@ d61f3bc5:0da6ef4a

I remember the first gathering of Nostr devs two years ago in Costa Rica. We were all psyched because Nostr appeared to solve the problem of self-sovereign online identity and decentralized publishing. The protocol seemed well-suited for textual content, but it wasn't really designed to handle binary files, like images or video.

The Problem

When I publish a note that contains an image link, the note itself is resilient thanks to Nostr, but if the hosting service disappears or takes my image down, my note will be broken forever. We need a way to publish binary data without relying on a single hosting provider.

We were discussing how there really was no reliable solution to this problem even outside of Nostr. Peer-to-peer attempts like IPFS simply didn't work; they were hopelessly slow and unreliable in practice. Torrents worked for popular files like movies, but couldn't be relied on for general file hosting.

Awesome Blossom

A year later, I attended the Sovereign Engineering demo day in Madeira, organized by Pablo and Gigi. Many projects were presented over a three hour demo session that day, but one really stood out for me.

Introduced by hzrd149 and Stu Bowman, Blossom blew my mind because it showed how we can solve complex problems easily by simply relying on the fact that Nostr exists. Having an open user directory, with the corresponding social graph and web of trust is an incredible building block.

Since we can easily look up any user on Nostr and read their profile metadata, we can just get them to simply tell us where their files are stored. This, combined with hash-based addressing (borrowed from IPFS), is all we need to solve our problem.

How Blossom Works

The Blossom protocol (Blobs Stored Simply on Mediaservers) is formally defined in a series of BUDs (Blossom Upgrade Documents). Yes, Blossom is the most well-branded protocol in the history of protocols. Feel free to refer to the spec for details, but I will provide a high level explanation here.

The main idea behind Blossom can be summarized in three points:

1. Users specify which media server(s) they use via their public Blossom settings published on Nostr;
2. All files are uniquely addressable via hashes;
3. If an app fails to load a file from the original URL, it simply goes to get it from the server(s) specified in the user's Blossom settings.

Just like Nostr itself, the Blossom protocol is dead-simple and it works!

Let's use this image as an example:

If you look at the URL for this image, you will notice that it looks like this:

blossom.primal.net/c1aa63f983a44185d039092912bfb7f33adcf63ed3cae371ebe6905da5f688d0.jpg

All Blossom URLs follow this format:

[server]/[file-hash].[extension]

The file hash is important because it uniquely identifies the file in question. Apps can use it to verify that the file they received is exactly the file they requested. It also gives us the ability to reliably get the same file from a different server.

Nostr users declare which media server(s) they use by publishing their Blossom settings. If I store my files on Server A, and they get removed, I can simply upload them to Server B, update my public Blossom settings, and all Blossom-capable apps will be able to find them at the new location. All my existing notes will continue to display media content without any issues.

Blossom Mirroring

Let's face it, re-uploading files to another server after they got removed from the original server is not the best user experience. Most people wouldn't have the backups of all the files, and/or the desire to do this work.

This is where Blossom's mirroring feature comes handy. In addition to the primary media server, a Blossom user can set one one or more mirror servers. Under this setup, every time a file is uploaded to the primary server the Nostr app issues a mirror request to the primary server, directing it to copy the file to all the specified mirrors. This way there is always a copy of all content on multiple servers and in case the primary becomes unavailable, Blossom-capable apps will automatically start loading from the mirror.

Mirrors are really easy to setup (you can do it in two clicks in Primal) and this arrangement ensures robust media handling without any central points of failure. Note that you can use professional media hosting services side by side with self-hosted backup servers that anyone can run at home.

Using Blossom Within Primal

Blossom is natively integrated into the entire Primal stack and enabled by default. If you are using Primal 2.2 or later, you don't need to do anything to enable Blossom, all your media uploads are blossoming already.

To enhance user privacy, all Primal apps use the "/media" endpoint per BUD-05, which strips all metadata from uploaded files before they are saved and optionally mirrored to other Blossom servers, per user settings. You can use any Blossom server as your primary media server in Primal, as well as setup any number of mirrors:

## Conclusion

For such a simple protocol, Blossom gives us three major benefits:

1. Verifiable authenticity. All Nostr notes are always signed by the note author. With Blossom, the signed note includes a unique hash for each referenced media file, making it impossible to falsify.
2. File hosting redundancy. Having multiple live copies of referenced media files (via Blossom mirroring) greatly increases the resiliency of media content published on Nostr.
3. Censorship resistance. Blossom enables us to seamlessly switch media hosting providers in case of censorship.

Thanks for reading; and enjoy! 🌸

@ b98139a6:eb269255

I’m exhausted from the endless OP_RETURN vs. Core infighting… so I figured I’d relax with the nice, calm, debate about Due Process. 😉

Okay, sure—this topic is every bit as heated in legal circles as block sizes and fork wars are in Bitcoin. But for a Bitcoin-savvy, intellectually curious audience, the current political battle over Due Process is worth diving into. Let’s explore how the U.S. Constitution phrases different rights (who exactly gets them), and why “due process” isn’t a one-size-fits-all procedure.

(This is partly an explainer, and partly a discussion prompt. I am sure that I will have some pushback, especially from other attorneys. That's cool! Reasonable people can disagree on even contentious topics like ultimate grant of rights to noncitizens. Maybe even OP_RETURN!)

“The People” vs. “No Person” – Who Gets What Rights?

One of the first points of confusion in constitutional law is that not all rights are phrased the same way. Some rights are granted to “the people,” while others protect “persons” or “the accused.” These aren’t just linguistic quirks – they signal which groups are protected (citizens or everyone). Let’s break it down:

• Rights of “the People”: Several amendments (like the 1st, 2nd, and 4th) explicitly mention “the people.” For example, the Second Amendment says “the right of the people to keep and bear arms” and the Fourth Amendment protects “the right of the people to be secure… against unreasonable searches and seizures.” The Supreme Court has noted that “the people” refers to those within the national community of the United States. In plain terms, this implies these rights are geared toward citizens and others with a strong connection to the U.S. (In a 1990 case, Chief Justice Rehnquist suggested that “the people” who enjoy 1st, 2nd, and 4th Amendment rights are those “who are part of a national community or who have otherwise developed sufficient connection with this country”. See United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez, 494 U.S. 259 (1990).) In other words, if you’re not part of “We the People” (say, a foreigner with no ties), those particular rights may not fully extend to you.

• Rights of “Persons”: Other rights use broad language like “no person shall…” – notably, the Fifth Amendment’s due process clause. It doesn’t say “no citizen” – it says “no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” This wording was very intentional. It means any person under U.S. jurisdiction is owed due process, regardless of citizenship status. The same goes for the Fifth Amendment’s protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy – it protects “persons.” So even if someone isn’t a U.S. citizen, if the U.S. government is trying to lock them up or take something from them, the Constitution demands some form of fair procedure. (As one legal expert dryly noted in response to a political slogan, the Constitution “does not make any distinction between citizens and noncitizens” when it comes to due process.)

• Rights of “the Accused”: The Sixth Amendment speaks of “the accused” – “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury,” and so on. This applies to anyone who finds themselves prosecuted under U.S. criminal law. Citizen or not, if you’re charged with a crime in a U.S. court, you are “the accused” and you get those Sixth Amendment rights. There’s no citizenship test for the right to a lawyer, a jury, etc.

• The 14th Amendment – Citizens and Persons: After the Civil War, the 14th Amendment was adopted, and it cleverly uses both terms. First it says “All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. … are citizens.” That defines citizenship. But then it says “nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Here we see “any person” again. This was a big statement: the 14th Amendment explicitly is not limited to citizens in its protections of due process and equal protection. The Supreme Court recognized way back in 1886 that these provisions are “universal in their application, to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction, without regard to any differences of race, color, or nationality.” In practical terms, this means a foreign student, an undocumented immigrant, or a tourist on U.S. soil is a “person” under the 14th Amendment and thus is owed due process and equal protection by any state or local government. (However, the 14th’s “privileges or immunities” clause does specifically protect “citizens” – things like the right to travel between states, etc. – highlighting that some rights were meant for citizens only, while core concepts of due process apply to everyone.)

In summary, the Constitution carefully differentiates who it’s talking about. “The people” usually means the American people (members of the national community), whereas “no person” means literally any person (citizen or not) under U.S. authority. So, next time someone claims “Hey, non-citizens aren’t protected by the Constitution!”, you can politely point out that the text says otherwise in many places. The Founders and those who amended the Constitution knew exactly what they were doing with those words.

Due Process ≠ One-Size-Fits-All (Article III Courts vs. Article II Courts)

Now let’s tackle the second big point: Due Process. We often hear the term thrown around (sometimes in heated Twitter debates as much as in courtrooms). But due process isn’t a monolith – the kind of “process” someone is “due” can vary a lot depending on the situation. Think of it as a sliding scale: the more serious the deprivation of your rights, the more robust the process the government must give you.

In the U.S., this plays out by having different types of courts and procedures for different matters. Let’s contrast two extremes:

• Criminal Prosecutions (Article III courts): These are the trials for serious offenses. They take place in Article III courts, meaning the normal judiciary with independent judges (appointed for life under Article III of the Constitution). Here, due process is at its most robust. If the government wants to put someone in jail (or even take their life in capital cases), it must jump through many hoops: a formal indictment, the right to an attorney, a public jury trial, proof beyond a reasonable doubt, etc. The Constitution spells out many of these protections in the 5th and 6th Amendments (grand jury indictment, no double jeopardy, speedy trial, impartial jury, right to counsel, etc.). These safeguards apply to “the accused” in criminal cases – which, as we noted, means anyone accused, citizen or not. The idea is that when the stakes are highest (your liberty or life on the line), the procedural protections are strongest. It’s the legal equivalent of Bitcoin’s full nodes rigorously verifying every block – no shortcuts allowed when something so valuable is at stake.

• Immigration/Deportation Proceedings (Article II courts): On the other end, consider the process for deporting someone for violating immigration laws. Surprisingly to many, removal/deportation cases don’t happen in the regular courts at all – they happen in administrative tribunals under the Executive Branch. Since 1983, immigration courts have been housed in the Department of Justice (under the Attorney General), making them what are called “Article II courts,” operating under the authority of the President. The officials who preside are immigration judges, but they are not Article III judges – they’re essentially DOJ employees. And because deportation is classified as a civil matter, not a criminal one, the due process requirements are different (and more limited).

Why are they more limited? By law, deportation is not considered a “punishment” for a crime – it’s civil and administrative. See Wong Wing v. United States 163 U.S. 228 (1896). The Supreme Court has said for over a century that removing an undocumented or removable alien is just the government enforcing immigration policy, “not a punishment for crime.” It’s akin to revoking someone’s permission to remain in the country, rather than convicting them of a criminal offense. Because it’s not punishment, many of the constitutional protections that apply in criminal cases don’t apply in deportation proceedings. There’s no jury trial in immigration court, no requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt (the government usually just needs “clear and convincing” evidence of removability), and the government doesn’t have to provide a free lawyer if you can’t afford one. In fact, the Supreme Court explicitly noted that things like the right to a jury and the ban on “cruel and unusual punishments” “have no application” in deportation cases.

This doesn’t mean immigrants have zero rights – due process still applies, just in a more basic form. Typically, due process in deportation means the right to notice of the charges and a fair hearing before a neutral adjudicator. You get to appear before an immigration judge, present evidence, and argue your case (for example, that you have legal status, or that you qualify for asylum, etc.). The government can’t just pick you up and secretly put you on a plane without any procedure at all (except in certain very narrow scenarios like expedited removal at the border, which still involves at least an interview). But the level of process is much less elaborate than in a criminal court. It’s the difference between a quick SPV node verification and a full node verification – the former is “lighter” and leaves more room for error.

And errors do happen, which is why this debate is fierce. Immigration judges handle hundreds of thousands of cases and sometimes people with rights do slip through the cracks. There have been cases of U.S. citizens mistakenly detained or nearly deported because the system is under strain and shortcuts get taken. That’s why critics argue that even if deportation isn’t “punitive,” it sure feels like punishment to the people on the receiving end. The Supreme Court itself has acknowledged that being deported can be devastating – in one case, the Court noted deportation may result in “the loss of all that makes life worth living.” Bridges v. Wixon, 326 U.S. 135 (1945), see also Ng Fung Ho v. White, 259 U.S. 276 (1922). Despite this harsh reality, the legal doctrine remains that it’s not punishment in the criminal sense. Wong Wing v. United States (163 U.S. 228, 1896).

To sum up, “Due Process” comes in levels: at minimum, it means fundamental fairness – the government can’t just do stuff to you arbitrarily without some procedure. But what procedure is due depends on context. If you’re a citizen facing a criminal charge, due process is maximal – you get the full panoply of rights in an Article III court. If you’re a non-citizen facing deportation, due process still applies, but in a limited, civil proceeding way – an Article II tribunal where the process is streamlined. The law draws this line because of the formal distinction that deportation = civil remedy, not criminal punishment. Or as one official recently put it (to much controversy): “the judicial process is for Americans. Immediate deportation is for illegal aliens.” (Many lawyers and judges vehemently disagree with that phrasing, citing the Fifth Amendment’s “no person” language, but it captures the attitude that immigration proceedings are a separate track.)

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/972420

@ 6e64b83c:94102ee8

Nostr-static is a powerful static site generator that transforms long-form Nostr content into beautiful, standalone websites. It makes your content accessible to everyone, even those not using Nostr clients. For more information check out my previous blog post How to Create a Blog Out of Nostr Long-Form Articles

What's New in Version 0.7?

RSS and Atom Feeds

Version 0.7 brings comprehensive feed support with both RSS and Atom formats. The system automatically generates feeds for your main content, individual profiles, and tag-specific pages. These feeds are seamlessly integrated into your site's header, making them easily discoverable by feed readers and content aggregators.

This feature bridges the gap between Nostr and traditional web publishing, allowing your content to reach readers who prefer feed readers or automated content distribution systems.

Smart Content Discovery

The new tag discovery system enhances your readers' experience by automatically finding and recommending relevant articles from the Nostr network. It works by:

1. Analyzing the tags in your articles
2. Fetching popular articles from Nostr that share these tags
3. Using configurable weights to rank these articles based on:
4. Engagement metrics (reactions, reposts, replies)
5. Zap statistics (amount, unique zappers, average zap size)
6. Content quality signals (report penalties)

This creates a dynamic "Recommended Articles" section that helps readers discover more content they might be interested in, all while staying within the Nostr ecosystem.

See the new features yourself by visiting our demo at: https://blog.nostrize.me

@ 00033a93:774465e5

An Italian artist just announced in the small town of Fornelli a statue of Satoshi, involving the administration in the project and the community of Fornelli in Bitcoin!

Not all heroes wear capes!

Italian article here:

https://bitcoinbeer.events/article/21

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/971872

@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

至高の油淋鶏の動画 https://youtu.be/Ur2tYVZppBU のレシピ書き起こし

材料（2人分）

• 鶏モモ肉…300g
• A［しょうゆ…小さじ1　塩…小さじ1／3　酒…大さじ1と1／2　おろしショウガ…5g　片栗粉…大さじ1］
• 長ネギ（みじん切り）…1／2本（50g）
• ショウガ（みじん切り）…10g
• B［しょうゆ…大さじ2　砂糖…小さじ4　酢…大さじ1 ゴマ油…小さじ1 味の素…4ふり 赤唐辛子（小口切り）…1本分］
• 赤唐辛子、花椒（各好みで）…各適量

手順

1. 肉を切る

皮を上にして適当に八等分くらい

1. 肉を肉入ってたトレーかなんか適当な入れ物に入れてそこに 酒おおさじ1と1/2 と ショウガ５グラムすりおろして入れて軽く混ぜる
2. そこに、片栗粉おおさじ１入れて混ぜる（漬ける段階にも片栗粉を入れることで厚衣になりやすい）
3. 常温で１５分くらい置く
4. その間にたれを作る

   1. 長ネギ50gを細かいみじん切りにしてボウルに入れる（白いとこも青いとこも）

      （端っこを残して縦に切り込みを入れて横に切るとよい） 2. ショウガ10gを細かいみじん切りにして同じボウルにいれる 3. 鷹の爪１本分入れる（任意） 4. 醤油おおさじ２、砂糖小さじ4、酢（穀物酢）おおさじ１を入れる 5. 味の素４振りいれてよく混ぜる 6. 小さなフライパン（油が少なくて済むので）に底に浸るくらいの油を入れ、中火で温める 7. 肉に片栗粉をたっぷりつけて揚げる 8. 揚がったらキッチンペーパーを敷いたなにかしらとかに上げる 9. もりつけてタレをかけて完成

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

The European Accessibility Act is coming, now is a great time for accessibility trainings!. In my Accessibility for Designer workshop, you will learn how to design accessible mockups that prevent issues in visual design, interactions, navigation, and content. You will be able to spot problems early, fix them in your designs, and communicate accessibility clearly with your team. This is a practical workshop with hands-on exercises, not just theory. You’ll actively apply accessibility principles to real design scenarios and mockups. And will get access to my accessibility resources: checklists, annotation kits and more.

When? 4 sessions of 2 hours + Q and As, on: - Mon, June 16, - Tue, June 17, Mon, - June 23 and Tue, - June 24. 9:30 – 12:00 PM PT or 18:30 – 21:00 CET

Register with 15% discount ($255) https://ti.to/smashingmagazine/online-workshops-2022/with/87vynaoqc0/discount/welcometomyworkshop

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/971772

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Crabtree's Framework for Evaluating Human-Centered Research

Picture this: You've spent three weeks conducting qualitative research for a finance app redesign. You carefully recruited 12 participants, conducted in-depth interviews, and identified patterns around financial anxiety and decision paralysis. You're excited to present your findings when the inevitable happens:

"But are these results statistically significant?"

"Just 12 people? How can we make decisions that affect thousands of users based on conversations with just 12 people?"

As UX professionals, we regularly face stakeholders who evaluate our qualitative research using criteria designed for quantitative methods... This misalignment undermines the unique value qualitative research brings to product development.

Continue reading https://uxpsychology.substack.com/p/beyond-numbers-how-to-properly-evaluate

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/971767

@ 51faaa77:2c26615b

There has been a lot of debate about a recent discussion on the mailing list and a pull request on the Bitcoin Core repository. The main two points are about whether a mempool policy regarding OP_RETURN outputs should be changed, and whether there should be a configuration option for node operators to set their own limit. There has been some controversy about the background and context of these topics and people are looking for more information. Please ask short (preferably one sentence) questions as top comments in this topic. @Murch, and maybe others, will try to answer them in a couple sentences. @Murch and myself have collected a few questions that we have seen being asked to start us off, but please add more as you see fit.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/971277

@ efc19139:a370b6a8

Bitcoin has a controversial reputation, but in this essay, I argue that Bitcoin is actually a pretty cool thing; it could even be described as the hippie movement of the digital generations.

Mainstream media often portrays Bitcoin purely as speculation, with headlines focusing on price fluctuations or painting it as an environmental disaster. It has frequently been declared dead and buried, only to rise again—each time, it's labeled as highly risky and suspicious as a whole. Then there are those who find blockchain fascinating in general but dismiss Bitcoin as outdated, claiming it will soon be replaced by a new cryptocurrency (often one controlled by the very author making the argument). Let’s take a moment to consider why Bitcoin is interesting and how it can drive broad societal change, much like the hippie movement once did. Bitcoin is a global decentralized monetary system operating on a peer-to-peer network. Since nearly all of humanity lives within an economic system based on money, it’s easy to see how an overhaul of the financial system could have a profound impact across different aspects of society. Bitcoin differs from traditional money through several unique characteristics: it is scarce, neutral, decentralized, and completely permissionless. There is no central entity—such as a company—that develops and markets Bitcoin, meaning it cannot be corrupted.

Bitcoin is an open digital network, much like the internet. Due to its lack of a central governing entity and its organic origin, Bitcoin can be considered a commodity, whereas other cryptocurrencies resemble securities, comparable to stocks. Bitcoin’s decentralized nature makes it geopolitically neutral. Instead of being controlled by a central authority, it operates under predefined, unchangeable rules. No single entity in the world has the ability to arbitrarily influence decision-making within the Bitcoin network. This characteristic is particularly beneficial in today’s political climate, where global uncertainty is heightened by unpredictable leaders of major powers. The permissionless nature of Bitcoin and its built-in resistance to censorship are crucial for individuals living under unstable conditions. Bitcoin is used to raise funds for politically persecuted activists and for charitable purposes in regions where financial systems have been weaponized against political opponents or used to restrict people's ability to flee a country. These are factors that may not immediately come to mind in Western nations, where such challenges are not commonly faced. Additionally, according to the World Bank, an estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide still lack access to any form of banking services.

Mining is the only way to ensure that no one can seize control of the Bitcoin network or gain a privileged position within it. This keeps Bitcoin neutral as a protocol, meaning a set of rules without leaders. It is not governed in the same way a company is, where ownership of shares dictates control. Miners earn the right to record transactions in Bitcoin’s ledger by continuously proving that they have performed work to obtain that right. This proof-of-work algorithm is also one reason why Bitcoin has spread so organically. If recording new transactions were free, we would face a problem similar to spam: there would be an endless number of competing transactions, making it impossible to reach consensus on which should officially become part of the decentralized ledger. Mining can be seen as an auction for adding the next set of transactions, where the price is the amount of energy expended. Using energy for this purpose is the only way to ensure that mining remains globally decentralized while keeping the system open and permissionless—free from human interference. Bitcoin’s initial distribution was driven by random tech enthusiasts around the world who mined it as a hobby, using student electricity from their bedrooms. This is why Bitcoin’s spread can be considered organic, in contrast to a scenario where it was created by a precisely organized inner circle that typically would have granted itself advantages before the launch.

If energy consumption is considered concerning, the best regulatory approach would be to create optimal conditions for mining in Finland, where over half of energy production already comes from renewable sources. Modern miners are essentially datacenters, but they have a unique characteristic: they can adjust their electricity consumption seamlessly and instantly without delay. This creates synergy with renewable energy production, which often experiences fluctuations in supply. The demand flexibility offered by miners provides strong incentives to invest increasingly in renewable energy facilities. Miners can commit to long-term projects as last-resort consumers, making investments in renewables more predictable and profitable. Additionally, like other datacenters, miners produce heat as a byproduct. As a thought experiment, they could also be considered heating plants, with a secondary function of securing the Bitcoin network. In Finland, heat is naturally needed year-round. This combination of grid balancing and waste heat recovery would be key to Europe's energy self-sufficiency. Wouldn't it be great if the need to bow to fossil fuel powers for energy could be eliminated? Unfortunately, the current government has demonstrated a lack of understanding of these positive externalities by proposing tax increases on electricity. The so-called fiat monetary system also deserves criticism in Western nations, even though its flaws are not as immediately obvious as elsewhere. It is the current financial system in which certain privileged entities control the issuance of money as if by divine decree, which is what the term fiat (command) refers to. The system subtly creates and maintains inequality.

The Cantillon effect is an economic phenomenon in which entities closer to newly created money benefit at the expense of those farther away. Access to the money creation process is determined by credit ratings and loan terms, as fiat money is always debt. The Cantillon effect is a distorted version of the trickle-down theory, where the loss of purchasing power in a common currency gradually moves downward. Due to inflation, hard assets such as real estate, precious metals, and stocks become more expensive, just as food prices rise in stores. This process further enriches the wealthy while deepening poverty. The entire wealth of lower-income individuals is often held in cash or savings, which are eroded by inflation much like a borrowed bottle of Leijona liquor left out too long. Inflation is usually attributed to a specific crisis, but over the long term (spanning decades), monetary inflation—the expansion of the money supply—plays a significant role. Nobel Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman, known for his work on currencies, describes inflation in his book The Accidental Theorist as follows, loosely quoted: "It is really, really difficult to cut nominal wages. Even with low inflation, making labor cheaper would require a large portion of workers to accept wage cuts. Therefore, higher inflation leads to higher employment." Since no one wants to voluntarily give up their salary in nominal terms, the value of wages must be lowered in real terms by weakening the currency in which they are paid. Inflation effectively cuts wages—or, in other words, makes labor cheaper. This is one of the primary reasons why inflation is often said to have a "stimulating" effect on the economy.

It does seem somewhat unfair that employees effectively subsidize their employers’ labor costs to facilitate new hires, doesn’t it? Not to mention the inequities faced by the Global South in the form of neocolonialism, where Cantillon advantages are weaponized through reserve currencies like the US dollar or the French franc. This follows the exact same pattern, just on a larger scale. The Human Rights Foundation (hrf.org) has explored the interconnection between the fiat monetary system and neocolonialism in its publications, advocating for Bitcoin as part of the solution. Inflation can also be criticized from an environmental perspective. Since it raises time preference, it encourages people to make purchases sooner rather than delay them. As Krugman put it in the same book, “Extra money burns in your pocket.” Inflation thus drives consumption while reducing deliberation—it’s the fuel of the economy. If the goal from an environmental standpoint is to moderate economic activity, the first step should be to stop adding fuel to the fire. The impact of inflation on intergenerational inequality and the economic uncertainty faced by younger generations is rarely discussed. Boomers have benefited from the positive effects of the trend sparked by the Nixon shock in 1971, such as wealth accumulation in real estate and inflation-driven economic booms. Zoomers, meanwhile, are left to either fix the problems of the current system or find themselves searching for a lifeboat.

Bitcoin emerged as part of a long developmental continuum within the discussion forums of rebellious programmers known as cypherpunks, or encryption activists. It is an integral part of internet history and specifically a counterculture movement. Around Bitcoin, grassroots activists and self-organized communities still thrive, fostering an atmosphere that is welcoming, inspiring, and—above all—hopeful, which feels rare in today’s world. Although the rush of suits and traditional financial giants into Bitcoin through ETF funds a year ago may have painted it as opportunistic and dull in the headlines, delving into its history and culture reveals ever-fascinating angles and new layers within the Bitcoin sphere. Yet, at its core, Bitcoin is simply money. It possesses all seven characteristics required to meet the definition of money: it is easily divisible, transferable, recognizable, durable, fungible, uniform, and straightforward to receive. It serves as a foundation on which coders, startup enthusiasts, politicians, financial executives, activists, and anarchists alike can build. The only truly common denominator among the broad spectrum of Bitcoin users is curiosity—openness to new ideas. It merely requires the ability to recognize potential in an alternative system and a willingness to embrace fundamental change. Bitcoin itself is the most inclusive system in the world, as it is literally impossible to marginalize or exclude its users. It is a tool for peaceful and voluntary collaboration, designed so that violence and manipulation are rendered impossible in its code.

Pretty punk in the middle of an era of polarization and division, wouldn’t you say?

The original author (not me) is the organizer of the Bitcoin conference held in Helsinki, as well as a founding member and vice chairman of the Finnish Bitcoin Association. More information about the event can be found at: https://btchel.com and https://njump.me/nprofile1qqs89v5v46jcd8uzv3f7dudsvpt8ntdm3927eqypyjy37yx5l6a30fcknw5z5 ps. Zaps and sats will be forwarded to author!

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/971219

@ e0a8cbd7:f642d154

分散型プロトコルNostr上でWeb bookmarkを見たり書いたりする「Nostr Web Bookmark Trend」を試してみました。

NostrのWeb Bookmarkingは「nip-B0 Web Bookmarking· nostr-protocol/nips · GitHub」で定義されています。

WEBブラウザの拡張による認証(NIP-07)でログインしました。
create new web bookmark(新規ブックマーク作成）を開くとこんな感じ。
URL入力部分において、https:// が外に出ているので、URLのhttps:// 部分を消して入力しないといけないのがちょっと面倒。 　↓
１個、投稿してみました。
アカウント名をクリックするとそのユーザが登録したbookmark一覧が表示されます。
以上、Nostr Web Bookmark Trendについてでした。

なお、本記事は「Nostr NIP-23 マークダウンエディタ」のテストのため、「NostrでWeb bookmark - あたしンちのおとうさんの独り言」と同じ内容を投稿したものです。

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

KOReader is a document viewer for E Ink devices. Supported file formats include EPUB, PDF, DjVu, XPS, CBT, CBZ, FB2, PDB, TXT, HTML, RTF, CHM, DOC, MOBI and ZIP files. It’s available for Kindle, Kobo, PocketBook, Android and desktop Linux.

Download it from https://koreader.rocks Repository: https://github.com/koreader/koreader

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970912

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Well, today posts looks are dedicated to STAR WARS. Enjoy!

Today we’re looking at Beat Saber (2019) and why its most essential design element can be used to make great VR games that have nothing to do with music or rhythm.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoOeO7S9ehw

It’s hard to believe Beat Saber was first released in Early Access seven years ago today. From day one, it was clear the game was something special, but even so we couldn’t have predicted it would become one of VR’s best-selling games of all time—a title it still holds all these years later. In celebration of the game’s lasting legacy we’re re-publishing our episode of Inside XR Design which explores the secret to Beat Saber’s fun, and how it can be applied to VR games which have nothing to do with music.

Read more at https://www.roadtovr.com/beat-saber-instructed-motion-until-you-fall-inside-xr-design/

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970909

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Found this really fun, so created a few intros for latest SN newsletters https://stacker.news/items/960787/r/Design_r?commentId=970902 and https://stacker.news/items/970459/r/Design_r?commentId=970905

Create your STAR-WARS-like movie intro https://starwarsintrocreator.kassellabs.io/

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970906

@ 4fe14ef2:f51992ec

Let's support Bitcoin merchants! I'd love to hear some of your latest Lightning purchases and interesting products you bought. Feel free to include links to the shops or businesses you bought from.

Who else has a recent purchase they’re excited about? Bonus sats if you found a killer deal! ⚡

If you missed our last thread, here are some of the items stackers recently spent and zap on.

Share and repost: N: https://nostrudel.ninja/#/n/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqnlpfme... X: https://x.com/AGORA_SN/status/1918907693516914793

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970896

@ b6524158:8e898a89

Steps: 1. Run a node one mynode 2. Upgrade to premium 3. Select your Bitcoin version (to Bitcoin Knots)

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970504

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

The figure in this article illustrates exactly how most biology papers are secretly p-hacked. A large number of hypotheses is explored, and only the ones that form a coherent story are reported.

This is actually the main reason behind the replication crisis in biology IMO. (source)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-025-02635-7

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970464

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Comments: 3395 (Top Territory!!!) Posts: 306 (3rd) Stacking: 198k (2nd)

We're really bouncing back from the post-Super Bowl lull, with lots of contests and discussion threads. I think we've really found our niche with those two things.

The rest of Stacker News is experiencing declining activity, so our steady growth since February really tells me that we're on the right track.

Thanks for being part of our growing sports community!

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970289

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOqWgxCo7Kw

The Catch Up Day 1: Bonsoy Gold Coast Pro provides opening day dominance from upper echelon:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1uM0FnyPvA

Next Round, elimination:

Results of the 1st day, opening round: https://www.worldsurfleague.com/events/2025/ct/325/bonsoy-gold-coast-pro/results

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970160

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

There is a well-known legend about pelicans that has been told for centuries: it was believed that pelican parents would wound their own chests with their beaks to feed their young with their blood. In reality, pelicans actually catch fish in their large beaks and then press their beaks to their chicks’ mouths to feed them. The myth likely arose because young pelicans sometimes peck their mother's chest while competing for food, but the mother does not harm herself intentionally.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970123

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970118

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

In Jewish folklore, the golem—shaped from clay—is brought to life through sacred knowledge. Clay’s negative charge allows it to bind nutrients and water, echoing its mythic function as a vessel of potential.

Biochar in Amazonian terra preta shares this trait: it holds life-sustaining ions and harbors living intention. Both materials, inert alone, become generative through human action. The golem and black earths exist in parallel—one cultural, one ecological—shaping the lifeless into something that serves, protects, and endures.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/970089

@ d9a329af:bef580d7

To be clear, this is 100% my subjective opinion on the alternatives to popular music, as it has become practically a formula of witchcraft, pseudoscience and mysticism. There is nothing you can do to get me to listen to Western pop music from the late 2010's to now. I could certainly listen to almost anything... just not modern pop, which is now completely backwards.

Most examples of compositions for these genres will be my own, unless otherwise stated. The genres on this list are in no particular order, though my favorite of which will be first: 1. Bossa Nova

Bossa Nova is a subgenre of jazz from Brazil, created in the 1950's as a mix of standard jazz and samba rhythms in a more gentle and relaxing manner. This genre's most famous songs are Tom Jobim's The Girl from Ipanema (found in albums like Getz/Gilberto), Wave, and even Triste. Most of the music is written in 2/4 time signature, and any key is almost acceptable. It's called Afro-Brazilian Jazz for a reason after all. I have a ton of compositions I produced, from Forget and Regret, to Rabbit Theory, Beaches of Gensokyo Past, Waveside, and even Willows of Ice to name a few of them.

1. Metal

This is an umbrella term for many subgenres of this fork of hard rock, with more distorted guitars, speedy and technical writing, vocals that sound demonic (some subgenres don't have that), or sometimes, chaotic lyrics and downright nasty ones if you look deep enough. If you want to get into it, just make sure it's not Black Metal (it's weird), Blackened Metal (Any subgenre of metal that's been inserted with elements of Black Metal), Metalcore, or any other genre that has vocals that aren't the best to hear (these are vocal fries that are really good if you're into the weird demonic sounds). This isn't for the faint of heart. Instrumental metal is good though, and an example is my composition from Touhou Igousaken called A Sly Foxy Liar if you want to know what techincal groove metal is like at a glance.

1. Touhou-style

I can attest to this one, as I produced bossa nova with a Touhou-like writing style. Touhou Project is a series of action video games created by one guy (Jun'ya Outa, a.k.a. ZUN), and are usually bullet curtain games in the main franchise, with some official spinoffs that are also action games (fighting games like Touhou 12.3 ~ Hisoutensoku). What I'm referring to here is music written by ZUN himself (He does almost everything for Touhou Project, and he's really good at it), or fans that write to his style with their own flair. I did this once with my composition, Toiled Bubble, which is from my self-titled EP. I probably wouldn't do much with it to be fair, and stick to bossa nova (my main genre if you couldn't tell).

1. Hip-Hop/Rap

This can get subjective here, but old-school rap and hip-hop... give me more of it. Before it became corrupted with all kinds of immoral things, hip-hop and rap were actually very good for their time. These were new, innovative and creative with how lyrics were written. Nowadays, while we're talking about cars, unspeakable acts, money, and just being dirtbags, artists in this genre back then were much classier than that. I fit in the latter category with my piece entitled, Don't Think, Just Roast, where I called out antis for a Vtuber agency who wanted to give its talent a hard time. It didn't get much traction on YouTube, because I'm not a well-known artist (I'm considered a nobody in the grand scheme of things. I'd like to get it fixed, but I don't want a record deal... I'd have to become a Pharisee or a Jesuit for that).

1. Synthwave

This is a genre of electronic music focused on 80's and 90's synths being used to carry a composition. Nowadays, we have plugins like Vital, Serum, Surge and others to create sounds we would otherwise be hearing on an 80's or 90's keyboard. An example of this is my composition, Wrenched Torque, which was composed for a promotion I did with RAES when he released his Vital synth pack.

More are to come in future installments of this series, and I will adjust the title of this one accordingly if y'all have any ideas of genres I should look into.

@ d9a329af:bef580d7

Everyone who sees it knows at this point that the matrix of control comes from the overdependence of proprietary software to do our everyday tasks. You can think of this like us being the cling wrap that will just not let go of these pieces of garbage software that don't allow you to see what is in their source code, and how they work. This will tend to lead to the unlawful collection of data (violating the most basic of privacy laws, despite unenforceable contracts that are enforced regardless), bad OPSEC that sees you being stalked and harassed over nothing significant. In the worst of cases, if you speak your mind where you aren't necessarily supposed to be able to do that, and you get doxxed, the worst cases could be far worse than one could imagine.

The solution to this, on the other hand, is using almost exclusively free/libre open-source software and GNU/Linux operation systems. If you're using certain proprietary software, hardening it to give as little data as possible to the entity responsible for it will also work, as long as you know which ones to use. This is a hard pass for a lot of people, but if you want to escape the control matrix of proprietary software, Winblows, HackOS, iHackOS, iBloatOS and stock Google AI Fever Dream, then researching which Free Software (notice the spelling) to use is your first bet. I had already done this for the past four and a half years, and will continue to do it as long as I live, seeing what new Free Software compliant applications and libraries come into the spotlight once things get locked down into walled gardens like what HackOS, iHackOS and BlindnessOS do on a regular basis.

Each of these pieces of software will be in a categorized list with a brief description of what the software is used for. There is a lot to take in, so research this yourself and see if these are right for you. These are the applications I personally use on a regular day-to-day basis, and they work for my needs.

