@ fbf0e434:e1be6a39

## **Hackathon 概览** [**ETHiopia x BAM Hackathon**](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/ethiopiabamhackathon) 于 2 月 10 日至 14 日在线上进行，吸引了 108 名注册开发者和创新者深入探索以太坊技术。活动包括 Solidity 开发的技术研讨会和鼓励创造性技能培养的环节，最终审核通过了 38 个的项目。这些项目展示了参赛者的技术创造力以及他们对区块链技术的投入。 Hackathon 促进了以太坊生态系统内解决方案的创建，重点关注社区贡献和在现实场景中创新应用。参赛者在获得技能和探索了区块链创新的同时，也建立了开发者网络。活动提供了 2,000 美元 USDC 现金奖金，用于激励在代码质量、社区参与和展示技能方面表现出色的项目。 包括 ETHiopia, BAM 和 THE MU 在内的实体促进了非洲 Web3 BUIDLer的环境，推动了有影响力的解决方案。此次合作强调了区块链在应对现实世界挑战中的角色，并赋能了非洲开发者和BUIDLer。 ## **Hackathon 获奖者** ### **ETHiopia X Circles 奖项获奖者** **第一名: [Ethera](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/23365)** Ethera支持非洲内容创作者通过区块链实现货币化，利用Circles Protocol和CRC代币进行交易，以确保在Gnosis Chain上的透明度和去中心化。它通过Circles Protocol Avatar验证用户身份。 **第二名: [ETHqub](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/23362)** ### **ETHiopia x BAM 一般Hackathon 获奖者** **第一名: [Imara](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/23342)** Imara是一个去中心化平台，帮助区块链开发者组建团队。它利用基于里程碑的质押和治理工具来增强协作，防止项目被遗弃，旨在区块链生态系统内实现广泛的集成。 **第二名: [Hakiba](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/23589)** Hakiba是一个去中心化的借贷协议，促进区块链上的社区信贷。它实施质押、担保和链上保险，以促进负责任的贷款和借款人支持，使用Solidity智能合约和FastAPI。 **第三名: [ETHqub](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/23362)** 有关所有项目的更多信息，请访问 https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/ethiopiabamhackathon/buidl ## **关于组织者** ### **BAM** BAM，即Bold African Movement，是一个为非洲的新兴建设者和创始人提供平台的机构，专注于区块链、AI和其他新兴技术。该组织致力于在非洲大陆培养创新人才，开发关键技术解决方案。通过积极参与重要的技术领域，BAM促进了这些行业的成长和协作。他们的使命是赋予非洲新一代的技术领导者，从而推动从愿景想法到实际实施的过渡。更多信息请访问他们的网站 [joinbam.xyz](https://joinbam.xyz/)。

@ fbf0e434:e1be6a39

## **Hackathon 概览** [ETH Oxford 2025](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/eth-oxford-2025/detail) Hackathon 于2月7日至9日在牛津数学学院举办，吸引了大量的开发者的兴趣和参与。活动共有318名开发者注册，最终通过审核有142个项目。活动强调创新和合作，主要集中在以太坊区块链上，参与者通过demo视频和GitHub仓库展示了他们的作品。 Hackathon 于2月9日结束，开发者们通过 Demo 他们的项目来角逐最后的奖项。他们在创新同时，也解决了区块链领域的各个技术挑战。这次 Hackathon 还促进了社区互动和知识分享，带来了区块链开发社区的实质贡献。 ## **Hackathon 获奖者** ### **主赛道奖项获胜者** - **可编程密码学** - [**CallOrNothing**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22587)：利用区块链的去中心化扑克游戏，确保无中心化的信任游戏。 - **AI** - [**DEFAI**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22605)：一个AI驱动的聊天界面，利用自然语言处理简化在Avalanche区块链上的链上DeFi操作。 - [**portent**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22545)：使用NLP/RAG分析现实事件对加密货币的影响，提供使用Flare验证数据的会话界面的预测性投资组合管理平台。 - [**AADC**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22672)：通过自然语言命令进行跨链DeFi操作的AI Telegram机器人。 - **DeFi** - [**Quantum Enhanced Cross-chain Arbitrage**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22685)：结合量子优化与DeFi协议在生态系统间进行盈利套利交易的机器人。 - **消费者领域** - [**FlareGate**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22543)：一个去中心化的P2P平台，用于法币-加密货币交易，整合Flare网络的安全数据。 - [**GuessTheHuman**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22584)：基于区块链的AI社交推理游戏，用于识别真人玩家。 - [**The Golden Key**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22676)：针对老年用户的区块链基础防欺诈移动应用。 ### **Flare 奖项获胜者** - **刻入式数据协议** - [**FlareGate**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22543)：用于法币-加密货币传输的去中心化P2P平台。 - [**Kingdom of LagaFlare**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22593)：一个NFT卡牌游戏，通过区块链提供公平游戏和独特卡牌收集。 - [**ProteinMango**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22626)：使用ZKP的自动理赔的参数性地震保险。 - **外部数据源/跨链** - [**portent**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22545) - [**bump.artist**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22612)：为艺术家代币和收入分享的DeFi平台。 - [**ProteinMango**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22626) - [**FlareInsure**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22635)：使用现实世界数据为智能合约服务的区块链小额保险。 - [**Decentralised Zero**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22647)：利用Flare的FDC进行信任、透明的赌注操作的平台。 ### **Torus 奖项获胜者** - **去中心化记忆机构** - [**ZK memory Organ**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22585)：利用零知识证明实现高安全性和高效性的数据存储解决方案。 - [**Torus Decentralised Memory**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22657)：安全、容错数据存储的分布式数据库。 - [**Porous Torus**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22536)：为Torus AI代理提供安全、高吞吐量的数据存储。 - [**TorBit**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22659)：通过OrbitDB为Torus AI代理提供零信任记忆系统。 - **Discord 社区洞察生成器** - [**Hivemind**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22591)：一个使用LLM从Discord聊天生成反馈和协作洞察的工具。 - [**stbb**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22611)：分析服务器消息生成主题/趋势报告的Discord机器人。 - [**discord community bot**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22675)：用于每周服务器报告的AI驱动Discord分析。 - **加密推特辩论分析器** - [**DebateFi**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22534)：分析和总结有关加密货币的推特辩论，以获得可行的见解。 - [**Oxford Kaggle Debaters**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22663)：一个用于加密推特分析、影响力评分和内容优化的AI工具。 - [**DebateChain**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22523)：通过情绪和声誉评分分析加密推特辩论的AI。 - **Wildcard 挑战** - [**NewsCrypt**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22667)：去中心化论坛，通过辩论分析提升客观新闻报道。 ### **基于Mina平台构建应用的获胜者** - [**MinAES**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22586)：整合AES加密到Mina的zk-native区块链中，实现使用零知识技术的安全应用。 - [**MINA Verify**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22530)：在电路中实现BLS12-381签名的一个平台。 - [**Guantanabet**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22590)：基于Mina的隐私预测市场，使用基于ZKP的匿名投注。 ### **Avalanche 奖项获胜者** - **一等奖 ($2000)** - [**Swiish.cash**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22527)：一个通过手机号码全球稳定币转账的移动解决方案，使用Avalanche。 - [**Smart Memorandum**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22615)：为智能合约提供司法管辖区特定法律文件的工具。 - [**blindbird.ai**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22641)：去中心化AI推理平台，用于安全的小额付款。 - [**AADC- AI Agent for DeFi & Cross-Chain Operations**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22672) - **二等奖 ($1500)** - [**AI-Powered DeFi Position Management Platform**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22595)：为GMX DEX头寸管理提供自然语言界面。 - [**NovaTools**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22668)：包括多链NLP机器人和数据分析在内的加密AI工具。 - **三等奖 ($800)** - [**Oxwell AI agent**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22535)：通过自然语言资产管理进行跨链DeFi助手。 - [**Wired**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22589)：通过NLP为BNB/AVAX资产管理提供跨链AI助手。 - [**DEFAI**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22605)：为链上操作提供自然语言的AI驱动DeFi代理。 - [**NLWallet**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22650)：配备NLP和账户抽象的机构加密钱包。 - [**helpi**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22654)：Avalanche平台的社会项目捐赠，配有AI风险评估。 ### **AirDAO 奖项获胜者** - **GameFi DApp** - [**GuessTheHuman**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22584) ### **DeSci World: NERDo 奖项** - [**DebateChain**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22523) - [**CrypTweep by RugPullCoin#42**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22599) - [**Project Lydia**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22603)：通过AI分析检测不当行为的Discord机器人。 - [**bump.artist**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22612) - [**Flare-FL**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22633)：用于安全AI模型训练的去中心化联邦学习。 ### **Ripple 奖项获胜者** - **使用RLUSD构建的顶级消费者应用** - [**CoverMax**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22569)：一个使用oracle触发条件自动赔付的去中心化保险协议。 - [**BlockInvest**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22604)：现代投资互助系统，利用XRPL通过智能合约进行集体储蓄。 - [**PayCoin IC**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22596)：支持XRPL的QR码支付的移动RLUSD钱包。 - **使用XRPL的DID、凭证和RLUSD功能的最佳去中心化身份解决方案** - [**XRPL Diploma Verify**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22623)：一个使用DIDs在XRPL区块链上安全存储和验证文凭的网页平台。 - **最具创新性的XRPL集成** - [**BlockInvest**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22604) ### **BNB 奖项获胜者** - **主奖** - [**NovaTools**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22668) - [**insr.finance**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22673)：一个通过Venus Protocol提供稳定币保护同时进行收益的保险协议。 - **荣誉提名** - [**BNB Shield**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22614)：利用TEEs和ZKPs进行PEP检测的去中心化AML系统。 - [**CloutDrop**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22645)：用于KOL空投优化的数据驱动平台。 - [**AADC- AI Agent for DeFi & Cross-Chain Operations**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22672) - **Greenfield奖** - [**ReviewChain**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22592)：一个去中心化的同行评审系统，提升学术出版透明度和质量。 - **荣誉提名** - [**Wired: Manage your assets with ease**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22589) ### **Vyper 奖项获胜者** - **最佳使用Vyper Lang** - [**SecureStake**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22521)：一个使用Vyper进行质押和多签名验证的安全交易令牌管理平台。 - [**Quantum Enhanced Cross-chain Arbitrage**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22685) - [**The Golden Key by Avalock**](https://dorahacks.io/buidl/22676) 若要探索 ETH Oxford 2025 的所有项目，请访问 [DoraHacks](https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/eth-oxford-2025/buidl)。 ## **关于组织者** ### **ETH Oxford** ETH Oxford 是一个以推动区块链技术和创新而闻名的组织。以其技术专长而著称，ETH Oxford 对去中心化系统和安全交易协议的发展做出了重大贡献。其参与的众多项目提升了区块链的效率和可及性。目前，ETH Oxford 强调合作研究和区块链的实际应用，解决复杂的现实世界挑战，展现了其对技术进步和行业领导力的承诺。

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Barcelona is a city that sizzles with creativity, blends beach life with bold architecture, and radiates Mediterranean energy. From Gaudí’s surreal masterpieces to the lively buzz of La Rambla and the golden sands of Barceloneta Beach, it's a place where every street feels like a gallery—and every evening invites a fiesta.  ## **🌟 Top Things to Do in Barcelona** ### **1️⃣ Sagrada Família** - Gaudí’s **unfinished masterpiece** and Barcelona’s iconic landmark - A kaleidoscope of **colorful stained glass, soaring columns, and symbolism** - **Book tickets in advance**—it gets busy for a reason ### **2️⃣ Park Güell** - A whimsical hilltop park filled with **mosaics, dragons, and curves** - Explore the **Monumental Zone** and enjoy **views over the city** - Like stepping into a dream—or a fairytale!  ### **3️⃣ Stroll La Rambla & Explore the Gothic Quarter** - A lively pedestrian street with **flower stalls, performers, and markets** - Wander into the **Gothic Quarter (Barri Gòtic)** for **narrow alleys, Roman ruins, and hidden plazas** - Visit **Plaça Reial** for tapas and a good vibe ### **4️⃣ Casa Batlló & Casa Milà (La Pedrera)** - Two of Gaudí’s iconic modernist buildings on **Passeig de Gràcia** - Casa Batlló looks like it’s made of bones and sea waves 🌊 - La Pedrera is all flowing stone and rooftop sculptures  ### **5️⃣ Magic Fountain of Montjuïc** - Evening **light & music shows** (check schedule!) - Combine it with a walk up Montjuïc for **museums, parks, and castle views** ### **6️⃣ Barceloneta Beach & Port Vell** - Chill on the beach or **bike along the palm-lined promenade** - Great area for **seafood, sangria, or sunset cocktails** - Stroll the harbor and **check out the yachts at Port Vell**  ## **🍴 What to Eat in Barcelona** - **Tapas** – Patatas bravas, croquetas, pan con tomate - **Paella** – Best enjoyed seaside, with seafood or mixed options - **Calçots (in season)** – Grilled green onions with romesco sauce - **Crema catalana** – Like crème brûlée, but with a Catalan twist - **Vermouth** – A pre-lunch drink that's become trendy again 🍸 Try local markets like **La Boqueria** or cozy taverns in **El Born** for the full flavor.  ## **🚇 Getting Around** - **Metro & buses** are fast and efficient – get a **T-Casual card** or **Hola BCN pass** - **Walk or rent a bike**—many areas are super pedestrian-friendly - Taxis & ride apps like Free Now are widely available  ## **🎉 Extra Tips & Local Vibes** ✅ **Time your meals late** – locals eat lunch at 2–3pm and dinner after 9pm ✅ Watch a **Flamenco show**, but choose authentic venues, not tourist traps ✅ Visit **Bunkers del Carmel** for one of the best **panoramic sunset spots** in the city ✅ Be aware of **pickpockets** in crowded areas (especially on La Rambla) ✅ If you love art: check out **Museu Picasso** and **MACBA (modern art)** 

@ 5188521b:008eb518

## **Ecology** When my father died, an entire ecosystem system of beneficiaries withered. Moussa Ag El Khir funded scholarships and community projects, paying thousands of Dinars monthly to stop the oasis town of In Salah from burning up. The few families we knew operating outside the oil-field economy would be forced to flee to the Mediterranean coast, along with just about every other Berber. It wasn’t unexpected. My father had cystic fibrosis for all sixty-one years of his life. So far, that’s the only legacy he’s passed on to his children. My brothers are just carriers, but me, his precious daughter ended up like him in more ways than one. We sat there in the lawyer’s office in Algiers, my brothers and I, staring at the ledger which contained payment for his life’s work. “And he only left one word in his will?” asked Ibrahim for the third time. Ecology. The lawyer said Moussa was very clear. He chose each of the keys himself. The contents of the ledger would belong to whoever could decode his life — those who understood the real meaning. Then he cut all communications and walked into the Sahara. The Tuareg caravan on the road to Akabli found his body a week later, reddened by sand burn. ## **Earth** We made an agreement that day. To share each word we discovered. We could break the code together. Of course, Ibrahim and Hama didn’t share anything. We barely speak. That’s what happens when one child follows their father into science, and her two brothers move to France the minute they get rich enough to buy a wife. I bet they spent longer looking into legal loopholes to get their hands on my father’s assets than they did trying to identify the keys. That day was the start of my second life, and I went from research assistant at a regional university to private-key detective. 2048 words and few clues where to start. Although I was 27, I was virtually a grandmother according to the In Salah wives. But of course, I could never be a grandmother, or even a mother. Every night, I scoured photos in the family archive. An initial sweep of his digital footprint returned no out-of-place instances of any keywords. It took me a year to find the GPS tag he’d added to one photo — an eighteen-year-old daughter standing next to a father proud of his first infinite solar prototype. The panel has long-since been torn out by the oil corp, but the base is still there. I drove the three kilometres from the town limit and shone the high beams at the spot. When I got out, the air was cool but still thick with sand. A few more steps through sinking dunes, and I saw it. He’d scratched a little globe into the blistered metal, and for a moment, my mucus-laden lungs tasted clear air. ## **Trigger** The next word took three years. Friends, contacts, professors, biographers — visits to anyone with whom he might have left a clue. But it was in the In Salah hospital, where, upon a routine CF checkup with Jerome Devailier, a French doctor, ‘trigger’ appeared. The government might stack everything against the desert peoples, but they hadn’t taken away healthcare. I’d been living off the kindness of neighbours while finishing my thesis on the very solar technology my father developed. How could he have known the ‘buyer’ was just a tendril of the very oil company he sought to defeat. Dr Devalier went through the list of carcinogens and allergens to avoid with my new drugs. Over forty triggers which could be my downfall. If I was lucky, I’d live as long as my father did. By then, my research stipend was long gone. I existed on toughened bread and soup, which always carried the taste of the scorched city air. Yet, I stayed. The public library, disconnected from the grid by the oil corp, was where I finished my manuscript. They would fight its publication. Since father’s money no longer flowed into the town, many had deserted me. There were those who said he killed an entire people by selling his solar patent to the wrong buyers. Others in In Salah worshipped his name, but eventually, they all trudged north to the cities. My brothers sold the family home from under me, forcing me to follow. When I returned from the hospital, I dug out my father’s medical documents. On every page, the word ‘trigger’ was underlined. That was the moment I knew my life’s work would be unlocking the ledger, not publishing studies on long-dead solar panel technology. That battle was lost. ## **They** All we need is a simple document, but here, it is the administrators’ job to send people away. Physical copies are only issued in extreme circumstances. Citizens’ Registry screens played endless repetitions of how to apply for digital documents. The shrill voices of family members desperate for the original copy of a pirated document drowned the TV messaging. Women removed headscarves and revealed thick black hair; teenagers paced. The atmosphere thickened with sweat. And hours passed. Each appointment required a reset of digital protocol, biometric tests, and identity cards from legal descendents. Through counterfeit identities, our Dinars leak into the hands of criminals, but still the government denies the need for bitcoin. They just print more money. *They* is the word my father used for the government that fought his patent so hard. After a four-hour wait, I discovered that the physical death certificate included an ‘identifying mark’ on the deceased’s body. The ink was fresh — etched into the shoulder blade of a man who wished to turn his back on the government that ignored its people. The tattoo read *aqqalan*, the Tamasheq word for they. ## **Scheme** It took two trips to his cluttered Marseille office to convince him I was serious. Two visas, two flights, and the small amount from the sale of the family house. But few detectives wanted to work for a promise. The ledger could not legally be owned in Algeria, and Laurent Mercier was the only serious professional who entertained a percentage of what was on there. The solar tech patent and documents from my father were enough to start Laurent on the trail. ‘Preliminary,’ he said, until I had the ledger in my possession. “Flying is not easy with my condition,” I said. He lowered his sunglasses. “Working is not easy without money.” Contact with my brother through the lawyer in Algiers was achingly slow, but eventually they agreed to give me possession. What was 33% of nothing anyway? Years had gone by. So, when I sat for the second time, in the sweaty office in Marseille, I gave Laurent the ledger, and he handed me a surprise. In all his business affairs, my father used little English, but the word ‘scheme’ appeared in all three company names he incorporated in the last three years of his life. We had our fifth word, and I finally had someone on my side. ## **Make** Some days, I could barely walk to the public library. I became lethargic and mostly sat in the cool dark of my room in the shelter. The government refused to provide housing outside of Algiers, but a Tuareg organisation from Mali opened a shelter in In Salah. Bulging eyes and faded clothes stared back in the mirror each day. How long had it been since I’d been to a wedding, or celebrated a friend’s child? Occupants came and went, and all that was left was a barren room and one meal per day. As the sun punished the city with every ray of Allah’s untapped gift, streets grew thick with dust, and the local government fell, seat by seat, to oil execs. The only transport running was to and from the oil fields, which belched the remnants of the land into the sky. And still they worked. Still they sat on my father’s patent and refused to supply the world with efficient solar power. With little else to cling onto, I harboured thoughts of how I could spend the ledger money. Fixing the town and replanting lost gardens. Bringing people back. That all took a back seat to decoding the message my father was sending. Laurent and I began to believe that the keys he chose formed some sort of instruction for his legacy. Ten years to the day after his death, I was in the public library, looking for clues in an English history book. On my exit, the librarian stopped me. “We have a gift for you, Kana.” I waited while he fetched a package. “Your father instructed me to give this to you. But not before this date.” My hands tore open the package. More books, technical manuals, and hand-written notes. Amongst the papers was a tasselled leather bookmark embossed with the four letters that comprised one of the seven missing words. Make. ## **Citizen** It’s hard for a father in Algeria to admit to his daughter that she is his spirit — the heir to his life’s work. Of course he felt terrible guilt after our mother’s passing. That was when the letters started. Moussa wrote to himself really, trying to come to terms with bringing a protégé into the world with a bright scientific mind and lungs that would snap her life expectancy. We communicated by letter for the last few years of his life — sharing the breakthroughs of his findings and what it might mean for our decaying oasis town. Analogue writing was the only real privacy, he said. His letters always ran to the same length, as if they were one lesson divided into equal chunks. We even exchanged letters during his last hospitalisation in Algiers. Those words were the only real strength I gained. It was Laurent who analysed the letters with a new text scanning tool. For me, my father’s last letters were advice, regret, pain, and love, but to Laurent, they were simply a puzzle to solve to get one step closer. Our letters gave Laurent the idea to communicate via physical mail. The process was painful, with letters sent from outlying towns before being shipped across the Alboran Sea and up into France. Muatin was one name my father called me. Like him, I dreamed of helping many through science. This was one of the few Arabic words in the French letters he wrote. It was also the only keyword included in any of the letters. Citizen. ## **When** Years of quiet followed. In Salah became unlivable after they co-opted the city reservoir for cooling drilling rigs. Each study that proved the field was still viable funnelled funds away from the locals who clung on. Resettlement benefits went up, and all but the semi-nomadic Tuaregs left. I followed. My health could not take much more desert. In the cooler coastal plains, I recovered strength, and subsidies for new medications helped me survive on a meagre teaching salary. With no further clues, my Marseillais detective lost interest. His last letter, sent years ago, stated with unusual brevity that he was resigning the case. No payment was due. I had lost my health, my father, his work, my money, our house, the town, and I spent each week delivering science and English classes to teenagers. They had no more hope for our country than I had. Algerians had already lost the Sahara. A one-degree temperature shift each decade of my life had shrunk Africa and sent its peoples northwards. My father’s word puzzle occupied my thoughts. The combinations and permutations of letters and characters had millions of possible meanings but only one correct answer. Yet simple linguistic logic provided the next word. The headteacher was a linguist — a profession long lost to the higher-powered text analysers and language AI. He spoke little English but asked about the categorisations of grammatical terms in the 2048 key words. “Why do you ask?” “Because,” he said, “for a sentence of twelve words, at least one conjunction is necessary to form a second clause.” He was right. I had been focussing on lists and complex codes to build my father’s motto. When I got home, I furiously searched my list of terms for conjunctions. I found only one. ‘When.’ ## **Can** The permutations were still huge. Even eliminating some of the more conceptual words did not help. Millions of sentences existed in my dead father’s mind. Millions of meanings, all lost to the need for more energy to fund the world’s great thirst for energy. Still, the panels in most of the ‘dead middle’ (as the space between the tropics became known) melted at over 50 degrees. I was back in Paris for CF treatment. As a young woman, I would have been pleased to make fifty years. But the realities of daily visits and the sickness brought on by medication stung. I wanted things to end, even when I discovered the next key. It had been years since I had dreamed of the freedoms my father’s fortune could bring. Parts of Asia held out against bitcoin, but the cost of countries doing business off-network had become prohibitive. Eventually, the fossil conglomerates would give in to the need for solar mining and the provision of universal energy. It was in a Parisian hospital bed that I discovered ‘can.’ My wardmate, a rough labourer from Oran, found a biography in the hospital library that made me sit up straight. ‘Can’ was repeated in almost every description of my father in his one-time business partner’s book. And it was this Arabian ‘businessman,’ Abdulkarim Rahman, who brokered the deal that robbed the world of infinite solar power. Each page mocked my father as believing only physical impossibilities are impossible. He branded him the ‘can man.’ ## **Drastic** During my recuperation, I spent the final two weeks of my visa stay in Marseille. My days passed with endless algorithm tweaks to reject or accept word orders for the elusive twelve-word sentence my father once wrote. Food lost its taste, and friends and colleagues in academia had scattered. In-person meetings were often contained to the night hours, but Marseille was not a place to go out after dark. The latest protests had gotten violent, and the government looked likely to topple. My people had always been resilient, but when the option to move and operate a caravan was removed by General Hafiz, part of my spirit died. I resolved to spend my final years in In Salah, however uncomfortable they would be. My final port of call before returning was Laurent’s office. The eTaxi cast me out into the dusty street, and I wheezed as I climbed the three flights of stairs to his tiny door on Rue Marché. We hadn’t spoken in years, but I was surprised to find a different name about the door. Pascale Dupont, Investigateur. The assistant I remembered was quite the opposite to Laurent — slow and methodical, short and heavy set. “Madame,” he said. “I have difficult news.” Their business had always straddled the law, but I never imagined an ex-officer of the law could be convicted of treason. “A closed-door trial,” said Pascale. Then he handed over an air-gapped 3D storage file. “Laurent knew you would come for this.” My mind cast forward to the reams of information he must have built on my father. The patents and technical diagrams he illegally acquired and other clues. I instantly recognised the brand of storage file as a keyword. Drastic. “How can I thank him?” “He is dead, madame.” Pascale hung his head. “He survived prison for only two weeks.” ## **Must** My final years brought me home. In Salah had gained fame for its one group of Tuaregs who refused to leave. The Lakzis owned a house in a desperate condition, not dissimilar to my failing body. By the age of fifty-two, I could no longer walk, but they welcomed me. I pooled my disability allowance and some money I’d gained from selling my father’s watch. We waited for the world to mourn the death of a once great city. We would keep it alive by refusing to move, by refusing to permit its rebranding as an ‘industrial area.’ Now the oil fields were finally drying up, they wanted to dig under the town. We had managed to eliminate half of the remaining words. Just under 1,000 possible selections for the final two words, but little idea of an order. The problem was that I was the only English speaker among them, and it took great energy to attempt to teach the meaning of the words and possible grammatical constructions for my father’s sentence. But soon, patterns began to emerge. Fragments of word pairings and groups. ‘Trigger drastic scheme’ appeared again and again in the permutations. ‘They can’ and ‘When they can’ gave a tantalising glimpse. We ranked sentences in terms of likelihood to form the full key and categorised them by the most likely remaining words. Due to the need for a modal verb, ‘must’ scored highest by our calculations. In this race to unlock the ledger before In Salah’s destruction, we nosed ahead. Yet the day of that discovery was my final day in the desert. An air ambulance transported my feeble body to Algiers, and I would never return. They messaged me — so close. They would unlock the ledger with the final word after my operation. The bitcoin could undo the wrongs of the past, and my father’s sentence would live on. ## **End** The phrase which began the global revolution first appeared on the wall of a much-disputed oil refinery in the desert outside In Salah, Algeria. *When they can make ecology end, citizen earth must trigger drastic scheme* Soon, the graffiti marked government buildings in Algiers. Activists took to the streets. Governments crumbled and currencies collapsed. Climate groups received massive donations said to come from ‘the one,’ a ledger with a huge stack written off by financiers the world over. The codebreaker credited with unlocking the ledger was unable to witness the transfer of 10,000 coins to the Global Climate Fund due to her death, aged 52, from a congenital condition. The words of Moussa Ag El Khir now mark each of the millions of panels, which line the ‘dead middle.’ They contribute over 80% of the Earth’s power supply. To mark the fiftieth anniversary of his death, the World Climate Forum will be held in the town of his birth, In Salah, Algeria. This story, compiled from the diaries of his daughter, Kana Ult El Khir, will be read as the opening address of the conference. --- This story was originally published in [*21 Futures: Tales From the Timechain*](https://21futures.com/) To continue the story of the real-world treasure (sats) use the address (it's real).\ Who knows, maybe some zaps will find their way into [the wallet](bc1qhehatuc2a6v89h5ghc28kp239k7avkxewa049z)... <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/a3b7fda7da4d64309bae2a0cd39439de804aaa79a6cf4682865a185cfa7090f5.png">

@ 4bc0bea1:29b9f2aa

## **How I’m Training Around An Elbow Injury** My right elbow is a mess. I hurt it wrestling with a friend on a wooden deck. It's easy to avoid injuries in wrestling...if you only wrestle on the mat. I guess I don't like it easy. To take it a step further, I made it much worse by doing straight arm ring exercises. C'mon Jordan! Straight arm ring exercises while your elbow already hurts...pure buffoonery. Alas, here I am. I could sit out from jiujitsu, but instead, I’m adjusting how I train so I don’t lose progress. Injuries are part of the game, but how you adapt defines your progress. Most people see injuries as setbacks. But they're actually opportunities to refine your game. These opportunities force you to find ways to keep improving even when things aren’t perfect. Things don't need to be perfect if you have some **G.R.I.T.** Let's break this approach down. --- ## G – Grapple (Smart) *Don't stop training. Modify it. Drill with a dummy, watch tape, or do technique you can handle. Buy a brace if need be. Stay in the game.* There's nothing worse than forgetting everything you worked hard to learn. So don't let it happen. Keep rolling. Do what you can without pain. Buy a brace if you think it will help. I wear [Anaconda's Elbow Brace](https://anacondafightwear.co/products/anaconda-elbow-brace) when I roll to make sure my elbow stays safe and pain-free. I stop if I experience pain and don't allow myself to go 100%. Ignore your ego and give your body the pain-free work that it needs. On days when it's fatigued, I drill with my dummy and watch instructionals so I can improve my technique. Don't sit around. Grapple. But do it smart. --- ## R – Restore Movement *Move the injured part pain-free to get blood flowing. Restore function over time.* If you sit around and don't move your injured body part, it will heal slower. Healing requires the nutrients that blood brings. And blood won't bring as much of the goods if it's not recruited. Rehab your injury to give it the blood boost it needs. I diagnosed myself with Olecranon (Elbow) Bursitis. I've been doing exercises recommended [here](https://youtu.be/71ISxtSxgds) to help it heal faster. I only do the exercises that are pain-free for me right now. And I'm moving on to more difficult ones as my elbow condition improves. Waiting for an injury to heal is a slow, frustrating process. Be patient and stay consistent with your rehab. --- ## I – Integrate Strength *Once pain-free, begin light strengthening. Train around the injury, not through it.* Instagram recently sniped me with an ad for something called [The Torque Bar](https://thetibbarguy.com/products/the-torque-bar). The benefits from using it are endless: - It's a single tool that targets forearms, wrists, elbows, biceps, triceps, and shoulders. - It has a thick knurled handle that enhances grip strength and forearm activation. - It improves rotational strength (supination/pronation) for sports. - It helps with tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow, wrist tendinitis, and rotator cuff issues. - It strengthens stabilizing muscles to reduce joint hyperextension and strain risks. So of course I had to buy it. A couple weeks of these [torque bar exercises](https://youtu.be/tUDgqpFcJ9k) and I'm hooked. It's strengthening my neglected arm muscles and my elbow without any pain. It's a key piece of my routine going forward and I highly recommend it for others. The best part is that it doesn't agitate my injury and it's helping me get stronger. That's the goal here. --- ## T – Thrive with Nutrition & Sleep *Eat clean to recover faster. Sleep well. Don’t waste healing energy on processed junk.* This is the number one lever to pull in your healing journey. And also a great way to live. ### Eat Clean I eat healthy foods like ground beef, wild caught salmon, fruit, and more whole foods 80% of the time. The days I eat clean are the days my elbow feels it best. The other 20% of the time – when I eat some processed, junk food – my elbow aches. It makes me feel like I'm back at square one. The consequences of junk food are astounding. I've put the 80/20 rule on hold and changed it to 95/5 to help this injury heal faster. ### Sleep Well My sleep has been horrible. My daughter was born 3 weeks ago and she's been fussy. I'm getting 3-6hrs of sleep a night. It's definitely not helping my elbow. Sleep is the most important piece of the human equation. Bad sleep can result in - Low energy levels - Increased risk of injury - Poor eating habits - Lack of productivity It sets the tone for each day. If you take anything away from this, let it be that you need to optimize for sleep. If you're in a situation like me, control what you can control. I have more control over my food than my sleep so that's why I'm being more disciplined with it. Once my sleep improves, I expect everything to be firing on all cylinders. --- ## The Bottom Line Injuries are opportunities to refine your game. But you need to have some **G.R.I.T.** to do it. - **G – Grapple (Smart)**:
 Don’t stop training. Change it. Drill with a dummy, watch tape, or do technique you can handle. Stay in the game. - **R – Restore Movement**:
 Move the injured part pain-free to get blood flowing. Restore function over time. - **I – Integrate Strength**: 
Once pain-free, begin light strengthening. Train around the injury, not through it. - **T – Thrive with Nutrition & Sleep**:
 Eat clean to recover faster. Sleep well. Don’t waste healing energy on processed junk. Do the above and you'll be back better than before. --- Injured and not sure what you *can* still train? Send me a message – happy to help however I can. *Original post is [here](https://www.jordanlaster.com/how-to-keep-progressing-on-the-mats-while-injured/)* *You can find more of my work on [Ghost](https://www.jordanlaster.com/) and [Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAJ8Q1orv_rAeXLYm9PAf1Q)*

@ 34ff86e0:dbb6b9fb

test description

@ e31e84c4:77bbabc0

The third annual edition of Bitcoin FilmFest returns to Warsaw this May. From its niche beginnings in 2023 to today’s global stage, BFF has become a catalyst for authentic storytelling—merging independent cinema, permissionless art, and Bitcoin’s ethos. ***“Where centralized scripts end, new narratives begin — explore the uncharted stories beyond the frame.”*** **May 22-25, 2025, Poland:** This year’s theme, “Beyond the Frame,” BFF25 expands the focus on creative expression—featuring narrative films, fiction, Bitcoin ads, and even a touch of AI,  while keeping its genuine, community-driven vibe. ### **Key Highlights of Bitcoin FilmFest 2025** - **Pizza Day:** The biggest European gathering to celebrate the **first real-world Bitcoin transaction**. - **Exclusive Screenings:** Feature films, documentaries, animations and shorts—including, for example: *UNBANKABLE*, *SATOSHI THE MOVIE*, *REVOLUCIÓN BITCOIN, THE MAN WHO WOULDN’T CRY, HOTEL BITCOIN* —all followed by **face-to-face discussions with creators**. - **Golden Rabbits:** Cinematic awards in categories like *Best Movie*, *Best Story*, *Audience Choice*. - **Movie Pitch Contest:** A platform for creators to turn **Bitcoin-themed ideas** into cinematic reality. - **Generative Cinema:** A special segment exploring **AI’s role in filmmaking**, including screenings and dynamic debates. - **BFF PoWies:** A dedicated show with Bitcoin-themed **advertising**, concluding with its **own award ceremony** (categories: GRAND PRIX / freestyle, VISUAL / video ad + out of home, IDENTITY / brand creative + campaigns). - **Workshops & Networking:** Thematic sessions on **filmmaking, art, philosophy, spirituality, and beyond**. - **Memorable Experiences:** Inspiring conversations in intimate circles, live music (concerts and DJ sets), stand-up comedy, and dozens of site activities—from bitcoin-only marketplaces, though yoga to self-defense. \ **Details, Tickets, Discounts.** For more visit the [official ](https://bitcoinfilmfest.com/)event site: [bitcoinfilmfest.com/bff25/](http://bitcoinfilmfest.com/bff25/) Follow the project's official feed on social media to stay up-to-date: X: [@bitcoinfilmfest](https://x.com/bitcoinfilmfest) | Nostr: [Bitcoin FilmFest](https://njump.me/npub1rjtrs7xqdvj3588r9njrexh2n750j7jdwx9qs543nutmdsj6ljaqpfmp8a) | LinkedIn: [Bitcoin FilmFest](https://www.linkedin.com/company/bitcoin-filmfest/) Use the discount code BITESIZE to get 10% off on tickets.

@ edeb837b:ac664163

In today’s fast-paced, hyper-connected world, investing is no longer a solo sport. The rise of social investing has transformed the way people trade, learn, and grow their wealth. Whether you're a seasoned trader or just getting started, chances are you've already encountered [social investors](https://nvstly.com)—on Twitter, Discord, Reddit, or even in group chats. But who exactly are they? And why is NVSTly the go-to platform for this new wave of investors? Let’s break it down. ## What is a Social Investor? A social investor is someone who engages in trading or investing with a strong focus on community, transparency, and collaboration. They're not just buying and selling behind closed doors. They're: - **Sharing trades and strategies in real time** - **Following top traders to learn from their wins (and losses)** - **Collaborating with others in [Discord servers](https://nvstly.com/go/discord), Telegram groups, and social media threads** - **Using data-driven insights from the crowd to sharpen their own edge** Social investors believe that trading is better together—and they’re not wrong. ## What Do Social Investors Do? Social investors operate at the intersection of finance and social media. Here's what their day-to-day might look like: ### ✅ Share Trades Publicly They log and post their trades for the community to see—building trust, accountability, and transparency. ### ✅ Follow Traders They Trust They find top-performing traders or those with a style that resonates, then follow their moves to learn, mirror, or improve their own game. ### ✅ Collaborate & Discuss Social investors thrive on conversation—sharing opinions, chart analysis, market sentiment, and more. ### ✅ Track Performance Over Time Many use dashboards to measure their win rates, gain/loss ratios, and trade history to keep improving. ## So… How Does Social Investing Actually Work? At its core, social investing works like this: 1. **Connect with the Community** Whether it’s a Discord server, app, or forum—start engaging. 2. **Log & Share Trades** Share your trade ideas, entries/exits, or even link your brokerage to auto-share your trades in real-time. 3. **Follow & Learn from Others** Use leaderboards, performance stats, and trade insights to follow [top traders](https://nvstly.com/ranks) or promising new ones. 4. **Analyze and Improve** Get real-time feedback, stats, and charts to refine your strategy and grow your edge. That’s where NVSTly comes in. ## Why NVSTly is the Best Platform for Social Investors NVSTly wasn’t just built for social investors—it was built by them. Whether you're day trading crypto, swinging options, or investing long-term in stocks, NVSTly gives you everything you need to track, share, analyze, and grow—together. Here’s what makes NVSTly stand out: - 🚀 **Real-Time Trade Sharing** Trades post instantly—on the app, and even in Discord—so your followers are always in the loop. - 📈 **POV Charts** Our unique Point-of-View Chart shows the exact candlestick where a trader made a move. No more guessing—you see the strategy play out visually. - 🧠 **Advanced Trade Insights** Dive into trade performance with key stats like win rate, average gain/loss, long vs short ratio, and even drawdowns. - 🌎 **Global Leaderboards** See who’s crushing it across the platform, by day, week, month, or all-time. Filter by asset class, strategy, and more. - 🔗 **Broker & Exchange Integration** Automatically track your trades from brokerages like Webull (with more on the way). No more manual input—just connect and go. - 📲 **Multi-Platform Access** Use NVSTly on [Web](https://nvstly.com), [iOS](https://nvstly.com/go/ios), [Android](https://nvstly.com/go/android)—and even directly inside Discord via the [NVSTly Bot](https://nvstly.com/go/bot). (Telegram support coming soon!) - 📣 **Instant Social Sharing** Auto-post your trades to Discord, X (Twitter), and other platforms the moment they happen. Build your brand while you trade. ## Social Investing is the Future. NVSTly is the Hub. Whether you’re looking to grow your audience, follow [expert traders](https://nvstly.com/ranks), or just become more disciplined in your own trading, NVSTly is where social investors thrive. Join 50,000+ traders who believe that sharing trades isn’t just about clout—it’s about accountability, growth, and community. ## Ready to Social Trade? Create your free account today and become part of the fastest-growing social trading platform in the game. 👉 **Start Trading with NVSTly** on the [web](https://nvstly.com), [iOS](https://nvstly.com/go/ios), [Android](https://nvstly.com/go/android), or through the [Discord app/bot](https://nvstly.com/go/bot).

@ f683e870:557f5ef2

When it comes to the Nostr Web of Trust, several NIPs have been proposed, but the one that seemed to gather the most traction was [Trusted Assertion](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1534) by [Vitor Pamplona](https://npub.world/npub1gcxzte5zlkncx26j68ez60fzkvtkm9e0vrwdcvsjakxf9mu9qewqlfnj5z). The idea is to have `kind:30382` represent *assertions* made about an *entity*, which could be a *pubkey*, for example. The NIP also specifies a tag called `rank`, which can be used to build some basic WoT primitives. Example event: ``` { "kind": 30382, "tags": [ ["d", "e88a6...50411"], ["rank", "89"], ["zap_amt_sent", "1000000"], ], "content": "", //... } ``` However, we quickly realized that this NIP was too limiting for what we wanted to accomplish: *real-time, personalized ranking*. To illustrate our different approaches, we will show how to replicate our [Verify Reputation](https://vertexlab.io/docs/nips/verify-reputation-dvm/) with trusted assertions. ## Verify Reputation [Verify Reputation](https://vertexlab.io/content/docs/nips/verify-reputation-dvm.md) returns: - the rank, follow count and followers count of the given `target` - its top followers by rank. All ranks are personalized to the given `source`. This “batteries included” solution helps users avoid impersonation and fraud with a single request, no matter what application they are using, be it a kind:1 client, chat app, wallet, marketplace, or more. !\[\](https://vertexlab.io/images/verify_reputation_example.png) To get the same result with trusted assertions, you would have to - Get all contact lists that contain the `target` (as a `p` tag) - Build the target’s `follower` list from those event authors - Get the trusted assertions for the target and each of the followers - Sort them by the rank provided by the trusted assertions This operation is computationally expensive, especially on mobile devices. It is clear that if the user is willing to verify and process a large number of events (potentially +100k), he can compute some (rudimentary) ranking directly on the device, without the need to trust a third party. **More generally, trusted assertions are very hard to use when one doesn’t know the pubkeys of the people he’s looking for.** **This goes fundamentally against our approach of Web of Trust, as a powerful mechanism for discovery.** --- Are you looking to add Web of Trust capabilities to your app or project? [Take a look at our website](https://vertexlab.io/) or [send a DM to Pip](https://npub.world/npub176p7sup477k5738qhxx0hk2n0cty2k5je5uvalzvkvwmw4tltmeqw7vgup).

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Was haben wir damals gelacht, als jede „Miss“ ihren Wunsch nach Weltfrieden artikulierte, um ihre Chancen, zur Welt Schönsten gekürt zu werden, zu erhöhen. Was wird heute gewünscht? Solidarität? Zusammenhalt gegen den Feind? Stärke? Ich weiß es nicht.&#x20; [https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/alle-waffen-still-gestanden/s-pmO0oieSdzK?](https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/alle-waffen-still-gestanden/s-pmO0oieSdzK?color=ffd400) Ich weiß nur, dass sich Intellektuelle, Künstler, Bürger durch alle Schichten wegen zunehmender Kriegsrhetorik, Aufrüstungspläne und Rekrutierungsideen große Sorgen um unser friedliches Zusammenleben machen. So lebt auch unsere lose Reihe „friedensnoten“ wieder auf. Hören Sie heute „Alle Waffen stillgestanden!“ des Liederpoeten Yann Song King. Der inspirierte den Philosphen- und Radialfeldforscher Uli Fischer zu einem Text den Ulrich Allroggen für uns eingelesen hat.

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Mux, die Hauptfigur im Film „Muxmäuschenstill“ von 2004, leidet an Rechthaberitis. Das geht so weit, dass er quasi als Verschmelzung von Denunziant, Kläger, Richter und Henker in Eigenregie Leute bestraft, die Gesetze oder Regeln verletzen - egal ob jemand zu schnell fährt, in der U-Bahn ohne Fahrschein fährt, Graffiti sprüht oder Ladendiebstahl begeht. Mux geht mit seiner Sichtweise zwar gesetzeskonform, aber er hat kein Mandat für seine Übergriffe, sagte kürzlich sinngemäß der Drehbuchautor Jan Henrik Stahlberg in einem Interview. Diese Blockwart-Mentalität verbindet man automatisch mit dem Dritten Reich, doch ihre Wurzeln liegen tiefer. In ihr steckt zugleich eine Sehnsucht nach Einigkeit wie sie Stahlberg auch in der bürgerlichen Bewegung der Romantik erkennt.&#x20; [https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/corona-schicksale-ein-buch-von-eugen-zentner?](https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/corona-schicksale-ein-buch-von-eugen-zentner?color=ffd400) Die Kehrseite dieses Harmoniestrebens ist eine Aversion gegen Differenzen, gegen abweichendes Verhalten und der Drang, dagegen vorzugehen. Nicht umsonst attestiert man den Deutschen eine starke Neigung zur Prozesshanselei. Im Alltag der meisten Leute hielten sich deren Auswüchse noch in Grenzen. Dann kam Corona. Während der sogenannten Pandemie wurde Mux zum Standard-Typus, zur Monika Mustermann des Mainstream. Die Folgen durften viele von uns am eigenen Leib erfahren. Eugen Zentner erinnert daran anhand von 15 exemplarischen Kurzgeschichten in seinem Buch „Corona-Schicksale“, das im März erschienen ist:\ [www.masselverlag.de/Programm/Corona-Schicksale/](https://gate.sc/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masselverlag.de%2FProgramm%2FCorona-Schicksale%2F\&token=c8d9a4-1-1744109568525 "https://www.masselverlag.de/Programm/Corona-Schicksale/") Unser Autor Jonny Rieder hat das Buch gelesen. Sprecher: Karsten Troyke. Redaktion: Jonny Rieder Bild: Ania Hardukiewicz / Massel Verlag Radio München\ [www.radiomuenchen.net/​](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiomuenchen.net%2F%E2%80%8B\&token=84650c-1-1744109568525 "http://www.radiomuenchen.net/​")\ @[radiomuenchen](https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen)\ [www.facebook.com/radiomuenchen](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fradiomuenchen\&token=4c7242-1-1744109568525 "http://www.facebook.com/radiomuenchen")\ [www.instagram.com/radio\_muenchen/](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fradio_muenchen%2F\&token=38d984-1-1744109568525 "http://www.instagram.com/radio_muenchen/")\ [twitter.com/RadioMuenchen](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRadioMuenchen\&token=23693-1-1744109568525 "http://twitter.com/RadioMuenchen")\ [odysee.com/@RadioMuenchen.net:9](https://gate.sc/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fodysee.com%2F%40RadioMuenchen.net%3A9\&token=adaff9-1-1744109568525 "https://odysee.com/@RadioMuenchen.net:9")\ [rumble.com/user/RadioMunchen](https://gate.sc/?url=https%3A%2F%2Frumble.com%2Fuser%2FRadioMunchen\&token=90713a-1-1744109568525 "https://rumble.com/user/RadioMunchen") Radio München ist eine gemeinnützige Unternehmung.\ Wir freuen uns, wenn Sie unsere Arbeit unterstützen. GLS-Bank\ IBAN: DE65 4306 0967 8217 9867 00\ BIC: GENODEM1GLS\ Bitcoin (BTC): bc1qqkrzed5vuvl82dggsyjgcjteylq5l58sz4s927\ Ethereum (ETH): 0xB9a49A0bda5FAc3F084D5257424E3e6fdD303482

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Eine Kolumne von Michael Sailer, jeden ersten Freitag bei Radio München, nachzulesen auf sailersblog.de. [https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/belastigungen-34-die-zeit-der-toten-stadte?](https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/belastigungen-34-die-zeit-der-toten-stadte?color=ffd400)

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Wie praktisch, das Smartphone, das ohnehin in der Hand liegt, etwas gegen den Scanner neigen: Bezahlung erfolgt! Die Bewusstheit aber, was mit dem Zurückdrängen des Bargeldes an Freiheitsverlusten einhergehen, steckt wahrlich in den Kinderschuhen. Muss zuerst ein Stromausfall die Bezahlungen verunmöglichen? Müssen wir erst auf ein Creditsystem warten, das uns den Kauf von unliebsamen Produkten verweigert um zu verstehen, dass Bargeld ein großes Stück Freiheit bedeutet? [https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/verbraucherzentrale-dokumentiert-bargeldablehnung-von-norbert-haring?](https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/verbraucherzentrale-dokumentiert-bargeldablehnung-von-norbert-haring?color=ffd400) Es sind nicht nur die alten Menschen, die am Bargeld hängen, weil ihnen das Digitale fremd ist. Immer noch etwa die Hälfte aller Geschäfte werden bar abgewickelt. Und jetzt erhalten die Verteidiger des Bargeldes unverhofft Unterstützung: die Verbraucherzentrale, denn Euro Banknoten und Münzen sind gemäß § 14 1 Satz 2 des Gesetzes über die Deutsche Bundesbank gesetzliches Zahlungsmittel. Das bedeutet, dass die Banknoten und Scheine prinzipiell von jedermann zur Begleichung von Geldforderungen akzeptiert werden müssen. Häufig aber wird in Restaurants und Cafés beispielsweise kein Bargeld mehr annehmen. Deshalb ruft die Verbraucherzentrale seit kurzem dazu auf, Bargeldablehnungen mit einem eigens dafür eingerichteten Formular zu melden. Hören Sie hierzu Norbert Härings Text „Verbraucherzentrale dokumentiert Bargeldablehnung“, der zunächst auf seinem Blog erschienen war. [norberthaering.de/bargeld-widersta…entrale-bargeld/](https://gate.sc/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnorberthaering.de%2Fbargeld-widerstand%2Fverbraucherzentrale-bargeld%2F\&token=f753a1-1-1744109220179 "https://norberthaering.de/bargeld-widerstand/verbraucherzentrale-bargeld/") Sprecher: Karsten Troyke Bild: Radio München [www.radiomuenchen.net/​](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiomuenchen.net%2F%E2%80%8B\&token=3864ce-1-1744109220180 "http://www.radiomuenchen.net/​")\ @[radiomuenchen](https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen)\ [www.facebook.com/radiomuenchen](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fradiomuenchen\&token=1c7149-1-1744109220180 "http://www.facebook.com/radiomuenchen")\ [www.instagram.com/radio\_muenchen/](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fradio_muenchen%2F\&token=fa8d83-1-1744109220180 "http://www.instagram.com/radio_muenchen/")\ [twitter.com/RadioMuenchen](https://gate.sc/?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRadioMuenchen\&token=fe51d2-1-1744109220180 "http://twitter.com/RadioMuenchen") Radio München ist eine gemeinnützige Unternehmung.\ Wir freuen uns, wenn Sie unsere Arbeit unterstützen. GLS-Bank\ IBAN: DE65 4306 0967 8217 9867 00\ BIC: GENODEM1GLS\ Bitcoin (BTC): bc1qqkrzed5vuvl82dggsyjgcjteylq5l58sz4s927\ Ethereum (ETH): 0xB9a49A0bda5FAc3F084D5257424E3e6fdD303482

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

النهاردة هنتكلم عن طريقة استثمار مختلفة: إزاي تستثمر في الدهب جوه مصر. فيه طريقتين: يا إما تشتري الدهب من محلات الصاغة يا إما تستثمر أونلاين (زي صندوق AZG). أنا بفضل الطريقة الأونلاين عشان سهلة والحد الأدنى للاستثمار أقل بكتير، بس فيه عمولة سنوية. هشرح مميزات وعيوب كل طريقة بالتفصيل. --- ## الدهب الحقيقي ### المميزات - استثمار في أصل حقيقي تقدر تلمسه - مش محتاج أوراق ولا كارت بنك عشان تشتري ### العيوب - محتاج مكان آمن تخزنه فيه (بيتك أو خزنة في البنك) - الحد الأدنى للاستثمار عالي (جرام أو ربع جرام) - ممكن تشتري دهب مغشوش لو مشتريتش من مكان موثوق فيه --- ## الدهب الإلكتروني ### المميزات - سهل وسريع في الشرا والبيع - الورق المطلوب بسيط (صورة البطاقة بس) - تقدر تستثمر بفلوس قليلة ### العيوب - العمولات السنوية عالية شوية --- ## المنصات للشرا أونلاين، أنا عارف بس منصة AZG سواء عن طريق AZinvest أو من خلال برامج التداول زي ثاندر. بنصح باستخدام AZinvest عشان أسهل وكل الإجراءات بتتم أونلاين، أما منصة ثاندر فمحتاجة توقع ورق وبتاخد وقت أطول. ## منصة AZinvest ده تطبيق تابع لشركة أزموت (اللي مالكة صندوق الدهب وصناديق استثمارية تانية). الخطوات سهلة: 1. تنزل التطبيق 2. تسجل باستخدام صورة البطاقة 3. توقع العقد أونلاين 4. تحط فلوس عن طريق التحويل البنكي (إنستاباي) أو كارت البنك المشكلة الوحيدة هي عمولة السحب (2 جنيه لبنك مصر، وأكتر للبنوك التانية). ممكن تتجنب العمولة دي لو سجلت من خلال منصة تانية زي ثاندر. ويمكن شئ تاني و هو مواعيد الشراء و البيع و هي من كل اثنين لخميس لو عملت امر البيع قبل 12 الظهر هيبقي بنفس اليوم ولكن لو بعد يبقي تاني يوم (+ يوم او يومين عمل لو سحب لحسابك البنكي) بس دا كله يعتبر متوقع و طبيعي بس هي لو حاطط في بالك هتبقي بسرعة و ملحوظة مهمة لما تيجي تبيع حصص في كل مرة هيخصموا عمولة الصندوق 4.9% فا حاول لو هتخرج خالص بيع كلة مرة واحدة و العمولة بتقل كل سنة لحد التالتة او الرابعة بتبقي من غير عمولة --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- شوف الكومنتات لو فيه أي تعديل أو بوستات جديدة.

