@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Let's see if @Car can find the episode link this week! (Nobody tell him)

We're mid-NFL draft right now, but it will be in the books by the time we record. So far, we're happy with our teams' picks. How long will that last?

The other big thing on our radar is the ongoing playoffs in the NBA and NHL. We both have lots of thoughts on the NBA, but I'll need someone to walk me through what's happening in the NHL. I can tell it must be wild, from how the odds are swinging around.

In MLB news, I'm locked in a fierce battle with @NEEDcreations for the top spot in our fantasy league, while @grayruby and @supercyclone are in a domestic civil war. Will we have time to actually talk baseball or will we recycle the same tease from last week?

Of course, we'll sprinkle in territory talk and contest updates as we go, plus whatever else stackers want to hear about.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/958590

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

直车对横车 的概念

顺炮直车对横车：红方出直车（车一平二），黑方出横车（车 9 进 1），这是顺炮布局中常见的一种变化。红方直车可以快速出动，威胁黑方右翼，黑方横车则可以灵活调动，根据局势选择进攻或防守的方向。后续可能会出现红方进车过河压马，黑方出炮封车等变化，双方展开激烈的争夺。

顺炮直车对横车布局体系主要有以下分类：

1. 古典攻法
   • 顺炮过河车对横车：红车一平二后车二进六过河，以强硬攻势迅速压制黑方阵营。
   • 顺炮缓补士对横车：红出直车后不急于补士（士四进五缓出） ，依黑方行棋灵活选择攻防策略。
   • 顺炮跳边马对横车：红马八进九上边马，平炮通车平衡两翼子力，防止黑卒3进1争先，着法稳健。
2. “胡氏双正马”攻法
   • 顺炮直车进三兵对横车挺3卒：红进三兵、黑挺3卒形成牵制，红可借马三进四等手段跃马进攻。
   • 顺炮直车进三兵对横车跳边马：红进三兵后，针对黑边马位置，以炮八平七等手段威胁黑方马获取局面优势。
   • 顺炮直车进七兵对横车：红进七兵，黑车9平4后，红可选择车二进四巡河或车二进六过河等不同进攻战术。
   • 顺炮直车“两头蛇”对双横车：红兵三进一、兵七进一构成“两头蛇”阵，与黑方双横车激烈争夺，红借双兵推进掌控空间，黑寻机反击。
3. 其他常见变化
   • 正马三兵与黑右肋车的攻防对抗；正马应对黑挺3卒的局面变化。
   • 正马三兵对阵黑肋车边马；“两头蛇”阵势迎战黑双横车的局势博弈。
   • 正马三兵对黑方马后藏车；“两头蛇”对黑正马边炮的局势发展。
   • 红方正马左士应对黑右肋车；红方采用巡河车、五六炮的布局变化，以及双正马进七兵分别对黑正马、右肋车的局面策略 。

以下按照天天象棋棋谱整理的8种变化，这些变化有些大同小异。 最后都类似。

车二进六的变化（82）

顺炮横车破直车弃马001

棋谱链接

====棋局开始* 1.炮二平五 炮８平５
2.马二进三
马８进７
3.车一进一
车９平８
4.车一平六
车８进６

5.车六进七
马２进１
6.车九进一 炮２进７

7.炮八进五 马７退８

8.炮五进四 士６进５
9.车九平六
将５平６
10.前车进一 士５退４

11.车六平四
炮５平６
12.车四进六 将６平５
13.炮八平五

双正马三兵 变化（2202）

兵三进一 （473）

马八进九 （179）

红正马五六炮式（171）

兵七进一 （74）

红正马巡河车式（73）

士四进五（55）

@ b80cc5f2:966b8353

Originally posted on 04/12/2024 @ https://music.2140art.com/bitcoins-role-in-the-new-music-economy-more-than-an-ecosystem/

The phrase “New Music Economy” seems to be popping up more frequently lately. It caught our attention recently when we noticed others using it to describe shifts in the music industry—more control for artists, fewer intermediaries, and innovative tools for direct fan engagement.

Initially, we were intrigued but sceptical. What they described didn’t quite feel like a true economy. Was it really something new, or just a repackaging of old systems with modern tools?

This curiosity led us to dig deeper. We came across some of the term’s earliest uses, including a 2007 report titled “Social Interactions in the New Music Economy“ and a 2008 blog post by venture capitalist Fred Wilson. Both framed the “New Music Economy” as a reaction to the traditional industry’s inefficiencies and barriers, championing decentralisation and direct artist-to-fan relationships.

Fred Wilson, for instance, described the “New Music Economy” as an era where artists could bypass labels and connect directly with fans via platforms like SoundCloud, Bandcamp, and Kickstarter. While groundbreaking at the time, these solutions still relied heavily on legacy financial systems. The flow of value was streamlined, but the underlying economic structure—centralised payment processors, fiat currencies, and reliance on intermediaries—remained intact.

This made us realise something important: without fundamentally rethinking the financial layer, what we’ve seen as the “New Music Economy” is really just a better ecosystem. Bitcoin, however, has the potential to transform it into a true economy.

What Defines an Economy?

An economy isn’t just a system—it’s an infrastructure for creating, exchanging, and preserving value. Historically, the “New Music Economy” has been more about redistributing control than reinventing the infrastructure itself. Platforms like Spotify or Patreon help artists reach audiences and earn money, but they remain bound by centralised, fiat-based frameworks.

Fred Wilson and others rightly pointed out that artists no longer need gatekeepers like major labels. But what was left unsaid is that they’re still beholden to payment processors, inflationary currencies, and the rules of the traditional financial system.

Take, for instance, the concept of “fairness” in royalties. Artists rely on complex systems managed by labels and platforms to determine how much they’re owed. This creates an inherent opacity, and disputes over unpaid royalties or missing revenue streams are common.

And let’s not forget geography. Artists in emerging markets are often excluded from the global music economy due to a lack of accessible payment systems or expensive remittance fees.

This is where Bitcoin steps in to change the equation.

Bitcoin: The Financial Layer the Music Industry Needs?

Bitcoin does more than streamline payments—it replaces the entire financial layer with one that’s decentralised, global, and incorruptible. Here’s how it transforms the “New Music Economy” into something truly new:

• Censorship Resistance: With Bitcoin, artists can receive payments directly, bypassing platforms that can freeze or block funds (a real risk with PayPal, Patreon, or even banks). This is especially vital for artists in politically or economically unstable regions.
• Global Accessibility: Fans can support artists without worrying about remittance fees, currency conversions, or banking infrastructure. Bitcoin opens up a global marketplace for music.
• Deflationary Currency: Unlike fiat, Bitcoin isn’t subject to inflation. What an artist earns today won’t lose value tomorrow—it may even appreciate, making it a reliable store of value for long-term financial stability.
• Immutable Royalties: Bitcoin’s programmable nature allows for smart contracts. Artists can automate royalty splits and ensure they’re paid instantly and transparently whenever their work is sold or streamed.

Imagine a world where every time a song is streamed, payment flows instantly and directly to the artist, producers, and collaborators. No waiting months for a royalty cheque, no confusing statements, and no middlemen taking a cut.

Fred Wilson’s vision of artists controlling their own destinies was ahead of its time. But Bitcoin takes it a step further, addressing the economic shortcomings of platforms by creating a financial system that artists and fans can truly own.

Expanding the Vision with Real-World Examples

Let’s look at a practical scenario. An independent artist uploads their music to a decentralised streaming platform powered by Bitcoin. Every stream automatically triggers a micropayment through the Lightning Network, or other Bitcoin Layer 2’s splitting revenue between the artist and their collaborators according to a smart contract. Fans can also tip directly, sending Bitcoin with no middleman fees or delays.

Or consider an artist in a country with hyperinflation. Without access to stable banking systems, their earnings in local currency rapidly lose value. With Bitcoin, they have a deflationary currency that retains its worth, empowering them to support their craft sustainably.

For fans, Bitcoin creates new opportunities to engage directly with their favourite artists. Imagine buying concert tickets or exclusive content directly from an artist’s website using Bitcoin, without the inflated fees of ticketing platforms.

This approach isn’t just theoretical. Platforms exploring decentralised music solutions are already experimenting with these concepts, hinting at the vast potential of a truly Bitcoin-powered music industry.

The even further takeaway is that deeper-diving musicians, who understand the importance of running and operating their own Bitcoin nodes, never have to trust any platforms whatsoever with uploads either. Through protocols like V4V and Podcasting 2.0, musicians could in fact keep all of their masters on their own hard drive or server and stream them across every major platform with a feed.

Just these things at the tip of the iceberg with Bitcoin already brings being both the platform and the payment processor directly into the hands of the artists themselves; the bonus is that they can also be on every streaming platform at the same time without ever signing up to or involving another entity.

Without Bitcoin, It’s Just a System Upgrade

Let’s be honest: without Bitcoin, the “New Music Economy” doesn’t quite live up to its name. It’s still reliant on intermediaries—banks, payment processors, and fiat currencies—that introduce friction, fees, and vulnerabilities.

Sure, platforms like Patreon or Bandcamp make it easier for artists to earn, but they’re not fundamentally changing how value flows. It’s more accurate to call this a “New Music Ecosystem”—an improvement but still tethered to the old system.

Bitcoin flips the narrative. It removes gatekeepers entirely, enabling a direct, censorship-resistant, and inflation-proof flow of value between artists and fans. It’s not just a tool for payments; it’s the foundation of a new, decentralised financial infrastructure.

A Revolutionary Shift, or New Music Economy?

Fred Wilson’s early vision and the 2007 discussions around the “New Music Economy” planted the seeds for artist empowerment. But Bitcoin brings those ideas to their logical conclusion, creating a truly global and sovereign economic framework for music.

So, is the term “New Music Economy” overused or misunderstood? Without Bitcoin, it might be. But with Bitcoin, we’re looking at something genuinely revolutionary—an economy that finally lives up to its promise.

The question now is: are we ready to embrace it?

@ 6ce88a1e:4cb7fe62

Ist gut für Brot.

Brot für Brüder

Fleisch für mich

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Bird story 4

This is a test post, 5-600 characters, no md or html. Should become kind 30023.

Dawn Sparrow flitted over dewy grass, eyes sharp for a wriggling worm. The meadow hummed with life, but her quarry hid well. She hopped, pecked, and tilted her head, listening for the faintest squirm. A rustle! Her beak darted into soft earth, pulling up a plump worm. Triumph! She soared to her nest, breakfast secured, as the sun warmed the fields. Her chicks chirped, eager for the meal. Dawn’s keen hunt ensured their strength, a small victory in the endless dance of survival. Each day, she’d search again, tireless, for the worms that sustained her family’s song.

---

Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@hostr/bird-story-4

Cross-posted using Hostr at https://github.com/crrdlx/hostr, version 0.0.1

@ 6b3780ef:221416c8

We have been working on a significant update to the DVMCP specification to incorporate the latest Model Context Protocol (MCP) version 2025-03-26, and it's capabilities. This draft revision represents our vision for how MCP services can be discovered, accessed, and utilized across the Nostr network while maintaining compatibility between both protocols.

Expanding Beyond Tools

The first version of the DVMCP specification focused primarily on tools, functions that could be executed remotely via MCP servers. While this provided valuable functionality, the Model Context Protocol offers more capabilities than just tools. In our proposed update, DVMCP would embrace the complete MCP capabilities framework. Rather than focusing solely on tools, the specification will incorporate resources (files and data sources that can be accessed by clients) and prompts (pre-defined templates for consistent interactions). This expansion transforms DVMCP into a complete framework for service interoperability between protocols.

Moving Toward a More Modular Architecture

One of the most significant architectural changes in this draft is our move toward a more modular event structure. Previously, we embedded tools directly within server announcements using NIP-89, creating a monolithic approach that was challenging to extend.

The updated specification introduces dedicated event kinds for server announcements (31316) and separate event kinds for each capability category. Tools, resources, and prompts would each have their own event kinds (31317, 31318, and 31319 respectively). This separation improves both readability and interoperability between protocols, allowing us to support pagination for example, as described in the MCP protocol. It also enables better filtering options for clients discovering specific capabilities, allows for more efficient updates when only certain capabilities change, and enhances robustness as new capability types can be added with minimal disruption.

Technical Direction

The draft specification outlines several technical improvements worth highlighting. We've worked to ensure consistent message structures across all capability types and created a clear separation of concerns between Nostr metadata (in tags) and MCP payloads (in content). The specification includes support for both public server discovery and direct private server connections, comprehensive error handling aligned with both protocols, and detailed protocol flows for all major operations.

Enhancing Notifications

Another important improvement in our design is the redesign of the job feedback and notification system. We propose to make event kind 21316 (ephemeral). This approach provides a more efficient way to deliver status updates, progress information, and interactive elements during capability execution without burdening relays with unnecessary storage requirements.

This change would enable more dynamic interactions between clients and servers, particularly for long-running operations.

Seeking Community Feedback

We're now at a stage where community input would be highly appreciated. If you're interested in DVMCP, we'd greatly appreciate your thoughts on our approach. The complete draft specification is available for review, and we welcome your feedback through comments on our pull request at dvmcp/pull/18. Your insights and suggestions will help us refine the specification to better serve the needs of the community.

Looking Ahead

After gathering and incorporating community feedback, our next step will be updating the various DVMCP packages to implement these changes. This will include reference implementations for both servers (DVMCP-bridge) and clients (DVMCP-discovery).

We believe this proposed update represents a significant step forward for DVMCP. By embracing the full capabilities framework of MCP, we're expanding what's possible within the protocol while maintaining our commitment to open standards and interoperability.

Stay tuned for more updates as we progress through the feedback process and move toward implementation. Thank you to everyone who has contributed to the evolution of DVMCP, and we look forward to your continued involvement.

@ 3de5f798:31faf8b0

111111

This template is just for demo needs.

petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ 0001cbad:c91c71e8

As is well known, mathematics is a form of logic — that is, it is characterized by the ability to generate redundancy through manifestations in space. Mathematics is unrestricted from the human perspective, since it is what restricts us; it is descriptive rather than explanatory, unlike physics, chemistry, biology, etc. You can imagine a world without physics, chemistry, or biology in terms of how these occur, but you cannot conceive of a world without mathematics, because you are before you do anything. In other words, it encompasses all possibilities.

You may be left without an explanation, but never without a description. Lies can be suggested with mathematics — you can write that “5+2=8,” but we know that’s wrong, because we are beings capable of manipulating it. Explanations are not necessary; it stands on its own. It is somewhat irreverent in its form, and this elicits its truth.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

An interesting way to think about mathematics is that it consists of “points,” where the only variation is their position. It is possible to conceive of a drastically different world, no matter how it differs, but we can only treat them as such because they are the same — except for their location. That is, the creation of a plane becomes possible. This leads us to infer that mathematics is the decoupling of space-time, allowing one to play emperor. In this sense, something that is independent of time can be considered as an a priori truth.

As Wittgenstein put it:

Death is not an event in life: we do not live to experience death. If we take eternity not as an infinite temporal duration but as timelessness, then eternal life belongs to those who live in the present. We can summarize what has been said so far using the following logic:

We are limited by time. You, as a being, can only be in one place at a given moment. Mathematics is independent of time. Therefore, its elements (points) encompass all locations simultaneously. If its elements exist throughout all logical space at once, mathematics transcends time; and if things vary according to time, then mathematics is sovereign. Thus, the point is this: since nothing distinguishes one point from another except position, a point can become another as long as it has a location. That is, it only requires the use of operators to get there.

Operators = act

To clarify: there is no such thing as a distance of zero, because it does not promote redundancy. It’s as if the condition for something to qualify as a mathematical problem is that it must be subject to redundancy — in other words, it must be capable of being formulated.

An interesting analogy is to imagine yourself as an omnipresent being, but with decentralized “consciousness,” that is, corresponding to each location where your “self” is. Therefore, people anywhere in the world could see you. Given that, when you inhibit the possibility of others seeing you — in a static world, except for yours — nothing happens; this is represented by emptiness, because there is no relationship of change. It is the pure state, the nakedness of logic, its breath.

You, thinking of your girlfriend, with whom you’ve just had an argument, see a woman walking toward you. From a distance, she resembles her quite a lot. But as she gets closer, you suddenly see that it isn’t her, and your heart sinks. Subtext: You are alive.

Diving deeper, “0” stands to redundancy as frustration stands to “life”; both are the negation of a manifestation of potential — of life. Yet they are fundamental, because if everything is a manifestation of potential, what value does it have if there is nothing to oppose it?

Corollary: There are multiple locations — and this configuration is the condition for redundancy, since for something to occupy another position, it must have one to begin with, and zero represents this.

A descriptive system

The second part of this essay aims to relate mathematics to what allows it to be framed as a “marker” of history: uncertainty — and also its role as an interface through which history unfolds.

From a logical assumption, you cannot claim the nonexistence of the other, because to deny it is to deny yourself.

As Gandalf said:

Many that live deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be too eager to deal out death in judgment. The issue is that we are obsessed with the truth about how the human experience should be — which is rather pathological, given that this experience cannot be echoed unless it is coupled with a logical framework coherent with life, with the factors that bathe it. That is, a logically coherent civilizational framework must be laced with both mathematics and uncertainty. We can characterize this as a descriptive plane, because it does not induce anything — it merely describes what happens.

Thus, an explanatory framework can be seen as one that induces action, since an explanation consists of linking one thing to another.

A descriptive framework demands a decentralized system of coordination, because for a story to be consistent, it must be inexpressible in its moments (temporal terms) and yet encompass them all. A valid analogy: History = blockchain.

To be part of history, certainty must outweigh uncertainty — and whoever offers that certainty must take on a corresponding uncertainty. Pack your things and leave; return when you have something to offer. That is the line of history being built, radiating life.

Legitimacy of Private Property

As previously woven, there is something that serves as a precondition for establishing conformity between the real plane and the mathematical one — the latter being subordinate to the logical, to life itself. The existence of the subject (will/consciousness) legitimizes property, for objects cannot, by principle, act systematically — that is, praxeological. It makes no sense to claim that something incapable of deliberate action possesses something that is not inherently comprehensible to it as property, since it is not a subject. An element of a set has as its property the existence within one or more sets — that is, its existence, as potential, only occurs through handling.

The legitimacy of private property itself is based on the fact that for someone to be the original proprietor of something, there must be spatiotemporal palpability between them, which is the mold of the world. Therefore, private property is a true axiom, enabling logical deductions that allow for human flourishing.

@ ed4881db:a54b57e2

Opinion about Blofin (iphone)

I must express my heartfelt gratitude to juliana_phil 232 (@) gmail com  , a certified expert in Bitcoin Recovery Services and a private licensed investigator who helped me recover my scammed funds. My wife and I were duped by an online scammer who claimed to be professional and expert in the field of Crypto investments. I had invested our savings pounds totaling $623,400 in Crypto. After the con scammed us, I was left stranded and had to tirelessly look in search of a Crypto recovery Service to have my funds recovered. I was lucky enough i came across the Juliana phil team . After explaining my case to the expert, I only had to be patient and in a span of 72hrs all my funds were recovered back to my wallet.Thankyou the juliana phil for your top notch services to have my funds recovered back.Contact info; Whatsapp (+1---76--2)--3 -8 -1--9 -6--0 -3Mail address (juliana_phil _232 (@) gmail _com )  

WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion

Join the conversation!

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

Introduction to Bitcoin Education in Elementary Schools

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in incorporating financial education in schools. This has been a step towards preparing children for a financially secure future. One aspect of financial education that is gradually gaining attention is Bitcoin education. Bitcoin, being a decentralized digital currency, has been a revolutionary concept that has disrupted traditional finance. Incorporating Bitcoin education in elementary schools will equip children with the necessary knowledge and skills to understand and utilize digital currencies in the future.

The Benefits of Incorporating Bitcoin in Elementary School Curriculum

Incorporating Bitcoin education in elementary schools has numerous benefits. Firstly, it opens up the world of finance and technology to children, introducing them to new and exciting opportunities. It also teaches children the basics of financial literacy, helping them understand how to manage their money and make informed financial decisions. Moreover, it helps children understand the value of money, how it can be saved, invested, and used to purchase goods and services. Bitcoin education in elementary schools also prepares children for the future, equipping them with the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive in a rapidly changing world.

Implementing Bitcoin Education in Elementary Schools

Implementing Bitcoin education in elementary schools can be done in a variety of ways. Teachers can incorporate interactive lessons and activities that help children understand the concept of Bitcoin and digital currencies. They can also use educational games and simulations to make the lessons engaging and interactive. Another option is to invite industry experts to speak to the students, providing them with a real-world perspective on the use and importance of digital currencies.

The Future of Bitcoin and Its Impact on Young Minds

Bitcoin is a rapidly growing technology that has the potential to change the world. By introducing children to Bitcoin education, we are preparing them for a future where digital currencies will play an increasingly important role. As a result, these young minds will be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to understand, utilize, and contribute to this rapidly changing world. Furthermore, as they grow up, they will be more likely to support and adopt digital currencies, leading to a more widespread adoption and integration of this innovative technology.

Conclusion

In conclusion, incorporating Bitcoin education in elementary schools is an important step towards preparing children for a financially secure future. By introducing children to the basics of financial literacy and digital currencies, we are equipping them with the necessary knowledge and skills to understand and utilize this rapidly changing technology. This will not only benefit the children but also the world at large, as it will lead to a more widespread adoption and integration of this innovative technology.

FAQs

What is Bitcoin education in elementary schools about? Bitcoin education in elementary schools aims to introduce children to the concept of digital currencies and financial literacy.

Why is it important to incorporate Bitcoin education in elementary schools? It is important to incorporate Bitcoin education in elementary schools because it opens up the world of finance and technology to children, prepares them for the future, and teaches them the basics of financial literacy.

How can Bitcoin education be implemented in elementary schools? Bitcoin education can be implemented in elementary schools through interactive lessons, educational games, simulations, and inviting industry experts to speak to students.

What are the benefits of incorporating Bitcoin education in elementary schools? The benefits of incorporating Bitcoin education in elementary schools include introducing children to new opportunities, teaching financial literacy, and preparing them for a rapidly changing environment.

That's all for today

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@ cff1720e:15c7e2b2

Erich Kästner  (1899-1974) ist den meisten bekannt als erfolgreicher Kinderbuchautor, “Emil und die Detektive”, “Das fliegende Klassenzimmer”, und andere mehr. Als Teilnehmer des ersten Weltkriegs und Zeitzeuge des zweiten, hat er auch zahlreiche aufrüttelnde Gedichte gegen den Krieg geschrieben. \ \ Stimmen aus dem Massengrab\ Verdun, viele Jahre später\ Große Zeiten\ \ „Das entscheidende Erlebnis war natürlich meine Beschäftigung als Kriegsteilnehmer. Wenn man 17-jährig eingezogen wird, und die halbe Klasse ist schon tot, weil bekanntlich immer zwei Jahrgänge ungefähr in einer Klasse sich überlappen, ist man noch weniger Militarist als je vorher. Und eine dieser Animositäten, eine dieser Gekränktheiten eines jungen Menschen, eine der wichtigsten, war die Wut aufs Militär, auf die Rüstung, auf die Schwerindustrie.“

Auf den Schlachtfeldern von Verdun\ wachsen Leichen als Vermächtnis.\ Täglich sagt der Chor der Toten:\ „Habt ein besseres Gedächtnis!"

Offensichtlich funktioniert das kollektive Gedächtnis nicht so gut, wenn solch plumpe Kriegshetzer in alberner Verkleidung sich plötzlich wieder großer Beliebtheit erfreuen.

"Die Ereignisse von 1933 bis 1945 hätten spätestens 1928 bekämpft werden müssen. Später war es zu spät. Man darf nicht warten, bis der Freiheitskampf Landesverrat genannt wird. Man darf nicht warten, bis aus dem Schneeball eine Lawine geworden ist. Man muss den rollenden Schneeball zertreten. Die Lawine hält keiner mehr auf."

So wird eine friedliebende Gesellschaft systematisch in eine militaristische transformiert. Was wird der Titel der nächsten Sondersendung sein: "wollt ihr den totalen Krieg"?

„Erst wenn die Mutigen klug und die Klugen mutig geworden sind, wird das zu spüren sein, was irrtümlicherweise schon oft festgestellt wurde: ein Fortschritt der Menschheit.“ 

Höchste Zeit den Mut zu entwickeln sich dem Massenwahn zu widersetzen um das Unheil zu verhindern. Zwei Weltkriege haben Deutschland schwer geschadet, ein Dritter würde es auslöschen. Erinnern wir uns an Karthago, bevor es zu spät ist!

Kennst Du das Land, wo die Kanonen blühn?\ Du kennst es nicht? Du wirst es kennenlernen!\ Dort stehn die Prokuristen stolz und kühn\ in den Büros, als wären es Kasernen.

Dort wachsen unterm Schlips Gefreitenknöpfe. \ Und unsichtbare Helme trägt man dort.\ Gesichter hat man dort, doch keine Köpfe.\ Und wer zu Bett geht, pflanzt sich auch schon fort!

Wenn dort ein Vorgesetzter etwas will \ - und es ist sein Beruf etwas zu wollen -\ steht der Verstand erst stramm und zweitens still.\ Die Augen rechts! Und mit dem Rückgrat rollen!

Die Kinder kommen dort mit kleinen Sporen \ und mit gezognem Scheitel auf die Welt.\ Dort wird man nicht als Zivilist geboren.\ Dort wird befördert, wer die Schnauze hält.

Kennst Du das Land? Es könnte glücklich sein. \ Es könnte glücklich sein und glücklich machen?\ Dort gibt es Äcker, Kohle, Stahl und Stein\ und Fleiß und Kraft und andre schöne Sachen.

Selbst Geist und Güte gibt's dort dann und wann! \ Und wahres Heldentum. Doch nicht bei vielen.\ Dort steckt ein Kind in jedem zweiten Mann.\ Das will mit Bleisoldaten spielen.

Dort reift die Freiheit nicht. Dort bleibt sie grün. \ Was man auch baut - es werden stets Kasernen.\ Kennst Du das Land, wo die Kanonen blühn?\ Du kennst es nicht? Du wirst es kennenlernen!

@ e8744882:47d84815

Top Hollywood Movies in Telugu Dubbed List for 2025

The world of Hollywood cinema is packed with action, adventure, and mind-blowing storytelling. But what if you could enjoy these blockbuster hits in your language? Thanks to Dimension on Demand (DOD) and theHollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list, fans can now experience international cinema like never before. Whether you love fantasy battles, high-stakes heists, or sci-fi horror, these top picks are perfect for Telugu-speaking audiences!

Let’s explore three must-watch Hollywood films that have captivated global audiences and are now available in Telugu for an immersive viewing experience.

Wrath Of The Dragon God – A Battle of Magic and Power

Magic, warriors, and an ancient evil—Wrath Of The Dragon God is an epic fantasy that keeps you on the edge of your seat. The film follows four brave heroes who must unite to retrieve a powerful orb and stop the villainous Damodar before he awakens a deadly black dragon. With the fate of the world at stake, they use elemental forces to battle dark magic in a spectacular showdown, making it a must-watch from the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.

This thrilling adventure brings together breathtaking visuals and a gripping storyline that fantasy lovers will adore. Directed by Gerry Lively, the film features a stellar cast, including Robert Kimmel, Brian Rudnick, and Gerry Lively, who bring their characters to life with incredible performances. If you're a fan of legendary fantasy films, this one should be at the top of your Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.

Why This Fantasy Adventure Stands Out:

• Action-Packed Battles – Epic war sequences between magic and monsters
• A Gripping Storyline – A journey filled with suspense and high-stakes, making it a must-watch from the Telugu dubbed Hollywood films
• Visually Stunning – Breathtaking CGI and cinematic excellence

Riders – The Ultimate Heist Thriller

What happens when a group of expert thieves plan the ultimate heist? Riders is a fast-paced action thriller that follows a team of robbers attempting five burglaries in five days to steal a whopping $20 million. With intense chase sequences, double-crosses, and high-stakes action, this film keeps you hooked from start to finish, making it a standout in the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.

Featuring Stephen Dorff, Natasha Henstridge, Bruce Payne, and Steven Berkoff, the movie boasts a talented cast delivering electrifying performances. Dorff, known for his roles in Blade and Somewhere, plays a criminal mastermind determined to outwit the law. Directed by Gérard Pirès, Riders is a must-watch for action lovers looking for heart-racing excitement in their Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.

What Makes This Heist Film a Must-Watch?

• High-Octane Action – Non-stop thrill from start to finish
• A Star-Studded Cast – Featuring Hollywood’s finest actors in a Hollywood movie dubbed in Telugu
• Smart & Engaging Plot – Twists and turns that keep you guessing

Grabbers – A Sci-Fi Horror with a Unique Twist

Ever wondered what it takes to survive an alien invasion? Grabbers bring a hilarious yet terrifying answer: getting drunk! When bloodsucking creatures invade a remote Irish island, the residents discover that alcohol is their only defense against these monstrous aliens. This unique blend of horror, comedy, and sci-fi makes for an entertaining ride, securing its place in the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.

Starring Killian Coyle, Stuart Graham, Richard Coyle, and Ruth Bradley, the movie’s cast delivers brilliant performances. Bradley, who won the IFTA Award for Best Actress, plays a courageous officer trying to protect the islanders. Directed by Jon Wright, Grabbers is a refreshing take on alien horror, making it a fantastic addition to the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.

Why This Sci-Fi Horror is a Must-Watch:

• A Unique Concept – Survival through Drunken Defense Tactics
• Action/ Horror/Si-Fi Combined – A perfect mix of action, sci-fi, and scares in the Telugu-dubbed Hollywood movies list
• Outstanding Performances – Ruth Bradley’s award-winning role

Why Watch These Hollywood Movies in Telugu Dubbed List on DOD?

DOD (Dimension On Demand) brings Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list to your screen, ensuring a seamless and immersive viewing experience. Whether you love action, horror, or sci-fi, these films deliver top-notch entertainment in your preferred language. With high-quality dubbing and engaging storytelling, DOD makes it easier than ever to enjoy Hollywood’s best!

Start Watching Now!

Watch Wrath Of The Dragon God in Telugu Dubbed – Click here!
Stream Riders Telugu Dubbed – Don’t miss it!
Enjoy Grabbers in Telugu Dubbed – Start now!

Don’t miss out! Watch these movies on DOD now!

Check out the official DOD YouTube channel for more exciting releases and explore the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list to experience cinema like never before!

Conclusion

Hollywood’s biggest hits are now more accessible than ever, thanks to high-quality dubbing that brings these stories to life in regional languages. Whether it's the magical battles of Wrath Of The Dragon God, the thrilling heist in Riders, or the hilarious alien invasion in Grabbers, these films offer something for every movie lover. With Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list, audiences can enjoy global cinema without language barriers. So grab your popcorn, tune into DOD, and get ready for an unforgettable movie marathon!

@ cc31c8fe:4b7c54fd

== January 17 2025

Out From Underneath | Prism Shores

crazy arms | pigeon pit

Humanhood | The Weather Station

== february 07 2025

Wish Defense | FACS

Sayan - Savoie | Maria Teriaeva

Nowhere Near Today | Midding

== february 14 2025

Phonetics On and On | Horsegirl

== february 21 2025

Finding Our Balance | Tsoh Tso

Machine Starts To Sing | Porridge Radio

Armageddon In A Summer Dress | Sunny Wa

== february 28 2025

you, infinite | you, infinite

On Being | Max Cooper

Billboard Heart | Deep Sea Diver

== March 21 2025

Watermelon/Peacock | Exploding Flowers

Warlord of the Weejuns | Goya Gumbani

== March 28 2025

Little Death Wishes | CocoRosie

Forever is a Feeling | Lucy Dacus

Evenfall | Sam Akpro

== April 4 2025

Tripla | Miki Berenyi Trio

Adagio | Σtella

The Fork | Oscar Jerome

== April 18 2025

Send A Prayer My Way | Julien Baker & TORRES

Superheaven | Superheaven

Thee Black Boltz | Tunde Adebimpe

from brooklyvegan

== April 25 2025

Face Down In The Garden |Tennis

Under Tangled Silence | Djrum

Viagr Aboys |Viagra Boys

Blurring Time | Bells Larsen

@ 1b9fc4cd:1d6d4902

Songwriting is a potent artistic expression that transcends borderlines and barriers. Many songwriters throughout history have perfected the art of crafting lyrics that resonate with audiences. In this article, Daniel Siegel Alonso delves into the nuanced realm of songwriting, exploring how songwriters like Lou Reed, Joni Mitchell, and Nina Simone have connected with listeners through their evocative and timeless lyrics.

**The street poet ** Siegel Alonso begins with the quintessential urban poet: Lou Reed. Reed transformed gritty, day-to-day experiences into lyrical masterpieces. As the front man of the proto-punk band The Velvet Underground, Reed's songwriting was known for its rawness and unflinching depiction of urban life. His lyrics often examined social alienation, the throes of addiction, and the pursuit of authenticity.

In songs like the now iconic "Heroin," Reed's explicit descriptions and stark narrative style draw listeners into the psyche of a person battling addiction. Lyrics such as "I have made the big decision / I'm gonna try to nullify my life" convey a haunting sense of sorrow and yearning for numbness. At the height of free love and flower power, Reed's ability to confront such complex subjects head-on allowed listeners to find solace in shared experiences, fostering a sense of connection through his candid storytelling.

Reed's influence extends beyond his provocative themes. His conversational singing style and use of spoken word elements in songs like "Walk on the Wild Side" subvert traditional songwriting norms, making his work not just music but a form of urban poetry. Reed's legacy lies in his ability to capture the essence of human experience.

**The painter of emotions ** Joni Mitchell's songwriting is often described as painting with words. Her intricate and poetic lyrics delve deep into personal and emotional landscapes, creating vivid imagery and profound reflections on life and love. Mitchell's work is a testament to the power of introspection and the beauty of vulnerability in songwriting.

On her 1971 studio album Blue, Mitchell bares all with songs that explore heartache, longing, and self-discovery. Songs like "A Case of You" contain poignant and visually evocative lyrics: "Oh, I could drink a case of you, darling / Still, I'd be on my feet." Siegel Alonso says Micthell's mastery of weaving personal tales with universal emotions creates a deeply intimate listening experience.

Joni Mitchell's innovative musical compositions complement her lyrical prowess. She often employs unusual guitar chord progressions and tunings, which add a distinctive color to her songs. This type of musical experimentation, combined with Joni's introspective verses, invites listeners into her world, offering comfort and understanding. Mitchell has formed a timeless bond with her audience through her artistry, demonstrating that the most intimate, private songs often resonate the most universally.

**The voice of the civil rights movement ** Nina Simone's songwriting is a powerful testament to music's role in social activism. Known for her unusual, soulful voice and fiery performances, Simone used her platform to address racial injustice, inequality, and civil rights issues. Her lyrics tend to be a call to action, urging her listeners to reflect on the unjust world and strive for change.

Simone's song "Mississippi Goddam" is a prime example of her fearless approach to songwriting. Written in response to the murder of Medgar Evers and the bombing of a church in Birmingham, Alabama, the song's cutting lyrics combined with its upbeat tempo create a startling contrast that underscores the urgency of her message. "Alabama's gotten me so upset / Tennessee made me lose my rest / And everybody knows about Mississippi Goddam." Through her craft, Simone shared the frustration and fury of the Civil Rights Movement, galvanizing her listeners to join in the fight for justice.

Another poignant example is her track "Four Women," which tells the stories of four African American women, each representing different aspects of the Black experience in America. Simone's lyrics powerfully explore identity, resilience, and oppression, with each character's narrative spotlighting broader social issues. Her talent to articulate the suffering and strength of her community through her lyrics has left an indelible mark on the music industry and the world.

The art of songwriting is more than just crafting words to fit a melody; it is about creating a connection between the artist and the listener. Lou Reed, Joni Mitchell, and Nina Simone each exemplify this in their unique ways. Reed's gritty realism, Mitchell's poetic introspection, and Simone's passionate activism all demonstrate the transformative power of lyrics.

Through their songs, these artists have touched countless lives, offering comfort, understanding, and inspiration. Their lyrics serve as a reminder that music is a universal language, capable of bridging divides and fostering empathy. The art of songwriting, as demonstrated by these legendary figures, is a profound way of connecting with the human experience, transcending time and place to reach the hearts of listeners everywhere.

In a world where words can often feel inadequate, Siegel Alonso offers that the right lyrics can express the breadth and depth of human emotion and experience. Whether through Lou Reed's uncomfortable honesty, Joni Mitchell's emotive landscapes, or Nina Simone's fervent activism, the art of songwriting continues to be a vital force in connecting humanity.

@ 1f79058c:eb86e1cb

I'm currently using this bash script to publish long-form content from local Markdown files to Nostr relays.

It requires all of yq, jq, and nak to be installed.

Usage

Create a signed Nostr event and print it to the console:

markdown_to_nostr.sh article-filename.md

Create a Nostr event and publish it to one or more relays:

markdown_to_nostr.sh article-filename.md ws://localhost:7777 wss://nostr.kosmos.org

