@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e

Bitcoin has been playing an increasingly important role in protests and social movements around the world. Thanks to its decentralized nature, resistance to censorship, and independence from government control, Bitcoin has become a valuable tool for activists, organizations, and citizens fighting against oppressive regimes or restrictive financial systems.

• Bitcoin as an alternative to the traditional financial system

In recent years, governments and banking institutions have used financial restrictions as a form of political repression. Frozen bank accounts, blocked donations, and limitations on transactions are some of the strategies used to weaken social movements and protests. Bitcoin offers an alternative, allowing funds to be transferred and stored without interference from banks or governments.

One of Bitcoin’s main advantages in these contexts is its censorship resistance. While bank accounts can be shut down and centralized payment services can be pressured to block transactions, Bitcoin operates on a decentralized network where no one can prevent a user from sending or receiving funds.

• Examples of Bitcoin use in protests

01 - Hong Kong (2019–2020): During the pro-democracy protests, activists faced financial restrictions when trying to organize demonstrations and campaigns. Many turned to Bitcoin to avoid surveillance by the Chinese government and to secure funding for their actions.

02 - Canada (2022): The truckers' protest against government restrictions saw participants' bank accounts frozen. As an alternative, Bitcoin donations were used to bypass financial repression.

03 - Belarus (2020): After the contested presidential elections, protesters used Bitcoin to fund activities and support those who lost their jobs due to state repression.

04 - Nigeria (2020): During the #EndSARS protests against police brutality, international donations to the movement were blocked. Bitcoin became one of the main methods for financing the cause.

• Challenges of using Bitcoin in social movements

01 - Education and accessibility: Many people still don’t know how to use Bitcoin safely and efficiently. This lack of knowledge can hinder large-scale adoption.

02 - Digital security: Social movements often operate under heavy surveillance. Without proper security measures, funds can be compromised.

03 - Volatility: Bitcoin’s price can fluctuate significantly in a short time, which may affect the value of donations and funds raised.

In summary, Bitcoin has proven to be an essential tool in resisting financial censorship and government repression. By enabling social movements and activists to fund their causes without intermediaries, Bitcoin strengthens the fight for freedom and justice. However, effective adoption of the technology requires knowledge, security, and adaptation to its unique characteristics. As more people learn to use Bitcoin, its role in protests and social movements will continue to grow, reinforcing the importance of financial sovereignty in the struggle for rights and freedoms.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e

Millions of people around the world still lack access to basic banking services, whether due to lack of infrastructure, bureaucratic requirements, or economic instability in their countries. Bitcoin emerges as an innovative solution to this problem, allowing anyone with internet access to have control over their money without relying on banks or governments. By offering an open and accessible financial system, Bitcoin becomes a powerful tool for global financial inclusion.

• The problem of financial exclusion

In many developing countries, a large portion of the population does not have a bank account. This can happen for several reasons, such as:

01 - Lack of access to banks: Many communities, especially in rural areas, do not have nearby financial institutions.

02 - Bureaucratic requirements: Some banks require specific documentation or a credit history that many people cannot provide.

03 - High costs: Banking fees can be prohibitive for those with low incomes.

04 - Economic and political instability: In countries with high inflation or unstable governments, banks may not be a safe option for storing money.

These challenges leave millions of people on the margins of the financial system, unable to save, invest, or carry out transactions efficiently.

• Bitcoin as an alternative

Bitcoin addresses many of the issues of financial exclusion by offering an accessible and decentralized system. With Bitcoin, anyone with a mobile phone and internet access can store and transfer money without needing a bank. Key advantages include:

01 - Global accessibility: Bitcoin can be used anywhere in the world, regardless of the user's location.

02 - No intermediaries: Unlike banks that impose fees and rules, Bitcoin allows direct transactions between people.

03 - Low-cost international transfers: Sending money to another country can be expensive and slow with traditional methods, while Bitcoin offers a faster and more affordable alternative.

04 - Protection against inflation: In countries with unstable currencies, Bitcoin can be used as a store of value, protecting the population’s purchasing power.

• Use cases in financial inclusion

Bitcoin is already being used to promote financial inclusion in various parts of the world. Some examples include:

01 - Africa and Latin America: In countries like Nigeria, Venezuela, and Argentina, where inflation is high and access to U.S. dollars is limited, many people use Bitcoin to preserve their money and make international transactions.

02 - International remittances: Workers sending money to their families abroad avoid the high fees of traditional transfer companies by using Bitcoin.

03 - Digital microeconomy: Small merchants and freelancers without access to bank accounts can receive payments in Bitcoin directly and securely.

• Challenges to financial inclusion with Bitcoin

Despite its advantages, Bitcoin adoption as a tool for financial inclusion still faces some challenges, such as:

01 - Internet access: Many impoverished regions still lack adequate digital infrastructure.

02 - Financial education: Greater knowledge of the technology and best security practices is needed for broader adoption.

03 - Price volatility: Value fluctuations can make Bitcoin difficult to use for everyday expenses, especially in countries where people live on unstable incomes.

In summary, Bitcoin offers a viable solution for millions of people excluded from the traditional financial system. By providing global access, low-cost transactions, and protection from inflation, it becomes a powerful instrument for promoting financial inclusion. However, for its full potential to be realized, it is essential to invest in digital education and expand technological infrastructure, enabling more people to achieve financial autonomy through Bitcoin.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Quando tentamos simplificar/ilustrar algo que é extremamente complexo, pode resultar em algo distorcido. Apesar do resultado sair distorcido, continua a ser a melhor representação, temos é que ter em mente que essa distorção existe quando analisamos essa informação.

O maior exemplo, é o mapa mundi, quando transformamos uma esfera em algo plano, é natural que crie distorções, como quanto mais perto dos polos, os países são sobredimensionados em relação aos que estão mais perto da linha do Equador.