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

*** **Autor: Lionne Douce.** (Bild: [Florian Simon Eiler](https://www.floriansimoneiler.com/)). *Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem **[Pareto-Client](https://pareto.space/read)** geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden **[hier.](https://pareto.space/read?category=friedenstaube)*** ***  *** **LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!** ***[Hier](https://pareto.space/u/friedenstaube@pareto.space)*** *können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt. (Vorerst an alle, da wir den Mailversand testen, später ca. drei Mails pro Woche.).* Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen: * Für **50 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube. * Für **120 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Für **500 CHF/EURO** werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Ab **1000 CHF** werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie). **Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):**  **Für Einzahlungen in Euro:** Milosz Matuschek IBAN DE 53710520500000814137 BYLADEM1TST Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg **Betreff: Friedenstaube** Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: <milosz@pareto.space> *** **Sie sind noch nicht auf** [Nostr](https://nostr.com/) **and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil!** Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf [Start.](https://start.njump.me/) Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im [Pareto-Wiki.](https://wiki.pareto.space/de/home)

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

> [Read the original blog post](https://blog.kycnot.me/p/new-kycnot) The new website is finally live! I put in a lot of hard work over the past months on it. I'm proud to say that it's out now and it looks pretty cool, at least to me! ## Why rewrite it all? The old kycnot.me site was built using Python with Flask about two years ago. Since then, I've gained a lot more experience with Golang and coding in general. Trying to update that old codebase, which had a lot of *design flaws*, would have been a bad idea. It would have been like building on an *unstable foundation*. That's why I made the decision to rewrite the entire application. Initially, I chose to use SvelteKit with JavaScript. I did manage to create a stable site that looked similar to the new one, but it required Jav aScript to work. As I kept coding, I started feeling like I was repeating *"the Python mistake"*. I was writing the app in a language I wasn't very familiar with (just like when I was learning Python at that mom ent), and I wasn't happy with the code. It felt like *spaghetti code* all the time. So, I made a complete U-turn and started over, this time using Golang. While I'm not as proficient in Golang as I am in Python now, I find it to be a *very enjoyable language* to code with. Most aof my recent pr ojects have been written in Golang, and I'm getting the hang of it. I tried to make the best decisions I could and *structure the code* as well as possible. Of course, there's still *room for improvement*, which I'll address in future updates. Now I have a more *maintainable website* that can *scale* much better. It uses a *real database* instead of a JSON file like the old site, and I can add many more features. Since I chose to go with Golang, I mad e the "tradeoff" of not using JavaScript at all, so all the rendering load falls on the server. But I believe it's a tradeoff that's worth it. ## What's new - **UI/UX** - I've designed a new logo and color palette for kycnot.me. I think it looks pretty cool and cypherpunk. I am not a graphic designer, but I think I did a decent work and I put a lot of thinking on it to make it pleasant! - **Point system** - The new [point system](https://kycnot.me/about#what-is-a-point) provides more detailed information about the listings, and **can** be expanded to cover additional features across all services. Anyone can request a new **point**! - **ToS Scrapper**: I've implemented a powerful automated terms-of-service scrapper that collects all the ToS pages from the listings. It saves you from the hassle of reading the ToS by listing the lines that are suspiciously related to KYC/AML practices. This is still in development and it will improve for sure, but it works pretty fine right now! - **Search bar** - The new search bar allows you to easily filter services. It performs a full-text search on the Title, Description, Category, and Tags of all the services. Looking for VPN services? Just search for "vpn"! - **Transparency** - To be more [transparent](https://beta.kycnot.me/about#transparency), all discussions about services now take place publicly on GitLab. I won't be answering any e-mails (an auto-reply will prompt to write to the corresponding Gitlab issue). This ensures that all service-related matters are publicly accessible and recorded. Additionally, there's a real-time [audits](https://beta.kycnot.me/about#audit) page that displays database changes. - **Listing Requests** - I have upgraded the request system. The new form allows you to directly request services or points without any extra steps. In the future, I plan to enable requests for specific changes to parts of the website. - **Lightweight and fast** - The new site is lighter and faster than its predecessor! - **Tor and I2P** - At last! kycnot.me is now officially on [Tor and I2P](https://beta.kycnot.me/about#tor-and-i2p)! ## How? This rewrite has been a labor of love, in the end, I've been working on this for more than 3 months now. I don't have a team, so I work by myself on my free time, but I find great joy in helping people on their private journey with cryptocurrencies. Making it easier for individuals to use cryptocurrencies **without KYC** is a goal I am proud of! If you appreciate [my work](https://kycnot.me/about#about), you can support me through the methods listed [here](https://kycnot.me/about#support). Alternatively, feel free to send me an email with a kind message! ### Technical details All the code is written in [Golang](https://go.dev), the website makes use of the [chi](https://go-chi.io) router for the routing part. I also make use of [BigCache](https://github.com/allegro/bigcache) for caching database requests. There is 0 JavaScript, so all the rendering load falls on the server, this means it needed to be efficient enough to not drawn with a few users since the old site was reporting about **2M** requests per month on average (note that this are not unique users). The database is running with [mariadb](https://mariadb.org/), using [gorm](https://gorm.io) as the ORM. This is more than enough for this project. I started working with an `sqlite` database, but I ended up migrating to **mariadb** since it works better with JSON. The scraper is using [chromedp](https://github.com/chromedp/chromedp) combined with a series of keywords, regex and other logic. It runs every 24h and scraps all the services. You can find the scraper code [here](https://gitlab.com/kycnot/kycnot.me/-/tree/main/scraper). The frontend is written using **Golang Templates** for the HTML, and [TailwindCSS](https://tailwindcss.com/) plus [DaisyUI](https://daisyui.com) for the CSS classes framework. I also use some plain CSS, but it's minimal. The requests forms is the only part of the project that requires JavaScript to be enabled. It is needed for parsing some from fields that are a bit complex and for the *"captcha"*, which is a simple *Proof of Work* that runs on your browser, destinated to avoid spam. For this, I use [mCaptcha](https://mcaptcha.org/).

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

> [Read the original blog post](https://blog.kycnot.me/p/kyc-no-thanks) Know Your Customer is a regulation that requires companies of all sizes to verify the identity, suitability, and risks involved with maintaining a business relationship with a customer. Such procedures fit within the broader scope of anti-money laundering (AML) and counterterrorism financing (CTF) regulations. Banks, exchanges, online business, mail providers, domain registrars... Everyone wants to know who you are before you can even opt for their service. Your personal information is flowing around the internet in the hands of "god-knows-who" and secured by "trust-me-bro military-grade encryption". Once your account is linked to your personal (and verified) identity, tracking you is just as easy as keeping logs on all these platforms. ## Rights for Illusions KYC processes aim to combat terrorist financing, money laundering, and other illicit activities. On the surface, KYC seems like a commendable initiative. I mean, who wouldn't want to halt terrorists and criminals in their tracks? The logic behind KYC is: "If we mandate every financial service provider to identify their users, it becomes easier to pinpoint and apprehend the malicious actors." However, terrorists and criminals are not precisely lining up to be identified. They're crafty. They may adopt false identities or find alternative strategies to continue their operations. Far from being outwitted, many times they're several steps ahead of regulations. Realistically, KYC might deter a small fraction – let's say about 1% [^1] – of these malefactors. Yet, the cost? All of us are saddled with the inconvenient process of identification just to use a service. Under the rhetoric of "ensuring our safety", governments and institutions enact regulations that seem more out of a dystopian novel, gradually taking away our right to privacy. To illustrate, consider a city where the mayor has rolled out facial recognition cameras in every nook and cranny. A band of criminals, intent on robbing a local store, rolls in with a stolen car, their faces obscured by masks and their bodies cloaked in all-black clothes. Once they've committed the crime and exited the city's boundaries, they switch vehicles and clothes out of the cameras' watchful eyes. The high-tech surveillance? It didn’t manage to identify or trace them. Yet, for every law-abiding citizen who merely wants to drive through the city or do some shopping, their movements and identities are constantly logged. The irony? This invasive tracking impacts all of us, just to catch the 1% [^1] of less-than-careful criminals. ## KYC? Not you. > KYC creates barriers to participation in normal economic activity, to supposedly stop criminals. [^2] KYC puts barriers between many users and businesses. One of these comes from the fact that the process often requires multiple forms of identification, proof of address, and sometimes even financial records. For individuals in areas with poor record-keeping, non-recognized legal documents, or those who are unbanked, homeless or transient, obtaining these documents can be challenging, if not impossible. For people who are not skilled with technology or just don't have access to it, there's also a barrier since KYC procedures are mostly online, leaving them inadvertently excluded. Another barrier goes for the casual or one-time user, where they might not see the value in undergoing a rigorous KYC process, and these requirements can deter them from using the service altogether. It also wipes some businesses out of the equation, since for smaller businesses, the costs associated with complying with KYC norms—from the actual process of gathering and submitting documents to potential delays in operations—can be prohibitive in economical and/or technical terms. ## You're not welcome Imagine a swanky new club in town with a strict "members only" sign. You hear the music, you see the lights, and you want in. You step up, ready to join, but suddenly there's a long list of criteria you must meet. After some time, you are finally checking all the boxes. But then the club rejects your membership with no clear reason why. You just weren't accepted. Frustrating, right? This club scenario isn't too different from the fact that KYC is being used by many businesses as a convenient gatekeeping tool. A perfect excuse based on a "legal" procedure they are obliged to. Even some exchanges may randomly use this to freeze and block funds from users, claiming these were "flagged" by a cryptic system that inspects the transactions. You are left hostage to their arbitrary decision to let you successfully pass the KYC procedure. If you choose to sidestep their invasive process, they might just hold onto your funds indefinitely. ## Your identity has been stolen KYC data has been found to be for sale on many dark net markets[^3]. Exchanges may have leaks or hacks, and such leaks contain **very** sensitive data. We're talking about the full monty: passport or ID scans, proof of address, and even those awkward selfies where you're holding up your ID next to your face. All this data is being left to the mercy of the (mostly) "trust-me-bro" security systems of such companies. Quite scary, isn't it? As cheap as $10 for 100 documents, with discounts applying for those who buy in bulk, the personal identities of innocent users who passed KYC procedures are for sale. [^3] In short, if you have ever passed the KYC/AML process of a crypto exchange, your privacy is at risk of being compromised, or it might even have already been compromised. ## (they) Know Your Coins You may already know that **Bitcoin and most cryptocurrencies have a transparent public blockchain**, meaning that all data is shown unencrypted for everyone to see and recorded **forever**. If you link an address you own to your identity through KYC, for example, by sending an amount from a KYC exchange to it, your Bitcoin is no longer pseudonymous and can then be traced. If, for instance, you send Bitcoin from such an identified address to another KYC'ed address (say, from a friend), everyone having access to that address-identity link information (exchanges, governments, hackers, etc.) will be able to associate that transaction and know who you are transacting with. ## Conclusions To sum up, **KYC does not protect individuals**; rather, it's a threat to our privacy, freedom, security and integrity. Sensible information flowing through the internet is thrown into chaos by dubious security measures. It puts borders between many potential customers and businesses, and it helps governments and companies track innocent users. That's the chaos KYC has stirred. The criminals are using stolen identities from companies that gathered them thanks to these very same regulations that were supposed to combat them. Criminals always know how to circumvent such regulations. In the end, normal people are the most affected by these policies. The threat that KYC poses to individuals in terms of privacy, security and freedom is not to be neglected. And if we don’t start challenging these systems and questioning their efficacy, we are just one step closer to the dystopian future that is now foreseeable. > Edited 20/03/2024 > * Add reference to the 1% statement on [Rights for Illusions](#rights-for-illusions) section to an article where Chainalysis found that only 0.34% of the transaction volume with cryptocurrencies in 2023 was attributable to criminal activity [^1] [^1]: https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/2024-crypto-crime-report-introduction/ [^2]: https://old.reddit.com/r/BitcoinBeginners/comments/k2bve1/is_kyc_bad_if_so_why/gdtc8kz [^3]: https://www.ccn.com/hacked-customer-data-from-world-leading-cryptocurrency-exchanges-for-sale-on-the-dark-web/

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

> [Read the original blog post](https://blog.kycnot.me/p/website-updates) Over the past few months, I've dedicated my time to a complete rewrite of the kycnot.me website. The technology stack remains unchanged; Golang paired with TailwindCSS. However, I've made some design choices in this iteration that I believe significantly enhance the site. Particularly to backend code. ## UI Improvements You'll notice a refreshed UI that retains the original concept but has some notable enhancements. The service list view is now more visually engaging, it displays additional information in a more aesthetically pleasing manner. Both filtering and searching functionalities have been optimized for speed and user experience. Service pages have been also redesigned to highlight key information at the top, with the KYC Level box always accessible. The display of service attributes is now more visually intuitive. The request form, especially the Captcha, has undergone substantial improvements. The new self-made Captcha is robust, addressing the reliability issues encountered with the previous version. ## Terms of Service Summarizer A significant upgrade is the Terms of Service summarizer/reviewer, now powered by AI (GPT-4-turbo). It efficiently condenses each service's ToS, extracting and presenting critical points, including any warnings. Summaries are updated monthly, processing over 40 ToS pages via the OpenAI API using a self-crafted and thoroughly tested prompt. ## Nostr Comments I've integrated a comment section for each service using [Nostr](https://usenostr.org). For guidance on using this feature, visit the [dedicated how-to page](https://kycnot.me/nostr). ## Database The backend database has transitioned to [pocketbase](https://pocketbase.io), an open-source Golang backend that has been a pleasure to work with. I maintain an updated fork of the Golang SDK for pocketbase at [pluja/pocketbase](https://github.com/pluja/pocketbase). ## Scoring The scoring algorithm has also been refined to be more fair. Despite I had considered its removal due to the complexity it adds (it is very difficult to design a fair scoring system), some users highlighted its value, so I kept it. The updated algorithm is available [open source](https://codeberg.org/pluja/kycnot.me). ## Listings Each listing has been re-evaluated, and the ones that were no longer operational were removed. New additions are included, and the backlog of pending services will be addressed progressively, since I still have access to the old database. ## API The API now offers more comprehensive data. For more details, [check here](https://kycnot.me/about#api). ## About Page The About page has been restructured for brevity and clarity. ## Other Changes Extensive changes have been implemented in the server-side logic, since the whole code base was re-written from the ground up. I may discuss these in a future post, but for now, I consider the current version to be just a bit beyond beta, and additional updates are planned in the coming weeks.

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

> [Read the original blog post](https://blog.kycnot.me/p/monero-history) Bitcoin enthusiasts frequently and correctly remark how much value it adds to Bitcoin not to have a face, a leader, or a central authority behind it. This particularity means there isn't a single person to exert control over, or a single human point of failure who could become corrupt or harmful to the project. Because of this, it is said that no other coin can be equally valuable as Bitcoin in terms of decentralization and trustworthiness. Bitcoin is unique not just for being first, but also because of how the events behind its inception developed. This implies that, from Bitcoin onwards, any coin created would have been created by someone, consequently having an authority behind it. For this and some other reasons, some people refer to Bitcoin as "[The Immaculate Conception](https://yewtu.be/watch?v=FXvQcuIb5rU)". While other coins may have their own unique features and advantages, they may not be able to replicate Bitcoin's community-driven nature. However, one other cryptocurrency shares a similar story of mystery behind its creation: **Monero**. ## History of Monero ### Bytecoin and CryptoNote In March 2014, a Bitcointalk thread titled "*Bytecoin. Secure, private, untraceable since 2012*" was initiated by a user under the nickname "**DStrange**"[^1^]. DStrange presented Bytecoin (BCN) as a unique cryptocurrency, in operation since July 2012. Unlike Bitcoin, it employed a new algorithm known as CryptoNote. DStrange apparently stumbled upon the Bytecoin website by chance while mining a dying bitcoin fork, and decided to create a thread on Bitcointalk[^1^]. This sparked curiosity among some users, who wondered how could Bytecoin remain unnoticed since its alleged launch in 2012 until then[^2^] [^3^]. Some time after, a user brought up the "CryptoNote v2.0" whitepaper for the first time, underlining its innovative features[^4^]. Authored by the pseudonymous **Nicolas van Saberhagen** in October 2013, the CryptoNote v2 whitepaper[^5^] highlighted the traceability and privacy problems in Bitcoin. Saberhagen argued that these flaws could not be quickly fixed, suggesting it would be more efficient to start a new project rather than trying to patch the original[^5^], an statement simmilar to the one from Satoshi Nakamoto[^6^]. Checking with Saberhagen's digital signature, the release date of the whitepaper seemed correct, which would mean that Cryptonote (v1) was created in 2012[^7^] [^8^], although there's an important detail: *"Signing time is from the clock on the signer's computer"* [^9^]. Moreover, the whitepaper v1 contains a footnote link to a Bitcointalk post dated May 5, 2013[^10^], making it impossible for the whitepaper to have been signed and released on December 12, 2012. As the narrative developed, users discovered that a significant **80% portion of Bytecoin had been pre-mined**[^11^] and blockchain dates seemed to be faked to make it look like it had been operating since 2012, leading to controversy surrounding the project. The origins of CryptoNote and Bytecoin remain mysterious, leaving suspicions of a possible scam attempt, although the whitepaper had a good amount of work and thought on it. ### The fork In April 2014, the Bitcointalk user **`thankful_for_today`**, who had also participated in the Bytecoin thread[^12^], announced plans to launch a Bytecoin fork named **Bitmonero**[^13^] [^14^]. The primary motivation behind this fork was *"Because there is a number of technical and marketing issues I wanted to do differently. And also because I like ideas and technology and I want it to succeed"*[^14^]. This time Bitmonero did things different from Bytecoin: there was no premine or instamine, and no portion of the block reward went to development. However, thankful_for_today proposed controversial changes that the community disagreed with. **Johnny Mnemonic** relates the events surrounding Bitmonero and thankful_for_today in a Bitcointalk comment[^15^]: > When thankful_for_today launched BitMonero [...] he ignored everything that was discussed and just did what he wanted. The block reward was considerably steeper than what everyone was expecting. He also moved forward with 1-minute block times despite everyone's concerns about the increase of orphan blocks. He also didn't address the tail emission concern that should've (in my opinion) been in the code at launch time. Basically, he messed everything up. *Then, he disappeared*. After disappearing for a while, thankful_for_today returned to find that the community had taken over the project. Johnny Mnemonic continues: > I, and others, started working on new forks that were closer to what everyone else was hoping for. [...] it was decided that the BitMonero project should just be taken over. There were like 9 or 10 interested parties at the time if my memory is correct. We voted on IRC to drop the "bit" from BitMonero and move forward with the project. Thankful_for_today suddenly resurfaced, and wasn't happy to learn the community had assumed control of the coin. He attempted to maintain his own fork (still calling it "BitMonero") for a while, but that quickly fell into obscurity. The unfolding of these events show us the roots of Monero. Much like Satoshi Nakamoto, the creators behind CryptoNote/Bytecoin and thankful_for_today remain a mystery[^17^] [^18^], having disappeared without a trace. This enigma only adds to Monero's value. Since community took over development, believing in the project's potential and its ability to be guided in a better direction, Monero was given one of Bitcoin's most important qualities: **a leaderless nature**. With no single face or entity directing its path, Monero is safe from potential corruption or harm from a "central authority". The community continued developing Monero until today. Since then, Monero has undergone a lot of technological improvements, migrations and achievements such as [RingCT](https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/ringCT.html) and [RandomX](https://github.com/tevador/randomx). It also has developed its own [Community Crowdfundinc System](https://ccs.getmonero.org/), conferences such as [MoneroKon](https://monerokon.org/) and [Monerotopia](https://monerotopia.com/) are taking place every year, and has a very active [community](https://www.getmonero.org/community/hangouts/) around it. > Monero continues to develop with goals of privacy and security first, ease of use and efficiency second. [^16^] This stands as a testament to the power of a dedicated community operating without a central figure of authority. This decentralized approach aligns with the original ethos of cryptocurrency, making Monero a prime example of community-driven innovation. For this, I thank all the people involved in Monero, that lead it to where it is today. *If you find any information that seems incorrect, unclear or any missing important events, please [contact me](https://kycnot.me/about#contact) and I will make the necessary changes.* ### Sources of interest * https://forum.getmonero.org/20/general-discussion/211/history-of-monero * https://monero.stackexchange.com/questions/852/what-is-the-origin-of-monero-and-its-relationship-to-bytecoin * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monero * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=583449.0 * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=563821.0 * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=233561 * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0 * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.0 * https://monero.stackexchange.com/a/1024 * https://inspec2t-project.eu/cryptocurrency-with-a-focus-on-anonymity-these-facts-are-known-about-monero/ * https://medium.com/coin-story/coin-perspective-13-riccardo-spagni-69ef82907bd1 * https://www.getmonero.org/resources/about/ * https://www.wired.com/2017/01/monero-drug-dealers-cryptocurrency-choice-fire/ * https://www.monero.how/why-monero-vs-bitcoin * https://old.reddit.com/r/Monero/comments/u8e5yr/satoshi_nakamoto_talked_about_privacy_features/ [^1^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0 [^2^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg5901770#msg5901770 [^3^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg5950051#msg5950051 [^4^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg5953783#msg5953783 [^5^]: https://bytecoin.org/old/whitepaper.pdf [^6^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=770.msg8637#msg8637 [^7^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg7039536#msg7039536 [^8^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg7039689#msg7039689 [^9^]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/qtJ43.png [^10^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112 [^11^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg6265128#msg6265128 [^12^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg5711328#msg5711328 [^13^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.msg6146717#msg6146717 [^14^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=563821.0 [^15^]: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=583449.msg10731078#msg10731078 [^16^]: https://www.getmonero.org/resources/about/ [^17^]: https://old.reddit.com/r/Monero/comments/lz2e5v/going_deep_in_the_cryptonote_rabbit_hole_who_was/ [^18^]: https://old.reddit.com/r/Monero/comments/oxpimb/is_there_any_evidence_that_thankful_for_today/

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

> [Read the original blog post](https://blog.kycnot.me/p/four-years) > “The future is there... staring back at us. Trying to make sense of the fiction we will have become.” > — William Gibson. This month is [the 4th anniversary](#the-anniversary) of kycnot.me. Thank you for being here. Fifteen years ago, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced Bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic cash system: a decentralized currency **free from government and institutional control**. Nakamoto's whitepaper showed a vision for a financial system based on trustless transactions, secured by cryptography. Some time forward and KYC (Know Your Customer), AML (Anti-Money Laundering), and CTF (Counter-Terrorism Financing) regulations started to come into play. What a paradox: to engage with a system designed for decentralization, privacy, and independence, we are forced to give away our personal details. Using Bitcoin in the economy requires revealing your identity, not just to the party you interact with, but also to third parties who must track and report the interaction. You are forced to give sensitive data to entities you don't, can't, and shouldn't trust. Information can never be kept 100% safe; there's always a risk. Information is power, who knows about you has control over you. Information asymmetry creates imbalances of power. When entities have detailed knowledge about individuals, they can manipulate, influence, or exploit this information to their advantage. The accumulation of personal data by corporations and governments enables extensive surveillances. Such practices, moreover, exclude individuals from traditional economic systems if their documentation doesn't meet arbitrary standards, reinforcing a dystopian divide. Small businesses are similarly burdened by the costs of implementing these regulations, hindering free market competition[^1]:  How will they keep this information safe? Why do they need my identity? Why do they force businesses to enforce such regulations? It's always for your safety, to protect you from the "bad". Your life is perpetually in danger: terrorists, money launderers, villains... so the government steps in to save us. > ‟Hush now, baby, baby, don't you cry > Mamma's gonna make all of your nightmares come true > Mamma's gonna put all of her fears into you > Mamma's gonna keep you right here, under her wing > She won't let you fly, but she might let you sing > Mamma's gonna keep baby cosy and warm” > — Mother, Pink Floyd We must resist any attack on our privacy and freedom. To do this, we must collaborate. If you have a service, refuse to ask for KYC; find a way. Accept cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Monero. Commit to circular economies. Remove the need to go through the FIAT system. People need fiat money to use most services, but we can change that. If you're a user, donate to and prefer using services that accept such currencies. Encourage your friends to accept cryptocurrencies as well. Boycott FIAT system to the greatest extent you possibly can. This may sound utopian, but it can be achieved. This movement can't be stopped. Go kick the hornet's nest. > “We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.” > — Eric Hughes, A Cypherpunk's Manifesto ## The anniversary Four years ago, I began exploring ways to use crypto without KYC. I bookmarked a few favorite services and thought sharing them to the world might be useful. That was the first version of [kycnot.me](https://kycnot.me) — a simple list of about 15 services. Since then, I've added services, rewritten it three times, and improved it to what it is now. [kycnot.me](https://kycnot.me) has remained 100% independent and 100% open source[^2] all these years. I've received offers to buy the site, all of which I have declined and will continue to decline. It has been DDoS attacked many times, but we made it through. I have also rewritten the whole site almost once per year (three times in four years). The code and scoring algorithm are open source (contributions are welcome) and I can't arbitrarly change a service's score without adding or removing attributes, making any arbitrary alterations obvious if they were fake. You can even see [the score summary](https://https://kycnot.me/api/v1/service/bisq/summary) for any service's score. I'm a one-person team, dedicating my free time to this project. I hope to keep doing so for many more years. Again, thank you for being part of this. [^1]: https://x.com/freedomtech/status/1796190018588872806 [^2]: https://codeberg.org/pluja/kycnot.me

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/937791

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เรื่องมันเริ่มจากมีคนถามว่า ขนมของผมเป็นขนม healthy ใช่ไหมคะ มีคนชื่นชมเยอะเลยจะมาสั่งบ้าง ผมได้แต่ตอบไปว่า ขนมของผมไม่ใช่ขนม healthy มันเป็นแค่ขนมทางเลือก เป็นอีกทางเลือกนึงของคนที่อยากเลือก โดยผมจะให้รายละเอียดวัตถุดิบว่ามีอะไร แล้วสารอาหารเป็นประมาณเท่าไร ให้เขาเลือกเอาเอง ผมเลยไม่เคยตอบเลยว่า คนท้องกินได้ไหม คนป่วยเบาหวานกินได้ไหม และผมมักตอบว่า เจ้าตัวควรจะรู้ได้เองเมื่อทราบวัตถุดิบ ว่าตัวเองกินได้ไหม ผมว่า ผมแม่งโคตรแฟร์ในเรื่องการให้ข้อมูลก่อนซื้อแล้วนะ มันก็เลยเกิดข้อสงสัยว่า เมื่อเราตั้งคำถามกับคำว่า “Healthy” ว่านิยามของมันคือ ดีต่อสุขภาพ หรือ แค่ไม่ทำร้ายสุขภาพ? ในยุคที่โลกเต็มไปด้วยคำศัพท์ใหม่ ๆ เกี่ยวกับสุขภาพ ที่เอามาช่วยในการขายของนั้น บางครั้งคำว่า “healthy” ที่เราได้ยินกันบ่อย ๆ ก็ไม่ค่อยชัดเจนเท่าไรนัก คนส่วนใหญ่เข้าใจว่าคำนี้น่าจะหมายถึง “ดีต่อสุขภาพ” ความหมายของมันอาจจะไม่เป็นเช่นนั้นเสมอไป และการเข้าใจคำว่า “healthy” นั้นสำคัญยิ่งกว่าที่คิด ถ้าจะให้ถามกันตรง ๆ คือ คำว่า “healthy” จริง ๆ ควรจะหมายถึงอะไร? “Healthy” หรือ “Not Harmful”? หลายครั้งที่เราพบคำว่า “healthy” ใช้กับผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ดูเหมือนจะดีต่อสุขภาพ เช่น ขนมสุขภาพ น้ำผลไม้คั้นสด หรืออาหารมังสวิรัติ ซึ่งทุกอย่างนี้อาจจะทำให้เราคิดว่าเป็นอาหารที่ “ดีต่อสุขภาพ” แต่ถ้าลองมองให้ลึกขึ้น คุณอาจจะพบว่า คำว่า “healthy” ที่เราคุ้นเคย อาจหมายถึงเพียงแค่ “ไม่ทำร้ายสุขภาพ” มากกว่าที่จะเป็นสิ่งที่มีประโยชน์จริง ๆ ต่อร่างกายหรือเปล่า? ความแตกต่างระหว่าง “ดีต่อสุขภาพ” กับ “แค่ไม่ทำร้ายสุขภาพ” อาหารที่เรียกว่า “healthy” ในปัจจุบันบางครั้งอาจจะไม่ได้ดีต่อร่างกายมากเท่าที่คิด เพราะอาจมีส่วนผสมที่ปรุงแต่งมากเกินไป เช่น น้ำตาลที่ซ่อนอยู่ในน้ำผลไม้คั้นสดหรือขนมที่ผลิตจากแป้งปริมาณมากเกินไป หรือแม้แต่ผ่านกระบวนการแบบ ultra processed ที่พวกนี้บางครั้งมันอาจจะไม่ทำร้ายร่างกายในระยะสั้นทันทีแต่ในระยะยาวอาจจะสะสมผลเสียต่อสุขภาพได้อยู่ดี แต่ถูก bold บางตัวมาชูความ healthy เสียอย่างนั้น เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับอาหารที่ “ดีต่อสุขภาพ” อาหารประเภทนี้ควรจะเป็น อาหารจากธรรมชาติที่ไม่ผ่านกระบวนการปรุงแต่งหรือแปรรูปมาก หรือเปล่า? เพราะอาหารเหล่านี้จะให้คุณค่าทางโภชนาการที่ร่างกายต้องการ เช่น โปรตีนคุณภาพสูงจากสัตว์ หรือ ผักผลไม้ที่ปลูกในระบบเกษตรอินทรีย์ ซึ่งมีสารอาหารที่ไม่เพียงแค่ไม่ทำร้ายร่างกาย แต่ยังช่วยเสริมสร้างระบบต่าง ๆ ในร่างกายให้ทำงานได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ “Not Harmful” ยังไม่พอ แต่อาหารที่แค่ “ไม่ทำร้ายสุขภาพ” ยังไม่เพียงพอที่จะเรียกว่า “healthy” เพราะอาหารเหล่านี้บางตัวอาจจะมีมุมกลับที่ไม่ได้สร้างผลเสียทันที แต่ก็อาจไม่ได้ให้ประโยชน์อะไรกับร่างกายเท่าที่ควรเป็นเช่นกัน การรับประทานอาหารที่แค่ “ไม่ทำร้ายสุขภาพ“ นั้นในระยะยาวอาจไม่ส่งผลต่อการมีสุขภาพที่แข็งแรงจริง ๆ เพราะแค่ ”ไม่ทำร้าย“ “not harmful” ยังไม่ใช่ “healthy” เพราะมันไม่ได้ดีต่อสุขภาพ แต่มันแค่ “ไม่ร้ายแรงทันที” หรือพูดให้ชัดคือ แค่ไม่ทำร้ายสุขภาพเร็วเกินไปนัก เช่น ขนมที่บอกว่า “ไม่มีน้ำตาล” แต่ยังใช้สารให้ความหวานสังเคราะห์ เครื่องดื่มที่โฆษณาว่า “ลดแคลอรี่” แต่แฝงไปด้วยสารเคมีหรือสารปรุงแต่งที่ร่างกายไม่สามารถย่อยได้ดี ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่บอกว่า “ใช้ได้สำหรับมังสวิรัติ” แต่เต็มไปด้วยแป้งขัดขาวหรือสารกันบูด หรือแม้แต่อาหารสารพัด ins หรือแม้แต่อาหารที่หลอกล่อให้กินเกินความต้องการ ชูตัวนึงแต่เนียนไม่บอกอีกตัวนึง เช่นชูโปรตีน แต่เงียบเรื่องคาร์บสูงมาก แถมบางครั้งมาในความ over claim ดึงสารตัวเล็กๆมาชูภายใต้คำว่า “มี xxxx ดีเพราะช่วยด้าน xxxx” ทั้งที่จะสัมฤทธิ์ผลต้องดื่มเป็นสิบๆแก้ว ซึ่งใช้ไม่ได้จริง “Healthy” ที่แท้จริง อาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพ จึงควรเป็นอาหารที่เมื่อกินเข้าไปแล้ว ร่างกายได้รับ สารอาหารที่มีประโยชน์จริง ๆ ที่ช่วยเสริมสร้างและซ่อมแซมระบบต่าง ๆ ในร่างกาย อย่างเต็มที่เช่น • โปรตีนจากแหล่งธรรมชาติ อย่างเนื้อสัตว์ที่เลี้ยงแบบอิสระ หรือไข่ที่มาจากฟาร์มที่เลี้ยงตามธรรมชาติ • ไขมันที่ดีต่อสุขภาพ เช่น ไขมันจากสัตว์ที่เลี้ยงแบบธรรมชาติ ไขมันโอเมก้า 3 ที่มาจากปลา หรือไขมันพืชที่มีสัดส่วนโอเมก้า 6 ไม่มากจนไม่สามารถสมดุล โอเมก้า 3 ได้ทัน • ผักผลไม้สดที่ไม่ผ่านการแปรรูป เพราะยังพอมีไฟเบอร์ วิตามิน และแร่ธาตุที่ร่างกายเอาไปใช้งานได้บ้าง แต่ต้องผ่านการลดระดับของ anti-nutrient หลายครั้งเราเห็นขนม healthy ไม่ว่าจะคลีน วีแกน หรือขนมเคลมความ healthy ต่างๆ คือพอเป็นขนม มันก็จะมีการใช้ “ปริมาณ” บางอย่างให้เรากินมากเกินไป เช่นบางขนมยังเป็นแป้งปริมาณมาก ต่อให้แป้งเทพแป้งสะอาดยังไง ก็กลายเป็นคาร์บย่อยเป็นกลูโคส ต่อให้ย่อยช้าย่อยเร็วก็ย่อยได้หมดอยู่ดี, บางขนมมีปริมาณน้ำตาลมาก ต่อให้ giต่ำแบบมะพร้าว โตนด แต่ปริมาณ ถ้าเกินที่ สธ. มีคำแนะนำ คือ 16กรัมต่อวัน ก็เกมส์อยู่ดี, หรือจะขนมจืดๆแต่ใช้น้ำมันคาโนลา ที่อุดมด้วยโอเมก้า6 หรือ น้ำมันรำข้าวที่มี oryzanol เข้มข้น หรืออย่างสายคีโต ก็ไม่รอด โอเค โดยรวมมันช่วยเรื่องการไม่กระชากอินซุลิน แต่บางอย่างก็ใช่ว่าจะสามารถเรียก healthy ตามความหมาย เช่น ขนมแป้งอัลมอนด์ มันคือ อัลมอนด์ processed ที่ทำให้เรากินอัลมอนด์มากกว่าเม็ดๆไปได้มาก เพราะมันบดย่อยมาละเอียด ทำให้เรากินมากเกินไป, หลายขนมก็ใช้สารให้ความหวาน ต่อให้อินซุลินไม่พุ่ง แต่มันก็มีผลกับจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้, แม้แต่พวกครีมชีส ตัวมันเองคือดี แต่การเอาปริมาณมากมาทำขนม มันก็กลายเป็น over consume ได้, อย่างที่ชัดมากคือ ขนมปังวีทกลูเตน ที่แป้งปกติกลูเตนราว 10-14% ถ้าวัดแบบโลฟละ 500กรัมเหมือนๆกัน แป้งธรรมดามีกลูเตนราวๆ 30กรัม ส่วนขนมปังวีทกลูเตนมีกลูเตนราวๆ 190กรัม หรือมากกว่าปกติ 633% แต่นั่นละครับ มัน not harmful (yet) ดังนั้นในความคิดเห็นของผม ตามเหตุผลที่เรียบเรียงมา เมื่อขึ้นชื่อว่าขนม มันคืออาหารชนิดนึงที่ผ่านกระบวนการมาก จนกลายเป็น processed food ชนิดนึง มันทำให้เรากินเนยมาก กินน้ำมันมาก กินครีมมาก กินน้ำตาล(ทั้งแท้และสังเคราะห์)มาก กินแป้งและ/หรือถั่วบดมาก กินผลไม้มาก กินโยเกิรตมาก กินช็อคโกแลตมาก(ถึงจะ dark100% ก็เหอะ) เพื่อความอร่อย ขนม เลยไม่ healthy และผมไม่ขอเคลมความ healthy ในสินค้าผม และผมไม่มองว่าขนม healthy ผมมองว่าขนมอร่อย กินเอาอร่อย แล้วไปบาลานซ์ความ healthy องค์รวมเอาในชีวิต ดังนั้น อย่าฝืนกินขนมไม่อร่อยเพียงเพราะเราดันเชื่อว่ามัน healthy หรือ เราอย่าไปซัดโฮกขนมมากๆเพราะเราดันเชื่อว่ามัน healthy เรามองอาหารยังไง ก็มองขนมอย่างนั้น มองวัตถุดิบที่แปรรูปแล้วกินลงไป ขนม ก็จะเป็นอาหารประเภทนึง คุณก็เช่นกัน ควรมองของที่กินเข้าไปทั้งหมดเป็นอาหาร แล้วมองอาหารเป็นวัตถุดิบ แล้วพิจารณาวัตถุดิบ+วิธีทำ ว่ามัน healthy กับตัวคุณแค่ไหน มากกว่า healthy ที่แปะบนห่อหรือในโพสขาย คำว่า “healthy” จริง ๆ แล้วควรจะหมายถึง อาหารที่ไม่ใช่แค่ปลอดภัยจากการทำร้ายสุขภาพ แต่ยังต้องช่วยเสริมสร้างสุขภาพ อย่างแท้จริง อาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพควรเป็นอาหารธรรมชาติให้โปรตีนคุณภาพ ไขมันที่มีประโยชน์ ให้คาร์บที่พอเหมาะและมีสารอาหารที่ร่างกายต้องการในการทำงานที่ดีที่สุด ทั้งซ่อมและสร้าง “Healthy = ดีต่อสุขภาพในทางบวก ไม่ใช่แค่ไม่ร้าย” “Not harmful = ไม่ร้าย ยังไม่เห็นผลเสีย แต่ไม่ให้คุณในทางบวกขนาดนั้น” เพราะฉะนั้น มันเลยมีความเกือบจะทับซ่อนกัน ถ้าจะสื่อคำว่า “Healthy” แนะนำให้แปลว่า “อาหารที่ส่งเสริมสุขภาพ ไม่ใช่แค่ไม่ทำร้ายสุขภาพ“ กับดักที่ใหญ่ที่สุด ที่แม้แต่ชาวคีโตเองก็อาจตกหลุมนั้นแบบไม่รู้ตัว นั่นคือ ปริมาณ สำคัญกว่า ประเภท คุณตกหลุมคำว่า อาหาร/ขนม healthy หรือเปล่าหล่ะ คุณเท่านั้นที่ตอบตัวเองได้ จงมองทะลุ food matrix เจริญพวง neo #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #ฉลาก3รู้

@ 000002de:c05780a7

> Trump is trying to sell a victim narrative and I don't buy it. Trump repeats a troupe that I find hard to swallow. The US is getting ripped off. When he says this, as far as I can tell he's not referring to the people. He's referring the US government getting ripped off by other nations. This is so absurd I'm surprised I don't hear more people push back on it. The US is the most powerful government in the history of the planet. No nation has the firepower or wealth of the US. The US has manipulated the governments and policies of much of the world since WW2. The idea that the US government is getting ripped off is absurd. Trump and I agree that NATO is obsolete. It was created to counter a government that dissolved in the 90s. This should be an example to everyone that governments do not behave like businesses. They do not respond to market forces. They will always seek to increase their power and influence and always resist any efforts to reduce their size and scope. But back to Trump. He says that the US is getting ripped off by the other NATO countries. I would say the US people are in indeed being ripped off by their own government. But the US government is NOT getting ripped off. The US military power in Europe is a massive influence on geopolitics in the region. US military companies benefit massively as well. The US military has bases all over the globe and if you don't think that is a factor in "diplomatic" negotiations you are being naive. The US uses this "defensive" shield to keep the "leaders" of Europe in line. The US isn't being ripped off. This is just a marketing tactic Trump is using to sell downsizing the US military deployments. Trump also loves to point out how other countries are imposing tariffs on the US. We are being ripped off! I mean, he has a point there. But if tariffs aren't a tax as many in his admin like to claim, how exactly are "we" being ripped off? We are being told that Trump's tariff policy isn't a tax and that expecting prices to increase is oversimplifying things. The talk about tariffs is frankly frustrating. On the one hand the left is saying tariffs are a tax and is going to drive up prices. Yet these same people pretend to not understand that corporate tax increases don't have the same effect. The right claims to understand tax policy and often oppose corporate taxes. They will tell you that those taxes just get passed down to consumers in the form of price increases. Now they are pretending to not get this in relation to tariffs. I've read and listened to the pro tariff people and they aren't all dumb. They may be right about tariffs not effecting all products and nations equally. I guess we will find out. But, can we be honest? The US is not getting ripped off. Someone is getting ripped off, but it isn't the US federal government. Its the people of the world. First, the people of the world live under the thumb of the US fiat dollar standard. We in the US complain about 3+% inflation but most people in the world would kill for that level of inflation. Most of the world gets none of supposed benefits from government spending. They only get the debasement of their own currencies. Moving away from economics, the entire globe is affected by the elections in the US. The US is the top dog government and its decisions effect people everywhere. The US deep state has manipulated many elections across the globe and continues to do so. Meanwhile we are told that Russia is manipulating our elections. So who exactly is getting ripped off here? I think the nation (the people) are being subjected to massive mismanagement at best. I can support that argument. Don't get me wrong... I know we in the US are getting ripped off. We are being ruled by people that do not represent us and do not answer to us. The politicians that claim to represent us are being paid and influenced by foreign groups ranging from Israeli political groups, to any number of other groups domestic and foreign. We are getting ripped off, but I firmly believe the people in the US have it better than most of the world. Trump is trying to sell a victim narrative and I don't buy it. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/937482

@ 4d41a7cb:7d3633cc

Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, registered his birthday as April 5, 1975, on his P2P Foundation profile. Many think that he chose this date because on that same day in 1933, the United States government confiscated the gold of the American people. Whether this was on purpose or not, **what happened in this day is very important to understand how do we ended up here.** In 1933, as expressed in Roosevelt’s Executive Orders 6073, 6102, and 6260, the United States first declared bankruptcy. The bankrupt U.S. went into receivership in 1933. America was turned over via receivership and reorganization in favor of its creditors. **These creditors, the International Bankers**, from the beginning stated their intent, which was to plunder, bankrupt, conquer and enslave America and **return it to its colonial status.[1](#footnote-1)** As one of his first acts as President, Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared a “Banking Emergency” **to bail out the Federal Reserve Bank**, which had embezzled this country’s gold supply. **The Congress gave the President dictatorial powers** under the “War Powers Act of 1917” (amended 1933), written, by the way, by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.[2](#footnote-2) **This day marked the official abandonment of the American Constitution, law and real money.** Today, 92 years after this event, most of the people living today have never had any real money or paid for anything using real money; unless they used Bitcoin... There could be no bankruptcy if there was not a **private central bank lending paper currency** to the government at interest, so we must start from 1913, when the Federal Reserve was created: a non-federal private bank with no reserves and the monopoly of issuing debt based paper currency in unlimited amounts and lending it to the government at interest by buying treasury bills. The fact that this currency is lent into existence at interest makes the debt mathematically impossible to be repaid; **it can only be refinanced or defaulted.** Between 1929 and 1933, the Federal Reserve Bank reduced the currency supply by 33%, thereby creating the Great Depression, bankrupting the US government, stealing the Americans’ gold supply, and officially ending the gold standard. Since then the US dollar (money) was replaced with Federal Reserve Notes (debt). This was also the end of the Republican form of government and the beginning of a socialist mob rule democracy (Fascism). > “**Fascism should more properly be called corporatism because it is the merger of state and corporate power**.” — Benito Mussolini  The United States government has been bankrupt since 1933, since it defaulted on its gold bonds. This type of bond existed until **1933, when the U.S. monetary system abandoned the gold standard.** [3](#footnote-3) From this year the government has been totally controlled by the International bankers and used as a tool to spread and maintain their power worldwide. Many people think that the gold standard was abandoned in 1971, but this is not true; in fact, this happened in 1933 when the US dollar was replaced by Federal Reserve Notes that are 100% debt-based fiat paper currency. ## **The year 1933 in the United States marked:** - The end of the Republican form of government and the beginning of American Fascism - The end of the United States dollar and its replacement by Federal Reserve Notes - The abandonment of common law and replacement with military admiralty law - The takeover of the United States government by International bankers - A massive gold theft and the end of the US gold standard - The exchange of rights with privileges and licenses - The United States government bankruptcy The next shameful event in our history which still plagues us to this day was the “War Powers Act of 1933.” **This Act permitted President Roosevelt to make law in the form of Executive Order, bypass Congress and create his socialist state.** We (citizens of this country) were ever after to be considered enemies of the United States who must be licensed to engage in any commercial activity. With the aid of the Federal Reserve (the same people who created the Depression), the President confiscated our gold and silver coin and replaced it with worthless pieces of paper and a debt system that will eventually destroy this great country. **Our land and our labor were pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank, Inc., as collateral for a debt system that could never be paid.**[4](#footnote-4) “Emergency Powers” means any form of military style government, martial law, or martial rule. Martial law and martial rule are not the same. United States Congressional Record March 17, 1993 Vol. #33, page H- 1303, Congressman James Traficant, Jr. (Ohio) addressing the House: > **“Mr. Speaker, we are here now in chapter 11.** Members of Congress are official trustees presiding over the greatest reorganization of any Bankrupt entity in world history, the U.S. Government. We are setting forth, hopefully, a blueprint for our future” > > “There are some who say it is a coroner’s report that will lead to our demise. It is an established fact that **the United States Federal Government has been dissolved by the Emergency Banking Act,** March 9, 1933, 48 Stat. 1, Public Law 89-719; dered by President Roosevelt, being bankrupt and insolvent. H.J.R. 192, 73rd Congress in session June 5, **1933 – Joint Resolution To Suspend The Gold Standard** and Abrogate the Gold Clause dissolved the Sovereign Authority of the United States and the official capacities of all United States Governmental Offices, Officers, and Departments and is further evidence that **the United States Federal Government exists today in name only”** > ****“The receivers of the United States Bankruptcy are the International Bankers, via the United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund”** > > “All United States Offices, Officials, and Departments are now operating within a **de facto status in name only under Emergency War Powers.** With the **Constitutional Republican form of Government now dissolved**, the receivers of the Bankruptcy have adopted a new form of government for the United States. **This new form of government is known as a Democracy,** being an established Socialist/Communist order under a new governor for America. This act was instituted and established by transferring and/or placing the Office of the Secretary of Treasury to that of the Governor of the International Monetary Fund. Public Law 94-564, page 8, Section H.R. 13955 read in part:” > > “The U.S. Secretary of Treasury receives no compensation for representing the United States.” ## **The American Spirit** The intention of the founding fathers of the United States was to create a constitutional republic to protect natural human rights and escape from the tyrannical English monarchy and its usurious Bank of England's monetary system. They created an honest monetary system based on gold and silver (United State Dollar) and got rid of nobility titles, creating equality under the law. Section 10 of the American Constitution says: > No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Let­ters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; **make anything but gold and silver Coin a tender in payment of debts**; **pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility.** ### **The United States Dollar (1792-1933)** A dollar is a measure of weight defined by the Coinage Act of 1792 and 1900, which specifies a certain quantity—24.8 grains of gold or 371.25 grains of silver (from 1792 to 1900) when the American dollar was based on **a bimetallic standard.** **The Gold Standard Act of 1900 formally placed the United States on the gold standard, setting the value of one dollar at 25.8 grams of 90% pure gold, which fixed the price of gold at $20.67 per troy ounce**. This standard was totally abandoned in 1933. Gold and silver were such powerful money during the founding of the United States of America that the founding fathers declared that only gold or silver coins could be “money” in America. But since the greedy bankers cannot profit from honest money they cannot print, they replaced the money with paper debt instruments. And by doing this, they have effectively enslaved the American people until today. My definition of modern slavery is working for a currency that someone else can create at no cost or effort. What's worse is that they even demand to be paid back and with interest! ### **Federal Reserve Notes (1913-present)** Federal Reserve Notes are not **real money.** Money that has metallic or other intrinsic value, as distinguished from paper currency, checks, and drafts. **Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) are a legal fiction.** An assumption that something is true even though it may be untrue. [5](#footnote-5) The assumption that they are money, when in fact they are the opposite of money: debt or paper currency. **Paper money**. Paper documents that circu­late as currency; bills drawn by a government **against its own credit**. [6](#footnote-6) Like **Goldsmiths' notes.** Hist. Bankers' cash notes: **promissory notes given by bankers to customers** as acknowledgments of the receipt of mon­ey. • This term derives from the London banking business, which originally was transacted by goldsmiths.[7](#footnote-7) These notes were scientifically designed to bankrupt the government and slave the American people, as Alfred Owen Crozier warned one year before the bill for the creation of the FED was passed through Congress (1912): > If Congress yields and authorizes a private central bank as proposed by the pending bill, the end when **the bubble bursts will be universal ruin and national bankruptcy.** Unfortunately, the bill was passed in 1913, and this private bank started printing a new currency different from the US dollar creating the great depression and effectible bankrupting the government like Alfred warned 20 years before. Alfred also warned: > Thus the way is opened for an unlimited inflation **of corporate paper currency** issued by a mere private corporation with relatively small net assets and no government guarantee, every dollar **supposed to be redeemable in gold**, but with not a single dollar of gold necessarily held in the reserves of such corporation to accomplish such redemption. **Differently from what's commonly believed Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) were never really “backed” by gold**; they were never supposed to be hard currency. Currency backed by re­serves, esp. gold and silver reserves. The United States government defaulted on its gold clauses, calling for payment in gold. This marked the end of the **gold standard.** A monetary system in which currency is convertible into its legal equivalent in gold or gold coin. Since then we have been under a paper standard, where we use fake money as tender for payments. **Paper standard.** A monetary system based en­tirely on paper; a system of currency that is not convertible into gold or other precious metal. People traded their coupons as money or “currency.” **Currency is not money but a money substitute.** Redeemable currency must promise to pay a dollar equivalent in gold or silver money. Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) make no such promises and are not “money.” **A Federal Reserve Note is a debt obligation of the federal United States government, not “money.”** The federal United States government and the U.S. Congress were not and have never been authorized by the Constitution of the United States of America to issue currency of any kind, but only lawful money—gold and silver coin.[8](#footnote-8) A bona fide note can be used in a financial transaction to discharge the debt only because it is an unconditional promise to pay by the issuer to the bearer. Is a Federal Reserve Note a contract note, an unconditional promise to pay? At one time the Federal Reserve issued bona fide contractual notes and certificates, redeemable in gold and silver coin. **Most people never saw or comprehended the contract**. It went largely unread because the Federal Reserve very cunningly hid the contract on the face of the note by **breaking it up into five separate lines of text with a significantly different typeface for each line** and placing the president’s picture right in the middle of it. They even used the old attorney’s ruse of **obscuring the most important text in fine print!** Over time, the terms and conditions of the contract were diluted until eventually they literally became an I.O.U. for *nothing.* **FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE** - THIS NOTE IS LEGAL TENDER FOR ALL DEBT, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, AND IT IS REDEEMABLE IN LAWFUL MONEY AT THE UNITED STATES TREASURY OR ANY FEDERAL RESERVE BANK. - DATE: SERIES OF 1934 - WILL PAY TO THE BEARER ON DEMAND: ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS - TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES SIGNATURE - SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY SIGNATURE  Nowadays FRNs say "This note is legal tender for all debts public and private" it tender debt but it does not pay the bearer on demand. It value was stolen by a counterfeiting technique commonly know as inflation. One hundred dollars (SERIES OF 1934) will be 2480 grains of gold, or 159.4 grams, or 5.1249 troy ounces. Today one troy ounce is priced around $3,000 federal reserve notes. 5.1249 X 3,000 = $15,375 actual FRNs. A $100 FRN bill today will buy 0.65% of a real gold $100 dollar certificate. That’s a -99.35% loss of purchasing power in the last 91 years. FRNs savers have been rugged pulled! Gold bugs where the winners... But Bitcoin is even better... Happy birthday Satoshi! April 5 will be forever remembered. Satoshi... The man, the myth, the Legend...