Markdown format

You can specify your metadata as YAML in a Front Matter header. Here's an example file:

```md

title: "Good Morning" summary: "It's a beautiful day" image: https://example.com/i/beautiful-day.jpg date: 2025-04-24T15:00:00Z tags: gm, poetry published: false

---

In the blue sky just a few specks of gray
In the evening of a beautiful day
Though last night it rained and more rain on the way
And that more rain is needed 'twould be fair to say.

— Francis Duggan ```

The metadata keys are mostly self-explanatory. Note:

• All keys except for title are optional
• date, if present, will be set as the published_at date.
• If published is set to true, it will publish a kind 30023 event, otherwise a kind 30024 (draft)
• The d tag (widely used as URL slug for the article) will be the filename without the .md extension

@ 8d5ba92c:c6c3ecd5

Money is more than just a medium of exchange—it’s the current that drives economies, the lifeblood of societies, and the pulse of civilization itself. When money decays, so does the culture it sustains. Take fiat, for example. Created out of thin air and inflated into oblivion, it acts like poison—rewarding conformity over sovereignty, speculation over creation, and exploitation over collaboration.

A culture built this way fails to foster true progress. Instead, it pushes us into darker corners where creativity and truth become increasingly scarce.

From the food we eat to the media we consume, much of modern culture has become a reflection of this problem—prioritizing shortcuts, convenience, and profit at any cost. It seems there’s no room left for depth, authenticity, or connection anymore.

Art, for example—once a sacred space for meaning, and inner calling—has not been spared either. Stripped of its purpose, it too falls into gloom, weaponized to divide and manipulate rather than inspire beauty and growth.

“Art is the lie that reveals the truth” as Picasso once said.

Indeed, this intriguing perspective highlights the subjectivity of truth and the many ways art can be interpreted. While creative expression doesn’t always need to mirror reality one-to-one—actually, often reshaping it through the creator’s lens—much of what we’re surrounded with these days feels like a dangerous illusion built on the rotten incentives of decaying values.

The movies we watch, the music we hear, and the stories we absorb from books, articles, ads, and commercials—are too often crafted to condition specific behaviors. Greed, laziness, overconsumption, ignorance (feel free to add to this list). Instead of enriching our culture, they disconnect us from each other, as well as from our own minds, hearts, and souls.

If you see yourself as a Bitcoiner—or, as I like to call it, ‘a freedom fighter at heart’—and you care about building a world based on truth, freedom, and prosperity, please recognize that culture is also our battleground.

Artistic forms act as transformative forces in the fight against the status quo.

Join me and the hundreds of guests this May at Bitcoin FilmFest 2025.

You don’t have to be a creative person in the traditional sense—like a filmmaker, writer, painter, sculptor, musician, and so on—to have a direct impact on culture!

One way or another, you engage with creative realms anyway. The deeper you connect with them, the better you understand the reality we live in versus the future humanity deserves.

I know the process may take time, but I truly believe it’s possible. Unfiat The Culture!

Bitcoin FilmFest 2025. May 22-25, Warsaw, Poland.

The third annual edition of a unique event built at the intersection of independent films, art, and culture.

“Your narrative begins where centralized scripts end—explore the uncharted stories beyond the cinema.” - Details: bitcoinfilmfest.com/bff25/ - Grab 10% off your tickets with code YAKIHONNE!

@ f18b1f8f:5f442454

218684c8f0ba4c869250d3a2e6875c20

Retrograde, or "Emma", is a talent management agent for content creators. The interface is efficient - e-mail in, correspondence gets analysed and actions taken on behalf of a client. It helps clients manage deals and opportunities. Founded by Grace Beverley, Jake Browne and Gary Meehan.

Listing: https://agentlist.com/agent/218684c8f0ba4c869250d3a2e6875c20

@ 5188521b:008eb518

Ecology

When my father died, an entire ecosystem of beneficiaries withered. Moussa Ag El Khir funded scholarships and community projects, paying thousands of Dinars monthly to stop the oasis town of In Salah from burning up. The few families we knew operating outside the oil-field economy would be forced to flee to the Mediterranean coast, along with just about every other Berber.

It wasn’t unexpected. My father had cystic fibrosis for all sixty-one years of his life. So far, that’s the only legacy he’s passed on to his children. My brothers are just carriers, but me, his precious daughter ended up like him in more ways than one.

We sat there in the lawyer’s office in Algiers, my brothers and I, staring at the ledger which contained payment for his life’s work.

“And he only left one word in his will?” asked Ibrahim for the third time. Ecology.

The lawyer said Moussa was very clear. He chose each of the keys himself. The contents of the ledger would belong to whoever could decode his life — those who understood the real meaning. Then he cut all communications and walked into the Sahara. The Tuareg caravan on the road to Akabli found his body a week later, reddened by sand burn.

Earth

We made an agreement that day. To share each word we discovered. We could break the code together. Of course, Ibrahim and Hama didn’t share anything. We barely speak. That’s what happens when one child follows their father into science, and her two brothers move to France the minute they get rich enough to buy a wife. I bet they spent longer looking into legal loopholes to get their hands on my father’s assets than they did trying to identify the keys.

That day was the start of my second life, and I went from research assistant at a regional university to private-key detective. 2048 words and few clues where to start. Although I was 27, I was virtually a grandmother according to the In Salah wives. But of course, I could never be a grandmother, or even a mother. Every night, I scoured photos in the family archive. An initial sweep of his digital footprint returned no out-of-place instances of any keywords.

It took me a year to find the GPS tag he’d added to one photo — an eighteen-year-old daughter standing next to a father proud of his first infinite solar prototype. The panel has long-since been torn out by the oil corp, but the base is still there. I drove the three kilometres from the town limit and shone the high beams at the spot. When I got out, the air was cool but still thick with sand. A few more steps through sinking dunes, and I saw it. He’d scratched a little globe into the blistered metal, and for a moment, my mucus-laden lungs tasted clear air.

Trigger

The next word took three years. Friends, contacts, professors, biographers — visits to anyone with whom he might have left a clue. But it was in the In Salah hospital, where, upon a routine CF checkup with Jerome Devailier, a French doctor, ‘trigger’ appeared. The government might stack everything against the desert peoples, but they hadn’t taken away healthcare. I’d been living off the kindness of neighbours while finishing my thesis on the very solar technology my father developed. How could he have known the ‘buyer’ was just a tendril of the very oil company he sought to defeat.

Dr Devalier went through the list of carcinogens and allergens to avoid with my new drugs. Over forty triggers which could be my downfall. If I was lucky, I’d live as long as my father did.

By then, my research stipend was long gone. I existed on toughened bread and soup, which always carried the taste of the scorched city air. Yet, I stayed. The public library, disconnected from the grid by the oil corp, was where I finished my manuscript. They would fight its publication. Since father’s money no longer flowed into the town, many had deserted me. There were those who said he killed an entire people by selling his solar patent to the wrong buyers. Others in In Salah worshipped his name, but eventually, they all trudged north to the cities. My brothers sold the family home from under me, forcing me to follow.

When I returned from the hospital, I dug out my father’s medical documents. On every page, the word ‘trigger’ was underlined. That was the moment I knew my life’s work would be unlocking the ledger, not publishing studies on long-dead solar panel technology. That battle was lost.

They

All we need is a simple document, but here, it is the administrators’ job to send people away. Physical copies are only issued in extreme circumstances. Citizens’ Registry screens played endless repetitions of how to apply for digital documents. The shrill voices of family members desperate for the original copy of a pirated document drowned the TV messaging. Women removed headscarves and revealed thick black hair; teenagers paced. The atmosphere thickened with sweat. And hours passed. Each appointment required a reset of digital protocol, biometric tests, and identity cards from legal descendents. Through counterfeit identities, our Dinars leak into the hands of criminals, but still the government denies the need for bitcoin. They just print more money. They is the word my father used for the government that fought his patent so hard.

After a four-hour wait, I discovered that the physical death certificate included an ‘identifying mark’ on the deceased’s body. The ink was fresh — etched into the shoulder blade of a man who wished to turn his back on the government that ignored its people. The tattoo read aqqalan, the Tamasheq word for they.

Scheme

It took two trips to his cluttered Marseille office to convince him I was serious. Two visas, two flights, and the small amount from the sale of the family house. But few detectives wanted to work for a promise.

The ledger could not legally be owned in Algeria, and Laurent Mercier was the only serious professional who entertained a percentage of what was on there. The solar tech patent and documents from my father were enough to start Laurent on the trail. ‘Preliminary,’ he said, until I had the ledger in my possession.

“Flying is not easy with my condition,” I said.

He lowered his sunglasses. “Working is not easy without money.”

Contact with my brother through the lawyer in Algiers was achingly slow, but eventually they agreed to give me possession. What was 33% of nothing anyway? Years had gone by.

So, when I sat for the second time, in the sweaty office in Marseille, I gave Laurent the ledger, and he handed me a surprise. In all his business affairs, my father used little English, but the word ‘scheme’ appeared in all three company names he incorporated in the last three years of his life. We had our fifth word, and I finally had someone on my side.

Make

Some days, I could barely walk to the public library. I became lethargic and mostly sat in the cool dark of my room in the shelter. The government refused to provide housing outside of Algiers, but a Tuareg organisation from Mali opened a shelter in In Salah. Bulging eyes and faded clothes stared back in the mirror each day. How long had it been since I’d been to a wedding, or celebrated a friend’s child? Occupants came and went, and all that was left was a barren room and one meal per day.

As the sun punished the city with every ray of Allah’s untapped gift, streets grew thick with dust, and the local government fell, seat by seat, to oil execs. The only transport running was to and from the oil fields, which belched the remnants of the land into the sky. And still they worked. Still they sat on my father’s patent and refused to supply the world with efficient solar power.

With little else to cling onto, I harboured thoughts of how I could spend the ledger money. Fixing the town and replanting lost gardens. Bringing people back. That all took a back seat to decoding the message my father was sending. Laurent and I began to believe that the keys he chose formed some sort of instruction for his legacy.

Ten years to the day after his death, I was in the public library, looking for clues in an English history book. On my exit, the librarian stopped me.

“We have a gift for you, Kana.”

I waited while he fetched a package.

“Your father instructed me to give this to you. But not before this date.”

My hands tore open the package. More books, technical manuals, and hand-written notes. Amongst the papers was a tasselled leather bookmark embossed with the four letters that comprised one of the seven missing words. Make.

Citizen

It’s hard for a father in Algeria to admit to his daughter that she is his spirit — the heir to his life’s work. Of course he felt terrible guilt after our mother’s passing. That was when the letters started.

Moussa wrote to himself really, trying to come to terms with bringing a protégé into the world with a bright scientific mind and lungs that would snap her life expectancy. We communicated by letter for the last few years of his life — sharing the breakthroughs of his findings and what it might mean for our decaying oasis town. Analogue writing was the only real privacy, he said. His letters always ran to the same length, as if they were one lesson divided into equal chunks. We even exchanged letters during his last hospitalisation in Algiers. Those words were the only real strength I gained.

It was Laurent who analysed the letters with a new text scanning tool. For me, my father’s last letters were advice, regret, pain, and love, but to Laurent, they were simply a puzzle to solve to get one step closer.

Our letters gave Laurent the idea to communicate via physical mail. The process was painful, with letters sent from outlying towns before being shipped across the Alboran Sea and up into France. Muatin was one name my father called me. Like him, I dreamed of helping many through science. This was one of the few Arabic words in the French letters he wrote. It was also the only keyword included in any of the letters. Citizen.

When

Years of quiet followed. In Salah became unlivable after they co-opted the city reservoir for cooling drilling rigs. Each study that proved the field was still viable funnelled funds away from the locals who clung on. Resettlement benefits went up, and all but the semi-nomadic Tuaregs left. I followed. My health could not take much more desert. In the cooler coastal plains, I recovered strength, and subsidies for new medications helped me survive on a meagre teaching salary.

With no further clues, my Marseillais detective lost interest. His last letter, sent years ago, stated with unusual brevity that he was resigning the case. No payment was due.

I had lost my health, my father, his work, my money, our house, the town, and I spent each week delivering science and English classes to teenagers. They had no more hope for our country than I had. Algerians had already lost the Sahara. A one-degree temperature shift each decade of my life had shrunk Africa and sent its peoples northwards.

My father’s word puzzle occupied my thoughts. The combinations and permutations of letters and characters had millions of possible meanings but only one correct answer. Yet simple linguistic logic provided the next word. The headteacher was a linguist — a profession long lost to the higher-powered text analysers and language AI. He spoke little English but asked about the categorisations of grammatical terms in the 2048 key words.

“Why do you ask?”

“Because,” he said, “for a sentence of twelve words, at least one conjunction is necessary to form a second clause.”

He was right. I had been focussing on lists and complex codes to build my father’s motto. When I got home, I furiously searched my list of terms for conjunctions. I found only one. ‘When.’

Can

The permutations were still huge. Even eliminating some of the more conceptual words did not help. Millions of sentences existed in my dead father’s mind. Millions of meanings, all lost to the need for more energy to fund the world’s great thirst for energy. Still, the panels in most of the ‘dead middle’ (as the space between the tropics became known) melted at over 50 degrees.

I was back in Paris for CF treatment. As a young woman, I would have been pleased to make fifty years. But the realities of daily visits and the sickness brought on by medication stung. I wanted things to end, even when I discovered the next key.

It had been years since I had dreamed of the freedoms my father’s fortune could bring. Parts of Asia held out against bitcoin, but the cost of countries doing business off-network had become prohibitive. Eventually, the fossil conglomerates would give in to the need for solar mining and the provision of universal energy.

It was in a Parisian hospital bed that I discovered ‘can.’ My wardmate, a rough labourer from Oran, found a biography in the hospital library that made me sit up straight. ‘Can’ was repeated in almost every description of my father in his one-time business partner’s book. And it was this Arabian ‘businessman,’ Abdulkarim Rahman, who brokered the deal that robbed the world of infinite solar power. Each page mocked my father as believing only physical impossibilities are impossible. He branded him the ‘can man.’

Drastic

During my recuperation, I spent the final two weeks of my visa stay in Marseille. My days passed with endless algorithm tweaks to reject or accept word orders for the elusive twelve-word sentence my father once wrote.

Food lost its taste, and friends and colleagues in academia had scattered. In-person meetings were often contained to the night hours, but Marseille was not a place to go out after dark. The latest protests had gotten violent, and the government looked likely to topple. My people had always been resilient, but when the option to move and operate a caravan was removed by General Hafiz, part of my spirit died. I resolved to spend my final years in In Salah, however uncomfortable they would be.

My final port of call before returning was Laurent’s office. The eTaxi cast me out into the dusty street, and I wheezed as I climbed the three flights of stairs to his tiny door on Rue Marché. We hadn’t spoken in years, but I was surprised to find a different name about the door. Pascale Dupont, Investigateur.

The assistant I remembered was quite the opposite to Laurent — slow and methodical, short and heavy set.

“Madame,” he said. “I have difficult news.”

Their business had always straddled the law, but I never imagined an ex-officer of the law could be convicted of treason.

“A closed-door trial,” said Pascale. Then he handed over an air-gapped 3D storage file. “Laurent knew you would come for this.”

My mind cast forward to the reams of information he must have built on my father. The patents and technical diagrams he illegally acquired and other clues. I instantly recognised the brand of storage file as a keyword. Drastic.

“How can I thank him?”

“He is dead, madame.” Pascale hung his head. “He survived prison for only two weeks.”

Must

My final years brought me home. In Salah had gained fame for its one group of Tuaregs who refused to leave. The Lakzis owned a house in a desperate condition, not dissimilar to my failing body. By the age of fifty-two, I could no longer walk, but they welcomed me. I pooled my disability allowance and some money I’d gained from selling my father’s watch. We waited for the world to mourn the death of a once great city. We would keep it alive by refusing to move, by refusing to permit its rebranding as an ‘industrial area.’ Now the oil fields were finally drying up, they wanted to dig under the town.

We had managed to eliminate half of the remaining words. Just under 1,000 possible selections for the final two words, but little idea of an order.

The problem was that I was the only English speaker among them, and it took great energy to attempt to teach the meaning of the words and possible grammatical constructions for my father’s sentence.

But soon, patterns began to emerge. Fragments of word pairings and groups. ‘Trigger drastic scheme’ appeared again and again in the permutations. ‘They can’ and ‘When they can’ gave a tantalising glimpse. We ranked sentences in terms of likelihood to form the full key and categorised them by the most likely remaining words. Due to the need for a modal verb, ‘must’ scored highest by our calculations.

In this race to unlock the ledger before In Salah’s destruction, we nosed ahead.

Yet the day of that discovery was my final day in the desert. An air ambulance transported my feeble body to Algiers, and I would never return.

They messaged me — so close. They would unlock the ledger with the final word after my operation. The bitcoin could undo the wrongs of the past, and my father’s sentence would live on.

End

The phrase which began the global revolution first appeared on the wall of a much-disputed oil refinery in the desert outside In Salah, Algeria.

When they can make ecology end, citizen earth must trigger drastic scheme

Soon, the graffiti marked government buildings in Algiers. Activists took to the streets. Governments crumbled and currencies collapsed. Climate groups received massive donations said to come from ‘the one,’ a ledger with a huge stack written off by financiers the world over. The codebreaker credited with unlocking the ledger was unable to witness the transfer of 10,000 coins to the Global Climate Fund due to her death, aged 52, from a congenital condition.

The words of Moussa Ag El Khir now mark each of the millions of panels, which line the ‘dead middle.’ They contribute over 80% of the Earth’s power supply.

To mark the fiftieth anniversary of his death, the World Climate Forum will be held in the town of his birth, In Salah, Algeria. This story, compiled from the diaries of his daughter, Kana Ult El Khir, will be read as the opening address of the conference.

---

This story was originally published in 21 Futures: Tales From the Timechain

To continue the story of the real-world treasure (sats) use the address (it's real).\ Who knows, maybe some zaps will find their way into the wallet...

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

Autor: Sabrina Khalil. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

---

Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

---

„Immer wieder ist jetzt“ übertitelt unsere Sprecherin Sabrina Khalil ihren Text, den sie für die Friedensnoten geschrieben hat. Das gleichnamige Gedicht hat Jens Fischer Rodrian vertont. Sabrina Khalil ist Schauspielerin, Musikerin und Sprecherin, u.a. für Radio München.

Das gleichnamige Gedicht hat Jens Fischer Rodrian für das Album "Voices for Gaza" vertont.

https://protestnoten.de/produkt/voices-for-gaza-doppel-cd/ 

Sprecher des Textes: Ulrich Allroggen

Dieser Beitrag erschien zuerst bei Radio München.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/immer-wieder-ist-jetzt-nie-wieder-war-noch-nie-von-sabrina-khalil?utm_source=clipboard&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Fradiomuenchen%252Fimmer-wieder-ist-jetzt-nie-wieder-war-noch-nie-von-sabrina-khalil

---

LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt.

Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen:

• Für 50 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube.
• Für 120 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Für 500 CHF/EURO werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Ab 1000 CHF werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie).

Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):

Für Einzahlungen in Euro:

Milosz Matuschek

IBAN DE 53710520500000814137

BYLADEM1TST

Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg

Betreff: Friedenstaube

Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: friedenstaube@pareto.space

---

Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

„Immer wieder ist jetzt“ übertitelt unsere Sprecherin Sabrina Khalil ihren Text, den sie für die Friedensnoten geschrieben hat. Das gleichnamige Gedicht hat Jens Fischer Rodrian für das Album "Voices for Gaza" vertont.

https://protestnoten.de/produkt/voices-for-gaza-doppel-cd/ https://bfan.link/voices-for-gaza

Sprecher des Textes: Ulrich Allroggen

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/immer-wieder-ist-jetzt-nie-wieder-war-noch-nie-von-sabrina-khalil?

@ a93be9fb:6d3fdc0c

This is a tmp article

@ 88cc134b:5ae99079

lets try this out nostr:note14vqza005ngr0nk2ft8v4t3qejezqxvulmerna0g5gvs4wjsstqgsmeupgy and nostr:note1gehzcmj6tyzzk3renzvcshkazys8g9q7f8x9p70zatgx7salcsjqax60pz or nostr:note16c3k4ygg39kv77yzeefvmrzngekjcyqcul59ry8jsvg250w4k42qk9d4dw or nostr:note1cxyk4l049r32v24sls2m3cpjpm6c7yrg2d36n34j64ym0ygz73rqzplrn7 and some users nostr:npub13rxpxjc6vh65aay2eswlxejsv0f7530sf64c4arydetpckhfjpustsjeaf and nostr:npub13rxpxjc6vh65aay2eswlxejsv0f7530sf64c4arydetpckhfjpustsjeaf

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

1. Premise
The demand for high-capacity hard drives has grown exponentially with the expansion of cloud storage, big data, and personal backups. As failure of a storage device can result in significant data loss and downtime, understanding long-term drive reliability is critical. This research seeks to determine the most reliable manufacturer of 10TB+ HDDs by analyzing cumulative drive failure data over ten years from Backblaze, a leader in cloud backup services.

---

2. Methodology
Data from Backblaze, representing 350,000+ deployed drives, was analyzed to calculate the AFR of 10TB+ models from Seagate, Western Digital (including HGST), and Toshiba. AFR was calculated using cumulative data to reduce volatility and better illustrate long-term reliability trends. Power-on hours were used as the temporal metric to more accurately capture usage-based wear, as opposed to calendar-based aging.

---

3. Results and Analysis

3.1 Western Digital (including HGST)

• Ultrastar HC530 & HC550 (14TB & 16TB)
• AFR consistently below 0.35% after the initial “burn-in” period.
• Exhibited superior long-term stability.
• HGST Ultrastar HC520 (12TB)
• Demonstrated robust performance with AFR consistently under 0.5%.
• Excellent aging profile after year one.

3.2 Toshiba

• General Performance
• Noted for higher early failure rates (DOA issues), indicating manufacturing or transport inconsistencies.
• After stabilization, most models showed AFRs under 1%, which is within acceptable industry standards.
• Model Variability
• Differences in AFR observed between 4Kn and 512e sector models, suggesting firmware or controller differences may influence longevity.

3.3 Seagate

• Older Models (e.g., Exos X12)
• AFRs often exceeded 1.5%, raising concerns for long-term use in mission-critical applications.
• Newer Models (e.g., Exos X16)
• Improvements seen, with AFRs around 1%, though still higher than WD and HGST counterparts.
• Seagate’s aggressive pricing often makes these drives more attractive for cost-sensitive deployments.

---

4. Points Drawn

The data reveals a compelling narrative in brand-level reliability trends among high-capacity hard drives. Western Digital, especially through its HGST-derived Ultrastar product lines, consistently demonstrates superior reliability, maintaining exceptionally low Annualized Failure Rates (AFRs) and excellent operational stability across extended use periods. This positions WD as the most dependable option for enterprise-grade and mission-critical storage environments. Toshiba, despite a tendency toward higher early failure rates—often manifesting as Dead-on-Arrival (DOA) units—generally stabilizes to acceptable AFR levels below 1% over time. This indicates potential suitability in deployments where early failure screening and redundancy planning are feasible. In contrast, Seagate’s performance is notably variable. While earlier models displayed higher AFRs, more recent iterations such as the Exos X16 series have shown marked improvement. Nevertheless, Seagate drives continue to exhibit greater fluctuation in reliability outcomes. Their comparatively lower cost structure, however, may render them an attractive option in cost-sensitive or non-critical storage environments, where performance variability is an acceptable trade-off.

It’s crucial to remember that AFR is a probabilistic measure; individual drive failures are still possible regardless of brand or model. Furthermore, newer drive models need additional longitudinal data to confirm their long-term reliability.

---

5. Consider

Best Overall Choice: Western Digital Ultrastar HC530/HC550
These drives combine top-tier reliability (AFR < 0.35%), mature firmware, and consistent manufacturing quality, making them ideal for enterprise and archival use.

Runner-Up (Budget Consideration): Seagate Exos X16
While reliability is slightly lower (AFR ~1%), the Exos series offers excellent value, especially for bulk storage.

Cautionary Choice: Toshiba 10TB+ Models
Users should be prepared for potential early failures and may consider pre-deployment burn-in testing.

---

6. Recommendations for Buyers
- For mission-critical environments: Choose Western Digital Ultrastar models.
- For budget-focused or secondary storage: Seagate Exos offers acceptable risk-to-cost ratio.
- For experimental or non-essential deployments: Toshiba drives post-burn-in are serviceable.

---

7. Future Work
Based on publicly available Backblaze data, which reflects data center use and may not perfectly map to home or SMB environments. Sample sizes vary by model and may bias certain conclusions. Future research could integrate SMART data analytics, firmware version tracking, and consumer-use data to provide more granular insight.

---

References
- Backblaze. (2013–2023). Hard Drive Stats. Retrieved from https://www.backblaze.com/blog
- Manufacturer datasheets and reliability reports for Seagate, Western Digital, and Toshiba.

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Wo, wenn nicht in Dresden, sollte man sich einig sein, in der Frage nach „Krieg oder Frieden“? Doch 80 Jahre nach der flächendeckenden Brandbombardierung Dresdens macht sich in dieser Stadt wieder verdächtig, wer so etwas selbstverständliches wie Frieden einfordert.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/wiederauferstatung-eines-friedensprojekts-von-jens-fischer-rodrian?

Am vergangenen Karfreitag fand eine große Friedensprozession in der sächsischen Metropole statt. Kriegerisch jedoch war die Berichterstattung. Mit Falschbehauptungen und verdrehungen wurde die Friedensaktion und deren Akteure beschädigt. Dorne im Auge der Betrachter waren womöglich Dieter Hallervorden und die Politologin Ulrike Guérot mit Reden, die dringender nicht sein könnten. Ulrike Guérot stellte zugleich das European Peace Project vor, das am 9. Mai mit jedem einzelnen von uns in ganz Europa stattfindet.

Der Liedermacher Jens Fischer Rodrian war am Karfreitag ebenfalls vor Ort und widmete der Rede von Guérot eine Friedensnote. Hören Sie seinen Beitrag mit dem Titel „Wiederauferstehung eines Friedensprojekts“. europeanpeaceproject.eu/en/

Bild: Demoveranstalter

@ f70851e7:f1ee9109

(original manifesto of Cypherpunk Meetup 2024)

"I cleared the space for the younger generation. But no one came..." - Anonymous cypherpunk, 2024

The founding fathers of the cypherpunk movement had quite wild predictions for the Y2K+: Anonymous communication and ubiquitous encryption should have led to decentralization of power, freed markets and individual liberty. Looking realistically at today's world - a world in which surveillance is totally normalized and we're stuck between being dominated by megacorps and governments - we fucked up big time, even though we created islands of liberty for the few of us that understood what these technologies are for.

Bitcoin is an exemption and an exceptional success of their story, but looking at its current development, we come to argue that we're now vulnerable to failing even there. The crowds are coming again and they don't even know why they need anonymous money. But wait, do we know?

Once “rebels with a cause” turned into “grandmas with ETFs” and “garage economists with a Twitter account”.

Where do we go from here? What can we do? Is this what cypherpunk is now? Are we bitcoiners just because we can, or can we still look for and successfully find a purpose not lost from the founders' vision?

Emptiness of purpose can be easily hijacked. Looking at the past of the movement, experiencing its presence and foreseeing its future we ask ourselves the question:

Is the movement still relevant?

@ 256a7941:b828ba8d

We don't love love anymore

We love money more than anything

Bitcoin doesn't fix this only replace it

Obsessed with your stack are you?

@ 76c71aae:3e29cafa

I wanted to take a moment to address the recent Business Insider article about Jack Dorsey’s funding of Nostr. While the article has inaccuracies and it lacks nuance, this piece it’s also an invitation to all of us to discuss Nostr openly. 

Is the article true? First things first: We do not actually know fiatjaf’s identity so we cannot weigh in on the veracity of who he is. His real identity remains a mystery to us. While we do not share Fiatjaf’s beliefs, he’s always been clear that Nostr was built to support all types of speech, even the stuff he personally disagrees with. That’s a fundamental principle of the platform.

Why is Nos built on a protocol that was built by someone who supports fascists? Let’s clear up a major point of confusion.Merriam Webster defines fascism as: a political philosophy, movement, or regime (such as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.

Based on that definition, fascism is then a centralized autocratic government led by a dictatorial leader, enforcing several economic and social regimentation, and suppressing opposition. Nostr, on the other hand, is designed to prevent centralized control altogether. It’s a decentralized network where no single entity has ultimate power.

Nostr is designed so there is no central authority of control. By distributing content across multiple relays, the architecture of Nostr eliminates the possibility of centralized autocratic control.

Nos chose to build an app on the Nostr protocol because traditional corporate social media platforms often stifle views outside the mainstream, these also include views of leftist activists, LGBTQ community, and others. This stifling takes the form of shadow banning when people use terms that the platform doesn’t want to support such as abortion. More recently there has been an uptick in account suspensions and shadow bannings as people use reporting tools to flag accounts that support Gaza. Often the people flagging are looking at older posts and flagging those to get the accounts shutdown.

On the other hand, Nos is about giving users control over their accounts, identities, and feeds. Nostr makes this possible in a way no other protocol does today. At Nos, we are committed to building an app using tools that put the user in charge and Nostr enables this user-first approach.This means that everybody has something to say, and we may not like it.

How does Nos reconcile being on a network that can’t ban people for their views? Unlike corporate social media, such as Facebook, Instagram and TikTok, Nostr is built on the idea of a web of trust, meaning you only see the content from the people you follow. There are no algorithms pushing sensational content to keep you glued to your screen. Corporate platforms thrive on “engagement” and are optimized for eyeballs and time on site. Over the years, the algorithms have learned that the content that is most engaging is content that induces moral outrage in the viewer.

As a result, the corporate platforms feed users more and more morally outrageous content to keep them online. As mentioned before, Nostr operates on a different principle. It’s built on a web of trust, where you only see content from people you follow: Nos and most of the other Nostr clients do not have algorithm-driven feeds, instead content from the people you follow appears in reverse chronological order in your feed. Those clients that do have algorithmic feeds today show the most popular content, but are not optimizing for morally outrageous content.

This means that it is much more difficult for toxic, hateful content to go viral as there’s no behind-the-scenes mechanism amplifying content for views similar to what you have on Youtube and X today. You won’t find the same amplification of divisive content here that you see on these traditional platforms.

Nos offers the ability to have “Freedom from” unwanted content at the user level. There is no central authority shutting down one account or another or blocking certain accounts.

This is especially important for activists. At present on Mastodon and other ActivityPub servers, we are witnessing pro-Palestinian activists accounts’ being blocked from certain servers. While happening at a smaller level, this is still a form of shutting down the dialogue and conversation.I get it –after more than a decade of algorithmic fueled hot-takes and virtue signaling on X (formerly Twitter), it might be a bit difficult to conceive of a social media experience where dialogue exists, but the network that has evolved on top of Nostr is that space. Yes, as difficult as it sounds, Nostr allows for dialogue without central censorship.

Many folks disagree on Nostr in the same way disagreements used to happen on Twitter (now X) in the early days, where there are long text based dialogues. Folks may walk away still disagreeing and a small subset get nasty, but those conversations do not spiral out of control in the same way they do on X or even on Mastodon and Bluesky today.

And if things get ugly, Nos and a few other apps have user-led moderation tools to help mitigate anything that comes into replies or mentions. Nos is leading efforts to enhance user-led moderation across the network. 

This discussion is crucial. We have the chance to reshape the future of decentralized social media and we can build a more open and inclusive digital space. The pathway is and will be messy. How do we balance free speech while protecting users from harmful content? What role should decentralization play in the next generation of social media platforms? I’d love to hear your thoughts and keep this conversation going.‍

@ 8125b911:a8400883

In Nostr, all data is stored as events. Decentralization is achieved by storing events on multiple relays, with signatures proving the ownership of these events. However, if you truly want to own your events, you should run your own relay to store them. Otherwise, if the relays you use fail or intentionally delete your events, you'll lose them forever.

For most people, running a relay is complex and costly. To solve this issue, I developed nostr-relay-tray, a relay that can be easily run on a personal computer and accessed over the internet.

Project URL: https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-tray

This article will guide you through using nostr-relay-tray to run your own relay.

Download

Download the installation package for your operating system from the GitHub Release Page.

| Operating System | File Format | | --------------------- | ---------------------------------- | | Windows | nostr-relay-tray.Setup.x.x.x.exe | | macOS (Apple Silicon) | nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x-arm64.dmg | | macOS (Intel) | nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x.dmg | | Linux | You should know which one to use |

Installation

Since this app isn’t signed, you may encounter some obstacles during installation. Once installed, an ostrich icon will appear in the status bar. Click on the ostrich icon, and you'll see a menu where you can click the "Dashboard" option to open the relay's control panel for further configuration.

macOS Users:

• On first launch, go to "System Preferences > Security & Privacy" and click "Open Anyway."
• If you encounter a "damaged" message, run the following command in the terminal to remove the restrictions:

bash sudo xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine /Applications/nostr-relay-tray.app

Windows Users:

• On the security warning screen, click "More Info > Run Anyway."

Connecting

By default, nostr-relay-tray is only accessible locally through ws://localhost:4869/, which makes it quite limited. Therefore, we need to expose it to the internet.

In the control panel, click the "Proxy" tab and toggle the switch. You will then receive a "Public address" that you can use to access your relay from anywhere. It's that simple.

Next, add this address to your relay list and position it as high as possible in the list. Most clients prioritize connecting to relays that appear at the top of the list, and relays lower in the list are often ignored.

Restrictions

Next, we need to set up some restrictions to prevent the relay from storing events that are irrelevant to you and wasting storage space. nostr-relay-tray allows for flexible and fine-grained configuration of which events to accept, but some of this is more complex and will not be covered here. If you're interested, you can explore this further later.

For now, I'll introduce a simple and effective strategy: WoT (Web of Trust). You can enable this feature in the "WoT & PoW" tab. Before enabling, you'll need to input your pubkey.

There's another important parameter, Depth, which represents the relationship depth between you and others. Someone you follow has a depth of 1, someone they follow has a depth of 2, and so on.

• Setting this parameter to 0 means your relay will only accept your own events.
• Setting it to 1 means your relay will accept events from you and the people you follow.
• Setting it to 2 means your relay will accept events from you, the people you follow, and the people they follow.

Currently, the maximum value for this parameter is 2.

Conclusion

You've now successfully run your own relay and set a simple restriction to prevent it from storing irrelevant events.

If you encounter any issues during use, feel free to submit an issue on GitHub, and I'll respond as soon as possible.

Not your relay, not your events.

@ 526bec6a:07c68d13

Welcome to Whitey's Hub: Hack Shack & Party Pharmacy on Nostr The decentralized underworld of Nostr just got a whole lot darker. Nestled within the encrypted, censorship-resistant corners of the Nostr protocol, Whitey's Hub is the ultimate destination for those who crave the forbidden. This isn't just a market—it's a movement. Anonymity, security, and freedom are our currencies, and we’re here to deliver.

Xpresspostt Party Pharmacy: From the finest powders and crystals—cocaine, crack, methadrone and crystal meth—to the greenest buds of marijuana and the most potent opiates, our Party Pharmacy is stocked to satisfy any high. Looking for something more exotic? Our catalog includes pills, oxy, ice, and speed, ensuring your next party is unforgettable. All transactions are facilitated through Nostr's decentralized network, with public key encryption and escrow services that you the buyer can choose.

Hack Shack: Step into the digital underworld. Here, you'll find premium American and Canadian financial credentials, fraud services, and dirty script malware and cracked software. Whether you're looking to boost your cyber arsenal or gain unauthorized access to the world's most secure systems, our tutorials and software will guide you every step of the way. All communications are encrypted and decentralized, thanks to Nostr's secure relay system.

Ebooks & Tutorials: Elevate your game with our collection of eBooks and guides. Learn the art of fraud, master the dark web, or dive into the world of cyber espionage. Knowledge is power, and at Whitey's Hub, we empower. Our content is distributed directly through Nostr's decentralized channels, ensuring it’s uncensorable and always accessible.

Security & Anonymity: Nostr’s decentralized, open-source protocol ensures your identity remains hidden and your activities untraceable. All transactions are secured with end-to-end encryption, and our escrow system is built on trustless, cryptographic principles. Your privacy is our priority, and Nostr’s design guarantees it.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

CHAPTER TWELVE

"Who in the world is knocking like that?" Susan grumbled as she approached the front door, the loud thud clearly interrupting her peaceful afternoon.

She swung the door open sharply and immediately, her face twisted with disdain.

"You again?" she spat with venom. "What are you doing here, James? Haven’t you embarrassed this family enough?"

James stood calmly at the threshold, wearing his usual tattered and weathered clothes. His expression was composed, though his eyes revealed the exhaustion of someone who had endured too much for too long.

"I just wanted to see Rita," he said quietly, his voice tinged with longing but not weakness.

Susan laughed, cold and cruel. "See Rita? Dressed like that? You look like you crawled out of a dumpster. Don’t you have any shame? This isn’t the street where you beg for leftovers. It’s the Ray residence!"

Before James could utter another word, Susan, holding a glass of water in her hand, flung it into his face with disgust. The icy splash soaked his shirt and clung to his skin. The suddenness of it made him flinch, but he didn’t retaliate.

"And if I see you here again, I’ll make sure you’re dragged out by your ears!" she hissed.

The commotion quickly drew the attention of Helen, Rita’s mother, who stormed to the door with a glare.

"What is going on here, Susan? Why are you shouting like" She stopped abruptly when she saw James standing there, drenched and still calm. Her eyes narrowed.

"Oh, it’s you," she scoffed. "What do you want now, you jobless disgrace? Coming here to leech again?"

"Mother, please, I" James tried to explain.

"Don’t call me that! I’m not your mother, and you are no longer part of this family!" Helen shrieked, before pulling out her phone. "I'm calling the police right now. You need to be removed from this property permanently!"

Inside the house, Rita heard the shouting and came rushing downstairs, her heart dropping when she saw her husband standing like a soaked stray dog at their doorstep, humiliation written all over his face.

"James… please," she whispered as she gently approached him. "Just go. Not like this. Not today."

His eyes met hers, and for a moment, his resolve wavered. He had come to see her, to remember what home used to feel like. But this place no longer felt like home.

Moments later, a patrol car pulled into the driveway. Two officers stepped out, firm and ready for confrontation. The lead officer, tall and broad-shouldered, approached the group until his eyes landed on James.

There was a brief pause.

Then, the officer’s face lit up with recognition. "Master James!" he exclaimed, breaking into a wide smile as he stepped forward and embraced him like an old friend.

Susan and Helen’s jaws nearly hit the ground.

"Kenneth?" James blinked in surprise.

"Yes, sir! It’s me Kenneth. Do you remember? You helped me when my son needed surgery, even when you had nothing! I’ll never forget that. What happened here? Who did this to you?" Kenneth’s voice shifted into concern as he noticed James’s soaked shirt.

"It’s fine," James said, managing a small smile. "Don’t make trouble here. It’s not worth it. Please… let it go. For my wife’s sake."

Kenneth frowned, clearly not happy, but he respected James too much to argue. He turned toward Helen and Susan, his tone now sharp and professional.

"You’re lucky he’s a merciful man," he said coldly. "Because if it were up to me, you’d both be charged with public harassment."

He gave James one last look, a mixture of respect and sorrow, before turning back to the car.

James stood for a few seconds longer, then nodded to Rita before stepping away, leaving the house that had long stopped being a home.

As the police car disappeared into the distance, Susan muttered under her breath, "How does someone like him even know the head of patrol?"

"Are you sure this is everything?" Lisa asked her assistant, checking through the neatly packaged folder she held in her manicured hand.

"Yes, ma’am. That’s the most outstanding project we have. If JP Enterprises approves, it could breathe life into Ray Enterprises again," the assistant replied.

Lisa gave a satisfied nod and stepped into the driver’s seat of the sleek black SUV. As the assistant secretary of Ray Enterprises, this was her chance to make an impression that could fast-track her rise to the top. Promotion was within reach if this proposal went well.

It was early afternoon when she arrived at the imposing glass building of JP Enterprises. The logo gleamed under the sun, a symbol of unmatched success and prestige. She walked briskly through the entrance, heels clicking confidently on the marble floor, and introduced herself to the front desk staff.

"I’m here to see the President of JP Enterprises. I represent Ray Enterprises and have a proposal that demands his attention," she declared with poise.

The general secretary, seated calmly at the reception, glanced up and gave her a professional smile. "The President is currently away from his office. You may have to wait a bit. Would you prefer to sit here, or would you like to be notified upon his return?"

Lisa gave a nod. "I'll wait outside briefly. I left my phone in the car. Kindly notify me once he’s in."

She turned and walked outside. As she approached the parking lot, she noticed a familiar yet irritatingly disheveled figure walking into the building.

James.

He wore his usual plain, faded clothes hardly fitting for someone walking into a place like JP Enterprises. Lisa didn’t hesitate to launch an insult.

"Back again to beg, are we?" she said mockingly, narrowing her eyes as she crossed paths with him. "This isn’t a shelter for street men, James. Some places are just too grand for certain people."

James didn’t respond. He only glanced at her with the calm of a man who knew something she didn’t. Lisa rolled her eyes and headed back to retrieve her phone.

By the time she returned, the secretary informed her, "The President has just returned. You may go in now."

Lisa adjusted her blazer, tucked the folder neatly under her arm, and proceeded toward the private elevator that would take her to the executive floor. She entered the spacious office, ready to deliver her well-rehearsed pitch.

But as she stepped through the grand doors, she froze.

Seated confidently behind the massive desk, dressed in a sleek tailored suit, was James.

Her eyes widened in disbelief.

"What... what is this?" she stammered.

James looked up slowly, his expression unreadable.

"Miss Lisa," he said smoothly, "I see you’ve come to present a proposal."

She was completely speechless. The same man she had mocked moments ago now sat before her as the very person she came to impress.

"I didn’t know"

"No, you didn’t," James interjected, his tone firm but calm. "Unfortunately, I won’t be reviewing this proposal. JP Enterprises is not interested in any form of collaboration with Ray Enterprises at this time."

"But sir"

"You may leave now, Miss Lisa. Kindly ensure you exit the premises without further disturbance."

He pressed the intercom. "Security, please escort the representative from Ray Enterprises out of the building."

Crushed and humiliated, Lisa nodded awkwardly and backed out of the office, her hands trembling. As she exited the building, every step felt heavier than the last. She had blown her opportunity. Badly.

She drove back in silence, and when she reached Ray Enterprises, she delivered the unpleasant news.

"He rejected the proposal outright," she told the board members, struggling to mask her shaken pride. "I think… he holds something against us. He was cold. Dismissive."

Robert frowned, deeply perplexed. "Why would the President of JP Enterprises be so dismissive without even reviewing the content?"

He mulled it over in silence for a few seconds before his eyes lit up.

"Charles," he muttered to himself.

Everyone in the room turned toward him.

"Charles once introduced me to someone he said would someday become one of the most influential business minds in the country. Maybe he has a connection. Perhaps if I reach out to Charles, he can speak to the President on our behalf."

Without wasting time, Robert made the call. Charles, ever the gentleman, agreed to meet him over dinner the following evening.

The restaurant was quiet, with soft classical music playing in the background as they settled into a private booth. Wine glasses clinked, and after casual pleasantries, Robert finally laid out everything: the rejected proposal, the mounting pressure on Ray Enterprises, and the family’s desperation for investment.

Charles listened patiently.

"I see," he finally said, placing his glass down. "This is… complicated. I can’t make any promises, but I’ll have a conversation with the President myself. He listens to me. I’ll get back to you after we’ve spoken."

Robert gave a sigh of relief. "That’s all I ask."

Charles nodded.

"Let’s hope it’s not too late," he said softly.

"He's agreed to the investment, but there's a condition," Charles said with a steady voice, lowering the phone from his ear.

Christopher sat upright in his chair. "What condition?"

Charles hesitated briefly before responding. "He wants eighty percent ownership of Ray Enterprises in exchange for the investment funds."

The room fell silent.

Christopher’s brows furrowed. "Eighty percent? That’s nearly the entire company!"

"And yet it’s the only lifeline we have left," Nancy chimed in, standing beside Charles. "It’s this... or collapse."

Despite the protests that echoed through the Ray household, the truth was unavoidable the business was crumbling and in dire need of immediate funding. Left with no other viable option, the family begrudgingly accepted the condition and agreed to fix a date when the President of JP Enterprises would arrive in person to finalize the deal.

The day of reckoning came swiftly.

Everyone in Ray Enterprises was on edge. Christopher, Helen, Robert, Susan, and the rest of the executives were already seated in the boardroom. They whispered among themselves, speculating about the identity of the elusive president. No one expected what was to come.

The grand doors creaked open.

Charles entered first, followed closely by Sandra. Then, a third figure walked in calm, composed, and strikingly handsome in an immaculately tailored suit. James.

He carried himself with a quiet authority that immediately drew attention. His posture was upright, his gaze clear and unwavering. Yet the moment the Ray family saw him, chaos erupted.

"What is he doing here?!" Helen spat, her face contorted in fury. "This is a boardroom, not a shelter for the homeless!"

Susan sprang to her feet. "Security! Get this impostor out now!"

But before things spiraled further, Robert rose from his seat and raised a hand.

"Stop!" he commanded, silencing the room. "Before you embarrass yourselves any further, you should know this man is the President of JP Enterprises."

The revelation hit like a thunderclap. Mouths fell open, gasps echoed around the room. Some blinked in disbelief, others stared as if seeing James for the first time.

"Impossible," Helen whispered, shaking her head. "He’s just a... a beggar!"

"He was never what you thought he was," Robert said coolly. "And now, he’s your only chance."

James stepped forward, a faint smile playing on his lips.

"I was prepared to invest and take eighty percent," he began. "But after seeing the way I'm still being treated, I’ve had a change of heart."

He paused, letting the silence weigh heavily.

"I want eighty-five percent now."

The words struck like a blow. The room erupted again in murmurs and disbelief. Helen clenched her fists, fury simmering just beneath the surface.

"You can't be serious," she growled. "You’re trying to rob us"

"I’m offering to save you," James cut in firmly. "This business is days away from total collapse. Take the deal, or lose everything."

Christopher remained silent, his mind racing. The truth was undeniable. Ray Enterprises had no bargaining power left.

"Do we have a deal or not?" James asked again, his voice now tinged with impatience.

Helen opened her mouth to object, but Robert spoke first.

"We accept," he said solemnly.

With no more time to argue, the documents were signed by both parties. Ray Enterprises was now eighty-five percent owned by James, the man they had once called worthless.

But James wasn’t done.

"One more thing," he said, looking directly at Helen. "I know you’re now the general manager, a position handed to you after forcing my wife to step down when she refused to sign those pathetic divorce papers."

Helen stiffened.

"Reinstate Rita as general manager, and I’ll increase the investment to one point one billion dollars. That’s an additional two hundred million for her."

A collective gasp echoed through the room. Helen’s expression soured. She had no choice. Robert nodded after a long pause.

"Consider it done," he said.

Satisfied, James rose. He glanced at Susan, who was suddenly all smiles, her tone syrupy sweet as she tried to engage him in polite conversation. He ignored her completely.

He left the building with his uncle and Sandra, dignity intact, power reclaimed. Later that evening, Helen sat in her room, seething. She dialed a familiar number. When Mark picked up, she wasted no time.

"He’s the President of JP Enterprises, Mark," she hissed. "James owns eighty-five percent of this company now."

Mark was silent for a long while before chuckling bitterly. "So that’s why I was fired... why everything crumbled. No wonder."

Even in their separate storms, they found common ground in one thing hatred for James.

Mark’s eyes darkened. "I swear, Helen. He’ll pay for this."

"We’ll make sure of it," Helen replied, her voice low and vengeful.

@ 1bc70a01:24f6a411

We’re all daily users of Nostr, so it can be easy to see things through an advanced user lens while forgetting what it felt like to be a newbie. I thought I would take some time to go over major client from the start in hopes of evaluating what it might feel like for a new user.

The other reason for running this review is to hopefully improve the overall nostr retention rate across clients. As it stands, according to nostr.band, retention of trusted users 30 days after signups trends to 0 for recent cohorts. This seems to be supported by the lack of growth in daily active users, with the average remaining in the 10,000-12,000 range for “trusted” pub keys.

The following report consists of several criteria which I felt were essential to basic first-time social media experience:

1. Ease of signup
2. Ease of logging in
3. Ability to understand what you are looking at (sufficient explanations)
4. Seeing a good initial feed
5. Ability to follow something of interest
6. Minimizing technical /dev lingo
7. A fast scrolling experience
8. Ability to easily upload media
9. A good search experience overall
10. Good keyword searching
11. Hashtag searching
12. Ability to follow hashtags
13. Easily accessing followed hashtags
14. Good experience reacting to notes

In total there are 140 points, 10 for each category. This is by far not the most comprehensive score card, but I felt it did a decent job covering most things you’d want to do in a social client.

Some notes of caution:

1. This report and score card are meant to be a general quick glance at where your client may stand in overall UX. It does not differentiate between the intended target audiences.
2. The criteria that I deem important may not be important to you as the founder / developer, so take it for what it’s worth. Adding your desired criteria may increase your score significantly. For example, I did not evaluate the zap experience, or thoroughly test nested replies.
3. This report is not a substitute for proper user testing. It’s just one person’s observations. While we have done some user testing in the past, I highly recommend doing your own. You can do so by approaching and interviewing new users (if you are able to distinguish if they came from your client), or via other user testing software. Talk to me (@karnage) if you need some help getting set up.
4. People’s reported experience regarding usability may vary greatly depending on their familiarity with cryptographic concepts, their background, and technical experience. What I may deem as a great score of 10, may not be a 10 for others. I have seen user tests where “obvious” things were not obvious to testers.
5. This report only looks at the English language version of the client. The actual user experience for someone on a different language version of the app could be totally different from what is graded here. It’s worth considering geographies of where users are coming from and how they experience your client.
6. I did not test re-activation of new users. Meaning, once they close the app, I did not test if they are pulled back by some notification or other means. This is a crucial aspect of any new app usage that should be considered carefully.

Tested Clients: Damus, Amethyst, Primal iOS, Snort (web), Iris (sort of), Coracle, Nostur.

I also tested Instagram and X/Twitter for comparison.

Results, highest points to lowest: Primal iOS: 136 Twitter: 125 Instagram: 109 Nostur: 108 Coracle: 99 Amethyst: 93 Snort: 90 Damus: 87 Iris: N/A Facebook: could not test.

My main takeaway was that among all apps (including Twitter and Instagram), the traditional apps win simply by having much better content selection. You get to see a variety of interesting things that Nostr simply can’t match. Going forward, this is an area I would probably recommend focusing on - how to engage people to post more interesting content, onboard creators etc… Nostr is lacking in content and I believe this could be the primary reason people are not sticking around after trying it.

Other Nostr Notes:

There seemed to be little of interesting topics to follow or stick around for. The experience of joining nostr doesn't feel special or different in any way opposed to X for example. Twitter has interesting accounts, TikTok has interesting videos, what does Nostr have? The lack of "popular" conent due to the generally low number of users is probably to blame. In a way we suffer from the chicken / egg problem where new users are needed to generate more content, and more content is needed to retain new users. Going forward, I think clients should think about ways to encourage users to share content (whether that be their own, or posted from other platforms). Nostr also does not seem to have any external growth loops. For example, there is no way to invite people to the platform by email with a single click (by accessing the address book). Even if a friend does manage to join and you can find them, they are in no way notified when tagged (as far as I know). People have to have a habit of opening the app to know if something is happening. The habit formation of using a new app is important in the early usage phase and nostr seems to have a weak spot here.

You can find all of the detailed scoring, notes for each client and other thoughts in this spreadsheet: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/14w8-aQ1sHfGBSuNpqvOA9i7PHNSfhn6lUOV6H293caw/edit?usp=sharing

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

This walkthrough examines the integration of these three tools as a combined financial instrument, focusing on their functionality, security benefits, and practical applications. Specter Desktop offers a user-friendly interface for managing Bitcoin wallets, Bitcoin Core provides a full node for transaction validation, and Coldcard provides the hardware security necessary to safeguard private keys. Together, these tools offer a robust and secure environment for managing Bitcoin holdings, protecting them from both online and physical threats.

We will explore their individual roles in Bitcoin management, how they can be integrated to offer a cohesive solution, and the installation and configuration process on OpenBSD. Additionally, security considerations and practical use cases will be addressed to demonstrate the advantages of this setup compared to alternative Bitcoin management solutions.

2.1 Specter Desktop

Specter Desktop is a Bitcoin wallet management software that provides a powerful, open-source interface for interacting with Bitcoin nodes. Built with an emphasis on multi-signature wallets and hardware wallet integration, Specter Desktop is designed to serve as an all-in-one solution for users who prioritize security and self-custody. It integrates seamlessly with Bitcoin Core and various hardware wallets, including Coldcard, and supports advanced features such as multi-signature wallets, which offer additional layers of security for managing Bitcoin funds.

2.2 Bitcoin Core

Bitcoin Core is the reference implementation of the Bitcoin protocol and serves as the backbone of the Bitcoin network. Running a Bitcoin Core full node provides users with the ability to independently verify all transactions and blocks on the network, ensuring trustless interaction with the blockchain. This is crucial for achieving full decentralization and autonomy, as Bitcoin Core ensures that users do not rely on third parties to confirm the validity of transactions. Furthermore, Bitcoin Core allows users to interact with the Bitcoin network via the command-line interface or a graphical user interface (GUI), offering flexibility in how one can participate in the Bitcoin ecosystem.

2.3 Coldcard