1. Operating Systems (the core to your device)
2. GNU/Linux operating systems (for PCs) or GrapheneOS (for de-googled Android phones)

To be fair on this one, GNU/Linux is the combination of the Linux kernel with the GNU toolchain, which in turn allows any developer to make an operating system that is FOSS, not necessarily Free Software, especially with the Linux Kernel's proprietary bits of code. The Linux kernel is also used in the Android Open-Source Project (AOSP), and is used as the base of operating systems for Android phones such as GrapheneOS, the only AOSP custom ROM I would recommend based upon the research I had done on this (even if very little).

My recommendations on the Linux side of things are almost any Arch-based distribution (with the exception of Manjaro), Debian-based distributions like Linux Mint Debian edition, regular Debian, AntiX or Devuan, or a Fedora/RedHat-based distribution like Nobara Project (if you're a gamer), OpenSUSE (if set up properly) or even Bluefin if you want an atomic desktop (I wouldn't recommend Bluefin if you want to monkey with your operating system and DIY on many aspects of it). Once you learn how to set these up securely, privately and properly, you're on your way to starting your journey into digital liberation, but there's far more to go on this front.

1. Web Browsers (How you surf the internet)
2. Firefox Forks

This one is self-explanatory. I harden all the Firefox forks I use (LibreWolf, Waterfox, Cachy Browser, Floorp and Zen as some examples) to the nines, despite being unable to do anything about my fingerprint. This is why I use multiple browsers for specific purposes to counteract the fingerprint spying due to weaponized JavaScript. There are ways to circumvent the fingerprint-based espionage, and make sure the site fingerprint.com doesn't know that one's lying about what their user agent is, though it's not very easy to fool that site, as it's used by 6,000 companies.

• Brave Browser

This is the only Chromium-based browser I would recommend, as it's better when hardened against all the other Chromium-based browsers, including Ungoogled Chromium, which is almost impossible to harden due to security vulnerabilities. Despite that, Brave has some of the best features for a Chromium-based browser one can feel comfortable using, even though you'll have similar issues with Firefox-based browsers that aren't actually Firefox (and Firefox has its own issues regarding espionage from Mozilla)

1. Office Suites (If you need to do professional office documents)
2. LibreOffice

A fork of Apache's OpenOffice, made better with many features missing from even OnlyOffice and OpenOffice, this suite of applications is the go-to Free Software office suite for many people looking to switch from the proprietary software nether to the diamonds of free/libre open-source software. Though one may need to perform some extra steps to set up compatibility with G-Suite and Microsoft Office past 2015 potentially, it's still a good thing that people trust LibreOffice as their one-stop shop for office documents, despite being completely different from your standard office suite fare.

• OnlyOffice

The competitor to LibreOffice with the ease of Microsoft Office and G-Suite compatibility, OnlyOffice is another office suite that can be good for those who need it, especially since anybody who had used Microsoft Office in particular will be familiar with its layout, if not for a slight learning curve. As someone who's used G-Suite more (due to schooling that stunk worse than a decomposing rat in New York City), that's part of the reason why I switched to LibreOffice, though I tried some others, including OnlyOffice and Abiword (since I use a word processor a lot). This one is another solid option for those who need it.

• Wordgrinder

For those who like to use a terminal emulator like I do, Wordgrinder is a word processor with a terminal user interface (TUI) designed with just focusing on typing without distractions in mind. .wg is the file extension for documents made using Wordgrinder, especially since nowadays most word processors are cloud based. For those who live in a terminal, this is a good option to your terminal UI-based toolbox

1. Text editors
2. Vi, Vim, Neovim and other Vim-like editors

The classic VI Improved (Vim), a fork of the TUI modal editor, vi, with keybinds that will be confusing at first, but with practice and patience, bring about muscle memory to stay on the keyboard, and not necessarily touch the mouse, keypad on the right hand side, or even the arrow keys. These keybind skills will stay with one for the rest of their life once they learn how the modes in vi, Vim or vi-based editors work. It's a classic for those working in the terminal, and a staple in FLOSS text editing and coding tools once customized potentially to the nines to your particular style.

• VSCodium

The Free Software fork of Code OSS by Microsoft, but made to be similar in function to VSCode without Microsoft's espionage baked into it. It has almost exactly the same features as VSCode that one would need, and even any VSIX files from VSCode will work in VSCodium. This one is an easy switch from VSCode for those who use it, but don't want the forced telemetry.

• Emacs

The competitor to Vim, Emacs is an editor that is FLOSS in every way imaginable. It is one of the most customizable editors anybody could have ever conceived, though the programming language used in Emacs is a dialect of Lisp the developers had made themselves. There are more keybinds to memorize compared to Vim, though Vim keybinds can be added using the Evil Mode package in any Emacs package manager to get the best of both worlds in Emacs. Once one gets a handle of the steep learning curve for Emacs, it's customizable in every imaginable way almost.

These four categories will get you started on your privacy journey, though I covered things a developer might want. I have plans on more lists to compile once I get my ducks in a row on what I want to cover here on Nostr in a longform format. Feel free to let me know if you have recommendations for me to write about, and I can do some digging on that if it isn't a rabbit hole.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

My month long endeavor to be less of a lazibones has concluded.

For the whole month, I fairly consistently did whatever little chores needed to be done, as soon as I noticed they needed to be done. That was mostly laundry, making the bed, and (un)loading the dishwasher, plus lots of random cleaning up after the dog and kid.

Even with focusing less on getting steps, my steps were up about 15% from the previous month (which had nicer weather, btw). These were less empty steps, too. I was actually being productive.

I'm not sure any of the JBP-esque room cleaning type benefits materialized, but it was good for me, so I'll try to carry some new habits forward.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969995

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

Its been six long months of refactoring code and building out to the applesauce packages but the app is stable enough for another release.

This update is pretty much a full rewrite of the non-visible parts of the app. all the background services were either moved out to the applesauce packages or rewritten, the result is that noStrudel is a little faster and much more consistent with connections and publishing.

New layout

The app has a new layout now, it takes advantage of the full desktop screen and looks a little better than it did before.

Removed NIP-72 communities

The NIP-72 communities are no longer part of the app, if you want to continue using them there are still a few apps that support them ( like satellite.earth ) but noStrudel won't support them going forward.

The communities where interesting but ultimately proved too have some fundamental flaws, most notably that all posts had to be approved by a moderator. There were some good ideas on how to improve it but they would have only been patches and wouldn't have fixed the underlying issues.

I wont promise to build it into noStrudel, but NIP-29 (relay based groups) look a lot more promising and already have better moderation abilities then NIP-72 communities could ever have.

Settings view

There is now a dedicated settings view, so no more hunting around for where the relays are set or trying to find how to add another account. its all in one place now

Cleaned up lists

The list views are a little cleaner now, and they have a simple edit modal

New emoji picker

Just another small improvement that makes the app feel more complete.

Experimental Wallet

There is a new "wallet" view in the app that lets you manage your NIP-60 cashu wallet. its very experimental and probably won't work for you, but its there and I hope to finish it up so the app can support NIP-61 nutzaps.

WARNING: Don't feed the wallet your hard earned sats, it will eat them!

Smaller improvements

• Added NSFW flag for replies
• Updated NIP-48 bunker login to work with new spec
• Linkfy BIPs
• Added 404 page
• Add NIP-22 comments under badges, files, and articles
• Add max height to timeline notes
• Fix articles view freezing on load
• Add option to mirror blobs when sharing notes
• Remove "open in drawer" for notes

@ 9223d2fa:b57e3de7

8,276 steps

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

The top three ~econ posts, by zaprank, in April were

Pleb Economist #6: Analysis of Trump's Reciprocal Tariff Calculations by @SimpleStacker

Remember those goofy tariff and non-tariff barrier numbers? SimpleStacker walks us through the assumptions and formulas that they were derived from. There's a good discussion around how much sense those assumptions make and where they came from.

Twenty One Capital: You Can Just Do Things (Bloomberg, Matt Levine) by @denlillaapan

A commentary on a commentary on the 21 Capital bitcoin strategy. Why are investors willing to pay several multiples of bitcoin's current purchase price to get exposure to it in this form? Let @denlillaapan know in the comments.

The WSJ (kinda) covers the Mar-a-Lago Accords plus Miran's Incredible Speech by @028559d218

Analysis of Steve Miran's speech about "Global Public Goods". Will the rest of the world tell America to "go F itself", as the author repeatedly suggests? Eventually, no doubt they/we will.

---

Thanks to our great authors and generous zappers!

The top post will be entered into the quarterly top post contest, which we'll hold in July.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969806

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

I still get some errors on those relays as related in https://stacker.news/items/797226 :

wss://relay.snort.social/, wss://relay.damus.io/, wss://nostr.mutinywallet.com/, wss://relay.mutinywallet.com/

Is it "normal" ?

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969662

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

Snapper Rocks surf heralds the start of the Superbank, offering some of the most iconic right barrels in the whole of Australia. If it was good enough for Mick Fanning…

An introduction to Snapper Rocks surf When people talk about Snapper Rocks surf, what they’re really talking about is the first spot in a long line of truly legendary spots that together form the Kirra Superbank. They’ve all garnered endless international attention in the last two decades, since the removal of sand from the Tweed River estuary started building up the engine room for what can only be described as a barrel machine.

Prior to 2001, Snappers was a bit fickle, a touch mushy, but nonetheless a decent left-right break for intermediates. Today, it’s a crowded take-off zone for riders chasing the long peelers that can shift them from the head all the way to Kirra Beach in one interconnected medley of hollow and heavy sections. It’s the land that crafted names like Mick Fanning and it’s understandably awesome stuff.

Location:

https://www.google.com/maps/place/28%C2%B009'41.4%22S+153%C2%B032'58.8%22E/@-28.161507,153.549664,14z/data=!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d-28.161507!4d153.549664?hl=en&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDQyOS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D

To watch it live:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMnfbXRqe58

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969653

@ b154080c:00027cc7

Introduction

In the ancient times of Israel, masculinity found its true embodiment in the courageous story of Daniel. Amidst the foreign land of Babylon, Daniel stood firm in his convictions, showcasing strength, and dedication to his beliefs.

Despite living in a culture that sought to diminish his faith, Daniel refused to bow before idols or false deities. His defiance challenged societal expectations, revealing a masculinity that transcended worldly norms. Rooted in his unshakable belief in the one true God, Daniel's resolve remained unyielding. Facing the wrath of the king, Daniel fearlessly stood before Nebuchadnezzar, humbly declaring his allegiance to God alone. Cast into a blazing furnace as punishment, Daniel emerged unharmed. God's angel shielded him from the scorching flames, proving that his faith made him invincible. Witnessing this display of masculinity, Nebuchadnezzar acknowledged the greatness of Daniel's God, bringing about a profound transformation.

Daniel's story serves as a testament to the essence of masculinity—a resolute dedication to one's convictions, the courage to defy societal expectations, and a commitment to truth. His faith and devotion inspire generations, exemplifying the power of masculine conviction.

There have been countless instances throughout history where acts of courage have taken place on a spectrum. Although both men and women can display such acts, history has shown that resolve, courage, and bravery have predominantly resided within the realm of masculinity. The Apostle Paul himself concluded the book of 1 Corinthians by saying, "Be watchful, stand firm in the faith, act like men, be strong. Let all that you do be done in love" (16:13-14). By combining this passage with the numerous accounts of provision, battle, sacrifice, and honor, it becomes evident that God has designed inherent and very important differences within the male gender.

The Bible presents us with inspiring examples of both courageous women, such as Deborah, Rahab, and Esther, and valiant men, including Joshua, Gideon, Samson, David, Jonathan, Nehemiah, the Prophets, the twelve Apostles, and above all, Jesus Himself. While these accounts acknowledge the remarkable contributions of women, they predominantly highlight the male figures who exemplify strength, boldness, courage, and a resolute sense of responsibility. Throughout its pages, the Bible paints a vivid picture of masculinity's profound impact and enduring significance which we must embrace.

Jesus’ Masculinity

Jesus exhibited remarkable courage throughout many of his acts, and it is through his expression of masculinity that this courage shines even brighter. Jesus' masculinity played a crucial role in enabling him to display great bravery and determination in fulfilling his mission. However, it's important to note that Jesus redefines masculinity beyond physical strength or dominance, embracing resilience, self-sacrifice, and unyielding conviction as its defining qualities.

Jesus' courage stemmed from his deep understanding of his purpose and his unshakable faith in his Father's plan. He fearlessly challenged the religious authorities of his time, calling out hypocrisy and speaking truth to power. Despite facing opposition and hostility, Jesus stood firm in his convictions, undeterred by the threats and ridicule he encountered. Jesus' embodiment of masculinity highlights the transformative power it can have when rooted in love and compassion.

Modern Culture Poisoning the Church

It is important to realize the true masculinity of Jesus and the example that he has set for us in this regard. Unfortunately, I often see a tendency nowadays to downplay Jesus' masculinity and instead depict Him in a more feminized manner.

In both our culture and the modern church, there is a tendency to present a version of Jesus that deviates from the biblical portrayal. Perhaps you've come across people who refer to Jesus as their "best friend" or even draw comparisons between their relationship with Him and that of a "boyfriend.” This is in fact very unbiblical. The Bible never presents our love for God using such romantic or erotic language. While the men depicted in Scripture certainly loved God, they were never portrayed as being desperate for Him or romantically in love with Him. People are often taught a very shallow and weak portrayal of Him.

In the United States, particularly in the context of flourishing Protestantism, the shift from considering the community as a whole to focusing on the individual has led to a rise in strong individualistic beliefs which has resulted in a diminished sense of community within the Catholic Church. When the focal point of Catholicism becomes "Jesus and me," it opens the door to a mindset of being "spiritual" rather than "religious.” Attending church becomes a matter of personal choice, and faith no longer necessarily influences or intersects with areas such as business or politics. The sole emphasis becomes on one's personal relationship with Christ, prioritizing individual salvation over communal or global redemption. The vision of the kingdom of God taking shape on earth also becomes less urgent, as the emphasis shifts towards a faith centered on transcendence, emotions, and sentiment, rather than tangible actions.

The perception of Jesus' masculinity has been negatively impacted by the trend of feminizing Him, which has contributed to a decline in the courage displayed by men today. This shift can be attributed to various factors that have influenced societal perspectives.

In contrast to the promises of Jesus, which include suffering, trials, and pain, it is often only presented to them that Christianity is the solution to these hardships. Instead of acknowledging the reality of challenges, the contemporary portrayal of Christianity tends to market it as the antidote to suffering and pain. It is important to recognize and reflect upon the significant difference between how Jesus called His disciples and the prevailing emphasis on personal relationships with Him today. Instead of inviting them to have a personal connection, He simply said, "Follow me." Understanding this distinction is crucial in our understanding of Jesus' call to discipleship. "Follow me" implies a sense of purpose, a shared mission or goal to pursue. This contrast highlights the divergence between the original intent of discipleship and the way it is often portrayed around me nowadays.

I want to emphasize that I am by no means denying the significance of having a personal relationship with Christ. On the contrary, I am simply highlighting the importance of recognizing that personal relationships, including our relationship with Christ, require more than just superficial connections. They demand a deep sense of faith, trust, and communion with Him. Drawing inspiration from the courageous example of Jesus, who fearlessly confronted societal norms and spoke truth to power, our relationship with Him can empower us to embrace courage in our own lives. Just as Jesus fearlessly faced opposition, persecution, and ultimately sacrificed Himself for the sake of others, our connection with Him can embolden us to stand up for what is right, to live out our faith boldly, and to face life's challenges with strength. It is not a casual or complacent association but a courageous and transformative bond that empowers us to live out our faith with conviction and to impact the world around us positively.

As modern sermons take center stage, it's become apparent that there is a tendency to downplay the contrasts found in the teachings of the Bible. As mentions of heaven and hell, sin and life, grace and justice, as well as the analogies involving battles and soldiers for Christ have always been very prevalent, they have become way less common nowadays. We hear fewer calls for Catholics to embrace their crosses and passionately commit themselves to the cause of the gospel and the well-being of others. Instead, the spotlight has shifted towards how the gospel can serve as a tool for personal growth and fulfillment, focusing on self-realization. The gospel is often presented as a therapeutic treatment rather than a heroic challenge. The emphasis lies on the rewards rather than the obstacles, creating the idea of all gain, no pain (lol).

The rise of praise and worship music has also brought about significant changes in people's perception of Christ. While traditional hymns focused on singing about God, emphasizing His greatness, power, and distinctiveness, praise and worship music takes a different approach. It presents God as a close companion, an intimate presence by our side, emphasizing His love and care for us. This shift in emphasis, while not inherently negative, certainly plays a substantial role in shaping our understanding of Christ's nature and relationship with us.

Jesus is the Epitome of Masculinity

I believe Jesus stands as the epitome of masculinity, offering an unrivaled example for men to emulate. Through His life and teachings, He reveals the true essence of what it means to be a man. He leads with courage, facing challenges head-on without hesitation. His fearlessness shines through as He confronts opposition and stands firm in His convictions. Moreover, His love is not self-serving but sacrificial, displayed vividly through His ultimate act of giving His own life for the sake of others. And in the face of adversity, His resolve remains unshakeable, inspiring men to stand strong in their beliefs and principles. Jesus, in His entirety, embodies the essence of true masculinity, setting an unparalleled standard that us men must aspire to.

Around me, I’m often seeing a tendency to shy away from addressing challenging subjects with resolute conviction. Rather than speaking with clarity and certainty, there is a preference for using vague language and ambiguous statements to navigate sensitive issues. In stark contrast, Jesus stood firmly and fearlessly, fearlessly proclaiming His truth. His words shook the foundations of societal norms, demanding radical commitment from His followers. True boldness lies in the courage to speak truth, even when faced with opposition and adversity.

Boldness is a very masculine characteristic. While some may argue that boldness is not exclusive to gender, the Bible primarily associates this characteristic with men. On the other hand, the beauty of women is highlighted through the importance of a gentle and quiet spirit, which also very much holds great value in the eyes of God. 1 Peter 3:4 addressing woman and wives, "Let your adorning be the hidden person of the heart with the imperishable beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which in God's sight is very precious." This reminds us that inner qualities such as a gentle and tranquil demeanor also hold significant worth and are highly esteemed.

As Jesus exemplified true boldness, courageously speaking God's truth regardless of the consequences. His courage serves as the ultimate model of masculinity, inspiring men to fearlessly pursue God's will. Jesus exemplified bravery, rooted in His deep reverence for God. Unlike the fear of man, which arises from sin, Jesus' bravery stemmed from His love for God. His resolute posture and authoritative responses to godless men demonstrated a masculinity untainted by timidity. Jesus taught us to lead with courage, grounded in reverence for God and faith in His sovereignty.

In a culture where love is often misrepresented, Jesus' sacrificial love stands as the true definition. Love, as demonstrated by Jesus, goes beyond superficial feelings; it entails sacrificial commitment. Jesus willingly laid down His life for His bride, the Church, showcasing the essence of true masculinity. Men are called to sacrificially love their wives, mirroring Christ's example. This selfless love forms the foundation for men to protect, nurture, and fight for those entrusted to their care.

Christ's resolve was the driving force behind the cross, demonstrating His commitment to fulfill His mission. His choice to embrace the cross, knowing the suffering and wrath He would endure, showcases resolute masculinity. In history, heroic moments of perseverance are predominantly marked by male resolve. The biological advantage provided by testosterone further supports men's capacity for enduring resolve. Jesus' resolve to save His people from sin teaches men to stand firm in the face of challenges, abiding in their commitment to their calling.

Restoring the Church's Boldness and Reclaiming Biblical Masculinity and Femininity

The landscape of the Church has undergone a significant transformation, moving away from its historic expression of Christianity. We've witnessed a shift from powerful, convicting sermons to soft, TED-talk style infotainment. Classic hymns highlighting doctrine, sacrifice, and piety have been replaced by emotionally driven love songs that resemble romantic ballads. It's clear that the local church has undergone a real emasculation.

This departure from biblical foundations has contributed to a great deal of confusion within the Church, particularly concerning the understanding of biblical manhood and womanhood. The increasing push for egalitarianism has led to women fighting for leadership roles, while men find themselves adrift without clear guidance regarding their responsibilities in marriage, the church, and the family. I believe this confusion and distortion of gender roles to be the enemy's central strategy for our generation. By infiltrating the Church with a heightened emphasis on feminine emotion, the enemy has left us unprepared for moments requiring masculine boldness, fearlessness, sacrifice, and resolve.

We must acknowledge that there is a difference between a surface-level expression of faith and the profound conviction displayed by those facing intense trials. The challenges and hardships that people face in the midst of adversity provide a profound glimpse into the strength and genuineness of their faith. These trials are a powerful testimony to their commitment and courage. Throughout history, numerous Christians have faced unimaginable suffering, even enduring torture, dismemberment, and martyrdom, all because of their devotion to Christ. Their remarkable sacrifices inspire us and remind us of the immense cost of following Jesus. Yet, the trend of timidity displayed by the present-day Church, yielding to government overreach or even complying with laws that endorse sexual sin contrary to biblical teachings, will come at a significant cost.

It is high time for the Church to reclaim its boldness and restore the biblical understanding of masculinity and femininity. We must reject the watered-down version of Christianity that has spread throughout our culture and embrace a faith rooted in conviction and sacrifice. By understanding and embracing the unique roles and responsibilities of men and women as outlined in Scripture, we can restore clarity and purpose to our families, churches, and communities. Let us rise above the societal pressures, rekindle the fire of biblical truth, and stand firm in our commitment to Christ, no matter the cost.

As we progress, it becomes clear that the importance of strong, virtuous Catholic men is growing. This should not catch us off guard. The feminist movement of the 21st century is truly toxic. It goes way beyond advocating for the rightful appreciation of women; it seeks to establish female dominance. Moreover, its influence knows no boundaries. Like the LGBTQ community, its aim is to permeate every aspect of public, personal, and spiritual life. We must not only be alarmed by this trend but also prepare ourselves to stand firmly against it. We need biblically grounded shepherds and faithful women who can discern the subtle infiltration of an effeminate culture and guard against it.

Let us not forget that Catholicism is not egalitarian. While men and women are equally valued before the cross, our roles and responsibilities differ. In marriage, Christianity follows a complementarian model, where the husband leads with sacrificial love, and the wife respects and supports him. People are too sensitive about the word “patriarchy” nowadays. In terms of leadership, the Church holds a patriarchal stance. At the same time, patriarchy, like any other system, is not immune to the potential for sinful expressions. However, when approached with sacrificial love, adherence to biblical order, and a commitment to honoring God, the structure of patriarchy - as well as areas such as marriage, fatherhood, and heterosexuality - can yield to way more goodness. We should strive for a church culture that aligns with the gender-culture outlined in God’s Word: gentle, safe, and encouraging, while also strong, bold, and committed to upholding biblical order and fulfilling the mission entrusted to us. This balance allows the church to fully embody the presence of Christ, enabling His people to confidently advance alongside our great Lord.

We must prepare ourselves for an increasing need for men who embrace biblical masculinity and women who faithfully embody femininity. It is crucial not to overlook the pervasive influence of an effeminate culture and the agenda of distorted ideologies. By embracing the distinct roles and responsibilities that God has given to both men and women, we cultivate a church culture that mirrors the beauty of Christ and empowers His people to wholeheartedly pursue His mission with courage. We must recognize the urgency to embrace and embody biblical masculinity in the face of cultural challenges and shifting ideologies. Equipped with the truth of God's Word, we can navigate the complexities of the world and fulfill our God-given roles with great faith. Let us rise as men who boldly embrace our calling, standing firm in the face of challenges, and wholeheartedly pursuing lives of holiness and service to God and His Church. May we stand united, guided by His Word, and ready to face the battles ahead with strength, grace, and resolved faith.

From Nashville with love,

Suhail Saqan

This was inspired by The Imitation of Christ. Read here.

@ f72e682e:c51af867

lightning #fees #lnd #node

I'm really tired of bad node operator that do not take advantage of everything we have and expect for the LN network to work properly. If you have a node, please do this.

I recommend having an automatic fee automator like charge-lnd so channels don't become stagnant:

https://github.com/accumulator/charge-lnd

And put some negative inbound fees for channels with no liquidity:

https://docs.lightning.engineering/lightning-network-tools/lnd/inbound-channel-fees

You'll notice you will route A LOT MORE.

Any question I will respond below.

A good starting configuration:

========

``` [encourage-routing]

'autobalance' (lower fees so using outbound is more attractive)

chan.min_ratio = 0.98 inbound_base_fee_msat = 0 inbound_fee_ppm = 0 strategy = static base_fee_msat = 0 fee_ppm = 0

[discourage-routing]

'autobalance' (higher fees so using outbound is less attractive)

chan.max_ratio = 0.2 chan.min_ratio = 0.05 inbound_base_fee_msat = -64 inbound_fee_ppm = -16 strategy = static base_fee_msat = 1_000 fee_ppm = 700

[all-liquidity-is-theirs] chan.max_ratio = 0.00 inbound_base_fee_msat = -128 inbound_fee_ppm = -128 strategy = static base_fee_msat = 100_000 fee_ppm = 5000

[discourage-routing-extreme] chan.max_ratio = 0.05 inbound_base_fee_msat = -128 inbound_fee_ppm = -32 strategy = static base_fee_msat = 10_000 fee_ppm = 2500

[proportional]

'proportional' can also be used to auto balance (lower fee rate when low remote balance & higher rate when higher remote balance)

fee_ppm decreases linearly with the channel balance ratio (min_fee_ppm when ratio is 1, max_fee_ppm when ratio is 0)

chan.min_ratio = 0.2 chan.max_ratio = 0.98 strategy = proportional min_fee_ppm = 8 max_fee_ppm = 160 inbound_base_fee_msat = 0 inbound_fee_ppm = 0 base_fee_msat = 128 min_fee_ppm_delta=16 ```

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969651

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

The first round is not quite over, with Warriors vs Rockets and Nuggets vs Clippers, still going in the West, But we do know most of who will be playing in the second round, so it's not too early to start thinking about our picks.

This contest is open entry throughout. Just submit a pick for who will win their series and who will be the leading scorer of the entire playoff round. You can select a team or player, up until tipoff of their series.

Matchups (seed)

• Pacers (4) @ Cavs (1)
• Knicks (3) @ Celtics (2)
• Nuggets (4) or Clippers (5) @ Thunder (1)
• T-Wolves (6) @ Rockets (2) or Warriors (7) @ T-Wolves (6)

Scoring

2 Points + seed for picking a winner + 2 points for picking the leading scorer (total points) of the round

Standings

These will change if the Clippers or Warriors advance. Also, if Jokic scores 37 or more, he will catch Brunson (who no one selected) and net a few stackers another point. | Stacker | Points | |---------|--------| | @grayruby | 24| | @Coinsreporter | 19 | | @Carresan | 18 | | @gnilma | 18 | | @Undisciplined | 17 | | @WeAreAllSatoshi | 12 | | @fishious | 11 | | @BlokchainB | 11 | | @Car | 1 |

Prize

10k sats (or total zaps on these posts, whichever is larger)

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969492

@ c230edd3:8ad4a712

Chef's notes

This cake is not too sweet and very simple to make. The 3 flavors and mild and meld well with the light sweetness.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 15 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 45 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 12

Ingredients

• 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
• 1/2 tsp salt
• 2 tsp baking soda
• 1 cup sugar
• 3 large eggs
• 1/2 cup full fat milk
• 3/4 cup unfiltered olive oil
• 2/3 cup finely chopped raw, unsalted almonds
• 2 tsp lavender
• 1 Tbsp powdered sugar

Directions

1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Lightly butter 8 inch baking pan.
2. In smal bowl, whisk together flour, salt, and baking soda.
3. In large bowl, beat eggs and sugar until light colored and fluffy. Add milk.
4. Slowly pour and stir in olive oil.
5. Fold dry ingredients into the wet ingredients,
6. Stir in the almonds and the lavender, reserving some flowers for garnish.
7. Pour into prepared pan and bake for 45 min, or until toothpick comes out clean.
8. Cool on wire rack, dust with powdered sugar and top with reserved lavender.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

After exclusively talking about NFL draft and NBA playoffs last week, we have a lot of ground to make up.

The race for second place in the T20k cricket contest is heating up, but @Coinsreporter has a very commanding hold on 1st. I similarly have a stranglehold on last place in the CricZap contest and, not to brag, I just broke @grayruby's impressive mark for worst single month performance.

We're down to the final two survivors in the UEFA Survivor Pool. C'mon @TNStacker, we're all pulling for you.

The US continues to dominate the rest of the world... in our US vs the world contest.

Our MLB fantasy league (courtesy of @NEEDcreations) is a lot of fun, with tons of daily roster moves and movement in the standings. We should also finally have time for @grayruby to rant about how the American League is the suckiest bunch of sucks who ever sucked (where's that from?).

We do have more playoff basketball to cover. The games this week have been spectacular and we have second round series to start talking about. Shoutout to @WeAreAllSatoshi for hosting discussion threads. I'll get some posts up later summarizing how the bracket challenge is going and taking second round picks in the playoff points challenge.

NHL playoffs are also underway and we've barely talked about them, yet. What are the interesting storylines of round 1? How's the bracket challenge going?

And, of course, we'll talk about our favorite Predyx sports markets.

What else do stackers want to talk about?

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969413

@ 8173f6e1:e488ac0f

{"desc":"tst","code":"teeest","tags":["123"]}

@ 4961e68d:a2212e1c

热死人了

@ 4961e68d:a2212e1c

热死人了！

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Simple design

For as long as I remember, I’ve believed in simple design as a principle in my practice. It feels fundamental to me when I think about good design.

At the same time, I see many successful examples of complex products in the world. So I decided to ask, what value is simple design really providing me and my work?

Is it nostalgia?

I sometimes wonder if simple design is rooted in nostalgia. An example I like to use is:

Imagine yourself in the year 1981. You just purchased a brand new desk calculator. You are excited because you should be able to do any type of paperwork calculations you can imagine on it.

As you start to use it for the first time, it immediately prompts you to update its software. After using it for a few calculations, it asks you to fill out a survey about your experience. One day in the middle of adding up your checkbook, it interrupts you to tell you about a new leather-bound desk calendar the company just released. Sometimes in the middle of a complex calculation, the calculator will lag and crash. You have to restart it often to fix the issue.

I have a feeling that a person in 1981 would think this is a terrible calculator. They purchased the device to perform their calculations, nothing more. Why is it requiring so much more of their attention and effort?

Focus

I think simple design often refers to a focused product. A product that does a specific task can sometimes do that task really well. Products that try to do many things can offer a lot of value, but rarely do all the things well.

Some people prefer to use specific tools for specific tasks. Others prefer a wide variety of features.

I think the benefits of using fewer products are often a major reason complex products are successful. They may not be focused, they might be lower quality as a result, but people can use them for a wide variety of applications.

You can open a can of beans with a Swiss Army Knife — it will get the job done.

Art and subjectivity

Maybe simple design is valuable for intangible reasons. There is an art to simplicity. There is a beauty to simplicity.

A user can see more of the product's intentionality. The creator chose to leave certain features out. They decided what to include. The product likely exudes more vision and personality.

That might be unnoticed by some, but very valuable to others who care about craft. People who value the experience as much as the result.

Ease of use

I think a true benefit of simple design is the effect it has on ease of use. The less things there are to do in a product, the more obvious the things you can do become.

A simple product requires less of a user. That means a user can stay focused on their own needs and use the product in ways they define. They will encounter boundaries which limit them. These limitations could drive some away, but some might be engaged to find new and creative ways of working.

When to abandon simple design

I think the sad news is simple design is ultimately a limiting factor of a product's growth. I think there are many examples of this throughout the course of history (i.e. Ello vs Facebook, Rdio vs Spotify, Simplenote vs Notion, VSCO vs Instagram, Clear vs Things, Peach vs Twitter, etc). At the same time, I think 'simple design' does provide an entry point to successfully define what a product is.

The biggest challenge is continuing to evoke the benefits of simple design in an established product, while allowing a product to evolve and grow to meet its users' needs. That is a balancing act that very few products have ever achieved, but feels like an ideal that successful products should strive for.

---

One of Charlie Deets Writings

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969089

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

After being featured in the NY Times and WSJ, New York City officially opens a major addition to Central Park, the Davis Center at the Harlem Meer. Designed by architect Susan T Rodriguez in collaboration with Mitchell Giurgola, the renovation project replaces the old Lasker Rink and pool with a recreational facility that’s built directly into the landscape, restoring nature, reconnecting paths, and creating a year-round space for community activity. At the heart of the new design is a transformative water feature that shifts with the seasons, from a skating rink in winter to a lush green lawn in spring and fall and a pool in the summer.

The center’s new oval-shaped pool sits lower than the old one, surrounded by a gently sloped grassy berm. In winter, the pool becomes an ice-skating rink, making the site a destination in every season. A splash pad at the end of the water feature offers extra water play in the summer. By integrating the design into the natural shape of the land, the architects were able to open up the space around the pool and allow the landscape to flow around it, resulting in a setting that feels like it’s always been there.

Sustainability was a core part of the project. The building is expected to earn LEED Gold certification, thanks to features like passive ventilation, locally sourced stone and wood, energy-efficient systems, and a roof that absorbs rainwater. Bird-safe glass helps protect local wildlife, and recycled materials from the old building were reused during construction. Even more important, the new center supports free and low-cost programming year-round, including education, nature walks, community events, and recreation. It’s designed to welcome all kinds of visitors—from families and school groups to joggers, birdwatchers, and casual parkgoers.

Continue reading: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/giant-pool-new-york-central-park-new-davis-center-susan-t-rodriguez-mitchell-giurgola-04-24-2025/

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969086

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed software engineering, but their application to physical engineering domains remains underexplored. This paper evaluates LLMs' capabilities in high-powered rocketry design through RocketBench, a benchmark connecting LLMs to high-fidelity rocket simulations. We test models on two increasingly complex design tasks: target altitude optimization and precision landing challenges. Our findings reveal that while state-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate strong baseline engineering knowledge, they struggle to iterate on their designs when given simulation results and ultimately plateau below human performance levels. However, when enhanced with reinforcement learning (RL), we show that a 7B parameter model outperforms both SoTA foundation models and human experts. This research demonstrates that RL-trained LLMs can serve as effective tools for complex engineering optimization, potentially transforming engineering domains beyond software development.

PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.19394

Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19394

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/969083

@ 000002de:c05780a7

A lot of typing has been done comparing various right wing figures and people like Donald Trump and Elon Mush to Fascism and Nazism. It is frankly pretty absurd at this point. I'd be with them if they were just talking about these people being authoritarians. They clearly are in many ways. I'm not a fan.

But very little is said in a "non-partisan" way about the left. This is gonna be short and is meant to peak your curiosity to go and do some research for yourself.

The economist Milton Friedman famously said.

"After the fall of communism, everybody in the world agreed that socialism was a failure. Everybody in the world, more or less, agreed that capitalism was a success. And every capitalist country in the world apparently deduced from that what the West needed was more socialism."

This was said a long time ago and it is still the case. People espouse socialist ideas without even a concern about being called out for it. The same is NOT true of fascism or even traditional American patriotism.

But many of you may not realize just how deep the rot of socialism goes. Most people agree that the USSR committed terrible acts and was a failure. Before the creation of the USSR two socialists movements fought for power and control, the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. The primary difference between the two groups was how to bring about socialism. The Bolsheviks led by Lenin favored a more radical revolutionary force led by a small group. The Mensheviks, led by Julius Martov, preferred a larger, more democratic rise to power. They supported a more gradual rise of socialism. In October of 1917 the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in a bloody revolution.

Even to this day there are two different minds around how to bring about socialism. In the US the Menshevik approach is the one more popular. People like Bernie and AOC are this type of socialist. But make no mistake. They want to bring about a socialist utopian society. The type of system we have seen fail time and time again.

A few years ago I heard about another socialist movement and was frankly shocked that I had never heard about it before. In 1890 Britain a group of socialists formed an organization called the Fabian Society. The Fabians were/are socialists. But they believe in gradual incrementalism to bring about socialism. So what did the do you ask? They were at the center of the founding of the Labour party in the UK. Now, you might say. Big deal. But here's the weird thing. The Fabian Society's coat of arms was literally a wolf in sheep's clothing

They sought to bring about socialism covertly through democratic processes by presenting themselves as more moderate politicians. They have worked for decades to bring about socialism in the UK. If you don't count Margret Thatcher's era they've done a pretty great job. The UK is a mess.

So what does this have to do with May Day or Labor day for that matter? Well, socialists are at the center of every labor movement and celebrations like May day. Socialist ideas have been pumped into the government textbooks in the US for decades. Teachers are instructed in Universities full of believers in this wolf in sheep's clothing movement of democratic socialism.

Socialism leads to death and poverty. I'm not here to say that the US economy is the example for what the world should do. I'm a free market guy. We live in a corporatism led economy where the state partners with corporations to screw many in the US as well as the world. But I can tell you this. Socialism would be even worse.

The famous and infamous Russian anarchist Emma Goldman upon returning from her visit to the USSR was broken hearted. She had been a supporter of the revolution, but when she saw it with her own eyes she had a change of heart.

The compassion that seems to be a part of socialism is a lie. You can't institutionalize compassion. It has to come from the people, not a system. We should care for our brothers and sisters. But WE have to do it. We can't take from one group and give to another. We can't surrender our liberties to those that say they will take care of it for us. We have to do it. Capitalism is amoral. The free market is amoral. Both require us to be moral and show the way.

I hope this sparks your interest into looking into the history around socialist movements across the globe. I don't doubt that some have good motives, but the results are disastrous for the masses.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968901

@ 2183e947:f497b975

Most darknet markets (DNMs) are designed poorly in the following ways:

1. Hosting

Most DNMs use a model whereby merchants fill out a form to create their listings, and the data they submit then gets hosted on the DNM's servers. In scenarios where a "legal" website would be forced to censor that content (e.g. a DMCA takedown order), DNMs, of course, do not obey. This can lead to authorities trying to find the DNM's servers to take enforcement actions against them. This design creates a single point of failure.

A better design is to outsource hosting to third parties. Let merchants host their listings on nostr relays, not on the DNM's server. The DNM should only be designed as an open source interface for exploring listings hosted elsewhere, that way takedown orders end up with the people who actually host the listings, i.e. with nostr relays, and not with the DNM itself. And if a nostr relay DOES go down due to enforcement action, it does not significantly affect the DNM -- they'll just stop querying for listings from that relay in their next software update, because that relay doesn't work anymore, and only query for listings from relays that still work.

2. Moderation

Most DNMs have employees who curate the listings on the DNM. For example, they approve/deny listings depending on whether they fit the content policies of the website. Some DNMs are only for drugs, others are only for firearms. The problem is, to approve a criminal listing is, in the eyes of law enforcement, an act of conspiracy. Consequently, they don't just go after the merchant who made the listing but the moderators who approved it, and since the moderators typically act under the direction of the DNM, this means the police go after the DNM itself.

A better design is to outsource moderation to third parties. Let anyone call themselves a moderator and create lists of approved goods and services. Merchants can pay the most popular third party moderators to add their products to their lists. The DNM itself just lets its users pick which moderators to use, such that the user's choice -- and not a choice by the DNM -- determines what goods and services the user sees in the interface.

That way, the police go after the moderators and merchants rather than the DNM itself, which is basically just a web browser: it doesn't host anything or approve of any content, it just shows what its users tell it to show. And if a popular moderator gets arrested, his list will still work for a while, but will gradually get more and more outdated, leading someone else to eventually become the new most popular moderator, and a natural transition can occur.

3. Escrow

Most DNMs offer an escrow solution whereby users do not pay merchants directly. Rather, during the Checkout process, they put their money in escrow, and request the DNM to release it to the merchant when the product arrives, otherwise they initiate a dispute. Most DNMs consider escrow necessary because DNM users and merchants do not trust one another; users don't want to pay for a product first and then discover that the merchant never ships it, and merchants don't want to ship a product first and then discover that the user never pays for it.

The problem is, running an escrow solution for criminals is almost certain to get you accused of conspiracy, money laundering, and unlicensed money transmission, so the police are likely to shut down any DNM that does this. A better design is to oursource escrow to third parties. Let anyone call themselves an escrow, and let moderators approve escrows just like they approve listings. A merchant or user who doesn't trust the escrows chosen by a given moderator can just pick a different moderator. That way, the police go after the third party escrows rather than the DNM itself, which never touches user funds.

4. Consequences

Designing a DNM along these principles has an interesting consequence: the DNM is no longer anything but an interface, a glorified web browser. It doesn't host any content, approve any listings, or touch any money. It doesn't even really need a server -- it can just be an HTML file that users open up on their computer or smart phone. For two reasons, such a program is hard to take down:

First, it is hard for the police to justify going after the DNM, since there are no charges to bring. Its maintainers aren't doing anything illegal, no more than Firefox does anything illegal by maintaining a web browser that some people use to browse illegal content. What the user displays in the app is up to them, not to the code maintainers. Second, if the police decided to go after the DNM anyway, they still couldn't take it down because it's just an HTML file -- the maintainers do not even need to run a server to host the file, because users can share it with one another, eliminating all single points of failure.

Another consequence of this design is this: most of the listings will probably be legal, because there is more demand for legal goods and services than illegal ones. Users who want to find illegal goods would pick moderators who only approve those listings, but everyone else would use "legal" moderators, and the app would not, at first glance, look much like a DNM, just a marketplace for legal goods and services. To find the illegal stuff that lurks among the abundant legal stuff, you'd probably have to filter for it via your selection of moderators, making it seem like the "default" mode is legal.

5. Conclusion

I think this DNM model is far better than the designs that prevail today. It is easier to maintain, harder to take down, and pushes the "hard parts" to the edges, so that the DNM is not significantly affected even if a major merchant, moderator, or escrow gets arrested. I hope it comes to fruition.

@ e968e50b:db2a803a

Hey, are you familiar those scammy sites that will pay you to review companies? The line goes something like, "work from home and review products." Of course, the person is reviewing something online that they might not otherwise care about. When I look for reviews of a company, I'm almost always going to peer to peer type services.

Let's pause for a second for a seeming non-sequitur. Long story short, phone provider that I left has been charging me for an iPad that I accidentally didn't take off the plan. That's not the problem. The problem is that they made it IMPOSSIBLE to cancel this service, including going into a brick and mortar store. I'll spare you the details, but it took more than a full days work to get this thing cancelled. It was obvious that I wasn't even using the service, and it still cost me over a hundred bucks to square up after wasting so much of my life trying to get this thing cancelled on my account that supposedly didn't exist anymore.

Why is this relevant? I'm about to absolutely carpet bomb this company with bad reviews. They legitimately put significantly more work into trying to continue to charge me for this service I didn't want, didn't need, and didn't use, than they ever did trying to give me good service as a customer. When I started looking around online, I found a positive review I did about a flooring company two years ago...and wow! This review had so many great reviews. Beyond being amusingly recursive, it's real bad news for this phone company. I'm like a reviewing celebrity on this medium.

So...it occurred to me, what about a Trustpilot, BBB, or Angie's List type service that is fused with the sn news model? Put some skin in the game to review and put some skin in the game to endorse that review. stacker.reviews maybe?

Obviously, downzapping might not make sense there. Any company with a bad review could really hide their dirty laundry. But if they wanted to boost their good posts, plenty of safety mechanisms might make that costly (percentage of zaps going to website and boosts favored by numbers of zaps). I almost thought a review territory might make sense, but something like this would obviously need to be organized differently than a bulletin board.

I can imagine this being a good way to onboard people to bitcoin. Imagine it:

Wait, I can get some of these satoshi things for shouting to the rooftops about that plumber that saved my family's house?!? Hold my beer.

Wait, I can actually invest in this great review that warns people about that electrician?!?! Hold my warm beer.

idk Just a thought. I'm probably not the first person to think of this. Does it already exist? I got a humdinger of a harangue for it if so.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968624

@ b00a728d:0c16788a

Hey there, racing fans! Let’s talk about a straightforward betting strategy that’s been around for years, often used by folks who treat horse racing more like a business than a gamble. This method is all about following a clear staking plan to aim for a small, consistent profit per race—without needing to be a racing expert. I’ll break it down step-by-step so it’s easy to understand, even if you’re new to this! The Goal: Small, Steady Wins The idea here is to aim for a target profit (T) of 5 points per race. Think of a "point" as a unit of money you decide on—it could be $50, $1, or whatever you’re comfortable with. For example, I use a starting bank of $200, and I set each point at $1. So, 5 points = $5 profit per race. Important Rule: Once you pick the value of a point, stick with it throughout the entire betting sequence. Don’t change it, no matter what happens! Why This Works (Even If You Know Nothing About Racing) This plan is designed so that you’ll eventually win, even if you’re clueless about horses. The catch? You need to be patient and okay with small profits per point because the stakes (the amount you bet) can grow after each loss. For example: If you set each point at £1 and lose 10 races in a row, your 11th bet would need to recover $55 (your target plus losses).

If you set each point at 25p, you’d only need to recover $13.75 after 10 losses.

See the difference? Lower point values mean smaller risks, but also smaller profits. Pick a point value that matches the risk you’re willing to take and the profit you want to make. How the Staking Plan Works Here’s the basic idea: you start with a target profit of 5 points per race. If you lose, you add your loss to the next race’s target. If you win, you subtract your gain. The goal is to keep going until you hit your total profit target, then start over. Let’s break down the key terms: T (Target): Your profit goal for the race (starts at 5 points).

T + L: Your target plus any losses from previous races (or minus any gains if you won).

S (Stake): How much you bet on the race.

R (Result): Whether you won (e.g., 2-1 means the horse paid 2-to-1 odds) or lost (L).

W (Points Won): How many points you gained from a win.

L (Points Lost): How many points you lost from a bet.

AWL (Running Total): Your accumulated wins and losses over the sequence.

Once you reach your overall profit goal (like 40 points in the example below), you take your winnings and start the sequence over with a 5-point target. Example Sequence: Watch It in Action Here’s a sample sequence to show how this plays out. I’m using a 1-per-point value for simplicity: Race( see image posted for details in url or comment section)

What happened here? In Race 1, I aimed for 5 points but lost my 2-point stake, so my running total is -2.

In Race 2, I added my loss (2) to the new target (10), so I’m aiming for 12 points. I lost again, so my running total drops to -6.

By Race 8, I finally hit a big win (4-1 odds), gaining 44 points. My running total jumps to +50, which exceeds my overall target of 40 points.

I take my profit ($50 if each point is $1) and start over in Race 9 with a 5-point target.

How to Calculate Your Stake To figure out how much to bet (your stake), take your T + L (target plus losses) and divide by 3, rounding to the nearest whole number. Why 3? Because you want to bet on horses with odds of 3-1 or higher. A win at those odds will cover all your losses and give you your target profit. For example: In Race 4, my T + L is 33. Divide by 3: 33 ÷ 3 = 11. So, I bet 11 points.

My horse wins at 2-1 odds, so I get 22 points back (11 × 2). This clears my losses and gives me a profit.

Pro Tip: Stick to odds of evens (1-1) or higher. Many pros avoid “odds-on” bets (like 1-2) because they don’t pay enough to make this system work well. Tips to Make This Work for You Pick Your Races Wisely: You don’t have to bet on every race. Some pros bet on every race at a meeting (e.g., 6 races a day, 36 bets a week), but I recommend being selective. Consider using a professional tipping service for better picks—newspaper tips can be risky (one “expert” once picked 30 losers in a row!).

Spread Your Bets: Use 3 or 4 different bookmakers. No single bookie will be happy if you keep winning over time.

Account for Betting Tax (If Applicable): If there’s a tax on your bets, add it to your next race’s target. This way, the system covers the tax for you.

Be Prepared for Losing Streaks: Even with careful picks, you might hit a string of losses. That’s why you keep your point value low—so your stakes don’t balloon too much.

Why This Is a “Business,” Not Gambling People who use this method don’t see it as gambling—they treat racing like a business. The key is patience and discipline. A single win at 3-1 odds or higher will wipe out all your losses and deliver your target profit. It’s a slow grind, but it’s designed to keep you in the game long-term. Final Thoughts This staking plan is all about consistency and managing risk. Start with a small bank (like $200), set a point value you’re comfortable with (like 50 or 1), and stick to the rules. You don’t need to be a racing genius—just follow the system, bet smart, and wait for that big win to clear your slate and put profit in your pocket. Got questions or want to tweak this for your own style? Let me know, and I’ll help you fine-tune your approach! Happy betting!

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968545

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เมื่อวานนี้เรารู้เรื่อง Meat Free Monday ของท่านเซอร์พอลกันแล้ว วันนี้เรามาต่อเนื่องกับแสงสีกันอีกนิดครับ

Anne Hathaway กับ The EVERY Company จากเจ้าหญิง The Princess Diaries สู่ราชินีโปรตีนไร้ไก่ ในยุคที่ความเปลี่ยนแปลงไม่เคาะประตู แต่มาถีบประตูบ้านเข้าใส่เลย บรรดาเซเล็บฮอลลีวูดก็ไม่ได้อยู่เฉยๆ แค่ใส่กระโปรงขึ้นพรมแดงหรือไปเล่นหนังรางวัลเท่านั้น แต่บางคน เช่น Anne Hathaway ก้าวเข้ามาอยู่เบื้องหลังระบบอาหารโลกในรูปแบบที่เงียบ…แต่เขย่าพื้นโลกได้เหมือนกัน

ใช่จ้ะ... Anne Hathaway คนเดียวกับที่เฮียเคยเห็นใน The Devil Wears Prada หรือเจ้าหญิง Mia ใน Princess Diaries ได้ลงทุนแบบเอาจริงกับบริษัทเทคโนโลยีอาหารสุดล้ำที่ชื่อว่า The EVERY Company ซึ่งพัฒนาโปรตีนจากไข่ที่ไม่ใช้ไก่ ไม่ต้องมีฟาร์ม ไม่ต้องฟัก และไม่ต้องฟูมฟักศีลธรรมให้สั่นไหวด้วยการฆ่าสัตว์เลยแม้แต่นิดเดียว

ทบทวนกันจากสัปดาห์ที่แล้วครับ The EVERY Company เดิมชื่อ Clara Foods ก่อตั้งในกลางยุค 2010s ณ ใจกลางซิลิคอนวัลเลย์ แหล่งรวมจินตนาการและเงิน VC ที่ไม่รู้จะเอาไปลงกับอะไรดี บริษัทนี้ไม่ได้เลี้ยงไก่ ไม่ได้ใช้ถาดไข่ แต่ใช้ “Precision Fermentation” ซึ่งก็คือการเอา DNA ที่เป็นรหัสของไข่ขาว (Ovalbumin) ไปใส่ในจุลินทรีย์สายพันธุ์เฉพาะ แล้วเลี้ยงด้วยน้ำตาลในถังหมัก สุดท้ายมันก็ผลิตโปรตีนออกมาที่มีโครงสร้าง “เหมือนของจริงเป๊ะ”

มันคือการทำไข่จาก “ยีสต์” ไม่ใช่จาก “แม่ไก่”

การลงทุนของ Anne ครั้งนี้ ถือเป็น B2B investment ครั้งแรกในชีวิต และดูจะไม่ใช่แค่ลงทุนแบบเซ็นเช็คเฉยๆ แล้วไปจิบไวน์ที่คานส์นะ เพราะเธอให้สัมภาษณ์ว่า

“It’s clear that our food system needs a change. EVERY is one part of a beautiful future.” (มันชัดเจนว่าระบบอาหารเราต้องเปลี่ยนแปลง EVERY คือส่วนหนึ่งของอนาคตที่งดงามนั้น)

แม้ไม่มีการเปิดเผยจำนวนเงินหรือสัดส่วนหุ้นอย่างเป็นทางการ แต่สื่ออุตสาหกรรมอาหารอย่าง Food Navigator USA ก็ชี้ว่า เธอเป็นอีกแรงที่ช่วยดันชื่อเสียงของบริษัทให้ “กลายเป็นไวรัล” ในหมู่นักลงทุน และอาจเปิดประตูสู่การยอมรับของตลาดผู้บริโภคได้ในวงกว้าง

The EVERY Company ไม่ได้หวังจะแค่ขาย “ไข่” ในซูเปอร์มาร์เก็ตแบบธรรมดาๆ แต่เริ่ม “แทรกซึม” จากเบื้องหลังในอุตสาหกรรมอาหารอย่างแยบยล จะเปลี่ยนระบบอาหารโดยใช้แนวทาง “B2B only” คือผลิตขายให้เชฟ ร้านอาหาร และโรงงานเท่านั้น (ยังไม่วางจำหน่ายปลีกทั่วไป เพราะบางตัวอย่าง EVERY Egg ยังรอรับรอง GRAS จาก FDA)

เคยมีการร่วมงานกับเชฟมิชลิน Dominique Crenn จากร้าน Atelier Crenn ในนครซานฟรานซิสโก ซึ่งเธอยืนยันว่า EVERY Egg เป็นตัวเปลี่ยนเกม ที่ทำให้เธอสามารถสร้างเมนูใหม่ที่ “ไร้สัตว์” ได้โดยไม่เสียความสร้างสรรค์หรือรสชาติ

แม้ Anne จะไม่มีตำแหน่งในบอร์ดบริหาร แต่การที่เธอลงทุนใน The EVERY Company ทำให้หลายองค์กรจับตามอง และส่งผลต่อภาพลักษณ์ของ “โปรตีนสังเคราะห์จากจุลินทรีย์” ให้ดูหรู ดูสะอาด และเหมาะกับสายสุขภาพ-มังสวิรัติ ทั้งที่จริงๆ แล้ว มันคือ “ผลิตภัณฑ์โรงงานที่ผ่านกระบวนการขั้นสูงมาก”

The EVERY Company ยังได้รับเงินลงทุนจากกลุ่มใหญ่อย่าง Temasek (กองทุนจากสิงคโปร์) และ Prosperity7 Ventures ที่เป็นแขนของ Saudi Aramco ซึ่งก็เป็นอีกประเด็นน่าคิด…ว่าพลังทุนที่อยู่เบื้องหลัง “ไข่ไม่ใช้ไก่” นี้ มาจากหลายทิศหลายทาง ทั้ง Silicon Valley, ตะวันออกกลาง และ Hollywood

การที่ Anne Hathaway ลงทุนใน EVERY ไม่ใช่เรื่องผิด แต่เป็นหมุดหมายที่น่าสนใจในยุคที่ “อาหาร” ไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องอิ่มท้อง แต่กลายเป็นการเมือง วิทยาศาสตร์ เศรษฐกิจ และการสร้างภาพลักษณ์ของคนดังในคราวเดียวกัน

ไข่ที่ไม่มีไก่ โปรตีนที่ไม่มีฟาร์ม…ดูเหมือนจะสวยงาม แต่ถ้าเรามองให้ลึก บางครั้งอาหารก็อาจไม่ใช่เรื่อง “ของกิน” อย่างเดียวอีกต่อไป

เรื่องบางเรื่อง คนในบางสังคม คนในบางกลุ่มเท่านั้น ที่จะมีโอกาสเลือกก่อน กี่ครั้งต่อกี่ครั้ง ก็แบบนี้ครับ #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93

By Carl Tuckerson, Host of “Feelings Before Finance”

Let’s be clear: May Day isn’t for mattress sales—it’s for smashing economic feudalism with a reusable water bottle and a union card.

Trump? Said he loved workers. Then he golfed while nurses rationed gloves. Elon Musk? Thinks labor laws are a nuisance between him and his next ego-fueled space tantrum. Meanwhile, AOC and Bernie are out here like revolutionary fairy godparents, yelling “TAX THE RICH” while sprinkling universal dignity on the masses.

May Day is for the tired. The overworked. The underpaid. And everyone who's ever been told “we’re a family” by a boss who’d fire them via Slack.

Today we rise. Together. Unionized. Moisturized. Ready to seize the means of basic decency.

✊ Happy May Day from Carl Tuckerson. And remember: No billionaire ever made a sandwich.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968502

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Image Toolbox (it's free and open source)
2. Open the app, then go to the Tools tab
3. Select Checksum Tools
4. Navigate to the Compare tab
5. Choose the SHA-256 algorithm
6. Pick the file to verify
7. Enter the expected hash into the Checksum To Compare field
8. A "Match!" message confirms successful verification

@ a19caaa8:88985eaf

これって更新したらタイムラインに流れちゃう？それはいやかも テスト

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

Research out of China; they used ice lithography to fabricate 72 nm patterns on living tardigrades. The wild thing isn’t just that they “tattooed” tardigrades. It’s that tardigrades are so resilient, and focused electron beams so precise, that 40% of them survived and went about their lives after the procedure.

https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2025/april/scientists-have-found-a-way-to-tattoo-tardigrades.html

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968469

@ 57d56d16:458edffd

Kraken

https://www.kraken.com/learn/satoshi-to-usd-converter

CoinCodex

https://coincodex.com/convert/satoshi-sats/usd/1000000/

Coin Guides

https://coinguides.org/satoshi-usd-converter/

BitcoinMagazine

https://bitcoinmagazine.com/satoshi-to-usd-calculator

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968362

@ 4fe14ef2:f51992ec

Hey stackers,

Leave a comment below to share your hustles and wins. Let us know what you've sold this week. Have you sold it for sats or zaps? It doesn't matter how big or small your item is, solid or digital, product or service.

Just share below what you’ve listed, swapped, and sold. Let everyone rave on your latest #deals!

New to ~AGORA? Dive into the marketplace and turn your dusty gears into shiny BTC!

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968324

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install RTranslator (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, allow notifications, and enter a random name (used only for Walkie-Talkie/Conversations)
3. Wait for the translation AI models to download
4. Enjoy offline translations

ℹ️ Internet is only needed for the initial download

ℹ️ The app uses the system's TTS engine (consider open source TTS engines like SherpaTTS for de-googled phones)

@ 34f1ddab:2ca0cf7c

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Why Trust Crypt Recver? 🤝\ 🛠️ Expert Recovery Solutions\ At Crypt Recver, we specialize in resolving some of the most complex wallet-related issues. Our team of skilled engineers has the tools and expertise to tackle:

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🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery\ We understand that time is critical in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems ensure that you can regain access to your funds quickly, aiming for speed without sacrificing security. With a 90%+ success rate, you can trust us to fight against the clock on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority\ Your confidentiality matters. Every recovery session is handled with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest easy, knowing your sensitive information stays private.

💻 Advanced Technology\ Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques allow for maximum efficiency in recovery. No matter how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at getting your crypto back.

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@ 8cda1daa:e9e5bdd8

Bitcoin's blockspace is a free market (and a fee market!)

Each byte bids for inclusion according to the fee it carries, whether that byte represents a coffee payment or an encoded inscription protocol. The current debate over expanding OP_RETURN is a reminder that the ledger does not interpret meaning; it only records weight in bytes and payment in bitcoin fees.

There is no value stored on Bitcoin's ledger other than the literal number of bitcoin units recorded in your UTXO.

That means there is no "digital energy" in there, no dollars, no "store of value," nothing except a number in a database.

When you spend bitcoin, for whatever reason, it is your counterparty that decides what those units are worth. They are free to discriminate them, or you, in any way they can get away with.

They can also attribute extra value to them for any reason: a ticker price on their favorite exchange, a JPG forever attached to the output, a USDT anchor, or a private protocol no one even knows about for a VIP club membership.

All value is subjective, so it is impossible to know the trade value of every transaction merely by looking at block data.

Your counterparty also decides when a trade is settled, not the Bitcoin blockchain. They may agree on one confirmation, or three, or zero... They might require a government‑issued ID or even custody of your first‑born child.

Do not confuse Bitcoin "transactions" with trades; they are only score updates in a database. All of the value is decided by people and made competitive by the open market.

Why OP_RETURN Matters Right Now

Bitcoin offers an 80‑byte OP_RETURN field that lets users write data without polluting the UTXO set. As blockspace demand soared with Ordinals, BRC‑20, and Runes, people began hiding data in taproot leaves and bare multisig outputs, which never get spent and therefore swell the UTXO set, driving up node costs.

Relaxing, or even removing, the 80‑byte cap would invite this data back into a provably unspendable, prunable space; the chain stays neutral - every byte either pays or waits.

Is this the right thing to do? Personally, I don't care. Things are working exactly how everyone should have expected.

How to Think About "Spam" vs "Use"

Fee neutrality: If it pays the market fee, it belongs. By design. Hidden context: You can never fully know the value or trade behind the onchain transaction.

UTXO preservation: Favor prunable data (witness & OP_RETURN) over perpetually unspent outputs.

Censorship fragments the mempool: Policy bans force operators to patch their nodes or run alternate relay networks, creating isolated pools, unreliable fee estimates, and extra burden for wallets that must navigate around invisible gaps.

Takeaway

We have no objective tool for classifying "usefulness" on‑chain. The cleanest rule remains: pay the fee, get the block. If you want a lean UTXO set, widen OP_RETURN and let economics, not censorship, do the pruning.

A Meta Recommendation

Bitcoin Core is the de-facto reference implementation, not the policy police. Any subjective rule, whether it targets memes, stablecoins, transaction flags, or inscriptions, can and should be handled in downstream forks, plug‑ins, or user‑level policy. Node operators already tweak mempool size, relay settings, and script limits to match their own risk models. Pretending they cannot already only muddies the debate.

A sure path to minimizing controversy is to keep Bitcoin Core truly core: compact, predictable, and neutral. Every extra rule adds maintenance overhead and widens the surface for accidental forks. By shipping only what consensus requires and leaving higher‑layer policy to the market, Core Devs protect the common base layer we all rely on, and their own sanity.

Bonus Take: 🌶️ Shrink Blocks, or Repeal Taproot

If a transaction looks like spam to you, the blunt but honest remedy is to cut capacity, not to micromanage content. The four‑megabyte block weight and Taproot's flexible script paths are exactly what unlocked today's wave of inscriptions and tokens. If that bothers you, push to shrink the block size or even roll back Taproot and own the trade‑offs. Anything else is selective outrage dressed up as policy.

(NOTE: I do not support any current fork or mempool policy proposals.)

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

clients #list #descentralismo #english #article #finalversion

*These clients are generally applications on the Nostr network that allow you to use the same account, regardless of the app used, keeping your messages and profile intact.

**However, you may need to meet certain requirements regarding access and account NIP for some clients, so that you can access them securely and use their features correctly.

---

CLIENTS

---

Twitter like

• Nostrmo - [source] 🌐🤖🍎💻(🐧🪟🍎)
• Coracle - Super App [source] 🌐
• Amethyst - Super App with note edit, delete and other stuff with Tor [source] 🤖
• Primal - Social and wallet [source] 🌐🤖🍎
• Iris - [source] 🌐🤖🍎
• Current - [source] 🤖🍎
• FreeFrom 🤖🍎
• Openvibe - Nostr and others (new Plebstr) [source] 🤖🍎
• Snort 🌐(🤖[early access]) [source]
• Damus 🍎 [source]
• Nos 🍎 [source]
• Nostur 🍎 [source]
• NostrBand 🌐 [info] [source]
• Yana 🤖🍎🌐💻(🐧) [source]
• Nostribe [on development] 🌐 [source]
• Lume 💻(🐧🪟🍎) [info] [source]
• Gossip - [source] 💻(🐧🪟🍎)
• Camelus [early access] 🤖 [source]

---

Communities

• noStrudel - Gamified Experience [info] 🌐
• Nostr Kiwi [creator] 🌐
• Satellite [info] 🌐
• Soapbox - Comunnity server [info] [source] 🌐
• Ditto - Soapbox comunnity server 🌐 [source] 🌐
• Cobrafuma - Nostr brazilian community on Ditto [info] 🌐
• Zapddit - Reddit like [source] 🌐
• Voyage (Reddit like) [on development] 🤖

---

Wiki

• Wikifreedia [source] 🌐
• Wikinostr [source] 🌐
• Wikistr [info] [source] 🌐

---

Search

• Advanced nostr search - Advanced note search by isolated terms related to a npub profile [source] 🌐
• Nos Today - Global note search by isolated terms [info] [source] 🌐
• Nostr Search Engine - API for Nostr clients [source]

---

Website

• Npub pro - Your site on Nostr [source]

---

App Store

ZapStore - Permitionless App Store [source]

---

Audio and Video Transmission

• Nostr Nests - Audio Chats 🌐 [info]
• Fountain - Podcast 🤖🍎 [info]
• ZapStream - Live streaming 🌐 [info]
• Corny Chat - Audio Chat 🌐 [info]

---

Video Streaming

• Flare - Youtube like 🌐 [source]

---

Music

• Tidal - Music Streaming [source] [about] [info] 🤖🍎🌐
• Wavlake - Music Streaming [source] 🌐(🤖🍎 [early access])
• Tunestr - Musical Events [source] [about] 🌐
• Stemstr - Musical Colab (paid to post) [source] [about] 🌐

---

Images

• Pinstr - Pinterest like [source]
• Slidestr (DeviantArt like) 🌐 [source]
• Memestr - ifunny like [source] 🌐

---

Download and Upload

• DTAN - Distributed Torrent Archive on Nostr [info] [source] 🌐

---

Documents, graphics and tables

• Mindstr - Mind maps 🌐
• Docstr - Share Docs [info] [source] 🌐
• Formstr - Share Forms [info] 🌐
• Sheetstr - Share Spreadsheets [source] 🌐
• Slide Maker - Share slides [source] 🌐

---

Health

• Sobrkey - Sobriety and overcoming addictions [source] 🌐
• NosFabrica - Finding Ways for Your Own Health Data 🌐
• LazerEyes - Eye prescription by DM [source] 🌐

---

Forum

• OddBean - Hacker News like [info] [source] 🌐
• LowEnt - Forum [info] 🌐
• Swarmstr - Q&A / FAQ [info] 🌐
• Staker News - Hacker News like 🌐 [info]

---

Direct Messenges (DM)

• 0xchat 🤖🍎 [source]
• Nostr Chat 🌐🍎 [source]
• Blowater 🌐 [source]
• Anigma (new nostrgram) - Telegram based [on development] [source]
• Keychat - Signal based [🤖🍎 on development] [source]

---

Reading

• Highlighter - Insights with a highlighted read 🌐 [info]
• Zephyr - Calming to Read 🌐 [info]
• Flycat - Clean and Healthy Feed [info] 🌐
• Nosta - Check Profiles [on development] 🌐 [info]
• Alexandria - e-Reader and Nostr Knowledge Base (NKB) [source] 🌐

---

Writing

• Habla - Blog [info] 🌐
• Blogstack - Blog [info]🌐
• YakiHonne - Articles and News [info] 🤖🍎🌐

---

Lists

• Following - Users list [source] 🌐
• Listr - Lists [source] 🌐
• Nostr potatoes - Movies List source 💻(numpy)

---

Market and Jobs

• Shopstr - Buy and Sell [source] 🌐
• Nostr Market - Buy and Sell 🌐
• Plebeian Market - Buy and Sell [source] 🌐
• Ostrich Work - Jobs [source] 🌐
• Nostrocket - Jobs [source] 🌐

---

Data Vending Machines - DVM (NIP90)

(Data-processing tools)

• Noogle - [source] 🌐
• Vendata - [source] 🌐
• TaskTiger 🌐
• Malware DVMs 🌐

---

AI

• PlebAI - Text and Image [souce] 🌐🤖🍎 [currently with errors]

---

Games

• Chesstr - Chess 🌐 [source]
• Jestr - Chess [source] 🌐
• Snakestr - Snake game [source] 🌐
• DEG Mods - Decentralized Game Mods [info] [source] 🌐

---

Customization

• Emojito - Send Funny Stickers to React 🌐 [creator]

---

Like other Services

• Olas - Instagram like [source] 🤖🍎🌐
• Nostree - Linktree like 🌐
• Rabbit - TweetDeck like [info] 🌐
• Zaplinks - Nostr links 🌐
• Omeglestr - Omegle-like Random Chats [source] 🌐

---

General Uses

• Njump - HTML text gateway source 🌐
• Filestr - HTML midia gateway [source] 🌐
• W3 - Nostr URL shortener [source] 🌐
• Playground - Test Nostr filters [source] 🌐
• Spring - Browser 🌐

---

Places

• Wherostr - Travel and show where you are
• Arc Map (Mapstr) - Bitcoin Map [info]

---

Driver and Delivery

• RoadRunner - Uber like [on development] ⏱️
• Arcade City - Uber like [on development] ⏱️ [info]
• Nostrlivery - iFood like [on development] ⏱️

---

OTHER STUFF

---

Lightning Wallets (zap)

• Alby - Native and extension [info] 🌐
• ZBD - Gaming and Social [info] 🤖🍎
• Wallet of Satoshi [info] 🤖🍎
• Minibits - Cashu mobile wallet [info] 🤖
• Blink - Opensource custodial wallet (KYC over 1000 usd) [source] 🤖🍎
• LNbits - App and extesion [source] 🤖🍎💻
• Zeus - [info] [source] 🤖🍎

---

Exchange

• Mostro - P2P lightning exchange on Nostr [info] 🌐
• Emptio - Bitcoin P2P on Nostr [on development]

---

Media Server (Upload Links)

audio, image and video

• Nostr Build - [source] 🌐
• Nostr Check - [info] [source] 🌐
• NostPic - [source] 🌐
• Sovbit 🌐
• Voidcat - [source] 🌐

Without Nip: - Pomf - Upload larger videos [source] - Catbox - [source] - x0 - [source]

---

Donation and payments

• Zapper - Easy Zaps [source] 🌐
• Autozap [source] 🌐
• Zapmeacoffee 🌐
• Nostr Zap 💻(numpy)
• Creatr - Creators subscription 🌐
• Geyzer - Crowdfunding [info] [source] 🌐
• Heya! - Crowdfunding [source]

---

Security

• Secret Border - Generate offline keys 💻(java)
• Umbrel - Your private relay [source] 🌐

---

Extensions

• Nos2x - Account access keys 🌐
• Nsec.app 🌐 [info]
• Lume - [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎
• Satcom - Share files to discuss - [info] 🌐
• KeysBand - Multi-key signing [source] 🌐

---

Code

• Nostrify - Share Nostr Frameworks 🌐
• Git Workshop (github like) [experimental] 🌐
• Gitstr (github like) [on development] ⏱️
• Osty [on development] [info] 🌐
• Python Nostr - Python Library for Nostr

---

Relay Check and Cloud

• Nostr Watch - See your relay speed 🌐
• NosDrive - Nostr Relay that saves to Google Drive

---

Bidges and Getways

• Matrixtr Bridge - Between Matrix & Nostr
• Mostr - Between Nostr & Fediverse
• Nostrss - RSS to Nostr
• Rsslay - Optimized RSS to Nostr [source]
• Atomstr - RSS/Atom to Nostr [source]

---

NOT RELATED TO NOSTR

---

Android Keyboards

• Futo - Gboard like [source]
• Florisboard - [source]
• Heliboard - Openboard based [source]

---

Personal notes and texts

• Joplin - privacy-focused note taking app with sync capabilities [source] 📱(🤖🍎) - 💻 (🐧🪟🍎)

---

Front-ends

• Nitter - Twitter / X without your data [source]
• NewPipe - Youtube, Peertube and others, without account & your data [source] 🤖
• Piped - Youtube web without you data [source] 🌐

---

Other Services

• Brave - Browser [source]
• DuckDuckGo - Search [source]
• LLMA - Meta - Meta open source AI [source]
• DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source]
• Proton Mail - Mail [source]

Other open source index: Degoogled Apps

---

Some other Nostr index on:

Nostr Apps | Nostorg | Awesome Nostr

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Design and build chemical processes, better. Alkali is creating the world's first AI Process Engineer.

What the future of chemical process design should look like.

Under the hood, APE-0 uses tried-and-true open-source packages to run simulations. You don't have to trust that the LLM predicted the result — you can check out the simulation file it produced, and run it yourself!

Discover more at https://www.alkali-eng.com/blogs/introducing-fel-0

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968211

@ 52b4a076:e7fad8bd

Introduction

Me and Fishcake have been working on infrastructure for Noswhere and Nostr.build. Part of this involves processing a large amount of Nostr events for features such as search, analytics, and feeds.