@ d9a329af:bef580d7

Everyone who sees it knows at this point that the matrix of control comes from the overdependence of proprietary software to do our everyday tasks. You can think of this like us being the cling wrap that will just not let go of these pieces of garbage software that don't allow you to see what is in their source code, and how they work. This will tend to lead to the unlawful collection of data (violating the most basic of privacy laws, despite unenforceable contracts that are enforced regardless), bad OPSEC that sees you being stalked and harassed over nothing significant. In the worst of cases, if you speak your mind where you aren't necessarily supposed to be able to do that, and you get doxxed, the worst cases could be far worse than one could imagine. The solution to this, on the other hand, is using almost exclusively free/libre open-source software and GNU/Linux operation systems. If you're using certain proprietary software, hardening it to give as little data as possible to the entity responsible for it will also work, as long as you know which ones to use. This is a hard pass for a lot of people, but if you want to escape the control matrix of proprietary software, Winblows, HackOS, iHackOS, iBloatOS and stock Google AI Fever Dream, then researching which Free Software (notice the spelling) to use is your first bet. I had already done this for the past four and a half years, and will continue to do it as long as I live, seeing what new Free Software compliant applications and libraries come into the spotlight once things get locked down into walled gardens like what HackOS, iHackOS and BlindnessOS do on a regular basis. Each of these pieces of software will be in a categorized list with a brief description of what the software is used for. There is a lot to take in, so research this yourself and see if these are right for you. These are the applications I personally use on a regular day-to-day basis, and they work for my needs. 1. Operating Systems (the core to your device) * GNU/Linux operating systems (for PCs) or GrapheneOS (for de-googled Android phones) To be fair on this one, GNU/Linux is the combination of the Linux kernel with the GNU toolchain, which in turn allows any developer to make an operating system that is FOSS, not necessarily Free Software, especially with the Linux Kernel's proprietary bits of code. The Linux kernel is also used in the Android Open-Source Project (AOSP), and is used as the base of operating systems for Android phones such as GrapheneOS, the only AOSP custom ROM I would recommend based upon the research I had done on this (even if very little). My recommendations on the Linux side of things are almost any Arch-based distribution (with the exception of Manjaro), Debian-based distributions like Linux Mint Debian edition, regular Debian, AntiX or Devuan, or a Fedora/RedHat-based distribution like Nobara Project (if you're a gamer), OpenSUSE (if set up properly) or even Bluefin if you want an atomic desktop (I wouldn't recommend Bluefin if you want to monkey with your operating system and DIY on many aspects of it). Once you learn how to set these up securely, privately and properly, you're on your way to starting your journey into digital liberation, but there's far more to go on this front. 2. Web Browsers (How you surf the internet) * Firefox Forks This one is self-explanatory. I harden all the Firefox forks I use (LibreWolf, Waterfox, Cachy Browser, Floorp and Zen as some examples) to the nines, despite being unable to do anything about my fingerprint. This is why I use multiple browsers for specific purposes to counteract the fingerprint spying due to weaponized JavaScript. There are ways to circumvent the fingerprint-based espionage, and make sure the site fingerprint.com doesn't know that one's lying about what their user agent is, though it's not very easy to fool that site, as it's used by 6,000 companies. * Brave Browser This is the only Chromium-based browser I would recommend, as it's better when hardened against all the other Chromium-based browsers, including Ungoogled Chromium, which is almost impossible to harden due to security vulnerabilities. Despite that, Brave has some of the best features for a Chromium-based browser one can feel comfortable using, even though you'll have similar issues with Firefox-based browsers that aren't actually Firefox (and Firefox has its own issues regarding espionage from Mozilla) 3. Office Suites (If you need to do professional office documents) * LibreOffice A fork of Apache's OpenOffice, made better with many features missing from even OnlyOffice and OpenOffice, this suite of applications is the go-to Free Software office suite for many people looking to switch from the proprietary software nether to the diamonds of free/libre open-source software. Though one may need to perform some extra steps to set up compatibility with G-Suite and Microsoft Office past 2015 potentially, it's still a good thing that people trust LibreOffice as their one-stop shop for office documents, despite being completely different from your standard office suite fare. * OnlyOffice The competitor to LibreOffice with the ease of Microsoft Office and G-Suite compatibility, OnlyOffice is another office suite that can be good for those who need it, especially since anybody who had used Microsoft Office in particular will be familiar with its layout, if not for a slight learning curve. As someone who's used G-Suite more (due to schooling that stunk worse than a decomposing rat in New York City), that's part of the reason why I switched to LibreOffice, though I tried some others, including OnlyOffice and Abiword (since I use a word processor a lot). This one is another solid option for those who need it. * Wordgrinder For those who like to use a terminal emulator like I do, Wordgrinder is a word processor with a terminal user interface (TUI) designed with just focusing on typing without distractions in mind. .wg is the file extension for documents made using Wordgrinder, especially since nowadays most word processors are cloud based. For those who live in a terminal, this is a good option to your terminal UI-based toolbox 4. Text editors * Vi, Vim, Neovim and other Vim-like editors The classic VI Improved (Vim), a fork of the TUI modal editor, vi, with keybinds that will be confusing at first, but with practice and patience, bring about muscle memory to stay on the keyboard, and not necessarily touch the mouse, keypad on the right hand side, or even the arrow keys. These keybind skills will stay with one for the rest of their life once they learn how the modes in vi, Vim or vi-based editors work. It's a classic for those working in the terminal, and a staple in FLOSS text editing and coding tools once customized potentially to the nines to your particular style. * VSCodium The Free Software fork of Code OSS by Microsoft, but made to be similar in function to VSCode without Microsoft's espionage baked into it. It has almost exactly the same features as VSCode that one would need, and even any VSIX files from VSCode will work in VSCodium. This one is an easy switch from VSCode for those who use it, but don't want the forced telemetry. * Emacs The competitor to Vim, Emacs is an editor that is FLOSS in every way imaginable. It is one of the most customizable editors anybody could have ever conceived, though the programming language used in Emacs is a dialect of Lisp the developers had made themselves. There are more keybinds to memorize compared to Vim, though Vim keybinds can be added using the Evil Mode package in any Emacs package manager to get the best of both worlds in Emacs. Once one gets a handle of the steep learning curve for Emacs, it's customizable in every imaginable way almost. These four categories will get you started on your privacy journey, though I covered things a developer might want. I have plans on more lists to compile once I get my ducks in a row on what I want to cover here on Nostr in a longform format. Feel free to let me know if you have recommendations for me to write about, and I can do some digging on that if it isn't a rabbit hole.

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## Potential Reacquisition of Port of Darwin by Australian Government ### Summary: Deputy Prime Minister Richard Marles has indicated that the Australian government may use legal powers to reclaim the Port of Darwin from Chinese control. While the government prefers a commercial solution, it is prepared to take legislative action if necessary. This move reflects growing concerns over foreign ownership of critical infrastructure amid escalating global trade tensions. Sources: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2025/apr/07/australia-election-2025-live-coalition-labor-federal-peter-dutton-anthony-albanese-job-cuts-redundancies-batteries-solar" target="_blank">The Guardian - April 8, 2025</a> ## Australian Economy Faces Slowdown Amid Global Trade Tensions ### Summary: The Australian economy is projected to experience a slowdown due to escalating global trade tensions, particularly stemming from the United States' recent tariff implementations. Treasurer Jim Chalmers indicated that while Australia is not the primary target—only 4% of its exports go to the U.S.—the broader global impact is expected to affect the local economy. The Reserve Bank may consider interest rate cuts to mitigate these effects. Treasury forecasts suggest a deceleration in GDP growth from 4.25% in 2024–25 to 3.25% in 2025–26, influenced by declining terms of trade and global inflation pressures. Chalmers criticized the U.S. tariff measures as "ill-considered," warning of heightened economic risks and uncertainty. Sources: <a href="https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/dark-shadow-trump-trade-war-injects-more-uncertainty-into-australian-federal-budget/news-story/89ac75f58caa4663f270c7b96831ed4f" target="_blank">News.com.au - April 8, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/trump-tariffs-slow-australias-economy-treasurer-says-2025-04-07/" target="_blank">Reuters - April 8, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-trump-tariffs-trade-war-04-07-25/card/australia-warns-trade-war-will-dent-u-s-economy-D4QfUTvtsQ1UqY3fWTGz" target="_blank">The Wall Street Journal - April 8, 2025</a> ## Spiking to Announce TradeGPT's Enterprise AI Future at IBM Z Day ### Summary: Spiking will participate in IBM Z Day: Special Edition 2025, unveiling TradeGPT's enterprise AI capabilities. This collaboration with IBM aims to revolutionize AI applications in capital markets by leveraging advanced computing technologies.​ Sources: <a href="https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/247585/Spiking-Joins-IBM-Z-Day-Special-Edition-2025-Major-Announcement-Unveiling-TradeGPTs-Enterprise-AI-Future" target="_blank">Newsfile - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/spiking-joins-ibm-z-day-140000045.html" target="_blank">Yahoo Finance - April 7, 2025</a> ## Earthquake in Upper Hunter Region, NSW ### Summary: A magnitude 3.4 earthquake struck the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales early this morning, with the tremor recorded at 5:18 am local time. The earthquake occurred at a shallow depth of approximately 2.4 miles below the surface. Residents in the vicinity reported feeling the tremor, but there have been no reports of damage or injuries.​ Sources: <a href="https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/earthquake/news/268803/Small-magnitude-33-earthquake-27-miles-west-of-Maitland-New-South-Wales-Australia.html" target="_blank">Volcano Discovery - April 8, 2025</a>, <a href="https://newcastleweekly.com.au/3-4-magnitude-earthquake-rocks-upper-hunter/" target="_blank">Newcastle Weekly - April 8, 2025</a> ## Opposition Leader Peter Dutton Predicts Global Recession Amid Market Volatility ### Summary: Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has warned that Australia could face a global recession, citing recent stock market declines and potential delays in retirement for baby boomers. This comes as both Dutton and Prime Minister Anthony Albanese prepare for the first leaders' debate, with economic management and cost-of-living issues at the forefront of their campaigns. Sources: <a href="https://www.news.com.au/national/federal-election/federal-election-2025-live-dutton-warns-of-recession-as-leaders-prepare-for-first-debate/live-coverage/a6dd6429aedf3a122bcf9794b046c953" target="_blank">News.com.au - April 8, 2025</a> ## Family Law Regulations Updated ### Summary: Effective April 1, 2025, new Family Law Regulations have commenced, replacing previous regulations from 1984, 2001, and 2008. These updates aim to modernize family law procedures and forms, impacting various aspects of family dispute resolution and arbitration processes.​ Source: <a href="https://www.fcfcoa.gov.au/news-and-media-centre/updates-profession/fl-reg-24" target="_blank">Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia - April 1, 2025</a> ## U.S. Tariffs Spark Global Economic Concerns ### Summary: U.S. President Donald Trump has announced a 50% increase in tariffs on Chinese imports, escalating trade tensions and causing significant volatility in global stock markets. Australian Treasurer Jim Chalmers stated that while Australia can manage the immediate effects, the country's economic growth is expected to slow due to global repercussions, particularly from the resulting trade war between the U.S. and China. Treasury analysis indicated Australia's GDP would be 0.1% lower this year than previously forecasted, and inflation would rise by 0.2 percentage points. Despite these pressures, Chalmers emphasized that a recession is not expected, with the economy poised for continued growth, supported by increased consumer spending driven by easing inflation and tax cuts. Sources: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/apr/08/morning-mail-tuesday-ntwnfb" target="_blank">The Guardian - April 8, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/trump-tariffs-slow-australias-economy-treasurer-says-2025-04-07/" target="_blank">Reuters - April 7, 2025</a> ## NSW Public Hospital Doctors Begin Three-Day Strike Over Pay and Conditions ### Summary: Thousands of doctors in New South Wales public hospitals have commenced a three-day strike starting today, protesting against unsustainable workloads, chronic understaffing, and inadequate pay. The Australian Salaried Medical Officers' Federation (ASMOF) is demanding a 30% pay increase over time, citing excessive workloads and unsafe shift patterns as critical issues. The industrial action is expected to impact elective surgeries and specialist outpatient appointments, primarily at major Sydney hospitals, while emergency services will remain operational but with reduced staffing levels. The strike proceeds despite an Industrial Relations Commission order against such action, making it potentially illegal. The government has urged patients with urgent medical needs to seek emergency care, while those with non-urgent needs are advised to consider alternative healthcare options. Sources: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/apr/07/nsw-doctors-strike-why-striking-will-it-affect-my-hospital-visit" target="_blank">The Guardian - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-04-07/nsw-public-hospitals-doctors-three-day-strike-over-pay/105139956" target="_blank">ABC News - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/public-hospitals-to-be-left-with-skeleton-crew-with-thousands-of-doctors-to-walk-off-the-job/news-story/6f34c2e8d0da652b3a191caa98659d41" target="_blank">News.com.au - April 2, 2025</a> World War II Veteran Celebrates 100th Birthday Summary: Mr. Roy Porter, a World War II veteran, celebrates his 100th birthday. Porter served as a tail-gunner with the Royal Australian Air Force’s 18 Squadron during the war. After returning, he married Norma in 1949, and they have spent over seven decades together in Ocean Grove, Australia. Despite health challenges, both remain mentally sharp and reflect on a century marked by service and love. Sources: <a href="https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/geelong/world-war-ii-veteran-roy-porter-celebrates-100th-birthday/news-story/19eccffc400496687b79ad25a688e055" target="_blank">Herald Sun - April 8, 2025</a> ## Australian Government Officials Surprised by U.S. Beef Export Comments ### Summary: Australian government officials were taken aback by U.S. President Donald Trump's remarks regarding Australian beef exports. The U.S. administration's concerns appear to be based on inflated figures, with Australian officials clarifying that beef exports to the U.S. are valued closer to $2 billion, not $29 billion as suggested. Sources: <a href="https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/united-states/australian-govt-officials-surprised-by-donald-trumps-name-checking-on-liberation-day-despite-certification-of-us-beef-underway/news-story/66ebb7fcc746cf778b850462513c04ae" target="_blank">Sky News - April 8, 2025</a> ## Donald Trump Threatens 104% Tariff on Chinese Imports ### Summary: U.S. President Donald Trump has threatened to impose a 104% tariff on Chinese goods if China does not withdraw its 34% tariff on American products by April 8, 2025. This escalation has contributed to significant volatility in global stock markets, with concerns about a potential trade war intensifying. The Chinese government has yet to respond to this ultimatum. Sources: <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-04-08/donald-trump-threatens-additional-50-per-cent-tariff-on-china/105149002" target="_blank">ABC News - April 8, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/united-states/president-donald-trump-threatens-104-per-cent-tariff-on-china-in-response-to-beijings-retaliatory-move-on-us-exports/news-story/accd48cc8095f1a0a2a6595f7cdafbae" target="_blank">Sky News - April 8, 2025</a> ## Plastic Pollution on Australian Coastlines Drops by 39% ### Summary: Research by CSIRO indicates a 39% reduction in plastic pollution along Australia's metropolitan coastlines over the past decade. The study attributes this decline to effective waste management strategies and increased public awareness, highlighting significant progress in addressing coastal environmental challenges. Sources: <a href="https://www.csiro.au/en/news/All/News/2025/April/Plastic-pollution-along-Australian-coastlines-decreases-by-39-per-cent" target="_blank">CSIRO - April 8, 2025</a> ## Trump’s FDA Chief Dr. Marty Makary Slams Medical Dogma in Healthcare ### Summary: In this episode of the "Dad Saves America" podcast, Dr. Marty Makary, former FDA Chief under President Trump, critiques entrenched medical dogmas that hinder innovation and patient care. He emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to challenge outdated practices and adopt evidence-based approaches. ### Key Discussions: - **Medical Dogma vs. Innovation:** Dr. Makary discusses how rigid adherence to traditional medical practices can obstruct the adoption of innovative treatments and technologies. - **Patient-Centered Care:** He advocates for a shift towards more personalized healthcare, emphasizing the importance of tailoring treatments to individual patient needs rather than relying solely on standardized protocols. - **Transparency in Healthcare:** The conversation highlights the need for greater transparency in medical practices and pricing to empower patients and foster trust in the healthcare system. ### Insights: - Challenging established medical norms is crucial for progress and improving patient outcomes. - Embracing innovation requires a balance between evidence-based practices and openness to new methodologies. - Enhancing transparency can lead to more informed decisions by patients and promote accountability within the healthcare industry. For a more in-depth exploration of these topics, listen to the full episode on Spotify: <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/6tHVePVdzaVxAYs5HSHMYQ" target="_blank">Dad Saves America Podcast - Episode with Dr. Marty Makary</a>

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Introduction In recent years, the term "the new normal" has been used to describe a world reshaped by pandemic policies, inflationary economic measures, rising surveillance, and growing cultural compliance. For many, this phrase signals safety and adaptation. But for others, it marks an era of overreach and loss of personal autonomy. At the heart of the digital resistance to this new order stands an unlikely champion: Bitcoin. More than a volatile investment or tech novelty, Bitcoin has become a tool of protest, a lifeline for dissidents, and a vehicle for economic sovereignty. As governments expand control over currencies, transactions, and narratives, Bitcoin's decentralized, censorship-resistant architecture offers a parallel path. This post explores how Bitcoin is used to challenge the core pillars of the new normal. 1. Pandemic-Era Restrictions and Bitcoin as a Lifeline During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide implemented measures ranging from lockdowns to vaccine passports and mass surveillance. For many protestors, these policies were seen not as safety measures, but as infringements on civil liberties. In Nigeria, during the #EndSARS protests against police brutality, bank accounts of organizers were frozen. Bitcoin became the fallback. Donations poured in through decentralized wallets, bypassing government censors. Similarly, in Canada’s 2022 Freedom Convoy, traditional fundraising platforms were blocked. Activists turned to Bitcoin, distributing funds peer-to-peer using QR codes, out of reach from centralized authority. These examples underscore Bitcoin’s core strength: permissionless value transfer. No bank account, no ID, no government approval required. It provided activists with the means to continue their work even under financial siege. 2. Economic Collapse and the Return to Sound Money The economic fallout from pandemic stimulus measures has been immense. In the U.S. alone, over $5 trillion in stimulus spending contributed to record-breaking inflation, eroding the purchasing power of fiat currencies. Central banks worldwide flooded markets with newly created money, leading to a global crisis of confidence in fiat. Bitcoin offered an escape route. With its capped supply of 21 million coins and transparent monetary policy, it attracted investors, corporations, and citizens looking to hedge against inflation and financial mismanagement. In countries like Turkey, Argentina, and Venezuela, where national currencies collapsed, Bitcoin emerged as a digital safe haven. More than a hedge, Bitcoin became a symbol of protest. Where governments printed wealth out of thin air, Bitcoiners opted out. For them, stacking sats (satoshis) wasn't just financial planning—it was civil disobedience against fiat excess. 3. CBDCs, Programmable Money, and the Case for Financial Autonomy Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are on the rise. Promoted as modern, efficient alternatives to cash, they also raise alarms for privacy advocates. Programmable money, expiration dates on stimulus funds, restrictions on purchases—these aren’t speculative fears. They’re openly discussed features. Bitcoin offers the inverse: a financial system without surveillance, control, or gatekeeping. Unlike CBDCs, it is neutral, global, and governed by code, not political whim. Where CBDCs threaten to tether money to state approval, Bitcoin affirms the right to transact freely. In this context, adopting Bitcoin is more than a tech choice. It’s a rejection of programmable compliance in favor of financial autonomy. 4. Censorship, Compliance Culture, and the Sovereign Individual Beyond economics and health, the new normal is marked by growing censorship and behavioral control. From deplatforming to frozen bank accounts, those who dissent often find their financial access cut off. Bitcoin resists this. It doesn’t care who you are, what you believe, or where you live. As long as you control your private keys, your funds are yours. This neutrality makes Bitcoin a sanctuary for the politically persecuted, the economically excluded, and the privacy-conscious. It’s not about hiding—it’s about freedom by design. In a time when expressing the wrong opinion can cost you your livelihood, Bitcoin offers a parallel economy where your rights don’t expire when you disagree. Conclusion Bitcoin is not a panacea. It doesn’t guarantee utopia, and it's not immune to misuse. But in the context of expanding state power, algorithmic governance, and compliant culture, it stands out as one of the few tools that empowers individuals to say "no." To use Bitcoin today is to engage in a subtle form of protest. It is to opt out of a system many see as rigged, to reclaim privacy, and to assert control over one’s economic life. For those resisting the new normal—not with slogans, but with actions—Bitcoin is not just code. It’s civil disobedience made digital.

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

 > the total number of U.S. forces in the Middle East has now reached 300,000 personnel, including both combat and administrative units. > The US normally has a total of 156,000 military personnel stationed overseas. Trump has suddenly doubled that number in just the Middle East. The Carl Vincent carrier group is relocating to the Red Sea, and half our active B2 bombers are in Diego Garcia. He’s going to bomb Iran. https://x.com/davegreenidge57/status/1908826028467696075 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/937451

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

 https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2025/04/07/peter-navarro-says-vietnams-0percent-tariff-offer-is-not-enough-its-the-non-tariff-cheating-that-matters.html Vietnam is the US fastest growing trading partner and is helping to diversify away from China. Their offer to make imports from the US import tax free was rejected from the Trump administration. This is a strong indicator that Trumps overall strategy isn't to use tariffs as a bargaining chip. It seems like the tariffs are the goal, not the means to an end. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/937410

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

احنا المرة اللي فاتت اتكلمنا عن الاساسيات تعالي بقي نتكلم بشكل عام علي الطرق اللي في وجهه نظري احسن طرق و هقولك ليه و تبدا بمين الاول و كمان كل طريقه هسيب لك ليها لينك تشرح التطبيق عنه بشكل مفصل اكتر بحيث تعرف الحلو و الوحش و الحد الادني و كل دا --- ## البورصة الأمريكية * **العملة**: دولار * **العائد المتوقع**: ~10% سنوياً * **الحد الأدنى**: ~100 جنيه * **الورق المطلوب**: باسبور * **المميزات**: - استثمار دولاري - سهولة الإيداع بالعملات الرقمية - إمكانية السحب في أي وقت * **العيوب**: - تحتاج جواز سفر - تتطلب معرفة بالشركات - تقلبات السوق علي المدي القصير * **ملاحظات**: لو لسة جديد بس معاك حساب دولاري يبقي انصحك بـ IBKR علشان سهل ولكن لو معكش حساب دولاري يبقي Tastytrade علشان سهل الايداع بالكريبتو ## العملات الرقمية * **العملة**: دولار * **العائد المتوقع**: ~10% سنوياً (متغير) * **الحد الأدنى**: ~100 جنيه * **الورق المطلوب**: بطاقة * **المميزات**: - عائد يومي - استثمار دولاري - سهولة السحب * **العيوب**: - العائد متغير - مخاطر الأمان * **ملاحظات**: هنا قصدي منتجات Earn زي في بينانس ## ذهب (عالمي) * **العملة**: دولار * **العائد المتوقع**: متغير حسب سعر الذهب * **الحد الأدنى**: ~100 جنيه * **الورق المطلوب**: بطاقة * **المميزات**: - الذهب بسعر السوق العالمي - تحوط ضد التضخم * **العيوب**: - تقلبات السوق علي المدي القصير - استثمار طويل الأجل - مخاطر الامان * **ملاحظات**: الذهب العالمي قصدي انه تحول عملات ل PAXG في بينانس او Kraken ## عقارات (عالمي) * **العملة**: دولار * **العائد المتوقع**: ~9-10% سنوياً * **الحد الأدنى**: ~50 دولار في موقع Realt و ~135 لو موقع Stake * **الورق المطلوب**: باسبور * **المميزات**: - استثمار دولاري - عائد شهري * **العيوب**: - استثمار طويل الأجل - لو Stake فا تقدر تسحب فلوسك مرتين بالسنة بس - تحتاج باسبور - تقلبات السوق * **ملاحظات**: في تطبيقين RealT للسوق الامريكي و Stake للسوق الامراتي او السعودي ## فوري يومي * **العملة**: جنيه مصري * **العائد المتوقع**: ~24% * **الحد الأدنى**: ~3 جنيه * **الورق المطلوب**: بطاقة * **المميزات**: - سهولة الاستخدام - عائد يومي - بدون حد أدنى عالي * **العيوب**: - بالجنيه المصري - عائد أقل من شهادات البنك (الي الان) - تقلبات العائد * **ملاحظات**: قصدي تطبيق فوري يومي ## عقارات (محلي) * **العملة**: جنيه مصري * **العائد المتوقع**: الفعلي 9% ولكن متوقع 28-48% (متوسط 32%) * **الحد الأدنى**: 50,000 جنيه * **الورق المطلوب**: بطاقة * **المميزات**: - عائد سنوي مرتفع - العائد مربوط بالدولار بمعني لو حصل تعويم العائد بتاعك هيزيد فا مقاوم للتضخم. - سهولة الاستخدام * **العيوب**: - حجز الأموال 6 شهور - 50 ألف حد أدنى - ضرائب عقارية * **ملاحظات**: قصدي تطبيق Safe ## شهادات البنك * **العملة**: جنيه مصري * **العائد المتوقع**: 27% او 30% بعائد تناقصي * **الحد الأدنى**: 1000 جنيه * **الورق المطلوب**: بطاقة * **المميزات**: - عائد مرتفع * **العيوب**: - بالجنيه المصري - متقدرش تسحب فلوسك غير بعد مدة الشهادة. * **ملاحظات**: دخولك هنا او لا و العائد شهري او سنوي يبقي علي حسب هدفك ## ذهب (محلي) * **العملة**: جنيه مصري * **العائد المتوقع**: متغير حسب سعر الذهب * **الحد الأدنى**: ~18 جنيه * **الورق المطلوب**: بطاقة * **المميزات**: - قيمة ثابتة ومستقرة - سهولة الشراء - الحد الادني صغير لو سهم في صندوق زي AZG * **العيوب**: - يحتاج مبلغ عالي للدخول لو حقيقي - تقلبات السوق علي المدي القصير * **ملاحظات**: يعتبر خيار حلو بس انا شايف لو هتدخل بدهب يبقي عالمي + قصدي ذهب بجد او عن طريق صناديق الذهب زي AZG --- ## كمل قراية بالتفصيل: nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xvurzvfsxuerzvphcvddg0 nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xvunzvesx5erywpsepywcn nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xvunzdpcxq6nxwp3xqxgmx nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xscrqdesxycnvv34l5ye0c nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xvungvfsx5cnvv3ndwszwl nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xscrqdpnxc6rvvee3fqr5t nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xscrqdesxucrjdehs24uge --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- آخر تحديث: 4 أبريل 2025

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! It's Monday so we're back doing "Meta Music Mondays" 😉. From before the territory existed there was just one post a week in a ~meta take over. Now each month we have a different theme and bring music from that theme. This month is April and we're doing what it...?. So give me those what if tracks. Here's and example; What if, Another Brick in the Wall was EDM? Let's have fun. https://youtu.be/uLMobfyKB9o?si=vD9OMd6irvFG2vP Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/937359

@ 39f70015:9d4e378a

This is a copy of chapter four of [Mastering Bitcoin Cash](http://zh.thedev.id/mastering-bitcoin-cash/). I'm using it to test out creating long-form content on highlighter.com. This is an edit after the original post. I want to test how editing long-form content works on Nostr. --- # 4. Transactions ### Introduction Transactions are the most important part of the Bitcoin Cash system. Everything else in Bitcoin Cash is designed to ensure that transactions can be created, propagated on the network, validated, and finally added to the global ledger of transactions (the blockchain). Transactions are data structures that encode the transfer of value between participants in the Bitcoin Cash system. Each transaction is a public entry in Bitcoin Cash’s blockchain, the global double-entry bookkeeping ledger. In this chapter we will examine all the various forms of transactions, what they contain, how to create them, how they are verified, and how they become part of the permanent record of all transactions. ### Transaction Lifecycle A transaction’s lifecycle starts with the transaction’s creation, also known as *origination*. The transaction is then signed with one or more signatures indicating the authorization to spend the funds referenced by the transaction. The transaction is then broadcast on the Bitcoin Cash network, where each network node (participant) validates and propagates the transaction until it reaches (almost) every node in the network. Finally, the transaction is verified by a mining node and included in a block of transactions that is recorded on the blockchain. Once recorded on the blockchain and confirmed by sufficient subsequent blocks (confirmations), the transaction is a permanent part of the Bitcoin Cash ledger and is accepted as valid by all participants. The funds allocated to a new owner by the transaction can then be spent in a new transaction, extending the chain of ownership and beginning the lifecycle of a transaction again. #### Creating Transactions In some ways it helps to think of a transaction in the same way as a paper check. Like a check, a transaction is an instrument that expresses the intent to transfer money and is not visible to the financial system until it is submitted for execution. Like a check, the originator of the transaction does not have to be the one signing the transaction. Transactions can be created online or offline by anyone, even if the person creating the transaction is not an authorized signer on the account. For example, an accounts payable clerk might process payable checks for signature by the CEO. Similarly, an accounts payable clerk can create Bitcoin Cash transactions and then have the CEO apply digital signatures to make them valid. Whereas a check references a specific account as the source of the funds, a Bitcoin Cash transaction references a specific previous transaction as its source, rather than an account. Once a transaction has been created, it is signed by the owner (or owners) of the source funds. If it is properly formed and signed, the signed transaction is now valid and contains all the information needed to execute the transfer of funds. Finally, the valid transaction has to reach the Bitcoin Cash network so that it can be propagated until it reaches a miner for inclusion in the pubic ledger (the blockchain). #### Broadcasting Transactions to the Bitcoin Cash Network First, a transaction needs to be delivered to the Bitcoin Cash network so that it can be propagated and included in the blockchain. In essence, a Bitcoin Cash transaction is just 300 to 400 bytes of data and has to reach any one of tens of thousands of Bitcoin Cash nodes. The senders do not need to trust the nodes they use to broadcast the transaction, as long as they use more than one to ensure that it propagates. The nodes don’t need to trust the sender or establish the sender’s "identity." Because the transaction is signed and contains no confidential information, private keys, or credentials, it can be publicly broadcast using any underlying network transport that is convenient. Unlike credit card transactions, for example, which contain sensitive information and can only be transmitted on encrypted networks, a Bitcoin Cash transaction can be sent over any network. As long as the transaction can reach a Bitcoin Cash node that will propagate it into the Bitcoin Cash network, it doesn’t matter how it is transported to the first node. Bitcoin Cash transactions can therefore be transmitted to the Bitcoin Cash network over insecure networks such as WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC, Chirp, barcodes, or by copying and pasting into a web form. In extreme cases, a Bitcoin Cash transaction could be transmitted over packet radio, satellite relay, or shortwave using burst transmission, spread spectrum, or frequency hopping to evade detection and jamming. A Bitcoin Cash transaction could even be encoded as smileys (emoticons) and posted in a public forum or sent as a text message or Skype chat message. Bitcoin Cash has turned money into a data structure, making it virtually impossible to stop anyone from creating and executing a Bitcoin Cash transaction. #### Propagating Transactions on the Bitcoin Cash Network Once a Bitcoin Cash transaction is sent to any node connected to the Bitcoin Cash network, the transaction will be validated by that node. If valid, that node will propagate it to the other nodes to which it is connected, and a success message will be returned synchronously to the originator. If the transaction is invalid, the node will reject it and synchronously return a rejection message to the originator. The Bitcoin Cash network is a peer-to-peer network, meaning that each Bitcoin Cash node is connected to a few other Bitcoin Cash nodes that it discovers during startup through the peer-to-peer protocol. The entire network forms a loosely connected mesh without a fixed topology or any structure, making all nodes equal peers. Messages, including transactions and blocks, are propagated from each node to all the peers to which it is connected, a process called "flooding." A new validated transaction injected into any node on the network will be sent to all of the nodes connected to it (neighbors), each of which will send the transaction to all its neighbors, and so on. In this way, within a few seconds a valid transaction will propagate in an exponentially expanding ripple across the network until all nodes in the network have received it. The Bitcoin Cash network is designed to propagate transactions and blocks to all nodes in an efficient and resilient manner that is resistant to attacks. To prevent spamming, denial-of-service attacks, or other nuisance attacks against the Bitcoin Cash system, every node independently validates every transaction before propagating it further. A malformed transaction will not get beyond one node. ### Transaction Structure A transaction is a *data structure* that encodes a transfer of value from a source of funds, called an *input*, to a destination, called an *output*. Transaction inputs and outputs are not related to accounts or identities. Instead, you should think of them as Bitcoin Cash amounts—chunks of Bitcoin Cash—being locked with a specific secret that only the owner, or person who knows the secret, can unlock. A transaction contains a number of fields, as shown in [The structure of a transaction](#tx_data_structure). | Size | Field | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | 4 bytes | Version | Specifies which rules this transaction follows | | 1–9 bytes (VarInt) | Input Counter | How many inputs are included | | Variable | Inputs | One or more transaction inputs | | 1–9 bytes (VarInt) | Output Counter | How many outputs are included | | variable | Outputs | One or more transaction outputs | | 4 bytes | Locktime | A Unix timestamp or block number | Table 1. The structure of a transaction #### Transaction Locktime Locktime, also known as nLockTime from the variable name used in the reference client, defines the earliest time that a transaction is valid and can be relayed on the network or added to the blockchain. It is set to zero in most transactions to indicate immediate propagation and execution. If locktime is nonzero and below 500 million, it is interpreted as a block height, meaning the transaction is not valid and is not relayed or included in the blockchain prior to the specified block height. If it is above 500 million, it is interpreted as a Unix Epoch timestamp (seconds since Jan-1-1970) and the transaction is not valid prior to the specified time. Transactions with locktime specifying a future block or time must be held by the originating system and transmitted to the Bitcoin Cash network only after they become valid. The use of locktime is equivalent to postdating a paper check. ### Transaction Outputs and Inputs The fundamental building block of a Bitcoin Cash transaction is an *unspent transaction output*, or UTXO. UTXO are indivisible chunks of Bitcoin Cash currency locked to a specific owner, recorded on the blockchain, and recognized as currency units by the entire network. The Bitcoin Cash network tracks all available (unspent) UTXO currently numbering in the millions. Whenever a user receives Bitcoin Cash, that amount is recorded within the blockchain as a UTXO. Thus, a user’s Bitcoin Cash might be scattered as UTXO amongst hundreds of transactions and hundreds of blocks. In effect, there is no such thing as a stored balance of a Bitcoin Cash address or account; there are only scattered UTXO, locked to specific owners. The concept of a user’s Bitcoin Cash balance is a derived construct created by the wallet application. The wallet calculates the user’s balance by scanning the blockchain and aggregating all UTXO belonging to that user. There are no accounts or balances in Bitcoin Cash; there are only \_unspent transaction outputs\_ (UTXO) scattered in the blockchain. A UTXO can have an arbitrary value denominated as a multiple of satoshis. Just like dollars can be divided down to two decimal places as cents, bitcoins can be divided down to eight decimal places as satoshis. Although UTXO can be any arbitrary value, once created it is indivisible just like a coin that cannot be cut in half. If a UTXO is larger than the desired value of a transaction, it must still be consumed in its entirety and change must be generated in the transaction. In other words, if you have a 20 Bitcoin Cash UTXO and want to pay 1 Bitcoin Cash, your transaction must consume the entire 20 Bitcoin Cash UTXO and produce two outputs: one paying 1 Bitcoin Cash to your desired recipient and another paying 19 Bitcoin Cash in change back to your wallet. As a result, most Bitcoin Cash transactions will generate change. Imagine a shopper buying a $1.50 beverage, reaching into her wallet and trying to find a combination of coins and bank notes to cover the $1.50 cost. The shopper will choose exact change if available (a dollar bill and two quarters), or a combination of smaller denominations (six quarters), or if necessary, a larger unit such as a five dollar bank note. If she hands too much money, say $5, to the shop owner, she will expect $3.50 change, which she will return to her wallet and have available for future transactions. Similarly, a Bitcoin Cash transaction must be created from a user’s UTXO in whatever denominations that user has available. Users cannot cut a UTXO in half any more than they can cut a dollar bill in half and use it as currency. The user’s wallet application will typically select from the user’s available UTXO various units to compose an amount greater than or equal to the desired transaction amount. As with real life, the Bitcoin Cash application can use several strategies to satisfy the purchase amount: combining several smaller units, finding exact change, or using a single unit larger than the transaction value and making change. All of this complex assembly of spendable UTXO is done by the user’s wallet automatically and is invisible to users. It is only relevant if you are programmatically constructing raw transactions from UTXO. The UTXO consumed by a transaction are called transaction inputs, and the UTXO created by a transaction are called transaction outputs. This way, chunks of Bitcoin Cash value move forward from owner to owner in a chain of transactions consuming and creating UTXO. Transactions consume UTXO by unlocking it with the signature of the current owner and create UTXO by locking it to the Bitcoin Cash address of the new owner. The exception to the output and input chain is a special type of transaction called the *coinbase* transaction, which is the first transaction in each block. This transaction is placed there by the "winning" miner and creates brand-new Bitcoin Cash payable to that miner as a reward for mining. This is how Bitcoin Cash’s money supply is created during the mining process, as we will see in [Mining and Consensus](/mastering-bitcoin-cash/7-mining-and-consensus/). What comes first? Inputs or outputs, the chicken or the egg? Strictly speaking, outputs come first because coinbase transactions, which generate new Bitcoin Cash, have no inputs and create outputs from nothing. #### Transaction Outputs Every Bitcoin Cash transaction creates outputs, which are recorded on the Bitcoin Cash ledger. Almost all of these outputs, with one exception (see [Data Output (OP_RETURN)](#op_return)) create spendable chunks of Bitcoin Cash called *unspent transaction outputs* or UTXO, which are then recognized by the whole network and available for the owner to spend in a future transaction. Sending someone Bitcoin Cash is creating an unspent transaction output (UTXO) registered to their address and available for them to spend. UTXO are tracked by every full-node Bitcoin Cash client as a data set called the *UTXO set* or *UTXO pool*, held in a database. New transactions consume (spend) one or more of these outputs from the UTXO set. Transaction outputs consist of two parts: - An amount of Bitcoin Cash, denominated in *satoshis*, the smallest Bitcoin Cash unit - A *locking script*, also known as an "encumbrance" that "locks" this amount by specifying the conditions that must be met to spend the output The transaction scripting language, used in the locking script mentioned previously, is discussed in detail in [Transaction Scripts and Script Language](#tx_script). [The structure of a transaction output](#tx_out_structure) shows the structure of a transaction output. | Size | Field | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | 8 bytes | Amount | Bitcoin Cash value in satoshis (108 Bitcoin Cash) | | 1–9 bytes (VarInt) | Locking-Script Size | Locking-Script length in bytes, to follow | | Variable | Locking-Script | A script defining the conditions needed to spend the output | | 1–9 bytes (VarInt) | Output Counter | How many outputs are included | | variable | Outputs | One or more transaction outputs | | 4 bytes | Locktime | A Unix timestamp or block number | Table 2. The structure of a transaction output In [A script that calls ](#get_utxo)`bitbox.Address.utxo`[ to find the UTXO related to an address](#get_utxo), we use the `bitbox.Address` class to find the unspent outputs (UTXO) of a specific address. Example 1. A script that calls `bitbox.Address.utxo` to find the UTXO related to an address ```javascript bitbox.Address.utxo('bitcoincash:qpcxf2sv9hjw08nvpgffpamfus9nmksm3chv5zqtnz').then((result) => { console.log(result); }, (err) => { console.log(err); }); Returns the following: [{ txid: 'cc27be8846276612dfce5924b7be96556212f0f0e62bd17641732175edb9911e', vout: 0, scriptPubKey: '76a9147064aa0c2de4e79e6c0a1290f769e40b3dda1b8e88ac', amount: 0.00007021, satoshis: 7021, height: 527155, confirmations: 11879, legacyAddress: '1BFHGm4HzqgXXyNX8n7DsQno5DAC4iLMRA', cashAddress: 'bitcoincash:qpcxf2sv9hjw08nvpgffpamfus9nmksm3chv5zqtnz' } ] ``` Running the script, we see an array of objects representing unspent transaction outputs which are available to this address. ##### Spending conditions (encumbrances) Transaction outputs associate a specific amount (in satoshis) to a specific *encumbrance* or locking script that defines the condition that must be met to spend that amount. In most cases, the locking script will lock the output to a specific Bitcoin Cash address, thereby transferring ownership of that amount to the new owner. When Alice paid Bob’s Cafe for a cup of coffee, her transaction created a 0.00208507 Bitcoin Cash output *encumbered* or locked to the cafe’s Bitcoin Cash address. That 0.00208507 Bitcoin Cash output was recorded on the blockchain and became part of the Unspent Transaction Output set, meaning it showed in Bob’s wallet as part of the available balance. When Bob chooses to spend that amount, his transaction will release the encumbrance, unlocking the output by providing an unlocking script containing a signature from Bob’s private key. #### Transaction Inputs In simple terms, transaction inputs are pointers to UTXO. They point to a specific UTXO by reference to the transaction hash and sequence number where the UTXO is recorded in the blockchain. To spend UTXO, a transaction input also includes unlocking scripts that satisfy the spending conditions set by the UTXO. The unlocking script is usually a signature proving ownership of the Bitcoin Cash address that is in the locking script. When users make a payment, their wallet constructs a transaction by selecting from the available UTXO. For example, to make a 0.00208507 Bitcoin Cash payment, the wallet app may select a 0.002 UTXO and a 0.00008507 UTXO, using them both to add up to the desired payment amount. Once the UTXO is selected, the wallet then produces unlocking scripts containing signatures for each of the UTXO, thereby making them spendable by satisfying their locking script conditions. The wallet adds these UTXO references and unlocking scripts as inputs to the transaction. [The structure of a transaction input](#tx_in_structure) shows the structure of a transaction input. | Size | Field | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | 32 bytes | Transaction Hash | Pointer to the transaction containing the UTXO to be spent | | 4 bytes | Output Index | The index number of the UTXO to be spent; first one is 0 | | 1-9 bytes (VarInt) | Unlocking-Script Size | Unlocking-Script length in bytes, to follow | | Variable | Unlocking-Script | A script that fulfills the conditions of the UTXO locking script | | 4 bytes | Sequence Number | Currently disabled Tx-replacement feature, set to 0xFFFFFFFF | Table 3. The structure of a transaction input #### Transaction Fees Most transactions include transaction fees, which compensate the Bitcoin Cash miners for securing the network. Mining and the fees and rewards collected by miners are discussed in more detail in [Mining and Consensus](/mastering-bitcoin-cash/7-mining-and-consensus/). This section examines how transaction fees are included in a typical transaction. Most wallets calculate and include transaction fees automatically. However, if you are constructing transactions programmatically, or using a command-line interface, you must manually account for and include these fees. Transaction fees serve as an incentive to include (mine) a transaction into the next block and also as a disincentive against "spam" transactions or any kind of abuse of the system, by imposing a small cost on every transaction. Transaction fees are collected by the miner who mines the block that records the transaction on the blockchain. Transaction fees are calculated based on the size of the transaction in kilobytes, not the value of the transaction in Bitcoin Cash. Overall, transaction fees are set based on market forces within the Bitcoin Cash network. Miners prioritize transactions based on many different criteria, including fees, and might even process transactions for free under certain circumstances. Transaction fees affect the processing priority, meaning that a transaction with sufficient fees is likely to be included in the next-most–mined block, whereas a transaction with insufficient or no fees might be delayed, processed on a best-effort basis after a few blocks, or not processed at all. Transaction fees are not mandatory, and transactions without fees might be processed eventually; however, including transaction fees encourages priority processing. The current algorithm used by miners to prioritize transactions for inclusion in a block based on their fees is examined in detail in [Mining and Consensus](/mastering-bitcoin-cash/7-mining-and-consensus/). #### Adding Fees to Transactions The data structure of transactions does not have a field for fees. Instead, fees are implied as the difference between the sum of inputs and the sum of outputs. Any excess amount that remains after all outputs have been deducted from all inputs is the fee that is collected by the miners. Transaction fees are implied, as the excess of inputs minus outputs: ``` Fees = Sum(Inputs) – Sum(Outputs) ``` This is a somewhat confusing element of transactions and an important point to understand, because if you are constructing your own transactions you must ensure you do not inadvertently include a very large fee by underspending the inputs. That means that you must account for all inputs, if necessary by creating change, or you will end up giving the miners a very big tip! For example, if you consume a 20-Bitcoin Cash UTXO to make a 1-Bitcoin Cash payment, you must include a 19-Bitcoin Cash change output back to your wallet. Otherwise, the 19-Bitcoin Cash "leftover" will be counted as a transaction fee and will be collected by the miner who mines your transaction in a block. Although you will receive priority processing and make a miner very happy, this is probably not what you intended. If you forget to add a change output in a manually constructed transaction, you will be paying the change as a transaction fee. "Keep the change!" might not be what you intended. Let’s see how this works in practice, by looking at Alice’s coffee purchase again. Alice wants to spend 0.00208507 Bitcoin Cash to pay for coffee. To ensure this transaction is processed promptly, she will want to include a transaction fee of 1 satoshi per byte. That will mean that the total cost of the transaction will be 0.00208750. Her wallet must therefore source a set of UTXO that adds up to 0.00208750 Bitcoin Cash or more and, if necessary, create change. Let’s say her wallet has a 0.00277257-Bitcoin Cash UTXO available. It will therefore need to consume this UTXO, create one output to Bob’s Cafe for 0.00208507, and a second output with 0.00068507 Bitcoin Cash in change back to her own wallet, leaving 0.00000243 Bitcoin Cash unallocated, as an implicit fee for the transaction. ### Transaction Chaining and Orphan Transactions As we have seen, transactions form a chain, whereby one transaction spends the outputs of the previous transaction (known as the parent) and creates outputs for a subsequent transaction (known as the child). Sometimes an entire chain of transactions depending on each other—say a parent, child, and grandchild transaction—are created at the same time, to fulfill a complex transactional workflow that requires valid children to be signed before the parent is signed. When a chain of transactions is transmitted across the network, they don’t always arrive in the same order. Sometimes, the child might arrive before the parent. In that case, the nodes that see a child first can see that it references a parent transaction that is not yet known. Rather than reject the child, they put it in a temporary pool to await the arrival of its parent and propagate it to every other node. The pool of transactions without parents is known as the *orphan transaction pool*. Once the parent arrives, any orphans that reference the UTXO created by the parent are released from the pool, revalidated recursively, and then the entire chain of transactions can be included in the transaction pool, ready to be mined in a block. Transaction chains can be arbitrarily long, with any number of generations transmitted simultaneously. The mechanism of holding orphans in the orphan pool ensures that otherwise valid transactions will not be rejected just because their parent has been delayed and that eventually the chain they belong to is reconstructed in the correct order, regardless of the order of arrival. There is a limit to the number of orphan transactions stored in memory, to prevent a denial-of-service attack against Bitcoin Cash nodes. The limit is defined as MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS in the source code of the Bitcoin Cash reference client. If the number of orphan transactions in the pool exceeds MAX_ORPHAN_TRANSACTIONS, one or more randomly selected orphan transactions are evicted from the pool, until the pool size is back within limits. ### Transaction Scripts and Script Language Bitcoin Cash clients validate transactions by executing a script, written in a Forth-like scripting language. Both the locking script (encumbrance) placed on a UTXO and the unlocking script that usually contains a signature are written in this scripting language. When a transaction is validated, the unlocking script in each input is executed alongside the corresponding locking script to see if it satisfies the spending condition. Today, most transactions processed through the Bitcoin Cash network have the form "Alice pays Bob" and are based on the same script called a Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash script. However, the use of scripts to lock outputs and unlock inputs means that through use of the programming language, transactions can contain an infinite number of conditions. Bitcoin Cash transactions are not limited to the "Alice pays Bob" form and pattern. This is only the tip of the iceberg of possibilities that can be expressed with this scripting language. In this section, we will demonstrate the components of the Bitcoin Cash transaction scripting language and show how it can be used to express complex conditions for spending and how those conditions can be satisfied by unlocking scripts. Bitcoin Cash transaction validation is not based on a static pattern, but instead is achieved through the execution of a scripting language. This language allows for a nearly infinite variety of conditions to be expressed. This is how Bitcoin Cash gets the power of "programmable money." #### Script Construction (Lock + Unlock) Bitcoin Cash’s transaction validation engine relies on two types of scripts to validate transactions: a locking script and an unlocking script. A locking script is an encumbrance placed on an output, and it specifies the conditions that must be met to spend the output in the future. Historically, the locking script was called a *scriptPubKey*, because it usually contained a public key or Bitcoin Cash address. In this book we refer to it as a "locking script" to acknowledge the much broader range of possibilities of this scripting technology. In most Bitcoin Cash applications, what we refer to as a locking script will appear in the source code as scriptPubKey. An unlocking script is a script that "solves," or satisfies, the conditions placed on an output by a locking script and allows the output to be spent. Unlocking scripts are part of every transaction input, and most of the time they contain a digital signature produced by the user’s wallet from his or her private key. Historically, the unlocking script is called *scriptSig*, because it usually contained a digital signature. In most Bitcoin Cash applications, the source code refers to the unlocking script as scriptSig. In this book, we refer to it as an "unlocking script" to acknowledge the much broader range of locking script requirements, because not all unlocking scripts must contain signatures. Every Bitcoin Cash client will validate transactions by executing the locking and unlocking scripts together. For each input in the transaction, the validation software will first retrieve the UTXO referenced by the input. That UTXO contains a locking script defining the conditions required to spend it. The validation software will then take the unlocking script contained in the input that is attempting to spend this UTXO and execute the two scripts. In the original Bitcoin Cash client, the unlocking and locking scripts were concatenated and executed in sequence. For security reasons, this was changed in 2010, because of a vulnerability that allowed a malformed unlocking script to push data onto the stack and corrupt the locking script. In the current implementation, the scripts are executed separately with the stack transferred between the two executions, as described next. First, the unlocking script is executed, using the stack execution engine. If the unlocking script executed without errors (e.g., it has no "dangling" operators left over), the main stack (not the alternate stack) is copied and the locking script is executed. If the result of executing the locking script with the stack data copied from the unlocking script is "TRUE," the unlocking script has succeeded in resolving the conditions imposed by the locking script and, therefore, the input is a valid authorization to spend the UTXO. If any result other than "TRUE" remains after execution of the combined script, the input is invalid because it has failed to satisfy the spending conditions placed on the UTXO. Note that the UTXO is permanently recorded in the blockchain, and therefore is invariable and is unaffected by failed attempts to spend it by reference in a new transaction. Only a valid transaction that correctly satisfies the conditions of the UTXO results in the UTXO being marked as "spent" and removed from the set of available (unspent) UTXO. [Combining scriptSig and scriptPubKey to evaluate a transaction script](#scriptSig_and_scriptPubKey) is an example of the unlocking and locking scripts for the most common type of Bitcoin Cash transaction (a payment to a public key hash), showing the combined script resulting from the concatenation of the unlocking and locking scripts prior to script validation. Figure 1. Combining scriptSig and scriptPubKey to evaluate a transaction script #### Scripting Language The Bitcoin Cash transaction script language, called *Script*, is a Forth-like reverse-polish notation stack-based execution language. If that sounds like gibberish, you probably haven’t studied 1960’s programming languages. Script is a very simple language that was designed to be limited in scope and executable on a range of hardware, perhaps as simple as an embedded device, such as a handheld calculator. It requires minimal processing and cannot do many of the fancy things modern programming languages can do. In the case of programmable money, that is a deliberate security feature. Bitcoin Cash’s scripting language is called a stack-based language because it uses a data structure called a *stack*. A stack is a very simple data structure, which can be visualized as a stack of cards. A stack allows two operations: push and pop. Push adds an item on top of the stack. Pop removes the top item from the stack. The scripting language executes the script by processing each item from left to right. Numbers (data constants) are pushed onto the stack. Operators push or pop one or more parameters from the stack, act on them, and might push a result onto the stack. For example, OP_ADD will pop two items from the stack, add them, and push the resulting sum onto the stack. Conditional operators evaluate a condition, producing a boolean result of TRUE or FALSE. For example, OP_EQUAL pops two items from the stack and pushes TRUE (TRUE is represented by the number 1) if they are equal or FALSE (represented by zero) if they are not equal. Bitcoin Cash transaction scripts usually contain a conditional operator, so that they can produce the TRUE result that signifies a valid transaction. In [Bitcoin Cash’s script validation doing simple math](#simplemath_script), the script 2 3 OP_ADD 5 OP_EQUAL demonstrates the arithmetic addition operator OP_ADD, adding two numbers and putting the result on the stack, followed by the conditional operator OP_EQUAL, which checks that the resulting sum is equal to 5. For brevity, the OP\_ prefix is omitted in the step-by-step example. The following is a slightly more complex script, which calculates 2 + 7 – 3 + 1. Notice that when the script contains several operators in a row, the stack allows the results of one operator to be acted upon by the next operator: ``` 2 7 OP_ADD 3 OP_SUB 1 OP_ADD 7 OP_EQUAL ``` Try validating the preceding script yourself using pencil and paper. When the script execution ends, you should be left with the value TRUE on the stack. Although most locking scripts refer to a Bitcoin Cash address or public key, thereby requiring proof of ownership to spend the funds, the script does not have to be that complex. Any combination of locking and unlocking scripts that results in a TRUE value is valid. The simple arithmetic we used as an example of the scripting language is also a valid locking script that can be used to lock a transaction output. Use part of the arithmetic example script as the locking script: ``` 3 OP_ADD 5 OP_EQUAL ``` which can be satisfied by a transaction containing an input with the unlocking script: ``` 2 ``` The validation software combines the locking and unlocking scripts and the resulting script is: ``` 2 3 OP_ADD 5 OP_EQUAL ``` As we saw in the step-by-step example in [Bitcoin Cash’s script validation doing simple math](#simplemath_script), when this script is executed, the result is OP_TRUE, making the transaction valid. Not only is this a valid transaction output locking script, but the resulting UTXO could be spent by anyone with the arithmetic skills to know that the number 2 satisfies the script. Figure 2. Bitcoin Cash’s script validation doing simple math Transactions are valid if the top result on the stack is TRUE (noted as {0x01}), any other non-zero value or if the stack is empty after script execution. Transactions are invalid if the top value on the stack is FALSE (a zero-length empty value, noted as {}) or if script execution is halted explicitly by an operator, such as OP_VERIFY, OP_RETURN, or a conditional terminator such as OP_ENDIF. #### Turing Incompleteness The Bitcoin Cash transaction script language contains many operators, but is deliberately limited in one important way—there are no loops or complex flow control capabilities other than conditional flow control. This ensures that the language is not *Turing Complete*, meaning that scripts have limited complexity and predictable execution times. Script is not a general-purpose language. These limitations ensure that the language cannot be used to create an infinite loop or other form of "logic bomb" that could be embedded in a transaction in a way that causes a denial-of-service attack against the Bitcoin Cash network. Remember, every transaction is validated by every full node on the Bitcoin Cash network. A limited language prevents the transaction validation mechanism from being used as a vulnerability. #### Stateless Verification The Bitcoin Cash transaction script language is stateless, in that there is no state prior to execution of the script, or state saved after execution of the script. Therefore, all the information needed to execute a script is contained within the script. A script will predictably execute the same way on any system. If your system verifies a script, you can be sure that every other system in the Bitcoin Cash network will also verify the script, meaning that a valid transaction is valid for everyone and everyone knows this. This predictability of outcomes is an essential benefit of the Bitcoin Cash system. ### Standard Transactions In the first few years of Bitcoin Cash’s development, the developers introduced some limitations in the types of scripts that could be processed by the reference client. These limitations are encoded in a function called isStandard(), which defines five types of "standard" transactions. These limitations are temporary and might be lifted by the time you read this. Until then, the five standard types of transaction scripts are the only ones that will be accepted by the reference client and most miners who run the reference client. Although it is possible to create a nonstandard transaction containing a script that is not one of the standard types, you must find a miner who does not follow these limitations to mine that transaction into a block. Check the source code of the Bitcoin Core client (the reference implementation) to see what is currently allowed as a valid transaction script. The five standard types of transaction scripts are pay-to-public-key-hash (P2PKH), public-key, multi-signature (limited to 15 keys), pay-to-script-hash (P2SH), and data output (OP_RETURN), which are described in more detail in the following sections. #### Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash (P2PKH) The vast majority of transactions processed on the Bitcoin Cash network are P2PKH transactions. These contain a locking script that encumbers the output with a public key hash, more commonly known as a Bitcoin Cash address. Transactions that pay a Bitcoin Cash address contain P2PKH scripts. An output locked by a P2PKH script can be unlocked (spent) by presenting a public key and a digital signature created by the corresponding private key. For example, let’s look at Alice’s payment to Bob’s Cafe again. Alice made a payment of 0.00208507 Bitcoin Cash to the cafe’s Bitcoin Cash address. That transaction output would have a locking script of the form: ``` OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <Cafe Public Key Hash> OP_EQUAL OP_CHECKSIG ``` The Cafe Public Key Hash is equivalent to the Bitcoin Cash address of the cafe, without the Base58Check encoding. Most applications would show the *public key hash* in hexadecimal encoding and not the familiar Bitcoin Cash address Base58Check format that begins with a "1". The preceding locking script can be satisfied with an unlocking script of the form: ``` <Cafe Signature> <Cafe Public Key> ``` The two scripts together would form the following combined validation script: ``` <Cafe Signature> <Cafe Public Key> OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <Cafe Public Key Hash> OP_EQUAL OP_CHECKSIG ``` When executed, this combined script will evaluate to TRUE if, and only if, the unlocking script matches the conditions set by the locking script. In other words, the result will be TRUE if the unlocking script has a valid signature from the cafe’s private key that corresponds to the public key hash set as an encumbrance. Figures and show (in two parts) a step-by-step execution of the combined script, which will prove this is a valid transaction. Figure 3. Evaluating a script for a P2PKH transaction (Part 1 of 2) #### Pay-to-Public-Key Pay-to-public-key is a simpler form of a Bitcoin Cash payment than pay-to-public-key-hash. With this script form, the public key itself is stored in the locking script, rather than a public-key-hash as with P2PKH earlier, which is much shorter. Pay-to-public-key-hash was invented by Satoshi to make Bitcoin Cash addresses shorter, for ease of use. Pay-to-public-key is now most often seen in coinbase transactions, generated by older mining software that has not been updated to use P2PKH. A pay-to-public-key locking script looks like this: ``` <Public Key A> OP_CHECKSIG ``` The corresponding unlocking script that must be presented to unlock this type of output is a simple signature, like this: ``` <Signature from Private Key A> ``` The combined script, which is validated by the transaction validation software, is: ``` <Signature from Private Key A> <Public Key A> OP_CHECKSIG ``` This script is a simple invocation of the CHECKSIG operator, which validates the signature as belonging to the correct key and returns TRUE on the stack. Figure 4. Evaluating a script for a P2PKH transaction (Part 2 of 2) #### Multi-Signature Multi-signature scripts set a condition where N public keys are recorded in the script and at least M of those must provide signatures to release the encumbrance. This is also known as an M-of-N scheme, where N is the total number of keys and M is the threshold of signatures required for validation. For example, a 2-of-3 multi-signature is one where three public keys are listed as potential signers and at least two of those must be used to create signatures for a valid transaction to spend the funds. At this time, standard multi-signature scripts are limited to at most 15 listed public keys, meaning you can do anything from a 1-of-1 to a 15-of-15 multi-signature or any combination within that range. The limitation to 15 listed keys might be lifted by the time this book is published, so check the isStandard() function to see what is currently accepted by the network. The general form of a locking script setting an M-of-N multi-signature condition is: ``` M <Public Key 1> <Public Key 2> ... <Public Key N> N OP_CHECKMULTISIG ``` where N is the total number of listed public keys and M is the threshold of required signatures to spend the output. A locking script setting a 2-of-3 multi-signature condition looks like this: ``` 2 <Public Key A> <Public Key B> <Public Key C> 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG ``` The preceding locking script can be satisfied with an unlocking script containing pairs of signatures and public keys: ``` OP_0 <Signature B> <Signature C> ``` or any combination of two signatures from the private keys corresponding to the three listed public keys. The prefix OP_0 is required because of a bug in the original implementation of CHECKMULTISIG where one item too many is popped off the stack. It is ignored by CHECKMULTISIG and is simply a placeholder. The two scripts together would form the combined validation script: ``` OP_0 <Signature B> <Signature C> 2 <Public Key A> <Public Key B> <Public Key C> 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG ``` When executed, this combined script will evaluate to TRUE if, and only if, the unlocking script matches the conditions set by the locking script. In this case, the condition is whether the unlocking script has a valid signature from the two private keys that correspond to two of the three public keys set as an encumbrance. #### Data Output (OP_RETURN) Bitcoin Cash’s distributed and timestamped ledger, the blockchain, has potential uses far beyond payments. Many developers have tried to use the transaction scripting language to take advantage of the security and resilience of the system for applications such as digital notary services, stock certificates, and smart contracts. Early attempts to use Bitcoin Cash’s script language for these purposes involved creating transaction outputs that recorded data on the blockchain; for example, to record a digital fingerprint of a file in such a way that anyone could establish proof-of-existence of that file on a specific date by reference to that transaction. The use of Bitcoin Cash’s blockchain to store data unrelated to Bitcoin Cash payments is a controversial subject. Many developers consider such use abusive and want to discourage it. Others view it as a demonstration of the powerful capabilities of blockchain technology and want to encourage such experimentation. Those who object to the inclusion of non-payment data argue that it causes "blockchain bloat," burdening those running full Bitcoin Cash nodes with carrying the cost of disk storage for data that the blockchain was not intended to carry. Moreover, such transactions create UTXO that cannot be spent, using the destination Bitcoin Cash address as a free-form 20-byte field. Because the address is used for data, it doesn’t correspond to a private key and the resulting UTXO can *never* be spent; it’s a fake payment. These transactions that can never be spent are therefore never removed from the UTXO set and cause the size of the UTXO database to forever increase, or "bloat." A compromise was reached with the introduction of the OP*RETURN operator. OP_RETURN allows developers to add 220 bytes of nonpayment data to a transaction output. However, unlike the use of "fake" UTXO, the OP_RETURN operator creates an explicitly \_provably unspendable* output, which does not need to be stored in the UTXO set. OP_RETURN outputs are recorded on the blockchain, so they consume disk space and contribute to the increase in the blockchain’s size, but they are not stored in the UTXO set and therefore do not bloat the UTXO memory pool and burden full nodes with the cost of more expensive RAM. ``` OP_RETURN scripts look like this: OP_RETURN <data> ``` The data portion is limited to 220 bytes and most often represents a hash, such as the output from the SHA256 algorithm (32 bytes). Many applications put a prefix in front of the data to help identify the application per the [Terab 4-byte prefix guideline for OP_RETURN on Bitcoin Cash](https://github.com/Lokad/Terab/blob/master/spec/opreturn-prefix-guideline.md). Keep in mind that there is no "unlocking script" that corresponds to OP*RETURN that could possibly be used to "spend" an OP_RETURN output. The whole point of OP_RETURN is that you can’t spend the money locked in that output, and therefore it does not need to be held in the UTXO set as potentially spendable—OP_RETURN is \_provably un-spendable*. OP_RETURN is usually an output with a zero Bitcoin Cash amount, because any Bitcoin Cash assigned to such an output is effectively lost forever. If an OP_RETURN is encountered by the script validation software, it results immediately in halting the execution of the validation script and marking the transaction as invalid. Thus, if you accidentally reference an OP_RETURN output as an input in a transaction, that transaction is invalid. A standard transaction (one that conforms to the isStandard() checks) can have only one OP_RETURN output. However, a single OP_RETURN output can be combined in a transaction with outputs of any other type. OP_RETURN was initially proposed with a limit of 80 bytes, but the limit was raised to 220 bytes of data on the May 15th 2018 BCH network upgrade. #### Pay-to-Script-Hash (P2SH) Pay-to-script-hash (P2SH) was introduced in 2012 as a powerful new type of transaction that greatly simplifies the use of complex transaction scripts. To explain the need for P2SH, let’s look at a practical example. In [What is Bitcoin Cash](/mastering-bitcoin-cash/1-what-is-bitcoin-cash/) we introduced Mohammed, an electronics importer based in Dubai. Mohammed’s company uses Bitcoin Cash’s multi-signature feature extensively for its corporate accounts. Multi-signature scripts are one of the most common uses of Bitcoin Cash’s advanced scripting capabilities and are a very powerful feature. Mohammed’s company uses a multi-signature script for all customer payments, known in accounting terms as "accounts receivable," or AR. With the multi-signature scheme, any payments made by customers are locked in such a way that they require at least two signatures to release, from Mohammed and one of his partners or from his attorney who has a backup key. A multi-signature scheme like that offers corporate governance controls and protects against theft, embezzlement, or loss. The resulting script is quite long and looks like this: 2 &lt;Mohammed's Public Key&gt; 5 OP_CHECKMULTISIG Although multi-signature scripts are a powerful feature, they are cumbersome to use. Given the preceding script, Mohammed would have to communicate this script to every customer prior to payment. Each customer would have to use special Bitcoin Cash wallet software with the ability to create custom transaction scripts, and each customer would have to understand how to create a transaction using custom scripts. Furthermore, the resulting transaction would be about five times larger than a simple payment transaction, because this script contains very long public keys. The burden of that extra-large transaction would be borne by the customer in the form of fees. Finally, a large transaction script like this would be carried in the UTXO set in RAM in every full node, until it was spent. All of these issues make using complex output scripts difficult in practice. Pay-to-script-hash (P2SH) was developed to resolve these practical difficulties and to make the use of complex scripts as easy as a payment to a Bitcoin Cash address. With P2SH payments, the complex locking script is replaced with its digital fingerprint, a cryptographic hash. When a transaction attempting to spend the UTXO is presented later, it must contain the script that matches the hash, in addition to the unlocking script. In simple terms, P2SH means "pay to a script matching this hash, a script that will be presented later when this output is spent." In P2SH transactions, the locking script that is replaced by a hash is referred to as the *redeem script* because it is presented to the system at redemption time rather than as a locking script. [Complex script without P2SH](#without_p2sh) shows the script without P2SH and [Complex script as P2SH](#with_p2sh) shows the same script encoded with P2SH. **Locking Script**: 2 PubKey1 PubKey2 PubKey3 PubKey4 PubKey5 5 OP_CHECKMULTISIG **Unlocking Script**: Sig1 Sig2 Table 4. Complex script without P2SH **Redeem Script**: 2 PubKey1 PubKey2 PubKey3 PubKey4 PubKey5 5 OP_CHECKMULTISIG **Locking Script**: OP_HASH160 &lt;20-byte hash of redeem script&gt; OP_EQUAL **Unlocking Script**: Sig1 Sig2 redeem script Table 5. Complex script as P2SH As you can see from the tables, with P2SH the complex script that details the conditions for spending the output (redeem script) is not presented in the locking script. Instead, only a hash of it is in the locking script and the redeem script itself is presented later, as part of the unlocking script when the output is spent. This shifts the burden in fees and complexity from the sender to the recipient (spender) of the transaction. Let’s look at Mohammed’s company, the complex multi-signature script, and the resulting P2SH scripts. First, the multi-signature script that Mohammed’s company uses for all incoming payments from customers: ``` 2 <Mohammed's Public Key> <Partner1 Public Key> <Partner2 Public Key> <Partner3 Public Key> <Attorney Public Key> 5 OP_CHECKMULTISIG ``` If the placeholders are replaced by actual public keys (shown here as 520-bit numbers starting with 04) you can see that this script becomes very long: ```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``` This entire script can instead be represented by a 20-byte cryptographic hash, by first applying the SHA256 hashing algorithm and then applying the RIPEMD160 algorithm on the result. The 20-byte hash of the preceding script is: ``` 54c557e07dde5bb6cb791c7a540e0a4796f5e97e ``` A P2SH transaction locks the output to this hash instead of the longer script, using the locking script: ``` OP_HASH160 54c557e07dde5bb6cb791c7a540e0a4796f5e97e OP_EQUAL ``` which, as you can see, is much shorter. Instead of "pay to this 5-key multi-signature script," the P2SH equivalent transaction is "pay to a script with this hash." A customer making a payment to Mohammed’s company need only include this much shorter locking script in his payment. When Mohammed wants to spend this UTXO, they must present the original redeem script (the one whose hash locked the UTXO) and the signatures necessary to unlock it, like this: ``` <Sig1> <Sig2> <2 PK1 PK2 PK3 PK4 PK5 5 OP_CHECKMULTISIG> ``` The two scripts are combined in two stages. First, the redeem script is checked against the locking script to make sure the hash matches: ``` <2 PK1 PK2 PK3 PK4 PK5 5 OP_CHECKMULTISIG> OP_HASH160 <redeem scriptHash> OP_EQUAL ``` If the redeem script hash matches, the unlocking script is executed on its own, to unlock the redeem script: ``` <Sig1> <Sig2> 2 PK1 PK2 PK3 PK4 PK5 5 OP_CHECKMULTISIG ``` ##### Pay-to-script-hash addresses Another important part of the P2SH feature is the ability to encode a script hash as an address, as defined in BIP0013. P2SH addresses are Base58Check encodings of the 20-byte hash of a script, just like Bitcoin Cash addresses are Base58Check encodings of the 20-byte hash of a public key. P2SH addresses use the version prefix "5", which results in Base58Check-encoded addresses that start with a "3". For example, Mohammed’s complex script, hashed and Base58Check-encoded as a P2SH address becomes 39RF6JqABiHdYHkfChV6USGMe6Nsr66Gzw. Now, Mohammed can give this "address" to his customers and they can use almost any Bitcoin Cash wallet to make a simple payment, as if it were a Bitcoin Cash address. The 3 prefix gives them a hint that this is a special type of address, one corresponding to a script instead of a public key, but otherwise it works in exactly the same way as a payment to a Bitcoin Cash address. P2SH addresses hide all of the complexity, so that the person making a payment does not see the script. ##### Benefits of pay-to-script-hash The pay-to-script-hash feature offers the following benefits compared to the direct use of complex scripts in locking outputs: - Complex scripts are replaced by shorter fingerprints in the transaction output, making the transaction smaller. - Scripts can be coded as an address, so the sender and the sender’s wallet don’t need complex engineering to implement P2SH. - P2SH shifts the burden of constructing the script to the recipient, not the sender. - P2SH shifts the burden in data storage for the long script from the output (which is in the UTXO set) to the input (stored on the blockchain). - P2SH shifts the burden in data storage for the long script from the present time (payment) to a future time (when it is spent). - P2SH shifts the transaction fee cost of a long script from the sender to the recipient, who has to include the long redeem script to spend it. ##### Redeem script and isStandard validation Prior to version 0.9.2, pay-to-script-hash was limited to the standard types of Bitcoin Cash transaction scripts, by the isStandard() function. That means that the redeem script presented in the spending transaction could only be one of the standard types: P2PK, P2PKH, or multi-sig nature, excluding OP_RETURN and P2SH itself. As of version 0.9.2, P2SH transactions can contain any valid script, making the P2SH standard much more flexible and allowing for experimentation with many novel and complex types of transactions. Note that you are not able to put a P2SH inside a P2SH redeem script, because the P2SH specification is not recursive. You are also still not able to use OP_RETURN in a redeem script because OP_RETURN cannot be redeemed by definition. Note that because the redeem script is not presented to the network until you attempt to spend a P2SH output, if you lock an output with the hash of an invalid transaction it will be processed regardless. However, you will not be able to spend it because the spending transaction, which includes the redeem script, will not be accepted because it is an invalid script. This creates a risk, because you can lock Bitcoin Cash in a P2SH that cannot be spent later. The network will accept the P2SH encumbrance even if it corresponds to an invalid redeem script, because the script hash gives no indication of the script it represents. P2SH locking scripts contain the hash of a redeem script, which gives no clues as to the content of the redeem script itself. The P2SH transaction will be considered valid and accepted even if the redeem script is invalid. You might accidentally lock Bitcoin Cash in such a way that it cannot later be spent.