Esta infografia criada pelo Saylor é comumente utilizada, mas esta deve ser utilizada com moderação, porque a informação também está distorcida.

Assim, sempre que alguém utiliza estes dados para fazer análises, deve estar ciente que existem distorções. Primeiro, em alguns ativos os valores são impossíveis de calcular, são apenas estimativas. Já foram feitos vários estudos, e sempre com valores bastantes díspares.

Depois, esta infografia simplifica demasiado, não sendo visível a sobreposição de ativos, por exemplo, as empresas possuem outros ativos, isso significa, que não podemos fazer somas simples. Ou seja, se somarmos as Equities (115T) e os Bonds(300T) não resulta em $415 Triliões de riqueza, o real valor é inferior.

Vamos a dois bons exemplos:

A Berkshire Hathaway, a empresa de Warren Buffett, que o seu atual core business é investir em outras empresas. Apesar de neste momento, ter uma enorme liquidez, está a aguardar pelo momento certo para voltar ao mercado.

A outra empresa é MicroStrategy, que gradualmente está-se a transformar num banco Bitcoin. O seu negócio inicial, começa a ser insignificante, para a sua atual dimensão, está a fazer um percurso muito similar à Berkshire Hathaway, enquanto a Berkshire Hathaway redirecionou o seu negócio para o investimento em ações, a MicroStrategy para o Bitcoin.

Um erro comum entre alguns bitcoiners quando fazem estimativas baseada nesta tabela, é acreditarem que o crescimento do valor do Bitcoin, vai resultar numa redução do valor das Equities. Isso não vai acontecer, porque as empresas também vão possuir Bitcoin na sua tesouraria, logo se o valor do bitcoin subir, as equities também o vão.

Onde o Bitcoin vai certamente impactar, é nas Bonds e no Real Estate.

Assim para concluir, esta infografia é interessante para fazer cálculos ou análises, mas não podemos esquecer que contém distorções.

@ b83a28b7:35919450

This article was originally part of the sermon of Plebchain Radio Episode 111 (May 2, 2025) that nostr:nprofile1qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqpqtvqc82mv8cezhax5r34n4muc2c4pgjz8kaye2smj032nngg52clq7fgefr and I did with nostr:nprofile1qythwumn8ghj7ct5d3shxtnwdaehgu3wd3skuep0qyt8wumn8ghj7ct4w35zumn0wd68yvfwvdhk6tcqyzx4h2fv3n9r6hrnjtcrjw43t0g0cmmrgvjmg525rc8hexkxc0kd2rhtk62 and nostr:nprofile1qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqpq4wxtsrj7g2jugh70pfkzjln43vgn4p7655pgky9j9w9d75u465pqahkzd0 of the nostr:nprofile1qythwumn8ghj7ct5d3shxtnwdaehgu3wd3skuep0qyt8wumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgtcqyqwfvwrccp4j2xsuuvkwg0y6a20637t6f4cc5zzjkx030dkztt7t5hydajn

Listen to the full episode here:

<<https://fountain.fm/episode/Ln9Ej0zCZ5dEwfo8w2Ho>>

---

Bitcoin has always been a narrative revolution disguised as code. White paper, cypherpunk lore, pizza‑day legends - every block is a paragraph in the world’s most relentless epic. But code alone rarely converts the skeptic; it’s the camp‑fire myth that slips past the prefrontal cortex and shakes hands with the limbic system. People don’t adopt protocols first - they fall in love with protagonists.

Early adopters heard the white‑paper hymn, but most folks need characters first: a pizza‑day dreamer; a mother in a small country, crushed by the cost of remittance; a Warsaw street vendor swapping złoty for sats. When their arcs land, the brain releases a neurochemical OP_RETURN which says, “I belong in this plot.” That’s the sly roundabout orange pill: conviction smuggled inside catharsis.

That’s why, from 22–25 May in Warsaw’s Kinoteka, the Bitcoin Film Fest is loading its reels with rebellion. Each documentary, drama, and animated rabbit‑hole is a stealth wallet, zipping conviction straight into the feels of anyone still clasped within the cold claw of fiat. You come for the plot, you leave checking block heights.

---

Here's the clip of the sermon from the episode:

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpwp69zm7fewjp0vkp306adnzt7249ytxhz7mq3w5yc629u6er9zsqqsy43fwz8es2wnn65rh0udc05tumdnx5xagvzd88ptncspmesdqhygcrvpf2

@ c230edd3:8ad4a712

When beechen buds begin to swell,

And woods the blue-bird’s warble know,

The yellow violet’s modest bell

Peeps from the last year’s leaves below.

Ere russet fields their green resume,

Sweet flower, I love, in forest bare,

To meet thee, when thy faint perfume

Alone is in the virgin air.

Of all her train, the hands of Spring

First plant thee in the watery mould,

And I have seen thee blossoming

Beside the snow-bank’s edges cold.

Thy parent sun, who bade thee view

Pale skies, and chilling moisture sip,

Has bathed thee in his own bright hue,

And streaked with jet thy glowing lip.

Yet slight thy form, and low thy seat,

And earthward bent thy gentle eye,

Unapt the passing view to meet

When loftier flowers are flaunting nigh.

Oft, in the sunless April day,

Thy early smile has stayed my walk;

But midst the gorgeous blooms of May,

I passed thee on thy humble stalk.

So they, who climb to wealth, forget

The friends in darker fortunes tried.

I copied them—but I regret

That I should ape the ways of pride.

And when again the genial hour

Awakes the painted tribes of light,

I’ll not o’erlook the modest flower

That made the woods of April bright.