I have been recently developing nosdex v3, a newer version of the Noswhere scraper that is designed for maximum performance and fault tolerance using FoundationDB (FDB).

Fishcake has been working on a processing system for Nostr events to use with NB, based off of Cloudflare (CF) Pipelines, which is a relatively new beta product. This evening, we put it all to the test.

First preparations

We set up a new CF Pipelines endpoint, and I implemented a basic importer that took data from the nosdex database. This was quite slow, as it did HTTP requests synchronously, but worked as a good smoke test.

Asynchronous indexing

I implemented a high-contention queue system designed for highly parallel indexing operations, built using FDB, that supports: - Fully customizable batch sizes - Per-index queues - Hundreds of parallel consumers - Automatic retry logic using lease expiration

When the scraper first gets an event, it will process it and eventually write it to the blob store and FDB. Each new event is appended to the event log.

On the indexing side, a Queuer will read the event log, and batch events (usually 2K-5K events) into one work job. This work job contains: - A range in the log to index - Which target this job is intended for - The size of the job and some other metadata

Each job has an associated leasing state, which is used to handle retries and prioritization, and ensure no duplication of work.

Several Workers monitor the index queue (up to 128) and wait for new jobs that are available to lease.

Once a suitable job is found, the worker acquires a lease on the job and reads the relevant events from FDB and the blob store.

Depending on the indexing type, the job will be processed in one of a number of ways, and then marked as completed or returned for retries.

In this case, the event is also forwarded to CF Pipelines.

Trying it out

The first attempt did not go well. I found a bug in the high-contention indexer that led to frequent transaction conflicts. This was easily solved by correcting an incorrectly set parameter.

We also found there were other issues in the indexer, such as an insufficient amount of threads, and a suspicious decrease in the speed of the Queuer during processing of queued jobs.

Along with fixing these issues, I also implemented other optimizations, such as deprioritizing Worker DB accesses, and increasing the batch size.

To fix the degraded Queuer performance, I ran the backfill job by itself, and then started indexing after it had completed.

Bottlenecks, bottlenecks everywhere

After implementing these fixes, there was an interesting problem: The DB couldn't go over 80K reads per second. I had encountered this limit during load testing for the scraper and other FDB benchmarks.

As I suspected, this was a client thread limitation, as one thread seemed to be using high amounts of CPU. To overcome this, I created a new client instance for each Worker.

After investigating, I discovered that the Go FoundationDB client cached the database connection. This meant all attempts to create separate DB connections ended up being useless.

Using OpenWithConnectionString partially resolved this issue. (This also had benefits for service-discovery based connection configuration.)

To be able to fully support multi-threading, I needed to enabled the FDB multi-client feature. Enabling it also allowed easier upgrades across DB versions, as FDB clients are incompatible across versions:

FDB_NETWORK_OPTION_EXTERNAL_CLIENT_LIBRARY="/lib/libfdb_c.so" FDB_NETWORK_OPTION_CLIENT_THREADS_PER_VERSION="16"

Breaking the 100K/s reads barrier

After implementing support for the multi-threaded client, we were able to get over 100K reads per second.

You may notice after the restart (gap) the performance dropped. This was caused by several bugs: 1. When creating the CF Pipelines endpoint, we did not specify a region. The automatically selected region was far away from the server. 2. The amount of shards were not sufficient, so we increased them. 3. The client overloaded a few HTTP/2 connections with too many requests.

I implemented a feature to assign each Worker its own HTTP client, fixing the 3rd issue. We also moved the entire storage region to West Europe to be closer to the servers.

After these changes, we were able to easily push over 200K reads/s, mostly limited by missing optimizations:

It's shards all the way down

While testing, we also noticed another issue: At certain times, a pipeline would get overloaded, stalling requests for seconds at a time. This prevented all forward progress on the Workers.

We solved this by having multiple pipelines: A primary pipeline meant to be for standard load, with moderate batching duration and less shards, and high-throughput pipelines with more shards.

Each Worker is assigned a pipeline on startup, and if one pipeline stalls, other workers can continue making progress and saturate the DB.

The stress test

After making sure everything was ready for the import, we cleared all data, and started the import.

The entire import lasted 20 minutes between 01:44 UTC and 02:04 UTC, reaching a peak of: - 0.25M requests per second - 0.6M keys read per second - 140MB/s reads from DB - 2Gbps of network throughput

FoundationDB ran smoothly during this test, with: - Read times under 2ms - Zero conflicting transactions - No overloaded servers

CF Pipelines held up well, delivering batches to R2 without any issues, while reaching its maximum possible throughput.

Finishing notes

Me and Fishcake have been building infrastructure around scaling Nostr, from media, to relays, to content indexing. We consistently work on improving scalability, resiliency and stability, even outside these posts.

Many things, including what you see here, are already a part of Nostr.build, Noswhere and NFDB, and many other changes are being implemented every day.

If you like what you are seeing, and want to integrate it, get in touch. :)

If you want to support our work, you can zap this post, or register for nostr.land and nostr.build today.

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Zur Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wurde infolge der Auswirkungen des 2. Weltkriegs auf einem Teil des ehemaligen Deutschen Reiches (nicht des 3. Reiches!) auf Initiative der westlichen Alliierten, federführend die USA als stärkste Kraft, eine  demokratische Grundordnung erarbeitet, die wir als das Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland kennen und schätzen gelernt haben. Da man zum damaligen Zeitpunkt, im Gegensatz zu heute, noch sehr genau mit der Sprache war, hat das Wort „für“ größere Bedeutung, als ihm heute zugesprochen wird. Hätte der unter westlich-alliierter Besatzung stehende Rumpf des Deutschen Reiches eigenständig eine Verfassung erstellen können, wäre es nicht Grundgesetz (das laut Definition einen provisorischen Charakter hat) genannt worden, sondern eben Verfassung. Und hätte diese Verfassung eigenständig erarbeitet werden können, hätte sie geheißen: Verfassung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Es heißt zum Beispiel auch: Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana. also Konstitution der Republik Italien, und nicht Costituzione per La Repubblica Italiana.

Es ist nachvollziehbar, dass die Bedenken der westlichen Alliierten aufgrund der Nazi-Zeit so groß waren, dass man den „Deutschen“ nicht zutraute, selbständig eine Verfassung zu erstellen.

Zum vorbeugenden Schutz, es sollte verunmöglicht werden, dass ein Regime noch einmal in der Lage sei, die Macht zu ergreifen, wurde als Kontrollinstanz der Verfassungsschutz gegründet. Dieser ist dem Innenministerium gegenüber weisungsgebunden. Die jüngste Aussage, auf den letzten Metern der Innenministerin Faeser, der Verfassungsschutz sei selbständig, ist eine manipulative Beschreibung, die davon ablenken soll, dass das Innenministerium dem Verfassungsschutz sehr wohl übergeordnet ist. Das Wort „selbständig“ soll Eigenständigkeit vorgaukeln, hat aber in der Hierarchie keinerlei Bedeutung.

Im Jahre 1949 herrschte ein anderer Zeitgeist. Werte wie Ehrlichkeit, Redlichkeit und Anständigkeit hatten noch eine andere Bedeutung als heute. Politiker waren noch von einem anderen Schlag und hatten weitgehend den Anspruch zum Wohle des Volkes zu entscheiden und zu handeln. Diese Werte reichten noch mindestens bis in das Agieren des Bundeskanzlers Helmut Schmidt hinein.

Niemand konnte sich deshalb zum damaligen Zeitpunkt vorstellen, dass dieser eigentlich als Kontrollinstanz gedachte Verfassungsschutz einmal von der Politik missbraucht werden könnte, um oppositionelle Kräfte auszuschalten zu versuchen, wie es mit der Einstufung der AfD als gesichert rechtsextrem geschehen ist. Rechtlich hat das noch keine Konsequenzen, aber es geht in erster Linie darum, dem Image der AfD zu schaden, um weiteren Zulauf zu verhindern. Diese Art von Durchtriebenheit kam in den Gedanken und dem Ehrgefühl der damals verantwortlichen Politiker noch nicht vor.

Die ehemaligen Volksparteien, man kann auch sagen, die Alt-Parteien, sehen ihre Felle schon seit einiger Zeit davonschwimmen. Die Opposition hat derzeit die Zustimmung einer ehemaligen Volkspartei überholt und ist sogar stärkste Kraft geworden. Sie repräsentiert aktuell rund 10 Millionen der Wähler. Tendenz steigend. Und das die folglich auch gesichert rechtsextrem gewählt haben, oder gar gesichert rechtsextrem sind, wird ihnen vielleicht nicht besonders schmeicheln.

Parallel dazu haben die Alt-Parteien die Medienlandschaft gekapert und versuchen mit Einschränkungen der Meinungsfreiheit, sofern sich Kritik gegen sie richtet und durch selbstermächtigte Entscheidung über das, was Wahrheit und Lüge ist, unliebsame Stimmen mundtot zu machen, um unter allen Umständen an der Macht zu bleiben.

Diese Vorgehensweise widerspricht dem demokratischen Verständnis, das aus dem, wenn auch „nur“ Grundgesetz, statt Verfassung, hervorgeht und die Nachkriegsgenerationen im besten Sinne beeinflusst und demokratisch geprägt hat.

Aus dieser Sicht können die Aktivitäten der Alt-Parteien nur als Angriff auf die Demokratie, wie sie diese Generationen verstehen, gesehen werden.

Daher führt jeder Angriff der Alt-Parteien auf die Demokratie dazu, dass die Opposition immer mehr an Stimmen gewinnt und wohl weiterhin gewinnen wird.

Es erschließt sich nicht, warum die Alt-Parteien nicht auf die denkbar einfachste Lösung kommen, Vertrauen in ihre Politik zurückzugewinnen, in dem sie eine Politik machen würden, die dem Willen der Bürger entspricht. Mit dem Gegenteil machen sich die Volksvertreter zu Vertretern ohne den Rückhalt vom Volk, und man muss sich fragen, wessen Interessen sie derzeit wirklich vertreten. Bestenfalls die eigenen, schlimmstenfalls die des global agierenden Tiefen Staates, der ihnen ins Ohr flüstert, was sie zu tun haben.

Mit jeder vernunftbegabten Entscheidung, die dem Willen des Souveräns entspräche, würden sie die Opposition zunehmend schwächen. Da dies nicht geschieht, kann man nur zu der Schlussfolgerung kommen, dass sich hier auch selbstzerstörerische, suizidale Kräfte festgesetzt haben. Es ist wie eine Sucht, von der man nicht mehr loslassen kann.

Solange die Alt-Parteien nicht in der Lage sind, die Unzufriedenheit in der Bevölkerung wahr- und ernst zu nehmen, werden sie die Opposition stärken und zu immer rigideren Maßnahmen greifen müssen, um ihre Macht zu erhalten und sich damit immer mehr von demokratischen Verhältnissen entfernen, und zwar genau in die Richtung vor der die Alt-Parteien in ihrer ideologischen Verirrung warnen.

Seitens der Opposition gibt es in der Gesamtschau keine Anzeichen dafür, dass die Demokratie abgeschafft werden soll, im Gegenteil, es wird für mehr Bürgerbeteiligung plädiert, was ein sicheres Merkmal für demokratische Absichten ist.

Aus Sicht der Alt-Parteien macht die Brandmauer Sinn, weil sie sie vor ihrem eigenen Machtverlust schützt. Der Fall der Berliner Mauer sollte ihnen eigentlich eine Warnung sein.

Fairerweise darf nicht unterschlagen werden, dass es in der Opposition einige Verirrte gibt, wobei noch interessant wäre zu erfahren, welche davon als V-Männer des Verfassungsschutzes eingeschleust wurden. Diese jedoch zum Anlass zu nehmen, die Opposition unter Generalverdacht zu stellen, steht einem demokratischen Handeln diametral entgegen.

Das Grundgesetz wird so nicht geschützt, sondern bis kurz vor der Sollbruchstelle verbogen.

Die Einstufung der Opposition als gesichert rechts-extrem beruht auf einem mutmaßlich 1000 Seiten starken Papier, das offensichtlich nur ein erlesener Kreis zu sehen bekommen soll. Dazu gehört nicht die Bevölkerung, die sicher nur einmal mehr nicht zu Teilen verunsichert werden soll. Und selbstverständlich schon gar nicht diejenigen, die es betrifft, nämlich die Opposition.

Eine eindeutige Fragwürdigkeit der Aktivitäten des Verfassungsschutzes wäre schwerer festzustellen, wenn es gleichwohl Parteien gäbe, die als gesichert links-extrem oder zumindest als links-extremer Verdachtsfall eingestuft würden. Nicht ganz unberechtigte Gründe hierfür könnten schon gefunden werden, wenn der politische Wille es wollte.

Auch die seltsam-umstrittene Installierung des Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Verfassungsschutz (genau genommen für Grundgesetzschutz) lässt Fragen offen.

Generell müsste es eine unabhängige Überprüfung geben, ob die Gewaltenteilung in Deutschland noch gewährleistet ist, da es durch das augenscheinliche Zusammenspiel in der Richterschaft, der Gesetzgebung und der vierten Gewalt, den Medien, Anlass zu Zweifel gibt.

Diese Zweifel sind nicht demokratiegefährdend, sondern im Gegenteil, es ist demokratische Pflicht, den Verantwortlichen kritisch auf die Finger zu schauen, ob im Sinne des Souveräns entschieden und gehandelt wird. Zweifel könnte man dadurch ausräumen, in dem eindeutig bewiesen würde, das alles seine Richtigkeit hat.

Das wäre vornehmlich die Aufgabe der Alt-Medien, die derzeit durch Totalversagen glänzen, weil alles mit allem zusammenhängt, jeder jeden kennt und man es sich über Jahre so eingerichtet hat, dass man gerne unter sich bleibt und Pöstchen-Hüpfen von einem Lager ins andere spielt.

Vielleicht ist es sogar nötig, dass zur unabhängigen Überprüfung, die Alliierten, inklusive Russland, noch einmal, nach rund 80 Jahren, auf den Plan gerufen werden müssen, um sozusagen eine Zwischenbilanz zu ziehen, inwieweit sich das einst etablierte, demokratische System bewährt hat, und ob es derzeit noch im ursprünglichen Sinne umgesetzt und gelebt wird. Es ist anzunehmen, dass hier ein gewaltiges Optimierungspotenzial zum Vorschein kommen könnte.

Viele Bürger in Deutschland haben den Wunsch, wieder in einer Demokratie zu leben, die ihre Namen auch verdient hat. Sie wollen wieder frei ihre Meinung jeglicher Art aussprechen können, miteinander diskutieren, auch einmal Unsinn reden, ohne, dass sie der Blockwart gleich bei einem Denunzierungsportal anschwärzt, oder sie Gefahr laufen, dass ihr Konto gekündigt wird, oder sie morgens um 6 Uhr Besuch bekommen, der noch nicht einmal frische Semmeln mitbringt.

Dieser Artikel wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben

* *

(Bild von pixabay)

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install SherpaTTS (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and download the first AI model for your language (see recommendations below)
3. Tap the + icon below the language selection to add more models
4. Enjoy offline text-to-speech synthesis

Model Recommendations

• English: en_US-ryan-medium
• Chinese: zh-CN-huayan-medium
• German: de_DE-thorsten-medium
• Spanish: es_ES-sharvard-medium
• Portuguese: pt_BR-faber-medium
• French: fr_FR-tom-medium
• Dutch: nl_BE-rdh-medium
• Russian: ru_RU-dmitri-medium
• Arabic: ar-JO-kareem-medium
• Romanian: ro_RO-mihai-medium
• Bulgarian: bg-cv
• Turkish: tr_TR-fahrettin-medium

ℹ️ An internet connection is only needed for the initial download

ℹ️ You can use TTS Util to read text and files aloud

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

The mystical d attribute in SVG paths is actually a series of small commands. In this guide, we'll take a look at each path command and how we can use them to draw icons. Read more at https://www.nan.fyi/svg-paths

I you'd like to learn Interactive SVG Animations, here a text-based mini-course on making whimsical, playful SVG animations https://www.svg-animations.how/

credits: @nandafyi

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968195

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

credits: @rubenslp

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/968189

@ 069c4a92:ce7df3ed

The Flash USDT Generator is responsible for producing and storing Flash USDT tokens with a flexible daily limit. It ensures a consistent supply of tokens for transactions while managing distribution securely and efficiently. Our Flash USDT offers a unique, temporary cryptocurrency that lasts for 90 days before expiring. This innovative solution allows for seamlesstrading and transferring of funds. Notably, the Flash Bitcoin and USDT can be transferred to 12 different wallets, including prominent platforms like Binance and Trust Wallet.

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Kindly visit globalfashexperts.com for more information Contact Information For more information or to make a purchase, please contact us through the following channels:

Email: globalfashexperts@gmail.com Flash USDT:https://globalfashexperts.com/product/flash-usdt/ Flash USDT: https://globalfashexperts.com/product/flash-usdt-generator-software/The Flash USDT Generator is responsible for producing and storing Flash USDT tokens with a flexible daily limit. It ensures a consistent supply of tokens for transactions while managing distribution securely and efficiently. Our Flash USDT offers a unique, temporary cryptocurrency that lasts for 90 days before expiring. This innovative solution allows for seamlesstrading and transferring of funds. Notably, the Flash Bitcoin and USDT can be transferred to 12 different wallets, including prominent platforms like Binance and Trust Wallet.

Features

1. Adjustable Daily Limit: Customizable settings allow for modifying the token generation cap.
2. Automated Distribution: Ensures quick and secure token transfers to user wallets.
3. Minimal Latency: Prevents blockchain congestion issues for seamless transfers.
4. Real-Time Transaction Verification: Each transaction is immediately verified on the respective blockchain explorer to confirm accuracy and validity.
5. Temporary Nature: One of the most distinctive characteristics of USDT FLASH Generator is that it generates flash coin that is designed to disappear from any wallet after a period of ninety days. This unique feature ensures that any assets received in USDT FLASH will not linger indefinitely, creating a dynamic and engaging transaction experience.

Kindly visit globalfashexperts.com for more information

Contact Information

For more information or to make a purchase, please contact us through the following channels:

• Email: globalfashexperts@gmail.com
• Flash USDT:https://globalfashexperts.com/product/flash-usdt/
• Flash USDT: https://globalfashexperts.com/product/flash-usdt-generator-software/

@ 21335073:a244b1ad

Please respect Virginia Giuffre’s memory by refraining from asking about the circumstances or theories surrounding her passing.

Since Virginia Giuffre’s death, I’ve reflected on what she would want me to say or do. This piece is my attempt to honor her legacy.

When I first spoke with Virginia, I was struck by her unshakable hope. I had grown cynical after years in the anti-human trafficking movement, worn down by a broken system and a government that often seemed complicit. But Virginia’s passion, creativity, and belief that survivors could be heard reignited something in me. She reminded me of my younger, more hopeful self. Instead of warning her about the challenges ahead, I let her dream big, unburdened by my own disillusionment. That conversation changed me for the better, and following her lead led to meaningful progress.

Virginia was one of the bravest people I’ve ever known. As a survivor of Epstein, Maxwell, and their co-conspirators, she risked everything to speak out, taking on some of the world’s most powerful figures.

She loved when I said, “Epstein isn’t the only Epstein.” This wasn’t just about one man—it was a call to hold all abusers accountable and to ensure survivors find hope and healing.

The Epstein case often gets reduced to sensational details about the elite, but that misses the bigger picture. Yes, we should be holding all of the co-conspirators accountable, we must listen to the survivors’ stories. Their experiences reveal how predators exploit vulnerabilities, offering lessons to prevent future victims.

You’re not powerless in this fight. Educate yourself about trafficking and abuse—online and offline—and take steps to protect those around you. Supporting survivors starts with small, meaningful actions. Free online resources can guide you in being a safe, supportive presence.

When high-profile accusations arise, resist snap judgments. Instead of dismissing survivors as “crazy,” pause to consider the trauma they may be navigating. Speaking out or coping with abuse is never easy. You don’t have to believe every claim, but you can refrain from attacking accusers online.

Society also fails at providing aftercare for survivors. The government, often part of the problem, won’t solve this. It’s up to us. Prevention is critical, but when abuse occurs, step up for your loved ones and community. Protect the vulnerable. it’s a challenging but a rewarding journey.

If you’re contributing to Nostr, you’re helping build a censorship resistant platform where survivors can share their stories freely, no matter how powerful their abusers are. Their voices can endure here, offering strength and hope to others. This gives me great hope for the future.

Virginia Giuffre’s courage was a gift to the world. It was an honor to know and serve her. She will be deeply missed. My hope is that her story inspires others to take on the powerful.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install PocketPal (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, open the menu, and navigate to Models
3. Download one or more models (e.g. Phi, Llama, Qwen)
4. Once downloaded, tap Load to start chatting

ℹ️ Experiment with different models and their quantizations (Q4, Q6, Q8, etc.) to find the most suitable one

@ 1c19eb1a:e22fb0bc

I am happy to present to you the first full review posted to Nostr Reviews: #Primal for #Android!

Primal has its origins as a micro-blogging, social media client, though it is now expanding its horizons into long-form content. It was first released only as a web client in March of 2023, but has since had a native client released for both iOS and Android. All of Primal's clients recently had an update to Primal 2.0, which included both performance improvements and a number of new features. This review will focus on the Android client specifically, both on phone and tablet.

Since Primal has also added features that are only available to those enrolled in their new premium subscription, it should also be noted that this review will be from the perspective of a free user. This is for two reasons. First, I am using an alternate npub to review the app, and if I were to purchase premium at some time in the future, it would be on my main npub. Second, despite a lot of positive things I have to say about Primal, I am not planning to regularly use any of their apps on my main account for the time being, for reasons that will be discussed later in the review.

The application can be installed through the Google Play Store, nostr:npub10r8xl2njyepcw2zwv3a6dyufj4e4ajx86hz6v4ehu4gnpupxxp7stjt2p8, or by downloading it directly from Primal's GitHub. The full review is current as of Primal Android version 2.0.21. Updates to the review on 4/30/2025 are current as of version 2.2.13.

In the ecosystem of "notes and other stuff," Primal is predominantly in the "notes" category. It is geared toward users who want a social media experience similar to Twitter or Facebook with an infinite scrolling feed of notes to interact with. However, there is some "other stuff" included to complement this primary focus on short and long form notes including a built-in Lightning wallet powered by #Strike, a robust advanced search, and a media-only feed.

Overall Impression

Score: 4.4 / 5 (Updated 4/30/2025)

Primal may well be the most polished UI of any Nostr client native to Android. It is incredibly well designed and thought out, with all of the icons and settings in the places a user would expect to find them. It is also incredibly easy to get started on Nostr via Primal's sign-up flow. The only two things that will be foreign to new users are the lack of any need to set a password or give an email address, and the prompt to optionally set up the wallet.

Complaints prior to the 2.0 update about Primal being slow and clunky should now be completely alleviated. I only experienced quick load times and snappy UI controls with a couple very minor exceptions, or when loading DVM-based feeds, which are outside of Primal's control.

Primal is not, however, a client that I would recommend for the power-user. Control over preferred relays is minimal and does not allow the user to determine which relays they write to and which they only read from. Though you can use your own wallet, it will not appear within the wallet interface, which only works with the custodial wallet from Strike. Moreover, and most eggregiously, the only way for existing users to log in is by pasting their nsec, as Primal does not support either the Android signer or remote signer options for users to protect their private key at this time. This lack of signer support is the primary reason the client received such a low overall score. If even one form of external signer log in is added to Primal, the score will be amended to 4.2 / 5, and if both Android signer and remote signer support is added, it will increase to 4.5.

Update: As of version 2.2.13, Primal now supports the Amber Android signer! One of the most glaring issues with the app has now been remedied and as promised, the overall score above has been increased.

Another downside to Primal is that it still utilizes an outdated direct message specification that leaks metadata that can be readily seen by anyone on the network. While the content of your messages remains encrypted, anyone can see who you are messaging with, and when. This also means that you will not see any DMs from users who are messaging from a client that has moved to the latest, and far more private, messaging spec.

That said, the beautiful thing about Nostr as a protocol is that users are not locked into any particular client. You may find Primal to be a great client for your average #bloomscrolling and zapping memes, but opt for a different client for more advanced uses and for direct messaging.

Features

Primal has a lot of features users would expect from any Nostr client that is focused on short-form notes, but it also packs in a lot of features that set it apart from other clients, and that showcase Primal's obvious prioritization of a top-tier user experience.

Home Feed

By default, the infinitely scrolling Home feed displays notes from those you currently follow in chronological order. This is traditional Nostr at its finest, and made all the more immersive by the choice to have all distracting UI elements quickly hide themselves from view as the you begin to scroll down the feed. They return just as quickly when you begin to scroll back up.

Scrolling the feed is incredibly fast, with no noticeable choppiness and minimal media pop-in if you are on a decent internet connection.

Helpfully, it is easy to get back to the top of the feed whenever there is a new post to be viewed, as a bubble will appear with the profile pictures of the users who have posted since you started scrolling.

Interacting With Notes

Interacting with a note in the feed can be done via the very recognizable icons at the bottom of each post. You can comment, zap, like, repost, and/or bookmark the note.

Notably, tapping on the zap icon will immediately zap the note your default amount of sats, making zapping incredibly fast, especially when using the built-in wallet. Long pressing on the zap icon will open up a menu with a variety of amounts, along with the ability to zap a custom amount. All of these amounts, and the messages that are sent with the zap, can be customized in the application settings.

Users who are familiar with Twitter or Instagram will feel right at home with only having one option for "liking" a post. However, users from Facebook or other Nostr clients may wonder why they don't have more options for reactions. This is one of those things where users who are new to Nostr probably won't notice they are missing out on anything at all, while users familiar with clients like #Amethyst or #noStrudel will miss the ability to react with a 🤙 or a 🫂.

It's a similar story with the bookmark option. While this is a nice bit of feature parity for Twitter users, for those already used to the ability to have multiple customized lists of bookmarks, or at minimum have the ability to separate them into public and private, it may be a disappointment that they have no access to the bookmarks they already built up on other clients. Primal offers only one list of bookmarks for short-form notes and they are all visible to the public. However, you are at least presented with a warning about the public nature of your bookmarks before saving your first one.

Yet, I can't dock the Primal team much for making these design choices, as they are understandable for Primal's goal of being a welcoming client for those coming over to Nostr from centralized platforms. They have optimized for the onboarding of new users, rather than for those who have been around for a while, and there is absolutely nothing wrong with that.

Post Creation

Composing posts in Primal is as simple as it gets. Accessed by tapping the obvious circular button with a "+" on it in the lower right of the Home feed, most of what you could need is included in the interface, and nothing you don't.

Your device's default keyboard loads immediately, and the you can start typing away.

There are options for adding images from your gallery, or taking a picture with your camera, both of which will result in the image being uploaded to Primal's media-hosting server. If you prefer to host your media elsewhere, you can simply paste the link to that media into your post.

There is also an @ icon as a tip-off that you can tag other users. Tapping on this simply types "@" into your note and brings up a list of users. All you have to do to narrow down the user you want to tag is continue typing their handle, Nostr address, or paste in their npub.

This can get mixed results in other clients, which sometimes have a hard time finding particular users when typing in their handle, forcing you to have to remember their Nostr address or go hunt down their npub by another means. Not so with Primal, though. I had no issues tagging anyone I wanted by simply typing in their handle.

Of course, when you are tagging someone well known, you may find that there are multiple users posing as that person. Primal helps you out here, though. Usually the top result is the person you want, as Primal places them in order of how many followers they have. This is quite reliable right now, but there is nothing stopping someone from spinning up an army of bots to follow their fake accounts, rendering follower count useless for determining which account is legitimate. It would be nice to see these results ranked by web-of-trust, or at least an indication of how many users you follow who also follow the users listed in the results.

Once you are satisfied with your note, the "Post" button is easy to find in the top right of the screen.

Feed Selector and Marketplace

Primal's Home feed really shines when you open up the feed selection interface, and find that there are a plethora of options available for customizing your view. By default, it only shows four options, but tapping "Edit" opens up a new page of available toggles to add to the feed selector.

The options don't end there, though. Tapping "Add Feed" will open up the feed marketplace, where an ever-growing number of custom feeds can be found, some created by Primal and some created by others. This feed marketplace is available to a few other clients, but none have so closely integrated it with their Home feeds like Primal has.

Unfortunately, as great as these custom feeds are, this was also the feature where I ran into the most bugs while testing out the app.

One of these bugs was while selecting custom feeds. Occasionally, these feed menu screens would become unresponsive and I would be unable to confirm my selection, or even use the back button on my device to back out of the screen. However, I was able to pull the screen down to close it and re-open the menu, and everything would be responsive again.

This only seemed to occur when I spent 30 seconds or more on the same screen, so I imagine that most users won't encounter it much in their regular use.

Another UI bug occurred for me while in the feed marketplace. I could scroll down the list of available feeds, but attempting to scroll back up the feed would often close the interface entirely instead, as though I had pulled the screen down from the top, when I was swiping in the middle of the screen.

The last of these bugs occurred when selecting a long-form "Reads" feed while in the menu for the Home feed. The menu would allow me to add this feed and select it to be displayed, but it would fail to load the feed once selected, stating "There is no content in this feed." Going to a different page within the the app and then going back to the Home tab would automatically remove the long-form feed from view, and reset back to the most recently viewed short-form "Notes" feed, though the long-form feed would still be available to select again. The results were similar when selecting a short-form feed for the Reads feed.

I would suggest that if long-form and short-form feeds are going to be displayed in the same list, and yet not be able to be displayed in the same feed, the application should present an error message when attempting to add a long-form feed for the Home feed or a short-form feed for the Reads feed, and encourage the user add it to the proper feed instead.

Long-Form "Reads" Feed

A brand new feature in Primal 2.0, users can now browse and read long-form content posted to Nostr without having to go to a separate client. Primal now has a dedicated "Reads" feed to browse and interact with these articles.

This feed displays the author and title of each article or blog, along with an image, if available. Quite conveniently, it also lets you know the approximate amount of time it will take to read a given article, so you can decide if you have the time to dive into it now, or come back later.

Noticeably absent from the Reads feed, though, is the ability to compose an article of your own. This is another understandable design choice for a mobile client. Composing a long-form note on a smart-phone screen is not a good time. Better to be done on a larger screen, in a client with a full-featured text editor.

Tapping an article will open up an attractive reading interface, with the ability to bookmark for later. These bookmarks are a separate list from your short-form note bookmarks so you don't have to scroll through a bunch of notes you bookmarked to find the article you told yourself you would read later and it's already been three weeks.

While you can comment on the article or zap it, you will notice that you cannot repost or quote-post it. It's not that you can't do so on Nostr. You absolutely can in other clients. In fact, you can do so on Primal's web client, too. However, Primal on Android does not handle rendering long-form note previews in the Home feed, so they have simply left out the option to share them there. See below for an example of a quote-post of a long-form note in the Primal web client vs the Android client.

Primal Web:

Primal Android:

The Explore Tab

Another unique feature of the Primal client is the Explore tab, indicated by the compass icon. This tab is dedicated to discovering content from outside your current follow list. You can find the feed marketplace here, and add any of the available feeds to your Home or Reads feed selections. You can also find suggested users to follow in the People tab. The Zaps tab will show you who has been sending and receiving large zaps. Make friends with the generous ones!

The Media tab gives you a chronological feed of just media, displayed in a tile view. This can be great when you are looking for users who post dank memes, or incredible photography on a regular basis. Unfortunately, it appears that there is no way to filter this feed for sensitive content, and so you do not have to scroll far before you see pornographic material.

Indeed, it does not appear that filters for sensitive content are available in Primal for any feed. The app is kind enough to give a minimal warning that objectionable content may be present when selecting the "Nostr Firehose" option in your Home feed, with a brief "be careful" in the feed description, but there is not even that much of a warning here for the media-only feed.

The media-only feed doesn't appear to be quite as bad as the Nostr Firehose feed, so there must be some form of filtering already taking place, rather than being a truly global feed of all media. Yet, occasional sensitive content still litters the feed and is unavoidable, even for users who would rather not see it. There are, of course, ways to mute particular users who post such content, if you don't want to see it a second time from the same user, but that is a never-ending game of whack-a-mole, so your only realistic choices in Primal are currently to either avoid the Nostr Firehose and media-only feeds, or determine that you can put up with regularly scrolling past often graphic content.

This is probably the only choice Primal has made that is not friendly to new users. Most clients these days will have some protections in place to hide sensitive content by default, but still allow the user to toggle those protections off if they so choose. Some of them hide posts flagged as sensitive content altogether, others just blur the images unless the user taps to reveal them, and others simply blur all images posted by users you don't follow. If Primal wants to target new users who are accustomed to legacy social media platforms, they really should follow suit.

The final tab is titled "Topics," but it is really just a list of popular hashtags, which appear to be arranged by how often they are being used. This can be good for finding things that other users are interested in talking about, or finding specific content you are interested in.

If you tap on any topic in the list, it will display a feed of notes that include that hashtag. What's better, you can add it as a feed option you can select on your Home feed any time you want to see posts with that tag.

The only suggestion I would make to improve this tab is some indication of why the topics are arranged in the order presented. A simple indicator of the number of posts with that hashtag in the last 24 hours, or whatever the interval is for determining their ranking, would more than suffice.

Even with those few shortcomings, Primal's Explore tab makes the client one of the best options for discovering content on Nostr that you are actually interested in seeing and interacting with.

Built-In Wallet

While this feature is completely optional, the icon to access the wallet is the largest of the icons at the bottom of the screen, making you feel like you are missing out on the most important feature of the app if you don't set it up. I could be critical of this design choice, but in many ways I think it is warranted. The built-in wallet is one of the most unique features that Primal has going for it.

Consider: If you are a new user coming to Nostr, who isn't already a Bitcoiner, and you see that everyone else on the platform is sending and receiving sats for their posts, will you be more likely to go download a separate wallet application or use one that is built-into your client? I would wager the latter option by a long shot. No need to figure out which wallet you should download, whether you should do self-custody or custodial, or make the mistake of choosing a wallet with unexpected setup fees and no Lightning address so you can't even receive zaps to it. nostr:npub16c0nh3dnadzqpm76uctf5hqhe2lny344zsmpm6feee9p5rdxaa9q586nvr often states that he believes more people will be onboarded to Bitcoin through Nostr than by any other means, and by including a wallet into the Primal client, his team has made adopting Bitcoin that much easier for new Nostr users.

Some of us purists may complain that it is custodial and KYC, but that is an unfortunate necessity in order to facilitate onboarding newcoiners to Bitcoin. This is not intended to be a wallet for those of us who have been using Bitcoin and Lightning regularly already. It is meant for those who are not already familiar with Bitcoin to make it as easy as possible to get off zero, and it accomplishes this better than any other wallet I have ever tried.

In large part, this is because the KYC is very light. It does need the user's legal name, a valid email address, date of birth, and country of residence, but that's it! From there, the user can buy Bitcoin directly through the app, but only in the amount of $4.99 at a time. This is because there is a substantial markup on top of the current market price, due to utilizing whatever payment method the user has set up through their Google Play Store. The markup seemed to be about 19% above the current price, since I could purchase 4,143 sats for $4.99 ($120,415 / Bitcoin), when the current price was about $101,500. But the idea here is not for the Primal wallet to be a user's primary method of stacking sats. Rather, it is intended to get them off zero and have a small amount of sats to experience zapping with, and it accomplishes this with less friction than any other method I know.

Moreover, the Primal wallet has the features one would expect from any Lightning wallet. You can send sats to any Nostr user or Lightning address, receive via invoice, or scan to pay an invoice. It even has the ability to receive via on-chain. This means users who don't want to pay the markup from buying through Primal can easily transfer sats they obtained by other means into the Primal wallet for zapping, or for using it as their daily-driver spending wallet.

Speaking of zapping, once the wallet is activated, sending zaps is automatically set to use the wallet, and they are fast. Primal gives you immediate feedback that the zap was sent and the transaction shows in your wallet history typically before you can open the interface. I can confidently say that Primal wallet's integration is the absolute best zapping experience I have seen in any Nostr client.

One thing to note that may not be immediately apparent to new users is they need to add their Lightning address with Primal into their profile details before they can start receiving zaps. So, sending zaps using the wallet is automatic as soon as you activate it, but receiving is not. Ideally, this could be further streamlined, so that Primal automatically adds the Lightning address to the user's profile when the wallet is set up, so long as there is not currently a Lightning address listed.

Of course, if you already have a Lightning wallet, you can connect it to Primal for zapping, too. We will discuss this further in the section dedicated to zap integration.

Advanced Search

Search has always been a tough nut to crack on Nostr, since it is highly dependent on which relays the client is pulling information from. Primal has sought to resolve this issue, among others, by running a caching relay that pulls notes from a number of relays to store them locally, and perform some spam filtering. This allows for much faster retrieval of search results, and also makes their advanced search feature possible.

Advanced search can be accessed from most pages by selecting the magnifying glass icon, and then the icon for more options next to the search bar.

As can be seen in the screenshot below, there are a plethora of filters that can be applied to your search terms.

You can immediately see how this advanced search could be a very powerful tool for not just finding a particular previous note that you are looking for, but for creating your own custom feed of notes. Well, wouldn't you know it, Primal allows you to do just that! This search feature, paired with the other features mentioned above related to finding notes you want to see in your feed, makes Primal hands-down the best client for content discovery.

The only downside as a free user is that some of these search options are locked behind the premium membership. Or else you only get to see a certain number of results of your advanced search before you must be a premium member to see more.

Can My Grandma Use It?

Score: 4.8 / 5 Primal has obviously put a high priority on making their client user-friendly, even for those who have never heard of relays, public/private key cryptography, or Bitcoin. All of that complexity is hidden away. Some of it is available to play around with for the users who care to do so, but it does not at all get in the way of the users who just want to jump in and start posting notes and interacting with other users in a truly open public square.

To begin with, the onboarding experience is incredibly smooth. Tap "Create Account," enter your chosen display name and optional bio information, upload a profile picture, and then choose some topics you are interested in. You are then presented with a preview of your profile, with the ability to add a banner image, if you so choose, and then tap "Create Account Now."

From there you receive confirmation that your account has been created and that your "Nostr key" is available to you in the application settings. No further explanation is given about what this key is for at this point, but the user doesn't really need to know at the moment, either. If they are curious, they will go to the app settings to find out.

At this point, Primal encourages the user to activate Primal Wallet, but also gives the option for the user to do it later.

That's it! The next screen the user sees if they don't opt to set up the wallet is their Home feed with notes listed in chronological order. More impressive, the feed is not empty, because Primal has auto-followed several accounts based on your selected topics.

Now, there has definitely been some legitimate criticism of this practice of following specific accounts based on the topic selection, and I agree. I would much prefer to see Primal follow hashtags based on what was selected, and combine the followed hashtags into a feed titled "My Topics" or something of that nature, and make that the default view when the user finishes onboarding. Following particular users automatically will artificially inflate certain users' exposure, while other users who might be quality follows for that topic aren't seen at all.

The advantage of following particular users over a hashtag, though, is that Primal retains some control over the quality of the posts that new users are exposed to right away. Primal can ensure that new users see people who are actually posting quality photography when they choose it as one of their interests. However, even with that example, I chose photography as one of my interests and while I did get some stunning photography in my Home feed by default based on Primal's chosen follows, I also scrolled through the Photography hashtag for a bit and I really feel like I would have been better served if Primal had simply followed that hashtag rather than a particular set of users.

We've already discussed how simple it is to set up the Primal Wallet. You can see the features section above if you missed it. It is, by far, the most user friendly experience to onboarding onto Lightning and getting a few sats for zapping, and it is the only one I know of that is built directly into a Nostr client. This means new users will have a frictionless introduction to transacting via Lightning, perhaps without even realizing that's what they are doing.

Discovering new content of interest is incredibly intuitive on Primal, and the only thing that new users may struggle with is getting their own notes seen by others. To assist with this, I would suggest Primal encourage users to make their first post to the introductions hashtag and direct any questions to the AskNostr hashtag as part of the onboarding process. This will get them some immediate interactions from other users, and further encouragement to set up their wallet if they haven't already done so.

How do UI look?

Score: 4.9 / 5

Primal is the most stunningly beautiful Nostr client available, in my honest opinion. Despite some of my hangups about certain functionality, the UI alone makes me want to use it.

It is clean, attractive, and intuitive. Everything I needed was easy to find, and nothing felt busy or cluttered. There are only a few minor UI glitches that I ran into while testing the app. Some of them were mentioned in the section of the review detailing the feed selector feature, but a couple others occurred during onboarding.

First, my profile picture was not centered in the preview when I uploaded it. This appears to be because it was a low quality image. Uploading a higher quality photo did not have this result.

The other UI bug was related to text instructions that were cut off, and not able to scroll to see the rest of them. This occurred on a few pages during onboarding, and I expect it was due to the size of my phone screen, since it did not occur when I was on a slightly larger phone or tablet.

Speaking of tablets, Primal Android looks really good on a tablet, too! While the client does not have a landscape mode by default, many Android tablets support forcing apps to open in full-screen landscape mode, with mixed results. However, Primal handles it well. I would still like to see a tablet version developed that takes advantage of the increased screen real estate, but it is certainly a passable option.

At this point, I would say the web client probably has a bit better UI for use on a tablet than the Android client does, but you miss out on using the built-in wallet, which is a major selling point of the app.

This lack of a landscape mode for tablets and the few very minor UI bugs I encountered are the only reason Primal doesn't get a perfect score in this category, because the client is absolutely stunning otherwise, both in light and dark modes. There are also two color schemes available for each.

Log In Options

Score: 4 / 5 (Updated 4/30/2025)

Unfortunately, Primal has not included any options for log in outside of pasting your private key into the application. While this is a very simple way to log in for new users to understand, it is also the least secure means to log into Nostr applications.

This is because, even with the most trustworthy client developer, giving the application access to your private key always has the potential for that private key to somehow be exposed or leaked, and on Nostr there is currently no way to rotate to a different private key and keep your identity and social graph. If someone gets your key, they are you on Nostr for all intents and purposes.