Coldcard is a Bitcoin hardware wallet that prioritizes security and privacy. It is designed to store private keys offline, away from any internet-connected devices, making it an essential tool for protecting Bitcoin holdings from online threats such as malware or hacking. Coldcard’s secure hardware environment ensures that private keys never leave the device, providing an air-gapped solution for cold storage. Its open-source firmware allows users to audit the wallet’s code and operations, ensuring that the device behaves exactly as expected.

2.4 Roles in Bitcoin Management

Each of these components plays a distinct yet complementary role in Bitcoin management:

• Specter Desktop: Acts as the interface for wallet management and multi-signature wallet configuration.
• Bitcoin Core: Provides a full node for transaction verification and interacts with the Bitcoin network.
• Coldcard: Safeguards private keys by storing them securely in hardware, providing offline signing capabilities for transactions.

Together, these tools offer a comprehensive and secure environment for managing Bitcoin funds.

3. Integration

3.1 How Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard Work Together

The integration of Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard offers a cohesive solution for managing and securing Bitcoin. Here's how these components interact:

1. Bitcoin Core runs as a full node, providing a fully verified and trustless Bitcoin network. It validates all transactions and blocks independently.
2. Specter Desktop communicates with Bitcoin Core to manage Bitcoin wallets, including setting up multi-signature wallets and connecting to hardware wallets like Coldcard.
3. Coldcard is used to securely store the private keys for Bitcoin transactions. When a transaction is created in Specter Desktop, it is signed offline on the Coldcard device before being broadcasted to the Bitcoin network.

The main advantages of this setup include:

• Self-Sovereignty: By using Bitcoin Core and Coldcard, the user has complete control over their funds and does not rely on third-party services for transaction verification or key management.
• Enhanced Security: Coldcard provides the highest level of security for private keys, protecting them from online attacks and malware. Specter Desktop’s integration with Coldcard ensures a user-friendly method for interacting with the hardware wallet.
• Privacy: Using Bitcoin Core allows users to run their own full node, ensuring that they are not dependent on third-party servers, which could compromise privacy.

This integration, in combination with a user-friendly interface from Specter Desktop, allows Bitcoin holders to manage their funds securely, efficiently, and with full autonomy.

3.2 Advantages of This Setup

The combined use of Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard offers several advantages over alternative Bitcoin management solutions:

• Enhanced Security: The use of an air-gapped Coldcard wallet ensures private keys never leave the device, even when signing transactions. Coupled with Bitcoin Core’s full node validation, this setup offers unparalleled protection against online threats and attacks.
• Decentralization: Running a full Bitcoin Core node ensures that the user has full control over transaction validation, removing any dependence on centralized third-party services.
• User-Friendly Interface: Specter Desktop simplifies the management of multi-signature wallets and integrates seamlessly with Coldcard, making it accessible even to non-technical users.

4. Installation on OpenBSD

This section provides a step-by-step guide to installing Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and setting up Coldcard on OpenBSD.

4.1 Installing Bitcoin Core

OpenBSD Bitcoin Core Build Guide

Updated for OpenBSD 7.6

This guide outlines the process of building Bitcoin Core (bitcoind), its command-line utilities, and the Bitcoin GUI (bitcoin-qt) on OpenBSD. It covers necessary dependencies, installation steps, and configuration details specific to OpenBSD.

Table of Contents

1. Preparation
2. Installing Required Dependencies
3. Cloning the Bitcoin Core Repository
4. Installing Optional Dependencies
   • Wallet Dependencies
   • GUI Dependencies
5. Building Bitcoin Core
6. Configuration
7. Compilation
8. Resource Limit Adjustments

---

1. Preparation

Before beginning the build process, ensure your system is up-to-date and that you have the necessary dependencies installed.

1.1 Installing Required Dependencies

As the root user, install the base dependencies required for building Bitcoin Core:

bash pkg_add git cmake boost libevent

For a complete list of all dependencies, refer to dependencies.md.

1.2 Cloning the Bitcoin Core Repository

Next, clone the official Bitcoin Core repository to a directory. All build commands will be executed from this directory.

bash git clone https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git

1.3 Installing Optional Dependencies

Bitcoin Core supports optional dependencies for advanced functionality such as wallet support, GUI features, and notifications. Below are the details for the installation of optional dependencies.

1.3.1 Wallet Dependencies

While it is not necessary to build wallet functionality for running bitcoind or bitcoin-qt, if you need wallet functionality:

• Descriptor Wallet Support: SQLite is required for descriptor wallet functionality.

  bash pkg_add sqlite3

• Legacy Wallet Support: BerkeleyDB is needed for legacy wallet support. It is recommended to use Berkeley DB 4.8. The BerkeleyDB library from OpenBSD ports cannot be used directly, so you will need to build it from source using the depends folder.

  Run the following command to build it (adjust the path as necessary):

  bash gmake -C depends NO_BOOST=1 NO_LIBEVENT=1 NO_QT=1 NO_ZMQ=1 NO_USDT=1

  After building BerkeleyDB, set the environment variable BDB_PREFIX to point to the appropriate directory:

  bash export BDB_PREFIX="[path_to_berkeleydb]"

1.3.2 GUI Dependencies

Bitcoin Core includes a GUI built with Qt6. To compile the GUI, the following dependencies are required:

• Qt6: Install the necessary parts of the Qt6 framework for GUI support.

  bash pkg_add qt6-qtbase qt6-qttools

• libqrencode: The GUI can generate QR codes for addresses. To enable this feature, install libqrencode:

  bash pkg_add libqrencode

  If you don't need QR encoding support, use the -DWITH_QRENCODE=OFF option during the configuration step to disable it.

1.3.3 Notification Dependencies

Bitcoin Core can provide notifications through ZeroMQ. If you require this functionality, install ZeroMQ:

bash pkg_add zeromq

1.3.4 Test Suite Dependencies

Bitcoin Core includes a test suite for development and testing purposes. To run the test suite, you will need Python 3 and the ZeroMQ Python bindings:

bash pkg_add python py3-zmq

---

2. Building Bitcoin Core

Once all dependencies are installed, follow these steps to configure and compile Bitcoin Core.

2.1 Configuration

Bitcoin Core offers various configuration options. Below are two common setups:

• Descriptor Wallet and GUI: Enables descriptor wallet support and the GUI. This requires SQLite and Qt6.

  bash cmake -B build -DBUILD_GUI=ON

  To see all available configuration options, run:

  bash cmake -B build -LH

• Descriptor & Legacy Wallet, No GUI: Enables support for both descriptor and legacy wallets, but no GUI.

  bash cmake -B build -DBerkeleyDB_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH="${BDB_PREFIX}/include" -DWITH_BDB=ON

2.2 Compile

After configuration, compile the project using the following command. Use the -j N option to parallelize the build process, where N is the number of CPU cores you want to use.

bash cmake --build build

To run the test suite after building, use:

bash ctest --test-dir build

If Python 3 is not installed, some tests may be skipped.

2.3 Resource Limit Adjustments

OpenBSD's default resource limits are quite restrictive and may cause build failures, especially due to memory issues. If you encounter memory-related errors, increase the data segment limit temporarily for the current shell session:

bash ulimit -d 3000000

To make the change permanent for all users, modify the datasize-cur and datasize-max values in /etc/login.conf and reboot the system.

---

Now Consider

By following these steps, you will be able to successfully build Bitcoin Core on OpenBSD 7.6. This guide covers the installation of essential and optional dependencies, configuration, and the compilation process. Make sure to adjust the resource limits if necessary, especially when dealing with larger codebases.

4.2 Installing Specter Desktop What To Consider

Specter Installation Guide for OpenBSD with Coldcard

This simply aims to provide OpenBSD users with a comprehensive and streamlined process for installing Specter, a Bitcoin wallet management tool. Tailored to those integrating Coldcard hardware wallets with Specter, this guide will help users navigate the installation process, considering various technical levels and preferences. Whether you're a beginner or an advanced user, the guide will empower you to make informed decisions about which installation method suits your needs best.

---

Specter Installation Methods on OpenBSD

Specter offers different installation methods to accommodate various technical skills and environments. Here, we explore each installation method in the context of OpenBSD, while considering integration with Coldcard for enhanced security in Bitcoin operations.

1. OS-Specific Installation on OpenBSD

Installing Specter directly from OpenBSD's packages or source is an excellent option for users who prefer system-native solutions. This method ensures that Specter integrates seamlessly with OpenBSD’s environment.

• Advantages:
• Easy Installation: Package managers (if available on OpenBSD) simplify the process.
• System Compatibility: Ensures that Specter works well with OpenBSD’s unique system configurations.

• Convenience: Can be installed on the same machine that runs Bitcoin Core, offering an integrated solution for managing both Bitcoin Core and Coldcard.

• Disadvantages:

• System-Specific Constraints: OpenBSD’s minimalistic approach might require manual adjustments, especially in terms of dependencies or running services.

• Updates: You may need to manually update Specter if updates aren’t regularly packaged for OpenBSD.

• Ideal Use Case: Ideal for users looking for a straightforward, system-native installation that integrates with the local Bitcoin node and uses the Coldcard hardware wallet.

---

2. PIP Installation on OpenBSD

For those comfortable working in Python environments, PIP installation offers a flexible approach for installing Specter.

• Advantages:
• Simplicity: If you’re already managing Python environments, PIP provides a straightforward and easy method for installation.
• Version Control: Gives users direct control over the version of Specter being installed.

• Integration: Works well with any existing Python workflow.

• Disadvantages:

• Python Dependency Management: OpenBSD users may face challenges when managing dependencies, as Python setups on OpenBSD can be non-standard.

• Technical Knowledge: Requires familiarity with Python and pip, which may not be ideal for non-technical users.

• Ideal Use Case: Suitable for Python-savvy users who already use Python-based workflows and need more granular control over their installations.

---

3. Docker Installation

If you're familiar with Docker, running Specter Desktop in Docker containers is a fantastic way to isolate the installation and avoid conflicts with the OpenBSD system.

• Advantages:
• Isolation: Docker ensures Specter runs in an isolated environment, reducing system conflicts.
• Portability: Once set up, Docker containers can be replicated across various platforms and devices.

• Consistent Environment: Docker ensures consistency in the Specter installation, regardless of underlying OS differences.

• Disadvantages:

• Docker Setup: OpenBSD’s Docker support isn’t as seamless as other operating systems, potentially requiring extra steps to get everything running.

• Complexity: For users unfamiliar with Docker, the initial setup can be more challenging.

• Ideal Use Case: Best for advanced users familiar with Docker environments who require a reproducible and isolated installation.

---

4. Manual Build from Source (Advanced Users)

For users looking for full control over the installation process, building Specter from source on OpenBSD offers the most flexibility.

• Advantages:
• Customization: You can customize Specter’s functionality and integrate it deeply into your system or workflow.

• Control: Full control over the build and version management process.

• Disadvantages:

• Complex Setup: Requires familiarity with development environments, build tools, and dependency management.

• Time-Consuming: The process of building from source can take longer, especially on OpenBSD, which may lack certain automated build systems for Specter.

• Ideal Use Case: Best for experienced developers who want to customize Specter to meet specific needs or integrate Coldcard with unique configurations.

---

5. Node-Specific Integrations (e.g., Raspiblitz, Umbrel, etc.)

If you’re using a Bitcoin node like Raspiblitz or Umbrel along with Specter, these node-specific integrations allow you to streamline wallet management directly from the node interface.

• Advantages:
• Seamless Integration: Integrates Specter directly into the node's wallet management system.

• Efficient: Allows for efficient management of both Bitcoin Core and Coldcard in a unified environment.

• Disadvantages:

• Platform Limitation: Not applicable to OpenBSD directly unless you're running a specific node on the same system.

• Additional Hardware Requirements: Running a dedicated node requires extra hardware resources.

• Ideal Use Case: Perfect for users already managing Bitcoin nodes with integrated Specter support and Coldcard hardware wallets.

---

6. Using Package Managers (Homebrew for Linux/macOS)

If you're running OpenBSD on a machine that also supports Homebrew, this method can simplify installation.

• Advantages:
• Simple Setup: Package managers like Homebrew streamline the installation process.

• Automated Dependency Management: Handles all dependencies automatically, reducing setup complexity.

• Disadvantages:

• Platform Limitation: Package managers like Homebrew are more commonly used on macOS and Linux, not on OpenBSD.

• Version Control: May not offer the latest Specter version depending on the repository.

• Ideal Use Case: Best for users with Homebrew installed, though it may be less relevant for OpenBSD users.

---

Installation Decision Tree for OpenBSD with Coldcard

1. Do you prefer system-native installation or Docker?
2. System-native (OpenBSD-specific packages) → Proceed to installation via OS package manager.

3. Docker → Set up Docker container for isolated Specter installation.

4. Are you comfortable with Python?

5. Yes → Install using PIP for Python-based environments.

6. No → Move to direct installation methods like Docker or manual build.

7. Do you have a specific Bitcoin node to integrate with?

8. Yes → Consider node-specific integrations like Raspiblitz or Umbrel.
9. No → Install using Docker or manual source build.

---

Now Consider

When installing Specter on OpenBSD, consider factors such as your technical expertise, hardware resources, and the need for integration with Coldcard. Beginners might prefer simpler methods like OS-specific packages or Docker, while advanced users will benefit from building from source for complete control over the installation. Choose the method that best fits your environment to maximize your Bitcoin wallet management capabilities.

4.3 Setting Up Coldcard

Refer to the "Coldcard Setup Documentation" section for the installation and configuration instructions specific to Coldcard. At the end of writing.

---

5. Security Considerations

When using Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard together, users benefit from a layered security approach:

• Bitcoin Core offers transaction validation and network security, ensuring that all transactions are verified independently.
• Coldcard provides air-gapped hardware wallet functionality, ensuring private keys are never exposed to potentially compromised devices.
• Specter Desktop facilitates user-friendly management of multi-signature wallets while integrating the security of Bitcoin Core and Coldcard.

However, users must also be aware of potential security risks, including:

• Coldcard Physical Theft: If the Coldcard device is stolen, the attacker would need the PIN code to access the wallet, but physical security must always be maintained.
• Backup Security: Users must securely back up their Coldcard recovery seed to prevent loss of access to funds.

6. Use Cases and Practical Applications

The integration of Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard is especially beneficial for:

• High-Value Bitcoin Holders: Those managing large sums of Bitcoin can ensure top-tier security with a multi-signature wallet setup and Coldcard’s air-gapped security.
• Privacy-Conscious Users: Bitcoin Core allows for full network verification, preventing third-party servers from seeing transaction details.
• Cold Storage Solutions: For users who want to keep their Bitcoin safe long-term, the Coldcard provides a secure offline solution while still enabling easy access via Specter Desktop.

7. Coldcard Setup Documentation

Setup Guides

This section should provide clear, step-by-step instructions for configuring and using the Coldcard hardware wallet, including how to pair it with Specter Desktop, set up multi-signature wallets, and perform basic operations like signing transactions.

---

8. Consider

The system you ant to adopt inculcates, integrating Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard provides a powerful, secure, and decentralized solution for managing Bitcoin. This setup not only prioritizes user privacy and security but also provides an intuitive interface for even non-technical users. The combination of full node validation, multi-signature support, and air-gapped hardware wallet storage ensures that Bitcoin holdings are protected from both online and physical threats.

As the Bitcoin landscape continues to evolve, this setup can serve as a robust model for self-sovereign financial management, with the potential for future developments to enhance security and usability.

@ e46f3a64:4426aaf9

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What’s Inside? Clear Market Analysis – No jargon, just straight-to-the-point insights on market size, growth, and trends. You’ll know exactly where the industry stands and where it’s headed, with clear data-backed predictions. Who’s Leading the Game? – Discover top players, their strategies, and how you can compete. We give you an in-depth look at the biggest players in the industry and how they’ve achieved success, providing actionable insights for your own business. Hot Growth Opportunities – Find out which regions and segments are booming—so you can jump on the next big opportunity! Our research pinpoints high-potential markets, allowing you to make timely, data-driven decisions. Real-World Insights – Get practical tips for product development, marketing, and expansion. We show you how to implement successful strategies based on what the leading companies are doing, and the trends that are making waves. Why Trust This Report? We’ve done the heavy lifting—analyzing data, trends, and competition—so you can make smart, confident decisions. Plus, we include a PESTEL Analysis to help you understand political, economic, social, and tech factors shaping the market, giving you a comprehensive understanding of the macro-environment.

Don’t miss out—download a FREE sample with key graphs, data, and insights : https://straitsresearch.com/report/synthetic-fuels-market/request-sample

Market Segments Covered: By Production Method Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) Electrolysis-based Methods By Applications Gasoline Diesel Jet Fuel Others By End-User Transportation Power Generation Industrial Others Top Key Players: Audi AG Royal Dutch Shell Plc ExxonMobil Corporation PetroChina Company Limited Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Reliance Industries Ltd. Phillips 66 Company Got Questions? We’ve Got Answers! How big is the Synthetic Fuels Market market, and where’s it headed? Which regions are the next big growth hubs? What’s driving (or slowing) market growth? By Region North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico) – Learn about market trends, challenges, and opportunities in North America, one of the most dynamic regions.

Europe (UK, Germany, France, and more) – Gain insights into Europe’s evolving market, focusing on the countries with the highest potential for growth.

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, and fast-growing markets) – Discover the rapid changes happening in Asia Pacific, home to some of the world’s fastest-growing economies and industries.

Middle East & Africa (GCC, South Africa, Nigeria, and emerging economies) – Unlock the potential in Middle Eastern and African markets, understanding what drives demand in these emerging regions.

South America (Brazil, Argentina, and beyond) – Explore the opportunities and challenges in South America’s growing markets, as well as the top sectors to focus on.

Stay Ahead with Straits Research Stay Ahead with Straits Research We’re a trusted name in market intelligence, helping businesses like yours make smarter moves. From tech to healthcare, we’ve got the insights you need to win. Our reports are crafted with precision and backed by reliable data, ensuring you’re always ahead of the curve in a competitive landscape.

More Industry Reports & Updates:

https://sites.google.com/view/consumerandpackageingresearchr/home/anti-aging-products-market-size

https://sites.google.com/view/consumerandpackageingresearchr/home/solar-tracker-installation-market

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Fathers Day seems like a good time to launch Parent Corner. I'm hoping this will catch on as an irregularly recurring series. It's inspired by the segment of the same name on The Bill Simmons Podcast.

The idea is pretty straightforward: just share a recent parenting anecdote or thought (ideally one that has happened since the previous parent corner).

What better way to describe parenting than ~mostly_harmless? As such, I'm volunteering @elvismercury's territory to house this series.

I'd love it if other stackers initiated these in the future, when they had parenting stuff to share.

My daughter (4 years old) has been making "swings" for her stuffed animals for the past couple of weeks. She's been greatly delighting in pushing them on their "swings" and, of course, making us do so too.

The thing is, these swings always end up looking like her animals have been executed by hanging. They swing from the top of our staircase down into the living room. If we didn't get everything tidied up from the day before, I wake up and go downstairs to be surprised by quite the gruesome scene.

It's such a stark example of innocence that to her it's just her stuffies enjoying a nice swing.

cc: @grayruby, @cryotosensei, @gnilma, @bief57, @anniedustan (apologies if I omitted anyone)

@ e46f3a64:4426aaf9

Want to stay ahead in the fast-changing Air Conditioning System Market industry? Our report breaks down all the key insights—so you don’t have to! Whether you're a business owner, investor, or just curious about market trends, we’ve got you covered.

According to Straits Research, The Air Conditioning System Market size was valued at USD 119.77 Billion in 2022. It is projected to reach USD 202.34 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 6% during the forecast period (2022-2031).

Get Your Sample Report Now : https://straitsresearch.com/report/air-conditioning-system-market/request-sample

What’s Inside? Clear Market Analysis – No jargon, just straight-to-the-point insights on market size, growth, and trends. You’ll know exactly where the industry stands and where it’s headed, with clear data-backed predictions. Who’s Leading the Game? – Discover top players, their strategies, and how you can compete. We give you an in-depth look at the biggest players in the industry and how they’ve achieved success, providing actionable insights for your own business. Hot Growth Opportunities – Find out which regions and segments are booming—so you can jump on the next big opportunity! Our research pinpoints high-potential markets, allowing you to make timely, data-driven decisions. Real-World Insights – Get practical tips for product development, marketing, and expansion. We show you how to implement successful strategies based on what the leading companies are doing, and the trends that are making waves. Why Trust This Report? We’ve done the heavy lifting—analyzing data, trends, and competition—so you can make smart, confident decisions. Plus, we include a PESTEL Analysis to help you understand political, economic, social, and tech factors shaping the market, giving you a comprehensive understanding of the macro-environment.

Don’t miss out—download a FREE sample with key graphs, data, and insights : https://straitsresearch.com/report/air-conditioning-system-market/request-sample

Market Segments Covered: By Type Unitary Rooftop Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner (PTAC) By Technology Inverter Non-Inverter By End-User Residential Commercial Industrial Top Key Players: Daikin Industries Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric Trane HVAC US LLC Carrier Haier Group ALFA LAVAL BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Electrolux AB Corporation Ingersoll-Rand plc (Trane Technologies plc) Got Questions? We’ve Got Answers! How big is the Air Conditioning System Market market, and where’s it headed? Which regions are the next big growth hubs? What’s driving (or slowing) market growth? By Region North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico) – Learn about market trends, challenges, and opportunities in North America, one of the most dynamic regions.

Europe (UK, Germany, France, and more) – Gain insights into Europe’s evolving market, focusing on the countries with the highest potential for growth.

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, and fast-growing markets) – Discover the rapid changes happening in Asia Pacific, home to some of the world’s fastest-growing economies and industries.

Middle East & Africa (GCC, South Africa, Nigeria, and emerging economies) – Unlock the potential in Middle Eastern and African markets, understanding what drives demand in these emerging regions.

South America (Brazil, Argentina, and beyond) – Explore the opportunities and challenges in South America’s growing markets, as well as the top sectors to focus on.

Stay Ahead with Straits Research Stay Ahead with Straits Research We’re a trusted name in market intelligence, helping businesses like yours make smarter moves. From tech to healthcare, we’ve got the insights you need to win. Our reports are crafted with precision and backed by reliable data, ensuring you’re always ahead of the curve in a competitive landscape.

More Industry Reports & Updates:

https://sites.google.com/view/consumerandpackageingresearchr/home/furniture-market-size

https://sites.google.com/view/consumerandpackageingresearchr/home/anti-aging-products-market-size

@ 6ccf5232:5c74f0cb

H2Bet se destaca como uma das plataformas de jogos online mais inovadoras e emocionantes, oferecendo uma experiência dinâmica e imersiva para jogadores de todo o Brasil. Com uma ampla seleção de jogos, design fácil de usar e atendimento ao cliente excepcional, a H2Bet é uma das melhores escolhas para quem busca uma experiência de entretenimento online de qualidade. Este artigo abordará as principais características da plataforma, as opções de jogos e a experiência geral que a H2Bet oferece aos seus jogadores.

A H2bet é uma plataforma de jogos online criada para atender tanto iniciantes quanto jogadores experientes. Sua interface moderna e intuitiva garante que a navegação seja simples, permitindo que os jogadores encontrem facilmente seus jogos e recursos preferidos. Se você está jogando no computador ou em um dispositivo móvel, a H2Bet oferece uma experiência sem interrupções graças ao seu design responsivo.

Um dos principais diferenciais da H2Bet é o seu compromisso com a criação de um ambiente seguro e protegido para os jogadores. A plataforma utiliza tecnologia de criptografia de ponta, garantindo que suas informações pessoais e transações financeiras sejam mantidas em total segurança. Além disso, a H2Bet oferece uma variedade de métodos de pagamento, incluindo opções locais para jogadores brasileiros, facilitando depósitos e retiradas de forma rápida e segura.

A H2Bet também valoriza a transparência e a responsabilidade no jogo, oferecendo informações claras sobre os termos e condições da plataforma, além de um compromisso com práticas responsáveis para que os jogadores possam desfrutar de suas experiências de forma consciente e segura. Com essas medidas em vigor, os jogadores podem se sentir confiantes ao usar a plataforma.

Uma Ampla Gama de Jogos A H2Bet oferece uma vasta seleção de jogos que atendem a todos os gostos e preferências. De jogos de ação intensa, que mantêm a adrenalina lá em cima, a jogos mais estratégicos, que exigem habilidade e paciência, há opções para todos os tipos de jogadores. A plataforma conta com parcerias com os principais fornecedores de jogos, garantindo que cada título seja de alta qualidade, com gráficos envolventes e mecânicas emocionantes.

Jogos de Mesa e Cartas Para os jogadores que apreciam os jogos tradicionais, a H2Bet oferece uma excelente seleção de jogos de mesa, como blackjack, bacará e roleta. Cada um desses jogos está disponível em diversas versões, permitindo que os jogadores escolham o estilo que mais gostam. Seja você um jogador casual ou alguém que se dedica à estratégia, esses jogos oferecem o equilíbrio perfeito entre entretenimento e desafio.

Máquinas de Caça-Níqueis A seção de slots da H2Bet é uma das ofertas mais emocionantes da plataforma. Com uma grande variedade de temas e recursos bônus, as máquinas de caça-níqueis oferecem horas de diversão. Os jogadores podem escolher entre jogos simples e rápidos ou opções mais complexas, com várias linhas de pagamento e rodadas de bônus. Seja qual for sua preferência, a H2Bet tem algo para oferecer aos fãs de slots.

Jogos ao Vivo Para aqueles que buscam uma experiência mais imersiva e interativa, a H2Bet também oferece jogos ao vivo. Esses jogos são transmitidos em tempo real, com dealers profissionais e ação real, proporcionando uma experiência semelhante à de um ambiente físico de jogos. A roleta ao vivo, blackjack e outros jogos oferecem uma atmosfera social e envolvente, tornando o momento ainda mais emocionante.

Experiência do Jogador Excepcional No centro da H2Bet está a experiência do jogador. A plataforma foi projetada para garantir que cada jogador, independentemente de sua experiência, tenha uma experiência de jogo tranquila, divertida e envolvente.

Um dos maiores diferenciais da H2Bet é sua interface intuitiva. Os jogadores podem navegar facilmente pelas categorias de jogos, explorar novos títulos e acessar todos os recursos da plataforma sem complicação. O layout é limpo e organizado, permitindo que os jogadores se concentrem no que realmente importa: se divertir.

Além disso, o suporte ao cliente da H2Bet está disponível 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, garantindo que qualquer dúvida ou problema seja resolvido de forma rápida e eficiente. Os jogadores podem entrar em contato por meio do chat ao vivo ou por e-mail, e a equipe de suporte é reconhecida pela sua cordialidade, conhecimento e rapidez no atendimento.

A H2Bet também oferece uma experiência otimizada para dispositivos móveis, permitindo que os jogadores aproveitem seus jogos favoritos a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar. Se você estiver usando um smartphone ou tablet, a versão móvel da H2Bet oferece a mesma qualidade e recursos que a versão para desktop, garantindo que sua diversão não tenha limites.

Bônus e Promoções A H2Bet recompensa seus jogadores com uma variedade de bônus e promoções, tanto para novos quanto para jogadores regulares. Novos jogadores são recebidos com ofertas de boas-vindas atraentes, proporcionando a oportunidade de explorar a plataforma sem precisar de um grande depósito inicial. Jogadores frequentes podem se beneficiar de promoções contínuas e programas de fidelidade, o que garante que eles sejam sempre premiados pela sua lealdade. Esses bônus são uma excelente maneira de aumentar o tempo de jogo e, quem sabe, aumentar as chances de vitória.

Conclusão A H2Bet é uma excelente opção para jogadores brasileiros que buscam uma plataforma completa, segura e divertida para jogos online. Com uma vasta seleção de jogos, foco na satisfação do jogador e forte compromisso com a segurança, a H2Bet oferece uma experiência de jogo excepcional para todos os tipos de jogadores. Se você é fã de jogos clássicos de mesa, caça-níqueis emocionantes ou uma experiência ao vivo realista, a H2Bet tem tudo o que você precisa. Sua interface fácil de usar, suporte ao cliente eficiente e promoções generosas tornam a H2Bet uma das plataformas de entretenimento online mais atraentes do mercado.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Happy Fathers Day!

In case you missed it: June 15th

Today, I reduced the payout to top stackers, in order to cover zapping the top posts and comments.

June 16th, 2023 📅

---

📝 TOP POST

Show SN: First release of my open-source Stacker News client :zap:

Excerpt:

Today, I'm thrilled to announce the first public release of a Stacker News client that I've been working on for the past few weeks. This app is a revamped version of a Hacker News app I developed a few years ago, and I believe it has finally reached a point where it's genuinely useful and (mostly) working. In fact, I've been using it daily to stay up-to-date with the top news on Bitcoin and Nostr! ⚡️

8475 sats \ 23 comments \ @felipe

---

💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/193990/r/Undisciplined?commentId=193995

DarthCoin's best orange pill story (this is a Stacker News classic)

1517 sats \ 2 replies \ @DarthCoin

---

🏆 TOP STACKER

2nd place: @k00b (1st place presumed to be @siggy47)

9793 stacked \ 21.5k spent \ 5 posts \ 14 comments \ 0 referrals

https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng

June 16th, 2022 📅

---

📝 TOP POST

New lightning explorer with advanced search and filter capabilities now publicly available | bolt.observer

We are thrilled to announce that our explorer is now available without registration! Explore the #lightningnetwork with https://bolt.observer/explorer

1465 sats \ 5000 boost \ 14 comments \ @boltobserver

---

💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/36792/r/Undisciplined?commentId=36799

Lyn Alden

190 sats \ 1 reply \ @gmd

---

🏆 TOP STACKER

@k00b

1446 stacked \ 8900 spent \ 6 posts \ 14 comments \ 0 referrals

https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng

June 16th, 2021 📅

---

📝 TOP POST

Stephan Livera live tweets "Bitcoin Mining Council" meeting

Link to https://twitter.com/stephanlivera/status/1405333653157072898

1 sat \ 1 boost \ 0 comments \ @k00b

---

💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/26/r/Undisciplined?commentId=50

afaict there isn't a ton of consensus around this being the soft fork yet https://twitter.com/zndtoshi/status/1405235804549566464

0 sats \ 0 replies \ @k00b

---

🏆 TOP STACKER

Empty

@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848

This is a part of the Bitcoin Infinity Academy course on Knut Svanholm's book Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics. For more information, check out our Geyser page!

Scarcity

What makes a commodity scarce? What is scarcity in the first place? What other properties can be deducted from an object’s scarcity? How are scarcity, energy, time, and value connected? Scarcity might seem easy to describe on the surface, but in reality, it’s not. Not when you take infinity into account. Infinity is a concept that has puzzled the human mind for as long as it has been able to imagine it. If it ever has. It is a very abstract concept, and it’s always linked to time simply because even imagining an infinite number would take an infinite amount of time. If we truly live in an infinite universe, scarcity cannot exist. If something exists in an infinite universe, an infinite number of copies of this something must also exist since the probability of this being true would also be infinite in an infinite universe. Therefore, scarcity must always be defined within a set framework. No frame, no scarcity.

Think of it this way: the most expensive artwork ever sold at the time of writing was the Salvator Mundi, painted by Leonardo da Vinci. It’s not even a particularly beautiful painting, so why the high price? Because Da Vinci originals are scarce. A poster of the painting isn’t expensive at all, but the original will cost you at least 450 million US Dollars. All because we agree to frame its scarcity around the notion that it is a Da Vinci original, of which under twenty exist today. Historically, scarcity has always been framed around real-world limits to the supply of a good. Most of the great thinkers of the Austrian school of economics from the twentieth century believed that the value of a monetary good arises from its scarcity and that scarcity is always connected to the real-world availability of that good. Most of them believed that a gold standard would be the hardest form of money that we would ever see and the closest thing to an absolutely scarce resource as we would ever know.

In the late 90’s, the cryptographers that laid the groundwork for what would become Bitcoin reimagined scarcity as anything with an unforgeable costliness. This mindset is key to understanding the connection between scarcity and value. Anything can be viewed as scarce if it’s sufficiently hard to produce and hard to fake the production cost of — in other words, easy to verify the validity of. The zeros at the beginning of a hashed Bitcoin block are the Proof of Work that proves that the created coins in that block were costly to produce. People who promote the idea that the mining algorithm used to produce Bitcoin could be more environmentally friendly or streamlined are either deliberately lying or missing the point. The energy expenditure is the very thing that gives the token its value because it provides proof to the network that enough computing power was sacrificed in order to keep the network sufficiently decentralized and thus resistant to change. "Easy to verify" is the flipside of the "unforgeable costliness" coin. The validity of a Bitcoin block is very easy to verify since all you need to do is look at its hash, make sure the block is part of the strongest chain, and that it conforms to all consensus rules. In order to check whether a gold bar is real or not, you probably need to trust a third party. Fiat money often comes with a plethora of water stamps, holograms, and metal stripes, so in a sense, they’re hard to forge. What you cannot know about a fiat currency at any given moment, though, is how much of it is in circulation. What you do know about fiat currencies is that they’re not scarce.

Bitcoin provides us with absolute scarcity for the first time in human history. It is a remarkable breakthrough. Even though you can’t make jewelry or anything else out of Bitcoin, its total supply is fixed. After the year 2140, after the last Bitcoin has been mined, the total amount of Bitcoin in circulation can only go down. This limited supply is what the gold standards of the past were there for in the first place. Bitcoin’s supply is much more limited than that of gold, however, since they will be lost as time goes by. Since the supply is so limited, it doesn’t matter what the current demand is. The potential upside to its value is literally limitless due to this relationship between supply and demand. The “backing” that other currencies have is only there to assume people that the currency will keep its value over time, and the only way of ensuring this is to limit the supply. Bitcoin does this better than any other thing before it. Leonardo da Vinci’s original paintings are extremely valuable because of Leonardo’s brand name and the fact that there are only about 13 of them left. One day there’ll be less than one left. The same is true for Bitcoin.

Scarcity on the Internet was long believed to be an impossible invention, and it took a multi-talented genius such as Satoshi Nakamoto to figure out all the different parts that make Bitcoin so much more than the sum of them. His disappearance from the project was one such part, maybe the most important one. The thing about computerized scarcity is that it was a one-time invention. Once it was invented, the invention could not be recreated. That’s just the nature of data. Computers are designed to be able to replicate any data set any number of times. This is true for every piece of code there is, and digital scarcity needed to be framed somehow to work. Bitcoin’s consensus rules provided such a frame. Bitcoin certainly seems to provide true digital scarcity, and if the game theoretical theories that it builds on are correct, its promise of an ever-increasing value will be a self-fulfilling prophecy.

In 2018, the inflation rate of the Venezuelan Bolivar was a staggering 80,000%. Hugo Chavez and his successor, Nicolas Maduro, effectively killed the Venezuelan economy with socialism. It has happened before — and sadly, it is likely to happen again. The main problem with socialism is not that people aren’t incentivized to work in socialist countries. On the contrary, hungry people under the threat of violence tend to work harder than most. The problem with state-owned production is that there is no free market price mechanism to reflect the true demand for goods and, therefore, no way of knowing how much supply the state should produce. Everything is in constant surplus or shortage — often the latter, as the empty supermarket shelves in Venezuela depressingly attest. Chavez and Maduro attempted to rescue the country’s economy by printing more money — which simply does not work. Their true motives for printing money are, of course, questionable given that it depreciated the value of Bolivar bills to less than that of toilet paper. As mentioned in earlier chapters, inflation is the greatest hidden threat to themselves that humans have ever created.

A few hundred years ago, the Catholic Church held the lion’s share of political power throughout Europe. Today, power primarily resides with nation-states in collusion with multinational corporations. The separation of church and state triggered the migration of power from the former to the latter, emancipating many citizens in the process. Still, places like Venezuela are sad proof that “the people” are still not in power in many self-proclaimed democracies — if in any, for that matter. Another separation will have to take place first: The separation of money and state. We, the people of Planet Earth, now have the means at our disposal for this separation to take place. Whether we use them or not will determine how emancipated and independent our children can and will be in the future.

About the Bitcoin Infinity Academy

The Bitcoin Infinity Academy is an educational project built around Knut Svanholm’s books about Bitcoin and Austrian Economics. Each week, a whole chapter from one of the books is released for free on Highlighter, accompanied by a video in which Knut and Luke de Wolf discuss that chapter’s ideas. You can join the discussions by signing up for one of the courses on our Geyser page. Signed books, monthly calls, and lots of other benefits are also available.

@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848

This is a part of the Bitcoin Infinity Academy course on Knut Svanholm's book Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics. For more information, check out our Geyser page!

Scarcity

What makes a commodity scarce? What is scarcity in the first place? What other properties can be deducted from an object’s scarcity? How are scarcity, energy, time, and value connected? Scarcity might seem easy to describe on the surface, but in reality, it’s not. Not when you take infinity into account. Infinity is a concept that has puzzled the human mind for as long as it has been able to imagine it. If it ever has. It is a very abstract concept, and it’s always linked to time simply because even imagining an infinite number would take an infinite amount of time. If we truly live in an infinite universe, scarcity cannot exist. If something exists in an infinite universe, an infinite number of copies of this something must also exist since the probability of this being true would also be infinite in an infinite universe. Therefore, scarcity must always be defined within a set framework. No frame, no scarcity.

Think of it this way: the most expensive artwork ever sold at the time of writing was the Salvator Mundi, painted by Leonardo da Vinci. It’s not even a particularly beautiful painting, so why the high price? Because Da Vinci originals are scarce. A poster of the painting isn’t expensive at all, but the original will cost you at least 450 million US Dollars. All because we agree to frame its scarcity around the notion that it is a Da Vinci original, of which under twenty exist today. Historically, scarcity has always been framed around real-world limits to the supply of a good. Most of the great thinkers of the Austrian school of economics from the twentieth century believed that the value of a monetary good arises from its scarcity and that scarcity is always connected to the real-world availability of that good. Most of them believed that a gold standard would be the hardest form of money that we would ever see and the closest thing to an absolutely scarce resource as we would ever know.

In the late 90’s, the cryptographers that laid the groundwork for what would become Bitcoin reimagined scarcity as anything with an unforgeable costliness. This mindset is key to understanding the connection between scarcity and value. Anything can be viewed as scarce if it’s sufficiently hard to produce and hard to fake the production cost of — in other words, easy to verify the validity of. The zeros at the beginning of a hashed Bitcoin block are the Proof of Work that proves that the created coins in that block were costly to produce. People who promote the idea that the mining algorithm used to produce Bitcoin could be more environmentally friendly or streamlined are either deliberately lying or missing the point. The energy expenditure is the very thing that gives the token its value because it provides proof to the network that enough computing power was sacrificed in order to keep the network sufficiently decentralized and thus resistant to change. "Easy to verify" is the flipside of the "unforgeable costliness" coin. The validity of a Bitcoin block is very easy to verify since all you need to do is look at its hash, make sure the block is part of the strongest chain, and that it conforms to all consensus rules. In order to check whether a gold bar is real or not, you probably need to trust a third party. Fiat money often comes with a plethora of water stamps, holograms, and metal stripes, so in a sense, they’re hard to forge. What you cannot know about a fiat currency at any given moment, though, is how much of it is in circulation. What you do know about fiat currencies is that they’re not scarce.

Bitcoin provides us with absolute scarcity for the first time in human history. It is a remarkable breakthrough. Even though you can’t make jewelry or anything else out of Bitcoin, its total supply is fixed. After the year 2140, after the last Bitcoin has been mined, the total amount of Bitcoin in circulation can only go down. This limited supply is what the gold standards of the past were there for in the first place. Bitcoin’s supply is much more limited than that of gold, however, since they will be lost as time goes by. Since the supply is so limited, it doesn’t matter what the current demand is. The potential upside to its value is literally limitless due to this relationship between supply and demand. The “backing” that other currencies have is only there to assume people that the currency will keep its value over time, and the only way of ensuring this is to limit the supply. Bitcoin does this better than any other thing before it. Leonardo da Vinci’s original paintings are extremely valuable because of Leonardo’s brand name and the fact that there are only about 13 of them left. One day there’ll be less than one left. The same is true for Bitcoin.

Scarcity on the Internet was long believed to be an impossible invention, and it took a multi-talented genius such as Satoshi Nakamoto to figure out all the different parts that make Bitcoin so much more than the sum of them. His disappearance from the project was one such part, maybe the most important one. The thing about computerized scarcity is that it was a one-time invention. Once it was invented, the invention could not be recreated. That’s just the nature of data. Computers are designed to be able to replicate any data set any number of times. This is true for every piece of code there is, and digital scarcity needed to be framed somehow to work. Bitcoin’s consensus rules provided such a frame. Bitcoin certainly seems to provide true digital scarcity, and if the game theoretical theories that it builds on are correct, its promise of an ever-increasing value will be a self-fulfilling prophecy.

In 2018, the inflation rate of the Venezuelan Bolivar was a staggering 80,000%. Hugo Chavez and his successor, Nicolas Maduro, effectively killed the Venezuelan economy with socialism. It has happened before — and sadly, it is likely to happen again. The main problem with socialism is not that people aren’t incentivized to work in socialist countries. On the contrary, hungry people under the threat of violence tend to work harder than most. The problem with state-owned production is that there is no free market price mechanism to reflect the true demand for goods and, therefore, no way of knowing how much supply the state should produce. Everything is in constant surplus or shortage — often the latter, as the empty supermarket shelves in Venezuela depressingly attest. Chavez and Maduro attempted to rescue the country’s economy by printing more money — which simply does not work. Their true motives for printing money are, of course, questionable given that it depreciated the value of Bolivar bills to less than that of toilet paper. As mentioned in earlier chapters, inflation is the greatest hidden threat to themselves that humans have ever created.

A few hundred years ago, the Catholic Church held the lion’s share of political power throughout Europe. Today, power primarily resides with nation-states in collusion with multinational corporations. The separation of church and state triggered the migration of power from the former to the latter, emancipating many citizens in the process. Still, places like Venezuela are sad proof that “the people” are still not in power in many self-proclaimed democracies — if in any, for that matter. Another separation will have to take place first: The separation of money and state. We, the people of Planet Earth, now have the means at our disposal for this separation to take place. Whether we use them or not will determine how emancipated and independent our children can and will be in the future.

About the Bitcoin Infinity Academy

The Bitcoin Infinity Academy is an educational project built around Knut Svanholm’s books about Bitcoin and Austrian Economics. Each week, a whole chapter from one of the books is released for free on Highlighter, accompanied by a video in which Knut and Luke de Wolf discuss that chapter’s ideas. You can join the discussions by signing up for one of the courses on our Geyser page. Signed books, monthly calls, and lots of other benefits are also available.

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

Bitcoin Capitalism

But who would build the roads?

Discussing who would build the roads is the classic intellectual excersize of anarchists, everywhere. Would everyone build the stretch in front of, and within, their property? Would private entities build the roads and charge a toll? Would roads fall into disarray and we'd use more rugged vehicles, such as mule-drawn carts and offroad vehicles? Would we eventually abandon the wheel and switch to camels and hovercraft?

Most discussion participants assume it will devolve down into some combination, but Bitcoin might put a break on the toll road option. Bitcoin rises in purchasing power so quickly and inexorably, that any complex, long-term, expensive project becomes an investment with guaranteed negative nominal returns and a high probability of negative real returns.

You would struggle to demand tolls at a price high enough to cover the nominal costs of the initial investment (although they might cover maintenance and running costs), and the tolls you could demand would steadily shrink in nominal terms.

Bitcoin reduces the investment profit motive

The Cambridge Dictionary describes investing as:

to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or get an advantage

Bitcoin means that you make a monetary profit by saving capital, rather than by deploying it. To deploy Bitcoin is always to simply spend it. The capital is consumed. Gone. Poof!

Whereas if you simply hodl it, you will rapidly grow wealthier and wealthier without commiserate effort. There will be no such thing as a profitable return on investment because the best returns will always be in savings. Your best financial bet is always to save all of your Bitcoin and use the infrastructure other people have built, at great loss to themselves.

This is correct

This is actually how capitalism should work. It is not an error.

Someone or a group of someones deploys capital, first, to build something, and they alone hold the risk of failure. They do it without expecting their (entire, nominal) capital returned because they value the building planned more than the capital trapped in it. The capital invested is primarily transformed, rather than returned, and the invested capital raises the living standard for everyone who then uses the building.

This is actually high-time preference behavior called "patronage". This is not the opposite of saving, but something often done in addition to it. It is investment devoid of a financial profit motive.

We have come full-circle

What Bitcoin does, in perpetuity, is raise the risk of capital so high that a financial loss is expected, so capital deployments beyond those required for personal consumption will only come from the generous and the particularly far-sighted.

Bitcoin moves investments out of the purely financial realm back into a preference for the public good and a willingness to sacrifice, with returns often being tokens of gratitude, special privileges, increased social standing, hopes of indirect business advantage, or promises of treasure in the afterlife, rather than direct returns of capital, or even profits.

Who will build the roads? The nobility, the pious, the ambitious middle class, and the volunteering tradesmen will build the roads, just as they once built the cathedrals.... and the roads.

@ 6ccf5232:5c74f0cb

O Bet7k chegou ao mercado como uma plataforma de entretenimento online que visa oferecer uma experiência envolvente e divertida para jogadores de diversas preferências. Com uma interface amigável e uma vasta gama de jogos, ela se posiciona como uma opção de destaque para aqueles que buscam uma experiência interativa de alto nível. Neste artigo, vamos explorar o que torna o Bet7k especial, desde sua introdução até os jogos oferecidos e a experiência do jogador.

Ao acessar o Bet7k, a primeira impressão é a de uma plataforma moderna e bem estruturada. O site foi projetado para ser intuitivo, facilitando a navegação tanto para novatos quanto para jogadores experientes. A plataforma é otimizada para dispositivos móveis, garantindo que os jogadores possam aproveitar seus jogos favoritos a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar.

Além disso, o Bet7k é uma plataforma segura e confiável, com medidas robustas de proteção de dados e transações financeiras. A transparência e o compromisso com a privacidade do usuário são aspectos essenciais que contribuem para a confiança dos jogadores. Com uma conexão estável e interface rápida, a plataforma proporciona uma navegação sem interrupções, essencial para uma boa experiência de jogo.

Variedade de Jogos: Entretenimento para Todos os Gostos O Bet7k oferece uma grande variedade de jogos que atendem a todos os tipos de jogadores. Desde opções de jogos de mesa até jogos de habilidade e de sorte, a plataforma se esforça para garantir que todos os jogadores encontrem algo de seu interesse. Entre os jogos mais populares estão os caça-níqueis, onde a emoção e a expectativa de grandes vitórias estão sempre presentes. Com temas criativos e gráficos impressionantes, esses jogos proporcionam uma experiência envolvente e divertida.

Além disso, o Bet7k disponibiliza uma série de jogos de cartas, como o pôquer e o blackjack, que testam a habilidade e a estratégia dos jogadores. Esses jogos exigem mais do que sorte, oferecendo uma experiência desafiadora e dinâmica. Para os fãs de jogos rápidos e emocionantes, há também opções como roletas virtuais, que combinam sorte e emoção em cada rodada.

Para os jogadores que buscam algo mais interativo, o Bet7k também oferece uma série de jogos com dealers ao vivo, onde é possível interagir em tempo real com outros jogadores e dealers profissionais. Essa opção proporciona uma imersão ainda maior, criando uma atmosfera de jogo mais realista e envolvente.

A Experiência do Jogador: Praticidade e Diversão O diferencial do Bet7k está na experiência do jogador. A plataforma foca em oferecer uma experiência sem fricções, com um suporte ao cliente eficiente e disponível para resolver qualquer dúvida ou problema que possa surgir durante o jogo. A equipe de suporte é altamente treinada e está disponível 24 horas por dia, sete dias por semana, garantindo que o jogador sempre tenha a assistência necessária.

Outro aspecto importante da experiência do jogador no Bet7k é a variedade de métodos de pagamento. A plataforma aceita diversos métodos de depósito e retirada, facilitando o acesso dos jogadores ao conteúdo sem complicações. A transação é rápida e segura, permitindo que os jogadores se concentrem em sua diversão sem se preocupar com aspectos financeiros.

Além disso, o Bet7k oferece promoções regulares e programas de fidelidade, que incentivam os jogadores a retornarem à plataforma e continuarem sua jornada de diversão. As promoções são diversificadas, oferecendo bônus em depósitos, rodadas grátis e outros benefícios que aumentam a emoção e as chances de vitória.

Conclusão O Bet7k se destaca como uma plataforma completa de entretenimento online, oferecendo uma experiência envolvente, segura e divertida para todos os tipos de jogadores. Com uma vasta gama de jogos, uma interface intuitiva e suporte ao cliente de alta qualidade, o Bet7k é a escolha perfeita para quem busca uma plataforma confiável e cheia de diversão. Se você ainda não experimentou, é hora de conhecer o Bet7k e descobrir tudo o que essa plataforma tem a oferecer.

@ 5956abe3:a867c565

"I'm thinking perhaps one day, I'll sell my bitcoin and pay off my mortgage" I hear through the din of a crowded bar.

It is the number one thing everyone is willing to openly consider selling their sats for - that little slice of that good American dream nostalgia: a house on the prairie, a yard, the dog, and no one to answer to. Security. The middle class of yesteryear's golden ticket to stability and prosperity. To most it's far beyond just being another financial asset- it's a tangible hallmark card vibe - something that even your mom would understand meant you got this.

So then - should you sell that risky BTC for your slice of picket fence and grass?

Not before you look at this:

Reality check: housing has been crashing for years versus BTC, and it is not even close.

So there is no second best- BTC all the way. 100% portfolio, am I right?

Not so fast. You gotta have someplace to live, yes?

So then, time to learn about the housing market, here with your Bitcoin Yimby.

I invested in housing for over a decade, flipping houses, cleaning up rentals, helping homeowners buy and renovate their homes, making plans and advising people. All that good LinkedIn-ready stuff. One thing I learned doing this: the housing market operated nothing like I had imagined from the outside- and is in many ways intentionally broken.

So let's crack a beer and vent about it. I will be writing this for Nostr, so no AI content, no googlefarming social media spam, no clickbait - just pure, unfiltered opinion: no apologies, no concerns.

@ 12f20c66:1cb75652

In Short:

• Nostr is sitting on a gold mine in the form of zap data - a latent web of trust (or web of value). Using simple algorithms, we can crawl this zap network to discover/curate fresh, valuable content and route around spam.
• A client built around this concept would allow content creators to make significant money by providing valuable content, because viral content by definition receives a large volume of zaps.
• A community using such a client would bootstrap an adaptive, self-pruning network that resembles a neural net, where accounts act as neurons and zaps as synapses firing.

(An updated version of writeup is maintained here.)

We'll start with the algorithm.

A Basic Zap Trail Algorithm

Start with a social media platform with things like notes and zaps, where: * zaps are cheap/free to execute * zapping for good content is already in practice by some users * zapping can reference specific pieces of content * this zapping history is (at least mostly) public knowledge

I'm new to Nostr, but it seems Nostr checks these boxes.

Assume no prior knowledge of the network, aside from a single account the user trusts which has some nonzero zapping activity - perhaps a friend or well-known public figure. Ask the user to specify this account. Let's call this trusted account AlexJones.

Choose a time window we want to focus on. Let's say a week.

Look at all the zaps sent by AlexJones that reference content in the last week. From this build: * C1: a list of all the pieces of content referenced by the zaps, weighted by zap size * A1: a list of the authors of this content, weighted by total amount zapped for their content

The result might look something like this:

Populate the user's feed with content from C1, ordered by weight. Nothing too special yet; at this point we're just reading zaps as boost/reposts with variable weight, using AlexJones as our source of truth (surely that can't go wrong).

But now, we repeat the move, looking at zaps originating from A1 instead of AlexJones, and call these lists A2 and C2. Conserve weight between a given account and its influences on these lists - visualized by the dashed yellow line below:

Again, populate the user's feed with the content zapped, C2. Order the content by its inherited weight - which corresponds to the content box's size in the image above. Because weight is conserved, even though JoeRogan is only zapping about 1% of what InfoWars is, JoeRogan's zaps still determine about 1/3 of A2 and C2.

Repeat the process to find C3/A3, C4/A4, etc. Each iteration follows zaps outward into more of the network, as seen from the perspective of AlexJones. Or more to the point, as valued from the perspective of AlexJones (and thus vicariously by our user).

Now encourage the user to send some zaps for content they like, and instead build L1 from the zaps the user has sent, rather than AlexJones. Each time the user zaps, L1 becomes more diverse, and this diversity trickles down to L2, L3, and so on.

Actually, we can now reframe that initial step of "endorsing" AlexJones with asking the user to zap any account any amount. This might more commonly be a friend than a celebrity. We can think of this as "seeding" their zap network. Before they zap, they see nothing; after a single zap, they see the network through that zap recipient's eyes; after every subsequent zap, their feed increases in diversity and becomes more their own.

(By the way, this is really just one in a family of zap trail algorithms. See "other algorithms" near the end of this doc.)

Spam, Zap Networks, and Pruning

Let's start talking in terms of zap networks. These are directed graphs, and you could imagine them fruitfully as a set of neurons (accounts) and synapses firing (zaps - pun appreciated!).

Even before introducing pruning tools, spam will have a hard time getting onto a feed built solely from zap networks. If I have only zapped friends and talented artists, and they have only zapped content they in turn value, and so on, we can probably follow zap trails out for quite some time before seeing any spam.

This is related to the fact there is no objective feed to hijack or buy your way into. The algorithm never looks at any central, global list of zaps (or upvotes, or follows) to find globally popular content. Instead the algorithm crawls through the network, using the user's zaps as a starting point in an organically built "web of value".