@ 58537364:705b4b85

ความสำเร็จ จำเป็นต้องมีวินัย

ความมีวินัย คือ "การทำด้วยความตั้งใจ ไม่หวั่นไหว/ไหลตามไปกับอารมณ์" ส่วน "ความไร้วินัย" มีนัยยะตรงกันข้าม กล่าวคือ

ความไร้วินัย คือ "การทำตามความหวั่นไหว/ไหลตามไปกับอารมณ์" เช่น ความง่วง หิว เบื่อ เซ็ง พอใจ ไม่พอใจ กลัว หลงไหล/ขาดสติ เป็นต้น จนเกิดข้ออ้างสารพัด เช่น * อ้างว่าเดี๋ยวก่อน เอาไว้ทีหลัง * อ้างว่าเหนื่อยหน่าย * อ้างว่าร้อนไป หนาวไป * อ้างว่ายังเช้าอยู่ * อ้างว่าสายไปแล้ว * ฯลฯ

การสร้างวินัยที่ยั่งยืน "ไม่ได้เกิดจากการฝืน แต่เกิดจากความฝัน" กฎแห่งความฝันระบุว่า เราต้องสร้างภาพสวรรค์ (เป้าหมาย) ให้ชัด จากนั้นให้ลดช่องว่างระหว่างการคิดและการกระทำให้เหลือน้อยที่สุด เพราะถ้าเราคิดมาก ส่วนใหญ่เราจะไม่ได้ทำ จิตใจเราจะอ่อนแอ ไม่เข้มแข็งมั่นคง

กฎแห่งความฝัน ควรฝันเพื่อผู้อื่น อย่าฝันเพื่อตัวเองคนเดียว เพราะขณะที่จิตมุ่งเป้าสู่ความสำเร็จนั้นมัน ถ้ามันมีมากเกินไป สติปัญญาจะอ่อนค่าลง ความรอบรู้จะน้อยลง ณ ขณะนั้นการกระทำทั้งปวงจะขาดความเห็นอกเห็นใจผู้อื่นหากทำเพื่อตัวเองฝ่ายเดียว แต่ถ้าพลังมุ่งเป้าที่ส่วนรวม ทุกการกระทำจะส่งคุณค่าเกิดเป็นความสุขความสำเร็จร่วมกัน

-เมธา หริมเทพาธิบดี

คู่มือมนุษย์

@ 14206a66:689725cf

This article is a repost, migrating from Substack

Uncertainty is the only constant

It goes without saying that uncertainty is a given in business. It could be the weather, pestilence, or some other physical phenomenon that brings different conditions for your business (good or bad). Or it could be uncertainty in the behaviour of consumers, suppliers, workers, or any other person critical to your success. Most of the time, we just don’t know what will happen next.

One of the most important skills in managing a business, then, is making predictions in the face of uncertainty. We have several tools to do so. The first covers methods from the physical sciences, and involves calculating the frequency of events. We need to unpick a concept at the root of uncertainty, probability.

Thanks for reading Department of Praxeology! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.

Subscribed

Types of probability

In Human Action, Ludwig von Mises introduces us to two classifications of probability: case and class probability.

Case probability

Case probability is when we know something about some of the factors which determine the outcome, but not others.

This is the kind of probability most often encountered in business. We often know small key parts about several factors that lead to a particular outcome, we might see that oil prices have risen significantly, coupled with a decrease in the exchange rate. These factors help to lead to the outcome of a rising price of fertiliser. But then, there are other factors that lead to this outcome, such as a myriad of decisions by businesspeople all along the supply chain. These, we know absolutely nothing about!

Class probability

Class probability is when we know everything about the particular kind (or class) of event, but we don’t know anything at all about the specific event.

We do encounter class probability in business. But it happens at very specific times (as opposed to just all the time, as with case probability).

Myrtle rust, picture courtesy of NZ Department of Conservation

For example (and sticking to agriculture) we know nothing about an outbreak of Myrtle rust on our farm. But we know, from agricultural science, that the likelihood of an outbreak in our area for a given year is about 13 percent.

So how can we make predictions of these events?

Making predictions

For the latter (class probabilities, like losses caused by Myrtle rust) we can always rely on methods from the physical sciences to calculate frequencies. Then, we know that the physical world has certain constants, so we can say that given a set of conditions (like rainfall) the likelihood of losses from Myrtle rust in future is about 12 percent.

Thinking about the former (case probabilities such as changing consumer preferences, or changes in prices). In these situations we are dealing with the realm of human decisions. So while we can count the number of these events, we cannot use these counts for prediction. The reason is that, in the realm of human decisions, there are no constants. We can’t say that given the world of 2023 prices rose five times, therefore in the world of 2027 prices will rise five times. Even if physical conditions are the same, human decisions will not be.

Luckily, economic science does give us an answer. In dealing with case probabilities we should use our method of understanding (which I wrote about here).

Using this in your business

You can incorporate this knowledge into your business by critically analysing each event for which you need to make a prediction. Is the event dealing with the physical world, for which there are constants? Or is it the realm of human decisions, for which there are no constants? It most likely is a mix of these.

Work backwards and jot down the more granular events which compose the event in question. Then try again to fit each of these into case or class probability.

When each event is broken down into only one category you know which methods of prediction to apply to each event.

For case probabilities, engage a specialist in the area. For class probabilities, engage your own expertise in understanding, and consider hiring an economist to augment your analysis.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Donald Trump’s recent four-day visit took the President to Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. This visit has intertwined diplomatic relations with business interests, while simultaneously influencing the bitcoin market.

In Qatar, the President met with Emir Tanim bin Hamad Al Thani, resulting in over $243 billion in deals including major defense agreements, according to Bloomberg.

On May 15, the President made his visit to the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi alongside Crown Prince Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan. This occurs as the Trump family expands its business presence in the Middle East.

The Trump Organization is developing luxury properties across the region, including Trump Tower Dubai, real estate projects in Riyadh, and development in Jeddah and Oman.

Donald Trump and Mohammed bin Salman in King Khalid International Airport — NBCNews

Eric Trump publicly announced construction plans for Trump Tower Dubai just last month, highlighting the family’s ongoing commercial footprint in the region.