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#Humanrights #Human #Rights

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The world of online events has seen unprecedented growth in recent years, with virtual conferences breaking new ground and even setting Guinness World Records. As digital gatherings become more ambitious, some events aim not just to inform and engage but to make history. ### Notable Guinness World Records in Online Events **World of Tanks: The Largest Online Game Server Attendance** In 2011, the multiplayer online game World of Tanks set a Guinness World Record for the highest number of players simultaneously online on a single server—91,311 users. This record highlighted the immense popularity and scalability of virtual gaming communities. (ixbt.games) **The Largest Cybersecurity Online Conference** In 2020, KnowBe4 organized a cybersecurity conference that gathered more than 30,000 participants. This event set the record for the largest online conference in the field, demonstrating the power of virtual events in bringing together professionals from around the world. This achievement was officially recognized by the Guinness World Records. **The Most Attended Virtual Concert** Another major milestone in online events was set by rapper Travis Scott, whose Fortnite virtual concert drew over 12 million concurrent viewers, making it the most attended digital concert ever. This event also earned recognition from the Guinness World Records for its groundbreaking achievement in digital entertainment. ### Beyond Banking Conference: Aiming for a New World Record In 2025, Beyond Banking Conference is set to challenge existing records by organizing what could become the largest online gathering in the blockchain and AI space. With an ambitious goal of attracting over 100,000 participants, the event will bring together industry leaders, innovators, and enthusiasts to discuss the future of blockchain, artificial intelligence, and decentralized finance (DeFi). By leveraging cutting-edge technology and strategic partnerships, Wenix aims to redefine what’s possible for online conferences. If successful, this event will not only break records but also set a new standard for global digital summits. This isn’t just another virtual conference—it’s a revolution in the making.

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No dia 2 de Abril de 2025, o Presidente dos Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, anunciou um novo pacote abrangente de tarifas com o objectivo de combater os desequilíbrios comerciais e revitalizar as indústrias nacionais. Foi imposta uma tarifa geral de 10% sobre todas as importações, com taxas mais elevadas—34% para a China e 20% para a União Europeia—em preparação para entrar em vigor. O anúncio reacendeu debates antigos sobre proteccionismo, globalização e o futuro do dólar norte-americano. Embora estas medidas possam parecer extremas, as tarifas são um instrumento tradicional da política comercial internacional. Países de todo o mundo, incluindo a União Europeia, utilizam-nas rotineiramente para proteger indústrias estratégicas, regular o comércio e gerar receitas. A UE, por exemplo, impõe há muito tempo taxas sobre produtos norte-americanos como bens agrícolas, maquinaria e têxteis. Em contrapartida, os EUA já taxaram importações da UE, como o aço, alumínio e aeronaves, em disputas comerciais. O que distingue a proposta de Trump é a sua escala, ambição e o objectivo mais amplo: reestruturar a economia dos EUA. Por detrás desta estratégia está uma realidade económica mais profunda—moldada por décadas de défices comerciais, endividamento crescente e o papel do dólar como moeda de reserva mundial. Este artigo explora como estes factores se cruzam, por que razão os EUA se encontram numa posição precária, e se políticas como tarifas elevadas, taxas de juro baixas ou até o Bitcoin podem apontar o caminho a seguir. ## As Raízes da Crise: Sobreconsumo e Desindustrialização nos EUA Durante décadas, os Estados Unidos "viveram acima das suas possibilidades", acumulando um défice comercial que actualmente ultrapassa os 800 mil milhões de dólares por ano. Este desequilíbrio—em que o país compra mais do que vende ao exterior—é sintoma de um problema mais profundo. No pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, os EUA eram uma potência industrial. Mas, a partir dos anos 70, e com maior intensidade nos anos 90, a globalização transferiu a produção para o estrangeiro. As empresas procuraram custos de mão de obra mais baixos e os mercados norte-americanos encheram-se de produtos fabricados fora. Para sustentar este consumo, os EUA apoiaram-se na sua posição privilegiada: a emissão da moeda de reserva mundial. Isso gerou um ciclo de endividamento, com o país a pedir emprestado ao exterior para manter o nível de vida. O resultado? Desindustrialização. Fábricas fecharam e milhões de empregos na indústria desapareceram em estados como Ohio, Michigan e Pensilvânia. Hoje, os EUA produzem muito menos—em proporção ao seu tamanho—do que há algumas décadas, mesmo mantendo um apetite crescente por importações. O défice comercial expõe uma fragilidade estrutural: um país cada vez mais incapaz de sustentar-se através da sua própria produção. Os dólares gastos fora regressam muitas vezes sob a forma de compras de dívida pública, perpetuando o ciclo. À medida que os défices crescem e a economia depende cada vez mais de mecanismos financeiros do que da **produção real**, surge uma questão inevitável: até quando poderá a América continuar a comprar a crédito antes que o cartão seja recusado? ## O Dilema de Triffin: Moeda Global vs. Potência Industrial Imagine ser a única pessoa numa cidade com uma impressora de dinheiro que todos usam. Para satisfazer a procura, continua a imprimir e a enviar notas para o exterior—até que o seu próprio negócio local entra em decadência e se torna dependente dos outros. Esta é a essência do Dilema de Triffin, e a corda bamba que os EUA têm vindo a atravessar há gerações. O dilema surge quando a moeda de um país é usada como padrão global. O dólar—utilizado mundialmente para transacções de petróleo, comércio e reservas—precisa de estar amplamente disponível. Essa abundância provém de défices comerciais persistentes por parte dos EUA. Mas os défices têm um custo. Os dólares enviados para fora voltam como procura por bens estrangeiros, enfraquecendo a produção interna. Porque fabricar um produto em Detroit por 10 dólares, quando se pode importar por $2? Com o tempo, isto destrói a base industrial do país. Esta não é uma preocupação teórica—é uma realidade histórica. O economista Robert Triffin advertiu nos anos 60 que um país não pode simultaneamente manter a sua moeda como padrão mundial e conservar uma base industrial sólida. Os EUA confirmaram essa previsão. Após a guerra, os dólares ajudaram a reconstruir a Europa e o Japão, mas esses mesmos países tornaram-se concorrentes industriais dos EUA em sectores como o aço e a indústria automóvel. As fábricas abandonadas no _Midwest_ e os teares silenciosos no sul são marcas visíveis desta troca. O domínio do dólar concedeu influência global à América, mas às custas da sua produção. ## Espiral da Dívida: Obrigações Financeiras Crescentes dos EUA Em 2025, a dívida federal dos EUA ultrapassa os 36 biliões de dólares ($36 000 000 000 000 000 000)—cerca de 108 mil dólares por cada americano, adultos, jovens, idosos. Durante anos, o acesso fácil ao crédito e a procura global por dívida americana mascararam os riscos. Agora, as fissuras estão à vista. O problema não é apenas o montante—é o prazo e o custo de manter esta dívida. Grande parte dela é de curto prazo, exigindo refinanciamentos frequentes. Com o aumento das taxas de juro, os custos associados disparam. Só em 2024, os pagamentos de juros ultrapassaram 1 bilião de dólares—mais do que os orçamentos combinados de educação, transportes e habitação. A “Lei de Ferguson”, proposta pelo historiador Niall Ferguson, afirma que quando os juros da dívida superam os gastos militares, o império está em declínio. Em 2025, os EUA gastam cerca de 900 mil milhões em defesa, e os encargos com juros já os ultrapassaram. Este ponto de viragem trouxe problemas a impérios do passado—do Reino Unido após a Primeira Guerra Mundial até Roma no seu declínio. Hoje, cresce o cepticismo quanto à saúde fiscal dos EUA. Países como a China e a Rússia estão a reduzir as suas reservas em dívida americana, preferindo ouro, yuan ou outros activos. Se mais nações seguirem o mesmo caminho, os EUA terão de escolher: continuar a endividar-se para sustentar o sistema ou aceitar um papel reduzido para o dólar na economia mundial. ## Desdolarização: A Mudança Global Longe do Dólar A desdolarização refere-se à tendência crescente de reduzir a dependência do dólar nas transacções comerciais, reservas e sistemas financeiros. Embora o dólar ainda domine, a sua supremacia está sob crescente pressão de novas potências económicas e tensões geopolíticas. ### Porque Está o Mundo a Afastar-se do Dólar? 1. **Risco Económico**: A volatilidade do dólar, agravada pela dívida e instabilidade política nos EUA, torna-o menos fiável como reserva de valor. 2. **Instrumento Geopolítico**: O uso do dólar pelos EUA para impor sanções leva rivais a procurar alternativas. ### Alternativas Emergentes - **Ouro**: Bancos centrais estão a reforçar as reservas em ouro como protecção. - **Commodities**: Petróleo e cereais começam a ser transaccionados em moedas alternativas—como vendas de petróleo em yuan pela Arábia Saudita. - **Criptomoedas**: Bitcoin e outros activos digitais ganham terreno como reservas neutras e descentralizadas. - **Moedas Regionais**: Os países dos BRICS desenvolvem sistemas de pagamento e discutem uma moeda comum para reduzir a dependência do dólar. ### Um Declínio Lento, Mas Visível A percentagem do dólar nas reservas cambiais mundiais caiu de 70% no ano 2000 para menos de 60% actualmente. O comércio em moedas não-dólar cresceu 25% desde 2020. O domínio do dólar persiste, mas o movimento de mudança é claro. ## A Estratégia Económica de Trump em 3 Etapas Em 2025, Trump apresentou uma estratégia económica audaciosa em três frentes: ### 1. Tarifas Elevadas para Revitalizar a Indústria Uma tarifa de 10% sobre todas as importações, com taxas superiores para países com superavit comercial, visa incentivar a produção interna. Críticos alertam para o aumento de preços e inflação, mas apoiantes defendem que é necessário para reindustrializar. ### 2. Redução das Taxas de Juro para Gerir a Dívida A administração pressiona a Reserva Federal para baixar as taxas, reduzindo os encargos da dívida pública. Isto levanta preocupações sobre a independência do banco central e a estabilidade monetária a longo prazo. ### 3. Bitcoin como Activo Estratégico de Reserva Num passo histórico, Trump assinou uma ordem executiva para criar a **Reserva Estratégica de Bitcoin** e o **Stock Nacional de Activos Digitais**. O objectivo é diversificar as reservas e proteger contra a inflação. ## Riscos e Compensações A estratégia económica de Trump não está isenta de riscos: - **Inflação**: Tarifas mais altas poderão aumentar o custo de vida. - **Polarização Política**: Medidas controversas poderão acentuar divisões internas. - **Incerteza Económica**: O proteccionismo pode afastar investimento e travar a inovação. - **Instabilidade Monetária**: Um erro na gestão da dívida ou dos activos digitais poderá enfraquecer o dólar. Estes riscos exigem gestão cuidadosa para evitar agravar os problemas existentes. ## O Papel de Bitcoin: Protecção ou Último Recurso? Integrar Bitcoin nas reservas nacionais é ousado—mas pode ser revolucionário, e a meu ver, inevitável! ### Vantagens - **Escassez**: Com oferta limitada a 21 milhões de unidades, Bitcoin é deflacionário. - **Descentralização**: Resistente à censura e manipulação, reforça a soberania financeira. - **Alcance Global**: Sem fronteiras, permite trocas neutras num mundo multipolar. ### Desafios - **Volatilidade**: As flutuações no curto prazo são ainda significativas, mas a adopção institucional pode estabilizar o preço. - **Regulação**: O enquadramento legal está em evolução, mas tende para maior clareza. - **Adopção Técnica**: Persistem desafios de escalabilidade, embora soluções como a Lightning Network estejam a amadurecer. A Reserva Estratégica de Bitcoin pode revelar-se visionária—ou precipitada. Tudo dependerá da execução e da aceitação global. ## Futuros Possíveis: Crise ou Reinvenção? Os EUA estão perante uma encruzilhada histórica. Um caminho aponta para a renovação: revitalizar a indústria e adoptar activos digitais, como por exemplo as stablecoins para perpetuar a hegemonia do dólar, lastreado em Bitcoin. O outro conduz à crise—com inflação, instabilidade e perda de influência global. Num cenário optimista, os EUA emergem como líderes industriais e digitais, com reservas diversificadas que incluem Bitcoin. A recente ordem executiva para adquirir Bitcoin de forma neutra ao orçamento é um sinal positivo. Num cenário pessimista, menos provável com as medidas em curso, o país mergulha em dívidas, vê o dólar enfraquecer e perde coesão interna. Mas com visão estratégica e inovação económica, há margem para navegar os desafios com sucesso. ## Conclusão A América enfrenta uma oportunidade única de redefinir o seu destino económico. A estratégia de Trump—baseada em tarifas, taxas de juro baixas e Bitcoin—pode marcar o início de uma nova era de resiliência e recuperação industrial. A inclusão de Bitcoin nas reservas nacionais mostra que os instrumentos tradicionais já não bastam. Ao abraçar os activos digitais e restaurar a produção nacional, os EUA podem recuperar a liderança económica mundial. O caminho será difícil. Mas com ousadia e execução eficaz, os Estados Unidos não só podem recuperar—podem reinventar-se. --- _Photo by [Jon Tyson](https://unsplash.com/@jontyson?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/text-FgewqOVtwbY?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash)_

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*** **Autor:** **[Eva Schmidt.](https://pareto.space/u/rm@pareto.town)** *Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem **[Pareto-Client](https://pareto.space/read)** geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden **[hier.](https://pareto.space/read?category=friedenstaube)*** *Dieser Beitrag ist zuvor auf* ***[Radio München](https://pareto.space/a/naddr1qqxnzde5xvmn2dfexqunjvp4qgszkf9plgcs6hq0q2vuzrcnchegpy676qjqwkf630d3jcfdza6s7eqrqsqqqa28qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqyv8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnsv9ex2ar09eehqctrv5q3wamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwpshyet5duh8gmmhdcq3yamnwvaz7tm0venxx6rpd9hzuur4vgq3wamnwvaz7tmsv9ex2ar09ehx7um5wgcjucm0d59u89ls)*** *erschienen. Das Gesamtangebot von Radio München finden Sie* ***[hier.](www.radiomuenchen.net/​)*** *** „Denke daran, daß das, was dich wie an unsichtbaren Fäden hin- und herzieht, in deinem Innern verborgen ist", soll der römische Kaiser Marc Aurel gesagt haben, der letzte bedeutende Philosoph der jüngeren Stoa. Brot und Spiele hieß es damals, machten die Gesellschaften gefügig: Bier, Wein, Whiskey, Ablenkung, Informationssteuerung. Das gesamte Gespräch gibt es unter folgendem Link (Vorschau wird in e-mails nicht angezeigt): <https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/kriegsspiele-durch-softpower?utm_source=clipboard&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=social_sharing> Wie sich die kognitive Einflussnahme zur Kriegsführung entwickelte, wie sie sich mit den heutigen medialen und technischen Mitteln darstellt und wie wir unsere Kinder und uns selbst davor schützen können, damit beschäftigt sich der Propagandaforscher und Amerikanist Dr. Jonas Tögel. Er promovierte zum Thema Soft Power und Motivation und forscht am Institut für Psychologie der Universität Regensburg. Meine Kollegin Eva Schmidt hat ihn interviewt und wollte zunächst von ihm wissen, wie er zur Propagandaforschung kam und auf welchen Grundlagen seine Tätigkeit aufbaut. *** *Dr. Jonas Tögel ist Amerikanist, Propagandaforscher und Bestsellerautor. Er hat zum Thema Soft Power und Motivation promoviert und arbeitet als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Institut für Psychologie der Universität Regensburg. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte sind unter anderem Motivation, der Einsatz von Soft-Power-Techniken, Nudging, Propaganda sowie epochale Herausforderungen des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts. Bei Westend erschien zuletzt sein Bestseller Kognitive Kriegsführung (2023).* *<https://www.jonastoegel.de/>* *Sein aktuelles Buch* *["Kriegsspiele - Wie NATO und Pentagon die Zerstörung Europas simulieren" ist im Westend-Verlag](https://www.buchkomplizen.de/buecher/kriegsspiele.html)* *erschienen, hat 111 Seiten und kostet 15 Euro.* *** **LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!** ***[Hier](https://pareto.space/u/friedenstaube@pareto.space)*** *können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt. (Vorerst an alle, da wir den Mailversand testen, später ca. drei Mails pro Woche.).* Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen: * Für **50 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube. * Für **120 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Für **500 CHF/EURO** werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Ab **1000 CHF** werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie). **Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):**  **Für Einzahlungen in Euro:** Milosz Matuschek IBAN DE 53710520500000814137 BYLADEM1TST Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg **Betreff: Friedenstaube** Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: <milosz@pareto.space> *** **Sie sind noch nicht auf** [Nostr](https://nostr.com/) **and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil!** Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf [Start.](https://start.njump.me/) Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im [Pareto-Wiki.](https://wiki.pareto.space/de/home)

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## تنبيه مهم أهلاً! قبل ما نبدأ، أنا مش مستشار مالي ولا خبير حاجة. أنا بس واحد قعد يتابع قنوات ويقرا عن الاستثمار الفترة اللي فاتت. مش مسؤول عن أي خسارة فلوس، بس كل اللي هاقوله هنا أنا بطبقه على نفسي الأول، فطبعاً مش هاضر نفسي (عن قصد على الأقل). --- ## إيه اللي هنتكلم عنه هاعمل سلسلة بوستات عن: - الأساسيات اللي لازم تعرفها عن الاستثمار والتداول - أفكار تساعدك تعمل محفظة استثمارية كويسة - تجربتي مع تطبيقات الاستثمار المختلفة - إجابة على الأسئلة اللي بتتسأل كتير هاحدّث البوستات لو في معلومات جديدة وهاكتب تاريخ آخر تحديث. عايز تتواصل معايا؟ اكتب كومنت علي بوست ريديت اللي لاقيت فيه لينك المقالة دي. --- ## الأساسيات ### الغلطة الأولى: لازم يكون معاك فلوس كتير علشان تستثمر دي فكرة غلط خالص. في الحقيقة، إنت بتستثمر علشان تجمع فلوس مش العكس. معظم الطرق اللي هاقولك عليها ممكن تبدأ بمبلغ صغير (حوالي 100 جنيه) وتزود عليه كل شهر. والحلو إن معظم الحاجات دي بتخليك تقدر تسحب فلوسك بسهولة لو احتجت. ### أهمية التحويش علشان تستثمر بجد، لازم تحوّش جزء من مرتبك كل شهر. المفروض تحوّش 25% من مرتبك، بس مع الغلا اللي احنا فيه دلوقتي، ابدأ بأي مبلغ تقدر عليه حتى لو 100 جنيه بس في الشهر. احسب مصاريفك لكام شهر وحط جنب مبلغ يكفيك 3-6 شهور للطوارئ. ### طريقة تفكير المستثمر الناس الناجحة مش بتصرف على المظاهر. قبل ما تشتري أي حاجة، اسأل نفسك: "هاستخدم الحاجة دي بعد 3 شهور؟" حدد احتياجاتك الحقيقية وبعدين دوّر على أحسن حاجة تناسبك. الاستثمار طريقة تفكير قبل ما يكون مجرد حتة تحط فيها فلوسك وخلاص. ### بلاش تخلي مشاعرك تتحكم فيك متخليش قلبك يتحكم في قرارات استثمارك. أكيد السوق ممكن ينزل شوية، بس على المدى البعيد بيطلع تاني. بص مثلاً على [مؤشر S&P 500](https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/). في مقولة حلوة بتقول: "If in doubt, zoom out". ### أهمية توزيع الفلوس متحطش فلوسك كلها في مكان واحد. لو حطيت كل فلوسك في البورصة وحصل هبوط، هتخسر جامد. لكن لو حاطط جزء في البورصة وجزء في الدهب مثلاً، لما واحدة تنزل التانية ممكن تطلع. اختار استثماراتك على حسب هدفك: عايز تسيب فلوسك لمدة طويلة (دهب وبورصة)؟ ولا عايز دخل شهري (صناديق استثمار أو شهادات بنك)؟ ### صعب ما هتبقي غني علي المدي القصير في ناس كتير لما بتسمع كلمة "استثمار" بتتخيل على طول عربيات فيراري وقصور. ولما تقولهم اشتروا دهب بيقولولك "لأ هستنى لما ينزل" (وهو أصلاً بيطلع). الفكرة إنك متحاولش تحدد "الوقت المثالي للسوق" (Time the market) عشان تدخل، لأنه ببساطة صعب جداً تعرف إمتى الوقت ده. ناس كتير بتحاول تحقق عائد أعلى من المتوسط (اللي هو 10% سنوياً) وبينتهي بيهم الأمر خسرانين. فمتحاولش تعمل ذكي أوي وتفضل مستني وتأجل. ابدأ على طول، والتزم بالاستثمار بانتظام. ### مفيش حاجة كاملة انا عارف شعور انك عايز كل حاجة وصدقني مش انت لوحدك، بس زي ما بيقولوا بالإنجليزي "you can't have your cake and eat it too"! يعني مثلاً لو عايز ربح كتير هتلاقي مقابله مخاطرة عالية، أو لو عايز أمان لفلوسك هتلاقي العائد قليل. دايماً هتلاقي حاجة على حساب حاجة وانت بس اللي تقرر هتستحمل إيه. أنا بالنسبة لي، بفضل حاجة بعائد صغير سنوي بس فيها أمان علشان مع الوقت يحصل تراكم للفوايد (compound interest) ويزيد المبلغ، بدل ما أخش في حاجة وأخسر كل حاجة. بس زي ما قلت، دي بترجع من شخص لشخص. ممكن مثلاً لو حاسس إن قدامك فرصة حلوة، تجرب بنسبة صغيرة (زي 20% من فلوسك) كتجربة. بس دايماً دايماً دايماً متخليش الطمع يسوقك. ### الوقت والعائد معظم طرق الاستثمار الآمنة بتاخد وقت علشان تظهر نتايجها. زي ما قلت قبل كده: العائد السريع غالباً بيقابله مخاطرة عالية. أنا بقدملك هنا خيارات أكثر أماناً، لكن مقابل ده هتلاقي العائد مش هيبقى مبهر على المدى القصير. عشان كده لازم تفكر في الاستثمار على مدة متوسطة لطويلة (من 3 لـ 5 سنين) علشان تحصد ثمار استثمارك بشكل كويس وتشوف النتايج اللي بتتمناها. --- ## مصادر للتعلم ### قنوات يوتيوب * **بالمصري**: * عميد يستثمر * محمد محي الدين * **بالإنجليزي**: * Two Cents * The Money Guy Show * Clear Value Tax * The Plain Bagel ### مواقع تفيدك * **بالإنجليزي**: * Investopedia --- كمل قراية من هنا: nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpu2h0sja0vmqdqjzq6e820jjjnuytzw2ksmemfnadhe0hm0zdws5qqxnzde5xvurqdp4xuunqd3sau2w7y --- ## ادعمني (لو حابب) * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- آخر تحديث: 4 أبريل 2025

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

A electricidade ou os computadores ou a Internet foram revoluções que mudaram o mundo, mas a adoção e a evolução da tecnologia foi lenta, permitindo que as populações e as económicas se adaptassem. Ao contrário, na AI, a evolução está a ser tão rápida, que as sociedades não vão conseguir acompanhar e adaptar a uma nova realidade. A AI tem um potencial inacreditável, talvez seja a revolução tecnológica mais rápida de sempre, além disso é muito abrangente, quase todos os sectores económicos podem beneficiar, pode provocar um forte aumento na produtividade. O potencial é tão elevado, como pode ser perigoso, sobretudo quando utilizado como uma arma contra a humanidade. Os governos ou empresas vão construir ferramentas com AI para monitorizar, manipular e controlar os cidadãos. Muitas profissões vão desaparecer ou reduzir drasticamente o número de trabalhadores. Tal como aconteceu nas revoluções anteriores, muitas profissões acabaram, mas surgir outras novas profissões. Ou seja, o problema não é a tecnologia, mas sim a maneira como se usa essa tecnologia. Os desafios para o futuro são tremendos. E o cidadão comum, o que está a fazer e a pensar… a fazer desenhos, a fazer idiotices. https://image.nostr.build/326d506f0015c99d09e061094bf3552764c6f6334be2899c6f5359f0a809d8bc.jpg Algo similar acontece com o Bitcoin, uma tecnologia revolucionária, em alguns casos particulares, as stablecoins poderão ser interessantes. Mas o povo prefere especulador em tokens absurdos e jogar no casino das memecoins. Também acontece com a internet, é uma fonte acessível e inesgotável de conhecimento, mas as pessoas preferem passar horas sem fim, nas redes sociais a fazer swipe up, a consumir conteúdo degradante. O mundo ocidental está a transformar os cidadãos em zumbis, facilmente manipuláveis, obedientes, viciados. Nós necessitamos é de pessoas curiosas, com espírito crítico, criativas. Essencialmente, que pensem pela sua própria cabeça.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, is like stepping into a real-life fairy tale. With its Gothic towers, baroque churches, medieval streets, and a majestic castle watching over the city, it’s no surprise that it’s one of Europe’s most beloved destinations. Add in great beer, cozy cafés, and stunning river views, and you’ve got the perfect city break.  ## **🌟 Top Things to Do in Prague** ### **1️⃣ Prague Castle & St. Vitus Cathedral** - One of the **largest castle complexes in the world** - Don’t miss **St. Vitus Cathedral**, the **Old Royal Palace**, and **Golden Lane** - Climb the cathedral tower for **epic city views**  ### **2️⃣ Charles Bridge (Karlův most)** - Iconic 14th-century bridge lined with **30 baroque statues** - Walk it at **sunrise or late at night** to avoid the crowds - Great for **photos, street musicians, and romantic vibes**  ### **3️⃣ Old Town Square & Astronomical Clock** - The heart of the city, with colorful buildings and Gothic spires - Watch the **Astronomical Clock chime on the hour** (since 1410!) - Check out **Týn Church** and the **Old Town Hall Tower** ### **4️⃣ Explore the Jewish Quarter (Josefov)** - Visit the **Old Jewish Cemetery**, **synagogues**, and the **Jewish Museum** - Learn about centuries of Jewish heritage and resilience in Prague  ### **5️⃣ Climb Up to Petřín Hill** - Take the funicular or walk to the top for **gardens, a mirror maze, and a mini Eiffel Tower** - Fantastic place for **picnics, sunsets, and panoramic views**  ## **🍽️ What to Eat & Drink in Prague** - **Goulash with dumplings (guláš s knedlíky)** – Hearty and satisfying - **Svíčková** – Beef with creamy vegetable sauce and cranberry - **Trdelník** – Tourist favorite sweet pastry (not traditionally Czech, but tasty!) - **Czech beer** – World-famous for a reason (Pilsner Urquell, Kozel, Staropramen) 🍻 - Try a traditional pub or **lokál** for authentic Czech cuisine and great prices  ## **🛶 Other Cool Experiences** ✅ Take a **Vltava River cruise** – see Prague from the water ✅ Visit **Letná Park** for sweeping views and a beer garden ✅ Check out **Kafka Museum** for surreal vibes and literary history ✅ Explore **Vyšehrad** – lesser-known castle ruins with gorgeous views and peaceful paths ✅ Snap pics at the **Lennon Wall**, especially for street art fans 🎨  ## **🚇 Getting Around** - **Very walkable**, especially in the historic center - Excellent **public transport**: trams, metro, and buses (get a 24 or 72-hour pass) - **Uber and Bolt** are reliable if you need a ride - Be cautious with **exchange rates and ATMs**—use official places or bank ATMs only  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Prague** 🕰️ **Wake up early** to enjoy the city without crowds 🎟️ Book **castle or tower tickets** in advance during peak seasons 🌧️ Pack layers—it can be breezy even in spring 📷 Keep your camera ready—**every corner is postcard-worthy** 

@ e5de992e:4a95ef85

Historical Rapid Declines in the S&P 500: Lessons from Major Market Crashes The S&P 500 has experienced rapid declines of over 10% within short periods on several notable occasions, each linked to significant economic or geopolitical events. These instances underscore the market's vulnerability during times of crisis. --- ## October 19-20, 1987 (Black Monday Crash) - **Drop:** On October 19, 1987, the S&P 500 plummeted approximately **20.47%**, marking the largest single-day percentage decline in its history. The following day saw further losses, culminating in a two-day drop exceeding **25%**. - **Context:** Factors such as program trading, portfolio insurance strategies, and widespread panic selling contributed to this unprecedented crash. --- ## November 19-20, 2008 (Global Financial Crisis) - **Drop:** Amid the 2008 financial crisis, the S&P 500 declined roughly **10.8%** over two days, reflecting the turmoil following the collapse of major financial institutions. - **Context:** The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and escalating fears of a global recession led to this significant market downturn. --- ## March 11-12, 2020 (COVID-19 Pandemic Crash) - **Drop:** The rapid spread of COVID-19 and ensuing economic shutdowns triggered a two-day decline of approximately **12.2%** in the S&P 500. By March 16, the total decline over four days exceeded **20%**. - **Context:** The pandemic's uncertainty and global impact led to one of the fastest descents into bear market territory. --- ## April 3-4, 2025 (Trade War-Induced Crash) - **Drop:** Recently, the S&P 500 experienced a sharp decline of **10.5%** over two days, erasing approximately **$5 trillion** in market value. - **Context:** This downturn followed sweeping tariffs announced by President Donald Trump—a 10% baseline tariff on all imports, with higher rates on specific countries (e.g., China, the European Union). China's retaliatory tariffs intensified fears of a global trade war and a potential recession. --- ## Observations - **Frequency:** Such rapid declines are rare, occurring approximately once every 10-20 years, typically during periods of extreme market stress. - **Catalysts:** Each event was precipitated by unique factors: - Technological trading mechanisms in 1987 - Financial sector instability in 2008 - A global health crisis in 2020 - Geopolitical trade tensions in 2025 - **Market Resilience:** Despite these significant setbacks, markets have historically demonstrated resilience, often rebounding and reaching new highs in subsequent years. --- ## Conclusion Understanding these historical instances provides valuable insights into market dynamics and the potential impact of external shocks on financial systems. Recognizing the catalysts and observing market resilience over time can help investors navigate future downturns with a more informed perspective. ---

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

احنا المرة اللي فاتت اتكلمنا عن طرق الاستثمار بشكل عام فا تعالي بقي ناخدهم واحدة واحدة بالمميزات و العيوب و اول حاجة هنبدا بيها هي البورصة الامريكية. --- ## المنصات التداول: المنصتين اللي انصح بيهم عن تجربة شخصية هما: ### IBKR * حلوة لو لسه جديد علشان شكل الموقع خفيف * العمولات صغيرة * عيبها إن طرق الايداع صعبة ### Tastytrade * حلوة علشان فية طرق ايداع عن طريق الكريبتو فا اسهل * عيبها إن الشكل مش احسن حاجة كا تصميم للموقع ## مميزات البورصة الأمريكية * بالدولار الامريكي (هيساعد بالتضخم) * الحد الادني 5 دولار لشراء جزء من السهم (علي حسب منصة التداول بس اغلبهم يعني) * تقدر تخرج بأي وقت لو محتاج الفلوس * مضمون و علي المدي الطويل العائد كان مضمون ## عيوب البورصة الأمريكية * لازم باسبور او بطاقة مترجمة من مكان معتمد * طرق الايداع صعبة لو هتستخدم موقع زي IBKR مثلا * علي المدي القصير ممكن تخسر فلوسك * العمولات بتختلف من منصة للتاني بس في حدود ال11 سنت لو هتشتري جزء من السهم --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * لو حابب تسجل عن طريق Tastytrade ممكن تستخدم رابط الاحاله بتاعي: https://open.tastytrade.com/signup?referralCode=FE3YFNRFJZ * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- شوف الكومنتات لو فيه أي تعديل أو بوستات جديدة.

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

المرة اللي فاتت اتكلمنا عن مميزات وعيوب العملات الرقمية والذهب العالمي. النهاردة هنتكلم عن طريقة استثمار مختلفة: ازاي تستثمر في العقارات برا مصر وانت قاعد في مكانك أونلاين! --- ## مميزات وعيوب بشكل عام ### المميزات - استثمار في أصل حقيقي (عقار) فبتضمن فلوسك في حاجة ملموسة - العقارات على المدى الطويل بتكسب كويس - العائد بالدولار (9-10% سنوياً) - الدخل بيتوزع أسبوعي أو شهري على حسب المنصة - الحد الأدنى للاستثمار منخفض مقارنة بالاستثمار العقاري في مصر ### العيوب - المنصات أونلاين، فممكن في أي وقت يحصل مشكلة والموقع يقفل - ممكن سعر العقار ينهار في المنطقة اللي اشتريت فيها - ممكن يحصل مشاكل غير متوقعة للعقار (حريق، زلزال، إلخ) - الاستثمار بيحتاج مدة طويلة (3-5 سنين) علشان يكون مجزي --- ### المنصات المنصات دي بتعمل شركة بتشتري العقار، وبعدين بتوزع أسهم الشركة على المستثمرين. يعني انت مش بتشتري العقار مباشرةً، لكن بتشتري حصة في شركة مالكة للعقار. ده بيخليك متدفعش ضرائب على العقار نفسه (على حد علمي، بس أسأل حد خبير للتأكيد). ## منصة Realt دي منصة بتتيح لك الاستثمار في عقارات بأمريكا وبنما. بتشتغل بنظام البلوكتشين والعملات الرقمية. كل توكن (token) بيمثل حصة في العقار (أو في الشركة المالكة للعقار). مثلاً: لو التوكن الواحد بـ 50 دولار والربح المتوقع 5 دولار في السنة، يبقى العائد 10% سنوياً. العائد بيتوزع أسبوعياً من خلال عملة USDC، سواء على شبكة ETH (هتدفع رسوم gas fees) أو شبكة Gnosis (بدون رسوم). فيها خدمة حلوة اسمها YAM (You and Me) وهي سوق P2P للعقارات. يعني تقدر تبيع عقارك لأفراد مش للموقع نفسه، وتحدد السعر اللي يناسبك، أو تشتري عقارات قديمة من مستثمرين تانيين. ### مميزات Realt - سهلة الاستخدام نسبياً - الحد الأدنى صغير (حوالي 50 دولار) - في محفظة داخل الموقع لو معندكش محفظة عملات رقمية - تقدر تشتري بالفيزا أو بالعملات الرقمية - العائد أسبوعي - تقدر تبيع في أي وقت ### عيوب Realt - ممكن المنصة تقفل فجأة - ممكن تحصل مشكلة بالشبكة - لازم يكون معاك باسبور --- ## منصة Stake دي منصة بتتيح لك الاستثمار في أسواق السعودية والإمارات. مرخصة من البلدين، وتعتبر أسهل من Realt لأنها مفيهاش حوار العملات الرقمية. هتدخل تسجل بالباسبور، وتختار العقار وتشتري أسهم فيه. الحد الأدنى 500 درهم (حوالي 135 دولار) للعقار. العائد شهري (مش متأكد 100%، لسه منتظر أول توزيع) وبيتحول على حسابك البنكي سواء برا أو جوا الإمارات وبأي عملة انت تختارها. عشان تسحب فلوسك، في فترات محددة اسمها "exit window" بتكون مرتين في السنة. أو بعد 3 سنين، بيحصل تصويت بين أصحاب العقار لو عايزين يبيعوا قبل مدة الـ 5 سنين. ### مميزات Stake - سهلة الاستخدام - واجهة ممتازة وبسيطة - منصة مرخصة من السعودية والإمارات ### عيوب Stake - الخروج مش مرن (مرتين في السنة) - ممكن المنصة تتعرض لمشاكل - مخاطر العقارات العامة --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * لو حابب تسجل عن طريق Realt ممكن تستخدم رابط الإحالة بتاعي: https://realt.co/ref/esmailelbob/ * لو حابب تسجل عن طريق Stake ممكن تستخدم رابط الإحالة بتاعي: https://app.getstake.com/rewards?c=ISMAEL182 * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- شوف الكومنتات لو فيه أي تعديل أو بوستات جديدة.

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

النهاردة هنتكلم عن طريقة استثمار مختلفة: ازاي تستثمر في العقارات جوا مصر وانت قاعد في مكانك أونلاين! --- ## مميزات وعيوب بشكل عام ### المميزات - استثمار في أصل حقيقي (عقار) فبتضمن فلوسك في حاجة ملموسة - العقارات على المدى الطويل بتكسب كويس - العائد بالجنية بس مربوط بالدولار (9-10% سنوياً) يعني لو الجنية اتعوم تاني العائد اللي بيجي ليك بالجنية هيزيد 500 بدل 300 مثلا. - الدخل بيتوزع شهري ### العيوب - ممكن سعر العقار ينهار في مصر - ممكن يحصل مشاكل غير متوقعة للعقار (حريق، زلزال، إلخ) - الاستثمار بيحتاج مدة طويلة (3-5 سنين) علشان يكون مجزي - الحد الادني كبير نسبيا يعني 50 الف جنية - تدفع ضرائب عقارية --- ### المنصات هي منصة واحده (علي الاقل اللي جربتة) اسمها Safe هي تبع مدينه مصر و علي عكس الاستثمار العالمي هو انت فعلا بتشتري جزء من الشقة فا حلو لانه مشترك مباشر بس بالمقابل هتدفع ضرائب العقارية كل سنة لانه انت كدا مالك لعقار جوا مصر ## منصة Safe دي المنصة الوحيدة اللي اعرفها علي الاقل في مصر و هي الي حد ما حلوة يعني الستجيل بالبطاقة و بعدها بتختار العقار و تحط الفيزا سواء تدفع مره واحده او بالتقسيط (بفوائد) لحد سنة و بعد كدا باسبوع هيجي شخص تمضي معاه العقد و بعد شهر هيجي ليك اول عائد في حسابك البنكي اللي كاتبة في التطبيق المميزات: - سهل - ينفع بالبطاقة العيوب: - الفلوس محجوزة لمده 6 شهور قبل ما تقدر تبيع وتسحب فلوسك - فيه شويه اخطاء تقنيه زي مثلا انا وصلي العائد في البنك بس لسه مسمعش في التطبيق لحد دلوقتي و في شويه عقارات بتظهر و تختفي (لما تكون اتملت) فا اللي هو حاسس في حاجات لسه يدوي و متوقع لان التطبيق جديد بس قصدي كان عندي امل يستنوا شويه اكتر الاول قبل ما يبدوا التطبيق --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- شوف الكومنتات لو فيه أي تعديل أو بوستات جديدة.