This is not a situation that users should be willing to tolerate from production-release clients at this point. There are much better log in standards that can and should be implemented if you care about your users.

That said, I am happy to report that external signer support is on the roadmap for Primal, as confirmed below:

nostr:note1n59tc8k5l2v30jxuzghg7dy2ns76ld0hqnn8tkahyywpwp47ms5qst8ehl

No word yet on whether this will be Android signer or remote signer support, or both.

This lack of external signer support is why I absolutely will not use my main npub with Primal for Android. I am happy to use the web client, which supports and encourages logging in with a browser extension, but until the Android client allows users to protect their private key, I cannot recommend it for existing Nostr users.

Update: As of version 2.2.13, all of what I have said above is now obsolete. Primal has added Android signer support, so users can now better protect their nsec by using Amber!

I would still like to see support for remote signers, especially with nstart.me as a recommended Nostr onboarding process and the advent of FROSTR for key management. That said, Android signer support on its own has been a long time coming and is a very welcome addition to the Primal app. Bravo Primal team!

Zap Integration

Score: 4.8 / 5

As mentioned when discussing Primal's built-in wallet feature, zapping in Primal can be the most seamless experience I have ever seen in a Nostr client. Pairing the wallet with the client is absolutely the path forward for Nostr leading the way to Bitcoin adoption.

But what if you already have a Lightning wallet you want to use for zapping? You have a couple options. If it is an Alby wallet or another wallet that supports Nostr Wallet Connect, you can connect it with Primal to use with one-tap zapping.

How your zapping experience goes with this option will vary greatly based on your particular wallet of choice and is beyond the scope of this review. I used this option with a hosted wallet on my Alby Hub and it worked perfectly. Primal gives you immediate feedback that you have zapped, even though the transaction usually takes a few seconds to process and appear in your wallet's history.

The one major downside to using an external wallet is the lack of integration with the wallet interface. This interface currently only works with Primal's wallet, and therefore the most prominent tab in the entire app goes unused when you connect an external wallet.

An ideal improvement would be for the wallet screen to work similar to Alby Go when you have an external wallet connected via Nostr Wallet Connect, allowing the user to have Primal act as their primary mobile Lightning wallet. It could have balance and transaction history displayed, and allow sending and receiving, just like the integrated Primal wallet, but remove the ability to purchase sats directly through the app when using an external wallet.

Content Discovery

Score: 4.8 / 5

Primal is the best client to use if you want to discover new content you are interested in. There is no comparison, with only a few caveats.

First, the content must have been posted to Nostr as either a short-form or long-form note. Primal has a limited ability to display other types of content. For instance, discovering video content or streaming content is lacking.

Second, you must be willing to put up with the fact that Primal lacks a means of filtering sensitive content when you are exploring beyond the bounds of your current followers. This may not be an issue for some, but for others it could be a deal-breaker.

Third, it would be preferable for Primal to follow topics you are interested in when you choose them during onboarding, rather than follow specific npubs. Ideally, create a "My Topics" feed that can be edited by selecting your interests in the Topics section of the Explore tab.

Relay Management

Score: 2.5 / 5

For new users who don't want to mess around with managing relays, Primal is fantastic! There are 7 relays selected by default, in addition to Primal's caching service. For most users who aren't familiar with Nostr's protocol archetecture, they probably won't ever have to change their default relays in order to use the client as they would expect.

However, two of these default relays were consistently unreachable during the week that I tested. These were relay.plebes.fans and remnant.cloud. The first relay seems to be an incorrect URL, as I found nosflare.plebes.fans online and with perfect uptime for the last 12 hours on nostr.watch. I was unable to find remnant.cloud on nostr.watch at all. A third relay was intermittent, sometimes online and reachable, and other times unreachable: v1250.planz.io/nostr. If Primal is going to have default relays, they should ideally be reliable and with accurate URLs.

That said, users can add other relays that they prefer, and remove relays that they no longer want to use. They can even set a different caching service to use with the client, rather than using Primal's.

However, that is the extent of a user's control over their relays. They cannot choose which relays they want to write to and which they want to read from, nor can they set any private relays, outbox or inbox relays, or general relays. Loading the npub I used for this review into another client with full relay management support revealed that the relays selected in Primal are being added to both the user's public outbox relays and public inbox relays, but not to any other relay type, which leads me to believe the caching relay is acting as the client's only general relay and search relay.

One unique and welcomed addition is the "Enhanced Privacy" feature, which is off by default, but which can be toggled on. I am not sure why this is not on by default, though. Perhaps someone from the Primal team can enlighten me on that choice.

By default, when you post to Nostr, all of your outbox relays will see your IP address. If you turn on the Enhanced Privacy mode, only Primal's caching service will see your IP address, because it will post your note to the other relays on your behalf. In this way, the caching service acts similar to a VPN for posting to Nostr, as long as you trust Primal not to log or leak your IP address.

In short, if you use any other Nostr clients at all, do not use Primal for managing your relays.

Media Hosting Options

Score: 4.9 / 5 This is a NEW SECTION of this review, as of version 2.2.13!

Primal has recently added support for the Blossom protocol for media hosting, and has added a new section within their settings for "Media Uploads."

Media hosting is one of the more complicated problems to solve for a decentralized publishing protocol like Nostr. Text-based notes are generally quite small, making them no real burden to store on relays, and a relay can prune old notes as they see fit, knowing that anyone who really cared about those notes has likely archived them elsewhere. Media, on the other hand, can very quickly fill up a server's disk space, and because it is usually addressable via a specific URL, removing it from that location to free up space means it will no longer load for anyone.

Blossom solves this issue by making it easy to run a media server and have the same media mirrored to more than one for redundancy. Since the media is stored with a file name that is a hash of the content itself, if the media is deleted from one server, it can still be found from any other server that has the same file, without any need to update the URL in the Nostr note where it was originally posted.

Prior to this update, Primal only allowed media uploads to their own media server. Now, users can upload to any blossom server, and even choose to have their pictures or videos mirrored additional servers automatically. To my knowledge, no other Nostr client offers this automatic mirroring at the time of upload.

One of my biggest criticisms of Primal was that it had taken a siloed approach by providing a client, a caching relay, a media server, and a wallet all controlled by the same company. The whole point of Nostr is to separate control of all these services to different entities. Now users have more options for separating out their media hosting and their wallet to other providers, at least. I would still like to see other options available for a caching relay, but that relies on someone else being willing to run one, since the software is open for anyone to use. It's just not your average, lightweight relay that any average person can run from home.

Regardless, this update to add custom Blossom servers is a most welcome step in the right direction!

Current Users' Questions

The AskNostr hashtag can be a good indication of the pain points that other users are currently having with a client. Here are some of the most common questions submitted about Primal since the launch of 2.0:

nostr:note1dqv4mwqn7lvpaceg9s7damf932ydv9skv2x99l56ufy3f7q8tkdqpxk0rd

This was a pretty common question, because users expect that they will be able to create the same type of content that they can consume in a particular client. I can understand why this was left out in a mobile client, but perhaps it should be added in the web client.

nostr:note16xnm8a2mmrs7t9pqymwjgd384ynpf098gmemzy49p3572vhwx2mqcqw8xe

This is a more concerning bug, since it appears some users are experiencing their images being replaced with completely different images. I did not experience anything similar in my testing, though.

nostr:note1uhrk30nq0e566kx8ac4qpwrdh0vfaav33rfvckyvlzn04tkuqahsx8e7mr

There hasn't been an answer to this, but I have not been able to find a way. It seems search results will always include replies as well as original notes, so a feed made from the search results will as well. Perhaps a filter can be added to the advanced search to exclude replies? There is already a filter to only show replies, but there is no corresponding filter to only show original notes.

nostr:note1zlnzua28a5v76jwuakyrf7hham56kx9me9la3dnt3fvymcyaq6eqjfmtq6

Since both mobile platforms support the wallet, users expect that they will be able to access it in their web client, too. At this time, they cannot. The only way to have seamless zapping in the web client is to use the Alby extension, but there is not a way to connect it to your Primal wallet via Nostr Wallet Connect either. This means users must have a separate wallet for zapping on the web client if they use the Primal Wallet on mobile.

nostr:note15tf2u9pffy58y9lk27y245ew792raqc7lc22jezxvqj7xrak9ztqu45wep

It seems that Primal is filtering for spam even for profiles you actively follow. Moreover, exactly what the criteria is for being considered spam is currently opaque.

nostr:note1xexnzv0vrmc8svvduurydwmu43w7dftyqmjh4ps98zksr39ln2qswkuced

For those unaware, Blossom is a protocol for hosting media as blobs identified by a hash, allowing them to be located on and displayed from other servers they have been mirrored to when when the target server isn't available. Primal currently runs a Blossom server (blossom.primal.net) so I would expect we see Blossom support in the future.

nostr:note1unugv7s36e2kxl768ykg0qly7czeplp8qnc207k4pj45rexgqv4sue50y6

Currently, Primal on Android only supports uploading photos to your posts. Users must upload any video to some other hosting service and copy/paste a link to the video into their post on Primal. I would not be surprised to see this feature added in the near future, though.

nostr:note10w6538y58dkd9mdrlkfc8ylhnyqutc56ggdw7gk5y7nsp00rdk4q3qgrex

Many Nostr users have more than one npub for various uses. Users would prefer to have a way to quickly switch between accounts than to have to log all the way out and paste their npub for the other account every time they want to use it.

There is good news on this front, though:

nostr:note17xv632yqfz8nx092lj4sxr7drrqfey6e2373ha00qlq8j8qv6jjs36kxlh

Wrap Up

All in all, Primal is an excellent client. It won't be for everyone, but that's one of the strengths of Nostr as a protocol. You can choose to use the client that best fits your own needs, and supplement with other clients and tools as necessary.

There are a couple glaring issues I have with Primal that prevent me from using it on my main npub, but it is also an ever-improving client, that already has me hopeful for those issues to be resolved in a future release.

So, what should I review next? Another Android client, such as #Amethyst or #Voyage? Maybe an "other stuff" app, like #Wavlake or #Fountain? Please leave your suggestions in the comments.

I hope this review was valuable to you! If it was, please consider letting me know just how valuable by zapping me some sats and reposting it out to your follows.

Thank you for reading!

PV 🤙

@ 401014b3:59d5476b

And here's what it said.

And for what it's worth, I actually think ChatGPT nailed it.

Thoughts?

1. Andy Reid – Kansas City Chiefs Andy Reid remains the gold standard among NFL head coaches. With three Super Bowl titles in the past six seasons and a career record of 273-146-1 (.651), Reid's offensive innovation and leadership continue to set him apart. ​

2. Sean McVay – Los Angeles Rams Sean McVay has revitalized the Rams since taking over in 2017, leading them to two Super Bowl appearances and maintaining only one losing season in eight years. His ability to adapt and keep the team competitive has solidified his status as one of the league's elite coaches. ​

3. John Harbaugh – Baltimore Ravens John Harbaugh's tenure with the Ravens has been marked by consistent success, including a Super Bowl victory in 2012 and multiple double-digit win seasons. His leadership and adaptability have kept Baltimore as a perennial contender. ​

4. Nick Sirianni – Philadelphia Eagles Nick Sirianni has quickly risen through the ranks, boasting a .706 regular-season winning percentage and leading the Eagles to two Super Bowl appearances, including one victory. His emphasis on player morale and adaptability have been key to Philadelphia's recent success. ​

5. Dan Campbell – Detroit Lions Dan Campbell has transformed the Lions into a formidable team, improving their record each season and instilling a culture of toughness and resilience. Despite a disappointing playoff exit in 2024, Campbell's impact on the franchise is undeniable.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/967880

@ 6538925e:571e55c3

It’s been a little while since we released a major design update, so we’re really excited to get this new version of the app into your hands. Here’s a breakdown of all the main updates included in Fountain 1.2:

#### Library Design Update

• New content-type filters at the top of the page make it easier to navigate between podcasts and music in your library.

• Recently Played is now the default view in your library, so it’s easier to jump back into podcasts you’ve already started.

• The Music filter now makes it easier to find saved tracks and albums, and it also gives you a list of all the artists whose music you’ve saved.

• We’ve refreshed the design of the content cards to make it easier to see how much time is remaining on episodes you’ve already started.

#### Content Pages Design Update

• All of the different content pages have undergone an extensive redesign, including shows, episodes, artists, albums, tracks, clips and playlists

• We’ve replaced the tab layout we were using on the content pages with one scrollable page, making it easier to access features like chapters and tracklists

• We’ve sanitised the formatting of show notes too, and if there is no activity for a given episode, we now display the expanded show notes

#### Episode Summaries

Ever looked at a 4-hour Lex Fridman episode and wished you could just read a high-level summary? We certainly have, so we did something about it.

• Every episode page now has a Summary button above the show notes.

• Simply pay 500 sats to unlock a summary, or upgrade to Fountain Premium for $2.99/month to enjoy unlimited summaries.

• Summaries and transcripts now come as a bundle — two for the price of one!

• Thanks to major improvements, they’re now faster, cheaper, and more accurate than ever before.

#### Playback Improvements

We’ve completely rebuilt our audio engine from the ground up. Playback is now more robust and reliable — especially for music. Here are some of the key enhancements in Fountain 1.2:

• Tracks now load and play instantly when tapped.

• When playing a collection of tracks (e.g. from an artist, album, or playlist), you can now skip seamlessly between them.

• We’ve replaced the scrollable player page with full-screen modals to make it easier to access show notes, comments, transcripts, chapters, tracklists, and your queue.

• The new Smart Resume feature rewinds the episode by 5 seconds when you hit pause, so you don’t miss a beat.

• You can now skip forward or backward by 60 seconds for faster navigation through episodes.

Other Bug Fixes & Improvements

• Rebuilt payment stats for more complete and reliable transaction records.

• Refreshed the design of the Settings pages for better usability.

• Added new episode notification preferences in Settings.

• Fixed several playback issues that were causing crashes or freezes.

• Updated lock screen display and controls for livestreams.

• Fixed issue where the next item in the queue paused unexpectedly.

• Resolved playback stuttering on Android during livestreams.

• Fixed disappearing playback controls on the lock screen.

• Fixed playback speed not updating correctly.

• Resolved issue where played episodes couldn’t be replayed.

• Fixed playback not resuming correctly when listening in the car.

• Synced car playback position with the device.

• Fixed persistent car display refresh issue.

• Fixed volume control via car controls.

• Resolved issue with headphone controls after playing a transcript.

• Fixed disappearing metadata on the lock screen.

• Fixed bug where downloaded episodes stopped in airplane mode but showed as playing.

---

We would love to hear how you’re finding Fountain 1.2. Please submit your thoughts and feedback via the main menu in the app and we will take it on board as we continue to improve the app.

If you want to help test new features out before they get released, you can join Fountain Beta on Telegram. All iOS and Android users welcome.

@ 6a6be47b:3e74e3e1

Hi frens, you may or may not have noticed I’ve been MIA for about three weeks. I wanted to take a moment to explain where I’ve been, and why I stepped back for a bit.

At the start of the year, I was determined to make the most of it-and I still am. I’ve been pouring myself into several projects, especially my painting, which has really taken off. I’m so grateful for your support; none of this would be possible without you. But here’s where things got tricky. I started feeling like I had to “earn” every moment of rest, and that mindset snowballed. My health took a hit, and then one of my other projects completely derailed.

The stress piled up, and I felt like I was on the verge of burning out.

Don’t get me wrong-I’ve always welcomed change, even when it’s tough. And this time was no exception. The project I’d been working on for months took a 180, and all that effort seemed to go down the drain. I was frustrated, but I kept pushing, even though I was running on fumes. By the time I “earned” a break, I was too exhausted to enjoy it.

I managed to post a piece about Holy Week on my blog (which I’m really proud of-check it out if you haven’t!), but after that, I was done. I realized I needed to stop, not just for a day, but for a real break. When I finally took a few days off with my husband, it was clear how much I needed it. I was burned out, plain and simple. Now, I’m still putting myself back together. Mentally, I feel drained, but I’m stronger than I was a few weeks ago. I know I’m lucky and privileged to be able to take this time, and I’m grateful for the perspective it’s given me. I also r realize that this isn’t just a “me” thing-most people have been here at some point. We keep going until there’s nothing left, then wonder why we feel like empty shells.

I’ll be back to drawing soon (knock on wood-don’t want to jinx it!). In the meantime, take care of yourselves, and godspeed.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Kiwix (it's free and open source)
2. Download ZIM files from the Kiwix Library (you will find complete offline versions of Wikipedia, Stack Overflow, Bitcoin Wiki, DevDocs and many more)
3. Open the downloaded ZIM files within the Kiwix app

ℹ️ You can also package any website using either Kiwix Zimit (online tool) or the Zimit Docker Container (for technical users)

ℹ️ .zim is the file format used for packaged websites

@ 91d8dece:3453543b

https://drewztools.com/ flash USDT Are you tired of the long wait times and excessive fees associated with traditional cryptocurrency transactions? Look no further! Flash USDT from @drewztooolz is here to ease the way you send and receive crypto. Experience lightning-fast transfers, total anonymity, and zero fees with this state-of-the-art service. This flash last in the wallet for 90 t0 360 days before it disappears . Just so you know this coin is tradeable , swappable and transferable to many wallet type Flash USDT is not just another crypto tool; it’s a game-changer for anyone involved in cryptocurrency trading, particularly for OTC traders, P2P dealmakers, and cold wallet testers. Here’s why you should consider making it a part of your crypto toolkit: 🔥 Instant Transfers With Flash USDT, you can send high-value USDT to any wallet in under 60 seconds. Imagine the convenience of having your funds appear instantly without the typical delay caused by blockchain confirmations. Still have questions? Reach out via Telegram for 1-on-1 support. Our team is ready to assist you with anything you need! https://drewztools.com/ 💬 @drewztooolz 📲+1 (770) 666–2531

@ e968e50b:db2a803a

Has anyone developed a lightning wallet using a raspberry pi or something like that? This would be a device that could fit in your pocket with a small screen and QR scanner for people that can't afford or don't want to carry a smart phone. It would use wifi or something like that. Is this too much of a security headache? Can it be done easily with any wallet's current software?

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/967863

@ c230edd3:8ad4a712

Chef's notes

I found this recipe on beyondsweetandsavory.com. The site is incredibly ad infested (like most recipe sites) and its very annoying so I'm copying it to Nostr so all the homemade ice cream people can access it without dealing with that mess. I haven't made it yet. Will report back, when I do.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 55 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 8

Ingredients

• 2 cups heavy cream
• 1 cup 2% milk
• 8 oz dark chocolate, 70%
• ¼ cup Dutch cocoa
• 2 tbsps loose Earl grey tea leaves
• 4 medium egg yolks
• ¾ cup granulated sugar
• ⅛ tsp salt
• ¼ cup dark chocolate, 70% chopped

Directions

1. In a double boiler or a bowl set over a saucepan of simmering water, add the cacao solids and ½ cup of heavy cream. Stir chocolate until melted and smooth. Set melted chocolate aside.
2. In a heavy saucepan, combine remaining heavy cream, milk, salt and ½ cup of sugar.
3. Put the pan over medium heat and let the mixture boil gently to bubbling just around the edges (gentle simmer) and sugar completely dissolved, about 5 minutes. Remove from heat.
4. Add the Earl Grey tea leaves and let it steep for 7-8 minutes until the cream has taken on the tea flavor, stirring occasionally and tasting to make sure it’s not too bitter.
5. Whisk in Dutch cocoa until smooth. Add in melted chocolate and whisk until smooth.
6. In a medium heatproof bowl, whisk the yolks just to break them up and whisk in remaining sugar. Set aside.
7. Put the saucepan back on the stove over low heat and let it warm up for 2 minutes.
8. Carefully measure out ½ cup of hot cream mixture.
9. While whisking the eggs constantly, whisk the hot cream mixture into the eggs until smooth. Continue tempering the eggs by adding another ½ cup of hot cream to the bowl with the yolks.
10. Pour the cream-egg mixture back to the saucepan and cook over medium-low heat, stirring constantly until it is thickened and coats the back of a spatula, about 5 minutes.
11. Strain the base through a fine-mesh strainer into a clean container.
12. Pour the mixture into a 1-gallon Ziplock freezer bag and submerge the sealed bag in an ice bath until cold, about 30 minutes. Refrigerate the ice cream base for at least 4 hours or overnight.
13. Pour the ice cream base into the frozen canister of your ice cream machine and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
14. Spin until thick and creamy about 25-30 minutes.
15. Pack the ice cream into a storage container, press a sheet of parchment directly against the surface and seal with an airtight lid. Freeze in the coldest part of your freezer until firm, at least 4 hours.
16. When ready to serve, scoop the ice cream into a serving bowl and top with chopped chocolate.

@ 6868de52:42418e63

自分が僕のことをなんで否定するのかよくわかんない 自分のことを高く評価してる。周囲の理解に努力してない けど、いつも気にしてる 自分の限界に気づくのが怖い？ 周りに理解されないことに価値を見出し、意図的に理解されないようにしてるんじゃないのか 周りに影響され、自分は変わっていくんです 変わらないもの。変わっちゃいけないもの。 変わっちゃいけないものは、学問への尊敬。これが生きる目的だってこと。 変わらないものは、美少女への嗜好、世界の全てへの優しさ、屁理屈の論理が好きなこと。 で、理解されたいのか。されるべきなのか。 されるべきとは？あーそうだよ、されたいしされるべきなんだ！ そっか、じゃあ理解したいのか。するべきなのか。 するべきだよ。ネットワーク的にも、心理的にも。 したくは、ないかな。その決定権は常に僕の手元にほしい。 関われる限界を知ることになるから。 自分のことは知らなくてもいい。制御できればいい。愛してるし。 でもこうやって心情を整理してるんだけどね。まー限界はありますよ。

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I was a bit more distracted than normal this month, but ~econ kept humming along.

• Posts: 228 (7th)
• Comments: 1459 (5th)
• Stacking: 128k (4th)
• Revenue: 74k (4th)

We're holding pretty steady, but haven't gotten back to our highs from last year.

With revenue down slightly, I'll move the post fee back towards the previous local max and conclude the posting fee optimization process for now. Going forward the posting fee will be set at 84 sats (until I decide to start messing with it again).

Next month, I'll start the comment fee optimization process.

We're still on pace for a profitable year and having a nice sized fund to pay out the end-of-year awards.

Thanks everyone for supporting this community!

Let me know if you have any suggestions for how to improve the territory.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/967545

@ 5ffa0470:9c3e760a

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

• The Dangers of Ignorance
• A Brief History of Mechanistic Interpretability
• The Utility of Interpretability
• What We Can Do

The progress of the underlying technology is inexorable, driven by forces too powerful to stop, but the way in which it happens—the order in which things are built, the applications we choose, and the details of how it is rolled out to society—are eminently possible to change, and it’s possible to have great positive impact by doing so. We can’t stop the bus, but we can steer it. —Dario Amodei

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/967193

@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93

How to Be an Anti-Fascist

According to Me, a Certified Organic Latte-Drinking Empathy Warrior

By Tucker Carlson’s Emotionally Available Clone Carl Tuckerson

Namaste, comrades.

Are you tired of watching democracy get mildly inconvenienced by billionaires while sipping your ethically sourced, $19 oat milk flat white? Do you sometimes feel like tweeting just isn’t enough to stop the slow, fascist creep of boomers with opinions?

Well, worry not. Because tonight, I, a glowing beacon of progressive perfection, will guide you through the sacred, carbon-neutral art of being an Anti-Fascist—from the comfort of your iPad, handcrafted from rare earth minerals mined by literal children.

Let’s begin.

Step 1: Declare Yourself Anti-Fascist... On Instagram.

Nothing says “resistance” quite like a filtered selfie captioned “Punching Nazis with love 💕✊ #Resist #SelfCareRevolution”. Bonus points if you’re wearing a Che Guevara shirt made in a sweatshop. Because nothing defeats authoritarianism like aesthetics.

Remember: optics over action. Always.

Step 2: Elon Musk Is Literally Hitler (Until He Makes a Space Weed Dispensary)

We used to love Elon. He was our quirky space daddy. He tweeted in lowercase. He smoked weed with Joe Rogan. He wore weird shoes. We loved that. Then he bought Twitter and suddenly—BOOM—he’s literally Benito Mussolini with better branding.

But hey, let’s be honest: if he announced a carbon-neutral Neuralink that dispenses vegan Adderall, we’d be back on the bandwagon so fast. We are morally opposed to fascism... unless it syncs with our Apple Watches.

Step 3: Donald Trump Is an Existential Threat (Also... Kinda Fun to Keep Around)

Yes, Trump is a threat to democracy. Yes, he incited an insurrection. Yes, he talks like a Big Mac with a head injury. But if we actually stopped him? What would we tweet about?

He’s the villain we love to hate. He’s like Voldemort, if Voldemort ran on cheeseburgers and late-stage narcissism. He’s our algorithmic muse. He’s content.

Let’s not pretend we didn’t low-key enjoy four years of outrage-fueled identity formation. He gave us purpose. He gave us merch. Admit it—you miss him a little. That’s not anti-fascism, babe. That’s codependence.

Step 4: Say “Fascism” a Lot. Define It? Not So Much.

When in doubt, call literally anything “fascism.” Voter ID laws? Fascism. Gas stoves? Fascism. Someone didn’t like your TikTok about polyamorous Marxism? Fascism.

Defining the word would ruin the fun. It’s like “vibes,” but with historical trauma. Why read a book when you can just compare everything to Hitler and get 12,000 retweets?

Remember: if you say “fascism” enough times, you don’t have to actually do anything about it.

Step 5: Be Loud. Be Online. Be Ironic.

Who needs grassroots organizing when you can “dunk on fascists” in the quote tweets? Nothing defeats authoritarianism like being aggressively smug with a PFP of a frog holding a Molotov cocktail.

Marching in the streets? Mutual aid? Local elections?

Cringe.

Let’s just post a meme of Trump hugging Mussolini with a caption that says, “When your fascist BF also texts other regimes 🥺👉👈.”

Final Thoughts (Because I Have So Many)

Being an anti-fascist in 2025 is hard. You have to juggle being morally superior, chronically online, and vaguely condescending all at once. But if we just stay in our bubbles, talk over each other on Clubhouse, and continue to believe that irony is activism, we’ll totally defeat fascism.

Eventually.

Maybe.

After brunch.

Stay performative. Stay smug. Stay revolution-adjacent.

We’ll see you tomorrow—for another episode of "The Whisper of Democracy", where we dismantle empires with emotional vulnerability and artisanal zines.

Namaste, but make it confrontational.

— Delusionally Chill Carl

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/967043

@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e

In recent years, Bitcoin has often been compared to gold, earning the nickname “digital gold.” This comparison arises because both forms of value share key characteristics, such as scarcity, durability, and global acceptance. However, Bitcoin also represents a technological innovation that redefines the concept of money and investment, standing out as a modern and efficient alternative to physical gold.

One of the main reasons Bitcoin is compared to gold is its programmed scarcity. While gold is a naturally limited resource whose supply depends on mining, Bitcoin has a maximum cap of 21 million units, defined in its code. This cap protects Bitcoin from inflation, unlike traditional currencies that can be created without limit by central banks.

This scarcity gives Bitcoin lasting value, similar to gold, as the limited supply helps preserve purchasing power over time. As demand for Bitcoin grows, its reduced availability reinforces its role as a store of value.

Another feature that brings Bitcoin closer to gold is durability. While gold is resistant to corrosion and can be stored for centuries, Bitcoin is a digital asset protected by advanced cryptography and stored on the blockchain. An immutable and decentralized ledger.

Moreover, Bitcoin is far easier to transport than gold. Moving physical gold involves high costs and security risks, making transport particularly difficult for international transactions. Bitcoin, on the other hand, can be sent digitally anywhere in the world in minutes, with low fees and no intermediaries. This technological advantage makes Bitcoin more effective in a globalized and digital world.

Security is another trait that Bitcoin and gold share. Gold is difficult to counterfeit, making it a reliable store of value. Similarly, Bitcoin uses cryptographic protocols that ensure secure transactions and protect against fraud.

In addition, all Bitcoin transactions are recorded on the blockchain, offering a level of transparency that physical gold does not provide. Anyone can review transactions on the network, increasing trust and traceability.

Historically, gold has been used as a hedge against inflation and economic crises. During times of instability, investors turn to gold as a way to preserve their wealth. Bitcoin is emerging as a digital alternative with the same purpose.

In countries with high inflation or political instability, Bitcoin has been used as a safeguard against the devaluation of local currencies. Its decentralized nature prevents governments from directly confiscating or controlling the asset, providing greater financial freedom to users.

Despite its similarities with gold, Bitcoin still faces challenges. Its volatility is much higher, which can cause short-term uncertainty. However, many experts argue that this volatility is typical of new assets and tends to decrease over time as adoption grows and the market matures.

Another challenge is regulation. While gold is globally recognized as a financial asset, Bitcoin still faces resistance from governments and financial institutions, which seek ways to control and regulate it.

In summary, Bitcoin - often called "digital gold" - offers a new form of value that combines the best characteristics of gold with the efficiency and innovation of digital technology. Its programmed scarcity, cryptographic security, portability, and resistance to censorship make it a viable alternative for preserving wealth and conducting transactions in the modern world.

Despite its volatility, Bitcoin is establishing itself as both a store of value and a hedge against economic crises. As such, it represents not just an evolution of the financial system but also a symbol of the shift toward a decentralized and global digital economy.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

PR 32359：取消 OP_RETURN 字节限制提案深入分析

提案概述及代码变更内容

提案背景与意图：比特币核心当前对交易中的 OP_RETURN 输出（数据载体输出）有严格限制：默认最多允许单个 OP_RETURN 输出，且其 scriptPubKey 大小不超过 83 字节（约80字节数据加上OP_RETURN和Pushdata前缀）groups.google.com。这一标准规则旨在轻度阻碍链上存储大量任意数据，鼓励将非金融数据以“更无害”的方式存入链上（比如用OP_RETURN而非可花费的UTXO输出）groups.google.com。然而随着时间推移，这一限制并未阻止用户将数据写入区块链，反而促使开发者设计各种变通方案绕过限制。例如，近期 Citrea Clementine 协议（闪电网络相关项目）因为OP_RETURN容量不足，而改用不可花费的Taproot输出来存储所需数据groups.google.com。这样的做法导致大量小额UTXO留存在UTXO集，对全节点造成负担，被视为比使用OP_RETURN更有害的副作用github.com。基于此背景，Bitcoin Core 开发者 Peter Todd（与 Chaincode 实验室的 Antoine Poinsot 等人）提出了 PR #32359，意在解除OP_RETURN的字节大小限制，以消除这种“适得其反”的限制策略groups.google.comgithub.com。

**代码变更要点：**该PR主要修改了与标准交易校验和策略配置相关的代码，包括移除 script/standard.cpp 中对OP_RETURN输出大小和数量的检查，以及删除策略配置选项 -datacarrier 和 -datacarriersizegithub.com。具体而言：

• 取消OP_RETURN大小限制：删除了判断OP_RETURN数据长度是否超过 MAX_OP_RETURN_RELAY（83字节）的标准性检查。此后，交易中的OP_RETURN输出脚本长度将不再被固定上限限制，只要满足区块重量等共识规则即可（理论上可嵌入远大于83字节的数据）github.comgroups.google.com。PR说明中明确提到移除了这些限制的执行代码github.com。相应地，-datacarriersize 配置参数被删除，因为其存在意义（设置OP_RETURN字节上限）已不复存在github.com。此前 -datacarriersize 默认为83，当用户调高该值时节点可接受更大数据载体输出；而现在代码中已无此参数，节点将无条件接受任意大小的OP_RETURN输出。

• 移除OP_RETURN输出数量限制：原先比特币核心默认策略还规定每笔交易最多只有一个OP_RETURN输出是标准的，多于一个即视为非标准交易（拒绝中继）bitcoin.stackexchange.com。该PR同样意在取消此“任意”限制groups.google.com。修改中移除了对 nDataOut（OP_RETURN输出计数）的检查，即允许一笔交易包含多个OP_RETURN输出而仍被视作标准交易。之前的代码若检测到 nDataOut > 1 会返回“multi-op-return”的拒绝原因github.com；PR删除了这一段逻辑，相应的功能测试也更新或移除了对“multi-op-return”非标准原因的断言github.com。

• 保留标准形式要求：值得注意的是，OP_RETURN输出的形式要求仍保留。PR描述中强调“数据载体输出的形式仍保持标准化：脚本以单个 OP_RETURN 开头，后跟任意数量的数据推字节；不允许非数据类的其他脚本操作码”github.com。也就是说，虽然大小和数量限制解除了，但OP_RETURN脚本内容只能是纯数据，不能夹带其他执行opcode。这保证了这些输出依然是“不可花费”的纯数据输出，不会改变它们对UTXO集的影响（不会增加UTXO）。

综上，PR #32359 的核心改动在策略层面放宽了对 OP_RETURN 的限制，删除了相关配置和检查，使节点默认接受任意大小、任意数量的 OP_RETURN 数据输出。同时维持其基本形式（OP_RETURN+数据）以确保此变更不会引入其它类型的非标准交易格式。

改动层级：策略规则 vs 共识规则

该提案属于策略层（policy-level）的更改，而非共识层规则的更改。也就是说，它影响的是节点对交易的_中继、存储和打包_策略，而不改变交易或区块在链上的有效性判定。OP_RETURN字节上限和数量限制从一开始就是标准性约束（Standardness），并非比特币共识协议的一部分groups.google.com。因此，移除这些限制不会导致旧节点与新节点产生区块共识分歧。具体理由如下：

• 无共识规则变动：原有的83字节上限只是节点默认_拒绝转发/挖矿_超限交易的规则，但如果矿工强行将超83字节的OP_RETURN交易打包进区块，所有遵循共识规则的节点（包括未升级的旧节点）依然会接受该区块。因为共识层并没有“OP_RETURN大小不得超过83字节”的规定github.com。正如开发者所指出的，现行的OP_RETURN限制属于“standardness rules”，其约束可以被轻易绕过，并不影响交易的最终有效性github.com。Peter Todd 在评论中强调，为真正禁止链上发布任意数据，必须修改比特币的共识协议，而这在现实中几乎不可能实施github.com。

• **旧节点兼容性：**由于没有引入新的脚本opcode或共识验证规则，旧版本节点即使不升级，仍然会承认包含大OP_RETURN输出的区块为有效。换言之，不存在分叉风险。旧节点唯一的区别是仍会按照老策略拒绝中继此类交易，但一旦交易被打包进区块，它们仍会接受github.com。正因如此，这一提议不会引发硬分叉，只是改变默认策略。

• **策略可自行定制：**另外，正如PR作者所言，这纯粹是默认策略的调整，用户依然可以选择运行修改版的软件继续实施先前的限制。例如，Peter Todd提到有替代实现（如 Bitcoin Knots）可以继续强制这些限制github.com。因此，这并非要“强制”所有节点解除限制，而是主流软件默认策略的演进。

需要澄清的是，有反对者担心解除限制可能扩大攻击面（下文详述），但这些都是针对节点资源和网络层面的影响，而非共识层安全性问题。总的来看，PR #32359 是策略层改进，与先前如RBF默认开启、逐渐弱化非标准交易限制等改变类似，其出发点在于网络行为而非协议规则本身。

对闪电网络节点和交易验证的影响

对链上验证的影响：由于这是策略层变更，交易和区块的验证规则并未改变，因此运行旧版本 Bitcoin Core 的闪电网络节点在共识上不会出现任何问题。闪电网络全节点通常依赖比特币全节点来跟踪链上交易，它们关心的是交易确认和共识有效性。解除OP_RETURN限制并不会使旧节点拒绝新区块，因而不会造成闪电通道关闭交易或HTLC交易在旧节点上验签失败等情况。换句话说，不升级Bitcoin Core软件的LN节点仍可正常参与链上共识，无需担心链上交易验证兼容性。

对节点中继和资源的影响：主要影响在于网络传播和资源占用。如果闪电网络节点所连接的Bitcoin Core没有升级，它将不会中继或存储那些含有超大OP_RETURN的未确认交易（因为旧版本视之为非标准交易）。这可能导致未升级节点的内存池与升级节点不一致：某些在新版节点中合法存在的交易，在旧版中被拒之门外。不过这通常不影响闪电网络的运行，因为闪电通道相关交易本身不会包含OP_RETURN数据输出。此外，当这些交易被矿工打包进区块后，旧节点依然会接收到区块并处理。所以，即便LN节点的后端Bitcoin Core未升级，最坏情形只是它在交易未打包时可能感知不到这些“大数据”交易，但这通常无碍于闪电网络功能（闪电网络主要关心的是通道交易的确认情况）。

升级的好处和必要性：从闪电网络生态来看，放宽OP_RETURN限制反而可能带来一些正面作用。正如前述，已有闪电网络周边项目因为83字节限制不足，转而使用不可花费输出存储数据groups.google.com。例如 Antoine Poinsot 在邮件列表中提到的 Clementine 协议，将某些watchtower挑战数据存进Taproot输出，因为OP_RETURN容量不够groups.google.com。解除限制后，此类应用完全可以改用更友好的OP_RETURN输出来存储数据，不再制造永久占据UTXO集的“垃圾”UTXOgithub.com。因此，闪电网络的watchtower、跨链桥等组件若需要在链上写入证据数据，将可直接利用更大的OP_RETURN输出，网络整体效率和健壮性都会提升。

需要注意的是，如果PR最终被合并并广泛部署，闪电网络节点运营者应该升级其Bitcoin Core后端以跟上新的默认策略。升级后，其节点将和大多数网络节点一样中继和接受大OP_RETURN交易，确保自己的内存池和网络同步，不会漏掉一些潜在相关交易（尽管目前来看，这些交易对LN通道本身并无直接关联）。总之，从兼容性看不升级没有致命问题，但从网络参与度和功能上看，升级是有益的。

潜在的间接影响：反对者提出，解除限制可能导致区块和内存池充斥更多任意数据，从而推高链上手续费、影响闪电通道关闭时所需的手续费估计。例如，如果大量大OP_RETURN交易占据区块空间，链上拥堵加剧，LN通道关闭需要支付更高费用才能及时确认。这其实是一般性拥堵问题，并非LN特有的兼容性问题。支持者则认为，这正是自由市场作用的体现，使用链上空间就该竞争付费github.com。无论如何，闪电网络作为二层方案，其优势在于减少链上交互频率，链上手续费市场的变化对LN有影响但不改变其运行逻辑。LN节点只需确保其Bitcoin Core正常运行、及时跟上链上状态即可。

开发者讨论焦点：支持与反对观点

PR #32359 在开发者社区引发了激烈讨论，支持者和反对者针锋相对，各自提出了有力的论据。以下总结双方主要观点：

• 支持方观点：

• 当前限制无效且适得其反：支持者强调83字节上限并未阻止人们在链上存数据，反而促使更有害的行为。Peter Todd指出，很多协议改用不可花费UTXO或在scriptsig中藏数据来绕过OP_RETURN限制，结果增加了UTXO集膨胀，这是限制OP_RETURN带来的反效果github.com。与其如此，不如移除限制，让数据都写入可被丢弃的OP_RETURN输出，避免UTXO污染github.comgithub.com。正如一位支持者所言：“与其让尘埃UTXO永远留在UTXO集合，不如使用可证明不可花费的输出（OP_RETURN）”github.com。

• **限制易被绕过，增添维护负担：**由于有些矿工或服务商（如MARA Slipstream私有广播）本就接受大OP_RETURN交易，这一限制对有心者来说形同虚设github.com。同时，存在维护这个限制的代码和配置选项，增加了节点实现复杂度。Todd认为，与其让Bitcoin Core承担维护“低效甚至有害”的限制，不如干脆取消，有需要的人可以使用其他软件实现自己的政策github.com。他提到有替代的Bitcoin Knots节点可自行过滤“垃圾”交易，但没必要要求Bitcoin Core默认坚持这些无效限制github.com。

• 尊重自由市场，拥抱链上数据用例：部分支持者从理念上认为，比特币区块空间的使用应交由手续费市场决定，而不应由节点软件做人为限制。著名开发者 Jameson Lopp 表示，是时候承认“有人就是想用比特币做数据锚定”，我们应当提供更优方式满足这种需求，而不是一味阻碍github.com。他认为用户既然愿意付费存数据，就说明这种行为对他们有价值，矿工也有动力处理；网络层不应进行过度的“父爱”式管制github.com。对于反对者所称“大数据交易会挤占区块、抬高手续费”，Lopp直言“这本来就是区块空间市场运作方式”，愿付高费者得以优先确认，无可厚非github.com。

• 统一与简化策略：还有支持者指出，既然限制容易绕过且逐渐没人遵守，那保留它只会造成节点之间策略不一致，反而增加网络复杂性。通过取消限制，所有核心节点一致地接受任意大小OP_RETURN，可避免因为策略差异导致的网络孤块或中继不畅（尽管共识不受影响，但策略不一致会带来一些网络层问题）。同时删除相关配置项，意味着简化用户配置，减少困惑和误用。Peter Todd在回应保留配置选项的建议时提到，Bitcoin Core在Full-RBF功能上也曾移除过用户可选项，直接默认启用，因为现实证明矿工最终都会朝盈利的方向调整策略，节点自行设置反而无济于事github.com。他以RBF为例：在Core开启默认Full-RBF之前，矿工几乎已经100%自行采用了RBF策略，因此保留开关意义不大github.com。类比来看，数据交易也是如此：如果有利可图，矿工终会打包，无论节点是否选择不转发。

• 反对方观点：

• 去除限制会放松对垃圾交易的防线：反对者担心，一旦解除OP_RETURN限制，链上将出现更多纯粹存储数据的“垃圾”交易，给网络带来DoS攻击和资源消耗风险。开发者 BrazyDevelopment 详细描述了可能被加剧的攻击向量github.com：首先，“Flood-and-Loot”攻击——攻击者构造带有巨大OP_RETURN数据的低价值交易（符合共识规则，多笔交易可达数MB数据），疯狂填充各节点的内存池。github.com这样会占满节点内存和带宽，延迟正常交易的传播和确认，并推高手续费竞争。github.com虽然节点有maxmempool大小限制和最低中继费率等机制，但这些机制基于常规交易行为调校，面对异常海量的数据交易可能捉襟见肘github.com。其次，“RBF替换循环”攻击——攻击者可以利用无需额外费用的RBF替换，不断发布和替换包含大OP_RETURN的数据交易，在内存池中反复占据空间却不被确认，从而扰乱手续费市场和内存池秩序github.com。反对者认为，移除大小上限将使上述攻击更廉价、更容易实施github.com。他们主张即便要放宽，也应设定一个“高但合理”的上限（例如100KB），或在内存池压力大时动态调整限制，以保护较小资源节点的运行github.com。

• 用户丧失自定义策略的权利：一些开发者反对彻底删掉 -datacarrier 和 -datacarriersize 选项。他们认为即使大势所趋是接受更多数据，也应保留用户自主选择的空间。正如开发者 BitcoinMechanic 所言：“矿工接受大数据交易不代表用户就不能选择自己的内存池装些什么”github.com。目前用户可以通过配置将-datacarrier设为0（不中继OP_RETURN交易）或者调低-datacarriersize来严格限制自己节点的策略。直接去除这些选项，会让那些出于各种考虑（如运营受限资源节点、防范垃圾数据）的用户失去控制权。从这个角度看，反对者认为限制应该由用户 opt-in 地解除，而不是一刀切放开。开发者 Retropex 也表示：“如果矿工想要更大的数据载体交易，他们完全可以自行调整这些设置…没有理由剥夺矿工和节点运营者做选择的权利”github.com。

• 此改动非必要且不符合部分用户利益：有反对意见认为当前83字节其实已经能覆盖绝大多数合理应用需求，更大的数据上链并非比特币设计初衷。他们担心放开限制会鼓励把比特币区块链当作任意数据存储层，偏离“点对点电子现金”主线，可能带来长期的链膨胀问题。这一阵营有人将此争议上升为理念之争：是坚持比特币作为金融交易为主，还是开放成为通用数据区块链？有评论形容这场拉锯“有点类似2017年的扩容之争”，虽然本质不同（一个是共识层区块大小辩论，一个是策略层数据使用辩论），但双方观点分歧同样明显99bitcoins.com99bitcoins.com。一些反对者（如Luke Dashjr等）长期主张减少非必要的数据上链，此次更是明确 Concept NACK。Luke-Jr 认为，其实完全可以通过引入地址格式变化等办法来识别并限制存数据的交易，而不需要动用共识层改动github.com（虽然他也承认这会非常激进和不现实，但以此反驳“除了改共识无计可施”的观点）。总之，反对者倾向于维持现状：代码里已有的限制无需移除，至少不应在无压倒性共识下贸然改变github.com。

• 社区共识不足：许多开发者在GitHub上给出了“Concept NACK”（概念上不支持）的评价。一位参与者感叹：“又来？两年前讨论过的理由现在依然适用”github.com。在PR的Review日志中，可以看到反对此提案的活跃贡献者数量明显多于支持者github.com。例如，反对阵营包括 Luke-Jr、BitcoinMechanic、CryptoGuida、1ma 等众多开发者和社区成员，而支持此提案的核心开发者相对少一些（包括Jameson Lopp、Sjöors、Sergio Demian Lerner等）github.com。这种意见分裂显示出社区对取消OP_RETURN限制尚未达成广泛共识。一些反对者还担忧这么大的改动可能引发社区矛盾，甚至有人夸张地提到可能出现新的链分叉风险99bitcoins.com99bitcoins.com（虽然实际上由于不涉及共识，硬分叉风险很小，但社区内部分歧确实存在）。

综上，支持者聚焦于提高链上效率、顺应实际需求和减轻UTXO负担，认为解除限制利大于弊；而反对者强调网络稳健、安全和用户自主，担心轻易放开会招致滥用和攻击。双方在GitHub上的讨论异常热烈，很多评论获得了数十个👍或👎表态，可见整个社区对此议题的关注度之高github.comgithub.com。

PR当前状态及后续展望

截至目前（2025年5月初），PR #32359 仍处于开放讨论阶段，并未被合并。鉴于该提案在概念上收到了众多 NACK，缺乏开发者间的明确共识，短期内合并的可能性不大。GitHub 上的自动统计显示，给予“Concept NACK”的评审者数量显著超过“Concept ACK”的数量github.com。这表明在Bitcoin Core维护者看来，社区对是否采纳此改动存在明显分歧。按照 Bitcoin Core 一贯的谨慎作风，当一个提案存在较大争议时，通常会被搁置或要求进一步修改、讨论，而不会仓促合并。

目前，该PR正等待进一步的评审和讨论。有开发者提出了替代方案或折中思路。例如，Bitcoin Core维护者 instagibbs 提交了相关的 PR #32406，提议仅取消默认的OP_RETURN大小上限（等效于将-datacarriersize默认提高到极大），但保留配置选项，从而在不牺牲用户选择权的情况下实现功能开放github.com。这表明部分反对者并非完全拒绝放宽限制，而是希望以更温和的方式推进。PR #32359 与这些提案互相冲突，需要协调出统一的方案github.com。另外，也有开发者建议在测试网上模拟大OP_RETURN交易的攻击场景，以评估风险、说服怀疑者github.com。

审议状态总结：综合来看，PR #32359 尚未接近合并，更谈不上被正式接受进入下一个Bitcoin Core版本。它既没有被关闭（拒绝），也没有快速进入最终review/merge阶段，而是停留在激烈讨论中。目前Bitcoin Core的维护者并未给出明确的合并时间表，反而是在鼓励社区充分讨论其利弊。未来的走向可能有几种：要么提案经过修改（例如保留配置项、增加安全机制等）逐渐赢得共识后合并，要么维持搁置等待更明确的社区信号。此外，不排除开发者转而采用渐进路线——例如先在测试网络取消限制试验，或先提高上限值而非彻底移除，以观察效果。也有可能此提案最终会因共识不足而长期悬而不决。

总之，OP_RETURN字节限制之争体现了比特币开发中策略层决策的审慎和平衡：需要在创新开放与稳健保守之间找到折衷。PR #32359 所引发的讨论仍在持续，它的意义在于促使社区重新审视链上数据存储的策略取舍。无论最终结果如何，这一讨论本身对比特币的发展具有积极意义，因为它让开发者和社区更加清晰地权衡了比特币作为数据载体和价值载体的定位。我们将持续关注该提案的进展，以及围绕它所展开的进一步测试和论证。github.comgroups.google.com

引用来源：

• Bitcoin Core PR #32359 提案内容github.comgithub.com及开发者讨论（Peter Todd评论github.comgithub.com等）

• Bitcoin Dev 邮件列表讨论帖：《Relax OP_RETURN standardness restrictions》groups.google.comgroups.google.com

• GitHub 开发者评论摘录：支持意见（Jameson Loppgithub.com等）与反对意见（BitcoinMechanicgithub.com、BrazyDevelopmentgithub.com等）

• Bitcoin Core PR 评论自动统计（Concept ACK/NACK 汇总）github.com

@ d9a329af:bef580d7

Since 2022, Dungeons and Dragons has been going down a sort of death spiral after the release of a revised version of 5th Edition... which didn't turn out very well to say the least. In light of that, I present a list of TTRPGs you can play if you don't want to purchase 5E. I wouldn't recommend 5E, as I've DM'd it in the past. It tastes like a lollipop that's cockroach and larvae flavored.

This list of TTRPG games is in no particular order, though my favorite of these systems is number one.

1. Basic Fantasy Role-Playing Game (BFRPG)
2. B/X-style OSR retroclone with ascending armor class, and the original retroclone from 2006
3. Fully libre under CC BY-SA for the 4th Edition, and OGL 1.0a for 1-3 Editions.
4. Full books are free PDF files on the website (Basic Fantasy Website)
5. All BFRPG editions are compatible with each other, meaning you can have a 3rd Edition book to a 4th Edition game and still have fun. 4th Edition is just the removal of the 3E SRD that's in the OGL editions.
6. As with the core rulebooks, all the supplementation is free as a PDF as well, though you can buy physical books at cost (BFRPG principal rights holder Chris Gonnerman doesn't make much profit from Basic Fantasy)
7. Old-school community that's an all-around fantastic group of players, authors and enthusiasts.

8. Fun Fact: Out of all the TTRPGs I'd want to DM/GM the most, it'd be this one by far.

9. Iron Falcon (IF)

10. OD&D-style retroclone from 2015 (It's also by Gonnerman, same guy behind BFRPG)
11. A close ruleset to the White Box rules and supplements
12. Also fully libre under CC BY-SA for the latest releases, just like BFRPG for 4th Edition releases
13. Just like BFRPG, the core rules and supplementation come as PDF files for free, or physical books.

14. Fast and loose ruleset open to interpretation, just like in 1975-1981... somewhere right around that timeline for OD&D

15. Old-School Reference and Index Compendium (OSRIC)

16. AD&D 1E-based retroclone by Stewart Marshall and Matt Finch
17. An old system that surprisingly still holds up, even after a long time of no new versions of the rules
18. Extremely in-depth ruleset, licensed under OGL 1.0a and OSRIC Open License
19. Compatible with AD&D 1e modules for the 1st Edition, though 2.2 potentially has its own supplementation

20. I don't know much about it, as I'd be too slow to learn it. That's all I know, which is the above.

21. Ironsworn

22. Custom loosely-based PbtA (Powered by the Apocalypse) system by Shawn Tomkin from 2018
23. Includes GM, GMless and solo play in the rulebook
24. Supplementation is surely something else with one look at the downloads section for the PDFs of the original, which is free under CC BY-NC-SA. The SRD is under CC BY otherwise.
25. No original adventures are made for this system as are known, as it's expected that the Ironlands are where they take place

26. Fun Fact: This was a non-D&D system I considered running as a GM.

27. Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd Edition (AD&D 2e)

28. An official edition from 1989-2000
29. At the time, the most customizable edition in its history, before 3E took the spot as the most customizable edition
30. A streamlined revision of the AD&D 1E rules (AD&D 1E was exclusively written by E. Gary Gygax)
31. The end of old-school D&D, as 3E and beyond are different games altogether
32. Wide array of supplementation, which oversaturated 2E's customization... and most of it didn't sell well as a result
33. Final TSR-published edition of D&D, as they went bankrupt and out of business during this edition's life cycle, to then be liquidated to Wizards of the Coast (Boy did WOTC mess it up once 5.1E was released)

34. Fun Fact: A Canadian history professor named Dr. Robert Wardough runs a customized ruleset using 2E as a base, which he's been DMing since the 80's during the "Satanic Panic" (The Satanic Panic was fake as a result of horrible deceivers gaslighting people to not play D&D). He started RAW (Rules as Written), but saw some things he needed to change for his games, so he did so over time.

35. Moldvay/Cook Basic/Expert Dungeons & Dragons (B/X)

36. Competing system to 1E from 1981 and 1982
37. Official edition of D&D, part of the old-school era
38. Simplified rules for Basic, but some decently complex rules for Expert
39. Only goes up to Lv. 14, as it's potentially a 1E or White Box primer (similar to 1977 Basic)
40. Supplementation, from some research done, was decent for the time, and a little bit extensive
41. The inspiration for BFRPG in 2006 (Did I mention this already? Maybe I have, but I might emphasize that here too.)

42. Fun Fact: I considered running B/X, but decided that I'd do BFRPG, as the ascending armor class is easier math than with B/X and the THAC0 armor class (descending armor class).

43. Basic, Expert, Companion, Master, Immortal Dungeons & Dragons (BECMI) and/or Rules Cyclopedia

44. 1983 variant of the Moldvay/Cook Basic/Expert system, an official edition and part of the old-school era
45. Essentially, 1981 B/X D&D on steroids
46. 5 boxed sets were released for the five parts of the rules for this system
47. Rules Cyclopedia is a reprint of the 1983 Basic, Expert, Companion and Master rules boxed sets. The Immortal set was never reprinted outside of the original boxed set because Immortal is such a bizarre game within a game altogether.
48. With the first 4 boxed sets (whether individual sets or the Rules Cyclopedia), levels are 1-36

49. Fun Fact: This edition I was considering DMing as well, alongside BFRPG. They're similar rulesets with some mechanical differences, but I think either or would be worth it.

50. Original Dungeons & Dragons (OD&D or White Box)

51. The original release of D&D from 1974 written by Gygax and Dave Arneson, published by TSR
52. Uses the rules from Chainmail, a wargame made by Gygax and Jeff Perren
53. Base has three little booklets (Men & Magic, Monsters & Magic, and The Underworld & Wilderness Adventures), five official supplements were released (Greyhawk; Blackmoor; Eldritch Wizardry; Gods, Demi-Gods and Heroes; and Swords & Spells), and many more from fanzines
54. Fast and loose ruleset open to interpretation
55. Not based upon adventurers taking on dangerous quest, but kings commanding armies (which is why OD&D is actually a Chainmail supplement). The latter was the original purpose of D&D before it got changed in 2000.

There are many more games that are not D&D that you can look up too. See what you like, read the rules, learn them, and start playing with your group. Have fun and slay some monsters!

@ 56cd780f:cbde8b29

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Is it actually called “summary”?

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

I'm excited to announce the release of Applesauce v1.0.0! There are a few breaking changes and a lot of improvements and new features across all packages. Each package has been updated to 1.0.0, marking a stable API for developers to build upon.

Applesauce core changes

There was a change in the applesauce-core package in the QueryStore.

The Query interface has been converted to a method instead of an object with key and run fields.

A bunch of new helper methods and queries were added, checkout the changelog for a full list.

Applesauce Relay

There is a new applesauce-relay package that provides a simple RxJS based api for connecting to relays and publishing events.

Documentation: applesauce-relay

Features:

• A simple API for subscribing or publishing to a single relay or a group of relays
• No connect or close methods, connections are managed automatically by rxjs
• NIP-11 auth_required support
• Support for NIP-42 authentication
• Prebuilt or custom re-connection back-off
• Keep-alive timeout (default 30s)
• Client-side Negentropy sync support

Example Usage: Single relay