These business connections extend into the digital asset ecosystem as UAE-backed investment firm MGX recently announced it would use USD1, World Liberty Financial’s stablecoin to support a $2 billion investment in Binance, the world’s largest digital asset exchange, according to APNews.

This connection between Trump-aligned interests and major digital asset investments creates a potential avenue for market influence. 

Historically, stability in the Middle East, especially among oil-rich nations, reduces global market volatility. This encourages risk appetite among investors, often leading to increased allocations to digital assets like bitcoin.

Middle East diplomacy directly affects global oil prices. Stable oil prices can lower inflation expectations and lead to interest rate cuts by the Fed. Lower rates lead to an increase in liquidity, having positive effects on bitcoin, an asset that benefits from money printing.

Related: Fed Rate Cuts Could Lead to Major Price Swings for Bitcoin

On the investment front, Abu Dhabi’s Wealth Fund, Mubadala Investment Company, has been focused on increasing their shares in BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT).

According to a 13F filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Mubdala held 8.7 million IBIT shares, totaling $408.5 million as of March 31, 2025. 

The Abu Dhabi Wealth Fund increased its shares by 500,000 since its last filing in December of 2024.

Back in March, the United States created a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. The executive order states that the U.S. will not sell the bitcoin they already hold, and will create budget-neutral ways to increase their holdings.

The time has come where governments and wealth funds alike are jumping on board the Bitcoin train.

Trump’s recent visit to the Middle East illustrates how financial, diplomatic, and personal interests are becoming increasingly intertwined with Bitcoin and digital assets, serving as a new axis of influence in the U.S.-Middle East relations.

The combination of diplomatic progress and business expansion has heightened short-term volatility and trading volumes in the bitcoin market.

Trump’s business and digital asset ties in the region may further boost institutional interest and create an opportunity for more players to enter the market.

@ 4c96d763:80c3ee30

Changes

Ken Sedgwick (5):

• drive-by clippy fixes
• add add relay GUI
• add Accounts::add_advertised_relay
• upgrade url string to RelaySpec for [read|write] markers
• publish NIP-65 relay lists

William Casarin (7):

• persistent: dont nuke decks when using cli columns
• envrc: update vrod's npub for testing
• note: introduce RootNoteId
• enostr: introduce PubkeyRef
• mutes: hide logs
• debug: log when adding notes to start
• switch to TimelineCache

greenart7c3 (1):

• Fix side panel color when using light theme

kernelkind (2):

• log nip05 error
• fix persist deck author profile bug

kieran (4):

• note-ref: derive hash
• move Notedeck to notedeck crate
• export enostr / nostrdb
• Always update accounts

pushed to notedeck:refs/heads/master

@ c230edd3:8ad4a712

To him who in the love of Nature holds
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks
A various language; for his gayer hours
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile
And eloquence of beauty, and she glides
Into his darker musings, with a mild
And healing sympathy, that steals away
Their sharpness, ere he is aware. When thoughts
Of the last bitter hour come like a blight
Over thy spirit, and sad images
Of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall,
And breathless darkness, and the narrow house,
Make thee to shudder, and grow sick at heart;—
Go forth, under the open sky, and list
To Nature’s teachings, while from all around— Earth and her waters, and the depths of air— Comes a still voice— Yet a few days, and thee
The all-beholding sun shall see no more
In all his course; nor yet in the cold ground,
Where thy pale form was laid, with many tears,
Nor in the embrace of ocean, shall exist
Thy image. Earth, that nourished thee, shall claim
Thy growth, to be resolved to earth again, And, lost each human trace, surrendering up
Thine individual being, shalt thou go
To mix for ever with the elements,
To be a brother to the insensible rock
And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain
Turns with his share, and treads upon. The oak
Shall send his roots abroad, and pierce thy mould.

Yet not to thine eternal resting-place
Shalt thou retire alone, nor couldst thou wish
Couch more magnificent. Thou shalt lie down
With patriarchs of the infant world—with kings,
The powerful of the earth—the wise, the good,
Fair forms, and hoary seers of ages past,
All in one mighty sepulchre. The hills
Rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun,—the vales
Stretching in pensive quietness between;
The venerable woods—rivers that move
In majesty, and the complaining brooks
That make the meadows green; and, poured round all,
Old Ocean’s gray and melancholy waste,—
Are but the solemn decorations all
Of the great tomb of man. The golden sun,
The planets, all the infinite host of heaven,
Are shining on the sad abodes of death,
Through the still lapse of ages. All that tread
The globe are but a handful to the tribes
That slumber in its bosom.—Take the wings
Of morning, pierce the Barcan wilderness,
Or lose thyself in the continuous woods
Where rolls the Oregon, and hears no sound,
Save his own dashings—yet the dead are there:
And millions in those solitudes, since first
The flight of years began, have laid them down
In their last sleep—the dead reign there alone. So shalt thou rest, and what if thou withdraw
In silence from the living, and no friend
Take note of thy departure? All that breathe
Will share thy destiny. The gay will laugh When thou art gone, the solemn brood of care
Plod on, and each one as before will chase
His favorite phantom; yet all these shall leave
Their mirth and their employments, and shall come And make their bed with thee. As the long train
Of ages glide away, the sons of men,
The youth in life’s green spring, and he who goes
In the full strength of years, matron and maid,
The speechless babe, and the gray-headed man—
Shall one by one be gathered to thy side,
By those, who in their turn shall follow them.
So live, that when thy summons comes to join
The innumerable caravan, which moves
To that mysterious realm, where each shall take
His chamber in the silent halls of death,
Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night,
Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave,
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Bitcoin has always been rooted in freedom and resistance to authority. I get that many of you are conflicted about the US Government stacking but by design we cannot stop anyone from using bitcoin. Many have asked me for my thoughts on the matter, so let’s rip it.