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

النهاردة هنتكلم عن شهادات البنك. وقبل ما أكمل، أنا مش شيخ ومش دوري أقولك الحلال والحرام. إنت تقدر تسأل أهل العلم أكتر على حسب دينك طبعاً. أنا برشح شهادات البنك في حالتين: لو كانت بالدولار (مع إني في الحالة دي هقولك اعملهم عملات رقمية أحسن لأنه هيبقى سهل تحركهم برا البنك وقرفه)، أو شهادات بالجنيه علشان تصرف منهم (بس هنا برضه هقولك شوفلك فوري يومي أحسن شوية). غير بقى لو إنت عايز الشهادات اللي العائد فيها أعلى، بمعنى حاجة زي 27% سنوي أو ال3 سنين تناقصي (أول سنة 30%، تاني سنة 28%، وتالت سنة 25% تقريباً) وساعتها العائد مش هيبقى شهري. بس لو دي خطتك، فساعتها بس هرشح ليك شهادات البنك. غير كدا مش شايف ليها لازمة، لأنه بكل بساطة عقبال ما الفلوس تتفك هيكون قيمتها قلت والعائد نفسه ملهوش قيمة أوي. --- طبعاً هنا مش هقدر أتكلم كتير لأن كل بنك ليه سياسته، بس كل اللي أقدر أرشحه أي حاجة تكون أقرب من بيتك وشهاداتها عالية زي البنك الأهلي المصري أو بنك مصر. والحلو إنك تقدر تعمل شهادة أونلاين عن طريق التطبيق. وإنت بتفتح حساب، أرشحلك تفتح وقت الشمول المالي لأنه بيبقى سهل، وتفعّل تطبيق البنك وتعمل شهادات براحتك. بس العيوب إنها بتختلف من بنك لبنك، والحساب بيبقى فيه حد أقصى للرصيد لو شمول مالي حوالي 100 ألف أو 200 ألف (مشاكل أغنياء برضه بس حبيت أوضحها). ده غير كل 3 شهور مصاريف الحساب برضه، وطبعاً إنك مش هتقدر تاخد الفلوس غير بعد المدة أو أول 6 شهور بس هتخسر جامد فيهم، فخلي بالك. مع باقي حاجات البنك المعقدة دي بقى، اسأل البنك. وبرضه حابب أوضح: خلي بالك وإنت بتمضي، لأنه بسمع حالات كتير موظف البنك خلى الناس تمضي على كريدت كارد وتأمين للحياة وغيره كتير. فاقرأ إنه نت بنكي وفتح حساب وخلاص. وللأسف هنا الفرع بيفرق، فاختار الأقرب أو أنضف أقرب حاجة ليك (لو فيه فرع معروف إنه وحش يعني). ولو في أي مشاكل أنصحك تعمل بلاغ في البنك المركزي https://www.cbe.org.eg/ar/consumer-protection علشان تاخد حقك. المميزات: - سهل نسبياً ومضمون - بطاقة بس لو حساب شمول مالي العيوب: - مش هتاخد الفلوس غير بعد المدة سواء سنة أو 3 سنين - ممكن البنك يرخم عليك - مصاريف الحساب الدورية (غير لو كان بنك زي QNB مثلاً، بس في الوقت ده الشهادات العائد فيها قليل مقارنة بالباقي ومفيش شهادات بالعملات الأجنبية) --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- شوف الكومنتات لو فيه أي تعديل أو بوستات جديدة.

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

النهاردة هنتكلم عن فوري يومي، تقريباً أكتر صندوق مقرب لقلبي وبرشحه لأي شخص بيدور على حاجة تطلع بيها عائد يصرف منه. العائد بتاعه حوالي 24% وبينزل يومي، فمقارنة بالعائد الشهري بتاع البنوك اللي هو 23% أو 23.5%، فيعتبر حلو جداً لأن العائد يومي زي ما قلت وبتقدر تسحب فلوسك فوري (عن طريق الكارت الأصفر) أو خلال يومين عمل لو تحويل بنكي. قصدي إنه مش بيتجمد زي البنك، بس فيه عيوب برضه زي إنك لازم تروح تمضي الورق من فرع فوري بلس، أو إن الحد الأقصى 100 ألف جنيه (مشاكل أغنياء عارف، بس لازم أقول كل العيوب)، غير لو هتقدم مصدر دخل وهكذا. هقولك بالتفصيل تحت عن مشكلة حصلت معايا عشان تاخد بالك منها وإنت بتقدم. --- ## تطبيق ماي فوري علشان تبدأ في الصندوق، لازم تروح الفرع ويبقى معاك تطبيق ماي فوري. وللصراحة، الموضوع سهل وبسيط: هو بطاقتك وتروح أي فرع، هتمضي على ورق وتتصور هناك (هما هيصوروك) وكام يوم وبس كدا هتتفعل. أعتقد مش محتاج كارت فوري الأصفر، بس هو هيساعدك كتير وببلاش، فأنصحك تعمله مع الصندوق. بس خلي بالك ومهم جداً جداً: لأني تاني مرة لما كنت بعمل الكارت (كانت بعد حادثة تهكير فوري)، الراجل هناك قعد يحوّر ويقولي لازم تعمل محفظة على رقم التليفون وإلزامي وبتاع، وفي الآخر طلع بيكدب علشان ياخد بونص. وأنا مش بهاجمه، بس قصدي خلي بالك لأنه ممكن يستغلوك بالفرع ويمضيك على حاجات زيادة. فإنت اقرأ العقد بتاعك قبل ما تمضي، أو روح فرع نضيف. هو مش لازم أقرب فرع ليك، فخلي بالك من النقطة دي. ## المميزات: - سهل - بطاقتك بس - تقدر تسحب في أي وقت وسهولة الإيداع كمان ## عيوب: - كبداية في حد أقصى 100 ألف جنيه، بس ممكن تزودهم بعدين - الإيداع بيقعد كام يوم عمل لحد ما يسمع - العائد بينزل يومي ماعدا الجمعة والسبت والأحد تقريباً كمان --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- شوف الكومنتات لو فيه أي تعديل أو بوستات جديدة.

@ f1577c25:de26ba14

أهلاً! أفترض إنك قرأت أول كام بوست، ولو لأ فده لينك أول بوست علشان تتابع بالترتيب: <لينك أول بوست> --- المرة اللي فاتت اتكلمنا عن مميزات وعيوب البورصة الأمريكية، زي إنك تقدر تستخدم الكريبتو كطريقة إيداع سهلة. النهاردة هنتكلم عن حاجتين مهمين: العملات الرقمية المستقرة والذهب العالمي. --- ## العملات الرقمية المستقرة (Stablecoins): لما بتكلم عن العملات الرقمية، مش قصدي تشتري بيتكوين وخلاص. أنا قصدي العملات المستقرة زي USDT وUSDC، لأن كل عملة منهم ليها ما يعادلها بالدولار أو أصول حقيقية. يعني لو بصيت على سعر البيتكوين هتلاقيه ممكن 80 ألف دولار للوحدة، لكن USDT أو USDC دايماً سعرها قريب من 1 دولار. دي حلوة جداً للتعامل الإلكتروني لأنها زي الدولار المشفر. إحنا هنستخدمها في خدمة اسمها "Earn" وهي شبه شهادات البنك. بتروح على بينانس، تشتري عن طريق P2P، وبعدين تروح على صفحة الـ Earn: https://www.binance.me/en/earn/simple-earn هناك هتلاقي خيار تعمل "stake" للعملات دي، يعني بتحجز فلوسك لمدة معينة على الموقع، والموقع بيستخدمها (يسلفها لحد تاني أو يستخدمها كسيولة). الحلو إن في Earn، مش لازم تقفل فلوسك لسنة أو 3 سنين زي البنك. في اختيار اسمه "Flexible" بتقدر تحط فلوسك وتسحبها في نفس اليوم، والعائد بينزل يومياً. العيب إن العائد بيتغير يومياً. ممكن تختار Flexible لو عايز تسحب في أي وقت، أو تختار مدة أسبوع أو 90 يوم بعائد ثابت (بس بيكون أقل من الـ Flexible شوية). ممكن كمان تفعل "Auto-Subscribe" لأن العائد بينزل بنفس نوع العملة، فبدل ما العائد يفضل مركون، أو لما يبقى معاك عملات زيادة في المحفظة، هو بيشترك تلقائي في Earn، فبيبقى زي العائد المركب. ### المميزات - عائد دولاري ومش متأثر بالجنيه - بينزل عائد يومي - تقدر تسحب فلوسك في أي وقت - الحد الأدنى صغير (حوالي 100 جنيه) ### العيوب - الأمان مش 100% لأنها منصة وممكن (لا قدر الله) تقفل حسابك - العملات الرقمية غير قانونية في بعض البلدان فخلي بالك - خلي بالك من محاولات النصب: زي لما حد يقولك نكمل المعاملة برا المنصة، أو يبعت رسالة من رقمه كأنها من إنستاباي أو فودافون كاش - العائد متغير وممكن يقل (بس حالياً حوالين 10%) - قيمة الدولار نفسها ممكن تتغير ملحوظة: لو قلقان من بينانس، فيه منصات تانية زي Kraken (بس العائد أسبوعي ومش عالي) أو OKX اللي بتدي أول 180 يوم عائد 10% مضمون، وبعدين ممكن تحول لـ Binance أو Bybit. --- ## الذهب العالمي (PAXG) بالنسبة للذهب، نفس الخطوات السابقة بالظبط. الحلو إنه في خدمة Earn لـ PAXG - صحيح العائد أقل من 1% سنوياً، بس أحسن من مفيش! هتشتري USDT من خلال P2P، بعدين تروح بينانس وتعمل تحويل من USDT إلى PAXG. كده بقى معاك ذهب بالسعر العالمي. أحب أطمنك إن PAXG من شركة موثوقة، وتقدر تقرا عنها هنا: https://www.paxos.com/pax-gold فيه عملات تانية شبهها، بس دي من أفضلهم، خصوصاً إنهم بيعملوا تقييم للأصول بشكل دوري للتأكد من مصداقية الشركة. ### المميزات - ذهب سهل الوصول إليه - الحد الأدنى قليل - أمان نسبي ضد التضخم - سهولة الشراء والبيع ### العيوب - نفس عيوب المنصات الرقمية - قيمة الذهب نفسها ممكن تتغير - العائد على الـ PAXG منخفض (أقل من 1%) العملة موجودة كمان على Kraken، بس مش متأكد لو فيها خدمة Earn زي بينانس. --- ## ادعمني (اختياري) * لو حابب تسجل عن طريق Binance ممكن تستخدم رابط الإحالة بتاعي: https://www.binance.com/referral/earn-together/refertoearn2000usdc/claim?hl=en&ref=GRO_14352_5LGSE * USDT (TRC20): `TKQ3Uwkq21ntiua2Zh9Hu376fdMdnRGWN6` --- شوف التعليقات لو في اي تعديل او بوستات جديدة.

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/936802

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

It's so cool how AI is blending design and engineering together, making it easier for us all to be efforts creative in new ways! Steve Jobs once said: > _“The doers are the major thinkers. The people who really create the things that change this industry are both the thinker-doer in one person.”_ `— Steve Jobs` Would its words become truth? Or they already are? originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/936796

@ e5de992e:4a95ef85

The stock market is currently experiencing a significant downturn, with major indices such as the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average recording substantial losses. This decline is largely attributed to the recent implementation of sweeping tariffs by President Donald Trump, including a 10% levy on all imports and higher duties on exports from key trading partners like China, the European Union, Japan, and Vietnam. These measures have ignited fears of a global trade war, leading to a massive sell-off in the markets. Notably, the S&P 500 dropped 6%, the Nasdaq slid 5.8%, and the Dow Jones fell by 2,231 points—some of the steepest declines since the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. --- ## Everyday Patience Versus Irrational Trading In everyday life, consumers often exhibit patience by waiting for prices to drop before making purchases: - **Seasonal Sales:** Shoppers wait for discounts to buy clothing. - **Tech Promotions:** Tech enthusiasts delay buying electronics until promotional events. - **Real Estate:** Prospective homebuyers hold off during market slowdowns to secure better deals. This common-sense approach maximizes value and minimizes expenditure.  In contrast, many stock market traders fall prey to irrational behaviors: - **Fear of Missing Out (FOMO):** Investors buy stocks at high prices or the dip, worried they might miss potential gains. - **Herd Mentality:** Individuals mimic the actions of the majority, often buying during market highs and selling during lows. These emotional decisions often lead to poor outcomes, as they contradict the logical approach of waiting for favorable prices. --- ## The Risks of Ignoring Rational Investment Principles Irrational trading practices can result in significant financial losses. By purchasing stocks at inflated prices during market euphoria, investors expose themselves to sharp declines when corrections occur. Unlike unpredictable black swan events, these losses stem from market corrections that follow overvaluation periods. Ignoring fundamental investment principles can, therefore, be more damaging than unforeseen events. --- ## A Balanced Approach to Investing A more balanced approach involves: - **Risk Management Strategies:** Diversify across asset classes to mitigate potential losses. - **Maintaining a Long-Term Perspective:** Adhere to disciplined investment plans to avoid impulsive decisions. - **Understanding Your Risk Tolerance:** Set stop-loss orders and know your limits to protect against downturns. These strategies help investors avoid pitfalls driven by FOMO and herd mentality. --- ## Conclusion While the current market downturn presents challenges, it also serves as a reminder of the importance of rational investment behavior. By drawing parallels from everyday purchasing decisions, investors can appreciate the value of patience and strategic planning. Embracing risk management techniques and resisting psychological pitfalls like FOMO and herd mentality can lead to more resilient and successful investment outcomes.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

This idea has been explored along the last decades. Nothing has never taken the van place in the BMW series. The most successful intent was the 80s' Vixer in the US. Too sporty for a van? Or too luxurious to cover that already saturated market? Collected some pictures all around, most oof them are designs and prototypes. Tried to order chronologically below:                 Now in 2025, this came out of Ai https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7p9CGBmRAA originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/936787

@ fd78c37f:a0ec0833

In this feature, we’re excited to welcome MadMunky, who shares insights on fostering a decentralized community of activists, artists, and musicians, and how Bitcoin and Nostr are empowering unfiltered expression. **YakiHonne**: MadMunky, thank you for joining us! Before we dive into the interview, I’d like to briefly introduce YakiHonne. We’re a decentralized media platform built on the Nostr protocol—a technology designed to champion free speech. YakiHonne empowers creators to own their voices and assets, offering innovative features like smart widgets, verified notes, and support for long-form content. With that in mind, we’d love to hear more about you and your community. **MadMunky**: Thanks for having me! I’m someone who thrives on staying active—dabbling in various projects and traveling whenever I can. These pursuits give me a sense of freedom, or perhaps the illusion of it. I see myself as a craftsman of sorts, woodworker, dj, chef constantly exploring free-market solutions. I firmly believe that activism, paired with a truly free market, can address many of the world’s challenges. That belief gave birth to 2140 Collective about two years ago, a project I co-founded with Anon. Collective that enables our community to create and publish freely. Before this, no platform truly supported our vision without compromise—social media often demanded personal data in exchange for access. We’re a collective of activists, artists, and musicians who simply want to build our own space. Communities like ours are essential for mutual support among like-minded individuals. This is also why I champion Bitcoin. It’s not perfect, but it’s transparent and honest—a pillar of freedom. Bitcoin offers an escape from centralized control, and that’s a powerful force. It’s why we’re here today. **YakiHonne**: What first drew you to Bitcoin, and what inspired you to build a community around it? **MadMunky**: My journey into free tech stemmed from growing frustration with persistent privacy invasions. For me, the erosion of privacy is deeply unsettling. About a year and a half ago, I met Anon, a close friend who introduced me to this space. We started brainstorming ways to empower people like us to carve out our own creative and communal haven. We didn’t want to limit ourselves to an online presence. Our goal was to bring the community into the physical world through exhibitions, gatherings, and eventually a parallel economy. Plans like high-end auctions are on the horizon, and all these initiatives will be showcased on https://2140.wtf . Through art and culture, we aim to drive Bitcoin adoption. Some argue adoption isn’t necessary, but I believe these mediums are powerful gateways to introduce Bitcoin’s message. It’s not just about display—it’s about embedding critical thinking. When people encounter Bitcoin-inspired art or music, the underlying ideas spark curiosity. That shift from passive consumption to active engagement is how adoption grows. **YakiHonne**: How did your community take shape, and how did you attract members? **MadMunky**: It wasn’t easy. We kicked things off after a Bitcoin birthday event in London, connecting with artists and musicians over platforms like Signal. We officially launched around last year’s Bitcoin birthday, creating a space on Telegram and experimenting with platforms like Console—billed as the “Discord of networks.” Back then, Nostr was still nascent, and Console, while promising, felt clunky and failed to draw people in. Building momentum was tough—people are busy, and convincing them to switch platforms is a challenge. It takes dedicated individuals willing to invest time and share knowledge. We tried Twitter early on but found it stifling—its control over speech made it a dead end. Nostr, with its remarkable strides in the past year, became our home. But we’re making progress. In London, we host “Nostrland,” a bi-weekly meetup focused on Nostr, Bitcoin, and freedom tech. It’s growing organically, with new attendees and venues each time. Our crew is behind Bitcoin Culture Festival / London , and contributing in many others across Europe. **YakiHonne:** Beyond the lack of freedom on some platforms, what other hurdles have you faced? **MadMunky:** Free speech has been on my mind a lot lately—it’s a cornerstone of true freedom. Many assume Bitcoin alone is enough, but it’s just one piece of the puzzle. For years, we lacked tools to express ourselves without censorship. Platforms like Twitter and Facebook track everything—our locations, connections, and words. I ditched Facebook years ago when I realized how invasive it was. These systems wield algorithms that can fracture social bonds and control narratives. Now, though, we have solutions. Protocols like Nostr and platforms like YakiHonne let creators speak freely, without gatekeepers. That’s revolutionary. If we don’t address the chaos of our current monetary system, suffering will deepen. Activism—raising awareness and sharing tools like Bitcoin and Nostr—is vital. We’re still early in this movement, but the ability to connect and communicate freely is transformative. After two decades of being trapped, spreading ideas is finally within reach. **YakiHonne:** Free speech is indeed fundamental. What does your community do with Bitcoin? Are you focused on the technical side or more on cultural aspects? **MadMunky**: Our members hail from across Europe, with diverse backgrounds—anyone can join. We blend technical and cultural efforts. For instance, Anon explored LoRa mesh networks, which let us send Nostr messages via radio waves—a concept most people don’t even know exists. These innovations often come from volunteers with bold ideas, woven into protocols. It’s incredible. I’m not a tech fanatic myself, but I see the value in spreading these concepts. It’s not just about discussing Nostr or Bitcoin’s freedom—it’s about understanding the tools we use. Privacy isn’t simple; it’s a journey. Even with a powerful message, if you’re on an iPhone or Android, you’re still tracked. Staying free takes effort. Our community ties technical workshops, art exhibitions, and music together—think Bitcoin-inspired food, culture or tech talks. These pieces form a broader solution to today’s monetary mess. **YakiHonne:** What advice would you offer technically inclined individuals or organizations eager to contribute to Bitcoin’s ecosystem? **MadMunky**: Support is key—not just financial, but active engagement. We don’t have all the answers or know every project, so we invite people to join our events, share ideas, and help organize. Collaboration matters. Many have brilliant concepts but lack time due to life’s demands. Companies with resources can pitch in—offering tools or testing grounds. This Friday, for example, we’re hosting a workshop at Cyphermunk House in London, exploring privacy-focused solutions like Graphene OS. People are waking up to these issues, and interest is surging. It’s about devices, funding, and teamwork—embracing a cyberpunk ethos. If you find a great idea, back it. Open-source tools and protocols are how we reshape the world. **YakiHonne:** How do you envision the Bitcoin community evolving in terms of scalability, privacy, and adaptability? **MadMunky:** In my two years in this space, Bitcoin’s transparency and cyberpunk-like tech have blown me away. Soon, we’ll make payments without networks—Bitcoin as eCash flow is wild. The potential for Bitcoin, Nostr, and tools like YakiHonne is immense. A year ago, these ideas were unimaginable; now, they’re racing forward. Governments will push back—regulating, taxing, targeting centralized platforms—but that’s fine. People are waking up, seeking privacy and freedom. Education is critical; the more who grasp these decentralized tools, the stronger we become. We reject a government-controlled future. Peer-to-peer, freedom, and decentralization—that’s the path. Let’s keep building. **YakiHonne:** Thank you, MadMunky. This has been an enlightening and inspiring conversation. We’re grateful for your insights!

@ e5de992e:4a95ef85

U.S. Financial Market Volatility Amid Trade Tensions and Policy Changes The U.S. financial markets are experiencing significant volatility in response to recent policy decisions and escalating global trade tensions. --- ## Major U.S. Stock Indices - **S&P 500:** The SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) is currently priced at **$505.28**, reflecting a decline of approximately **5.75%** from the previous close. - **Dow Jones Industrial Average:** The SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA) stands at **$383.22**, down about **5.42%**. - **Nasdaq Composite:** The Invesco QQQ Trust Series 1 (QQQ) is at **$422.67**, showing a decrease of **6.09%**. - **Russell 2000:** The iShares Russell 2000 ETF (IWM) is priced at **$181.19**, down **4.41%**. --- ## Advisor Perspectives ### Key Factors Influencing Market Movements - **Implementation of Sweeping Tariffs:** President Donald Trump's administration has imposed a baseline **10% tariff** on all imports, with higher rates targeting specific countries—**34% on Chinese imports** and **20% on goods from the European Union**. - **Global Retaliatory Measures:** In response, China has announced retaliatory tariffs of **34% on U.S. goods**, intensifying fears of a global trade war and its potential impact on economic growth. - **Market Reactions and Investor Sentiment:** The announcement of these tariffs has triggered significant sell-offs. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq recorded their worst drops in years, with the Dow Jones falling over **9%**, as investors react to the economic implications of escalating trade tensions. --- ## Economic Indicators - **Oil Prices:** Crude oil prices have plunged to a four-year low. - **Brent Crude:** Trading at **$63.01 per barrel**. - **West Texas Intermediate:** At **$60.63 per barrel**. - **Treasury Yields:** The yield on the **10-year U.S. Treasury note** has declined to approximately **3.94%**, indicating a shift toward safer assets amid market volatility. --- ## Corporate Highlights - **Tesla Inc. (TSLA):** Current stock price is **$239.43**, down **10.46%** from the previous close. - **Apple Inc. (AAPL):** Stock stands at **$188.38**, reflecting a decrease of **7.27%**. - **Boeing Co. (BA):** Shares are at **$136.59**, down **9.47%**. --- ## Global Market Impact International markets have reacted variably to U.S. policy changes: - **Japan's Nikkei 225:** Dropped nearly **8%** amid concerns over U.S. tariffs affecting automakers like Toyota. - **South Korea's KOSPI and European Markets:** Both have experienced downturns as trade disputes add uncertainty. - **Hong Kong's Hang Seng:** Declined, reflecting broader concerns over trade uncertainties and impacts on Chinese tech stocks. --- ## Outlook The current market environment is marked by heightened volatility and uncertainty: - **Investors** are advised to exercise caution and consider diversification strategies. - **Key developments** such as trade negotiations and policy changes will be crucial in shaping future market dynamics. - Monitoring evolving economic data and geopolitical events remains essential for navigating this complex landscape.

@ 0fa50ac1:13162495

You say, “Bitcoin has no intrinsic value.” But brother, I say to you—nothing does. ❧ Gold, wheat, steel, water, art— none possess value in themselves. A thing is not valuable. A person finds value in a thing. ❧ Value is not a substance. It is not discovered in the dirt, nor stamped into metal. It is born in the mind of the one who chooses, who compares, who prefers. ❧ This is the truth they will not teach you. Because once you know it, you cannot be controlled. ❧ To say value is “intrinsic” is to say it is knowable, measurable, assignable from above. And if it can be known, then it can be fixed. And if it can be fixed, then the planners will fix it. And if the planners fix it, freedom dies. ❧ Only subjective value lets prices breathe. Only subjective value lets the game go on, as tastes shift, as time moves, as each man finds joy in what others overlook. ❧ It is this truth that makes room for artists, for inventors, for those with strange passions and quiet genius. ❧ And Bitcoin— it breaks the frame. It’s not a commodity. It’s not a company. It’s not backed by force. ❧ So they say, “It has no value.” ❧ And we reply, “No—you place no value on it. But others do. And the market has spoken.” ❧ Transparent. Scarce. Borderless. Unstoppable. Valued by those who need it most. Valued by those who understand it best. ❧ It rises not because it was declared valuable, but because someone, somewhere was willing to trade for it. ❧ And so the price rose. And so the signal spread. And so the economy moved, as it always has, not by decree, but by the ever-motivated force of desire. ❧ You don’t have to value Bitcoin. But you do have to accept this: All value exists only and entirely in the mind of the economizing human. You say, “Bitcoin has no intrinsic value.” But brother, I say to you—nothing does. ❧ Gold, wheat, steel, water, art— none possess value in themselves. A thing is not valuable. A person finds value in a thing. ❧ Value is not a substance. It is not discovered in the dirt, nor stamped into metal. It is born in the mind of the one who chooses, who compares, who prefers. ❧ This is the truth they will not teach you. Because once you know it, you cannot be controlled. ❧ To say value is “intrinsic” is to say it is knowable, measurable, assignable from above. And if it can be known, then it can be fixed. And if it can be fixed, then the planners will fix it. And if the planners fix it, freedom dies. ❧ Only subjective value lets prices breathe. Only subjective value lets the game go on, as tastes shift, as time moves, as each man finds joy in what others overlook. ❧ It is this truth that makes room for artists, for inventors, for those with strange passions and quiet genius. ❧ And Bitcoin— it breaks the frame. It’s not a commodity. It’s not a company. It’s not backed by force. ❧ So they say, “It has no value.” ❧ And we reply, “No—you place no value on it. But others do. And the market has spoken.” ❧ Transparent. Scarce. Borderless. Unstoppable. Valued by those who need it most. Valued by those who understand it best. ❧ It rises not because it was declared valuable, but because someone, somewhere was willing to trade for it. ❧ And so the price rose. And so the signal spread. And so the economy moved, as it always has, not by decree, but by the ever-motivated force of desire. ❧ You don’t have to value Bitcoin. But you do have to accept this: All value exists only and entirely in the mind of the economizing human.

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

## Australia Highlights Critical Minerals in Trade Discussions with U.S. ### Summary: In an effort to avoid renegotiation of its subsidized prescription-drug system, Australia is emphasizing its vast reserves of essential minerals like lithium and rare earths during trade talks with the U.S. Treasurer Jim Chalmers underscored that these resources serve as a strategic advantage, proposing the creation of a strategic reserve for these minerals. This move aligns with President Trump's initiatives to secure mineral access and reflects Australia's intent to leverage its mineral wealth in international negotiations. Source: <a href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/trump-tariffs-trade-war-markets-04-05-25/card/australia-keen-to-avoid-fight-on-pharmaceuticals-spotlights-minerals-trove-GQiFLzk610crkT732QdZ" target="_blank">The Wall Street Journal - April 7, 2025</a> ## ASX Braces for Significant Losses Amid Global Tariff Tensions ### Summary: The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) is poised for a substantial downturn, with projections indicating a potential loss of approximately $115 billion. This anticipated decline follows the implementation of new tariffs by U.S. President Donald Trump, ranging from 10% to 50% on foreign imports, which have sparked fears of a global trade war. The Australian dollar has also been affected, dropping below 60 US cents for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysts warn that these developments could have far-reaching implications for the Australian economy, including increased inflation and potential interest rate cuts. Sources: <a href="https://www.news.com.au/finance/markets/australian-markets/billions-set-to-be-wiped-off-when-the-asx-resumes-trading-on-monday/news-story/00ba8406268634567fab64a175f60e70" target="_blank">News.com.au - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/aussie-investors-brace-for-115bn-share-market-slide-as-trump-tariffs-take-their-toll/news-story/43ada048e85b92d451071d906d67699c" target="_blank">The Australian - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-04-07/asx-markets-business-news-live-updates/105144276" target="_blank">ABC News - April 7, 2025</a> ## U.S. Department of Energy Considers Cuts to Clean Energy Projects ### Summary: The U.S. Department of Energy is reviewing potential funding cuts exceeding $1.5 billion for various clean energy projects, including those focused on energy storage and carbon capture. Affected initiatives span multiple states and involve technologies crucial for integrating renewable energy into the power grid and reducing carbon emissions. Industry stakeholders and lawmakers have expressed concern, emphasizing the strategic importance of these technologies for energy resilience and environmental objectives. Source: <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/us-battery-carbon-capture-projects-slated-cuts-doe-list-2025-04-04/" target="_blank">Reuters - April 5, 2025</a> ## Hazardous Materials Incident in South Australia's Mount Lofty Ranges ### Summary: The Country Fire Service (CFS) is responding to an ammonia gas leak at Plummer Road near Lenswood and Lobethal in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Residents are advised to stay clear of the area as firefighters work to contain the leak.​ CFS Sources: <a href="https://www.cfs.sa.gov.au/news-media/media-alerts/hazardous-material-forest-range-6-april-2025/" target="_blank">CFS - April 6, 2025</a> ## Coalition Reverses Work-From-Home Policy Amid Backlash ### Summary: Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has reversed the Coalition's policy to mandate full-time office attendance for public servants, acknowledging it was a "mistake" that fueled concerns about opposition to flexible working arrangements, particularly among women. Initially, the plan required Australian Public Service employees to work from the office five days a week, but after criticism from unions and advocacy groups, Dutton amended the policy to apply only to Canberra-based workers. Further backlash led to a complete withdrawal of the mandate, with Dutton apologizing for the confusion and stating that existing flexible work arrangements would remain intact. Labor leaders criticized the policy's inconsistency and potential economic impact on families. Sources: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/apr/07/dutton-has-changed-his-tune-on-forcing-public-servants-back-into-the-office-again-heres-what-you-need-to-know" target="_blank">The Guardian - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.news.com.au/national/federal-election/federal-election-2025-anthony-albanese-and-peter-dutton-campaign-on-day-10/news-story/933d48845095c4e16108f2bbf2e57c1e" target="_blank">News.com.au - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2025/apr/07/australia-election-2025-live-coalition-labor-federal-peter-dutton-anthony-albanese-job-cuts-redundancies-batteries-solar" target="_blank">The Guardian - April 7, 2025</a> ## Chevron Australia Warns of Investment Risks Due to Policy Uncertainty ### Summary: Chevron Australia Managing Director Mark Hatfield has expressed concerns over increasing policy uncertainty affecting investment confidence in Australia's energy sector. He highlighted recent policy shifts, such as changes to the petroleum resource rent tax and proposed domestic gas reservation mandates, as factors creating instability and deterring future investment. Hatfield emphasized the need for a balanced energy transition that prioritizes reliability, affordability, and environmental goals.​ The Australian Source: <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/departing-chevron-boss-mark-hatfield-rings-investment-reliability-alarm/news-story/f82fe08a14214bbab34ef5e95ad9e1b4" target="_blank">The Australian - April 7, 2025</a> ## Australia Calls for Independent Investigation into Aid Worker Deaths in Gaza ### Summary: Australia has joined international calls for an independent investigation into the deaths of aid workers in Gaza, including a United Nations employee and eight Palestinian Red Crescent Society medics, who were found in a mass grave on March 27. Senator Penny Wong emphasized the need for a thorough inquiry to ensure accountability and adherence to international humanitarian law, which mandates the protection of humanitarian workers. Israel's military has launched an internal investigation, but international actors are urging for an independent probe, especially in light of newly emerged video evidence that contradicts Israel’s official explanation for the killings. Sources: <a href="https://www.news.com.au/national/politics/australia-joins-international-calls-for-inquiry-into-medic-killings-in-gaza/news-story/c617fd174f3d906b546c845593b9ada4" target="_blank">News.com.au - April 7, 2025</a> ## Recall Issued for Popular Fitbit Smartwatches Due to Burn Risk ### Summary: Fitbit has issued a recall for its Sense and Versa 3 smartwatches after discovering that the battery may overheat, posing a risk of burns to users. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has advised consumers to update their devices with the latest firmware to mitigate this risk. Users are encouraged to check their devices and follow the manufacturer's instructions to ensure safety.​ Sources: <a href="https://www.news.com.au/technology/gadgets/wearables/recall-issued-for-popular-fitness-devices-sparked-by-safety-concerns/news-story/55ae4b4a3bbb13811e0ad33472cb2ebf" target="_blank">News.com.au - April 2, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/breaking-news/recall-issued-for-popular-fitness-devices-sparked-by-safety-concerns/news-story/55ae4b4a3bbb13811e0ad33472cb2ebf" target="_blank">The Australian - April 2, 2025</a>​ ## Keir Starmer Declares 'Globalisation is Over' Amid Tariff Disputes ### Summary: UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer has announced the end of globalisation, acknowledging its failure to benefit many voters. This declaration comes in response to significant global economic disruptions caused by new U.S. tariffs imposed by President Trump. Starmer advocates for accelerated supply-side reforms to boost UK growth and plans to introduce pro-growth measures, including easing regulations for electric vehicle manufacturers. He also aims to advance the UK's industrial strategy and pursue trade talks with India and Australia. While opposing tariffs, Starmer recognizes the appeal of Trump's economic nationalism to disaffected voters. Sources: <a href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/keir-starmer-to-admit-globalisation-has-failed-as-tariff-war-rages-s00b6wbcj" target="_blank">The Times - April 7, 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/donald-trump-trade-deal-with-australia-off-until-after-election-as-embassy-waits-for-republican-backlash/news-story/504233278d6a936a9708e3ba022ee1a9" target="_blank">The Australian - April 7, 2025</a> ## Rainbow Lorikeet Tops Australia's Annual Bird Count ### Summary: The rainbow lorikeet has been identified as the most frequently recorded bird in BirdLife Australia's annual Aussie Bird Count, maintaining its top position since the event's inception in 2014. In the 2024 count, over 57,000 participants recorded more than 4.1 million birds, with the noisy miner and Australian magpie following in second and third places, respectively. The count highlights regional diversity in bird populations and provides critical data on environmental trends. Despite concerns about health threats affecting some species, no significant population declines were reported.​ Sources: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/apr/07/rainbow-lorikeet-is-our-most-commonly-spotted-bird-australias-largest-citizen-science-event-finds" target="_blank">The Guardian - April 7, 2025</a>​ ## In episode #463 of the Lex Fridman Podcast, Lex engages with Douglas Murray, a British author and political commentator, to discuss a range of pressing geopolitical topics. ### Key Discussion Points and Insights: - **Russia-Ukraine Conflict**: Murray provides his perspective on Vladimir Putin's motivations and the broader implications of Russia's actions in Ukraine. He delves into the resilience and leadership of President Volodymyr Zelenskyy amidst the ongoing conflict. - **U.S. Political Landscape**: The conversation shifts to former President Donald Trump, examining his influence on both domestic and international politics. Murray offers insights into the polarization within the United States and the potential trajectory of its political future. - **Middle East Dynamics**: An in-depth analysis of Israel's political environment is presented, focusing on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's leadership. The discussion extends to the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with particular attention to the roles of Hamas and the situation in Gaza. Throughout the episode, Murray emphasizes the importance of understanding historical contexts to fully grasp current geopolitical events. He advocates for nuanced perspectives, cautioning against oversimplified narratives that often dominate media discourse. Listeners can gain a comprehensive understanding of these intricate issues, benefiting from Murray's extensive experience and thoughtful analysis. Sources: <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/4XqiNJ4MyPBdDBE3eq1SJK" target="_blank">Lex Fridman Podcast Episode #463</a>

@ e516ecb8:1be0b167

Bitcoin ha recorrido un camino fascinante: de ser un experimento cypherpunk nacido en las sombras de la crisis de 2008 a convertirse en un activo que algunos estados, como El Salvador, consideran parte de sus reservas estratégicas, una especie de "oro digital". Hace apenas 15 años, era un código curioso que valía centavos; hoy, hay países apostando su futuro económico a él. Sin embargo, no hace falta haber leído Hijacking Bitcoin para sospechar que hay nubes en el horizonte. Y no, no hablo solo de la volatilidad, ese eterno fantasma que siempre se menciona. Sí, Bitcoin sube y baja como montaña rusa —en 2021 tocó los 69 mil dólares y luego cayó a 16 mil en 2022—, pero si hacemos un zoom out —como dicen los gringos—, la tendencia a largo plazo es al alza, mientras que las monedas fiduciarias, en palabras de Huerta de Soto, no son más que "papelitos coloreados" que tienden a valer cero. Pero dejemos la poesía de lado y miremos con lupa: ¿qué problemas podrían acechar el futuro de Bitcoin? Aquí van algunos puntos que me dan vueltas en la cabeza. # 1. Bloques vacíos y el dilema del HODL En marzo de 2025, se reportó que casi el 20% de los bloques de la blockchain estaban vacíos o con pocas transacciones. Esto encaja con una teoría: Bitcoin dejó de ser la moneda peer-to-peer que soñó Satoshi Nakamoto para transformarse en un depósito de valor. Hoy, la filosofía dominante es "HODL" (sujetar y no soltar), y figuras como Michael Saylor no esconden que les conviene que la gente pierda sus llaves privadas: menos bitcoins en circulación, mayor escasez, precio más alto. Imagina a Saylor frotándose las manos cada vez que alguien olvida su contraseña. Pero si todos acumulan y nadie gasta, ¿qué pasará con los mineros cuando las transacciones escaseen? Sin ellas, sus ingresos dependen de las recompensas por bloque, que algún día desaparecerán. Claro, ahora existen billeteras con opciones de herencia, pero si la idea es holdear hasta la tumba, ¿para qué acumular? # 2. La red Lightning y el fantasma de los terceros Para revivir la red, hacen falta más transacciones. Pero cuidado: el tamaño de los bloques es limitado a 1 MB (o un poco más con SegWit). Si el volumen crece demasiado —como en 2017, cuando las tarifas llegaron a 50 dólares por transacción—, la red se congestiona y adiós practicidad. ¿Aumentar el tamaño de los bloques? Ni lo menciones, eso sería darle la razón a los de Bitcoin Cash, un pecado mortal para cualquier bitcoinero Core. La solución, entonces, son las segundas capas como la red Lightning, que promete transacciones rápidas y baratas. El problema es que sigue pareciendo un eterno beta: hay fallos técnicos que no termino de entender (y sospecho que no soy el único). Pero lo que sí entiendo es que, al usarla, mucha gente termina dependiendo de terceros. Y si "no son tus llaves, no es tu dinero", esto choca de frente con la filosofía original de Bitcoin. # 3. Computación cuántica: ¿el fin de la inviolabilidad? Pasemos a un terreno más técnico. La computación cuántica podría, en teoría, descifrar las direcciones antiguas de Bitcoin, esas basadas en algoritmos vulnerables como ECDSA. Algunos proponen "quemar" esos bitcoins para proteger la red, pero imagina el golpe a la confianza: ¿qué tan "seguro" es un activo si de pronto desaparecen millones de unidades? Este riesgo no es exclusivo de Bitcoin —afecta a casi todas las criptos—, pero solo un puñado, como QRL o IOTA en sus inicios, usa algoritmos post-cuánticos, y ninguna es mainstream. Un tema que da para pensar. # 4. Filosofía traicionada: del antisistema al lobby estatal Bitcoin nació como un grito contra los bancos, los gobiernos y el sistema monetario tras la crisis de 2008. Entonces, ¿por qué vemos a sus principales voceros viajando por el mundo, haciendo lobby para que estados y gigantes como BlackRock lo adopten como reserva de valor? Podría ser solo una contradicción filosófica menor, pero hay más: si Bitcoin es tan libre y transfronterizo, ¿por qué los aranceles de Trump lograron tumbar su precio un 5% en diciembre pasado? Algo no cuadra en el discurso de la independencia absoluta. # 5. El fin de la minería y la dependencia estatal A largo plazo, cuando se mine el último bitcoin en 2140 (sí, falta mucho), los mineros dependerán exclusivamente de las tarifas por transacción. Pero si el modelo es "sujetar y no soltar", ¿quién pagará esas tarifas? Ya hemos visto momentos en que minar sale más caro que las ganancias —en 2018, muchos apagaron sus máquinas—, y aunque hasta ahora han sido excepciones, el futuro pinta complicado. Si los costos energéticos no bajan, ¿quién mantendrá la red? ¿Empresas dispuestas a perder dinero por un "bien mayor"? Suena a utopía, salvo que hablemos de empresas estatales. Y aquí volvemos al punto inicial: ¿Bitcoin dependiendo de los estados? ¿Pagando impuestos en dinero fiduciario para subsidiar mineros? ¿No era esto lo que queríamos evitar? El oro, una vez extraído, no necesita mineros para seguir existiendo; Bitcoin, por el contrario, sí. # 6. El caso argentino: libertarismo con asterisco Para rematar, esta semana salió la noticia de que el gobierno argentino —sí, el de Milei, abanderado del libertarismo— planea exigir que los residentes declaren sus billeteras de criptoactivos. No niego las reformas positivas de su gestión, como la desregulación económica, pero esto huele a Gran Hermano. ¿Qué tan libertario es un sistema que te vigila mientras predica libertad? Otra contradicción que suma ruido. Después de ganarme el odio de los maximalistas de Bitcoin (esperaré comentarios tipo: "¡este tipo no entiende nada!"), y quizás de algún fan de Milei, quiero aclarar: no estoy en contra de Bitcoin. Lo que me molesta son las inconsistencias. Odio igual a los políticos que dicen una cosa y hacen otra que a los predicadores de un "antisistema" que termina dependiendo del sistema para sobrevivir. Me hace tanto ruido como esos malacatosos que rayan paredes con la "A" de anarquía mientras piden más Estado. Dicho esto, no todo está perdido. Si Bitcoin quiere ser ese oro digital y cumplir su promesa libertaria, tal vez necesite ajustes: algoritmos más robustos contra la computación cuántica y algún método para pasar los bitcoins de direcciones antiguas a nuevas de forma transparente (ni idea si es técnicamente posible), una red Lightning que realmente funcione sin intermediarios, o una comunidad que priorice la utilidad sobre el HODL ciego. En resumen, apoyo a Bitcoin siempre que sus defensores sean coherentes. Si es libertad, que no se arrodille ante nadie. ¿Es mucho pedir?

@ f7d424b5:618c51e8

The promised Nintendo direct has come and there is a LOT to say about it. If you ever wondered how such a reveal would be taken differently by a dad, a NEET, and a people programmer this is the episode for you! Also those SAG bootlickers are getting uppity again. All of that and more! Sources cited: - [Nintendo Online subscribers get to upgrade the zelda games for free for some reason?](https://www.nintendo.com/us/whatsnew/whats-new-with-nintendo-switch-online-on-nintendo-switch-2/) - Do Nintendo games ever actually go on sale? - [Kirby](https://www.dekudeals.com/items/kirby-and-the-forgotten-land) - [Metroid](https://www.dekudeals.com/items/metroid-dread) - [TOTK](https://www.dekudeals.com/items/the-legend-of-zelda-tears-of-the-kingdom) - [Pokeshit](https://www.dekudeals.com/items/pokemon-legends-arceus) - [EOW](https://www.dekudeals.com/items/the-legend-of-zelda-echoes-of-wisdom) - [there's literally 252 games on sale at VGP right now](https://videogamesplus.ca/collections/sales?filter.p.product_type=NINTENDO+SWITCH&page=1&sort_by=best-selling&grid_list=grid-view) - [SAG agreement you can read for yourself](https://www.sagaftra.org/interim-interactive-media-agreement) - [SAG literally says on their website to go audition for non-union roles and then strongarm them into going union if they wanna keep you](https://www.sagaftra.org/union-myth-10) Obligatory: - [Listen to the new episode here!](https://melonmancy.net/listen) - [Discuss this episode on OUR NEW FORUM](https://melonmancy.cafe/d/106-mp104-im-professor-dielan-and-this-is-how-to-be-a-hater-101) - [Get the RSS and Subscribe](https://feeds.rssblue.com/melonmancy-podcast) (this is a new feed URL, but the old one redirects here too!) - Get a modern podcast app to use that RSS feed on at [newpodcastapps.com](http://newpodcastapps.com/) - Or listen to the show on [the forum](https://melonmancy.cafe) using the embedded [Podverse](https://podverse.fm) player! - [Send your complaints here](https://melonmancy.net/contact-us) Reminder that this is a [Value4Value](https://value4value.info/) podcast so any support you can give us via a modern podcasting app is greatly appreciated and we will never bow to corporate sponsors!

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

## **1. Reglas Esenciales** ✔ **Pieza Tocada, Pieza Movida**: Si tocas una pieza, debes moverla (si es legal). ✔ **Aviso de Jaque**: Decir "jaque" al atacar al rey (opcional en torneos oficiales). ✔ **Jaque Mate Termina**: El juego acaba inmediatamente — no hay que capturar al rey. ✔ **Oferta de Tablas**: Puedes ofrecer tablas después de tu movimiento, antes de pulsar el reloj. --- ## **2. Etiqueta en Torneos** - **Saludo**: Apretón de manos antes y después de la partida. - **Silencio**: No hablar durante el juego (excepto "jaque" o "¿tablas?"). - **Reloj**: Presiónalo con la misma mano que movió. - **Rendición**: Voltea tu rey o di "me rindo" (no solo te vayas). > **Errores Comunes** > ❌ Hacer ruido con las piezas para distraer. > ❌ Mirar fijamente el tablero del rival. > ❌ Hacer jugadas falsas para probar su atención. --- ## **3. Modales en Ajedrez Online** - **Sin Retrasos**: Deja que el tiempo se agote solo si estás perdido. - **Cortesía**: Escribe "Buen juego" ("GG") al finalizar. - **Evita el "Berserk"**: No abuses de configuraciones rápidas para presionar al rival. > **Faltas Graves** > ❌ **Trampas**: Usar motores de análisis, mirar otras partidas. > ❌ **Spammear** mensajes o emojis. > ❌ **Abandonar** sin rendirse formalmente. ---

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

| **Pieza** | **Movimiento** | **Reglas Especiales** | | --------- | ---------------------------------- | --------------------------- | | Peón | 1 casilla adelante (o 2 al inicio) | Captura al paso, coronación | | Torre | Líneas rectas | Enroque | | Caballo | En "L" (2+1) | Salta piezas | | Alfil | Diagonales | Atrapado en un color | | Dama | Cualquier dirección | Ninguna | | Rey | 1 casilla en cualquier dirección | Enroque, jaque mate | --- ### **1. Peón** (♙ / ♟️) - **Mueve:** 1 casilla adelante (o 2 en su primer movimiento). - **Captura:** En diagonal (1 casilla). > ***Especial:*** >- **Captura al paso:** Si un peón rival avanza 2 casillas, puedes capturarlo como si hubiera movido 1. > - **Coronación:** Al llegar a la 8ª fila, se convierte en cualquier pieza (¡usualmente Dama!). --- ### **2. Torre** (♖ / ♜) - **Mueve:** Líneas rectas (sin límite de casillas). - **Especial:** Participa en el **enroque**. --- ### **3. Caballo** (♘ / ♞) - **Mueve:** En "L" (2 casillas en una dirección + 1 perpendicular). - **Única pieza que salta sobre otras.** --- ### **4. Alfil** (♗ / ♝) - **Mueve:** Diagonales (sin límite). - **Siempre permanece en el mismo color de casilla.** --- ### **5. Dama** (♕ / ♛) - **Mueve:** Cualquier dirección (recto o diagonal). - **¡La pieza más poderosa!** --- ### **6. Rey** (♔ / ♚) - **Mueve:** 1 casilla en cualquier dirección. > ***Especial:*** > - **Enroque:** Cambia de lugar con una torre (si no hay obstáculos/jaques). > - **Jaque mate:** Pierde si queda atrapado sin escapatoria. --- ## **Cómo mover** 1. **Un movimiento por turno.** 2. **Elige tu pieza y colócala en una casilla legal.** - _Solo tu color: Blancas mueven primero, luego negras, alternando._ - _No pasar: Debes mover si es tu turno._ --- ## **Cómo capturar ("comer")** - **Ocupa la casilla de una pieza rival:** Reemplázala con tu pieza. - _Peones capturan solo en diagonal (no de frente)._ - _Los reyes no pueden ser capturados (el jaque mate termina el juego)._ > ✔ **Jaque:** Ataca al rey enemigo (debe escapar en su siguiente turno). > ❌ **Ilegal:** Mover a jaque o dejar a tu rey en jaque. --- ## **Movimientos especiales** |Movimiento|Regla Clave|Notación| |---|---|---| |Enroque|Rey + torre, sin movimientos previos|`0-0`| |Coronación|Peón→cualquier pieza en 8ª fila|`e8=D`| |Captura al paso|Captura un peón que avanzó 2 casillas|`exd6 a.p.`| --- ### **1. Enroque** ("La escapatoria del rey") - **Qué:** Rey y torre se mueven juntos en un turno. **Cómo:** - Rey mueve 2 casillas hacia una torre. - Torre "salta" al lado opuesto del rey. > **Reglas:** > - Sin jaques: El rey no puede estar en jaque ni pasar por casillas atacadas. > - Sin movimientos previos: Ni el rey ni esa torre deben haberse movido antes. > **Tipos:** > - **Corto (lado del rey, rápido):** `0-0` > - **Largo (lado de la dama, seguro):** `0-0-0` --- ### **2. Coronación** ("Coronar") - **Qué:** Peón llega a la 8ª fila → se convierte en cualquier pieza (usualmente Dama). - **Cómo:** Reemplaza el peón (incluso si ya tienes esa pieza). > Dato curioso: Puedes tener 9 damas (1 original + 8 coronaciones). **Ejemplo:** Peón en h8 se convierte en Dama → `h8=D`. --- ### **3. Captura al paso** (Del francés _"en passant"_) - **Cuándo:** Un peón rival avanza 2 casillas y queda al lado del tuyo. - **Cómo:** Captúralo en diagonal (como si hubiera movido 1 casilla). > Regla: Debes hacerlo inmediatamente (solo en el turno siguiente)

@ 9358c676:9f2912fc

### OBJECTIVE Establish a comprehensive and standardized hospital framework for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of pulmonary embolism (PE), aiming to improve quality of care, optimize resources, and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this condition in the hospital setting. ### SCOPE All hospitalized patients over 15 years of age in our institution. ### RESPONSIBILITIES Institution physicians. Nursing staff. ### REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY - SATI Guidelines for the Management and Treatment of Acute Thromboembolic Disease. Revista Argentina de Terapia Intensiva 2019 - 36 No. 4. - Farreras-Rozman. Internal Medicine. 16th Edition. El Sevier. 2010. - SAC Consensus for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolic Disease. Argentine Journal of Cardiology. October 2024 Vol. 92 Suppl. 6 ISSN 0034-7000 - 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). European Heart Journal (2020) 41, 543-603. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405 ### INTRODUCTION Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a cardiovascular emergency caused by a blood clot, usually originating from the deep veins of the lower limbs, that travels to the lungs and obstructs the pulmonary arteries. This condition represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes. The clinical presentation of PE is highly variable, ranging from mild symptoms to acute cardiovascular shock. Risk factors such as prolonged immobilization, recent surgery, and chronic illnesses complicate its identification and management. PE has an annual incidence of 70 cases per 100,000 people. Prognosis varies from high-risk PE with high mortality to low-risk PE with minimal hemodynamic impact. Without thromboprophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT)—the main predisposing factor (90–95% of cases)—has variable incidence depending on the surgery type, and up to 25% of embolic events occur post-discharge. ### PREDISPOSING FACTORS Strong Risk Factors (OR >10): - Hip or leg fracture - Hip or knee prosthesis - Major general surgery - Major trauma - Spinal cord injury Moderate Risk Factors (OR 2–9): - Arthroscopic knee surgery - Central venous catheters - Chemotherapy - Chronic heart or respiratory failure - Hormonal replacement therapy - Malignancy - Oral contraceptives - Stroke with paralysis - Pregnancy or postpartum - Prior VTE - Thrombophilia Mild Risk Factors (OR <2): - Bed rest <3 days - Prolonged travel - Advanced age - Laparoscopic surgery - Obesity - Antepartum period - Varicose veins ### CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND BASIC COMPLEMENTARY STUDIES **Symptoms:** Dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, bronchospasm, fever. **Signs:** Tachycardia, desaturation, jugular vein distention, orthostatism, DVT signs, syncope, or shock. **Basic Studies:** - Chest X-ray (may show infarction or atelectasis) - ECG (T wave inversion, RV strain, S1Q3T3 pattern) ### RISK ASSESSMENT SCORES **Wells Score:** - >6 points: High probability - 2–6: Moderate - ≤2: Low - Modified: >4 = likely PE, ≤4 = unlikely PE **Geneva Score:** - >10: High - 4–10: Intermediate - 0–3: Low **PERC Rule:** If all criteria are negative and clinical suspicion is low, PE can be excluded without further testing. ### DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES - **D-dimer:** High sensitivity; used in low/moderate risk patients. - **CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA):** First-line imaging; limited in pregnancy/renal failure. - **Lower limb Doppler ultrasound:** Indirect evidence of PE when DVT is detected. - **V/Q scan:** Alternative when CTPA is contraindicated. - **Transthoracic echocardiogram:** Used to assess RV function, especially in shock. - **Pulmonary angiography:** Gold standard; reserved for complex cases due to invasiveness. ### RISK STRATIFICATION **High-risk PE (5%):** Hemodynamic instability, mortality >15%. Requires urgent reperfusion. **Intermediate-risk PE (30–50%):** Hemodynamically stable with signs of RV dysfunction or elevated biomarkers. **Low-risk PE:** Mortality <1%, eligible for outpatient management. **PESI Score:** - I (<65): Very low risk - II (65–85): Low - III (86–105): Intermediate - IV (106–125): High - V (>125): Very high **Simplified PESI:** ≥1 point = high risk; 0 = low risk ### TREATMENT **High-risk PE:** - **Systemic fibrinolysis** with alteplase 100 mg over 2 h or 0.6 mg/kg (max 50 mg) IV bolus over 15 min. - Suspend UFH 30–60 min before lysis if already on treatment. - Resume anticoagulation (UFH or LMWH) when aPTT <2x normal. - Consider surgical embolectomy or catheter-directed therapy if fibrinolysis fails or is contraindicated. - Maintain SpO₂ >90%, CVP 8–12 mmHg, and use vasopressors/inotropes as needed. ECMO in select cases. **Contraindications to Fibrinolytics:** - Absolute: Recent stroke, active bleeding, CNS tumors, recent major trauma or surgery. - Relative: Anticoagulant use, recent TIA, pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension, liver disease. **Intermediate-risk PE:** - Initiate anticoagulation (enoxaparin 1–1.5 mg/kg SC every 12 h, max 100 mg/dose). - Fibrinolysis is not routine; reserve for clinical deterioration. - Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be considered. - Consider IVC filter in absolute contraindication to anticoagulation or recurrence despite treatment. **RIETE Bleeding Risk Score:** - >4 points: High risk - 1–4: Intermediate - 0: Low ### INVASIVE TREATMENT Consider catheter-directed therapy when: - High bleeding risk - Fibrinolysis contraindicated - Delayed symptom onset >14 days Some centers use this as first-line therapy in high-risk PE. ### QUALITY INDICATOR **Indicator:** Proportion of PE cases with documented risk stratification in the medical record at initial evaluation. **Formula:** (PE cases with documented stratification / total PE cases evaluated) × 100 **Target:** >85% of PE cases must have risk stratification recorded at the time of initial evaluation. ### Autor **Kamo Weasel - MD Infectious Diseases - MD Internal Medicine - #DocChain Community** npub1jdvvva54m8nchh3t708pav99qk24x6rkx2sh0e7jthh0l8efzt7q9y7jlj

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

## **Configuración del Tablero** 1. **Lo Básico** Tablero de 8x8 casillas, alternando colores claros/oscuros. > Regla: _Siempre coloca el tablero con una casilla clara en la esquina inferior derecha de cada jugador._ 2. **Coordenadas** - **Columnas (files):** Letras _a_ a _h_ (de izquierda a derecha). - **Filas (ranks):** Números _1_ a _8_ (fila 1 = lado blanco, fila 8 = lado negro). >Notación: Cada casilla es columna + fila (ej. e4, a7). 3. **Colocación de Piezas** **Negras (Parte superior):** - a8: Torre | b8: Caballo | c8: Alfil | d8: Dama e8: Rey | f8: Alfil | g8: Caballo | h8: Torre Fila 7: Todos los peones (a7-h7). **Blancas (Parte inferior):** - a1: Torre | b1: Caballo | c1: Alfil | d1: Dama e1: Rey | f1: Alfil | g1: Caballo | h1: Torre Fila 2: Todos los peones (a2-h2). > Consejo: _Las damas empiezan en su color (blanca en d1, negra en d8)._ --- ## **Jaque mate, ahogado y tablas** El ajedrez es un juego de estrategia donde el objetivo es dar **jaque mate** al rey rival. Pero también puede terminar en **ahogado** o **tablas** bajo ciertas condiciones. 1. **Jaque Mate (Victoria)** - Definición: El rey rival está en jaque (bajo ataque) y no tiene movimientos legales para escapar. - Resultado: Fin del juego — el jugador que da jaque mate gana. 2. **Ahogado (Tablas)** - Definición: El jugador en turno no tiene movimientos legales, pero su rey no está en jaque. - Resultado: Tablas (empate). > Causas comunes: > > - _Un rey solo sin movimientos._ > > - _Estructura de peones que bloquea todas las opciones._ 3. **Otras Situaciones de Tablas** - **Material Insuficiente:** - Solo quedan los reyes. - Rey + alfil vs. rey (no se puede dar jaque mate). - **Triple Repetición:** - La misma posición se repite 3 veces (con el mismo jugador en turno). - **Regla de los 50 Movimientos:** - Sin capturas ni movimientos de peón en 50 jugadas consecutivas. - **Acuerdo Mutuo:** - Ambos jugadores aceptan tablas. *Diferencias clave:* |Término|¿Rey en Jaque?|¿Movimientos Legales?|Resultado| |---|---|---|---| |Jaque mate|Sí|No|Victoria/Derrota| |Ahogado|No|No|Tablas| |Tablas|N/A|N/A|Empate| --- ## **Historia del Ajedrez** 1. **Orígenes (Siglo VI)** - Nacimiento: Norte de India (como **Chaturanga**), con cuatro divisiones militares (predecesoras de peones, caballos, alfiles y torres). - Expansión: Llegó a Persia como **Shatranj** (año 600 d.C.), donde surgieron términos como "jaque" y "jaque mate". > Dato curioso: _"Jaque mate" viene del persa "Shah Mat" ("el rey está atrapado")._ 2. **Europa Medieval (Siglos IX–XV)** - Adaptación: Los árabes llevaron el ajedrez a España (1000 d.C.); los europeos cambiaron las piezas: _Elefantes → Alfiles_ _Visires → Damas_ (¡al inicio solo movían 1 casilla!) - Cambio clave: Hacia 1475, la dama se convirtió en la pieza más poderosa ("Ajedrez de la Dama Loca"), acelerando el juego. 3. **Ajedrez Moderno (1850–Actualidad)** - Estándares: Primer campeonato mundial oficial (1886, Steinitz vs. Zukertort). - Computadoras: **Deep Blue** de IBM venció a Gari Kaspárov en 1997, revolucionando la IA. - Hoy: Plataformas online (Chess.com, Lichess) y series (_Gambito de Dama_) popularizan el juego. ¿Sabías Qué? - La partida teórica más larga posible es de 5,949 movimientos. - La partida real más larga duró 269 movimientos (Nikolić vs. Arsović, 1989). - La apertura más antigua registrada (1.e4) aparece en un manuscrito español de 1490.

