportojn, kun proparolanto substrekante, ke ambaŭ gvidantoj fokusas liveri rezultojn por usonaj familioj.

La decido de Biden retiriĝi en julio sekvis televidecan debaton kun Trump, kiu altiris kritikon kaj pliigis zorgojn pri lia aĝo kaj kognaj kapabloj. Li publike agnoskis, ke lia agado dum la debato estis nekontentiga, dirante, ke li “fuŝis”, ĉar li luktis por klare esprimi siajn politikojn. Tiu decido malfermis la vojon por Kamala Harris fariĝi la Demokrata kandidato, sed ŝi poste estis venkita de Trump en la novembro-elekto.

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Konsum ist Therapie.
Wolfgang Joop

Umweltbewusstes Verhalten und verantwortungsvoller Konsum zeugen durchaus von einer wünschenswerten Einstellung. Ob man deswegen allerdings einen grünen statt eines schwarzen Freitags braucht, darf getrost bezweifelt werden – zumal es sich um manipulatorische Konzepte handelt. Wie in der politischen Landschaft sind auch hier die Etiketten irgendwas zwischen nichtssagend und trügerisch.

Heute ist also wieder mal «Black Friday», falls Sie es noch nicht mitbekommen haben sollten. Eigentlich haben wir ja eher schon eine ganze «Black Week», der dann oft auch noch ein «Cyber Monday» folgt. Die Werbebranche wird nicht müde, immer neue Anlässe zu erfinden oder zu importieren, um uns zum Konsumieren zu bewegen. Und sie ist damit sehr erfolgreich.

Warum fallen wir auf derartige Werbetricks herein und kaufen im Zweifelsfall Dinge oder Mengen, die wir sicher nicht brauchen? Pure Psychologie, würde ich sagen. Rabattschilder triggern etwas in uns, was den Verstand in Stand-by versetzt. Zusätzlich beeinflussen uns alle möglichen emotionalen Reize und animieren uns zum Schnäppchenkauf.

Gedankenlosigkeit und Maßlosigkeit können besonders bei der Ernährung zu ernsten Problemen führen. Erst kürzlich hat mir ein Bekannter nach einer USA-Reise erzählt, dass es dort offenbar nicht unüblich ist, schon zum ausgiebigen Frühstück in einem Restaurant wenigstens einen Liter Cola zu trinken. Gerne auch mehr, um das Gratis-Nachfüllen des Bechers auszunutzen.

Kritik am schwarzen Freitag und dem unnötigen Konsum kommt oft von Umweltschützern. Neben Ressourcenverschwendung, hohem Energieverbrauch und wachsenden Müllbergen durch eine zunehmende Wegwerfmentalität kommt dabei in der Regel auch die «Klimakrise» auf den Tisch.

Die EU-Kommission lancierte 2015 den Begriff «Green Friday» im Kontext der überarbeiteten Rechtsvorschriften zur Kennzeichnung der Energieeffizienz von Elektrogeräten. Sie nutzte die Gelegenheit kurz vor dem damaligen schwarzen Freitag und vor der UN-Klimakonferenz COP21, bei der das Pariser Abkommen unterzeichnet werden sollte.

Heute wird ein grüner Freitag oft im Zusammenhang mit der Forderung nach «nachhaltigem Konsum» benutzt. Derweil ist die Europäische Union schon weit in ihr Geschäftsmodell des «Green New Deal» verstrickt. In ihrer Propaganda zum Klimawandel verspricht sie tatsächlich «Unterstützung der Menschen und Regionen, die von immer häufigeren Extremwetter-Ereignissen betroffen sind». Was wohl die Menschen in der Region um Valencia dazu sagen?

Ganz im Sinne des Great Reset propagierten die Vereinten Nationen seit Ende 2020 eine «grüne Erholung von Covid-19, um den Klimawandel zu verlangsamen». Der UN-Umweltbericht sah in dem Jahr einen Schwerpunkt auf dem Verbraucherverhalten. Änderungen des Konsumverhaltens des Einzelnen könnten dazu beitragen, den Klimaschutz zu stärken, hieß es dort.

Der Begriff «Schwarzer Freitag» wurde in den USA nicht erstmals für Einkäufe nach Thanksgiving verwendet – wie oft angenommen –, sondern für eine Finanzkrise. Jedoch nicht für den Börsencrash von 1929, sondern bereits für den Zusammenbruch des US-Goldmarktes im September 1869. Seitdem mussten die Menschen weltweit so einige schwarze Tage erleben.

Kürzlich sind die britischen Aufsichtsbehörden weiter von ihrer Zurückhaltung nach dem letzten großen Finanzcrash von 2008 abgerückt. Sie haben Regeln für den Bankensektor gelockert, womit sie «verantwortungsvolle Risikobereitschaft» unterstützen wollen. Man würde sicher zu schwarz sehen, wenn man hier ein grünes Wunder befürchten würde.

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Dieser Beitrag ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ 300352ae:8be8c8b3

Rilatoj inter Prezidento Joe Biden kaj Vicprezidanto Kamala Harris laŭdire fariĝis pli malvarmaj post ŝia lastatempa elektoperdo, laŭ raporto. Fontoj proksimaj al ambaŭ gvidantoj indikas, ke privataj interagoj inter iliaj familioj estas pli streĉitaj kompare kun la komencaj tagoj de la administracio. Oni mencias, ke la malboniĝo en rilatoj estas aparte rimarkebla inter Unua Damo Jill Biden kaj Vicprezidanto Harris. Jill Biden laŭdire havis hezitojn pri Harris ekde la antaŭbalotdebatoj de 2020, kiam Harris kritikis Biden pro iliaj pasintaj sintenoj kontraŭ federaciaj transportadprogramoj celantaj malkomplezi lernejojn. Tiu kritiko havis personecan efikon sur Jill Biden, kontribuante al ŝia daŭra malkomforteco kun la vicprezidanto.

La raporto emfazas, ke la politikaj kaj personaj dinamikoj inter la du familioj fariĝis pli tensaj post la perdo de Harris en la prezidenta vetkuro. La privata etoso inter la Bidens kaj Harris kaj ŝia edzo Doug Emhoff foje estis malvarma, laŭ la raportoj. Prezidanto Biden laŭdire kredas, ke li povus esti venkinta la elekton, se li restus en la vetkuro. Tiu sento estis respegulita de iuj konsilistoj, kiuj argumentas, ke la sperto kaj sukceso de Biden, precipe lia venko kontraŭ Donald Trump en 2020, igus lin pli impona kandidato.

Laŭ aparta raporto, Biden private esprimis bedaŭron pro sia decido retiriĝi el la elekto de 2024. Kvankam li agnoskas erarojn en gvidado, li sentas, ke li devus resti en la vetkuro spite al la defioj, kiuj kondukis al lia retiro. La Blanka Domo reĝis tiujn raportojn, kun proparolanto substrekante, ke ambaŭ gvidantoj fokusas liveri rezultojn por usonaj familioj.

La decido de Biden retiriĝi en julio sekvis televidecan debaton kun Trump, kiu altiris kritikon kaj pliigis zorgojn pri lia aĝo kaj kognaj kapabloj. Li publike agnoskis, ke lia agado dum la debato estis nekontentiga, dirante, ke li “fuŝis”, ĉar li luktis por klare esprimi siajn politikojn. Tiu decido malfermis la vojon por Kamala Harris fariĝi la Demokrata kandidato, sed ŝi poste estis venkita de Trump en la novembro-elekto.

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Und plötzlich weißt du:
Es ist Zeit, etwas Neues zu beginnen
und dem Zauber des Anfangs zu vertrauen.
Meister Eckhart

Schwarz, rot, gold leuchtet es im Kopf des Newsletters der deutschen Bundesregierung, der mir freitags ins Postfach flattert. Rot, gelb und grün werden daneben sicher noch lange vielzitierte Farben sein, auch wenn diese nie geleuchtet haben. Die Ampel hat sich gerade selber den Stecker gezogen – und hinterlässt einen wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Trümmerhaufen.

Mit einem bemerkenswerten Timing hat die deutsche Regierungskoalition am Tag des «Comebacks» von Donald Trump in den USA endlich ihr Scheitern besiegelt. Während der eine seinen Sieg bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen feierte, erwachten die anderen jäh aus ihrer Selbsthypnose rund um Harris-Hype und Trump-Panik – mit teils erschreckenden Auswüchsen. Seit Mittwoch werden die Geschicke Deutschlands nun von einer rot-grünen Minderheitsregierung «geleitet» und man steuert auf Neuwahlen zu.

Das Kindergarten-Gehabe um zwei konkurrierende Wirtschaftsgipfel letzte Woche war bereits bezeichnend. In einem Strategiepapier gestand Finanzminister Lindner außerdem den «Absturz Deutschlands» ein und offenbarte, dass die wirtschaftlichen Probleme teilweise von der Ampel-Politik «vorsätzlich herbeigeführt» worden seien.

Lindner und weitere FDP-Minister wurden also vom Bundeskanzler entlassen. Verkehrs- und Digitalminister Wissing trat flugs aus der FDP aus; deshalb darf er nicht nur im Amt bleiben, sondern hat zusätzlich noch das Justizministerium übernommen. Und mit Jörg Kukies habe Scholz «seinen Lieblingsbock zum Obergärtner», sprich: Finanzminister befördert, meint Norbert Häring.

Es gebe keine Vertrauensbasis für die weitere Zusammenarbeit mit der FDP, hatte der Kanzler erklärt, Lindner habe zu oft sein Vertrauen gebrochen. Am 15. Januar 2025 werde er daher im Bundestag die Vertrauensfrage stellen, was ggf. den Weg für vorgezogene Neuwahlen freimachen würde.

Apropos Vertrauen: Über die Hälfte der Bundesbürger glauben, dass sie ihre Meinung nicht frei sagen können. Das ging erst kürzlich aus dem diesjährigen «Freiheitsindex» hervor, einer Studie, die die Wechselwirkung zwischen Berichterstattung der Medien und subjektivem Freiheitsempfinden der Bürger misst. «Beim Vertrauen in Staat und Medien zerreißt es uns gerade», kommentierte dies der Leiter des Schweizer Unternehmens Media Tenor, das die Untersuchung zusammen mit dem Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach durchführt.

«Die absolute Mehrheit hat absolut die Nase voll», titelte die Bild angesichts des «Ampel-Showdowns». Die Mehrheit wolle Neuwahlen und die Grünen sollten zuerst gehen, lasen wir dort.

Dass «Insolvenzminister» Robert Habeck heute seine Kandidatur für das Kanzleramt verkündet hat, kann nur als Teil der politmedialen Realitätsverweigerung verstanden werden. Wer allerdings denke, schlimmer als in Zeiten der Ampel könne es nicht mehr werden, sei reichlich optimistisch, schrieb Uwe Froschauer bei Manova. Und er kenne Friedrich Merz schlecht, der sich schon jetzt rhetorisch auf seine Rolle als oberster Feldherr Deutschlands vorbereite.

Was also tun? Der Schweizer Verein «Losdemokratie» will eine Volksinitiative lancieren, um die Bestimmung von Parlamentsmitgliedern per Los einzuführen. Das Losverfahren sorge für mehr Demokratie, denn als Alternative zum Wahlverfahren garantiere es eine breitere Beteiligung und repräsentativere Parlamente. Ob das ein Weg ist, sei dahingestellt.

In jedem Fall wird es notwendig sein, unsere Bemühungen um Freiheit und Selbstbestimmung zu verstärken. Mehr Unabhängigkeit von staatlichen und zentralen Institutionen – also die Suche nach dezentralen Lösungsansätzen – gehört dabei sicher zu den Möglichkeiten. Das gilt sowohl für jede/n Einzelne/n als auch für Entitäten wie die alternativen Medien.

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Dieser Beitrag ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ 0b118e40:4edc09cb

1. It is ok to try and fail, so long as you learn from it and be better.
2. Keep moving forward.
3. Walk the talk.
4. Empathy and self development is crucial.
5. There is a difference between arrogance and confidence.
6. Don't cheat people.
7. Don't be lazy. Don't keep making excuses. It's a put off.
8. If there is a problem, you can choose to talk about it or find means to fix it. The latter makes all the difference.
9. Respect other people's time. Respect all people, regardless of ranks , status etc.
10. Always be the best of the best. At least try to.

I am personally inspired by the day-to-day stories of hardworking individuals, ordinary people with extraordinary determination who find honest means of survival.

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Es ist besser, ein Licht zu entzünden, als auf die Dunkelheit zu schimpfen. Konfuzius

Die Bemühungen um Aufarbeitung der sogenannten Corona-Pandemie, um Aufklärung der Hintergründe, Benennung von Verantwortlichkeiten und das Ziehen von Konsequenzen sind durchaus nicht eingeschlafen. Das Interesse daran ist unter den gegebenen Umständen vielleicht nicht sonderlich groß, aber es ist vorhanden.

Der sächsische Landtag hat gestern die Einsetzung eines Untersuchungsausschusses zur Corona-Politik beschlossen. In einer Sondersitzung erhielt ein entsprechender Antrag der AfD-Fraktion die ausreichende Zustimmung, auch von einigen Abgeordneten des BSW.

In den Niederlanden wird Bill Gates vor Gericht erscheinen müssen. Sieben durch die Covid-«Impfstoffe» geschädigte Personen hatten Klage eingereicht. Sie werfen unter anderem Gates, Pfizer-Chef Bourla und dem niederländischen Staat vor, sie hätten gewusst, dass diese Präparate weder sicher noch wirksam sind.

Mit den mRNA-«Impfstoffen» von Pfizer/BioNTech befasst sich auch ein neues Buch. Darin werden die Erkenntnisse von Ärzten und Wissenschaftlern aus der Analyse interner Dokumente über die klinischen Studien der Covid-Injektion präsentiert. Es handelt sich um jene in den USA freigeklagten Papiere, die die Arzneimittelbehörde (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) 75 Jahre unter Verschluss halten wollte.

Ebenfalls Wissenschaftler und Ärzte, aber auch andere Experten organisieren als Verbundnetzwerk Corona-Solution kostenfreie Online-Konferenzen. Ihr Ziel ist es, «wissenschaftlich, demokratisch und friedlich» über Impfstoffe und Behandlungsprotokolle gegen SARS-CoV-2 aufzuklären und die Diskriminierung von Ungeimpften zu stoppen. Gestern fand eine weitere Konferenz statt. Ihr Thema: «Corona und modRNA: Von Toten, Lebenden und Physik lernen».

Aufgrund des Digital Services Acts (DSA) der Europäischen Union sei das Risiko groß, dass ihre Arbeit als «Fake-News» bezeichnet würde, so das Netzwerk. Staatlich unerwünschte wissenschaftliche Aufklärung müsse sich passende Kanäle zur Veröffentlichung suchen. Ihre Live-Streams seien deshalb zum Beispiel nicht auf YouTube zu finden.

Der vielfältige Einsatz für Aufklärung und Aufarbeitung wird sich nicht stummschalten lassen. Nicht einmal der Zensurmeister der EU, Deutschland, wird so etwas erreichen. Die frisch aktivierten «Trusted Flagger» dürften allerdings künftige Siege beim «Denunzianten-Wettbewerb» im Kontext des DSA zusätzlich absichern.

Wo sind die Grenzen der Meinungsfreiheit? Sicher gibt es sie. Aber die ideologische Gleichstellung von illegalen mit unerwünschten Äußerungen verfolgt offensichtlich eher das Ziel, ein derart elementares demokratisches Grundrecht möglichst weitgehend auszuhebeln. Vorwürfe wie «Hassrede», «Delegitimierung des Staates» oder «Volksverhetzung» werden heute inflationär verwendet, um Systemkritik zu unterbinden. Gegen solche Bestrebungen gilt es, sich zu wehren.

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Dieser Beitrag ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum dritten Geburtstag, liebe Denk Bar! Wieso zum dritten? Das war doch 2022 und jetzt sind wir im Jahr 2024, oder? Ja, das ist schon richtig, aber bei Geburtstagen erinnere ich mich immer auch an meinen Vater, und der behauptete oft, der erste sei ja schließlich der Tag der Geburt selber und den müsse man natürlich mitzählen. Wo er recht hat, hat er nunmal recht. Konsequenterweise wird also heute dieser Blog an seinem dritten Geburtstag zwei Jahre alt.

Das ist ein Grund zum Feiern, wie ich finde. Einerseits ganz einfach, weil es dafür gar nicht genug Gründe geben kann. «Das Leben sind zwei Tage», lautet ein gängiger Ausdruck hier in Andalusien. In der Tat könnte es so sein, auch wenn wir uns im Alltag oft genug von der Routine vereinnahmen lassen.

Seit dem Start der Denk Bar vor zwei Jahren ist unglaublich viel passiert. Ebenso wie die zweieinhalb Jahre davor, und all jenes war letztlich auch der Auslöser dafür, dass ich begann, öffentlich zu schreiben. Damals notierte ich:

«Seit einigen Jahren erscheint unser öffentliches Umfeld immer fragwürdiger, widersprüchlicher und manchmal schier unglaublich - jede Menge Anlass für eigene Recherchen und Gedanken, ganz einfach mit einer Portion gesundem Menschenverstand.»

Wir erleben den sogenannten «großen Umbruch», einen globalen Coup, den skrupellose Egoisten clever eingefädelt haben und seit ein paar Jahren knallhart – aber nett verpackt – durchziehen, um buchstäblich alles nach ihrem Gusto umzukrempeln. Die Gelegenheit ist ja angeblich günstig und muss genutzt werden.

Nie hätte ich mir träumen lassen, dass ich so etwas jemals miterleben müsste. Die Bosheit, mit der ganz offensichtlich gegen die eigene Bevölkerung gearbeitet wird, war früher für mich unvorstellbar. Mein (Rest-) Vertrauen in alle möglichen Bereiche wie Politik, Wissenschaft, Justiz, Medien oder Kirche ist praktisch komplett zerstört. Einen «inneren Totalschaden» hatte ich mal für unsere Gesellschaften diagnostiziert.

Was mich vielleicht am meisten erschreckt, ist zum einen das Niveau der Gleichschaltung, das weltweit erreicht werden konnte, und zum anderen die praktisch totale Spaltung der Gesellschaft. Haben wir das tatsächlich mit uns machen lassen?? Unfassbar! Aber das Werkzeug «Angst» ist sehr mächtig und funktioniert bis heute.

Zum Glück passieren auch positive Dinge und neue Perspektiven öffnen sich. Für viele Menschen waren und sind die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre ein Augenöffner. Sie sehen «Querdenken» als das, was es ist: eine Tugend.

Auch die immer ernsteren Zensurbemühungen sind letztlich nur ein Zeichen der Schwäche, wo Argumente fehlen. Sie werden nicht verhindern, dass wir unsere Meinung äußern, unbequeme Fragen stellen und dass die Wahrheit peu à peu ans Licht kommt. Es gibt immer Mittel und Wege, auch für uns.

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Danke, dass du diesen Weg mit mir weitergehst!

@ 59cb0748:9602464b

Nostrでお世話になっている方も、お世話になってない方も、こんにちは！

タコ頭大吉です！

NIP-23を使った初めての投稿です。

今回は、私がここ数ヶ月中にデザインをした三種類のビタキセケースの紹介記事になります！！

ビタキセを買ったもののあまり自分の好みに合う外観や仕様のケースがなく、いくつかプロトタイプを作りそれなりに時間をかけて考えたケース達です。

これら３シリーズに関しては、FDMタイプの3Dプリンタの精度、耐久性、出力後の作業性を考慮して一つのパーツで完結することに拘って設計をしました。

一定以上の充填率でプリントをすればそれなりに丈夫なはずです。

また、基本的に放熱性と保護性を両立できるように設計をしたつもります。

それぞれのモデルについて簡単に紹介をさせていただきますので、よろしければ各リポジトリに付属のREADMEを読んでいただいて自作、フィードバックをいただけましたら幸いです。

それでは、簡単に各モデルの紹介をさせていたきます。

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AirLiftFrame

最初に作ったモデルです！ 少し大きいのが難点ですが、分厚めのフレームをベースとし基盤周辺をあえて囲わない設計により、保護性と放熱を阻害しない事の両立を狙っています。

リポジトリへ

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TwinAirLiftFrame

ビタキセを買い増ししたことにより、複数台をカッコよく運用したいという需要が自分の中に出てきたので、AirLiftFrameを2つくっつけたら良いのではと言うごくごく単純な発想でつくり始めたケースです。 しかし、ただ横並びにしただけでは廃熱が干渉するだけではなく、DCジャックやUSBポートへのアクセスが阻害されるという問題にすぐに気がつきました。 そこで、WebUI上でディスプレイの表示を上下反転出来ることに注目し、2台を上下逆向きに取り付ける事でそれらの問題を解決しました！

リポジトリへ

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VoronoiShell

AirLiftFrameシリーズのサイズを小型化する事から始めたプロジョクトです。 縦横の寸法の削減だけではなく、厚みを薄くつくリたいという希望がありました。 所が単純に薄くすると、持った時に発熱する背面パーツに手が触れてしまったり、落下などでぶつかった際に背面パーツが破損する懸念がありました。 そこで、(当初は付けたくはなかった)背面保護用のグリルをデザインする必要が出てきました。 初めは多角形でしたがあまりにもダサく、調べている内にVoronoi柄という有機的なパターンに行き付き即採用しました。 結果、ビタキセを取り付けると柄が見えなくなるのが勿体無いぐらい個性的でスタイリッシュなデザインに仕上がりました。

リポジトリへ

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いずれカスタム方法やインサートナットや増設ファンの選定方法等を紹介したいのですが、今回はNIP-23になれるという意図もあるので紹介に留めます！ また、他の関連OSハードウェアプロジェクトのケースもデザインできたらと思っております！

今後ともタコ頭をよろしくお願いいたします。

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Ein Lämmchen löschte an einem Bache seinen Durst. Fern von ihm, aber näher der Quelle, tat ein Wolf das gleiche. Kaum erblickte er das Lämmchen, so schrie er:

"Warum trübst du mir das Wasser, das ich trinken will?"

"Wie wäre das möglich", erwiderte schüchtern das Lämmchen, "ich stehe hier unten und du so weit oben; das Wasser fließt ja von dir zu mir; glaube mir, es kam mir nie in den Sinn, dir etwas Böses zu tun!"

"Ei, sieh doch! Du machst es gerade, wie dein Vater vor sechs Monaten; ich erinnere mich noch sehr wohl, daß auch du dabei warst, aber glücklich entkamst, als ich ihm für sein Schmähen das Fell abzog!"

"Ach, Herr!" flehte das zitternde Lämmchen, "ich bin ja erst vier Wochen alt und kannte meinen Vater gar nicht, so lange ist er schon tot; wie soll ich denn für ihn büßen."

"Du Unverschämter!" so endigt der Wolf mit erheuchelter Wut, indem er die Zähne fletschte. "Tot oder nicht tot, weiß ich doch, daß euer ganzes Geschlecht mich hasset, und dafür muß ich mich rächen."

Ohne weitere Umstände zu machen, zerriß er das Lämmchen und verschlang es.

Das Gewissen regt sich selbst bei dem größten Bösewichte; er sucht doch nach Vorwand, um dasselbe damit bei Begehung seiner Schlechtigkeiten zu beschwichtigen.

Quelle: https://eden.one/fabeln-aesop-das-lamm-und-der-wolf

@ 07041e3c:9548823b

כיבוש הארץ הוא לא תחום עיסוקו הבלעדי של צבא לאומי תחת הפיקוד של שלטון מרכזי. יש זכאות לציבור כיחידים וכקבוצות (שבטים) להתארגן ולפעול באופן עצמאי ללא נטילת רשות מישות לאומית, ולפי העולה מהמקורות, הוא אפילו דבר מתבקש ומבורך.

סדרה של כיבושים פרטיים בעבר הירדן בימי משה

אחרי שמשה משמיד את סיחון ועוג, השטחים שהיו בשליטתם בעבר הירדן המזרחי נופלים בפני בני ישראל להשתלט עליהם. ואכן היו כאלה שיצאו למבצעי כיבוש על דעת ובכוחות עצמם (במדבר לב:לט):

וַיֵּלְכוּ בְּנֵי מָכִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה גִּלְעָדָה וַיִּלְכְּדֻהָ וַיּוֹרֶשׁ אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ׃

משפחה בודדת משתלטת על שטח ומטפלת באוכלוסיה המקומית ללא תמיכה של שלטון מרכזי כלשהו. מתברר שפעולה זאת היתה בהסכמת משה והוא אכן מאשרר אותה באופן מיידי(שם לב:מ):

וַיִּתֵּן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַגִּלְעָד לְמָכִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּהּ׃

יאיר בן מנשה אולי קיבל השראה ממכיר והוא יוצא לכבוש לעצמו שטחי מרעה ומחנות לגידול צאן (שם לב:מא):

וְיָאִיר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה הָלַךְ וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־חַוֺּתֵיהֶם וַיִּקְרָא אֶתְהֶן חַוֺּת יָאִיר׃

באותו פרק זמן גם אצל נבח בוער הרצון לחיות כישות ריבונית עצמאית וכנראה הדרך לעשות זאת היא על ידי יציאה לכיבוש שטחים באופן פרטי ולקחת עליהם בעלות. לא נראה שהוא ביקש את הרשות של מישהו (שם לב:מב):

וְנֹבַח הָלַךְ וַיִּלְכֹּד אֶת־קְנָת וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ וַיִּקְרָא לָה נֹבַח בִּשְׁמוֹ׃

ככה שטיינזלץ מתאר את נבח:

נֹבַח, שלא ידוע מי הוא, אך מן הסתם היה אדם הרפתקן שהעדיף להיות רועה צאן במזרח הפרוע ולא להתגורר כחקלאי בארץ כנען, ועל כן הצטרף לחצי שבט מנשה

כיבושי יהושע נועדו להכין תשתית לכיבושים פרטיים

יהושע א -יב מתאר את מלחמותיו יחד עם ולמען כלל האומה. עד כדי כך שיהושע יא:כג אומר:

וַיִּקַּח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת־כׇּל־הָאָרֶץ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וַיִּתְּנָהּ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְנַחֲלָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמַחְלְקֹתָם לְשִׁבְטֵיהֶם וְהָאָרֶץ שָׁקְטָה מִמִּלְחָמָה׃

אבל ביג:א הוא אומר:

וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ זָקֵן בָּא בַּיָּמִים וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֵלָיו אַתָּה זָקַנְתָּה בָּאתָ בַיָּמִים וְהָאָרֶץ נִשְׁאֲרָה הַרְבֵּה־מְאֹד לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃

אז אם יהושע לקח "את כל הארץ" אז איך "והארץ נשארה הרבה מאד לרשתה"? הרלב"ג (יא:ג) מסביר:

והנה נזכר אחר זה כי כבר נשאר הרבה עדיין מן הארץ לרשתה אלא שעכ"ז כבר חלקה להם יהושע בנחלה לישראל לשבטיהם כמו שזכר אחר זה, וזכר עם זה שהארץ שקטה ממלחמה כי לא היו נלחמים עם ישראל ולא ישראל עמם ואף על פי שכבר נשאר הרבה מן הארץ לרשתה,

חלוקת הארץ לנחלות שבטיות היתה בעצם חלוקת גזרות בהן כל שבט ישלים את העבודה באופן עצמאי. וכיבושי יהושע היו הכנת מצב בו יש לשבטים נקודת התחלה מצויינת להשלים כיבושים.

כיבוש חברון על ידי כלב בן יפונה

החל מפרק יג, מתוארת חלוקת הנחלות לכל שבט ושבט. במעמד זה, כלב בן יפונה מבקש מיהושע את הזכויות לחברון - הזכות לפעול באופן עצמאי ולקחת את העיר כנחלה (יהושע יד:יב):

וְעַתָּה תְּנָה־לִּי אֶת־הָהָר הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר ה' בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כִּי אַתָּה־שָׁמַעְתָּ בַיּוֹם הַהוּא כִּי־עֲנָקִים שָׁם וְעָרִים גְּדֹלוֹת בְּצֻרוֹת אוּלַי ה' אוֹתִי וְהוֹרַשְׁתִּים כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה':

אין כאן בקשה מיהושע להקצות לו כוח צבאי כלל-ישראלי למשימת כיבוש העיר, אלא רק הרשות לפעול באופן עצמאי ולקבל את העיר.

יהושע נענה לבקשה:

וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־חֶבְרוֹן לְכָלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה לְנַחֲלָה׃

אנחנו עוד נראה שיהושע אכן מאיץ בשאר השבטים לנהוג באופן דומה, אך הם פחות נענים למשימה. ואכן כלב מבצע פעולה צבאית כאדם פרטי (טו:יד):

וַיֹּרֶשׁ מִשָּׁם כָּלֵב אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁה בְּנֵי הָעֲנָק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁי וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן וְאֶת־תַּלְמַי יְלִידֵי הָעֲנָק׃

כלב ממשיך לכיבוש נוסף ללא נטילת רשות מיהושע

מיד לאחר מכן כלב ממשיך במסע הכיבושים הפרטי שלו:

וַיַּעַל מִשָּׁם אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵי דְּבִר וְשֵׁם־דְּבִר לְפָנִים קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר׃

וכאן, כלב מגלה יכולת אופרטיבית גבוהה - הוא מוציא מכרז בַּמָּקום לכיבוש העיר שמושך אליו את אחד הכישרונות הגדולים של אותו הדור שמבצע את המשימה בהצלחה (יהושע טו:טו):

וַיֹּאמֶר כָּלֵב אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר וּלְכָדָהּ וְנָתַתִּי לוֹ אֶת־עַכְסָה בִתִּי לְאִשָּׁה׃ וַיִּלְכְּדָהּ עׇתְנִיאֵל בֶּן־קְנַז אֲחִי כָלֵב וַיִּתֶּן־לוֹ אֶת־עַכְסָה בִתּוֹ לְאִשָּׁה׃

ביקורת יהושע על העדר יוזמה פרטית של שבטים להשלים כיבושים

אמנם יהושע הכין תשתית להשתלטות ישראלית על כל ארץ כנען, אבל לא כל השבטים היה ביכולתם או היה ברצונם להשלים אותה (יהושע יז:יב):

וְלֹא יָכְלוּ בְּנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה לְהוֹרִישׁ אֶת־הֶעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַיּוֹאֶל הַכְּנַעֲנִי לָשֶׁבֶת בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת׃

אולי הכנענים יושבי העמקים היו כוח צבאי יותר רציני מיושבי הר חברון וסביבותיה. אולי לא הוגן שיצא הגורל לשבטים עם צרכים גדולים במיוחד לנחלות בהן יש קושי בהתמודדות עם אוכלוסיה מקומית עם יתרון צבאי משמעותי:

וַיֹּאמְרוּ בְּנֵי יוֹסֵף לֹא־יִמָּצֵא לָנוּ הָהָר וְרֶכֶב בַּרְזֶל בְּכׇל־הַכְּנַעֲנִי הַיֹּשֵׁב בְּאֶרֶץ־הָעֵמֶק לַאֲשֶׁר בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן וּבְנוֹתֶיהָ וְלַאֲשֶׁר בְּעֵמֶק יִזְרְעֶאל׃

יהושע בכל זאת מתעקש שהם לא יוותרו על השטחים הנ"ל וכי בשלב כלשהו יהיה ביכולתם להשלים את ההשתלטות על נחלתם (שם יז:יח):

כִּי הַר יִהְיֶה־לָּךְ כִּי־יַעַר הוּא וּבֵרֵאתוֹ וְהָיָה לְךָ תֹּצְאֹתָיו כִּי־תוֹרִישׁ אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִי כִּי רֶכֶב בַּרְזֶל לוֹ כִּי חָזָק הוּא׃

רש"י במקום מסביר:

כִּי חָזָק הוּא. וְאַתָּה יֵשׁ בְּךָ הַיְכוֹלֶת וְתּוֹרִישֶׁנּוּ

וזה תמצית הביקורת של יהושע (שםיח:ג):

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד־אָנָה אַתֶּם מִתְרַפִּים לָבוֹא לָרֶשֶׁת אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָכֶם ה' אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם :

וסיכום העניין הוא שעדיין יש עבודת כיבוש , והיא מוטלת על כל שבט ושבט, ולא על כח צבאי לאומי. ויש בידם להצליח (שם כג:ד-ה):

רְאוּ הִפַּלְתִּי לָכֶם אֶת־הַגּוֹיִם הַנִּשְׁאָרִים הָאֵלֶּה בְּנַחֲלָה לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶם מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּן וְכׇל־הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר הִכְרַתִּי וְהַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל מְבוֹא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ׃ וַה' אֱ-לֹהֵיכֶם הוּא יֶהְדֳּפֵם מִפְּנֵיכֶם וְהוֹרִישׁ אֹתָם מִלִּפְנֵיכֶם וִירִשְׁתֶּם אֶת־אַרְצָם כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה' אֱ-לֹהֵיכֶם לָכֶם׃

רש"י במקום מסביר:

רְאוּ הִפַּלְתִּי לָכֶם. בְּגוֹרָל לְנַחֲלָה

מלחמת דבורה וברק היתה וולונטרית

אז אחרי מות יהושע נשארו חלקים רבים מהארץ שמהם לא גורשו הכנעני והשלטון הישראלי בהם היה רופף אם בכלל. בימי דבורה הוחלט לבצע מהלך שישנה את המציאות הגאו-פוליטית באזור, אך באופן מצומצם על ידי שני שבטים בלבד, ללא גיוס של כלל האומה. (שופטים ד:ו):

וַתִּשְׁלַח וַתִּקְרָא לְבָרָק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹעַם מִקֶּדֶשׁ נַפְתָּלִי וַתֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הֲלֹא צִוָּה  יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵךְ וּמָשַׁכְתָּ בְּהַר תָּבוֹר וְלָקַחְתָּ עִמְּךָ עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים אִישׁ מִבְּנֵי נַפְתָּלִי וּמִבְּנֵי זְבֻלוּן׃׃

אבל בפועל דבורה מזכירה שבטים נוספים לשבח - שבטים שנראה שהצטרפו למלחמה לצידם של דבורה וברק (שם ה:יד):

מִנִּי אֶפְרַיִם שׇׁרְשָׁם בַּעֲמָלֵק אַחֲרֶיךָ בִנְיָמִין בַּעֲמָמֶיךָ מִנִּי מָכִיר יָרְדוּ מְחֹקְקִים וּמִזְּבוּלֻן מֹשְׁכִים בְּשֵׁבֶט סֹפֵר׃
וְשָׂרַי בְּיִשָּׂשכָר עִם־דְּבֹרָה וְיִשָּׂשכָר כֵּן בָּרָק בָּעֵמֶק שֻׁלַּח בְּרַגְלָיו בִּפְלַגּוֹת רְאוּבֵן גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵי־לֵב׃

לעומתם היו שבטים ומשפחות שנמנעו מלהשתתף ודבורה מזכירה אותם בשמותם (שם ה:טו):

לָמָּה יָשַׁבְתָּ בֵּין הַמִּשְׁפְּתַיִם לִשְׁמֹעַ שְׁרִקוֹת עֲדָרִים לִפְלַגּוֹת רְאוּבֵן גְּדוֹלִים חִקְרֵי־לֵב׃ גִּלְעָד בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן שָׁכֵן וְדָן לָמָּה יָגוּר אֳנִיּוֹת אָשֵׁר יָשַׁב לְחוֹף יַמִּים וְעַל מִפְרָצָיו יִשְׁכּוֹן׃

אך הביקורת היא לא חריפה במיוחד ומבטאת אולי אכזבה יותר מכל דבר אחר, דבר שמובן אם המלחמה הזאת היתה על בסיס מתנדבים משבטים אחרים.

בני דן מרחיקים לצפון

תמצית המעשה של בני דן מובא כבר ביהושע (יט:מז):

וַיֵּצֵא גְבוּל־בְּנֵי־דָן מֵהֶם וַיַּעֲלוּ בְנֵי־דָן וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ עִם־לֶשֶׁם וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אוֹתָהּ  וַיַּכּוּ אוֹתָהּ לְפִי־חֶרֶב וַיִּרְשׁוּ אוֹתָהּ וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בָהּ וַיִּקְרְאוּ לְלֶשֶׁם דָּן כְּשֵׁם דָּן אֲבִיהֶם׃

עיקר תיאור המעשה הוא בשופטים, וכדאי לציין את הרקע (יח:א-ב):

בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם אֵין מֶלֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבַיָּמִים הָהֵם שֵׁבֶט הַדָּנִי מְבַקֶּשׁ־לוֹ נַחֲלָה לָשֶׁבֶת כִּי לֹא־נָפְלָה לּוֹ עַד־הַיּוֹם הַהוּא בְּתוֹךְ־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּנַחֲלָה׃

מסתבר שכל שבט אחראי לכבוש לעצמו את נחלתו או לפחות שטח שהיא "מן ההפקר", כדי שאנשיו יוכלו ליישב את הארץ כבני אדם חופשיים. כמו בני יוסף בכבוש בית אל (שופטים ב), בני דן פועלים באופן עצמאי עוד החל משלב איסוף המודיעין:

וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ בְנֵי־דָן  מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתָּם חֲמִשָּׁה אֲנָשִׁים מִקְצוֹתָם אֲנָשִׁים בְּנֵי־חַיִל מִצׇּרְעָה וּמֵאֶשְׁתָּאֹל לְרַגֵּל אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וּלְחׇקְרָהּ וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֲלֵהֶם לְכוּ חִקְרוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וַיָּבֹאוּ הַר־אֶפְרַיִם עַד־בֵּית מִיכָה וַיָּלִינוּ שָׁם׃

שאר הסיפור ידוע, ואזור "לשם" בצפון היה ידוע ומפורסם בפי כל כ"דן".

בני שמעון מתרחבים למדבריות ערב

כיבוש שטחים בארץ אדום הדרומית ("מְבוֹא גְדֹר עַד לְמִזְרַח הַגָיְא")

בדברי הימים א מובאת רשימת היוחסין של שבט שמעון. נחלתם היתה בדרום הארץ על גבול המדבר ובעקבות גידול באוכלוסין, חבל ארץ זה לא הספיק למחייתם, במיוחד בגלל שעסקו ברעיית צאן (ולא בחקלאות) והם היו זקוקים לשטחים נוספים (דה"י א ד:לח):

אֵלֶּה הַבָּאִים בְּשֵׁמוֹת נְשִׂיאִים בְּמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָם וּבֵית אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם פָּרְצוּ לָרוֹב:

כמו בני יוסף ובני דן לפניהם, הם מקדימים לאסוף מודיעין על האזור אותו הם מעוניינים לתקוף (שם שם:לט-מ):

וַיֵּלְכוּ לִמְבוֹא גְדֹר עַד לְמִזְרַח הַגָּיְא לְבַקֵּשׁ מִרְעֶה לְצֹאנָם: וַיִּמְצְאוּ מִרְעֶה שָׁמֵן וָטוֹב וְהָאָרֶץ רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם וְשֹׁקֶטֶת וּשְׁלֵוָה כִּי מִן־חָם הַיֹּשְׁבִים שָׁם לְפָנִים׃

לאחר שמתברר שיש סיכוי גבוה למבצע צבאי מוצלח הם תוקפים (שם שם:מא):

וַיָּבֹאוּ אֵלֶּה הַכְּתוּבִים בְּשֵׁמוֹת בִּימֵי  יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־אׇהֳלֵיהֶם וְאֶת־[הַמְּעוּנִים] (המעינים) אֲשֶׁר נִמְצְאוּ־שָׁמָּה וַיַּחֲרִימֻם עַד־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וַיֵּשְׁבוּ תַּחְתֵּיהֶם כִּי־מִרְעֶה לְצֹאנָם שָׁם׃

חשוב לציין כי האירוע הזה התרחש בימי חזקיהו המלך, תקופה בה היה קיים שלטון ריכוזי חזק, וסביר להניח גם בעל יכולות צבאיות בשביל לבצע את הפעולה הזאת בעצמו, אך אין פה שום רמז לכך שבני שמעון, "אלה הכתובים בשמות", חשבו להתייעץ או לקבל אישור מהשלטון בירושלים ליציאה למבצע הזה.

מחיית עמלק בהר שעיר

ההתרחבות של בני שמעון לא הסתיימה בכיבוש הנ"ל, אלא המשיכה בהר שעיר על ידי קבוצה מצומצמת, שכנראה קיבלה רוח במפרסים בעקבות ההצלחה הקודמת (שם:מב):

וּמֵהֶם  מִן־בְּנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן הָלְכוּ לְהַר שֵׂעִיר אֲנָשִׁים חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וּפְלַטְיָה וּנְעַרְיָה וּרְפָיָה וְעֻזִּיאֵל בְּנֵי יִשְׁעִי בְּרֹאשָׁם׃

לא מוזכר מה גרם להם לעשות זאת אבל סביר להניח שהיה מדובר באנשים שהחירות האישית שלהם היתה חשובה עבורם ורצו לחיות ללא תלות באחרים, אפילו אחיהם לשבט (שם:מג):

וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־שְׁאֵרִית הַפְּלֵטָה לַעֲמָלֵק וַיֵּשְׁבוּ שָׁם עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה׃

בני ראובן משתלטים על המדבר הסוּרי

גם בני ראובן התרבו עד אשר לא יכלה נחלתם המקורית לשאת אותם והם נאלצו להרחיב את יישוביהם מעבר לתחום הגלעד, עד למדבר הסורי בואכה הפרת (שם ה:ט):

וְלַמִּזְרָח יָשַׁב עַד־לְבוֹא מִדְבָּרָה לְמִן־הַנָּהָר פְּרָת כִּי מִקְנֵיהֶם רָבוּ בְּאֶרֶץ גִּלְעָד׃

אך התרחבותם נתקלה באוכלוסיות מקומיות שכנראה לא איפשרו להם חופש תנועה, עד למצב בו הם היו צריכים להשתמש באלימות כדי לחיות ללא הפרעה (שם ה:י):

וּבִימֵי שָׁאוּל עָשׂוּ מִלְחָמָה עִם־הַהַגְרִאִים וַיִּפְּלוּ בְּיָדָם וַיֵּשְׁבוּ בְּאׇהֳלֵיהֶם עַל־כׇּל־פְּנֵי מִזְרָח לַגִּלְעָד׃

'דעת מקרא' על הפסוק אמנם טוען ששאול הוביל את המלחמה והיא לא נעשית באופן פרטי, אך אין זכר לכך במפרשים המסורתיים וגם לשון הפסוק תומך ברעיון שבני ראובן פעלו על דעת ובכוחות עצמם.

נפילה והתאוששות

הכיבושים הנ"ל לא החזיקו מעמד לאורך התקופות ובעקבות התחזקות ארם בסוף המאה ה9 והשתלטות אלימה של ארם על אותם אזורים בהם ישבו בני ראובן, בני ראובן ספגו אבידות מרובות ונאלצו לסגת לנחלתם המצומצמת (מלבים, שם ה:יט):

בימי יהואחז מלך ישראל שאז גבר עליהם יד מלך ארם וישימם כעפר לדוש (כנזכר מלכים ב י״ג:ז׳ ושם יד), ואז שבו ההגריאים ונתישבו במקומם

אחרי שבני ראובן התחזקו וארם נחלשה הם חברו יחד לבני גד ולחצי שבט מנשה, התארגנו צבאית, ויצאו למבצע רחב היקף נגד האוכלוסיות הערביות באזור (ה:יח-יט):

בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵן וְגָדִי וַחֲצִי שֵׁבֶט־מְנַשֶּׁה מִן־בְּנֵי־חַיִל אֲנָשִׁים נֹשְׂאֵי מָגֵן וְחֶרֶב וְדֹרְכֵי קֶשֶׁת וּלְמוּדֵי מִלְחָמָה אַרְבָּעִים וְאַרְבָּעָה אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת וְשִׁשִּׁים יֹצְאֵי צָבָא׃ וַיַּעֲשׂוּ מִלְחָמָה עִם־הַהַגְרִיאִים וִיטוּר וְנָפִישׁ וְנוֹדָב׃

הם נהנו מהצלחה מרובה והצליחו לחדש את יישובם באזורים האלה, יישוב שהחזיק מעמד עד לימי תגלת פלאסר - סוף תקופת הממלכה (ה:כ-כב):

וַיֵּעָזְרוּ עֲלֵיהֶם וַיִּנָּתְנוּ בְיָדָם הַהַגְרִיאִים וְכֹל שֶׁעִמָּהֶם כִּי לֵא-לֹהִים זָעֲקוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָה וְנַעְתּוֹר לָהֶם כִּי־בָטְחוּ בוֹ׃ וַיִּשְׁבּוּ מִקְנֵיהֶם גְּמַלֵּיהֶם חֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וְצֹאן מָאתַיִם וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וַחֲמוֹרִים אַלְפָּיִם וְנֶפֶשׁ אָדָם מֵאָה אָלֶף׃ כִּי־חֲלָלִים רַבִּים נָפָלוּ כִּי מֵהָאֱ-לֹהִים הַמִּלְחָמָה וַיֵּשְׁבוּ תַחְתֵּיהֶם עַד־הַגֹּלָה׃

לסיכום

מאחר שהאינדיבדואליזם הוא חלק בלתי נפרד מהאתוס העברי, גם מצוות החלות על כלל האומה לא יכולות להיות מקויימות כתיקונן אלא אם כן יש ביטוי לרצון וליוזמה של היחיד. יישוב/כיבוש הארץ הוא אחד מהמצוות האלה ומתרחש בשני מישורים: 1. במישור הלאומי - כיבושים שנחוצים לביסוס גרעין התיישבותי של כלל האומה ולכן משתתף בהם צבא לאומי ממלכתי. 2. במישור השבטי/פרטי - כיבושים אופציונלים שהשלמתם תלויה ברצון וביוזמה של קבוצות מצומצמות (שבטים) ויחידים.

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Choosing an assisted living facility for an aging parent or loved one can be a daunting and emotional decision. As adult children, it’s common to feel overwhelmed by the responsibility of ensuring the best care for your loved ones.

If you are considering assisted living in Kingwood, this guide will help you navigate the practical, emotional, and financial aspects of the decision-making process.

Understand the Different Levels of Care

When exploring https://villagegreenalzheimerscare.com/****, it’s essential to understand the care levels offered. Communities provide services from daily help like bathing and dressing to specialized care for Alzheimer's or dementia. Assessing your loved one’s needs ensures they get the right support, promoting independence while keeping them safe.

Evaluate the Cost of Assisted Living

Financial considerations play a significant role in choosing an assisted living facility. The cost in Kingwood varies based on services, location, and suite size. Monthly fees range from a few thousand dollars.

Families often use savings, insurance, or veterans’ benefits. Understanding your financial situation and funding options is key to making an informed decision.

Visit Multiple Communities

Once you’ve narrowed down assisted living options, visiting multiple communities is important. Tour the facilities to assess the environment and meet staff. Look for clean spaces, open areas, and private suites. Pay attention to the atmosphere—assisted living should feel warm and welcoming. Evaluate staff interactions with residents and inquire about specialized care for memory issues.

Assess Emotional and Social Well-being

The emotional well-being of your loved one is just as important as their physical health. Assisted living in Kingwood can offer a nurturing environment with a strong sense of community. Look for a facility that provides activities and events to engage residents and build relationships. Emotional support is key for people transitioning into assisted living, so ensure the community provides programs that meet their interests.

Focus on Health and Wellness Support

Health and wellness are crucial when choosing the right assisted living community. Does the community provide access to medical professionals, such as nurses or physicians? Are medications managed carefully?

Consider whether the facility can meet your loved one’s health needs, especially if they have chronic conditions. Communities that emphasize emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being enhance overall quality of life.

Plan for Future Needs

It’s essential to consider both current and future needs. As people age, their care requirements may change. Select an assisted living community in Kingwood that can adapt to evolving needs. Some facilities offer a continuum of care, accommodating services from independent living to memory care. This flexibility allows your loved one to stay in the same community, providing continuity and stability.

Include Your Loved One in the Decision-Making Process

Whenever possible, involve your aging parent in the decision-making process. Moving to assisted living is a major change, and it’s important that they feel respected and heard. Discuss preferences for location, atmosphere, and care level. Some seniors may resist the idea, so patience is crucial. Addressing their concerns will ease the transition and make them feel more comfortable.

Prioritize a Home-Like Environment

Moving into assisted living may feel like a loss of independence for many seniors, but a home-like environment can ease this transition. Look for a facility offering private suites, family-style dining, and open areas for interaction. A warm, nurturing atmosphere that encourages autonomy while offering support helps your loved one feel more at ease. The goal is to maintain dignity and control over daily life, enhancing quality of life.

The End Note

Choosing https://villagegreenalzheimerscare.com/kingwood/**** involves considering your loved one’s physical, emotional, and financial needs. You can make an informed decision by understanding care levels and costs and prioritizing well-being. Open communication and selecting a community that supports independence while providing necessary care will help ensure a positive experience for your aging parent.

@ dfc7c785:4c3c6174

![[IMG_4743.jpeg]]

ST. MARY'S CHURCH CHOLSEY & AGATHA CHRISTIE

St. Mary's Church

Cholsey church was part of the monastic system set up by Ethelread the Unready in about 986 A.D. The lower part of the tower of St Mary's Church shows traces of Saxon style stonework in the form of 'long and short" quoins. In 1121 when Henry I founded Reading abbey he endowed it with the monastic lands at Cholsey. those days everyone had to pay a tithe - a tenth part of the annual produce of land or labour. The tithe was usually paid in goods and Cholsey produced so much that a huge barn was built - said to be the biggest in Europe.

Great Barn

The church and manor were given to Reading Abbey by Henry Ist in 1121 A.D. It was a most valuable part of the abbey's possessions. In the 13th & 14th centuries the largest barn in Europe was erected close by the church.

Unfortunately, this was demolished in the early 19th century. On the right, as you enter the churchyard you can see a large barn - the original barn was bigger than this. The Great Barn was 303 feet long and had seventeen stone piers on each side supporting the roof timbers.

The Church Bells

There are eight bells in the tower. The Sanctus bell was made by Richard de Wymbish, one of the earliest London Bell founders.

Only a few bells made by him now exist.

The Cholsey bell is still regularly rung.

It was rehung in 1972 and bears the inscription RICARDUS: DE: WIMBUS: ME: FECIT (Richard de Wymbish made me.)

Cholsey First School

In 1837 a school building was erected by the churchyard gates. The school was built by subscription and then adopted by the National Society and was used for Sunday school and evening classes.

Agatha Christie

The world renowned writer Agatha Christie was a resident of the parish of Cholsey. She was born on the 15th September 1890 in Torquay, Devon.

In December 1914 she married an aviator in the Royal Flying Corps - Archibald Christie, but this ended in divorce in 1928.

There was one child from the marriage. In 1930 she married her second husband, the archaeologist Max Mallowan. They bought Winterbrook House in 1934. They attended St. Mary's Curch, Cholsey and are buried in the graveyard of their parish church.

After entering the churchyard walk along the path to the porch and then veer right across the grass towards the wall and you will see a large gravestone

The grave of Agatha Christie and her husband, Max Mallowan is tucked into a corner of the graveyard of St. Mary's Church. Agatha Christie was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1956.