Concern

One of the most glaring issues with the strategic bitcoin reserve is its foundation, built on stolen bitcoin. For those of us who value private property this is an obvious betrayal of our core principles. Rather than proof of work, the bitcoin that seeds this reserve has been taken by force. The US Government should return the bitcoin stolen from Bitfinex and the Silk Road.

Using stolen bitcoin for the reserve creates a perverse incentive. If governments see bitcoin as a valuable asset, they will ramp up efforts to confiscate more bitcoin. The precedent is a major concern, and I stand strongly against it, but it should be also noted that governments were already seizing coin before the reserve so this is not really a change in policy.

Ideally all seized bitcoin should be burned, by law. This would align incentives properly and make it less likely for the government to actively increase coin seizures. Due to the truly scarce properties of bitcoin, all burned bitcoin helps existing holders through increased purchasing power regardless. This change would be unlikely but those of us in policy circles should push for it regardless. It would be best case scenario for American bitcoiners and would create a strong foundation for the next century of American leadership.

Optimism

The entire point of bitcoin is that we can spend or save it without permission. That said, it is a massive benefit to not have one of the strongest governments in human history actively trying to ruin our lives.

Since the beginning, bitcoiners have faced horrible regulatory trends. KYC, surveillance, and legal cases have made using bitcoin and building bitcoin businesses incredibly difficult. It is incredibly important to note that over the past year that trend has reversed for the first time in a decade. A strategic bitcoin reserve is a key driver of this shift. By holding bitcoin, the strongest government in the world has signaled that it is not just a fringe technology but rather truly valuable, legitimate, and worth stacking.

This alignment of incentives changes everything. The US Government stacking proves bitcoin’s worth. The resulting purchasing power appreciation helps all of us who are holding coin and as bitcoin succeeds our government receives direct benefit. A beautiful positive feedback loop.

Realism

We are trending in the right direction. A strategic bitcoin reserve is a sign that the state sees bitcoin as an asset worth embracing rather than destroying. That said, there is a lot of work left to be done. We cannot be lulled into complacency, the time to push forward is now, and we cannot take our foot off the gas. We have a seat at the table for the first time ever. Let's make it worth it.

We must protect the right to free usage of bitcoin and other digital technologies. Freedom in the digital age must be taken and defended, through both technical and political avenues. Multiple privacy focused developers are facing long jail sentences for building tools that protect our freedom. These cases are not just legal battles. They are attacks on the soul of bitcoin. We need to rally behind them, fight for their freedom, and ensure the ethos of bitcoin survives this new era of government interest. The strategic reserve is a step in the right direction, but it is up to us to hold the line and shape the future.

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Recently we have seen a wave of high profile X accounts hacked. These attacks have exposed the fragility of the status quo security model used by modern social media platforms like X. Many users have asked if nostr fixes this, so lets dive in. How do these types of attacks translate into the world of nostr apps? For clarity, I will use X’s security model as representative of most big tech social platforms and compare it to nostr.

The Status Quo

On X, you never have full control of your account. Ultimately to use it requires permission from the company. They can suspend your account or limit your distribution. Theoretically they can even post from your account at will. An X account is tied to an email and password. Users can also opt into two factor authentication, which adds an extra layer of protection, a login code generated by an app. In theory, this setup works well, but it places a heavy burden on users. You need to create a strong, unique password and safeguard it. You also need to ensure your email account and phone number remain secure, as attackers can exploit these to reset your credentials and take over your account. Even if you do everything responsibly, there is another weak link in X infrastructure itself. The platform’s infrastructure allows accounts to be reset through its backend. This could happen maliciously by an employee or through an external attacker who compromises X’s backend. When an account is compromised, the legitimate user often gets locked out, unable to post or regain control without contacting X’s support team. That process can be slow, frustrating, and sometimes fruitless if support denies the request or cannot verify your identity. Often times support will require users to provide identification info in order to regain access, which represents a privacy risk. The centralized nature of X means you are ultimately at the mercy of the company’s systems and staff.

Nostr Requires Responsibility

Nostr flips this model radically. Users do not need permission from a company to access their account, they can generate as many accounts as they want, and cannot be easily censored. The key tradeoff here is that users have to take complete responsibility for their security. Instead of relying on a username, password, and corporate servers, nostr uses a private key as the sole credential for your account. Users generate this key and it is their responsibility to keep it safe. As long as you have your key, you can post. If someone else gets it, they can post too. It is that simple. This design has strong implications. Unlike X, there is no backend reset option. If your key is compromised or lost, there is no customer support to call. In a compromise scenario, both you and the attacker can post from the account simultaneously. Neither can lock the other out, since nostr relays simply accept whatever is signed with a valid key.

The benefit? No reliance on proprietary corporate infrastructure.. The negative? Security rests entirely on how well you protect your key.

Future Nostr Security Improvements

For many users, nostr’s standard security model, storing a private key on a phone with an encrypted cloud backup, will likely be sufficient. It is simple and reasonably secure. That said, nostr’s strength lies in its flexibility as an open protocol. Users will be able to choose between a range of security models, balancing convenience and protection based on need.

One promising option is a web of trust model for key rotation. Imagine pre-selecting a group of trusted friends. If your account is compromised, these people could collectively sign an event announcing the compromise to the network and designate a new key as your legitimate one. Apps could handle this process seamlessly in the background, notifying followers of the switch without much user interaction. This could become a popular choice for average users, but it is not without tradeoffs. It requires trust in your chosen web of trust, which might not suit power users or large organizations. It also has the issue that some apps may not recognize the key rotation properly and followers might get confused about which account is “real.”