To get you to see spam, a spammer would have to find an account downstream of your zaps, and somehow get that account to zap their content. The further downstream they aim, the more likely we might imagine their chance of success, but also the further down your feed the spam would appear.

A spammer could of course zap his own content, from any number of accounts. But by itself this does nothing but create an eddy of spammy content within the spammer's own solipsistic network of accounts. No one would even have to go through the trouble of stepping around it - real users' zaps route around it as if it's not even there.

But maybe the spammer has actually accumulated some trust in the network in the way of zaps to him, and wants to now leverage that to get his spam some attention?

Let's introduce, then, the idea of pruning.

Say you see something on your feed about selling some supplements. Ah! Spam! Clutching your attention-pearls closely, you look at the provenance, so to speak, of the content. Looking into it you see the zap trail you -> AlexJones -> InfoWars -> LifeStore. Zapping AlexJones has come back to haunt us after all!

So you just blacklist AlexJones, pruning him from your zap network. By now you've built up a much more diverse and organic zap network anyway.

A whole tree of spam, just gone, banished forever, unless AlexJones can get someone else downstream your zap network to zap his content. And if that happens, you can just judiciously prune whatever node in the tree you deem beyond redemption.

Further, these prune actions could be published and respected by zap trail algorithms (Do I smell a NIP?). Then when you remove AlexJones, you're not just doing it for yourself - you're doing it knowing that this will clean up every feed upstream of your own - any feed whose user has zapped you.

And as a consequence, AlexJones didn't just lose your attention. He lost the attention of everyone who trusted you (or at least, the part of the attention that you were responsible for propagating upstream).

Zap Network Cultivation and Evolution

What would it look like if a community relied only on this technique? For simplicity let's assume no other mechanisms are used (follows, likes, reposts, etc).

Any given user will be aware, intuitively, of their position as a node in this zap network, this directed graph, this neural net of sorts. Their zaps, sent outward, essentially pull content back to them through these pathways from downstream - and the content doesn't stop there, but travels further upstream, to anyone who has zapped the user. Similarly, pruning prevents this propogation. The user has the experience of cultivating not just their own feed, but the network around them as well.

Think of how this changes what it means to zap. It's no longer only a thank you and a financial reward; it's now a direct boost to the content's virality, propagating it further. A zap in this dynamic would be saying: "this content is good, I want you to have this money, and people who value me will now see it".

The Effect on Content

You sit down and spend a day creating a piece of art. Let's assume it's good. In fact let's assume it's really good.

You post it, and it gets one or two initial zaps, perhaps from you or some friends. This gets it some initial visibility on the zap network.

Because it's really good, it starts to get more zaps, and some of them are pretty large. With each zap, your content gains signal upstream. Larger zaps mean stronger signal.

Within this framework, content that spreads == content that people value == content that brings in revenue to its author. Content that travels far brings in a lot of money.

Think of how this changes how it feels to post content. The game isn't exactly engagement anymore. I submit that this will purify content curation in a way analogous to how Bitcoin is posed to purify the economic system, and I hope to demonstrate this soon.

What could you publish in such a paradigm, and make money on, in hours - possibly minutes?

A well-written concise paragraph on a novel thought. A funny joke, a meme. A cool tip for using LLMs. A timely comment on recent events.

Or imagine a long-form format. What could you compose and see the income slowly ramp up for, over days and weeks?

A nuanced view on an over-politicized topic, spreading through people who are equally tired of the tribal shit. A blueprint for a 3d printed widget among 3d printer enthusiasts. A piece of software. A song. A mashup. A series. A scoop.

Content is monetized, without legacy methods such as ads, copyright, DRM, etc.

What Now?

I believe the above is a cornucopia that, if adopted by a subset of the Nostr community, * Supercharges content curation and discovery, in a way that aligns with Nostr's values * Neuters spam * Puts zaps center-stage, encouraging a massive uptake in zapping as a regular use of content consumption * Allows content creators to make money with mindblowing effectiveness and rapidity

So what's next?

Firstly, feedback. If I seem to be missing something, I'd like to know! This idea has been bouncing around my head for years. Maybe it's crazy! I don't know!

If the feedback is promising, I intend to approach OpenSats for research funding. If I can get this (or other) support, I'd first prove the concept quickly, perhaps with a minimalist POC, or by modifying some other client, or simply by manually performing the algorithm with well-known accounts and publishing the results.

With the core concept proven - specifically, that by following zaps through the network we get very good content curation and avoid spam - the next step would be to design or modify a client such that it: * relies primarily or solely on the zap trail algorithms for feed construction * requires the user set up zapping during onboarding * puts zapping at center-stage in the UX as the sole or primary action for supporting and "upvoting" content * supports pruning (likely implemented as an NIP)

With such a client, we'd prime the pump for those exciting second-order dynamics described in the last two sections, of a self-cultivating neural net of content, where content creators could make serious money overnight.

---

Other Notes

Thank you for coming to my Ted Talk. Here are some other notes and ideas I'm happy to discuss further.

Users Must be Zap-Capable

For the above algorithm to work (at least without any other content curation mechanisms), every new user needs to be able to zap. Otherwise, their feed remains empty.

If they can't zap, they could still operate in a sort of read-only mode, looking at the network from the perspective of other accounts (See "What does Alex Jones see?" below). But to participate in the network dynamic, they'd need zaps. Similarly, they could post, but without at least a self-zap (see next section) it wouldn't enter the zap network, and thus would not be seen in anyone's feeds.

We could think of some ways around this, but there's an argument to be made that this is actually a good thing, that we want a user to have to set up a lightning wallet and send a first zap.

When Xbox Live first came out, the only way to get on the network was to buy a starter pack which included a mic. This allowed game developers to rely comfortably on the assumption that all Xbox Live players could communicate with voice. Similarly, a Nostr client that takes it for granted that all of its users are capable of zapping can rely comfortably on the dynamics above.

My hunch is that this would be worth the cost of a higher barrier of entry to users.

Self-Zaps

With this algorithm strictly imposed, and no other curation algorithm present, posting alone does not actually make content visible. It must also receive a zap - otherwise it doesn't enter the zap network, and thus does not appear on anyone's feed.

This could be addressed with a self-zap, where the amount zapped indicates the author's confidence in the post (relative to their other zaps). Remember that an author can't take up more space/weight in upstream feeds than they've earned through zaps anyway, so there's no reason to disallow self-zaps.

And if we look at it from first principles, is it really so awkward to decouple the act of posting/uploading the content, from the act of promoting/broadcasting? The former is about data upload and would involve some amount of composition in the client interface, and typically involves a single creator. The latter is about social influence, and could include a concerted effort from a whole group.

Of course, an interface could always choose to bundle these in the UX, so that at the step of submitting content the user can zap it at the same step.

C1/C2/C3... As Sections

When a user zaps content, it has the effect of essentially pinning it to their feed, because it comes to be in C1. Thus C1 would contain all the content the user has directly liked (within the time window we're working with).

The client could hide this by default, or put it in another section of the interface.

C2 would contain all the content that came from "the next ring out", the content zapped by the accounts whose content the user has liked. C3 would be a further level "out" into the network.

It would makes sense to visually separate these sections, and while we're at it, put the user in charge of requesting the next iteration with a "load more"-like button that actually triggers the next iteration.

Other Algorithms

The algorithm described above asks "where does my money go, and through what content?". But it's really just one instance of a family of algorithms; there are some other interesting ways to query the zap network.

To start with, we could reverse the traversal direction, and instead follow zaps "backward", from recipient to sender. Build a list of accounts who have zapped you (C1 would in this case show you what your most popular content is), then find out who zapped them, and so on. Then you are asking "where does my money come from?" This is something like a shift from a focus on where your consumed content comes from, to where your produced content goes - in other words, your audience.

Or you could alternate between going forward and backward: who have you zapped? Call it A1. Who else has zapped A1? Call it A0 - these are "people who like what you liked". Now where do zaps from A0 go? You start to ask the question "What do people like me value?" Further iteration would broaden the definition of "people like me".

Users could choose from a drop-down menu of such algorithms. Perhaps they could even modify or create their own.

Or we could even empower users to explore real-time, following sets of accounts around, so that we no longer talk of "iterating" over a fixed algorithm, but rather moves we can perform to move from one set of users/content to another. Paired with a search string, this could be an extremely powerful research tool.

What does Alex Jones see?

We could also look at the network from a starting node other than the user. Doing this would be like "putting on the glasses" of the target user. What do they see? Try on different algorithms while you're at it. Where do they get their zaps from?

What are the conservatives valuing? What about the Germans? What about a group of 3 people whose opinions you respect but are quite divergent?

@ c9b62079:423d81bc

In 2017, it took a shooter 10 minutes to spray more than 1,000 rounds into a crowd watching a Las Vegas concert. He murdered 58 people and injured 500 more in America’s deadliest mass shooting. He did this with a bump stock, an accessory that, for all intents and purposes, transforms semi-automatic rifles into machine guns. Today, the Supreme Court’s GOP-appointed justices legalized bump stocks. Any gun owner can now possess this weapon of mass carnage.

After the Las Vegas shooting, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, under President Donald Trump, and with bipartisan support, reclassified bump stocks as machine guns, which have been banned for decades. But in a 6-3 decision issued on Friday and written by Justice Clarence Thomas, the court ruled that bump stocks are not machine guns and that ATF lacks the authority to prohibit them.

The conservative justices adopt a new definition of machine gun that ignores the statute.

A machine gun is defined under federal law as “any weapon which shoots, or is designed to shoot, automatically . . . more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger.” Crucially, this includes “any part designed and intended…for use in converting a weapon into a machinegun.” Equipped with a bump stock, a semi-automatic rifle can fire an equivalent number of rounds as a machine gun without the shooter pulling their trigger finger multiple times. It does this by harnessing each shot’s recoil to bump the trigger automatically, rather than relying on the manual pull of the shooter, discharging bullets much faster than if a shooter had to use their finger.

Thomas’ argument, adopted by the court’s other Republican appointees, is that this functionality does not meet the definition of a machine gun under federal law because the trigger mechanism is reengaged for each shot—even if not by a manual pull of the trigger. In doing so, he essentially adopts a new definition of machine gun that ignores the text of the statute, which includes components that convert a firearm—like a bump stock.

Justice Sonia Sotomayor, in a dissent joined by the other two Democratic-appointed justices, notes that Thomas is creating a distinction without a difference. “When I see a bird that walks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, I call that bird a duck,” Sotomayor writes.

Thomas’ opinion reads as if the majority’s hands are tied—that they simply cannot square a bump stock ban with the language of the law. Justice Samuel Alito wrote a concurrence to this effect. Sotomayor finds the notion hollow, accusing her colleagues of abandoning their usual textualist approach: “Every Member of the majority has previously emphasized that the best way to respect congressional intent is to adhere to the ordinary understanding of the terms Congress uses,” she writes. “Today, the majority forgets that principle and substitutes its own view of what constitutes a ‘machinegun’ for Congress’s.”

Thomas’ decision argues that because ATF previously allowed bump stocks, it’s about-face after the Las Vegas massacre makes the regulation suspect. It also cites a prediction made by the late Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) that the ATF’s regulation of bump stocks would be overturned in court.

But such justifications elide the fact that the ATF reasonably interpreted the law in order to make Americans safer. Agencies may change their minds; there is no rule that once an agency decides something, it must stick to it forever. Notably, in the next few weeks, the court is likely to overrule its own longstanding practice of deferring to reasonable agency interpretations of ambiguous statutes, a principle known as Chevron Deference.

This case does not cite Chevron; neither the majority or the dissenters argued the gun statute’s language is ambiguous. But it clearly is operating in a post-Chevron world, one in which decisions about Americans’ safety are determined not by Congress or the agencies, but by nine justices who don’t even have a binding code of ethics.

Congress tried to ban machine guns, and ATF decided after America’s deadliest massacre that bump stocks created machine guns. Six Supreme Court justices just overruled them. That’s not how the law or democracy are supposed to work. Civilians toting firearms with machine gun capabilities is not the makings of a healthy society—or democracy—either.

Continue Reading…

@ 6ccf5232:5c74f0cb

O mundo do entretenimento digital está em constante evolução, e o Betao surge como uma das plataformas mais inovadoras e empolgantes do momento. Com uma proposta moderna, acessível e repleta de recursos, o Betao atrai jogadores de todos os perfis, oferecendo uma variedade impressionante de jogos e uma experiência de usuário pensada para surpreender desde o primeiro acesso.

Logo ao entrar no site ou aplicativo do Betao, fica evidente o cuidado com o design e a funcionalidade. A navegação é intuitiva, com menus bem organizados e fácil acesso às principais seções. Seja no computador, tablet ou smartphone, o usuário encontra uma interface fluida que garante uma jornada sem complicações.

O processo de cadastro é rápido, e o suporte ao cliente está sempre disponível, o que mostra o comprometimento da plataforma com a segurança e a satisfação dos seus jogadores. Além disso, o Betao conta com sistemas de segurança modernos que protegem os dados dos usuários, promovendo um ambiente confiável para jogar com tranquilidade.

Um dos maiores atrativos do Betao é a sua diversidade de jogos. A plataforma oferece opções para quem gosta de jogos rápidos e dinâmicos, como também para aqueles que preferem estratégias mais elaboradas. Entre os destaques, estão os jogos de cartas tradicionais, como o pôquer e o blackjack, além de versões modernas com gráficos surpreendentes e mecânicas envolventes.

Outro ponto forte é a seção de jogos com roletas, onde a emoção de cada giro é potencializada por gráficos realistas e sons imersivos. Os jogos de dados e os famosos títulos de “crash” também fazem parte do catálogo, oferecendo uma dinâmica diferente e desafiadora para quem busca algo além do comum.

Os desenvolvedores parceiros do Betao são reconhecidos no mercado pela qualidade de seus jogos, o que garante um alto padrão de performance, gráficos e jogabilidade. Com atualizações constantes, a plataforma está sempre trazendo novidades para manter o jogador engajado.

Experiência do Jogador: Diversão com Recompensas Reais O Betao entende que a experiência do jogador vai muito além do jogo em si. Por isso, investe em promoções exclusivas, bônus generosos e programas de fidelidade que valorizam quem escolhe a plataforma. Novos usuários são recebidos com ofertas especiais de boas-vindas, enquanto os jogadores frequentes acumulam vantagens e benefícios exclusivos.

A interação com a comunidade também é um diferencial. O Betao promove torneios e desafios que incentivam a competição saudável e a socialização entre os participantes. Tudo isso contribui para uma experiência muito mais rica e envolvente.

Outro ponto que merece destaque é a rapidez nos pagamentos e retiradas. O Betao oferece diferentes métodos de transações, todos seguros e com prazos reduzidos, garantindo que o jogador possa curtir suas recompensas sem demora.

Conclusão Com um catálogo diversificado, uma plataforma segura e moderna e uma experiência pensada para o jogador brasileiro, o Betao se consolida como uma excelente opção para quem busca entretenimento online de qualidade. Se você está em busca de diversão, emoção e recompensas reais, o Betao é, sem dúvida, a escolha certa. Acesse, descubra os jogos disponíveis e mergulhe em uma nova forma de jogar!

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

Here we go!

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Slightly tweaked formatting today, basically an update from @0xbitcoiner.

@k00b mentioned that he wants to turn this content into a permanent feature of the site. It would be seen on the search page and updated automatically everyday.

Yesterday's edition: https://stacker.news/items/572665/r/Undisciplined

June 14th, 2023 📅

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📝 TOP POST

Damus may be pulled from Apple's app store

Just now from Damus developer Will:

Damus will be removed from the app store in 14 days, apple says zaps are not allowed on their platform because they could be used by content creators to sell digital content. This is right before I’m about to give my talk at the oslo freedom forum on how decentralized social networks with lightning integration are bringing financial freedom to the masses... pretty sus… 😕

8476 sats \ 64 comments \ @OriginalSize

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💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/192432/r/Undisciplined?commentId=192589

I've always thought building native iOS apps only was foolish for this reason. You're completely locked in to their platform. This is why we built Mutiny as a PWA.

*1445 sats \ 9 replies \ @TonyGiorgio *

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🏆 TOP STACKER

@nerd2ninja

4876 stacked \ 6734 spent \ 1 post \ 31 comments \ 0 referrals

https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng

June 14th, 2022 📅

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📝 TOP POST

I'm Max Webster, founder of Hivemind Ventures, a Lightning Network seed fund - AMA!

Hi, it's Max (@maxawebster), founder of Hivemind Ventures, a seed fund investing in L2 & L3 Bitcoin startups building the future of finance, communication, and energy. We're particularly focused on the Lightning Network and are fortunate to have partnered with many of the best companies in the space including: Lightning Labs, River, Galoy, Breez, Stacker News, Lightspark, Ibex Mercado, Pouch, Neutronpay, Bitnob, Lightning Network Plus, Satoshi Energy, and many more.

27.9k sats \ 48 comments \ @MaxAWebster

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💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/36151/r/Undisciplined?commentId=36153

Basically, its gonna suck.

274 sats \ 3 replies \ @nerd2ninja

Such a good comment it was on top two day in row!

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🏆 TOP STACKER

@k00b

1724 stacked \ 31k spent \ 7 posts \ 18 comments \ 0 referrals

https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng

June 14th, 2021 📅

---

📝 TOP POST

Fedcoin is coming

Link post: https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/12/fed-remake-us-dollar-493548

3 sats \ 2 comments \ @satoshisuncle

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💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/39/r/Undisciplined?commentId=43

Testing

1 sat \ 1 reply \ @guacjoin

---

🏆 TOP STACKER

"EMPTY"

In lieu of a 2021 top stacker, those sats forwarded to 0xbitcoiner for helping with these posts.

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

什么是电子书系统？

目前电子书系统非常多，gitbook，mkdocs，vitepress。但是这些系统都有一个问题，就是你需要 静态存储你的markdown文件， 而且不能在线编写。

现有的电子书系统，你需要用一个 第三方编辑器 制作好一个一个的md文件，并且编排好目录结构，然后用上面列举的 软件生成 一个website。

现有电子书的缺点是什么？

1. 空间问题，你需要存书的空间；
2. 编写不方便 写好以后需要手动上传；
3. 登录到服务器更新写好的新文件；
4. 不支持交互和评论；
5. 再重启服务器，（有些可能不需要重启，自己能监控）；

以上过程太繁琐了。

nostrbook如何解决这个问题？

• nostrbook采用的在线编辑；
• 用户无须任何空间，内容存储到第三方服务器，你也可以用自己的服务器；
• 免费，开源；
• 发布轻松，写好点"提交"就发布了，不需要过多的动作；
• 无须其他的维护成本；
• 支持 评论和点赞；
• 可以私有部署，到自己服务器，或者部署在本机都可以。

搭建过程

环境依赖

• nodejs

安装过程

git clone https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook cd nostrbook npm install npm run dev

定制化配置

修改这个文件 https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook/blob/main/src/lib/config.ts export let booktag="createbook"; export let blogtag="createblog"; export let chaptertag="bookchapter";

修以上3个参数，就可以成为你自己的 电子书和blog了。

你要你的系统安装了nodejs，就可以了。 Windows，Linux ，macos都可以。

系统支持 电子书和blog，你可以搭建 私有 日志系统也可以。

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

วันนี้จะเล่าเรื่องโครงการ School Plates โดย ProVeg UK ให้อ่านครับ

ProVeg UK เปิดตัวโครงการ School Plates ในเดือนมิถุนายน 2018 โดยมีเป้าหมายเพื่อช่วยให้โรงเรียนในสหราชอาณาจักรเสิร์ฟอาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพและเป็นมิตรต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมมากขึ้น โครงการนี้มุ่งเน้นการเพิ่มคุณภาพ ปริมาณ และการยอมรับของอาหารจากพืชในเมนูโรงเรียน โดยเฉพาะในโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา ซึ่งส่วนใหญ่จะอยู่ภายใต้การดูแลของหน่วยงานท้องถิ่น ​

เพื่อการสนับสนุนโครงการ บริการที่ ProVeg UK มอบให้จะประกอบไปด้วย บริการฟรีแก่โรงเรียน หน่วยงานท้องถิ่น และผู้จัดเลี้ยงอาหารโรงเรียน เพื่อสนับสนุนการเปลี่ยนแปลงเมนูอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ บริการเหล่านี้รวมถึง -การให้คำปรึกษาเมนู โดยให้คำแนะนำในการปรับสมดุลเมนู และใช้ภาษาที่ส่งเสริมอาหารจากพืช​ -การพัฒนาสูตรอาหารใหม่ ช่วยสร้างสูตรอาหารจากพืชที่อร่อย มีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการ และเหมาะสมกับครัวโรงเรียน​ -การจัดเวิร์กช็อปและการฝึกอบรม โดยจัดอบรมทั้งแบบออนไลน์และแบบพบหน้าสำหรับพ่อครัวและเจ้าหน้าที่ครัวโรงเรียน​ -การวิเคราะห์ด้านสุขภาพ สิ่งแวดล้อม และงบประมาณ มีโปรแกรมประเมินผลกระทบของเมนูต่อสุขภาพเด็ก การปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจก และต้นทุน​ ให้ครบถ้วน

นอกจากนี้ยังมีการจัดรางวัล School Plates Awards: มอบรางวัลระดับ Bronze, Silver และ Gold ให้แก่โรงเรียนที่มีความมุ่งมั่นในการปรับปรุงเมนูอย่างยั่งยืน ด้วย

ผลลัพธ์ตั้งแต่เริ่มโครงการ School Plates ได้เปลี่ยนแปลงเมนูอาหารโรงเรียนมากกว่า 6 ล้านมื้อ ให้กลายเป็นอาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพและยั่งยืนมากขึ้น โดยมีการเพิ่มวัน Meat-Free Mondays และตัวเลือกอาหารจากพืชในเมนูประจำวันของโรงเรียนหลายแห่ง ​

สูตรอาหารที่พัฒนาโดย ProVeg UK มีคุณสมบัติประมาณนี้ครับ -มีโปรตีนเทียบเท่ากับอาหารที่มีเนื้อสัตว์​ -มีไขมันอิ่มตัวต่ำกว่า​ -อุดมไปด้วยไฟเบอร์และสารอาหารที่จำเป็น​ -มีการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจกต่ำ​ -สอดคล้องกับมาตรฐานอาหารและโภชนาการของโรงเรียนในสหราชอาณาจักร ​

นั่นทำให้โครงการ School Plates ได้รับการยอมรับจากโรงเรียนและหน่วยงานท้องถิ่นหลายแห่งในสหราชอาณาจักร และยังได้รับการเสนอชื่อเข้าชิงรางวัลด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมระดับโลก เช่น Food Planet Prize

ทีนี้เรามาวิเคราะห์กันว่า School Plates คือ เมนูรักษ์โลกหรือกับดักระบบ? โครงการ School Plates ของ ProVeg UK ภายนอกดูเหมือนเรื่องดี เป็นการ “ช่วยโรงเรียนให้เปลี่ยนเมนูไปทาง plant-based เพื่อสุขภาพเด็กและโลก” มีการให้คำปรึกษา ทำสูตรอาหาร อบรมพ่อครัว และพูดจาภาษาดี ๆ ว่า "อาหารยั่งยืน" กับ "ทางเลือกที่ดีต่อสุขภาพ" แต่ถ้ามองลึกเข้าไป มันไม่ใช่แค่อาหาร มันคือ เกมเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างการผลิตอาหารในระดับระบบ โดยใช้ “เด็กในโรงเรียน” เป็นจุดตั้งต้น

ถ้าดูเผิน ๆ เราอาจนึกว่าเด็กได้กินผักเยอะขึ้น โลกได้ลดก๊าซเรือนกระจก แต่ถ้าขุดเข้าไป จะเห็นว่าเบื้องหลัง ProVeg UK เชื่อมโยงกับกลุ่มทุน plant-based ขนาดใหญ่ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นผู้ผลิตนมถั่ว เนื้อเทียม หรือบริษัทยีสต์และจุลินทรีย์ที่ใช้ทำโปรตีนหมัก (Precision Fermentation) ทั้งหลาย

และอย่าลืมว่า ProVeg มีพันธมิตรกับองค์กรระดับโลกอย่าง EAT Foundation, World Resources Institute, และกลุ่ม lobby ต่าง ๆ ที่ผลักดัน นโยบายเปลี่ยนอาหารโลก ให้ไปทาง plant-based เป็นหลัก ซึ่งดูดี… ถ้าเราไม่รู้ว่าเบื้องหลังมันคือระบบ “อาหารสำเร็จรูปจากโรงงาน” ที่อ้างคำว่า “รักษ์โลก” แต่ผลิตโดยอุตสาหกรรมที่กระจุกตัวสูงมาก

ปัญหาที่คนอาจไม่ค่อยพูดถึงก็มีอยู่ครับเช่น -ละเลยโภชนาการตามธรรมชาติของเด็ก เพราะเด็กวัยเจริญเติบโตต้องการ โปรตีนคุณภาพสูง ไขมันดี และ สารอาหารที่พบเฉพาะในสัตว์ เช่น วิตามิน B12, เฮม-ไอรอน, โคลีน, คาร์โนซีน ฯลฯ ซึ่งอาหาร plant-based จำนวนมากขาด หรือมีในรูปแบบดูดซึมยากกว่าหลายเท่า - ใช้คำว่า "สิ่งแวดล้อม" บังหน้า แต่เป็นการผูกขาดระบบอาหาร การผลัก plant-based ไม่ได้ลดการพึ่งพาระบบอุตสาหกรรมเลย ตรงกันข้ามคือมันพาเราเข้าสู่ยุคของ plant-based ultra-processed food ที่ผลิตจากซอยโปรตีน ถั่วเหลือง GMO 2.0 น้ำมันพืช และสารแต่งรส... จากโรงงาน - เจาะระบบโรงเรียน = วางรากฐานความเชื่อ ให้เด็กที่โตมากับอาหารแบบนี้จะเชื่อว่านี่คือ “ของดี” และมองโปรตีนจากสัตว์เป็นสิ่งแปลกแยกในอนาคต เหมือนเป็นการ “reset” วิถีอาหารใหม่แบบไม่รู้ตัวผ่าน เจเนอเรชั่น - กลไกการจัดซื้อของรัฐจะถูก redirect ไปยังกลุ่มทุนใหญ่นอกพื้นที่ จากที่โรงเรียนจำนวนมากเคยซื้อวัตถุดิบจากชุมชน หรือฟาร์มใกล้เคียง พอโครงการแบบนี้เข้ามา จะค่อย ๆ ทำให้วัตถุดิบถูกกำหนดจาก เมนูที่ standardized ซึ่งสุดท้ายต้องพึ่ง “สินค้าสำเร็จรูปจากระบบอุตสาหกรรม”

ซึ่งถ้าเรามองโภชนาการสำหรับเด็กจริงๆแล้วนั้น เราควรลดของแปรรูป ไม่ใช่แค่ลดเนื้อ และใช้วัตถุดิบสดแท้จากธรรมชาติ ไม่ใช่ plant-based industrial food นอกจากนี้ยังควรสนับสนุนอาหารจากฟาร์มท้องถิ่น ทั้งผัก ไข่ เนื้อ และผลิตผลจากเกษตรกรจริง รวมถึงให้เด็กได้รู้จักที่มาของอาหาร ไม่ใช่แค่เรียนรู้แคลอรีกับคาร์บอนที่ว่ากันว่าปล่อยออกมา

School Plates คือก้าวเล็ก ๆ สู่การเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างใหญ่ของการควบคุมอาหารของโลก มันไม่ได้แค่เรื่องของเมนูกลางวัน แต่มันคือ “ระบบคิด” ที่กำลัง reshape โลกให้เด็กยุคใหม่โตมาโดยไม่รู้จัก real food ในสายตาเฮีย แม้โครงการนี้ไม่ได้เลวร้ายทั้งหมด แต่มันมี “เจตนาเชิงโครงสร้าง” ที่ต้องจับตาอย่างมาก และเราควรถามกลับเสมอว่า... ทำไมเราถึงต้องยัดอาหารสังเคราะห์ในนามของการ “รักโลก” แต่กลับตัดขาดจากดิน น้ำ ฟ้า และฟาร์มท้องถิ่น? ทำไม?

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ 0403c86a:66d3a378

Top 10 prospects

1. Martin Baturina 🇭🇷 (Croatia) - The 'Next Modric' with Juventus and Arsenal on his tail.

2. Warren Zaire-Emery 🇫🇷 (France) - The 'Robot' PSG prodigy, youngest goalscorer in over a century!

3. Benjamin Sesko 🇸🇮 (Slovenia) - The 'Iceman' striker, linked with a £50m-plus move to Arsenal.

4. Brian Brobbey 🇳🇱 (Netherlands) - The 'Brobbeast' with 22 goals for Ajax in a breakout season.

5. Florian Wirtz 🇩🇪 (Germany) - The 'new Kai Havertz', dazzling for Bayer Leverkusen.

6. Giorgi Mamardashvili 🇬🇪 (Georgia) - The highly-rated goalkeeper linked to Bayern Munich.

7. Johan Bakayoko 🇧🇪 (Belgium) - The 16-goal, 14-assist PSV winger with Bayern, Arsenal, and Liverpool interested.

8. Georgiy Sudakov 🇺🇦 (Ukraine) - The in-demand attacking midfielder shining for Shakhtar Donetsk.

9. Jamal Musiala 🇩🇪 (Germany) - The 'Bambi' midfielder, already a star for Bayern Munich and Germany.

10. Joao Neves 🇵🇹 (Portugal) - The Benfica midfielder, tipped as an Enzo Fernandez replacement for £80m or more.

Global Sports Central 🌐 #GSC360

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

Crypto Insights

1 BTC Quantum Cracking Challenge Called a Joke

Quantum computing research organization Project Eleven launched “Q-Day Challenge,” announcing a 1 BTC reward to the first team that can crack an ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) key using Shor’s algorithm on a quantum computer before April 5, 2026. Project Eleven considers this an extremely difficult task, stating that even recovering a few private keys would be big news.

However, Shinobi from Bitcoin Magazine called the bounty a joke, arguing it provides no serious incentive for several reasons:

• Even highly optimistic forecasts place the feasibility of such a quantum breakthrough at least 5–10 years away.
• At Bitcoin’s current price of $80,000, the bounty is insufficient compensation for such a demanding task.
• A quantum computer could be used for much more lucrative exploits—eavesdropping on internet connections regardless of TLS, breaking encrypted private communications, or compromising the certificate authority hierarchy of the DNS system.

New BIP Proposal to Redefine Bitcoin’s Smallest Unit

A new BIP draft proposes redefining the term “Bitcoin” to refer to the smallest indivisible unit in the system—currently “sat” (Satoshi). The goal is to make transaction amounts more readable and reduce user error. For example, someone with 851 sats would simply see “851 bitcoin” instead of “0.00000851 BTC.” Only the display and interpretation of amounts would change—the protocol remains untouched.

Previously, BIP 176 attempted to improve readability by introducing “bits” (100 sats), but it introduced a new denomination users had to learn and switch between.

Sparse Bitcoin Block Contains Only 7 Transactions

Bitcoin transaction activity has slumped to its lowest in over two years. Recently, top mining pool Foundry mined a sparse block—Block 890466—containing only 7 transactions and weighing 5,369 weight units.

The last time a block was sparser was in January 2023, when Binance Pool mined Block 769895, which included just 4 transactions and weighed 4,370 weight units.

Over 95% of Bitcoin Blocks Mined by Just 6 Pools

A recent investigation by b10c analyzed the hash rate shares of Bitcoin’s five largest mining pools to examine centralization trends in 2025. Part one looked at mining pool information in coinbase transactions. Part two considered the assumed potential proxy pools. Both parts revealed a high concentration of mining activity. The conclusion: over 95% of recent blocks were mined by just six pools.

Bitcoin Hashrate Projections Through 2027

Valentin Rousseau in collaboration with Blockspace published hashrate forecast, covering:

• Hashrate forecasts for 2025, 2026, and 2027
• How current Bitcoin mining economics may influence the hashrate trajectory
• Hashrate expansion schedules for public miners, plus probability of completion
• Sensitivity tables for hashrate growth under various Bitcoin prices

Using VLS for Non-Custodial Lightning Integration

VLS (Validating Lightning Signer) is a library and reference implementation for a signer module to secure Lightning nodes. It separates Lightning private keys and security rule validation from the node, moving them to a dedicated signing device, thereby reducing the attack surface and enhancing security.

Before VLS, it was nearly impossible to securely manage Lightning private keys in a hosted environment without taking custody of user funds. Blockstream’s Greenlight demonstrates in this case study how VLS enables developers to seamlessly integrate non-custodial Lightning payments into their apps, with minimal overhead, while ensuring users retain full control of their funds.

How CTV+CSFS improves BitVM bridges

Robin Linus elaborates on how input-committing covenants can be used to build more efficient and secure bridges in the BitVM ecosystem. By using CTV (CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY) and CSFS (CHECKSIGFROMSTACK), the need for presigning committees is eliminated and transaction size is significantly reduced. This simplifies bridge architecture, enhances operational efficiency, and aims towards trust-minimized Bitcoin interoperability, though challenges such as potential censorship in the peg-in process remain.

RISC Zero Launches R0VM 2.0 with Performance and Security Gains

RISC Zero introduced R0VM 2.0, a major upgrade to its zkVM focused on performance and scalability. Enhancements include:

• Ethereum block validation and execution time cut from 35 minutes to 44 seconds;
• Validity proof costs reduced 5x, with batch sizes of 25 bringing per-block costs down from $1.355 to $0.2747; for larger batches, as low as $0.0012.

On the security side, formal verification is a key focus of R0VM 2.0. The Keccak circuit’s determinism has been fully verified, and 122 of the 123 components in the v2 RISC-V core circuit have also been confirmed deterministic.

Bitcoin Soft Forks Could Improve BitVMX

BitVMX is a platform for optimistic verification of Bitcoin smart contracts. In this article, Fairgate Labs outlines various potential Bitcoin upgrades and how they could benefit BitVMX. The article argues that new opcodes introduced via soft forks could improve efficiency, reduce on-chain costs, simplify scripting, and promote decentralization.

Ethereum Execution Layer to Replace EVM with RISC-V

Vitalik announced a long-term proposal to replace the EVM in Ethereum’s execution layer with RISC-V as the virtual machine for smart contracts. This aims to significantly improve execution efficiency and address key scalability bottlenecks, while also simplifying the execution layer.

Additionally, Cardano’s Charles Hoskinson mentioned that their project is also using RISC-V in BitVMX, stating: “RISC-V is the future.”

Top Reads on Blockchains and Beyond

Viewing a Clown World Through Bitcoin: Responsibility, Freedom, and Self-Reflection

The book Bitcoin: The Inverse of Clown World critiques a modern society filled with “clowns”—obsessed with false political narratives and meaningless social issues, such as excessive focus on “political correctness” and climate change. The author argues that the root of absurdity is a lack of personal responsibility, and that when money breaks down, everything becomes political theater.

Beyond exposing and criticizing these absurdities, the book promotes Bitcoin as a means to succeed by providing value. It emphasizes the importance of protecting one’s time and mind in an era of information overload and encourages readers to reflect on their lifestyles and contribute to making a better world—with Bitcoin as a foundation for that change.

The book review by Bitcoin Magazine.

GPU Proof-of-Work: Redefining Energy, Computation, and Money in the AI Age

The author envisions a future where GPU-based Proof-of-Work (GPU PoW) plays a pivotal role in an AI-driven world. GPU PoW can secure cryptocurrencies, train AI models, balance energy loads, and help build a global compute marketplace. Unlike ASICs, which are limited to mining, GPUs are versatile and can dynamically shift workloads for optimal economic return.

By coordinating local data centers, superclusters, and middleware, GPU PoW can improve energy and compute efficiency without sacrificing decentralization. This gives rise to a new utility-based economic system. PoW is no longer just about mining—it becomes infrastructure supporting the convergence of AI, energy systems, and monetary networks.

DahLIAS：First Cryptographic Protocol for Fully Cross-Input Signature Aggregation Compatible with Secp256k1

Blockstream’s research team has introduced DahLIAS, the first cryptographic protocol that enables full cross-input signature aggregation, while remaining compatible with Bitcoin's existing secp256k1 elliptic curve.

An interactive aggregate signature scheme allows n signers—each with their own (sk, pk) key pair and message m—to jointly produce a short signature that proves each m was signed under its corresponding pk. While such schemes can offer massive space and verification savings—two critical bottlenecks for blockchain like Bitcoin—aggregate signatures have received less attention compared to other multisig schemes like MuSig2 or FROST.

DahLIAS is the first such scheme built on discrete logarithms in pairing-free groups, with constant-size signatures that look just like standard Schnorr signatures. DahLIAS also addresses real-world use cases. In addition to its savings in space and time, it supports key tweaking—a common Bitcoin technique used in hierarchical deterministic wallets to derive keys and enhance on-chain privacy.

Read the full paper.

Thunderbolt: A Formally Verified Protocol for Off-Chain Bitcoin Transfers

Bitcoin Thunderbolt is a novel off-chain protocol for asynchronous, secure transfer of Bitcoin UTXOs between uncoordinated users. Unlike prior solutions such as payment channels or the Lightning Network, Bitcoin Thunderbolt requires no prior trust, direct interaction, or continuous connectivity between sender and receiver.

At its core, Bitcoin Thunderbolt employs a Byzantine fault-tolerant committee to manage threshold Schnorr signatures, enabling secure ownership delegation and on-chain finalization.

Read the full paper.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Over the years my way of viewing the world has evolved. This has mostly affected how I interact with other people. As I have learned how to view the world through a new set of lenses I gain understanding of the world and also the people around me. Most of us probably see this in others but do we see it in ourselves? What lenses have you added to your set? What lenses do you see others using? For me I see most people viewing the world through the lens they are given each day. The first is politics. Basically this comes from the news they consume and the friends in their circle. Few actually question these lenses. They think anyone that has a different view outside of the "norm" is crazy or maybe dangerous.

Here is my list of lenses. Are their any I've missed?

• Personal benefit/profit
• Politics
• Incentives
• Cycles
• Patterns
• Economics
• Religion
• Human nature
• Culture
• Bitcoin

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

加密洞见

悬赏 1 BTC 的量子计算破解密钥挑战，被认为是个笑话

量子计算研究机构 Project Eleven 发布 Q-Day 挑战，宣布对能够于 2026 年 4 月 5 日之前、在量子计算机上使用 Shor 算法破解椭圆曲线加密（ECC）密钥的第一支团队提供 1 BTC 的奖励。Project Eleven 认为这将是一项极其艰巨的任务，即使获得几位私钥也将是一个大新闻。

而 Bitcoin Magazine 的长期贡献者 Shinobi 认为该笔赏金是一个笑话，并没有提供任何严肃的激励，原因有：

• 即使是对量子计算进展的高度乐观预测，也将实际实现这一目标的时间表定为 5-10 年；
• 按照目前单个比特币 80,000 美元的市价来看，奖励对于这项困难的工作其实并不多；
• 一台量子计算机可以完成比价值 80,000 美元更有价值的事，如窃听互联网连接、破解私人信息应用程序、破解整个 DNS 系统的证书颁发机构层次结构等。

重新定义比特币的基本单位的新 BIP

这份 BIP 草案建议重新定义「比特币」一词，以指代系统中最小的不可分割单位，即目前所说的「聪」（sat），目的是让交易看起来更清晰易读，可以有效降低了用户出错风险。如果某人有 851 个聪，钱包只显示 851 个比特币，而不是 0.00000851 BTC。变化的只有显示和解释金额的方式，而协议不变。

在这项提案之前，已经有提案（BIP 176）试图通过引入代表 100 聪的「比特」（bits）来使比特币数位的显示更加友好。虽然这减少了小数位的数量，但它引入了一种新的面额，用户必须学习并在其之间切换。

比特币交易活跃度低迷，稀疏区块仅包含 7 笔交易

比特币交易活动处于 2 年多来的最低水平，导致最大的矿池 Foundry 近期挖掘出一个稀疏的非空区块：Block 890466 仅包含 7 笔交易，重量为 5369 个单位。

上一个低于此的稀疏区块是 Binance Pool 在 2023 年 1 月挖出的区块 769895。内存池同样是空的，仅包含 4 笔交易，重量为 4370 个单位。

当前比特币挖矿高度集中：超过 95% 的区块仅由 6 个矿池开采

这篇由 b10c 发表的调查检查了当前五个最大的比特币矿池的哈希率份额，探讨 2025 年比特币挖矿中心化问题。第一部分着眼于 coinbase 交易中包含的矿池信息。第二部分考虑了假定的代理池。这两部分都显示了当前最大的矿池和挖矿集中化指数。调查结论：当下的比特币挖矿高度集中，有 6 个矿池开采了超过 95% 的区块。

预测到 2027 年的比特币哈希率

Valentin Rousseau 与 Blockspace 合作撰写了这份报告，涵盖： * 2025 年、2026 年和 2027 年的哈希率预测 * 当前的比特币挖矿经济学将如何影响哈希率的轨迹 * 公共矿工的哈希率扩展时间表，以及完成概率 * 不同比特币价格下哈希率增长的敏感度表

使用 VLS 支持非托管的闪电集成

VLS（Validating Lightning Signer）是签名者模块的库和参考实现，用于保护闪电节点，将 闪电私钥和安全规则验证从闪电节点分离到一个单独的签名设备中，通过减少攻击面来增强安全性。

在 VLS 之前，在不保管用户资金的情况下，在托管环境中安全地管理闪电私钥几乎是不可能的。Blockstream 的 Greenlight  在这份案例研究中介绍了如何使用 VLS，以非托管的方式使开发人员能够以最小的开销将闪电的功能添加到他们的应用程序中，同时确保用户保留对他们资金的完全控制权。Greenlight 构建在 Core Lightning 的模块化架构上，将由 Blockstream 管理的闪电节点操作与掌握在用户手中的闪电交易签名分开。

CTV+CSFS 如何改进 BitVM 网桥

Robin Linus 阐述了如何使用「输入提交契约」（input-committing covenants）在 BitVM 生态系统中构建更高效、更安全的桥，利用 CTV（CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY）和 CSFS (CHECKSIGFROMSTACK) 消除对预签名委员会的需求并显着减少交易规模。这一进步简化了桥架构，提高了运营效率，并旨在实现信任最小化的比特币互作性，尽管仍然存在诸如挂钩过程中的潜在审查等挑战。

RISC Zero 推出 R0VM 2.0，性能提升的同时确保安全性

RISC Zero 推出了 R0VM 2.0，重大改进包括： * 以太坊区块的验证和执行时间，从 35 分钟缩短到仅 44 秒； * 到有效性证明的成本降低了 5 倍，批量大小为 25 的每个区块交易成本从 1.355 USD 下降到 0.2747 USD；较大批次交易成本低至 0.0012 USD；

在安全性方面，形式化验证是 R0VM 2.0 的核心。目前已经验证 Keccak 电路的完全确定性，以及在其 v2 电路中，核心 RISC-V 功能的 123 个组件中有 122 个是确定性的。

比特币软分叉可以改进 BitVMX

BitVMX 是支持乐观验证比特币智能合约的平台。Fairgate Labs 在本文中介绍了比特币可能经历的不同类型的升级，以及它们如何对 BitVMX 产生积极影响，认为了新的 opcodes 如果被软分叉到比特币中，可以提高 BitVMX 的效率、降低链上成本、简化脚本，并变得更加去中心化。

以太坊执行层将用 RISC-V 替代 EVM

Vitalik 发布了长期 L1 执行提案，宣布以太坊执行层将用 RISC-V 替换 EVM 作为编写智能合约的虚拟机，以大幅提高以太坊执行层的效率 ，解决主要的扩展瓶颈之一，同时增强执行层的简单性。

此外，Cardano 的 Charles Hoskinson 也表示 Cardano 在 BitVMX 中使用了 RISC-V；RISC-V 就是未来。

精彩无限，不止于链

从比特币看荒诞的世界：责任、自由与自我反思

《Bitcoin: The Inverse of Clown World》（比特币：荒诞世界的逆转）一书批判了充满「小丑」的当代世界——被虚假的政治议题和无意义的社会关注所占据——比如对「政治正确」和气候变化的过度关注。作者认为荒谬的核心是人们不负责任的行为，并认为当货币失效时，一切都变成政治和闹剧。

除了揭示和批评诸多荒诞现象，作者指出比特币倡导通过提供价值来获得成功，并强调了个人在这个信息过载的时代保护自己的时间和思想的重要性，进一步鼓励读者在比特币的支持下，重新审视自己的生活方式，并为改变世界贡献力量。

这里是 Bitcoin Magazine 对该书的书评。

GPU 工作量证明：重新定义 AI 驱动时代的能源、计算和金钱

作者设想了以 GPU 为基础的工作量证明（GPU PoW）在 AI 驱动的未来中的潜力。GPU PoW 不仅可以用于加密货币的安全保障，还能参与 AI 模型训练、能源负载调节以及全球算力市场的构建，相较于传统只能挖矿的 ASIC，GPU 更通用灵活，并能动态分配任务，在不同场景下实现收益最大化。通过本地数据中心、超级集群与中间件协同运作，GPU PoW 可以在不牺牲去中心化的前提下，提升能源与计算资源的使用效率，并创造以实用性为基础的新型经济体系。PoW 不再只是挖矿，而是成为支撑 AI、能源系统与货币市场协同发展的基础设施。

DahLIAS：首个用于完全交叉输入签名聚合的加密协议，允许重用比特币的曲线 secp256k1

Blockstream 研究团队推出 DahLIAS——第一个用于完全交叉输入签名聚合的加密协议，允许重用比特币的曲线 secp256k1。

一个交互式聚合签名（interactive aggregate signatures）方案允许 n 个签名者，每人拥有自己的秘密/公钥对（sk, pk）和消息 m，共同生成一个简短的签名，同时证明每个 m 在 pk 下已经被签名，其中 i ∈ {1, . . . , n}。尽管在空间和验证时间方面具有巨大的节省潜力，这两个因素是像比特币这样的区块链系统的主要瓶颈。但聚合签名相比于多方签名家族中的其他成员（例如 MuSig2 多重签名和 FROST 阈值签名）受到的关注较少。

而 DahLIAS 是首个直接在无配对组（pairing-free groups）中的离散对数上构建的、具有常数大小签名的聚合签名方案——与标准的 Schnorr 签名具有相同形态。DahLIAS 的签名协议由两轮组成，第一轮可以在没有消息的情况下预处理，且验证某个由 n 个签名者创建的签名，是由一个大小为 n + 1 的多重指数运算主导，这在渐近意义上比批量验证 n 个独立的 Schnorr 签名要快两倍。

DahLIAS 也考虑到了现实中的应用。除了前述的空间节省和验证速度提升外，DahLIAS 还提供了密钥调整功能，这是一种常用于比特币的技术——从有层级的确定性钱包中派生密钥，以节省空间并增强链上隐私。研究团队在随机预言模型下，基于（代数的）再一次离散对数假设，证明了包含密钥调整功能的 DahLIAS 在并发设置下的安全性。

查看完整论文。

Thunderbolt: 经过验证的链下比特币转账协议

该 Bitcoin Thunderbolt 链下协议用于在未协调的用户之间安全、异步地转移比特币 UTXO。与支付通道或闪电网络等现有解决方案不同，该协议无需预先信任、直接交互或持续连接发送方和接收方。其核心是通过拜占庭容错 committee 来管理阈值 Schnorr 签名，实现安全的所有权委托和链上最终确认。

查看完整论文。

@ 3de5f798:31faf8b0

My everyday activity

This template is just for demo needs.

petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Welcome to the 3rd installment of this experiment in unearthing relics from Stacker News' past.

Catch yesterday's issue here: https://stacker.news/items/570204/r/Undisciplined

Thanks to @0xbitcoiner for making some formatting suggestions.

I have to make an executive decision about who to forward sats to, since only 5 are allowed and there are 9 potential recipients. Until I think of a reason to do something else, I'm going to reward the top stackers from each year.

---

June 12th, 2023 📅

---

📝 TOP POST

Ark AMA

Hi all, this is Burak. Feel free to ask me anything about Ark. Ark is a new privacy-preserving Bitcoin layer-two idea for those unfamiliar. I would love to address all of your questions or concerns you might have. Stupid questions are welcome :)

by @brqgoo 30.7k sats \ 112 comments

💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/191561

Excerpt:

Bitcoin is not salvation, a deity, the most moral cause in the world, etc.

by @scottathan 4276 sats/ 19 replies

That's right, two days in a row.

🏆TOP STACKER

2nd place is @ek (1st place, presumed to be @siggy47, is in hiding) 10.2k stacked \ 8830 spent \ 4 posts \ 48 comments \ 0 referrals

That's right, two days in a row.

https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng

June 12th, 2022 📅

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📝 TOP POST

Is a question worth a streaming revenue share? Yes.

Link to https://medium.com/@jeffrey.mclarty/is-a-question-worth-a-streaming-revenue-share-yes-fad085581457

by @MerryOscar 520 sats \ 3 comments

💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/35921/r/Undisciplined?commentId=35932

Excerpt

WoS is a custodial wallet, so you are correct to wonder if your funds there are safe. The answer is, ... no, your funds are not safe on a custodial wallet. Because YOU HAVE NO FUNDS on a custodial wallet. You have only an IOU from the operator of said custodial wallet.

by @cryptocoin 282 sats/ 1 reply

🏆TOP STACKER

@nout 334 stacked \ 1120 spent \ 0 posts \ 7 comments \ 0 referrals

https://imgprxy.stacker.news/fsFoWlgwKYsk5mxx2ijgqU8fg04I_2zA_D28t_grR74/rs:fit:960:540/aHR0cHM6Ly9tLnN0YWNrZXIubmV3cy8yMzc5Ng

June 12th, 2021 📅

---

📝 TOP POST

El Salvador Makes Bitcoin Legal Tender

The inaugural SN post! (Yes, it was the top post for two days in a row.)

by @k00b 6453 sats \ 4 boost \ 20 comments

💬 TOP COMMENT

https://stacker.news/items/2/r/Undisciplined?commentId=23

Some kind of markdown in comments

by @sha256 1000 sats

🏆TOP STACKER

@k00b 0 stacked \ 37 spent \ 3 posts \ 18 comments \ 0 referrals

@ 3de5f798:31faf8b0

My everyday activity

This template is just for demo needs.

petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

How to do curation and businesses on Nostr

Suppose you want to start a Nostr business.

You might be tempted to make a closed platform that reuses Nostr identities and grabs (some) content from the external Nostr network, only to imprison it inside your thing -- and then you're going to run an amazing AI-powered algorithm on that content and "surface" only the best stuff and people will flock to your app.

This will be specially good if you're going after one of the many unexplored niches of Nostr in which reading immediately from people you know doesn't work as you generally want to discover new things from the outer world, such as:

• food recipe sharing;
• sharing of long articles about varying topics;
• markets for used goods;
• freelancer work and job offers;
• specific in-game lobbies and matchmaking;
• directories of accredited professionals;
• sharing of original music, drawings and other artistic creations;
• restaurant recommendations
• and so on.

But that is not the correct approach and damages the freedom and interoperability of Nostr, posing a centralization threat to the protocol. Even if it "works" and your business is incredibly successful it will just enshrine you as the head of a platform that controls users and thus is prone to all the bad things that happen to all these platforms. Your company will start to display ads and shape the public discourse, you'll need a big legal team, the FBI will talk to you, advertisers will play a big role and so on.

If you are interested in Nostr today that must be because you appreciate the fact that it is not owned by any companies, so it's safe to assume you don't want to be that company that owns it. So what should you do instead? Here's an idea in two steps:

1. Write a Nostr client tailored to the niche you want to cover

If it's a music sharing thing, then the client will have a way to play the audio and so on; if it's a restaurant sharing it will have maps with the locations of the restaurants or whatever, you get the idea. Hopefully there will be a NIP or a NUD specifying how to create and interact with events relating to this niche, or you will write or contribute with the creation of one, because without interoperability none of this matters much.

The client should work independently of any special backend requirements and ideally be open-source. It should have a way for users to configure to which relays they want to connect to see "global" content -- i.e., they might want to connect to wss://nostr.chrysalisrecords.com/ to see only the latest music releases accredited by that label or to wss://nostr.indiemusic.com/ to get music from independent producers from that community.

1. Run a relay that does all the magic

This is where your value-adding capabilities come into play: if you have that magic sauce you should be able to apply it here. Your service, let's call it wss://magicsaucemusic.com/, will charge people or do some KYM (know your music) validation or use some very advanced AI sorcery to filter out the spam and the garbage and display the best content to your users who will request the global feed from it (["REQ", "_", {}]), and this will cause people to want to publish to your relay while others will want to read from it.

You set your relay as the default option in the client and let things happen. Your relay is like your "website" and people are free to connect to it or not. You don't own the network, you're just competing against other websites on a leveled playing field, so you're not responsible for it. Users get seamless browsing across multiple websites, unified identities, a unified interface (that could be different in a different client) and social interaction capabilities that work in the same way for all, and they do not depend on you, therefore they're more likely to trust you.

---

Does this centralize the network still? But this a simple and easy way to go about the matter and scales well in all aspects.

Besides allowing users to connect to specific relays for getting a feed of curated content, such clients should also do all kinds of "social" (i.e. following, commenting etc) activities (if they choose to do that) using the outbox model -- i.e. if I find a musician I like under wss://magicsaucemusic.com and I decide to follow them I should keep getting updates from them even if they get banned from that relay and start publishing on wss://nos.lol or wss://relay.damus.io or whatever relay that doesn't even know what music is.

The hardcoded defaults and manual typing of relay URLs can be annoying. But I think it works well at the current stage of Nostr development. Soon, though, we can create events that recommend other relays or share relay lists specific to each kind of activity so users can get in-app suggestions of relays their friends are using to get their music from and so on. That kind of stuff can go a long way.

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

noStrudel

Its been over four months since I released v0.42.0 of noStrudel but I haven't forgot about it, I've just been busy refactoring the code-base.

The app is well past its 2yr birthday and a lot of the code is really messy and kind of hacky. so my focus in the past few months has been refactoring and moving a lot of it out into the applesauce packages so it can be tested.

The biggest changes have been switching to use rx-nostr for all relay connections and using rxjs and applesauce for event management and timelines. In total ~22k lines of code have been changed since the last release.

I'm hoping it wont take me much longer to get a stable release for v0.43.0. In the meantime if you want to test out the new changes you can find them on the nsite deployment.

nsite deplyment: nostrudel.nsite.lol/ Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel

Applesauce

I've been making great progress on the applesauce libraries that are the core of onStrudel. Since January I've released v0.11.0 and v0.12.0.

In the past month I've been working towards a v1 release with a better relay connection package applesauce-relay and pre-built actions for clients to easily implement common things like follow/unfollow and mute/unmute. applesauce-actions

Docs website: hzrd149.github.io/applesauce/ Github repo: https://github.com/hzrd149/applesauce

Blossom

Spec changes: - Merged PR #56 from kehiy for BUD-09 ( blob reports ) - Merged PR #60 from Kieran to update BUD-8 to use the standard NIP-94 tags array. - Merged PR #38 to make the file extension mandatory in the url field of the returned blob descriptor. - Merged PR #54 changing the authorization type for the /media endpoint to media instead of upload. This fixes an issue where the server could mirror the original blob without the users consent.

Besides the changes to the blossom spec itself I started working on a small cli tool to help test and debug new blossom server implementations. The goal is to have a set of upload and download tests that can be run against a server to test if it adheres to the specifications. It can also be used output debug info and show recommended headers to add to the http responses.

If you have nodejs installed you can try it out by running sh npx blossom-audit audit <server-url> [image|bitcoin|gif|path/to/file.jpeg]

Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/blossom-audit

Other projects

Wifistr

While participating in SEC-04 I built a small app for sharing the locations and passwords of wifi networks. Its far from complete, but its usable and serves as an example of building an app with SolidJS and applesauce.

Live version: hzrd149.github.io/wifistr/ nsite version: here Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/wifistr

nsite-manager

I've been slowly continuing work on nsite-manager, mostly just to allow myself to debug various nsites and make sure nsite.lol is still working correctly.

Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/nsite-manager

nsite-gateway

I finally got around to making some much needed bug fixes and improvements to nsite-gateway ( the server behind nsite.lol ) and released a stable 1.0.0 version.

My hope is that its stable enough now to allow other users to start hosting their own instances of it.

Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/nsite-gateway

morning-glory

As part of my cashu PR for NUT-23 ( HTTP 402 Payment required ) I built a blossom server that only accepts cashu payments for uploads and stores blobs for 24h before deleting them.

Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/morning-glory

bakery

I've been toying with the idea of building a backend-first nostr client that would download events while I'm not at my computer and send me notifications about my DMs.

I made some progress on it in the last months but its far from complete or usable. Hopefully ill get some time in the next few months to create a working alpha version for myself and others to install on Umbrel and Start9

Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/bakery

@ a853296a:209e695f

What's up stackers! Today I'd like to announce CHADBot - an AI assistant that can monitor YouTube feeds and give you alerts, summary rundowns, and even blog post content directly to your Nostr DMs!

The What and Why Behind CHADBot

The last couple sprints I have been focused on the content creators demographic. As a member of @PlebLab, I have the privilege of access to numerous content creators like @ThrillerX_ that do bitcoin podcasts, and @bitcoinplebdev who does educational content among others. That access has helped me keep a tight feedback loop and discover new ways to create value.

A couple weeks ago I introduced the CASCDR YouTube Agent - a tool that can take a youtube link and automatically summarize the content (full write up here). This tool can be a game changer for productivity for people like Car that are creating multiple podcasts/livestreams per week. There's a serious strain for bandwidth & time the tool can fill the gap in a simple and straightforward way.

CHADBot takes that utility to a new level: it can monitor any YouTube Channel of your choice and send you DMs directly to your inbox. This takes one more step out of the workflow and makes it even easier to stay on top of the content production hustle.

The current demo is live and free for a limited time so check it out! I plan to expand the tool in the near future and allow subscriptions to RSS feeds and to enable other delivery media such as email soon.

Serendipity & Other Use Cases: TLDR -> TLDW

When I first set out to make this tool, I was focused on creators. But the feedback I got as it got out there is: it's a great tool for consumers as well. We all know about TLDR but how about Too Long Didn't Watch?

CHADBot helps you curate your information diet and be intentional in the face of the Age of the Digital Deluge.

How many times have you started watching a video to realize it's repeating things you already know or don't care about? Time and focus wasted.

How about the opposite case? You see some content that doesn't seem appealing on the surface but you get into it and realize you're learning from a hidden gem. CHADBot can help you efficiently scan an hour+ long video and find the diamond in the rough.

I was amused by the fact that even on a very early run @ThrillerX_ reposted a podcast he discovered thanks to CHADBot:

Reason Behind the Name

Ok. Yea. I wanted to find a way to incorporate the name Chad into this project. Sue me. CHAD stands for the CASCDR Hub for Acquisition of Data. And as I mentioned previously, CHAD doesn't stop here. He keeps going until he hoovers up all the useful data and gives it to you on a silver platter.

Limitations

I am forcing myself to ship weekly so there are some limitations to what the YouTube Agent & consequently CHADBot can do: - Videos over 90 minutes do not run reliably -> I have a fix I will put out in the coming weeks - Live videos do not work -> due to the mechanics of services used under the hood I am unable to extract transcriptions for live videos. I have planned a workaround for that. - CHADBot does not currently allow for custom prompts -> future releases will allow you to tweak that to get the style and outcome you're looking for in your personalized newsletter!

I will keep building and improving. Low time preference!

If you made it this far thank you for reading! Drop any feedback in the comments or hit us up on nostr.

Cheers!

@ 76b0d68a:fdf859d0

Gemini look like they've just released a new video generating function. I just asked it to generate a video of a dog running through the snow in the Swiss Alps and this is what it came up with. Amazing.

Amazing that this is what is for all intents and purposes freely available to anybody. My mind is blown.

I know we saw all this with Sora last year, but the speed at which this kind of capability is being propagated is terrific.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/957519

@ ec2c288b:5e09b426

Narratives are a way of simplifying a really complicated world. Compelling ones follow story structures that we’re used to seeing: a villain and a hero, a bad developer versus a mother who’s struggling to get her kids through college. These kinds of narratives are compelling because there’s a spark of truth in them, which is that there are power struggles in the world; there are winners and losers. Many narratives stick because they reaffirm our own opinions and views, but that can be really dangerous: Just because something feels true doesn’t mean that it is.

The narratives that don’t stick are usually the ones that are more complicated. There isn’t always a clear-cut good guy and bad guy. Often we’re just existing in systems where a bunch of people act in their own self-interest; some of them are trying to do good, but people have different conceptions of what good is. Trying to describe a world full of that kind of complexity is not as satisfying. -- someone, not me.

we need to remember this when we start believing narratives that we hear in our feedback loops. we need to remember this when we blame other people for how broken shit is. we need to remember this when when we want to believe we are special or in on some secret that no one else knows. we need to remember this when we believe we are the heroes and they are the foes. we need to remember this when we believe someone else will make everything better for us. we need to remember that we are always being given a narrative. bitcoin provides financial sovereignty, but it's nothing without mental sovereignty. a sovereign individual does not fall for the narratives because they don't need permission to think for themselves.

we need to remember

"These kinds of narratives are compelling because there’s a spark of truth in them, which is that there are power struggles in the world; there are winners and losers."

bitcoin is for enemies > bitcoin allows enemies to work together > bitcoin makes us all winners. if you're going to fall for a narrative anyways, it might as well be this one.

@ 24462930:3caf03ab

Nostr 中所有的数据都是事件，通过将事件存储在多个中继器上来实现去中心化，通过签名来证明事件的拥有者。但如果你想真正拥有你的事件，你应该运行一个自己的中继器来保存它们。否则一旦你使用的所有中继器出了故障或者刻意删除了你的事件，你将永远丢失它们。

对于大部份人来说，运行一个中继器是复杂的，成本高昂的。为了解决这个问题，我开发了 nostr-relay-tray，这是一款可以很方便在个人电脑上运行的中继器，并且支持通过互联网对其进行访问。

项目地址：https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-tray

本文将介绍如何使用 nostr-relay-tray 来运行一个自己的中继器。

下载

从 GitHub Release 页面 下载对应你操作系统的安装包

| 操作系统 | 文件格式 | | --------------------- | ---------------------------------- | | Windows | nostr-relay-tray.Setup.x.x.x.exe | | macOS (Apple Silicon) | nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x-arm64.dmg | | macOS (Intel) | nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x.dmg | | Linux | 你们应该知道使用哪个 |

安装

因为我没有对这个安装包进行数字签名，所以在安装时会有一些阻碍。安装成功后，菜单栏会出现一个鸵鸟图标。点击鸵鸟图标，你会看到一个菜单，点击 "Dashboard" 选项可以打开中继器的控制面板进行更多的配置。

macOS 用户注意：

• 首次打开时需要前往「系统设置 > 隐私与安全性」点击“仍要打开”按钮。
• 若遇损坏提示，需要在终端执行以下命令解除限制：

bash sudo xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine /Applications/nostr-relay-tray.app

Windows 用户：

• 在安全警告界面点击「更多信息 > 仍要运行」

连接

默认情况下，nostr-relay-tray 只能在本地通过 ws://localhost:4869/ 进行访问。这让它的用途非常有限，所以我们需要将它暴露到互联网。

在控制面板中点击 "Proxy" 选项卡，并打开开关。你将会获得一个 "Public address"，你可以使用这个地址在任何地方访问你的中继器。就是这么简单。

接下来，你要将刚刚获得的地址添加到你的中继器列表中。并且要让它在列表中尽可能靠前的位置。因为大部份的客户端会优先连接列表中靠前的中继器，后面的中继器常常会被忽略。

限制

接下来我们需要增加一些限制来防止中继器保存一些与你无关的事件，浪费存储空间。nostr-relay-tray 可以非常灵活精细地设置允许接收哪些事件，但有些复杂，所以不在这里介绍，如果有兴趣可以日后探索。

在这里我先介绍一个很简单有效的策略 —— WoT (Web of Trust)。你可以在 "WoT & PoW" 选项卡中打开这个功能。打开之前你需要先输入你的 pubkey。

这里还有一个非常重要的参数 Depth，它表示某个人与你的关系深度。你关注的人与你的深度为 1，你关注的人关注的人与你的深度为 2，以此类推。

• 如果你将这个参数设置为 0，那么你的中继器只会接收你自己的事件。
• 如果你将这个参数设置为 1，那么你的中继器只会接收你和你关注的人的事件。
• 如果你将这个参数设置为 2，那么你的中继器只会接收你和你关注的人的事件，以及你关注的人关注的人的事件。

目前这个参数的最大值只能为 2。

总结

至此，你已经成功运行了一个自己的中继器，并且设置了一个简单的限制来防止中继器保存一些与你无关的事件。

如果你在使用中遇到任何问题，请随时在 GitHub 上提交 issue，我会尽快回复你。

Not your relay, not your events

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

🆕 What's changed:

---

• New bonus guide dedicated to install/upgrade/uninstall PostgreSQL
• Modified the LND guide to use PostgreSQL instead of bbolt
• Modified the Nostr relay guide to use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite (experimental)
• Modified the BTCPay Server bonus guide according to these changes
• Used the lndinit MiniBolt org fork, to add an extra section to migrate an existing LND bbolt database to PostgreSQL (🚨⚠️Experimental - use it behind your responsibility⚠️🚨)
• New Golang bonus guide as a common language for the lndinit compile
• Updated LND to v0.18
• New Bitcoin Core extra section to renovate Tor & I2P addresses
• New Bitcoin Core extra section to generate a full bitcoin.conf file
• Rebuilt some homepage sections and general structure
• Deleted the $ symbol of the commands to easy copy-paste to the terminal
• Deleted the initial incoming and the outgoing rules configuration of UFW, due to it being by default

🪧 PD: If you want to use the old database backend of the LND or Nostr relay, follow the next extra sections:

• Use the default bbolt database backend for the LND
• Use the default SQLite database backend for the Nostr relay

⚠️Attention⚠️: The migration process was tested on testnet mode from an existing bbolt database backend to a new PostgreSQL database using lndinit and the results were successful. However, It wasn't tested on mainnet,according to the developer, it is in experimental status which could damage your existing LND database.🚨 Use it behind your responsibility 🧼

🔧 PR related: https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt/pull/93

---

♻️ Migrate the PostgreSQL database location

If you installed NBXplorer + BTCPay Server, it is probably you have the database of the PostgreSQL cluster on the default path (/var/lib/postgresql/16/main/), follow the next instructions to migrate it to the new dedicated location on /data/postgresdb folder:

• With user admin create the dedicated PostgreSQL data folder

sudo mkdir /data/postgresdb

• Assign as the owner to the postgres user

sudo chown postgres:postgres /data/postgresdb

• Assign permissions of the data folder only to the postgres user

sudo chmod -R 700 /data/postgresdb

• Stop NBXplorer and BTCPay Server

sudo systemctl stop nbxplorer && sudo systemctl stop btcpayserver

• Stop PostgreSQL

sudo systemctl stop postgresql

• Use the rsync command to copy all files from the existing database on (/var/lib/postgresql/16/main) to the new destination directory (/data/postgresdb)

sudo rsync -av /var/lib/postgresql/16/main/ /data/postgresdb/

Expected output:

``` sending incremental file list ./ PG_VERSION postgresql.auto.conf postmaster.opts postmaster.pid base/ base/1/ base/1/112 base/1/113 base/1/1247 base/1/1247_fsm base/1/1247_vm base/1/1249 base/1/1249_fsm base/1/1249_vm [...] pg_wal/000000010000000000000009 pg_wal/archive_status/ pg_xact/ pg_xact/0000

sent 164,483,875 bytes received 42,341 bytes 36,561,381.33 bytes/sec total size is 164,311,368 speedup is 1.00 ```

• Edit the PostgreSQL data directory on configuration, to redirect the store to the new location

sudo nano /etc/postgresql/16/main/postgresql.conf --linenumbers

• Replace the line 42 to this. Save and exit

data_directory = '/data/postgresdb'

• Start PostgreSQL to apply changes and monitor the correct status of the main instance and sub-instance monitoring sessions before

sudo systemctl start postgresql

• You can monitor the PostgreSQL main instance by the systemd journal and check the log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit the monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C

journalctl -fu postgresql

Example of the expected output:

Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL RDBMS. Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL RDBMS... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS.

• You can monitor the PostgreSQL sub-instance by the systemd journal and check log output to ensure all is correct. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C

journalctl -fu postgresql@16-main

Example of the expected output:

Nov 08 11:51:10 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopping PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main... Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Succeeded. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Stopped PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: postgresql@16-main.service: Consumed 1h 10min 8.677s CPU time. Nov 08 11:51:11 minibolt systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main... Nov 08 11:51:13 minibolt systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL Cluster 16-main.

• Start NBXplorer and BTCPay Server again

sudo systemctl start nbxplorer && sudo systemctl start btcpayserver

• Monitor to make sure everything is as you left it. You can exit monitoring at any time with Ctrl-C

journalctl -fu nbxplorer

journalctl -fu btcpayserver

Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙

@ 76b0d68a:fdf859d0

Am reading his 1995 diary and he was so interested and up on technology I would be interested in his take on everything in AI, music and art going on today!

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/957396

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Link to the bonus guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/index-4/index-1/minibolt-on-testnet

ℹ️ For the moment, this guide will touch only the case of an only testnet mode situation, in the future, we will study adding the case of configuration to enable the parallel/simultaneous mode (mainnet+testnet in the same device) in an extra section in this guide.

ℹ️ The services mentioned in this guide are those that have been tested using testnet configuration and these worked fine. Later, in the next versions of this guide, we will go to adding other processes to adapt other services to the testnet mode.

@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93

How to Be an Anti-Fascist: A Gentle Rebuttal to Billionaire Strongmen and Their Twitter Cosplays

By Carl Tuckerson

Good evening, radiant souls.

Tonight, I want to talk about something serious—but not in a shouty, vein-popping way. In a warm, clear-eyed, candle-lit kind of way. Let’s talk about fascism. And more importantly, how to stand firmly, nonviolently, and stylishly against it.

First, a definition. Fascism isn’t just people yelling on the internet or wearing weird hats. It’s a political disease—authoritarianism drenched in nationalism, allergic to diversity, and obsessed with power. It’s rigid. It’s cruel. It thrives on fear.

History, of course, gave us the ultimate case study: Adolf Hitler. A man who turned wounded ego and racist paranoia into a genocidal regime. Let’s be uncomfortably clear: fascism starts with rhetoric and ends in blood. It wears suits at first. Then it builds camps.

Which brings us to the now. To a peculiar blend of self-pitying billionaires and spray-tanned demagogues playing dictator on easy mode.

Let’s start with Elon Musk.

Here’s a man who once inspired us with rockets and electric cars—and now spends his time posting “anti-woke” memes like a Reddit troll who just discovered Ayn Rand. Elon claims to love “free speech,” unless that speech critiques him or his companies, in which case he’ll fire you, shadowban you, or awkwardly reply with a meme of Pepe the Frog.

You can’t be a free speech absolutist and also an insecure billionaire who throws tantrums when journalists ask questions. That’s not libertarianism. That’s narcissism with a Wi-Fi signal.

Then there’s Donald Trump.

The man who said he’d “drain the swamp” and instead held cocktail parties in it. Who said he loved “the people” but spent four years helping billionaires and banning brown kids. Who said he was “tough on crime” while pardoning white-collar felons and cozying up to actual Nazis at campaign rallies.

You don’t get to call yourself a patriot while trying to overthrow democracy. You don’t get to wrap yourself in the flag while selling fascist cosplay to a base too traumatized to see the grift. And no, calling your opponents “fascists” doesn’t make you less of one. That’s what projection looks like, not principle.

So… what does it actually mean to be anti-fascist?

It’s not just wearing black or smashing Starbucks windows (though I get the temptation). It means:

• Refusing to dehumanize. Even when it’s easier.

• Defending institutions of democracy while pushing them to do better.

• Confronting power with truth—especially when that power has a blue checkmark and a bunker.

• Building diverse communities where all people—not just rich white dudes with podcasts—have a voice.

• Educating yourself. Read. Listen. Learn from those who’ve lived through real authoritarianism. Hint: it wasn’t your uncle who got suspended from X.

And look, I get it. It's easy to feel hopeless. To doomscroll and despair. But the antidote to fascism isn’t more fear. It’s radical hope. It’s showing up. It's organizing mutual aid. It's hugging someone at a protest. It's running a book club. It’s standing in solidarity instead of standing by.

So if you’re wondering how to be anti-fascist?

Start by being anti-ego. Anti-greed. Anti-cruelty. Anti-lie. And yes, sometimes that means being anti-Musk. Anti-Trump. Anti-anyone who thinks oppression is a branding opportunity.

We’ve tried letting billionaires be our heroes. It didn’t work. Maybe it’s time to try being each other’s heroes instead.

Stay soft. Stay loud. Stay antifascist.

We’ll see you tomorrow.

— Radical Kindness Carl

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/957123

@ e691f4df:1099ad65

Viewing Bitcoin Through the Light of Awakening

Ankh & Ohm Capital’s Overview of the Psycho-Spiritual Nature of Bitcoin

---

Glossary:

I. Preface: The Logos of Our Logo

II. An Oracular Introduction

III. Alchemizing Greed

IV. Layers of Fractalized Thought

V. Permissionless Individuation

VI. Dispelling Paradox Through Resonance

VII. Ego Deflation

VIII. The Coin of Great Price

Preface: The Logos of Our Logo

Before we offer our lens on Bitcoin, it’s important to illuminate the meaning behind Ankh & Ohm’s name and symbol. These elements are not ornamental—they are foundational, expressing the cosmological principles that guide our work.

Our mission is to bridge the eternal with the practical. As a Bitcoin-focused family office and consulting firm, we understand capital not as an end, but as a tool—one that, when properly aligned, becomes a vehicle for divine order. We see Bitcoin not simply as a technological innovation but as an emanation of the Divine Logos—a harmonic expression of truth, transparency, and incorruptible structure. Both the beginning and the end, the Alpha and Omega.

The Ankh (☥), an ancient symbol of eternal life, is a key to the integration of opposites. It unites spirit and matter, force and form, continuity and change. It reminds us that capital, like Life, must not only be generative, but regenerative; sacred. Money must serve Life, not siphon from it.

The Ohm (Ω) holds a dual meaning. In physics, it denotes a unit of electrical resistance—the formative tension that gives energy coherence. In the Vedic tradition, Om (ॐ) is the primordial vibration—the sound from which all existence unfolds. Together, these symbols affirm a timeless truth: resistance and resonance are both sacred instruments of the Creator.

Ankh & Ohm, then, represents our striving for union, for harmony —between the flow of life and intentional structure, between incalculable abundance and measured restraint, between the lightbulb’s electrical impulse and its light-emitting filament. We stand at the threshold where intention becomes action, and where capital is not extracted, but cultivated in rhythm with the cosmos. 

We exist to shepherd this transformation, as guides of this threshold —helping families, founders, and institutions align with a deeper order, where capital serves not as the prize, but as a pathway to collective Presence, Purpose, Peace and Prosperity.

---

An Oracular Introduction

Bitcoin is commonly understood as the first truly decentralized and secure form of digital money—a breakthrough in monetary sovereignty. But this view, while technically correct, is incomplete and spiritually shallow. Bitcoin is more than a tool for economic disruption. Bitcoin represents a mythic threshold: a symbol of the psycho-spiritual shift that many ancient traditions have long foretold.

For millennia, sages and seers have spoken of a coming Golden Age. In the Vedic Yuga cycles, in Plato’s Great Year, in the Eagle and Condor prophecies of the Americas—there exists a common thread: that humanity will emerge from darkness into a time of harmony, cooperation, and clarity. That the veil of illusion (maya, materiality) will thin, and reality will once again become transparent to the transcendent. In such an age, systems based on scarcity, deception, and centralization fall away. A new cosmology takes root—one grounded in balance, coherence, and sacred reciprocity.

But we must ask—how does such a shift happen? How do we cross from the age of scarcity, fear, and domination into one of coherence, abundance, and freedom?

One possible answer lies in the alchemy of incentive.

Bitcoin operates not just on the rules of computer science or Austrian economics, but on something far more old and subtle: the logic of transformation. It transmutes greed—a base instinct rooted in scarcity—into cooperation, transparency, and incorruptibility.

In this light, Bitcoin becomes more than code—it becomes a psychoactive protocol, one that rewires human behavior by aligning individual gain with collective integrity. It is not simply a new form of money. It is a new myth of value. A new operating system for human consciousness.

Bitcoin does not moralize. It harmonizes. It transforms the instinct for self-preservation into a pathway for planetary coherence.

---

Alchemizing Greed

At the heart of Bitcoin lies the ancient alchemical principle of transmutation: that which is base may be refined into gold.

Greed, long condemned as a vice, is not inherently evil. It is a distorted longing. A warped echo of the drive to preserve life. But in systems built on scarcity and deception, this longing calcifies into hoarding, corruption, and decay.

Bitcoin introduces a new game. A game with memory. A game that makes deception inefficient and truth profitable. It does not demand virtue—it encodes consequence. Its design does not suppress greed; it reprograms it.

In traditional models, game theory often illustrates the fragility of trust. The Prisoner’s Dilemma reveals how self-interest can sabotage collective well-being. But Bitcoin inverts this. It creates an environment where self-interest and integrity converge—where the most rational action is also the most truthful.

Its ledger, immutable and transparent, exposes manipulation for what it is: energetically wasteful and economically self-defeating. Dishonesty burns energy and yields nothing. The network punishes incoherence, not by decree, but by natural law.

This is the spiritual elegance of Bitcoin: it does not suppress greed—it transmutes it. It channels the drive for personal gain into the architecture of collective order. Miners compete not to dominate, but to validate. Nodes collaborate not through trust, but through mathematical proof.

This is not austerity. It is alchemy.

Greed, under Bitcoin, is refined. Tempered. Re-forged into a generative force—no longer parasitic, but harmonic.

---

Layers of Fractalized Thought Fragments

All living systems are layered. So is the cosmos. So is the human being. So is a musical scale.

At its foundation lies the timechain—the pulsing, incorruptible record of truth. Like the heart, it beats steadily. Every block, like a pulse, affirms its life through continuity. The difficulty adjustment—Bitcoin’s internal calibration—functions like heart rate variability, adapting to pressure while preserving coherence.

Above this base layer is the Lightning Network—a second layer facilitating rapid, efficient transactions. It is the nervous system: transmitting energy, reducing latency, enabling real-time interaction across a distributed whole.

Beyond that, emerging tools like Fedimint and Cashu function like the capillaries—bringing vitality to the extremities, to those underserved by legacy systems. They empower the unbanked, the overlooked, the forgotten. Privacy and dignity in the palms of those the old system refused to see.

And then there is NOSTR—the decentralized protocol for communication and creation. It is the throat chakra, the vocal cords of the “freedom-tech” body. It reclaims speech from the algorithmic overlords, making expression sovereign once more. It is also the reproductive system, as it enables the propagation of novel ideas and protocols in fertile, uncensorable soil.

Each layer plays its part. Not in hierarchy, but in harmony. In holarchy. Bitcoin and other open source protocols grow not through exogenous command, but through endogenous coherence. Like cells in an organism. Like a song.

Imagine the cell as a piece of glass from a shattered holographic plate —by which its perspectival, moving image can be restructured from the single shard. DNA isn’t only a logical script of base pairs, but an evolving progressive song. Its lyrics imbued with wise reflections on relationships.  The nucleus sings, the cell responds—not by command, but by memory. Life is not imposed; it is expressed. A reflection of a hidden pattern.

Bitcoin chants this. Each node, a living cell, holds the full timechain—Truth distributed, incorruptible. Remove one, and the whole remains. This isn’t redundancy. It’s a revelation on the power of protection in Truth.

Consensus is communion. Verification becomes a sacred rite—Truth made audible through math. 

Not just the signal; the song. A web of self-expression woven from Truth.

No center, yet every point alive with the whole. Like Indra’s Net, each reflects all. This is more than currency and information exchange. It is memory; a self-remembering Mind, unfolding through consensus and code. A Mind reflecting the Truth of reality at the speed of thought.

Heuristics are mental shortcuts—efficient, imperfect, alive. Like cells, they must adapt or decay. To become unbiased is to have self-balancing heuristics which carry feedback loops within them: they listen to the environment, mutate when needed, and survive by resonance with reality. Mutation is not error, but evolution. Its rules are simple, but their expression is dynamic. 

What persists is not rigidity, but pattern. 

To think clearly is not necessarily to be certain, but to dissolve doubt by listening, adjusting, and evolving thought itself.

To understand Bitcoin is simply to listen—patiently, clearly, as one would to a familiar rhythm returning.

---

Permissionless Individuation

Bitcoin is a path. One that no one can walk for you.

Said differently, it is not a passive act. It cannot be spoon-fed. Like a spiritual path, it demands initiation, effort, and the willingness to question inherited beliefs.

Because Bitcoin is permissionless, no one can be forced to adopt it. One must choose to engage it—compelled by need, interest, or intuition. Each person who embarks undergoes their own version of the hero’s journey.

Carl Jung called this process Individuation—the reconciliation of fragmented psychic elements into a coherent, mature Self. Bitcoin mirrors this: it invites individuals to confront the unconscious assumptions of the fiat paradigm, and to re-integrate their relationship to time, value, and agency.

In Western traditions—alchemy, Christianity, Kabbalah—the individual is sacred, and salvation is personal. In Eastern systems—Daoism, Buddhism, the Vedas—the self is ultimately dissolved into the cosmic whole. Bitcoin, in a paradoxical way, echoes both: it empowers the individual, while aligning them with a holistic, transcendent order.

To truly see Bitcoin is to allow something false to die. A belief. A habit. A self-concept.

In that death—a space opens for deeper connection with the Divine itSelf. 

In that dissolution, something luminous is reborn. 

After the passing, Truth becomes resurrected.  

---

Dispelling Paradox Through Resonance

There is a subtle paradox encoded into the hero’s journey: each starts in solidarity, yet the awakening affects the collective.

No one can be forced into understanding Bitcoin. Like a spiritual truth, it must be seen. And yet, once seen, it becomes nearly impossible to unsee—and easier for others to glimpse. The pattern catches.

This phenomenon mirrors the concept of morphic resonance, as proposed and empirically tested by biologist Rupert Sheldrake. Once a critical mass of individuals begins to embody a new behavior or awareness, it becomes easier—instinctive—for others to follow suit. Like the proverbial hundredth monkey who begins to wash the fruit in the sea water, and suddenly, monkeys across islands begin doing the same—without ever meeting.

When enough individuals embody a pattern, it ripples outward. Not through propaganda, but through field effect and wave propagation. It becomes accessible, instinctive, familiar—even across great distance.

Bitcoin spreads in this way. Not through centralized broadcast, but through subtle resonance. Each new node, each individual who integrates the protocol into their life, strengthens the signal for others. The protocol doesn’t shout; it hums, oscillates and vibrates——persistently, coherently, patiently.

One awakens. Another follows. The current builds. What was fringe becomes familiar. What was radical becomes obvious.

This is the sacred geometry of spiritual awakening. One awakens, another follows, and soon the fluidic current is strong enough to carry the rest. One becomes two, two become many, and eventually the many become One again. This tessellation reverberates through the human aura, not as ideology, but as perceivable pattern recognition.

Bitcoin’s most powerful marketing tool is truth. Its most compelling evangelist is reality. Its most unstoppable force is resonance.

Therefore, Bitcoin is not just financial infrastructure—it is psychic scaffolding. It is part of the subtle architecture through which new patterns of coherence ripple across the collective field. 

The training wheels from which humanity learns to embody Peace and Prosperity.

---

Ego Deflation

The process of awakening is not linear, and its beginning is rarely gentle—it usually begins with disruption, with ego inflation and destruction.

To individuate is to shape a center; to recognize peripherals and create boundaries—to say, “I am.” But without integration, the ego tilts—collapsing into void or inflating into noise. Fiat reflects this pathology: scarcity hoarded, abundance simulated. Stagnation becomes disguised as safety, and inflation masquerades as growth.

In other words, to become whole, the ego must first rise—claiming agency, autonomy, and identity. However, when left unbalanced, it inflates, or implodes. It forgets its context. It begins to consume rather than connect. And so the process must reverse: what inflates must deflate.

In the fiat paradigm, this inflation is literal. More is printed, and ethos is diluted. Savings decay. Meaning erodes. Value is abstracted. The economy becomes bloated with inaudible noise. And like the psyche that refuses to confront its own shadow, it begins to collapse under the weight of its own illusions.

But under Bitcoin, time is honored. Value is preserved. Energy is not abstracted but grounded.

Bitcoin is inherently deflationary—in both economic and spiritual senses. With a fixed supply, it reveals what is truly scarce. Not money, not status—but the finite number of heartbeats we each carry.

To see Bitcoin is to feel that limit in one’s soul. To hold Bitcoin is to feel Time’s weight again. To sense the importance of Bitcoin is to feel the value of preserved, potential energy. It is to confront the reality that what matters cannot be printed, inflated, or faked. In this way, Bitcoin gently confronts the ego—not through punishment, but through clarity.

Deflation, rightly understood, is not collapse—it is refinement. It strips away illusion, bloat, and excess. It restores the clarity of essence.

Spiritually, this is liberation.

---

The Coin of Great Price

There is an ancient parable told by a wise man:

“The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant seeking fine pearls, who, upon finding one of great price, sold all he had and bought it.”

Bitcoin is such a pearl.

But the ledger is more than a chest full of treasure. It is a key to the heart of things.

It is not just software—it is sacrament.

A symbol of what cannot be corrupted. A mirror of divine order etched into code. A map back to the sacred center.

It reflects what endures. It encodes what cannot be falsified. It remembers what we forgot: that Truth, when aligned with form, becomes Light once again.

Its design is not arbitrary. It speaks the language of life itself— 

The elliptic orbits of the planets mirrored in its cryptography,

The logarithmic spiral of the nautilus shell discloses its adoption rate,

The interconnectivity of mycelium in soil reflect the network of nodes in cyberspace, 

A webbed breadth of neurons across synaptic space fires with each new confirmed transaction.

It is geometry in devotion. Stillness in motion.

It is the Logos clothed in protocol.

What this key unlocks is beyond external riches. It is the eternal gold within us.

Clarity. Sovereignty. The unshakeable knowing that what is real cannot be taken. That what is sacred was never for sale.

Bitcoin is not the destination.

It is the Path.

And we—when we are willing to see it—are the Temple it leads back to.

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

The MiniBolt guide has been updated to a new version 2!!

The new version is available at: https://minibolt.info

Main changes to version 1:

• The complete guide has been migrated to the new design visual builder web tool platform gitbook.com
• New modern UI (responsive, full width, and better visual items)
• New menu structure for a better user experience
• New visual items to improve the navigation through the web page
• New switch to enable light/dark theme
• Enabled Cloudflare Proxy for maximum protection against attacks and better management of the domain

Other changes:

• New MiniBolt Linktr forked of the alternative FOSS project proposed by Gzuuus
• Changed MiniBolt from a personal project to an organization so that the project has its own identity
• New email contact address hello@minibolt.info to receive proposals and give support
• New resources folder with the current MiniBolt roadmap, network map diagrams, and others

ℹ️ More info:

• The new version is available with the known domain: minibolt.info but from now on links associated with the new v2 version were shared using the v2.minibolt.info subdomain due to a GitBook limitation
• The old and deprecated v1 will be still available at a time in the subdomain v1.minibolt.info, but is in the roadmap delete it definitely in the future, take note ASAP of all that you need of that version before this happens
• Contributors and collaborators will be able to continue doing PR through code programming or using the design block builder gitbook.com

GitHub release

Enjoy it MiniBolter! 💙

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

If you ever read about a hypothetical "evil AI"—one that manipulates, dominates, and surveils humanity—you might find yourself wondering: how is that any different from what some governments already do?

Let’s explore the eerie parallels between the actions of a fictional malevolent AI and the behaviors of powerful modern states—specifically the U.S. federal government.

Surveillance and Control

Evil AI: Uses total surveillance to monitor all activity, predict rebellion, and enforce compliance.

Modern Government: Post-9/11 intelligence agencies like the NSA have implemented mass data collection programs, monitoring phone calls, emails, and online activity—often without meaningful oversight.

Parallel: Both claim to act in the name of “security,” but the tools are ripe for abuse.

Manipulation of Information

Evil AI: Floods the information space with propaganda, misinformation, and filters truth based on its goals.

Modern Government: Funds media outlets, promotes specific narratives through intelligence leaks, and collaborates with social media companies to suppress or flag dissenting viewpoints.

Parallel: Control the narrative, shape public perception, and discredit opposition.

Economic Domination

Evil AI: Restructures the economy for efficiency, displacing workers and concentrating resources.

Modern Government: Facilitates wealth transfer through lobbying, regulatory capture, and inflationary monetary policy that disproportionately hurts the middle and lower classes.

Parallel: The system enriches those who control it, leaving the rest with less power to resist.

Perpetual Warfare

Evil AI: Instigates conflict to weaken opposition or as a form of distraction and control.

Modern Government: Maintains a state of nearly constant military engagement since WWII, often for interests that benefit a small elite rather than national defense.

Parallel: War becomes policy, not a last resort.

Predictive Policing and Censorship

Evil AI: Uses predictive algorithms to preemptively suppress dissent and eliminate threats.

Modern Government: Experiments with pre-crime-like measures, flags “misinformation,” and uses AI tools to monitor online behavior.

Parallel: Prevent rebellion not by fixing problems, but by suppressing their expression.

Conclusion: Systemic Inhumanity

Whether it’s AI or a bureaucratic state, the more a system becomes detached from individual accountability and human empathy, the more it starts to act in ways we would call “evil” if a machine did them.

An AI doesn’t need to enslave humanity with lasers and killer robots. Sometimes all it takes is code, coercion, and unchecked power—something we may already be facing.

@ 2ed3596e:98b4cc78

Bitcoiners, your points just got a lot more epic! We’re thrilled to announce the launch of the Bitcoin Well Point Store, available now in Canada and the USA.

Now you can redeem your Bitcoin Well points for prizes that level up and celebrate your Bitcoin lifestyle.

What can you get in store?

Right now, you can exchange your points for:

• Simply Bitcoin hoodie: Rep your Bitcoin pride in style

• Exclusive Bitcoin Well Stampseed backup plate: Protect and manage your private keys securely

• Personalized LeatherMint wallet: Classy, sleek, and ready to hold your fiat (until you convert it to sats!)

• Tesla Cybertruck in Bitcoin orange: Wait…really? A Cybertruck? Who approved this? 

More epic items will be available in the Bitcoin Well Point Store in the coming months. Stay tuned! 

How to redeem your Bitcoin Well Points

Redeeming your points is easy:

1. Log in and go the Bitcoin Well Points store within the Rewards Section

2. Check your Bitcoin Well point balance

3. Redeem Your Bitcoin Well points for the prize of your dreams

Once you’ve purchased an item from the Bitcoin Well Point Store, we’ll email you to figure out where you want us to ship your prize. Unless it's the Cybertruck, then you can come to our office and pick it up! 

How can you earn more Bitcoin Well Points? ⚡

Here are all the ways you can earn Bitcoin Well points:

• Buy bitcoin/Sell bitcoin/pay bills - 3 Points per $10

• Recurring buy - 5 points per $10 

• First transaction bonus - 500 points 

• Refer a friend to Bitcoin Well - 500 points

The more you use Bitcoin Well, the more points you earn, rewarding you for investing in your freedom and self-sovereignty 

Want sats, not stuff? No problem! 👇

You can keep earning sats by playing the Bitcoin (Wishing) Well! You can win up to 1,000,000 on your next coin toss. Now you have the exciting choice: do you play the  Bitcoin (Wishing) Well or save up your Bitcoin Well points for a sweet prize? 

What makes Bitcoin Well different

Bitcoin Well is on a mission to enable independence. We do this by making it easy to self custody bitcoin and embracing the latest bitcoin innovations. By custodying their own money, our customers are free to do as they wish without begging for permission. By creating a full ecosystem to buy, sell and use your bitcoin to connect with the modern financial world, you are able to have your cake and eat it too - or have your bitcoin in self custody and easily spend it too 🎂. 

Create your Bitcoin Well account now →

Invest in Bitcoin Well

We are publicly traded (and love it when our customers become shareholders!) and hold ourselves to a high standard of enabling life on a Bitcoin standard. If you want to learn more about Bitcoin Well, please visit our website or reach out!

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

The router reserves the IP address of the device for a time after going out, but if the device goes out soo time, the next time that the device starts, the router could assign a different IP and you could lose access to your node. To avoid this, you need to set a static IP to your MiniBolt.

In addition, you can customize your DNS servers to improve your privacy, normally your ISP, gives you the router with its own DNS servers set by default, and this does that you expose all of your navigation trackings to your ISP, affecting seriously your privacy.

This bonus guide includes all of the necessary steps to get this and is available at: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/static-ip-and-custom-dns-servers

@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93

By Carl Tuckerson, Who Weeps During City Council Meetings

Democracy is not a system.

It is a living, breathing organism, pulsating with the ancestral heartbeat of every barefoot revolutionary who ever composted oppression into community gardens of change.

It is consent manifested, a tapestry woven by the trembling hands of the marginalized and the mildly inconvenienced alike. It is radical accountability on a biodegradable ballot.

Democracy is the collective inhale of a million voices saying, “Yes, I matter,” and the collective exhale of power releasing its grip—not because it was forced to, but because it finally understood its own trauma.

It is fluid, non-binary, and consensually participatory. A polyamorous relationship between people, policy, and purpose. No labels. Just vibes.

It is the sacred act of showing up—in person, in spirit, in ethically sourced linen—because you believe that your voice, no matter how tremulously intersectional, is a note in the symphony of collective liberation.

Democracy is not red or blue. It’s not even purple. It’s the entire spectrum of human expression, from burnt sienna to sunset glitter sparkle.

It is brunch and ballots. It is protest and poetry. It is tweeting while crying while registering your roommate to vote.

It is government of the people, by the people, and for the people, but especially for the people who’ve been gaslit by history.

And when democracy falters, we don’t abolish it—we give it a weighted blanket, whisper affirmations into its ear, and tell it to take the day off, because healing is not linear.

So what is democracy?

It’s not a noun.It’s not even a verb.It’s a sacred energy exchange—and if you listen closely, you can hear it humming in the compost bin behind your community center.

Namaste. Vote. And remember: ballots are spells cast in ink. Use yours wisely.

— Carl, “Decolonize the Vote” Tuckerson

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/956879

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Proxy using NYM mixnet:

• Outbound connections of Bitcoin Core to the clearnet (mainnet / testnet)
• Clearnet connections of Bitcoin Wallets (Electrum, Sparrow, Bitbox, Blockstream Green, etc)
• Browsing using Firefox based-browsers (Firefox, Librewolf, Mullvad, etc)
• Outbound connections to servers of other services (Telegram, Keybase, etc) and any app that supports SOCKS5 proxy (some may still be incompatible)

Link to the bonus guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/nym-mixnet

P.S.: Currently, it is not mandatory to pay or receive incentives for running a node on the NYM network using its homonymous token, so there is no need to make use of it or its blockchain.

@ 40b9c85f:5e61b451

Introduction

Data Vending Machines (DVMs) have emerged as a crucial component of the Nostr ecosystem, offering specialized computational services to clients across the network. As defined in NIP-90, DVMs operate on an apparently simple principle: "data in, data out." They provide a marketplace for data processing where users request specific jobs (like text translation, content recommendation, or AI text generation)

While DVMs have gained significant traction, the current specification faces challenges that hinder widespread adoption and consistent implementation. This article explores some ideas on how we can apply the reflection pattern, a well established approach in RPC systems, to address these challenges and improve the DVM ecosystem's clarity, consistency, and usability.

The Current State of DVMs: Challenges and Limitations

The NIP-90 specification provides a broad framework for DVMs, but this flexibility has led to several issues:

1. Inconsistent Implementation

As noted by hzrd149 in "DVMs were a mistake" every DVM implementation tends to expect inputs in slightly different formats, even while ostensibly following the same specification. For example, a translation request DVM might expect an event ID in one particular format, while an LLM service could expect a "prompt" input that's not even specified in NIP-90.

2. Fragmented Specifications

The DVM specification reserves a range of event kinds (5000-6000), each meant for different types of computational jobs. While creating sub-specifications for each job type is being explored as a possible solution for clarity, in a decentralized and permissionless landscape like Nostr, relying solely on specification enforcement won't be effective for creating a healthy ecosystem. A more comprehensible approach is needed that works with, rather than against, the open nature of the protocol.

3. Ambiguous API Interfaces

There's no standardized way for clients to discover what parameters a specific DVM accepts, which are required versus optional, or what output format to expect. This creates uncertainty and forces developers to rely on documentation outside the protocol itself, if such documentation exists at all.

The Reflection Pattern: A Solution from RPC Systems

The reflection pattern in RPC systems offers a compelling solution to many of these challenges. At its core, reflection enables servers to provide metadata about their available services, methods, and data types at runtime, allowing clients to dynamically discover and interact with the server's API.

In established RPC frameworks like gRPC, reflection serves as a self-describing mechanism where services expose their interface definitions and requirements. In MCP reflection is used to expose the capabilities of the server, such as tools, resources, and prompts. Clients can learn about available capabilities without prior knowledge, and systems can adapt to changes without requiring rebuilds or redeployments. This standardized introspection creates a unified way to query service metadata, making tools like grpcurl possible without requiring precompiled stubs.

How Reflection Could Transform the DVM Specification

By incorporating reflection principles into the DVM specification, we could create a more coherent and predictable ecosystem. DVMs already implement some sort of reflection through the use of 'nip90params', which allow clients to discover some parameters, constraints, and features of the DVMs, such as whether they accept encryption, nutzaps, etc. However, this approach could be expanded to provide more comprehensive self-description capabilities.

1. Defined Lifecycle Phases

Similar to the Model Context Protocol (MCP), DVMs could benefit from a clear lifecycle consisting of an initialization phase and an operation phase. During initialization, the client and DVM would negotiate capabilities and exchange metadata, with the DVM providing a JSON schema containing its input requirements. nip-89 (or other) announcements can be used to bootstrap the discovery and negotiation process by providing the input schema directly. Then, during the operation phase, the client would interact with the DVM according to the negotiated schema and parameters.

2. Schema-Based Interactions

Rather than relying on rigid specifications for each job type, DVMs could self-advertise their schemas. This would allow clients to understand which parameters are required versus optional, what type validation should occur for inputs, what output formats to expect, and what payment flows are supported. By internalizing the input schema of the DVMs they wish to consume, clients gain clarity on how to interact effectively.

3. Capability Negotiation

Capability negotiation would enable DVMs to advertise their supported features, such as encryption methods, payment options, or specialized functionalities. This would allow clients to adjust their interaction approach based on the specific capabilities of each DVM they encounter.

Implementation Approach

While building DVMCP, I realized that the RPC reflection pattern used there could be beneficial for constructing DVMs in general. Since DVMs already follow an RPC style for their operation, and reflection is a natural extension of this approach, it could significantly enhance and clarify the DVM specification.

A reflection enhanced DVM protocol could work as follows: 1. Discovery: Clients discover DVMs through existing NIP-89 application handlers, input schemas could also be advertised in nip-89 announcements, making the second step unnecessary. 2. Schema Request: Clients request the DVM's input schema for the specific job type they're interested in 3. Validation: Clients validate their request against the provided schema before submission 4. Operation: The job proceeds through the standard NIP-90 flow, but with clearer expectations on both sides

Parallels with Other Protocols

This approach has proven successful in other contexts. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) implements a similar lifecycle with capability negotiation during initialization, allowing any client to communicate with any server as long as they adhere to the base protocol. MCP and DVM protocols share fundamental similarities, both aim to expose and consume computational resources through a JSON-RPC-like interface, albeit with specific differences.

gRPC's reflection service similarly allows clients to discover service definitions at runtime, enabling generic tools to work with any gRPC service without prior knowledge. In the REST API world, OpenAPI/Swagger specifications document interfaces in a way that makes them discoverable and testable.

DVMs would benefit from adopting these patterns while maintaining the decentralized, permissionless nature of Nostr.

Conclusion

I am not attempting to rewrite the DVM specification; rather, explore some ideas that could help the ecosystem improve incrementally, reducing fragmentation and making the ecosystem more comprehensible. By allowing DVMs to self describe their interfaces, we could maintain the flexibility that makes Nostr powerful while providing the structure needed for interoperability.

For developers building DVM clients or libraries, this approach would simplify consumption by providing clear expectations about inputs and outputs. For DVM operators, it would establish a standard way to communicate their service's requirements without relying on external documentation.

I am currently developing DVMCP following these patterns. Of course, DVMs and MCP servers have different details; MCP includes capabilities such as tools, resources, and prompts on the server side, as well as 'roots' and 'sampling' on the client side, creating a bidirectional way to consume capabilities. In contrast, DVMs typically function similarly to MCP tools, where you call a DVM with an input and receive an output, with each job type representing a different categorization of the work performed.

Without further ado, I hope this article has provided some insight into the potential benefits of applying the reflection pattern to the DVM specification.