In 1971 she received the Order of Dame Commander of the British Empire. Dame Agatha Christie died on the 12th January 1976 at the age of 85.

To return to Wallingford you need to go back through the churchyard and out to the road. You can then

Cross the road and go back the way you came.

If you wish to start the Agatha Christie Trail, cross the road follow the path to the bypass. Cross carefully and walk down Winterbrook Lane until you reach the main road. You need to cross and you will soon reach Winterbrook House which is almost hidden by a hedge.

Turn right and walk carefully over the bridge, past the school and turn right through the gate and walk across Whitehead Meadow. Turn left through the recreation ground towards the Pavilion. On leaving the recreation ground, turn left and walk into the centre of the village where it is possible to catch a bus into Wallingford.

Turn right and follow the pavement into Cholsey. At the first mini roundabout turn left and head back towards Wallingford After the Red Lion there is a long straight road until you reach the bypass. Winterbrook House is on the right hand side of Reading Road.

@ f9cf4e94:96abc355

Scuttlebutt foi iniciado em maio de 2014 por Dominic Tarr ( dominictarr ) como uma rede social alternativa off-line, primeiro para convidados, que permite aos usuários obter controle total de seus dados e privacidade. Secure Scuttlebutt (ssb) foi lançado pouco depois, o que coloca a privacidade em primeiro plano com mais recursos de criptografia.

Se você está se perguntando de onde diabos veio o nome Scuttlebutt:

Este termo do século 19 para uma fofoca vem do Scuttlebutt náutico: “um barril de água mantido no convés, com um buraco para uma xícara”. A gíria náutica vai desde o hábito dos marinheiros de se reunir pelo boato até a fofoca, semelhante à fofoca do bebedouro.

Marinheiros se reunindo em torno da rixa. ( fonte )

Dominic descobriu o termo boato em um artigo de pesquisa que leu.

Em sistemas distribuídos, fofocar é um processo de retransmissão de mensagens ponto a ponto; as mensagens são disseminadas de forma análoga ao “boca a boca”.

Secure Scuttlebutt é um banco de dados de feeds imutáveis apenas para acréscimos, otimizado para replicação eficiente para protocolos ponto a ponto. Cada usuário tem um log imutável somente para acréscimos no qual eles podem gravar. Eles gravam no log assinando mensagens com sua chave privada. Pense em um feed de usuário como seu próprio diário de bordo, como um diário de bordo (ou diário do capitão para os fãs de Star Trek), onde eles são os únicos autorizados a escrever nele, mas têm a capacidade de permitir que outros amigos ou colegas leiam ao seu diário de bordo, se assim o desejarem.

Cada mensagem possui um número de sequência e a mensagem também deve fazer referência à mensagem anterior por seu ID. O ID é um hash da mensagem e da assinatura. A estrutura de dados é semelhante à de uma lista vinculada. É essencialmente um log somente de acréscimo de JSON assinado. Cada item adicionado a um log do usuário é chamado de mensagem.

Os logs do usuário são conhecidos como feed e um usuário pode seguir os feeds de outros usuários para receber suas atualizações. Cada usuário é responsável por armazenar seu próprio feed. Quando Alice assina o feed de Bob, Bob baixa o log de feed de Alice. Bob pode verificar se o registro do feed realmente pertence a Alice verificando as assinaturas. Bob pode verificar as assinaturas usando a chave pública de Alice.

Estrutura de alto nível de um feed

Pubs são servidores de retransmissão conhecidos como “super peers”. Pubs conectam usuários usuários e atualizações de fofocas a outros usuários conectados ao Pub. Um Pub é análogo a um pub da vida real, onde as pessoas vão para se encontrar e se socializar. Para ingressar em um Pub, o usuário deve ser convidado primeiro. Um usuário pode solicitar um código de convite de um Pub; o Pub simplesmente gerará um novo código de convite, mas alguns Pubs podem exigir verificação adicional na forma de verificação de e-mail ou, com alguns Pubs, você deve pedir um código em um fórum público ou chat. Pubs também podem mapear aliases de usuário, como e-mails ou nome de usuário, para IDs de chave pública para facilitar os pares de referência.

Depois que o Pub enviar o código de convite ao usuário, o usuário resgatará o código, o que significa que o Pub seguirá o usuário, o que permite que o usuário veja as mensagens postadas por outros membros do Pub, bem como as mensagens de retransmissão do Pub pelo usuário a outros membros do Pub.

Além de retransmitir mensagens entre pares, os Pubs também podem armazenar as mensagens. Se Alice estiver offline e Bob transmitir atualizações de feed, Alice perderá a atualização. Se Alice ficar online, mas Bob estiver offline, não haverá como ela buscar o feed de Bob. Mas com um Pub, Alice pode buscar o feed no Pub mesmo se Bob estiver off-line porque o Pub está armazenando as mensagens. Pubs são úteis porque assim que um colega fica online, ele pode sincronizar com o Pub para receber os feeds de seus amigos potencialmente offline.

Um usuário pode, opcionalmente, executar seu próprio servidor Pub e abri-lo ao público ou permitir que apenas seus amigos participem, se assim o desejarem. Eles também podem ingressar em um Pub público. Aqui está uma lista de Pubs públicos em que todos podem participar . Explicaremos como ingressar em um posteriormente neste guia. Uma coisa importante a observar é que o Secure Scuttlebutt em uma rede social somente para convidados significa que você deve ser “puxado” para entrar nos círculos sociais. Se você responder às mensagens, os destinatários não serão notificados, a menos que estejam seguindo você de volta. O objetivo do SSB é criar “ilhas” isoladas de redes pares, ao contrário de uma rede pública onde qualquer pessoa pode enviar mensagens a qualquer pessoa.

Perspectivas dos participantes

Scuttlebot

O software Pub é conhecido como servidor Scuttlebutt (servidor ssb ), mas também é conhecido como “Scuttlebot” e sbotna linha de comando. O servidor SSB adiciona comportamento de rede ao banco de dados Scuttlebutt (SSB). Estaremos usando o Scuttlebot ao longo deste tutorial.

Os logs do usuário são conhecidos como feed e um usuário pode seguir os feeds de outros usuários para receber suas atualizações. Cada usuário é responsável por armazenar seu próprio feed. Quando Alice assina o feed de Bob, Bob baixa o log de feed de Alice. Bob pode verificar se o registro do feed realmente pertence a Alice verificando as assinaturas. Bob pode verificar as assinaturas usando a chave pública de Alice.

Estrutura de alto nível de um feed

Pubs são servidores de retransmissão conhecidos como “super peers”. Pubs conectam usuários usuários e atualizações de fofocas a outros usuários conectados ao Pub. Um Pub é análogo a um pub da vida real, onde as pessoas vão para se encontrar e se socializar. Para ingressar em um Pub, o usuário deve ser convidado primeiro. Um usuário pode solicitar um código de convite de um Pub; o Pub simplesmente gerará um novo código de convite, mas alguns Pubs podem exigir verificação adicional na forma de verificação de e-mail ou, com alguns Pubs, você deve pedir um código em um fórum público ou chat. Pubs também podem mapear aliases de usuário, como e-mails ou nome de usuário, para IDs de chave pública para facilitar os pares de referência.

Depois que o Pub enviar o código de convite ao usuário, o usuário resgatará o código, o que significa que o Pub seguirá o usuário, o que permite que o usuário veja as mensagens postadas por outros membros do Pub, bem como as mensagens de retransmissão do Pub pelo usuário a outros membros do Pub.

Além de retransmitir mensagens entre pares, os Pubs também podem armazenar as mensagens. Se Alice estiver offline e Bob transmitir atualizações de feed, Alice perderá a atualização. Se Alice ficar online, mas Bob estiver offline, não haverá como ela buscar o feed de Bob. Mas com um Pub, Alice pode buscar o feed no Pub mesmo se Bob estiver off-line porque o Pub está armazenando as mensagens. Pubs são úteis porque assim que um colega fica online, ele pode sincronizar com o Pub para receber os feeds de seus amigos potencialmente offline.

Um usuário pode, opcionalmente, executar seu próprio servidor Pub e abri-lo ao público ou permitir que apenas seus amigos participem, se assim o desejarem. Eles também podem ingressar em um Pub público. Aqui está uma lista de Pubs públicos em que todos podem participar . Explicaremos como ingressar em um posteriormente neste guia. Uma coisa importante a observar é que o Secure Scuttlebutt em uma rede social somente para convidados significa que você deve ser “puxado” para entrar nos círculos sociais. Se você responder às mensagens, os destinatários não serão notificados, a menos que estejam seguindo você de volta. O objetivo do SSB é criar “ilhas” isoladas de redes pares, ao contrário de uma rede pública onde qualquer pessoa pode enviar mensagens a qualquer pessoa.

Perspectivas dos participantes

Pubs - Hubs

Pubs públicos

| Pub Name | Operator | Invite Code | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | scuttle.us | @Ryan | scuttle.us:8008:@WqcuCOIpLtXFRw/9vOAQJti8avTZ9vxT9rKrPo8qG6o=.ed25519~/ZUi9Chpl0g1kuWSrmehq2EwMQeV0Pd+8xw8XhWuhLE= | | pub1.upsocial.com | @freedomrules | pub1.upsocial.com:8008:@gjlNF5Cyw3OKZxEoEpsVhT5Xv3HZutVfKBppmu42MkI=.ed25519~lMd6f4nnmBZEZSavAl4uahl+feajLUGqu8s2qdoTLi8= | | Monero Pub | @Denis | xmr-pub.net:8008:@5hTpvduvbDyMLN2IdzDKa7nx7PSem9co3RsOmZoyyCM=.ed25519~vQU+r2HUd6JxPENSinUWdfqrJLlOqXiCbzHoML9iVN4= | | FreeSocial | @Jarland | pub.freesocial.co:8008:@ofYKOy2p9wsaxV73GqgOyh6C6nRGFM5FyciQyxwBd6A=.ed25519~ye9Z808S3KPQsV0MWr1HL0/Sh8boSEwW+ZK+8x85u9w= | | ssb.vpn.net.br | @coffeverton | ssb.vpn.net.br:8008:@ze8nZPcf4sbdULvknEFOCbVZtdp7VRsB95nhNw6/2YQ=.ed25519~D0blTolH3YoTwSAkY5xhNw8jAOjgoNXL/+8ZClzr0io= | | gossip.noisebridge.info | Noisebridge Hackerspace @james.network | gossip.noisebridge.info:8008:@2NANnQVdsoqk0XPiJG2oMZqaEpTeoGrxOHJkLIqs7eY=.ed25519~JWTC6+rPYPW5b5zCion0gqjcJs35h6JKpUrQoAKWgJ4= |

Pubs privados

Você precisará entrar em contato com os proprietários desses bares para receber um convite.

| Pub Name | Operator | Contact | | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- | | many.butt.nz | @dinosaur | mikey@enspiral.com | | one.butt.nz | @dinosaur | mikey@enspiral.com | | ssb.mikey.nz | @dinosaur | mikey@enspiral.com | | ssb.celehner.com | @cel | cel@celehner.com |

Pubs muito grandes

Aviso: embora tecnicamente funcione usar um convite para esses pubs, você provavelmente se divertirá se o fizer devido ao seu tamanho (muitas coisas para baixar, risco para bots / spammers / idiotas)

| Pub Name | Operator | Invite Code | | --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | scuttlebutt.de | SolSoCoG | scuttlebutt.de:8008:@yeh/GKxlfhlYXSdgU7CRLxm58GC42za3tDuC4NJld/k=.ed25519~iyaCpZ0co863K9aF+b7j8BnnHfwY65dGeX6Dh2nXs3c= | | Lohn's Pub | @lohn | p.lohn.in:8018:@LohnKVll9HdLI3AndEc4zwGtfdF/J7xC7PW9B/JpI4U=.ed25519~z3m4ttJdI4InHkCtchxTu26kKqOfKk4woBb1TtPeA/s= | | Scuttle Space | @guil-dot | Visit scuttle.space | | SSB PeerNet US-East | timjrobinson | us-east.ssbpeer.net:8008:@sTO03jpVivj65BEAJMhlwtHXsWdLd9fLwyKAT1qAkc0=.ed25519~sXFc5taUA7dpGTJITZVDCRy2A9jmkVttsr107+ufInU= | | Hermies | s | net:hermies.club:8008~shs:uMYDVPuEKftL4SzpRGVyQxLdyPkOiX7njit7+qT/7IQ=:SSB+Room+PSK3TLYC2T86EHQCUHBUHASCASE18JBV24= |

GUI - Interface Gráfica do Utilizador(Usuário)

Patchwork - Uma GUI SSB (Descontinuado)

Patchwork é o aplicativo de mensagens e compartilhamento descentralizado construído em cima do SSB . O protocolo scuttlebutt em si não mantém um conjunto de feeds nos quais um usuário está interessado, então um cliente é necessário para manter uma lista de feeds de pares em que seu respectivo usuário está interessado e seguindo.

Fonte: scuttlebutt.nz

Quando você instala e executa o Patchwork, você só pode ver e se comunicar com seus pares em sua rede local. Para acessar fora de sua LAN, você precisa se conectar a um Pub. Um pub é apenas para convidados e eles retransmitem mensagens entre você e seus pares fora de sua LAN e entre outros Pubs.

Lembre-se de que você precisa seguir alguém para receber mensagens dessa pessoa. Isso reduz o envio de mensagens de spam para os usuários. Os usuários só veem as respostas das pessoas que seguem. Os dados são sincronizados no disco para funcionar offline, mas podem ser sincronizados diretamente com os pares na sua LAN por wi-fi ou bluetooth.

Patchbay - Uma GUI Alternativa

Patchbay é um cliente de fofoca projetado para ser fácil de modificar e estender. Ele usa o mesmo banco de dados que Patchwork e Patchfoo , então você pode facilmente dar uma volta com sua identidade existente.

Planetary - GUI para IOS

Planetary é um app com pubs pré-carregados para facilitar integração.

Manyverse - GUI para Android

Manyverse é um aplicativo de rede social com recursos que você esperaria: posts, curtidas, perfis, mensagens privadas, etc. Mas não está sendo executado na nuvem de propriedade de uma empresa, em vez disso, as postagens de seus amigos e todos os seus dados sociais vivem inteiramente em seu telefone .

Fontes

• https://scuttlebot.io/

• https://decentralized-id.com/decentralized-web/scuttlebot/#plugins

• https://medium.com/@miguelmota/getting-started-with-secure-scuttlebut-e6b7d4c5ecfd

• Secure Scuttlebutt : um protocolo de banco de dados global.

@ d873a9c8:269f1419

This crossword contains a bitcoin wallet within, take the wallet for yourself.

If this Wallet still has bitcoin, the crossword has not been completed.

## Across:

• (5 Across) A piece of furniture used for work or study (13).
• (7 Across) At the back of or following someone or something (23).
• (10 Across) A non-professional or novice (16).
• (13 Across) More than what is needed or allowed (8).
• (14 Across) A choice or alternative path (4).
• (16 Across) A support or position to hold or display something (2).
• (18 Across) A skilled worker or the fundamental workings of a system (7).
• (19 Across) A married woman, often part of a partnership (17).
• (20 Across) Widely liked or accepted by many (20).
• (21 Across) A competition to achieve something first (9).
• (22 Across) To confess or allow access (6).
• (24 Across) A member of the species Homo sapiens (22).

Down:

• (1 Down) A bird often associated with golden eggs in stories (18).
• (2 Down) A location identifier or a formal speech (12).
• (3 Down) Something of enormous size or importance (14).
• (4 Down) A representative or someone acting on behalf of another (21).
• (6 Down) The beginning or earliest part of something (1).
• (8 Down) A mistake or incorrect action (24).
• (9 Down) A term for something outdated or ancient (5).
• (11 Down) A grassy field often teeming with life (15).
• (12 Down) The art of arranging sounds harmoniously (19).
• (15 Down) Unmotivated or unwilling to act (10).
• (17 Down) A powerful effect or collision (3).
• (23 Down) Lacking intelligence or unable to speak (11).

The number after each definition is used in the construction of the prize seed phrase.

Luka

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Here are my predictions for Nostr in 2025:

Decentralization: The outbox and inbox communication models, sometimes referred to as the Gossip model, will become the standard across the ecosystem. By the end of 2025, all major clients will support these models, providing seamless communication and enhanced decentralization. Clients that do not adopt outbox/inbox by then will be regarded as outdated or legacy systems.

Privacy Standards: Major clients such as Damus and Primal will move away from NIP-04 DMs, adopting more secure protocol possibilities like NIP-17 or NIP-104. These upgrades will ensure enhanced encryption and metadata protection. Additionally, NIP-104 MLS tools will drive the development of new clients and features, providing users with unprecedented control over the privacy of their communications.

Interoperability: Nostr's ecosystem will become even more interconnected. Platforms like the Olas image-sharing service will expand into prominent clients such as Primal, Damus, Coracle, and Snort, alongside existing integrations with Amethyst, Nostur, and Nostrudel. Similarly, audio and video tools like Nostr Nests and Zap.stream will gain seamless integration into major clients, enabling easy participation in live events across the ecosystem.

Adoption and Migration: Inspired by early pioneers like Fountain and Orange Pill App, more platforms will adopt Nostr for authentication, login, and social systems. In 2025, a significant migration from a high-profile application platform with hundreds of thousands of users will transpire, doubling Nostr’s daily activity and establishing it as a cornerstone of decentralized technologies.

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Último dia do ano, momento para tirar o pó da bola de cristal, para fazer reflexões, previsões e desejos para o próximo ano e seguintes.

Ano após ano, o Bitcoin evoluiu, foi ultrapassando etapas, tornou-se cada vez mais mainstream. Está cada vez mais difícil fazer previsões sobre o Bitcoin, já faltam poucas barreiras a serem ultrapassadas e as que faltam são altamente complexas ou tem um impacto profundo no sistema financeiro ou na sociedade. Estas alterações profundas tem que ser realizadas lentamente, porque uma alteração rápida poderia resultar em consequências terríveis, poderia provocar um retrocesso.

Código do Bitcoin

No final de 2025, possivelmente vamos ter um fork, as discussões sobre os covenants já estão avançadas, vão acelerar ainda mais. Já existe um consenso relativamente alto, a favor dos covenants, só falta decidir que modelo será escolhido. Penso que até ao final do ano será tudo decidido.

Depois dos covenants, o próximo foco será para a criptografia post-quantum, que será o maior desafio que o Bitcoin enfrenta. Criar uma criptografia segura e que não coloque a descentralização em causa.

Espero muito de Ark, possivelmente a inovação do ano, gostaria de ver o Nostr a furar a bolha bitcoinheira e que o Cashu tivesse mais reconhecimento pelos bitcoiners.

Espero que surjam avanços significativos no BitVM2 e BitVMX.

Não sei o que esperar das layer 2 de Bitcoin, foram a maior desilusão de 2024. Surgiram com muita força, mas pouca coisa saiu do papel, foi uma mão cheia de nada. Uma parte dos projetos caiu na tentação da shitcoinagem, na criação de tokens, que tem um único objetivo, enriquecer os devs e os VCs.

Se querem ser levados a sério, têm que ser sérios.

“À mulher de César não basta ser honesta, deve parecer honesta”

Se querem ter o apoio dos bitcoiners, sigam o ethos do Bitcoin.

Neste ponto a atitude do pessoal da Ark é exemplar, em vez de andar a chorar no Twitter para mudar o código do Bitcoin, eles colocaram as mãos na massa e criaram o protocolo. É claro que agora está meio “coxo”, funciona com uma multisig ou com os covenants na Liquid. Mas eles estão a criar um produto, vão demonstrar ao mercado que o produto é bom e útil. Com a adoção, a comunidade vai perceber que o Ark necessita dos covenants para melhorar a interoperabilidade e a soberania.

É este o pensamento certo, que deveria ser seguido pelos restantes e futuros projetos. É seguir aquele pensamento do J.F. Kennedy:

“Não perguntem o que é que o vosso país pode fazer por vocês, perguntem o que é que vocês podem fazer pelo vosso país”

Ou seja, não fiquem à espera que o bitcoin mude, criem primeiro as inovações/tecnologia, ganhem adoção e depois demonstrem que a alteração do código camada base pode melhorar ainda mais o vosso projeto. A necessidade é que vai levar a atualização do código.

Reservas Estratégicas de Bitcoin

Bancos centrais

Com a eleição de Trump, emergiu a ideia de uma Reserva Estratégia de Bitcoin, tornou este conceito mainstream. Foi um pivot, a partir desse momento, foram enumerados os políticos de todo o mundo a falar sobre o assunto.

A Senadora Cynthia Lummis foi mais além e propôs um programa para adicionar 200 mil bitcoins à reserva ao ano, até 1 milhão de Bitcoin. Só que isto está a criar uma enorme expectativa na comunidade, só que pode resultar numa enorme desilusão. Porque no primeiro ano, o Trump em vez de comprar os 200 mil, pode apenas adicionar na reserva, os 198 mil que o Estado já tem em sua posse. Se isto acontecer, possivelmente vai resultar numa forte queda a curto prazo. Na minha opinião os bancos centrais deveriam seguir o exemplo de El Salvador, fazer um DCA diário.

Mais que comprar bitcoin, para mim, o mais importante é a criação da Reserva, é colocar o Bitcoin ao mesmo nível do ouro, o impacto para o resto do mundo será tremendo, a teoria dos jogos na sua plenitude. Muitos outros bancos centrais vão ter que comprar, para não ficarem atrás, além disso, vai transmitir uma mensagem à generalidade da população, que o Bitcoin é “afinal é algo seguro, com valor”.

Mas não foi Trump que iniciou esta teoria dos jogos, mas sim foi a primeira vítima dela. É o próprio Trump que o admite, que os EUA necessitam da reserva para não ficar atrás da China. Além disso, desde que os EUA utilizaram o dólar como uma arma, com sanção contra a Rússia, surgiram boatos de que a Rússia estaria a utilizar o Bitcoin para transações internacionais. Que foram confirmados recentemente, pelo próprio governo russo. Também há poucos dias, ainda antes deste reconhecimento público, Putin elogiou o Bitcoin, ao reconhecer que “Ninguém pode proibir o bitcoin”, defendendo como uma alternativa ao dólar. A narrativa está a mudar.

Já existem alguns países com Bitcoin, mas apenas dois o fizeram conscientemente (El Salvador e Butão), os restantes têm devido a apreensões. Hoje são poucos, mas 2025 será o início de uma corrida pelos bancos centrais. Esta corrida era algo previsível, o que eu não esperava é que acontecesse tão rápido.

Empresas

A criação de reservas estratégicas não vai ficar apenas pelos bancos centrais, também vai acelerar fortemente nas empresas em 2025.

Mas as empresas não vão seguir a estratégia do Saylor, vão comprar bitcoin sem alavancagem, utilizando apenas os tesouros das empresas, como uma proteção contra a inflação. Eu não sou grande admirador do Saylor, prefiro muito mais, uma estratégia conservadora, sem qualquer alavancagem. Penso que as empresas vão seguir a sugestão da BlackRock, que aconselha um alocações de 1% a 3%.

Penso que 2025, ainda não será o ano da entrada das 6 magníficas (excepto Tesla), será sobretudo empresas de pequena e média dimensão. As magníficas ainda tem uma cota muito elevada de shareholders com alguma idade, bastante conservadores, que têm dificuldade em compreender o Bitcoin, foi o que aconteceu recentemente com a Microsoft.

Também ainda não será em 2025, talvez 2026, a inclusão nativamente de wallet Bitcoin nos sistema da Apple Pay e da Google Pay. Seria um passo gigante para a adoção a nível mundial.

ETFs

Os ETFs para mim são uma incógnita, tenho demasiadas dúvidas, como será 2025. Este ano os inflows foram superiores a 500 mil bitcoins, o IBIT foi o lançamento de ETF mais bem sucedido da história. O sucesso dos ETFs, deve-se a 2 situações que nunca mais se vão repetir. O mercado esteve 10 anos à espera pela aprovação dos ETFs, a procura estava reprimida, isso foi bem notório nos primeiros meses, os inflows foram brutais.

Também se beneficiou por ser um mercado novo, não existia orderbook de vendas, não existia um mercado interno, praticamente era só inflows. Agora o mercado já estabilizou, a maioria das transações já são entre clientes dos próprios ETFs. Agora só uma pequena percentagem do volume das transações diárias vai resultar em inflows ou outflows.

Estes dois fenómenos nunca mais se vão repetir, eu não acredito que o número de inflows em BTC supere os número de 2024, em dólares vai superar, mas em btc não acredito que vá superar.

Mas em 2025 vão surgir uma infindável quantidade de novos produtos, derivativos, novos ETFs de cestos com outras criptos ou cestos com ativos tradicionais. O bitcoin será adicionado em produtos financeiros já existentes no mercado, as pessoas vão passar a deter bitcoin, sem o saberem.

Com o fim da operação ChokePoint 2.0, vai surgir uma nova onda de adoção e de produtos financeiros. Possivelmente vamos ver bancos tradicionais a disponibilizar produtos ou serviços de custódia aos seus clientes.

Eu adoraria ver o crescimento da adoção do bitcoin como moeda, só que a regulamentação não vai ajudar nesse processo.

Preço

Eu acredito que o topo deste ciclo será alcançado no primeiro semestre, posteriormente haverá uma correção. Mas desta vez, eu acredito que a correção será muito menor que as anteriores, inferior a 50%, esta é a minha expectativa. Espero estar certo.

Stablecoins de dólar

Agora saindo um pouco do universo do Bitcoin, acho importante destacar as stablecoins.

No último ciclo, eu tenho dividido o tempo, entre continuar a estudar o Bitcoin e estudar o sistema financeiro, as suas dinâmicas e o comportamento humano. Isto tem sido o meu foco de reflexão, imaginar a transformação que o mundo vai sofrer devido ao padrão Bitcoin. É uma ilusão acreditar que a transição de um padrão FIAT para um padrão Bitcoin vai ser rápida, vai existir um processo transitório que pode demorar décadas.

Com a re-entrada de Trump na Casa Branca, prometendo uma política altamente protecionista, vai provocar uma forte valorização do dólar, consequentemente as restantes moedas do mundo vão derreter. Provocando uma inflação generalizada, gerando uma corrida às stablecoins de dólar nos países com moedas mais fracas. Trump vai ter uma política altamente expansionista, vai exportar dólares para todo o mundo, para financiar a sua própria dívida. A desigualdade entre os pobres e ricos irá crescer fortemente, aumentando a possibilidade de conflitos e revoltas.

“Casa onde não há pão, todos ralham e ninguém tem razão”

Será mais lenha, para alimentar a fogueira, vai gravar os conflitos geopolíticos já existentes, ficando as sociedade ainda mais polarizadas.

Eu acredito que 2025, vai haver um forte crescimento na adoção das stablecoins de dólares, esse forte crescimento vai agravar o problema sistémico que são as stablecoins. Vai ser o início do fim das stablecoins, pelo menos, como nós conhecemos hoje em dia.

Problema sistémico

O sistema FIAT não nasceu de um dia para outro, foi algo que foi construído organicamente, ou seja, foi evoluindo ao longo dos anos, sempre que havia um problema/crise, eram criadas novas regras ou novas instituições para minimizar os problemas. Nestes quase 100 anos, desde os acordos de Bretton Woods, a evolução foram tantas, tornaram o sistema financeiro altamente complexo, burocrático e nada eficiente.

Na prática é um castelo de cartas construído sobre outro castelo de cartas e que por sua vez, foi construído sobre outro castelo de cartas.

As stablecoins são um problema sistémico, devido às suas reservas em dólares e o sistema financeiro não está preparado para manter isso seguro. Com o crescimento das reservas ao longo dos anos, foi se agravando o problema.

No início a Tether colocava as reservas em bancos comerciais, mas com o crescimento dos dólares sob gestão, criou um problema nos bancos comerciais, devido à reserva fracionária. Essas enormes reservas da Tether estavam a colocar em risco a própria estabilidade dos bancos.

A Tether acabou por mudar de estratégia, optou por outros ativos, preferencialmente por títulos do tesouro/obrigações dos EUA. Só que a Tether continua a crescer e não dá sinais de abrandamento, pelo contrário.

Até o próprio mundo cripto, menosprezava a gravidade do problema da Tether/stablecoins para o resto do sistema financeiro, porque o marketcap do cripto ainda é muito pequeno. É verdade que ainda é pequeno, mas a Tether não o é, está no top 20 dos maiores detentores de títulos do tesouros dos EUA e está ao nível dos maiores bancos centrais do mundo. Devido ao seu tamanho, está a preocupar os responsáveis/autoridades/reguladores dos EUA, pode colocar em causa a estabilidade do sistema financeiro global, que está assente nessas obrigações.

Os títulos do tesouro dos EUA são o colateral mais utilizado no mundo, tanto por bancos centrais, como por empresas, é a charneira da estabilidade do sistema financeiro. Os títulos do tesouro são um assunto muito sensível. Na recente crise no Japão, do carry trade, o Banco Central do Japão tentou minimizar a desvalorização do iene através da venda de títulos dos EUA. Esta operação, obrigou a uma viagem de emergência, da Secretaria do Tesouro dos EUA, Janet Yellen ao Japão, onde disponibilizou liquidez para parar a venda de títulos por parte do Banco Central do Japão. Essa forte venda estava desestabilizando o mercado.

Os principais detentores de títulos do tesouros são institucionais, bancos centrais, bancos comerciais, fundo de investimento e gestoras, tudo administrado por gestores altamente qualificados, racionais e que conhecem a complexidade do mercado de obrigações.

O mundo cripto é seu oposto, é naife com muita irracionalidade e uma forte pitada de loucura, na sua maioria nem faz a mínima ideia como funciona o sistema financeiro. Essa irracionalidade pode levar a uma “corrida bancária”, como aconteceu com o UST da Luna, que em poucas horas colapsou o projeto. Em termos de escala, a Luna ainda era muito pequena, por isso, o problema ficou circunscrito ao mundo cripto e a empresas ligadas diretamente ao cripto.

Só que a Tether é muito diferente, caso exista algum FUD, que obrigue a Tether a desfazer-se de vários biliões ou dezenas de biliões de dólares em títulos num curto espaço de tempo, poderia provocar consequências terríveis em todo o sistema financeiro. A Tether é grande demais, é já um problema sistémico, que vai agravar-se com o crescimento em 2025.

Não tenham dúvidas, se existir algum problema, o Tesouro dos EUA vai impedir a venda dos títulos que a Tether tem em sua posse, para salvar o sistema financeiro. O problema é, o que vai fazer a Tether, se ficar sem acesso às venda das reservas, como fará o redeem dos dólares?

Como o crescimento do Tether é inevitável, o Tesouro e o FED estão com um grande problema em mãos, o que fazer com o Tether?

Mas o problema é que o atual sistema financeiro é como um curto cobertor: Quanto tapas a cabeça, destapas os pés; Ou quando tapas os pés, destapas a cabeça. Ou seja, para resolver o problema da guarda reservas da Tether, vai criar novos problemas, em outros locais do sistema financeiro e assim sucessivamente.

Conta mestre

Uma possível solução seria dar uma conta mestre à Tether, dando o acesso direto a uma conta no FED, semelhante à que todos os bancos comerciais têm. Com isto, a Tether deixaria de necessitar os títulos do tesouro, depositando o dinheiro diretamente no banco central. Só que isto iria criar dois novos problemas, com o Custodia Bank e com o restante sistema bancário.

O Custodia Bank luta há vários anos contra o FED, nos tribunais pelo direito a ter licença bancária para um banco com full-reserves. O FED recusou sempre esse direito, com a justificativa que esse banco, colocaria em risco toda a estabilidade do sistema bancário existente, ou seja, todos os outros bancos poderiam colapsar. Perante a existência em simultâneo de bancos com reserva fracionária e com full-reserves, as pessoas e empresas iriam optar pelo mais seguro. Isso iria provocar uma corrida bancária, levando ao colapso de todos os bancos com reserva fracionária, porque no Custodia Bank, os fundos dos clientes estão 100% garantidos, para qualquer valor. Deixaria de ser necessário limites de fundos de Garantia de Depósitos.

Eu concordo com o FED nesse ponto, que os bancos com full-reserves são uma ameaça a existência dos restantes bancos. O que eu discordo do FED, é a origem do problema, o problema não está nos bancos full-reserves, mas sim nos que têm reserva fracionária.

O FED ao conceder uma conta mestre ao Tether, abre um precedente, o Custodia Bank irá o aproveitar, reclamando pela igualdade de direitos nos tribunais e desta vez, possivelmente ganhará a sua licença.

Ainda há um segundo problema, com os restantes bancos comerciais. A Tether passaria a ter direitos similares aos bancos comerciais, mas os deveres seriam muito diferentes. Isto levaria os bancos comerciais aos tribunais para exigir igualdade de tratamento, é uma concorrência desleal. Isto é o bom dos tribunais dos EUA, são independentes e funcionam, mesmo contra o estado. Os bancos comerciais têm custos exorbitantes devido às políticas de compliance, como o KYC e AML. Como o governo não vai querer aliviar as regras, logo seria a Tether, a ser obrigada a fazer o compliance dos seus clientes.

A obrigação do KYC para ter stablecoins iriam provocar um terramoto no mundo cripto.

Assim, é pouco provável que seja a solução para a Tether.

FED

Só resta uma hipótese, ser o próprio FED a controlar e a gerir diretamente as stablecoins de dólar, nacionalizado ou absorvendo as existentes. Seria uma espécie de CBDC. Isto iria provocar um novo problema, um problema diplomático, porque as stablecoins estão a colocar em causa a soberania monetária dos outros países. Atualmente as stablecoins estão um pouco protegidas porque vivem num limbo jurídico, mas a partir do momento que estas são controladas pelo governo americano, tudo muda. Os países vão exigir às autoridades americanas medidas que limitem o uso nos seus respectivos países.

Não existe uma solução boa, o sistema FIAT é um castelo de cartas, qualquer carta que se mova, vai provocar um desmoronamento noutro local. As autoridades não poderão adiar mais o problema, terão que o resolver de vez, senão, qualquer dia será tarde demais. Se houver algum problema, vão colocar a responsabilidade no cripto e no Bitcoin. Mas a verdade, a culpa é inteiramente dos políticos, da sua incompetência em resolver os problemas a tempo.

Será algo para acompanhar futuramente, mas só para 2026, talvez…

É curioso, há uns anos pensava-se que o Bitcoin seria a maior ameaça ao sistema ao FIAT, mas afinal, a maior ameaça aos sistema FIAT é o próprio FIAT(stablecoins). A ironia do destino.

Isto é como uma corrida, o Bitcoin é aquele atleta que corre ao seu ritmo, umas vezes mais rápido, outras vezes mais lento, mas nunca pára. O FIAT é o atleta que dá tudo desde da partida, corre sempre em velocidade máxima. Só que a vida e o sistema financeiro não é uma prova de 100 metros, mas sim uma maratona.

Europa

2025 será um ano desafiante para todos europeus, sobretudo devido à entrada em vigor da regulamentação (MiCA). Vão começar a sentir na pele a regulamentação, vão agravar-se os problemas com os compliance, problemas para comprovar a origem de fundos e outras burocracias. Vai ser lindo.

O Travel Route passa a ser obrigatório, os europeus serão obrigados a fazer o KYC nas transações. A Travel Route é uma suposta lei para criar mais transparência, mas prática, é uma lei de controle, de monitorização e para limitar as liberdades individuais dos cidadãos.

O MiCA também está a colocar problemas nas stablecoins de Euro, a Tether para já preferiu ficar de fora da europa. O mais ridículo é que as novas regras obrigam os emissores a colocar 30% das reservas em bancos comerciais. Os burocratas europeus não compreendem que isto coloca em risco a estabilidade e a solvência dos próprios bancos, ficam propensos a corridas bancárias.

O MiCA vai obrigar a todas as exchanges a estar registadas em solo europeu, ficando vulnerável ao temperamento dos burocratas. Ainda não vai ser em 2025, mas a UE vai impor políticas de controle de capitais, é inevitável, as exchanges serão obrigadas a usar em exclusividade stablecoins de euro, as restantes stablecoins serão deslistadas.

Todas estas novas regras do MiCA, são extremamente restritas, não é para garantir mais segurança aos cidadãos europeus, mas sim para garantir mais controle sobre a população. A UE está cada vez mais perto da autocracia, do que da democracia. A minha única esperança no horizonte, é que o sucesso das políticas cripto nos EUA, vai obrigar a UE a recuar e a aligeirar as regras, a teoria dos jogos é implacável. Mas esse recuo, nunca acontecerá em 2025, vai ser um longo período conturbado.

Recessão

Os mercados estão todos em máximos históricos, isto não é sustentável por muito tempo, suspeito que no final de 2025 vai acontecer alguma correção nos mercados. A queda só não será maior, porque os bancos centrais vão imprimir dinheiro, muito dinheiro, como se não houvesse amanhã. Vão voltar a resolver os problemas com a injeção de liquidez na economia, é empurrar os problemas com a barriga, em de os resolver. Outra vez o efeito Cantillon.

Será um ano muito desafiante a nível político, onde o papel dos políticos será fundamental. A crise política na França e na Alemanha, coloca a UE órfã, sem um comandante ao leme do navio. 2025 estará condicionado pelas eleições na Alemanha, sobretudo no resultado do AfD, que podem colocar em causa a propriedade UE e o euro.

Possivelmente, só o fim da guerra poderia minimizar a crise, algo que é muito pouco provável acontecer.

Em Portugal, a economia parece que está mais ou menos equilibrada, mas começam a aparecer alguns sinais preocupantes. Os jogos de sorte e azar estão em máximos históricos, batendo o recorde de 2014, época da grande crise, não é um bom sinal, possivelmente já existe algum desespero no ar.

A Alemanha é o motor da Europa, quanto espirra, Portugal constipa-se. Além do problema da Alemanha, a Espanha também está à beira de uma crise, são os países que mais influenciam a economia portuguesa.

Se existir uma recessão mundial, terá um forte impacto no turismo, que é hoje em dia o principal motor de Portugal.

Brasil

Brasil é algo para acompanhar em 2025, sobretudo a nível macro e a nível político. Existe uma possibilidade de uma profunda crise no Brasil, sobretudo na sua moeda. O banco central já anda a queimar as reservas para minimizar a desvalorização do Real.

Sem mudanças profundas nas políticas fiscais, as reservas vão se esgotar. As políticas de controle de capitais são um cenário plausível, será interesse de acompanhar, como o governo irá proceder perante a existência do Bitcoin e stablecoins. No Brasil existe um forte adoção, será um bom case study, certamente irá repetir-se em outros países num futuro próximo.

Os próximos tempos não serão fáceis para os brasileiros, especialmente para os que não têm Bitcoin.

Blockchain

Em 2025, possivelmente vamos ver os primeiros passos da BlackRock para criar a primeira bolsa de valores, exclusivamente em blockchain. Eu acredito que a BlackRock vai criar uma própria blockchain, toda controlada por si, onde estarão os RWAs, para fazer concorrência às tradicionais bolsas de valores. Será algo interessante de acompanhar.

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Estas são as minhas previsões, eu escrevi isto muito em cima do joelho, certamente esqueci-me de algumas coisas, se for importante acrescentarei nos comentários. A maioria das previsões só acontecerá após 2025, mas fica aqui a minha opinião.

Isto é apenas a minha opinião, Don’t Trust, Verify!

@ 933f9d20:996b56ae

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Enneargram ความหมายคือ 'นพลักษณ์' เป็นศาสตร์ที่มีจุดประสงค์ไว้เพื่อการเข้าใจตนเองและเข้าใจคนอื่นหรือเพื่อให้เราอยู่ร่วมกันในสังคมได้อย่างสงบสุข(และหลีกเลี่ยงการแทงใจดำคนอื่นโดยที่ตัวเองไม่ได้ตั้งใจได้!) โดยในแต่ละประเภทจะเรียกกันว่า 'ลักษณ์'

และในบทความนี้ผมจะพูดถึงความรู้เกี่ยวกับ Enneargram ในภาพรวมกันครับ!

นพลักษณ์ (Enneargram)

หากคุณบ้าบอคิดจะข้าม(เผลอๆข้ามไปแล้วมั้ง..)จากหัวข้อนี้ไปดื้อๆคุณก็จะอ่านไม่รู้เรื่องเลยด้วยซ้ำหากคุณไม่รู้ว่านพลักษณ์คืออะไร

'นพลักษณ์' โดยคำว่า 'นพ' ซึ่งแปลว่า 9(เก้า) และคำว่า 'ลักษณ์' ก็คือความหมายว่าเป็น ลักษณะ

ซึ่งก็จะแปลได้เป็น ลักษณะทั้ง 9 นั่นเองครับ!

แล้วก็จะมีการจัดกลุ่มลักษณ์โดยแบ่งเป็น 3 กลุ่มซึ่งก็จะถูกเรียกว่า

ปัญญา 3 ฐาน (The 3 centers) อันได้แก่

ฐานการกระทำหรือฐานกาย แทนเป็น (A) ฐานความรู้สึกหรือฐานใจ แทนเป็น (F) ฐานความคิดหรือฐานหัว แทนเป็น (T)

พอรู้ปัญญา 3 ฐานแล้ว...เรามาดูลักษณะในแต่ละลักษณ์กันเลยดีกว่า!

The perfectionist (ลักษณ์ 1 A) เป็นลักษณ์ที่รักความสมบูรณ์แบบอย่างสุดซึ้ง มีระเบียบวินัยในชีวิตโคตรๆ เป็นคนเนี้ยบของทุกอย่างรอบตัวจะถูกจัดอย่างเป็นระเบียบ หากมีเศษขี้เล็บใครอยู่บนโต๊ะเขาก็จะรู้เลยว่ามันไม่ใช่ของเขา ยึดมั่นในคุณธรรมจริยธรรมอันดี และชอบความแน่นอน

The giver (ลักษณ์ 2 F) เป็นผู้ชอบให้ชอบเสียสละสิ่งที่ตนมี โดยที่ตนเองก็หวังลึกๆว่าจะได้สิ่งตอบแทนกลับมาด้วย มีนิสัยที่ร่าเริงแจ่มใสใจกว้างและเป็นมิตรต่อทุกๆคน

The preformer (ลักษณ์ 3 F) รัก(บ้า)การแข่งขันและชอบการเอาชนะเป็นที่สุด เกลียดการพ่ายแพ้และต้องการเป็นภาพลักษณ์ตามที่ตนเองต้องการ

The romantic (ลักษณ์ 4 F) พื้นฐานคืออารมณ์เศร้าหมองและมีความอิจฉาลึกๆ ไม่อยากเหมือนใครในสิ่งที่ตนเองสนใจและความเป็นศิลปินในตัวสูง

The observer (ลักษณ์ 5 T) คลั่งการหาความรู้(หรือจะฝึกฝนก็ตาม)มาใส่หัวแบบจะเอาให้เทพสุดๆรู้มากสุดๆในเรื่องนั้นๆไปเลย มักแยกอารมณ์ออกจากกระบวนการคิดเชิงเหตุผล ต้องการพื้นที่ส่วนตัวสูงและเป็นลักษณ์ที่เก็บตัวสูง

The guardian (ลักษณ์ 6 T) เป็นลักษณ์ที่มีความกลัวเป็นพื้นฐานของอารมณ์ ชอบวิเคราะห์และวางแผนอนาคตแถมขี้สงสัยด้วย ไม่ชอบความไม่มั่นคงและความไม่ปลอดภัยหวาดระแวงตลอด(โดยเฉพาะอนาคต) ชอบอยู่ใต้การบังคับบัญชามากกว่า

The optimist (ลักษณ์ 7 T) เสพสุขรักการจญภัยและชอบเติมเต็มชีวิตด้วยความแปลกใหม่ตลอดเวลา มีความตะกละเป็นสันดานและไม่ชอบให้ใครมาวาดกรอบให้ตัวเอง

The leader (ลักษณ์ 8 A) มีความโกรธเป็นพื้นฐานของอารมณ์และมีความเป็นผู้นำโดยธรรมชาติ ฝักใฝ่หรือสนใจในอำนาจและการควบคุม สามารถใช้ความโกรธเชื่อมโยงในสิ่งใดก็ได้ตามใจอยาก(และมันโคตรทรงพลังนะจะบอกให้!) ชอบปฏิเสธความอ่อนแอ(ซึ่งเป็นข้อเสีย)และชอบทำสุดใส่สุด(โดยเฉพาะทางกายภาพ เช่น จะกินก๋วยเตี๋ยวเผ็ดๆก็เทพริกซะหมดแก้วบรรจุซะ)

The peacemaker (ลักษณ์ 9 A) นักการทูตตัวจริงเสียงจริง มักเป็นลักษณ์ที่เมื่อเกิดความขัดแย้งระหว่างกลุ่ม ลักษณ์นี้นี่แหละคือตัวปิดความขัดแย้งที่แท้ทรู แต่หากไม่เกิดผลลักษณ์นี้ก็จะหนีออกมาจากความขัดแย้งแทนซะงั้น เป็นลักษณ์ที่รักสงบและเกลียดความขัดแย้งนั่นเอง

Wing (สภาวะปีก)

เป็นสภาวะที่เกิดขึ้นโดยที่ลักษณ์หลักของเราได้รับผลกระทบจากลักษณ์รอบๆ เช่น คนที่มีลักษณ์ 8 ก็จะมีปีกเป็น ลักษณ์ 7 และ ลักษณ์9 ซึ่งจะมีเพียงด้านที่ถนัดที่สุดเท่านั้น หากใช้ลักษณ์ 7 บ่อยที่สุด เราก็จะเขียนได้เป็น 8w7 (8 คือลักษณ์หลักของเรา และ 7 ก็คือลักษณ์รองลงมาที่อยู่ข้างๆนั่นเอง โดยมีตัว 'w' เป็นสัญลักษณ์คั่นกลางไว้) และเราจะต้องอ่านว่าลักษณ์8ปีก7

ซึ่งเราก็จะได้อิทธิพลลักษณะจากลักษณะข้างด้วยนั่นเองครับ ซึ่งบางสถานการณ์ก็อาจจะไม่มีก็ได้

Subtype (ลักษณ์ย่อย)

เป็นการแบ่งลักษณะการใส่ใจของแต่ละลักษณ์ โดยลักษณ์แต่ละลักษณ์จะต้องมี 3 ลักษณะ ซึ่งจะมีทั้งหมด 27 ลักษณ์ทั้งหมดในนพลักษณ์

Self-preservation (sp) เป็นลักษณ์ย่อยที่ใส่ใจกับความปลอดภัยและความมั่นคงของตนเองก่อน ซึ่งรวมถึงความมั่งคั่งและสิ่งของด้วย

Sexual,one-to-one (sx) เป็นลักษณ์ย่อยที่ให้ความสำคัญกับความสัมพันธ์กับใครคนใดคนหนึ่ง ไม่จำกัดว่าต้องเป็นคน จะเป็นสัตว์เลี้ยงก็ได้ ความสัมพันธ์ในครอบครัวหรือความสัมพันธ์แบบกุ๊กกิ๊กจักจี้หัวใจ(ก็โรแมนติกนั่นแหละ)

Social (so) เป็นลักษณ์ที่อยากมีส่วนร่วมหรือให้ความสำคัญในสังคมหรือในครอบครัว กลุ่มเพื่อน กลุ่มเพื่อนร่วมงาน ต้องการเป็นที่จดจำและต้องการความเคารพจากคนอื่น

Arrow line (สภาวะลูกศร)

เป็นสภาวะที่จะแสดงถึงพฤติกรรมต่างๆในแต่ละสถานการณ์ โดยจะเรียกกันว่าสภาวะมั่นคง ไม่มั่นคง และสภาวะปกติ

สภาวะปกติ ก็คือปกติ ไม่สุขไม่ทุกข์ มั่นคงและไม่มั่นคงในเวลาเดียวกัน

สภาวะมั่นคง เป็นสภาวะที่รู้สึกมั่นคงตามชื่อเลย เป็นความรู้สึกที่เป็นไปตามอยากตามต้องการ

สภาวะไม่มั่นคง ไม่ปกติ ไม่มั่นคง เครียด! หรือก็คือกำลังเจออยู่กับสิ่งที่ตนหลีกเลี่ยงนั่นเอง

โดยหากคนที่เป็นคนลักษณ์ 8 (อีกแล้ว!) ได้อยู่ใน....

-สภาวะไม่มั่นคง คนลักษณ์ 8 ก็จะได้รับอานิสงส์จากลักษณ์ที่ 5 หรือก็คือจะเก็บตัวมากขึ้น โฟกัสหรือสนใจแค่สิ่งๆหนึ่ง กลับไปจัดระเบียบชีวิต ความคิดตนเองหรือข้าวของที่อาจกระจัดกระจายไปทั่วในบ้านของตนเอง

-สภาวะมั่นคง คนลักษณ์ 8 ก็จะได้รับอิทธิพลจากลักษณ์ 2 ซึ่งนั่นก็คือการ Takecare ใจกว้างและรับฟังคนด้วย! ซึ่งดูมีความสุขแฮปปี้ลั้นลาในฉบับของลักษณ์ 8

ส่งท้าย

บทความนี้เป็นบทความแรกในชีวิตของผมเลย ซึ่งตัวผมเองก็เป็นลักษณ์ 8 ปีก 7 (8w7) ผมได้จมปรักกับเรื่องพวกนี้มากพอควร (3 ปีกว่าแล้วล่ะครับ) ซึ่งตัวผมในอดีตก็คงไม่ได้คิดหรอกว่าจะเขียนบทความ แถมยังเขียนใน Nostr อีก!

แต่ก็นะ.... ผมก็ขอขอบคุณที่อ่านมาจนถึงวรรคนี้นะครับ

ขอให้คุณตั้งใจใช้ชีวิตไปกับปีหน้านะครับ!

-From 31/12/2024

@ 599f67f7:21fb3ea9

Para este momento, ya deberías estar familiarizado con cerrar un canal de manera forzada, es decir, transmitiendo la transacción de compromiso directamente. Pero, ¿qué hay de cerrar un canal de manera cooperativa?

Cerrando un canal de manera cooperativa

Alice y Bob ciertamente tuvieron buenos momentos juntos, pero todas las cosas buenas deben llegar a su fin. Cerrar un canal de manera cooperativa requiere que los dos pares decidan sobre una transacción de cierre final que gastará de la transacción de financiación y pagará a cada uno su saldo final del canal de inmediato.

Paso 1: Bob -> Alice: shutdown

Bob ha decidido que es hora de cortar lazos y envía a Alice el mensaje de cierre.

El mensaje de cierre contiene el scriptpubkey al que Bob le gustaría que se enviara su saldo final del canal en la transacción de cierre. Una vez que Bob ha enviado este mensaje final, ya no puede enviar nuevos mensajes update_add_htlc. Solo puede enviar mensajes de eliminación de HTLC y update_fee. Cuando Alice recibe este mensaje de Bob, debe responder con su propio mensaje de cierre y tampoco puede enviar nuevos mensajes update_add_htlc. Alice y Bob ahora deben esperar hasta que todos los HTLC restantes hayan sido eliminados de ambas transacciones de compromiso. Dado que la transacción de cierre gastará de la transacción de financiación y se verá explícitamente diferente de las transacciones de compromiso, volveré a introducir algunos de los detalles en el diagrama de estado:

Una vez que todos los HTLC hayan sido eliminados, lo cual en nuestro ejemplo ya es el caso, pueden comenzar a negociar una tarifa para usar en la transacción de cierre final. El financiador del canal debe iniciar esta negociación. Supongamos que el financiador del canal es Alice.