For those needing higher security, there is the option of multisig using FROST (Flexible Round-Optimized Schnorr Threshold). In this setup, multiple keys must sign off on every action, including posting and updating a profile. A hacker with just one key could not do anything. This is likely overkill for most users due to complexity and inconvenience, but it could be a game changer for large organizations, companies, and governments. Imagine the White House nostr account requiring signatures from multiple people before a post goes live, that would be much more secure than the status quo big tech model.

Another option are hardware signers, similar to bitcoin hardware wallets. Private keys are kept on secure, offline devices, separate from the internet connected phone or computer you use to broadcast events. This drastically reduces the risk of remote hacks, as private keys never touches the internet. It can be used in combination with multisig setups for extra protection. This setup is much less convenient and probably overkill for most but could be ideal for governments, companies, or other high profile accounts.

---

Nostr’s security model is not perfect but is robust and versatile. Ultimately users are in control and security is their responsibility. Apps will give users multiple options to choose from and users will choose what best fits their need.

@ da18e986:3a0d9851

Since DVMs were introduced to Nostr in July 2023, we've witnessed remarkable growth - over 2.5 million DVM events (Kinds 5000-7000) and counting. Last fall, when Primal added custom feeds (Kind 5300 DVMs), we saw a 10x surge in DVM activity. To handle this growth, I've spent the last few months completely rewriting DVMDash.

The first version of DVMDash, still live at https://dvmdash.live, unfortunately uses full database table scans to compute the metrics. The code was simpler, but the computation ran on the database. This meant the only way to scale the system was to upgrade the database. Using managed databases (like AWS, Azure, Digital Ocean) beyond the lower tiers gets expensive quickly.

The other problem with the first version: it computes metrics globally (well... as global as you can get; there's no true global with Nostr). Global or all-time metrics aren't sustainable with a system that plans to analyze billions of events in the future (a long term goal for DVMDash). Especially metrics like the number of unique DVMs, Kinds, and Users. I spent more time than I care to admit on possible designs, and have settled on these design principles for now:

1. Precise accurate metrics will only be computed for the last 30 days of DVM activity.
2. At the turn of a new month, we will compute a snapshot of the last month's activity, and a snapshot per DVM and per Kind, and store them in a historical table. This way we can see what any given month in the past looked like from a bird's eye view with metrics like number of job requests, job results, a count of unique DVMs, kinds and users, which DVMs ran jobs on which kinds, etc. The monthly data will all be aggregate.

The goal of the new redesign is to support processing millions of DVM events an hour. Therefore we need to ensure we can horizontally scale the processing as the traffic increases. Horizontal scaling was the primary goal of this new redesign, and early results indicate it's working.

The new architecture for DVMDash uses a redis queue to hold events collected from relays. Then batches of events are pulled off of the queue by dvm event analyzers to compute metrics. Duplicating these analyzers is one way DVMDash can horizontally scale.

To see if increasing the number of dvm event analyzers improves speed, I ran a performance test on Digital Ocean using real DVM events collected from Jan. 1st 2024 to Jan 9th 2025, which includes more than 2.4 million events. The only difference between each run is the number of DVM event analyzers ranging from 1 to 6.

The first graph shows that adding more event analyzers has a significant speed improvement. With only one analyzer it took nearly an hour to process the 2.4 million events. With every added analyzer, there was a noticeable speedup, as can be seen in the graph. With n=6 analyzers, we were able to process all 2.4 million events in about 10 minutes.

When we look at the rate of processing shown in the second graph, we can see that we get up to 300k dvm events processed per minute when n=6, compared to just ~50k events processed when n=1.

While I did test beyond 6 analyzers, I found the sweet spot for the current infrastructure setup to be around 6 analyzers. This provides plenty of headroom above our current processing needs, which typically see less than a million events per month. Even at a million DVM events per day, DVMDash should be able to handle it with n=2 analyzers running. The most important takeaway is that DVMDash can now horizontally scale by adding more analyzers as DVM activity grows in the future.

The code to run these performance tests, either locally or on Digital Ocean (you'd need an API key), is in the dvmdash repo, so anyone can replicate these tests. There's a lot of nuance to scaling that I'm leaving out of this short article, and you can't get away from having to adjust database capacity (especially number of connections). The code for this test can be found in experiments/test_batch_processing_scaling.py and the code to produce the graphs is in experiments/graph_batch_processing_scaling_data.py. For now this is still in the full-redesign branch, soon it will be merged into main.

The live version of dvmdash doesn't have these performance updates yet, a complete redesign is coming soon, including a new UI.

I've had my head down working on this rewrite, and couldn't move on to add new features until this was done. Thank you to the folks who made github issues, I'll be getting to those soon.

DVMDash is open source, please drop by and give us a feature request, bug report, pull request or star. Thanks to OpenSats for funding this work.

Github: https://github.com/dtdannen/dvmdash

Shoutout to nostr:npub12xeqxplp5ut4h92s3vxthrdv30j0czxz9a8tef8cfg2cs59r85gqnzrk5w for helping me think through database design choices.

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

In much of the world, it is incredibly difficult to access U.S. dollars. Local currencies are often poorly managed and riddled with corruption. Billions of people demand a more reliable alternative. While the dollar has its own issues of corruption and mismanagement, it is widely regarded as superior to the fiat currencies it competes with globally. As a result, Tether has found massive success providing low cost, low friction access to dollars. Tether claims 400 million total users, is on track to add 200 million more this year, processes 8.1 million transactions daily, and facilitates $29 billion in daily transfers. Furthermore, their estimates suggest nearly 40% of users rely on it as a savings tool rather than just a transactional currency.

Tether’s rise has made the company a financial juggernaut. Last year alone, Tether raked in over $13 billion in profit, with a lean team of less than 100 employees. Their business model is elegantly simple: hold U.S. Treasuries and collect the interest. With over $113 billion in Treasuries, Tether has turned a straightforward concept into a profit machine.