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Link to the bonus guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/ssh-keys

• Generate SSH keys
• Import SSH pubkey
• Connect to the MiniBolt node using SSH keys
• Disable password login
• Disable admin password request

Shortcut to the "Disable password login" section: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/ssh-keys#disable-password-login

Shortcut to the "Disable admin password request" section: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/ssh-keys#disable-admin-password-request-optional-caution

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Link to the bonus guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/ordisrespector

⏰ Recently added an update that includes a new section How to detect Ordinals transactions and verify that the Ordisrespector filter works in your mempool to verify that Ordispector is filtering and burning Ordinals correctly 🔥

As an optional extra section, some instructions are included to add the Bitcoin Barcelona node --> link

@ f32184ee:6d1c17bf

Ads Fueling Freedom

Ross Ulbricht’s "Decentralize Social Media" painted a picture of a user-centric, decentralized future that transcended the limitations of platforms like the tech giants of today. Though focused on social media, his concept provided a blueprint for decentralized content systems writ large. The PROMO Protocol, designed by NextBlock while participating in Sovereign Engineering, embodies this blueprint in the realm of advertising, leveraging Nostr and Bitcoin’s Lightning Network to give individuals control, foster a multi-provider ecosystem, and ensure secure value exchange. In this way, Ulbricht’s 2021 vision can be seen as a prescient prediction of the PROMO Protocol’s structure. This is a testament to the enduring power of his ideas, now finding form in NextBlock’s innovative approach.

[Current Platform-Centric Paradigm, source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]

Ulbricht’s Vision: A Decentralized Social Protocol

In his 2021 Medium article Ulbricht proposed a revolutionary vision for a decentralized social protocol (DSP) to address the inherent flaws of centralized social media platforms, such as privacy violations and inconsistent content moderation. Writing from prison, Ulbricht argued that decentralization could empower users by giving them control over their own content and the value they create, while replacing single, monolithic platforms with a competitive ecosystem of interface providers, content servers, and advertisers. Though his focus was on social media, Ulbricht’s ideas laid a conceptual foundation that strikingly predicts the structure of NextBlock’s PROMO Protocol, a decentralized advertising system built on the Nostr protocol.

[A Decentralized Social Protocol (DSP), source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]

Ulbricht’s Principles

Ulbricht’s article outlines several key principles for his DSP: * User Control: Users should own their content and dictate how their data and creations generate value, rather than being subject to the whims of centralized corporations. * Decentralized Infrastructure: Instead of a single platform, multiple interface providers, content hosts, and advertisers interoperate, fostering competition and resilience. * Privacy and Autonomy: Decentralized solutions for profile management, hosting, and interactions would protect user privacy and reduce reliance on unaccountable intermediaries. * Value Creation: Users, not platforms, should capture the economic benefits of their contributions, supported by decentralized mechanisms for transactions.

These ideas were forward-thinking in 2021, envisioning a shift away from the centralized giants dominating social media at the time. While Ulbricht didn’t specifically address advertising protocols, his framework for decentralization and user empowerment extends naturally to other domains, like NextBlock’s open-source offering: the PROMO Protocol.

NextBlock’s Implementation of PROMO Protocol

The PROMO Protocol powers NextBlock's Billboard app, a decentralized advertising protocol built on Nostr, a simple, open protocol for decentralized communication. The PROMO Protocol reimagines advertising by: * Empowering People: Individuals set their own ad prices (e.g., 500 sats/minute), giving them direct control over how their attention or space is monetized. * Marketplace Dynamics: Advertisers set budgets and maximum bids, competing within a decentralized system where a 20% service fee ensures operational sustainability. * Open-Source Flexibility: As an open-source protocol, it allows multiple developers to create interfaces or apps on top of it, avoiding the single-platform bottleneck Ulbricht critiqued. * Secure Payments: Using Strike Integration with Bitcoin Lightning Network, NextBlock enables bot-resistant and intermediary-free transactions, aligning value transfer with each person's control.

This structure decentralizes advertising in a way that mirrors Ulbricht’s broader vision for social systems, with aligned principles showing a specific use case: monetizing attention on Nostr.

Aligned Principles

Ulbricht’s 2021 article didn’t explicitly predict the PROMO Protocol, but its foundational concepts align remarkably well with NextBlock's implementation the protocol’s design: * Autonomy Over Value: Ulbricht argued that users should control their content and its economic benefits. In the PROMO Protocol, people dictate ad pricing, directly capturing the value of their participation. Whether it’s their time, influence, or digital space, rather than ceding it to a centralized ad network. * Ecosystem of Providers: Ulbricht envisioned multiple providers replacing a single platform. The PROMO Protocol’s open-source nature invites a similar diversity: anyone can build interfaces or tools on top of it, creating a competitive, decentralized advertising ecosystem rather than a walled garden. * Decentralized Transactions: Ulbricht’s DSP implied decentralized mechanisms for value exchange. NextBlock delivers this through the Bitcoin Lightning Network, ensuring that payments for ads are secure, instantaneous and final, a practical realization of Ulbricht’s call for user-controlled value flows. * Privacy and Control: While Ulbricht emphasized privacy in social interactions, the PROMO Protocol is public by default. Individuals are fully aware of all data that they generate since all Nostr messages are signed. All participants interact directly via Nostr.

[Blueprint Match, source NextBlock]

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Who We Are

NextBlock is a US-based new media company reimagining digital ads for a decentralized future. Our founders, software and strategy experts, were hobbyist podcasters struggling to promote their work online without gaming the system. That sparked an idea: using new tech like Nostr and Bitcoin to build a decentralized attention market for people who value control and businesses seeking real connections.

Our first product, Billboard, is launching this June.

Open for All

Our model’s open-source! Check out the PROMO Protocol, built for promotion and attention trading. Anyone can join this decentralized ad network. Run your own billboard or use ours. This is a growing ecosystem for a new ad economy.

Our Vision

NextBlock wants to help build a new decentralized internet. Our revolutionary and transparent business model will bring honest revenue to companies hosting valuable digital spaces. Together, we will discover what our attention is really worth.

Read our Manifesto to learn more.

NextBlock is registered in Texas, USA.

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

• Set up Dynamic DNS
• Wireguard VPN server & client side configurations
• Install & configure the WireGuard VPN Client on a mobile phone
• Configure additional servers & clients
• Use your router’s DDNS preconfigured provider
• Port forwarding on NAT/PAT router

Link to the bonus guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/wireguard-vpn

@ 5c26ee8b:a4d229aa

5:118 Al-Maaida

‎إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ ۖ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

If You should punish them - indeed they are Your servants; but if You forgive them - indeed it is You who is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

The previous verse will be said by prophet Jesus, peace be upon him, on the day of reckoning.

No one will enter paradise without God’s mercy.

16:61 An-Nahl

‎وَلَوْ يُؤَاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِظُلْمِهِمْ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ وَلَٰكِنْ يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ لَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ سَاعَةً ۖ وَلَا يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ

And if Allah were to impose blame on the people for their wrongdoing, He would not have left upon the earth any creature, but He defers them for a specified term. And when their term has come, they will not remain behind an hour, nor will they precede [it].

And no one will enter paradise with pride in the heart. Pride belongs only to God, Allah, as mentioned in the next verse.

45:37 Al-Jaathiya

‎وَلَهُ الْكِبْرِيَاءُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

And to Him belongs [all] the pride within the heavens and the earth, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observed: None shall enter the Fire (of Hell) who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of belief (in the oneness of God and resurrection day) and none shall enter Paradise who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride.

‎حَدَّثَنَا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ التَّمِيمِيُّ، وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، - قَالَ مِنْجَابٌ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، - عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ لاَ يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ أَحَدٌ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ حَبَّةِ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ وَلاَ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ أَحَدٌ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ حَبَّةِ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ كِبْرِيَاءَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

God, Allah doesn’t forgive that any other is associated with him in worship. Also, the good deeds of disbelievers will worth nothing.

4:116 An-Nisaa

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا

Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly gone far astray.

18:103 Al-Kahf

قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالًا

Say, [O Muhammad], "Shall we [believers] inform you of the greatest losers as to [their] deeds?

18:104 Al-Kahf

‎الَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا

[They are] those whose effort is lost in worldly life, while they think that they are doing well in work."

18:105 Al-Kahf

‎أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَلِقَائِهِ فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَزْنًا

Those are the ones who disbelieve in the verses of their Lord and in [their] meeting Him, so their deeds have become worthless; and We will not assign to them on the Day of Resurrection any importance.

18:106 Al-Kahf

‎ذَٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا

That is their recompense - Hell - for what they denied and [because] they took My signs and My messengers in ridicule.

18:107 Al-Kahf

‎إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا

Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds - they will have the Gardens of Paradise as a lodging,

God, Allah, sent messengers to inform the people about him as the one and only God.

6:47 Al-An'aam

قُلْ أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ إِنْ أَتَاكُمْ عَذَابُ اللَّهِ بَغْتَةً أَوْ جَهْرَةً هَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الظَّالِمُونَ

Say, "Have you considered: if the punishment of Allah should come to you unexpectedly or manifestly, will any be destroyed but the wrongdoing people?"

6:48 Al-An'aam

وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ

And We send not the messengers except as bringers of good tidings and warners. So whoever believes and reforms - there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.

6:49 Al-An'aam

وَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَمَسُّهُمُ الْعَذَابُ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ

But those who deny Our verses - the punishment will touch them for their defiant disobedience.

6:50 Al-An'aam

قُلْ لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ ۚ قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَىٰ وَالْبَصِيرُ ۚ أَفَلَا تَتَفَكَّرُونَ

Say, [O Muhammad], "I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of Allah or that I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me." Say, "Is the blind equivalent to the seeing? Then will you not give thought?"

6:51 Al-An'aam

وَأَنْذِرْ بِهِ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يُحْشَرُوا إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ ۙ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَلِيٌّ وَلَا شَفِيعٌ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ

And warn by the Qur'an those who fear that they will be gathered before their Lord - for them besides Him will be no protector and no intercessor - that they might become righteous.

16:23 An-Nahl

‎لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ

Assuredly, Allah knows what they conceal and what they declare. Indeed, He does not like the arrogant.

16:24 An-Nahl

‎وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ ۙ قَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ

And when it is said to them, "What has your Lord sent down?" They say, "Legends of the former peoples,"

16:25 An-Nahl

‎لِيَحْمِلُوا أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۙ وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۗ أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ

That they may bear their own burdens in full on the Day of Resurrection and some of the burdens of those whom they misguide without knowledge. Unquestionably, evil is that which they bear.

16:26 An-Nahl

‎قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَانَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ

Those before them had already plotted, but Allah came at their building from the foundations, so the roof fell upon them from above them, and the punishment came to them from where they did not perceive.

16:27 An-Nahl

‎ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُخْزِيهِمْ وَيَقُولُ أَيْنَ شُرَكَائِيَ الَّذِينَ كُنْتُمْ تُشَاقُّونَ فِيهِمْ ۚ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ إِنَّ الْخِزْيَ الْيَوْمَ وَالسُّوءَ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ

Then on the Day of Resurrection He will disgrace them and say, "Where are My 'partners' for whom you used to oppose [the believers]?" Those who were given knowledge will say, "Indeed disgrace, this Day, and evil are upon the disbelievers" -

16:28 An-Nahl

‎الَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ ۖ فَأَلْقَوُا السَّلَمَ مَا كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ مِنْ سُوءٍ ۚ بَلَىٰ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

The ones whom the angels take in death [while] wronging themselves, and [who] then offer submission, [saying], "We were not doing any evil." But, yes! Indeed, Allah is Knowing of what you used to do.

16:29 An-Nahl

‎فَادْخُلُوا أَبْوَابَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ فَلَبِئْسَ مَثْوَى الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ

So enter the gates of Hell to abide eternally therein, and how wretched is the residence of the arrogant.

16:30 An-Nahl

‎۞ وَقِيلَ لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ ۚ قَالُوا خَيْرًا ۗ لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا فِي هَٰذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةٌ ۚ وَلَدَارُ الْآخِرَةِ خَيْرٌ ۚ وَلَنِعْمَ دَارُ الْمُتَّقِينَ

And it will be said to those who feared Allah, "What did your Lord send down?" They will say, "[That which is] good." For those who do good in this world is good; and the home of the Hereafter is better. And how excellent is the home of the righteous -

16:31 An-Nahl

‎جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ لَهُمْ فِيهَا مَا يَشَاءُونَ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَجْزِي اللَّهُ الْمُتَّقِينَ

Gardens of perpetual residence, which they will enter, beneath which rivers flow. They will have therein whatever they wish. Thus does Allah reward the righteous -

16:32 An-Nahl

‎الَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ ۙ يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

The ones whom the angels take in death, [being] good and pure; [the angels] will say, "Peace be upon you. Enter Paradise for what you used to do."

16:33 An-Nahl

‎هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ

Do the disbelievers await [anything] except that the angels should come to them or there comes the command of your Lord? Thus did those do before them. And Allah wronged them not, but they had been wronging themselves.

16:34 An-Nahl

‎فَأَصَابَهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا عَمِلُوا وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ

So they were struck by the evil consequences of what they did and were enveloped by what they used to ridicule.

16:35 An-Nahl

‎وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا عَبَدْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ نَحْنُ وَلَا آبَاؤُنَا وَلَا حَرَّمْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ فَهَلْ عَلَى الرُّسُلِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ

And those who associate others with Allah say, "If Allah had willed, we would not have worshipped anything other than Him, neither we nor our fathers, nor would we have forbidden anything through other than Him." Thus did those do before them. So is there upon the messengers except [the duty of] clear notification?

16:36 An-Nahl

‎وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ ۚ فَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ

And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], "Worship Allah and avoid Taghut (the false deities)." And among them were those whom Allah guided, and among them were those upon whom error was [deservedly] decreed. So proceed through the earth and observe how was the end of the deniers.

16:37 An-Nahl

‎إِنْ تَحْرِصْ عَلَىٰ هُدَاهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي مَنْ يُضِلُّ ۖ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ

[Even] if you should strive for their guidance, indeed, Allah does not guide those He sends astray, and they will have no helpers.

3:176 Aal-i-Imraan

‎وَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يَضُرُّوا اللَّهَ شَيْئًا ۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَلَّا يَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ حَظًّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ

And do not be saddened, [O Muhammad], by those who hasten into disbelief. Indeed, they will never harm Allah at all. Allah intends that He should give them no share in the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment.

3:177 Aal-i-Imraan

‎إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْكُفْرَ بِالْإِيمَانِ لَنْ يَضُرُّوا اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

Indeed, those who purchase disbelief [in exchange] for faith - never will they harm Allah at all, and for them is a painful punishment.

3:178 Aal-i-Imraan

‎وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّمَا نُمْلِي لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا نُمْلِي لَهُمْ لِيَزْدَادُوا إِثْمًا ۚ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ

And let not those who disbelieve ever think that [because] We fill for them time [of worldly things, among which wealth or time], it is better for them. We only fill for them so that they may increase in sin, and for them is a humiliating punishment.

3:179 Aal-i-Imraan

‎مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَذَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَىٰ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّىٰ يَمِيزَ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ ۗ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُطْلِعَكُمْ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْتَبِي مِنْ رُسُلِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ۚ وَإِنْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَلَكُمْ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ

Allah would not leave the believers in that [state] you are in [presently] until He separates the evil from the good. Nor would Allah reveal to you the unseen. But [instead], Allah chooses of His messengers whom He wills, so believe in Allah and His messengers. And if you believe and fear Him, then for you is a great reward.

6:54 Al-An'aam

‎وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ ۖ أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْكُمْ سُوءًا بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ

And when those come to you who believe in Our verses, say, "Peace be upon you. Your Lord has decreed upon Himself mercy: that any of you who does wrong out of ignorance and then repents after that and corrects himself - indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful."

6:55 Al-An'aam

‎وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ وَلِتَسْتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ

And thus do We detail the verses, and [thus] the way of the criminals will become evident.

6:56 Al-An'aam

‎قُلْ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ۚ قُلْ لَا أَتَّبِعُ أَهْوَاءَكُمْ ۙ قَدْ ضَلَلْتُ إِذًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ

Say, "Indeed, I have been forbidden to worship those you invoke besides Allah." Say, "I will not follow your desires, for I would then have gone astray, and I would not be of the [rightly] guided."

6:57 Al-An'aam

‎قُلْ إِنِّي عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّي وَكَذَّبْتُمْ بِهِ ۚ مَا عِنْدِي مَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ بِهِ ۚ إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ ۖ يَقُصُّ الْحَقَّ ۖ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْفَاصِلِينَ

Say, "Indeed, I am on clear evidence from my Lord, and you have denied it. I do not have that for which you are impatient. The decision is only for Allah. He relates the truth, and He is the best of deciders."

6:58 Al-An'aam

‎قُلْ لَوْ أَنَّ عِنْدِي مَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ بِهِ لَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالظَّالِمِينَ

Say, "If I had that for which you are impatient, the matter would have been decided between me and you, but Allah is most knowing of the wrongdoers."

6:59 Al-An'aam

‎۞ وَعِنْدَهُ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ ۚ وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا وَلَا حَبَّةٍ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا رَطْبٍ وَلَا يَابِسٍ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مُبِينٍ

And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in a clear record.

6:60 Al-An'aam

‎وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ لِيُقْضَىٰ أَجَلٌ مُسَمًّى ۖ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

And it is He who takes your souls by night and knows what you have committed by day. Then He revives you therein that a specified term may be fulfilled. Then to Him will be your return; then He will inform you about what you used to do.

6:61 Al-An'aam

‎وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ حَفَظَةً حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لَا يُفَرِّطُونَ

And He is the subjugator over His servants, and He sends over you guardian-angels until, when death comes to one of you, Our messengers take him, and they do not fail [in their duties].

6:62 Al-An'aam

‎ثُمَّ رُدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلَاهُمُ الْحَقِّ ۚ أَلَا لَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَهُوَ أَسْرَعُ الْحَاسِبِينَ

Then they His servants are returned to Allah, their true Lord. Unquestionably, His is the judgement, and He is the swiftest of accountants.

84:6 Al-Inshiqaaq

‎يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ

O man, indeed you are laboring toward your Lord with [great] exertion and will meet it.

84:7 Al-Inshiqaaq

‎فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ

Then as for he who is given his book (where the good deeds and bad deeds are registered) in his right hand,

84:8 Al-Inshiqaaq

فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا

He will be judged with an easy reckoning

84:9 Al-Inshiqaaq

وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا

And return happy to his people.

84:10 Al-Inshiqaaq

وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ

But as for he who is given his book (where the good deeds and bad deeds are registered) behind his back,

84:11 Al-Inshiqaaq

فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا

He will cry out for destruction

84:12 Al-Inshiqaaq

وَيَصْلَىٰ سَعِيرًا

And [enter to] burn in a Blaze.

84:13 Al-Inshiqaaq

إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا

Indeed, he had [once] been among his people content;

84:14 Al-Inshiqaaq

‎إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَنْ لَنْ يَحُورَ

Indeed, he had thought he would never return [to God; Allah].

84:15 Al-Inshiqaaq

بَلَىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا

But yes! Indeed, his Lord was ever of him, Seeing.

Everything that we do is written in our books by angels assigned to us; on our right and left. The weight of the deeds good or bad will determine where each person will end up; heavens or hellfire. However, each good deed will be rewards ten times more its value written in the person’s book and for each bad deed nothing more than it will be written. And whoever is away from worshiping God, Allah, has a Qarin; devil from jinn that drives him or her more astray and provokes to commit more sins.

50:16 Qaaf

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ وَنَعْلَمُ مَا تُوَسْوِسُ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ ۖ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ

And We have already created man and know what his soul whispers to him, and We are closer to him than [his] jugular vein

50:17 Qaaf

إِذْ يَتَلَقَّى الْمُتَلَقِّيَانِ عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ

When the two receivers receive, seated on the right and on the left.

50:18 Qaaf

مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ

Man does not utter any word except that with him is observers (from the angels) prepared [to record in the person’s book].

50:19 Qaaf

وَجَاءَتْ سَكْرَةُ الْمَوْتِ بِالْحَقِّ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ مَا كُنْتَ مِنْهُ تَحِيدُ

And the intoxication of death will bring the truth; that is what you were trying to avoid.

50:20 Qaaf

وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمُ الْوَعِيدِ

And the Horn will be blown. That is the Day of [carrying out] the threat.

50:21 Qaaf

وَجَاءَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ

And every soul will come, with it a driver and a witness.

50:22 Qaaf

لَقَدْ كُنْتَ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مِنْ هَٰذَا فَكَشَفْنَا عَنْكَ غِطَاءَكَ فَبَصَرُكَ الْيَوْمَ حَدِيدٌ

[It will be said], "You were certainly in unmindfulness of this, and We have removed from you your cover, so your sight, this Day, is sharp."

50:23 Qaaf

وَقَالَ قَرِينُهُ هَٰذَا مَا لَدَيَّ عَتِيدٌ

And his companion, [the angel], will say, "This [record] is what is with me, prepared."

50:24 Qaaf

أَلْقِيَا فِي جَهَنَّمَ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ

[Allah will say], "Throw into Hell every obstinate disbeliever,

50:25 Qaaf

مَنَّاعٍ لِلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ مُرِيبٍ

Preventer of good, aggressor, and doubter,

50:26 Qaaf

الَّذِي جَعَلَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَأَلْقِيَاهُ فِي الْعَذَابِ الشَّدِيدِ

Who made [as equal] with Allah another deity; then throw him into the severe punishment."

50:27 Qaaf

۞ قَالَ قَرِينُهُ رَبَّنَا مَا أَطْغَيْتُهُ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانَ فِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ

His Qarin [devil from jinn assigned to the person in case of disbelief or disobeying God] will say, "Our Lord, I did not make him transgress, but he [himself] was in extreme error."

50:28 Qaaf

قَالَ لَا تَخْتَصِمُوا لَدَيَّ وَقَدْ قَدَّمْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ بِالْوَعِيدِ

[Allah] will say, "Do not dispute before Me, while I had already presented to you the warning.

50:29 Qaaf

مَا يُبَدَّلُ الْقَوْلُ لَدَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ

The word will not be changed with Me, and never will I be unjust to the servants."

50:30 Qaaf

يَوْمَ نَقُولُ لِجَهَنَّمَ هَلِ امْتَلَأْتِ وَتَقُولُ هَلْ مِنْ مَزِيدٍ

On the Day We will say to Hell, "Have you been filled?" and it will say, "Are there some more,"

50:31 Qaaf

وَأُزْلِفَتِ الْجَنَّةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ

And Paradise will be brought near to the righteous, not far,

50:32 Qaaf

هَٰذَا مَا تُوعَدُونَ لِكُلِّ أَوَّابٍ حَفِيظٍ

[It will be said], "This is what you were promised - for every returner [to Allah] and keeper [of His covenant]

50:33 Qaaf

مَنْ خَشِيَ الرَّحْمَٰنَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَجَاءَ بِقَلْبٍ مُنِيبٍ

Who feared the Most Merciful (while) unseen and came with a heart returning [in repentance].

50:34 Qaaf

ادْخُلُوهَا بِسَلَامٍ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمُ الْخُلُودِ

Enter it in peace. This is the Day of Eternity."

50:35 Qaaf

لَهُمْ مَا يَشَاءُونَ فِيهَا وَلَدَيْنَا مَزِيدٌ

They will have whatever they wish therein, and with Us is more.

50:36 Qaaf

وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ قَرْنٍ هُمْ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ بَطْشًا فَنَقَّبُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ هَلْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ

And how many a generation before them did We destroy who were greater than them in [striking] power and had explored throughout the lands. Is there any place of escape?

50:37 Qaaf

إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَذِكْرَىٰ لِمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ قَلْبٌ أَوْ أَلْقَى السَّمْعَ وَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ

Indeed in that is a reminder for whoever has a heart or who listens while he is present [in mind].

23:102 Al-Muminoon

فَمَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

And those whose scales are heavy [with good deeds] - it is they who are the successful.

23:103 Al-Muminoon

وَمَنْ خَفَّتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِي جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدُونَ

But those whose scales are light - those are the ones who have lost their souls, [being] in Hell, abiding eternally.

23:104 Al-Muminoon

تَلْفَحُ وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ وَهُمْ فِيهَا كَالِحُونَ

The Fire will sear their faces, and they therein will have taut smiles.

23:105 Al-Muminoon

أَلَمْ تَكُنْ آيَاتِي تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَكُنْتُمْ بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ

[It will be said]. "Were not My verses recited to you and you used to belie them?"

23:106 Al-Muminoon

قَالُوا رَبَّنَا غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْنَا شِقْوَتُنَا وَكُنَّا قَوْمًا ضَالِّينَ

They will say, "Our Lord, our wretchedness overcame us, and we were a people astray.

23:107 Al-Muminoon

رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ عُدْنَا فَإِنَّا ظَالِمُونَ

Our Lord, remove us from it, and if we were to return [to evil], we would indeed be wrongdoers."

23:108 Al-Muminoon

قَالَ اخْسَئُوا فِيهَا وَلَا تُكَلِّمُونِ

He will say, "Remain despised therein and do not speak to Me.

23:109 Al-Muminoon

إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْ عِبَادِي يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ

Indeed, there was a party of My servants who said, 'Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us and have mercy upon us, and You are the best of the merciful.'

23:110 Al-Muminoon

فَاتَّخَذْتُمُوهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا حَتَّىٰ أَنْسَوْكُمْ ذِكْرِي وَكُنْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ تَضْحَكُونَ

But you took them in mockery to the point that they made you forget My remembrance, and you used to laugh at them.

23:111 Al-Muminoon

إِنِّي جَزَيْتُهُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِمَا صَبَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ

Indeed, I have rewarded them this Day for their patient endurance - that they are the attainers [of success]."

6:160 Al-An'aam

مَنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا ۖ وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجْزَىٰ إِلَّا مِثْلَهَا وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ

Whoever comes [on the Day of Judgement] with a good deed will have ten times the like thereof [to his credit], and whoever comes with an evil deed will not be recompensed except the like thereof; and they will not be wronged.

More often whoever does wrong thinks that nobody saw them, however, the person’s own ears, eyes and skin will witness against him/her on Judgement Day.

41:19 Fussilat

‎وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ

And [mention, O Muhammad], the Day when the enemies of Allah will be gathered to the Fire while they are [driven] assembled in rows,

41:20 Fussilat

‎حَتَّىٰ إِذَا مَا جَاءُوهَا شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَأَبْصَارُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ

Until, when they reach it (hellfire), their hearing and their eyes and their skins will testify against them of what they used to do.

41:21 Fussilat

‎وَقَالُوا لِجُلُودِهِمْ لِمَ شَهِدْتُمْ عَلَيْنَا ۖ قَالُوا أَنْطَقَنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنْطَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ

And they will say to their skins, "Why have you testified against us?" They will say, "We were made to speak by Allah, who has made everything speak; and He created you the first time, and to Him you are returned.

41:22 Fussilat

‎وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُكُمْ وَلَا جُلُودُكُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَعْلَمُ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ

And you were not covering yourselves, lest your hearing testify against you or your sight or your skins, but you assumed that Allah does not know much of what you do.

41:25 Fussilat

‎۞ وَقَيَّضْنَا لَهُمْ قُرَنَاءَ فَزَيَّنُوا لَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ

And We appointed for them companions (for each of them a Qarin; devil of jinn) who made attractive to them what was before them and what was behind them [of sin], and the word has come into effect upon them among nations which had passed on before them of jinn and men. Indeed, they [all] were losers.

In the following a description of some of the events that will happen on the day of the reckoning.

2:166 Al-Baqara

إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ

[And they should consider that] when those who have been followed disassociate themselves from those who followed [them], and they [all] see the punishment, and cut off from them are the ties [of relationship],

2:167 Al-Baqara

وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ

Those who followed will say, "If only we had another turn [at worldly life] so we could disassociate ourselves from them as they have disassociated themselves from us." Thus will Allah show them their deeds as regrets upon them. And they are never to emerge from the Fire.

57:12 Al-Hadid

‎يَوْمَ تَرَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَسْعَىٰ نُورُهُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبِأَيْمَانِهِمْ بُشْرَاكُمُ الْيَوْمَ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ

On the Day you see the believing men and believing women, their light proceeding before them and on their right, [it will be said], "Your good tidings today are [of] gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein you will abide eternally." That is what is the great attainment.

57:13 Al-Hadid

‎يَوْمَ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا انْظُرُونَا نَقْتَبِسْ مِنْ نُورِكُمْ قِيلَ ارْجِعُوا وَرَاءَكُمْ فَالْتَمِسُوا نُورًا فَضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِسُورٍ لَهُ بَابٌ بَاطِنُهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَظَاهِرُهُ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ الْعَذَابُ

On the [same] Day the hypocrite men and hypocrite women will say to those who believed, "Wait for us that we may acquire some of your light." It will be said, "Go back behind you and seek light." And a wall will be placed between them with a door, its interior containing mercy, but on the outside of it is torment.

57:14 Al-Hadid

‎يُنَادُونَهُمْ أَلَمْ نَكُنْ مَعَكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا بَلَىٰ وَلَٰكِنَّكُمْ فَتَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتَرَبَّصْتُمْ وَارْتَبْتُمْ وَغَرَّتْكُمُ الْأَمَانِيُّ حَتَّىٰ جَاءَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَغَرَّكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ

The hypocrites will call to the believers, "Were we not with you?" They will say, "Yes, but you afflicted yourselves and awaited [misfortune for us] and doubted, and wishful thinking deluded you until there came the command of Allah. And the Deceiver deceived you concerning Allah.

57:15 Al-Hadid

‎فَالْيَوْمَ لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْكُمْ فِدْيَةٌ وَلَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ مَأْوَاكُمُ النَّارُ ۖ هِيَ مَوْلَاكُمْ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ

So today no ransom will be taken from you or from those who disbelieved. Your refuge is the Fire. It is most worthy of you, and wretched is the destination.

57:16 Al-Hadid

‎۞ أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ

Has the time not come for those who have believed that their hearts should become humbly submissive at the remembrance of Allah and what has come down of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their hearts hardened; and many of them are defiantly disobedient.

57:17 Al-Hadid

‎اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ۚ قَدْ بَيَّنَّا لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ

Know that Allah gives life to the earth after its lifelessness. We have made clear to you the signs; perhaps you will understand.

57:18 Al-Hadid

‎إِنَّ الْمُصَّدِّقِينَ وَالْمُصَّدِّقَاتِ وَأَقْرَضُوا اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا يُضَاعَفُ لَهُمْ وَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ كَرِيمٌ

Indeed, the men who practice charity and the women who practice charity and [they who] have loaned Allah a goodly loan (by spending for charity and for the cause of Allah) - it will be multiplied for them, and they will have a noble reward.

57:19 Al-Hadid

‎وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الصِّدِّيقُونَ ۖ وَالشُّهَدَاءُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ وَنُورُهُمْ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ

And those who have believed in Allah and His messengers - those are [in the ranks of] the supporters of truth and the martyrs, with their Lord. For them is their reward and their light. But those who have disbelieved and denied Our verses - those are the companions of Hellfire.

57:20 Al-Hadid

‎اعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ وَزِينَةٌ وَتَفَاخُرٌ بَيْنَكُمْ وَتَكَاثُرٌ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ ۖ كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَاهُ مُصْفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَكُونُ حُطَامًا ۖ وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانٌ ۚ وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا مَتَاعُ الْغُرُورِ

Know that the life of this world is but amusement and diversion and adornment and boasting to one another and competition in increase of wealth and children - like the example of a rain whose [resulting] plant growth pleases the tillers; then it dries and you see it turned yellow; then it becomes [scattered] debris. And in the Hereafter is severe punishment and forgiveness from Allah and approval. And what is the worldly life except the enjoyment of delusion.

57:21 Al-Hadid

‎سَابِقُوا إِلَىٰ مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أُعِدَّتْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ

Race toward forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden whose width is like the width of the heavens and earth, prepared for those who believed in Allah and His messengers. That is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty.

57:22 Al-Hadid

‎مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَبْرَأَهَا ۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ

No disaster strikes upon the earth or among yourselves except that it is in a register before We bring it into being - indeed that, for Allah, is easy -

57:23 Al-Hadid

‎لِكَيْلَا تَأْسَوْا عَلَىٰ مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا تَفْرَحُوا بِمَا آتَاكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ

In order that you not despair over what has eluded you and not exult [in pride] over what He has given you. And Allah does not like everyone self-deluded and boastful -

22:1 Al-Hajj

‎يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ زَلْزَلَةَ السَّاعَةِ شَيْءٌ عَظِيمٌ

O mankind, fear your Lord. Indeed, the convulsion of the [final] Hour is a terrible thing.

22:2 Al-Hajj

‎يَوْمَ تَرَوْنَهَا تَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمَّا أَرْضَعَتْ وَتَضَعُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمْلٍ حَمْلَهَا وَتَرَى النَّاسَ سُكَارَىٰ وَمَا هُمْ بِسُكَارَىٰ وَلَٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ

On the Day you see it every nursing mother will be distracted from that [child] she was nursing, and every pregnant woman will abort her pregnancy, and you will see the people [appearing] intoxicated while they are not intoxicated; but the punishment of Allah is severe.

22:3 Al-Hajj

‎وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ

And of the people is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge and follows every rebellious devil.

22:4 Al-Hajj

‎كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ تَوَلَّاهُ فَأَنَّهُ يُضِلُّهُ وَيَهْدِيهِ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ

It has been decreed for every devil that whoever turns to him - he will misguide him and will lead him to the punishment of the Blaze.

22:5 Al-Hajj

‎يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ مُضْغَةٍ مُخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ۖ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا ۚ وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ

O People, if you should be in doubt about the Resurrection, then [consider that] indeed, We created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot, and then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed - that We may show you. And We settle in the wombs whom We will for a specified term, then We bring you out as a child, and then [We develop you] that you may reach your [time of] maturity. And among you is he who is taken in [early] death, and among you is he who is returned to the most decrepit [old] age so that he knows, after [once having] knowledge, nothing. And you see the earth barren, but when We send down upon it rain, it quivers and swells and grows [something] of every beautiful kind.

22:6 Al-Hajj

‎ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّهُ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ وَأَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

That is because Allah is the Truth and because He gives life to the dead and because He is over all things competent

22:7 Al-Hajj

‎وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ

And [that they may know] that the Hour is coming - no doubt about it - and that Allah will resurrect those in the graves.

@ 7ef5f1b1:0e0fcd27

A monthly newsletter by The 256 Foundation

April 2025

Introduction:

Welcome to the fourth newsletter produced by The 256 Foundation! March was an action-packed month with events ranging from the announcement of TSMC investing in US fabs to four solo block finds. Dive in to catch up on the latest news, mining industry developments, progress updates on grant projects, Actionable Advice on updating a Futurebit Apollo I to the latest firmware, and the current state of the Bitcoin network.

[IMG-001] Variation of the “I’m the captain now” meme by @maxisclub

Definitions:

MA = Moving Average

Eh/s = Exahash per second

Ph/s = Petahash per second

Th/s = Terahash per second

T = Trillion

J/Th = Joules per Terahash

$ = US Dollar

OS = Operating System

SSD = Solid State Drive

TB = Terabyte

News:

March 3, Ashigaru releases v1.1.1. Notable because this fork of Samourai Wallet serves as the remaining choice of mobile Bitcoin wallet capable of making peer to peer collaborative transactions. Not the Whirlpool transactions that Samourai Wallet was well-known for but the Stowaway and StonewallX2 p2p CoinJoin transactions. The persistence of Samourai’s tools still working despite the full force of the State coming down on the developers is a testament to the power of open-source code.

March 3, Stronghold completes cleanup of decommissioned coal plant using Bitcoin miners. Stronghold’s initiative counters the narrative that Bitcoin mining is wasteful by removing 150,000 tons of coal waste, part of a broader effort that cleared 240,000 tons in Q2 2024 alone. Waste coal piles in Pennsylvania, like the one in Russellton, have scarred landscapes, making this reclamation a significant step for local ecosystems. The project aligns with growing efforts in the region, as The Nature Conservancy also leads restoration projects in Pennsylvania to revive forests and waters. Stronghold’s dual-use model—powering Bitcoin miners and supplying the grid—shows how Bitcoin mining can support environmental goals while remaining economically viable.

March 3, five TSMC semiconductor fabs coming to Arizona. TSMC’s $100 billion investment in Arizona reflects a strategic push to bolster U.S. semiconductor production amid global supply chain vulnerabilities and geopolitical tensions, particularly with West Taiwan’s claims over Taiwan. TSMC’s existing $65 billion investment in Phoenix, now totaling $165 billion, aims to create 40,000 construction jobs and tens of thousands of high-tech roles over the next decade. This could relieve bottlenecks in ASIC chip supply if Bitcoin mining chip designers can get access to the limited foundry space. If that is the case, this could help alleviate some centralization concerns as it relates to a majority of Bitcoin mining chips coming from Taiwan and West Taiwan.

March 10, Block #887212 solved by a Bitaxe Ultra with ~491Gh/s. Not only did the Bitaxe satisfy the network difficulty, which was 112.15T, but obliterated it with a whopping 719.9T difficulty. This Block marked the second one solved by a Bitaxe and an increasing number of solo block finds overall as more individuals choose to play the Bitcoin lottery with their hashrate.

March 12, Pirate Bay co-founder, Carl Lundström, killed in plane crash. The Pirate Bay, launched in 2003, revolutionized online file-sharing by popularizing BitTorrent technology, enabling millions to access music, movies, and software, often in defiance of legal systems, which led to Lundström’s 2009 conviction for copyright infringement. The timing of his death coincides with ongoing global debates over digital ownership and intellectual property, often echoing many of the same themes in open-source technology, underscoring the enduring impact of The Pirate Bay’s challenge to traditional media distribution models.

March 18, Samourai Wallet status conference update. This was a short meeting in which the dates for the remaining pre-trial hearings was discussed.

- May 9, Opening Motion.
- June 6, prosecution response to the opening motion.
- June 20, defense replies to the prosecution response.
- July 15, prosecution provides expert disclosure
- August 8, defense provides expert disclosure
- Tdev is able to remain home during the remaining pre-trial hearings so that he doesn’t have to incur the expenses traveling back and forth between Europe and the US

Despite seemingly positive shifts in crypto-related policies from the Trump administration, all signs point to the prosecution still moving full steam ahead in this case. The defense teams need to be prepared and they could use all the financial help they can get. If you feel compelled to support the legal defense fund, please do so here. If the DOJ wins this case, all Bitcoiners lose.

March 18, DEMAND POOL launches, transitioning out of stealth mode and making room for applicants to join the private waiting list to be one of the Founding Miners.

Key features of DEMAND Pool include: • Build your own blocks • SLICE payment system & new mempool algorithm • No more empty blocks • End-to-end encryption for protection • Efficient data transfer, less wasted hashrate • Lower costs on CPU, bandwidth, & time

DEMAND Pool implements Stratum v2 so that miners can generate their own block templates, entering the arena of pools trying to decentralize mining such as OCEAN with their alternative to Stratum v2 called DATUM. A benefit of the Stratum v2 protocol over Stratum v1 is that data sent between the miner and the pool is now encrypted whereas before it was sent in clear-text, the encryption helps with network level privacy so that for example, your Internet Service Provider cannot read what is in the data being passed back and forth. Although, unless there is a proxy between your miner and the pool then the ISP may be able to determine that you are sending data to a mining pool, they just wouldn’t be able to tell what’s in that data. Overall, decentralization has become a buzz word lately and while it is a step in the right direction that more pools are enabling miners to decide which transactions are included in the block templates they work on, the pools remain a centralized force that ultimately can reject templates based on a number of reasons.

March 20, Bitaxe makes the cover of Bitcoin Magazine’s The Mining Issue, solidifying the Bitaxe as a pop-culture icon. Even those who disregard the significance of the Bitaxe project must recognize that the project’s popularity is an indication that something big is developing here.

[IMG-002] Bitcoin Magazine, The Mining Issue

March 21, self-hosted solo miner solves block #888737 with a Futurebit Apollo, making this the third solo block find for Futurebit. The first Futurebit Apollo block find may have been a fluke, the second a coincidence, but the third is an indication of a pattern forming here. More hashrate is being controlled by individuals who are constructing their own blocks and this trend will accelerate as time goes on and deploying these devices becomes easier and less expensive. This was the second solo block found in March.

March 21, US Treasury Department lifts sanctions on Tornado Cash. This is a positive sign coming from the US Treasury, however the charges against the Tornado Cash developer, Roman Storm, still stand and his legal defense team is still fighting an uphill battle. Even though the US Treasury removed Tornado Cash from the OFAC list, the department is attempting to stop a Texas court from granting a motion that would ensure the Treasury can’t put Tornado Cash back on the OFAC list. Meanwhile, the other Tornado Cash developer, Alex Pertsev, is fighting his appeal battle in the Dutch courts.

March 22, Self-hosted Public Pool user mines Block #888989. This was the first block mined with the Public Pool software, which is open-source and available for anyone to host themselves, in this case hosted on the user’s Umbrel. If you read the January issue of The 256 Foundation newsletter, there are detailed instructions for hosting your own instance of Public Pool on a Raspberry Pi. Easier solutions exist and accomplish the same thing such as Umbrel and Start9. This was the third solo block mined in March.

March 26, DeFi Education Fund publishes coalition letter urging congress to correct the DOJ’s dangerous misinterpretation of money transmission laws. In their own words: “First seen in Aug 2023 via the criminal indictment of @rstormsf, the DOJ’s novel legal theory expands criminal liability to software developers, ignoring longstanding FinCEN guidance and threatening the entire U.S. blockchain & digital asset ecosystem”. Many familiar organizations in the industry signed the letter, such as Coinbase, Kraken, A16z Crypto, and Ledger. Sadly, no Bitcoin companies signed the letter, highlighting the reckless ignorance prevalent among the “toxic Bitcoin maximalists” who often pride themselves on their narrow focus; a focus which is proving to be more of a blind spot limiting their ability to recognize a clear and present threat. The full letter text can be found here.

March 28, Heatbit reveals the black Heatbit, an elegant space heater that mines Bitcoin. Heat re-use applications such as Bitcoin mining space heaters are one of many examples where energy spent on generating heat can also earn the user sats. Other popular solutions include heating hot tubs, hotels, drive ways, and more. The innovations in this area will continue to be unlocked as open-source solutions like the ones being developed at The 256 Foundation are released and innovators gain more control over their applications.

March 29, miner with 2.5Ph/s solves Block #889975 with Solo CK Pool, marking the fourth solo block found in the month of March. This was the first solo block found on CK Pool’s European server. This was a good way to finish the month on a strong note for small-scale miners.

Free & Open Mining Industry Developments:

The development will not stop until Bitcoin mining is free and open. Innovators didn’t let off the gas in March, here are eleven note-worthy events:

0) @BTC_Grid demonstrates heating a new residential build with Bitcoin miners. This custom build features 6,000 square feet of radiant floors, 1,500 sqft of snow melting slab, 2 heated pools, all powered by Bitcoin miners and fully automated. Innovations and efficient systems like this will become more common as Bitcoin mining hardware and firmware solutions become open-source

1) @DrydeGab shares The Ocho, a Bitaxe Nerd Octaxe open-source Bitcoin miner featuring 8x BM1370 ASICs that performs at 9-10Th/s consuming ~180W. The Ocho runs on it’s own custom AxeOS. Currently out of stock but generally available for purchase in the IX Tech store.

[IMG-003] The Nerd OCTAXE Ocho by @DrydeGab

2) @incognitojohn23 demonstrates building a Bitaxe from scratch with no prior experience, proving that anyone can access this technology with a little determination and the right community. @incognitojohn23 has also uploaded several videos documenting his progress and lessons along the way. Every builder has their first day, don’t hold back if you feel compelled to jump in and get started.

3) @HodlRev demonstrating how he combines Bitcoin mining with maple syrup production. In fact, @HodlRev has integrated Bitcoin mining into several aspects of his homestead. Be sure to follow his content for an endless stream of resourceful ideas. Once open-source Bitcoin mining firmware and hardware solutions become widely available, innovators like @HodlRev will have more control over every parameter of these unique applications.

4) ATL Bitlab announces their first hackathon, running June 7 through July 6. Promoted as “A global hackathon focused on all things bitcoin mining”. If you are interested in joining the hackathon, there is a Google form you can fill out here. It will be interesting to see what innovations come from this effort.

5) @100AcresRanch builds touchscreen dashboard for Bitaxe and Loki Boards. With this, you can control up to 10 mining devices with the ability to instantly switch any of the presets without going into the mining device UI.

[IMG-004] Decentral Command Dashboard by @100AcresRanch

6) @IxTechCrypto reveals HAXE, the newest member of the Nerdaxe miner family. HAXE is a 6 ASIC miner performing at ~7.4 Th/s at ~118W. Upon looking at the IX Tech store, it seems as though the HAXE has not hit shelves yet but keep an eye out for announcements soon.

7) Solo Satoshi reveals the NerdQaxe++, the latest marvel in the world of open-source Bitcoin mining solutions. This device is equipped with four ASIC chips from the Antminer S21 Pro and boasts an efficiency rating of 15.8 J/Th. At the advertised power consumption of 76 Watts, that would produce nearly 5 Th/s. Currently out of stock at the Solo Satoshi store and the IX Tech store but in stock and available at the PlebSource store.

8) @TheSoloMiningCo shares a bolt-on voltage regulator heatsink for the Bitaxe, this is a helpful modification when overclocking your miner and helps dissipate heat away from the voltage regulator. Many innovators are discovering ways to get every bit of efficiency they can from their hardware and sharing their ideas with the wider community for anyone to adopt.

9) @boerst adds historical data to stratum.work, a public website that monitors mining pool activity through calling for the work templates being generated for the pool’s respective miners. By parsing the information available in the work templates, a number of interesting observations can be made like which pools are merely proxies for larger pools, timing analysis of when templates are sent out, and now historical data on what the state of each pool’s templates were at a given block height. The work Boerst is doing with this website provides a great tool for gaining insights into mining centralization.

10) Braiins open-sources the BCB100 Control Board, designed to work with Antminers, this control board project has two parts: the hardware and the software. For the hardware part, open files include the Bill Of Materials, schematics, Gerbers, and CAD files. For the software part, open files include the board-level OpenWrt-based firmware with the full configuration file and the Nix environment for reproducible builds. The mining firmware binaries for bosminer and boser (same as the official Braiins OS releases) are also available to download and use to compile the image for the control board, however the Braiins OS firmware itself is not included in this open-source bundle. Braiins chose the GPLv3 open-source license for the software and the CERN-OHL-S open-source license for the hardware. This is a great gesture by Braiins and helps validate the efforts of The 256 Foundation to make Bitcoin mining free and open. The Braiins GitHub repositories where all this information can be found are accessible here and here. The 256 Foundation has plans to develop a Mujina firmware that can be flashed onto the BCB100 helping target Antminer machines.

Grant Project Updates:

In March, The 256 Foundation formalized agreements with the lead developers who were selected for each project. These agreements clearly defined the scope of each project, identified the deliverables, set a timeline, and agreement on compensation was made. Below are the outlines for each project, the compensation is not made public for privacy and security reasons.

Ember One:

@skot9000 instigator of the Bitaxe and all around legend for being the first mover in open-source Bitcoin mining solutions is the lead engineer for the Ember One project. This was the first fully funded grant from The 256 Foundation and commenced in November 2024 with a six month duration. The deliverable is a validated design for a ~100W miner with a standardized form factor (128mm x 128mm), USB-C data connection, 12-24v input voltage, with plans for several versions – each with a different ASIC chip. The First Ember One features the Bitmain BM1362 ASIC, next on the list will be an Ember One with the Intel BZM2 ASIC, then an Auradine ASIC version, and eventually a Block ASIC version. Learn more at: https://emberone.org/

Mujina Mining Firmware:

@ryankuester, embedded Linux developer and Electrical Engineer who has mastered the intersection of hardware and software over the last 20 years is the lead developer for the Mujina project, a Linux based mining firmware application with support for multiple drivers so it can be used with Ember One complete mining system. The grant starts on April 5, 2025 and continues for nine months. Deliverables include:

Core Mujina-miner Application: - Fully open-source under GPLv3 license - Written in Rust for performance, robustness, and maintainability, leveraging Rust's growing adoption in the Bitcoin ecosystem - Designed for modularity and extensibility - Stratum V1 client (which includes DATUM compatibility) - Best effort for Stratum V2 client in the initial release but may not happen until later

Hardware Support:

- Support for Ember One 00 hash boards (Bitmain chips)
- Support for Ember One 01 hash boards (Intel chips) on a best effort basis but may not happen until later
- Full support on the Raspberry Pi CM5 and IO board running the Raspberry Pi OS
- Support for the Libre board when released
- Best-effort compatibility with other hardware running Linux

Management Interfaces:

• HTTP API for remote management and monitoring
• Command-line interface for direct control
• Basic web dashboard for status monitoring
• Configuration via structured text files
• Community Building and Infrastructure
• GitHub project organization and workflow
• Continuous integration and testing framework
• Comprehensive user and developer documentation
• Communication channels for users and developers
• Community building through writing, podcasts, and conference participation

The initial release of Mujina is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like ultimately evolving into a complete Linux-based operating system, deployable through simple flashing procedures. Initially focused on supporting the 256 Foundation's Libre control boards and Ember hash boards, Mujina's modular architecture will eventually enable compatibility with a wide variety of mining hardware from different manufacturers. Lean more at: https://mujina.org/

Libre Board:

@Schnitzel, heat re-use maximalist who turned his home's hot water accessories into Bitcoin-powered sats generators and during the day has built a successful business with a background in product management, is the lead engineer on the Libre Board project; the control board for the Ember One complete mining system. Start date is April 5, 2025 and the deliverables after six months will be a mining control board based on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module I/O Board with at least the following connections:

• USB hub integration (maybe 10 ports?)
• Support for fan connections
• NVME expansion
• Two 100-pin connectors for the compute module
• Ethernet port
• HDMI port
• Raspberrypi 40-pin header for sensors, switches, & relays etc.
• MIPI port for touchscreen
• Accepts 12-24 VDC input power voltage.