Paso 2: Alice -> Bob: closing_signed

Alice primero elegirá una tasa de tarifa que considera apropiada para la transacción de cierre. Luego usará esa tasa de tarifa para completar la construcción de la transacción de cierre y firmarla. Luego envía el mensaje closing_signed a Bob:

El campo fee_satoshis le dice a Bob la tarifa en satoshis que Alice utilizó para construir la primera propuesta de transacción de cierre. La firma contiene la firma de Alice para esta propuesta. Ella también puede incluir opcionalmente los campos min_fee_satoshis y max_fee_satoshis para hacerle saber a Bob que si no está de acuerdo con su propuesta de fee_satoshis, puede enviar una contrapropuesta siempre que su contrapropuesta esté entre el rango mínimo y máximo proporcionado.

En este punto, el estado del canal se ve así:

Hay dos transacciones de compromiso válidas que pueden ser firmadas en cualquier momento por cada parte para realizar un cierre forzado, y hay una propuesta de transacción de cierre que utiliza una tasa de tarifa de x sats por byte. Esta transacción de cierre actualmente solo tiene la firma de Alice y, por lo tanto, aún no es válida.

Si en este punto, Bob está contento con la propuesta de Alice, podría proceder a firmar la transacción de cierre utilizando la tasa de tarifa propuesta por Alice y podría transmitirla, y eso sería el final. Pero, para el bien del ejemplo, digamos que Bob no está del todo contento todavía.

Paso 3: Bob -> Alice: closing_signed

Bob puede decidir que la tasa de tarifa que utilizó Alice es demasiado baja. Así que envía una contrapropuesta con una nueva tasa de tarifa, y sats por byte, junto con su firma para esta contrapropuesta.

Paso 4: Alice -> Bob: closing_signed

Si Alice está contenta con la contrapropuesta de Bob, entonces firma la transacción de cierre utilizando la tasa de tarifa sugerida por Bob. Luego puede transmitir la transacción y dar por terminado el asunto. Sin embargo, se recomienda en la especificación que Alice envíe un mensaje más closing_signed a Bob, pero esta vez con el campo fee_satoshis establecido en y sat por byte junto con su firma para la transacción. Ambas partes ahora tendrán ambas firmas requeridas para transmitir la transacción de cierre final que utiliza la tasa de tarifa de y sats por byte.

Cualquiera de las partes o ambas pueden ahora transmitir la transacción de cierre a la red de Bitcoin. Eventualmente será confirmada y el canal se cerrará oficialmente.

Si este canal era un canal público, entonces cualquier nodo en la red que tuviera este canal en su gráfico de enrutamiento podrá ver que la salida de financiación del canal ha sido gastada y, por lo tanto, eliminará el canal de su gráfico en este punto.

La belleza del canal es que Alice y Bob podrían haber enviado millones de HTLCs de un lado a otro a lo largo de la vida del canal y, al final, todo lo que apareció en la cadena fue la transacción de apertura y la transacción de cierre.

Alice y Bob vivieron felices para siempre.

Referencias

• BOLT2 Protocolo de pares
• Operación normal de un canal LN previo a taproot por nostr:nprofile1qqswrt9pnxatlplu49h6meld8svmwqt87wwvk256rqk07n6eu4qeh5gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dszpfjtz
• Una guía técnica sobre contratos de tiempo bloqueado por hash y operaciones de canales Lightning

@ 599f67f7:21fb3ea9

Contenidos

• Visión general
• Preliminares
• Operación normal del canal
• Configuración
• Añadiendo un HTLC
  • Paso 1: Alice -> Bob: update_add_htlc(A1)
  • Paso 2: Alice -> Bob: update_add_htlc(A2)
  • Paso 3: Bob -> Alice: update_add_htlc(B1)
• Comprometiéndose al estado actual
  • Paso 4: Alice -> Bob: commitment_signed
  • Paso 5: Bob -> Alice: revoke_and_ack
  • Paso 6: Alice -> Bob: update_add_htlc(A3)
  • Paso 7: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed
  • Paso 8: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack
  • Paso 9: Bob -> Alice: revoke_and_ack
  • Paso 10: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed
  • Paso 11: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack
• Eliminando HTLCs
  • Paso 12: Bob -> Alice: update_fulfill_htlc(A2)
  • Paso 13: Bob -> Alice: update_fail_htlc(A1)
  • Paso 14: Bob -> Alice: update_fail_malformed_htlc(A3)
  • Paso 15: Alice -> Bob: update_fulfill_htlc(B1)
  • Paso 16: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed
  • Paso 17: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack
  • Paso 18: Alice -> Bob: commitment_signed
  • Paso 19: Bob -> Alice: revoke_and_ack
  • Paso 20: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed
  • Paso 21: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack
• Actualizando tarifas
• Retransmisión de mensajes

Visión general

En este capítulo cubriremos las operaciones normales de un canal. Esto implica entender cómo se añaden HTLCs a un canal y cómo los pares del canal se comprometen a un nuevo estado para incluir estos HTLCs. Luego cubriremos cómo se restablece el flujo normal de un canal después de una desconexión. Finalmente, cubriremos el flujo de cierre cooperativo del canal. Por cierto, todos estos temas están cubiertos en BOLT2.

Preliminares

Aquí hay algunos conceptos y flujos que hemos cubierto anteriormente en nuestra serie que podrían ser útiles para entender este capítulo. No dudes en volver a leerlos si necesitas un recordatorio.

• nostr:naddr1qqxnzdenxgerzve5x5enyv3sqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2q3qtx0k0a7lw62vvqax6p3ku90tccgdka7ul4radews2wrdsg0m865sxpqqqp65wc4f8xj: por qué los pares del canal tienen un estado asimétrico y cómo actualizan este estado de manera confiable.
• nostr:naddr1qqxnzdenxgenvwp48qmnqdfhqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2q3qtx0k0a7lw62vvqax6p3ku90tccgdka7ul4radews2wrdsg0m865sxpqqqp65wx9fs7k: cómo se ven las salidas de HTLC en una transacción de compromiso.
• [Apertura y anuncio de un canal LN pre-taproot]: cómo dos nodos abren un canal. 

Operación normal del canal

Configuración

Alice y Bob han abierto su canal con éxito. Ambos han visto que la transacción de financiación está confirmada y han intercambiado el mensaje channel_ready entre ellos para indicar que están listos para usar el canal. El estado de sus transacciones de compromiso asimétricas actualmente se ve así:

Ambas transacciones de compromiso gastan la salida de la transacción de financiación multisig 2-de-2. Dado que es un multisig 2-de-2, gastar de esta salida requiere firmas de ambos pares. Las firmas están representadas por las dos cajas en la parte superior de las transacciones de compromiso. Puedes ver en el diagrama que la transacción de compromiso de Alice tiene una firma de Bob representada por la caja azul; Bob tiene una firma de Alice para su transacción de compromiso representada por la caja verde. Cada transacción de compromiso también tiene las salidas to_local y to_remote que pagan a las partes respectivas su saldo actual del canal. Tanto Alice como Bob pueden firmar sus propias transacciones de compromiso en cualquier momento y transmitirlas a la red de Bitcoin. Esto sería un cierre forzado.

Con el fin de hacer que los próximos diagramas sean más fáciles de seguir, ignoraremos las transacciones de financiación así como las salidas to_local y to_remote por un tiempo, ya que nuestro enfoque inicial estará en añadir y eliminar salidas de HTLC. Así que el diagrama anterior ahora se simplifica a esto:

• Una transacción de compromiso roja, mostrada a continuación, representa transacciones de compromiso pasadas y revocadas. Si Alice o Bob firmaran y transmitieran una de estas, entonces la otra parte podría barrer todos sus fondos. Así que estas transacciones revocadas pueden considerarse efectivamente inválidas.
• Una transacción de compromiso amarilla representa el último conjunto válido de transacciones de compromiso. Estas son las transacciones de compromiso que se transmitirían en un cierre forzado.
• Finalmente, cada lado tiene lo que se puede considerar un "área de preparación" donde se pueden proponer cambios a la transacción de compromiso. Más adelante, cualquiera de los lados puede decidir cuándo quiere que su contraparte se comprometa a los cambios en su transacción de compromiso de preparación.

Sugerencia: si te gusta git, esto es muy parecido a un flujo de trabajo de git. Los commits pasados están desactualizados, pero cuentan una buena historia de lo que sucedió. Tus últimos cambios comprometidos representan el estado actual de tu proyecto. Cualquier cambio que aún no esté comprometido está en preparación.

Añadiendo un HTLC

Cuando Alice o Bob quieren enviar un pago, necesitarían proponer la inclusión del HTLC a su par de canal. Esto se hace con el mensaje update_add_htlc:

Aquí hay una tabla sobre lo que significa cada uno de los campos del mensaje:

| Campo | Descripción| |---|---| | channel_id | utilizado para comunicar en qué canal debe tener lugar este cambio. | | id | un identificador que siempre incrementa para este cambio propuesto del remitente. | | amount_msat | la cantidad que debe adjuntarse a la salida de HTLC. | | cltv_expiry | la altura del bloque en la que el HTLC debe expirar. | | onion_routing_packet y blinding_point | datos que el destinatario del HTLC utilizará para determinar a dónde enviar el pago a continuación. |

Hay un punto contraintuitivo a tener en cuenta aquí: el remitente de este mensaje aún no coloca esta actualización en su propia área de preparación. Esto se debe a que la actualización aún está "pendiente del receptor" porque el remitente aún no ha recibido ningún reconocimiento del receptor para la nueva actualización. Imagina este escenario: el remitente envía una actualización y luego recibe inmediatamente un mensaje commitment_signed (más detalles sobre esto más adelante). En este caso, no debería haber ambigüedad sobre qué actualizaciones están incluidas en la transacción que se está firmando. Esperemos que esto tenga más sentido a medida que trabajemos a través del ejemplo.

Paso 1: Alice -> Bob: update_add_htlc(A1)

Supongamos que Alice envía a Bob un update_add_htlc. Llamemos a este HTLC A1 porque es el primero que Alice (A) está enviando a Bob. Si Bob está contento con todos los campos en el mensaje, entonces añade el HTLC a su transacción de compromiso en el área de preparación y Alice marca el HTLC como pendiente en el lado de Bob, pero aún no lo añade a su propia transacción de compromiso en preparación.

Ten en cuenta que ninguno de los lados ha comprometido realmente este HTLC aún, así que si Bob es un nodo de enrutamiento para este pago, no debería enviar aún update_add_HTLC al siguiente salto en la ruta hasta que A1 haya sido irrevocablemente comprometido. La adición o eliminación de un HTLC solo se considera irrevocablemente comprometida una vez que ambas partes en el canal se han comprometido a la transacción de compromiso con o sin él.

Esto no se muestra en el diagrama simplificado, pero en realidad la salida principal de Alice en la transacción de compromiso en preparación de Bob (es decir, la salida to_remote) ahora tendrá el valor del HTLC añadido restado (junto con las tarifas para cubrir la salida extra). Si el HTLC termina teniendo éxito, entonces esta cantidad se añadirá a la salida de Bob y si termina fallando, entonces se volverá a añadir a la salida de Alice.

Paso 2: Alice -> Bob: update_add_htlc(A2)

A pesar de que aún no se han comprometido al HTLC A1, esto no les impide añadir más cambios al área de preparación. Alice está más que bienvenida a proponer un nuevo HTLC, A2, a Bob:

Paso 3: Bob -> Alice: update_add_htlc(B1)

Del mismo modo, Bob puede sugerir un cambio, B1, a Alice:

Comprometiéndose al estado actual

En algún momento, uno de los pares querrá asegurarse de que el otro par se haya comprometido al último conjunto de cambios y revocar el estado válido anterior. Esto se hace enviando el mensaje commitment_signed:

| Campo | Descripción| |---|---| | channel_id | utilizado para comunicar en qué canal debe tener lugar este cambio. | | signature | la firma del remitente para la transacción de compromiso del área de preparación de la parte remota. | | num_htlcs | el número de HTLCs que el remitente espera que estén en la transacción de compromiso remota. | | htlc_signatures | un array de firmas de num_htlcs que son las firmas del remitente para cada una de las transacciones de HTLC de segundo nivel que la parte remota necesitaría transmitir si alguna vez tuviera que cerrar el canal forzosamente. |

Sugerencia: si necesitas un recordatorio sobre las transacciones de HTLC de segundo nivel y por qué son necesarias, consulta este [capítulo].

Paso 4: Alice -> Bob: commitment_signed

Supongamos que Alice envía este mensaje a Bob. Bob ahora tendrá todas las firmas requeridas de Alice para transmitir su transacción de compromiso en el área de preparación:

Observa que Alice sabía que su firma necesitaría cubrir los HTLCs A1 y A2. Esto está bien porque el transporte subyacente está garantizado para ser confiable y ordenado, lo que significa que si Bob recibiera el mensaje commitment_signed de Alice, entonces significa que definitivamente recibió sus mensajes update_add_htlc para A1 y A2. Alice y Bob saben que la firma no debería cubrir el HTLC B1 ya que Alice no ha enviado un reconocimiento para él aún.

Otra cosa a notar es que Bob ahora tiene en realidad dos transacciones de compromiso válidas ya que aún no ha revocado su estado anterior. Sin embargo, está incentivado a revocar su transacción de compromiso anterior ya que los HTLCs en el nuevo estado son uno de los siguientes: - Pagos a Bob mismo, lo que significa que se beneficia de comprometerse al nuevo estado. Si no se compromete al nuevo estado, entonces Alice tampoco lo hará y por lo tanto aún existiría una versión de una transacción de compromiso que no paga a Bob sus fondos entrantes. - De manera similar al punto anterior, si Bob está enrutando un pago, entonces también está incentivado a comprometer irrevocablemente el HTLC ya que ganaría tarifas de enrutamiento si el pago tiene éxito. - Finalmente, si Bob está haciendo el pago él mismo, entonces el primer estado sería de hecho más rentable para él ya que tiene menos fondos en el segundo estado. Sin embargo, el comerciante al que Bob está haciendo el pago no liberará los bienes que se están comprando a menos que primero se reciban los fondos, lo que no sucederá si Alice no pasa el HTLC, lo cual no hará a menos que se haya comprometido irrevocablemente. Así que nuevamente, Bob está incentivado a revocar su estado anterior.

Paso 5: Bob -> Alice: revoke_and_ack

En respuesta al commitment_signed de Alice, Bob envía el mensaje revoke_and_ack:

• El per_commitment_secret proporciona a Alice la información que necesita para poder gastar cualquier ruta de revocación en el estado previamente válido de Bob. Consulta el [capítulo de revocación] para más detalles sobre cómo funciona la revocación.
• El next_per_commitment_point le da a Alice la información que necesita para derivar la clave pública de revocación que se utilizará en la próxima transacción de compromiso de Bob.

Una vez que Alice recibe este mensaje, la transacción de compromiso anterior de Bob ha sido revocada con éxito. Ten en cuenta que este mensaje reconoce explícitamente el mensaje commitment_signed enviado por Alice y, por extensión, dado que la entrega de mensajes es confiable y ordenada, también reconoce implícitamente los mensajes update_add_htlc que Alice envió para A1 y A2. Por lo tanto, Alice puede finalmente añadir A1 y A2 a su transacción de compromiso en el área de preparación ya que ya no están pendientes en el lado de Bob:

Ahora podemos limpiar un poco el diagrama:

En el último diagrama, observa que las últimas transacciones de compromiso de Alice y Bob están en realidad desincronizadas. Esto está bien ya que ninguna de las actualizaciones se ha comprometido irrevocablemente aún. Eso podría parecer difícil de creer ya que las transacciones de compromiso se ven tan diferentes, así que vamos a repasar las consecuencias de que cualquiera de estas transacciones termine en la cadena desde la perspectiva de ambos lados.

• Desde la perspectiva de Alice:

  • si su transacción de compromiso se transmitiera, recuperaría su cantidad original to_local.
  • si la transacción de compromiso de Bob se transmitiera, entonces los HTLCs ofrecidos por Alice (como A1 y A2) estarían en la cadena. Para los HTLCs ofrecidos, Alice está enviando sats fuera, lo que significa que su to_local sería menor. Pero, si Bob era un nodo de enrutamiento para estos HTLCs, entonces no los habría reenviado ya que aún no están comprometidos irrevocablemente, lo que significa que no recibiría las pre-imágenes requeridas para reclamar estos HTLCs y, por lo tanto, Alice podría recuperar sus fondos a través de la ruta de tiempo de espera. Si Bob era el destinatario de estos HTLCs, entonces podría producir la pre-imagen para reclamar los HTLCs, pero entonces Alice vería la pre-imagen en la cadena y podría reclamar los HTLCs entrantes de su canal entrante y así habría ganado tarifas de enrutamiento.

• Desde la perspectiva de Bob:

  • si la transacción de compromiso de Alice se transmite, Bob recupera sus fondos a través de la salida to_remote.
  • si Bob tuviera que cerrar forzosamente a través de su transacción de compromiso, entonces los HTLCs ofrecidos a él (como A1 y A2) estarían en la cadena. Si Bob estaba enrutando estos HTLCs, entonces no los habría reenviado ya que aún no están comprometidos irrevocablemente. Así que no podría reclamar la ruta de éxito, pero eso está bien ya que los fondos para estos no salieron de su saldo. Si Bob era el destino final para estos, entonces podría reclamarlos a través de la ruta de éxito.

Paso 6: Alice -> Bob: update_add_htlc(A3)

Queremos ser muy claros sobre el punto de que las transacciones de compromiso pueden permanecer desincronizadas indefinidamente y que Bob no necesita enviar commitment_signed solo porque Alice lo hizo. Así que, para el sake de otro ejemplo, supongamos que Alice en este punto envía otro HTLC, A3, a Bob:

Paso 7: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed

Bob quiere comprometer irrevocablemente algunos de los HTLCs para poder reenviarlos, así que finalmente envía a Alice un commitment_signed propio. Esto incluirá su firma para la transacción de compromiso del área de preparación de Alice junto con todas las firmas requeridas de él para las salidas de HTLC de segundo nivel.

Paso 8: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack

Al igual que Bob hizo anteriormente, Alice responde al commitment_signed con un revoke_and_ack para revocar su estado anterior. Esto también sirve como un reconocimiento para Bob de que Alice ha recibido y se ha comprometido a B1, por lo que Bob ahora puede agregar B1 a su transacción de compromiso en el área de preparación.

Rápida limpieza...

¡Por fin, tenemos algunos HTLCs comprometidos de forma irrevocable! A1 y A2 han sido comprometidos de forma irrevocable. B1 y A3, sin embargo, no lo han sido ya que aún no han sido comprometidos por ambas partes.

Comprometamos rápidamente B1 y A3 de forma irrevocable también.

Paso 8: Alice -> Bob: commitment_signed

Paso 9: Bob -> Alice: revoke_and_ack

Paso 10: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed

Paso 11: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack

Limpiado:

¡Ahora todos los HTLCs han sido comprometidos de forma irrevocable!

Eliminando HTLCs

Probablemente ya entiendas la idea de agregar HTLCs. Pero, ¿qué pasa con eliminarlos? Los HTLCs se eliminan si un pago tiene éxito o si falla. Ten en cuenta que los mensajes de eliminación de HTLC solo pueden ser enviados por el par que no envió la actualización original update_add_htlc y que los HTLCs solo son removibles una vez que han sido comprometidos de forma irrevocable. Afortunadamente para nosotros, todos los HTLCs han sido comprometidos de forma irrevocable, así que podemos comenzar a eliminarlos ahora.

Paso 12: Bob -> Alice: update_fulfill_htlc(A2)

En el mejor de los casos, un HTLC se elimina porque se está cumpliendo, lo que significa que su pre-imagen se está devolviendo. Esto se hace con el mensaje update_fulfilled_htlc, que se ve así:

En nuestro ejemplo, Bob envía a Alice el mensaje update_fulfill_htlc para el HTLC A2. Esto también demuestra que los HTLCs no tienen que ser eliminados en el mismo orden en que fueron agregados.

Ten en cuenta que, al igual que las actualizaciones para agregar un HTLC, las actualizaciones para eliminar un HTLC también estarán inicialmente pendientes en el lado receptor hasta que hayan sido reconocidas por un revoke_and_ack. Así que, en nuestro caso, Alice elimina A2 de su transacción en el área de preparación cuando recibe el update_fulfill_htlc (y asigna el monto del HTLC a la salida de Bob), pero Bob aún no elimina el HTLC de su transacción en el área de preparación.

A diferencia de otros mensajes de actualización, no hay necesidad de esperar a que una eliminación de HTLC sea comprometida de forma irrevocable si recibes la pre-imagen para ello. Después de todo, puedes enviar inmediatamente la pre-imagen hacia arriba para reclamar cualquier HTLC allí.

Paso 13: Bob -> Alice: update_fail_htlc(A1)

Los HTLCs también pueden ser eliminados debido a fallos en el pago, como el tiempo de espera de los HTLCs o si hubo algún tipo de fallo de enrutamiento, como que un canal específico en la ruta ya no exista, no se cumplan los requisitos de tarifa de un salto, un enlace no tenga saldo suficiente, etc. Tales fallos se comunican con el mensaje update_fail_htlc:

El campo de razón es un blob cifrado para el remitente del pago para informarles sobre la razón del fallo.

Después de que Bob envía a Alice el mensaje update_fail_htlc para A1, el estado se ve como sigue:

Paso 14: Bob -> Alice: update_fail_malformed_htlc(A3)

El mensaje final que se puede usar para eliminar un HTLC es el mensaje update_fail_malformed_htlc:

Este mensaje se envía si algún salto en la ruta de pago no pudo analizar el onion_routing_packet que recibió en update_add_htlc. Si Bob envía a Alice este mensaje para A3, entonces el estado ahora se ve así:

Paso 15: Alice -> Bob: update_fulfill_htlc(B1)

Alice también inicia la eliminación de B1 enviando un update_fulfill_htlc a Bob.

Ahora limpiemos las eliminaciones de HTLC comprometiéndolas de forma irrevocable. Esto requerirá algunos flujos de commitment_signed - revoke_and_ack:

Paso 16: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed

Paso 17: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack

Paso 18: Alice -> Bob: commitment_signed

Paso 19: Bob -> Alice: revoke_and_ack

Paso 20: Bob -> Alice: commitment_signed

Paso 21: Alice -> Bob: revoke_and_ack

Los dos estados válidos ahora se ven bonitos y limpios nuevamente:

Actualizando tarifas

Hay un mensaje update_* más que necesitamos cubrir y ese es el mensaje update_fee. Este mensaje se utiliza para actualizar la tasa de tarifa que los pares deben usar al construir sus transacciones de compromiso. La tasa de tarifa original se decide en el flujo de apertura de canal, pero si la tasa de tarifa promedio del mempool aumenta, el financiador del canal podría decidir actualizar la tarifa de las transacciones de compromiso para que tengan una mejor oportunidad de ser confirmadas de manera oportuna en una situación de cierre forzado. También podría ser que cuando se abrió el canal, se eligió una tasa de tarifa muy alta y quizás se desearía una tasa de tarifa más baja.

Este mensaje sigue reglas similares a otros mensajes update_* en que también debe ser comprometido de forma irrevocable antes de que surta efecto. La única regla adicional que se aplica a este mensaje es que solo el financiador del canal puede enviar este mensaje:

Ten en cuenta que con los canales de anclaje, la necesidad de usar el mensaje update_fee se está volviendo cada vez menor, ya que los nodos podrán usar CPFP en la transacción de cierre forzado si es necesario.

Retransmisión de mensajes

Algo que puedes haber notado en el flujo de agregar/eliminar HTLC es que los reconocimientos explícitos para los mensajes update_* se retrasan hasta el intercambio de commitment_signed/revoke_and_ack. Eso está bien la mayor parte del tiempo, ya que asumimos que el transporte subyacente entre los dos nodos (ver BOLT8) es ordenado y confiable. Sin embargo, si por alguna razón la conexión entre los dos nodos necesita ser restablecida, habrá dudas sobre si nuestro par ha recibido el último mensaje que enviamos. Aquí es donde entra el mensaje channel_reestablish. Al reconectarse, antes de continuar con el flujo de operación normal, los pares intercambiarán este mensaje para asegurarse de que están en la misma página y para determinar qué mensajes posiblemente necesitan retransmitir a su par.

Cada par en el canal tiene su versión de la transacción de compromiso y las dos transacciones de compromiso pueden actualizarse de forma independiente, lo que significa que el número de veces que el estado de la transacción de compromiso de un lado ha sido actualizado (a través del flujo de commitment_signed y revoke_and_ack) podría ser completamente diferente al del otro lado.

El campo next_commitment_number en el mensaje channel_reestablish nos permite comunicarnos con nuestro par sobre el próximo commitment_signed que esperamos recibir de ellos. De esta manera, ellos sabrán si quizás hemos perdido un commitment_signed de ellos que enviaron anteriormente antes de la desconexión. En otras palabras, next_commitment_number le dice al par remoto cuál es nuestro último estado comprometido.

De manera similar, next_revocation_number es el número de compromiso del próximo revoke_and_ack que esperamos recibir. En otras palabras, esto indica a nuestro par cuál número de compromiso creemos que es el más reciente.

El your_last_per_commitment_secret es el último secreto por compromiso recibido del par remoto, lo que le dará al par remoto una idea del estado que definitivamente ha revocado.

my_current_per_commitment_point es el punto de compromiso de la parte local en su última transacción de compromiso firmada por el par remoto (en otras palabras, la transacción de compromiso que aún no ha sido revocada).

Hay muchas verificaciones que un nodo debe hacer al recibir un channel_reestablish para asegurarse de que todas las actualizaciones necesarias se retransmitan para que el canal pueda continuar funcionando con normalidad. También hay algunas verificaciones que aseguran que los nodos no sean engañados para revocar un estado que aún no debería ser revocado o engañados para transmitir un estado que ha sido revocado. Si estás interesado en los detalles sobre estas verificaciones, lee BOLT2.

Ten en cuenta que cuando ocurre un restablecimiento de conexión, ambos lados deben eliminar cualquier actualización no comprometida de su área de preparación. Si volvemos a visitar la analogía de git, deberían usar git stash cuando ocurra una reconexión. Esto significa que ambos lados necesitarán retransmitir cualquier mensaje update_* que aún no haya sido comprometido en la transacción de compromiso del otro lado.

Referencias

• BOLT2 Protocolo de pares
• Operación normal de un canal LN pre-taproot por nostr:nprofile1qqswrt9pnxatlplu49h6meld8svmwqt87wwvk256rqk07n6eu4qeh5gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dszpfjtz
• Una guía técnica sobre contratos de tiempo bloqueado por hash y operaciones de canales Lightning
• BOLT8 Transporte

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The recent appointments by President-elect Donald Trump have generated significant excitement within the cryptocurrency sector. His crypto-supportive team has amplified market enthusiasm, pushing Bitcoin's price to an all-time high as the industry rallies around the news. Our team has analyzed each appointee to assess the long-term implications of Trump’s administration on the crypto landscape.

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Key Appointments and Their Implications

1. David Sacks – White House AI and Crypto Czar

Sacks, a entrepreneur, investor, and advocate for cryptocurrencies, with a career spanning multiple successful ventures. He is the founding partner of Craft Ventures, a VC firm that invests in tech and crypto. Previously, Sacks was the COO of PayPal during its early days. Sacks has been an advocate for economic freedom, decentralization, and sensible crypto regulation. He has been involved in shaping crypto policy through his connection with political leaders, including his recent role as part of President-elect Trump’s pro-crypto team. His appointment highlights the administration’s intent to integrate cryptocurrency and AI into national policy, potentially creating a favorable environment for technological growth.

2. Paul Atkins – SEC Chairman Nominee

Atkins served as a commissioner for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 2002 to 2008, where he advocated for market-oriented policies and reduced regulatory burdens. He has been a prominent voice in pushing for regulatory clarity in emerging financial technologies, including cryptocurrencies. He has consistently emphasized the importance of balancing investor protection with fostering innovation. Atkins’ nomination underscores a clear effort to address regulatory uncertainty in the crypto industry. As co-chair of the Digital Chamber’s Token Alliance since 2017, he has consistently supported initiatives that balance consumer protection with innovation. His leadership at the SEC is expected to bring much-needed clarity to the regulatory framework.

3. Stephen Miran – Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors

The council advises the president on economic policy, assists in the preparation of an annual report that gives an overview of the country's economy, reviews federal policies and programs and makes economic policy recommendations. Stephen Miran is a economist with a focus on deregulation and economic policy. He is best known for his role as an economic advisor with a strong commitment to fostering technological advancement and free-market principles. He is an advocate for streamlining regulatory processes, enabling new technologies like Bitcoin to thrive in a competitive global economy. Miran's ability to shape national economic policies could therefore play a critical role in determining the future regulatory landscape for cryptocurrencies in the U.S.

4. Rep. French Hill-Chairman of the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets

Rep. Hill has served in the U.S. House of Representatives since 2015. He has been involved in numerous legislative efforts, focusing on economic policy, financial services, and digital asset regulation. Rep. Hill has elected to be Chairman of the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets and has been a vocal advocate for creating a structured regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies and digital assets. Rep. Hill has identified a digital asset market structure bill as a priority for the Republican Party. His statements have stressed the importance of developing clear rules that will foster innovation, while also making sure that digital assets don’t become a vehicle for illegal activity or instability.

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Outlook for the Crypto Industry

If the Trump administration follows through on its pledges, the U.S. could experience:

• Enhanced Regulatory Clarity: Clear guidelines could attract institutional investment and drive industry innovation.

• Improved Market Confidence: A well-structured framework may mitigate risks and encourage broader adoption of digital assets.

• Global Leadership: Proactive support for cryptocurrencies could establish the U.S. as a leader in financial innovation.

However, delays or failure to act decisively could perpetuate uncertainty and market instability. The crypto community remains cautiously optimistic, awaiting tangible policy actions that translate this promising momentum into long-term growth opportunities.

Reference: MayerBrown, Pensions&Investments, Time

IMF-Driven Revisions to Bitcoin Law\ El Salvador and the IMF have reached an agreement on a $1.4 billion loan program, to be disbursed over 40 months, according to an IMF statement. In return, El Salvador has committed to implementing measures aimed at improving its primary balance and reducing its debt-to-GDP ratio. As part of the conditions for a new IMF loan package, President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador has agreed to revise key aspects of the country's groundbreaking Bitcoin Law enacted in 2021. The changes include:

1. Ending the Legal Tender Mandate: Businesses are no longer required to accept Bitcoin as a form of payment.

2. Shutting Down Chivo Wallet: The state-run wallet, plagued with technical issues, will cease operations.

3. Halting Bitcoin Tax Payments: Bitcoin will no longer be accepted for tax obligations.

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Backlash and Misunderstandings\ Critics on social media have accused Bukele of abandoning his commitment to Bitcoin, framing these changes as a betrayal. However, such reactions fail to recognize the broader context of his leadership.

Leadership Priorities\ Bukele’s primary responsibility is to the Salvadoran people, not the global Bitcoin community. El Salvador faces profound challenges, including poverty, crime, and underdeveloped infrastructure. These realities necessitate pragmatic governance, where Bitcoin serves as a tool—not an ideology.

Expecting Bukele to prioritize Bitcoin over the well-being of his nation is both unrealistic and misaligned with the role of a national leader. The decision to modify the Bitcoin Law reflects a calculated effort to balance innovation with the pressing needs of the Salvadoran populace.

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Implications

1. Investor Sentiment and Confidence: Bitcoin investors, particularly those who saw El Salvador's Bitcoin adoption as a milestone for mainstream acceptance, expressed disappointment over the reversal. Bitcoin experienced dip in value on the day the news broke.

2. IMF Dynamics: The IMF’s involvement also fueled concerns, as it was seen as a sign that traditional financial institutions were exerting influence over a policy that was once viewed as groundbreaking for Bitcoin adoption. Some traders and investors worried that further pressure from the IMF could lead to additional regulatory restrictions, potentially dampening future market enthusiasm. The concessions demonstrate the leverage international institutions hold over nations experimenting with alternative financial systems. This could prompt a reassessment of Bitcoin adoption strategies in the face of external pressures.

3. Setback to Bitcoin as “Medium of Exchange": El Salvador's scaling back of its Bitcoin Law could significantly slow the growth of Bitcoin as a medium of exchange, as the country had been seen as the most iconic and pioneering example of fostering a Bitcoin circular economy. The government has reduced the incentives for businesses and consumers to adopt Bitcoin for everyday transactions. As a result, the dream of creating a Bitcoin-driven economy in El Salvador, where the cryptocurrency could circulate seamlessly, faces a major setback, potentially delaying or even derailing Bitcoin’s path to becoming a widely used and accepted global currency.

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President Bukele’s revisions to the Bitcoin Law are not a betrayal or rejection of Bitcoin, but a pragmatic adjustment to better serve the needs of El Salvador. Bitcoin remains an important tool in the nation’s economic strategy, but its utility must be balanced with other pressing priorities. El Salvador is still committed to purchasing Bitcoin and is likely to accelerate its pace. Ultimately, it's essential to remove the rose-tinted glasses and recognize the reality of a more mature and practical approach to integrating Bitcoin within a complex national economy.

Reference: Yahoo Finance, BitcoinMagazine

1. MicroStrategy to turn to fixed-income securities to raise funds for Bitcoin purchases

MicroStrategy, led by co-founder Michael Saylor, is shifting its funding strategy for Bitcoin purchases. Once its current fundraising plan is fully utilized, the company will move from using Bitcoin proxies to focusing on fixed-income securities. Previously, MicroStrategy has funded Bitcoin acquisitions through stock and convertible bond sales, with convertible bonds yielding positive returns as the company’s stock price rose. Saylor emphasized leveraging strategies to enhance shareholder value, noting that $4 billion of their $7.2 billion in convertible notes act as equity. This pivot aligns with a broader market trend where hedge funds are increasingly using fixed-income securities for convertible arbitrage, prompting MicroStrategy to issue $6.2 billion in convertible bonds this year. The move positions the company to adapt to the changing investment landscape while maximizing returns for shareholders.

Reference: Bloomberg

2. Russia Is Using Bitcoin for International Trade

Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov announced that Russian companies have started using Bitcoin and other digital currencies for international payments, a move in response to recent legislative changes aimed at countering Western sanctions. Additionally, lawmaker Anton Tkachev proposed creating a Bitcoin reserve, similar to foreign exchange reserves, to mitigate risks from sanctions, inflation, and currency fluctuations. This marks a step toward greater economic sovereignty and resilience.

Reference: The block beats

3. Japanese Government Responds to Proposal for Establishing Bitcoin Reserve

The Japanese government recently responded to a proposal by Senator Satoshi Hamada regarding the consideration of Bitcoin as a reserve asset, a trend gaining traction in countries like the U.S. While acknowledging the growing global interest in cryptocurrencies, the government expressed that discussions on Bitcoin’s role as a reserve asset are still in early stages and refrained from forming an opinion. Citing its legal framework, Japan emphasized that cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are not classified as foreign exchange and do not align with the objectives of maintaining stable and liquid foreign exchange reserves. Japan’s cautious approach reflects its commitment to economic stability while evaluating the potential integration of digital assets.

Reference: coin post

Happy New Year from Team HCM! As we welcome the new year, we are excited to celebrate not only the joy of the season but also the growth and progress of the Bitcoin community. Reflecting on 2024, we made significant strides and embraced new changes. The official HCM website is set to launch at early January of the year 2025, marking an exciting new chapter for our team. Looking ahead, we are enthusiastic about the future and the global adoption of Bitcoin, which will continue to grow stronger and more impactful. Here's to an incredible journey ahead, filled with innovation, collaboration, and success! Cheers to 2025!

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Table Of Content

• A Series of Banking Collapses

• Federal Reserve's Counteraction

• The Impact on Bitcoin

• Market's Delayed Reaction

• Bitcoin's Future Amidst Monetary Policies

• Conclusions

• FAQ

Bitcoin, the digital gold of the 21st century, has always been at the center of discussions in the financial and tech worlds. Its volatile price movements and its potential to revolutionize the financial sector make it a hot topic. Among the many voices opining on Bitcoin's trajectory, Arthur Hayes, co-founder and former CEO of BitMEX, stands out with his unique insights. He firmly believes that March was a defining month that signaled the onset of a bullish trend for Bitcoin. This article aims to unpack Hayes' perspective and understand the reasons behind his belief.

A Series of Banking Collapses

March of this year wasn't just another month on the financial calendar; it was a month marked by significant banking disturbances. Hayes attributes the beginning of Bitcoin's bull run to a specific date: March 10. On this day, the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) was taken over by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a significant event in the banking world. But this wasn't an isolated incident. Just two days before, on March 8, Silvergate Bank faced liquidation, sending ripples of concern through the financial community. This wave of uncertainty continued when, on March 12, Signature Bank was compelled to shut its doors due to intervention by New York regulators. These back-to-back banking crises set the stage for what was to come in the cryptocurrency realm.

Federal Reserve's Counteraction

Reacting to the unfolding banking crises, the Federal Reserve took a decisive step. They introduced the Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP), a strategic move aimed at stabilizing the banking sector. This program was designed to offer banks loans that could extend up to a year. However, there was a catch: banks had to post "qualifying assets" as collateral to avail themselves of these loans. Hayes viewed this initiative as a clear attempt by the Federal Reserve to provide a safety net for the entire banking system. In his interpretation, the Fed's message was straightforward: "Exchange your devalued bonds for fresh dollars, and let's stabilize the system."

The Impact on Bitcoin

The repercussions of the banking crises and the Federal Reserve's countermeasures were felt in the cryptocurrency market, particularly in Bitcoin's price dynamics. Following these events, Bitcoin's price began its upward trajectory, registering an impressive increase of approximately 26%. Hayes believes that the Federal Reserve's actions, combined with the growing skepticism towards the value of fiat currencies, played a pivotal role in this surge. As faith in traditional currencies waned, traders and investors began to see the appeal of fixed-supply assets, with Bitcoin emerging as the prime contender.

Market's Delayed Reaction

While the indicators pointing to a bullish trend in Bitcoin are clear to some, Hayes observes that the broader market has been somewhat sluggish in its response. This delay in market reaction is not uncommon in the financial world, where multiple factors influence decision-making processes. However, Hayes remains undeterred in his optimism. He anticipates that within a span of six to twelve months, the market will not only recognize but also react positively to this bullish trend, further propelling Bitcoin's growth.

Bitcoin's Future Amidst Monetary Policies

Hayes' bullish stance on Bitcoin extends beyond just its recent performance. He envisions a bright future for the cryptocurrency, irrespective of the monetary decisions taken by institutions like the Federal Reserve. Whether the Fed opts for interest rate hikes to induce economic tightening or chooses the path of printing more money to infuse liquidity into the system, Hayes believes Bitcoin is poised to benefit. In his perspective, the inherent properties of Bitcoin, combined with its decentralized nature, position it favorably to thrive amidst varying economic scenarios.

Conclusion

Arthur Hayes' insights offer a deep dive into the intricate dynamics between traditional banking systems, global monetary policies, and the burgeoning world of cryptocurrencies. As we stand at the crossroads of financial evolution, understanding these interplays becomes crucial. Hayes' conviction that March marked the commencement of Bitcoin's bullish trend provides not just a perspective but also a beacon for those navigating the cryptocurrency waters. His analysis underscores the potential of Bitcoin and offers a glimpse into its promising future in the ever-evolving financial landscape.

FAQ

When did Hayes believe the Bitcoin bull run started? Hayes believes that the Bitcoin bull run began on March 10.

What significant event occurred on March 10? On March 10, the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) was taken over by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

How did the Federal Reserve respond to banking crises? The Federal Reserve introduced the Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) to stabilize the banking sector by offering loans in exchange for "qualifying assets" as collateral.

What impact did these events have on Bitcoin? Following these events, Bitcoin's price surged by approximately 26%, marking the beginning of its bullish trend.

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@ 599f67f7:21fb3ea9

En este capítulo, revisaremos el proceso de apertura y anuncio de un canal pre-taproot, añadiendo algunos detalles técnicos. En los próximos capítulos, aplicaremos el mismo tratamiento a la operación normal y cierre de un canal. Estos capítulos nos darán la base sobre la cual construir a medida que aprendamos sobre canales taproot en el futuro.

Asumiremos que ya estás familiarizado con la estructura de una transacción de compromiso y entiendes por qué son asimétricas. Si necesitas un recordatorio, ¡por favor revisa los capítulos anteriores!

Contenidos

• El objetivo final
• Apertura del canal
  • El mensaje open_channel
  • El mensaje accept_channel
  • El mensaje funding_created
  • El mensaje funding_signed
  • El mensaje channel_ready
• Anunciando el canal
• Verificando el canal

El objetivo final

Establezcamos qué es lo que nuestros viejos amigos, Alice y Bob, están tratando de lograr.

Alice y Bob son nodos de la Red Lightning. Alice es conocida en la red por su ID de nodo, o la clave pública utilizada para identificar su nodo, esta es alice_node_id. Del mismo modo, el ID de nodo de Bob es bob_node_id.

Sus dos principales objetivos son: 1. Quieren abrir un canal entre ellos de manera sin confianza. 2. Quieren poder publicitar su nuevo canal para que el resto de la red pueda usarlo para el enrutamiento.

Apertura del Canal

Primero lo primero: a lo largo de este capítulo, utilizaremos diagramas y colores para ilustrar el proceso de apertura del canal. Aquí está la guía de código de colores:

• Un fondo blanco significa que el campo de la transacción aún no se conoce.
• Un campo coloreado significa que el valor del campo es conocido.
  • Verde indica las claves públicas de Alice.
  • Azul indica las claves públicas de Bob.

Un canal se abre una vez que ambas partes tienen la capacidad de firmar completamente sus respectivas transacciones de compromiso y una vez que la transacción de financiación está en la cadena. Tres transacciones están en juego para la apertura de un canal. La primera es la transacción de financiación, que necesita ser confirmada en la cadena. Las otras dos son las transacciones de compromiso mantenidas por Alice y Bob que describen el estado inicial del canal.

En este momento, aún no sabemos nada sobre los parámetros del canal, por lo que todos los campos tienen un fondo blanco:

El mensaje open_channel

El primer paso del proceso es que Alice decida que quiere abrir un canal a Bob, es decir, ella se convertirá en la financiadora del canal (y Bob será el financiado). Supongamos que Alice decide que quiere abrir un canal de 1 BTC a Bob y darle inmediatamente a Bob la mitad de la capacidad del canal (0.5 BTC). Alice ahora preparará un mensaje open_channel que enviará a Bob. Como referencia, en la tabla a continuación puedes ver los parámetros relevantes.

| Nombre del Campo | Descripción del Campo | ||| | chain_hash | La blockchain en la que abrir el canal. | | temp_chan_ID | Identificar el canal antes de que se conozca el outpoint de la transacción de financiación. | | funding_sats | La cantidad de salida de la transacción de financiación, es decir, la capacidad del canal. | | push_msat | La cantidad que el financiador envía incondicionalmente al financiado en el momento de la apertura. | | dust_limit_sats | Umbral por debajo del cual no se deben generar salidas. | | feerate_per_kw | La tasa de tarifa inicial a utilizar para las transacciones de compromiso. Puede actualizarse más tarde a través de update_fee. | | revocation_basepoint | Utilizado, junto con el first_per_commitment_point del nodo remoto, para derivar la primera clave pública de revocación que se utilizará en la transacción de compromiso de Bob. | | payment_basepoint | Utilizado, junto con el first_per_commitment_point, para derivar la primera clave pública de pago - la clave pública to_remote en la transacción de compromiso de Bob. | | delayed_payment_basepoint | Utilizado, junto con el first_per_commitment_point, para derivar la primera clave pública retrasada - la clave pública local_delayed en la transacción de compromiso de Alice. | | first_per_commitment_point | El primer punto a utilizar junto con los puntos base anteriores (excluyendo el revocation_basepoint) para derivar las claves públicas correspondientes. | | channel_flags | La única bandera actualmente definida es la bandera "announce_channel" que determina si el canal debe ser anunciado a la red o no. | | tlv: channel_type | Para que se pueda determinar la estructura de la transacción de compromiso. |

Ahora llenemos los valores de Alice para estos campos:

Alice envía este mensaje a Bob.

Dado que Alice ha decidido el tipo de canal que quiere abrir (legado en lugar de anclajes, taproot, etc.) así como la capacidad del canal, ya puede armar una parte bastante grande de la transacción de financiación:

Alice ya puede elegir algunos de sus UTXOs para ser entradas a la transacción de financiación, ya que conoce la capacidad del canal que quiere abrir. Sin embargo, aún no sabe qué clave pública Bob querría usar para el canal, por lo que no puede finalizar la salida de financiación del canal todavía, y por lo tanto no puede producir firmas para las entradas.

Como Alice ha decidido el tipo de canal (y por lo tanto la estructura de la transacción de compromiso), también puede comenzar a ensamblar las piezas de las transacciones de compromiso. Si asumimos que Bob está feliz con esta propuesta de apertura de canal de Alice, él también puede comenzar a armar las piezas utilizando la información en el mensaje open_channel. Recuerda que ambos pares necesitan construir sus propias transacciones de compromiso y ambos necesitarán firmar las transacciones de su par.

Veamos qué piezas ya pueden llenar:

La transacción de compromiso de Alice tiene la estructura de una transacción de canal por defecto, no anclada. Todas sus claves públicas han sido llenadas (alice_local_delayed_pk_1 se deriva utilizando su delayed_payment_basepoint y su first_commitment_point). Dado que aún no ha recibido ningún mensaje de Bob, no puede llenar ninguna de sus claves públicas. Y dado que la transacción de financiación aún está incompleta, tampoco puede conocer el TXID para apuntar la entrada de esta transacción de compromiso.

La transacción de compromiso de Bob se ve un poco más completa:

Al igual que Alice, él tampoco puede llenar aún el TXID de la transacción de financiación, pero puede llenar algunas otras cosas: - Los valores alice_pubkey_1, alice_to_self_delay, push_amt y local_amt se toman tal cual del mensaje open_channel. - alice_payment_key_1 se deriva utilizando el payment_basepoint de Alice y el first_commitment_point. - revoke_pubkey_1b se deriva utilizando el revocation_basepoint de Alice y el first_per_commitment point de Bob (Alice no puede derivar este punto aún ya que no ha recibido el first_per_commitment_point de Bob).

¡Genial! Es hora de que Bob indique a Alice su aceptación de la propuesta enviando el siguiente mensaje: accept_channel.

El mensaje accept_channel

El mensaje comparte muchos de los campos del open_channel. Aquí está el mensaje que Bob preparará.

Cuando Alice recibe este mensaje de Bob, ahora puede completar la salida de la transacción de financiación y puede crear las firmas para las entradas. Dado que todo está ahora lleno, el TXID de la transacción de financiación también es conocido.

Alice ahora puede llenar más de su propia transacción de compromiso: - ahora puede usar los valores enviados por Bob para llenar bob_pubkey_1, bob_payment_key_1, bob_to_self_delay y revoke_pubkey_1a - dado que el TXID para la transacción de financiación ahora es conocido, también puede completar la entrada

Ahora sabe todo lo que necesita saber para firmar esta transacción ella misma pero recuerda que aún le falta la firma de Bob para esta transacción.

La transacción de compromiso de Bob sigue siendo la misma que antes, ya que no aprendió nueva información después de enviar el mensaje accept_channel.

Ahora que Alice conoce el TXID de la transacción de financiación, también puede completar su vista de la transacción de compromiso de Bob y así puede producir su firma para la transacción de él. Ella enviará el siguiente mensaje a Bob: funding_created.

El mensaje funding_created

Alice ahora utilizará el mensaje funding_created para decirle a Bob el TXID y el índice de la transacción de financiación junto con su firma para la transacción de compromiso de Bob. Ten en cuenta que Bob aún no podrá transmitir su transacción de compromiso porque la transacción de financiación no ha sido transmitida aún.

Una vez que Bob reciba el mensaje funding_created, podrá completar el resto de su transacción de compromiso:

El mensaje funding_signed

Alice no transmitirá la transacción de financiación hasta que tenga una firma válida de Bob para su transacción de compromiso, entra funding_signed:

Ten en cuenta que este es el primer mensaje que utiliza el ID de canal real en lugar del temporal.

Esta fue la última pieza del rompecabezas para Alice. Ahora tiene toda la información que necesita para poder firmar su transacción de compromiso si alguna vez es necesario.

El mensaje channel_ready

Alice ahora puede transmitir de manera segura la transacción de financiación. Tanto Alice como Bob estarán atentos a la cadena para la confirmación de la transacción de financiación. Una vez que haya alcanzado la minimum_depth especificada por Bob en su mensaje accept_channel, ambos lados intercambiarán el mensaje channel_ready. Este mensaje cumple dos propósitos. Primero, sirve como una señal para el par para indicar que el canal está listo para usar (y pueden comenzar el proceso de anuncio del canal si abrieron un canal público y anunciado). En segundo lugar, también le dice al par que envíe su second_per_commitment_point que deben usar en su segunda transacción de compromiso.

Anunciando el canal

Esta parte es bastante fácil. Alice y Bob solo necesitan construir un mensaje, channel_announcement, juntos y una vez que esté completo, pueden transmitirlo a la red. Otros nodos utilizarán este mensaje para probar algunas cosas: - Que la transacción de financiación del canal es en realidad un UTXO existente y no gastado con un número aceptable de confirmaciones. - Que la salida de la transacción de financiación en realidad se parece a una transacción de financiación de canal Lightning. - Que el canal es en realidad propiedad de las claves que Alice y Bob dicen que utilizaron para construir el canal. - Que Alice y Bob están de acuerdo en el mensaje que se está transmitiendo.

Una versión parcial del mensaje channel_announcement se ve así:

h es el hash de todos los datos que serán cubiertos por las firmas. Para completar este mensaje, tanto Alice como Bob necesitan calcular una firma sobre h utilizando las claves privadas asociadas con sus IDs de nodo y las claves públicas que utilizaron en la transacción de financiación. Luego ambos intercambian el mensaje announcement_signatures para comunicarse estas firmas.

Ahora ambos nodos pueden armar el mensaje completo channel_announcement:

Verificando el canal

Supongamos que Charlie es un nodo que recibió este mensaje. Vamos a repasar los pasos que seguirá para verificar el nuevo canal que Alice y Bob han anunciado:

1. Primero, Charlie utilizará el short_channel_id incluido en el mensaje para asegurarse de que la transacción de financiación realmente existe en la cadena, que tiene un número suficiente de confirmaciones y que de hecho está no gastada.
2. Luego, Charlie verificará que la salida no gastada realmente se parece a un canal Lightning propiedad de alice_pubkey_1 y bob_pubkey_1. Hará esto utilizando las claves públicas publicitadas para reconstruir el P2WSH y asegurarse de que es el mismo que se encuentra en la cadena.
3. Ahora, Charlie querrá verificar que los nodos que poseen las claves públicas utilizadas en la salida de financiación corresponden de hecho a los nodos que poseen las claves públicas de ID de nodo. Puede hacer esto verificando las firmas alice_pubkey_1_sig y bob_pubkey_1_sig. Si estas firmas son válidas, entonces está claro que los propietarios de alice_pubkey_1 y bob_pubkey_1 están de acuerdo en ser asociados con alice_node_ID y bob_node_ID ya que el mensaje firmado contiene estas claves públicas.
4. Finalmente, Charlie también querrá asegurarse de que los propietarios de las claves públicas de ID de nodo están de acuerdo en ser asociados con el nuevo canal. Puede hacer esto verificando las firmas alice_node_ID_sig y bob_node_ID_sig. Si estas firmas son válidas, entonces está claro que los propietarios de alice_node_ID y bob_node_ID están de acuerdo en ser asociados con alice_pubkey_1 y bob_pubkey_1 ya que el mensaje firmado contiene estas claves públicas.