```typescript import { Relay } from "applesauce-relay";

// Connect to a relay const relay = new Relay("wss://relay.example.com");

// Create a REQ and subscribe to it relay .req({ kinds: [1], limit: 10, }) .subscribe((response) => { if (response === "EOSE") { console.log("End of stored events"); } else { console.log("Received event:", response); } }); ```

Example Usage: Relay pool

```typescript import { Relay, RelayPool } from "applesauce-relay";

// Create a pool with a custom relay const pool = new RelayPool();

// Create a REQ and subscribe to it pool .req(["wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://relay.snort.social"], { kinds: [1], limit: 10, }) .subscribe((response) => { if (response === "EOSE") { console.log("End of stored events on all relays"); } else { console.log("Received event:", response); } }); ```

Applesauce actions

Another new package is the applesauce-actions package. This package provides a set of async operations for common Nostr actions.

Actions are run against the events in the EventStore and use the EventFactory to create new events to publish.

Documentation: applesauce-actions

Example Usage:

```typescript import { ActionHub } from "applesauce-actions";

// An EventStore and EventFactory are required to use the ActionHub import { eventStore } from "./stores.ts"; import { eventFactory } from "./factories.ts";

// Custom publish logic const publish = async (event: NostrEvent) => { console.log("Publishing", event); await app.relayPool.publish(event, app.defaultRelays); };

// The publish method is optional for the async run method to work const hub = new ActionHub(eventStore, eventFactory, publish); ```

Once an ActionsHub is created, you can use the run or exec methods to execute actions:

```typescript import { FollowUser, MuteUser } from "applesauce-actions/actions";

// Follow fiatjaf await hub.run( FollowUser, "3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d", );

// Or use the exec method with a custom publish method await hub .exec( MuteUser, "3bf0c63fcb93463407af97a5e5ee64fa883d107ef9e558472c4eb9aaaefa459d", ) .forEach((event) => { // NOTE: Don't publish this event because we never want to mute fiatjaf // pool.publish(['wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com/'], event) }); ```

There are a log more actions including some for working with NIP-51 lists (private and public), you can find them in the reference

Applesauce loaders

The applesauce-loaders package has been updated to support any relay connection libraries and not just rx-nostr.

Before:

```typescript import { ReplaceableLoader } from "applesauce-loaders"; import { createRxNostr } from "rx-nostr";

// Create a new rx-nostr instance const rxNostr = createRxNostr();

// Create a new replaceable loader const replaceableLoader = new ReplaceableLoader(rxNostr); ```

After:

```typescript

import { Observable } from "rxjs"; import { ReplaceableLoader, NostrRequest } from "applesauce-loaders"; import { SimplePool } from "nostr-tools";

// Create a new nostr-tools pool const pool = new SimplePool();

// Create a method that subscribes using nostr-tools and returns an observable function nostrRequest: NostrRequest = (relays, filters, id) => { return new Observable((subscriber) => { const sub = pool.subscribe(relays, filters, { onevent: (event) => { subscriber.next(event); }, onclose: () => subscriber.complete(), oneose: () => subscriber.complete(), });

return () => sub.close();

}); };

// Create a new replaceable loader const replaceableLoader = new ReplaceableLoader(nostrRequest); ```

Of course you can still use rx-nostr if you want:

```typescript import { createRxNostr } from "rx-nostr";

// Create a new rx-nostr instance const rxNostr = createRxNostr();

// Create a method that subscribes using rx-nostr and returns an observable function nostrRequest( relays: string[], filters: Filter[], id?: string, ): Observable { // Create a new oneshot request so it will complete when EOSE is received const req = createRxOneshotReq({ filters, rxReqId: id }); return rxNostr .use(req, { on: { relays } }) .pipe(map((packet) => packet.event)); }

// Create a new replaceable loader const replaceableLoader = new ReplaceableLoader(nostrRequest); ```

There where a few more changes, check out the changelog

Applesauce wallet

Its far from complete, but there is a new applesauce-wallet package that provides a actions and queries for working with NIP-60 wallets.