Tether’s success has resulted in many competitors eager to claim a piece of the pie. This has triggered a massive venture capital grift cycle in USD tokens, with countless projects vying to dethrone Tether. Due to Tether’s entrenched network effect, these challengers face an uphill battle with little realistic chance of success. Most educated participants in the space likely recognize this reality but seem content to perpetuate the grift, hoping to cash out by dumping their equity positions on unsuspecting buyers before they realize the reality of the situation.

Historically, Tether’s greatest vulnerability has been U.S. government intervention. For over a decade, the company operated offshore with few allies in the U.S. establishment, making it a major target for regulatory action. That dynamic has shifted recently and Tether has seized the opportunity. By actively courting U.S. government support, Tether has fortified their position. This strategic move will likely cement their status as the dominant USD token for years to come.

While undeniably a great tool for the millions of users that rely on it, Tether is not without flaws. As a centralized, trusted third party, it holds the power to freeze or seize funds at its discretion. Corporate mismanagement or deliberate malpractice could also lead to massive losses at scale. In their goal of mitigating regulatory risk, Tether has deepened ties with law enforcement, mirroring some of the concerns of potential central bank digital currencies. In practice, Tether operates as a corporate CBDC alternative, collaborating with authorities to surveil and seize funds. The company proudly touts partnerships with leading surveillance firms and its own data reveals cooperation in over 1,000 law enforcement cases, with more than $2.5 billion in funds frozen.

---

The global demand for Tether is undeniable and the company’s profitability reflects its unrivaled success. Tether is owned and operated by bitcoiners and will likely continue to push forward strategic goals that help the movement as a whole. Recent efforts to mitigate the threat of U.S. government enforcement will likely solidify their network effect and stifle meaningful adoption of rival USD tokens or CBDCs. Yet, for all their achievements, Tether is simply a worse form of money than bitcoin. Tether requires trust in a centralized entity, while bitcoin can be saved or spent without permission. Furthermore, Tether is tied to the value of the US Dollar which is designed to lose purchasing power over time, while bitcoin, as a truly scarce asset, is designed to increase in purchasing power with adoption. As people awaken to the risks of Tether’s control, and the benefits bitcoin provides, bitcoin adoption will likely surpass it.

@ 14206a66:689725cf

This article is a repost, migrating from Substack

Introduction

Released in November 2020 by fiatjaf, Nostr is an open, decentralised, censorship-resistant messaging protocol. The protocol is well designed, and many authors have written extensively about the mechanics and use-cases. For the purposes of this article, I will narrow the focus to Nostr as a tool to enable the creation of platform markets. My aim is to give the reader an introduction to platform market pricing and provide concrete steps to price their platform strategically.

What is a Platform Market?

A platform market consists of multiple groups of users who want to interact but can’t do so directly. The platform brings them together to enable interaction, benefiting all users and the platform itself by enabling these interactions and pricing appropriately. Although platform markets have been around forever, the last decade has seen an explosion in their number due to the ubiquity of the internet.

Examples:

·         Google

·         YouTube

·         TV

·         Facebook

·         Twitter (X)

Platform markets have historically earned significant revenue if they design their pricing correctly. This is because platform markets don’t need to produce goods themselves; rather, one or more “sides” of the platform produce goods and services for the other side, with the platform merely enabling the exchange. TikTok is a prime example: it produces nothing except a video hosting service, with users generating all the content for other users. Effectively, the platform has only fixed costs and very low marginal costs.

Therefore, platform markets are far more scalable than traditional one-sided markets, as their primary concern is to attract as many users as possible (who have no marginal cost to the platform). Additionally, platforms often enjoy a captive audience, making it difficult for competitors to entice away users once they are established. This is particularly evident in software and payment platforms.

How Does Nostr Enable the Creation of Platform Markets?

·         Open Protocol: Like the internet, Nostr is an open protocol.

·         Inbuilt Payment Systems: Nostr integrates payment systems such as Bitcoin’s Lightning Network.

·         Existing User Base: It already has a growing user base.

·         Decentralisation: This feature acts as a moat against competitors.

Types of platform enabled by Nostr

As of 2024 we are seeing multiple types of platforms that Nostr has enabled. The first is Nostr relays. A Nostr relay is a simple server that receives and broadcasts user notes (messages) in the Nostr protocol. Users can publish and fetch notes across multiple relays. Nostr relays can be configured by their operator to curate content on specific topics or people. Alternatively, they can be configured with an algorithm as experienced by users of contemporary social media. These can be valuable for users. And potentially, paid relays are a viable business opportunity.

The second platform Nostr enables is the Nostr client. Nostr clients are analogous to internet browser software. Historically, we have seen users be charged to install an internet browser, though this is unlikely to emerge in the market for Nostr clients. As a platform, a Nostr client might be bundled with a relay service (with curation or algorithm).

The third type of platform is Nostr apps. Each app can be designed as a platform if that is valuable for users. We are already seeing Nostr-based alternatives for music and video streaming, looking to compete with apps like YouTube.

We can’t know what the future will hold but the possibilities for designing platforms with Nostr are many. The advantage in designing a platform is that you can create a two sided market.

What is a Two-Sided Market?

All two-sided markets are platform markets, but not all platform markets are two-sided markets. The critical aspect of a two-sided market is that the volume of interactions on the platform depends on both the relative prices charged to each side and the total price charged. This is the case when both sides value more users on the other side, known in literature as an “indirect network externality.”

An example of a one-sided platform market is a clothes retailer, where the volume of sales depends only on the total price, not the relative prices charged to buyers and producers. Conversely, YouTube is a two-sided market where both creators and watchers benefit from more users. Watchers benefit from more variety and quality, while creators benefit from more users and views. YouTube introduces a special category of creators, the advertisers, who benefit monetarily from views because consumers viewing their content are likely to purchase their goods.

The prices paid by YouTube users are not all monetary:

·         Watchers are charged an inconvenience fee in the form of advertisements.