¡Alice y Bob han terminado! Su canal ahora está abierto y otros nodos en la red, como Charlie, utilizarán felizmente el nuevo canal.

Referencias

• BOLT2 Protocolo de pares
• Apertura y anuncio de un canal pre-taproot por nostr:nprofile1qqswrt9pnxatlplu49h6meld8svmwqt87wwvk256rqk07n6eu4qeh5gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dszpfjtz

@ 599f67f7:21fb3ea9

En el capítulo anterior tuvimos una visión simplificada de los HTLC, con suerte eso te dio una comprensión del mecanismo general y los incentivos en juego. En este capítulo profundizaremos en cómo se ven los HTLC en más detalle y cómo encajan en las transacciones de compromiso.

De nostr:naddr1qqxnzdenxgerzve5x5enyv3sqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2q3qtx0k0a7lw62vvqax6p3ku90tccgdka7ul4radews2wrdsg0m865sxpqqqp65wc4f8xj aprendimos sobre las transacciones de compromiso. Aquí hay un breve resumen:

Las transacciones de compromiso son asimétricas: Alice y Bob (participantes de un canal) cada uno tiene sus propias transacciones de compromiso. La transacción de compromiso que cada participante tiene se ve ligeramente diferente a la de su par en que cualquier salida que vaya al nodo local debe estar gravada por un bloqueo de tiempo relativo de to_self_delay. Esto es para darle a la otra parte la oportunidad de gastar a lo largo del camino de revocación de la salida si lo necesita.

Con esto en mente, continuemos con el ejemplo del capítulo anterior donde Alice está enviando 2 BTC a un destinatario usando su canal con Bob como el primer salto en la ruta. Recuerda que a Alice se le ha dado un hash H al que necesita pagar. En este ejemplo, Alice es la ofertante de HTLC y Bob es el receptor de HTLC.

Alice - Ofertante de HTLC

Enfoquémonos en cómo Alice construirá su transacción de compromiso para incluir ahora el HTLC. La transacción de compromiso tendrá tres salidas:

• Una salida de 5 BTC a Bob, gastable inmediatamente
• Una salida de 3 BTC con dos posibles caminos de gasto:
  1. Una gastable por Alice después de un to_self_delay
  2. Una gastable inmediatamente por Bob si tiene la clave de revocación requerida (ver nostr:naddr1qqxnzdenxgerzve5x5enyv3sqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2q3qtx0k0a7lw62vvqax6p3ku90tccgdka7ul4radews2wrdsg0m865sxpqqqp65wc4f8xj y nostr:naddr1qqxnzdenxgerzvek8qenyvekqyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqgs9n8m87l0hd9xxqwndqcmwzh4uvyxmwlw0637kuhg98pkcy8ana2grqsqqqa282rd072 si necesitas un recordatorio)
• Una salida de 2 BTC con... hmm, pensemos juntos sobre lo que necesita suceder aquí.

Esta salida es donde debe suceder la magia del HTLC. Necesitamos los siguientes caminos de gasto en esta salida: - Debe ser gastable por Bob si tiene la preimagen de H; este es el camino bloqueado por hash - O gastable por Alice después de cltv_expiry - O gastable por Bob inmediatamente si tiene la clave de revocación

PERO recuerda que las salidas de Alice hacia sí misma siempre deben tener un bloqueo de tiempo relativo de to_self_delay incluso después de cltv_expiry. Así que actualicemos los caminos de gasto con esta información: - Debe ser gastable por Bob si tiene la preimagen de H; este es el camino bloqueado por hash - O gastable por Alice después de cltv_expiry Y después del retraso relativo to_self_delay - O gastable por Bob inmediatamente si tiene la clave de revocación

Todavía hay un problema: gravar la salida a Alice con ambos bloqueos de tiempo podría, en el peor de los casos, extender el tiempo de espera del HTLC por to_self_delay. Es decir, Bob podría tener un bloque adicional de to_self_delay para barrer la salida bloqueada por hash a pesar de que el HTLC esté técnicamente expirado. Así que en lugar de bloquear esta salida con ambas condiciones de bloqueo de tiempo, se bloquea solo por el cltv_expiry. Luego, en lugar de enviar fondos a Alice directamente, los fondos se envían a una transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC separada (firmada por Alice y Bob) y esta transacción de tiempo de espera separada impone el to_self_delay. Esto permite a Alice bloquear el hecho de que el HTLC ha expirado y evita que Bob reclame la salida bloqueada por hash, todo mientras asegura que Alice solo pueda obtener sus fondos después de to_self_delay y, por lo tanto, aún permite a Bob gastar desde el camino de revocación (de la transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC) si es necesario.

La forma final de los caminos de gasto de la salida de HTLC de la transacción de compromiso se ve como sigue: - Un camino de gasto a Bob si tiene la preimagen de H (camino bloqueado por hash) - Un camino de gasto a Bob si tiene la clave de revocación - Un camino de gasto a una transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC de segunda etapa

La transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC se construye así:

• La transacción en sí está bloqueada por tiempo con nLocktime establecido en cltv_expiry. Esto significa que el camino de gasto en la transacción de compromiso original que envía a esta transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC está efectivamente retrasado por cltv_expiry
• La transacción tiene una salida con dos posibles caminos de gasto:
• Uno a Alice después de to_self_delay
• Uno a Bob si puede proporcionar la clave de revocación

El script para la salida de HTLC de la transacción de compromiso de Alice (la ofertante de HTLC) se ve así:

```

A nodo remoto con clave de revocación

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 OP_EQUAL OP_IF OP_CHECKSIG OP_ELSE OP_SWAP OP_SIZE 32 OP_EQUAL OP_NOTIF # A nodo local a través de la transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC (bloqueada por tiempo). OP_DROP 2 OP_SWAP 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG OP_ELSE # A nodo remoto con preimagen. OP_HASH160 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG OP_ENDIF OP_ENDIF ``` Puedes ver que el primer camino es el camino de revocación, el segundo es el camino a la transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC (el camino bloqueado por tiempo) y el tercero es el camino bloqueado por hash.

El script de salida de la transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC se ve así:

OP_IF # Transacción de penalización <revocationpubkey> OP_ELSE `to_self_delay` OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY OP_DROP <local_delayedpubkey> OP_ENDIF OP_CHECKSIG

Bob - Receptor de HTLC

Ahora enfoquémonos en cómo Bob (el receptor de HTLC) construirá su transacción de compromiso para incluir el HTLC. La transacción de compromiso tendrá tres salidas: - Una salida de 3 BTC a Alice gastable inmediatamente - Una salida de 5 BTC con dos posibles caminos de gasto: 1. Una gastable por Bob después de un to_self_delay 2. Una gastable inmediatamente por Alice si tiene la clave de revocación requerida - Una salida de 2 BTC que es un poco más complicada; profundicemos.

Pensemos en qué caminos de gasto debería tener esta salida: - Un camino de gasto que Bob puede reclamar si tiene la preimagen de H (camino bloqueado por hash) pero dado que es una salida hacia sí mismo, necesita tener un to_self_delay - Un camino de gasto que Alice puede gastar inmediatamente si tiene la clave de revocación necesaria - Un camino de gasto que Alice puede gastar después de ctlv_expiry (camino bloqueado por tiempo)

Nuevamente, tener dos bloqueos de tiempo diferentes en el mismo script plantea un problema: si Bob conoce la preimagen pero tiene que esperar to_self_delay bloques para gastar desde el camino bloqueado por hash, entonces hay una posibilidad de que este to_self_delay sea más largo que el cltv_expiry que Alice debe esperar para reclamar el camino bloqueado por tiempo. Esto significaría que Alice podría potencialmente gastar a lo largo del camino bloqueado por tiempo a pesar de que Bob tiene la preimagen. Por lo tanto, Bob necesita una forma de bloquear el hecho de que se usará el camino bloqueado por hash mientras aún retrasa su redención de los fondos por to_self_delay. Así que se utiliza una transacción de éxito de HTLC separada para esto, permitiendo a Bob gastar desde el camino bloqueado por hash a esta transacción de éxito de HTLC, que luego impondrá por separado la condición de to_self_delay.

La forma final de los caminos de gasto de la salida de HTLC de la transacción de compromiso se ve como sigue: - Un camino de gasto a Alice si tiene la clave de revocación (camino de revocación) - Un camino de gasto a Alice después de cltv_expiry (camino bloqueado por tiempo) - Un camino de gasto a la transacción de éxito de HTLC si Bob puede revelar la preimagen de H (camino bloqueado por hash)

La transacción de éxito de HTLC se ve así: - La transacción no está bloqueada por tiempo (a diferencia del caso de Alice) - La transacción tiene una salida con dos posibles caminos de gasto: 1. Uno a Bob después de to_self_delay 2. Uno a Alice si puede proporcionar la clave de revocación

El script para la salida de HTLC de la transacción de compromiso de Bob (el receptor de HTLC) se ve así:

```

A nodo remoto con clave de revocación

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 OP_EQUAL OP_IF OP_CHECKSIG OP_ELSE OP_SWAP OP_SIZE 32 OP_EQUAL OP_IF # A nodo local a través de la transacción de éxito de HTLC. OP_HASH160 OP_EQUALVERIFY 2 OP_SWAP 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG OP_ELSE # A nodo remoto después del tiempo de espera. OP_DROP OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY OP_DROP OP_CHECKSIG OP_ENDIF OP_ENDIF ```

Puedes ver en el script anterior que el primer camino es el camino de revocación, el segundo es el camino a la transacción de éxito de HTLC (y también es el camino bloqueado por hash) y el tercero es el camino de gasto bloqueado por tiempo.

El script de salida de la transacción de éxito de HTLC se ve así:

OP_IF # Transacción de penalización <revocationpubkey> OP_ELSE `to_self_delay` OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY OP_DROP <local_delayedpubkey> OP_ENDIF OP_CHECKSIG

La imagen completa

Revisión

• La salida de HTLC en una transacción de compromiso difiere dependiendo de si el constructor de la transacción es el ofertante de HTLC o el receptor de HTLC
• La salida de HTLC necesita estar gravada por dos bloqueos de tiempo, pero tener ambos bloqueos de tiempo en el script puede causar problemas
• La solución es barrer la salida a una segunda etapa de transacción de tiempo de espera de HTLC o transacción de éxito de HTLC e imponer el to_self_delay en esta transacción

Referencias

• BOLT3: Transacciones
• Cosas de LN Parte 5: Profundización en HTLC por nostr:nprofile1qqswrt9pnxatlplu49h6meld8svmwqt87wwvk256rqk07n6eu4qeh5gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dszpfjtz

@ 3ddc43df:9186b168

Should I Buy Bitcoin?

The price of a single Bitcoin recently reached $100,000 USD. By now everyone knows what Bitcoin is and how to buy some. Intuitively, the price of Bitcoin increases when there is more demand to buy Bitcoin than there is to sell it, and when the inverse is true the price goes down. We all know about meme-coins, which seem like (at least to me) the same exact thing as Bitcoin in a different name. So what makes Bitcoin different? Beyond buying it because the trend seems to indicate its value in USD will continue increasing, what is its fundamental value proposition? How is this value proposition different from meme-coins, or even alt-coins that are viewed as legitimate in crypto circles? What, if any, existential risks exist that could crash its price to zero in an instant?

I want to explore these questions to best inform myself on how to store and invest my money for the long-term. Everyone started hearing a lot about exponential growth curves in 2020. In 1975, Gordon Moore predicted that the density of transistors would double every two years, and this has roughly held true since. As innovation fuels more innovation, we can expect that, very generally, technology progresses on an exponential growth curve. The idea that a computer program could replace the world’s reserve currency is worth taking seriously given the huge impact we’ve already seen new technology have on society over a 20-year, 10-year, 5-year, and even 2-year timescale.

When I was working at Square I direct deposited a small percentage of my salary into CashApp’s Bitcoin direct deposit program. I sold it all when I left the company. A lot has been written about Bitcoin, so I mostly hope that writing this can help me solidify my opinions so that I can make a decision on whether to invest again and stick with that decision for somewhere between a decade and a century. Up to now I also have not been able to find a good comprehensive evaluation of Bitcoin including the “bull” case and “bear” case, so I will attempt do that here.

The Bitcoin Standard

Two years ago I was trying to answer these questions I just posed and most people on the internet said to read the book “The Bitcoin Standard.” So I bought it and it has been sat untouched on my bookshelf ever since. Time to read…

spongebob narrator voice a few days later….

This would be a good book if the author did not repeat himself ad nauseam and if he left out his many false claims. He claims the Ethereum blockchain is less immutable than the Bitcoin blockchain, moving off of the gold standard caused a decline in art’s quality, and the internet was not a “zero to one” invention but just an improvement upon the telephone. He spends half the book rambling on and on, often with personal attacks, about how he does not like Keynesian economics. He seems to draw his counterarguments against Keynes from just a single economist, Ludwig von Mises.

All of this made the book very annoying to read and proved the author quite untrustworthy. On the other hand, his general argument that hard money (ie gold) is superior to government-backed fiat is one I first read about in The Changing World Order by Ray Dalio. Dalio does a much better job here of backing this up and explaining how the decline of all the past major empires began by moving away from backing their currency with hard money. Government-backed money involves misaligned incentives — when the government spends and produces the money, invariably it will produce as much as it wants to spend. Hard money is supply-constrained, making inflation impossible. Inflation of course disincentivizes saving while incentivizing debt which is on a whole bad for society. Dalio shows that a populous prioritizing its future (saving money, investing in education and technology) correlates with its empire/country’s ascension. I don’t really know how to square this with present-day America which has the best capital markets in the world, but clearly does not prioritize the future in any other way. Maybe time-dimensions here have shifted since technology progresses much quicker now than in the past.

Anyways, it seems obvious to me now that a global supply-constrained currency would be much better for the world than a currency owned by the US government. Since the government prints its own money and has no functional checks and balances on this power, hyperinflation and the collapse of the dollar is inevitable. So even though this book was really bad I am sold on Bitcoin’s utility, so I guess it did its job. I also did a lot of online research while reading the book. Let’s go through that.

The Bitcoin Core Codebase

Bitcoin is software run on computers throughout the world. This software is on the internet. You can look at all the code, run it on your computer, and suggest updates to the core maintainers. A mix of volunteer and sponsored contributors around the world help to maintain the codebase. When the codebase it updated, people running Bitcoin nodes have the choice to update to the latest version. When the majority of Bitcoin nodes update to the latest version, the new software propagates throughout the ecosystem. This is literally how a version of money works and it is a software program you can look at and change yourself. There is mailing lists and IRC groups where software developers discuss how to make this version of the world’s money work best. I know this is now a pretty old concept but it has been blowing my mind. A case can be made that this is the world’s most important software program, since it defines somewhere around 2 TRILLION dollars worth of value.

Nostr

Somehow this rabbit-hole led me to one of the tens of new decentralized social networks. This one is the latest favorite of Jack Dorsey, who started Twitter and left it partly due to its centralization, then started Bluesky and left it partly due to its centralization. I’ve checked out Bluesky and Mastodon and I didn’t think it was really anything different or special and they just seemed like worse versions of Twitter. Nostr is actually very interesting and the reason mostly has to do with Bitcoin.

Nostr integrates with your Bitcoin wallet (technically your “lightning” wallet, which is a fast and cheap way of sending Bitcoin) so that users can send and receive Bitcoin with each other. It’s a simple idea and really easy to build, but the effect is all of these people are talking online together and trading Bitcoin with each other so there’s a mini economy here that is denominated in Bitcoin. There’s obviously not a huge amount of people there compared to other social networks but at the very least it’s a compelling playground type of world that shows off what the internet could look like if Bitcoin gains mass adoption.

Since payments are integrated directly within the social network, people share art and ideas and get tipped in Bitcoin. But Nostr is actually a protocol — social network clients have just been built on top of it, but there’s a few other things that have been built with it. There’s podcasting/streaming apps, encrypted messaging apps , blogging apps, marketplaces, and on and on. Most of these apps leverage Nostr’s Bitcoin wallet integration, and generally they could do the same thing by handling payment via PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc. Here’s the following benefits of using Bitcoin over those options:

1. Censorship-resistance. This doesn’t matter for 99% of people and use-cases but if I want to buy illegal drugs or guns or medicine or hacked passwords then it matters. For the record, I (mostly) don’t. I think it would be great if I could though and I feel like if I want to then I should be able to.
2. Transaction fees. Existing solutions charge somewhere between 2% and 3% of every purchase. Transacting Bitcoin over the lightning network is basically free.
3. Taxes. This is another controversial one and technically the US government requires that you pay sales tax for all Bitcoin purchases. But since Bitcoin wallets are pseudonymous making it unlikely that a purchase can be traced back to you, commerce via Bitcoin does not incur tax from the government.

Read Write Own

Nostr is a good example of a Web3 platform since it is based on peer-to-peer server communication, but it is not typical of the category since it does not operate on a blockchain and does not include a bespoke cryptocurrency. Ethereum is the most famous Web3 platform where commerce is denominated in Ethereum tokens. Solana is the newest competitor and is now the most popular platform. What is going on with these? What are the advantages/disadvantages of Web 3.0 living on the blockchain? Even if Nostr provides a compelling vision of a Bitcoin-native world, is this necessarily intertwined with a decentralized web?

With that, our next book is Read Write Own by Chris Dixon.

more time travel

This was a good book. Maybe it could have been a blog post. Yes, it definitely was a blog post expanded into 250 pages. Nevertheless, its core argument was compelling and it did not base this argument on anything obviously untrue like the last book. The author is a partner at a16z, a large venture capital fund that invests heavily in web3 tech. The author breaks down internet networks into three categories: protocol networks, corporate networks, and blockchain networks.

The first takes form as standards defined by IETF, such as HTML, SMTP, FTP, DNS, etc. Basically the core layer of the Internet exists as collection of protocols that define how bits are ordered. In the early days people interoperated by using thin clients that implemented these protocols. Corporate networks use these protocols as well but on top of them they create their own proprietary layer where connections are created. Think Facebook/Twitter social graphs, Google’s page rank, AirBnB/Uber’s marketplaces. Network connections exist within the proprietary layers each corporation has created. Blockchain networks are essentially corporate networks defined by new protocols. The author spends most of the book arguing that blockchain networks provide the great features of corporate networks with the openness of protocol networks, so blockchains give us the best of both worlds.

If I could snap my fingers and kill the Internet and the world had to rebuild it from scratch, I think Blockchain would play a huge part in the redesign. The Internet is a hodgepodge collection of standards that have been somewhat haphazardly created over time. As we unlock greater capabilities via more bandwidth and more powerful compute, more standards and types of networks are added on top of the old ones. Dixon mostly argues that corporate networks are bad because corporations act as unilateral dictators over their respective networks. Benevolent dictatorships are the best organizational structure; of course, the problem is that no dictatorship can stay benevolent indefinitely. People will search for alternatives when a “regime” changes in a way they don’t like, as has already happened to some extent with Google[^1] and Twitter[^2]. Some corporate networks will stay benevolent for a long time, and they will persist long after their leadership becomes corrupted; as they say, Rome did not fall in a day. We’ve seen throughout history that democratic organizations eventually win out. Even China has ceded that they need some form of a free market to compete in the global marketplace. Blockchains provide a free market and democratic ownership within Internet networks.

What to Do?[^3]

I am completely convinced now that blockchains will one day be a foundational part of the internet, of course the big question is how long does that take? My intuition is that it takes a long long time, because it is going to take a lot to move people away from existing corporate-owned platforms. But, similar to Bitcoin succeeding because governments will not indefinitely print their money responsibly, corporations will not indefinitely govern their networks responsibly. So blockchain networks are something that I am looking at as a very long-tailed investment that I am fairly certain will pay off well in something like 50 years at the most, meaning I expect blockchains to be a foundational part of the internet within 50 years.

I look at Bitcoin in a similar way but with a much shorter time horizon. The US government has displayed plenty of irresponsible monetary policy in the past few years and I expect this trend to continue. I look at Bitcoin as an investment that will pay off well within the next 20 years, by which I mean within 20 years Bitcoin will be commonly used as a store of value, if not a method of payment.

Of the USD I am converting into cryptocurrency, three-quarters is going to Bitcoin, one-sixth to Solana, and one-tenth to Internet Computer. A brief word on the latter two… Every operation on blockchains costs money so that the nodes running the blockchain can be compensated. This is why blockchains all include a native cryptocurrency, which is the token its nodes are paid in. Solana is a new blockchain that has the lowest-cost transaction fee because it uses a unique method of verifying transactions called Proof of History, which combined with Proof of Stake provides strong cryptographic guarantees while using very little compute. Internet Computer is a blockchain that natively provides many building blocks for building a web3 ecosystem — an identity platform, http interoperability and cloud computing primitives. Basically right now you can deploy your website on this blockchain and anyone can access it from a web browser.

There are many more blockchains that are interesting and the space is evolving really quickly, these two are just the ones that caught my eye and seem to me like building blocks for the future.

Gripes

I did not end up reading much text on cases against Bitcoin and Web3, as I decided these points are fairly obvious. This is new technology so there is massive reason to believe it will end up having no consequence to the world as 99% of new technology ends up this way. The cases against these technologies are well documented and encapsulates the prevailing sentiment around them. Bitcoin has no inherent value, is not optimally scalable, is pseudonymous rather than anonymous, requires more user responsibility than fiat alternatives, and will potentially be adversarial to the US government. Blockchains are always less efficient than traditional networks, charge per transaction, (mostly) include network lock-in via their bespoke cryptocurrency, and require that users set up and learn how to use hot wallets.

There are many reasons to believe neither of these technologies will succeed. I take the point of view that all of these downsides are going to be alleviated through technological progress (the open source community building solutions to all of these problems is huge and iterating extremely quickly) and through cultural shifts (learning to use the internet was once a big hurdle for everyone, but we have learned and taught each other effectively). It’s completely reasonable to be pessimistic, however pessimism around new internet technologies has not typically been a winning strategy.

[^1]: I recently added Kagi to my list of software subscriptions. It is $10 per month and offers high quality search without ads. I recommend it.

[^2]: I think the new Twitter is pretty cool, but many people don’t like Elon and have switched to one of the many alternatives. Additionally, some cracks have already started to show in their new model with Elon banning accounts he does not like or disagrees with. As mentioned before, Nostr is a good alternative, even if it is somewhat more difficult to get started with. To get started I recommend the Primal client, for which I pay $7/month but is also great to use without paying anything.

[^3]: Is it necessary to say this is not financial advice? I see that everywhere but I always think that it is probably not necessary legally. Anyways, this is not financial advice.

@ ed60dae0:cc3d5108

Disclaimer

Not financial advice. This is for educational purposes only. Do your own research. You are responsible for your own choices. The author is not a professional trader and/or financial advisor, only a student of the markets. Act accordingly.

Intro

I wanted to explore some opportunities using Bitcoin options in combination with price models. Like a student, I aim to think it through by writing it down. Any feedback is welcome—I’m eager to learn.

Gold as a standard for financial measurement

There are people who can describe far more eloquently why the U.S. Dollar isn’t the ideal tool for measurement. Gold, due to its unique properties, is one of the best—though not perfect—financial tools to use as a measure for various reasons. Personally, I prefer to measure the adoption of the Bitcoin network against gold, and I believe the ultimate metric for measuring adoption is price.

## Worst Case Scenario

For this exploration, I want to focus on downside risk. The chart above shows that the price of Bitcoin, expressed in gold ounces, follows a power law. Before I continue, I want to state the obvious: the “power law” is not a certainty. As British statistician George E. P. Box famously said, “All models are wrong, but some are useful.” Let’s assume that if the rate of network adoption in the coming year is equal to or greater than in previous years, the power law will retain its validity. The chart shows that the price usually falls to negative 1 standard deviation during a bear market. However, in some cases, such as the bear market of 2022, the price even reached negative 1.5 standard deviations.

In the opportunity example, I will examine the option expiration date of December 26, 2025. Since the chart isn’t interactive, you can’t hover over the lines to get the exact numbers, so I will state them here. According to the Power Law, the price of Bitcoin expressed in gold ounces on December 31, 2025, is 33.4 ounces for -1 sigma and 26.6 ounces for -1.5 sigma.

Depending on your expectations for the price of one ounce of gold on December 26, 2025, you can calculate the bear market bottom in the event of an unexpected downturn of the market next year. Based on today’s gold price, this would be 33.4 x $2,600 = $86,840 for a -1 sigma move and 26.6 x $2,600 = $69,160 for a -1.5 sigma move down. You could argue that the price of gold might be lower if an unexpected bear market begins for risk-on assets. The question is whether gold will be lower or even higher in such an environment. Currently, gold is being purchased as a hedge against inflation and wealth confiscation (e.g., as seen when the U.S. froze Russian state-owned U.S. Treasury bonds). However, in a bear market, it could also be bought as a safe haven during an economic downturn.

Example

With these numbers in mind, we can explore the option chain on platforms like Deribit. For this example I’m looking at BTC-26DEC25. As of today, December 31, 2024, the futures price for this expiration date is approximately $104,000.

Let’s say you’re a HODLER who believes the current bull market isn’t over yet. You own spot Bitcoin, which essentially means you are long Bitcoin and short dollars. For simplicity, let’s assume you own 1 whole Bitcoin. Since you believe the bull market has further to run, you don’t want to sell your Bitcoin (or perhaps you never want to), but you’re interested in opportunities to stack more Bitcoin.

One option is to pledge your Bitcoin as collateral on the Deribit exchange, giving you enough margin to open a position. This way, you won’t have to sell your Bitcoin but can still participate in new trades. For example, you could sell a put with a $90,000 strike price for, say, 0.16 BTC. At the current spot price, that’s approximately $15,000.

\ Note that you potentially could earn more by selling a put with a $100,000 strike price, where the extrinsic value is larger. However, I’m choosing $90,000 because it aligns more closely with $86,840, which provides greater room for an unexpected downturn in the market toward the -1 sigma move.

By holding onto your spot Bitcoin, you still retain all the upside potential in case the bull market continues. Selling the put doesn’t require you to take on excessive risk—you’re already long on Bitcoin. If the Power Law holds, it’s probable that the price will remain above $90,000 by December 26, 2025.

Historically, the price of Bitcoin tends to reset toward the Short-Term Holder (STH) cost basis during bull markets. Currently, the STH cost basis is around $87,000. If this happens, it could present an even better opportunity. You could stick with a strike price of $90,000 and collect a larger premium, thereby lowering your breakeven price, or you could aim for the same premium amount and choose a lower strike price, which would reduce your breakeven price even further. However, it’s not guaranteed that you’ll get that chance.

Risk Management

There are risks involved in this trade. These risks include third-party risks, where Deribit might lose your Bitcoin and be unable to pay it back. The biggest risk is that the adoption of the bitcoin network stalls and the power law gets invalidated to the downside and the price of bitcoin ends up way below your strike price. Another risk of this trade lies in the fact that your collateral is held in BTC, while your trade also depends on Bitcoin moving sideways or upward. If Bitcoin’s price declines, your collateral will lose value. In the event of a market crash, like a black swan event, the market could move significantly against your trade, the put option will go in the money and acquire intrinsic value, which is unfavorable for the seller of the put. In extreme cases, you could face a margin call, requiring you to pledge more collateral, or the exchange could liquidate your Bitcoin and close your position. The bitcoin price could recover and still end up above $ 90,000 at the end of 2025, but you’ll end up with none.

To mitigate this risk—not entirely, but partially—you could sell some spot Bitcoin. Let’s say your goal is to end up with at least 1 Bitcoin. You could sell an amount equivalent to the premium you would receive if the price closes above $90,000. In this case, you would sell 0.16 BTC, resulting in a balance of 0.84 BTC and $15,000. This strategy protects you somewhat if Bitcoin’s price drops, as the premium you receive (denominated in BTC) would be worth less. If the price closes above $90,000, you will still end up with 1 BTC and $15,000. Essentially, you’re sacrificing some upside potential in exchange for added certainty.

If you’re an experienced trader, you could temporarily hedge your position to delta neutral in uncertain periods by shorting the bitcoin future price with the corresponding expiration date. The risk here is that a trader could wind up losing all his potential profit or worse through ‘a death by a thousand cuts’.

It’s important to note that your breakeven price in this trade is $90,000 - $15,000 = $75,000. Additionally, the worst-case scenario, though unlikely, is a -1.5 sigma move, which could bring the price (depending on the USD price of an ounce of gold at the time of expiration) to around $70,000. While this doesn’t eliminate all risk, if you believe the adoption rate of the bitcoin network will stay the same (at worst) and thus the power law won’t be invalidated and so you believe in Bitcoin’s value and its bright future, this represents an asymmetric bet where the probable outcome of gaining $15,000 outweighs the improbable outcome of losing $5,000.

Your own assessment

Uncertainty is the name of the game—it’s the very reason why premiums and insurance exist in the first place. Nothing is certain; even the presence of the sun could one day vanish. However, you can turn this uncertainty into your ally rather than your enemy. Do your own research and make your own assessment. Ask yourself: what do you think 2025 will bring?

• What will be the yield on the 10-year Treasury Note, a.k.a. the “risk-free rate”?
• Will inflation remain sticky?
• Will AI drive significant productivity gains?
• Will growth outpace inflation?
• What will be the impact of reduced immigration on the labor market?
• Will the Trump administration deliver on its promises?
• What if the U.S. Dollar becomes too strong?
• Will central banks extend their balance sheets further?
• Will governments take on even more debt?
• Will Bitcoin play a bigger role in corporate treasury strategies?
• Will more Nation States adopt Bitcoin?
• Can this train be stopped?

Use your own assessment alongside pricing models like the BTC/Gold oz Power Law. What do you consider probable, and what do you consider improbable?

To summarize, and based on the assumptions stated earlier, this represents an asymmetric bet where the outcome of gaining $15,000 has an estimated probability of around 70%, as a -1 sigma move aligns closely with the strike price. The probability of breaking even is approximately 80%, while there is a 20% chance of losing $5,000 or more. These probabilities* are based solely on the Bitcoin/Gold oz power law. Your own 2025 assessment could either enhance these odds or make the outcome less probable.

*Please note that the outcomes of the power law are not normally distributed but positively skewed. The chances are better than described above. Source

@ 300352ae:8be8c8b3

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@ 800be102:4e47eb69

[3]

[4]

@ 300352ae:8be8c8b3

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@ c8adf82a:7265ee75

My life’s purpose is to save souls

Some think that preaching and convincing people is the way, maybe, but I prefer a more practical way. I want to actually solve real world problems for good and change people’s lives for the better

Most people have some sort of void in their heart nowadays, some big, some small. Some are still fighting to fill it, most gave up and accepted that life is just as whatever the eyes can see

Jesus said walk by faith and not by sight. I want to show people that this is the case but how can I do it when the world is so clouded? Most people believe that anything they think or feel is justified and we have to agree to disagree with each other to avoid conflict. This is madness

I’ve lived in this world for a while and by the grace of God, I can see through everything. Satan made money a requirement to live in this earth. Try asking people what’s one thing they are looking for, you’ll hear two common answers; money or happiness

Happiness people are made clueless, they are people who lost to their thoughts and gave in to their heart. Just ask them what makes them happy, and you will see how blind they are about reality. Their happiness comes from owning materialistic stuff or having experiences they haven’t experience because that’s what the media made them believe

Money people can think just enough that they need money to satisfy their heart, but not enough to realize that money is the root of all their misery. In reality, money is still a big issue in our world right now even after Bitcoin. Satan has successfully shifted the narrative of what Bitcoin actually is

I feel the need to help people with money, so that they have less worries about their finances, so that they can think less about money and more about important things in life; relationships, death and eternal life

The world is currently dark and corrupted, people are kept poor, hopeless and suppressed by the hands of satan. They’re killing our future generations with debt without explaining what debt truly is. They made the world so disillusioned to the point that everyone is talking about Hollywood over the lives of people

I was guilty of waiting for a change, but by the grace of God, tis no more. I will be the light of the world

Tomorrow is a new year, don’t spend another year doing the same thing. Join the fight. Use your blessed mind to tell people that Bitcoin is freedom money. We don't need to verify anymore, everything is clear if we open our eyes. Trust the Word and not the religion. Say no to Karmageddon

We are all Satoshi

We are legion

@ 472f440f:5669301e

I'm sure some of you are already tired of the discussion around the H-1B visa program that was started on Christmas Eve by Vivek Ramaswamy and escalated by Elon Musk and others as the "Silicon Valley MAGA" coalition began putting forth legal immigration policy proposals for the incoming Trump administration. Core to their policy is the expansion of the H-1B visa program so that America can "recruit the best talent in the world" to come build the American economy.

Unfortunately, as it stands today - according to the Silicon Valley cognescenti, Americans are either a.) not smart enough to fulfill the roles necessary to enable the United States to maintain its lead as economic super power of the world or b.) expect too much in compensation for the available roles. At least this is my reading from the commentary I've seen over the last week.

What seems abundantly clear to me is that the framing put forth by "Silicon Valley MAGA" crew is disingenuous and self-serving. It has been clear for awhile now that the H-1B visa program is being systematically abused to bring in cheap labor from other countries to help drive down labor costs for companies across the spectrum. Not just Silicon Valley tech companies. The system has a loophole in it and it is being exploited. Bring people to the US via H-1B visas to complete work for you at lower costs and your company's financials are likely to be better off (assuming the work being done is productive and a value add to the company). Now, this isn't to say that everyone who is in the US via an H-1B visa is here because these companies want to exploit the loophole that gives them the ability to spend less on head count. However, based off the data from the database of the H-1B visa program it is abundantly clear that the system is being taken advantage of. Egregiously and at the expense of American workers, who are most certainly not (all) "subtarded".

Herein lies the crux of the problem; companies are abusing this program to get away from the problem of Americans demanding higher wages to maintain lives of dignity in a country run by a government that is chronically addicted to debt backed by a central bank that will print money ex-nihilo and at will to monetize that debt. Americans are then being scapegoated as either "lazy", "stupid" or "delusional about their worth in the work force". A classic straw man argument that avoids the root issue at hand; the money is broken and the broken money has created perverse incentives throughout the economy while also stripping Americans of the ability to properly save the value of their labor.

We live in a high velocity trash economy that rewards grift and waste while disincentivizing hard work that is meaningful to the quality of life of the Common Man. Everything has been hyper-financialized to the point that one of the only ways to make it ahead is to speculate on the flow of capital into certain asset classes, which is often determined by the whims of central planners. Another is to build or speculate on tech "innovations" that typically materialize in the form of attention zapping apps and widgets that help people temporarily forget they live in a high-velocity trash economy.

The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation and it is because they don't see a way out of the nihilistic rat race created (unknowingly to most) by the money printer.

The ability to print money out of nothing and throw it at everything creates misaligned incentives that result in the inability for the market to properly determine what is genuinely needed by the people instead of those who have learned how to game the broken system and its broken incentives.

One last point, I would be remiss not to acknowledge that many individuals in America aren't intellectually equipped to do some of the cutting edge work that may be necessary to produce the technologies and companies that will push the country forward. The high-velocity trash economy run on money printed out of nothing has completely corrupted the education system. People in the United States are literally dumber than they were five decades ago. That is a fact. But it is not only the fault of the American people themselves, but the corrupt system they have been born into that destroyed the education system with perverse incentives. And the overwhelming majority of the blame is on the system, not the people.

Even with that being said, the idea that we need to adopt a Tiger Mom mentality in the US - a culture of unrelenting devotion to studying STEM to the point that weekend sleepovers for kids are discouraged - is absolutely laughable and objectively un-American. There are plenty of incredibly intelligent, creative and driven young Americans who have contributed and will continue to contribute significantly to the American economy and they didn't need to shackle themselves to their desks to get that way. America isn't a country that was built by automatons. It's a country built by people who said, "Fuck you. Don't tell me what I can and cannot do. Watch this."

Despite the fact that a system has been erected that actively works against the average American system the American spirit lives on in the souls of many across the country. Miraculously. The American spirit is something that cannot simply be imported. It is ingrained in our culture. It is certainly beginning to dwindle as hope for a better future becomes more and more dim for the masses as the system works against them despite all their best efforts to succeed. It is imperative that we stoke the coals of the American spirit while it is still alive in those who are too stubborn to give up.

People need the ability to save their hard work in a money that cannot be debased. Opportunity cost needs to be reintroduced into the market so that things that actually add value and increase the quality of life for the Common Man are where hard money is allocated. And people need to start talking about the root of the problem more seriously instead of striking at branches with disingenuous straw man arguments.

---

Final thought... Ready to go surfing.

@ 182052d2:e48c3d7a

When I was a young game master, I had all the time in the world to dive into rulebooks and all their extensions, devouring them cover to cover. To prepare a game session, I could spend hours, even days, creating monsters, NPCs (non-player characters), and imagining how the story would unfold. I devoted so much time and energy that a cancellation or postponement would hurt me deeply.

Over time, responsibilities and priorities changed: studies, partner, children, work, house, etc. Time became a rare resource and it's impossible to continue creating stories like before. Nowadays, my preparation time for a session ranges between 0 and 4 hours, but most often, I only dedicate an hour. Fortunately, technology has helped me become more efficient in creating stories and preparing game sessions. I use artificial intelligence without hesitation to generate ideas or structure a draft. Being far from the players, we use Roll20 to play online, and when we play Dungeons & Dragons, I use monsters whose tokens have already been created in advance. The players understand that I can no longer be as meticulous as before, and from time to time, an inconsistency or contradiction might slip into the story. To help me, I developed a storytelling technique I personally call "The Pantry Technique."

The Importance of Player Impact

One thing I've noticed about players is their enjoyment when they have an impact on the story. Although very structured scenarios have their advantages, a freer structure can offer something epic if well-prepared. The Pantry Technique applies the 20/80 principle, or Pareto's law, to have many more elements ready to be used spontaneously during a game session. When you prepare a quest for the next session, 20% of the time you spent in preparation contributes to 80% of the fun you'll have during the session. You just need to focus on the essentials and sacrifice what would make a quest worthy of being published by Wizards of the Coast. Achieving a very high-quality level represents 80% of preparation time and only contributes to 20% of the fun with friends.

Concrete Examples

Traditional Method: A group of adventurers is hired by a noble to retrieve a magical item hidden in a forgotten dungeon. The number of traps, difficulties, and locations are predetermined. There is a map with monsters already placed for potential encounters. The game master has determined the magical item's power and the characters' reward. The rival adventurers' group integrated into the quest has been created along with their NPC sheets containing their powers, special abilities, etc. The objectives of the rival group are determined.

Pantry Technique: The game master decides that a mysterious dungeon and a mysterious item exist. Without going into details, he establishes that adventurers can hear about it through rumors, a riddle, a player's contact, or through a noble who wishes to hire them. An AI can create a good riddle and often contacts have already been created during previous sessions. Use as much as possible an element related to a player or an event from a previous session: a player's tendency to highlight his rogue's attention to rumors, a riddle engraved on a portal that was not ultimately used in a previous session, or adapting to let players discover documents and maps in the noble's chest they decided to steal on a whim. Give a few clues that lead in all directions at once and let the players take the direction they want. This can be one of the paths you planned or a completely new path.

Do not hesitate to reuse differently what you have already created. For example, if the player didn't use the riddle, you can reuse it as a ward for the magical item. Also, if the role-play with the rival group lends itself well, feel free to change your mind and integrate an unbeatable monster unless they ally with the famous group. The player will have a lot of fun using his character's incredible persuasion power. The Pantry Technique is about keeping all these role-play elements in mind without going in-depth and using them spontaneously. Combining elements from players' role-play and incorporating a few of them together can be particularly successful because it will feel like a long-planned climax. That said, it's not as easy as it sounds.

Conclusion

Improvisation is not always necessary. Players may be tired and prefer to simply follow the game master's default quest. They may dive headfirst into your basic quest thinking they have disrupted your plans. Just keep the role-play elements in mind for future use. Perhaps the rival group they allied with will save them in extremis in a future quest. Perhaps the magical item is cursed and will be the object of another future quest. Sometimes amusing things happen like a player inventing a phobia of spiders for their character or even a love story with an NPC. When that happens, put it in your pantry for later.

@ 468f729d:5ab4fd5e

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

As I look back on my predictions for Nostr in 2024, it’s clear I had some hits and misses. I believe my first two predictions were spot on, accurately reflecting the trends and developments we witnessed. However, my second two predictions missed the mark, proving to be far less accurate. Maybe I was too bullish?

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzq0mhp4ja8fmy48zuk5p6uy37vtk8tx9dqdwcxm32sy8nsaa8gkeyqyghwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2tcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcqypsm9tk39g20atwqskvjcvhq7rher5nkgwjr05lzspne4gf0uvyxukew5mg

What did I get right? Clients did increasingly prioritize user and content discovery while enabling users to easily select and choose their own algorithms. (DVMs, Trending, What's Hot, Feeds, etc.) This focus provided individuals with more tools, greater control, and unprecedented power over their social streams and attention than ever before. This is still actively happening and will continue to happen throughout 2025 too.

What did I get wrong? We didn't see an Other Stuff application breakthrough as a clear winner that became a mainstream favorite. I anticipated a standout application that would interest users and become a "must-use" within the ecosystem, but this didn’t happen. And we also clearly didn't hit 1M active users either. While adoption did increase, it didn’t reach the critical mass I expected.

But this doesn't mean 2024 fell short of expectations—in fact, quite the opposite. The year brought incredible client innovations (Damus Notedeck, Primal 2.0, TOR only Amethyst, Flotilla, Chachi, Olas, Coracle feeds, etc.) and relay milestones (Web-of-Trust relays, private relays, algorithm based relays, etc.) with the introduction of these innovative features and the launch of these new platforms.

Beyond technology, the Nostr community achieved something truly remarkable: a grassroots movement that united people globally.

From supporting Nostr meetups and events to hosting booths across continents at major conferences, the community came together to raise money to support these initiatives in ways no one predicted. This organic, ground-up effort showcased the strength and passion behind Nostr, creating a foundation that will #grownostr and success for years to come.

Too bullish? Maybe I wasn't bullish enough? As is tradition, I will post my 2025 predictions tomorrow.

@ 8a03ae29:10b1b6ac

What an crazy, busy ride it's been lately! I've been crisscrossing the nation for work and embarking on the thrilling journey of relocating to a brand new living space. A pitstop on the work journey was San Francisco, once a city of love, which now feels like a city of contradictions. It's fascinating how this place, once so intertwined with the financial world, could stumble so spectacularly. I’ll save my deeper reflections for a separate post. Amidst all these observations and experiences, I’m grateful for the opportunity to connect with all of you and engage in meaningful conversations.

Let's spend a few minutes this morning catching up and talking about what it looks like to be "bankless." It's interesting; usually, this would mean talking about the less fortunate individuals who perhaps don't have a bank or access to all the lame, boring financial services we all take for granted. Today, I'd like to share my thoughts on the possibility of a future where, instead, everyone is bankless. Not because they don't have access to financial services, but because they prefer to take custody of their own assets. Tools have been built to enable not just custody but also (damn near) risk-free lending, capital raising, instantaneous settlement of funds around the globe, micro-transactions, etc. With these capabilities given to every individual who has a smartphone, hopefully, you can see how becoming bankless, something that used to cut people out, just might be everyone's way in.

The concept that I refer to at the end of my last article, how our money is still stuck in the age of the telegraph and has been the slowest part of our lives to enter the age of the internet, is a feature, not a bug. The legacy financial system is a centralized tool of wealth extraction and control. The ways this magical wand is wielded on individuals, institutions, and governments all the same are pretty clear. On behalf of individuals, millions of bankless people in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America just lack access to "banking" services because it's not "profitable" enough or even lack the ability to get proper identification, effectively banning their ability to take part in wealth creation. Others like Kanye West or super-rich Russians are cut off from services or have property stolen due to losing political favor. Companies and governments can have assets frozen or even seized for similar reasons or under the guise of violations of our superior morals and are hit with "sanctions." Some might encapsulate this in a word: discriminatory. Something that for sure, without a doubt, does not exist "at the end of history," right? The regulators, who have the audacity to call themselves "Watch Dogs" as if they have any teeth, always allow the robbers to ransack the place before even barking. I guess that's what happens if the burglars break the window with a big juicy steak? If this has happened once or twice, any sane person would suggest ADT.

The legacy financial system is notoriously known to be slow, expensive, ridden with fraud, and frankly dangerous, enriching bad actors and terrorists around the globe. Considering it runs on mainframe technology and requires vast amounts of human input and manual review, it makes sense as to why we all suffer immensely from the flaws inherent in humans: bias. The greatest updates to the most simple form of financial activity have been new cool apps that let you send your friend money, in what seems like seconds, but it really still takes the same old amount of time to settle as any other 'digital' transaction using the legacy financial payment rails. The same censorship applies as well; PayPal is notorious for cutting people off from their funds and inflicting a "guilty until you prove yourself innocent" approach. They automatically enforce this censorship in code for "consumer protectionist measures" while Wells Fargo is fined $1.7B for active money laundering, yet no accounts are ever frozen, and it's always "innocent until and even after settlement." Back to the point, this act of "settling" a transaction is the process where the banks "verify" that a customer has the money in their bank account to pay for dinner. This is what consumes everyone's time. One would think there must be a way to automate this similar to the automation of their customer service (dunk). You ask the legacy system, the only thing that has near-instantaneous settlement, is cash, but good luck getting that to your friend who moved out of state on his birthday. The reason we rely on this flawed crutch is that never before could you prevent or prove ownership of any digital good or object without a slow, centralized actor performing that verification "offline." Today, we have a blockchain for that, and all verification will be done "online," or the industry term, "on-chain."

In the age of the internet, arguably the best way to get your friend that birthday money would be Bitcoin, the first "real-world" application of decentralized finance. Decentralized finance, or DeFi, refers to the decentralized, futuristic, Lego-like building blocks used to construct a new, more inclusive (non-discriminatory) financial system with better financial governance. This system aims to align the incentives of every stakeholder of any type of shared entity. New terms have emerged from the future of the industry: CeFi, DeFi, and DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations - more on these in the weeks to come). CeFi or some would say TradFi describes the centralized, traditional, legacy financial system that everyone has come to know and hate. Some could argue that any traditional bank with branches throughout a region practices "decentralized" finance. The main difference lies in the governance models of how funds and/or organizations are managed. This brings us back to Bitcoin.

Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer digital cash system with near-instantaneous settlement (around 10 minutes). It means that you can send this new coin to your friend anywhere in the world with an internet connection, without the need for any slow, cumbersome offline verification process.

In a previous article, I mentioned that "digital gold... is uniquely suited to perform in that type of environment." Cryptographically-backed currencies like Bitcoin are the "digital gold" designed specifically for the internet environment. Instead of a distributed centralized actor having full control and being the single point of failure, decentralized financial services are governed by open-source code that anyone can contribute to, review, and run, executed by a blockchain. In fact, the majority of the internet's core services are open-source projects. The internet was built in a way that telecommunications had no single point of failure, and there is no centralized actor with full control of the internet. Can anyone describe a more fitting unit of exchange for that type of environment? One feature of the new magic internet money is that it's completely programmable. You can set monetary policies in open-source code (Bitcoin's current and total supply and inflation rate are publicly available, unlike the current and total supply of USD). This way, everyone holding that money has a full understanding of what the future holds and can plan their life accordingly, but that's only if we, as a people, truly value stability.

Do we all get a vote in how the policy is dictated? That's another feature enabled when using the new magic internet money. The only way individuals can vote for change in the current financial system is by converting the local currency into something else. This has been observed in hyperinflationary regimes like Venezuela, where individuals sell their local currency for foreign currencies, including Bitcoin. With magic internet money, governance models can be implemented from a bottom-up approach. For example, MakerDAO is a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) that governs the stablecoin DAI, which aims to stay relatively worth $1 USD. MKR token holders participate in the governance process by voting on proposals that can affect the monetary policy and risk management of the MakerDAO system. The voting power of MKR holders is proportional to the number of tokens they hold. There are other voting methods, such as quadratic voting, that aim to achieve a more equitable distribution of preferences and avoid the dominance of simple majority rule. Imagine that for every dollar you hold, you could actively participate in FOMC meetings with the Federal Reserve and vote for the best policy to achieve the fiscal goals of the nation-state (government by the people, for the people), instead of relying on the decisions of 12 unelected individuals in suits.

Another term that has begun to percolate throughout the industry is 'bankless,' which refers to leaving the traditional financial system and instead opting for your finances to be represented in new magic internet money and managed by applications built to automate the functions of legacy services typically offered by a bank. Perhaps "bankless" doesn't quite fit the characterization of what I just described. Maybe the better term is actually "bankmore." The reasons are as follows: 1) There would be more people involved in the banking process. 2) There would be more services offered to individuals. 3) There would be more money in deposits available for loans. Since code can't discriminate (anyone with internet access can create a public and private key needed to verify their accounts on the blockchain) → more people can participate → resulting in reduced fees + expanded reach of services due to the global nature of the internet → leads to greater amounts of deposits → more money for credit creation/expansion and loans → more people lifted out of poverty.

Now, let's shift our focus to how this virtuous cycle can be implemented and what tools we can pay attention to. Use cases such as lending and borrowing were some of the first services that leveraged smart contracts and the magic internet money from blockchains. This technical paradigm has enabled true peer-to-peer lending without the need for intermediaries such as banks. Some platforms, like Compound, Aave, or MakerDAO (as mentioned above), even offer higher yields on deposits than traditional finance. Decentralized exchanges (DEX) like Uniswap ensure a fair and decentralized trading environment where every participant has equal access to liquidity. This groundbreaking approach eliminates concerns such as front-running, which has caused poor public relations for centralized brokers like Robinhood.

Are there any new capabilities or services that this new technology brings? Of course, there are capabilities such as microtransactions and micropayments. In traditional banking systems, microtransactions are not well-suited due to high fees and infrastructure limitations. However, cryptocurrencies and DeFi enable microtransactions and micropayments with low transaction costs and the ability to transfer fractional amounts of cryptocurrencies. This opens up new use cases, including micro-rewards, pay-per-use services, and decentralized content monetization. It unlocks new business models for creators, further fueling the creator economy. Instead of journalists being forced to give up their talent to entities like the Wall Street Journal for a salary, magic internet money can unleash them to share their content in more places at a lower cost, increasing distribution and providing people with greater access to information and a more diverse set of perspectives.

As you can see, the blockchain technology has brought forth questions that many of us have never considered, assuming that someone else would know better and handle it. To shape the future you desire, you must participate in the present. Engage in discovery, questioning, testing, and finding solutions. The bigger and more humanitarian question I hope everyone reaches is: "What do I want the future to look like, and how can I contribute to making it a reality?"