@ fe32b72c:14cfcb1e

### Libertarian tariff controversy GM. First long form note, so let's see how this goes. Reading a lot of Libertarians complaining about tariffs on twitter this morning. And I get it — they're a tax on imports, and furthermore, a barrier to free trade. Not exactly something libertarians are fans of, lowercase "l" or doctrinaire capital "L" party members. But there's something I've been pointing out to many. That is: being the issuer of the global reserve currency (which itself relies upon inflation, and thus is *also* a tax) necessarily creates trade deficits. I'm preaching to the choir on this one a bit I expect, but it's a key reason as to why *given* that we have this backdrop, and we can't simply overnight completely change the monetary system, it is not an unreasonable stance for a libertarian leaning person to hold the idea that using tariffs as a way to offset this trade deficit *while* moving away from a fiat currency is actually a sound idea. There are plenty of places for devils to hide in details of course, and by all means, I'm not a Trumpist, but speaking generally, this seems like a sound stance. It's all well and good to have an idea of where you want to go, but if you want to actually get there, charting a course is often harder than picking a destination. ### Now, as for what I think we can expect Tariffs will raise consumer prices. It's not inflation, because it's not about an expansion of the money supply, but it's also true that the cost has to be born by someone. However, tariffs will also decrease imports. Which will reduce dollar outflows into foreign nations, where, thanks to the mechanics of the Eurodollar system, will create a panic. The reality is, dollars outside of the US are *not* something that is created by the Federal Reserve, because foreign banks *can't* hold reserves. Rather, Eurodollar deposits are loaned into existence by private banks, and are generally settled by a variety of creative means, including offsetting liabilities, and sale of assets — most commonly, US Treasury securities. This means they *need* dollars to flow — it's not about getting wealthier, but rather, about covering their debts that they simply have no way to bail out. Reduced dollar outflow is a reduction in supply; as such, the price of the dollar goes up (or at least, goes down slower). That is, there's deflation, or at least disinflation. The end result is, those prices that went up thanks to tariffs start going back down to American consumers. Meanwhile, dollars being more expensive than they were when liabilities were taken on likely leads to recessionary conditions — both domestically and internationally. However, companies importing goods into the US that can onshore their production will seek to do so, which will have an effect of offsetting that recessionary impulse domestically. In effect, "exporting" the recession. ### As for what this means for the national debt The national debt of course has been a sore point given that interest expense has been astronomical, and rolling the debt has been necessary thanks to Yellen's failure to term it out. Foreign parties will of course *want* more treasury assets, as a way to cover their dollar liabilities amid diminished dollar flow, but it doesn't take a doctorate to know that desires and needs are not the same thing as increased aggregate demand. Some may have good enough credit to borrow more dollars from American banks, and thus, buy treasuries, which would of course be good for bringing down interest rates, but I'm not sure I'd bet too much on that horse, especially amid an environment where recession is being exported. There is a fair bit of exposure to US equities abroad that may rotate into American sovereign debt, though the time to do that was probably *before* 10% of the value got evaporated off of that over the past week. There may be increased domestic demand for treasuries, as all of this on-shoring means a lot of running in place, so to speak, by companies pivoting to domestic production, and thus under performance by equities. This is a place I'd be curious about the overall impact on the Treasury market, and am certainly not qualified to weigh in on it. But I'd *love* to see some sober analysis by those who recognize it as worth taking a closer look at. Then there's the Fed, which is almost an afterthought for me, given that they're simply **not** going to do the levels of QE that it would take to actually bring interest rates on long term debt down, but it is worth pointing out that amid the churning deflation there will likely be at least a few rate cuts that come into play. Note, however, that rate cuts only help so much, as they directly affect the immediate end of the curve, with very little impact on the longer end where it's needed, regardless of what Greenspan would have you believe about "series of forward rates." That said, as inflation expectations come down, it may be that longer tenor rates come do down as well, because inflation expectations are an actual driver of rates, rather than Fed Funds policy rates, but that may take longer than the Treasury can wait for. That said, US10Y rates are already down 26 bps in a week, so things do seem to be starting out in the right direction. We'll see if that holds once issuance starts ramping up. ### Where this all leaves us There seem to me to be too many variables to really predict how this all plays out on the treasury market, which is hard enough to predict given that it's the largest asset class in the world. I'm inclined to think Bessent knows what he's doing (and that Trump is at least smart enough to listen to him, if not game it all out himself). What's clear is that he's trying *something* to address the bigger issue rather than simply kick the can down the road, which is more than we can say of policymakers for at least the past half century, and likely longer. With any luck all of this turbulence will drive further adoption by Bitcoin, as foreign nations need to resort to something to get them out of their crushing dollar denominated liabilities. At the end of the day, being free of *both* taxes on imports *and* "invisible" taxes by deflation should be something we can all cheer for. In the meantime, hopefully this article has given a bit of perspective on what developments will be of interest in the bond market as this fourth turning plays out. #Finance #Tariffs #Bitcoin #NationalDebt #Libertarianism #FreeTrade

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

This weekend my pastor was preaching on this passage. Two words stood out when we were reading the passage, “*but Jesus* … .” This made me start searching for other instances of “*but Jesus* …” to see what we could learn. > And a woman who had a hemorrhage for twelve years, and could not be healed by anyone, came up behind Him and touched the fringe of His cloak, and immediately her hemorrhage stopped. And Jesus said, “Who is the one who touched Me?” And while they were all denying it, Peter said, “Master, the people are crowding and pressing in on You.” ***But Jesus*** said, “Someone did touch Me, for I was aware that power had gone out of Me.” (Luke 8:43-46) {emphasis mine} In this passage people were crowding Jesus and fighting to get close to Him or even touch Him and in this dense crowd he asked, “*Who is the one who touched Me*?” Despite many people being pressed up beside Him, they all denied touching Him and Peter basically reprimanded Jesus that this was a ridiculous question because so many people were touching Him. “*But Jesus* …” knew that someone had touched Him and faith and that His power had healed that person. For the sake of the woman, the crowd, and His disciples, He wanted them to know what had happened and bless this woman that had suffered for more than a decade. He didn’t see the situation like everyone else. He saw things they did not see and like all of the best teachers, he asked His students questions to lead them to the truth. Despite the fact that he was on the way to helping Jairus’s dying daughter, Jesus stopped for this moment to bless this suffering woman and to teach the crowd the meaning of faith and the meaning of mercy. How often do we ignore teaching moments or moments of service that could make a difference in a person’s life because we are busy and focused on something else? But Jesus did not miss the opportunity. So often Jesus’s response to things are not like our own. “*For as the heavens are higher than the earth, So are My ways higher than your ways And My thoughts than your thoughts*.” (Isaiah 55:9) > But the news about Him was spreading even farther, and large crowds were gathering to hear Him and to be healed of their sicknesses. ***But Jesus*** Himself would often slip away to the wilderness and pray. (Luke 5:15-16) {emphasis mine} Most of us, if we were bringing crowds through a blog or preaching or conferences would tend to continue working to reach more people, but Jesus took time to slip away from the crowd to pray. He prioritized prayer and fellowship with the Father knowing that ministry without the Father is no ministry at all. Jesus knew that there is more to sharing the Gospel than just drawing a crowd or growing a following. Jesus built the foundation before trying to build the church. > And some men were carrying on a bed a man who was paralyzed; and they were trying to bring him in and to set him down in front of Him. But not finding any way to bring him in because of the crowd, they went up on the roof and let him down through the tiles with his stretcher, into the middle of the crowd, in front of Jesus. Seeing their faith, He said, “Friend, your sins are forgiven you.” The scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, “Who is this man who speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?” ***But Jesus***, aware of their reasonings, answered and said to them, “Why are you reasoning in your hearts? Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins have been forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk’? But, so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins,”—He said to the paralytic—“I say to you, get up, and pick up your stretcher and go home.” (Luke 5:18-24) {emphasis mine} This suffering man was paralyzed. His loving friends were trying to get him help by focusing on his physical needs, but Jesus saw the man’s most important need — his need for salvation. Instead of focusing on the obvious physical needs of the man, He dealt with the more important spiritual needs. He also knew that His critics were judging Him and denying His ability to wipe the man’s sins away. To prove that He could forgive the man’s sins, He also healed the man’s paralysis. After healing the man’s more important spiritual needs, He then healed the more obvious physical needs. I know I catch myself spending lots of time praying for people’s physical needs. I pray asking for people to have healing from sickness and cancer. I pray for jobs and finances. I pray for relationships. I’ve noticed that I spend more time praying for physical needs that are problem today, but don’t matter eternally and not enough praying for salvation and guidance for people. I focus on what I can see, that although urgent, have little to no effect on the eternal well-being of the people. I should be more like Jesus and spend more time on praying for people’s spiritual needs that determine their eternal well-being. > Now when He was in Jerusalem at the Passover, during the feast, many believed in His name, observing His signs which He was doing. ***But Jesus***, on His part, was not entrusting Himself to them, for He knew all men, and because He did not need anyone to testify concerning man, for He Himself knew what was in man. (John 2:23-25) {emphasis mine} When we have people asking for us to share Jesus with them, we jump at the opportunity. We seek the crowds and the following. We seek the influence and prestige, but Jesus did not trust those seeking Him and knew they were looking for blessings without the submission or repentance. I’ve noticed that I will have people asking questions about the Bible and Christianity. They ask me to defend everything in the Bible and what I believe. Because I have studied these things and studied apologetics, I tend to spend a large amount of time debating these topics, but it is frequently obvious from the beginning that these people are not truth seekers. They are people looking to throw “gotcha” questions at Christians in the hope of destroying their faith or making them look bad. I need to get better at asking questions of them and recognizing these situations as not interest and inquisitiveness, but attempts to destroy and not waste time on them. (Of course, sometimes there are watchers/listeners who can be helped by knowing there are answers to these questions.) > When it was evening, the disciples came to Him and said, “This place is desolate and the hour is already late; so send the crowds away, that they may go into the villages and buy food for themselves.” ***But Jesus*** said to them, “They do not need to go away; you give them something to eat!” They said to Him, “We have here only five loaves and two fish.” And He said, “Bring them here to Me.” Ordering the people to sit down on the grass, He took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up toward heaven, He blessed the food, and breaking the loaves He gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the crowds, and they all ate and were satisfied. They picked up what was left over of the broken pieces, twelve full baskets. (Matthew 14:15-20) {emphasis mine} We so often see the glass half empty. We see all of the things we can’t do, but Jesus knows what can be done and we should know that we can do all things in Christ who strengthens us. Instead of focusing on why we can’t, we need to trust God to enable us to do whatever He asks us to do. > Some Pharisees came up to Jesus, testing Him, and began to question Him whether it was lawful for a man to divorce a wife. And He answered and said to them, “What did Moses command you?” They said, “Moses permitted a man to write a certificate of divorce and send her away.” ***But Jesus*** said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment. But from the beginning of creation, God made them male and female. For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother, and the two shall become one flesh; so they are no longer two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate.” (Mark 10:2-8) {emphasis mine} How often do we look for a loophole in God’s word? The Pharisees were looking for an excuse to do what they wanted to do, but Jesus said that He had allowed for their evil ways (for the good of the woman they wanted to divorce) despite His perfect plan which they had rejected. “*Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother or sister who sins against me? Up to seven times?” Jesus answered, “I tell you, not seven times, but seventy-seven times*. (Matthew 18:21-22)” Peter thought he was being generous forgiving someone seven times, but Jesus wanted him to forgive as He had forgiven Peter. (See the Lord’s Prayer “*Forgive us our sins, for we also forgive everyone who sins against us*.” Luke 11:4)** > And they sent their disciples to Him, along with the Herodians, saying, “Teacher, we know that You are truthful and teach the way of God in truth, and defer to no one; for You are not partial to any. Tell us then, what do You think? Is it lawful to give a poll-tax to Caesar, or not?” ***But Jesus*** perceived their malice, and said, “Why are you testing Me, you hypocrites? Show Me the coin used for the poll-tax.” And they brought Him a denarius. And He said to them, “Whose likeness and inscription is this?” They said to Him, “Caesar’s.” Then He said to them, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s; and to God the things that are God’s.” And hearing this, they were amazed, and leaving Him, they went away. (Matthew 22:16-22) {emphasis mine} Instead of directly answering the question that was asked, since it was not asked in good faith, He corrected their hypocrisy and showed them the truth. We are not nearly as wise and observant as Jesus, but we should still try to see what is truly being asked instead of just answering the obvious question. So often there is a need or motive behind the question that needs to be addressed. I’ve found that asking questions of the questioner can both uncover what is behind the question and also lead them to the truth. This method, also known as the Socratic Method, is taught well from a Christian perspective in the book [“Tactics”](https://www.amazon.com/Tactics-10th-Anniversary-Discussing-Convictions/dp/0310101468/ref=sr_1_1?sr=8-1) by Gregory Koukl. > They brought the boy to Him. When he saw Him, immediately the spirit threw him into a convulsion, and falling to the ground, he began rolling around and foaming at the mouth. And He asked his father, “How long has this been happening to him?” And he said, “From childhood. It has often thrown him both into the fire and into the water to destroy him. But if You can do anything, take pity on us and help us!” And Jesus said to him, “ ‘If You can?’ All things are possible to him who believes.” Immediately the boy’s father cried out and said, “I do believe; help my unbelief.” When Jesus saw that a crowd was rapidly gathering, He rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to it, “You deaf and mute spirit, I command you, come out of him and do not enter him again.” After crying out and throwing him into terrible convulsions, it came out; and the boy became so much like a corpse that most of them said, “He is dead!” ***But Jesus*** took him by the hand and raised him; and he got up. (Mark 9:20-27) {emphasis mine} Jesus sees things as they are. He honors belief. I love the boy’s father’s response to Jesus, “*I do believe; help my unbelief*.” I’ve felt like this before. Jesus never gives up and as long as we have Jesus, we should never give up on someone. > As soon as He was approaching, near the descent of the Mount of Olives, the whole crowd of the disciples began to praise God joyfully with a loud voice for all the miracles which they had seen, shouting: > > “Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord;\ > Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!” > > Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Him, “Teacher, rebuke Your disciples.” ***But Jesus*** answered, “I tell you, if these become silent, the stones will cry out!” (Luke 19:31-40) {emphasis mine} The Pharisees saw a threat to their power and prestige, but Jesus saw reality as it was. Jesus saw the fulfillment of scripture and a small glimpse of the glory He deserved. They focused on what they disagreed with and what they didn’t like. Jesus focused on the fact that worship of God cannot be stopped. What do you focus on? > Therefore when Pilate heard this statement, he was even more afraid; and he entered into the Praetorium again and said to Jesus, “Where are You from?” ***But Jesus*** gave him no answer. So Pilate said to Him, “You do not speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You, and I have authority to crucify You?” Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over Me, unless it had been given you from above; for this reason he who delivered Me to you has the greater sin.” (John 19:8-11) {emphasis mine} Most innocent men would be continually speaking the truth of their innocence and trying to convince Pilate to listen, but Jesus had a purpose. He didn’t act like a normal innocent man, nor did He act like a normal guilty man. He was God incarnate living out His perfect plan. He knew Pilate didn’t have authority to kill or free Him, but that everything was going according to His perfect plan. When we are following Jesus, we need to accept that God is in control. Not every hardship needs to be fixed. Sometimes it is part of God’s perfect plan. No one, man or spirit, has the authority to harm a believer unless God allows it and He only allows it if it furthers His perfect plan and is used for good. We need to know God and know His word. We need to listen to His leading through the Spirit, so we respond as Jesus did, “*You would have no authority over Me, unless it had been given you from above*.” This is as true of us today as it was about our savior on that fateful day. God is always in control. > Pilate questioned Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” And He \*answered him, “It is as you say.” The chief priests began to accuse Him harshly. Then Pilate questioned Him again, saying, “Do You not answer? See how many charges they bring against You!” ***But Jesus*** made no further answer; so Pilate was amazed. (Mark 15:2-5) {emphasis mine} How often are people amazed because Jesus does not respond in the way a normal person would. Are there times that we should speak up and defend the word of God? Yes. Are there times that we should, like Jesus, make no further answer? Yes. We must ask God for guidance on the right response for each situation. > While He was still speaking, behold, a crowd came, and the one called Judas, one of the twelve, was preceding them; and he approached Jesus to kiss Him. ***But Jesus*** said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” When those who were around Him saw what was going to happen, they said, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?” And one of them struck the slave of the high priest and cut off his right ear. ***But Jesus*** answered and said, “Stop! No more of this.” And He touched his ear and healed him. (Luke 22:47-51) {emphasis mine} The common response to being mistreated is to mistreat back. We so often try to do to others at least as badly as they have done to us, but Jesus was different. When Judas betrayed Jesus, He mercifully responded, “*Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss*?” When soldiers came to arrest Jesus for crimes He did not commit and one of His disciples struck a man with his sword, Jesus healed this man who had come to do Him harm. Jesus followed His own command to turn the other cheek. He gave love to those who were unloving. He gave mercy to those who showed no mercy. Do you seek revenge or do you seek to understand those who do you wrong and help them? Be loving and merciful just as Jesus is loving and merciful. The best way to be a light for Jesus is to act like Jesus and acting like Jesus requires thinking like Jesus and responding in the most unimaginable ways. Jesus was not like a normal man and neither should we be. Father God, help us to see other people and the world as you see it. Help us to respond as Jesus would. Help us to be different, so we can honor you with our differences. Trust Jesus

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

 Este estudo é bem representativo da divergência geracional que existe em Portugal, sobretudo em quem foi votar nas legislativas de 2024. Nos +65 anos, são 65% esquerda e 37% na direita. Mas entre os 18 e 34 anos, são 30% na esquerda e 64% na direita. A esquerda tem menos da metade. Ainda é muito o reflexo da herança do 25 de Abril, muitas pessoas votam em partidos, pelo que fizeram no passado e não pelo que fazem hoje em dia. A maior discrepância é no PS, com 48% nos +65 anos, para apenas 13% dos mais novos. O Chega está no sentido oposto, 8% para 25%. Nos “pequeninos”, a situação do PCP era previsível, mas o destaque vai para o Livre e o IL, ambos com 1% nos +65 anos, mas têm um crescimento nos mais jovens, com 6% e 11%, respectivamente. O PS, nos últimos anos, virou muito para esquerda, afastando-se do centro, mas agora está numa encruzilhada, ou volta mais para o centro, ou poderá acontecer o mesmo que o PCP, tornar-se num partido insignificante, sobretudo com um público de pessoas idosas, sem prespetivas de futuro. Quem tem +65 anos, quer governos mais de esquerda e os mais novos(18 a 34 anos) preferem um governo de direita. Isto é bem demonstrativo, o porquê dos políticos, de todos quadrantes, apostarem em políticas de aumento de pensões, subsídios, tudo para cativar os mais velhos. Muitas das políticas beneficiam mais os velhos em detrimento dos mais novos, isso provocou uma ruptura geracional, no pensamento político, os jovens demonstram um certo cansaço com as políticas socialistas. E como Portugal é um país com envelhecimento acentuado e o abstencionismo é menor nos mais velhos, quem cativar esta parcela de pessoas, vencerá as eleições. Segundo o INE, existem 2.2 milhões(22%) com +65 anos e 1.8 milhões (18%) entre os 18 e os 34 anos. ## Nível de Instrução Nos níveis de instrução, as diferenças não são profundas mas existem, mas a direita tem um ligeira preferência pelos mais instruídos. A única excepção é o Chega, que é muito mais forte mas pessoas menos instruídas. 

@ 044da344:073a8a0e

Ich kenne das Argument, mit dem man diesen Text zertrümmern kann. Anekdotische Evidenz. Was soll das mit den Einzelfällen, lieber Michael? Überlass doch das Geschichtenerzählen Künstlern oder Märchenonkels und konzentriere dich auf das, was sich beweisen lässt – über repräsentative Befragungen, die entsprechenden Auswertungsverfahren oder, noch besser, in Experimenten. Ich schreibe diesen Text trotzdem. Eine Sozialwissenschaft, die an hieb- und stichfeste Beweise glaubt und sich deshalb auf das beschränkt, was sich erfragen und messen lässt, am besten in großen Bevölkerungsgruppen, eine solche Wissenschaft verliert das Leben aus dem Blick und die Deutungshoheit am Ende tatsächlich an die Romanciers. Bei den Historikern scheint das schon der Fall zu sein, wenn man Christoph Hein glaubt, Jahrgang 1944, der sein Lebensthema DDR gerade noch einmal ganz neu angefasst hat: > Ich glaube, es gibt da noch Widerstand gegen meine Beschreibung. Aber ich meine ohnehin, dass nicht die Historiker für die Geschichtsschreibung zuständig sind, sondern seit 2000 Jahren, seit Homer bis zu Tolstoi und Dostojewski, allein die Romanciers. Die Historiker liefern uns hilfreiche Mittel, Anregungen, aber viel mehr nicht. Denn sie sind nur für die Hinterlassenschaften zuständig. Und die stimmen nicht immer mit der Geschichte überein. Sehr viele politisch wichtige Leute haben schon immer versucht, die Geschichtsschreibung in ihrem Sinne zu verändern. (Berliner Zeitung, 23. März 2025) Mein Thema für den Tresen heute: die revolutionäre Wucht des Quereinsteigers. Ich könnte auch Aufsteiger sagen oder weiter im Synonymwörterbuch blättern, um einen besseren Begriff zu finden für Menschen, die gegen jede Wahrscheinlichkeit und jenseits der üblichen Wege in einem Berufsfeld gelandet und dort genau deshalb dazu berufen sind, alles auf den Prüfstand und dann oft auch auf den Kopf zu stellen. Wenn man sie denn lassen würde. Dazu gleich mehr. Vorher will ich an den Forschungsverbund „Fit for Change“ erinnern – vom Freistaat Bayern in den frühen 2010er Jahren ins Leben gerufen, um der Resilienz von sozialen Systemen nachzuspüren. Im Rückblick wirkt diese Idee fast prophetisch. Wie können sich Schulen und Universitäten, Redaktionen, Gerichte und Behörden auf Gefahren vorbereiten, die noch nicht einmal am Horizont zu erkennen sind? Wie stellen wir sicher, dass diese Systeme auch in einem Ernstfall funktionieren, den noch niemand erlebt hat? Ich habe diesen Verbund als Sprecher geleitet und erinnere mich an eines unserer wichtigsten Ergebnisse: Wir brauchen Querdenker. Vielleicht hieß das im Ergebnisbericht auch anders. Egal. Wichtig ist, dass Einrichtungen leichter zusammenbrechen, wenn alle in die gleiche Richtung denken. Gleiche Herkunft + gleiche Ausbildung + gleicher Erfahrungsschatz = gleiche Ideen im Fall einer Krise. Die Handlungsempfehlung an alle Entscheider, wichtig für steuerfinanzierte Forschung, lag nahe: Stellt Leute ein, die im Moment scheinbar überflüssig sind und vielleicht sogar stören. Sie werden euch helfen, wenn es hart auf hart kommt, weil sie anders denken und deshalb eine andere Lösung sehen. Ich habe gerade [Rolf Kron](https://youtu.be/ZDXQso8MfYM) interviewt, einen Stahlbauschlosser aus dem Ruhrgebiet, der nach Jahren auf Montage über den zweiten Bildungsweg zum Abitur kam und im Abendgymnasium so gute Noten hatte, dass er sich aussuchen konnte, wo und was er studieren will. Physik und Mathematik, dachte er, aber dann brachte ihn eine alte Dame zum Nachdenken. Diese Frau lag in dem Heim, in dem der junge Rolf putzen musste, und sagte zu ihm: Du tust mir gut. Viel besser als all die Menschen in den weißen Kitteln. Versprich mir, dass du einen Heilberuf lernst. In den ersten Vorlesungen in München fiel Rolf Kron, man spürt das noch in unserem Gespräch, aus allen Wolken. Was tun diese Ärzte, woran glauben ihre Professoren und woher nehmen alle zusammen ihre Arroganz? Kron ist Homöopath geworden, Spezialist für Impfschäden und, so sagt er das selbst, ein Heiler von Weltruf. Im Frühjahr 2020 war er sofort Zielscheibe für [Correctiv](https://correctiv.org/faktencheck/2020/04/08/nein-covid-19-ist-anders-als-von-rolf-kron-behauptet-nicht-nur-ein-harmloser-schnupfen/) und ist anschließend systematisch zerstört worden.  Vielleicht war es Zufall, dass ich vorher [Michael Beleites](https://youtu.be/qh4m2Jtq74k) vor der Kamera hatte, einen Biologen, der das Fach nie studiert hat, aber die akademische Zunft auf ganz ähnliche Weise herausfordert wie Rolf Kron – mit einem [Buch so schwer wie ein Ziegelstein](https://www.freie-medienakademie.de/medien-plus/resonanz-aus-dem-osten), das nicht nur Darwin in Bausch und Bogen verwirft, sondern auch alles, was aus dem Kampf ums Dasein für unser Zusammenleben folgt. Die Biologie? Nun ja. Sie hat die Verbannung dieses Herausforderers anderen überlassen. Soll sich doch die Antifa die Hände schmutzig machen. Kein Zufall ist, dass Erstakademiker den Löwenanteil der Fälle stellen, die Heike Egner und Anke Uhlenwinkel für ihr Buch [Wer stört, muss weg](https://www.freie-medienakademie.de/medien-plus/wer-stort-muss-weg) ausgewertet haben. Der Vogelblick auf 60 Biografien zeigt, dass die „Entfernung kritischer Professoren“ vor allem Aufsteiger trifft – Menschen (hier kann ich mich selbst zitieren), „die an das humboldtsche Universitätsideal geglaubt und es aus eigener Kraft auf eine Lehrkanzel geschafft haben, ohne die Protektion eines Milieus, das ganz selbstverständlich immer wieder Minister und Richter, CEOs und eben auch Professoren hervorbringt und dabei ganz nebenbei auch all die kleinen Kniffe, Formeln, Regeln vererbt, die jeder kennen muss, der wirklich dazugehören und so auch dabeibleiben möchte.“ Ganz anders hat @LeiseBumm diesen Gedanken in einem YouTube-Kommentar zum Kron-Gespräch formuliert (von mir leicht redigiert): > Vielleicht ist der Schlüssel zum Widerstand eine Kombi aus Empathiefähigkeit (bemerken, wenn Mitmenschen übel mitgespielt wird) und einer gewissen Übung in Randständigkeit und Diskriminierung. Wer schon als Kind „dazugehört“ hat oder „Rudelführer“ war, findet Hierarchien auch später „normal“. Emphatische Menschen haben ja „damals“ oft spontan (!) jemanden versteckt, bevor noch ihr Hirn oder Angstzentrum „ein G‘schichtl drucken“ konnte. Da sind sie – die Querdenker, die der Forschungsverbund „Fit for Change“ las Schlüssel für das Überleben sozialer Systeme ausgemacht hat. Ich denke an [Ostdeutsche](https://www.freie-medienakademie.de/medien-plus/57), die 1989 alt genug waren, um zu spüren, dass sie im neuen Rudel niemals dazugehören werden. Ich denke an [Marcus Klöckner](https://medienblog.hypotheses.org/6685), der wie Rolf Kron aus einfachsten Verhältnissen kommt und genau deshalb erst als Soziologe die Fragen stellen konnte, denen die Kollegen ausgewichen sind (etwa nach den Bilderbergern), um dann als Journalist seiner Zunft den [Spiegel vorzuhalten](https://medienblog.hypotheses.org/9979). Ich denke an [Bernd Fleischmann](https://apolut.net/im-gespraech-bernd-fleischmann/), einen promovierten Hochfrequenztechniker, der vor Jahren das Klima als Hobby entdeckte und heute [dokumentiert](https://www.klima-wahrheiten.de/), welche Kröten man schlucken muss, um das „CO2-Märchen“ glauben zu können. Und ich denke an [Raymond Unger](https://tube4.apolut.net/w/wsprDYzUvQSEoHtaEZQrht), der sich mit 40 von allen Fesseln befreit hat, um noch einmal ganz neu als Maler anzufangen, und der dann in Berlin feststellte, dass es der Szene überhaupt nicht um das ging, was ihn in die Kunst gelockt hatte. Anekdotische Evidenz, ich weiß. Ungers Bücherberg ist für mich Beweis genug. Mehr dazu in Kürze in einem Video und am Buch-Tresen. [Michael Meyen: Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@Michael_Meyen) [Freie Akademie für Medien & Journalismus](https://www.freie-medienakademie.de/) [Unterstützen](https://www.freie-medienakademie.de/unterstuetzen)

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Istanbul is one of the world’s most mesmerizing cities, where East meets West—literally. Straddling Europe and Asia, it offers a rich blend of cultures, centuries-old architecture, vibrant bazaars, and world-class food. From the Byzantine wonders of the Old City to the buzzing energy of modern neighborhoods, Istanbul is a city of contrasts—and it's unforgettable.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Istanbul** ### **1️⃣ Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya)** - Once a church, then a mosque, then a museum—and now a mosque again - A stunning symbol of **Byzantine architecture** with a vast domed ceiling - Open to all visitors (entry to main floor is free) ### **2️⃣ Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque)** - Famous for its **six minarets** and beautiful **blue Iznik tiles** inside - Still an active mosque—visitors are welcome outside of prayer times - Dress modestly and bring a scarf if you're visiting as a woman  ### **3️⃣ Topkapi Palace** - Former residence of the Ottoman sultans - Visit the **Imperial Harem**, treasury with the **Topkapi Dagger**, and panoramic gardens overlooking the Bosphorus ### **4️⃣ Grand Bazaar & Spice Bazaar 🛍️** - One of the **largest and oldest covered markets** in the world - Shop for **lamps, ceramics, carpets, jewelry, spices, and teas** - Practice your bargaining skills—it’s part of the fun!  ### **5️⃣ Bosphorus Cruise** - Sail between **Europe and Asia** for incredible views of palaces, mosques, and waterfront mansions - Options range from **1-hour quick cruises** to **sunset or dinner cruises** ### **6️⃣ Galata Tower & Karaköy** - Climb the medieval **Galata Tower** for **360° city views** - Explore **Karaköy’s trendy cafés, street art, and boutique shops** nearby  ### **7️⃣ Sultanahmet Square & Hippodrome** - Historic heart of Istanbul—once the center of Byzantine Constantinople - See the **Obelisk of Theodosius**, **Serpent Column**, and **German Fountain**  ## **🍽️ What to Eat in Istanbul** - **Simit** – Turkish sesame bagel, best fresh in the morning - **Kebabs** – From **Adana** to **Iskender**, every type has its own flavor - **Meze platters** – Tasty small plates to share (like hummus, ezme, dolma) - **Balık Ekmek** – Fish sandwich by the Galata Bridge - **Baklava & Turkish delight** – Sweet, flaky, and irresistible - **Turkish tea (çay)** & **strong coffee** – Always served with hospitality ☕  ## **🕌 Local Experiences You Shouldn’t Miss** ✅ Soak in a **historic hammam (Turkish bath)** – like **Cemberlitas or Hurrem Sultan Hammam** ✅ Watch the **Whirling Dervishes** ceremony for a glimpse into Sufi spirituality ✅ Get lost in **Süleymaniye Mosque** – peaceful and less crowded than the Blue Mosque ✅ Explore **Balat & Fener** – colorful, local neighborhoods with rich Jewish and Greek history ✅ Take a ferry to the **Asian side** (Kadıköy or Üsküdar) for a more local vibe and great food  ## **🚇 Getting Around Istanbul** - Use **Istanbulkart** for all public transport: trams, ferries, metro, and buses - **Traffic can be intense**—trams and ferries are your best friend - The city is very **walkable in historical areas**, but hilly in places - Ferries between continents are not just scenic—they’re super efficient too!  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Istanbul** 🕌 **Mosques are free to visit**, but check prayer times and dress respectfully 📸 **Sunset at Galata Bridge or from a rooftop in Karaköy** = magic 🛍️ **Bargaining is expected** in markets, but done with a smile 📅 **Best times to visit:** April–June or September–October for mild weather 🍽️ **Eat like a local** – some of the best food is found in tiny family-run spots ---

@ f839fb67:5c930939

# Relays | Name | Address | Price (Sats/Year) | Status | | - | - | - | - | | stephen's aegis relay | wss://paid.relay.vanderwarker.family | 42069 |   | | stephen's Outbox | wss://relay.vanderwarker.family | Just Me |   | | stephen's Inbox | wss://haven.vanderwarker.family/inbox | WoT |   | | stephen's DMs | wss://haven.vanderwarker.family/chat | WoT |   | | VFam Data Relay | wss://data.relay.vanderwarker.family | 0 |   | | VFam Bots Relay | wss://skeme.vanderwarker.family | Invite |   | | VFGroups (NIP29) | wss://groups.vanderwarker.family | 0 |   | | [TOR] My Phone Relay | ws://naswsosuewqxyf7ov7gr7igc4tq2rbtqoxxirwyhkbuns4lwc3iowwid.onion | 0 | Meh... | --- # My Pubkeys | Name | hex | nprofile | | - | - | - | | Main | f839fb6714598a7233d09dbd42af82cc9781d0faa57474f1841af90b5c930939 | nostr:nprofile1qqs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3us9mapfx | | Vanity (Backup) | 82f21be67353c0d68438003fe6e56a35e2a57c49e0899b368b5ca7aa8dde7c23 | nostr:nprofile1qqsg9usmuee48sxkssuqq0lxu44rtc4903y7pzvmx694efa23h08cgcpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3ussel49x | | VFStore | 6416f1e658ba00d42107b05ad9bf485c7e46698217e0c19f0dc2e125de3af0d0 | nostr:nprofile1qqsxg9h3uevt5qx5yyrmqkkehay9cljxdxpp0cxpnuxu9cf9mca0p5qpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usaa8plu | | NostrSMS | 9be1b8315248eeb20f9d9ab2717d1750e4f27489eab1fa531d679dadd34c2f8d | nostr:nprofile1qqsfhcdcx9fy3m4jp7we4vn305t4pe8jwjy74v062vwk08dd6dxzlrgpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3us595d45 | # Bots ### Unlocks Bot **Hex:** *2e941ad17144e0a04d1b8c21c4a0dbc3fbcbb9d08ae622b5f9c85341fac7c2d0* **nprofile:** *nostr:nprofile1qqsza9q669c5fc9qf5dccgwy5rdu877th8gg4e3zkhuus56pltru95qpramhxue69uhhx6m9d4jjuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3ust4kvak* **Latest Data:** nostr:naddr1qq882mnvda3kkttrda6kuar9wgq37amnwvaz7tmnddjk6efwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyqhfgxk3w9zwpgzdrwxzr39qm0plhjae6z9wvg44l8y9xs06clpdqqcyqqq823cgnl9u5 ### Step Counter **Hex:** *9223d2faeb95853b4d224a184c69e1df16648d35067a88cdf947c631b57e3de7* **nprofile:** *nostr:nprofile1qqsfyg7jlt4etpfmf53y5xzvd8sa79ny356sv75gehu50333k4lrmecpramhxue69uhhx6m9d4jjuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3ustswp3w* **Latest Data:** nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpy3r6tawh9v98dxjyjscf357rhckvjxn2pn63rxlj37xxx6hu008qys8wumn8ghj7umtv4kk2tnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqp3ehgets943k7atww3jhyn39gff ### RCTGuest **Hex:** *373904615c781e46bf5bf87b4126c8a568a05393b1b840b1a2a3234d20affa0c* **nprofile:** *nostr:nprofile1qqsrwwgyv9w8s8jxhadls76pymy2269q2wfmrwzqkx32xg6dyzhl5rqpramhxue69uhhx6m9d4jjuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usy92jlx* --- # "Personal Nostr Things" > [D] = Saves darkmode preferences over nostr > [A] = Auth over nostr > [B] = Beta (software) > [z] = zap enabled - [[DABz] Main Site](https://vanderwarker.family) - [[DAB] Contact Site](https://stephen.vanderwarker.family) - [[DAB] PGP Site](https://pgp.vanderwarker.family) - [[DAB] VFCA Site](https://ca.vanderwarker.family) --- # Other Services (Hosted code) * [Blossom](https://blossom.vanderwarker.family)   * [NostrCheck](https://nostr.vanderwarker.family)   --- # Emojis Packs * Minecraft - <code>nostr:naddr1qqy566twv43hyctxwsq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82nsd0k5wp</code> * AIM - <code>nostr:naddr1qqxxz6tdv4kk7arfvdhkuucpramhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuanpdejx2unhv9exketj9enxzmtfd3usyg8c88akw9ze3fer85yah4p2lqkvj7qap749w360rpq6ly94eycf8ypsgqqqw48qe0j2yk</code> * Blobs - <code>nostr:naddr1qqz5ymr0vfesz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqa2wek4ukj</code> * FavEmojis - <code>nostr:naddr1qqy5vctkg4kk76nfwvq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82nsf7sdwt</code> * Modern Family - <code>nostr:naddr1qqx56mmyv4exugzxv9kkjmreqy0hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jq3qlqulkec5tx98yv7snk759tuzejtcr5865468fuvyrtuskhynpyusxpqqqp65ujlj36n</code> * nostriches (Amethyst collection) - <code>nostr:naddr1qq9xummnw3exjcmgv4esz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqa2w2sqg6w</code> * Pepe - <code>nostr:naddr1qqz9qetsv5q37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82ns85f6x7</code> * Minecraft Font - <code>nostr:naddr1qq8y66twv43hyctxwssyvmmwwsq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82nsmzftgr</code> * Archer Font - <code>nostr:naddr1qq95zunrdpjhygzxdah8gqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0ypzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqvzqqqr4fclkyxsh</code> * SMB Font - <code>nostr:naddr1qqv4xatsv4ezqntpwf5k7gzzwfhhg6r9wfejq3n0de6qz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqa2w0wqpuk</code> --- # Git Over Nostr * NostrSMS - <code>nostr:naddr1qqyxummnw3e8xmtnqy0hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jqfrwaehxw309amk7apwwfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqyj8wumn8ghj7urpd9jzuun9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqaueqp0epk</code> * nip51backup - <code>nostr:naddr1qq9ku6tsx5ckyctrdd6hqqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yqjxamnwvaz7tmhda6zuun9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jqfywaehxw309acxz6ty9eex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yq3gamnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwv3sk6atn9e5k7qgdwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkcq3qlqulkec5tx98yv7snk759tuzejtcr5865468fuvyrtuskhynpyusxpqqqpmej4gtqs6</code> * bukkitstr - <code>nostr:naddr1qqykyattdd5hgum5wgq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gpydmhxue69uhhwmm59eex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yqjgamnwvaz7tmsv95kgtnjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dspzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqvzqqqrhnyf6g0n2</code> --- # Market Places Please use [Nostr Market](https://market.nostr.com) or somthing simular, to view. * VFStore - <code>nostr:naddr1qqjx2v34xe3kxvpn95cnqven956rwvpc95unscn9943kxet98q6nxde58p3ryqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0yqjvamnwvaz7tmgv9mx2m3wweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7f0da6hgcn00qqjgamnwvaz7tmsv95kgtnjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gpydmhxue69uhhwmm59eex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0ypzqeqk78n93wsq6sss0vz6mxl5shr7ge5cy9lqcx0smshpyh0r4uxsqvzqqqr4gvlfm7gu</code> --- # Badges ## Created * paidrelayvf - <code>nostr:naddr1qq9hqctfv3ex2mrp09mxvqglwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8vctwv3jhyampwf4k2u3wvesk66tv0ypzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqvzqqqr48y85v3u3</code> * iPow - <code>nostr:naddr1qqzxj5r02uq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82wgg02u0r</code> * codmaster - <code>nostr:naddr1qqykxmmyd4shxar9wgq37amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwweskuer9wfmkzuntv4ezuenpd45kc7gzyrurn7m8z3vc5u3n6zwm6s40stxf0qwsl2jhga83ssd0jz6ujvynjqcyqqq82wgk3gm4g</code> * iMine - <code>nostr:naddr1qqzkjntfdejsz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgs0sw0mvu29nznjx0gfm02z47pve9up6ra22ar57xzp47gttjfsjwgrqsqqqafed5s4x5</code> --- # Clients I Use * Amethyst - <code>nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3cx5urqv3nxymngdphqgsyvrp9u6p0mfur9dfdru3d853tx9mdjuhkphxuxgfwmryja7zsvhqrqsqqql8kavfpw3</code> * noStrudel - <code>nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3cxccrvd34xser2dpkqy28wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hsygpxdq27pjfppharynrvhg6h8v2taeya5ssf49zkl9yyu5gxe4qg55psgqqq0nmq5mza9n</code> * nostrsms - <code>nostr:naddr1qq9rzdejxcunxde4xymqz8mhwden5te0wfjkccte9emxzmnyv4e8wctjddjhytnxv9kkjmreqgsfhcdcx9fy3m4jp7we4vn305t4pe8jwjy74v062vwk08dd6dxzlrgrqsqqql8kjn33qm</code> --- # Lists * Fediverse - <code>nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xqpzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqp9rx2erfwejhyum9j4g0xh</code> * AI - <code>nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xypzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqqfq5j65twn7</code> * Asterisk Shenanigans - <code>nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xypzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqz3qhxar9wf5hx6eq2d5x2mnpde5kwctwwvaxjuzz</code> * Minecraft Videos - <code>nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4xypzp7peldn3gkv2wgeap8dag2hc9nyhs8g04ft5wnccgxhepdwfxzfeqys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnkv9hxgetjwashy6m9wghxvctdd9k8jtcqzpxkjmn9vdexzen5yptxjer9daesqrd8jk</code>

@ f3328521:a00ee32a

*Notes from the Inaugural Muslim Bitcoin Summit Nostr Workshop.* 04.06.25 Dallas, TX # What is Nostr? > “Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays” ~ fiatjaf Nostr is an open protocol that is a censorship-resistant, global "social" network. It doesn't rely on any trusted central server (has resilient decentralization), and is based on cryptographic keys and signatures (so it is tamperproof). The initial description of the idea can be found at https://fiatjaf.com/nostr.html. ## Digital Sovereignty > “The first step towards establishing any type of Digital Sovereignty is to consider migration away from infrastructure and networks that are saturated with malevolent surveillance… there must be a simple recognition that anything sustainable from an Islamic perspective cannot be built on the platforms of Meta, Google or Amazon.” ~ [Ibn Maghreb](https://theiqrafiles.com/notes-on-digital-sovereignty/) Palestine has become the litmus test for censorship in social media: - X (formerly Twitter) - [Musk openly supports Zionism](https://english.almayadeen.net/articles/opinion/how-elon-musk-became-zionist--from-free-speech-absolutist-to) - Meta (FB, IG, WhatsApp) - [Project Lavender](https://blog.paulbiggar.com/meta-and-lavender/) - Google (YouTube) - [Project Nimbus](https://www.thenation.com/article/activism/google-firings-gaza-project-nimbus/) - Microsoft (LI) - [BDS “No Azure for Apartheid” campaign](https://www.bdsmovement.net/microsoft) These are just a few examples of the barrier for a muslim narrative in fiat social media. To build unstoppable resistance we must move away from the platform and address the issue at the protocol level. ## Nostr Protocol Explained 1. **Relays:** Backend servers that store and broadcast data. Anyone can run one. Currently over 1k relays across over 50 countries. 
 2. **Clients:** 

Platforms built for graphical user interface with Nostr. Anyone can build these and most are interoperable. 
 3. **Key Cryptography:** User public and private keys.  *Simple video explaination: [Nostr in less than 10 minutes!](https://youtu.be/Q6f6bdKWqF8)* ### Nostr's Key Features: - No Ownership - No CEO, board of directors, foundation, etc. - No Ads, No Big Data Collection - Users are not a product. - No Algorithms - Less drama, less depressing content. - Uncensorability - Not your keys, not your posts. - SEO - clean ```dofollow``` links for “Google Juice”. - Zaps! - BTC/Lightning integration. > “This is really really important in the age of AI where in a few years you are not going to know the difference between something that is real and something that is fake. We need technologies that you can actually sign and you have the authenticity to do so, and only you, to do that.” ~ [Jack Dorsey](https://youtu.be/0YDj1QdL2Zs) ## Getting Started On Nostr

 ### Nostr 101: **[A Beginners Guide To Nostr](https://mslmdvlpmnt.com/a-beginners-guide-to-nostr-2025/)** **Top Recommended Client:** [Yakihonne](https://yakihonne.com/) *Other popular options: (web) [Nostrudel](https://nostrudel.ninja/) (iOS) [Damus](https://damus.io/) (Android) [Amethyst](https://www.amethyst.social/)* **Top Recommended Wallet:** [Coinos](https://coinos.io/) *Other popular options: [Primal Wallet](https://primal.net/home) [AlbyHub](https://albyhub.com/) [Zeus](https://zeusln.com/)
(pending NWC integration)* ### Highlights From The Nostr Ecosystem: Other Clients: [Olas](https://olas.app/) (photos) [Habla](https://habla.news/) (blogging) [Zap.Stream](https://zap.stream/) (video) Chat: [0xchat](https://0xchat.com/#/) [KeyChat](https://www.keychat.io/) [Flotilla](https://flotilla.social/) Shopping: [Plebeian Market](https://plebeian.market/) [Shopstr](https://shopstr.store/) Podcasting 2.0: [Fountain](https://fountain.fm/) [Wavlake](https://wavlake.com/) Workspace Tools: [Listr](https://listr.lol/) [Formstr](https://formstr.app/#/dashboard) [Docstr](https://docstr.app/) [Nostr.Build](https://nostr.build/) Signers: [Nos2X](https://nostrapps.com/nos2x) [Nsec.app](https://nsec.app/) ## Footnote [Find Muslims on Nostr](https://listr.lol/npub175nul9cvufswwsnpy99lvyhg7ad9nkccxhkhusznxfkr7e0zxthql9g6w0/30000/naddr1qq4xc6tnw3ez6efkxcun2cfkxqknzc348ykngcfnxvknsepsxukkxd33vc6x2vejv9jkgdqpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0qgs02f70juxwyc88gfsjzjlkzt50wkjemvvrtmt7gpfnymplvh3r9msrqsqqqafsqfgqku) | [#staySAIF](https://saif.systems/articles/spiritual-opsec-guide)

@ ec9bd746:df11a9d0

## 🌍 Time Window: 🕘 **When**: Every even week on Sunday at 9:00 PM CET 🗺️ **Where**: https://cornychat.com/eurocorn **Start:** 21:00 CET (Prague, UTC+1) **End:** approx. 02:00 CET (Prague, UTC+1, next day) **Duration:** usually 5+ hours. | Region | Local Time Window | Convenience Level | |-----------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------| | **Europe (CET, Prague)** 🇨🇿🇩🇪 | **21:00–02:00 CET** | ✅ Very Good; evening & night | | **East Coast North America (EST)** 🇺🇸🇨🇦 | **15:00–20:00 EST** | ✅ Very Good; afternoon & early evening | | **West Coast North America (PST)** 🇺🇸🇨🇦 | **12:00–17:00 PST** | ✅ Very Good; midday & afternoon | | **Central America (CST)** 🇲🇽🇨🇷🇬🇹 | **14:00–19:00 CST** | ✅ Very Good; afternoon & evening | | **South America West (Peru/Colombia PET/COT)** 🇵🇪🇨🇴 | **15:00–20:00 PET/COT** | ✅ Very Good; afternoon & evening | | **South America East (Brazil/Argentina/Chile, BRT/ART/CLST)** 🇧🇷🇦🇷🇨🇱 | **17:00–22:00 BRT/ART/CLST** | ✅ Very Good; early evening | | **United Kingdom/Ireland (GMT)** 🇬🇧🇮🇪 | **20:00–01:00 GMT** | ✅ Very Good; evening hours (midnight convenient) | | **Eastern Europe (EET)** 🇷🇴🇬🇷🇺🇦 | **22:00–03:00 EET** | ✅ Good; late evening & early night (slightly late) | | **Africa (South Africa, SAST)** 🇿🇦 | **22:00–03:00 SAST** | ✅ Good; late evening & overnight (late-night common) | | **New Zealand (NZDT)** 🇳🇿 | **09:00–14:00 NZDT (next day)** | ✅ Good; weekday morning & afternoon | | **Australia (AEDT, Sydney)** 🇦🇺 | **07:00–12:00 AEDT (next day)** | ✅ Good; weekday morning to noon | | **East Africa (Kenya, EAT)** 🇰🇪 | **23:00–04:00 EAT** | ⚠️ Slightly late (night hours; late night common) | | **Russia (Moscow, MSK)** 🇷🇺 | **23:00–04:00 MSK** | ⚠️ Slightly late (join at start is fine, very late night) | | **Middle East (UAE, GST)** 🇦🇪🇴🇲 | **00:00–05:00 GST (next day)** | ⚠️ Late night start (midnight & early morning, but shorter attendance plausible)| | **Japan/Korea (JST/KST)** 🇯🇵🇰🇷 | **05:00–10:00 JST/KST (next day)** | ⚠️ Early; convenient joining from ~07:00 onwards possible | | **China (Beijing, CST)** 🇨🇳 | **04:00–09:00 CST (next day)** | ❌ Challenging; very early morning start (better ~07:00 onwards) | | **India (IST)** 🇮🇳 | **01:30–06:30 IST (next day)** | ❌ Very challenging; overnight timing typically difficult| ---