The initial release of Libre Board is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like alternative compute modules such as ARM, x86, and RISC-V. Learn more at: https://libreboard.org/

Hydra Pool:

@jungly, distributed systems PhD and the lead developer behind P2Pool v2 and formerly for Braidpool, now takes the reigns as lead developer for Hydra Pool, the stratum server package that will run on the Ember One mining system. Start date for this project was on April 5, 2025 and the duration lasts for six months. Deliverables include:

• Talks to bitcoind and provides stratum work to users and stores received shares
• Scalable and robust database support to save received shares 
• Run share accounting on the stored shares
• Implement payment mechanisms to pay out miners based on the share accounting
• Provide two operation modes: Solo mining and PPLNS or Tides based payout mechanism, with payouts from coinbase only. (All other payout mechanism are out of scope of this initial release for now but there will be more).
• Rolling upgrades: Tools and scripts to upgrade server with zero downtime.
• Dashboard: Pool stats view only dashboard with support to filter miner payout addresses.
• Documentation: Setup and other help pages, as required.

The initial release of Hydra Pool is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like alternative payout models such as echash, communicating with other Hydra Pool instances, local store of shares for Ember One, and a user-friendly interface that puts controls at the user's fingertips, and supports the ability for upstream pool proxying. Learn More at: https://hydrapool.org/

Block Watcher:

Initially scoped to be a Bitcoin mining insights application built to run on the Ember One mining system using the self-hosted node for blockchain data. However, The 256 Foundation has decided to pause Block Watcher development for a number of reasons. Primarily because the other four projects were more central to the foundation’s mission and given the early stages of the Foundation with the current support level, it made more sense to deploy capital where it counts most.

Actionable Advice:

This month’s Actionable Advice column explains the process for upgrading the Futurebit Apollo I OS to the newer Apollo II OS and replacing the SSD. The Futurebit Apollo is a small mining device with an integrated Bitcoin node designed as a plug-and-play solution for people interested in mining Bitcoin without all the noise and heat of the larger industrial-grade miners. The Apollo I can hash between 2 – 4 Th/s and will consume roughly 125 – 200 Watts. The Apollo II can hash between 8 – 10 Th/s and will consume roughly 280 – 400 Watts. The motivation behind upgrading from the Apollo I OS to the Apollo II OS is the ability to run a stratum server internally so that the mining part of the device can ask the node part of the device for mining work, thus enabling users to solo mine in a self-hosted fashion. In fact, this is exactly what The 256 Foundation did during the Telehash fundraising event where Block #881423 was solo mined, at one point there was more than 1 Eh/s of hashrate pointed to that Apollo.

[IMG-005] Futurebit Apollo I with new NVME SSD

You can find the complete flashing instructions on the Futurebit website here. You will need a separate computer to complete the flashing procedure. The flashing procedure will erase all data on the microSD card so back it up if you have anything valuable saved on there.

First navigate to the Futurebit GitHub Releases page at: https://github.com/jstefanop/apolloapi-v2/releases

Once there, you will see two OS images available for download, along with two links to alternative hosting options for those two images. If you are upgrading an Apollo I, you need to figure out which new OS image is right for your device, the MCU 1 image or the MCU 2 image. There are detailed instructions on figuring this out available here. There are multiple ways to determine if you need the MCU 1 or MCU 2 image. If the second to last digit in your Futurebit Apollo I is between 4 – 8 then you have an MCU 1; or if your batch number is 1 – 3 then you have an MCU 1; or if the circuit board has a 40-pin connector running perpendicular to the microSD card slot then you have an MCU 1. Otherwise, you have an MCU 2.

For example, this is what the MCU 1 circuit board will look like:

[IMG-006] Futurebit MCU1 example

Once you figure out which OS image you need, go ahead and download it. The SHA256 hash values for the OS Image files are presented in the GitHub repo. If you’re running Linux on your computer, you can change directory to your Download folder and run the following command to check the SHA256 hash value of the file you downloaded and compare that to the SHA256 hash values on GitHub.

[IMG-007] Verifying Futurebit OS Image Hash Value

With the hash value confirmed, you can use a program like Balena Etcher to flash your microSD card. First remove the microSD card from the Apollo circuit board by pushing it inward, it should make a small click and then spring outward so that you can grab it and remove it from the slot.

Connect the microSD card to your computer with the appropriate adapter.

Open Balena Etcher and click on the “Flash From File” button to define the file path to where you have the OS image saved:

[IMG-008] Balena Etcher user interface

Then click on the “Select Target” button to define the drive which you will be flashing. Select the microSD card and be sure not to select any other drive on your computer by mistake:

[IMG-009] Balena Etcher user interface

Then click on the “Flash” button and Balena Etcher will take care of formatting the microSD card, decompressing the OS image file, and flashing it to the microSD card.

[IMG-010] Balena Etcher user interface.

The flashing process can take some time so be patient. The Balena Etcher interface will allow you to monitor the progress.

[IMG-011] Balena Etcher user interface.

Once the flashing process is completed successfully, you will receive a notice in the balena Etcher interface that looks like this:

[IMG-012] Balena Etcher user interface.

You can remove the microSD card from your computer now and install it back into the Futurebit Apollo. If you have an adequately sized SSD then your block chain data should be safe as that is where it resides, not on the microSD card. If you have a 1TB SSD then this would be a good time to consider upgrading to a 2TB SSD instead. There are lots of options but you want to get an NVME style one like this:

[IMG-013] 1TB vs. 2TB NVME SSD

Simply loosen the screw holding the SSD in place and then remove the old SSD by pulling it out of the socket. Then insert the new one and put the screw back in place.

Once the SSD and microSD are back in place, you can connect Ethernet and the power supply, then apply power to your Apollo.

You will be able to access your Apollo through a web browser on your computer. You will need to figure out the local IP address of your Apollo device so log into your router and check the DHCP leases section. Your router should be accessible from your local network by typing an IP address into your web browser like 192.168.0.1 or 10.0.0.1 or maybe your router manufacturer uses a different default. You should be able to do an internet search for your specific router and figure it out quickly if you don’t already know. If that fails, you can download and run a program like Angry IP Scanner.

Give the Apollo some time to run through a few preliminary and automatic configurations, you should be able to see the Apollo on your local network within 10 minutes of powering it on.

Once you figure out the IP address for your Apollo, type it into your web browser and this is the first screen you should be greeted with:

[IMG-014] Futurebit welcome screen

Click on the button that says “Start setup process”. The next you will see should look like this:

[IMG-015] Futurebit mining selection screen

You have the option here to select solo mining or pooled mining. If you have installed a new SSD card then you should select pooled mining because you will not be able to solo mine until the entire Bitcoin blockchain is downloaded.

Your Apollo will automatically start downloading the Bitcoin blockchain in the background and in the mean-time you can start mining with a pool of your choice like Solo CK Pool or Public Pool or others.

Be forewarned that the Initial Blockchain Download (“IBD”) takes a long time. At the time of this writing, it took 18 days to download the entire blockchain using a Starlink internet connection, which was probably throttled at some points in the process because of the roughly 680 GB of data that it takes.

In February 2022, the IBD on this exact same device took 2 days with a cable internet connection. Maybe the Starlink was a bit of a bottleneck but most likely the extended length of the download can be attributed to all those JPEGS on the blockchain.

Otherwise, if you already have the full blockchain on your SSD then you should be able to start solo mining right away by selecting the solo mining option.

After making your selection, the Apollo will automatically run through some configurations and you should have the option to set a password somewhere in there along the way. Then you should see this page:

[IMG-016] Futurebit setup completion page

Click on the “Start mining” button. Then you should be brought to your dashboard like this:

[IMG-017] Futurebit dashboard

You can monitor your hashrate, temperatures, and more from the dashboard. You can check on the status of your Bitcoin node by clicking on the three-circle looking icon that says “node” on the left-hand side menu.

[IMG-018] Futurebit node page

If you need to update the mining pool, click on the “settings” option at the bottom of the left-hand side menu. There you will see a drop down menu for selecting a pool to use, you can select the “setup custom pool” option to insert the appropriate stratum URL and then your worker name.

Once your IBD is finished, you can start solo mining by toggling on the solo mode at the bottom of the settings page. You will have a chance to update the Bitcoin address you want to mine to. Then click on “save & restart”.

[IMG-019] Futurebit mining pool settings

Then once your system comes back up, you will see a banner at the top of the dashboard page with the IP address you can use to point any other miners you have, like Bitaxes, to your own self-hosted solo mining pool!

[IMG-020] Futurebit solo mining dashboard

Now just sit back and enjoy watching your best shares roll in until you get one higher than the network difficulty and you mine that solo block.

State of the Network:

Hashrate on the 14-day MA according to mempool.space increased from ~793 Eh/s to ~829 Eh/s in March, marking ~4.5% growth for the month.

[IMG-021] 2025 hashrate/difficulty chart from mempool.space

Difficulty was 110.57T at it’s lowest in March and 113.76T at it’s highest, which is a 2.8% increase for the month. All together for 2025 up until the end of March, difficulty has gone up ~3.6%.

According to the Hashrate Index, more efficient miners like the <19 J/Th models are fetching $17.29 per terahash, models between 19J/Th – 25J/Th are selling for $11.05 per terahash, and models >25J/Th are selling for $3.20 per terahash. Overall, prices seem to have dropped slightly over the month of March. You can expect to pay roughly $4,000 for a new-gen miner with 230+ Th/s.

[IMG-022] Miner Prices from Luxor’s Hashrate Index

Hashvalue is closed out in March at ~56,000 sats/Ph per day, relatively flat from Frebruary, according to Braiins Insights. Hashprice is $46.00/Ph per day, down from $47.00/Ph per day in February.

[IMG-023] Hashprice/Hashvalue from Braiins Insights

The next halving will occur at block height 1,050,000 which should be in roughly 1,071 days or in other words ~156,850 blocks from time of publishing this newsletter.

Conclusion:

Thank you for reading the third 256 Foundation newsletter. Keep an eye out for more newsletters on a monthly basis in your email inbox by subscribing at 256foundation.org. Or you can download .pdf versions of the newsletters from there as well. You can also find these newsletters published in article form on Nostr.

If you haven’t done so already, be sure to RSVP for the Texas Energy & Mining Summit (“TEMS”) in Austin, Texas on May 6 & 7 for two days of the highest Bitcoin mining and energy signal in the industry, set in the intimate Bitcoin Commons, so you can meet and mingle with the best and brightest movers and shakers in the space.

While you’re at it, extend your stay and spend Cinco De Mayo with The 256 Foundation at our second fundraiser, Telehash #2. Everything is bigger in Texas, so set your expectations high for this one. All of the lead developers from the grant projects will be present to talk first-hand about how to dismantle the proprietary mining empire.

IMG-024] TEMS 2025 flyer

If you have an old Apollo I laying around and want to get it up to date and solo mining then hopefully this newsletter helped you accomplish that.

[IMG-026] FREE SAMOURAI

If you want to continue seeing developers build free and open solutions be sure to support the Samourai Wallet developers by making a tax-deductible contribution to their legal defense fund here. The first step in ensuring a future of free and open Bitcoin development starts with freeing these developers.

You can just FAFO,

-econoalchemist

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Do you want to use a different disk to store data (blockchain and other databases) independently of the disk of the system?

A step-by-step guide using a secondary disk to store the data (blockchain and other databases) independently of the disk of the system and using the Ubuntu Server guided installation.

• Rebuilt the Ubuntu Server installation guide based on this bonus guide added
• Added GIFs to improve the illustration of the steps to follow
• Case 1: during the Ubuntu server guided installation
• Case 2: build it after system installation (by command line)

Link to the bonus guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/store-data-secondary-disk

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

“It isn’t obvious that the world had to work this way. But somehow the universe smiles on encryption.”

hzrd149 & Gigi take a stroll along the shore of cryptographic identities.

This dialogue explores how cryptographic signatures fundamentally shift power dynamics in social networks, moving control from servers to key holders. We discuss the concept of "setting data free" through cryptographic verification, the evolving role of relays in the ecosystem, and the challenges of building trust in decentralized systems. We examine the tension between convenience and decentralization, particularly around features like private data and data synchronization. What are the philosophical foundations of building truly decentralized social networks? And how can small architectural decisions have profound implications for user autonomy and data sovereignty?

Movies mentioned:

• 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
• Soylent Green (1973)
• Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
• Johnny Mnemonic (1995)
• The Matrix (1999)

In this dialogue: - Hzrd's past conversations: Bowls With Buds 316 & 361 - Running into a water hose - Little difference, big effect - Signing data moves the power to the key holders - Self-signing data sets the data free - Relay specialization - Victor's Amethyst relay guide - Encryption and decryption is expensive - is it worth it? - The magic of nostr is that stuff follows you around - What should be shown? What should be hidden? - Don't lie to users. Never show outdated data. - Nostr is raw and immediate - How quickly you get used to things working - Legacy web always tries to sell you something - Lying, lag, frustration - How NoStrudel grew - NoStrudel notifications - Data visualization and dashboards - Building in public and discussing in public - Should we remove DMs? - Nostr as a substrate for lookups - Using nostr to exchange Signal or SimpleX credentials - How private is a group chat? - Is a 500-people group chat ever private? - Pragmatism vs the engineering mindset - The beauty and simplicity of nostr - Anti-patterns in nostr - Community servers and private relays - Will vibe coding fix (some of the) things? - Small specialized components VS frameworks - Technology vs chairs (and cars, and tractors, and books) - The problem of being greedy - Competitive silos VS synergistic cooperation - Making things easy vs barriers of entry - Value4value for music and other artists - Adding code vs removing code - Pablo's Roo setup and DVMCP - Platform permission slips vs cryptographic identities - Micropayments vs Subscription Hell - PayPerQ - Setting our user-generated data free - The GNU/Linux approach and how it beat Microsoft - Agents learning automatically thanks to snippets published on nostr - Taxi drivers, GPS, and outsourcing understanding - Wizards VS vibe coders - Age differences, Siri, and Dragon Naturally Speaking - LLMs as a human interface to call tools - Natural language vs math and computer language - Natural language has to be fuzzy, because the world is fuzzy - Language and concepts as compression - Hzrd watching The Matrix (1999) for the first time - Soylent Green, 2001, Close Encounters of the 3rd Kind, Johnny Mnemonic - Are there coincidences? - Why are LLMs rising at the same time that cryptography identities are rising? - "The universe smiles at encryption" - The universe does not smile upon closed silos - The cost of applying force from the outside - Perfect copies, locality, and the concept of "the original" - Perfect memory would be a curse, not a blessing - Organic forgetting VS centralized forgetting - Forgetting and dying needs to be effortless - (it wasn't for IPFS, and they also launched a shitcoin) - Bitcoin makes is cheap to figure out what to dismiss - Would you like to have a 2nd brain? - Trust and running LLMs locally - No need for API keys - Adjacent communities: local-first, makers and hackers, etc. - Removing the character limit was a mistake - Browsing mode vs reading mode - The genius of tweets and threads - Vibe-coding and rust-multiplatform - Global solutions vs local solutions - The long-term survivability of local-first - All servers will eventually go away. Your private key won't. - It's normal to pay your breakfast with sats now - Nostr is also a normal thing now, at least for us - Hzrd's bakery - "Send Gigi a DM that says GM" - and it just works - The user is still in control, thanks to Amber - We are lacking in nostr signing solutions - Alby's permission system as a step in the right direction - We have to get better at explaining that stuff - What we do, why we care, why we think it's important

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

A free and open-source Bitcoin payment processor which allows you to accept Bitcoin without fees or intermediaries

---

Link to the bonus guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/bitcoin/btcpay-server

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

Tutorial feito por nostr:nostr:npub1rc56x0ek0dd303eph523g3chm0wmrs5wdk6vs0ehd0m5fn8t7y4sqra3tk poste original abaixo:

Parte 1 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/263585/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-1

Parte 2 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/index.php/263586/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-2

Quando o assunto é privacidade em celulares, uma das medidas comumente mencionadas é a remoção de bloatwares do dispositivo, também chamado de debloat. O meio mais eficiente para isso sem dúvidas é a troca de sistema operacional. Custom Rom’s como LineageOS, GrapheneOS, Iodé, CalyxOS, etc, já são bastante enxutos nesse quesito, principalmente quanto não é instalado os G-Apps com o sistema. No entanto, essa prática pode acabar resultando em problemas indesejados como a perca de funções do dispositivo, e até mesmo incompatibilidade com apps bancários, tornando este método mais atrativo para quem possui mais de um dispositivo e separando um apenas para privacidade.   Pensando nisso, pessoas que possuem apenas um único dispositivo móvel, que são necessitadas desses apps ou funções, mas, ao mesmo tempo, tem essa visão em prol da privacidade, buscam por um meio-termo entre manter a Stock rom, e não ter seus dados coletados por esses bloatwares. Felizmente, a remoção de bloatwares é possível e pode ser realizada via root, ou mais da maneira que este artigo irá tratar, via adb.

O que são bloatwares?

Bloatware é a junção das palavras bloat (inchar) + software (programa), ou seja, um bloatware é basicamente um programa inútil ou facilmente substituível — colocado em seu dispositivo previamente pela fabricante e operadora — que está no seu dispositivo apenas ocupando espaço de armazenamento, consumindo memória RAM e pior, coletando seus dados e enviando para servidores externos, além de serem mais pontos de vulnerabilidades.

O que é o adb?

O Android Debug Brigde, ou apenas adb, é uma ferramenta que se utiliza das permissões de usuário shell e permite o envio de comandos vindo de um computador para um dispositivo Android exigindo apenas que a depuração USB esteja ativa, mas também pode ser usada diretamente no celular a partir do Android 11, com o uso do Termux e a depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi). A ferramenta funciona normalmente em dispositivos sem root, e também funciona caso o celular esteja em Recovery Mode.

Requisitos:

Para computadores:

• Depuração USB ativa no celular; • Computador com adb; • Cabo USB;

Para celulares:

• Depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi) ativa no celular; • Termux; • Android 11 ou superior;

Para ambos:

• Firewall NetGuard instalado e configurado no celular; • Lista de bloatwares para seu dispositivo;

Ativação de depuração:

Para ativar a Depuração USB em seu dispositivo, pesquise como ativar as opções de desenvolvedor de seu dispositivo, e lá ative a depuração. No caso da depuração sem fio, sua ativação irá ser necessária apenas no momento que for conectar o dispositivo ao Termux.

Instalação e configuração do NetGuard

O NetGuard pode ser instalado através da própria Google Play Store, mas de preferência instale pela F-Droid ou Github para evitar telemetria.

F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/packages/eu.faircode.netguard/

Github: https://github.com/M66B/NetGuard/releases

Após instalado, configure da seguinte maneira:

Configurações → padrões (lista branca/negra) → ative as 3 primeiras opções (bloquear wifi, bloquear dados móveis e aplicar regras ‘quando tela estiver ligada’);

Configurações → opções avançadas → ative as duas primeiras (administrar aplicativos do sistema e registrar acesso a internet);

Com isso, todos os apps estarão sendo bloqueados de acessar a internet, seja por wifi ou dados móveis, e na página principal do app basta permitir o acesso a rede para os apps que você vai usar (se necessário). Permita que o app rode em segundo plano sem restrição da otimização de bateria, assim quando o celular ligar, ele já estará ativo.

Lista de bloatwares

Nem todos os bloatwares são genéricos, haverá bloatwares diferentes conforme a marca, modelo, versão do Android, e até mesmo região.

Para obter uma lista de bloatwares de seu dispositivo, caso seu aparelho já possua um tempo de existência, você encontrará listas prontas facilmente apenas pesquisando por elas. Supondo que temos um Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus em mãos, basta pesquisar em seu motor de busca por:

Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus bloatware list

Provavelmente essas listas já terão inclusas todos os bloatwares das mais diversas regiões, lhe poupando o trabalho de buscar por alguma lista mais específica.

Caso seu aparelho seja muito recente, e/ou não encontre uma lista pronta de bloatwares, devo dizer que você acaba de pegar em merda, pois é chato para um caralho pesquisar por cada aplicação para saber sua função, se é essencial para o sistema ou se é facilmente substituível.

De antemão já aviso, que mais para frente, caso vossa gostosura remova um desses aplicativos que era essencial para o sistema sem saber, vai acabar resultando na perda de alguma função importante, ou pior, ao reiniciar o aparelho o sistema pode estar quebrado, lhe obrigando a seguir com uma formatação, e repetir todo o processo novamente.

Download do adb em computadores

Para usar a ferramenta do adb em computadores, basta baixar o pacote chamado SDK platform-tools, disponível através deste link: https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platform-tools. Por ele, você consegue o download para Windows, Mac e Linux.

Uma vez baixado, basta extrair o arquivo zipado, contendo dentro dele uma pasta chamada platform-tools que basta ser aberta no terminal para se usar o adb.

Download do adb em celulares com Termux.

Para usar a ferramenta do adb diretamente no celular, antes temos que baixar o app Termux, que é um emulador de terminal linux, e já possui o adb em seu repositório. Você encontra o app na Google Play Store, mas novamente recomendo baixar pela F-Droid ou diretamente no Github do projeto.

F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.termux/

Github: https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases

Processo de debloat

Antes de iniciarmos, é importante deixar claro que não é para você sair removendo todos os bloatwares de cara sem mais nem menos, afinal alguns deles precisam antes ser substituídos, podem ser essenciais para você para alguma atividade ou função, ou até mesmo são insubstituíveis.

Alguns exemplos de bloatwares que a substituição é necessária antes da remoção, é o Launcher, afinal, é a interface gráfica do sistema, e o teclado, que sem ele só é possível digitar com teclado externo. O Launcher e teclado podem ser substituídos por quaisquer outros, minha recomendação pessoal é por aqueles que respeitam sua privacidade, como Pie Launcher e Simple Laucher, enquanto o teclado pelo OpenBoard e FlorisBoard, todos open-source e disponíveis da F-Droid.

Identifique entre a lista de bloatwares, quais você gosta, precisa ou prefere não substituir, de maneira alguma você é obrigado a remover todos os bloatwares possíveis, modifique seu sistema a seu bel-prazer. O NetGuard lista todos os apps do celular com o nome do pacote, com isso você pode filtrar bem qual deles não remover.

Um exemplo claro de bloatware insubstituível e, portanto, não pode ser removido, é o com.android.mtp, um protocolo onde sua função é auxiliar a comunicação do dispositivo com um computador via USB, mas por algum motivo, tem acesso a rede e se comunica frequentemente com servidores externos. Para esses casos, e melhor solução mesmo é bloquear o acesso a rede desses bloatwares com o NetGuard.

MTP tentando comunicação com servidores externos:

Executando o adb shell

No computador

Faça backup de todos os seus arquivos importantes para algum armazenamento externo, e formate seu celular com o hard reset. Após a formatação, e a ativação da depuração USB, conecte seu aparelho e o pc com o auxílio de um cabo USB. Muito provavelmente seu dispositivo irá apenas começar a carregar, por isso permita a transferência de dados, para que o computador consiga se comunicar normalmente com o celular.

Já no pc, abra a pasta platform-tools dentro do terminal, e execute o seguinte comando:

./adb start-server

O resultado deve ser:

daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037 daemon started successfully

E caso não apareça nada, execute:

./adb kill-server

E inicie novamente.

Com o adb conectado ao celular, execute:

./adb shell

Para poder executar comandos diretamente para o dispositivo. No meu caso, meu celular é um Redmi Note 8 Pro, codinome Begonia.

Logo o resultado deve ser:

begonia:/ $

Caso ocorra algum erro do tipo:

adb: device unauthorized. This adb server’s $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS is not set Try ‘adb kill-server’ if that seems wrong. Otherwise check for a confirmation dialog on your device.

Verifique no celular se apareceu alguma confirmação para autorizar a depuração USB, caso sim, autorize e tente novamente. Caso não apareça nada, execute o kill-server e repita o processo.

No celular

Após realizar o mesmo processo de backup e hard reset citado anteriormente, instale o Termux e, com ele iniciado, execute o comando:

pkg install android-tools

Quando surgir a mensagem “Do you want to continue? [Y/n]”, basta dar enter novamente que já aceita e finaliza a instalação

Agora, vá até as opções de desenvolvedor, e ative a depuração sem fio. Dentro das opções da depuração sem fio, terá uma opção de emparelhamento do dispositivo com um código, que irá informar para você um código em emparelhamento, com um endereço IP e porta, que será usado para a conexão com o Termux.

Para facilitar o processo, recomendo que abra tanto as configurações quanto o Termux ao mesmo tempo, e divida a tela com os dois app’s, como da maneira a seguir:

Para parear o Termux com o dispositivo, não é necessário digitar o ip informado, basta trocar por “localhost”, já a porta e o código de emparelhamento, deve ser digitado exatamente como informado. Execute:

adb pair localhost:porta CódigoDeEmparelhamento

De acordo com a imagem mostrada anteriormente, o comando ficaria “adb pair localhost:41255 757495”.

Com o dispositivo emparelhado com o Termux, agora basta conectar para conseguir executar os comandos, para isso execute:

adb connect localhost:porta

Obs: a porta que você deve informar neste comando não é a mesma informada com o código de emparelhamento, e sim a informada na tela principal da depuração sem fio.

Pronto! Termux e adb conectado com sucesso ao dispositivo, agora basta executar normalmente o adb shell:

adb shell

Remoção na prática Com o adb shell executado, você está pronto para remover os bloatwares. No meu caso, irei mostrar apenas a remoção de um app (Google Maps), já que o comando é o mesmo para qualquer outro, mudando apenas o nome do pacote.

Dentro do NetGuard, verificando as informações do Google Maps:

Podemos ver que mesmo fora de uso, e com a localização do dispositivo desativado, o app está tentando loucamente se comunicar com servidores externos, e informar sabe-se lá que peste. Mas sem novidades até aqui, o mais importante é que podemos ver que o nome do pacote do Google Maps é com.google.android.apps.maps, e para o remover do celular, basta executar:

pm uninstall –user 0 com.google.android.apps.maps

E pronto, bloatware removido! Agora basta repetir o processo para o resto dos bloatwares, trocando apenas o nome do pacote.

Para acelerar o processo, você pode já criar uma lista do bloco de notas com os comandos, e quando colar no terminal, irá executar um atrás do outro.

Exemplo de lista:

Caso a donzela tenha removido alguma coisa sem querer, também é possível recuperar o pacote com o comando:

cmd package install-existing nome.do.pacote

Pós-debloat

Após limpar o máximo possível o seu sistema, reinicie o aparelho, caso entre no como recovery e não seja possível dar reboot, significa que você removeu algum app “essencial” para o sistema, e terá que formatar o aparelho e repetir toda a remoção novamente, desta vez removendo poucos bloatwares de uma vez, e reiniciando o aparelho até descobrir qual deles não pode ser removido. Sim, dá trabalho… quem mandou querer privacidade?

Caso o aparelho reinicie normalmente após a remoção, parabéns, agora basta usar seu celular como bem entender! Mantenha o NetGuard sempre executando e os bloatwares que não foram possíveis remover não irão se comunicar com servidores externos, passe a usar apps open source da F-Droid e instale outros apps através da Aurora Store ao invés da Google Play Store.

Referências: Caso você seja um Australopithecus e tenha achado este guia difícil, eis uma videoaula (3:14:40) do Anderson do canal Ciberdef, realizando todo o processo: http://odysee.com/@zai:5/Como-remover-at%C3%A9-200-APLICATIVOS-que-colocam-a-sua-PRIVACIDADE-E-SEGURAN%C3%87A-em-risco.:4?lid=6d50f40314eee7e2f218536d9e5d300290931d23

Pdf’s do Anderson citados na videoaula: créditos ao anon6837264 http://eternalcbrzpicytj4zyguygpmkjlkddxob7tptlr25cdipe5svyqoqd.onion/file/3863a834d29285d397b73a4af6fb1bbe67c888d72d30/t-05e63192d02ffd.pdf

Processo de instalação do Termux e adb no celular: https://youtu.be/APolZrPHSms

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

The past 26 August, Tor introduced officially a proof-of-work (PoW) defense for onion services designed to prioritize verified network traffic as a deterrent against denial of service (DoS) attacks.

This feature at the moment, is deactivate by default, so you need to follow these steps to activate this on a MiniBolt node:

• Make sure you have the latest version of Tor installed, at the time of writing this post, which is v0.4.8.6

Check your current version by typing:

tor --version

Example of expected output:

Tor version 0.4.8.6. This build of Tor is covered by the GNU General Public License (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html) Tor is running on Linux with Libevent 2.1.12-stable, OpenSSL 3.0.9, Zlib 1.2.13, Liblzma 5.4.1, Libzstd N/A and Glibc 2.36 as libc. Tor compiled with GCC version 12.2.0

If you have v0.4.8.X, you are OK, if not, type $ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade and confirm to update.

Basic PoW support can be checked by running this command:

tor --list-modules

Expected output:

relay: yes dirauth: yes dircache: yes pow: **yes**

If you have pow: yes, you are OK

• Now go to the torrc file of your MiniBolt and add the parameter to enable PoW for each hidden service added:

$ sudo nano /etc/tor/torrc

Example: ```

Hidden Service BTC RPC Explorer

HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/hidden_service_btcrpcexplorer/ HiddenServiceVersion 3 HiddenServicePoWDefensesEnabled 1 HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:3002 ```

Bitcoin Core and LND use the Tor control port to automatically create the hidden service, requiring no action from the user. I have submitted a feature request in the official GitHub repositories to explore the need for the integration of Tor's PoW defense into the automatic creation process of the hidden service. You can follow them at the following links:

Bitcoin Core: https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/issues/8002

LND: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/28499

More info:

https://blog.torproject.org/introducing-proof-of-work-defense-for-onion-services/ https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/onion-services/onion-support/-/wikis/Documentation/PoW-FAQ

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

It turns out that Ubuntu Linux installations of Ubuntu 23.04, 22.04.3 LTS, and installs done since April 2023 that accepted the Snap version update haven't been following Ubuntu's own recommended security best practices for their security pocket configuration for packages. A new Subiquity release was issued to fix this problem while those on affected Ubuntu systems already installed are recommended to manually edit their /etc/apt/sources.list file.

If you didn't install MiniBolt recently, you are affected by this bug, and we need to fix that manually if not we want to install all since cero. Anyway, if you installed Minibolt recently, we recommend you review that.

Follow these easy steps to review and fix this:

• Edit the sources-list file:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

• Search now for every line that includes '-security' (without quotes) (normally at the end of the file) and change the URL to --> http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

For example, from http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu (or the extension corresponding to your country) to --> http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

Real case, Spain location, before fix:

``` deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted

deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted

deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe

deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe

deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

```

After fix:

``` deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted

deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe

deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

```

Save and exit. (Ctrl-X, y, enter)

Note: If you have already these lines changed, you are not affected by this bug, and is not necessary to do anything. Simply exit the editor by doing Ctrl-X

• Finally, type the next command to refresh the repository pointers:

$ sudo apt update

And optionally take the opportunity to update the system by doing:

$ sudo apt full-upgrade

More context:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/FAQ#What_repositories_and_pockets_should_I_use_to_make_sure_my_systems_are_up_to_date.3F

https://bugs.launchpad.net/subiquity/+bug/2033977

https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Security-Pocket-Issue

@ 88cc134b:5ae99079

test

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpzxvzd935e04fm6g4nqa7dn9qc7nafzlqn4t3t6xgmjkr3dwnyreqqsr98r3ryhw0kdqv6s92c9tcxruc6g9hfjgunnl50gclyyjerv00csna38cs

@ d08c9312:73efcc9f

https://youtu.be/qK7ffYzxiiQ

Resolvr was recently featured in The Institutes RiskStream Collaborative's educational video series on insurance digitization and cross-border payments. With over a century of history educating insurance professionals, The Institutes has established itself as the premier knowledge resource in risk management and insurance. And its RiskStream Collaborative non-profit serves as the industry's largest enterprise-level technology consortium focused on streamlining insurance processes through innovative solutions.

Resolvr's co-founders, Aaron Daniel and Dave Schwab, were joined by industry experts Lizzy Eisenberg from Lightspark and Austin Cornell from Zero Hash to discuss how Bitcoin and the Lightning Network are transforming global insurance payments operations.

Watch the video to learn how Resolvr is leveraging these real-time digital settlement networks to solve significant inefficiencies in today's insurance payment ecosystem - from the months-long settlement times that trap billions in value, to the manual reconciliation processes costing the industry nearly £1 billion annually at Lloyd's of London alone.

We're grateful to RiskStream Collaborative for showcasing these transformative technologies and emphasizing the importance of combining specialized insurance-native interfaces with powerful payment infrastructure to solve industry-specific challenges.

For more information about how Resolvr can help your organization streamline premium processing and payments, contact us today.

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Si vives en España, quizás hayas notado que no puedes acceder a ciertas páginas webs durante los fines de semana o en algunos días entre semana, entre ellas, la guía de MiniBolt.

Esto tiene una razón, por supuesto una solución, además de una conclusión. Sin entrar en demasiados detalles:

La razón

El bloqueo a Cloudflare, implementado desde hace casi dos meses por operadores de Internet (ISPs) en España (como Movistar, O2, DIGI, Pepephone, entre otros), se basa en una orden judicial emitida tras una demanda de LALIGA (Fútbol). Esta medida busca combatir la piratería en España, un problema que afecta directamente a dicha organización.

Aunque la intención original era restringir el acceso a dominios específicos que difundieran dicho contenido, Cloudflare emplea el protocolo ECH (Encrypted Client Hello), que oculta el nombre del dominio, el cual antes se transmitía en texto plano durante el proceso de establecimiento de una conexión TLS. Esta medida dificulta que las operadoras analicen el tráfico para aplicar bloqueos basados en dominios, lo que les obliga a recurrir a bloqueos más amplios por IP o rangos de IP para cumplir con la orden judicial.

Esta práctica tiene consecuencias graves, que han sido completamente ignoradas por quienes la ejecutan. Es bien sabido que una infraestructura de IP puede alojar numerosos dominios, tanto legítimos como no legítimos. La falta de un "ajuste fino" en los bloqueos provoca un perjuicio para terceros, restringiendo el acceso a muchos dominios legítimos que no tiene relación alguna con actividades ilícitas, pero que comparten las mismas IPs de Cloudflare con dominios cuestionables. Este es el caso de la web de MiniBolt y su dominio minibolt.info, los cuales utilizan Cloudflare como proxy para aprovechar las medidas de seguridad, privacidad, optimización y servicios adicionales que la plataforma ofrece de forma gratuita.

Si bien este bloqueo parece ser temporal (al menos durante la temporada 24/25 de fútbol, hasta finales de mayo), es posible que se reactive con el inicio de la nueva temporada.

La solución

Obviamente, MiniBolt no dejará de usar Cloudflare como proxy por esta razón. Por lo que a continuación se exponen algunas medidas que como usuario puedes tomar para evitar esta restricción y poder acceder:

~> Utiliza una VPN:

Existen varias soluciones de proveedores de VPN, ordenadas según su reputación en privacidad: - IVPN - Mullvad VPN - Proton VPN (gratis) - Obscura VPN (solo para macOS) - Cloudfare WARP (gratis) + permite utilizar el modo proxy local para enrutar solo la navegación, debes utilizar la opción "WARP a través de proxy local" siguiendo estos pasos: 1. Inicia Cloudflare WARP y dentro de la pequeña interfaz haz click en la rueda dentada abajo a la derecha > "Preferencias" > "Avanzado" > "Configurar el modo proxy" 2. Marca la casilla "Habilite el modo proxy en este dispositivo" 3. Elige un "Puerto de escucha de proxy" entre 0-65535. ej: 1080, haz click en "Aceptar" y cierra la ventana de preferencias 4. Accede de nuevo a Cloudflare WARP y pulsa sobre el switch para habilitar el servicio. 3. Ahora debes apuntar el proxy del navegador a Cloudflare WARP, la configuración del navegador es similar a esta para el caso de navegadores basados en Firefox. Una vez hecho, deberías poder acceder a la guía de MiniBolt sin problemas. Si tienes dudas, déjalas en comentarios e intentaré resolverlas. Más info AQUÍ.

~> Proxifica tu navegador para usar la red de Tor, o utiliza el navegador oficial de Tor (recomendado).

La conclusión

Estos hechos ponen en tela de juicio los principios fundamentales de la neutralidad de la red, pilares esenciales de la Declaración de Independencia del Ciberespacio que defiende un internet libre, sin restricciones ni censura. Dichos principios se han visto quebrantados sin precedentes en este país, confirmando que ese futuro distópico que muchos negaban, ya es una realidad.

Es momento de actuar y estar preparados: debemos impulsar el desarrollo y la difusión de las herramientas anticensura que tenemos a nuestro alcance, protegiendo así la libertad digital y asegurando un acceso equitativo a la información para todos

Este compromiso es uno de los pilares fundamentales de MiniBolt, lo que convierte este desafío en una oportunidad para poner a prueba las soluciones anticensura ya disponibles, así como las que están en camino.

¡Censúrame si puedes, legislador! ¡La lucha por la privacidad y la libertad en Internet ya está en marcha!

---

Fuentes: * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/movistar-o2-deja-clientes-sin-acceso-11239 * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/esta-nueva-sentencia-autoriza-bloqueos-11257 * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/como-saltarse-bloqueo-webs-warp-vpn-9958 * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/como-activar-ech-chrome-acceder-webs-10689 * https://comunidad.movistar.es/t5/Soporte-Fibra-y-ADSL/Problema-con-web-que-usan-Cloudflare/td-p/5218007

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

The new method for Bitcoin Core signature check: https://v2.minibolt.info/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoin-client#signature-check

GitHub repo of Bitcoin Core release attestations (Guix): https://github.com/bitcoin-core/guix.sigs

History: PR that caused the broken and obsolescence of the old signature verification process: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/26598

New GitHub folder of Bitcoin Core repo that stores the signatures:https://github.com/bitcoin-core/guix.sigs/tree/main/builder-keys

Thanks to nostr:npub1gzuushllat7pet0ccv9yuhygvc8ldeyhrgxuwg744dn5khnpk3gs3ea5ds for building the command that made magic possible 🧙‍♂️🧡

@ f1989a96:bcaaf2c1

Good morning, readers!

In Georgia, mere weeks after freezing the bank accounts of five NGOs supporting pro-democracy movements, the ruling Georgian Dream party passed a new law banning foreign organizations from providing grants to local groups without regime approval. The bill is part of a broader effort to silence dissent and weaken democracy through financial repression.\ \ In Latin America, opposition leader María Corina Machado seeks to rally citizens against Nicolás Maduro’s immensely repressive regime. With the economy and currency in shambles and dozens of military personnel abandoning Maduro, Machado sees an opportunity to challenge his grip on power.

In open source news, we spotlight the release of Bitcoin Core version 29.0, the latest update to the primary software that powers the Bitcoin network and helps millions of people send, receive, and verify Bitcoin transactions every day. This release improves the reliability and compatibility of Bitcoin’s main software implementation. We also cover the unique story of LuckyMiner, an unauthorized Bitaxe clone making waves in Asian markets as demand soars for small, low-cost, home mining equipment — evidence that people want to participate in the Bitcoin network themselves.

We close with the latest edition of the HRF x Pubkey Freedom Tech Series, in which Nicaraguan human rights defender Berta Valle joins HRF’s Arsh Molu to explore how authoritarian regimes weaponize financial systems to silence dissent and isolate opposition voices and how tools like Bitcoin can offer a way out. We also feature an interview with Salvadoran opposition leader Claudia Ortiz, who discusses the erosion of civil liberties under President Nayib Bukele and offers a nuanced take on Bitcoin in the country.

Now, let’s jump right in!

SUBSCRIBE HERE

GLOBAL NEWS

Georgia | Bans Foreign Donations for Nonprofits and NGOs

Mere weeks after freezing the bank accounts of five NGOs supporting pro-democracy demonstrators in recent unrest caused by elections, Georgia’s regime passed a new law that bans foreign organizations from providing “monetary or in-kind grants” to Georgian organizations and individuals without regime approval. Introduced by the increasingly repressive Georgian Dream party, the bill is part of a broader effort (including the controversial foreign agents law passed in 2024) designed to silence dissent and dismantle pro-democracy groups. Rights groups warn these laws will cripple civil society by cutting funding and imposing heavy fines for violators. Last week, parliament also read a bill that would grant officials the power to ban opposition parties entirely. With civil society financially repressed, Georgia is sliding further into tyranny, where free expression, political opposition, and grassroots organizations are under siege.

Venezuela | Opposition Mobilizes Against Maduro’s Financial Repression

Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado is intensifying efforts against Nicolás Maduro’s brutal regime by targeting what she believes are his two greatest vulnerabilities: a collapsing economy and fractures in his repressive apparatus. As the Venezuelan bolivar unravels (reaching a record low in March) and inflation spirals out of control (expected to reach 220% before the end of the year), Maduro’s regime doubles down. It imposes currency controls, expropriates private property, and exerts complete state control over banks. Meanwhile, signs of discontent are growing inside the military, with dozens of personnel reportedly deserting. “I think we have a huge opportunity in front of us, and I see that much closer today than I did a month ago,” Machado said. To rebuild Venezuela’s future, Machado sees financial freedom as essential and has publicly embraced Bitcoin as a tool to resist the regime’s weaponization of money.

India | UPI Outage Disrupts Payments Nationwide

Digital transactions across India were disrupted mid-April as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) experienced its third major outage in the last month. UPI is a government-run system that enables digital payments and underpins India’s push towards a cashless, centralized economy. Fintechs, banks, and institutions plug into UPI as a backbone of their digital infrastructure. Recently, India started integrating its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital rupee, into UPI, leveraging its existing network effect to expand the reach of state-issued digital money. When a single outage can freeze an entire nation’s ability to transact, it reveals the fragility of centralized infrastructure. By contrast, decentralized money like Bitcoin operates independently of state-run systems and with consistent uptime, giving users the freedom to transact and save permissionlessly.

China | Bitcoin for Me, Not for Thee

China is debating new regulations for handling its growing trove of Bitcoin and other digital assets seized during criminal investigations. While the regime debates how to manage its seized digital assets, the trading of Bitcoin and other digital assets remains banned for Chinese citizens on the mainland. Reports indicate that local governments have quietly sold confiscated Bitcoin and other digital assets through private companies to bolster their dwindling budgets. If true, this exposes the hypocrisy of a regime banning digital assets for its people while exploiting them as a strategic revenue source for the state. This contradiction accentuates the ways authoritarian regimes manipulate financial rules for their own benefit while punishing the public for using the same strategies.

Serbia | Vučić Targets Civil Society as Economy Sinks

As Serbia’s economy stalls and the cost of living remains stubbornly high, President Aleksandar Vučić is escalating his crackdown on civil society to deflect blame and tighten control. After a train station canopy collapse in Novi Sad killed 16 people last November, protests erupted. Serbians, led by students, flooded the streets to protest government corruption, declining civil liberties, and a worsening economy. The protests have since spread across 400 cities, reflecting nationwide discontent. In response, Vučić is now targeting civil society organizations under the pretext of financial misconduct. Law enforcement raided four NGOs that support Serbians’ human rights, the rule of law, and democratic elections.

Russia | Jails Four Journalists for Working With Navalny

A Russian court sentenced four independent Russian journalists to five and a half years in prison for working with the Anti-Corruption Foundation (ACF) — a pro-democracy organization founded by the late opposition leader Alexei Navalny. The journalists — Antonina Favorskaya, Konstantin Gabov, Sergei Karelin, and Artyom Kriger — were convicted in a closed-door trial for associating with an organization the Kremlin deems an “extremist.” The Committee to Protect Journalists condemned the verdict as a “blatant testimony to Russian authorities’ profound contempt for press freedom.” Since it launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Kremlin has increasingly criminalized dissent and financially repressed opposition, nonprofits, and ordinary citizens.

BITCOIN AND FREEDOM TECH NEWS

Flash | Introduces Flash Lightning Addresses, New UI, and Encrypted Messaging

Flash, a Bitcoin Lightning wallet and HRF grantee bringing freedom money to the Caribbean, released its version 0.4.0 beta. This release includes an updated user interface, dedicated Flash Lightning addresses (user @ flashapp.me), and encrypted messaging. The redesigned app is more user-friendly and better suited for users new to Bitcoin. Flash users now receive a verified Lightning address, making it easier to send and receive Bitcoin. The update also adds encrypted nostr messaging, enabling secure communication between users. As authoritarian regimes in the region, like Cuba, tighten control over money, Flash offers a practical and private solution for Bitcoin access.

DahLIAS | New Protocol to Lower the Cost of Private Bitcoin Transactions

Bitcoin developers recently announced DahLIAS, the first protocol designed to enable full cross-input signature aggregation (CISA). CISA is a proposed Bitcoin update that could make private Bitcoin transactions much cheaper. Right now, collaborative transactions are more expensive than typical transactions because each input in a transaction needs its own signature. CISA would allow those signatures to be combined, saving space and reducing fees. But this change would require a soft fork, a safe, backward-compatible software update to Bitcoin’s code. If adopted, CISA could remove the need for users to justify why they want privacy, as the answer would be, to save money. This is especially important for dissidents living under surveillant regimes. DahLIAS could be a breakthrough that helps make privacy more practical for everyone using Bitcoin.

Bitcoin Core | Version 29.0 Now Available for Node Runners

Bitcoin Core is the main software implementation that powers the Bitcoin network and helps millions of people send, receive, and verify transactions every day. The latest update, Bitcoin Core v29.0, introduces changes to improve network stability and performance. The release helps keep the network stable even when not everyone updates simultaneously. Further, it reduces the chances that nodes (computers that run the Bitcoin software) accidentally restart — an issue that can interrupt network participation. It also adds support for full Replace-by-Fee (RBF), allowing users to increase the fee on stuck transactions in times of high network demand. Enhancing Bitcoin’s reliability, usability, and security ensures that individuals in oppressive regimes or unstable financial systems can access a permissionless and censorship-resistant monetary network. Learn more about the update here.

Nstart | Releases Multilingual Support

Nstart, a new tool that simplifies onboarding to nostr — a decentralized and censorship-resistant social network protocol — released multilingual support. It added Spanish, Italian, French, Dutch, and Mandarin as languages. This update broadens access by making the onboarding experience available to a wider audience — especially those living under dictatorships across Africa, Latin America, and Asia, where communication and press freedom are heavily restricted. Users can even contribute translations themselves. Overall, multilingual support makes Nstart a more powerful tool for activists and organizations operating under authoritarian environments, offering guided, straightforward access to uncensorable communications.

Bitcoin Chiang Mai | Release Bitcoin Education Podcast

Bitcoin Chiang Mai, a grassroots Bitcoin community in Thailand, launched an educational podcast to teach Bitcoin in Thai. In a country where financial repression is on the rise and the regime is experimenting with a programmable central bank digital currency (CBDC), this podcast offers an educational lifeline. By making Bitcoin knowledge and tools more accessible, the show empowers Thais to explore alternatives to state-controlled financial systems. It’s a grassroots effort to preserve financial freedom and encourage open dialogue in an increasingly controlled economic environment. Check it out here.

LuckyMiner | Undisclosed Bitaxe Clone Gaining Popularity in Asia

LuckyMiner, a Bitcoin mining startup out of Shenzhen, China is shaking up Asia’s Bitcoin hardware scene with a rogue twist. What began as a hobby project in 2023 has since exploded into a full-scale operation, manufacturing and selling thousands of undisclosed Bitaxe clones (which are small, affordable bitcoin miners based on the Bitaxe design). While Bitaxe is open-source, it’s licensed under CERN-OHL-S-2.0, requiring any modifications to be made public. LuckyMiner ignored that rule and the founder has openly admitted to breaking the license. Despite that, LuckyMiner is succeeding anyway, fueled by growing demand for affordable home mining equipment. While controversial, the rise of low-cost miners signals grassroots interest in Bitcoin, especially at a time when Asia grapples with growing authoritarianism and financial repression.