I hope you are sticking with me and starting to see a glimmer of hope for a better, freer, and more inclusive world that extends beyond the fortunate few who were born with access and opportunities to create wealth.

Are You Feelin’ Moody?

@ f9cf4e94:96abc355

Na era das grandes navegações, piratas ingleses eram autorizados pelo governo para roubar navios.

A única coisa que diferenciava um pirata comum de um corsário é que o último possuía a “Carta do Corso”, que funcionava como um “Alvará para o roubo”, onde o governo Inglês legitimava o roubo de navios por parte dos corsários. É claro, que em troca ele exigia uma parte da espoliação.

Bastante similar com a maneira que a Receita Federal atua, não? Na verdade, o caso é ainda pior, pois o governo fica com toda a riqueza espoliada, e apenas repassa um mísero salário para os corsários modernos, os agentes da receita federal.

Porém eles “justificam” esse roubo ao chamá-lo de imposto, e isso parece acalmar os ânimos de grande parte da população, mas não de nós. Não é por acaso que 'imposto' é o particípio passado do verbo 'impor'. Ou seja, é aquilo que resulta do cumprimento obrigatório -- e não voluntário -- de todos os cidadãos. Se não for 'imposto' ninguém paga. Nem mesmo seus defensores. Isso mostra o quanto as pessoas realmente apreciam os serviços do estado.

Apenas volte um pouco na história: os primeiros pagadores de impostos eram fazendeiros cujos territórios foram invadidos por nômades que pastoreavam seu gado. Esses invasores nômades forçavam os fazendeiros a lhes pagar uma fatia de sua renda em troca de "proteção". O fazendeiro que não concordasse era assassinado.

Os nômades perceberam que era muito mais interessante e confortável apenas cobrar uma taxa de proteção em vez de matar o fazendeiro e assumir suas posses. Cobrando uma taxa, eles obtinham o que necessitavam. Já se matassem os fazendeiros, eles teriam de gerenciar por conta própria toda a produção da fazenda. Daí eles entenderam que, ao não assassinarem todos os fazendeiros que encontrassem pelo caminho, poderiam fazer desta prática um modo de vida.

Assim nasceu o governo.

Não assassinar pessoas foi o primeiro serviço que o governo forneceu. Como temos sorte em ter à nossa disposição esta instituição!

Assim, não deixa de ser curioso que algumas pessoas digam que os impostos são pagos basicamente para impedir que aconteça exatamente aquilo que originou a existência do governo. O governo nasceu da extorsão. Os fazendeiros tinham de pagar um "arrego" para seu governo. Caso contrário, eram assassinados. Quem era a real ameaça? O governo. A máfia faz a mesma coisa.

Mas existe uma forma de se proteger desses corsários modernos. Atualmente, existe uma propriedade privada que NINGUÉM pode tirar de você, ela é sua até mesmo depois da morte. É claro que estamos falando do Bitcoin. Fazendo as configurações certas, é impossível saber que você tem bitcoin. Nem mesmo o governo americano consegue saber.

brasil #bitcoinbrasil #nostrbrasil #grownostr #bitcoin

@ 6538925e:571e55c3

In 2024, listeners sent a total of $127,900 to creators on Fountain

The 2 BTC sent is equivalent to $127,900 based on a daily price conversion but it would be worth nearly 50% more today.

You sent over 40,000 boosts to your favourite shows and artists, with an average boost value of 3,380 sats (around $3.20 at today's price).

To add to that, over 63 million sats were streamed over the course of the year, representing 32% of total value sent.

Here are some of the shows and artists who picked up the top awards in 2024. To read the full article, head to our website.

Read Fountain Rewind 2024

Most Supported Show: Rabbit Hole Recap

Rabbir Hole Recap is a bitcoin news show hosted by Marty Bent and Matt Odell. Over the last three years, RHR has become one of the moved shows among Fountain listeners (affectionately known as ‘freaks’). In 2022 they were #3, in 2023 they were #2, and in 2024 they finally claimed the #1 spot. Congratulations, Marty and ODELL. Your dedication and humility is an inspiration to bitcoiners around the world.

Show with Most Supporters: Mr Obnoxious

Peter McCormack announced earlier this year that What Bitcoin Did, the preeminent podcast he has hosted for as long as we can remember, would come to an end to make way for a new show, Mr Obnoxious. In December, the Real Bedford FC owner announced that Danny Knowles would be the new custodian - much to the relief of the 800 listeners who supported the show this year. Thanks for everything, Pete!

Most Supported Episode: LINUX Unplugged | 545: 3,062 Days Later

LINUX Unplugged is just one of many popular shows about open-source, security and privacy from Jupiter Broadcasting. Editor-in-chief Chris Fisher finishes the year with three shows in Fountain's top 40. How? He and his co-hosts have made boosting a core part the listener experience, with his audience often sending "zip code boosts" (which can get pretty expensive if you live in Alaska).

Most Supported Artist: Ainsley Costello

At just 20 years old, Ainsley has been working toward a career in music for over half her life. Her music is the modern pop soundtrack of the next generation. Ainsley first made "waves" on the internet in August 2023 as the first artist to receive 1 million sats with her hit song “Cherry On Top.” Since then, she has inspired countless artists to follow her path, becoming the face of this exciting new movement.

Artist with Most Supporters: Man Like Kweks

Don Kweka is a producer and rapper from Tanzania. When he's not at his desk working his 9 to 5, he's making beats in his bedroom - and he has been prolific in 2024. Earlier this year he told Forbes he had earned a total of $25.68 from United Masters, the distribution company he uses for traditional DSPs (for which he pays a $60 annual fee). Since first publishing his music on Wavlake, he’s earned 2.3 million sats (over $2,000).

Most Supported Track: Abi Muir | Stockholm

Born in Scotland and now residing in Australia, Abi’s distinctive, goosebump-inducing vocals and heartfelt lyrics define her creative songwriting. Her unique style sees her delivering memorable, catchy pop songs of singer-songwriter prose with a contemporary pop sound. In Stockholm she explores a darker, harder edge to her music that crosses into alt-rock, topped with Muir's piercing, sultry vocals.

### Read Fountain Rewind 2024 in full on our website

To see the full list of award winners, the top 40 shows and artists, plus the top stories from this year, hit the link below.

Read Fountain Rewind 2024

### Share your Rewind for a chance to win Fountain AirPods, limited edition merch and 100,000 sats

Open the app to see your Fountain Rewind (make sure you're using the latest version). Post a screenshot of any screen in your Fountain Rewind on X or Nostr and tag @fountain_app in your post. We will be announcing three lucky winners on Dec 31 - good luck!

@ a38a5cd0:92b1b8f0

I was born and raised in Europe—Switzerland, to be exact—and we’ve always had a special relationship with Europe or the EU. Although Switzerland is in the middle of Europe, it has always been isolated—not politically speaking, but through clever negotiations and an attractive financial marketplace.

But it’s still part of Europe, and whenever we drove to Germany, Austria (where I now live), or Italy, we always felt at home. Everyone was welcoming and accepted that Switzerland is the ‘special kid’ on the continent.

This is one of Europe’s superpowers. It lives off its different cultures. Other than America, I’m sorry to compare it, but it feels like many Americans have never left their own country; we can drive somewhere for three hours and pass two or even three countries.

Citizens speak different languages in each country, but we get along because there is a certain ‘European Vibe’ around. These different cultures and societies enable you to find communities where you feel at home and can be the best version of yourself—at least, that’s what I believe and have experienced.

However, the last 15 years have been challenging. Not only from a business standpoint, we tend to regulate and not innovate, but also from a political standpoint.

The EU and specific countries such as Sweden, Germany, and even Austria are fighting with high immigration, the Euro crisis – casually losing over 65% of its purchasing power this past decade – and ever-increasing debt.

Combine that with a keen interest by the majority of the population in Europe for Communism or Socialism. Please don’t ask me why it’s so popular in Europe. I think it could be an outcome of the world war situations where we never wanted to shift extremely right again. Or maybe the openness of the European spirit invites this thoughtfulness.

These ideologies don’t want the individual to succeed. For the better of all, it has always been at the center of these political movements. Inevitably, this idea leads to more poverty, more centralization, and, in the end, less democracy (the favorite word of any left-leaning politician in Europe) with a dictator at the whelm.

For some weird reason, we don’t want individual Europeans to succeed; instead, we have a collectivism that punishes brilliant ideas and nurtures the ever-increasing state.

So, why are you writing this essay then, Joël? Are you a right winger who’s just here to tell us Communism failed and we should do something else? NO! While my political views can definitely be described as conservative, I’m not associated with the right side of the aisle and would describe myself as a libertarian. However, for the European standard, I might be categorized as ‘right-wing,’ but who isn’t these days?!

But to answer the question, I think we have a secret weapon. Many of these freaks are either ignoring or deliberately downplaying because they’re scared of losing power and trying everything to forbid it.

You might have guessed by the title this secret weapon is Bitcoin!

There are apparent reasons why Bitcoin is the ultimate solution for Europe. These reasons are well known, from its scarcity to its natural state as the best reserve asset and its average value increase of 45% each year for the past decade. From a monetary perspective, these points make perfect sense.

However, there is more to the orange coin, especially from a polarization perspective. In Europe, the left and right are so far apart that it’s laughable. Bitcoin is the only asset or ecosystem enabling people from two corners to reunite and agree on something.

In Europe, in particular, this is something like human rights and privacy for every individual on the continent. It doesn’t matter whether you’re in Switzerland, Germany, or Portugal. Every citizen of these countries is rooting for human rights and the right to protect your most precious secrecies from third parties, aka the ever-increasing security state.

If you take a closer look at most political debates in Europe, both the left and the right agree that citizens should be able to protect their physical or digital properties and how to be more independent. Bitcoin enables you to do all of these things.

Additionally, mining can be an excellent catalyst for all parties to unite if you examine topics such as energy independence. Lefties can choose renewable energy, while right-wingers can embrace a free and healthy energy market. Bitcoin also enables this.

However, the most significant and crucial point is that Bitcoin will enable all nations to be independent again. Many countries lost their sovereignty mainly due to the EU and the Euro.

We no longer talk about each country’s interests; instead, we insert the sentence, ‘Anything that’s good for the EU.’ While the EEA (European Economic Area) was a noble idea that facilitated trade and economic output in Europe, it was abused and became a regulatory superpower with the EU.

You can see the consequences of this from the sheer number of companies who left Europe or international companies who treat Europe as a secondary market with little interest.

If Nations can regain sovereignty again and nurture their economic or sociological advantages, every citizen in these countries will have a new outlook on life.

All it takes for each of them to make the most important step in their Bitcoin journey; being curious enough to learn more about it, spending some time learning the fundamentals, and getting off zero!

One European nation with great potential for this is my home country, Switzerland. We’re the golden European standard for democracy, sovereignty, a strong economy, and a country where everyone can succeed.

After all, fellow Bitcoiners have already taken the initiative to add Bitcoin to the Swiss National Bank (SNB) ’s balance sheet and have already invested in MicroStrategy.

All it takes is the last step, which is to stack Sats as a strategic treasury reserve asset. As a fellow Swiss citizen and someone who works at a Swiss Bitcoin-only company, I would welcome this step and would love to help out!

To quote Walt Disney: ‘The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing.’ So go ahead, Europe, and get started! Block space is limited, and 2140 is edging closer every ten minutes with a new block!

@ bcbb3e40:a494e501

No podemos ignorar la importancia que el Reino Visigodo tiene en la configuración de España, de la impronta definitiva que aportó al proceso de etnogénesis para dar la forma definitiva a esa entidad histórica que hoy, tras tres siglos de invasiones germánicas, desde la caída del Imperio Romano a finales del siglo V d.C., hasta el advenimiento del Islam. A modo de contraste, diremos también, que la identidad nacional española, o si se quiere ver así, el alma hispánica, se forjó en claro y evidente contraste con el ocupante sarraceno, y su presencia en el orbe peninsular, junto al recuerdo de la herencia visigoda y los sucesivos concilios toledanos, sirvieron de estímulo al avance de los reinos cristianos del norte. Es decir, España se construyó en la lucha, en el combate abierto contra un enemigo al que consideraba ocupante y representaba una realidad cultural, étnica y civilizacional totalmente antagónica a la naciente realidad hispánica.

De ahí la importancia del sustrato germánico, godo, que viene a agregarse al ya preexistente de hispano-romanos, celtas e íberos. En las últimas décadas esta importancia se ha visto relegada, de forma deliberada, a un segundo plano, y si nuestros padres y abuelos conocían la famosa lista de reyes godos, en la actualidad, su conocimiento entre gran parte de la población española, y especialmente entre los más jóvenes, es puramente testimonial, cuando no inexistente.

|| |:-| |El mapa muestra la distribución territorial de la península ibérica durante el período del Reino Visigodo (409-711 d.C.). Se destacan los dominios visigodos, con Toledo como capital, y las principales ciudades como Emerita, Hispalis, y Cesaraugusta. También se señala la presencia del dominio bizantino en el sureste (Cartago y Córdoba) y la región ocupada por los suevos en el noroeste (Bracara y Lucus). Las áreas de los astures, cántabros y vascones aparecen al norte como zonas independientes.|

No obstante, no queremos hacer aquí una relación de reyes, ni hablar de las estructuras políticas, económicas o religiosas del reino visigodo, sino que pretendemos centrarnos en una sola figura, la del rey Sisebuto, cuya fama y los elogios que se dedican a su persona nos han sido legados por las fuentes de la época. San Isidoro de Sevilla, una de las grandes personalidades de la época —autor de las famosas Etimologías, un compendio del saber antiguo en lo que se consideró como la primera enciclopedia cristiana— y uno de los grandes maestros del Occidente medieval, nos aporta valiosas informaciones sobre Sisebuto:

«fue brillante en su palabra, docto en sus pensamientos y bastante instruido en conocimientos literarios [...]. Fue notable por sus conocimientos bélicos y célebre por sus victorias».

O también en Historia Gothorum:

«se mostró tan clemente después de su victoria, que pagó un precio para dejar en libertad a muchos que habían sido hechos prisioneros por su ejército y reducidos a esclavitud como botín de guerra».

De hecho existió un vínculo de amistad entre Isidoro de Sevilla y Sisebuto, y el primero dedicó al segundo una primera edición de sus Etimologías, y escribió a instancias del monarca visigodo otras obras como De natura rerum. La fama del rey visigodo traspasó fronteras y encontramos referencias a sus virtudes y cualidades personales a través de la Crónica del Pseudo Fredegario, donde se aplican otros calificativos como «varón sabio, piadosisimo y digno de toda alabanza». De modo que las fuentes ya nos permiten trazar un primer retrato general sobre la figura del protagonista de nuestro escrito, y que podríamos resumir así: monarca sabio, guerrero y sensible. Cualidades estas que pueden parecer difícilmente compatibles, pero que nuestro Sisebuto aunaba conformando una poderosa personalidad.

Rey guerrero

Pero antes que nada deberíamos preguntarnos por los orígenes del rey Sisebuto, quien ocupó el trono del reino visigodo durante 9 años, entre el 612 y el 621. Se destacó por su capacidad para defender tanto en las fronteras interiores como exteriores la autoridad de la monarquía visigoda. Prueba de ello fueron las campañas que acometió contra los astures en el Norte, terminando con las veleidades independentistas de estos pueblos belicosos, aunque hay cierto oscurantismo en cuanto a las fuentes. Y paralelamente, en el Sur, las operaciones militares de Sisebuto estuvieron dirigidas contra la provincia bizantina ubicada en el sureste peninsular desde mediados del siglo anterior. Las sucesivas campañas militares consiguieron mermar los dominios bizantinos en la península, especialmente con la conquista de Málaga en 619. Además conviene destacar el notable desarrollo del ejército naval visigodo, alcanzando elevadas cotas de esplendor nunca registradas con monarcas precedentes. No hay datos totalmente contrastados, pero es posible que, con Sisebuto, surgiera una marina organizada.

Las guerras que se libraron entre visigodos y bizantinos fueron cruentas y sanguinarias, generando gran dolor y consternación entre nuestro monarca, algo que, como indican los propios historiadores y cronistas de la época, era bastante infrecuente. En la citada Crónica de Fredegario se le atribuyen ciertas afirmaciones a tal respecto, en las que lamenta las pérdidas humanas y se expresa con un notable humanitarismo:

«Si se producen guerras —escribía Sisebuto a Cesario—, si la cruenta espada se ensaña por doquier, si los vicios de los hombres hacen que los tiempos presentes sean tiempos belicosos, ¿qué cuentas, pensadlo, habrá que rendir a Dios por tantos crímenes, por tantas calamidades, por tantas funestas heridas?»

«Se mostró tan clemente después de su victoria —dice San Isidoro en Historia de los Godos— que pagó un precio con el fin de dejar en libertad a muchos que habían sido hechos prisioneros por su ejército y reducidos a esclavitud, llegando incluso su tesoro a servir para el rescate de los cautivos.»

Lo fundamental para Sisebuto era la unificación del territorio peninsular bajo el poder godo, pero no solo empleó medios militares, sino que también hizo uso de la diplomacia. Respecto a este tema, se conservan dos cartas de la correspondencia entre Sisebuto y el gobernador provincial e imperial en España, Cesario, en torno a la disputas entre visigodos y bizantinos relacionadas con los prisioneros de guerra. Con ocasión de la captura del obispo Cecilio de Mentesa por parte de los bizantinos, Cesario se apresuró a ponerlo en libertad y escribió al rey Sisebuto para comunicárselo con las siguientes palabras:

«Nuestro beatísimo padre, Cecilio, fue capturado por nuestros hombres, mas en consideración a Dios y vuestro reino y como prueba de buena voluntad, lo liberamos rápidamente y pusimos la mayor diligencia para que fuera devuelto a su santa iglesia y enviado a vuestra presencia».

Sisebuto respondió a Cesario de manera cordial y afectuosa, lo que supuso la toma de contacto a través de una delegación diplomática entre ambas partes, godos y bizantinos, que condujo a un acuerdo. Los bizantinos no serían expulsados definitivamente del territorio peninsular hasta el reinado de Suintila (588-633).

Rey sabio

El monarca visigodo también fue un notable erudito e intelectual, muy destacado en una época de gran esplendor cultural capitaneada por San Isidoro de Sevilla, de quien ya hemos dicho que mantuvo una estrecha relación con Sisebuto. Las famosas Etimologías isidorianas estuvieron consagradas en su primera edición a la figura del rey a través de las siguientes palabras, que le honraban a través de la siguiente dedicatoria:

«Como te he prometido —escribía al rey el obispo hispalense— te envío ahora la obra acerca “Del origen” de ciertas cosas, recopilada con el recuerdo de antiguas lecturas. Por eso, en algunos pasajes aparece anotada de acuerdo con lo que habían escrito nuestros antepasados».

Se puede decir que Sisebuto fue al mismo tiempo un promotor de la actividad literaria, intelectual y científica, y un hombre sabio de su época, con la producción de obras en el ámbito de la ciencia y la literatura, al margen de los asuntos propiamente religiosos, algo que podría resultar chocante en relación a otros reyes bárbaros de aquel entonces. Fruto de esta doble vertiente tenemos el Liber de natura rerum, obra de San Isidoro, dedicada al conocimiento del universo y los fenómenos naturales. Por su parte su contribución a la producción científica de la época fue el Liber rotarum o Carmen de luna, un poema en el que trataba de explicar el fenómeno de los eclipses al margen de motivaciones religiosas, en el terreno puramente físico.

Sus incursiones no se limitaron al mundo puramente científico de los fenómenos físicos, sino que sus intereses también se orientaron hacia la vida y hechos de otros hombres de su tiempo. Tal es así, que vemos como su principal obra, Vida y pasión de San Desiderio, un obispo de Borgoña que padeció de persecuciones y murió años atrás. Esta obra guarda ciertas particularidades por sus motivaciones políticas, orientadas a congraciarse con Clotario II, rey de la Francia merovingia.

Rey religioso (y gibelino)

Sisebuto fue un monarca profundamente religioso y en consonancia con la ortodoxia, lo que hizo que en muchas ocasiones tuviera que intervenir para su fortalecimiento y mantenimiento. De hecho, su propio hijo, Teudila, ingresó en una orden monástica impelido por su progenitor, que alentó su celo religioso. Incluso envió una carta al rey longobardo Adaloaldo, convertido al catolicismo, exhortándolo a que hiciera lo propio con la totalidad del reino, y terminar así con los últimos restos de herejía arriana, que había tenido un relativo éxito entre los pueblos germánicos en su momento. Además trató de ofrecer argumentos lógicos y fundamentados en la exégesis católica, amparándose rigurosamente en las Sagradas Escrituras. Al mismo tiempo, augura prosperidad y buenos designios en un futuro hipotético ante la conversión al catolicismo, favoreciendo la acción benéfica de la providencia divina sobre su pueblo. Todavía debería pasar medio siglo para la conversión de los longobardos, mucho después de la muerte de Sisebuto, acontecida en el 621.

Sisebuto también se preocupó por fortalecer y vigorizar la propia estructura eclesiástica, algo que fue una constante en la España visigoda y se materializó a través de sucesivos Concilios en Toledo. Sisebuto, como nos relata el historiador José Orlandis, lejos de utilizar la Iglesia como un parapeto, como una suerte de protección para reforzar su posición, se mostró más bien con cierta mentalidad «cesaropapista». Actitud a través de la cual Sisebuto tomaba la iniciativa, tanto en el ámbito político y temporal como en aquel religioso-espiritual y atemporal. En cierto sentido podríamos calificar a Sisebuto como un «rey gibelino» por esa simbiosis entre ambas esferas, asumiendo él mismo, personalmente, la función de velar por el buen orden eclesiástico. Un buen ejemplo de ello lo tenemos en las imposiciones a Eusebio, el obispo de Tarragona, influyendo directamente sobre decisiones internas de la institución.

|| |:-:| |MORDINI, Attilio; El católico gibelino; Hipérbola Janus, 2016|

El problema religioso: los judíos

Ya en el primer código legal de visigótico, la Lex Romana Visigothorum promulgado en el año 506, en el que se establecía la condición jurídica de los hispanorromanos, se excluía a los judíos de los cargos públicos, proscribía los matrimonios mixtos entre cristianos y judíos y limitaba sus actividades religiosas. Al margen de las comunidades religiosas cristianas, los judíos seguían sus propias leyes y preceptos religiosos, mantieniendo una barrera respecto a los pobladores autóctonos. Con la conversión de la fe arriana a la católica de Recaredo I, y en consecuencia del propio reino, los monarcas visigodos comenzaron una serie de políticas encaminadas a conseguir la unidad religiosa y política del reino. Su decisión, que fue oficializada en el III Concilio de Toledo, contó con un apoyo mayoritario del clero y la nobleza visigoda. A partir de ese momento comenzó un proceso de integración entre godos e hispanorromanos en virtud del principio religioso.

|| |:-| |Una moneda de oro visigoda acuñada durante el reinado de Sisebuto (612-621 d.C.). En el anverso, aparece el retrato estilizado del rey, rodeado por una inscripción en caracteres latinos. Estas monedas reflejan la influencia romano-bizantina en el arte y economía del Reino Visigodo. (Foto: Wikimedia Commons)|

Esta situación dejó a otros grupos religiosos ante un dilema, que era o la conversión o la expulsión. Sisebuto fue quien más celo puso a tal respecto para lograr la deseada unidad religiosa. A partir de una serie de decretos promulgados al cabo de pocos meses del inicio de su reinado, en el 612, se ordenó la liberación de todos los cristianos en su relación de dependencia respecto a los judíos. Estas medidas incluían la liberación de los esclavos y servidores cristianos en relación a los judíos, la transferencia de éstos a señores cristianos o la obligación de manumitir y quedando así libres. Estas disposiciones eran de obligado cumplimiento bajo la pena de muerte o confiscación de bienes.

Al mismo tiempo, Sisebuto también se propuso impedir el proselitismo religioso judío y estimular su conversión al cristianismo. De hecho, los matrimonios mixtos preexistentes debían adoptar una educación en la fe cristiana para los hijos, en caso de no aceptarlo, el matrimonio se consideraba nulo. Los conversos y judíos también quedaban excluidos de los cargos públicos. También se debía producir una renuncia y abjuración pública de la ley y prácticas judaicas. La mencionada ley tuvo unas consecuencias inmediatas sobre la comunidad judía en el ámbito económico, donde además la existencia de esclavos y colonos en arriendo eran numerosos, además de las prácticas usurarias.

Sisebuto ha quedado para la historia como el gran perseguidor de los judíos, aunque en realidad su propósito era misionero y evangélico, por el celo religioso que ya hemos expuesto, y tampoco fue obra del propio Sisebuto, sino que encontramos los primeros ecos de esta legislación en la última etapa del Imperio Romano. Si hasta el momento la legislación se había aplicado de manera un tanto superficial, con Sisebuto adquiere mayor «radicalidad», aunque tampoco afectasen exclusivamente a la población judía, la cual era numerosa en aquella época. Los propios godos no pudieron casarse con los romanos hasta las reformas legales aplicadas bajo el reinado de Leovigildo.

Respecto a la cuestión de la prohibición de que los judíos poseyeran esclavos cristianos, algo que era muy frecuente, también infringían la ley al circuncidarse, dado que formaba parte del ritual formal de judaización o conversión a la fe judía. El decreto de Sisebuto ofrecía a estos esclavos la opción de obtener la libertad bajo el amparo de la corona, si no eran vendidos a otros amos cristianos. El impacto económico al que aludíamos también afectó notablemente las actividades agropecuarias de la comunidad judía, que perdieron su estatus privilegiado entre los sectores más acomodados de la sociedad. Del mismo modo que la prohibición de desempeñar cargos públicos mermó su preponderancia social.

No obstante, Sisebuto consideraba el asunto en una dimensión puramente religiosa, y el fin último era la integración bajo la unidad del credo católico. La unificación religiosa se convirtió en una prioridad, y su celo religioso no se fundaba en un criterio de fanatismo irracional, sino todo lo contrario. Al monarca godo le importaban, y mucho, las conversiones sinceras, sujetas a un principio reflexivo y racional. De hecho, en ese tiempo había otros segmentos de la población que se movían en el terreno de las creencias paganas, como los propios arrianos, a los que también interesaba encuadrar bajo el mismo principio religioso. En cuanto a los judíos, y la incidencia que se hizo sobre este grupo, se debió a que eran comunidades que representaban un enorme poder en el conjunto del reino, con una notable influencia, especialmente en el sur y el Levante español, regiones que se encontraban en la frontera con los territorios bizantinos peninsulares.

No obstante, y a pesar de que existe una continuidad en la aplicación de estas políticas para contener la influencia de la religión judía en los límites del reino, y vemos como éstas se mantienen hasta el hundimiento final con la conquista árabe del 711, lo cierto es que la práctica de la religión judía se mantuvo a ciertos niveles, como prueba la existencia de tumbas e inscripciones judías registradas a lo largo de esta época. Paradójicamente, en el plano económico y social fueron mucho más efectivas que en el terreno religioso, y de hecho, de haberse aplicado con la radicalidad que se les presume, estas leyes hubieran acabado con la existencia de la población judía en el reino, o bien mediante la conversión o bien mediante la expulsión, pero nada de eso sucedió finalmente.

El reinado de Sisebuto terminó en el 621, tras nueve años de intenso reinado. Se sospecha que murió envenenado por la ingesta excesiva de un medicamento, según el testimonio de otro rey, Suintila. No obstante hay muchos puntos oscuros bajo esta explicación, y la falta de fuentes fiables no nos permite desentrañar los hechos que rodearon su muerte. Le sucedería su hijo Recaredo II, quien también moriría en extrañas circunstancias, nunca desentrañadas, a los pocos meses de su coronación.

Lo fundamental, si tenemos que hacer una idea general de la figura del rey godo, es que representó una etapa peculiar en el desarrollo histórico del Reino toledano, en la medida que mostró una personalidad ilustrada, con notables conocimientos respecto al saber de la época, cultivó la poesía y la literatura, y no por ello descuidó los asuntos de gobierno. Los fundamentos religiosos, tan importantes en lo sucesivo, y a través de los Concilios de Toledo, en la configuración político-religiosa y en la unidad embrionaria de la futura España, fueron una de sus grandes prioridades, y para alcanzar la consolidación del reino no dudo en hacer la guerra, de manera implacable, para ser magnánimo y generoso cuando la situación lo requería. Desde Hipérbola Janus, y quien os escribe, no nos queda sino valorar la figura de este olvidado, y en ocasiones injustamente denostado, rey visigodo.

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Artículo original: Hipérbola Janus, Sisebuto, el rey sabio, guerrero y humanitario (TOR), 30/Dic/2024

@ a1c19849:daacbb52

Introduction

nostr:npub1nj5v9hfxegyuqz4z9vfpgu9lxpgald066wspxadywmhslasuw2gsnyrxzg shared a great thread on X about what the Dutch Noderunners did to push Bitcoin adoption. Since it took him quite some time and he didn’t want to redo it on #nostr I’m happy to share his thread here as well, since it has a lot of cool stuff in it. Here we go:

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Noderunners 2024 Recap

by nostr:npub1nj5v9hfxegyuqz4z9vfpgu9lxpgald066wspxadywmhslasuw2gsnyrxzg

Here it is, the 2024 Noderunners recap! As we are preparing for our annual party on the third day of Christmas I’d like to reflect to all the great stuff we’ve build together to push bitcoin adoption from bottom up. I’m proud we’ve made it this far and we’re just starting! 🔥 We like to come together as often as possible to chat about bitcoin and drink a beer so we started even more meetups. We now do meetups in Roermond, Leiden, Eindhoven, Utrecht, Breda, Friesland, Zaandam. And an occasional party in Arnhem or Den Bosch. Feel free to join us anytime.

On our meetups and in the wild we meet the most awesome bitcoiners. To show them our respect we honor them by knighting them as an Honorary Noderunner. This year nostr:npub1nw5vdz8sj89y3h3tp7dunx8rhsm2qzfpf8ujq9m8mfvjsjth0uwqs9n2gn nostr:npub13ql75nq8rldygpkjke47y893akh5tglqtqzs6cspancaxktthsusvfqcg7 nostr:npub1cn4t4cd78nm900qc2hhqte5aa8c9njm6qkfzw95tszufwcwtcnsq7g3vle and nostr:npub1uaj9phu5lpxpczm3vaayt46m0yv0pduxzy7z6quwd2uggxue7fmqx9665u joined our ranks! 🧡

As you can imagine, we were pleasantly surprised when we saw an honorary Noderunner wearing his pin in the courtroom in the case against fAkEtOsHi! Nice to meet again in Amsterdam nostr:npub1qg8j6gdwpxlntlxlkew7eu283wzx7hmj32esch42hntdpqdgrslqv024kw !

The Bitcoin conference in Amsterdam was full of Noderunners. On and off stage. On stage we had nostr:npub1jqs0u7zhh53e94gyhm4eu458wm6sw7z0kk66jjhhkhh346tcq2ysfgr247 nostr:npub1h0fd5xu8rfhwdkkjr78ssdhm7rdjyf97hhjqr9acwv77ux0uvf8q23kvcg nostr:npub17tyke9lkgxd98ruyeul6wt3pj3s9uxzgp9hxu5tsenjmweue6sqq4y3mgl Tom Lamoen and others.

In the panel there was nostr:npub1art8cs66ffvnqns5zs5qa9fwlctmusj5lj38j94lv0ulw0j54wjqhpm0w5 who asked a cheeky question… 🤓 He wrote the awesome “The Genesis Book” in which he describes the people and technology that led to the birth of bitcoin. Hope to see you 3kd Aaron!

Proof of work is the thing Noderunners value the most. We do the work on and offline. In Amsterdam we had several projects to display! Of course the BitcoinTaps, the bitcoin bitaxe B at the entrance, The nostr:npub1kd3nlw09ufkgmts2kaf0x8m4mq57exn6l8rz50v5ngyr2h3j5cfswdsdth arcade and the video of @npub1f59dz0ru0l8zpsl4cryj5ch2rahwxeex3mr7lpl2ltzxsfwsdwastu6nqk!

Personally I was very exited nostr:npub1qg5a5l3t7pakmm4r4up2e764xecsw62fk3rntevm24fwyczhndtsdrvc4x Edward and Stef of Connect The World Podcast allowed us to bring the Arcade to the afterparty at Braai where we played some tournaments with nostr:npub1jt97tpsul3fp8hvf7zn0vzzysmu9umcrel4hpgflg4vnsytyxwuqt8la9y nostr:npub1j8y6tcdfw3q3f3h794s6un0gyc5742s0k5h5s2yqj0r70cpklqeqjavrvg and many others!

Hopefully we can create a Noderunners lounge or such next year at @npub13e6qu4kdjsyysrfl5an558rawvqg0rx2xuat9ca706spcdqjzhuqq6md43! Connections were made!

This year there was also the first edition of nostr:npub1uv2tr83c5y7k82af6zdzlqs8m0klcmndd8u5vmlg2eyrskld6uzsv4rmr8 organized by nostr:npub14mge80nm5r0zj0gncxvpunlr28jyku95547q0m82ec475x3yy92skvjgm5 and Bitcoin Stad. It was an awesome event with great speakers but the best thing was the Noderunners Lounge in the basement where Hester Bais tapped a beer.. 🍺

There was some trouble in paradise when the GitHub page of nostr:npub1k5f85zx0xdskyayqpfpc0zq6n7vwqjuuxugkayk72fgynp34cs3qfcvqg2 got canceled due to false copyright claims.. He makes the most beautiful, full open source BTClock! He’s a good frend and very productive Noderunner! 🧡

nostr:npub1k5f85zx0xdskyayqpfpc0zq6n7vwqjuuxugkayk72fgynp34cs3qfcvqg2 also did a lot behind the scenes for the Noderunners SOLO Mining Pool! http://pool.noderunners.network

As we are also very enthusiastic about NOSTR nostr:npub1p6xyr6u5vet33r4x724vxmp9uwfllax5zjdgxeujyrtxt90lp74qvah0rm has set up our own nostr relay: wss://relay.noderunners.network

Noderunner nostr:npub1yn84ur49llj7pp9a7uv477f7vrpj0rj7df5pnfncvkusaxgy6jqsj9xgfl set up a mixer where he organizes a weekly coinjoin every sunday for more anonymous bitcoin transactions. https://coinjoin.nl

Our Belgian Noderunner Kim de Vos made the infamous “Big Mac index” where he expresses the price of bitcoin in Big Macs.. He also runs the AVBpodcast (my personal favorite).

We have several members who have their own podcasts. Also a lot of Noderunners appeared in podcasts as a guest. nostr:npub1agyf7kae8nkxqrd7rvvxt6nh9vwpcqzen2mc9dl3u38a04awpjcq09n23f educates bitcoin beginners. Tom Lamoen talks about libertarianism.

nostr:npub1gfxgylgst4lcemkjth6xdvcvq7le8rtlrym7wayml63qrjggngaqkqescl interviews bitcoiners from all over the world.

And nostr:npub1kj2ngxmm0zccswfqplff87rpgvmq9utvk0g726wc0h8pv4kwm8ss6zgm4n laughs at 🤡🌍

After months, even years of hard work nostr:npub1w98ems6ryhpv7zvmhwp5sv65p0pwrnvzw4lucn0ch776qan9ntdstscwpx launched the best bitcoin board game ever!

nostr:npub1w98ems6ryhpv7zvmhwp5sv65p0pwrnvzw4lucn0ch776qan9ntdstscwpx is also involved with the Dutch bitcoin magazine BitcoinFocus which features a lot of Noderunner builds and articles.

Of course I should mention our frens at nostr:npub1ua6fxn9ktc4jncanf79jzvklgjftcdrt5etverwzzg0lgpmg3hsq2gh6v6 where you can pay a few sats to play your favorite songs! http://radio.noderunners.org

LightningPlaces is working hard making entrepreneurs accepting bitcoin and putting them on their website! 🔥💪🏼

nostr:npub1lhufm09wzp42y67t3s8axlewwna8rmetak68w38yal7xjrwktpsscpt08x is also hooking up webshops and physical shops (and bars) to accept bitcoin! Connect them if you’re looking for a custom solution! https://lightningcheckout.eu/nl/

Maybe we should create an open source HW Wallet too but for now we have the man, the myth, the legend nostr:npub17tyke9lkgxd98ruyeul6wt3pj3s9uxzgp9hxu5tsenjmweue6sqq4y3mgl in our midst.. A real honor as we all share the same values and ethics in life but especially in bitcoin! We’ve been building seedsigners from scratch by the dozen!

Most of us are very entrepreneurial. Several bitcoin shops are run by Noderunners.

nostr:npub1qvwdl9rp7a5ghrxv57wnml5ehg2whjh708vys6kaxpkgu0z3aclsuy2h4p - https://bitcoinbrabant.com

nostr:npub1k00lff0ahjv4d2kwuwxy040d2282yjmzj6eeu5ghav054s4yrfzsplyc86 - https://bitsaga.be

nostr:npub1837pplcuwcjn35zwmpuy62ekcfdtvklajn6pueus3am09s27vu6smuj6v9 - https://miningwholesale.eu

A special shoutout to our junior Noderunner Esramsterdam who is organizing a bitcoin event focused on women. Because bitcoin is not only for men. More info: https://vanbanknaarbitcoin.nl

Also a special shoutout to @npub17k8u7c6kfjgtd380890zx0m4adu8vl53m9fvtc7lal4j9gp74xqqkguha4! The only way to get free sats. Drank not enough beer with nostr:npub1pzurm7nx3q08894wl6uautryq95sku5jhzgwjjrskwdafcwxekuq4n7vtu this year.. but we really need to set up a collaborative project!

Ok I’m done. Forgot a lot but this sums it up quite well. Greetings and love to everyone involved with the Noderunners I forgot to mention. I love you all and hope to build a lot more together! 🧡🔥

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nostr:npub1vnlkmja076ft0h2ppme4pvcyfh8zmwl4l7hpfm4du0jagwck04lq8rkr0w

Jan Burgers

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Short Non-Bitcoin

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Joep Laser Sheep - Elden Lord 3x

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nostr:npub1m0yz3tvsa8cwheqhkqj96zr9kget8j8yda0vfmrah5c0dafj6xcq4l4az6

@Erik Dutch

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Noderunners Shop

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nostr:npub1ap78x7mvw0vu9s7yltflmkqphx8rt8hsk9gdg0k42vwnmnpvpe2qptxewe

nostr:npub1n2ph08n4pqz4d3jk6n2p35p2f4ldhc5g5tu7dhftfpueajf4rpxqfjhzmc

@Bitcmonkey

@Roynode

nostr:npub18n56f28efvmsjcl80lv2ngtmkl3y6q2rg0m2zqas3kw4jwkrsvdqxnmver

nostr:npub135q6dvnjah9023xszmjs2wvd4gqhn2trku52wt2lv8cl4hc8ltjsk0w4sq

nostr:npub1837u93v8am8q2rauvkqfk9sf6xfq07p9m4m82jueqh5u4qzkg25qesqrr4

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@HeroVanKampen

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nostr:npub1xw6jekvethghmrlv0chkx5p78h3wk2ep5x588ga854d68cugr40qxuwt5e

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and all others I can’t find here or I forgot.. 🧡🔥💪🏼 LFG, see you soon!

Bonus: This has never aired but @DanielMol was doubtful of our impact to more bitcoin adoption.. I know we are a bit toxic but we have our hearts on the right place and help anyone who is serious about it.. Happy days Daniel! 🧡

@ d920bbbd:5213849e

Background : Family of 4, including 2 children under 10, coming to El Salvador for a 15 days holiday trip. Instead of telling our story to family and friends as we usually do, we’ll instead write a (very, very long) thread about it, so it’ll help organize our thoughts, and have place to discuss them.

It might also help you decide if you’d like to come and spend some time in El Salvador or not.

For clarity’s sake, I'll try to put a tag before each post with it's main theme

[QUICK BACKGROUND 👨‍👩‍👦‍👦] For additional background, we are currently living in what people usually call a First-World country in Europe, where basic human rights like free speech and individual liberty reign supreme... which is a bit odd to say in the light of recent news like mass censorship laws, civil unrest, arrest of @durov...

Our youngest child being finally old enough to travel long distance without causing trouble, we wanted to see something new (first time to central America), and also check if the turnaround since @nayibbukele was elected was real, and all the hype we read often about El Salvador was justified.

So we flew nearly a whole day hours (stops included) to have a look at it for ourselves.

[FIRST IMPRESSIONS] First thing we noticed out of the plane is the security. Not bullshit security like endless queues with body and luggage scanners (which we already went into several time before boarding the planes…), but useful security with armed guards patrolling with sniffer dogs. Reassuring.

Passing customs was also quick and easy, and the officers there were nice and patient despite our poor Spanish. You’ll get mugshotted and fully KYC’ed (what’s your business in El Salvador, where you’ll stay etc…), annoying but usual from customs screening foreigners coming into their country.

The airport was overall very clean, simple to navigate, and looked like any modern airport we’ve been to in Europe. There was also some construction being done around it, so it’s probably getting bigger soon.

Picking-up and dropping back our rental car was very smooth, better than what we are used to when going through the big rental companies, and at a lower cost. Shoutout to @bitdriver about that, whom was recommended to us by a friend. If you go to El Salvador, rent through this man, it’s easy and you support local entrepreneurs.

We left the airport (after having to present an ID to the parking guard, which is a recurring theme, as they even you to left an ID as deposit when you rent a lockbox in amusement park…) and headed to our rental flat located in a condo in El Escalon, a colonia (district) on the outskirts of San Salvador.

There, we were greeted by armed guards (also a recurring theme), who did a full ID/KYC check again about our business here… and then escorted to our flat by one of the guard.

It might be odd for me to point this out, but in Europe, basically only policemen (and not even in all countries), trained and licensed security personnel like bodyguards (very rare) or military are allowed to carry firearms in public.

[SAFETY 👮] So to get this out of the way regarding security : nearly anywhere we went (national parks, amusement parks, restaurants, malls, parking lots…) you’ll be greeted with armed guards wearing mostly revolvers and coach guns. The Salvadoran Police (PNC - Policía Nacional Civil) is also very present, especially in very touristic areas like the historical center of San Salvador or national parks. This dissipated right away any doubt we might have regarding our security in the country. Not once during our whole trip we felt insecure or even bothered about that, and we just forgot about it.

[MOVING AROUND/ROADS 🚗🛣️] During our 15 days, we travelled around 1.3k kilometers around the country, exclusively with our rental car. As I’ll mention several time in the thread, I’ll use Western Europe for reference, so all I say might seem funny for Southern, Middle and North Americans…

Driving in El Salvador is very different than in the EU. While most road rules are the same (then even measure speed and distance with Kilometers/hour, not Miles/hour…) people usually pick a lane and stick to it. You can pass cars left or right equally, people don’t care, while in the EU it’s illegal to pass someone to the right (unless in the UK, obviously…) and people will road rage at you if you do that.

Also, the road signs are much rarer, and you better use Waze or Google Maps to navigate (Apple Plans can’t even give you walking directions in El Salvador…).

The road from the Airport to San Salvador was very nice, smooth, and well lit with the Salvadoran flag colors (Blue/White/Blue) lit all along the way. Looks very cool and gives a welcoming feeling to foreigner (and I can imagine a prideful feeling for locals)… all that with just some leds.

It’s a bit different once you reach the city, were you’ll be greeted with your first Túmulo (basically very steep speed bumps located at the cities’ entrance and some residential/school areas) that you better not ignore if you value your car.

The roads were very smooth and well painted, but I was sometimes met with the biggest pot holes I’ve seen in my life. It’s a pity because 80% of the Salvadoran roads we travelled were in very good condition, about similar to what we have in the EU, but 20% is either unfinished (no asphalt) or poorly maintained (potholes of various size).

The Carretera Panamericana (Central American Highway, crossing El Salvador) is speed limited to 90 km/h is was nearly perfectly maintened. I think this situation (Speed Túmulos at the city entrances + some harsh roads) is what is leading Salvadorans to use mainly SUV’s/Pickups as their car of choice.

From what we've seen on the road, Salvadorans drive mostly Japanese and Korean SUVs and pickups (think like Nissan Rogue SUVs, called Nissan X-trails in the EU, or Mitsubishis L200/Toyota Hylux style pickups), and have a lot of tallers (garages) everywhere. We saw 40 year old cars that would have been sent to the scrap heaps 30 years ago in the EU still going here, and where a car with 100k km on the odometer is considered old and borderline scrap heap-able in the EU, here they are still looking good and working good. For reference, our rental had 200k KM on the odometer, and everything worked perfectly fine.

Weirdly enough, it seems pedestrians have no right of way in El Salvador. Even though there are plenty of crosswalks, even on the highway, we learned pretty fast that the custom here is to not stop to let pedestrians cross, and we saw several time people chilling on the median, waiting for the traffic to abate before crossing to the other side of the road. Total opposite of were we live, where any pedestrian waiting at a crosswalk (without traffic lights) has the right of way.

Lastly, while I mentioned before the official distance and speed unit is based on the kilometer, the gas is always priced in $/gallon (1 liter of super premium is about $1.11, while in the EU it’s usually between €1.80 to €2.20), but the drinks/food are sometime sold in oz/lbs, and sometimes in liter/gram. Odd but manageable.

[TRAFFIC/PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 🚌🚥] As with all big cities we’ve been to, traffic is really bad in and around San Salvador. Better be patient and do not get lost because it could add tons of time to your trips due to traffic.

We didn’t use buses because we had our car, but there are plenty of Salvadoran public buses going from anywhere to everywhere, for apparently not even $1 per ride. 80% of the buses we’ve seen are literally old repurposed American school buses, that are painted and tuned by locals. You can see buses with flashing leds, custom rims, custom spring where the front axle is lifted twice as high as the back one, shark-tails spoilers, and graffiti-style city names. They basically pick you up and drop you anywhere you like.

It’s a bit of the same with trucking : a lot of “old” big rigs from the US are used here to transport freight and construction material. I’ve also seen some of the best customised trucks with led designs, custom rims and paint here. Same goes for car tuning : a lot of Salvadoran apparently like to customise their car, even with stuff that should be illegal in the EU (flashing, coloued headlights, big exhaust, custom rims with protruding spikes…) We didn’t see many luxury cars, besides a few US luxury pickups and huge SUVs. Nearly 0 German cars, overall way less than 1% of the cars we crossed on the road. A handful of BMWs, 3 Porsches, 2 Mercedes. And 0 Tesla, nor EVs in general, except maybe an electric DHL Van and a hybrid or two cars (and we’re not even sure about these being fully electrical or even hybrid). It’s a big contrast since EVs (especially Teslas) are now everywhere in the big European cities. We didn’t see any EV charging point anywhere, too. As we mentioned before, keeping older car road worthy is big here, and with gas at around $1 per liter, I can understand why there’s zero EV in El Salvador (yet).

We also saw plenty of locals using small trucks as buses (where 15+ people are standing up next to each other on an open-ended truck), big dump-trucks where 5+ people were chilling on the dirt, and kids and teens sitting in the back of pickup trucks… Again, this might seem normal here, and I’m not judging if it’s good or bad (people are free to travel however they like as long as they do not endanger other road users if you ask me), but coming from Europe, you’d get arrested and fined within 10 minutes of travelling like this.

I’ve also come across old railways track, and the only time I heard about trains in El Salvador was from a tour guide than explained to us that people tried to flee from a small village near San Salvador by train during the last San Salvador Volcano Eruption in 1917… but the train tracks were cut off by a lava trail. So I’ve looked it up and indeed there are no more railways operating in El Salvador since 2002 (due to no rentability and damage from the civil war, and reset plans were unsuccessful so far). Apparently there are new big plans to rebuild a new railway called the Pacific Train. If successful, that would be a very good development to alleviate traffic and allow people to travel the country more quickly, but we’ll have to wait and see how it goes.

[SAN SALVADOR HISTORICAL CENTER ⛪️] We visited the historical center of San Salvador, where ultra modern edifices like the BINAES (Biblioteca Nacional de El Salvador) are standing across older gems like the Palacio Nacional (built in the late 1800’s, destroyed by fire, rebuild in the early 1900’s (you can have a look at the older foundations during your tour)) which is still hosting speeches from @nayib according to our tour guide and the Catedral Metropolitana de San Salvador, a beautiful cathedral facing the BINAES.

Speaking of the BINAES, it is a library open 24/7 which is as much an amusement park for babies, kids, teens and adults (think playgrounds, video games, themed areas about Star Wars, Harry Potter and LOTR) than a library for readers and learners (plenty of brand new books and reading areas). I wish we had something like this at home because you have to spend some time there to see how cool it is, whatever your age and your book taste are.

Next to these very touristic areas, you also have local markets and shops, where you can get a haircut for $2.5, and buy anything (food, clothes, and all kind of stuff) for a few dollars or even cents.

The contrast is very strong between the local areas and the tourist areas ; you can see very clean and modern streets, parks, fountains, on par or better than what you’ll see in Europe, and one block away you are back 30 years in the past, with people having stands on the street flea-market style, street vendors waving at you to sell you stuff (can’t hide you’re a tourist here), and overall a very organized-chaos feeling there. Even in these areas, we were never bothered by Salvadorans.

[RURAL CITIES 🏘️] We went to visit a few typical Salvadoran cities in the back country, notably a few on the route of flowers (even though there are no flowers here during the winter) : Nahuizalco, Apaneca, Concepción de Atacó… They have in common to have usually busy marketplaces around the city center, nice parks to chill for a bit with kids playground, often some very nice hand-painted murals, and always some churches/cathedrals that are very well tended to. The life of these cities look to be organised around the town center, as there are plenty of vendors, shops and place to eat in this area. We also went to visit Suchitoto, where you can spend the day as there are many things to do, places and museums to visit. One of the most intriguing part of this city was that it was full of little car looking like golf carts. After doing a bit of research, apparently these are Indian-made and called Bajaj Cute. The city's roads and roads to the lake were even arranged with narrow bands of concrete as large as these cars' size to help them navigate the cobblestone roads and steep roads in the area.

And of course, there are also plenty of natural wonders around these cities to discover.

[VOLCANOES/RUINS/BEACHES/PARKS 🌋🏖️🏞️] We also visited as many of the natural and archeological wonders as we could, such as the San Salvador volcano, with its stunning views over San Salvador city and the craters… yes, there is a crater (El Boqueroncito) inside a crater ! (El Boquerón). We also spotted the Torogoz here, which is the official animal of El Salvador and which has a very cool backstory told by our guide.

We also saw very well preserved Mayan Ruins (El Tazumal), and stunning beaches (El Zonte, aka Bitcoin Beach, awesome surf spot, where we met mostly foreigners) and San Diego Beach, which looked like and endless tropical sand beach where we met about as many people enjoying the beach than lifeguards (actually one “official“ life guard, and a local guy patrolling the beach on a donkey, both warned us about the tide and currents, which as very appreciable especially with young kids). Looks aside, the big difference with Europe regarding beaches is the fact that houses and ranchs are built very close to the shoreline basically everywhere we went. It might be nice if you live there, or are willing to rent a ranch for the day where you can enjoy a swimming-pool, hammocks, and fresh drink and food along with having the beach a few meters away, but we thought it took away from the natural charm of these areas. There were dozen of other recommended beaches we didn’t went to, so it might be different elsewhere.