Documentation: applesauce-wallet

Example Usage:

```typescript import { CreateWallet, UnlockWallet } from "applesauce-wallet/actions";

// Create a new NIP-60 wallet await hub.run(CreateWallet, ["wss://mint.example.com"], privateKey);

// Unlock wallet and associated tokens/history await hub.run(UnlockWallet, { tokens: true, history: true }); ```

@ a008def1:57a3564d

A Vision for #GitViaNostr

Git has long been the standard for version control in software development, but over time, we has lost its distributed nature. Originally, Git used open, permissionless email for collaboration, which worked well at scale. However, the rise of GitHub and its centralized pull request (PR) model has shifted the landscape.

Now, we have the opportunity to revive Git's permissionless and distributed nature through Nostr!

We’ve developed tools to facilitate Git collaboration via Nostr, but there are still significant friction that prevents widespread adoption. This article outlines a vision for how we can reduce those barriers and encourage more repositories to embrace this approach.

First, we’ll review our progress so far. Then, we’ll propose a guiding philosophy for our next steps. Finally, we’ll discuss a vision to tackle specific challenges, mainly relating to the role of the Git server and CI/CD.

I am the lead maintainer of ngit and gitworkshop.dev, and I’ve been fortunate to work full-time on this initiative for the past two years, thanks to an OpenSats grant.

How Far We’ve Come

The aim of #GitViaNostr is to liberate discussions around code collaboration from permissioned walled gardens. At the core of this collaboration is the process of proposing and applying changes. That's what we focused on first.

Since Nostr shares characteristics with email, and with NIP34, we’ve adopted similar primitives to those used in the patches-over-email workflow. This is because of their simplicity and that they don’t require contributors to host anything, which adds reliability and makes participation more accessible.

However, the fork-branch-PR-merge workflow is the only model many developers have known, and changing established workflows can be challenging. To address this, we developed a new workflow that balances familiarity, user experience, and alignment with the Nostr protocol: the branch-PR-merge model.

This model is implemented in ngit, which includes a Git plugin that allows users to engage without needing to learn new commands. Additionally, gitworkshop.dev offers a GitHub-like interface for interacting with PRs and issues. We encourage you to try them out using the quick start guide and share your feedback. You can also explore PRs and issues with gitplaza.

For those who prefer the patches-over-email workflow, you can still use that approach with Nostr through gitstr or the ngit send and ngit list commands, and explore patches with patch34.

The tools are now available to support the core collaboration challenge, but we are still at the beginning of the adoption curve.

Before we dive into the challenges—such as why the Git server setup can be jarring and the possibilities surrounding CI/CD—let’s take a moment to reflect on how we should approach the challenges ahead of us.

Philosophy

Here are some foundational principles I shared a few years ago:

• Let Git be Git
• Let Nostr be Nostr
• Learn from the successes of others

I’d like to add one more:

• Embrace anarchy and resist monolithic development.

Micro Clients FTW

Nostr celebrates simplicity, and we should strive to maintain that. Monolithic developments often lead to unnecessary complexity. Projects like gitworkshop.dev, which aim to cover various aspects of the code collaboration experience, should not stifle innovation.

Just yesterday, the launch of following.space demonstrated how vibe-coded micro clients can make a significant impact. They can be valuable on their own, shape the ecosystem, and help push large and widely used clients to implement features and ideas.

The primitives in NIP34 are straightforward, and if there are any barriers preventing the vibe-coding of a #GitViaNostr app in an afternoon, we should work to eliminate them.

Micro clients should lead the way and explore new workflows, experiences, and models of thinking.

Take kanbanstr.com. It provides excellent project management and organization features that work seamlessly with NIP34 primitives.

From kanban to code snippets, from CI/CD runners to SatShoot—may a thousand flowers bloom, and a thousand more after them.

Friction and Challenges

The Git Server

In #GitViaNostr, maintainers' branches (e.g., master) are hosted on a Git server. Here’s why this approach is beneficial:

• Follows the original Git vision and the "let Git be Git" philosophy.
• Super efficient, battle-tested, and compatible with all the ways people use Git (e.g., LFS, shallow cloning).
• Maintains compatibility with related systems without the need for plugins (e.g., for build and deployment).
• Only repository maintainers need write access.

In the original Git model, all users would need to add the Git server as a 'git remote.' However, with ngit, the Git server is hidden behind a Nostr remote, which enables:

• Hiding complexity from contributors and users, so that only maintainers need to know about the Git server component to start using #GitViaNostr.
• Maintainers can easily swap Git servers by updating their announcement event, allowing contributors/users using ngit to automatically switch to the new one.

Challenges with the Git Server

While the Git server model has its advantages, it also presents several challenges:

1. Initial Setup: When creating a new repository, maintainers must select a Git server, which can be a jarring experience. Most options come with bloated social collaboration features tied to a centralized PR model, often difficult or impossible to disable.

2. Manual Configuration: New repositories require manual configuration, including adding new maintainers through a browser UI, which can be cumbersome and time-consuming.

3. User Onboarding: Many Git servers require email sign-up or KYC (Know Your Customer) processes, which can be a significant turn-off for new users exploring a decentralized and permissionless alternative to GitHub.

Once the initial setup is complete, the system works well if a reliable Git server is chosen. However, this is a significant "if," as we have become accustomed to the excellent uptime and reliability of GitHub. Even professionally run alternatives like Codeberg can experience downtime, which is frustrating when CI/CD and deployment processes are affected. This problem is exacerbated when self-hosting.

Currently, most repositories on Nostr rely on GitHub as the Git server. While maintainers can change servers without disrupting their contributors, this reliance on a centralized service is not the decentralized dream we aspire to achieve.

Vision for the Git Server

The goal is to transform the Git server from a single point of truth and failure into a component similar to a Nostr relay.

Functionality Already in ngit to Support This

1. State on Nostr: Store the state of branches and tags in a Nostr event, removing reliance on a single server. This validates that the data received has been signed by the maintainer, significantly reducing the trust requirement.

2. Proxy to Multiple Git Servers: Proxy requests to all servers listed in the announcement event, adding redundancy and eliminating the need for any one server to match GitHub's reliability.

Implementation Requirements

To achieve this vision, the Nostr Git server implementation should:

1. Implement the Git Smart HTTP Protocol without authentication (no SSH) and only accept pushes if the reference tip matches the latest state event.

2. Avoid Bloat: There should be no user authentication, no database, no web UI, and no unnecessary features.

3. Automatic Repository Management: Accept or reject new repositories automatically upon the first push based on the content of the repository announcement event referenced in the URL path and its author.

Just as there are many free, paid, and self-hosted relays, there will be a variety of free, zero-step signup options, as well as self-hosted and paid solutions.

Some servers may use a Web of Trust (WoT) to filter out spam, while others might impose bandwidth or repository size limits for free tiers or whitelist specific npubs.

Additionally, some implementations could bundle relay and blossom server functionalities to unify the provision of repository data into a single service. These would likely only accept content related to the stored repositories rather than general social nostr content.

The potential role of CI / CD via nostr DVMs could create the incentives for a market of highly reliable free at the point of use git servers.

This could make onboarding #GitViaNostr repositories as easy as entering a name and selecting from a multi-select list of Git server providers that announce via NIP89.

!(image)[https://image.nostr.build/badedc822995eb18b6d3c4bff0743b12b2e5ac018845ba498ce4aab0727caf6c.jpg]

Git Client in the Browser

Currently, many tasks are performed on a Git server web UI, such as:

• Browsing code, commits, branches, tags, etc.
• Creating and displaying permalinks to specific lines in commits.
• Merging PRs.
• Making small commits and PRs on-the-fly.

Just as nobody goes to the web UI of a relay (e.g., nos.lol) to interact with notes, nobody should need to go to a Git server to interact with repositories. We use the Nostr protocol to interact with Nostr relays, and we should use the Git protocol to interact with Git servers. This situation has evolved due to the centralization of Git servers. Instead of being restricted to the view and experience designed by the server operator, users should be able to choose the user experience that works best for them from a range of clients. To facilitate this, we need a library that lowers the barrier to entry for creating these experiences. This library should not require a full clone of every repository and should not depend on proprietary APIs. As a starting point, I propose wrapping the WASM-compiled gitlib2 library for the web and creating useful functions, such as showing a file, which utilizes clever flags to minimize bandwidth usage (e.g., shallow clone, noblob, etc.).

This approach would not only enhance clients like gitworkshop.dev but also bring forth a vision where Git servers simply run the Git protocol, making vibe coding Git experiences even better.

song

nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 created song with a complementary vision that has shaped how I see the role of the git server. Its a self-hosted, nostr-permissioned git server with a relay baked in. Its currently a WIP and there are some compatability with ngit that we need to work out.

We collaborated on the nostr-permissioning approach now reflected in nip34.

I'm really excited to see how this space evolves.

CI/CD

Most projects require CI/CD, and while this is often bundled with Git hosting solutions, it is currently not smoothly integrated into #GitViaNostr yet. There are many loosely coupled options, such as Jenkins, Travis, CircleCI, etc., that could be integrated with Nostr.

However, the more exciting prospect is to use DVMs (Data Vending Machines).

DVMs for CI/CD

Nostr Data Vending Machines (DVMs) can provide a marketplace of CI/CD task runners with Cashu for micro payments.

There are various trust levels in CI/CD tasks:

• Tasks with no secrets eg. tests.
• Tasks using updatable secrets eg. API keys.
• Unverifiable builds and steps that sign with Android, Nostr, or PGP keys.

DVMs allow tasks to be kicked off with specific providers using a Cashu token as payment.

It might be suitable for some high-compute and easily verifiable tasks to be run by the cheapest available providers. Medium trust tasks could be run by providers with a good reputation, while high trust tasks could be run on self-hosted runners.

Job requests, status, and results all get published to Nostr for display in Git-focused Nostr clients.

Jobs could be triggered manually, or self-hosted runners could be configured to watch a Nostr repository and kick off jobs using their own runners without payment.

But I'm most excited about the prospect of Watcher Agents.

CI/CD Watcher Agents

AI agents empowered with a NIP60 Cashu wallet can run tasks based on activity, such as a push to master or a new PR, using the most suitable available DVM runner that meets the user's criteria. To keep them running, anyone could top up their NIP60 Cashu wallet; otherwise, the watcher turns off when the funds run out. It could be users, maintainers, or anyone interested in helping the project who could top up the Watcher Agent's balance.

As aluded to earlier, part of building a reputation as a CI/CD provider could involve running reliable hosting (Git server, relay, and blossom server) for all FOSS Nostr Git repositories.

This provides a sustainable revenue model for hosting providers and creates incentives for many free-at-the-point-of-use hosting providers. This, in turn, would allow one-click Nostr repository creation workflows, instantly hosted by many different providers.

Progress to Date

nostr:npub1hw6amg8p24ne08c9gdq8hhpqx0t0pwanpae9z25crn7m9uy7yarse465gr and nostr:npub16ux4qzg4qjue95vr3q327fzata4n594c9kgh4jmeyn80v8k54nhqg6lra7 have been working on a runner that uses GitHub Actions YAML syntax (using act) for the dvm-cicd-runner and takes Cashu payment. You can see example runs on GitWorkshop. It currently takes testnuts, doesn't give any change, and the schema will likely change.

Note: The actions tab on GitWorkshop is currently available on all repositories if you turn on experimental mode (under settings in the user menu).

It's a work in progress, and we expect the format and schema to evolve.

Easy Web App Deployment

For those disapointed not to find a 'Nostr' button to import a git repository to Vercel menu: take heart, they made it easy. vercel.com_import_options.png there is a vercel cli that can be easily called in CI / CD jobs to kick of deployments. Not all managed solutions for web app deployment (eg. netlify) make it that easy.

Many More Opportunities

Large Patches via Blossom

I would be remiss not to mention the large patch problem. Some patches are too big to fit into Nostr events. Blossom is perfect for this, as it allows these larger patches to be included in a blossom file and referenced in a new patch kind.

Enhancing the #GitViaNostr Experience

Beyond the large patch issue, there are numerous opportunities to enhance the #GitViaNostr ecosystem. We can focus on improving browsing, discovery, social and notifications. Receiving notifications on daily driver Nostr apps is one of the killer features of Nostr. However, we must ensure that Git-related notifications are easily reviewable, so we don’t miss any critical updates.

We need to develop tools that cater to our curiosity—tools that enable us to discover and follow projects, engage in discussions that pique our interest, and stay informed about developments relevant to our work.

Additionally, we should not overlook the importance of robust search capabilities and tools that facilitate migrations.

Concluding Thoughts

The design space is vast. Its an exciting time to be working on freedom tech. I encourage everyone to contribute their ideas and creativity and get vibe-coding!

I welcome your honest feedback on this vision and any suggestions you might have. Your insights are invaluable as we collaborate to shape the future of #GitViaNostr. Onward.

Contributions

To conclude, I want to acknowledge some the individuals who have made recent code contributions related to #GitViaNostr:

nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 (gitstr, song, patch34), nostr:npub1useke4f9maul5nf67dj0m9sq6jcsmnjzzk4ycvldwl4qss35fvgqjdk5ks (gitplaza)

nostr:npub1elta7cneng3w8p9y4dw633qzdjr4kyvaparuyuttyrx6e8xp7xnq32cume (ngit contributions, git-remote-blossom),nostr:npub16p8v7varqwjes5hak6q7mz6pygqm4pwc6gve4mrned3xs8tz42gq7kfhdw (SatShoot, Flotilla-Budabit), nostr:npub1ehhfg09mr8z34wz85ek46a6rww4f7c7jsujxhdvmpqnl5hnrwsqq2szjqv (Flotilla-Budabit, Nostr Git Extension), nostr:npub1ahaz04ya9tehace3uy39hdhdryfvdkve9qdndkqp3tvehs6h8s5slq45hy (gnostr and experiments), and others.

nostr:npub1uplxcy63up7gx7cladkrvfqh834n7ylyp46l3e8t660l7peec8rsd2sfek (git-remote-nostr)

Project Management nostr:npub1ltx67888tz7lqnxlrg06x234vjnq349tcfyp52r0lstclp548mcqnuz40t (kanbanstr) Code Snippets nostr:npub1ygzj9skr9val9yqxkf67yf9jshtyhvvl0x76jp5er09nsc0p3j6qr260k2 (nodebin.io) nostr:npub1r0rs5q2gk0e3dk3nlc7gnu378ec6cnlenqp8a3cjhyzu6f8k5sgs4sq9ac (snipsnip.dev)

CI / CD nostr:npub16ux4qzg4qjue95vr3q327fzata4n594c9kgh4jmeyn80v8k54nhqg6lra7 nostr:npub1hw6amg8p24ne08c9gdq8hhpqx0t0pwanpae9z25crn7m9uy7yarse465gr

and for their nostr:npub1c03rad0r6q833vh57kyd3ndu2jry30nkr0wepqfpsm05vq7he25slryrnw nostr:npub1qqqqqq2stely3ynsgm5mh2nj3v0nk5gjyl3zqrzh34hxhvx806usxmln03 and nostr:npub1l5sga6xg72phsz5422ykujprejwud075ggrr3z2hwyrfgr7eylqstegx9z for their testing, feedback, ideas and encouragement.

Thank you for your support and collaboration! Let me know if I've missed you.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Create

bash git bundle create backup.bundle --all

2. Verify

bash git bundle verify backup.bundle

3. Restore

bash git clone backup.bundle

ℹ️ Feel free to change the backup.bundle file name

@ 7501d519:e6ff3dcc

English: "Politicians steal billions and get light sentences, while the poor get jailed for stealing bread. Is the law just a tool for the rich?"

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/966062

@ 41959693:3888319c

Die Schnelllebigkeit der Moderne tilgt in unserer Wahrnehmung die zeitlichen Abstände von Ereignissen. Es bleibt kaum Gelegenheit ein Thema im Rückspiegel zu erfassen, zu durchdenken, zu rezipieren – schon buhlt der nächste Augenblick um Aufmerksamkeit.

Mögen an die Leipziger Buchmesse Ende März mittlerweile nur noch Visitenkarten und Selfies oder manch signiertes Exemplar im Buchregal erinnern; es lohnt sich doch, die größte deutsche Besuchermesse der Buchbranche nun rückblickend zu betrachten. Gerade da ihr Event-Charakter von Jahr zu Jahr zunimmt, ist die Frage reizvoll, welche beständigen Themen dort wie präsentiert wurden, in diesem Fall natürlich „Frieden“.

An allen vier Messetagen hielt ich die Augen auf, wo sich Autoren, Verlage und allgemeine die Institutionen der Branche dazu äußerten. Vorgreifend muss gesagt werden, dass Krieg und Frieden heute nicht mehr zwingend primäre Themen sind, sondern oft begleitend mitbehandelt werden. Für Zerstörung und Elend scheint dabei immer die große Bühne bereitet zu werden; einvernehmliche Koexistenz wird gewöhnlich mit leiser Klaviatur gespielt. Dennoch fand ich vier Bücher, welche direkt das Thema ansprachen:

• Die norwegische Soziologin und Publizistin Linn Stalsberg stellte ihr Werk „War is contempt for life. An essay on peace“ (ISBN: 978-8282262736, Res Publica, 2024) vor, in welchem sie auf all die Menschen eingeht, die für Pazifismus, Gewaltlosigkeit und Anti-Militarismus einstehen. Ihrer Meinung nach haben wir unzählige Berichte über Kriegs-, kaum jedoch Geschichten von Friedenshelden. Die deutsche Ausgabe soll im schweizerischen Kommode-Verlag im September diesen Jahres erscheinen.

• „Die Evolution der Gewalt. Warum wir Frieden wollen, aber Kriege führen“, geschrieben von Kai Michel, Harald Meller und Carel van Schaik, wurde für den Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse in der Kategorie Sachbuch/Essayistik nominiert. Die Autoren vertreten u. a. die Thesen, dass Krieg kein essentieller Gesellschaftsprozess ist, wie es einige geflügelte Worte oder ideologische Äußerungen vermuten lassen – und, dass die Erfolge der Bellizisten nur 1 % der Weltgeschichte ausmachen (ISBN: 978-3423284387, dtv, 2024).

• Der Publizist und taz-Redakteur Pascal Beucker gibt mit „Pazifismus – ein Irrweg?“ (ISBN 978-3170434325, Kohlhammer, 2024) eine Übersicht über die Geschichte des Pazifismus, geht auf in Vergessenheit geratene Hintergründe der einzelnen Motivationen und Bewegungen ein und wagt Zukunftsprognosen über die Erfolgschancen gewaltloser Auseinandersetzungen.

• Neben den Sachbüchern fand sich auch ein Vertreter aus dem Bereich der Belletristik: Rüdiger Heins und Michael Landgraf gaben eine Anthologie mit Friedenstexten, Prosa und Lyrik, heraus: „365 Tage Frieden“ (ISBN: 978-3930758951 Edition Maya, 2025), verspricht der Titel, für den zahlreiche Autoren auf ganz unterschiedliche Art und Weise träumten, sich erinnerten, uns mahnten und weiterhin hoffen.

Ansonsten fanden sich viele kleinere Veranstaltungsformate und Verlage, welche ihr Scherflein beitragen wollten, dabei aber sehr unscharf blieben und beispielsweise im Forum Offene Gesellschaft u. a. Grenzoffenheit, Toleranz und Inklusion behandelten. Inwieweit diese, in jüngster Vergangenheit doch recht stark medial forcierten Themen die zentrale Friedensfrage ergründen und stützen, ist vermutlich Auslegungssache.

Unsere Definition von Frieden mag nicht sonderlich scharf sein; jeder zieht darin andere Grenzen und wird sich situativ nach eigenem Gusto verhalten. Dennoch bewegt uns eine Grundschwingung, führt uns ein Sehnen in eine höhere, gemeinsame Richtung. Diese Erkenntnis ist es wert, durch den Lauf der Geschichte bewahrt zu werden, durch aktuelle Zeugnisse ebenso wie durch die Gedanken derer, die vor uns waren.

---

Ich habe beschlossen diese Bücher für Sie, werte Leser, in den nächsten Wochen nach und nach zu rezensieren.

---

Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.

Not yet on Nostr and want the full experience? Easy onboarding via Start.

Artikel findet man auch auf Telegram unter:

https://t.me/pareto_artikel

https://t.me/friedenstaube_artikel

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

A debonair day-to-night hideaway fuses heritage charm with contemporary flair in the Penang capital of George Town...

Housed in a historic landmark on George Town’s atmospheric Lebuh Farquhar, just a stone’s throw from the iconic Eastern & Oriental Hotel, MOJO JOJO is a café and brunch spot by day, and a refined eatery come nightfall. With an effortlessly cool edge, the space has been designed by Empt Studio and combines contemporary charm with the energy of this Malaysian city.

Split into two sections, the venue caters to both hotel guests and passersby. One side offers an intimate, tailored dining experience for those seeking a respite from the buzz of outside, while the other spills out onto the street, embracing George Town’s lively buzz. The soaring ceilings create a sense of openness, further enhanced by the introduction of a mezzanine above the kitchen, maximising space without compromising on airiness.

Natural materials feature throughout with custom bamboo display systems and solid Nyatoh timber fixtures lending a rich, textural warmth. Deliberately crafted interlocking joints pay homage to traditional woodworking techniques, reinforcing both strength and authenticity. Every detail nods to meticulous craftsmanship, from the aged wood grains to the earthy material palette that echoes the heritage of its surroundings.

Lighting plays a supporting yet pivotal role, with carefully curated, softly diffused illumination accentuating the textures and forms within. The interplay of warm light and natural materials fosters an immersive, atmospheric retreat from the fast-paced city outside.

A refuge for slow mornings and, later on, offering a more cultured affair, MOJO JOJO is a debonair dining spot for the handsome Penang capital.

Read more https://www.emptstudio.com/projects/mojojojo

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/966008

@ cb4352cd:a16422d7

Artificial intelligence is no longer just a buzzword — it’s becoming the quiet powerhouse behind many of the most meaningful changes in financial services. From helping people access credit to stopping fraud in its tracks, AI is making the financial world faster, smarter, and more personal.

Smarter Risk Management

Until recently, getting a loan meant paperwork, credit history checks, and plenty of waiting. But now, AI models can process huge amounts of data — including mobile usage and online behavior — to help lenders better understand a borrower’s real financial picture.

Startups like Upstart and Zest AI are making credit more inclusive by moving beyond legacy scoring models and enabling access to financing for underserved communities.

Personalized Financial Services

Robo-advisors like Betterment and Wealthfront are already using AI to build investment portfolios tailored to individual users. Digital banks use machine learning to analyze spending, offer savings tips, or spot unusual charges.

Meanwhile, virtual assistants and intelligent chatbots help customers manage finances without ever speaking to a human. The result? Financial tools that feel personal — and actually useful.

Fighting Fraud in Real Time

AI is becoming essential in financial security. Firms like Darktrace and Feedzai deploy AI systems that monitor transaction data in real time and flag anything suspicious. They learn from each interaction, making fraud detection faster and more accurate over time.

And in compliance, AI-powered tools can digest dense regulatory texts and help institutions stay within complex legal boundaries.

AI in Trading and Asset Management

In the world of trading, AI is now a key player. Quantitative funds use it to test strategies, scan headlines, and model price movements in seconds. Machine learning enables more nuanced, high-frequency trading — and can even spot trends before humans notice.

The Road Ahead: AI as a Financial Foundation

What once sounded futuristic is now foundational. AI is being woven into nearly every layer of financial services — and the impact is only just beginning.

The Beyond Banking Conference by WeFi will explore what’s next. From ethical AI use to the automation of banking infrastructure, the event will bring together leaders from FinTech, Web3, and AI to map the future of finance.

AI may not replace human judgment — but it’s already changing how we understand money, trust, and access.

@ 52b4a076:e7fad8bd

I have been recently building NFDB, a new relay DB. This post is meant as a short overview.

Regular relays have challenges

Current relay software have significant challenges, which I have experienced when hosting Nostr.land: - Scalability is only supported by adding full replicas, which does not scale to large relays. - Most relays use slow databases and are not optimized for large scale usage. - Search is near-impossible to implement on standard relays. - Privacy features such as NIP-42 are lacking. - Regular DB maintenance tasks on normal relays require extended downtime. - Fault-tolerance is implemented, if any, using a load balancer, which is limited. - Personalization and advanced filtering is not possible. - Local caching is not supported.

NFDB: A scalable database for large relays

NFDB is a new database meant for medium-large scale relays, built on FoundationDB that provides: - Near-unlimited scalability - Extended fault tolerance - Instant loading - Better search - Better personalization - and more.

Search

NFDB has extended search capabilities including: - Semantic search: Search for meaning, not words. - Interest-based search: Highlight content you care about. - Multi-faceted queries: Easily filter by topic, author group, keywords, and more at the same time. - Wide support for event kinds, including users, articles, etc.

Personalization

NFDB allows significant personalization: - Customized algorithms: Be your own algorithm. - Spam filtering: Filter content to your WoT, and use advanced spam filters. - Topic mutes: Mute topics, not keywords. - Media filtering: With Nostr.build, you will be able to filter NSFW and other content - Low data mode: Block notes that use high amounts of cellular data. - and more

Other

NFDB has support for many other features such as: - NIP-42: Protect your privacy with private drafts and DMs - Microrelays: Easily deploy your own personal microrelay - Containers: Dedicated, fast storage for discoverability events such as relay lists

Calcite: A local microrelay database

Calcite is a lightweight, local version of NFDB that is meant for microrelays and caching, meant for thousands of personal microrelays.

Calcite HA is an additional layer that allows live migration and relay failover in under 30 seconds, providing higher availability compared to current relays with greater simplicity. Calcite HA is enabled in all Calcite deployments.

For zero-downtime, NFDB is recommended.

Noswhere SmartCache

Relays are fixed in one location, but users can be anywhere.

Noswhere SmartCache is a CDN for relays that dynamically caches data on edge servers closest to you, allowing: - Multiple regions around the world - Improved throughput and performance - Faster loading times

routerd

routerd is a custom load-balancer optimized for Nostr relays, integrated with SmartCache.

routerd is specifically integrated with NFDB and Calcite HA to provide fast failover and high performance.

Ending notes

NFDB is planned to be deployed to Nostr.land in the coming weeks.

A lot more is to come. 👀️️️️️️

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Hubless Wheels + Donut Motor brings manufacturing & performance benefits

Verge Next, a subsidiary of Estonia-based Verge Motorcycles, invented this Donut Motor. It's designed to drive a hubless wheel. Although once seen as something that simply looked cool in renderings, the company says the hubless arrangement brings performance and manufacturing benefits, "delivering unmatched torque and power density with minimal weight."

For one thing, there's no chain, belt or drivetrain required. Secondly, it frees the body of the bike from the task of holding the motor—everything is now contained within that rear wheel.

The company has not only incorporated the Donut Motor into their own bikes, but is now licensing the technology. Assuming it does what it says on the tin, our future streetscapes will be covered with hubless bikes, scooters and motorcycles.

Here's a closer look at a Verge bike and how its design is influenced by the motor:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Og9vlJRe2-M

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/966001

@ b99efe77:f3de3616

asfadfadsf

afasdfasdfsadf

Places & Transitions

• Places:

• Bla bla bla: some text

• Transitions:

• start: Initializes the system.
• logTask: bla bla bla.

petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

O Contexto Legal Brasileiro e o Consentimento

No ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o consentimento do ofendido pode, em certas circunstâncias, afastar a ilicitude de um ato que, sem ele, configuraria crime (como lesão corporal leve, prevista no Art. 129 do Código Penal). Contudo, o consentimento tem limites claros: não é válido para bens jurídicos indisponíveis, como a vida, e sua eficácia é questionável em casos de lesões corporais graves ou gravíssimas.

A prática de BDSM consensual situa-se em uma zona complexa. Em tese, se ambos os parceiros são adultos, capazes, e consentiram livre e informadamente nos atos praticados, sem que resultem em lesões graves permanentes ou risco de morte não consentido, não haveria crime. O desafio reside na comprovação desse consentimento, especialmente se uma das partes, posteriormente, o negar ou alegar coação.

A Lei Maria da Penha (Lei nº 11.340/2006)

A Lei Maria da Penha é um marco fundamental na proteção da mulher contra a violência doméstica e familiar. Ela estabelece mecanismos para coibir e prevenir tal violência, definindo suas formas (física, psicológica, sexual, patrimonial e moral) e prevendo medidas protetivas de urgência.

Embora essencial, a aplicação da lei em contextos de BDSM pode ser delicada. Uma alegação de violência por parte da mulher, mesmo que as lesões ou situações decorram de práticas consensuais, tende a receber atenção prioritária das autoridades, dada a presunção de vulnerabilidade estabelecida pela lei. Isso pode criar um cenário onde o parceiro masculino enfrenta dificuldades significativas em demonstrar a natureza consensual dos atos, especialmente se não houver provas robustas pré-constituídas.

Outros riscos:

Lesão corporal grave ou gravíssima (art. 129, §§ 1º e 2º, CP), não pode ser justificada pelo consentimento, podendo ensejar persecução penal.

Crimes contra a dignidade sexual (arts. 213 e seguintes do CP) são de ação pública incondicionada e independem de representação da vítima para a investigação e denúncia.

Riscos de Falsas Acusações e Alegação de Coação Futura

Os riscos para os praticantes de BDSM, especialmente para o parceiro que assume o papel dominante ou que inflige dor/restrição (frequentemente, mas não exclusivamente, o homem), podem surgir de diversas frentes:

1. Acusações Externas: Vizinhos, familiares ou amigos que desconhecem a natureza consensual do relacionamento podem interpretar sons, marcas ou comportamentos como sinais de abuso e denunciar às autoridades.
2. Alegações Futuras da Parceira: Em caso de término conturbado, vingança, arrependimento ou mudança de perspectiva, a parceira pode reinterpretar as práticas passadas como abuso e buscar reparação ou retaliação através de uma denúncia. A alegação pode ser de que o consentimento nunca existiu ou foi viciado.
3. Alegação de Coação: Uma das formas mais complexas de refutar é a alegação de que o consentimento foi obtido mediante coação (física, moral, psicológica ou econômica). A parceira pode alegar, por exemplo, que se sentia pressionada, intimidada ou dependente, e que seu "sim" não era genuíno. Provar a ausência de coação a posteriori é extremamente difícil.
4. Ingenuidade e Vulnerabilidade Masculina: Muitos homens, confiando na dinâmica consensual e na parceira, podem negligenciar a necessidade de precauções. A crença de que "isso nunca aconteceria comigo" ou a falta de conhecimento sobre as implicações legais e o peso processual de uma acusação no âmbito da Lei Maria da Penha podem deixá-los vulneráveis. A presença de marcas físicas, mesmo que consentidas, pode ser usada como evidência de agressão, invertendo o ônus da prova na prática, ainda que não na teoria jurídica.

Estratégias de Prevenção e Mitigação

Não existe um método infalível para evitar completamente o risco de uma falsa acusação, mas diversas medidas podem ser adotadas para construir um histórico de consentimento e reduzir vulnerabilidades:

1. Comunicação Explícita e Contínua: A base de qualquer prática BDSM segura é a comunicação constante. Negociar limites, desejos, palavras de segurança ("safewords") e expectativas antes, durante e depois das cenas é crucial. Manter registros dessas negociações (e-mails, mensagens, diários compartilhados) pode ser útil.

2. Documentação do Consentimento:

   • Contratos de Relacionamento/Cena: Embora a validade jurídica de "contratos BDSM" seja discutível no Brasil (não podem afastar normas de ordem pública), eles servem como forte evidência da intenção das partes, da negociação detalhada de limites e do consentimento informado. Devem ser claros, datados, assinados e, idealmente, reconhecidos em cartório (para prova de data e autenticidade das assinaturas).

   • Registros Audiovisuais: Gravar (com consentimento explícito para a gravação) discussões sobre consentimento e limites antes das cenas pode ser uma prova poderosa. Gravar as próprias cenas é mais complexo devido a questões de privacidade e potencial uso indevido, mas pode ser considerado em casos específicos, sempre com consentimento mútuo documentado para a gravação.

     Importante: a gravação deve ser com ciência da outra parte, para não configurar violação da intimidade (art. 5º, X, da Constituição Federal e art. 20 do Código Civil).

3. Testemunhas: Em alguns contextos de comunidade BDSM, a presença de terceiros de confiança durante negociações ou mesmo cenas pode servir como testemunho, embora isso possa alterar a dinâmica íntima do casal.

4. Estabelecimento Claro de Limites e Palavras de Segurança: Definir e respeitar rigorosamente os limites (o que é permitido, o que é proibido) e as palavras de segurança é fundamental. O desrespeito a uma palavra de segurança encerra o consentimento para aquele ato.
5. Avaliação Contínua do Consentimento: O consentimento não é um cheque em branco; ele deve ser entusiástico, contínuo e revogável a qualquer momento. Verificar o bem-estar do parceiro durante a cena ("check-ins") é essencial.
6. Discrição e Cuidado com Evidências Físicas: Ser discreto sobre a natureza do relacionamento pode evitar mal-entendidos externos. Após cenas que deixem marcas, é prudente que ambos os parceiros estejam cientes e de acordo, talvez documentando por fotos (com data) e uma nota sobre a consensualidade da prática que as gerou.
7. Aconselhamento Jurídico Preventivo: Consultar um advogado especializado em direito de família e criminal, com sensibilidade para dinâmicas de relacionamento alternativas, pode fornecer orientação personalizada sobre as melhores formas de documentar o consentimento e entender os riscos legais específicos.

Observações Importantes

• Nenhuma documentação substitui a necessidade de consentimento real, livre, informado e contínuo.
• A lei brasileira protege a "integridade física" e a "dignidade humana". Práticas que resultem em lesões graves ou que violem a dignidade de forma não consentida (ou com consentimento viciado) serão ilegais, independentemente de qualquer acordo prévio.
• Em caso de acusação, a existência de documentação robusta de consentimento não garante a absolvição, mas fortalece significativamente a defesa, ajudando a demonstrar a natureza consensual da relação e das práticas.

• A alegação de coação futura é particularmente difícil de prevenir apenas com documentos. Um histórico consistente de comunicação aberta (whatsapp/telegram/e-mails), respeito mútuo e ausência de dependência ou controle excessivo na relação pode ajudar a contextualizar a dinâmica como não coercitiva.

• Cuidado com Marcas Visíveis e Lesões Graves Práticas que resultam em hematomas severos ou lesões podem ser interpretadas como agressão, mesmo que consentidas. Evitar excessos protege não apenas a integridade física, mas também evita questionamentos legais futuros.

O que vem a ser consentimento viciado

No Direito, consentimento viciado é quando a pessoa concorda com algo, mas a vontade dela não é livre ou plena — ou seja, o consentimento existe formalmente, mas é defeituoso por alguma razão.

O Código Civil brasileiro (art. 138 a 165) define várias formas de vício de consentimento. As principais são:

Erro: A pessoa se engana sobre o que está consentindo. (Ex.: A pessoa acredita que vai participar de um jogo leve, mas na verdade é exposta a práticas pesadas.)

Dolo: A pessoa é enganada propositalmente para aceitar algo. (Ex.: Alguém mente sobre o que vai acontecer durante a prática.)

Coação: A pessoa é forçada ou ameaçada a consentir. (Ex.: "Se você não aceitar, eu termino com você" — pressão emocional forte pode ser vista como coação.)

Estado de perigo ou lesão: A pessoa aceita algo em situação de necessidade extrema ou abuso de sua vulnerabilidade. (Ex.: Alguém em situação emocional muito fragilizada é induzida a aceitar práticas que normalmente recusaria.)

No contexto de BDSM, isso é ainda mais delicado: Mesmo que a pessoa tenha "assinado" um contrato ou dito "sim", se depois ela alegar que seu consentimento foi dado sob medo, engano ou pressão psicológica, o consentimento pode ser considerado viciado — e, portanto, juridicamente inválido.

Isso tem duas implicações sérias:

1. O crime não se descaracteriza: Se houver vício, o consentimento é ignorado e a prática pode ser tratada como crime normal (lesão corporal, estupro, tortura, etc.).

2. A prova do consentimento precisa ser sólida: Mostrando que a pessoa estava informada, lúcida, livre e sem qualquer tipo de coação.

   Consentimento viciado é quando a pessoa concorda formalmente, mas de maneira enganada, forçada ou pressionada, tornando o consentimento inútil para efeitos jurídicos.

Conclusão

Casais que praticam BDSM consensual no Brasil navegam em um terreno que exige não apenas confiança mútua e comunicação excepcional, mas também uma consciência aguçada das complexidades legais e dos riscos de interpretações equivocadas ou acusações mal-intencionadas. Embora o BDSM seja uma expressão legítima da sexualidade humana, sua prática no Brasil exige responsabilidade redobrada. Ter provas claras de consentimento, manter a comunicação aberta e agir com prudência são formas eficazes de se proteger de falsas alegações e preservar a liberdade e a segurança de todos os envolvidos. Embora leis controversas como a Maria da Penha sejam "vitais" para a proteção contra a violência real, os praticantes de BDSM, e em particular os homens nesse contexto, devem adotar uma postura proativa e prudente para mitigar os riscos inerentes à potencial má interpretação ou instrumentalização dessas práticas e leis, garantindo que a expressão de sua consensualidade esteja resguardada na medida do possível.