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

*** **Autor:** **[Nicolas Lindt.](https://www.zeitpunkt.ch/die-langeweile-des-friedens)** *Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem **[Pareto-Client](https://pareto.space/read)** geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden **[hier.](https://pareto.space/read?category=friedenstaube)*** *** Während die Kriegstreiber in Europa gegen Russland zum Angriff blasen, mit einem «letzten Sommer in Frieden» drohen, Bodentruppen mobilisieren und das Vermögen der Völker in todbringende Waffen  umsetzen wollen - während also Europa aus zwei Weltkriegen nichts gelernt hat und einen dritten entzünden will, erinnere ich mich an ein Gespräch, das ich vor etlichen Jahren mit meinem jüngeren Sohn geführt habe. Auf einer Wanderung zur Scheidegg – ein Aussichtspunkt oberhalb unseres Dorfes – fragte mich Alexis, ob ich an die Möglichkeit eines Dritten Weltkrieges glaube. Seit einiger Zeit schon hatte er sich Gedanken zum Krieg gemacht, weil er inzwischen aus dem Schulunterricht wusste, dass Krieg nicht dasselbe ist wie der Krieg, den ihm seine Playstation zeigte. Das Thema ließ Alexis nicht los, und auch mich ließ er damit nicht los. Immer wieder musste ich ihm vom Zweiten Weltkrieg erzählen, von Hitler und Stalin, von der Judenverfolgung, vom Eroberungsfeldzug der Wehrmacht und von den Alliierten, als sie an der Küste der Normandie landeten. Während wir in den Wald abbogen und dem Wanderweg folgten, fragte mein Sohn, wer denn schlimmer gewesen sei, die Nationalsozialisten oder die Kommunisten? Und als er auf eine Pyramide gefällter Baumstämme kletterte, erklärte ich ihm, warum die Amerikaner gemeinsame Sache mit Stalin machten, obwohl doch auch Stalin viele Millionen umbringen liess. Ich versuchte ihm begreiflich zu machen, warum der Feind meines Feindes im Kriegsfall mein Freund ist. Wir traten auf eine Wiese hinaus, die Sonne stach durch die Wolken hervor, und ich legte meinem Sohn dar, dass Stalin zur Befreiung Europas von Hitlerdeutschland massgeblich beitrug. Ich erzählte ihm, wie die Deutschen nach der Niederlage bei Stalingrad vom Kriegsglück verlassen wurden, und Alexis hörte mir gebannt zu. Er schwieg einen Augenblick. Über der Lichtung lag eine große Ruhe. Nur ein paar Vögel zwitscherten. Wir waren ganz allein. «Heisst Stalingrad wirklich so?» fragte mein Sohn in die Stille hinein. Er merkte gar nicht, wo wir uns gerade befanden. Der Frieden, der uns umgab, hatte für ihn keine Bedeutung. Ohne unser Gespräch hätte er sich gelangweilt. Es ist das Vorrecht der Jugend, dass sie sich langweilen darf. Ich verstand meinen Sohn. Viel mehr als unsere Wanderung interessierte ihn der Fortgang des Krieges. «Stalingrad heisst wieder Wolgograd», beantwortete ich seine Frage. «Aber schau doch lieber, wie schön es hier ist!» Alexis fand es auch schön. Er gönnte mir eine kurze Gefechtspause, doch schon nach der nächsten Biegung befanden wir uns wieder mitten im Kampfgebiet. Der Geschützdonner der Kriegsjahre 39-45 begleitete uns während des ganzen restlichen Aufstiegs. Alexis fragte, ich gab ihm Antwort. Ich liebte es, ihm zu antworten, denn der Weltkrieg fesselt auch mich, und als ich ein Kind war, habe ich meinem Vater dieselben Fragen gestellt. Der Krieg, so schrecklich er ist, übt eine seltsame Anziehung aus. Die Menschen im Westen sind von ihm fasziniert. Sie sehnen sich insgeheim nach dem Krieg, weil sie wie Teenager sind. Sie wünschen sich, ohne sich dessen bewusst zu sein, den Ausnahmezustand herbei, weil der Frieden sie langweilt. Weil sie nicht wissen, was Krieg wirklich ist. Noch bevor Deutschland kapitulierte, erreichten wir unser Ziel. Von der Scheidegg blickten wir hinab auf den See und das weite Land. Ich bestaunte das Panorama der Alpen, so wie ich es schon hunderte Male bewundert hatte. Ich werde es immer bestaunen. Es langweilt mich nie. «Du hast mir noch keine Antwort gegeben», erinnerte mich Alexis. «Glaubst du, es gibt irgendwann einen Dritten Weltkrieg?» «Ich hoffe es nicht», entgegnete ich, «ich hoffe, die Menschen vergessen nie, dass der Friede schöner ist als der Krieg.» Mit einer ausschweifenden Geste über den Kranz der Berge, der uns umgab, zeigte ich meinem Sohn, was ich meinte. Ich zeigte ihm die Schönheit des Friedens.  *Dieser Artikel erschien zuerst als Kolumne im Schweizer* ***[Zeitpunkt-Magazin.](https://www.zeitpunkt.ch/die-langeweile-des-friedens)*** *** *Nicolas Lindt (\*1954) war Musikjournalist, Tagesschau-Reporter und Gerichtskolumnist, bevor er in seinen Büchern wahre Geschichten zu erzählen begann. In seinem zweiten Beruf gestaltet er freie Trauungen, Taufen und Abdankungen. Der Autor lebt mit seiner Familie in Wald und in Segnas. Hier finden Sie die* ***[Bücher](https://www.exlibris.ch/de/suche/?qs=Nicolas%20Lindt)*** *von Nicolas Lindt. Der Fünf Minuten-Podcast «Mitten im Leben» von Nicolas Lindt ist zu finden auf Spotify, iTunes und Audible, letzte Folge* ***[hier.](https://terra-nova-podcast-1.podigee.io/27-die-einsamkeit-des-schriftstellers#t=1)*** ***Neuestes Buch:*** *«Orwells Einsamkeit - sein Leben, ‚1984‘ und mein Weg zu einem persönlichen Denken». Erhältlich im Buchhandel - zum Beispiel bei [Ex Libris](https://www.exlibris.ch/de/buecher-buch/deutschsprachige-buecher/nicolas-lindt/orwells-einsamkeit/id/9783758342561/?srsltid=AfmBOoqEFJWFsnacUaCEWWTxzL-qnVO6cvqHc8FvIno_SpDZ42zasQmm) oder [Orell Füssli](https://www.orellfuessli.ch/shop/home/artikeldetails/A1073365208?ProvID=10917751\&gad_source=1\&gbraid=0AAAAADpVXc6fbYzpLMiQ1L1NDN25Z-K7_\&gclid=CjwKCAjwyfe4BhAWEiwAkIL8sBVh5kUOJToqpPi-5ByDkwKJYXCe_PNlQPbzkZQ1Cjw1dluamSkRhxoCeWMQAvD_BwE)* *Alle weiteren Informationen: [www.nicolaslindt.ch](http://www.nicolaslindt.ch/)* *** **LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!** ***[Hier](https://pareto.space/u/friedenstaube@pareto.space)*** *können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt. (Vorerst an alle, da wir den Mailversand testen, später ca. drei Mails pro Woche.).* Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen: * Für **50 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube. * Für **120 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Für **500 CHF/EURO** werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Ab **1000 CHF** werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie). **Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):**  **Für Einzahlungen in Euro:** Milosz Matuschek IBAN DE 53710520500000814137 BYLADEM1TST Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg **Betreff: Friedenstaube** Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: <milosz@pareto.space> *** **Sie sind noch nicht auf** [Nostr](https://nostr.com/) **and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil!** Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf [Start.](https://start.njump.me/) Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im [Pareto-Wiki.](https://wiki.pareto.space/de/home)

@ 33599f27:e776711c

<p>Last year we had a new dilemma. Our old TV died, and we had to get a new one. In a way, with the new digital conversion to take place this year, this was good. But a new TV was not the dilemma, the dilemma was a new entertainment center. In the past, a new TV did not mean that you had to change the large pieces of furniture in your house, but with the new style flat TV, this time it was necessary.</p><p><br></p><p>Now, I love our new TV, and so do all the men in the house who have to carry it. Our old 27” TV must have weighed around 200 lbs., but our new and larger TV weighs less than 50 lbs, so change is good. But the TV would not fit into our entertainment center, so shopping for a new one and finding the perfect one for our family room was our quest.</p><p><br></p><p>When it comes to entertainment centers, people have different requirements. The main requirement of my old entertainment center was one that could completely shut away the television. But that was when we lived in our old house and we only had a living room. With a separate family room now, that was not such an important feature.&nbsp;The main feature I was interested in this time was one that saved space. Our old entertainment center was very deep to close away the TV and took up a lot of floor space.&nbsp;We definitely did not need this anymore, so I was happy for the extra room. Our family room is narrow, so I only wanted something to hold the TV and the extra components.</p><p><br></p><p>Shopping for entertainment centers was fun, and the variety was larger than I expected. The new style TV has spawned a new style of entertainment centers, and old styles are available also. The main styles available included:</p><p>Entertainment wall units, these are the style that take up an entire wall and often include cupboards and shelves, which are great for books or display.</p><p>Entertainment armoires, which is the style I previously owned. You can close off the TV with doors.</p><p>TV lift cabinets, a style of entertainment centers that I was not familiar with, but very cool! These are only for the new TV designs. The back 9 or 10 inches of the cabinet top opens and the TV lifts up from down below. Since the TV takes up so little room, the cupboards below are fully functional for storage.</p><p>Corner entertainment centers.</p><p>Last buy not least, basic TV stands. TV stand styles have changed drastically with flat panel televisions, and they are often very modern and chic. Most have plenty of room for components on shelves underneath, and many offer matching shelving or audio towers.</p><p><br></p><p>For our needs, the two best style of entertainment centers were the basic TV stand and the TV lift cabinet. Some of the lift cabinets were very nice, they looked like fine pieces of furniture and were offered in many styles. If our TV was in the living room, I would definitely go for this option. But we settled for a basic pine TV stand. It is the perfect size, does not take up any excess room, and has enough shelves underneath for components. It is also only about half the width of our previous entertainment center, so the room now seems bigger. Yes, we are very happy with our new entertainment center and TV, plus, it is nice not to worry about getting a digital conversion box!</p>

@ 9391ad71:c393890d

<p>Live entertainment spans all age groups and includes activities such as:</p><p><br></p><h3>Music Concerts: From rock bands to classical orchestras, live music is a universal form of entertainment.</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>Live TV Shows: Reality shows, talent competitions, and talk shows.</h3><p>Theater: Plays and musicals performed live on stage. Public entertainment has seen significant growth, especially in urban areas. Street performers, or "buskers," are a common sight in major cities. They include:</p><p><br></p><h3>Mimes: Performers who use gestures and expressions to tell a story.</h3><p>Peruvian Flute Bands: Musical groups that play traditional Andean music. Corporate Entertainment</p><p>Corporate entertainment is tailored for business events, private parties, and award ceremonies. It often involves:</p><p><br></p><h3>Professional Event Planners: Experts who organize large-scale events.</h3><p>Product Launches: Events designed to introduce new products to the market. Interesting Stats: Global Entertainment Market: The global entertainment and media market is expected to reach $2.6 trillion by 2023 (Source: PwC).</p><p><br></p><p>Streaming Services: As of 2021, Netflix had over 209 million subscribers worldwide (Source: Statista).</p><p>Live Music Revenue: The live music industry generated $28.56 billion in revenue in 2019 (Source: Statista).</p><p><br></p><p>Entertainment is a vital part of human life, offering a wide range of activities to suit different tastes and preferences. From child-friendly shows to adult concerts and public performances, the world of entertainment is diverse and ever-evolving. Understanding these various forms can help you appreciate the richness and complexity of this industry.</p>

@ 000290e1:b4909c87

<p>Back in 2014, Jeremy Rubin, a sophomore at MIT studying computer science and electrical engineering, had a bold idea: give every undergraduate student $100 worth of bitcoin.</p><p>Seven months later, armed with $500,000 in donations from alumni and crypto enthusiasts, Rubin made it happen. A total of 3,108 students took him up on the offer — at a time when bitcoin was trading at around $336.</p><p>Had everyone held onto their bitcoin, the collective value of the “MIT Airdrop” would have reached approximately <strong>$44.1 million</strong> at today’s prices. But not everyone HODLed.</p><p>According to researchers including Christian Catalini — now co-creator of the Diem stablecoin project once initiated by Facebook — about 1 in 10 students cashed out within two weeks. By the time the experiment ended in 2017, 1 in 4 had sold their crypto. After that, the team stopped tracking the cohort’s transactions.</p><p>Some students spent their bitcoin in more... flavorful ways.</p><p>Van Phu, now a software engineer and co-founder of crypto brokerage Floating Point Group, regrets blowing his bitcoin on sushi.</p><p> “One of the worst and best things at MIT was this restaurant called Thelonious Monkfish,” said Phu. “I spent a lot of my crypto buying sushi.”</p><p>He wasn’t alone.</p><p> Quantitative trader Sam Trabucco, also part of the experiment, estimated that half the students he knew spent their bitcoin at the same restaurant — the only place in Cambridge accepting bitcoin at the time. The spot has since rebranded and stopped accepting crypto.</p><h3><br></h3><h3>The Birth of the Experiment</h3><p>Rubin got the idea for the bitcoin giveaway in the middle of a legal battle with the New Jersey attorney general, who had accused him of being a “hardcore cybercriminal.” The claim stemmed from Rubin’s creation of <strong>Tidbit</strong>, a bitcoin mining program that had recently won an innovation award at a hackathon.</p><p>Though the case was eventually dropped and Rubin cleared, the experience highlighted how little even his MIT peers knew about bitcoin.</p><p> “I thought, ‘This is MIT — everyone’s supposed to be super cutting-edge.’ But bitcoin just wasn’t widely understood,” Rubin recalled.</p><p>Determined to change that, Rubin partnered with Dan Elitzer, then an MBA student at MIT Sloan. In October 2014, they launched the experiment. Students had to complete a short series of questionnaires and review educational materials before claiming their $100 in bitcoin.</p><p>And with that, the great MIT Bitcoin Experiment was born — part tech education, part economic study, and part sushi-fueled cautionary tale.</p>

@ 1ce06f8d:998c791e

<p>Don't miss the MIT Bitcoin Expo 2025 this weekend! Organized by the MIT Bitcoin Club, it is a technology and freedom focused Bitcoin conference. The MIT Bitcoin Club—a passionate coalition of students, alumni, researchers, and community members—presents the 12th annual MIT Bitcoin Expo (April 5–6, 2025), a landmark event exploring how Bitcoin and freedom technologies empower individuals worldwide. With just 5 days remaining, this student-led initiative continues its decade-long tradition of bridging academia, activism, and technical innovation.</p><p><br></p><p>Born from MIT’s 2014 Bitcoin Project—which distributed Bitcointo undergraduates to study adoption—the expo has evolved into a critical forum for sovereignty-focused dialogue. This year’s agenda of freedom tech focuses on physical liberation through technology.&nbsp;</p><p>Speakers like Zimbabwean activist Evan Mawarire (#ThisFlag movement leader) and Lightning Network creator Tadge Dryja will dissect Bitcoin’s role in resisting authoritarian control and enabling real-world escape from oppression. This is not about the cryptoeconomics, nor about the meme coins. This is about life, liberty, and Bitcoin.</p><p><br></p><p>What to Expect</p><p>Day 1: Dive into freedom tech fundamentals with Mawarire’s keynote “Why Freedom Tech Matters” and Dryja’s analysis of Bitcoin’s resilience against nation-states. Corporate adoption takes center stage with Marathon Digital’s Paul Giordano and Bitcoin Core developers like Gloria Zhao. Get more technical in the afternoon with topics such as consensus cleanup, poisoning attacks, censorship resistance, Bitcoin Pipes, etc.</p><p>Day 2: Shift to global impact with Mauricio Bartolomeo (exfiltration via Bitcoin) and panels featuring activists from Venezuela, Russia, and Togo. Technical deep dives include MIT’s Neha Narula on scaling self-custody and Steven Roose’s covenant softfork proposals. Other topics include future of freedom tech, quantum resistance, covenant soft fork, Tor project, etc.</p><p><br></p><p>Beyond Theory: The Freedom Tech Hackathon</p><p><br></p><p>Running parallel (April 4–6), this $10,000-prize event challenges developers to build tools for privacy, censorship resistance, and financial sovereignty14. Past projects have secured funding from industry leaders—proof of MIT’s “Mind and Hand” ethos in action4.</p><p>Additionally, Anna Chekhovich from the HRF will run a workshop on Bitcoin self-custody 101.</p><p><br></p><p>Why Attend?</p><p>This event prioritizes substance over spectacle. Tickets remain accessible, speakers present pro bono, and discussions tackle pressing questions:</p><p><br></p><p>– How can Bitcoin enable physical escape from authoritarian regimes?</p><p>– What technical upgrades strengthen its anti-censorship properties?</p><p>– Can corporations adopt Bitcoin without compromising its ethos?</p><p><br></p><p>With 40+ speakers and 500+ expected attendees, the expo offers unparalleled networking with developers, activists, and academics shaping Bitcoin’s future.</p>

@ 0d0d1b1f:2b9ae87f

<p>Augmented reality morphs the real world and projects it virtually through system-based information. Apart from that, it adds to the experience of the real world. Augmented reality makes the real world more appealing through visuals, 3D images, and videos. It allows a person to eliminate movement while experiencing whatever they want to.</p><p><br></p><p>This technology is among the few advanced technologies that are used in many applications. There are many AR-based apps available for smartphones. It improves the real-world experience through computer-generated information. AR technology helps customers experience the outside world while sitting in their homes. Although there are many AR technology-based devices, you can experience this technology on your smartphone. Some apps like **Snapchat** use this technology to attract more users to their platform.</p><p><br></p><p>## Concept of Augmented Reality</p><p><br></p><p>Augmented reality enhances real-life things through computer-generated technology using its interactive features for a better user experience. If you want to experience AR technology, you can access it through your smartphone. However, there are many devices that are specifically based on AR technology, such as smart glasses.</p><p><br></p><p>It is one of the most widely used technologies in the world that does not require heavy devices for access. AR technology has a broad range of uses in many different sectors. Some mobile apps, especially in the gaming field like **Pokémon Go**, use this technology to make the app more interesting and appealing.</p><p><br></p><p>## Uses of AR Technology</p><p><br></p><p>Augmented Reality technology has a wide range of uses in different industries. For example, the medical sector, gaming sector, armed forces, etc. Below are a few of the uses:</p><p><br></p><p>### Gaming Sector</p><p><br></p><p>AR technology has a major contribution to the gaming world. Be it gaming apps or gaming devices, you can see AR technology everywhere in the gaming sector. There are many popular mobile gaming apps like **Zombie Run** that make these games more engaging through AR technology. AR devices like headgear help users build a virtual scenario in their real world.</p><p><br></p><p>### Mobile Apps</p><p><br></p><p>Many smartphone apps like **Snapchat** use this technology to create a better impact on users. Some beauty and fashion apps also use this technology to provide a virtual trial of their products before buying. The **Nykaa** app offers a virtual mirror to try available cosmetics on the user’s face using Augmented Reality.</p><p><br></p><p>### Health Care Sector</p><p><br></p><p>Augmented reality has a major contribution to the health care sector. It helps in training medical students about complex surgeries and medical conditions through AR technology. It also helps surgeons and doctors to look deep into the medical condition of a person and treat them accordingly.</p><p><br></p><p>### Helps in Designing and Demonstrating</p><p><br></p><p>Many companies create a virtual design of their product using AR technology during the creative process. It also helps architects and building constructors to pre-design buildings and present them to investors and buyers.</p><p><br></p><p>### Helping Armed Forces</p><p><br></p><p>Armed forces use AR technology to locate areas for protection, position soldiers, make strategies for attacks, and more. Army soldiers can also see each other’s positions for deploying more troops. It also helps them get real-time information about a situation to make better strategies.</p><p><br></p><p>## Difference Between AR and VR Technology</p><p><br></p><p>Many people consider both technologies as one, but they are different from each other. Here are some key differences:</p><p><br></p><p>- **AR technology** uses a real-world setting, while **VR technology** constructs a virtual world to enhance the user experience.</p><p>- Users of **AR technology** have control over their real world.</p><p>- **VR users** are fully immersed and controlled by the technology's inbuilt systems.</p><p><br></p>

@ ac0191a7:554f5121

<p>Please don’t tell anyone at CNBC about this blog. It is my underground attempt to poke fun at bizarre, money-related news. When you get right down to it, every story, no matter how wild, is usually about the money.</p><p>This blog will prowl for the most outrageous evidence of that. Plus, I’m looking for quotes from overly-handled-by-PR-people CEOs, badly written press releases, the “good marketing ideas gone bad,” people with too much money but not enough ideas, and just plain stupid stuff with a business angle.</p><p><br></p><p>We start with Britney Spears. The newly sober, young mother/divorcee has reportedly frittered away more than half her estimated $32 million fortune, according to “OK!” Magazine. OK! Now you know what I read while you’re reading the Wall Street Journal. Forbes has her wealth pegged in the neighborhood of $100 million, so she may have more cushion than we think.</p><p>In any case, rather than have another baby (oops, I did it again), or return to rehab (oops…again), or shave her head (oops…), Spears may have to actually think about recording another album. Justin Timberlake and Timbaland have offered to help, though her ex-boyfriend/mouseketeer says, “She’s just gotta be serious.”</p><p>Research That Companies Actually Pay For</p><p>Nielsen Media Research reports that while the average American has access to 104.2 channels (you read that right, we average an extra fifth of a channel), we only watch on average 15.73 of those channels (I personally block out the leftover .27 of VH1). This is actually not very heartening when one works for … one of those … channels … like, well. Me.</p><p>But my favorite bit of research comes from the University of Florida, which has miraculously discovered that women who get breast enlargement surgery have better self-esteem and feel sexier. REALLY? Why do you think they had the surgery in the first place?? Did they think the two million American women with implants just wanted to fit into larger clothes? Compensate for big hips?</p><p>I can’t wait for university funds (i.e., student tuition mixed with taxpayer-funded grants and suspicious big pharma money) to be spent on a study showing that Viagra does the same thing for men!&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>The tagline for the Gator report: bigger is better. The study queried patients’ self esteem using “widely accepted” scientific scales of measurement, including one called the Female Sexual Function Index, which almost sounds like a stock market metric -- “Rick Santelli joins us from the CBOT where the inflation news has really boosted the Female Sexual Function Index.”&nbsp;</p><p>Badly Written Press Releases</p><p>Finally, my favorite inscrutable press release so far this month comes from L-3 Communications. Here are the first two paragraphs of an honest-to-goodness release to the media that I think, THINK, says the company is being paid to provide software that lets a bunch of people fighting a war communicate with each other:</p><p><br></p><p>NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 15, 2007--L-3 Communications (NYSE: LLL) announced today that its SYColeman subsidiary has been awarded an Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (ID/IQ) contract from the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC) to develop an advanced intelligent software technology for Future U.S. Army warfighting elements in a network-centric environment. The value of this science and technology development contract is potentially $43 million over 5 years.</p><p><br></p><p>To provide “space to foxhole” information sharing, SYColeman will engineer solutions for Vertical/horizontal Integration of Space Technologies and Applications (VISTA) intelligent software technology. VISTA will demonstrate the capability to distribute integrated space products and services in a seamless network capability, supporting all levels of Army Battle Command. This initiative will address corps and theater needs as well as the specific needs of individual tactical commanders at Brigade and below.</p><p><br></p><p>Ok, got it. So you’re using Microsoft VISTA to fight a war, right? And I’m not sure what an “integrated space product” is. Other than that, it’s perfectly clear.</p>

@ 3da0796e:77813801

<p>fff</p>

@ 2a56000c:9525a85b

<p>hbhvjhvj</p>

@ ae3a8d46:12e00667

<p>afafasf</p>

@ df450f8b:b940c7c7

<p>ss</p>

@ e516ecb8:1be0b167

En el vasto universo de "Dune", Frank Herbert nos presenta un mundo donde el poder, la religión y la economía se entrelazan de manera fascinante. A primera vista, uno podría pensar que esta saga épica no tiene mucho que ofrecer a los libertarios. Sin embargo, al examinarla a través de la lente de la Escuela Austriaca y el anarcocapitalismo, emergen lecciones valiosas sobre la naturaleza del poder, la importancia del libre mercado y los peligros del intervencionismo estatal. **El Estado y el control de los recursos** En "Dune", el Estado, representado por el Imperio Corrino, ejerce un control férreo sobre el recurso más valioso del universo: la especia melange. Este monopolio estatal sofoca la innovación y el libre intercambio, creando una economía distorsionada y propensa a la corrupción. La lucha por el control de Arrakis, el único planeta donde se produce la especia, es un claro ejemplo de cómo el intervencionismo estatal genera conflictos y guerras. **El mesianismo y el peligro del liderazgo carismático** La figura de Paul Atreides, el mesías Muad'Dib, nos advierte sobre los peligros del liderazgo carismático y el culto a la personalidad. Su ascenso al poder, impulsado por la manipulación religiosa y el miedo, desemboca en una guerra santa que se extiende por el universo, cobrando millones de vidas. Esta tragedia nos recuerda que el poder, incluso cuando se ejerce con las mejores intenciones, tiende a corromper y a generar consecuencias imprevistas. **El libre mercado y la innovación** A pesar del control estatal, en "Dune" también encontramos ejemplos de libre mercado e innovación. Los fremen, habitantes del desierto de Arrakis, han desarrollado una cultura basada en la autosuficiencia y el ingenio, adaptándose a un entorno hostil y creando tecnologías únicas. Su capacidad para sobrevivir y prosperar en un mundo sin Estado es un testimonio del poder del libre mercado y la iniciativa individual. **Lecciones para el anarcocapitalismo** "Dune" nos ofrece valiosas lecciones para el anarcocapitalismo. Nos recuerda que el Estado, incluso en sus formas más benignas, tiende a sofocar la libertad y la prosperidad. Nos advierte sobre los peligros del liderazgo carismático y la importancia de la descentralización del poder. Y nos muestra que el libre mercado y la innovación son esenciales para la supervivencia y el progreso de la humanidad. En un mundo donde el Estado y el poder centralizado siguen siendo la norma, "Dune" nos invita a imaginar un futuro donde la libertad y la cooperación voluntaria sean los pilares de la sociedad. Un futuro donde, como los fremen en el desierto, podamos construir un mundo mejor sin necesidad de amos ni señores.

@ dbc27e2e:b1dd0b0b

Dose: ``` 30g coffee (Fine-medium grind size) 500mL soft or bottled water (97°C / 206.6°F) ``` Instructions: 1. Rinse out your filter paper with hot water to remove the papery taste. This will also preheat the brewer. 2. Add your grounds carefully to the center of the V60 and then create a well in the middle of the grounds. 3. For the bloom, start to gently pour 60mL of water, making sure that all the coffee is wet in this initial phase. 4. As soon as you’ve added your water, grab your V60 and begin to swirl in a circular motion. This will ensure the water and coffee are evenly mixed. Let this rest and bloom for up to 45 seconds. 5. Pour the rest of the water in in 2 phases. You want to try and get 60% of your total water in, within 30 seconds. 6. Pour until you reach 300mL total with a time at 1:15. Here you want to pour with a little agitation, but not so much that you have an uneven extraction. 7. Once you hit 60% of your total brew weight, start to pour a little slower and more gently, keeping your V60 cone topped up. Aim to have 100% of your brew weight in within the next 30 seconds. 8. Once you get to 500mL, with a spoon give the V60 a small stir in one direction, and then again in the other direction. This will release any grounds stuck to the side of the paper. 9. Allow the V60 to drain some more, and then give it one final swirl. This will help keep the bed flat towards the end of the brew, giving you the most even possible extraction.

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

# Markdown: Syntax * [Overview](#overview) * [Philosophy](#philosophy) * [Inline HTML](#html) * [Automatic Escaping for Special Characters](#autoescape) * [Block Elements](#block) * [Paragraphs and Line Breaks](#p) * [Headers](#header) * [Blockquotes](#blockquote) * [Lists](#list) * [Code Blocks](#precode) * [Horizontal Rules](#hr) * [Span Elements](#span) * [Links](#link) * [Emphasis](#em) * [Code](#code) * [Images](#img) * [Miscellaneous](#misc) * [Backslash Escapes](#backslash) * [Automatic Links](#autolink) **Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL](/projects/markdown/syntax.text). ---- ## Overview ### Philosophy Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible. Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters -- including [Setext](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html), [atx](http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/), [Textile](http://textism.com/tools/textile/), [reStructuredText](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html), [Grutatext](http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html), and [EtText](http://ettext.taint.org/doc/) -- the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email. ## Block Elements ### Paragraphs and Line Breaks A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be indented with spaces or tabs. The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break character in a paragraph into a `<br />` tag. When you *do* want to insert a `<br />` break tag using Markdown, you end a line with two or more spaces, then type return. ### Headers Markdown supports two styles of headers, [Setext] [1] and [atx] [2]. Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes determines the header level.) ### Blockquotes Markdown uses email-style `>` characters for blockquoting. If you're familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard wrap the text and put a `>` before every line: > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, > consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. > Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. > > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse > id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the `>` before the first line of a hard-wrapped paragraph: > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by adding additional levels of `>`: > This is the first level of quoting. > > > This is nested blockquote. > > Back to the first level. Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists, and code blocks: > ## This is a header. > > 1. This is the first list item. > 2. This is the second list item. > > Here's some example code: > > return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script"); Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase Quote Level from the Text menu. ### Lists Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists. Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably -- as list markers: * Red * Green * Blue is equivalent to: + Red + Green + Blue and: - Red - Green - Blue Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods: 1. Bird 2. McHale 3. Parish It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML Markdown produces from the above list is: If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this: 1. Bird 1. McHale 1. Parish or even: 3. Bird 1. McHale 8. Parish you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to, you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to. To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces or one tab: 1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. 2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy: * This is a list item with two paragraphs. This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. * Another item in the same list. To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>` delimiters need to be indented: * A list item with a blockquote: > This is a blockquote > inside a list item. To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be indented *twice* -- 8 spaces or two tabs: * A list item with a code block: <code goes here> ### Code Blocks Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block in both `<pre>` and `<code>` tags. To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. This is a normal paragraph: This is a code block. Here is an example of AppleScript: tell application "Foo" beep end tell A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented (or the end of the article). Within a code block, ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` and `>`) are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this: <div class="footer"> &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation </div> Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g., asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax. ``` tell application "Foo" beep end tell ``` ## Span Elements ### Links Markdown supports two style of links: *inline* and *reference*. In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets]. To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses, put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an *optional* title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example: This is [an example](http://example.com/) inline link. [This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute. ### Emphasis Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an HTML `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML `<strong>` tag. E.g., this input: *single asterisks* _single underscores_ **double asterisks** __double underscores__ ### Code To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`` ` ``). Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a normal paragraph. For example: Use the `printf()` function.

@ 70058751:101d4bb2

Artificial intelligence is transforming healthcare in numerous ways, from diagnostic algorithms to personalized treatment plans...

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

# Markdown: Syntax * [Overview](#overview) * [Philosophy](#philosophy) * [Inline HTML](#html) * [Automatic Escaping for Special Characters](#autoescape) * [Block Elements](#block) * [Paragraphs and Line Breaks](#p) * [Headers](#header) * [Blockquotes](#blockquote) * [Lists](#list) * [Code Blocks](#precode) * [Horizontal Rules](#hr) * [Span Elements](#span) * [Links](#link) * [Emphasis](#em) * [Code](#code) * [Images](#img) * [Miscellaneous](#misc) * [Backslash Escapes](#backslash) * [Automatic Links](#autolink) **Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL](/projects/markdown/syntax.text). ---- ## Overview ### Philosophy Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible. Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters -- including [Setext](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html), [atx](http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/), [Textile](http://textism.com/tools/textile/), [reStructuredText](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html), [Grutatext](http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html), and [EtText](http://ettext.taint.org/doc/) -- the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email. ## Block Elements ### Paragraphs and Line Breaks A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be indented with spaces or tabs. The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break character in a paragraph into a `<br />` tag. When you *do* want to insert a `<br />` break tag using Markdown, you end a line with two or more spaces, then type return. ### Headers Markdown supports two styles of headers, [Setext] [1] and [atx] [2]. Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes determines the header level.) ### Blockquotes Markdown uses email-style `>` characters for blockquoting. If you're familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard wrap the text and put a `>` before every line: > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, > consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. > Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. > > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse > id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the `>` before the first line of a hard-wrapped paragraph: > This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. > Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by adding additional levels of `>`: > This is the first level of quoting. > > > This is nested blockquote. > > Back to the first level. Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists, and code blocks: > ## This is a header. > > 1. This is the first list item. > 2. This is the second list item. > > Here's some example code: > > return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script"); Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase Quote Level from the Text menu. ### Lists Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists. Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably -- as list markers: * Red * Green * Blue is equivalent to: + Red + Green + Blue and: - Red - Green - Blue Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods: 1. Bird 2. McHale 3. Parish It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML Markdown produces from the above list is: If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this: 1. Bird 1. McHale 1. Parish or even: 3. Bird 1. McHale 8. Parish you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to, you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to. To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to: * Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. * Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces or one tab: 1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. 2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing. It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy: * This is a list item with two paragraphs. This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. * Another item in the same list. To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>` delimiters need to be indented: * A list item with a blockquote: > This is a blockquote > inside a list item. To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be indented *twice* -- 8 spaces or two tabs: * A list item with a code block: <code goes here> ### Code Blocks Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block in both `<pre>` and `<code>` tags. To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. This is a normal paragraph: This is a code block. Here is an example of AppleScript: tell application "Foo" beep end tell A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented (or the end of the article). Within a code block, ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` and `>`) are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this: <div class="footer"> &copy; 2004 Foo Corporation </div> Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g., asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax. ``` tell application "Foo" beep end tell ``` ## Span Elements ### Links Markdown supports two style of links: *inline* and *reference*. In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets]. To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses, put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an *optional* title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example: This is [an example](http://example.com/) inline link. [This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute. ### Emphasis Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an HTML `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML `<strong>` tag. E.g., this input: *single asterisks* _single underscores_ **double asterisks** __double underscores__ ### Code To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`` ` ``). Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a normal paragraph. For example: Use the `printf()` function.

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## Unlocking Learning Potential: How Math Model Transform Learning #### **Introduction**: In mathematics education, fostering a learning environment that encourages a variety of problem-solving strategies and emphasizes the structural foundations of mathematical concepts is crucial for student success. One key instructional element is using mathematical models to help students bridge their informal understandings with formal, symbolic mathematical reasoning. Encouraging students to use models, particularly iconic representations, is vital in developing conceptual and procedural knowledge. This research overview explores how modeling enhances student learning by progressing from intuitive representations to more formalized mathematical reasoning, focusing on the importance of iconic models in building a deeper understanding of mathematics.  <div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/1034298245?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="DMTI Practice 2 -Strategies and Models"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script> [FREE DOWNLOAD - Questions and Prompts](https://dmti-public-resources.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/DMT%20Questions%20and%20Prompts%20-%20Eng.pdf) #### **Theoretical Foundations** Taking students' ideas seriously is grounded in constructivist learning theory and research on how students develop mathematical understanding. Hiebert and Carpenter (1992) argue that "if children possessed internal networks constructed both in and out of school and if they recognized the connections between them, their understanding and performance in both settings would improve." This highlights the importance of connecting students' informal knowledge with formal mathematical concepts. Carpenter's work further emphasizes the value of students' intuitive knowledge: "Children come to school with a great deal of informal or intuitive knowledge of mathematics that can serve as the basis for developing much of the formal mathematics of the primary school curriculum." This suggests that taking students' initial ideas seriously can provide a strong foundation for developing a more sophisticated mathematical understanding. #### **The Role of Models in Mathematical Thinking** Modeling is a powerful tool for nurturing mathematical thinking because it helps students move from concrete experiences to abstract reasoning. According to Romberg and Kaput (1999), when students first encounter mathematical problems, they naturally rely on informal strategies based on their real-world experiences. The modeling process allows these initial intuitive approaches to serve as scaffolding for solving more complex, related problems. Through modeling, students solve a specific problem and develop general strategies that can be applied across different mathematical contexts. Gravemeijer and van Galen (2003) argue that modeling real-world situations is foundational for understanding mathematical structures. This process often begins with students using informal, tangible representations, which evolve into more formal mathematical reasoning as they progress. Cobb (2000) describes this as a shift in classroom practice, where students’ informal activities, such as using objects or drawings, are eventually formalized into mathematical reasoning. The key to this transformation lies in how well students can transition between different forms of representation: enactive, iconic, and symbolic models (Bruner, 1964). #### **The Progression of Mathematical Models** A critical component of effective mathematics instruction is the concept of progressive formalization, which guides students through the stages of representation. As students work through mathematical problems, they begin with enactive models—physical representations or manipulatives that help them visualize the problem. From there, students move on to iconic models, which involve pictorial representations, such as diagrams, number lines, and graphs, that symbolize the relationships in the problem. Finally, they transition to symbolic models, which use formal mathematical tables, notation, and equations to organize and represent abstract concepts (Bruner, 1964). The transition from iconic to symbolic models is particularly important because it helps students visualize and understand abstract mathematical concepts without losing the connection to real-world problems. In many curricula, students are often asked to solve problems using multiple methods, but these methods may only sometimes lead to the progressive formalization needed for deep understanding. Iconic models, such as number lines that promote distance, magnitude, and proportion, serve as a critical bridge between concrete and abstract reasoning, allowing students to visualize the relationships between numbers and operations before transitioning to formal symbols (Leinwand & Ginsburg, 2007). #### **Iconic Models and Their Importance** Iconic models play a unique role in mathematics education by offering visual representations that make abstract concepts more accessible. For example, the area model is a powerful iconic representation used in teaching multiplication and division. When students are presented with a contextualized problem, such as determining the number of tiles needed to cover a floor, they can use an area model to visualize the relationships among length, width, and area. This iconic representation helps students see multiplication in two dimensions, preparing them for more formal mathematical concepts such as algebra (Watanabe, 2015). The strength of iconic models lies in their ability to illuminate different aspects of mathematical relationships. Unlike abstract symbolic representations, which can be difficult for students to grasp, iconic models make the problem tangible and concrete. Students can manipulate the models, explore different problem-solving strategies, and visually see the consequences of their actions. This tactile and visual exploration deepens their conceptual understanding and supports the transition to more abstract forms of reasoning (Bruner, 1964). For instance, using a number line as an iconic model for fractions allows students to visualize the relative size of different fractions, helping them understand concepts such as equivalence and comparison. Similarly, bar models can represent proportions, ratios, or algebraic relationships. These iconic models provide a clear, visual framework for understanding the underlying structure of mathematical problems, and they encourage students to explore multiple solution strategies. #### Modeling in Curriculum Design Integrating modeling into mathematics curricula has fostered deeper student engagement and understanding. However, educators must select contexts and tasks that naturally lead students from informal models to more formal, mathematically robust representations. For example, when teaching multiplication, students may begin by solving problems about grouping objects or creating arrays. These problems encourage using iconic models, such as drawing rows and columns to represent multiplication as an area, before transitioning to symbolic equations (Leinwand & Ginsburg, 2007). Curricula that prioritize the progression from enactive to iconic to symbolic models help students build a solid foundation for understanding more advanced mathematical concepts. For example, suppose an educator aims for students to use the area model as an iconic representation. In that case, they might introduce problems involving geometric concepts, such as covering flat spaces with tiles or using gridlines on a map to calculate distances. These activities make math more tangible and foster logical connections for students to develop more formal mathematical reasoning (Watanabe, 2015). Additionally, students’ engagement with different models enhances their ability to communicate and justify their mathematical thinking. When asked to explain how they arrived at a solution using an iconic model, they must articulate the mathematical relationships they observe, which promotes a deeper understanding. This process also aligns with socio-mathematical norms, where students learn to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of different models and strategies through classroom discussion and peer feedback. #### The Cognitive Benefits of Modeling From a cognitive psychology perspective, using models in mathematics education helps bridge the gap between procedural and conceptual knowledge. Research by Gilmore and Papadatou-Pastou (2009) suggests that procedural fluency and conceptual understanding are interconnected, with advancements in one area reinforcing the other. The iterative development of models provides students with opportunities to build both procedural skills—through repeated practice—and conceptual knowledge—by visualizing and manipulating the mathematical structures underlying the problems they solve. Bruner’s (1964) theory of representation emphasizes the importance of guiding students through the different representational forms—enactive, iconic, and symbolic—without imposing abrupt transitions. The gradual transition from one form of representation to another enables students to develop a deeper, more integrated understanding of mathematical concepts, reducing the cognitive load associated with learning new material. This approach allows students to internalize mathematical concepts more effectively, making them better prepared to tackle more complex problems in the future #### Conclusion In conclusion, mathematical modeling is a critical framework for helping students develop a deeper understanding of mathematics by progressing through enactive, iconic, and symbolic representations. Iconic models, in particular, are essential for bridging the gap between students’ informal understandings and the abstract formalism of mathematical reasoning. Educators can foster environments where students are encouraged to explore, innovate, and deepen their understanding of mathematical structures by emphasizing using models in mathematics instruction. This progressive formalization supports procedural fluency and conceptual knowledge, preparing students to thrive in mathematics and beyond. Integrating modeling into curricula and thoughtfully selecting tasks that support the progression from informal to formal reasoning empowers students to recognize the diverse methods for solving problems and encourages them to develop their unique mathematical insights. As school administrators and educators, fostering an environment that supports these pedagogical practices is critical to nurturing the next generation of mathematical thinkers. #### References Bruner, J. S. (1964). The course of cognitive growth. American Psychologist, 19(1), 1-15. Cobb, P. (2000). Conducting teaching experiments in collaboration with teachers. In A. E. Kelly & R. A. Lesh (Eds.), Handbook of research design in mathematics and science education (pp. 307-333). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Gilmore, C. K., & Papadatou-Pastou, M. (2009). Patterns of individual differences in conceptual understanding and arithmetical skill: A meta-analysis. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 11(1-2), 25-40. Gravemeijer, K., & van Galen, F. (2003). Facts and algorithms as products of students’ own mathematical activity. In J. Kilpatrick, W. G. Martin, & D. Schifter (Eds.), A research companion to principles and standards for school mathematics (pp. 114-122). National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Leinwand, S., & Ginsburg, A. L. (2007). Learning from Singapore math. Educational Leadership, 65(3), 32-36. Romberg, T. A., & Kaput, J. J. (1999). Mathematics worth teaching, mathematics worth understanding. In E. Fennema & T. A. Romberg (Eds.), Mathematics classrooms that promote understanding (pp. 3-17). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Watanabe, T. (2015). Visual reasoning tools in action. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 21(3), 152-160.

@ dbc27e2e:b1dd0b0b

This method focuses on the amount of water in the first pour, which ultimately defines the coffee’s acidity and sweetness (more water = more acidity, less water = more sweetness). For the remainder of the brew, the water is divided into equal parts according to the strength you wish to attain.  Dose: 20g coffee (Coarse ground coffee) 300mL water (92°C / 197.6°F) Time: 3:30 Instructions: 1. Pour 1: 0:00 > 50mL (42% of 120mL = 40% of total – less water in the ratio, targeting sweetness.) 2. Pour 2: 0:45 > 70mL (58% of 120mL = 40% of total – the top up for 40% of total.) 3. Pour 3: 1:30 > 60mL (The remaining water is 180mL / 3 pours = 60mL per pour) 4. Pour 4: 2:10 > 60mL 5. Pour 5: 2:40 > 60mL 6. Remove the V60 at 3:30

@ ac58bbcc:7d9754d8

## Unlocking Learning Potential: Why Student's Ideas Matter ### Introduction Recent research in mathematics education emphasizes the importance of valuing and building upon students' initial ideas and intuitive understanding. This approach, often referred to as "taking students' ideas seriously," has enhanced conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and overall mathematical achievement. This overview examines this approach's theoretical foundations, cognitive processes, and practical implications in mathematics classrooms.  <div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/1039781401?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="Practice 1-taking students ideas seriously"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script> [FREE DOWNLOAD - Questions and Prompts](https://dmti-public-resources.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/DMT%20Questions%20and%20Prompts%20-%20Eng.pdf) #### **Theoretical Foundations** Taking students' ideas seriously is grounded in constructivist learning theory and research on how students develop mathematical understanding. Hiebert and Carpenter (1992) argue that "if children possessed internal networks constructed both in and out of school and if they recognized the connections between them, their understanding and performance in both settings would improve." This highlights the importance of connecting students' informal knowledge with formal mathematical concepts. Carpenter's work further emphasizes the value of students' intuitive knowledge: "Children come to school with a great deal of informal or intuitive knowledge of mathematics that can serve as the basis for developing much of the formal mathematics of the primary school curriculum." This suggests that taking students' initial ideas seriously can provide a strong foundation for developing a more sophisticated mathematical understanding. #### **Cognitive Processes** When students' ideas are taken seriously in mathematics classrooms, several cognitive processes are engaged: 1. Schema Formation: As students articulate and refine their ideas, they develop and modify mental frameworks or schemas that organize mathematical concepts. 2. Metacognition: Explaining their thinking engages students' metacognitive processes, promoting reflection on their own understanding and problem-solving strategies. 3. Elaborative Rehearsal: Verbalizing mathematical concepts helps move information from working memory to long-term memory, enhancing retention. 4. Cognitive Conflict: When students encounter differing viewpoints, it can create cognitive conflict, stimulating the reconciliation of new information with existing schemas. #### **Practical Implications** **Eliciting and Valuing Student Ideas** Carpenter and Lehrer argue that for learning with understanding to occur, instruction needs to provide specific opportunities: "For learning with understanding to occur, instruction needs to provide students the opportunity to develop productive relationships, extend and apply their knowledge, reflect about their experiences, articulate what they know, and make knowledge their own." This emphasizes the need for instructional approaches that actively elicit and value student ideas. #### **Creating a Supportive Environment** To effectively take students' ideas seriously, teachers must foster a classroom environment where all contributions are respected. This involves: 1. Provide adequate thinking time for students to formulate their thoughts. 2. Using open-ended questions that encourage diverse thinking and approaches. 3. Implementing collaborative strategies like think-pair-share to build confidence in sharing ideas. #### **Connecting to Formal Mathematics** Hiebert advocates for teaching practices that promote understanding by focusing on "the inherent structure of the emerging mathematical ideas and addressing students' misconceptions as they arise" . This involves helping students connect their informal ideas to more formal mathematical concepts and procedures. #### Impact on Student Learning Research indicates that taking students' ideas seriously can significantly improve mathematical understanding and achievement. A study by Carpenter et al. (1998) found that when teachers based their instruction on students' thinking, students demonstrated greater problem-solving skills and conceptual understanding compared to control groups. Moreover, this approach has increased student engagement and motivation in mathematics. When students feel their ideas are valued, they are more likely to participate actively in mathematical discussions and take intellectual risks. #### Challenges and Considerations While the benefits of taking students' ideas seriously are well-documented, implementing this approach can present challenges: 1. **Time Constraints:** Allowing for extended student discussions and idea exploration can be time-consuming within the constraints of a typical school schedule. 2. **Teacher Preparation:** Effectively building on student ideas requires strong content knowledge and pedagogical skills from teachers. 3. **Assessment Alignment:** Traditional assessment methods may not adequately capture the depth of understanding developed through this approach, necessitating new forms of evaluation. #### Conclusion Taking students' ideas seriously in mathematics education represents a powerful approach to fostering deep conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. By valuing students' initial thoughts and building upon their intuitive knowledge, educators can create more engaging and effective learning environments. While challenges exist in implementation, the potential benefits for student learning and mathematical achievement make this approach worthy of serious consideration and further research. #### References Ball, D. L., Thames, M. H., & Phelps, G. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(5), 389-407. Boaler, J. (2002). Experiencing school mathematics: Traditional and reform approaches to teaching and their impact on student learning. Routledge. Boaler, J., & Brodie, K. (2004). The importance, nature and impact of teacher questions. In D. E. McDougall & J. A. Ross (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Vol. 2, pp. 773-782). Toronto: OISE/UT. Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., & Franke, M. L. (1996). Cognitively guided instruction: A knowledge base for reform in primary mathematics instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 97(1), 3-20. Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., Franke, M. L., Levi, L., & Empson, S. B. (1999). Children's mathematics: Cognitively guided instruction. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Carpenter, T. P., & Lehrer, R. (1999). Teaching and learning mathematics with understanding. In E. Fennema & T. A. Romberg (Eds.), Mathematics classrooms that promote understanding (pp. 19-32). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Craik, F. I., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671-684. Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911. Hiebert, J., & Carpenter, T. P. (1992). Learning and teaching with understanding. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 65-97). New York: Macmillan. Hiebert, J., Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., Fuson, K. C., Wearne, D., Murray, H., ... & Human, P. (1997). Making sense: Teaching and learning mathematics with understanding. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Lyman, F. (1981). The responsive classroom discussion: The inclusion of all students. In A. S. Anderson (Ed.), Mainstreaming Digest (pp. 109-113). College Park: University of Maryland Press. Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press. Rowe, M. B. (1986). Wait time: Slowing down may be a way of speeding up! Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1), 43- 50. Shepard, L. A. (2000). The role of assessment in a learning culture. Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4-14. Smith, M. S., & Stein, M. K. (2011). 5 practices for orchestrating productive mathematics discussions. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. #### **Social Media.** Research in mathematics education highlights the significance of taking students' ideas seriously, demonstrating how this approach enhances conceptual understanding, problem-solving abilities, and overall mathematical achievement. Rooted in constructivist learning theory, this method engages crucial cognitive processes like schema formation, metacognition, and elaborative rehearsal. By connecting students’ informal knowledge with formal mathematical concepts, educators can establish a robust foundation for advanced mathematical thinking. Studies show that when instruction is based on students' thinking, learners exhibit superior problem-solving skills and a deeper conceptual grasp than traditional teaching methods. Join us in exploring these powerful teaching approaches and their impact on mathematical thinking and achievement!

@ ac58bbcc:7d9754d8

## Unlocking Learning Potential: Why Student's Ideas Matter ### Introduction Recent research in mathematics education emphasizes the importance of valuing and building upon students' initial ideas and intuitive understanding. This approach, often referred to as "taking students' ideas seriously," has enhanced conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and overall mathematical achievement. This overview examines this approach's theoretical foundations, cognitive processes, and practical implications in mathematics classrooms.  <div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/1039781401?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="Practice 1-taking students ideas seriously"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script> [FREE DOWNLOAD - Questions and Prompts](https://dmti-public-resources.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/DMT%20Questions%20and%20Prompts%20-%20Eng.pdf) #### **Theoretical Foundations** Taking students' ideas seriously is grounded in constructivist learning theory and research on how students develop mathematical understanding. Hiebert and Carpenter (1992) argue that "if children possessed internal networks constructed both in and out of school and if they recognized the connections between them, their understanding and performance in both settings would improve." This highlights the importance of connecting students' informal knowledge with formal mathematical concepts. Carpenter's work further emphasizes the value of students' intuitive knowledge: "Children come to school with a great deal of informal or intuitive knowledge of mathematics that can serve as the basis for developing much of the formal mathematics of the primary school curriculum." This suggests that taking students' initial ideas seriously can provide a strong foundation for developing a more sophisticated mathematical understanding. #### **Cognitive Processes** When students' ideas are taken seriously in mathematics classrooms, several cognitive processes are engaged: 1. Schema Formation: As students articulate and refine their ideas, they develop and modify mental frameworks or schemas that organize mathematical concepts. 2. Metacognition: Explaining their thinking engages students' metacognitive processes, promoting reflection on their own understanding and problem-solving strategies. 3. Elaborative Rehearsal: Verbalizing mathematical concepts helps move information from working memory to long-term memory, enhancing retention. 4. Cognitive Conflict: When students encounter differing viewpoints, it can create cognitive conflict, stimulating the reconciliation of new information with existing schemas. #### **Practical Implications** **Eliciting and Valuing Student Ideas** Carpenter and Lehrer argue that for learning with understanding to occur, instruction needs to provide specific opportunities: "For learning with understanding to occur, instruction needs to provide students the opportunity to develop productive relationships, extend and apply their knowledge, reflect about their experiences, articulate what they know, and make knowledge their own." This emphasizes the need for instructional approaches that actively elicit and value student ideas. #### **Creating a Supportive Environment** To effectively take students' ideas seriously, teachers must foster a classroom environment where all contributions are respected. This involves: 1. Provide adequate thinking time for students to formulate their thoughts. 2. Using open-ended questions that encourage diverse thinking and approaches. 3. Implementing collaborative strategies like think-pair-share to build confidence in sharing ideas. #### **Connecting to Formal Mathematics** Hiebert advocates for teaching practices that promote understanding by focusing on "the inherent structure of the emerging mathematical ideas and addressing students' misconceptions as they arise" . This involves helping students connect their informal ideas to more formal mathematical concepts and procedures. #### Impact on Student Learning Research indicates that taking students' ideas seriously can significantly improve mathematical understanding and achievement. A study by Carpenter et al. (1998) found that when teachers based their instruction on students' thinking, students demonstrated greater problem-solving skills and conceptual understanding compared to control groups. Moreover, this approach has increased student engagement and motivation in mathematics. When students feel their ideas are valued, they are more likely to participate actively in mathematical discussions and take intellectual risks. #### Challenges and Considerations While the benefits of taking students' ideas seriously are well-documented, implementing this approach can present challenges: 1. **Time Constraints:** Allowing for extended student discussions and idea exploration can be time-consuming within the constraints of a typical school schedule. 2. **Teacher Preparation:** Effectively building on student ideas requires strong content knowledge and pedagogical skills from teachers. 3. **Assessment Alignment:** Traditional assessment methods may not adequately capture the depth of understanding developed through this approach, necessitating new forms of evaluation. #### Conclusion Taking students' ideas seriously in mathematics education represents a powerful approach to fostering deep conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. By valuing students' initial thoughts and building upon their intuitive knowledge, educators can create more engaging and effective learning environments. While challenges exist in implementation, the potential benefits for student learning and mathematical achievement make this approach worthy of serious consideration and further research. #### References Ball, D. L., Thames, M. H., & Phelps, G. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(5), 389-407. Boaler, J. (2002). Experiencing school mathematics: Traditional and reform approaches to teaching and their impact on student learning. Routledge. Boaler, J., & Brodie, K. (2004). The importance, nature and impact of teacher questions. In D. E. McDougall & J. A. Ross (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Vol. 2, pp. 773-782). Toronto: OISE/UT. Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., & Franke, M. L. (1996). Cognitively guided instruction: A knowledge base for reform in primary mathematics instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 97(1), 3-20. Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., Franke, M. L., Levi, L., & Empson, S. B. (1999). Children's mathematics: Cognitively guided instruction. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Carpenter, T. P., & Lehrer, R. (1999). Teaching and learning mathematics with understanding. In E. Fennema & T. A. Romberg (Eds.), Mathematics classrooms that promote understanding (pp. 19-32). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Craik, F. I., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671-684. Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911. Hiebert, J., & Carpenter, T. P. (1992). Learning and teaching with understanding. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 65-97). New York: Macmillan. Hiebert, J., Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., Fuson, K. C., Wearne, D., Murray, H., ... & Human, P. (1997). Making sense: Teaching and learning mathematics with understanding. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Lyman, F. (1981). The responsive classroom discussion: The inclusion of all students. In A. S. Anderson (Ed.), Mainstreaming Digest (pp. 109-113). College Park: University of Maryland Press. Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press. Rowe, M. B. (1986). Wait time: Slowing down may be a way of speeding up! Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1), 43- 50. Shepard, L. A. (2000). The role of assessment in a learning culture. Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4-14. Smith, M. S., & Stein, M. K. (2011). 5 practices for orchestrating productive mathematics discussions. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. #### **Social Media.** Research in mathematics education highlights the significance of taking students' ideas seriously, demonstrating how this approach enhances conceptual understanding, problem-solving abilities, and overall mathematical achievement. Rooted in constructivist learning theory, this method engages crucial cognitive processes like schema formation, metacognition, and elaborative rehearsal. By connecting students’ informal knowledge with formal mathematical concepts, educators can establish a robust foundation for advanced mathematical thinking. Studies show that when instruction is based on students' thinking, learners exhibit superior problem-solving skills and a deeper conceptual grasp than traditional teaching methods. Join us in exploring these powerful teaching approaches and their impact on mathematical thinking and achievement!