Everywhere we went to visit or have a tour, we were met by local licensed guides that offered to walk us around the places while telling us the sorties and anecdotes about them. Most of the guides could speak English, all of them were ultra nice and patient with our kids and our broken Spanish, and it’s free. But if you have manners, you leave them a nice tip after the tour. This was a very appreciable. The only paid visits were for historical monuments, but there you always have a guide with you, usually English speaking (that you can also tip since they are very nice and knowledgeable about their heritage) This and the previous paragraph are amongst the shortest we'll write about, not for their importance since the views are stunning and the places to visit are beautiful, but because speaking about these experiences don’t do them justice, and are best lived and seen rather than read and looked at.

[KIDS ACTIVITIES 👦👧🛝] Now my kids have been bothering me for a while about mentioning amusement parks.

As mentioned above, even though we visited a volcano and an old Mayan temple, there were several more volcanoes on our list (Santa Ana, Izalco…) and ruins (Joya de Ceren, Cihualtan…) than we could have visited… but kids have a very short patience gauge that you have to regularly refill with trips to local parks. We visited about 10 of them, and I’d say 2/3 were very well tended, with playgrounds areas for kids, and 1/3 were not as well tended as the rest, with muds and puddles … still praticable but not ideal if you want to keep your car clean.

But what our kids liked the most was their trip to a water park called Termos Del Rio, where we spent the day watching them playing with water games and slides. We ate there, and the food was very good for a fraction for half the price of what we paid in Europe. Our only regret is that our oldest child wasn’t tall enough to do the “big” slides, and that only half of them were open for us. Compared to Europe, I’d say it’s about 75% cheaper for entry + food, people there are way more polite and disciplined (keeping in mind it’s an amusement park, so rowdy teenager are expected and tolerated, but people were never agressive or impolite as you can see in some amusement parks in Europe).

We also went to a few other amusement parks, and they were nice and well maintained, with generally a lower price than what is charged in the EU for equivalent activities (but still a bit pricey compared to the rest of the activities we did in El Salvador).

[SHOPPING / GROCERIES🛍️🛒] We also visited the MultiPlaza mall in Santa Tecla. It’s a very modern mall, again on par on better than what is done in Europe. You have plenty of shopping options for everyone and in all price range, except the very high end luxury (think french luxury brands) that we did not see but that are usually present in such malls in Europe. They might be someplace else in El Salvador, but we didn’t cross any during our trip.

Again, you can eat and drink very well for half, even a third of the price of what you’d pay for similar quality in Europe, but more on food later because it’s far from perfect. Non-food items and activity are about the same price than in the EU.

We had the surprise to come across a Chuck E Cheese, which do not exist in the EU (it’s like a huge arcade area where you buy credits or time, and play games for fun and for points, which you can redeem for small prizes)… so of course we had to bring our kids there.

It was a close second to Termos del Rio for them, probably because we spent less time in there while we spend a full day at the water park, because spending time playing in Chuck E Cheese is much pricier than local amusement parks…

For our groceries, we mostly bought them in 2 big chunks (one for each week) from the local supermarket that was closest to us, (SuperSelectos). You can buy anything that you can usually buy in any EU supermarket, with the standard travel quirks of local products being cheap and available, and imports (especially from outside America) being scarce and expensive.

[FOOD 🍔🥤🚫 / 🥩🥛✅] Which bring us to our first issue (not a deal breaker, but could become major if not checked) drawback regarding El Salvador : Fast-food chains prominence.

You can feel the US influence regarding food in El Salvador in General, and in San Salvador particularly : there are huge advertisement billboards everywhere, and I’d say half of them are about fast-food chains. (such huge billboards and dense billboards are not common in Europe)

There are fast-food chains everywhere, A LOT of them. It’s very different than Europe because while fast-food chains are also present in the EU, the ads are much less visible and they are competing with a lot more traditional restaurants.

But in San Salvador and other big cities, your default option when eating out is going to a fast-food. This is clearly not good because eating that food regularly is very bad for your health, which is visible on the population. We saw a lot of overweight people, including kids (not US Overweight, aka obese), but our rough estimate was that 40% of the people we came across were visibly overweight.

This is not aided by the drinks selection, were sodas are pushed into your throat at every corner, and sparkling water is not very easy to find, usually "hidden" in the Soda section in supermarkets… The mineral water and Sparkling water is usually 1/4 of the size of what it is in the EU, where you have big aisle usually dedicated to that. The south American drinks (agua de Jamaica, horchata…) while sugary, are nice refresher and taste very good when homemade with little sugar.

It’s a real shame because the Salvadoran food tastes awesome and is way healthier than fast-food. Everywhere we went to eat, we were able to order very healthy and perfectly cooked foods (mostly parilladas composed meat, seafood and vegetables) in any of the local restaurants.

We also obviously ate Pupusas, the local salvadoran dish, and they are indeed very good and cheap, and still a vastly superior option over fast-food.

This food selection is not an El Salvador only problem (most “first world countries” suffer from it, too), but I think @nayibbukele should look into this issue because if left unchecked, it’s only get worse the more affluent El Salvador will become (like in the US), and this is a real plague on a country population's general well being. Not my place to tell him or Salvadoran what to do, but with such great local options, it's a shame this kind of healthy food isn't promoted more heavily over imported poison.

[BEERS/COFFEE 🍻☕️] I tried local beers brewed in El Salvador like the Pilsener and the Regia, both blonde beers with the Regia being a bit stronger and the Pilsener a bit softer, which I liked more.

I’m a Guinness Guy, and you won’t mistake these beers for the well known European beers, but they were a completely acceptable replacement for a holiday refresher, especially in this weather, and you could easily develop a taste for it.

We bought and tried Salvadoran coffee, both from the local markets and the supermarket. The Salvadoran coffee is very good, and produced locally. We planned to visit a local coffee factory, but we didn’t have the time, so that’ll be for another time. We brought back a few packs for our families and friends, along with other souvenirs.

While I said the Salvadoran coffee was very good, the main "issue" we encountered is that unlike Europe, where the standard coffee is the Espresso (short coffee, usually sort of strong), most places we went to usually served only American-style coffee (rather long and filled with water). Sometimes we could barter with the waiters and get a “sort-of espresso”, but sometimes we had to drink American-style coffee because their machines somehow couldn't manage to make espressos...

[WEATHER 🌤️] We were warned about intense rain and bad weather, since this time of the year is considered “Winter” in El Salvador.

We basically never had rain during the day. It was often lightly overcast, and we got a couple of showers maybe thrice. While we bought waterproof ponchos before leaving, they never left our backpack. It usually rained late in the day (from 7 pm and at night), but since we never were out too late, this wasn’t a problem at all.

Also, the sewer system seems to work perfectly fine, since everywhere we went, there was no smell, not we never met any overflowing sewage pipes.

We also were warned about mosquitoes, because there was (maybe still is) a Dengue surge in the country. We didn’t see many mosquitoes, except in the less well maintained parks, and since we used repellant sprays, we had no bites during our stay. It’s probably a bigger issue outside the cities though, as they were ads warning about that in the streets.

But overall, what is “Winter” here is a much nicer climate than any kind of summer in Northern Europe, and on par with the Southern Europe summers, with just more nightly rains.

[CLEANLINESS 🗑️] I won’t beat around the bush : with fixing the fast-food diet, I think this will have to be one of the biggest issue to tackle in the future for El Salvador. As beautiful as all the places we visited could be, there was trash and rubbish basically everywhere along the way : on the roads, on the side of the roads, on the highway, in the lakes and rivers, in the cities and outside.

I wish it was an exaggeration but this is really everywhere except the very modern areas inside San Salvador and Santa Tecla (a very rich looking region/suburb next to San Salvador). Like the chicken and egg paradox, the surroundings here are so littered with trash that I can for some extent understand why people throw rubbish away anywhere : “What? There’s already tons of trash on the floor, another bottle or another paper thrown in there won’t change anything.”

Again, it’s not my place to give advice to anybody on how to fix their issues, but I firmly believe there will need to be a huge cleanup of the country needed (psychology tells you it’s much harder for people to throw the 1st piece of trash on the floor than the 100000th), along with some form of general education first + punishment second if the general behavior doesn’t improve. Also, things like open-air bins like I saw in some parts of San Salvador don’t help ; western-style closed trash bins are much better for general hygiene, and much less subject to elements scattering your trash around.

On the bright-side, unlike some famous city which recently hosted the Olympic Games, I didn’t see any rodent milling around anywhere. Doesn’t mean there are none, just that I didn’t see any. Also, no smell and the sewers system seem to work very well as we mentioned previously.

[No pictures of trash for obvious reasons.]

[NATURE/CITIES 🌴🏡] El Salvador is a very lush and green country. There are trees and plants everywhere, even in the city Centers with plenty of parks and median planted with trees. With the country growing (and urbanizing) at the speed it currently is, I really hope El Salvador will stay green and embracing nature, as it helps a lot with dissipating heat in the cities, and finding nice, quiet and natural places to take mindful breaks during the day.

Their rural cities are also built very flat, where living is usually done in small neighboring houses rather than tall buildings, which is a welcome sight coming from Europe.

San Salvador is built a bit more like a “modern” cities, with taller buildings, but from what on of our guide told us, there are no skyscrapers due to the potential volcano eruptions and seismic activity (bigger tower is apparently around 30 floors max). There is basically one earthquake every other day in, or around San Salvador, but we only felt one of them as most happened either too far from were we stayed or too weak to be felt.

There were Japan-style "evacuation meeting points" outside of several places we went to. And if anything is to be learnt from Japan, living in a very seismic area in nothing that can’t be fixed by good engineering.

[LOS SALVADOREÑOS] The biggest of the many highlights of our trip was meeting the Salvadoran people, called Los Salvadoreños. I would describe Salvadorans as humble, polite, friendly, warm, patient and helpful people. Anywhere we went, not once were we greeted by annoyed/bored people while we spoke broken Spanish and had two young kids with us. Whether or not it was for a commercial transaction, we were treated equally nicely by any of the people we met there. If you travel a lot in the EU and do not stick to high-end places (and weirdly enough, low-end places), you’ll discover that being nice and helpful isn’t always the norm here.

All guides were very cultivated and proud about their Salvadoran heritage, and all workers professional and efficient. As mentioned before, even when wandering in the very local areas of San Salvador, where you barely see any tourists (if at all), we were never bothered or felt threatened. I understand this changed a lot since @nayibbukele put gangs in jail, but this is still a very welcome feeling, because you cannot say the same of some districts inside cities we call “civilized” in Europe. The only thing is that next time we’ll come back, we’ll have learnt a lot more Spanish, which is a must here since I’d say maybe 20% of the people we met could speak English.

It’s also worth nothing that during our trip, I’ve spoken with 3 Salvadorans whom have left the country for the USA (2) and Canada (1), all between 20 and 30 years ago. Two of them were coming back in El Salvador for the first time since a while. One person was coming back with his 4 teenage children, and it was the children’s first time in El Salvador. All of 3 of these Salvadoran told me the same thing : they didn’t recognize the country they remembered when they left, as it had drastically changed for the better.

[WHERE IS EL SALVADOR AND WHERE IT MIGHT HEADED 🇸🇻✨] Take it with a pinch or a handful of salt, since this is written by a tourist whom stayed a grand total of 15 days in the country, but what I feel regarding “El Salvador the country” is that this is a country which elected a visionary leader, whom is trying to propel his El Salvador at a level of quality of life on par, and maybe better than what is done in what we “First-Worlders” call a “developed country”.

This shows by his very strict policies regarding violence, which are often denounced in first-world countries, but these policies brought his country from one known as one of the most violent in the world, that from Europe we only heard horror stories about, from the one in which we felt the safest we’ve ever been.

This shows in the speed at which the country is building at : I’ve spoken about bad traffic before, but I also need to mention I’ve seen a lot of workers and heavy duty equipment working to enlarge the roads going in and out of San Salvador. And when I say “a lot”, I mean that I’ve seen more workers doing actual work on the roads in a single one-hour road trip than what I usually see in Europe over the course of a full month.

This also shows by the contrast between the standard of living in San Salvador, where in some areas you can have towering condos with 24/7 armed security, 24/7 concierge, aircons, big elevators, backup electricity generators, and all the modern appliances and amenities you can usually find in the “First-World”, and just one block away you’ll find typical one-floor, Salvadoran houses with no aircons, barred windows with barbed-wire of the roofs.

Lastly, I’ve felt being in a country heading to somewhere better, with its people working hard to create a better tomorrow by improving their country.

From what I’ve seen, if they are able to bring all their people up together (not just the city dwellers/white collar class), and manage to avoid the usual traps of fast growing economies (things get so good so fast that officials start to get corrupt by rich investors/companies, and put their personal interests over the people's…) my bet is that in 20 years maximum they should reach a standard of quality of life on par, or even better than what exists in the most developed EU countries.

We’ll surely come back before that time to see how it goes, and discover more of this intriguing country, so we might give you an update or two along the way.

[CLOSING REMARKS 📙] : As mentioned in the intro, we're just a random family of 4 who've just been travelling 15 days to El Salvador in August 2024, and are sharing our thoughts about the trip, citizen journalism style, and so we don’t have to repeat ourselves too much to family and friends. If any Salvadoreños are reading this and want to add context/correct stuff I didn’t understand or got wrong, all comments and critic are welcome ! If this thread was helpful to you, and want more info regarding anything mentioned here, good and bad, feel free to ask in the replies and we’ll try to answer to the best of our abilities.

(I do not know if this might be worth mentioning, but better be safe than sorry : we did not receive nor ask for any money, favors or gifts from whoever was mentioned (or not) in the thread. All our expenses were 100% covered by ourselves. We remain purposely vague about ourselves because we value our privacy, but we would be called a standard family living in the EU by anyone knowing us.)

TL:DR : Ask your favorite AI assistant to sum it up for you.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• The Influence of Global Oil Prices

• Bitcoin's Roller Coaster Ride

• Anticipation Surrounding the 2024 Halving Event

• The Broader Crypto Landscape

• Conclusions

• FAQ

In the ever-evolving world of cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin stands as a beacon, often dictating the mood of the entire crypto market. Its price fluctuations are closely watched by investors, analysts, and enthusiasts alike. Max Keiser, a prominent figure in the crypto space, recently shed light on some intriguing factors that might be influencing Bitcoin's current price trajectory. This article delves into Keiser's insights, exploring the broader implications of global events on Bitcoin's market performance.

The Influence of Global Oil Prices

Max Keiser, a renowned Bitcoin advocate and former trader, recently drew attention to the interplay between global oil prices and Bitcoin's market performance. Responding to a post by German economics expert, Holger Zschaepitz, Keiser highlighted the significance of Brent oil reaching $90 per barrel for the first time since the previous November. According to Keiser, the surge in oil prices, driven by Saudi Arabia's decision to extend its reduction in oil production for another three months, has had ripple effects in the financial world. One of these effects is the shift of investor interest towards higher interest deposit USD accounts. This diversion of investments is creating what Keiser terms as "a small headwind for Bitcoin," implying that as traditional markets like oil show promise, some investors might be reconsidering their cryptocurrency positions.

Bitcoin's Roller Coaster Ride

The cryptocurrency market, known for its volatility, witnessed Bitcoin's price undergoing significant fluctuations recently. A notable event that gave Bitcoin a temporary boost was Grayscale's triumph over the SEC in a legal battle concerning the conversion of its Bitcoin Trust into a spot ETF. This victory led to a rapid 7.88% spike in Bitcoin's price within a mere hour, pushing it from the $26,000 bracket to briefly touch the $28,000 threshold. However, this euphoria was short-lived. Over the subsequent week, the cryptocurrency saw its gains erode, settling in the $25,400 range. At the time the reference article was penned, Bitcoin was hovering around $25,688.

Anticipation Surrounding the 2024 Halving Event

The Bitcoin community is abuzz with anticipation for the next scheduled Bitcoin halving, projected to take place in April-May 2024. This event will see the rewards for Bitcoin miners being slashed by half, resulting in a decreased supply of Bitcoin entering the market. Historically, such halvings have acted as catalysts, propelling Bitcoin's price upwards. A case in point is the aftermath of the 2020 halving, post which Bitcoin soared to an all-time high of $69,000 in October 2021. However, some financial analysts argue that this surge was less about the halving and more a consequence of the extensive monetary measures adopted by institutions like the US Federal Reserve. These measures, taken in response to the pandemic and the ensuing lockdowns, flooded the market with cash, potentially driving up Bitcoin's price.

The Broader Crypto Landscape

While Bitcoin remains the most dominant and influential cryptocurrency, it's essential to consider its position within the broader crypto ecosystem. Other cryptocurrencies, often referred to as 'altcoins', also play a role in shaping investor sentiment and market dynamics. Factors such as technological advancements, regulatory changes, and global economic shifts not only impact Bitcoin but the entire crypto market. As investors diversify their portfolios and explore newer blockchain projects, Bitcoin's role as the market leader is continually tested. Yet, its pioneering status and proven resilience make it a focal point of discussions and analyses in the crypto world.

Conclusion

Bitcoin, the flagship cryptocurrency, has always been subject to a myriad of market forces and global events. While its inherent potential remains undeniable, the current market landscape, shaped by factors ranging from oil prices to global economic policies, presents challenges. Yet, with events like the 2024 halving on the horizon, there's an air of optimism among Bitcoin enthusiasts and investors about the future trajectory of this digital asset.

FAQ

Who is Max Keiser? Max Keiser is a prominent Bitcoin advocate, former trader, and well-known crypto podcaster.

What did Keiser say about Bitcoin's price? Keiser pointed out that rising global oil prices and the allure of higher interest deposit USD accounts are creating a "small headwind" for Bitcoin.

How did Grayscale's legal victory affect Bitcoin? Grayscale's win over the SEC led to a 7.88% spike in Bitcoin's price within an hour.

When is the next Bitcoin halving expected? The next Bitcoin halving is projected to occur around April-May 2024.

Did the 2020 Bitcoin halving influence its price? Yes, post the 2020 halving, Bitcoin reached an all-time high of $69,000 in October 2021.

That's all for today

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DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ cf7ed325:050194cf

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For a tranquil escape, Enjoy Your Vacation in Rosetta With Alexandria Day Tour. Discover the charming town of Rosetta (Rashid), where the Rosetta Stone was found, and explore its historical houses and scenic Nile views.

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@ 6cc4225f:942b7222

(Cover image photo credit: The Crypto Times)

“Our world of widows needs to be saved / it’s now or never — victim or victory, rebel or regret / who you are and who you claim to be / no more heroes.” -Converge, “No Heroes”

Usually, bad takes from big figures in the Bitcoin space roll off my back. I often don’t feel a need to counter them because 1.) Everyone is entitled to their opinion and 2.) I don’t enjoy spending my time arguing with people on the Internet.

But when a take is really bad — downright evil — I feel compelled to respond.

And respond I did to a bad take this week (link in just a second, first some context).

Lately in the media, MicroStrategy Chair Michael Saylor has been laying out his vision for a digital asset framework.

This framework includes conceptualizing Bitcoin as a commodity — nothing more than capital — and stablecoins like Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC) as “digital currencies” (his words).

As if someone who considers themselves a “triple bitcoin maxi” (maybe one of the lamest terms ever) denying that bitcoin is a currency weren’t nauseating enough, his “evil genius plan” (his words) to get the world hooked on USD stablecoins as money while the US hoards bitcoin should have you upchuck everything in your guts if you truly believe in Bitcoin’s value proposition.

Below (a few lines down) is the piece I wrote countering Saylor’s perspective.

If there are two things I hope you take away from it, the first is to KILL YOUR IDOLS (not literally, of course) and the second is that WE ARE BITCOIN, and if we believe in the technology — all dimensions of it — we have to defend it.

Enjoy.

Michael Saylor Doesn't Understand Bitcoin

## Support The Open Dialogue Foundation

Speaking of defending Bitcoin, we all owe a debt of gratitude to the work that the Open Dialogue Foundation (ODF) is doing to defend our legal right to use non-custodial bitcoin wallets.

Please read the following piece I wrote this week to learn more.

Protect Your Non-Custodial Bitcoin Wallet — Support The Open Dialogue Foundation

And please make a tax-deductible contribution (before the year’s end) to the organization here.

Bitcoin’s Second Book-Length Academic Text — The Satoshi Papers — Coming Soon

This week, I published my interview with Natalie Smolenski, a PhD-holding theoretical anthropologist who often makes very valuable thought contributions to the Bitcoin space.

The Satoshi Papers Explores The Role Of The State In A Post-Bitcoin World: An Interview With Natalie Smolenski

What I loved most about this interview (and I loved a lot about it) is Smolenski’s lack of reverence.

Two of my favorite quotes from the interview:

“There was kind of a triumph of a certain very statist approach to socialism and even communism in the American academy, in the Anglophone academy, that has persisted to this day, where there's, like I was saying earlier, a suspicion of anything smacking of individualism as bourgeois conceit or reinscribing social hierarchies, racial hierarchies, gender hierarchies, blah, blah, blah.”

The “blah, blah, blah” hit hard. It reminded me of how I used to tune out when speaking with a good portion of my co-workers during the years I taught at the college level.

The other one:

“What do you hope people will take away from The Satoshi Papers?

*> If there's only one idea that people take away from it, it's that your emancipation does not require the state. You do not need to wait for the government.

*> My God, take control of your life. You can, it is within your power to do so, and here are some examples of ways that people throughout human history have chosen to do so."

The “My God” was so properly placed. Chef’s kiss.

Check out to entire piece to absorb more of Smolenski’s wisdom.

Thank you all for reading, and here’s to a great week ahead!

Best,

Frank

@ 2063cd79:57bd1320

Aufgabe von Minern

Wer sich nochmal genau mit dem Ablauf von Mining befassen möchte, dem rate ich Ausgabe #27 zu lesen.

https://www.genexyz.org/post/27-block-779000-was-machen-miner-wirklich-3c8f05/

Wir erinnern uns, dass es im Bitcoin-Ökosystem drei große Gruppen gibt, die sich nicht jeweils ausschließen. Es gibt die Miner, die Node-Betreiber und die Nutzer. Diese schließen sich nicht gegenseitig aus, da man auch in zwei oder sogar drei dieser Gruppen verhaftet sein kann. Die Miner übernehmen Aufgaben, die die anderen zwei Gruppen nicht leisten können und dafür werden sie durch den Anreizmechanismus belohnt. Denn durch ihre Arbeit gewährleisten sie die Sicherung des Netzwerks (je höher die aufgebrachte Hashrate, desto schwieriger werden Angriffe), sie validieren, sortieren und fügen Transaktionen dem Netzwerk hinzu und darüber hinaus helfen sie dabei bitcoins zu verteilen (zumindest bis alle ca. 21 Millionen bitcoins in ca. 100 Jahren erschlossen wurden). Warum die Analogie zum Mining schwierig ist, haben wir schon öfter besprochen, kurz und verständlich auf den Punkt gebracht hat es diese Woche Gigi in einem kurzen Beitrag.

https://dergigi.com/2023/04/12/bitcoins-are-not-mined-they-are-issued-over-time

Mining Pools

Ich habe Mining-Pools detailliert in einem Artikel letzten September beschrieben. Wer sich mit dem Thema nochmal eingehender beschäftigen möchte, kann das hier tun:

https://www.genexyz.org/post/12-block-753150-bitcoin-mining-pools-vs-dezentralisierung-vytfxv/

Doch TL;DR für all diejenigen, die keine Zeit oder Lust haben, hier in Kürze:

Die immer weiter steigende Hashrate im Netzwerk, ausgelöst durch immer größer werdende Mining-Operationen und immer leistungsfähigere ASIC Chips, führt dazu, dass es kleine und auch mittelgroße Miner immer schwerer haben erfolgreich Bitcoins zu minen, und damit Profite zu erzielen.

Mining-Pools bieten da Abhilfe, indem sie Minern die Möglichkeit bieten, ihre Hashrate zu bündeln und somit eine größere Wahrscheinlichkeit erzeugen, im Wettkampf um die Winner-take-all-Prämie, einen Teil der Belohnung in Form von Block-Subsidy und Gebühren einzustreichen (➡️ Block Reward). Je mehr Miner sich in einem Pool zusammenschließen, um somit die Hashrate zu bündeln, desto wahrscheinlicher wird, dass dieser Zusammenschluss von Minern den nächsten Block findet. Damit sinkt natürlich die einzelne Auszahlung pro Block, jedoch steigt die proportionelle Anzahl der Blocks, die dieser Pool erfolgreich produzieren kann.

Diese Rechnung lohnt sich neben Mining-Farmen auch für die meisten kleinen und mittelgroßen Miner, da so ein stetiger Fluss von Einkommen wahrscheinlicher wird, als ab-und-zu (oder nie) den Jackpot zu knacken. Das Problem bei Mining-Pools besteht in der Bündelung der Hashrate unter einer übersichtlichen Anzahl von Betreibern, denn erstens macht es jede Konzentration einer bestimmten Sache für Angreifer einfacher, diese eine große Einheit ausfindig zu machen und gezielt zu attackieren. Und zweitens verschiebt sich die dezentrale Wahrheitsfindung zugunsten einer zentralisierten Entscheidungsfindung.

Denn bisher sind es die Mining-Pools, die über die Architektur der Blöcke bestimmen, also darüber, welche Transaktionen in den nächsten Blockkandidaten gepackt werden. Dies ermöglicht Mining-Pool-Betreibern sowohl Transaktionen zu zensieren (black listing), als auch Transaktionen auszuwählen, die nicht unbedingt im besten Interesse der Miner (z.B. Transaktionen mit geringen Gebühren, obwohl es welche mit hohen Gebühren gegeben hätte), oder gar des ganzen Netzwerks sind (z.B. leere Blöcke, um das Netzwerk zu verlangsamen) (white listing). Diese vermeintliche Macht der Pool-Betreiber muss nicht unbedingt von ihnen selbst ausgenutzt werden, bietet aber auch Regierungen und anderen Apparaten einen leichten Angriffsvektor, wenn diese versuchen wollen, das Netzwerk, bzw. einzelne Transaktionen gezielt zu zensieren, indem sie Mining-Pools unter Zwang setzen.

Wie in dieser Grafik leicht ersichtlich, gibt es heute einige wenige Pools, die einen deutlichen Anteil der globalen Hashrate bündeln. 80% (!!!) der Hashrate wird von den größten vier Pools bestimmt, und immerhin 55% (also mehr als die Hälfte - immer noch nicht cool) von den beiden größten. Dies macht Pools natürlich zu einem leicht bestimmbaren Angriffspunkt mit einer riesigen Zielscheibe auf dem Rücken.

Besteht überhaupt eine solche theoretische Möglichkeit, dass z.B. Foundry USA im Rahmen einer hypothetischen Verpflichtung durch Dritte (Regierung, Finanzaufsicht, Geheimdienst, etc.) mit der Zensur bestimmter Transaktionen beginnen könnte? Die Antwort ist: theoretisch erstmal ja. Auf technischer Ebene könnte es passieren. Doch Miner würden sehr schnell erkennen, dass etwas im Busch ist und ihre Hashrate auf andere Pools verlagern (dies muss nicht mal aus altruistischen Gründen geschehen, sondern einfach weil theoretische wirtschaftliche Anreize verloren gehen).

Transaktionsauswahl

Wie schon erwähnt, sind Mining-Pool-Betreiber heute dafür verantwortlich Transaktionen für den nächsten Block vorzuschlagen. Das bedeutet der Betreiber hat die volle Kontrolle darüber, wie der nächste Block im Mining-Prozess aussieht und die Miner und Mining-Farmen werden sozusagen zu Lieferanten von Hashrate, um diesen Vorschlag umzusetzen. Pools stellen den einzigen Koordinierungspunkt zwischen den teilnehmenden Hardware-Betreibern dar. Es bleibt dem Miner natürlich selbst überlassen, welchem Pool er sich anschließt (und ob sich überhaupt einem Pool angeschlossen wird) und auch der Wechsel von einem Pool zum nächsten ist relativ simpel und schnell vollzogen. Es bleibt jedoch dabei - Betreiber sind verantwortlich für die Auswahl von Transaktionen, die in die Kandidaten-Blöcke eingefügt (oder unterlassen, sprich zensiert) werden sollen. Es besteht also eine zusätzliche Bürde für jeden Miner zusätzlich zu kontrollieren, dass keine Transaktionen ausgeschlossen werden, oder Transaktionen sauber ausgewählt werden.

“Bitcoin is dead.” “Mining is over.” “They will regulate Bitcoin.” “Censorship will come.” - Peter Todd

https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/05/07/marathon-miners-have-started-censoring-bitcoin-transactions-heres-what-that-means

Ob nun ein Pool-Betreiber oder Miner durch Zwang dazu geführt wird, individuelle Transaktionen hinzuzufügen, oder auszulassen, oder ob es aus eigenem Antrieb heraus geschieht (wie im obigen Artikel von MARA beschrieben: der von Marathon kontrollierte MARA Pool hatte entschieden, nur Blöcke mit OFAC-konformen Transaktionen zu produzieren und damit Transaktionen von und zu Adressen zu zensieren, die vom US-Finanzministerium auf die schwarze Liste gesetzt wurden, was einen großen Aufstand hervorrief und kein anderer Miner schloss sich dem Beispiel an. MARA veröffentlichten nach nur einem Monat in einer Pressemitteilung, dass keine Transaktionen mehr gefiltert würden.) ist dabei zunächst egal.

Doch eine Umkehrung der Verantwortlichkeit würde die Verantwortung zu den einzelnen tausenden Hardware-Betreibern (Minern) verschieben, die zentrale Entscheidungsgewalt der Pool-Betreiber auflösen und einen großen Angriffspunkt im Netzwerk eliminieren.

Wie alle anderen Computer-Netzwerk, besteht auch Bitcoin aus Protokollen, mit denen die Kommunikation zwischen Teilnehmern und Regeln festgelegt werden und die geschilderten Bedrohungen werden durch das aktuelle Protokoll ermöglicht, das von Minern und Mining-Pools verwendet wird, um miteinander zu kommunizieren: Stratum V1.

Stratum v2

Wie bei allen Sachen im Bitcoin-Ökosystem, gibt es keine zentrale Organisation, die Verbesserungen im Protokoll oder, wie in diesem Fall, in untergeordneten Protokollen vorschlagen und umsetzen kann. Es bedarf immer einer Gruppe von Entwicklern, die ein Problem im derzeitigen System erkennen und einen passenden Lösungsvorschlag unterbreiten. So auch bei Stratum. Das originale Stratum-Protokoll (v1) wurde 2012 eingeführt und wird seitdem weitgehend unverändert eingesetzt.

Bei der Stratum v2 Reference Implementation (SRI) handelt es sich um eine kostenlose, unabhängige, Open-Source-Variante von Stratum v2. Aber Justus, heißt das etwa, es gibt noch andere Stratum v2 Varianten? Bingo, Zweiter, es können beliebig viele Varianten erstellt werden. Alleine die Mining Pools entscheiden darüber, welches Protokoll, also welche Software, für sie und ihr Geschäftsmodell am besten funktioniert. Und die kürzlich vorgestellte Variante, die SRI, ist das bis dato umfangreichste und am weitesten unterstützte Update des Protokolls. Denn sowohl Braiins, ein Anbieter von Mining-Pools und Mining-Software (inkl. einer eigenen Variante von Stratum v2), als auch Foundry USA, der derzeit größte aller Mining-Pools, sind aktive Unterstützer des Projekts.

SRI ist also das wichtigste Protokoll-Update seit 2012. Aber was genau macht v2 so wichtig und wo liegen die Schwächen von v1?

In der aktuellen Version 1 ist Datenübertragung zwischen Minern, aber auch zwischen Minern und Pool-Betreibern nicht verschlüsselt. In v2 wird Kommunikation verschlüsselt und gewährleistet so Integrität und Vertraulichkeit der übermittelten Informationen. Dies soll vor allem vor sogenannten Man-in-the-Middle-Angriffen schützen, bei denen Dritte die Übertragung von Hashrate zwischen Minern und Pools abfangen (sogenanntes Hashrate-Hijacking), und diese als die eigenen weiterzuleiten und somit Auszahlungen zu stehlen.

Das v2 Protokoll ist vollständig binär. Das heißt, Datenübertragungen werden nicht in Menschen-lesbarem Textformat (ASCII Code), sondern in Computer-lesbarem Binärformat vorgenommen, was unnötige Datenmengen eliminiert. Dies und einige andere Leistungsverbesserungen machen den gesamten Prozess bis zu 20% performanter.

Stratum v2 dezentralisiert das Bitcoin-Mining erheblich, denn Miner bekommen die Möglichkeit, die Transaktionen fortan selbst auszuwählen, wodurch das Netzwerk zensurresistenter wird. Dies wird mit Hilfe von weiteren untergeordneten Protokollen erreicht, die es Minern ermöglichen, Transaktionen über ihre Nodes auszuwählen. Dies ist ein wichtiger Meilenstein bei der Demokratisierung der Transaktionsauswahl im gepoolten Mining und eliminiert die oben beschriebenen Risiken.

Konkret haben die Entwickler ein neues dezentralisiertes untergeordnetes Protokoll geschaffen, das sich Job Negotiator (JN) nennt. Achtung, jetzt wird es etwas technisch: Miner betreiben ihre eigenen Knoten, die eine neue Vorlage direkt vom Vorlagenanbieter erhalten. Die neue Vorlage enthält den Merkle-Pfad der Transaktionen, die vom Anbieter ausgewählt wurden. Für den neuen Block muss ein neuer Job erstellt werden, also sendet der JN des Miners eine Nachricht mit einem vorgeschlagenen Satz von Transaktionen an den Pool-Betreiber. Der Betreiber akzeptiert dann die Vorlage oder lehnt sie ab. Wenn der Vorschlag der Miner akzeptiert wird, werden sie benachrichtigt, dass sie mit dem Mining beginnen und ihre anteilige Hashrate an den Pool senden können.

Kurz gesagt: Miner schlagen vor, welche Transaktionen in einen Block kommen und nicht andersrum. Alle sind glücklich, alle sind froh und darüber hinaus geschieht dies natürlich blitzschnell, sodass für die Miner und den Pool kein Nachteil gegenüber anderen Mitbewerbern entsteht, denn beim Mining zählt jede Millisekunde, wenn es darum geht erfolgreich den nächsten Block produzieren zu dürfen, oder nicht.

Was sind die Anreize für die Pool-Betreiber, dieses neue Protokoll zu verwenden, wenn sie damit ihr Gewaltmonopol aufgeben?

Relativ einfach: Pool-Betreiber mögen diese Verantwortung eigentlich gar nicht. Sie haben sie irgendwie geerbt und sind mit dieser großen Verpflichtung gegenüber dem Netzwerk und sich selbst irgendwie im Unreinen. Ein bisschen so wie bei Morty, Aaliyah, Djibrail, Laila, Issa, Leonora, Naima und Amaya.

Pool-Betreiber mögen es also nicht so in der Öffentlichkeit zu stehen und permanent angegriffen zu werden, des Weiteren birgt die Transaktionsauswahl auch ein gewisses Haftungsrisiko, das sie gerne von sich weisen würden.

Die beiden anderen grundlegenden Merkmale des Stratum v2 Protokolls sind, wie oben beschrieben, natürlich auch Sicherheits- und Leistungsverbesserung. Alleine für diese Attribute würde es sich schon lohnen, auf das neue Protokoll umzusteigen.

Die neue Variante des Protokolls (SRI) wurde erst kürzlich öffentlich und als Open-Source Code zugänglich gemacht. Es bleibt also nur eine Frage der Zeit, bis sich nach Braiins und Foundry auch die anderen Mining-Pools (sehr wahrscheinlich) nach einer gründlichen Test-Phase dem Update öffnen.

https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/carole-house-censoring-bitcoin

Besonders in Zeiten, in denen Gegner von Bitcoin in halb-öffentlichen Reden über Pläne sprechen, wie man das Bitcoin-Netzwerk kontrollieren, bzw. für seine Zwecke benutzen kann, ist es wichtig die oben besprochenen Angriffs-Vektoren zu minimieren.

Carole House, ehemalige Direktorin für Cybersicherheit des Nationalen Sicherheitsrates des Weißen Hauses, sprach bei einem Event an der Universität von Princeton und sagte "sie würde lieber mehr Hashrate in den USA sehen, damit sie Miner zwingen können, das Netzwerk zu zensieren" und dass es "nicht nur darum ginge, Minern zu sagen, dass sie bestimmte Transaktionen nicht in Blöcke einbauen, sondern auch nicht auf Blöcken mit nicht konformen Transaktionen aufzubauen, damit diese Transaktionen nirgendwo in der Kette ankommen".

Die zeugt davon, dass Menschen wie Carole House ein substantielles Verständnis von der Bitcoin-Technologie besitzen und dieses Fachwissen dafür verwenden werden, Wege und Mittel aufzutun, wie man Bitcoin zumindest attackieren kann.

🫳🎤

---

In diesem Sinne, 2... 1... Risiko!‌

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

Everyone was amazed and gave praise to God. They were filled with awe and said, “We have seen remarkable things today.” (Luke 5:26)

There are lots of verses in the Bible, both Old and New Testaments, where people were amazed at the works of God, but my question is, “Is there anything that amazes God?”

When the Sabbath came, he began to teach in the synagogue, and many who heard him were amazed.

“Where did this man get these things?” they asked. “What’s this wisdom that has been given him? What are these remarkable miracles he is performing? Isn’t this the carpenter? Isn’t this Mary’s son and the brother of James, Joseph, Judas and Simon? Aren’t his sisters here with us?” And they took offense at him.

Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor except in his own town, among his relatives and in his own home.” He could not do any miracles there, except lay his hands on a few sick people and heal them. He was amazed at their lack of faith. (Mark 6:2-6) {emphasis mine}

This passage mentions the people being amazed at Jesus’s teaching, but it also talks about Jesus being amazed at their lack of faith. It is amazing that people could see the son of God, face to face, and listen to Him teach God’s word and still not believe. They heard about and even saw Him work miracles and yet they did not repent, nor believe.

This is an example of a negative amazement. Are there any examples of positive amazement? There are two passages, that I know of, that describe one particular event that amazed Jesus:

The centurion replied, “Lord, I do not deserve to have you come under my roof. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed. For I myself am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. I tell this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and that one, ‘Come,’ and he comes. I say to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.” *When Jesus heard this, he was amazed* and said to those following him, “Truly I tell you, I have not found anyone in Israel with such great faith**. I say to you that many will come from the east and the west, and will take their places at the feast with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But the subjects of the kingdom will be thrown outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”

Then Jesus said to the centurion, “Go! Let it be done just as you believed it would.” And his servant was healed at that moment. (Matthew 8:8-13) {emphasis mine}

The other mention of this event is in Luke:

He was not far from the house when the centurion sent friends to say to him: “Lord, don’t trouble yourself, for I do not deserve to have you come under my roof. That is why I did not even consider myself worthy to come to you. But say the word, and my servant will be healed. For I myself am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. I tell this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and that one, ‘Come,’ and he comes. I say to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.”

When Jesus heard this, he was amazed at him, and turning to the crowd following him, he said, “I tell you, I have not found such great faith even in Israel.” (Luke 7:6-9) {emphasis mine}

This Roman centurion had greater faith than any one of God’s chosen people in Israel. This gentile man trusted that Jesus had the power to heal his servant and that all it would take was Jesus’s command. If Jesus spoke the word, his servant would be healed, and it was so. Just as Jesus spoke the universe into existence, He also spoke the centurion’s servant into health. The creator healed His creation with His word and the centurion believed that it would be so.

What can amaze God? It looks like both our lack of faith and great faith can amaze God.

This coming year, let’s try to amaze God with our undying faith in His goodness and ability to do anything and everything for our good.

Trust Jesus.

@ 6be5cc06:5259daf0

Um dos padrões mais bem estabelecidos ao medir a opinião pública é que cada geração tende a seguir um caminho semelhante em termos de política e ideologia geral. Seus membros compartilham das mesmas experiências formativas, atingem os marcos importantes da vida ao mesmo tempo e convivem nos mesmos espaços. Então, como devemos entender os relatórios que mostram que a Geração Z é hiperprogressista em certos assuntos, mas surpreendentemente conservadora em outros?

A resposta, nas palavras de Alice Evans, pesquisadora visitante na Universidade de Stanford e uma das principais estudiosas do tema, é que os jovens de hoje estão passando por um grande divergência de gênero, com as jovens mulheres do primeiro grupo e os jovens homens do segundo. A Geração Z representa duas gerações, e não apenas uma.

Em países de todos os continentes, surgiu um distanciamento ideológico entre jovens homens e mulheres. Milhões de pessoas que compartilham das mesmas cidades, locais de trabalho, salas de aula e até casas, não veem mais as coisas da mesma maneira.

Nos Estados Unidos, os dados da Gallup mostram que, após décadas em que os sexos estavam distribuídos de forma relativamente equilibrada entre visões políticas liberais e conservadoras, as mulheres entre 18 e 30 anos são agora 30 pontos percentuais mais liberais do que os homens dessa faixa etária. Essa diferença surgiu em apenas seis anos.

A Alemanha também apresenta um distanciamento de 30 pontos entre homens jovens conservadores e mulheres jovens progressistas, e no Reino Unido, a diferença é de 25 pontos. Na Polônia, no ano passado, quase metade dos homens entre 18 e 21 anos apoiou o partido de extrema direita Confederation, em contraste com apenas um sexto das jovens mulheres dessa mesma idade.

Fora do Ocidente, há divisões ainda mais acentuadas. Na Coreia do Sul, há um enorme abismo entre homens e mulheres jovens, e a situação é semelhante na China. Na África, a Tunísia apresenta o mesmo padrão. Vale notar que em todos os países essa divisão drástica ocorre principalmente entre a geração mais jovem, sendo muito menos pronunciada entre homens e mulheres na faixa dos 30 anos ou mais velhos.

O movimento # MeToo foi o principal estopim, trazendo à tona valores feministas intensos entre jovens mulheres que se sentiram empoderadas para denunciar injustiças de longa data. Esse estopim encontrou especialmente terreno fértil na Coreia do Sul, onde a desigualdade de gênero é bastante visível e a misoginia explícita é comum. (palavras da Financial Times, eu só traduzi)

Na eleição presidencial da Coreia do Sul em 2022, enquanto homens e mulheres mais velhos votaram de forma unificada, os jovens homens apoiaram fortemente o partido de direita People Power, enquanto as jovens mulheres apoiaram o partido liberal Democratic em números quase iguais e opostos.

A situação na Coreia é extrema, mas serve como um alerta para outros países sobre o que pode acontecer quando jovens homens e mulheres se distanciam. A sociedade está dividida, a taxa de casamento despencou e a taxa de natalidade caiu drasticamente, chegando a 0,78 filhos por mulher em 2022, o menor número no mundo todo.

Sete anos após a explosão inicial do movimento # MeToo, a divergência de gênero em atitudes tornou-se autossustentável.

Dados das pesquisas mostram que em muitos países, as diferenças ideológicas vão além dessa questão específica. A divisão progressista-conservadora sobre assédio sexual parece ter causado ou pelo menos faz parte de um alinhamento mais amplo, em que jovens homens e mulheres estão se organizando em grupos conservadores e liberais em outros assuntos.

Nos EUA, Reino Unido e Alemanha, as jovens mulheres agora adotam posturas mais liberais sobre temas como imigração e justiça racial, enquanto grupos etários mais velhos permanecem equilibrados. A tendência na maioria dos países tem sido de mulheres se inclinando mais para a esquerda, enquanto os homens permanecem estáveis. No entanto, há sinais de que os jovens homens estão se movendo para a direita na Alemanha, tornando-se mais críticos em relação à imigração e se aproximando do partido de extrema direita AfD nos últimos anos.

Seria fácil dizer que tudo isso é apenas uma fase passageira, mas os abismos ideológicos apenas crescem, e os dados mostram que as experiências políticas formativas das pessoas são difíceis de mudar. Tudo isso é agravado pelo fato de que o aumento dos smartphones e das redes sociais faz com que os jovens homens e mulheres agora vivam em espaços separados e tenham culturas distintas.

As opiniões dos jovens frequentemente são ignoradas devido à baixa participação política, mas essa mudança pode deixar consequências duradouras, impactando muito mais do que apenas os resultados das eleições.

Retirado de: https://www.ft.com/content/29fd9b5c-2f35-41bf-9d4c-994db4e12998

@ 6734e11d:c7e34e8f

@ f584256e:c8d47907

Once upon a time, in the heart of the Middle Ages, there lived a curious and adventurous boy named Oliver. At the tender age of eight, he resided in a humble farmer's house on the outskirts of a small town with his caring parents. The family had a modest plot of land and a cozy cottage, where they worked hard to make ends meet.

One day, as the sun painted the sky with hues of orange and pink, Oliver sat outside, gazing at the rolling hills and daydreaming about the world beyond. His eyes sparkled with the curiosity of a young explorer. "I wish I could see what lies beyond these fields and experience the wonders of the world," he mused.

Despite their humble circumstances, Oliver's parents noticed the longing in their son's eyes. Determined to nurture his adventurous spirit, they crafted a simple map together, tracing routes through neighboring villages, forests, and distant castles.

Encouraged by his parents, Oliver embarked on a journey, armed with his map, a small bag of provisions, and a heart full of dreams. As he ventured beyond the familiar fields, he encountered friendly villagers who shared stories of distant lands and magical creatures.

Oliver's journey led him through enchanted forests, where mystical creatures whispered secrets among the ancient trees. He crossed babbling brooks and climbed rolling hills, discovering the beauty of the world that lay just beyond his home.

Throughout his travels, Oliver encountered challenges and learned valuable lessons. He helped a lost lamb find its way back to the flock, befriended a wise old owl who shared tales of bravery, and even stumbled upon a hidden treasure chest, though it was filled not with gold but with the warmth of newfound friendships.

As days turned into weeks, Oliver's heart swelled with gratitude for the experiences that shaped him. He realized that the true wealth of the world lay not in gold and riches, but in the kindness of strangers, the beauty of nature, and the bonds of friendship.

Eventually, Oliver returned home, his heart brimming with stories to share. His parents, overjoyed to see their son safe and enriched by his adventures, welcomed him with open arms. From that day forward, Oliver carried the spirit of exploration within him, cherishing the simple joys of life and forever grateful for the love that surrounded him in his humble farmer's home. And so, in the center of the Middle Ages, a little boy's wanderlust had woven a tapestry of tales that would be passed down through generations.

@ ea9e8563:5a82ed79

Januar

• Bitcoin Spende an Satoshi

https://mempool.space/tx/d7db4f96a4059c8906b953677ce533493d7b9da0f854a21b99f5772910dd0a31

• Bitcoin im Bundestrag

https://bitcoin-im-bundestag.de/event/auftaktveranstaltung-bitcoin-im-bundestag/

• Bitcoin ETF Aproval
• USA verkauft Beschlagnamte Bitcoin von Darknet Dealer Xanaxman

https://news.bitcoin.com/us-government-to-sell-116-million-in-bitcoin-seized-from-darknet-dealer-xanaxman/

• LKA Beschlagnahmt Bitcoin

https://live.vodafone.de/regional/sachsen/bka-bitcoins-im-wert-von-zwei-milliarden-euro-gesichert/12478628

• Gericht bestätigt, dass die Trucker Massnahmen (Geld einfrieren) unrechtmässig gewesen ist

https://de.cointelegraph.com/news/canada-use-of-law-freezing-protesters-crypto-donations-unconstitutional

Song 1: Netdiver

> Hodl, Hodl, Hodlin' - Pleb Town Rock*

Februar

• Einundzwanzig Magazin: Interview mit Julian Assange's Brunder

https://bitpartikel.com/cryptonite/blog/2024/02/20/freejulianassangenow-2/

• Fair Talk akzeptiert auch Bitcoin Lightning Spenden

https://www.fairtalk.tv/

• Marathon Slipstream wird Announced (direct Submitting BTC txs)

https://slipstream.mara.com/

• Cypherpunks: Hörbuch nun auf audible

https://www.audible.de/magazin/cypherpunks-wir-sind-opfer-der-geheimdienste

Song 2: Eric

Bitcoin to the Sky - Lunapilot

März

• Bitcoin Atlantis

https://bitcoinatlantis.com/

https://www.youtube.com/@freemadeira

• Opensats Nostr Fund

https://opensats.org/projects/nostr

• Sovereign Engineering (mit Gigi)

https://sovereignengineering.io/

• El Salvador hebt KYC Limite von 200$ auf 25k$

https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/el-salvador-updates-old-law-to-lift-kyc-limits-from-200-to-25000/

• BitBox Lightning Preview

https://twitter.com/BitBoxSwiss/status/1767491986578080091

• Twenty Two Portal (Mobile Signing Device)

https://x.com/TwentyTwoHW/status/1763625247465762826?s=20

https://twenty-two.xyz/

Song 3: Sandro

> PlanB Network - The Orange Pill Jam*

## \ April

• 21 Magazin „Bitcoin ist Cypherpunk“

https://twitter.com/BITpARTIKEL/status/1775742551749808255

• Gold so viel wert wie noch nie - Experten rätseln über Gründe

https://tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/finanzen/gold-preis-rekordhoch-zinsen-100.html…

• Renato Moicano Octagon Interview | UFC 300

Link - talks about Ludwig von Mises

• Samourai Gründer verhaftet

https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/founders-and-ceo-cryptocurrency-mixing-service-arrested-and-charged-money-laundering

• Wasabi stellt Coinjoin Service ein

https://blog.wasabiwallet.io/zksnacks-is-discontinuing-its-coinjoin-coordination-service-1st-of-june/

• LNbits Funds gestohlen

https://twitter.com/lnbits/status/1784521836950110264

• Roger Ver wird Steuerbetrug vorgeworfen

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/early-bitcoin-investor-charged-tax-fraud

• Swiss Bitcoin Conference in Kreuzlingen

https://swiss-bitcoin-conference.com/

Song 4: Nicolas

The Johner Boys - Psycho

Mai

• Tornado Cash - Akexey Pertsev für 64 Monate verurteilt

https://www.nobsbitcoin.com/tornado-cash-developer-alexey-pertsev-sentenced-to-64-months-in-prison-in-the-netherlands/

• AFD sympatisiert mit Bitcoin

https://www.blocktrainer.de/blog/afd-mit-anfrage-an-die-bundesregierung-zu-bitcoin

• Seasteading

https://fountain.fm/episode/gloM4Dygv97mnKkLXMZc

• Microstrategy Bitcoin Strategie, seit ca 4 Jahren aktiv - Aktienkurs mehr als 1’500% gestiegen.