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Importante: No Brasil, mesmo com tudo isso, o Ministério Público pode denunciar por crime como lesão corporal grave, estupro ou tortura, independente de consentimento. Então a prudência nas práticas é fundamental.

Aviso Legal: Este artigo tem caráter meramente informativo e não constitui aconselhamento jurídico. As leis e interpretações podem mudar, e cada situação é única. Recomenda-se buscar orientação de um advogado qualificado para discutir casos específicos.

Se curtiu este artigo faça uma contribuição, se tiver algum ponto relevante para o artigo deixe seu comentário.

@ 526bec6a:07c68d13

01: Counterfeiting Money002: Credit Card Fraud003: Making Plastic Explosives from Bleach004: Picking Master Locks005: The Arts of Lockpicking I006: The Arts of Lockpicking II007: Solidox Bombs008: High Tech Revenge: The Beigebox (NEW Revision 4.14)009: CO2 Bombs010: Thermite Bombs (NEW Rivision, 4.14)011: Touch Explosives012: Letter Bombs013: Paint Bombs014: Ways to send a car to HELL015: Do ya hate school? (NEW Revision, 4.14)016: Phone related vandalism017: Highway police radar jamming018: Smoke Bombs019: Mail Box Bombs020: Hotwiring cars021: Napalm022: Fertilizer Bomb023: Tennis Ball Bomb024: Diskette Bombs025: Unlisted Phone Numbers (NEW Revision, 4.14)026: Fuses027: How to make Potassium Nitrate028: Exploding Lightbulbs029: Under water igniters030: Home-brew blast cannon031: Chemical Equivalency List032: Phone Taps033: Landmines034: A different kind of Molitov Cocktail035: Phone Systems Tutorial I036: Phone Systems Tutorial II037: Basic Alliance Teleconferencing038: Aqua Box Plans039: Hindenberg Bomb040: How to Kill Someone with your Bare Hands041: Phone Systems Tutorial III042: Black Box Plans043: The Blotto Box044: Blowgun045: Brown Box Plans046: Calcium Carbide Bomb047: More Ways to Send a Car to Hell048: Ripping off Change Machines (NEW Revision, 4.14)049: Clear Box Plans050: CNA Number Listing051: Electronic Terrorism052: How to Start a Conference w/o 2600hz or M-F053: Dynamite054: Auto Exhaust Flame Thower055: How to Break into BBS Express056: Firebomb057: Fuse Bomb058: Generic Bomb059: Green Box Plans060: Portable Grenade Launcher061: Basic Hacking Tutorial I062: Basic Hacking Tutorial II063: Hacking DEC's064: Harmless Bombs 065: Breaking into Houses (NEW Revision, 4.14)066: Hypnotism067: Remote Informer Issue #1068: Jackpotting ATM Machines069: Jug Bomb070: Fun at K-Mart071: Mace Substitute072: How to Grow Marijuana073: Match Head Bomb074: Terrorizing McDonalds075: "Mentor's" Last Words076: The Myth of the 2600hz Detector077: Blue Box Plans (Ye' olde Favorite)078: Napalm II079: Nitroglycerin Recipe080: Operation: Fuckup081: Stealing Calls from Payphones082: Pool Fun (NEW Revision, 4.14)083: Free Postage084: Unstable Explosives085: Weird Drugs086: The Art of Carding087: Recognizing Credit Cards088: How to Get a New Identity089: Remote Informer Issue #2090: Remote Informer Issue #3091: Remote Informer Issue #4092: Remote Informer Issue #5093: Phreaker's Guide to Loop Lines094: Ma-Bell Tutorial095: Getting Money out of Pay Phones096: Computer-based PBX097: PC-Pursuit Port Statistics098: Pearl Box Plans099: The Phreak File100: Red Box Plans101: RemObs102: Scarlet Box Plans103: Silver Box Plans104: Bell Trashing105: Canadian WATS Phonebook106: Hacking TRW107: Hacking VAX & UNIX108: Verification Circuits109: White Box Plans110: The BLAST Box111: Dealing with the Rate & Route Operator112: Cellular Phone Phreaking113: Cheesebox Plans114: How to Start Your Own Conferences115: Gold Box Plans116: The History of ESS117: The Lunch Box118: Olive Box Plans119: The Tron Box120: More TRW Info121: "Phreaker's Phunhouse"122: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 27 (Intro to MIDNET)123: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 27 (The Making of a Hacker)124: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 28 (Network Miscellany)125: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 28 (Pearl Box Schematic)126: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 28 (Snarfing Remote Files)127: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 30 (Western Union, Telex, TWX & Time Service)128: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 30 (Hacking & Tymnet)129: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 3, Issue 30 (The DECWRL Mail Gateway)130: Sodium Chlorate131: Mercury Fulminate132: Improvised Black Powder 133: Nitric Acid134: Dust Bomb Instructions135: Carbon-Tet Explosive136: Making Picric Acid from Aspirin137: Reclamation of RDX from C-4 Explosives138: Egg-based Gelled Flame Fuels139: Clothespin Switch140: Flexible Plate Switch141: Low Signature Systems (Silencers)142: Delay Igniter From Cigarette143: Nicotine144: Dried Seed Timer145: Nail Grenade146: Bell Glossary147: Phone Dial Locks -- How to Beat'em148: Exchange Scanning149: A Short History of Phreaking150: "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" (story)151: The History of British Phreaking152: "Bad as Shit" (story)153: Telenet154: Fucking with the Operator155: Phrack Magazine - Vol. 1, Issue 1 (The Phone Preak's Fry-Um Guide)156: International Country Code Listing157: Infinity Transmitter Schematic and Plans158: LSD159: Bananas160: Yummy Marihuana Recipes161: Peanuts162: Chemical Fire Bottle163: Igniter from Book Matches164: "Red or White Powder" Propellant165: Pipe Hand Grenade166: European Credit Card Fraud (Written by Creditman! A Cookbook IV Recap!!)167: Potassium Bomb168: Your Legal Rights (For adults, or some of us think we are)169: Juvenile Offenders' Rights170: Down The Road Missle171: Fun With ShotGunn Shells172: Surveillance Equipment173: Drip Timer174: Stealing175: Miscellaneous176: Shaving cream bomb177: Ripping off change machines 2178: Lockpicking the EASY way179: Anarchy 'N' Explosives Prelude180: Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol. 1181: Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol. 2182: Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol. 3183: Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol. 4184: Anarchy 'N' Explosives Vol. 5185: Explosives and Propellants186: Lockpicking 3187: Chemical Equivalent List 2188: Nitroglycerin 2189: Cellulose Nitrate190: Starter Explosives191: Flash Powder192: Exploding Pens193: Revised Pipe Bombs 4.14194: * SAFETY * A MUST READ!195: Ammonium TriIodide196: Sulfuric Acid / Ammonium Nitrate III197: Black Powder 3198: Nitrocellulose199: R.D.X. (Revised 4.14)200: The Black Gate BBS 201: ANFOS202: Picric Acid 2203: Bottled Explosives204: Dry Ice205: Fuses / Ignitors / Delays206: Film Canister Bombs207: Book Bombs208: Phone Bombs209: Special Ammunition210: Rocketry211: Pipe Cannon 2212: Smoke Bombs 4.14213: Firecrackers214: Suppliers II215: Lab-Raid Checklist216: Misc. Anarchy217: LockPicking 4218: Misc. Anarchy II219: -* THERMITE 4 Index of Additions to the Anarchist Cookbook

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1. Ripping off Coke Machines
2. Build an original style zip gun
3. Diary of a hacker part one
4. Diary of a hacker part two
5. How to create a new identity
6. Findind Security Holes
7. Hacking techniques
8. Composite Rocket Fuels
9. The Complete Social Engineering faq's
10. Association Betting System
11. The Beginners Betting System
12. The Dream Racing System
13. The NetProfits Racing Plan
14. The Professional Betting System
15. Unix Hacking Tutorial
16. Extract from the New York Times
17. Unix Hacking Commands
18. Home Brew Blast Cannon
19. Down The Road Missile
20. Internet email security
21. Pneumatic spud gun
22. The School Stoppers Textbook
23. The Big Book of Mischief
24. Terror Handbook - 100% bombs and explosives
25. Beginners guide to hacking and phreaking
26. Easy Grenades/Rockets
27. toilet bowl cleaner Bomb
28. Blowgun![

@ 526bec6a:07c68d13

Let’s talk about a straightforward betting strategy that’s been around for years, often used by folks who treat horse racing more like a business than a gamble. This method is all about following a clear staking plan to aim for a small, consistent profit per race—without needing to be a racing expert. I’ll break it down step-by-step so it’s easy to understand, even if you’re new to this! The Goal: Small, Steady Wins The idea here is to aim for a target profit (T) of 5 points per race. Think of a "point" as a unit of money you decide on—it could be $50, $1, or whatever you’re comfortable with. For example, I use a starting bank of $200, and I set each point at $1. So, 5 points = $5 profit per race. Important Rule: Once you pick the value of a point, stick with it throughout the entire betting sequence. Don’t change it, no matter what happens! Why This Works (Even If You Know Nothing About Racing) This plan is designed so that you’ll eventually win, even if you’re clueless about horses. The catch? You need to be patient and okay with small profits per point because the stakes (the amount you bet) can grow after each loss. For example: If you set each point at £1 and lose 10 races in a row, your 11th bet would need to recover $55 (your target plus losses). If you set each point at 25p, you’d only need to recover $13.75 after 10 losses. See the difference? Lower point values mean smaller risks, but also smaller profits. Pick a point value that matches the risk you’re willing to take and the profit you want to make. How the Staking Plan Works Here’s the basic idea: you start with a target profit of 5 points per race. If you lose, you add your loss to the next race’s target. If you win, you subtract your gain. The goal is to keep going until you hit your total profit target, then start over. Let’s break down the key terms: T (Target): Your profit goal for the race (starts at 5 points). T + L: Your target plus any losses from previous races (or minus any gains if you won). S (Stake): How much you bet on the race. R (Result): Whether you won (e.g., 2-1 means the horse paid 2-to-1 odds) or lost (L). W (Points Won): How many points you gained from a win. L (Points Lost): How many points you lost from a bet. AWL (Running Total): Your accumulated wins and losses over the sequence. Once you reach your overall profit goal (like 40 points in the example below), you take your winnings and start the sequence over with a 5-point target. Example Sequence: Watch It in Action Here’s a sample sequence to show how this plays out. I’m using a 1-per-point value for simplicity:What happened here? In Race 1, I aimed for 5 points but lost my 2-point stake, so my running total is -2. In Race 2, I added my loss (2) to the new target (10), so I’m aiming for 12 points. I lost again, so my running total drops to -6. By Race 8, I finally hit a big win (4-1 odds), gaining 44 points. My running total jumps to +50, which exceeds my overall target of 40 points. I take my profit ($50 if each point is $1) and start over in Race 9 with a 5-point target. How to Calculate Your Stake To figure out how much to bet (your stake), take your T + L (target plus losses) and divide by 3, rounding to the nearest whole number. Why 3? Because you want to bet on horses with odds of 3-1 or higher. A win at those odds will cover all your losses and give you your target profit. For example: In Race 4, my T + L is 33. Divide by 3: 33 ÷ 3 = 11. So, I bet 11 points. My horse wins at 2-1 odds, so I get 22 points back (11 × 2). This clears my losses and gives me a profit. Pro Tip: Stick to odds of evens (1-1) or higher. Many pros avoid “odds-on” bets (like 1-2) because they don’t pay enough to make this system work well. Tips to Make This Work for You Pick Your Races Wisely: You don’t have to bet on every race. Some pros bet on every race at a meeting (e.g., 6 races a day, 36 bets a week), but I recommend being selective. Consider using a professional tipping service for better picks—newspaper tips can be risky (one “expert” once picked 30 losers in a row!). Spread Your Bets: Use 3 or 4 different bookmakers. No single bookie will be happy if you keep winning over time. Account for Betting Tax (If Applicable): If there’s a tax on your bets, add it to your next race’s target. This way, the system covers the tax for you. Be Prepared for Losing Streaks: Even with careful picks, you might hit a string of losses. That’s why you keep your point value low—so your stakes don’t balloon too much. Why This Is a “Business,” Not Gambling People who use this method don’t see it as gambling—they treat racing like a business. The key is patience and discipline. A single win at 3-1 odds or higher will wipe out all your losses and deliver your target profit. It’s a slow grind, but it’s designed to keep you in the game long-term. Final Thoughts This staking plan is all about consistency and managing risk. Start with a small bank (like $200), set a point value you’re comfortable with (like 50 or 1), and stick to the rules. You don’t need to be a racing genius—just follow the system, bet smart, and wait for that big win to clear your slate and put profit in your pocket. Got questions or want to tweak this for your own style? Let me know, and I’ll help you fine-tune your approach! Happy betting!

@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93

I have to much white priviledge

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/965675

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

Speak your truth, Nostr

I think that there's a difference in the decisions people make when they're True Believers, and when they've just been hired to do something, or they arrived much later and don't really get the point of the decisions. It's that way with any organization controlled by a protocol, such as a constitution, basic law, canon, or core specification.

The True Believers all eventually look like idiotic fanatics who can't "keep up with the cool kids", but they arrived there because they were looking for a solution to a particular problem that they were having. If you then change the solution, to solve some other problem, while destroying the solution that attracted them to the project, in the first place, then they'll be unhappy about it.

Being cool doesn't automatically make you right about everything, but you can simply have enough might to "change" what is right. Shift the goalposts so that the problem you are trying to solve is The Most Pressing Problem. Everyone still focused on the Original Problem is reduced to protesting and being called "difficult", "unhelpful", "uncooperative", "rude".

Why are they protesting? Why don't they just go with the flow? Look at us, we never protest. We are so nice! We're totally happy with the way things are going. We are always polite and elegant and regal. Only rude people complain.

Good vibes only.

@ 40b9c85f:5e61b451

Introduction

Data Vending Machines (DVMs) have emerged as a crucial component of the Nostr ecosystem, offering specialized computational services to clients across the network. As defined in NIP-90, DVMs operate on an apparently simple principle: "data in, data out." They provide a marketplace for data processing where users request specific jobs (like text translation, content recommendation, or AI text generation)

While DVMs have gained significant traction, the current specification faces challenges that hinder widespread adoption and consistent implementation. This article explores some ideas on how we can apply the reflection pattern, a well established approach in RPC systems, to address these challenges and improve the DVM ecosystem's clarity, consistency, and usability.

The Current State of DVMs: Challenges and Limitations

The NIP-90 specification provides a broad framework for DVMs, but this flexibility has led to several issues:

1. Inconsistent Implementation

As noted by hzrd149 in "DVMs were a mistake" every DVM implementation tends to expect inputs in slightly different formats, even while ostensibly following the same specification. For example, a translation request DVM might expect an event ID in one particular format, while an LLM service could expect a "prompt" input that's not even specified in NIP-90.

2. Fragmented Specifications

The DVM specification reserves a range of event kinds (5000-6000), each meant for different types of computational jobs. While creating sub-specifications for each job type is being explored as a possible solution for clarity, in a decentralized and permissionless landscape like Nostr, relying solely on specification enforcement won't be effective for creating a healthy ecosystem. A more comprehensible approach is needed that works with, rather than against, the open nature of the protocol.

3. Ambiguous API Interfaces

There's no standardized way for clients to discover what parameters a specific DVM accepts, which are required versus optional, or what output format to expect. This creates uncertainty and forces developers to rely on documentation outside the protocol itself, if such documentation exists at all.

The Reflection Pattern: A Solution from RPC Systems

The reflection pattern in RPC systems offers a compelling solution to many of these challenges. At its core, reflection enables servers to provide metadata about their available services, methods, and data types at runtime, allowing clients to dynamically discover and interact with the server's API.

In established RPC frameworks like gRPC, reflection serves as a self-describing mechanism where services expose their interface definitions and requirements. In MCP reflection is used to expose the capabilities of the server, such as tools, resources, and prompts. Clients can learn about available capabilities without prior knowledge, and systems can adapt to changes without requiring rebuilds or redeployments. This standardized introspection creates a unified way to query service metadata, making tools like grpcurl possible without requiring precompiled stubs.

How Reflection Could Transform the DVM Specification

By incorporating reflection principles into the DVM specification, we could create a more coherent and predictable ecosystem. DVMs already implement some sort of reflection through the use of 'nip90params', which allow clients to discover some parameters, constraints, and features of the DVMs, such as whether they accept encryption, nutzaps, etc. However, this approach could be expanded to provide more comprehensive self-description capabilities.

1. Defined Lifecycle Phases

Similar to the Model Context Protocol (MCP), DVMs could benefit from a clear lifecycle consisting of an initialization phase and an operation phase. During initialization, the client and DVM would negotiate capabilities and exchange metadata, with the DVM providing a JSON schema containing its input requirements. nip-89 (or other) announcements can be used to bootstrap the discovery and negotiation process by providing the input schema directly. Then, during the operation phase, the client would interact with the DVM according to the negotiated schema and parameters.

2. Schema-Based Interactions

Rather than relying on rigid specifications for each job type, DVMs could self-advertise their schemas. This would allow clients to understand which parameters are required versus optional, what type validation should occur for inputs, what output formats to expect, and what payment flows are supported. By internalizing the input schema of the DVMs they wish to consume, clients gain clarity on how to interact effectively.

3. Capability Negotiation

Capability negotiation would enable DVMs to advertise their supported features, such as encryption methods, payment options, or specialized functionalities. This would allow clients to adjust their interaction approach based on the specific capabilities of each DVM they encounter.

Implementation Approach

While building DVMCP, I realized that the RPC reflection pattern used there could be beneficial for constructing DVMs in general. Since DVMs already follow an RPC style for their operation, and reflection is a natural extension of this approach, it could significantly enhance and clarify the DVM specification.

A reflection enhanced DVM protocol could work as follows: 1. Discovery: Clients discover DVMs through existing NIP-89 application handlers, input schemas could also be advertised in nip-89 announcements, making the second step unnecessary. 2. Schema Request: Clients request the DVM's input schema for the specific job type they're interested in 3. Validation: Clients validate their request against the provided schema before submission 4. Operation: The job proceeds through the standard NIP-90 flow, but with clearer expectations on both sides

Parallels with Other Protocols

This approach has proven successful in other contexts. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) implements a similar lifecycle with capability negotiation during initialization, allowing any client to communicate with any server as long as they adhere to the base protocol. MCP and DVM protocols share fundamental similarities, both aim to expose and consume computational resources through a JSON-RPC-like interface, albeit with specific differences.

gRPC's reflection service similarly allows clients to discover service definitions at runtime, enabling generic tools to work with any gRPC service without prior knowledge. In the REST API world, OpenAPI/Swagger specifications document interfaces in a way that makes them discoverable and testable.

DVMs would benefit from adopting these patterns while maintaining the decentralized, permissionless nature of Nostr.

Conclusion

I am not attempting to rewrite the DVM specification; rather, explore some ideas that could help the ecosystem improve incrementally, reducing fragmentation and making the ecosystem more comprehensible. By allowing DVMs to self describe their interfaces, we could maintain the flexibility that makes Nostr powerful while providing the structure needed for interoperability.

For developers building DVM clients or libraries, this approach would simplify consumption by providing clear expectations about inputs and outputs. For DVM operators, it would establish a standard way to communicate their service's requirements without relying on external documentation.

I am currently developing DVMCP following these patterns. Of course, DVMs and MCP servers have different details; MCP includes capabilities such as tools, resources, and prompts on the server side, as well as 'roots' and 'sampling' on the client side, creating a bidirectional way to consume capabilities. In contrast, DVMs typically function similarly to MCP tools, where you call a DVM with an input and receive an output, with each job type representing a different categorization of the work performed.

Without further ado, I hope this article has provided some insight into the potential benefits of applying the reflection pattern to the DVM specification.

@ f32184ee:6d1c17bf

Ads Fueling Freedom

Ross Ulbricht’s "Decentralize Social Media" painted a picture of a user-centric, decentralized future that transcended the limitations of platforms like the tech giants of today. Though focused on social media, his concept provided a blueprint for decentralized content systems writ large. The PROMO Protocol, designed by NextBlock while participating in Sovereign Engineering, embodies this blueprint in the realm of advertising, leveraging Nostr and Bitcoin’s Lightning Network to give individuals control, foster a multi-provider ecosystem, and ensure secure value exchange. In this way, Ulbricht’s 2021 vision can be seen as a prescient prediction of the PROMO Protocol’s structure. This is a testament to the enduring power of his ideas, now finding form in NextBlock’s innovative approach.

[Current Platform-Centric Paradigm, source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]

Ulbricht’s Vision: A Decentralized Social Protocol

In his 2021 Medium article Ulbricht proposed a revolutionary vision for a decentralized social protocol (DSP) to address the inherent flaws of centralized social media platforms, such as privacy violations and inconsistent content moderation. Writing from prison, Ulbricht argued that decentralization could empower users by giving them control over their own content and the value they create, while replacing single, monolithic platforms with a competitive ecosystem of interface providers, content servers, and advertisers. Though his focus was on social media, Ulbricht’s ideas laid a conceptual foundation that strikingly predicts the structure of NextBlock’s PROMO Protocol, a decentralized advertising system built on the Nostr protocol.

[A Decentralized Social Protocol (DSP), source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]

Ulbricht’s Principles

Ulbricht’s article outlines several key principles for his DSP: * User Control: Users should own their content and dictate how their data and creations generate value, rather than being subject to the whims of centralized corporations. * Decentralized Infrastructure: Instead of a single platform, multiple interface providers, content hosts, and advertisers interoperate, fostering competition and resilience. * Privacy and Autonomy: Decentralized solutions for profile management, hosting, and interactions would protect user privacy and reduce reliance on unaccountable intermediaries. * Value Creation: Users, not platforms, should capture the economic benefits of their contributions, supported by decentralized mechanisms for transactions.

These ideas were forward-thinking in 2021, envisioning a shift away from the centralized giants dominating social media at the time. While Ulbricht didn’t specifically address advertising protocols, his framework for decentralization and user empowerment extends naturally to other domains, like NextBlock’s open-source offering: the PROMO Protocol.

NextBlock’s Implementation of PROMO Protocol

The PROMO Protocol powers NextBlock's Billboard app, a decentralized advertising protocol built on Nostr, a simple, open protocol for decentralized communication. The PROMO Protocol reimagines advertising by: * Empowering People: Individuals set their own ad prices (e.g., 500 sats/minute), giving them direct control over how their attention or space is monetized. * Marketplace Dynamics: Advertisers set budgets and maximum bids, competing within a decentralized system where a 20% service fee ensures operational sustainability. * Open-Source Flexibility: As an open-source protocol, it allows multiple developers to create interfaces or apps on top of it, avoiding the single-platform bottleneck Ulbricht critiqued. * Secure Payments: Using Strike Integration with Bitcoin Lightning Network, NextBlock enables bot-resistant and intermediary-free transactions, aligning value transfer with each person's control.

This structure decentralizes advertising in a way that mirrors Ulbricht’s broader vision for social systems, with aligned principles showing a specific use case: monetizing attention on Nostr.

Aligned Principles

Ulbricht’s 2021 article didn’t explicitly predict the PROMO Protocol, but its foundational concepts align remarkably well with NextBlock's implementation the protocol’s design: * Autonomy Over Value: Ulbricht argued that users should control their content and its economic benefits. In the PROMO Protocol, people dictate ad pricing, directly capturing the value of their participation. Whether it’s their time, influence, or digital space, rather than ceding it to a centralized ad network. * Ecosystem of Providers: Ulbricht envisioned multiple providers replacing a single platform. The PROMO Protocol’s open-source nature invites a similar diversity: anyone can build interfaces or tools on top of it, creating a competitive, decentralized advertising ecosystem rather than a walled garden. * Decentralized Transactions: Ulbricht’s DSP implied decentralized mechanisms for value exchange. NextBlock delivers this through the Bitcoin Lightning Network, ensuring that payments for ads are secure, instantaneous and final, a practical realization of Ulbricht’s call for user-controlled value flows. * Privacy and Control: While Ulbricht emphasized privacy in social interactions, the PROMO Protocol is public by default. Individuals are fully aware of all data that they generate since all Nostr messages are signed. All participants interact directly via Nostr.

[Blueprint Match, source NextBlock]

---

Who We Are

NextBlock is a US-based new media company reimagining digital ads for a decentralized future. Our founders, software and strategy experts, were hobbyist podcasters struggling to promote their work online without gaming the system. That sparked an idea: using new tech like Nostr and Bitcoin to build a decentralized attention market for people who value control and businesses seeking real connections.

Our first product, Billboard, is launching this June.

Open for All

Our model’s open-source! Check out the PROMO Protocol, built for promotion and attention trading. Anyone can join this decentralized ad network. Run your own billboard or use ours. This is a growing ecosystem for a new ad economy.

Our Vision

NextBlock wants to help build a new decentralized internet. Our revolutionary and transparent business model will bring honest revenue to companies hosting valuable digital spaces. Together, we will discover what our attention is really worth.

Read our Manifesto to learn more.

NextBlock is registered in Texas, USA.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

แค่ลดการ spike แต่ไม่ได้หายไปไหน เฮียขอเล่าเรื่องผับ... ไม่ใช่ผับที่มีไฟสลัว ๆ เสียงเบสแน่น ๆ หรอกนะ แต่เป็น “ผับร่างกาย” ที่เปิดประตูรับแขกชื่อ “น้ำตาล” เข้าไปทุกวันแบบไม่รู้ตัว

ในโลกของสุขภาพ น้ำตาลก็เหมือนวัยรุ่นที่ชอบเข้าไปในผับหลังมืดค่ำทุกคืน ส่วน อินซูลิน ก็คือพีอาร์หน้าผับ มีหน้าที่เปิดประตูให้เด็กพวกนี้เข้าไปในเซลล์ พอวัยรุ่นแห่มาพร้อมกัน อินซูลินก็ต้องเร่งเปิดประตูรัว ๆ นั่นแหละที่เขาเรียกกันว่า insulin spike

หลายคนรู้ว่า spike บ่อย ๆ ไม่ดี เลยพยายามหาวิธี “ลด spike” บางคนดื่มน้ำส้มสายชูแอปเปิ้ล (ACV) บางคนกินผักใยสูงก่อนอาหาร บางคนจัดซุปใส่ไฟเบอร์แบบคุม ๆ มาเสริม เฮียบอกเลยว่า “ดี” อยู่ครับ... แต่ หลายคนเข้าใจว่า การลด spike เท่ากับการลดน้ำตาล จริง ๆ แล้วน้ำตาลไม่ได้หายไปไหนเลย มันแค่ เดินเข้าช้าลงเท่านั้นเอง

ลองนึกภาพตามนะเฮียจะเล่าให้ฟัง...เอาแบบเห็นภาพร่างนะ เปรียบเปรยเปรียบเปรย

ผับเปิด... วัยรุ่นต่อแถว ทุกครั้งที่เรากินคาร์บ โดยเฉพาะแป้งหรือของหวาน ร่างกายก็จะแปลงมันเป็นกลูโคส หรือน้ำตาลในกระแสเลือด เจ้ากลูโคสเหล่านี้ก็จะมาต่อแถวเข้า “ผับเซลล์” พอคนเยอะ อินซูลินก็ต้องออกมาทำงานหนัก พาแต่ละคนเข้าไปจัดสรรให้เรียบร้อย ทีนี้ถ้าน้ำตาลมาก และมาพร้อมกัน อินซูลินก็ต้อง “spike” คือพุ่งขึ้นเพื่อจัดการด่วน ซึ่งถ้าร่างกายทำแบบนี้บ่อย ๆ ไม่ดีเลย เพราะมันทำให้ระบบเสื่อม เกิด ภาวะดื้ออินซูลิน นึภภาพพนักงานทำงานกันแบบ ปาร์ตี้คืนวันสงกรานต์ในผับย่าน อาร์ซีเอ หรือข้าวสาร สุดท้ายก็มักนำไปสู่เบาหวาน ความอ้วน และความเสื่อมแบบค่อยเป็นค่อยไป

ACV, ไฟเบอร์ช่วยไหม? ช่วย แต่ไม่ได้ลดน้ำตาล เทคนิคกินผักก่อน กินน้ำส้มสายชู หรือเพิ่มไฟเบอร์สูง ๆ ก่อนคาร์บ มันช่วย ชะลอการดูดซึม ของน้ำตาลจริง ๆ เหมือนกับมีการ์ดหน้าผับมาตรวจบัตรก่อนเข้าทีละคน แถวมันเลยไม่กรูกันเข้าแบบม็อบ แต่มาเรื่อย ๆ ทีละคน ๆ พีอาร์หน้าประตูก็จัดการระบบได้เบาแรงขึ้น

ฟังดูดีใช่ไหม? ใช่... แต่ ไม่ได้แปลว่าวัยรุ่นเหล่านั้นจะไม่เข้าผับ สุดท้าย พวกเขาก็เข้าไปครบเหมือนเดิมอยู่ดี นั่นคือ ร่างกายก็ยังได้รับน้ำตาลเท่าเดิมนั่นแหละ ... แค่เข้าช้าลงเท่านั้น

แล้วมันดีตรงไหนล่ะ ถ้ามันไม่ได้ลดน้ำตาล? มันดีตรงที่ spike จะไม่พุ่งเร็ว พอชะลอได้ อินซูลินก็ไม่ต้องทำงานแบบโหม ซึ่งในระยะสั้น มันช่วยให้ระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดไม่แกว่งจัดเกินไป ดีต่อสมอง ไม่ทำให้ง่วงหลังมื้ออาหาร

แต่ถ้าเรายังเลือกกินอาหารที่แปลงเป็นน้ำตาลเยอะ ๆ อยู่ดี แม้จะกินช้าลง ยังไงน้ำตาลก็สะสม เหมือนวัยรุ่นที่เข้าผับช้าลง แต่จำนวนก็เท่าเดิม เฮียว่าเราควรหันมาถามตัวเองว่า...

แล้วเราจะเปิดผับให้ใครบ้างดีล่ะ? การจัดการ spike ที่ดีที่สุดไม่ใช่แค่ “ชะลอ” แต่คือ “ลดปริมาณกลูโคสตั้งแต่ต้นทาง” เลือกกินของที่ไม่สร้างน้ำตาลพรึ่บพรั่บ เช่น real food ที่มีไขมันดีและโปรตีนสูง อย่างไข่ เนื้อสัตว์ เครื่องใน น้ำมันสัตว์ น้ำมันสกัดเย็นที่มีทั้งพฤกษเคมีและพลังงานที่ดี ฯลฯ ซึ่งเป็นการบริหารซอย จำกัดจำนวนนักเที่ยวแต่แรก เพราะพวกนี้ไม่พาน้ำตาลมากองหน้าประตูเหมือนขนมปังโพรเซส น้ำหวานจัดๆ หรือเค้กแป้งขัดสีน้ำตาลครีมเยอะๆ

เห็นไหมว่า เฮียไม่ได้บอกให้เลิกกินของอร่อยเลยนะ แต่จะบอกว่า... ถ้าเราเข้าใจว่า การลด spike ไม่ใช่การลดน้ำตาล เราจะวางแผนกินได้ดีกว่าเดิมเยอะ

การลด spike อินซูลินด้วยไฟเบอร์หรือ ACV เป็นวิธี ช่วยผ่อนแรง ให้ร่างกาย แต่ไม่ใช่การ “ลดปริมาณน้ำตาลที่เข้าสู่ร่างกาย” น้ำตาลยังคงเข้าเท่าเดิม และถ้าทำแบบนี้ทุกวัน ทุกมื้อ ก็เหมือนเปิดผับรับวัยรุ่นทุกคืน ต่อให้เข้าช้า แต่ก็ยังเข้าครบอยู่ดี

ถ้าอยากมีสุขภาพดีจริง ๆ ไม่ใช่แค่ใส่การ์ดคอยคุม แต่ต้องคัดตั้งแต่ต้นซอยเลยว่าซอยนี้เข้าได้แค่ไหนตั้งแต่แรก ถ้าแข็งแรงซอยใหญ่แบบทองหล่อทั้งซอย ก็รับนักเที่ยวได้มาก ถ้าป่วย ซอยเล็กแบบซอยแจ่มจันทร์ ก็รับนักเที่ยวได้น้อย ระหว่างนี้ถ้าอยากจะขยายซอยเปิดรับนักเที่ยว คุณจะคุมสารอาหาร ออกกำลังกาย ตากแดด พักผ่อน ยังไงก็เรื่องของคุณแล้ว เลือกตามจริต

เลือกกินแบบรู้ต้นทาง... อินซูลินจะได้พัก ร่างกายจะได้หายใจและสุขภาพเราจะได้แข็งแรงแบบไม่ต้องเหนื่อยกับการควบคุมทีละมื้อทุกวัน และจงจำไว้เสมอว่า ร่างกายนั้นเป็นความสัมพันธ์อันลึกล้ำพัวพันยิ่งกว่า threesome หลายเท่าตัว ยิ่งศึกษาจะยิ่งรู้ว่า การมองเพียงจุดใดจุดหนึ่งคือความผิดพลาดแบบไม่รู้ตัวได้ง่ายๆเลยครับ ดังนั้นจึงเห็นว่า เราควรแยกเรื่องของการ "ลดการ spike" ออกจาก "ลดปริมาณน้ำตาลเข้าร่าง" เพราะมันแค่ชะลอแต่ไม่ได้ทำให้ที่กินเข้าไปหายไปไหน

ร่างกายมันเก่งนะครับ คุณคิดว่าลักไก่มันง่ายขนาดนั้นเลยเหรอ

พักเรื่องน้ำมันไว้วันนึง พอดีมีคนถามต่อเนื่องมาจาก ACV #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูกแค่ลดการ spike แต่ไม่ได้หายไปไหน เฮียขอเล่าเรื่องผับ... ไม่ใช่ผับที่มีไฟสลัว ๆ เสียงเบสแน่น ๆ หรอกนะ แต่เป็น “ผับร่างกาย” ที่เปิดประตูรับแขกชื่อ “น้ำตาล” เข้าไปทุกวันแบบไม่รู้ตัว

ในโลกของสุขภาพ น้ำตาลก็เหมือนวัยรุ่นที่ชอบเข้าไปในผับหลังมืดค่ำทุกคืน ส่วน อินซูลิน ก็คือพีอาร์หน้าผับ มีหน้าที่เปิดประตูให้เด็กพวกนี้เข้าไปในเซลล์ พอวัยรุ่นแห่มาพร้อมกัน อินซูลินก็ต้องเร่งเปิดประตูรัว ๆ นั่นแหละที่เขาเรียกกันว่า insulin spike

หลายคนรู้ว่า spike บ่อย ๆ ไม่ดี เลยพยายามหาวิธี “ลด spike” บางคนดื่มน้ำส้มสายชูแอปเปิ้ล (ACV) บางคนกินผักใยสูงก่อนอาหาร บางคนจัดซุปใส่ไฟเบอร์แบบคุม ๆ มาเสริม เฮียบอกเลยว่า “ดี” อยู่ครับ... แต่ หลายคนเข้าใจว่า การลด spike เท่ากับการลดน้ำตาล จริง ๆ แล้วน้ำตาลไม่ได้หายไปไหนเลย มันแค่ เดินเข้าช้าลงเท่านั้นเอง

ลองนึกภาพตามนะเฮียจะเล่าให้ฟัง...เอาแบบเห็นภาพร่างนะ เปรียบเปรยเปรียบเปรย

ผับเปิด... วัยรุ่นต่อแถว ทุกครั้งที่เรากินคาร์บ โดยเฉพาะแป้งหรือของหวาน ร่างกายก็จะแปลงมันเป็นกลูโคส หรือน้ำตาลในกระแสเลือด เจ้ากลูโคสเหล่านี้ก็จะมาต่อแถวเข้า “ผับเซลล์” พอคนเยอะ อินซูลินก็ต้องออกมาทำงานหนัก พาแต่ละคนเข้าไปจัดสรรให้เรียบร้อย ทีนี้ถ้าน้ำตาลมาก และมาพร้อมกัน อินซูลินก็ต้อง “spike” คือพุ่งขึ้นเพื่อจัดการด่วน ซึ่งถ้าร่างกายทำแบบนี้บ่อย ๆ ไม่ดีเลย เพราะมันทำให้ระบบเสื่อม เกิด ภาวะดื้ออินซูลิน นึภภาพพนักงานทำงานกันแบบ ปาร์ตี้คืนวันสงกรานต์ในผับย่าน อาร์ซีเอ หรือข้าวสาร สุดท้ายก็มักนำไปสู่เบาหวาน ความอ้วน และความเสื่อมแบบค่อยเป็นค่อยไป

ACV, ไฟเบอร์ช่วยไหม? ช่วย แต่ไม่ได้ลดน้ำตาล เทคนิคกินผักก่อน กินน้ำส้มสายชู หรือเพิ่มไฟเบอร์สูง ๆ ก่อนคาร์บ มันช่วย ชะลอการดูดซึม ของน้ำตาลจริง ๆ เหมือนกับมีการ์ดหน้าผับมาตรวจบัตรก่อนเข้าทีละคน แถวมันเลยไม่กรูกันเข้าแบบม็อบ แต่มาเรื่อย ๆ ทีละคน ๆ พีอาร์หน้าประตูก็จัดการระบบได้เบาแรงขึ้น

ฟังดูดีใช่ไหม? ใช่... แต่ ไม่ได้แปลว่าวัยรุ่นเหล่านั้นจะไม่เข้าผับ สุดท้าย พวกเขาก็เข้าไปครบเหมือนเดิมอยู่ดี นั่นคือ ร่างกายก็ยังได้รับน้ำตาลเท่าเดิมนั่นแหละ ... แค่เข้าช้าลงเท่านั้น

แล้วมันดีตรงไหนล่ะ ถ้ามันไม่ได้ลดน้ำตาล? มันดีตรงที่ spike จะไม่พุ่งเร็ว พอชะลอได้ อินซูลินก็ไม่ต้องทำงานแบบโหม ซึ่งในระยะสั้น มันช่วยให้ระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดไม่แกว่งจัดเกินไป ดีต่อสมอง ไม่ทำให้ง่วงหลังมื้ออาหาร

แต่ถ้าเรายังเลือกกินอาหารที่แปลงเป็นน้ำตาลเยอะ ๆ อยู่ดี แม้จะกินช้าลง ยังไงน้ำตาลก็สะสม เหมือนวัยรุ่นที่เข้าผับช้าลง แต่จำนวนก็เท่าเดิม เฮียว่าเราควรหันมาถามตัวเองว่า...

แล้วเราจะเปิดผับให้ใครบ้างดีล่ะ? การจัดการ spike ที่ดีที่สุดไม่ใช่แค่ “ชะลอ” แต่คือ “ลดปริมาณกลูโคสตั้งแต่ต้นทาง” เลือกกินของที่ไม่สร้างน้ำตาลพรึ่บพรั่บ เช่น real food ที่มีไขมันดีและโปรตีนสูง อย่างไข่ เนื้อสัตว์ เครื่องใน น้ำมันสัตว์ น้ำมันสกัดเย็นที่มีทั้งพฤกษเคมีและพลังงานที่ดี ฯลฯ ซึ่งเป็นการบริหารซอย จำกัดจำนวนนักเที่ยวแต่แรก เพราะพวกนี้ไม่พาน้ำตาลมากองหน้าประตูเหมือนขนมปังโพรเซส น้ำหวานจัดๆ หรือเค้กแป้งขัดสีน้ำตาลครีมเยอะๆ

เห็นไหมว่า เฮียไม่ได้บอกให้เลิกกินของอร่อยเลยนะ แต่จะบอกว่า... ถ้าเราเข้าใจว่า การลด spike ไม่ใช่การลดน้ำตาล เราจะวางแผนกินได้ดีกว่าเดิมเยอะ

การลด spike อินซูลินด้วยไฟเบอร์หรือ ACV เป็นวิธี ช่วยผ่อนแรง ให้ร่างกาย แต่ไม่ใช่การ “ลดปริมาณน้ำตาลที่เข้าสู่ร่างกาย” น้ำตาลยังคงเข้าเท่าเดิม และถ้าทำแบบนี้ทุกวัน ทุกมื้อ ก็เหมือนเปิดผับรับวัยรุ่นทุกคืน ต่อให้เข้าช้า แต่ก็ยังเข้าครบอยู่ดี

ถ้าอยากมีสุขภาพดีจริง ๆ ไม่ใช่แค่ใส่การ์ดคอยคุม แต่ต้องคัดตั้งแต่ต้นซอยเลยว่าซอยนี้เข้าได้แค่ไหนตั้งแต่แรก ถ้าแข็งแรงซอยใหญ่แบบทองหล่อทั้งซอย ก็รับนักเที่ยวได้มาก ถ้าป่วย ซอยเล็กแบบซอยแจ่มจันทร์ ก็รับนักเที่ยวได้น้อย ระหว่างนี้ถ้าอยากจะขยายซอยเปิดรับนักเที่ยว คุณจะคุมสารอาหาร ออกกำลังกาย ตากแดด พักผ่อน ยังไงก็เรื่องของคุณแล้ว เลือกตามจริต

เลือกกินแบบรู้ต้นทาง... อินซูลินจะได้พัก ร่างกายจะได้หายใจและสุขภาพเราจะได้แข็งแรงแบบไม่ต้องเหนื่อยกับการควบคุมทีละมื้อทุกวัน และจงจำไว้เสมอว่า ร่างกายนั้นเป็นความสัมพันธ์อันลึกล้ำพัวพันยิ่งกว่า threesome หลายเท่าตัว ยิ่งศึกษาจะยิ่งรู้ว่า การมองเพียงจุดใดจุดหนึ่งคือความผิดพลาดแบบไม่รู้ตัวได้ง่ายๆเลยครับ ดังนั้นจึงเห็นว่า เราควรแยกเรื่องของการ "ลดการ spike" ออกจาก "ลดปริมาณน้ำตาลเข้าร่าง" เพราะมันแค่ชะลอแต่ไม่ได้ทำให้ที่กินเข้าไปหายไปไหน

ร่างกายมันเก่งนะครับ คุณคิดว่าลักไก่มันง่ายขนาดนั้นเลยเหรอ

พักเรื่องน้ำมันไว้วันนึง พอดีมีคนถามต่อเนื่องมาจาก ACV #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ b6524158:8e898a89

I heard the regular polls are saying The liberals were ahead of conservatives so I decided to run my own mini-poll to see for myself or at least have a second opinion, then I find this: I am not saying this represents the 40Million+ people who live in Canada but neither the legacy polls. I encourage everyone do their own mini-poll for themselves to find out themselves, don't trust verify".

Last year same thing happened in the U.S. election, the polls were saying Kamala is on the lead over Trump but Trump ended up winning in a landslide.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/965337

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

How does MSTR buy bitcoin without bumping the price?

Michael Saylor buys bitcoin and he has a handy tool to track his purchases, at, well, https://saylortracker.com

Mondays have been Saylor's buy-days, and rumors are that he may be at it again.

Yet, with all the mega-buying, why does it seem like the price doesn't jump? This is a question that comes to my mind seemingly each week now with the next MSTR buy.

Grok AI seems to imply that even though Saylor's purchases are huge, they're still not big enough to move the market. Average daily volume traded for BTC seems to be in the $15 billion upwards to $60 billion. So, Saylor's 1 to 2 or 4 billion dollar purchases evidently still aren't enough to eat up the order book.

This is a little hard to swallow considering that Grok estimated, "MicroStrategy owns approximately 2.81% of all Bitcoin in circulation and 2.64% of the total Bitcoin supply that will ever exist." I guess that other 97% is just moving their bitcoin around, back-and-forth?

The standard answer I've heard as to why the market doesn't move has been, "Oh, MSTR buys bitcoin over-the-counter, not off of exchanges where the prices come from."

That's a simple elevator-ride one sentence answer that seems plausible. I could meet someone on the street and say, "Hey, you got any bitcoin and do you wanna sell it?" If they said, "Yeah, and sure," then I could hand them some cash and they could send some BTC to me. The exchanges would be unmoved by this over the counter transaction.

Or, I might be interested in buying a Beanie Babie tie-dyed PEACE bear. The market, ebay, seems to list them around $8.99. But, if I buy a hundred of them off that bitcoin guy on the sidewalk, ebay and the price their isn't affected at all. Not are the 79 "watchers" keeping an eye on the PEACE bear.

But still, to me, that one-line OTC answer somehow seems off. Seriously, does Saylor have connections with people who want to sell thousands or tens of thousands of bitcoin? Every week? Who are these people with all that bitcoin to sell? Can Saylor connect me to a seller of 100 tie-dyed PEACE bears?

Maybe Saylor actually does have those kinds of connections to make those kinds of purchases. Or, maybe Grok is right and Saylor's moves aren't as big-fish as they seem. Anyway, I don't know, and those are circles that I don't move in. And, after all, I guess I still really don't know how he buys so much without moving the market.

!HBIT