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

 ♟️ **The scene:** Starting April 11th, 2025, every week in **Apaneca, El Salvador** - a town so small you’d miss it if you blinked - a quiet revolution will be unfolding. In soma chess, taking place at **📍Estudio Malinche**- chessboards aren’t just for play. They’re **gateways to a modern kind of culture** - one where discipline meets digital curiosity, and where tradition doesn’t mean rejecting tech, but **hacking it for growth**. This isn’t about creating grandmasters. It’s about using chess’s ancient magic to teach: - **Respect** (for the game and community, your opponent, and yourself). - **Patience** (because the board doesn’t reward haste). - **Perseverance** (every loss is a lesson in disguise). But there’s a twist: **We’re not aiming to teaching chess. We’re aiming to teaching how to navigate a world where culture is now built on code, forums, and digital communities.** > **_Chess as a Trojan horse to self-learning, learning better and doing better._** --- **Why Chess?** Chess is the ultimate **self-improvement metaphor**: ✅ _The opponent could leave you a winning position - but can_ **_you_** **_see_** **_it_**_?_  ✅ _You could blame luck - or ask,_ **_“_**_Where did_ **_I_** _go wrong_**_?”_**  ✅ _You could rage-quit - or_ **_learn to love the grind._**  --- **The hidden curriculum: Where analog meets algorithm** **1. Embracing digital curiosity** _We’re not teaching openings - we’re showing players how to hunt for knowledge._ **2. Mistakes as rituals** _Owning blunders, and analyzing them with engines._ **3. The long game** _Tracking progress and digitally storing your games._ --- **Join us** This isn’t _just_ about Apaneca.  🌍 **Your challenge:** - **If you’re nearby**, come play (every Thursday, 1-5PM, zero expectations). - **If you’re far**, do this in your town. We’ll share our **playbook**. - **If you’re online**, **follow us**npub1hgmdpalp9tz37vh9kxx49fm5pl75w6vwek2r80r20x2stnvq9jaq705r99 and tag along for the ride. --- **Final Move:** Chess doesn’t build character. It reveals it - then sharpens it. And **culture and communities aren’t just what we inherit. They're what we build.** ********************* #chess #ajedrez #article #meetup #education #chesselsalvador #rutadelasflores #apaneca #somachess

@ e372d24b:e25df41f

## Unlocking Learning Potential: Why Student's Ideas Matter ### Introduction Recent research in mathematics education emphasizes the importance of valuing and building upon students' initial ideas and intuitive understanding. This approach, often referred to as "taking students' ideas seriously," has enhanced conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and overall mathematical achievement. This overview examines this approach's theoretical foundations, cognitive processes, and practical implications in mathematics classrooms.  <div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/1039781401?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="Practice 1-taking students ideas seriously"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script> [FREE DOWNLOAD - Questions and Prompts](https://dmti-public-resources.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/DMT%20Questions%20and%20Prompts%20-%20Eng.pdf) #### **Theoretical Foundations** Taking students' ideas seriously is grounded in constructivist learning theory and research on how students develop mathematical understanding. Hiebert and Carpenter (1992) argue that "if children possessed internal networks constructed both in and out of school and if they recognized the connections between them, their understanding and performance in both settings would improve." This highlights the importance of connecting students' informal knowledge with formal mathematical concepts. Carpenter's work further emphasizes the value of students' intuitive knowledge: "Children come to school with a great deal of informal or intuitive knowledge of mathematics that can serve as the basis for developing much of the formal mathematics of the primary school curriculum." This suggests that taking students' initial ideas seriously can provide a strong foundation for developing a more sophisticated mathematical understanding. #### **Cognitive Processes** When students' ideas are taken seriously in mathematics classrooms, several cognitive processes are engaged: 1. Schema Formation: As students articulate and refine their ideas, they develop and modify mental frameworks or schemas that organize mathematical concepts. 2. Metacognition: Explaining their thinking engages students' metacognitive processes, promoting reflection on their own understanding and problem-solving strategies. 3. Elaborative Rehearsal: Verbalizing mathematical concepts helps move information from working memory to long-term memory, enhancing retention. 4. Cognitive Conflict: When students encounter differing viewpoints, it can create cognitive conflict, stimulating the reconciliation of new information with existing schemas. #### **Practical Implications** **Eliciting and Valuing Student Ideas** Carpenter and Lehrer argue that for learning with understanding to occur, instruction needs to provide specific opportunities: "For learning with understanding to occur, instruction needs to provide students the opportunity to develop productive relationships, extend and apply their knowledge, reflect about their experiences, articulate what they know, and make knowledge their own." This emphasizes the need for instructional approaches that actively elicit and value student ideas. #### **Creating a Supportive Environment** To effectively take students' ideas seriously, teachers must foster a classroom environment where all contributions are respected. This involves: 1. Provide adequate thinking time for students to formulate their thoughts. 2. Using open-ended questions that encourage diverse thinking and approaches. 3. Implementing collaborative strategies like think-pair-share to build confidence in sharing ideas. #### **Connecting to Formal Mathematics** Hiebert advocates for teaching practices that promote understanding by focusing on "the inherent structure of the emerging mathematical ideas and addressing students' misconceptions as they arise" . This involves helping students connect their informal ideas to more formal mathematical concepts and procedures. #### Impact on Student Learning Research indicates that taking students' ideas seriously can significantly improve mathematical understanding and achievement. A study by Carpenter et al. (1998) found that when teachers based their instruction on students' thinking, students demonstrated greater problem-solving skills and conceptual understanding compared to control groups. Moreover, this approach has increased student engagement and motivation in mathematics. When students feel their ideas are valued, they are more likely to participate actively in mathematical discussions and take intellectual risks. #### Challenges and Considerations While the benefits of taking students' ideas seriously are well-documented, implementing this approach can present challenges: 1. **Time Constraints:** Allowing for extended student discussions and idea exploration can be time-consuming within the constraints of a typical school schedule. 2. **Teacher Preparation:** Effectively building on student ideas requires strong content knowledge and pedagogical skills from teachers. 3. **Assessment Alignment:** Traditional assessment methods may not adequately capture the depth of understanding developed through this approach, necessitating new forms of evaluation. #### Conclusion Taking students' ideas seriously in mathematics education represents a powerful approach to fostering deep conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. By valuing students' initial thoughts and building upon their intuitive knowledge, educators can create more engaging and effective learning environments. While challenges exist in implementation, the potential benefits for student learning and mathematical achievement make this approach worthy of serious consideration and further research. #### References Ball, D. L., Thames, M. H., & Phelps, G. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(5), 389-407. Boaler, J. (2002). Experiencing school mathematics: Traditional and reform approaches to teaching and their impact on student learning. Routledge. Boaler, J., & Brodie, K. (2004). The importance, nature and impact of teacher questions. In D. E. McDougall & J. A. Ross (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Vol. 2, pp. 773-782). Toronto: OISE/UT. Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., & Franke, M. L. (1996). Cognitively guided instruction: A knowledge base for reform in primary mathematics instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 97(1), 3-20. Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., Franke, M. L., Levi, L., & Empson, S. B. (1999). Children's mathematics: Cognitively guided instruction. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Carpenter, T. P., & Lehrer, R. (1999). Teaching and learning mathematics with understanding. In E. Fennema & T. A. Romberg (Eds.), Mathematics classrooms that promote understanding (pp. 19-32). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Craik, F. I., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671-684. Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911. Hiebert, J., & Carpenter, T. P. (1992). Learning and teaching with understanding. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 65-97). New York: Macmillan. Hiebert, J., Carpenter, T. P., Fennema, E., Fuson, K. C., Wearne, D., Murray, H., ... & Human, P. (1997). Making sense: Teaching and learning mathematics with understanding. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Lyman, F. (1981). The responsive classroom discussion: The inclusion of all students. In A. S. Anderson (Ed.), Mainstreaming Digest (pp. 109-113). College Park: University of Maryland Press. Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press. Rowe, M. B. (1986). Wait time: Slowing down may be a way of speeding up! Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1), 43- 50. Shepard, L. A. (2000). The role of assessment in a learning culture. Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4-14. Smith, M. S., & Stein, M. K. (2011). 5 practices for orchestrating productive mathematics discussions. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. #### **Social Media.** Research in mathematics education highlights the significance of taking students' ideas seriously, demonstrating how this approach enhances conceptual understanding, problem-solving abilities, and overall mathematical achievement. Rooted in constructivist learning theory, this method engages crucial cognitive processes like schema formation, metacognition, and elaborative rehearsal. By connecting students’ informal knowledge with formal mathematical concepts, educators can establish a robust foundation for advanced mathematical thinking. Studies show that when instruction is based on students' thinking, learners exhibit superior problem-solving skills and a deeper conceptual grasp than traditional teaching methods. Join us in exploring these powerful teaching approaches and their impact on mathematical thinking and achievement!

@ 21c9f12c:75695e59

## Details - 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour and 15 minutes ## Ingredients - 1 cup dried red lentils - (2) 25-ounce jars marinara sauce - 1 cup raw cashews - 14.5 ounce firm tofu (patted dry) - ½ cup nutritional yeast - 3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice (from about 2 lemons) - 1 teaspoon salt - 1 teaspoon dried basil - 1 teaspoon oregano - ½ teaspoon garlic powder - 3 cups baby spinach - 1 box lasagna noodles (about 12 noodles) (regular, gluten free or whole grain) - Double recipe Easy Vegan Mozzarella Cheese (or 2-3 cups shredded vegan mozzarella) ## Directions 1. lentilsCook the red lentils . Add 1 cup dried red lentils and 3 cups of water to a medium pot. Bring to a boil, and then simmer for about 20 minutes. Drain the lentils in a fine strainer, and then add back to the pot and stir in the marinara sauce . Set aside. 2. ovenPreheat the oven to 350 degrees . 3. Make the Cashew-Tofu Ricotta: Add the cashews to a food processor and process until fine and crumbly. Then add the tofu in chunks, nutritional yeast , lemon juice , salt , basil , oregano and garlic powder to the food processor. Pulse until well combined and pretty smooth. If it's too thick, add a few tablespoons of water to blend. Set aside. 4. LasagnaAssembling the lasagna: Add about 1 cup of lentil marinara to the bottom of a large 9x13 inch casserole dish. Spread it around evenly. Next add 4-5 lasagna noodles (uncooked). Spread half of the ricotta on top of the noodles . Top with half of the spinach . Add about 1 cup of the marinara sauce over the spinach , then place 4-5 lasagna noodles on top. Spread the rest of the ricotta over the noodles , then the rest of the spinach . Place 4-5 more noodles on top of the spinach , and then pour the rest of the sauce over the top, evenly. 5. LasagnaCover tightly with foil and bake for 40 minutes. 6. MozzarellaWhile the lasagna is cooking, make your Vegan Mozzarella Cheese , if using. Alternatively, use 2-3 cups store bought vegan mozzarella cheese . 7. LasagnaAfter 40 minutes, remove the foil and spoon on the mozzarella (or sprinkle the cheese all over). Place the lasagna back in the oven and bake for 20 more minutes, uncovered. Remove from oven, let cool for at least 15 minutes and serve.

@ c066aac5:6a41a034

I’m drawn to extremities in art. The louder, the bolder, the more outrageous, the better. Bold art takes me out of the mundane into a whole new world where anything and everything is possible. Having grown up in the safety of the suburban midwest, I was a bit of a rebellious soul in search of the satiation that only came from the consumption of the outrageous. My inclination to find bold art draws me to NOSTR, because I believe NOSTR can be the place where the next generation of artistic pioneers go to express themselves. I also believe that as much as we are able, were should invite them to come create here. # My Background: A Small Side Story  My father was a professional gamer in the 80s, back when there was no money or glory in the avocation. He did get a bit of spotlight though after the fact: in the mid 2000’s there were a few parties making documentaries about that era of gaming as well as current arcade events (namely 2007’s*Chasing Ghosts*and*The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters*). As a result of these documentaries, there was a revival in the arcade gaming scene. My family attended events related to the documentaries or arcade gaming and I became exposed to a lot of things I wouldn’t have been able to find. The producer of*The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters* had previously made a documentary called*New York Doll*which was centered around the life of bassist Arthur Kane. My 12 year old mind was blown: The New York Dolls were a glam-punk sensation dressed in drag. The music was from another planet. Johnny Thunders’ guitar playing was like Chuck Berry with more distortion and less filter. Later on I got to meet the Galaga record holder at the time, Phil Day, in Ottumwa Iowa. Phil is an Australian man of high intellect and good taste. He exposed me to great creators such as Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds, Shakespeare, Lou Reed, artists who created things that I had previously found inconceivable. I believe this time period informed my current tastes and interests, but regrettably I think it also put coals on the fire of rebellion within. I stopped taking my parents and siblings seriously, the Christian faith of my family (which I now hold dearly to) seemed like a mundane sham, and I felt I couldn’t fit in with most people because of my avant-garde tastes. So I write this with the caveat that there should be a way to encourage these tastes in children without letting them walk down the wrong path. There is nothing inherently wrong with bold art, but I’d advise parents to carefully find ways to cultivate their children’s tastes without completely shutting them down and pushing them away as a result. My parents were very loving and patient during this time; I thank God for that. With that out of the way, lets dive in to some bold artists: # Nicolas Cage: Actor  There is an excellent video by Wisecrack on Nicolas Cage that explains him better than I will, which I will link[here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8IfDNHsCLE). Nicolas Cage rejects the idea that good acting is tied to mere realism; all of his larger than life acting decisions are deliberate choices. When that clicked for me, I immediately realized the man is a genius. He borrows from Kabuki and German Expressionism, art forms that rely on exaggeration to get the message across. He has even created his own acting style, which he calls Nouveau Shamanic. He augments his imagination to go from acting to being. Rather than using the old hat of method acting, he transports himself to a new world mentally. The projects he chooses to partake in are based on his own interests or what he considers would be a challenge (making a bad script good for example). Thus it doesn’t matter how the end result comes out; he has already achieved his goal as an artist. Because of this and because certain directors don’t know how to use his talents, he has a noticeable amount of duds in his filmography. Dig around the duds, you’ll find some pure gold. I’d personally recommend the films*Pig,* *Joe,* *Renfield,* and his Christmas film *The Family Man*. # Nick Cave: Songwriter  What a wild career this man has had! From the apocalyptic mayhem of his band The Birthday Party to the pensive atmosphere of his album*Ghosteen*, it seems like Nick Cave has tried everything. I think his secret sauce is that he’s always working. He maintains an excellent newsletter called*The Red Hand Files*, he has written screenplays such as*Lawless*, he has written books, he has made great film scores such as*The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford*, the man is religiously prolific. I believe that one of the reasons he is prolific is that he’s not afraid to experiment. If he has an idea, he follows it through to completion. From the album*Murder Ballads*(which is comprised of what the title suggests) to his rejected sequel to*Gladiator*(*Gladiator: Christ Killer*), he doesn’t seem to be afraid to take anything on. This has led to some over the top works as well as some deeply personal works. Albums like*Skeleton Tree*and*Ghosteen*were journeys through the grief of his son’s death. *The Boatman’s Call*is arguably a better break-up album than anything Taylor Swift has put out. He’s not afraid to be outrageous, he’s not afraid to offend, but most importantly he’s not afraid to be himself. Works I’d recommend include The Birthday Party’s*Live 1981-82*, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds’*The Boatman’s Call*, and the film*Lawless*. # Jim Jarmusch: Director  I consider Jim’s films to be bold almost in an ironic sense: his works are bold in that they are, for the most part, anti-sensational. He has a rule that if his screenplays are criticized for a lack of action, he makes them even less eventful. Even with sensational settings his films feel very close to reality, and they demonstrate the beauty of everyday life. That's what is bold about his art to me: making the sensational grounded in reality while making everyday reality all the more special. *Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai* is about a modern-day African-American hitman who strictly follows the rules of the ancient Samurai, yet one can resonate with the humanity of a seemingly absurd character. *Only Lovers Left Alive*is a vampire love story, but in the middle of a vampire romance one can see their their own relationships in a new deeply human light. Jim’s work reminds me that art reflects life, and that there is sacred beauty in seemingly mundane everyday life. I personally recommend his films*Paterson*,*Down by Law*, and*Coffee and Cigarettes*. # NOSTR: We Need Bold Art  NOSTR is in my opinion a path to a better future. In a world creeping slowly towards everything apps, I hope that the protocol where the individual owns their data wins over everything else. I love freedom and sovereignty. If NOSTR is going to win the race of everything apps, we need more than Bitcoin content. We need more than shirtless bros paying for bananas in foreign countries and exercising with girls who have seductive accents. Common people cannot see themselves in such a world. NOSTR needs to catch the attention of everyday people. I don’t believe that this can be accomplished merely by introducing more broadly relevant content; people are searching for content that speaks to them. I believe that NOSTR can and should attract artists of all kinds because NOSTR is one of the few places on the internet where artists can express themselves fearlessly. Getting zaps from NOSTR’s value-for-value ecosystem has far less friction than crowdfunding a creative project or pitching investors that will irreversibly modify an artist’s vision. Having a place where one can post their works without fear of censorship should be extremely enticing. Having a place where one can connect with fellow humans directly as opposed to a sea of bots should seem like the obvious solution. If NOSTR can become a safe haven for artists to express themselves and spread their work, I believe that everyday people will follow. The banker whose stressful job weighs on them will suddenly find joy with an original meme made by a great visual comedian. The programmer for a healthcare company who is drowning in hopeless mundanity could suddenly find a new lust for life by hearing the song of a musician who isn’t afraid to crowdfund their their next project by putting their lighting address on the streets of the internet. The excel guru who loves independent film may find that NOSTR is the best way to support non corporate movies. **My closing statement:** continue to encourage the artists in your life as I’m sure you have been, but while you’re at it give them the purple pill. You may very well be a part of building a better future.

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

It's a promo video of an, of course, not existential product from Japans Kawasaki  but I found the concept/the idea so mindblowing that I had to share https://x.com/minchoi/status/1908521169214382348 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/935326

@ 8bad797a:8461b4bc

## Frank Palmer Purcell I claim to be a Catholic American; even though I now follow the Russian Orthodox tradition, I do so in a small *sui juris* Church in communion with Rome, not Constantinople. When I was a little kid, knee high to a trilobite, some folks still had a problem with that, with being Catholic and American, I mean; Orthodoxy was beyond our horizon. My mother was one of those who had the problem. As long as I was a Catholic like my father (and her own mother, as a little girl in Ireland and on the lower East Side), I couldn't be a real American like her father, a bookbinder replaced by a machine, disowned by his family for marrying out of caste, who spent his days in the nearest tavern. "Pop" Palmer died at 78, and four years later I was born and named for him, or at least that was my mother's intention. The priest baptized me in Latin, as was the custom in those dark days, and pronounced "Frank" so that it sounded like the nickname ("Frenchy") of a (doubtless) dirty medieval Italian beggar baptized Giovanni. My early spirituality, to use a ten dollar word for a fifty cent thing, was more American than Franciscan. Emerson and Thoreau, Melville and Whitman spoke and still speak to me as no European voice can, and when I came to study philosophy in a serious way I found the Americans, Josiah Royce, Rufus Jones and Ernest Hocking, C. I. (not C. S.) Lewis and Brand (not Paul) Blanshard, speaking a language that was my own, though by then the professoriate resonated to other tonalities. Though I fell in love with Schopenhauer and Kierkegaard, as every teenager who meets them must, and inhaled the sweet incense and felt the calming breeze of the shrines of the East, as my generation did, and was introduced to the mysteries of Thomas Aquinas by the subtle writings of Jacques Maritain, as we should all be, when I came to take hold of the great tradition of Western theology in a personal way, I found the distinctly American perspectives of Paul Tillich and Richard (not Reinhold) Niebuhr most helpful. Back in 1963, in the New Jersey family television room, Joseph Campbell's urbane mythological sermons on Channel 13 (still a Newark station) touched something deep inside me an hour after Bishop Sheen's passionate exhortations on Channel 5 had left me (perhaps deplorably) cold. I would go up to my room and say my prayers after a fashion in time for the nightly racetrack bugle and exhilarating nostalgia of Arthur Fiedler's performance of the Bahnfrei Polka of Edouard Strauss, which introduced the nightly raconteurship of the incomparable Jean Shepherd, and, if I were still awake, the more outre world of Long John Nebel and his, ah, eccentric guests. You can't get more American than that. Or more New Jersey. As the child of a mixed marriage and a pupil of the public schools I was not warmly welcome in the Catholic ghetto. Still, in those years of the civil rights revolution and the Vietnam War, with the polarized positions of right and left equally abstract and inhumane, I found my take on national affairs reflecting the distinctly Catholic perspectives of Dorothy Day and Thomas Merton on the one hand and Frederick Wilhelmsen and Erik Maria, Ritter von Kuehnelt-­Leddihn on the other. And, though the writings of Rufus Jones, to which I even now frequently turn for inspiration, had led me to seek out a Quaker education, I found it was the Catholic scholars and pioneers of the spirit who were beginning the interreligious dialogue which was then and is now one of the pressing needs of humanity. In graduate school I became a devoted Americanist, that is, a scholar dedicated to using the tools of the historian of ideas to get some sense of what this place is all about, this gallimaufry of peoples who have somehow, in spite of all learned and astute prognostications, made themselves and each other into a kind of unity, a unity which it may take someone like the present [at the time of writing] Pope (and there isn't really anyone else very much like him) to discern. I do not speak of Joseph Ratzinger, Benedict XVI, as a theologian nor even as a philosopher, but I must note that in New York and Washington in 2008 he revealed himself as an historian of ideas of astonishing and exquisite discernment. By this I mean, among other things, of course, that he strongly confirmed the discoveries and intimations of my own forty years of brooding in and on America. I was fortunate indeed to turn up at Columbia University's Teachers College when Douglas Sloan was putting the finishing touches on his groundbreaking study of the Scottish Enlightenment as the great inspiration of the American colonists, especially the intellectual elite, in the age of the War of Independence. Sloan's insights would eventually be popularized, without their scholarly context and qualifications, in Garry Wills' bestselling *Inventing America*, and it is now taken for granted that our Founding Father Across the Sea was not John Locke, but the Ulster Scot Francis Hutcheson (1694-­1746). Indeed, the Evangelical position seems to be that it was Hutcheson who corrupted American civilization at the root, turning us from the Calvinist faith once delivered to Jonathan Edwards (himself a notorious Lockean, but never mind). In fact, Oxford University Press recently published a six hundred page tract to that effect, authored at Wheaton. Hutcheson, and the Scottish school of Common Sense which he inspired, held that all human beings, Pagan and Christian, Protestant and Catholic, share a basic ability to come to an understanding of certain fundamental truths, and can come to agreement upon these with the aid of reason. Calvinism, especially the neo­Calvinism which is the unquestioned (because unquestionable) paradigm of the Evangelical academy, holds that the elect have a unique and divinely sanctioned "world view" which stands in judgment of all others in all particulars. To these zealots the very idea that there can be any common human ground between believers and unbelievers is itself a damnable heresy. Still, it is the damnable heresy on which American society and civilization are built, and the Calvinism which so despises it is a near kin of those varieties of Islam that Benedict so boldly challenged at Regensburg in 2006. When the same Benedict addressed the United Nations a year and a half later, he pointed out how the principles of that august body, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights whose anniversary he was commemorating, grew out of the Natural Law philosophy of CounterReformation Scholasticism, particularly as formulated by Francisco de Vitoria (1492?–1546). Needless to say, the "Scottish Philosophy" of a later age grew out of this tradition as well, and many of the American founders were directly familiar with Natural Law theory as expounded by Catholic ­­ and Protestant ­­ Scholastics. On the same visit Benedict made ample use of the language of sacred architecture, as if in conscious homage to the fact that he was honoring a country founded by Freemasons, who used that language to teach the conformity of right living to the law of nature and nature's God. If he was giving a Catholic interpretation to this symbolism, so did the Catholic Jacobites who were prominent in the Craft before the Masonic movement became identified with indifferentism, anticlericalism, and finally (at least on the Continent) atheism. It was striking indeed that to one steeped in American tradition it was the Pope of Rome of all people who was speaking our own language in a familiar tone, and the neo­Calvinist Evangelicals who jibbered and muttered in an outlandish and menacing jargon more Muslim than Christian. I sure wonder what Mommy would think. Natural Law. What is that to us today; what was it to me in what we call the Vietnam era? In 2008 the issue was torture, and a President of the United States who took pleasure in his presumed power to order it, to physically degrade his enemies, to morally degrade our own soldiers. I am proud that when Mr. Bush asked our military for advice on the subject, they replied that he has no such power, that such actions are contrary to our laws and the traditions of our armed services, and, moreover, ineffectual. (The latter point is an important indication that powerful men order torture not to accomplish anything, but to pleasure themselves.) And I am ashamed that he chose to take the advice of Israeli advisors, who hold to another morality, one going back to ancient Assyria, and profoundly alien to our own Christian civilization. In my youth the overriding issue was not torture, but terrorism. Not that torture didn't take place. At graduate school I knew a former naval officer who had interrogated captured Viet Minh and Viet Cong; the "extraordinary means" had been applied by our allies by the time he was introduced to his prisoners, and the specialists who had softened them up had already moved on or backed off. The issues before us then were atrocious acts of war against civilian populations in North and South Vietnam, in Laos and Cambodia, in Central and South America, even in Germany and Japan a generation before, not to mention the subversion and corruption of constitutional government in America by a regime that felt justified in using any means necessary to keep power away from the Communists and their sympathizers, the Democrats and liberal Republicans. Nor was such evil a monopoly of the so­called right. A young antiwar activist formerly associated with Martin Luther King even went so far as to criticize the sainted Che Guevara for not being enough of a terrorist to tear the peasantry away from their conformity to a "fascist" state. (Two generations later the man was advising George Bush.) In my undergraduate days I had been a loyal member of the conservative movement, back when the Intercollegiate Studies Institute was still called the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, some members of the Students for a Democratic Society still honored democracy, and Murray Rothbard and Carl Ogelsby were moving "beyond left and right." If I got nothing more from the conservatives, and in fact I got a great deal more, it was an ever deepening admiration for Edmund Burke. Burke was prized by the cold warriors because his *Letters on a Regicide Peace* could be used to justify a war of extermination against the Soviet Union, the Peoples Republic of China, and any other people so temerarious as not join the alliance against these forces of absolute evil and subordinate their interests to those of the United States. A superficial reading, I need hardly remark. But Burke was not only the acute critic of the French Revolution who predicted the Terror from its earliest signs, he also was a tireless advocate for Irish freedom, particularly freedom of conscience, and a loyal ally of the American colonies in Parliament. But Burke's finest hour came at the end of his long career, when he boldly fought against the depredations of Warren Hastings and the British East India Company. Anyone who wants to know what natural law meant to the men of the Eighteenth Century, including those who liberated the American colonies and forged their political constitution can get a good sense of it from the eighth day (!) of his impeachment of Hastings before the House of Lords, which, I warn you, I have quoted before and shall no doubt quote again: > No man can lawfully govern himself according to his own will—much less can one person be governed by the will of another. We are all born in subjection—all born equally, high and low, governors and governed, in subjection to one great, immutable, preexistent law, prior to all our devices, and prior to all our contrivances, paramount to all our ideas and to all our sensations, antecedent to our very existence, by which we are knit and connected in the eternal frame of the universe, out of which we can not stir. This great law does not arise from our conventions or compacts; on the contrary, it gives to our conventions and compacts all the force and sanction they can have: it does not arise from our vain institutions. Every good gift is of God, all power is of God; and He who has given the power, and from whom alone it originates, will never suffer the exercise of it to be practised upon any less solid foundation than the power itself. If, then, all dominion of man over man is the effect of the divine disposition, it is bound by the eternal laws of Him that gave it, with which no human authority can dispense; neither he that exercises it, nor even those who are subject to it; and, if they were mad enough to make an express compact, that should release their magistrate from 5 his duty, and should declare their lives, liberties and properties, dependent upon, not rules and laws, but his mere capricious will, that covenant would be void. This arbitrary power is not to be had by conquest. Nor can any sovereign have it by succession; for no man can succeed to fraud, rapine, and violence. Those who give and those who receive arbitrary power are alike criminal; and there is no man but is bound to resist it to the best of his power, wherever it shall show its face to the world. Mr. Jefferson couldn't have put it better. Human rights are inalienable --­­ you can't give them away, and when they are taken away there is not only the right of rebellion, but the solemn duty to resist. The difficulty of natural law theory, of course, is in the details. Back in '68 Pope Paul VI had announced that artificial contraception was against the natural law, but this decision did not immediately commend itself to the common sense of many of those who were not subject to his religious authority. I don't mean he was wrong, or that he exceeded his authority, or even that his decision was inopportune. But when the Supreme Court, alarmed by the birthrate of blacks and an end to white domination of the nation and the world, soon mandated abortion on demand, it was all too easy to dismiss arguments in favor of the human being of the embryonic human as religious dogma rather than an honest attempt to think things through. Since then the concept of natural law is often dismissed by feminists and homosexualists (to use Mr. Vidal's eloquent term) as a mere excuse for oppression. It does seem to me, however, that the insistent denial of the very idea of human rights does nothing to advance the liberation of humanity or any part of it. But maybe that's just me. In any case, I don't think America was ever anything like the sort of Catholic nation that, say, Portugal was under the late Dr. Salazar, or is very likely to get there any time soon, despite the best wishes and even efforts of some of my friends. I do think that for a good part of our history a great many people in public life would have said that the words of Burke I have quoted express their most basic political convictions and sentiments as well as anyone ever could, and this puts America right at the center of the great tradition of Western civilization. And this was true long after old Europe had gone down other ways, the ways of the French revolution, the reaction against it, and the nationalism that synthesized the worst of both. To be sure, we have had nationalists here, and have them today, and have preached our crusades to end slavery, make the world safe for democracy, eradicate the evil empire of the moment, but there is, if not always a ringing and uncontested affirmation of civilized values, by which I mean the values of our civilization, at least a powerful nostalgia for them, and a sincere wish that one could believe in them with a good conscience, a good conscience which postmodernist deconstructionism denies us. A good conscience which Joseph Ratzinger Benedict XVI, who has suffered modernity as few of us have and thought more deeply about it, was offering us back. To be perfectly frank, it took the Catholic Church a good long time to recognize the Christian virtues of Enlightenment, even the Scottish one, and Revolution, even the American one. Better late than never. And despite the mantric invocation of John Courtney Murray, the Church in America has not always been on the side of the angels. The theology of the American Church has always been Jansenist, not Catholic, combining the worst of Pelagius and Calvin, making Boston Irish the kissing cousins of Cotton Mather. The American Church never permitted itself to be organized according to canon law because this would limit the despotism of prelates. The American Church refused to acknowledge the priesthood of Eastern Catholics ordained as married men, driving the Catholic Ruthenians into communion with the Patriarch of Moscow (the present Orthodox Church in America), and later blackmailing a bankrupt papacy into forbidding married priests throughout the Western hemisphere, driving a second group of Ruthenians into communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (the present American Carpatho­Russian Orthodox Diocese). They American Cathholic Church wouldn't even allow American women to become real nuns, or foreign nuns to come to America without renouncing their vows. The vast majority of Catholic women called nuns are nothing of the sort, but religious sisters first organized as cheap labor at the beck and call of the clergy, and now loose cannons like the Papessas Mother Angelica and Sister Joan. Yes, one or two real abbeys for women were founded in the last century, but the American Church continues to hold the contemplative life in deepest contempt, even for women. Women religious lead the crusade against contemplative traditions, and now rail against the Church as an organ of worldly power from which they are unjustly excluded. Deprived of traditional spiritual direction, a lamentable number of priests "demythologized" the Faith while looking to worldly culture for a way of salvation. Many found it in the gospel of orgasm, and undertook to liberate the young men in their care by sharing the only joy they thought worth having, with results we see today. Catholic involvement in American public life has not been edifying either. The American bishops turned their backs on Benedict XV's attempt to end the slaughter in the trenches and refused to make any move to bring Woodrow Wilson over to the side of peace. As patriotic Americans, they in effect signed on to the WASP jihad to extirpate the Catholic powers of the Old World. A couple of generations later millions of Catholic schoolchildren were forced to write letters demanding that the Senate not censure that great American Joseph McCarthy, who was probably the Soviet Union's most valuable (presumably unwitting) asset in American public life, who had discredited all responsible criticism of Communism and its supporters by viciously slandering the United States Army, the Department of State, and the Protestant clergy as nests of traitors. Some years later Catholic activists succeeded in driving the voices of moderation out of the Republican Party, and the urban ethnic social conservatives out of the Democratic, and the forms of civility from the public square. Americans can be forgiven for not rushing to enlist in the nearest Roman Catholic parish. There are other conversions needed, perhaps beginning with American Catholics themselves. Back in the days of Reagan a fellow named Alan Bloom made an almost persuasive case that the American Mind was closed to the Great Tradition of Western Civilization, and needed to be reopened. Alas, Bloom was a Neoconservative, a follower of their guru Leo Strauss, and a teacher of a a number of shady operatives of the Program for the New American Century type, as Saul Bellow's last novel so amusingly portrays him. Bloom's Great Tradition was something cobbled together by Machiavelli and others out of the misunderstood shards of ancient paganism; thinkers and writers tainted by the Christian gospel remained under embargo. (Mortimer Adler was less fearful, more intellectually curious, but look where he ended up.) It took a Bavarian Pope to remind us that the basic principles of our cherished hopes of international organization and human rights, and indeed of the American founding itself, go back to the Iberian scholastics of the Catholic Reformation. ("Counter­Reformation" is misleadingly negative.) Benedict's reminder harmonized well with my own studies in the history of philosophy. I began some five decades ago with the riddle, the riddles, of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839­ - 1914), our own and only philosopher to be ranked with the likes of Aristotle and Kant. What was this Common Sense he went on and on about? (The Scottish Philosophy was studiously ignored in the academy; it still is.) As I said, I was lucky to find out. Now John Deely has been showing that any postmodern philosophy worthy of the name, one founded on semeiology rather than Cartesian (or empiricist) methodologism, needs to go back to Peirce and with Peirce back to the very beginnings of the theory of signification as we find them in John Poinsot (1589 ­ 1644). Poinsot, as it happens, is part of the same Iberian Renaissance to which Benedict has now called our attention. Indeed, under another name (John of St. Thomas) Poinsot inspired the neo Thomism of Jacques Maritain which undergirded the Christian Humanism of Paul VI and many other Fathers of the Second Vatican Council. (His treatise on **The Gifts of the Holy Spirit*, as interpreted by theologians often dismissed as too conservative, is behind the rather daring notion that all Christians are called to holiness in this life, and, indeed to the mystical path of acquired contemplation, and thus such more recent developments as Centering Prayer, the World Community for Christian Meditation, and the ommunion and Liberation movement. As if all this were not enough, Murray Rothbard, no Christian he, though personally excommunicated and anathematized by Ayn Rand for not repudiating his openly Christian wife, has argued that the Austrian School of Economics, the Old Liberalism of von Mises and Hayek, goes back not so much to Adam Smith (who missed a few points), as to the scholastic philosophers of Spain and Portugal in the early modern period. Mention Iberian philosophy to the American of average education and he will look at you as though you had spoken of Uzbek grand opera ­­ or (indeed) the Scottish Enlightenment. He might even tell you that Spanish ignorance, superstition, and bigotry are precisely what God sent Englishmen into the New World to stamp out: the *legenda negra*. Needless to say, this is not a view of history a good many newcomers to the United States are likely to tolerate with equanimity, and it is just as well that it isn't true. Once we retire that vulgar prejudice against Hispanidad we might just get a fair hearing for the work of Xavier Zubiri, the only European thinker of the last century who compares with Peirce for breadth of learning and depth of discernment ­­ as well as sheer unadulterated difficulty. If nothing else, the challenge of Catholicity invites Americans to break down the walls of the Anglo­Saxon ghetto, which do not serve us well now, if they ever did. But it may also provoke a new interest in our own Golden Age of (Protestant) theology. Let me set the stage for this with an extended quotation from Joseph Ratzinger's 1977 essay, "Is Faith Really Good News?" (Now translated in Principles of Catholic Theology: > Truth is not always comfortable for man, but it is only truth that makes him free and only freedom that brings him joy. Now, however, we must ask more precisely: What makes a man joyful? What robs him of joy? What puts him at odds with himself? What opens him to himself and to others? When we want to describe the most extreme form of being at odds with existence, we often say of an individual that he does not like himself. But whom or what is he to like who does not like himself? Something very importamt makes its appearance here: egoism, certainly, is natural to man and needs no encouragement; but this is not true of self­acceptance. The former must be overcome; the latter must be discovered, and it is assuredly one of the most dangerous errors of Christian teachers and moralists that they have all too often confused the two and, by exorcizing the affirmation of self, have enabled egoism to avenge such a betrayal by becoming all the more rampant ­­ this, ultimately, of what the French have labeled the maladie catholique: one who wants to live only on the supernatural level and to the exclusion of self will be, in the end, without a self but not, for that reason, selfless. (79) Reading this a day or two after Ratzinger's papification I couldn't help thinking of our own Paul Tillich, whose seminal sermon "You are Accepted" baptized the human potential movement (as it was called), whose *Courage to Be* is a perennial best seller even after half a century, whose *Systematic Theology* Martin Luther King had asked for in his Georgia prison cell, and I myself poured over eagerly as an Earlham undergraduate. Of course the problematic goes back to Kierkegaard's penetrating analysis of despair, and, indeed to Luther's experience of divine wrath and mercy. Now it is all very well to say we must accept our acceptance, somehow (mysticism? art?) so ground ourselves in the very Ground of Being as to powerfully affirm our being against the powers of nonbeing. But is it true? That is the question haunting Tillich, Martin Luther King, and modern American culture down to our own time, which Ratzinger, challenged by Nietzsche and Camus, dared to speak aloud: > We come now to the all­important question: Is it true, then, when someone says to me: "It is good that you exist"? Is it really good? Is it not possible that that person's love, which wills my existence, is just a tragic error? If the love that gives me courage to exist is not based on truth, then I must, in the end, come to curse the love that deceives me that maintains in existence something that were better destroyed. This dilemma could be 10 strikingly illustrated by reference to the interpretations of the contemporary experience of life in Sartre or Camus or in the attitudes of the new Left. Even without such evidence, it is obvious, however, that the apparently so simple act of liking myself, of being at one with myself, actually raises the question of the whole universe It raises the question of truth: Is it good that I exist? Is it good that anything at all exists? is the world good? How many persons today would dare to affirm this question from the heart ­­ to believe it is good that they exist? That is the source of the anxiety and despair that incessantly affect mankind. Love alone is of no avail. It serves no purpose if truth is not on its side. Only when truth and love are in harmony can man know joy. For it is truth that makes man free. (80) And the question of truth won't leave us alone. For Tillich the Christian faith was perhaps a true myth, but, perhaps true only the way that other myths are true. He tended to sacramentalize modern art, leftish politics, and sexual liberation; the president of Union Seminary had to remind him that it looked bad for their most eminent theologian not to go to church. The tragedy of attempting to make a religion of art, politics, or sex is obvious by now, and it as a sad circumstance that the leadership of the American Catholic Church were seminarians at a time when Catholic theology looked to the Protestants for validation, and Tillich was at the height of his prestige in the liberal denominations. The painful story of Tillich's sexual obsessions is now well known enough from his wife's two memoirs, Dr. King's escapades have stained the memory of the civil rights movement as much as his infatuation with the Soviet power, ­­ and the sexual scandals of the American Church are unspeakably worse, blighting the lives of tens (hundreds?) of thousands of children. That is something Benedict, on his recent visit, would not allow us to forget for even a moment. But at least he offers a remedy in that confrontation with the truth of our being which liberal theology, Catholic and Protestant (though perhaps not Orthodox),attempted to evade: > The content of the Christian evangelium reads: God finds man so important that he himself has suffered for man. The Cross, which was for Nietzche the most detestable expression of the negative character of the Christian religion, is in truth the center of the evangelium, the glad tidings: "It is good that you exist" ­­ No, "It is necessary that you exist." The Cross is the approbation of our existence, not in words, but in an act so completely radical that it caused God to become flesh and pierced this flesh to the quick; that, to God, it was worth the death of his incarnate Son. One who is so loved that the other identifies his life with this love and no longer desires to live if he is deprived of it; one who is loved even unto death ­­ such a one knows that he is truly loved. But if God so loves, then we are loved in truth. Then love is truth, and truth is love. Then life is worth living. This is the evangelium. (81) The whole idea of the Cross as God's affirmation of man will strike many an American as shocking, ludicrous even. It the ca­ross not the stock in trade of a thousand "evangelists" as the ultimate proof of our total depravity, the ultimate refutation of all aspirations for human freedom and dignity? Surely Nietzsche got that from his preacher father, though it is hard to find any such slander of humanity in either the written scriptures or the teaching of the Fathers of the Church (except for Augustine, and that on a bad day he later repented). I am happy to note that Ratzinger's point of view, scriptural, patristic, and Benedictine in every sense of the term is very close to what some in the Evangelical churches are calling "gracious Christianity," for that is what it is. That movement is still a prophetic minority in the churches and the academy, and we still need to come to terms with the main stream of American spirituality as represented, for better and worse, by Tillich. And Ratzinger, even in his early days as a professor, has given us the means to do just that. Not everything in the American theological mainstream, and not everything in Tillich, needs to be discarded wholesale. A follower of Ratiznger's good friend Don Liugi Giussani who studies Tillich's theology will find close analogies between Tillich's method of correlation and the principle of correspondence which Giussani urged on members of the Communion and Liberation movement he founded, a movement in which the Ratzinger Pope (to use the Catholic in­jargon) takes more than a passing interest ­­ he is said even now to take part in a weekly School of Community in which movement people use that method to explore the meaning of the Gospel in relation to their own day to day lives, and the meaning of their lives in relation to the Gospel, though his episcopal orders forbid his formal membership in the Fraternity. I do not mean to imply that Benedict is a follower of Giussani in matters of pure theology, but it seems clear that he recognizes Giussani's method as the best practical application of the theological principles both men learned from such masters of La Nouvelle Theologie as de Lubac, von Balthasar, and (with reservations) Rahner. But before I move away from the idea of correspondence, the method of correlation, I should mention that this became the life work of two American philosophers, Ira Progoff, with whom and with whose students I was privileged to do postdoctoral work, and Eugene Gendlin, both known as psychologists for the contributions they have made to psychology, who offer what I can only describe as means of spiritual direction. The few folks who remember Tillich today often contrast him with Reinhold Niebuhr, his colleague at Union, who inspired the Cold war mainstream much as Tillich inspired the New Left, and whom Don Gius was fond of quoting. But the man to rediscover is Reinhold's brother Richard, a theologian's theologian, that is, one whose writings were never taken up by the movers and shakers of middlebrow culture. His *Meaning of Revelation* shows the kind of emphasis the Catholic Church in Europe is coming around to, or coming back to, as it is very much in the spirit of the Fathers of the Church, the Eastern Fathers in particular. For many of us what may be most prophetic in his life work is his refusal of the temptation of neo­conservatism to which Reinhold gave in to his fame and profit. Reinhold ostentatiously resigned from the Fellowship of Reconciliation in the early '30s in righteous indignation that some Christians did not demand that the government do something (what?) about the Japanese in China. Richard, on the other hand, had no hope for the efficacy of political, economic, and military power exercised by the United States against Japan. Sensing that Western Christendom was going the way of old Rome, he thought that the best Christian response was that pioneered by St. Benedict, from whom of course among others the last pontiff took his name. For him the issue was not Japan against China, or the United States against Japan, but, to cite the title of a 1935 book to which he contributed, *The Church Against the World*. A few years later Dietrich von Hildebrand, in his villa in Florence, was giving the retreats later published as *Transformation in Christ* to Christian activists who intended to remain behind in Nazi Germany to keep the light of Christian civilization burning in that dark time, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer would take refuge with the Benedictines in his own effort to do the same. A few pages before the long passage I have quoted, Ratzinger's *Principles of Catholic Theology* gives a lengthy exegesis of Hildebrand's text as the model for Christian repentance. I can't help wondering if this forbidden book is one that his father had hidden around the house, as Evangelicals might have concealed Bonhoeffer's *Cost of Discipleship*. Discipleship and transformation are not matters of effortful striving, but the response to a calling which is a revelation. Richard ­­ is particularly enlightening on revelation as calling. He shows that it is not the communication of some kind of knowldege, however supernatural or esoteric, by possession of which we are justified, elevated from the companionship of our neighbors, saved from the world; that would be Gnosticism. Rather, revelation is participation in an ongoing event, a relationship with a person previously unknown, or at least unrecognized. Some words toward the end of *The Meaning of Revelation* put the matter thus: > Revelation means the moment in our history through which we know ourselves to be known from beginning to end, in which we are apprehended by the knower; it means the the self­disclosure of the judge. Revelation means that we find ourselves to be valued rather than valuing and that all our values are transvaluated by the activity of a universal valuer. When a price is put upon our heads, which is not our price, when the unfairness of all the fair prices we have placed on things is shown up, when the great riches of God reduce our wealth to poverty, that is revelation. When we find out that we are no longer thinking him, but that he first thought us, that is revelation. Revelation is the emergence of the person on whose external garments and body we had looked as objects of our masterful and curious understanding. Revelation means that in our common history the fate that lowers over us as persons in our communities reveals itself to be a person in community with us. What this means for us cannot be expressed in the impersonal ways of creeds or other propositions but only in responsive acts of a personal character. we acknowledge revelation by no third person proposition, such as that there is a God, but only in the direct confession of the heart, "Thou art my God."... From this point forward we must listen for the remembered voice in all the sounds that assail our ears, and look for the remembered activity in all the actions of the world upon us. The God who reveals himself in Jesus Christ is now trusted and known in the contemporary God, revealing himself in every event, but we do not understand how we could tract his working in these happenings if he did not make himself known to us through the memory of Jesus Christ; nor do we know how we should be able to interpret all the words we read as words of God save by the aid of this Rosetta stone. (80 -­ 81) Catholics who remember the discourses of the Pope Benedict will find the flavor of this passage very Benedictine ­­ in both senses of the term. Those who follow the way of Luigi Giussani find their spirit particularly familiar, for those of them who live in community, including the little band that managed Benedict's household and conduct the School of Community he attended, are known precisely as *Memores Domini*, those who strive to keep the Lord constantly in mind, and allow their own memory and mindfulness, personal and collective, painful and pleasing, on the surface of association or deeply hidden, to be transformed by their relationship with God in Christ, their participation in the ongoing incarnation of the Word of God: the God who is the author of our nature, and an incarnation that runs to meet the deepest desire of that nature with more that could have been imagined. What this means in the experience of living our life is well stated at the conclusion of Niebuhr's great work: > The God who reveals himself in Jesus Christ meets no unresponsive will but the living spirit of men in search of all good. And he fulfills our need. Here is the one for whose sake all life and every life is worth living, even lives that seem bereft of beauty, of truth and of goodness. The glimpse of his great glory in the face of Jesus Christ, its reflections in the darkened mirrors of the saints' adorations intimate a God who is good beyond all that is good and fair beyond all fairness. Yet the goodness that shines upon us through the moment of revelation is not the glory or the goodness we had expected in our thoughts about deity. The essential goodness of the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ is the simple everyday goodness of love ­­ the value which belongs to a person rather [than] the value we find in an idea or a pattern; it is the goodness which exists as pure activity. He fulfills our expectation of the intrinsic good and yet this adorable goodness differs from everything we had expected, and puts our expectations to shame. We sought a good to love and were found by a good that loved us. And therewith all our religious ambitions are brought low, all our desires to be ministers of God are humbled; he is our minister. By that revelation we are convicted of having corrupted our religious life through our unquenchable desire to keep ourselves with our love of our good in the center of the picture. Here is the goodness that empties itself, and makes itself of no reputation, a goodness that is all outgoing, reserving nothing for itself, yet having all things. So we must begin to rethink all our definitions of deity and convert all our worship and our prayers. Revelation is not the development and not the elimination of our natural religion; it is the revolution of the religious life. (98 -­ 99) But what does all this mean to one who stands outside the light of revelation, who relies on the reason of Western Civilization, the common sense of the founding Fathers? If believers and unbelievers are to take part in one community, what do we have to say to each other? This is the point of Benedict's challenge to the Muslim world, the question of what could make the libertine Doctor Franklin and the evangelical President Witherspoon active participants in the same foundational dialog. Niebuhr has an answer, and it is the same answer as Benedict: > The pure reason does not need to be limited in order that room be made for faith, but faith emancipates the pure reason from the necessity of defending and guarding the interests of selves, which are now found to be established and guarded, not by nature, but by the God of revelation whose garment nature is. (91 ­- 92) It is faith that liberates and, indeed, inspires us to invent, develop, explore, and test scientific understandings which would otherwise be too much for the vain imaginings of our all too human hearts: > To know the person is to lose all sense of shame because of kinship with the clod and the ape. The mind is freed to pursue its knowledge of the external world disinterestedly not by the conviction that nothing matters, but by the faith that nothing God has made is mean or unclean. Hence any failure of Christians to develop scientific knowledge of the world is not an indication of their loyalty to the revealed God but of their unbelief. (90 -­ 91) Seven going on eight decades after these words were published, ministers of "religion" are still attempting to prevent the teaching of ascertained facts of human biology in order to retain the authority of their own stupidly selectively literalistic reading of the Bible; some of the more advanced institutions of Evangelical learning defiantly profess a form of Calvinism in which some sort of theology remains the queen of the sciences in an unconstitutional monarchy, with no other discipline permitted its own proper autonomy and integrity; while in more numerous groves of Academus, even the Roman Catholic plantations, men and women of faith are quickly brushed off as obvious enemies of intellect. My own mother, as I have said already, doubted that you can be a good Catholic and a real American at the same time. Pope Benedict warned his flock that they will not be good Catholics until they are Americans to the extent of acknowledging the law of nature and of nations as developed by Victoria (among others, some of them Scots), and aspiring to live in local, regional national and international communities under that law, in which the freedom and dignity of the human person are given the first priority. On the other hand I do not see how we can be real Americans without realizing that the aspirations of 1776 and 1789 are grounded in that natural law, and grew up as the fruit of a civilization in which the reason of Greece and Rome reached full maturity in the care of Mother Church, a church whose members, including the hierarchy, were not always consistently faithful to it, calling forth reformations, enlightenments, and even revolutions. I think we must all be Catholic at least in the wider sense of loyalty to that civilization, and our best way may well be to reappropriate the riches of the golden age of American philosophy and theology, of which the work of H. Richard Niebuhr is a small but important part. Sources quoted: Edmund Burke, Impeachment of Warren Hastings before the House of Lords (numerous editions), eighth day. Joseph Ratzinger, *Principles of Catholic Theology*. San Fransisco: Ignatius, 1987. H. Richard Niebuhr, *The Meaning of Revelation* [1941]. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006. &copy; FP Purcell

@ 6d84a267:363633f5

**My everyday activity**sfsd This template is just for demo needs. ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ 9c444542:1b6458b1

**My everyday activity** This template is just for demo needs. ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ 907e4623:f40ff12a

gm for the first **AFK** article in our Nostr client.  Try it here: [https://afk-community.xyz]() Building a fully OSS Nostr client, called AFK for Aligned Fam Kernel. We aims to be a all-in-one platform for Bitcoin and also ETH ecosystem compatible using Starknet We build also a native Cashu Wallet and a Ethereum integration with **Starknet and smooth Lightning network payment using STRK** *Building until WAGMI* * Improve UI * Cashu wallet * LN payment * Starknet integrated * When Best OSS Nostr client cross app

@ 907e4623:f40ff12a

gm for the first **AFK** article in our Nostr client. Try it here: [https://afk-community.xyz]() Building a fully OSS Nostr client, called AFK for Aligned Fam Kernel. We aims to be a all-in-one platform for Bitcoin and also ETH ecosystem compatible using Starknet *Building until WAGMI* * Improve UI * Cashu wallet * LN payment * Starknet integrated * When Best OSS Nostr client cross app

@ 907e4623:f40ff12a