Berglinde Briefing vom 30.05.24

• Bum Bum Check

Breedlove

Song 5: Netdiver

The next Bitcoin Bull Run - Annonymal

Juni

• Deutschland verkauft Bitcoin

https://www.btc-echo.de/schlagzeilen/verkauft-das-bka-50-000-bitcoin-186860/

• Mt Gox verkauft BTC

https://www.blocktrainer.de/blog/mtgox-startet-bitcoin-rueckzahlungen

• BTC Prague

https://btcprague.com/#

• Paralelni Polis

https://paralelnipolis.cz/en/o-nas/en/

• Julian Assange Free
• Lykke Konkurs (hack 22mio Dollar)

Song 6: Eric

Halving - Orange Pill Jam  Project

Juli

• Julians Assange erster Geburtstag in Freiheit nach Jahren

https://primal.net/e/note1eppuucmjkrux55k9gmtta9kxfua56tfrfy8sankwmlf34aach6zqggurwa

• Phoenix unterstützt jetzt Bolt 12

https://x.com/PhoenixWallet/status/1808547081214439494

• Trump spricht auf der BTC24 in Nashville

https://x.com/BitcoinMagazine/status/1811181306438660375

• Anhörung von Lonergan „TDevD“ Dev von Samourai

https://x.com/frankcorva/status/1811093896144785625

• Faketoshi ist nicht Satoshi (für 3Monate auf seiner Website

https://primal.net/e/note1rfmplr0dry52hd3y65dvred9638saglf8sjw2fp4fd4e0w2z4ncsej77cz

• Sachsen Notveräusserung von 50k Bitcoin

https://www.medienservice.sachsen.de/medien/news/1077662

• Larry fink und Michael Dell im Bitcoin Fieber?

https://www.blocktrainer.de/blog/blackrock-ceo-larry-fink-und-michael-dell-im-bitcoin-fieber

• Strike BTC Pay Server Integration

https://strike.me/blog/btcpay-server-integrates-strike-api-to-power-bitcoin-payments/

• Proton Wallet

https://proton.me/blog/proton-wallet-launch

• Erster Bitaxe Block

https://mempool.space/de/block/00000000000000000000f0235e50becc0b3bc91231e236f67736d64b1813704b

Song 7: Sandro

PlebRap - Bitcoin braucht dich nicht! - SatStacker, Mo

August

• Mutiny Wallet shutting down

https://blog.mutinywallet.com/mutiny-wallet-is-shutting-down/

• Dark Skippy Attack

https://darkskippy.com/

Der Bitcoin Dark Skippy-Angriff ist eine ausgeklügelte Methode, die auf Hardware-Wallets abzielt. Er nutzt kompromittierte Firmware aus, um heimlich Teile der Seed-Phrase eines Benutzers in Transaktionssignaturen einzubetten. Mit nur wenigen signierten Transaktionen können Angreifer die vollständige Seed-Phrase extrahieren und möglicherweise die volle Kontrolle über die gespeicherten Bitcoins erlangen. Dieser Angriff ist besonders gefährlich, da er im Hintergrund unbemerkt ablaufen kann, was ihn schwer zu erkennen macht.

• Bitbox anti Klepto

https://bitbox.swiss/blog/anti-klepto-wie-die-bitbox02-versteckte-seed-extraktion-verhindert/

Der Artikel erklärt das Anti-Klepto-Protokoll, das von der BitBox02 Hardware-Wallet implementiert wurde. Dieses Protokoll schützt vor dem "Nonce Covert Channel"-Angriff, bei dem ein bösartiger Hersteller heimlich den privaten Schlüssel (Seed) des Benutzers extrahieren könnte. Das Anti-Klepto-Protokoll funktioniert, indem es die Fähigkeit der Hardware-Wallet einschränkt, die Nonce frei zu wählen, indem es zusätzliche Zufälligkeit von der Host-Software (z.B. BitBoxApp) einbezieht. Dies verhindert die Manipulation der Nonce zur Übertragung versteckter Daten und erhöht somit die Sicherheit der Benutzer-Seeds.

• Sunny vs Holger Wette

Link

• Todestag von Hal Finney

https://www.blocktrainer.de/blog/der-tag-an-dem-hal-finney-starb

• Telegram Gründer in Frankreich festgenommen

https://www.zeit.de/digital/2024-08/pawel-durow-festnahme-frankreich-telegram?utm_content=zeitde_redpost+_link_sf&utm_campaign=ref&utm_medium=sm&utm_referrer=twitter&wt_zmc=sm.int.zonaudev.twitter.ref.zeitde.redpost.link.sf&utm_source=twitter_zonaudev_int

• Überbezahlte Konsolidierungs tx by 195x

https://x.com/mononautical/status/1826698452149174433

Song 8: Nicolas

Middle Season - Let Go (What's holding you back)

September

• CLN v24.08 Bolt 12 und blinded Paths

https://x.com/core_ln/status/1830647170896105623

• Strike unterstützt Bolt 12

https://x.com/strike/status/1831099910458163536

• Bitcoin Hashrate auf ATH

https://charts.bitbo.io/hashrate/

• Marshall-Plan 2.0 - Wer zahlt Europas 800-Mrd.-Euro-Rechnung? (Sound Money BTC pod Loddi)

https://www.sound-money.de/podcast/episode/283fe281/237-marshall-plan-20-wer-zahlt-europas-800-mrd-euro-rechnung

• Nostr Wegweiser by Quille

https://quillie.github.io/nostr-wegweiser/

• Argentiniens Libertäre Zeitenwende (Einundzwanzig Podcast Folge)

https://fountain.fm/episode/xTMivhQBGJpdPLpKZ5l9

• Orange Vision for BAS
• Signal blocked in Russia

https://cyberinsider.com/signal-messenger-blocked-in-russia-amid-crackdown-on-communication-platforms/

• Blackrock’s Coinbase tx’s recorded off-chain

https://x.com/TylerDurden/status/1790941726544478602

• DATUM by Ocean (Mining Software, readjusting incentives for miner - build their own templates)

https://x.com/ocean_mining/status/1840408161271890264

• Article by Scott Locklin about QC - shared by Jimmy Song

(Der Artikel argumentiert, dass Quantencomputing weitgehend ein betrügerisches Feld ist. Der Autor behauptet, dass trotz jahrzehntelanger Forschung und erheblicher Finanzierung kein praktischer Quantencomputer gebaut wurde. Er kritisiert den Mangel an Fortschritten bei der Erstellung auch nur eines fehlerkorrigierten Qubits und argumentiert, dass das Feld mehr auf Hype als auf tatsächlichem wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt basiert. Der Autor vergleicht Quantencomputing mit Nanotechnologie und suggeriert, dass beide Bereiche unrealistische Behauptungen über die Manipulation von Materie auf Weisen aufstellen, die wir nicht vollständig verstehen. Er äußert auch Bedenken über die Anzahl der Karrieren und Ressourcen, die einer Technologie gewidmet sind, die seiner Meinung nach in keiner praktischen Form existiert.)

https://scottlocklin.wordpress.com/2019/01/15/quantum-computing-as-a-field-is-obvious-bullshit/

Song 9: Netdiver

Real Men Invest in Bitcoin, and Not in Soya - Fezzy

Oktober

• BAS GV
• 2 Orange Vision Kandidaten wurden gewählt
  • Phil
  • Lisa
  • Niklas
  • Adriano

https://www.bitcoinassociation.ch/board-1

• Bitcoin verkaufen mit Pocket, auch in der Bitbox App 

https://www.blocktrainer.de/blog/bitbox-pocket-mit-neuem-feature

• Shielded Client side validation

Abgeschirmte clientseitige Validierung (Shielded CSV) ist ein neues Protokoll, das Token-Transfers auf Bitcoin verbessert. Es ermöglicht die private Übertragung von Token, ohne Informationen über die Token oder deren Transferhistorie preiszugeben. Abgeschirmte CSV verwendet Zero-Knowledge-Beweise, um Überweisungen mit einem festen Ressourcenaufwand zu verifizieren, was die Privatsphäre und Effizienz verbessert. Zudem können mehrere Token-Transfers in einer einzigen Bitcoin-Transaktion kombiniert werden, was potenziell Tausende von Token-Transfers in einem Block ermöglicht.

https://bitcoinops.org/en/newsletters/2024/09/27/

• Tesla verkauft alle Bitcoin

https://www.blocktrainer.de/blog/tesla-leert-die-bitcoin-wallet-was-steckt-dahinter

• FBI Token überführt Pump and Dump Projekte

https://www.blocktrainer.de/blog/anklagen-wegen-pump-and-dump-im-krypto-sektor

• Lugano Plan B Forum

https://planb.lugano.ch/planb-forum/

• Klima Grosseltern

Song 10: Eric

Rely on relay - Orange Pill Jam Project

November

• Telekom testet Bitcoin Mining infrastrukturen

https://www.telekom.com/de/medien/medieninformationen/detail/test-bitcoin-mining-infrastruktur-fuer-ueberschuessige-energie-1082680

• Bitcoin Block Stans

https://x.com/NW_BTCkonferenz

• Shopinbit Schweiz Launch

shopinbit.ch

Code DEZENTRALSCHWEIZ 5CHF geschenkt auf ersten Einkauf 

• Boost Initial Node sync mit UTXO Snapshots

https://blog.lopp.net/bitcoin-node-sync-with-utxo-snapshots/

• Bitcoin Alps

https://www.bitcoin-alps.ch/konferenz/

• Liana Wallet Anleitung/Review von Patrick

https://dezentralschweiz.ch/liana-die-besondere-multisig-wallet/

Song 11: Sandro

Bitcoin Anthem - Miss Bitcoin

Dezember

• Bitcoin Baden

https://bitcoinbaden.ch/

• BAS GV im Dezember
• Wahl eines weiteren Board-mitglied
  • Rahim Taghizadegan
• Abarbeitung div. Traktanden
• Abstimmung über 100k Initiative

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5895d62d2994ca86b0cd9807/t/67503467c6aa4452cae00fcf/1733309544008/Bitcoin_Association_General_Assembly_07_12_2024.pdf

• BAS im Bundeshaus

https://www.finews.ch/news/finanzplatz/65619-bitcoin-association-switzerland-bas-sbf-bundeshaus-bitcoin-stablecoin-swiss-blockchain-federation-rahim-taghizadegan?utm_source=newsletter_5075&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=finewsletter-vom-11-12-2024

• 100K Party BAS

Song 12: Nicolas

Headache Song - FM Rodeo

@ f4d89779:2b522db9

In the game of Ultimate Frisbee, there is a beloved phrase that captures one of the best aspects of playing. Ultimate is about decision making. It is played on a rectangular field with seven players on each side. Much like football, the object of the game is to score with a throw into the end zone.

To "HUCK", means to launch the disc down field in the hopes of scoring. You can probably guess what the "OR YOU'RE NOTHING" means but the spirit of it is that when the opportunity comes ...

PUT THE DISC IN THE AIR

https://i.nostr.build/XyTpXdNOSpv5f8ZZ.jpg

Sorry, I had to channel my inner ODELL there for a second. These are all caps kind of moments. Time feels like it stops, the disc floats in the air, the receiver and defender are sprinting all out, you can hear the collective breath of anticipation from the audience and then you score. If you're good that is.

You know what? You and I are civilized people, we use the NOSTR, so I won't limit myself to just words. Here are some of those moments:

https://v.nostr.build/zav5o04BK97FiNAt.mp4

During the course of play, teams get into a formation with a couple of the players doing the majority of the disc throwing. These players are called handlers. They handle the disc, they have the responsibility of moving the disc downfield, and handle most of the decision making.

A good handler develops a sort of instinct for each of their receivers, can guess the capabilities of each defender, and knows himself well enough to know if he has the throw. They know who is good and reliable at short cuts. They know who has the top end speed to throw a long floating pass into the end zone. With each play they are judging all of the moving objects on the field and deciding on real time risk of each throw and where things will lead.

Mistakes lead to turnovers and turnovers, like in many other sports, are death.

Hopefully, you start to see how ultimate relates to life and Bitcoin. Life is a field and you have defenders and you have receivers. It is your disc and the decisions you make have a huge impact on whether you win or lose.

Knowingly or not, you saw Bitcoin as a potential receiver and Governments, academics, shitcoiners, as defenders. In some ways those around you were also defenders. They whispered, or maybe still whisper the risk and probability of failure in your ear. Their fear weighed against what you know.

With the btc/usd exchange rate at $94k, and companies fighting over the best ways to get sats I think we can say that you did not get lucky. They called you crazy, they said that throw won't work, they said your receiver sucked but you knew better.

You saw that receiver leaving every defender in the dust and you HUCKED it and you are certainly not NOTHING.

@ 78c90fc4:4bff983c

Pharma Whistleblower since 2009

Jane Bürgermeister was born in Switzerland on 19 January 1966 and has both Austrian and Irish citizenship. She has worked as a journalist and has written articles for various publications such as Nature, the British Medical Journal and The Guardian.\ \ In April 2009, Bürgermeister filed criminal charges against several organisations and individuals, including:\ • The World Health Organization (WHO)\ • The United Nations (UN)\ • The US government and President Obama\ • Pharmaceutical companies such as Baxter\ He accused these parties of serious crimes such as:\ • Attempted mass murder\ • Bioterrorism\ • High treason

Her 2009 video was deleted from social media sites and YouTube:

https://waltersiegrist.ch/JaneBurgermeister2009.mp4

Living in Greece in 2023, she urgently called to lift Mitsotakis' immunity for participating in an illegal plan to administer a toxic Covid vaccine to the Greek public and knowingly poison millions of Greeks. 

https://wearechange.at/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/FProofsMitsotakisTrumpHaveKilledMillionsThroughCovidVaccinesDeliberately.pdf

https://www.corona-hoax.ch/FProofsMitsotakisTrumpHaveKilledMillionsThroughCovidVaccinesDeliberately.pdf

https://x.com/RealWsiegrist/status/1873028168774500362

https://wearechange.at/wo-ist-jane-burgermeister/

@ ea9e8563:5a82ed79

Originally Published 21.05.21

Bitcoin

Die erste, grösste und bekannteste Kryptowährung heisst Bitcoin. Das Netzwerk wurde 2009 von Satoshi Nakamoto veröffentlicht unter dem Vorwand das, dass Geldsystem völlig kaputt und veraltet ist und etwas Neues her muss. Nach dem Finanzcrash 2007 baute er fleissig an diesem „magischen Internet-Geld“ und löste ein wichtiges Problem: das Double Spending Problem. Das Problem war bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt, dass digitale Informationen, Daten und Zahlen einfach beliebig oft vermehrt oder geändert werden konnten, ohne sie von einer zentralen Organisation zu überwachen lassen. Und das war Satoshi ganz wichtig, weil eine zentrale Organisation früher oder später diese Macht für sich ausnutzen wird. Vor allem in der Geldgeschichte wurde praktisch jede zentral geregelte, auf einer beinahe unendlich leicht herstellbaren Währung oft missbraucht. Bitcoin läuft mittlerweile seit über 12 Jahren und das ohne Fehler. Wie Bitcoin funktioniert, werde ich aber in diesem Artikel nicht weiter behandeln. Aber schauen wir uns doch kurz an, wofür Bitcoin erschaffen wurde und welche Probleme noch bestehen.

Das Ziel von Bitcoin

Bitcoin ist das solideste Geld, was wir jemals hatten. Wir können mit absoluter Sicherheit sagen, dass es nie mehr als 21 Millionen Bitcoin geben wird. Dadurch ist Bitcoin deflationär. Durch die Blockchain werden die ganzen Transaktionen, die jemals gemacht wurden, abgespeichert. Das Problem ist jetzt aber, dass Bitcoin im Schnitt nur 7 Transaktionen pro Sekunde verarbeiten kann, weil die maximale Blockgrösse und somit die Anzahl der Transaktionen begrenzt ist. Wenn wir das jetzt mit den altbekannten Anbietern wie VISA und Mastercard vergleichen, können diese mehrere zehntausend Transaktionen pro Sekunde verarbeiten. Dies führt dazu, dass die Transaktionsgebühren relativ teuer werden, weil diese durch Angebot und Nachfrage bestimmt werden. Man kann sich Bitcoin also als Settlement Layer vorstellen, wie zum Beispiel FED Wire von der US-Zentralbank.

The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.

*> - Satoshi Nakamoto

Ziele von Lightning

Lightning versucht die oben benannten Probleme zu lösen und sogar noch einige mehr. Auch werden neue Möglichkeiten geschaffen welche wir später noch genauer anschauen werden. Lightning ist ein Protokoll welches auf Bitcoin aufbaut, und ist völlig Open Source. Das heisst, theoretisch könnte man das LN (Lightning Netzwerk) auch auf anderen Kryptowährungen anwenden und benutzen. Zur Zeit geschieht dies aber noch nicht, weil die meisten anderen Kryptowährungen eher versuchen, diese Probleme auf dem Mainlayer zu lösen. Ob dies sinnvoll ist oder nicht lasse ich einfach mal so stehen. Als Ziele haben sich die Entwickler von Lightning und die Community verschiedenste Dinge gesetzt:

• P2P Netzwerk mit Zahlungskanälen zwischen den einzelnen Nutzern
• Routing über fremde Kanäle
• Skalierbarkeit von Bitcoin ausgleichen
• Geringe oder gar keine Netzwerkgebühren
• Hohe Privatsphäre

Wie Lightning entstanden ist

Man merkte schon relativ früh, dass man bei Bitcoin einige Probleme hat, wenn man damit einen Kaffee zahlen will. Die Transaktionsgebühren können da schnell mal höher als der Kaffee selbst sein. Dies ist natürlich nicht zielführend und ökonomisch kompletter Blödsinn. Deshalb machte man sich schon früh Gedanken, wie man dies verbessern könnte.

Es gibt drei Methoden, um dieses Problem zu lösen:

• Maximale Blockgrösse erhöhen (mehr Transaktionen)
• Zeit zwischen den Blöcken verkleinern
• Einführung eines Second Layer

Das Problem bei den ersten zwei Punkten ist, dass mit diesen Funktionen es sich viel schwieriger gestaltet ein eigene Node (Knotenpunkt) zu betreiben. Dieser Knotenpunkt müsste viel mehr Speicher haben als heute (ca. 300 GB) und würde somit mehr kosten. Auch müsste der Prozessor viel besser werden und somit mehr Energie verbrauchen, weil mehr Transaktionen validiert werden müssen. Weil es den Bitcoinern sehr wichtig ist, dass sie nicht auf andere vertrauen müssen, sondern alles selber verifizieren können.

Don’t trust, verify!

*> - bekanntes Bitcoin saying

Somit bleibt nur die Lösung eines Second Layers übrig. Auch wenn der Grossteil der Bitcoin Community für den Second Layer war, gab es ein kleines Lager, welches trotzdem für die Erhöhung der Blockgrösse war. So entstand Bitcoin Cash (BCH). Sie Forkten somit die Bitcoin Blockchain und es entstand ein neuer Abzweiger. Die Blockgrösse wurde von 1 MB auf 32 MB angehoben. Damit man den Second Layer mit Bitcoin verknüpfen konnte, musste noch das SegWit (Segregated-Withness) Update implementiert werden. Auch hier waren über 90 % der Bitcoin Community für ein Update, was ein Softfork bildete. Softforks sind nichts Schlechtes und sind eigentlich nur Software-Updates, welche Rückwärts kompatibel sind. Lightning wurde somit 2015 vorgestellt und 2018 veröffentlicht, auch wenn Lightning immer noch in den Kinderschuhen steckt, hat es ein Riesenpotenzial, vor allem wenn man sich anschaut wie schnell und gross das Netzwerk mittlerweile geworden ist.

Funktionsweise

Eines der wichtigsten Funktionen bei Lightning ist es, dass man Zahlungskanäle einrichtet, welche zwischen dir und dem Empfänger geöffnet werden. Das ausgeklügelte daran aber ist, dass man nicht zu jedem, dem man eine Transaktion schickt, auch einen Kanal offen haben muss. Aber schauen wir uns zuerst mal das Prinzip von einem einfachen Zahlungskanal an.

In diesem Beispiel haben Alice und Bob sich gegenseitig einen Zahlungskanal geöffnet, damit dies auch wirklich passiert, muss man Liquidität hinzufügen. Das Tolle daran ist, dass nicht unbedingt beide müssen oder nicht gleichviel hinzufügen müssen. Dies macht vor allem Sinn, wenn Alice ein Kaffee betreibt und Bob sich da jeden Morgen einen Kaffee holt. Somit muss Alice nie Geld zu Bob senden, aber Bob muss immer Geld zu Alice. In unserem Beispiel sind Alice und Bob Freunde und schicken sich gegenseitig immer wieder Geld. Bei der Eröffnung, also der Liquiditätseingabe, wird eine Transaktion auf der Bitcoin Blockchain zu einem Multi Signature Wallet gemacht. Dieses Wallet hat zwei Private Keys und kann nur geplündert werden, wenn beide dazu zustimmen. Das Geld wird also eingefroren. Durch eine Schnittstelle erkennt das Lightning Netzwerk das und ordnet die eingezahlten Gelder den beiden zu.

Mann kann sich vorstellen, dass innerhalb eines Zahlungskanals immer Geld hin und hergeschickt werden kann ohne Gebühren. Dies wird digital in einem Buchhaltungsähnlichen System gespeichert. Und am Ende kommt eine neue Balance heraus, welche mit der Schliessung des Channels wieder in den Mainlayer (also Bitcoin) implementiert wird. Dadurch können unendlich viele Transaktionen in maximal 4 Transaktionen auf der Bitcoin Blockchain dargestellt werden. Das absolut verrückte ist aber, dass 500 Transaktionen pro Sekunde durchgeführt werden können, in jedem Channel!

Routing von Transaktionen

Um nicht bei jeder kleinsten Transaktion einen neuen Channel erstellen zu, müssen gibt es noch eine weitere Möglichkeit Geld zu versenden. Dabei werden fremde Channels verwendet und eine Route wird von dir zu deinem Empfänger gesucht. Sobald diese Route gefunden ist, wird das Geld von Person zu Person vollautomatisch versendet. Als Gebühr für die Mitbenutzung der Fremden Channel bezahlt man eine kleine Gebühr, welche aber sehr klein ist und meist nur wenige Cent beträgt.

### Vorteile von Lightning

Das Lightning Netzwerk nutzt auch Bitcoin als Währung und ist somit ebenfalls extrem sicher und man kann garantieren das es nie mehr als 21 Millionen geben wird auf dem Lightning und Bitcoin-Netzwerk. Weil viele neue Möglichkeiten durch dieses schnelle Netzwerk geschaffen werden, wurde der Satoshi (1:100’000’000 Bitcoin) nochmal in eine kleinere Unterwährung aufgeteilt. Dabei wird 1 Satoshi in 1000 mSatoshis (mili) aufgeteilt. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die Fehlende öffentliche Transaktionshistorie, damit ist die Privatsphäre extrem hoch und die Nachverfolgbarkeit extrem schwierig, vor allem wenn die Bezahlungen über mehrere Routing Hops (Sprünge) laufen. Man kann also sagen, dass Lightning Privacy per Default hat. Lightning ist dezentral und für jeden Menschen nutzbar, welcher es nutzen will.

Anwendungsbereiche

Mittlerweile gibt es schon extrem viele Bereiche wo Lightning angewendet wird um die Vorteile von der Blockchain und von Lightning allgemein zu nutzen, einige davon Werde ich euch nun vorstellen:

Fountain: Podcast Plattform

Fountain funktioniert im Prinzip wie jede andere grössere Podcastplattform wie zum Beispiel Spotify oder Apple Podcasts und viele mehr. Nicht nur für den Content Creator gibt es viele coole Features, sondern auch für den Nutzer. Zum Beispiel kann der Nutzer einstellen, wie viel Geld er zahlen will, um den Creator zu unterstützen, während er sich den Podcast anhört wird für die Zeit, die er hört ein Betrag abgebucht. Meiner Meinung ist dies ein extrem guter Weg, um vor allem kleine Podcasts zu monetisieren und guten Content zu fördern. Auch für den Nutzer ist diese Lösung ideal, weil man nur bezahlt, wenn man die Dienstleistung überhaupt benutzt. Des Weiteren gibt es viele "Neue" Features, die so bisher nur auf solchen "neuen" Podcast Plattformen zu finden sind. Zum Beispiel gibt es Kapitelmarken, referenzierte Musik-Tracks und Livestreams, und ausserdem kann man auch Kommentare hinterlassen, was die Interaktion zwischen Creator verbessert!

Strike: Cash App

Man kann sich Strike vorstellen wie Paypal nur mit dem entscheidenden unterschied, dass das ganze auf Bitcoin läuft. Strike ermöglicht es heute schon tausenden von Menschen auf einfachste Art und Weise Geld über die ganze Welt zu versenden und das mit dem solidesten Geld, was es überhaupt gibt, das schöne ist, dass die Werte auch wirklich verschickt werden. Hierzu ein kleiner Exkurs aus dem aktuellen Bankensystem: Wenn jemand aus Europa jemandem Geld in Amerika schicken will, verlässt das Geld das Land nicht. Man braucht für einen Internationalen Banktransfer immer einen Gegenspieler, welcher Geld aus Amerika nach Europa schicken möchte. Diesen Vorgang nennt man ’’Clearing’’. Meistens ist das kein Problem, da viele Transaktionen das Land verlassen aber auch kommen, aufgrund dieser Liquidität geht das zumindest in Industrieländern ganz gut. Entwicklungsländer haben hier schon eher Schwierigkeiten und werden Teilweise sogar aus dem Bankensystem ausgeschlossen (Siehe Iran Swift Sanctions) Ein weiterer Vorteil der sich durch Strike ergibt, ist das die Zahlungen fast keine Gebühren verursachen. Diese sind meist im Cent / Rappen Bereich.

Sphinx /Juggernout: Chat App

Die beiden Apps versuchen ein WhatsApp mit absoluter Privatsphäre zu bauen. Um dies zu erreichen wird die Channelfunktion von Lightning benutzt, weil diese nur von den zwei Parteien eingesehen werden kann und mit höchstmöglicher Privatsphäre durch die Blockchain gesichert wird. Diese Services kosten zwar etwas, aber mit der eigenen Lightning Node (Knotenpunkt) sind diese Kosten sehr gering und liegen ebenfalls im Cent / Rappen Bereich.

Edit: Spinx und Juggernout konnten sich bis anhin leider nie durchsetzen.

Originally Published 21.05.21

@ e373ca41:b82abcc5

“War is a way of deception”, knew the Chinese strategist Sun Tzu (also: Sunzi). He left the world a collection of war lists that are still valid today. Fighting is not an act of clashing mere physical strength and power, but of cleverness and cunning.

“If you intend to do something, do it as if you didn't intend to do it. If you want something, do it as if you weren't going to use it.”

This also includes being weak when you are actually strong and, depending on the situation, sometimes being strong when you are actually weak.

Are you over it?

Many people feel that we are now “somehow out of the woods”. Trump will “drain the swamp” and ensure peace and prosperity. Kennedy will make America (and then the world?) healthy again. Elon Musk will take humanity to a new level (and Mars) and save freedom of speech in the process. Bitcoin will now only go up forever, etc. But everyone knows that the world is rarely as black and white as we would like it to be in our heads.

Instead, we are witnessing the emergence of a new oligarchy, which is opposed to the old oligarchy and is partly intertwined with it. A cycle of elites, as described a hundred years ago by the theorists Mosca, Pareto and Michels. All elites serve themselves above all, the citizen and his interests are played out in the spaces in between. It is not a sign of civic maturity to hope for better rulers. Behind this is the naïve dream of the selfless “philosopher king”, which has occasionally existed in history, but very rarely. The tyrant was much more common.

Nobody knows the future, but many like to take a sip from the hopium bottle. Hope can be a drug that blocks the view of reality, even if it gives you a feeling of confidence at first. The most difficult time is when power changes hands. An old squad steps down and a new one takes over. The incipient loss of power by the old squad can degenerate into a death struggle that can be devastating. Real power does not materialize exclusively in leadership figures, these are placeholders. The invisible centers of power can be found in lobby groups, in interest groups, in administrative structures. These tend to remain unaffected by elections. Invisible power is the great unknown in the game of power; it determines the inertia or dynamics of the system.

(The daily hypocrisy of Big Tech)

Recently there was an interesting conversation between Joe Rogan and Marc Andreesen. Andreesen is something like the godfather of “Silicon Valley”, the most successful investor in start-ups such as Facebook & Co. He talked about how the Biden administration wanted to bring AI completely under the control of the state and about the fact that around 30 crypto entrepreneurs in America have lost their bank accounts. They are considered “pep”, aka “politically exposed persons”. In short, they are a thorn in the side of the power apparatus for some reason and are therefore on the blacklist. They are not told exactly why and by whom they were expelled, only that they are out of the system.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ye8MOfxD5nU

The invisible centers of power

This is “administrative power” par excellence. The apparatus of power acts like an organism, it simply eliminates those who could be harmful in terms of power politics, removes the ability to act and reduces the radius of action to almost zero. Without a bank account, you can't get far “in the system”, you can no longer operate economically, you can't even rent an apartment. Who makes this decision? Nobody knows. In Germany, too, a number of people have been similarly cut off, from activists to journalists. The best-known example is Querdenken-founder Michael Ballweg. Everything was taken from him (except his Bitcoin).

---

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Rogan's reaction was extremely surprising: “Wow, wow, wow”. He was completely taken aback and seemed to be hearing about it for the first time. If this is true for Rogan, how great is the ignorance of the rest of the population about the secret mechanisms of power? As Sun Tsu said:

“If you know yourself but not the enemy, you will suffer defeat for every victory you win. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will lose every battle.”

How well do we know ourselves and the enemy? In any case, the amount of unknown ignorance is much greater than the amount of positive knowledge.

A lot can still happen before the “change of power” in America, and after that anyway. Change rarely comes from above and is hardly ever “in the bag”, but is a very lengthy process. Pandemic whisperer Peter Hotez is already listing a litany of new possible pandemics, and he can hardly wait. Christian Drosten and Georg Mascolo's discussion book also already has the next pandemics in its subtitle. So far, Germany has not experienced any kind of reappraisal of the pandemic, although there is a great need for this among the population (alarmingly low among academics, by the way). The process of coming to terms with the pandemic is being transferred to reappraisal simulations, which are being administered as a media sedative.

(After all: the majority wants clarification, the highest rate of brainwashing is achieved by academics, i.e. Zeit readers (Screenshot: Zeit.de)

The reappraisal simulation

The most recent example of this is the two-part Deutschlandfunk program about the RKI protocols. The program simulates a meeting between critics and perpetrators. In reality, they never meet, but express themselves in separate parts. In Part 1 (“The Suspicion”), the leakers of the protocols, such as Aya Velazquez (a stage name, by the way, also strange for a journalist) and Paul Schreyer from Multipolar, have their say. Deutschlandfunk also takes care of the framing, degrading facts to opinions. For example, they pretend that it is Paul Schreyer's opinion that there were planning games in the run-up to the pandemic. But it is a fact (Event 201).

In the second part, the pandemic actors and their supporters have their say without contradiction. The second part is entitled “Classification”, a favorite term of the mainstream. But nothing is classified here. Instead, the old mainstream framing is rehashed without contradiction. Christian Drosten was one of the main participants in the cover-up of the true origin of the pandemic, actively participating in conference calls with Fauci & Co. and deceiving the public (and a court in the Wiesendanger trial) about his role.

In his book from June 2024, he still repeats the fairy tale of the natural coronavirus origin. FBI, CIA and the study by a committee of the US House of Representatives see it differently? Not a peep from the “classifying” Deutschlandfunk. Lauterbach continues to throw sand in the eyes and ears of the listener, justifying the political upgrading of the danger situation with compliant experts. In addition, the Americanist Michael Butter is allowed to pour some of his usual sauce on the subject of conspiracy theorists. Conspiracy theorists are, of course, the critics, because they are looking for a “smoking gun”. Anyone looking for evidence has to look like a crank. He says nothing about the conspiracy practitioner Drosten and his Fauci-Zoomcalls.

The time of the alleged transitions is the time for maximum vigilance. As Ludwig Börne said: “Losing a delusion makes you wiser than finding the truth.”

Society as a whole is not even halfway to shedding its own self-delusion.

---

This article by Milosz Matuschek first appeared in German on Freischwebende Intelligenz.

---

Join the marketplace of ideas! We are building a publishing ecosystem on Nostr for citizen-journalism, starting with a client for blogging and newsletter distribution. Sound money and sound information should finally be in the hands of the people, right? Want to learn more about the Pareto Project? Zap me, if you want to contribute (all Zaps go to the project).

Update: Since my last article on the Pareto project, we have received more than 50 messages from publications, journalists, authors, testers and supporters. Thank you very much, we are happy to help everyone become censorship-resistant! May just take a little time. Are you a publication and want to be part of it, test us, migrate your content to Nostr? Write to team@pareto.space

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@ 6f3670d9:03f04036

Disclaimer: - This will void your warranty - There might be differences between the Bitaxe and the Lucky Miner that might not cause issues or damage immediately, but might manifest long-term - Proceed at your own risk

---

A Different Pickaxe

You live in a place where it's difficult to get a Bitaxe. You have access to AliExpress. You look around. You find something called the "Lucky Miner LV06". A Bitaxe clone that uses the same mining chip as the Bitaxe Ultra (BM1366 ASIC). You buy one.

You plug it in, you enter your wallet address and other settings, and it starts mining. It works! Great!

But it's running a customized firmware. It's not AxeOS. Maybe there's something shady in the stock firmware. It's not open-source, after all. Also, AxeOS looks amazing... And that automatic pool fail-over feature is handy.

You think to yourself: "Maybe I can use the Bitaxe firmware on this?". Guess what? You're right!

Flashing From Web UI

What usually works for me is to: - Download the Bitaxe firmware files (esp-miner.bin and www.bin) from GitHub (here). Version 2.4.1 seems to work well, as of this writing. - Then from the Lucky Miner web interface, upload the "Website" (www.bin) file. - Wait for a minute or two after it's done uploading. - Upload the "Firmware" (esp-miner.bin) file. - Wait another minute or two. - Unplug the power and plug it back in. - Set the "Core Voltage" and "Frequency" to the defaults. - Unplug the power and plug it back in again.

If you're lucky (no pun intended), you'll have a working Lucky Miner with AxeOS. Update the settings and mine away!

However, often times I've been unlucky, like what happened while I was writing this article, ironically. The miner malfunctions for no obvious reason. It keeps rebooting, or it's not mining (zero/low hashrate), or the web interface is inaccessible. You name it.

The miner has become a "brick". How do you "unbrick" it?

When you brick a Bitaxe, you can recover it by flashing (uploading) a "Factory Image". The Bitaxe has a USB port that makes this easy. Follow the guide and it should come back to life again. Unfortunately, the Lucky Miner LV06 doesn't have a USB port. It has a serial port, though. We'll have to get our hands a bit dirty.

Flashing Using the Serial Port

We need to connect the serial port of the miner to a computer and run a program to flash (upload) the firmware file on the miner. Any 3.3v UART serial port should be sufficient. Unfortunately, PCs don't usually come with a UART serial port these days, let alone a 3.3v one. The serial port common in old computers is an RS-232 port, which will most probably fry your miner if you try to connect it directly. Beware.

In my case, as a serial port for my PC, I'm using an Arduino Due I had lying around. We connect it to the PC through USB, and on the other side we connect a few wires to the miner, which gives the PC access to the miner.

WARNING: Make sure your serial port is 3.3v or you will probably kill the miner. Arduino Uno is 5v not 3.3v, for example, and cannot be used for this.

Wiring

First, we need to open the Lucky Miner. Use a small flat screwdriver to gently push the two plastic clips shown in the picture below. Gently pry the top cover away from the bottom cover on the clips side first, then remove the other side. Be careful not to break the display cable.

Once the cover is off, you can find the miner's serial port in the top right corner (J10), as shown in the next picture. We'll also need the reset button (EN).

There are three screws holding the PCB and the bottom cover together. If you're confident in your ability to push the small button on the underside of the PCB with the bottom cover on, then no need to remove these. The following picture shows what we need from that side.

And the next picture shows the pins and USB port we will use from the Arduino.

Now, we need to connect: - The USB port on the Arduino labelled "programming" to the PC - Pin 18 (TX1) on the Arduino to J10 through-hole pad 5 (blue dot) - Pin 19 (RX1) on the Arduino to J10 through-hole pad 3 (green dot) - Any GND pin on the Arduino to J10 through-hole pad 4 (yellow dot)

I didn't need to solder the wires to the pads. Keeping everything stable, perhaps by putting a weight on the wires or a bit of tape, was sufficient in all my attempts.

Setting up the Arduino

To use the Arduino as a serial port for our PC, we'll have to make it pass-through data back and forth between the USB port and UART1, where we connected the miner.

The following steps are all done on a PC running Debian Linux (Bookworm), in the spirit of freedom and open-source.

First, we start the Arduino IDE. If the package for the Arduino Due board is not already installed, you'll see a small prompt at the bottom. Click "Install this package".

Click the "Install" button.

Once the package is installed, click "Close".

Next, we select the Due board. Click the "Tools" menu, select "Board", select "Arduino ARM (32-bits) Boards" and click "Arduino Due (Programming Port)"

Next, we select the port. Click the "Tools" menu again, select "Port", and click the port where the Arduino is connected. In my case it was "/dev/ttyACM0".

Now we need to upload the following code to the Arduino board. The code is actually the "SerialPassthrough" example from the IDE, but with the serial speed changed to match the miner.

``` void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); Serial1.begin(115200); }

void loop() { if (Serial.available()) { // If anything comes in Serial (USB), Serial1.write(Serial.read()); // read it and send it out Serial1 }

if (Serial1.available()) { // If anything comes in Serial1 Serial.write(Serial1.read()); // read it and send it out Serial (USB) } } ```

Copy/paste the code into the IDE and click upload. You'll see "Done uploading" at the bottom.

Next we'll test if we're receiving data from the miner. We start by opening the "Serial Monitor" from the "Tools" menu in the IDE. Then we change the baudrate to 115200.

Set the Arduino and the miner in a comfortable position, make sure the wires are held in place and got a good contact on both sides, and the power is plugged in.

Now we'll put the miner in "download" mode. Press and hold the button on the underside (K1), press and release the reset button (EN), then release the other button (K1).

You should see some text from the miner in the serial monitor window, like in the picture below.

Congratulations! We know we're able to receive data from the miner now. We're not sure transmit is working, but we'll find out when we try to flash.

Flashing Using the Serial Port, for Real

To flash the Lucky Miner we'll need a software tool named esptool and the factory image firmware file.

I usually use "esp-miner-factory-205-v2.1.8.bin" for the factory image (this one) as a base, and then flash the version I want from the Web UI, using the steps I mentioned earlier.

For esptool, the documentation (here) shows us how to install it. To make things a little easier on our Debian Linux system, we'll use pipx instead of pip. The instructions below are adapted for that.

First we make sure pipx is installed. Run this command in a terminal and follow the instructions:

sudo apt-get install pipx

Then we install esptool using pipx. Run the following in a terminal:

pipx install esptool

The output will be something like this:

user@pc:~$ pipx install esptool installed package esptool 4.8.1, installed using Python 3.11.2 These apps are now globally available - esp_rfc2217_server.py - espefuse.py - espsecure.py - esptool.py ⚠️ Note: '/home/user/.local/bin' is not on your PATH environment variable. These apps will not be globally accessible until your PATH is updated. Run `pipx ensurepath` to automatically add it, or manually modify your PATH in your shell's config file (i.e. ~/.bashrc). done! ✨ 🌟 ✨

We can see pipx telling us we won't be able to run our tool because the folder where it was installed is not in the PATH variable. To fix that, we can follow pipx instructions and run:

pipx ensurepath

And we'll see something like this:

``` user@pc:~$ pipx ensurepath Success! Added /home/user/.local/bin to the PATH environment variable.

Consider adding shell completions for pipx. Run 'pipx completions' for instructions.

You will need to open a new terminal or re-login for the PATH changes to take effect.

Otherwise pipx is ready to go! ✨ 🌟 ✨ ```

Now, close the terminal and re-open it so that esptool becomes available.

Finally, to actually flash the miner, put the miner in download mode, then in the following command change the port ("/dev/ttyACM0") to your serial port, as we've seen earlier, and the file path to where your firmware file is, and run it:

esptool.py -p /dev/ttyACM0 --baud 115200 write_flash --erase-all 0x0 ~/Downloads/esp-miner-factory-205-v2.1.8.bin