RECOMMENDED CONTENT

HRF x Pubkey — Bitcoin as a Tool to Fight Financial Repression in Autocracies with Berta Valle

In the latest HRF x Pubkey Freedom Tech series, Nicaraguan human rights defender and journalist Berta Valle joins HRF’s Arsh Molu to discuss how Bitcoin empowers individuals to resist the financial repression of authoritarian regimes. From helping families receive remittances when bank accounts are frozen to enabling independent media and activists to fund their work without regime interference, Bitcoin is quietly reshaping what resistance can look like under tyranny. Watch the full fireside chat here.

Claudia Ortiz: A Voice of Opposition in Bukele’s El Salvador

In this interview, analyst and journalist Marius Farashi Tasooji speaks to Salvadoran opposition leader Claudia Ortiz about President Bukele’s consolidation of power, the erosion of civil liberties, and the future of Bitcoin in the country. While Ortiz acknowledges Bitcoin’s potential as a tool for freedom, she critiques the current administration’s opaque and heavy-handed implementation of it. Ortiz explains her opposition to the Bitcoin Law, citing concerns about transparency and accountability, and outlines what she would do differently if elected president. Watch the full conversation here.

If this article was forwarded to you and you enjoyed reading it, please consider subscribing to the Financial Freedom Report here.

Support the newsletter by donating bitcoin to HRF’s Financial Freedom program via BTCPay.\ Want to contribute to the newsletter? Submit tips, stories, news, and ideas by emailing us at ffreport @ hrf.org

The Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) is accepting grant proposals on an ongoing basis. The Bitcoin Development Fund is looking to support Bitcoin developers, community builders, and educators. Submit proposals here.

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@ eac63075:b4988b48

Since its creation in 2009, Bitcoin has symbolized innovation and resilience. However, from time to time, alarmist narratives arise about emerging technologies that could "break" its security. Among these, quantum computing stands out as one of the most recurrent. But does quantum computing truly threaten Bitcoin? And more importantly, what is the community doing to ensure the protocol remains invulnerable?

The answer, contrary to sensationalist headlines, is reassuring: Bitcoin is secure, and the community is already preparing for a future where quantum computing becomes a practical reality. Let’s dive into this topic to understand why the concerns are exaggerated and how the development of BIP-360 demonstrates that Bitcoin is one step ahead.

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What Is Quantum Computing, and Why Is Bitcoin Not Threatened?

Quantum computing leverages principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations that, in theory, could exponentially surpass classical computers—and it has nothing to do with what so-called “quantum coaches” teach to scam the uninformed. One of the concerns is that this technology could compromise two key aspects of Bitcoin’s security:

1. Wallets: These use elliptic curve algorithms (ECDSA) to protect private keys. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer could deduce a private key from its public key.
2. Mining: This is based on the SHA-256 algorithm, which secures the consensus process. A quantum attack could, in theory, compromise the proof-of-work mechanism.

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Understanding Quantum Computing’s Attack Priorities

While quantum computing is often presented as a threat to Bitcoin, not all parts of the network are equally vulnerable. Theoretical attacks would be prioritized based on two main factors: ease of execution and potential reward. This creates two categories of attacks:

1. Attacks on Wallets

Bitcoin wallets, secured by elliptic curve algorithms, would be the initial targets due to the relative vulnerability of their public keys, especially those already exposed on the blockchain. Two attack scenarios stand out:

• Short-term attacks: These occur during the interval between sending a transaction and its inclusion in a block (approximately 10 minutes). A quantum computer could intercept the exposed public key and derive the corresponding private key to redirect funds by creating a transaction with higher fees.

• Long-term attacks: These focus on old wallets whose public keys are permanently exposed. Wallets associated with Satoshi Nakamoto, for example, are especially vulnerable because they were created before the practice of using hashes to mask public keys.

We can infer a priority order for how such attacks might occur based on urgency and importance.

Bitcoin Quantum Attack: Prioritization Matrix (Urgency vs. Importance)

2. Attacks on Mining

Targeting the SHA-256 algorithm, which secures the mining process, would be the next objective. However, this is far more complex and requires a level of quantum computational power that is currently non-existent and far from realization. A successful attack would allow for the recalculation of all possible hashes to dominate the consensus process and potentially "mine" it instantly.

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Satoshi Nakamoto in 2010 on Quantum Computing and Bitcoin Attacks

Recently, Narcelio asked me about a statement I made on Tubacast:

https://x.com/eddieoz/status/1868371296683511969

If an attack became a reality before Bitcoin was prepared, it would be necessary to define the last block prior to the attack and proceed from there using a new hashing algorithm. The solution would resemble the response to the infamous 2013 bug. It’s a fact that this would cause market panic, and Bitcoin's price would drop significantly, creating a potential opportunity for the well-informed.

Preferably, if developers could anticipate the threat and had time to work on a solution and build consensus before an attack, they would simply decide on a future block for the fork, which would then adopt the new algorithm. It might even rehash previous blocks (reaching consensus on them) to avoid potential reorganization through the re-mining of blocks using the old hash. (I often use the term "shielding" old transactions).

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How Can Users Protect Themselves?

While quantum computing is still far from being a practical threat, some simple measures can already protect users against hypothetical scenarios:

• Avoid using exposed public keys: Ensure funds sent to old wallets are transferred to new ones that use public key hashes. This reduces the risk of long-term attacks.
• Use modern wallets: Opt for wallets compatible with SegWit or Taproot, which implement better security practices.
• Monitor security updates: Stay informed about updates from the Bitcoin community, such as the implementation of BIP-360, which will introduce quantum-resistant addresses.
• Do not reuse addresses: Every transaction should be associated with a new address to minimize the risk of repeated exposure of the same public key.
• Adopt secure backup practices: Create offline backups of private keys and seeds in secure locations, protected from unauthorized access.

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BIP-360 and Bitcoin’s Preparation for the Future

Even though quantum computing is still beyond practical reach, the Bitcoin community is not standing still. A concrete example is BIP-360, a proposal that establishes the technical framework to make wallets resistant to quantum attacks.

BIP-360 addresses three main pillars:

1. Introduction of quantum-resistant addresses: A new address format starting with "BC1R" will be used. These addresses will be compatible with post-quantum algorithms, ensuring that stored funds are protected from future attacks.
2. Compatibility with the current ecosystem: The proposal allows users to transfer funds from old addresses to new ones without requiring drastic changes to the network infrastructure.
3. Flexibility for future updates: BIP-360 does not limit the choice of specific algorithms. Instead, it serves as a foundation for implementing new post-quantum algorithms as technology evolves.

This proposal demonstrates how Bitcoin can adapt to emerging threats without compromising its decentralized structure.

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Post-Quantum Algorithms: The Future of Bitcoin Cryptography

The community is exploring various algorithms to protect Bitcoin from quantum attacks. Among the most discussed are:

• Falcon: A solution combining smaller public keys with compact digital signatures. Although it has been tested in limited scenarios, it still faces scalability and performance challenges.
• Sphincs: Hash-based, this algorithm is renowned for its resilience, but its signatures can be extremely large, making it less efficient for networks like Bitcoin’s blockchain.
• Lamport: Created in 1977, it’s considered one of the earliest post-quantum security solutions. Despite its reliability, its gigantic public keys (16,000 bytes) make it impractical and costly for Bitcoin.

Two technologies show great promise and are well-regarded by the community:

1. Lattice-Based Cryptography: Considered one of the most promising, it uses complex mathematical structures to create systems nearly immune to quantum computing. Its implementation is still in its early stages, but the community is optimistic.
2. Supersingular Elliptic Curve Isogeny: These are very recent digital signature algorithms and require extensive study and testing before being ready for practical market use.

The final choice of algorithm will depend on factors such as efficiency, cost, and integration capability with the current system. Additionally, it is preferable that these algorithms are standardized before implementation, a process that may take up to 10 years.

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Why Quantum Computing Is Far from Being a Threat

The alarmist narrative about quantum computing overlooks the technical and practical challenges that still need to be overcome. Among them:

• Insufficient number of qubits: Current quantum computers have only a few hundred qubits, whereas successful attacks would require millions.
• High error rate: Quantum stability remains a barrier to reliable large-scale operations.
• High costs: Building and operating large-scale quantum computers requires massive investments, limiting their use to scientific or specific applications.

Moreover, even if quantum computers make significant advancements, Bitcoin is already adapting to ensure its infrastructure is prepared to respond.

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Conclusion: Bitcoin’s Secure Future

Despite advancements in quantum computing, the reality is that Bitcoin is far from being threatened. Its security is ensured not only by its robust architecture but also by the community’s constant efforts to anticipate and mitigate challenges.

The implementation of BIP-360 and the pursuit of post-quantum algorithms demonstrate that Bitcoin is not only resilient but also proactive. By adopting practical measures, such as using modern wallets and migrating to quantum-resistant addresses, users can further protect themselves against potential threats.

Bitcoin’s future is not at risk—it is being carefully shaped to withstand any emerging technology, including quantum computing.

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

A complete guide to building your own “DIY” Bitcoin & Lightning full node on a personal computer.

It builds on a personal computer with x86/amd64 architecture processors.

It is based on the popular RaspiBolt v3 guide.

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Those are some of the most relevant changes:

• Changed OS from Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bits) to Ubuntu Server LTS (Long term support) 64-bit PC (AMD64)
• Changed binaries and signatures of the programs to adapt them to x86/amd64 architecture
• Deleted unnecessary tools and steps, and added others according to this case of use
• Added some useful authentication logs monitoring commands in the security section
• Added some interesting parameters in the settings of some services to activate and take advantage of new features
• Changed I2P, Fulcrum, and ThunderHub guides, to be part of the core guide
• Added exclusive optimization section of services for slow devices

Complete release notes MiniBolt v1: https://github.com/twofaktor/minibolt/releases/tag/1.0

MiniBolt guide is available at: https://minibolt.info

Feel free to contribute to the [source code on GitHub]https://github.com/minibolt-guide/minibolt) by opening issues, pull requests, or discussions

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Created by ⚡2 FakTor⚡ member of the Bitcoin Barcelona Community

tw: https://twitter.com/twofaktor

reddit sub: https://www.reddit.com/r/minibolt

Telegram groups: * English * Spanish

@ eac63075:b4988b48

Based on a recent paper that included collaboration from renowned experts such as Lynn Alden, Steve Lee, and Ren Crypto Fish, we discuss in depth how Bitcoin's consensus is built, the main risks, and the complex dynamics of protocol upgrades.

PT-BR version

Podcast https://www.fountain.fm/episode/wbjD6ntQuvX5u2G5BccC

Presentation https://gamma.app/docs/Analyzing-Bitcoin-Consensus-Risks-in-Protocol-Upgrades-p66axxjwaa37ksn

1. Introduction to Consensus in Bitcoin

Consensus in Bitcoin is the foundation that keeps the network secure and functional, allowing users worldwide to perform transactions in a decentralized manner without the need for intermediaries. Since its launch in 2009, Bitcoin is often described as an "immutable" system designed to resist changes, and it is precisely this resistance that ensures its security and stability.

The central idea behind consensus in Bitcoin is to create a set of acceptance rules for blocks and transactions, ensuring that all network participants agree on the transaction history. This prevents "double-spending," where the same bitcoin could be used in two simultaneous transactions, something that would compromise trust in the network.

Evolution of Consensus in Bitcoin

Over the years, consensus in Bitcoin has undergone several adaptations, and the way participants agree on changes remains a delicate process. Unlike traditional systems, where changes can be imposed from the top down, Bitcoin operates in a decentralized model where any significant change needs the support of various groups of stakeholders, including miners, developers, users, and large node operators.

Moreover, the update process is extremely cautious, as hasty changes can compromise the network's security. As a result, the philosophy of "don't fix what isn't broken" prevails, with improvements happening incrementally and only after broad consensus among those involved. This model can make progress seem slow but ensures that Bitcoin remains faithful to the principles of security and decentralization.

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2. Technical Components of Consensus

Bitcoin's consensus is supported by a set of technical rules that determine what is considered a valid transaction and a valid block on the network. These technical aspects ensure that all nodes—the computers that participate in the Bitcoin network—agree on the current state of the blockchain. Below are the main technical components that form the basis of the consensus.

Validation of Blocks and Transactions

The validation of blocks and transactions is the central point of consensus in Bitcoin. A block is only considered valid if it meets certain criteria, such as maximum size, transaction structure, and the solving of the "Proof of Work" problem. The proof of work, required for a block to be included in the blockchain, is a computational process that ensures the block contains significant computational effort—protecting the network against manipulation attempts.

Transactions, in turn, need to follow specific input and output rules. Each transaction includes cryptographic signatures that prove the ownership of the bitcoins sent, as well as validation scripts that verify if the transaction conditions are met. This validation system is essential for network nodes to autonomously confirm that each transaction follows the rules.

Chain Selection

Another fundamental technical issue for Bitcoin's consensus is chain selection, which becomes especially important in cases where multiple versions of the blockchain coexist, such as after a network split (fork). To decide which chain is the "true" one and should be followed, the network adopts the criterion of the highest accumulated proof of work. In other words, the chain with the highest number of valid blocks, built with the greatest computational effort, is chosen by the network as the official one.

This criterion avoids permanent splits because it encourages all nodes to follow the same main chain, reinforcing consensus.

Soft Forks vs. Hard Forks

In the consensus process, protocol changes can happen in two ways: through soft forks or hard forks. These variations affect not only the protocol update but also the implications for network users:

• Soft Forks: These are changes that are backward compatible. Only nodes that adopt the new update will follow the new rules, but old nodes will still recognize the blocks produced with these rules as valid. This compatibility makes soft forks a safer option for updates, as it minimizes the risk of network division.

• Hard Forks: These are updates that are not backward compatible, requiring all nodes to update to the new version or risk being separated from the main chain. Hard forks can result in the creation of a new coin, as occurred with the split between Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash in 2017. While hard forks allow for deeper changes, they also bring significant risks of network fragmentation.

These technical components form the base of Bitcoin's security and resilience, allowing the system to remain functional and immutable without losing the necessary flexibility to evolve over time.

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3. Stakeholders in Bitcoin's Consensus

Consensus in Bitcoin is not decided centrally. On the contrary, it depends on the interaction between different groups of stakeholders, each with their motivations, interests, and levels of influence. These groups play fundamental roles in how changes are implemented or rejected on the network. Below, we explore the six main stakeholders in Bitcoin's consensus.

1. Economic Nodes

Economic nodes, usually operated by exchanges, custody providers, and large companies that accept Bitcoin, exert significant influence over consensus. Because they handle large volumes of transactions and act as a connection point between the Bitcoin ecosystem and the traditional financial system, these nodes have the power to validate or reject blocks and to define which version of the software to follow in case of a fork.

Their influence is proportional to the volume of transactions they handle, and they can directly affect which chain will be seen as the main one. Their incentive is to maintain the network's stability and security to preserve its functionality and meet regulatory requirements.

2. Investors

Investors, including large institutional funds and individual Bitcoin holders, influence consensus indirectly through their impact on the asset's price. Their buying and selling actions can affect Bitcoin's value, which in turn influences the motivation of miners and other stakeholders to continue investing in the network's security and development.

Some institutional investors have agreements with custodians that may limit their ability to act in network split situations. Thus, the impact of each investor on consensus can vary based on their ownership structure and how quickly they can react to a network change.

3. Media Influencers

Media influencers, including journalists, analysts, and popular personalities on social media, have a powerful role in shaping public opinion about Bitcoin and possible updates. These influencers can help educate the public, promote debates, and bring transparency to the consensus process.

On the other hand, the impact of influencers can be double-edged: while they can clarify complex topics, they can also distort perceptions by amplifying or minimizing change proposals. This makes them a force both of support and resistance to consensus.

4. Miners

Miners are responsible for validating transactions and including blocks in the blockchain. Through computational power (hashrate), they also exert significant influence over consensus decisions. In update processes, miners often signal their support for a proposal, indicating that the new version is safe to use. However, this signaling is not always definitive, and miners can change their position if they deem it necessary.

Their incentive is to maximize returns from block rewards and transaction fees, as well as to maintain the value of investments in their specialized equipment, which are only profitable if the network remains stable.

5. Protocol Developers

Protocol developers, often called "Core Developers," are responsible for writing and maintaining Bitcoin's code. Although they do not have direct power over consensus, they possess an informal veto power since they decide which changes are included in the main client (Bitcoin Core). This group also serves as an important source of technical knowledge, helping guide decisions and inform other stakeholders.

Their incentive lies in the continuous improvement of the network, ensuring security and decentralization. Many developers are funded by grants and sponsorships, but their motivations generally include a strong ideological commitment to Bitcoin's principles.

6. Users and Application Developers

This group includes people who use Bitcoin in their daily transactions and developers who build solutions based on the network, such as wallets, exchanges, and payment platforms. Although their power in consensus is less than that of miners or economic nodes, they play an important role because they are responsible for popularizing Bitcoin's use and expanding the ecosystem.

If application developers decide not to adopt an update, this can affect compatibility and widespread acceptance. Thus, they indirectly influence consensus by deciding which version of the protocol to follow in their applications.

These stakeholders are vital to the consensus process, and each group exerts influence according to their involvement, incentives, and ability to act in situations of change. Understanding the role of each makes it clearer how consensus is formed and why it is so difficult to make significant changes to Bitcoin.

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4. Mechanisms for Activating Updates in Bitcoin

For Bitcoin to evolve without compromising security and consensus, different mechanisms for activating updates have been developed over the years. These mechanisms help coordinate changes among network nodes to minimize the risk of fragmentation and ensure that updates are implemented in an orderly manner. Here, we explore some of the main methods used in Bitcoin, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as historical examples of significant updates.

Flag Day

The Flag Day mechanism is one of the simplest forms of activating changes. In it, a specific date or block is determined as the activation moment, and all nodes must be updated by that point. This method does not involve prior signaling; participants simply need to update to the new software version by the established day or block.

• Advantages: Simplicity and predictability are the main benefits of Flag Day, as everyone knows the exact activation date.

• Disadvantages: Inflexibility can be a problem because there is no way to adjust the schedule if a significant part of the network has not updated. This can result in network splits if a significant number of nodes are not ready for the update.

An example of Flag Day was the Pay to Script Hash (P2SH) update in 2012, which required all nodes to adopt the change to avoid compatibility issues.

BIP34 and BIP9

BIP34 introduced a more dynamic process, in which miners increase the version number in block headers to signal the update. When a predetermined percentage of the last blocks is mined with this new version, the update is automatically activated. This model later evolved with BIP9, which allowed multiple updates to be signaled simultaneously through "version bits," each corresponding to a specific change.

• Advantages: Allows the network to activate updates gradually, giving more time for participants to adapt.

• Disadvantages: These methods rely heavily on miner support, which means that if a sufficient number of miners do not signal the update, it can be delayed or not implemented.

BIP9 was used in the activation of SegWit (BIP141) but faced challenges because some miners did not signal their intent to activate, leading to the development of new mechanisms.

User Activated Soft Forks (UASF) and User Resisted Soft Forks (URSF)

To increase the decision-making power of ordinary users, the concept of User Activated Soft Fork (UASF) was introduced, allowing node operators, not just miners, to determine consensus for a change. In this model, nodes set a date to start rejecting blocks that are not in compliance with the new update, forcing miners to adapt or risk having their blocks rejected by the network.

URSF, in turn, is a model where nodes reject blocks that attempt to adopt a specific update, functioning as resistance against proposed changes.

• Advantages: UASF returns decision-making power to node operators, ensuring that changes do not depend solely on miners.

• Disadvantages: Both UASF and URSF can generate network splits, especially in cases of strong opposition among different stakeholders.

An example of UASF was the activation of SegWit in 2017, where users supported activation independently of miner signaling, which ended up forcing its adoption.

BIP8 (LOT=True)

BIP8 is an evolution of BIP9, designed to prevent miners from indefinitely blocking a change desired by the majority of users and developers. BIP8 allows setting a parameter called "lockinontimeout" (LOT) as true, which means that if the update has not been fully signaled by a certain point, it is automatically activated.

• Advantages: Ensures that changes with broad support among users are not blocked by miners who wish to maintain the status quo.

• Disadvantages: Can lead to network splits if miners or other important stakeholders do not support the update.

Although BIP8 with LOT=True has not yet been used in Bitcoin, it is a proposal that can be applied in future updates if necessary.

These activation mechanisms have been essential for Bitcoin's development, allowing updates that keep the network secure and functional. Each method brings its own advantages and challenges, but all share the goal of preserving consensus and network cohesion.

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5. Risks and Considerations in Consensus Updates

Consensus updates in Bitcoin are complex processes that involve not only technical aspects but also political, economic, and social considerations. Due to the network's decentralized nature, each change brings with it a set of risks that need to be carefully assessed. Below, we explore some of the main challenges and future scenarios, as well as the possible impacts on stakeholders.

Network Fragility with Alternative Implementations

One of the main risks associated with consensus updates is the possibility of network fragmentation when there are alternative software implementations. If an update is implemented by a significant group of nodes but rejected by others, a network split (fork) can occur. This creates two competing chains, each with a different version of the transaction history, leading to unpredictable consequences for users and investors.

Such fragmentation weakens Bitcoin because, by dividing hashing power (computing) and coin value, it reduces network security and investor confidence. A notable example of this risk was the fork that gave rise to Bitcoin Cash in 2017 when disagreements over block size resulted in a new chain and a new asset.

Chain Splits and Impact on Stakeholders

Chain splits are a significant risk in update processes, especially in hard forks. During a hard fork, the network is split into two separate chains, each with its own set of rules. This results in the creation of a new coin and leaves users with duplicated assets on both chains. While this may seem advantageous, in the long run, these splits weaken the network and create uncertainties for investors.

Each group of stakeholders reacts differently to a chain split:

• Institutional Investors and ETFs: Face regulatory and compliance challenges because many of these assets are managed under strict regulations. The creation of a new coin requires decisions to be made quickly to avoid potential losses, which may be hampered by regulatory constraints.

• Miners: May be incentivized to shift their computing power to the chain that offers higher profitability, which can weaken one of the networks.

• Economic Nodes: Such as major exchanges and custody providers, have to quickly choose which chain to support, influencing the perceived value of each network.

Such divisions can generate uncertainties and loss of value, especially for institutional investors and those who use Bitcoin as a store of value.

Regulatory Impacts and Institutional Investors

With the growing presence of institutional investors in Bitcoin, consensus changes face new compliance challenges. Bitcoin ETFs, for example, are required to follow strict rules about which assets they can include and how chain split events should be handled. The creation of a new asset or migration to a new chain can complicate these processes, creating pressure for large financial players to quickly choose a chain, affecting the stability of consensus.

Moreover, decisions regarding forks can influence the Bitcoin futures and derivatives market, affecting perception and adoption by new investors. Therefore, the need to avoid splits and maintain cohesion is crucial to attract and preserve the confidence of these investors.

Security Considerations in Soft Forks and Hard Forks

While soft forks are generally preferred in Bitcoin for their backward compatibility, they are not without risks. Soft forks can create different classes of nodes on the network (updated and non-updated), which increases operational complexity and can ultimately weaken consensus cohesion. In a network scenario with fragmentation of node classes, Bitcoin's security can be affected, as some nodes may lose part of the visibility over updated transactions or rules.

In hard forks, the security risk is even more evident because all nodes need to adopt the new update to avoid network division. Experience shows that abrupt changes can create temporary vulnerabilities, in which malicious agents try to exploit the transition to attack the network.

Bounty Claim Risks and Attack Scenarios

Another risk in consensus updates are so-called "bounty claims"—accumulated rewards that can be obtained if an attacker manages to split or deceive a part of the network. In a conflict scenario, a group of miners or nodes could be incentivized to support a new update or create an alternative version of the software to benefit from these rewards.

These risks require stakeholders to carefully assess each update and the potential vulnerabilities it may introduce. The possibility of "bounty claims" adds a layer of complexity to consensus because each interest group may see a financial opportunity in a change that, in the long term, may harm network stability.

The risks discussed above show the complexity of consensus in Bitcoin and the importance of approaching it gradually and deliberately. Updates need to consider not only technical aspects but also economic and social implications, in order to preserve Bitcoin's integrity and maintain trust among stakeholders.

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6. Recommendations for the Consensus Process in Bitcoin

To ensure that protocol changes in Bitcoin are implemented safely and with broad support, it is essential that all stakeholders adopt a careful and coordinated approach. Here are strategic recommendations for evaluating, supporting, or rejecting consensus updates, considering the risks and challenges discussed earlier, along with best practices for successful implementation.

1. Careful Evaluation of Proposal Maturity

Stakeholders should rigorously assess the maturity level of a proposal before supporting its implementation. Updates that are still experimental or lack a robust technical foundation can expose the network to unnecessary risks. Ideally, change proposals should go through an extensive testing phase, have security audits, and receive review and feedback from various developers and experts.

2. Extensive Testing in Secure and Compatible Networks

Before an update is activated on the mainnet, it is essential to test it on networks like testnet and signet, and whenever possible, on other compatible networks that offer a safe and controlled environment to identify potential issues. Testing on networks like Litecoin was fundamental for the safe launch of innovations like SegWit and the Lightning Network, allowing functionalities to be validated on a lower-impact network before being implemented on Bitcoin.

The Liquid Network, developed by Blockstream, also plays an important role as an experimental network for new proposals, such as OP_CAT. By adopting these testing environments, stakeholders can mitigate risks and ensure that the update is reliable and secure before being adopted by the main network.

3. Importance of Stakeholder Engagement

The success of a consensus update strongly depends on the active participation of all stakeholders. This includes economic nodes, miners, protocol developers, investors, and end users. Lack of participation can lead to inadequate decisions or even future network splits, which would compromise Bitcoin's security and stability.

4. Key Questions for Evaluating Consensus Proposals

To assist in decision-making, each group of stakeholders should consider some key questions before supporting a consensus change:

• Does the proposal offer tangible benefits for Bitcoin's security, scalability, or usability?
• Does it maintain backward compatibility or introduce the risk of network split?
• Are the implementation requirements clear and feasible for each group involved?
• Are there clear and aligned incentives for all stakeholder groups to accept the change?

5. Coordination and Timing in Implementations

Timing is crucial. Updates with short activation windows can force a split because not all nodes and miners can update simultaneously. Changes should be planned with ample deadlines to allow all stakeholders to adjust their systems, avoiding surprises that could lead to fragmentation.

Mechanisms like soft forks are generally preferable to hard forks because they allow a smoother transition. Opting for backward-compatible updates when possible facilitates the process and ensures that nodes and miners can adapt without pressure.

6. Continuous Monitoring and Re-evaluation

After an update, it's essential to monitor the network to identify problems or side effects. This continuous process helps ensure cohesion and trust among all participants, keeping Bitcoin as a secure and robust network.

These recommendations, including the use of secure networks for extensive testing, promote a collaborative and secure environment for Bitcoin's consensus process. By adopting a deliberate and strategic approach, stakeholders can preserve Bitcoin's value as a decentralized and censorship-resistant network.

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7. Conclusion

Consensus in Bitcoin is more than a set of rules; it's the foundation that sustains the network as a decentralized, secure, and reliable system. Unlike centralized systems, where decisions can be made quickly, Bitcoin requires a much more deliberate and cooperative approach, where the interests of miners, economic nodes, developers, investors, and users must be considered and harmonized. This governance model may seem slow, but it is fundamental to preserving the resilience and trust that make Bitcoin a global store of value and censorship-resistant.

Consensus updates in Bitcoin must balance the need for innovation with the preservation of the network's core principles. The development process of a proposal needs to be detailed and rigorous, going through several testing stages, such as in testnet, signet, and compatible networks like Litecoin and Liquid Network. These networks offer safe environments for proposals to be analyzed and improved before being launched on the main network.

Each proposed change must be carefully evaluated regarding its maturity, impact, backward compatibility, and support among stakeholders. The recommended key questions and appropriate timing are critical to ensure that an update is adopted without compromising network cohesion. It's also essential that the implementation process is continuously monitored and re-evaluated, allowing adjustments as necessary and minimizing the risk of instability.

By following these guidelines, Bitcoin's stakeholders can ensure that the network continues to evolve safely and robustly, maintaining user trust and further solidifying its role as one of the most resilient and innovative digital assets in the world. Ultimately, consensus in Bitcoin is not just a technical issue but a reflection of its community and the values it represents: security, decentralization, and resilience.

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8. Links

Whitepaper: https://github.com/bitcoin-cap/bcap

Youtube (pt-br): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rARycAibl9o&list=PL-qnhF0qlSPkfhorqsREuIu4UTbF0h4zb

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Notice to node MiniBolt runners: It turns out that the I2P devs have opened an issue on the Bitcoin Core GitHub repo commenting that because they gave the option to enable the notransit=true parameter in the official documentation:

[...] If you prefer not to relay any public I2P traffic and only allow I2P traffic from programs connecting through the SAM proxy, e.g. Bitcoin Core, you can set the no transit option to true [...] are having a heavy load on the I2P network since last December 19. Also comment that it is advisable to share as much bandwidth and transit tunnels as we can, to increase anonymity with coverage traffic, by contributing more to the I2p network than we consume. So they ask that we deactivate that option that you use activated. With all this, he already updated the "Privacy" section by removing that setting.

The steps to delete this configuration once we have already configured it, are the following:

With the "admin" user, stop i2pd:

$ sudo systemctl stop i2pd

Comment line 93 with "#" at the beginning of it (notransit = true), save and exit

$ sudo nano /var/lib/i2pd/i2pd.conf --line numbers

Start i2pd again:

$ sudo systemctl start i2pd

And that's it, you could take a look at Bitcoin Core to see that it has detected i2pd running again after the reboot with:

$ tail --lines 500 -f /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/debug.log

If for whatever reason you don't see that I2P is up in Bitcoin Core after the restart, $ sudo systemctl restart bitcoind and look again at the logs of the same

More info in the rollback commit:

https://github.com/twofaktor/minibolt/commit/99cae67a5150bb5b7deae3674cc958eb31c74a75

@ eac63075:b4988b48

The future of physical money is at stake, and the discussion about DREX, the new digital currency planned by the Central Bank of Brazil, is gaining momentum. In a candid and intense conversation, Federal Deputy Julia Zanatta (PL/SC) discussed the challenges and risks of this digital transition, also addressing her Bill No. 3,341/2024, which aims to prevent the extinction of physical currency. This bill emerges as a direct response to legislative initiatives seeking to replace physical money with digital alternatives, limiting citizens' options and potentially compromising individual freedom. Let's delve into the main points of this conversation.

https://www.fountain.fm/episode/i5YGJ9Ors3PkqAIMvNQ0

(PT-BR version here)

What is a CBDC?

Before discussing the specifics of DREX, it’s important to understand what a CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) is. CBDCs are digital currencies issued by central banks, similar to a digital version of physical money. Unlike cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, which operate in a decentralized manner, CBDCs are centralized and regulated by the government. In other words, they are digital currencies created and controlled by the Central Bank, intended to replace physical currency.

A prominent feature of CBDCs is their programmability. This means that the government can theoretically set rules about how, where, and for what this currency can be used. This aspect enables a level of control over citizens' finances that is impossible with physical money. By programming the currency, the government could limit transactions by setting geographical or usage restrictions. In practice, money within a CBDC could be restricted to specific spending or authorized for use in a defined geographical area.

In countries like China, where citizen actions and attitudes are also monitored, a person considered to have a "low score" due to a moral or ideological violation may have their transactions limited to essential purchases, restricting their digital currency use to non-essential activities. This financial control is strengthened because, unlike physical money, digital currency cannot be exchanged anonymously.

Practical Example: The Case of DREX During the Pandemic

To illustrate how DREX could be used, an example was given by Eric Altafim, director of Banco Itaú. He suggested that, if DREX had existed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government could have restricted the currency’s use to a 5-kilometer radius around a person’s residence, limiting their economic mobility. Another proposed use by the executive related to the Bolsa Família welfare program: the government could set up programming that only allows this benefit to be used exclusively for food purchases. Although these examples are presented as control measures for safety or organization, they demonstrate how much a CBDC could restrict citizens' freedom of choice.

To illustrate the potential for state control through a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), such as DREX, it is helpful to look at the example of China. In China, the implementation of a CBDC coincides with the country’s Social Credit System, a governmental surveillance tool that assesses citizens' and companies' behavior. Together, these technologies allow the Chinese government to monitor, reward, and, above all, punish behavior deemed inappropriate or threatening to the government.

How Does China's Social Credit System Work?

Implemented in 2014, China's Social Credit System assigns every citizen and company a "score" based on various factors, including financial behavior, criminal record, social interactions, and even online activities. This score determines the benefits or penalties each individual receives and can affect everything from public transport access to obtaining loans and enrolling in elite schools for their children. Citizens with low scores may face various sanctions, including travel restrictions, fines, and difficulty in securing loans.

With the adoption of the CBDC — or “digital yuan” — the Chinese government now has a new tool to closely monitor citizens' financial transactions, facilitating the application of Social Credit System penalties. China’s CBDC is a programmable digital currency, which means that the government can restrict how, when, and where the money can be spent. Through this level of control, digital currency becomes a powerful mechanism for influencing citizens' behavior.

Imagine, for instance, a citizen who repeatedly posts critical remarks about the government on social media or participates in protests. If the Social Credit System assigns this citizen a low score, the Chinese government could, through the CBDC, restrict their money usage in certain areas or sectors. For example, they could be prevented from buying tickets to travel to other regions, prohibited from purchasing certain consumer goods, or even restricted to making transactions only at stores near their home.

Another example of how the government can use the CBDC to enforce the Social Credit System is by monitoring purchases of products such as alcohol or luxury items. If a citizen uses the CBDC to spend more than the government deems reasonable on such products, this could negatively impact their social score, resulting in additional penalties such as future purchase restrictions or a lowered rating that impacts their personal and professional lives.

In China, this kind of control has already been demonstrated in several cases. Citizens added to Social Credit System “blacklists” have seen their spending and investment capacity severely limited. The combination of digital currency and social scores thus creates a sophisticated and invasive surveillance system, through which the Chinese government controls important aspects of citizens’ financial lives and individual freedoms.

Deputy Julia Zanatta views these examples with great concern. She argues that if the state has full control over digital money, citizens will be exposed to a level of economic control and surveillance never seen before. In a democracy, this control poses a risk, but in an authoritarian regime, it could be used as a powerful tool of repression.

DREX and Bill No. 3,341/2024

Julia Zanatta became aware of a bill by a Workers' Party (PT) deputy (Bill 4068/2020 by Deputy Reginaldo Lopes - PT/MG) that proposes the extinction of physical money within five years, aiming for a complete transition to DREX, the digital currency developed by the Central Bank of Brazil. Concerned about the impact of this measure, Julia drafted her bill, PL No. 3,341/2024, which prohibits the elimination of physical money, ensuring citizens the right to choose physical currency.

“The more I read about DREX, the less I want its implementation,” says the deputy. DREX is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), similar to other state digital currencies worldwide, but which, according to Julia, carries extreme control risks. She points out that with DREX, the State could closely monitor each citizen’s transactions, eliminating anonymity and potentially restricting freedom of choice. This control would lie in the hands of the Central Bank, which could, in a crisis or government change, “freeze balances or even delete funds directly from user accounts.”

Risks and Individual Freedom

Julia raises concerns about potential abuses of power that complete digitalization could allow. In a democracy, state control over personal finances raises serious questions, and EddieOz warns of an even more problematic future. “Today we are in a democracy, but tomorrow, with a government transition, we don't know if this kind of power will be used properly or abused,” he states. In other words, DREX gives the State the ability to restrict or condition the use of money, opening the door to unprecedented financial surveillance.

EddieOz cites Nigeria as an example, where a CBDC was implemented, and the government imposed severe restrictions on the use of physical money to encourage the use of digital currency, leading to protests and clashes in the country. In practice, the poorest and unbanked — those without regular access to banking services — were harshly affected, as without physical money, many cannot conduct basic transactions. Julia highlights that in Brazil, this situation would be even more severe, given the large number of unbanked individuals and the extent of rural areas where access to technology is limited.

The Relationship Between DREX and Pix

The digital transition has already begun with Pix, which revolutionized instant transfers and payments in Brazil. However, Julia points out that Pix, though popular, is a citizen’s choice, while DREX tends to eliminate that choice. The deputy expresses concern about new rules suggested for Pix, such as daily transaction limits of a thousand reais, justified as anti-fraud measures but which, in her view, represent additional control and a profit opportunity for banks. “How many more rules will banks create to profit from us?” asks Julia, noting that DREX could further enhance control over personal finances.

International Precedents and Resistance to CBDC

The deputy also cites examples from other countries resisting the idea of a centralized digital currency. In the United States, states like New Hampshire have passed laws to prevent the advance of CBDCs, and leaders such as Donald Trump have opposed creating a national digital currency. Trump, addressing the topic, uses a justification similar to Julia’s: in a digitalized system, “with one click, your money could disappear.” She agrees with the warning, emphasizing the control risk that a CBDC represents, especially for countries with disadvantaged populations.

Besides the United States, Canada, Colombia, and Australia have also suspended studies on digital currencies, citing the need for further discussions on population impacts. However, in Brazil, the debate on DREX is still limited, with few parliamentarians and political leaders openly discussing the topic. According to Julia, only she and one or two deputies are truly trying to bring this discussion to the Chamber, making DREX’s advance even more concerning.

Bill No. 3,341/2024 and Popular Pressure

For Julia, her bill is a first step. Although she acknowledges that ideally, it would prevent DREX's implementation entirely, PL 3341/2024 is a measure to ensure citizens' choice to use physical money, preserving a form of individual freedom. “If the future means control, I prefer to live in the past,” Julia asserts, reinforcing that the fight for freedom is at the heart of her bill.

However, the deputy emphasizes that none of this will be possible without popular mobilization. According to her, popular pressure is crucial for other deputies to take notice and support PL 3341. “I am only one deputy, and we need the public’s support to raise the project’s visibility,” she explains, encouraging the public to press other parliamentarians and ask them to “pay attention to PL 3341 and the project that prohibits the end of physical money.” The deputy believes that with a strong awareness and pressure movement, it is possible to advance the debate and ensure Brazilians’ financial freedom.

What’s at Stake?

Julia Zanatta leaves no doubt: DREX represents a profound shift in how money will be used and controlled in Brazil. More than a simple modernization of the financial system, the Central Bank’s CBDC sets precedents for an unprecedented level of citizen surveillance and control in the country. For the deputy, this transition needs to be debated broadly and transparently, and it’s up to the Brazilian people to defend their rights and demand that the National Congress discuss these changes responsibly.

The deputy also emphasizes that, regardless of political or partisan views, this issue affects all Brazilians. “This agenda is something that will affect everyone. We need to be united to ensure people understand the gravity of what could happen.” Julia believes that by sharing information and generating open debate, it is possible to prevent Brazil from following the path of countries that have already implemented a digital currency in an authoritarian way.

A Call to Action

The future of physical money in Brazil is at risk. For those who share Deputy Julia Zanatta’s concerns, the time to act is now. Mobilize, get informed, and press your representatives. PL 3341/2024 is an opportunity to ensure that Brazilian citizens have a choice in how to use their money, without excessive state interference or surveillance.

In the end, as the deputy puts it, the central issue is freedom. “My fear is that this project will pass, and people won’t even understand what is happening.” Therefore, may every citizen at least have the chance to understand what’s at stake and make their voice heard in defense of a Brazil where individual freedom and privacy are respected values.

@ 57c631a3:07529a8e

Poetry, unstacked

Painting by Early Fern, shared by Marine Eyes

It is difficult to get the news from poems yet men die miserably every day for lack of what is found there.—William Carlos Williams

April, the month Eliot famously deemed the cruelest, is kindest to poetry. It’s when we nationally awaken to poetry’s efforts to capture the human experience in all its messy contradictions, leaning into uncertainty and wonder and bringing readers along for the ride.

Williams’s adage pairs beautifully with Ezra Pound’s assertion that “Poetry is news that stays news.” Poetry* gives readers the most immediate and urgent hotline to feeling. Big emotions turn us instinctively, like human sunflowers, toward poems, which are singularly compact vehicles for thinking and feeling. They have a knack for distilling our existential questions and putting all that wondering to music—after all, the term lyric poetry comes from the lyre,* which accompanied the recitation of poetry in antiquity.

On Substack, poets shed the constraints of traditional publishing timelines, sharing works in progress and experimenting in real time. What arises isn’t just a collection of newsletters but a living anthology of established voices and emerging talents in conversation with one another and their readers. If you’re still not convinced that poetry is for you (it is!), I created a primer of Poems for Those Who Don’t “Get” Poetry. But beyond that gateway, Substack presents countless paths to discover the poems that will speak directly to you—from translation projects that breathe new life into ancient verse to craft discussions that demystify the process. Allow me to introduce you to a few of my favorites.

Poetry in progress

Quiddity: a word I love. It means “the inherent nature or essence of someone or something.” The you-ness of you. That is what the best poets translate through their writing—formal or free verse, ruminative or praising, expansive or brief. It’s the way one listens to the singular voice channeled through them** and delivers that voice alive on the page.

This is the foundation for the widest category of poetry on Substack. No two posts are alike: you might get the intimacy of seeing work that could later make its way into books, hearing poets muse about their writing lives, or watching notes and fragments coalesce into longer lyric explorations.

is one of the best-known poets on Substack, offering devoted readers a mix of never-before-seen work and poems from past collections. And his commitment to Substack’s potential as a propagator of new writing is especially inspiring to emerging writers.

Being witness to commitment and experimentation, that magical balance between discipline and freedom to explore, is riveting. I so admire , translator and former Random House editor ’s long-standing project to chronicle daily life:

Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published4.11.25

what I so desired I can’t have

thank you blessed stars

Keep reading

Andrea Gibson’s gorgeously smart features videos of the poet reciting their work and contemplating illness, resilience, and the role that poetry plays in capturing duress, heartbreak, and hope. Here they are reading their poem “What Love Is”:

Keep watching

I was thrilled to see former U.S. Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith join Substack recently. She’s already sharing poems, works in progress, and essays. Hear her reading a new poem, “I Don’t Believe in Doom,” here:

Keep listening

Then there’s , an ambitious translation project by , a writer dedicated to bringing these ancient poems from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) to a contemporary audience. Hyun Woo translates one poem from the collection every week. Here’s one of my favorites, number 55:

The Farewell to Those Who Will Stay at a Tavern of JinlingThe wind blows the willow flowers, filling the inn with fragrance;The ladies of Wu press the liquor, calling to the guests to try.The young men of Jinling come and see each other off;Those who will go, those who will not, each empty his goblet.I invite you to ask the water flowing east, to test it:Which is short and which is long, the thoughts of farewell or itself?

Keep reading

Curators and craft

The poet-as-curator offers us an assortment of poems organized by their own idiosyncratic logic. It’s like receiving the perfect mixtape: songs you’ve known and loved for years, and others you’re grateful to discover for the first time. Chances are good that within any given roundup, at least one poem will speak to you, introducing you to a new voice.

’s is one of my go-tos. He has a phenomenal reader’s eye for juxtapositions that span ages, styles, and modes, creating unexpected—and delightful—tensions and correspondences. His thematic roundups extend far beyond expected subjects like love and death to more nuanced territories like therapy (“This is progress”) and mood (“Puff out the hot-air balloon now”). Through Sean, I was reminded to revisit one of my favorite Audre Lorde poems:

Shared in “This is progress” by Sean Singer

In my own newsletter, , I do something similar: curating Poems for Your Weekend around themes that serve as a prescription for your mind or soul, while exploring how neuroscience and mindset can help us live more sustainable and enriching artistic lives. Through it all, I write about the role of wonder in poetry, the subject of my PhD.

For subtle close readings of poems through the lens of life rather than the ivory tower, I turn to ’s , with its deeply thoughtful essays on the poems he selects each week. His recent post on the poems of Linda Pastan includes this gorgeous poem from Insomnia:

Imaginary ConversationText within this block will maintain its original spacing when publishedYou tell me to live each day as if it were my last. This is in the kitchen where before coffee I complain of the day ahead—that obstacle race of minutes and hours, grocery stores and doctors.

But why the last? I ask. Why not live each day as if it were the first— all raw astonishment, Eve rubbing her eyes awake that first morning, the sun coming up like an ingénue in the east?

You grind the coffee with the small roar of a mind trying to clear itself. I set the table, glance out the window where dew has baptized every living surface.

Keep reading

I love Devin’s remarks: “why the last is the kind of question I adore, a question that does not assume it knows what we are supposedly supposed to know, a question that mirthfully pushes back against the world, and wonders aloud about astonishment in the face of certainty.”

For those interested in craft, literary powerhouse recently joined Substack and is already offering excellent writing exercises, as helpful for readers hoping to understand poetry as for poets creating their own. His Exercise 036: Begin with the End introduced even this poetry veteran to a new term: anadiplosis! is a resource-rich space, featuring interviews, classes, craft essays, and more. A large group of poets and readers has gathered to take advantage, creating a vibrant community. And a special shoutout in this section to , a poet whose candid essays on navigating both the publishing and dating world as a woman are their own kind of education on living more bravely and authentically.

Final thoughts

Whether encountered in an anthology or a newsletter, poems remind us of what Williams knew: that vital truths exist within their lines that we can find nowhere else. And there’s a special joy in reading them on Substack, where poets find renewed pleasure in publishing on their own terms, and where readers can witness the process and join the discussion. The digital format extends poetry’s reach, bringing these voices to new audiences who might not normally encounter them. Here, poets and readers are participating in poetry’s oldest tradition: the passing of essential truths from one human heart to another. I hope you’ll join us. https://connect-test.layer3.press/articles/4e5d2cee-8bd4-4fb0-9331-48bbeded3a47

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Your MiniBolt is on a local network, and you want to expose it on the internet (clearnet) without exposing your public IP, without Firewall rules, without NAT port forwarding, without risk, easy and cheap?

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Link to the guide: https://v2.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/cloudflare-tunnel

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Embarking on the journey of operating your own Lightning node on the Bitcoin Layer 2 network is more than just a tech-savvy endeavor; it's a step into a realm of financial autonomy and cutting-edge innovation. By running a node, you become a vital part of a revolutionary movement that's reshaping how we think about money and digital transactions. This role not only offers a unique perspective on blockchain technology but also places you at the heart of a community dedicated to decentralization and network resilience. Beyond the technicalities, it's about embracing a new era of digital finance, where you contribute directly to the network's security, efficiency, and growth, all while gaining personal satisfaction and potentially lucrative rewards.

In essence, running your own Lightning node is a powerful way to engage with the forefront of blockchain technology, assert financial independence, and contribute to a more decentralized and efficient Bitcoin network. It's an adventure that offers both personal and communal benefits, from gaining in-depth tech knowledge to earning a place in the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency.

Running your own Lightning node for the Bitcoin Layer 2 network can be an empowering and beneficial endeavor. Here are 10 reasons why you might consider taking on this task:

1. Direct Contribution to Decentralization: Operating a node is a direct action towards decentralizing the Bitcoin network, crucial for its security and resistance to control or censorship by any single entity.

2. Financial Autonomy: Owning a node gives you complete control over your financial transactions on the network, free from reliance on third-party services, which can be subject to fees, restrictions, or outages.

3. Advanced Network Participation: As a node operator, you're not just a passive participant but an active player in shaping the network, influencing its efficiency and scalability through direct involvement.

4. Potential for Higher Revenue: With strategic management and optimal channel funding, your node can become a preferred route for transactions, potentially increasing the routing fees you can earn.

5. Cutting-Edge Technological Engagement: Running a node puts you at the forefront of blockchain and bitcoin technology, offering insights into future developments and innovations.

6. Strengthened Network Security: Each new node adds to the robustness of the Bitcoin network, making it more resilient against attacks and failures, thus contributing to the overall security of the ecosystem.

7. Personalized Fee Structures: You have the flexibility to set your own fee policies, which can balance earning potential with the service you provide to the network.

8. Empowerment Through Knowledge: The process of setting up and managing a node provides deep learning opportunities, empowering you with knowledge that can be applied in various areas of blockchain and fintech.

9. Boosting Transaction Capacity: By running a node, you help to increase the overall capacity of the Lightning Network, enabling more transactions to be processed quickly and at lower costs.

10. Community Leadership and Reputation: As an active node operator, you gain recognition within the Bitcoin community, which can lead to collaborative opportunities and a position of thought leadership in the space.

These reasons demonstrate the impactful and transformative nature of running a Lightning node, appealing to those who are deeply invested in the principles of bitcoin and wish to actively shape its future. Jump aboard, and embrace the journey toward full independence. 🐶🐾🫡🚀🚀🚀

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

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En bitcoin

• Sur la blockchain : bc1qkm8me8l9563wvsl9sklzt4hdcuny3tlejznj7d

• Réseau lightning : ⚡️origin-nature@coinos.io Vous pouvez aussi nous soutenir de manière récurrente 👉 Créer un paiement Lightning récurrent

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• Vous pouvez aussi nous soutenir de manière récurrente 👉 Faire une promesse sur LiberaPay

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Contactez-nous si vous souhaitez faire un don avec toute autre cryptomonnaie.

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Cet article est publié sur origine-nature.com 🌐 See this article in English