If everything went fine, the tool will take a few minutes to flash the firmware to the miner. You'll see something like this in the output:

``` user@pc:~$ esptool.py -p /dev/ttyACM0 --baud 115200 write_flash --erase-all 0x0 ~/Downloads/esp-miner-factory-205-v2.1.8.bin esptool.py v4.8.1 Serial port /dev/ttyACM0 Connecting..... Detecting chip type... ESP32-S3 Chip is ESP32-S3 (QFN56) (revision v0.2) Features: WiFi, BLE, Embedded PSRAM 8MB (AP_3v3) Crystal is 40MHz MAC: 3c:84:27:ba:be:01 Uploading stub... Running stub... Stub running... Configuring flash size... Erasing flash (this may take a while)... Chip erase completed successfully in 9.5s Compressed 15802368 bytes to 1320190... Wrote 15802368 bytes (1320190 compressed) at 0x00000000 in 152.1 seconds (effective 831.2 kbit/s)... Hash of data verified.

Leaving... Hard resetting via RTS pin... ```

And we're done! Hopefully the miner will be recovered now.

Hope this helps!

Stay humble,
dumb-package

A Warning About Beta Versions of AxeOS

For reasons unknown to me, while I was writing this article I wanted to try the testing version of AxeOS, which was v2.4.1b (beta). Flashing from Web UI went smooth, but the miner stopped mining. I flashed back to v2.1.8 using the serial port, a known good version for me, but it wouldn't mine, still.

Thankfully, v2.4.1 was released recently, and flashing it from the Web UI magically revived my miner. So, be warned.

Bonus: File Hashes

For convenience, these are the SHA256 hashes of the files I used in this article: ``` da24fceb246f3b8b4dd94e5143f17bd38e46e5285e807ebd51627cb08f665c0a ESP-Miner-v2.4.1/esp-miner.bin 16c5c671391f0e3e88a3e79ce33fad3b0ec232b8572fad5e1e0d1ad3251ab394 ESP-Miner-v2.4.1/www.bin

d5182a15b6fa21d7b9b31bff2026d30afed9d769781a48db914730a5751e20c6 esp-miner-factory-205-v2.1.8.bin ```

@ 6f3670d9:03f04036

This is my first long-form post. The starting line.

There's nothing of value here. Just using this as a marker.

I hope to post a lot more. Documenting how I made something work would be very useful to me, and hopefully others, but I've been too lazy to do that. Wish me luck!

Stay humble,
dumb-package

@ 182052d2:e48c3d7a

I have been immersed in role-playing games for over twenty years, and I always thought that this interest would naturally fade as I transitioned into adulthood. Clearly, I was wrong. Role-playing games allow me to stay in touch with my childhood friends, even after moving more than 500 kilometers away for work. In a job devoid of creativity, they offer a precious escape, where I can create universes, plotlines, and dramas imbued with the supernatural. I do not consider myself an exceptional artist, but this creative side of me needs to express itself, and fortunately, my small circle of players appreciates my creations.

The game that evolves with its players

I remember my first tabletop role-playing game as if it were yesterday. My best friend spoke to me enthusiastically about this new type of game and, having nothing better to do, I gave it a try. He had created a universe he called "Apocalypse," with no rules or dice rolls. "Suddenly, a demon appears before you! Do you shoot at it before fleeing to the sewers?!" Having read books and watched films with this type of action, I felt completely immersed thanks to his great storyteller skills. Paradoxically, I was just saying "Yes!" to each of his questions, but I was captivated. I didn't want to stop. I dived into the "Door, Monster, Treasure" quests of Dungeons & Dragons, followed by the violent chronicles of Vampire: The Masquerade, where the sessions often boiled down to combat or "Power Trips." Over time, the narrative aspect took on an increasingly important role. I remember feeling emotions as strong as those of my character. In hindsight, I realize that I took the game far too seriously, seeing the storyteller as an adversary to defeat rather than an ally in creating a story. Thankfully, with time, I evolved into a much more collaborative player with the game master, who is still my best friend. As a storyteller, I enjoy analyzing the players and what moves them. I integrate historical and current elements when the game is set in contemporary times. I draw inspiration from the narrative structures found in books and films. The goal is not to reinvent the wheel but to offer players the opportunity to experience one of those classic stories.

The family

Some of my nieces and nephews, as well as my sons, were intrigued by Dungeons & Dragons. So, I decided to create a tailored One-Shot for them. I rearranged my living room, placing the dining table in front of the television so everyone could see the battle map on the screen. Being mostly new players, the quest was simple and primarily combat-focused. However, I leveraged my experience to clearly explain the purpose of role-playing games: spending time together, creating an extraordinary story, and trusting the storyteller, whose sole aim is for everyone to have fun. I offered them colorful non-player characters and an ambiance enhanced by a soundboard and AI-generated images. I cherish this memory and hope to create another One-Shot sometime soon.

What it represents for me?

Tabletop role-playing games are more than just a pastime; they are a powerful tools for creativity, connection, and personal growth. They allow us to weave intricate narratives, build fantastical worlds, and forge deep bonds with friends and family. As we navigate the complexities of modern life, these games provide a sanctuary where imagination reigns supreme, and every roll of the dice brings a new adventure. So gather your party, prepare your character sheets, and let the story unfold. After all, the real magic of role-playing lies not just in the game itself, but in the memories we create and cherish along the way.

@ 5188521b:008eb518

My experience of daily posting on LinkedIn started around three years ago, when I became more serious about my coaching business. In that time, I amassed 25,000 followers and garnered around 3 million impressions on my writing.

It was a wild ride, but now it’s time to leave the theme park.

Reasons I Quit Posting on LinkedIn

Here they are, in no particular order:

1. I went from coach to ghostwriter. 2024 threw up an unexpected career change. Since 2018, I've been a coach, moving from teaching English as a foreign language to working with groups of multilingual pro writers looking for better opportunities.

Coaching is a tough industry (maybe I'll write about that someday). My idea was to write more meaningful words and less copy to market my coaching business. Ultimately, writing to develop the Bitcoin ecosystem is what I find meaningful, and writing for hire doesn't require as much copywriting as being a coach.

With a solid portfolio, contacts, and profile, potential clients can see your results. You don't need to attract a ton of inbound leads by writing funny bits and wow-inducing educational posts on LinkedIn.

1. Time constraints Because of my own book marketing, new client work, and projects like 21 Futures, I can't dedicate my creative efforts and several hours per week to writing on LinkedIn.

That time works better for me elsewhere.

1. Worsening distribution 'Creators' (a.k.a. active posters with many followers) often say changes to the algorithm don't matter. 'Get on with it. Adapt and move forward.'

I'd be lying if I said I'm happy seeing statistics for my posts plummet. In 2022 and 2023, a successful carousel might net 20,000 views with over 150 likes and 50+ comments. Now, an exceptional post for me attracts 5,000 views with 50 likes.

I won't bore you with charts and statistics, but this is an average, based on hundreds of posts. It seems LinkedIn is reducing the reach of big accounts in favour of tighter networks and distributing the work of those with <5k followers. That's fine. Perhaps that will make the platform less showy, and less boastful, finally ridding us of fake stories, surprising hacks, and ultimate guides.

Still, It makes creative types like me feel like failures. Does an 80% decrease in distribution seem fair for the three years of daily effort I've put in? Should I keep struggling for diminishing returns? No. Creative people must seek the best return on investment for their time.

The lesson? Distribution is more important than follower numbers.

I've also quit Medium, where I have 2,000 followers and regularly receive single-digit reads on my posts.

1. LinkedIn values machines over humans. Cost-cutting, extracting value, and planning for a robotic future. That's Microsoft's MO.

Despite being a social network with over 1 billion users, LinkedIn seemingly relies on automated support to make decisions on which content, people, and ideas are allowed on the platform.

Users' data is parsed without their express consent.\ LinkedIn seems desperate for us to use generative AI to express our 'insight'.\ We are constantly bombarded by LLM drivel and boring machine-made content. If you can't be bothered to write it, why should I bother to read it?

As somebody who brands himself a human-centric writer, why would I offer up personal takes and stories writing for free in an AI-filled swamp?

---

What's next?

So I'm giving up posting on LinkedIn.

With that said, it can still produce a great benefit for its users, especially those in the bitcoin space.

Why? The ability to search for potential connections, present your profile, and share your expertise can make a huge difference to your work - investment, partnership, and customers.

If you have a smaller network and have the need to share personal takes, opinions, and expertise, posting on LinkedIn is worth it. So few are doing this in bitcoin, the opportunities in 2025 are mind-boggling.

Next year, thousands of new startups and ventures will be vying for our attention. Those who can build trust and stay true to their message will win. And if LinkedIn stops working, you can always take your followers elsewhere.

If you have read and enjoyed my words here on LinkedIn in the last three years, thank you.

It has been a much-needed creative outlet and has brought me opportunities, laughs, knowledge, new colleagues, and friends. I'll still be stalking your posts and writing sarcastic comments.

---

Where can you find me:

Bitcoin writing - X, StackerNews 21futures.com\ NOSTR - npub12xy9yxej6s9hgzsn3rfyfc3xgtdr29wqlvulquzhz2fhqqywk5vqnyvqut),

Totallyhumanwriter.com - website coming soon.

Maximum Freedom, Minimum Bullshit on Substack.

And you can reach me via email at philipcharterauthor@gmail.com

I'm interested to know your thoughts and plans for 2025. Where will you be writing and why?

@ ebdee929:513adbad

Blue light is not inherently bad, just bad in the wrong context.

Blue light provides wakefulness, stimulation, and sets our internal body clock (circadian rhythm).

When we go outside in the sun, we get bathed in blue lightblue light is not inherently bad, just bad in the wrong context.

Blue light sets the human rhythm.

However, sunlight never gives us blue light without the rest of the visible rainbow + infrared.

Light from screens & LED bulbs do not contain any infrared, and has a unnaturally high proportion of blue light.

LEDs = unbalanced & blue light dominant

Light from artificial sources is especially disruptive at night time, where the high blue light component can interfere with melatonin production and sleep quality at a greater rate than lower energy colors of light. Blue Light has a Dark Side

This doesn't mean that red light is completely innocent of disrupting sleep either

It is both the spectrum of light AND the intensity of light that contributes to sleep disruption. See this tweet from Huberman.

We took all of this into account when building the DC-1 to be the world's first blue light free computer.

The DC-1 has a reflective screen that:

• emits ZERO light during the day

• can be used easily outside in direct sunlight

& a backlight that:

• can be 100% blue light free

• has a broad spectrum of light

• can be seen at very low brightness

Our Live Paper™ display technology feels like a magic piece of paper

During the day, that piece of paper is illuminated by sunlight. At night, that piece of paper is illuminated by candle light.

(backlight is converging with a candle light spectrum)

The two sources of natural light are sunlight & fire.

We are trying to reproduce this experience for the most enjoyable, healthy, and least invasive technology experience for humanity.

Root cause problem solving by emulating nature.

"But can't I just put a red light screen filter on my MacBook?"

Absolutely you can, and we advocate for it

Software screen filters are great, but anyone who has changed their screen to full “red mode” to get rid of the blue light knows the downsides to this…

You can barely see anything and you end up having to crank up the brightness in order to see any contrast.

This is because of the highly isolated nature of LED emissive screens, you can only isolate a very narrow band of colors.

Going full red is not something your eyes have ever been used to seeing.

You need a broad spectrum light solution, and that is what we have in our amber backlight while still being blue light free.

This means you can have a better visual experience, turn down the brightness, and get minimal sleep/circadian disruption.

What about FLICKER?

Nearly all LEDs flicker. Especially when changing in brightness due to Pulsed Width Modulation (PWM) LED driver control

Our LED backlight uses DC dimming & is expert verified flicker-free.

This can only be achieved through hardware changes, not software screen filters.

& Blue Light Blocking Glasses?

They need to be tinted orange/red to block all of the blue light.

Thus the same issues as screen filters (bad visual experience, not solving flicker) + average joe would never wear them.

We still love blue blockers, they just aren't a root cause solution.

We made a computer that is healthier and less stimulating, with a low barrier to entry

Whether you are a staunch circadian health advocate or just like the warm vibes of amber mode and being outside...the DC-1 just feels good because it doesn't make you feel bad :)

Learn more here and thanks for reading.

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

O nosso amigo Camilo Lourenço, voltou a dedicar mais um programa ao Santo Graal de todos os influencers de finanças pessoais, os juros compostos. Para não fugir à regra, utilizaram o mesmo exercício para explicar o que é os juros compostos.

O exercício: Preferia receber?

2 milhões de euros agora. ou 1 cêntimo a duplicar todos os dias, durante 30 dias

---

Este exercício é interessante, o primeiro instinto leva-nos a escolher os 2 milhões, é o efeito Marshmallow. Mas fazendo as contas, o 1 cêntimo vai transformar-se em:

€0.01 x 2^(29) = €5368709.12

Ao fim de 30 dias seriam mais de 5 milhões!!

Depois das contas feitas parece que a melhor escolha é o 1 cêntimo, mas será mesmo a melhor escolha?

Padrão FIAT

Para já vou olhar para o exercício com um olhar fiduciário. Como diz o Camilo, o juro composto é algo que se estuda nas faculdades, com um pensamento exclusivamente keynesiano. Só que este exercício só funciona na teoria, apenas dentro das faculdades, esquecendo por completo, da complexidade do mundo real e das economias.

Para este exercício ser condizente com a realidade que todos os seres humanos sentem na pele, falta uma premissa na equação, que é essencial, a inflação da moeda. Num cenário com uma valorização de 100% (como no exercício), a inflação real deve rondar no mínimo de 20%. Como o imobiliário é um dos ativos que melhor preserva o poder de compra perante a inflação. Ao optar por recever os 2 milhões e comprar de imediato um casa:

€2M x 1.2^(29) = €395 627 189

Assim, ao fim de 30 dias, a casa já valeria mais de €395 milhões, um resultado muito superior aos juros compostos, que valeriam €5 milhões. Este é o grande problema do mundo keynesiano, utiliza um unidade de medida (moeda) que muda ao longo do tempo, que desvirtua por completo qualquer conta ou estatística que se faça.

Padrão Bitcoin

Agora, vou olhar para o exercício com um olhar de bitcoiner.

Preferia receber?

2 btc agora. ou 1 sat a duplicar todos os dias, durante 30 dias

Curiosamente este exercício, o juro composto funciona na perfeição no padrão Bitcoin.

Imediato: no 1º dia, os 2 btc equivale a ~0,0000095% da base monetária no 30º dia, os 2 btc equivale a ~0,0000095% da base monetária

Juros Compostos: no 1º dia, 1 sat equivale a ~0,0000000000000476% da base monetária no 30º dia, os 5.36 btc equivale a ~0,0000255% da base monetária

Aqui sem dúvida nenhuma, os juros compostos seriam a melhor escolha, porque a base monetária não aumenta. No padrão bitcoin, os juros compostos funcionam…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RT5bV-w6bcY

@ b4403b24:83542d4e

As we bid farewell to 2024, let’s celebrate the memories, lessons, and triumphs it brought us. May 2025 shine even brighter, bringing you joy, success, and endless opportunities.

Here’s to new beginnings, cherished moments, and a year filled with happiness. Cheers to 2025! 🥂

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/831699

@ 468f729d:5ab4fd5e

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

การให้ที่ไม่ได้หวังสิ่งตอบแทนและความสุขที่ได้จากการปล่อยวางอัตตา สิ่งนี้ไม่เพียงเปลี่ยนชีวิตคุณแต่ยังสร้างสังคมที่เสรีและยั่งยืนได้ด้วย...

!(image)[https://m.primal.net/NIvl.png] ...การให้ โดยไม่หวังผลตอบแทน เป็นการแสดงออกถึงความเมตตาและความเข้าใจในคุณค่าของการเสียสละโดยไม่ยึดติด สะท้อนถึงแนวคิดของเสรีภาพส่วนปัจเจก (Individual Liberty) และความรับผิดชอบส่วนบุคคล (Personal Responsibility) ซึ่งเป็นหัวใจสำคัญของอิสรนิยม ( #Libertarianism ) ในสังคมที่เคารพความเป็นอิสระ การให้ธรรมทาน เช่น การแบ่งปันความรู้หรือแนวคิด โดยปราศจากการบังคับหรือคาดหวังผลตอบแทน เป็นการกระทำที่แสดงถึงความรับผิดชอบต่อการสร้างสรรค์สังคมที่ดีขึ้นโดยสมัครใจ

ธรรมทานและตลาดเสรีแห่งความคิด

ธรรมทานสามารถเปรียบเสมือน "ตลาดเสรี" ของความคิด...ที่ผู้คนมีเสรีภาพในการแสดงความคิดเห็น แบ่งปันข้อมูลและส่งเสริมความเข้าใจร่วมกัน ในสภาพแวดล้อมนี้ทุกคนมีสิทธิที่จะเลือกให้หรือรับข้อมูลโดยไม่มีการควบคุมจากอำนาจส่วนกลาง เช่น รัฐบาล การเปิดกว้างต่อความคิดใหม่ ๆ ช่วยสร้างบรรยากาศที่เอื้อต่อการพัฒนาปัญญาและทำให้แต่ละบุคคลสามารถใช้ศักยภาพของตนเพื่อประโยชน์ของสังคมโดยรวม

การเคารพความหลากหลายและการไม่ยึดติด

ในระบบที่เน้นเสรีภาพ การเคารพความคิดเห็นที่แตกต่างเป็นสิ่งสำคัญ การยอมรับว่าความคิดเห็นและแนวคิดมีหลากหลาย ช่วยลดความขัดแย้งและสร้างบรรยากาศแห่งความร่วมมือ การไม่ยึดติดกับความคิดเห็นของผู้อื่นยังช่วยให้เรามีจิตใจที่สงบและเปิดรับความเปลี่ยนแปลงในสังคมที่มีความหลากหลายทางความคิด สิ่งนี้สอดคล้องกับหลักการอิสรนิยมที่ส่งเสริมการอยู่ร่วมกันในสังคมที่มีอิสระและความหลากหลาย

ความร่วมมือโดยสมัครใจในโลกเสรี

การมีเมตตาต่อผู้อื่น แม้ในยามที่ความคิดเห็นไม่ตรงกัน เป็นรากฐานสำคัญของการสร้างความร่วมมือโดยสมัครใจ เช่นเดียวกับแนวคิดอิสรนิยม ที่เน้นความสัมพันธ์ที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากการบังคับ แต่เกิดจากความเต็มใจที่จะช่วยเหลือกัน ตัวอย่างที่ชัดเจนคือ การระดมทุนแบบคราวด์ฟันดิ้งที่ผู้คนสามารถรวมพลังกันเพื่อช่วยเหลือผู้อื่นหรือสนับสนุนโครงการที่สร้างสรรค์ โดยไม่ต้องอาศัยการแทรกแซงจากรัฐ

การปรับตัวในโลกที่เปลี่ยนแปลง

การเข้าใจธรรมชาติของความเปลี่ยนแปลง เป็นหัวใจสำคัญของทั้งการให้ธรรมทานและแนวคิดตลาดเสรี ในโลกที่อุปสงค์และอุปทานเปลี่ยนแปลงตลอดเวลา การปล่อยวางจากความยึดมั่นในสิ่งที่ไม่เที่ยงแท้ ช่วยให้เราสามารถปรับตัวได้อย่างยืดหยุ่น เช่นเดียวกับการที่ผู้ประกอบการในตลาดเสรี ต้องปรับตัวให้ทันกับความเปลี่ยนแปลงเพื่อความอยู่รอดและความสำเร็จในระยะยาว

ธรรมทานและอิสรนิยมในการสร้างสังคม

การให้ธรรมทาน ไม่เพียงเป็นการกระทำที่สร้างความสุขส่วนบุคคล แต่ยังเป็นเครื่องมือสำคัญใ นการส่งเสริมสังคมที่เคารพเสรีภาพและความรับผิดชอบส่วนบุคคล การนำแนวคิดนี้มาใช้ในชีวิตประจำวัน เช่น การแบ่งปันความรู้ หรือการช่วยเหลือชุมชนโดยไม่หวังผลตอบแทน จะช่วยสร้างสังคมที่เข้มแข็งและเป็นสังคมที่มีเสรีภาพ การผสมผสานระหว่างการให้ที่บริสุทธิ์ใจและหลักการอิสรนิยมสามารถนำไปสู่การสร้างสังคมที่มีความหลากหลายและยั่งยืนในระยะยาว

ผมเชื่อว่าการให้โดยบริสุทธิ์ใจและการเคารพในเสรีภาพส่วนบุคคล อาจเป็นกุญแจที่ปลดล็อกศักยภาพของมนุษยชาติ ให้ก้าวสู่โลกที่ทุกคนสามารถเติบโตและอยู่ร่วมกันได้อย่างสงบสุขและเป็นอิสระอย่างแท้จริง 🧡

Siamstr

@ 0a821ca3:e0efcce3

Central banks, in particular the ECB, are pushing hard to force a CBDC on their citizens - these citizens are not interested in a CBDC that invades their privacy.

Chaumian e-cash

In 1982, David Chaum published “Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments”.

e-Cash

• Ensures privacy
• Is permissionless
• Can be minted / issued by banks
• Can be developed completely in open source code
• Can be supported by a multitude of (open source) wallets - each bank can enable it in their bank app

e-Cash - Does not enable a holding limit - that is not necessary, as it is not competing with bank accounts - on the contrary: bank client convert a small part of their deposit to ecash, which is non interest bearing - Does not require KYC - which some may consider a problem - this being said, it is issued only by banks that have performed KYC on their clients

David Chaum worked with the SNB to descibe on How to issue a central bank digital currency .

Central banks should consider e-Cash if they want to successfully enable digital payments for their citizens.

The digital p2p value transfer protocol, bitcoin, already has an extensive e-Cash ecosystem. Cashu and the OpenCash Association lead this development, which has so far resulted in a broad range of wallets and mints, that mint "satoshi" tokens and even "euro" tokens. That open source software can perfectly serve as blueprint for a reasonable digital euro.

@ a17fb4ed:c53f7e91

Charcuterie Boards are perfect for parties and easy to create. With just a few basics you can bring great flavor to your next get together. I made this one for my work Christmas party a week ago and it was a hit. The following is the board I built.

Meats

• Italian Dry Salame: A classic charcuterie staple with rich, savory flavors
• Dry Hard Salami Con Vino: A wine-infused salami that adds a sophisticated touch to your board

Cheeses

• Extra Sharp Cheddar: Provides a bold, tangy flavor profile
• Dill Havarti: Offers a creamy texture with a hint of fresh dill
• Boursin Spreadable Garlic and Herb: A soft, flavorful spread perfect for easy enjoyment
• 60 Day Blue Cheese: Adds a strong, distinctive taste to complement the meats

Crackers

• Bruschettini Snack Size Italian Bruschetta Toast: Authentic Italian-style base
• Crunchmaster Original Multi-Seed: A crispy, nutritious option
• Brenton Original with Sea Salt: Classic cracker with a touch of saltiness
• Cabaret Crispy and Buttery: A rich, indulgent cracker choice

Delightful Add-Ons

• Chocolate Covered Cherries: A sweet contrast to savory meats and cheeses
• Local Hive Hot Honey: Adds a spicy-sweet element
• Pitted Olives: Brings a briny, Mediterranean touch

Platter and Serving Essentials

• Wooden Board: Provides a rustic, elegant presentation
• Spoon: Drizzle on the honey
• Spreading Utensils: For soft cheeses and spreads
• Toothpicks: Retrieving the olives
• Bowls: For randoms small items
• Cracker Container: Keeps crackers organized

Final Progression

Remember you can make these boards your own way. Hope you take some of the ideas and create something tasting.

Cheers, Yooper

foodstr #nostr #cheese #salami #charcuterie #crackers #honey

@ 0403c86a:66d3a378

As we kick off the new year and gear up for GSC's Anniversary Celebration on January 11, we’re thrilled to unveil our anticipated list of 11 oN 11 – the 11 athletes who dominated their sports, broke records, and inspired the world in the past year.

These icons didn’t just shine on the field, court, or track – they redefined excellence and left an indelible mark on the global sports landscape.

Our nominees will be revealed daily, follow the countdown to greatness #11oN11

These athletes didn’t just win games – they won hearts, inspired nations, and moved the needle for their respective sports.

✨ Join the conversation and tell us your picks for the most defining athletes of last year! Who inspired YOU the most? Let’s celebrate excellence together as we count down to GSC’s Anniversary on January 11!!!

Global Sports Central 🌐 #11oN11

@ acbcec47:dd305bec

Prepare starter

• 1 part starter (~30g)
• 2 parts wholemeal rye flour (~60g)
• 2 parts warm water (~60g)

Stir well, then leave to stand warm and covered until the volume has almost doubled.

Once the starter has doubled in volume and a light cap has formed, it can be used for the dough.

Ingredients

• Flour (2/3 550/1100 wheat flour, 1/3 997 rye flour) = 600g
• Water: 60% of the flour quantity = 360g warm water
• Starter: 20% of the flour quantity = 120g starter
• Salt: 3% of the flour = 18g

Put the rest of the starter (about 30g) back in the fridge for the next batch. Knead everything well for 5 minutes, then leave to stand warm and covered.

Fermenting

First fermenting phase in one piece until the volume has almost doubled.

Then divide into portions ...

Shape and leave to rise on the baking tray for 1-2 hours.

Baking

• Preheat oven to 230°C (450°F)
• Just before baking, cut in the top of the rolls with a razor blade, so that they can extend

• Bake for 20 min with steam/cover at 210°C (410°F)
• Then remove the steam/cover and bake another 15-20 min at 180°C (360°F)

Enjoy ...

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

เราควรเพิ่มภาษีเพื่อสร้างรัฐสวัสดิการดีไหม...?

ปัจจุบันมีหลายเสียงเรียกร้องให้รัฐเพิ่มภาษี เช่น ภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม (VAT) เพื่อสร้างระบบรัฐสวัสดิการที่ครอบคลุม แต่คำถามสำคัญคือ การเพิ่มภาษี เป็นคำตอบที่ดีที่สุดหรือไม่ ? ผมจะชี้ให้เห็นถึงปัญหาและข้อเสียของการเก็บภาษีในระดับสูง รวมถึงบทบาทของเงินที่ดีกับการส่งเสริมเสรีภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ จากประเด็นดังนี้ครับ

!(image)[https://m.primal.net/NIEE.png]

1. ภาษีคือการขโมย

   ลองจินตนาการว่า คุณทำงานหนักเพื่อหาเงินเดือนที่เพียงพอสำหรับเลี้ยงครอบครัว แต่กลับถูกบังคับให้แบ่งเงินส่วนหนึ่งให้กับใครบางคนโดยที่คุณไม่มีสิทธิ์ปฏิเสธ สิ่งนี้จะทำให้คุณรู้สึกอย่างไร? ในมุมมองของอิสรนิยม ( #Libertarianism ) การเก็บภาษีเป็นการขโมย เพราะเงินที่ได้มาด้วยความยากลำบากของประชาชนถูกยึดไปโดยไม่ได้รับความยินยอม “การทำบุญที่แท้จริงควรเกิดขึ้นด้วยความเต็มใจ” ไม่ใช่จากการบังคับ ประชาชนควรมีเสรีภาพในการจัดสรรทรัพยากรของตนเองเพื่อช่วยเหลือผู้อื่นเมื่อพวกเขาพร้อม หลักการนี้สะท้อนถึงการเคารพสิทธิในทรัพย์สินส่วนบุคคล ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในเสาหลักของอิสรนิยม

2. รัฐสวัสดิการไม่ยั่งยืน

   การใช้ภาษีเพื่อสนับสนุนรัฐสวัสดิการอาจดูเหมือนเป็นการแก้ปัญหาทางสังคมที่ดี แต่ในหลายกรณี เช่น ประเทศกรีซ ระบบรัฐสวัสดิการขนาดใหญ่ที่พึ่งพาภาษีสูงนำไปสู่ปัญหาหนี้สินเกินตัวและความล้มเหลวทางเศรษฐกิจ การเพิ่มภาษีจึงเป็นเพียงการเลื่อนปัญหาไปในอนาคต โดยไม่ได้สร้างความยั่งยืนให้กับระบบ ในทางกลับกัน ตลาดเสรีเสนอทางออกที่ยั่งยืนกว่า โดยไม่สร้างภาระให้กับประชาชนผ่านภาษีที่สูงเกินไป ระบบเศรษฐกิจเสรีเปิดโอกาสให้ประชาชนและธุรกิจสามารถพึ่งพาตนเองได้โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งพาสวัสดิการจากรัฐ และยังช่วยลดการใช้จ่ายเกินตัวของรัฐบาล เพราะทรัพยากรถูกจัดสรรตามกลไกตลาดอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ

3. ภาษีสูงลดแรงจูงใจและสร้างผลกระทบต่อเศรษฐกิจ

   การเพิ่ม VAT ไม่เพียงแต่ทำให้สินค้าราคาแพงขึ้น แต่ยังลดแรงจูงใจของผู้ประกอบการในการขยายธุรกิจ เพราะเมื่อใดที่ต้นทุนเพิ่มขึ้น ในขณะเดียวกัน ผู้บริโภคจะมีกำลังซื้อลดลง ส่งผลเสียต่อการหมุนเวียนเศรษฐกิจโดยรวม นอกจากนี้ยังทำให้เกิดแรงจูงใจในการหลีกเลี่ยงภาษี ซึ่งยิ่งจะทำให้รัฐเสียรายได้ การสนับสนุนตลาดเสรีช่วยแก้ปัญหานี้ได้ เพราะในระบบเสรีภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ ประชาชนสามารถตัดสินใจใช้จ่ายและลงทุนได้โดยไม่ถูกบังคับหรือจำกัดจากภาษีที่สูง การลดภาษีช่วยสร้างแรงจูงใจในการสร้างสรรค์นวัตกรรมและขยายธุรกิจ ซึ่งท้ายที่สุดจะช่วยขับเคลื่อนเศรษฐกิจโดยรวมให้เติบโตอย่างยั่งยืน

4. เครื่องมือคืนอำนาจการเงินให้ประชาชน

   ในโลกที่รัฐสามารถพิมพ์เงินเพิ่มได้ไม่จำกัด และใช้การเก็บภาษีเป็นเครื่องมือในการยึดทรัพย์สิน บิตคอยน์จึงถือเป็น "การเปลี่ยนเกมส์" ที่ทำให้เกิดการคืนอำนาจทางการเงินให้กับประชาชน และลดการใช้อำนาจโดยมิชอบของรัฐ

เพราะบิตคอยน์โปร่งใสและตรวจสอบได้ ทุกคนสามารถตรวจสอบธุรกรรมได้อย่างโปร่งใส ไม่มีใครหรือรัฐบาลก็ไม่สามารถแทรกแซงหรือเปลี่ยนแปลงข้อมูลได้ ไม่มีการลดค่าจากการพิมพ์เงินด้วยจำนวนที่จำกัดเพียง 21 ล้านเหรียญ บิตคอยน์ป้องกันการลดค่าของเงิน (devaluation) จากการพิมพ์เงินเพิ่มเข้าในระบบเศรษฐกิจ บิตคอยน์ได้มอบอิสรภาพทางการเงิน ทำให้ประชาชนสามารถเก็บรักษาทรัพย์สินของตนได้โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งพาธนาคารหรือรัฐ ช่วยป้องกันการยึดเงินหรือการแทรกแซงทางการเงิน เปรียบเทียบง่าย ๆ หากการเก็บภาษีที่สูงเปรียบเสมือนการบังคับให้คุณนำเงินไปฝากในบัญชีที่คุณไม่สามารถควบคุมได้ บิตคอยน์คือกระเป๋าเงินที่คุณเป็นเจ้าของกุญแจเพียงคนเดียว ไม่มีใครยึดหรือแทรกแซงได้

1. ทำไมการพึ่งพาตนเองจึงสำคัญกว่า?

   ระบบรัฐสวัสดิการที่พึ่งพาภาษีสูง มักลดแรงจูงใจของประชาชนในการพึ่งพาตนเอง เช่น การทำงานหนักหรือการสร้างนวัตกรรม ในขณะที่เศรษฐกิจแบบตลาดเสรี ที่ลดการแทรกแซงของรัฐ สามารถสร้างแรงจูงใจให้ประชาชนมีบทบาทสำคัญในสังคม และช่วยเหลือผู้อื่นเมื่อพวกเขาพร้อมอย่างแท้จริง ในบริบทนี้ บิตคอยน์เป็นอีกหนึ่งตัวอย่างที่ส่งเสริมการพึ่งพาตนเอง เพราะช่วยให้ประชาชนสามารถจัดการทรัพย์สินของตนเองได้โดยไม่มีการแทรกแซงจากรัฐหรือระบบธนาคาร ความยืดหยุ่นและเสรีภาพนี้เป็นหัวใจสำคัญของการสร้างสังคมที่เข้มแข็งและพึ่งพาตนเอง

... ดังนั้น การเพิ่มภาษีเพื่อสร้างรัฐสวัสดิ การอาจดูเหมือนเป็นคำตอบ แต่จริง ๆ แล้วมันอาจสร้างปัญหาใหม่ เช่น ประชาชนถูกจำกัดเสรีภาพส่วนบุคคลและทำให้เกิดผลกระทบทางเศรษฐกิจ ในทางกลับกัน ระบบที่เน้นเสรีภาพ ตลาดเสรี การพึ่งพาตนเองและการใช้ "เงินที่ดี" อย่างบิตคอยน์ เป็นทางเลือกที่ยั่งยืนกว่า บิตคอยน์ไม่ได้เป็นเพียงเครื่องมือทางการเงิน แต่ยังเป็นสัญลักษณ์ของการคืนอำนาจการควบคุมทรัพย์สินให้กับประชาชน ซึ่งเป็นหัวใจสำคัญของอิสรนิยม...(ของแท้) 😅

Siamstr

@ 5ee71c0a:b0506ae6

Hey, anyone who reads this—thanks for keeping me (somewhat) accountable.

I’m not big on formal New Year’s resolutions, but I do like to review the past year to see where I’ve done well, where I’m lacking, and what new habits I can form in 2025.

Wait, isn’t that a resolution? Anyway.

One thing that’s always been important to me is freedom of speech. I plan to keep using X/Twitter—yes, it has shortcomings, but so does every platform. None will ever be perfect for everyone.

That said, I believe strongly in decentralization. I’ve been exploring Nostr for the past two years. Now, I want to use it more often, learn its possibilities, and contribute where I can. I’ve also posted this on Habla.news, a Nostr community for long-form content, to encourage myself (and anyone else) to try new platforms and keep an open mind.

There’s a lot happening with Nostr, Lightning, and other Bitcoin-related projects. It reminds me of the early internet—everyone was contributing, and we had no idea what would stick. I miss those days, and it’s exciting to see a new community forming.

Speaking of the early internet, I think it’s time I set up a blog or personal site. It’s been ages! Neocities feels retro and has a growing community, so I might start there.

Work will be busy in 2025—2024 was already intense, and the bar is always rising. So I’m not going to overload myself with extra goals. Still, many of my work goals, like earning new certifications, blend into my personal ambitions.

In 2024, I did well with my health goals. In 2025, I want to build on that, but in small steps. For Q1, I’ll re-establish my Peloton routine; in Q2-Q3, I’ll get back into heavier weight training. I miss lifting and want to push myself again.

I also miss reading—especially sci-fi. It’s high time I make space for that.

So, this is my short list of goals. I’m sure I’ll refine it as the year unfolds. Thanks for reading, and if you want to connect with me on Nostr, here’s my info: nostr:npub1tmn3czhv2wzxvt4mpanttd8parnxgq528c0hzfehfm4rlvzsdtnqghwkhd

@ a4a6b584:1e05b95b

Step 1: Secure Your Device

1. Install an Antivirus Program
   Download and install a trusted antivirus program to scan files for potential malware.
2. For Linux: Calm Antivirus

3. For Windows: CalmWin Antivirus

4. Install a VPN
   A VPN is essential for maintaining privacy and security. It will encrypt your internet traffic and hide your IP address.

5. Recommended: Mullvad VPN, which accepts Bitcoin for anonymous payment.

6. Install a Torrent Program
   You’ll need a torrent client to download files.

7. Recommended: Deluge

8. Install the Tor Browser
   To access The Pirate Bay or its proxies, you’ll need the privacy-focused Tor Browser.

---

Step 2: Prepare Your Setup

• Ensure your VPN is running and connected.
• Open the Tor Browser.
• Launch Deluge to have your torrent client ready.

---

Step 3: Using Tor Go to The Pirate Bay via Onion Service or Find a Trusted Pirate Bay Proxy

Accessing The Pirate Bay directly can be challenging due to restrictions in some regions. Proxy sites often fill the gap. - The Pirate Bay Onion service: http://piratebayo3klnzokct3wt5yyxb2vpebbuyjl7m623iaxmqhsd52coid.onion - Or find a trusted proxy: Use a site like Pirateproxy or a reliable Tor directory for updated lists.

---

Step 4: Search for Linux Distros

1. On The Pirate Bay, navigate to the "OtherOS" category under the Applications section.
2. Enter your desired Linux distro in the search bar (e.g., "Ubuntu," "Arch Linux").

---

Step 5: Select a Torrent

1. Filter the Results:
2. Look for torrents with the highest seeders (SE) and the fewest leechers (LE).

3. Trusted users are marked with a green skull icon—these are usually safe uploads.

4. Copy the Magnet Link:

5. Right-click on the magnet icon next to the trusted torrent and select "Copy Link."

---

Step 6: Start the Download

1. In Deluge, paste the copied magnet link into the “Add Torrent” box.
2. Click OK to start the download.
3. Monitor the progress until the download completes.

---

Step 7: Scan the Downloaded File

Once the file is downloaded: 1. Scan for viruses: Right-click the file and use Calm or CalmWin to verify its integrity.
2. If the file passes the scan, it’s ready for use.

---

Step 8: Manage Your File

• Seed or Remove:
• To help the torrent community, keep seeding the file by leaving it in your torrent client.

• To stop seeding, right-click the file in Deluge and remove it.

• Move for Long-Term Storage: Transfer the file to a secure directory for regular use.

---

Notes on Safety and Ethics

• Verify Legitimacy: Ensure the torrent you are downloading is for an official Linux distribution. Torrents with unusual names or details should be avoided.
• Support the Developers: Consider visiting the official websites of Linux distros (Ubuntu, Arch Linux) to support their work directly.

---

By following these steps, you can safely and privately download Linux distributions while contributing to the open-source community.

@ f3df9bc0:a95119eb

Welcome! 🌱

Interesting places to start: - Latest polished pieces: [[Latest Articles Index]] - Index of all articles by discipline: [[Discipline Index]]

About this site

This site is both a blog & wiki-style digital garden. Some ideas you’ll run into here may be of quality, others will be less interesting, not fully formed, or even just straight wrong. This is intentional. Content here is continuously cultivated and refined as I live my life and gain new experiences, and I welcome challenges to anything I’ve written.

The general idea behind this is that my unstructured thought is fast and divergent, but not coherent, and therefore difficult to use in any practical way. The process of writing is a forcing function for taking divergent thought and bringing it into a form that can be reasoned about, improved upon, or discarded as irrelevant. Stalling this process is counter-productive and can lead to a sort of comatose where the mind is stuck in the abstract, waiting for confidence on a particular strain of thought, but never making any progress.

Therefore there is no set topic for this garden, instead it’s purpose is to serve as an auxiliary brain for any and all topics that I find interesting and worth spending time refining.

Contact

• nostr: slipstream@htlc.io
• farcaster: @htlc

@ 88cc134b:5ae99079

Hello 1

Hello 2

Hello 3

Hello 4

Hello 5

Hello 6

This is a test by nostr:npub13rxpxjc6vh65aay2eswlxejsv0f7530sf64c4arydetpckhfjpustsjeaf that is testing various interoperability of the markdown rendering and NOSTR specific synatx, just to make sure they play nice.

nostr:npub13rxpxjc6vh65aay2eswlxejsv0f7530sf64c4arydetpckhfjpustsjeaf

npub13rxpxjc6vh65aay2eswlxejsv0f7530sf64c4arydetpckhfjpustsjeaf

nostr:npub13rxpxjc6vh65aay2eswlxejsv0f7530sf64c4arydetpckhfjpustsjeaf

here is a link to somewhere so as to see how it would render and here it is bare-bone https://duckduckgo.com/ just to make sure it is nicely parsed.

here is a mention of another article nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpzxvzd935e04fm6g4nqa7dn9qc7nafzlqn4t3t6xgmjkr3dwnyreqqxnzde38qmnsdfk8qmrqwp405km0k and here is a short note: nostr:note1vnqnwzjllzxxufg5e9thz2xspetlplsjq0cn570jswujnmynxjnqmea576

and another one: nostr:note1kyrnyan4hfpn978akv2eqsv8r7rlplaq4j65uxlk3hz5ujk7ehzshwtfmd

and one more foe good mesure: nostr:note1dyrd05nt0tapgye3xn4nssfdasskfr3dm2yqz8e8vdtslpgw3ypsa8e7fh

one like this: note1dyrd05nt0tapgye3xn4nssfdasskfr3dm2yqz8e8vdtslpgw3ypsa8e7fh

here is an event: nostr:nevent1qqsg39vpzl4dz8kwnaerheuavgtqgg6exc4caz8argh6p6jqg549ppqprdmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuam9wd6x2unwvf6xxtnrdakj7hknh7l

Images

and here is one in the middle of the text that continues right after. Just to see how this will render

Some markdown stuff

Emphasis

This is bold text

This is bold text

This is italic text

This is italic text

~~Strikethrough~~

Blockquotes

Blockquotes can also be nested...

...by using additional greater-than signs right next to each other...

...or with spaces between arrows.

Lists

Unordered

• Create a list by starting a line with +, -, or *
• Sub-lists are made by indenting 2 spaces:
• Marker character change forces new list start:
  • Ac tristique libero volutpat at
  • Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
  • Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
• Very easy!

Ordered

1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
2. Consectetur adipiscing elit

3. Integer molestie lorem at massa

4. You can use sequential numbers...

5. ...or keep all the numbers as 1.

Start numbering with offset:

1. foo
2. bar

Code

Inline code

Indented code

// Some comments
line 1 of code
line 2 of code
line 3 of code

Block code "fences"

Sample text here...

Syntax highlighting

js var foo = function (bar) { return bar++; }; var veryVeryVeryLongVariableNameWithALongValueAsWell = 123456789012345678901234567890; console.log(foo(5));

Tables

| Option | Description | | ------ | ----------- | | data | path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. | | engine | engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. | | ext | extension to be used for dest files. |

Right aligned columns

| Option | Description | | ------:| -----------:| | data | path to data files to supply the data that will be passed into templates. | | engine | engine to be used for processing templates. Handlebars is the default. | | ext | extension to be used for dest files. |

[Footnotes]

Footnote 1 link[^first].

Footnote 2 link[^second].

Duplicated footnote reference[^second].

[^first]: Footnote can have markup

and multiple paragraphs.

[^second]: Footnote text.

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

I just read this, and found it enlightening.

Jung... notes that intelligence can be seen as problem solving at an everyday level..., whereas creativity may represent problem solving for less common issues

Other studies have used metaphor creation as a creativity measure instead of divergent thinking and a spectrum of CHC components instead of just g and have found much higher relationships between creativity and intelligence than past studies

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/3/3/59

I'm unusually intelligent (Who isn't?), but I'm much more creative, than intelligent, and I think that confuses people. The ability to apply intelligence, to solve completely novel problems, on the fly, is something IQ tests don't even claim to measure. They just claim a correlation.

Creativity requires taking wild, mental leaps out into nothingness; simply trusting that your brain will land you safely. And this is why I've been at the forefront of massive innovation, over and over, but never got rich off of it.

I'm a starving autist.

Zaps are the first time I've ever made money directly, for solving novel problems. Companies don't do this because there is a span of time between providing a solution and the solution being implemented, and the person building the implementation (or their boss) receives all the credit for the existence of the solution. At best, you can hope to get pawned off with a small bonus.

Nobody can remember who came up with the solution, originally, and that person might not even be there, anymore, and probably never filed a patent, and may have no idea that their idea has even been built. They just run across it, later, in a tech magazine or museum, and say, "Well, will you look at that! Someone actually went and built it! Isn't that nice!"

Universities at least had the idea of cementing novel solutions in academic papers, but that: 1) only works if you're an academic, and at a university, 2) is an incredibly slow process, not appropriate for a truly innovative field, 3) leads to manifestations of perverse incentives and biased research frameworks, coming from 'publish or perish' policies.

But I think long-form notes and zaps solve for this problem. #Alexandria, especially, is being built to cater to this long-suffering class of chronic underachievers. It leaves a written, public, time-stamped record of Clever Ideas We Have Had.

Because they are clever, the ideas. And we have had them.

@ 6bae33c8:607272e8

I missed this game because I was on an overnight flight back to Portugal via Munich last night. Just got in, actually, jetlagged af, so I won’t have too much to say about it. Plus, our bags didn’t make the connecting flight, which is annoying.

• If the Niners score 34 against you, that’s not a good sign for the playoffs. I guess the last TD came in garbage time, but still. I would say Vikings +2.5 this week, but Detroit could easily drop to the fifth seed.

• Brock Purdy is a top-10 NFL QB IMO. I didn’t see this game, but he always passes the eye test for me. (Looks like he got banged up too, but nothing serious.)

• George Kittle is quietly having a huge year on just 91 targets, thanks to 11.9 YPT. Kittle is in the Rob Gronkowski lineage, while Travis Kelce is more Tony Gonzalez (higher volume, less blocking.)

• Ricky Pearsall apparently had a breakout game. They took him in the first round, so it makes sense they’d give him an extended audition while drawing dead. It’s odd that Pearsall and Jauan Jennings are more relevant that Deebo Samuel and the injured Brandon Aiyuk.

• Amon-Ra St. Brown didn’t get a lot of headlines this year, but he’s up to 112-1,186-12 on 8.9 YPT. Not bad.

• Even with David Montgomery out, Jahmyr Gibbs’ workload was fairly modest — 18 carries/four targets. This game didn’t matter to the Lions though. Against the Vikings I should think he’d get a McCaffrey-esque stat line, but we’ll see.

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

พุทธศาสนา… ศาสนาแห่งผู้นำหรือการเป็นทาส ?

บางคนมองว่าพุทธศาสนาเป็น "ศาสนาแห่งผู้นำ" เพราะคำสอนของพระพุทธเจ้าเน้นเรื่อง การพึ่งพาตนเองและการไม่ยึดติดกับสิ่งภายนอก ไม่ว่าจะเป็นผู้อื่นหรือสิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์ พระพุทธเจ้าสอนให้เราเข้าใจว่าเราเป็นผู้รับผิดชอบชีวิตของเราเอง ไม่ใช่ใครอื่น เราเป็นผู้สร้างกรรมดีและกรรมชั่วจากการกระทำของเราเอง สิ่งนี้สะท้อนกับแนวคิดของอิสรนิยมที่เน้นความสำคัญของ เสรีภาพส่วนบุคคลและ ความรับผิดชอบต่อชีวิตของตัวเอง

พุทธศาสนาสอนเรื่องสติและการรู้เท่าทันความคิดของตัวเอง เพื่อให้เราสามารถตัดสินใจได้ถูกต้อง ไม่ว่าจะในเรื่องเล็กหรือเรื่องใหญ่ เมื่อเรามีปัญญา เราก็สามารถเป็น "ผู้นำของตัวเอง" ได้ โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งพาอำนาจจากภายนอกหรือคำชี้นำจากใคร

ในทางกลับกัน บางคนอาจมองว่าพุทธศาสนาเป็น "ศาสนาแห่งการเป็นทาส" เพราะความเข้าใจคำสอนผิดๆ อย่างเช่นคำว่า "ปล่อยวาง" ที่บางคนตีความว่าคือการ "ยอมรับทุกอย่างโดยไม่ทำอะไร" ซึ่งในความจริงแล้ว การปล่อยวางในพุทธศาสนาหมายถึงการรู้เท่าทันความยึดติดของตัวเอง แล้วค่อยๆ ลดความยึดติดนั้นลง มันไม่ได้หมายความว่าเราควรนิ่งเฉยต่อทุกสถานการณ์ แต่หมายถึงการเลือกสิ่งที่ถูกต้องโดยใช้สติและปัญญา

อีกจุดหนึ่งที่บางคนมองว่าเป็นการจำกัดเสรีภาพ คือคำสอนที่ให้พระภิกษุและสามเณรประพฤติพรหมจรรย์ไม่ยึดติดกับวัตถุหรือทรัพย์สมบัติ อาจถูกตีความว่าเป็นการบังคับ แต่ในความเป็นจริง คือทางเลือกที่เกิดจากความสมัครใจ คนที่เลือกวิถีชีวิตแบบนี้คือคนที่เข้าใจและยอมรับว่าการลดความยึดติดกับวัตถุสามารถลดความทุกข์ในชีวิตได้

พุทธศาสนาไม่ว่าจะถูกมองว่าเป็น "ศาสนาแห่งผู้นำ" หรือ "ศาสนาแห่งการเป็นทาส" นั้น ขึ้นอยู่กับการตีความของแต่ละคน แต่ผมว่ามันน่าสนใจมากหากเรามองผ่านเลนส์ของอิสรนิยม (Libertarianism) ก็จะเห็นได้ว่าพุทธศาสนาเน้นเรื่อง เสรีภาพส่วนบุคคลและการพึ่งพาตนเองอย่างชัดเจน การที่เรารู้จักคิดเอง ตัดสินใจเอง และไม่ยึดติดกับอำนาจหรือความเชื่อจากภายนอก คือสิ่งที่ทำให้เราเป็น "ผู้นำของชีวิตตัวเอง" อย่างแท้จริง

Siamstr #ปล่อยวาง #ศาสนาแห่งผู้นำ #ศาสนาแห่งการเป็นทาส

@ fde4c423:40a85910

It’s December 31st, 2024. The end of another year, another cycle. Tomorrow, a new cycle begins, full of adventure and misfortune, ups and downs, inflows and outflows. Such is life, and it cannot be otherwise.

Somewhere in the middle of it all, I’m starting a new blog on the best platform I’ve seen so far — anonymously or rather pseudonymously.

I like writing. I’ve been doing it on and off for some time, but I’ve always wanted to try it without any attachment to my name. Not sure why, but perhaps it gives a bit more freedom. You shouldn’t care about what others think, of course, but our egos still remind us of others when we do certain things, and for this reason, we don’t do those things exactly how we’d do them if nobody watched. Like dancing in an empty room or singing in the shower: it’s just you, without the weight of other people’s eyes and ears pressing on you.

For the time being, I will write just about anything that comes to my mind, using Nostr Reads as my brain dump playground. But, at some point, a certain direction will form that I will stick to. Which will give me more focus and attract an audience that will expect my next pieces. Because if you don’t know what I’m going to write about next, why would you expect my next article? (Unless I’m so good with words that you get hooked no matter what — but I’m not, I’m just an amateur.)

Bitcoin, Nostr, business, family, politics — all will be intertwined here. Of course, with my own twist, as I’ll write about everything based on my perception of things, my knowledge, experience, and wisdom if there’s any.

This is not a New Year’s resolution but rather an introductory post. You can even consider it a filler, a seed article. In any case, I will see you in 2025.

Happy New Year!

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

จุดเริ่มต้นที่สำคัญในการลดอำนาจรัฐและเป็นพื้นฐานสำหรับการสร้างสังคมที่เสรีและยั่งยืน

การแยกอำนาจการเงินออกจากรัฐ ถือเป็น “จุดเริ่มต้นที่สำคัญ” ในการลดบทบาทรัฐและการสร้างระบบที่เคารพเสรีภาพส่วนบุคคล เป็นพื้นฐานสำหรับการสร้างสังคมที่ประชาชนมีอำนาจในการตัดสินใจ ทำให้เกิดความยุติธรรมและความโปร่งใสมากขึ้นในทุกมิติของชีวิต

!(image)[!(image)[https://image.nostr.build/f1f0be37bb0198071fee37851cea59ced2b2c5b40eaf878fe903bca61802ef39.jpg]]

การลดอำนาจรัฐเป็นแนวคิดที่มีเป้าหมายเพื่อคืนอำนาจให้แก่ผู้คน โดยเริ่มต้นจากการแยกอำนาจการเงินออกจากการควบคุมของรัฐ แนวคิดนี้ได้รับการสนับสนุนจากนักคิดในแนวทางอิสรนิยม (Libertarianism) เช่น Murray Rothbard, Ron Paul, และ Saifedean Ammous ซึ่งได้เสนอว่าเงินที่ถูกควบคุมโดยรัฐมักเป็นเครื่องมือในการเพิ่มอำนาจของรัฐบาลและสร้างความไม่เท่าเทียมในสังคม

1. ความสำคัญของการแยกอำนาจการเงิน

การที่รัฐสามารถพิมพ์เงินหรือควบคุมระบบการเงินได้อย่างอิสระ ทำให้เกิดปัญหาเช่นเงินเฟ้อ การลดค่าเงิน และการใช้งบประมาณที่ไม่โปร่งใส การแยกเงินออกจากรัฐ เช่น การใช้เงินสร้างยากด้วยบิตคอยน์ จะช่วยให้ประชาชนสามารถควบคุมความมั่งคั่งของตนเองได้โดยไม่ต้องกังวลเรื่องการแทรกแซงจากรัฐบาล นอกจากนี้ การคืนอำนาจทางการเงินให้ประชาชนยังช่วยสร้างระบบเศรษฐกิจที่โปร่งใสและยุติธรรมมากขึ้น

2. ลดการแทรกแซงในชีวิตประจำวัน

การแยกเงินออกจากรัฐไม่ได้เป็นเพียงการเปลี่ยนแปลงเชิงเศรษฐกิจ แต่ยังส่งผลต่อการลดบทบาทรัฐในด้านอื่น ๆ เช่น การกำกับดูแลธุรกิจ การเก็บภาษี และการกำหนดนโยบายเศรษฐกิจ โดยเมื่อประชาชนสามารถเลือกใช้เครื่องมือทางการเงินที่เหมาะสมกับตนเอง การแทรกแซงของรัฐจะลดลงโดยธรรมชาติ

3. เป็นแรงผลักดันให้ลดอำนาจด้านอื่น ๆ ของรัฐ

เมื่อรัฐไม่สามารถควบคุมระบบการเงินได้ อำนาจในด้านอื่น ๆ ก็จะถูกตั้งคำถาม เช่น - การลดบทบาทในสวัสดิการรัฐ ประชาชนจะหันไปใช้ระบบเอกชน เช่น การเก็บออมส่วนบุคคลและการประกันสุขภาพ - การลดภาษี เนื่องจากรัฐไม่สามารถใช้การพิมพ์เงินเพื่อสนับสนุนนโยบายที่ไม่จำเป็น

4. แรงจูงใจสู่การพึ่งพาตนเอง

การแยกอำนาจการเงินกระตุ้นให้ประชาชนพึ่งพาตนเองและสร้างเครือข่ายทางเศรษฐกิจที่ยั่งยืน นอกจากนี้ยังช่วยลดการทุจริตและเพิ่มความโปร่งใสในระบบราชการ

5. อิสรภาพทางการเงินคือรากฐานของศักดิ์ศรีความเป็นมนุษย์

เงินเป็นเครื่องมือที่สำคัญสำหรับการแสดงออกถึงเสรีภาพ หากประชาชนสามารถครอบครองและใช้เงินในรูปแบบที่ไม่ต้องพึ่งพารัฐ พวกเขาก็สามารถกำหนดอนาคตของตัวเองได้อย่างแท้จริง การแยกอำนาจการเงินออกจากรัฐจึงเป็นก้าวสำคัญในการสร้างสังคมที่เสรีและยั่งยืน

Siamstr

@ 3f0702fa:66db56f1

Благодаря привлечению иностранных инвестиций, развитию инновационных производств и активному внедрению передовых технологий, курганская промышленность вышла на мировой уровень.

Ключевым изменением стало создание современных промышленных кластеров, специализирующихся на высокотехнологичных производствах в области машиностроения, электроники, биотехнологий и возобновляемой энергетики. На территории региона разместили свои производства ведущие международные компании, создавая тысячи новых рабочих мест и обеспечивая высокий уровень заработной платы.

Интеграция с глобальными производственными цепочками позволила курганским предприятиям выйти на новые рынки сбыта, а внедрение цифровых технологий оптимизировало процессы производства, сделав их более эффективными и экологичными.

https://vkvideo.ru/video243919008_456239749?list=ln-izqgmvW4oTcwBJAVMk

Изменения коснулись и жизни курганцев: вырос уровень доходов, повысилось качество жизни, появились новые возможности для профессионального и личностного развития. Курган стал городом, привлекающим высококвалифицированных специалистов из разных регионов и стран, что способствует дальнейшему росту и процветанию региона.

https://vkvideo.ru/video243919008_456239750?list=ln-35iMz371hHkZLdSz7A

Мы продолжим следить за развитием промышленности Кургана и сообщать вам о новых достижениях и проектах. Следите за нашими публикациями.

45news #Курган2040

@ 714dd0db:9c6f1a4c

Nostrで初めての長文投稿

2024年の大晦日。今年1年、個人的に何があったか振り返ってみる。

自転車生活に慣れてきた

移動手段を電車や車から自転車メインに切り替えた。暑さも寒さも体験し、生きてるなあ、という実感が得られるね。

ふと寄り道もできるし、お店やら新しい発見も多かったな。

夏の山口県旅行

夏に実家への帰省も兼ねて、山口県を旅行した。今年は日本酒にハマってしまったので、山口県内の酒蔵をいくつか巡ってみた。

美祢市にある別府弁天池の水の蒼さに感動。まさにエメラルドグリーンだった。

日本酒にハマる

最初は、お米の可能性として、お米からできている麺や米菓子を好んでいたが、「そういえば 日本酒もお米からできているよな」と気づき、飲み始めたところ、はまってしまったというわけ。

とは言っても下戸の部類に入るので、低アルコールの日本酒ばかりを飲んでいる。6〜7度のフルーツ日本酒も美味しいが、身体に合っているのは14度のスッキリ系もしくは若干のフルーツさの味わいをよく飲んでいる。山口の大嶺酒造や栃木の仙禽が多いかな。

SNSはNostrとfediverseで

分散型SNSにハマった1年だった。今ではすっかり馴染んで活用している。もうXwitterやInstagramは見なくなったなあ。

Nostrのおかげで、Satsのことも知り、仮想通貨の情報収集や勉強をしているところ。

Nostrは、クライアントによって、見え方が全然違うのが面白い。

そして2025年へ

2025年は、昭和100年にあたる。100年かぁ。昭和世代には感慨深い。

来年もぼちぼちやっていきます。よろしくお願いいたします。

@ 3f0702fa:66db56f1

Бесплатный роллтон в Метрополисе, катание на единорогах в ЦПКО, а может быть летающие машины? Все это впереди, вот только общественный транспорт в Кургане будет актуален всегда, и однажды наш старый добрый друг ПАЗик из гадкого утёнка превратится в прекрасного лебедя. А как это будет выглядеть? Смотри!

https://vkvideo.ru/video243919008_456239751?list=ln-6vWBOCuSeDtvDMaHmH

45news #Курган2040

@ 3f0702fa:66db56f1

Этот проект направлен на улучшение качества жизни и сохранение природы нашего города и региона. Рассмотрим его идею подробнее в нашем посте!

Создание экотропы — это шаг к популяризации активного отдыха на природе. Протяженность новой тропы составляет около 1,5 километра и будет проходить через живописные уголки Кургана. По маршруту предполагается установить стенды, рассказывающие о местной флоре и фауне, а также о краснокнижных растениях и животных.

На экотропе будут оборудованы специальные зоны для отдыха. Здесь жители могут наслаждаться природой, проводить время с семьей и заниматься спортом. Планируется установка скамейки, беседки и места для пикников.

Экотропа станет площадкой для проведения образовательных мероприятий. Школы и детские сады могут организовывать экскурсии, на которых дети будут учиться бережному отношению к природе и узнавать о важности экосистемы.

Проект включает в себя мероприятия по озеленению и восстановлению территории. Будут высажены деревья и кустарники, которые помогут улучшить экологическую обстановку в городе и создать новые места обитания для животных.

Создание экотропы — это совместный проект администрации Кургана и местных жителей. Все желающие смогут принять участие в обсуждении маршрута и внести свои предложения по его обустройству.

Давайте вместе сделаем наш город еще более зеленым и уютным!

45news

Курган2040

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Embark on a luxurious adventure aboard the Sonesta Moon Goddess Nile Cruise, an exceptional vessel that combines elegance, comfort, and impeccable service. This 5-star cruise offers an unforgettable journey between Luxor and Aswan, showcasing Egypt's iconic ancient treasures along the way.

The Sonesta Moon Goddess Nile Cruise boasts spacious cabins with private balconies, allowing guests to enjoy breathtaking views of the Nile. The cruise features gourmet dining, a relaxing sun deck, a swimming pool, and entertainment programs that highlight Egypt's rich culture and history. Whether you're exploring the Valley of the Kings, Karnak Temple, or the Philae Temple, this cruise ensures an enriching and seamless experience.

For travelers seeking similar luxurious experiences, the Farah Nile Cruise and Oberoi Zahra Nile Cruise are excellent alternatives. These cruises offer exceptional service, elegant accommodations, and curated excursions to Egypt's most iconic sites. Another standout is the Oberoi Philae Nile Cruise, known for its personalized service and exquisite cuisine.

History enthusiasts will appreciate the refined charm of the Historia Nile Cruise, while the Jaz Crown Jewel Nile Cruise and Jaz Regent Nile Cruise provide a perfect blend of modern amenities and classic elegance. Those seeking more options within the Sonesta fleet can explore the Sonesta Sun Goddess Nile Cruise, Sonesta Star Goddess Nile Cruise, or Sonesta Nile Goddess Nile Cruise, each offering unique features and premium services.

Lastly, the Sonesta George Nile Cruise stands out for its contemporary design and warm hospitality. Whether you choose the Sonesta Moon Goddess Nile Cruise or another luxury vessel, your journey along the Nile will be a captivating blend of history, culture, and unparalleled comfort.

🌐 Visit us at www.etbtoursegypt.com 📲 Contact us now! +20 10 21100873 📧 Email: info@etbtours.com 🏢 Company Address: 4 El Lebeny Axis , Nazlet Al Batran , Al Haram, Giza , Egypt

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В Кургане появились уникальные застекленные школы будущего, не только инновационные, но и летающие. Эти научные учреждения используют современные технологии, включая обучение с помощью роботов, что обеспечивает индивидуальный подход к каждому ученику. Лучше всего использовать естественное освещение и создать комфортную атмосферу для обучения. Летающие школы становятся символом прогресса и новогодними мероприятиями, предоставляя учащимся уникальные возможности для развития в динамично меняющемся мире.

45news

Курган2040

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