·         Advertisers are charged a monetary fee.

·         Creators are not charged any fees.

Let’s assume the total fees for YouTube add up to $100. Say advertisers are charged $90, watchers face an inconvenience worth $10, and creators still enjoy $0 costs. In this scenario, the total volume of videos watched might be some number like 100,000.

Assume we change the price structure to advertisers being charged $80, watchers paying an inconvenience worth $10, and creators being charged $10 (keeping the total fees at $100). In this new scenario, the likely outcome is that the marginal creator will no longer create videos, and thus, the total volume of videos watched will fall.

Two-Sided Markets that Allow Money Exchange

The key to understanding Nostr’s value lies in its inbuilt payment mechanism—Bitcoin’s Lightning Network protocol. Although this protocol is not part of the Nostr codebase, the existing Nostr clients incorporate it to allow users to pay each other bitcoin with a simple user interface. This means that Nostr as a protocol is ideal for creating platforms where users can exchange monetary value. The mechanics and design choices of the Lightning network further augment Nostr’s value proposition more so than traditional payment systems like credit cards, PayPal, etc.

Key Problem: Chicken and Egg

So far, we have established that platform markets enable at least two groups of users to come together and exchange. The primary problem is that both groups will only use the platform if the other group is already using it, creating a classic chicken and egg scenario. Platforms operate by bringing groups of users together, making users reticent to switch to a new platform because they don’t know if the other users will be there. This gives existing platforms enormous power.

Guy Swann sums this up well in this Nostr note: note1695j0czewtkfwy7h4ne7k2ug706uwc7lendsq50prsfp8vwq8nfszdx4z7.

Competing with Existing Platforms: Divide and Conquer!

To compete with existing platforms, you need to divide and conquer. The original formulation for this strategy is given in both Caillaud and Jullien (2003) and Armstrong (2006). To take advantage of the indirect network externalities identified earlier, the divide and conquer strategy involves subsidising one side of the market to attract a large user base (the "divide" part) and then monetising the other side of the market (the "conquer" part).

Divide: Attract one side of the market by offering lower prices or subsidies. For example, offer free registration to one side. This subsidy is essential to kickstart the network effects, as a larger user base on one side increases the platform’s attractiveness to the other side. This was observed in the early days of YouTube, which was free for both creators and watchers.

Conquer: Once a substantial user base is established on the subsidised side, charge higher fees on the other side of the market. This can be seen in contemporary YouTube, where advertisers (a specific kind of creator) pay fees, and watchers deal with the inconvenience of watching ads (inconvenience is a non-price fee).

Implementing This Strategy in Your Platform:

So who are are you dividing, who are you conquering? Deciding which side to subsidise involves understanding which side offers more benefit to the other side. For example, in nightclubs (Wright, 2004), men and women go to interact. Men are assumed to gain more from each woman’s presence than vice versa, so nightclubs often subsidise women with free entry or drinks to attract men.

First, consider all your user groups. What brings them to your platform, what do they want to gain by interacting with the other user groups.

Think about, and identify, which group confers more value for the other group by being on the platform.

Then, think about how you can subsidise that user group. Free access is common. But Nostr allows seamless payment integration which encourages users to exchange money. A potential model for your platform could be that you charge a fee to both users based on how much value they send to each other. One way to subsidise users in this case is to reduce those fees.

Alternatively, you could pay users to join your platform using Nostr’s integration with the Lightning Network.

References:

·         Armstrong, M. (2006). Competition in two-sided markets. The RAND Journal of Economics, 37(3), 668-691.

·         Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. (2003). Chicken & Egg: Competition among Intermediation Service Providers. The RAND Journal of Economics, 34(2), 309-328.

·         Wright, J. (2004). One-sided logic in two-sided markets. Review of Network Economics, 3(1).

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

One of the most common criticisms leveled against nostr is the perceived lack of assurance when it comes to data storage. Critics argue that without a centralized authority guaranteeing that all data is preserved, important information will be lost. They also claim that running a relay will become prohibitively expensive. While there is truth to these concerns, they miss the mark. The genius of nostr lies in its flexibility, resilience, and the way it harnesses human incentives to ensure data availability in practice.

A nostr relay is simply a server that holds cryptographically verifiable signed data and makes it available to others. Relays are simple, flexible, open, and require no permission to run. Critics are right that operating a relay attempting to store all nostr data will be costly. What they miss is that most will not run all encompassing archive relays. Nostr does not rely on massive archive relays. Instead, anyone can run a relay and choose to store whatever subset of data they want. This keeps costs low and operations flexible, making relay operation accessible to all sorts of individuals and entities with varying use cases.

Critics are correct that there is no ironclad guarantee that every piece of data will always be available. Unlike bitcoin where data permanence is baked into the system at a steep cost, nostr does not promise that every random note or meme will be preserved forever. That said, in practice, any data perceived as valuable by someone will likely be stored and distributed by multiple entities. If something matters to someone, they will keep a signed copy.

Nostr is the Streisand Effect in protocol form. The Streisand effect is when an attempt to suppress information backfires, causing it to spread even further. With nostr, anyone can broadcast signed data, anyone can store it, and anyone can distribute it. Try to censor something important? Good luck. The moment it catches attention, it will be stored on relays across the globe, copied, and shared by those who find it worth keeping. Data deemed important will be replicated across servers by individuals acting in their own interest.

Nostr’s distributed nature ensures that the system does not rely on a single point of failure or a corporate overlord. Instead, it leans on the collective will of its users. The result is a network where costs stay manageable, participation is open to all, and valuable verifiable data is stored and distributed forever.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Breezy Weather (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, tap Add A New Location and search for your city
3. Review the providers for each weather source
4. Optionally, add more locations by tapping the + icon
5. Enjoy the weather updates

ℹ️ To receive notifications for weather alerts, tap ⚙️, then Notifications and enable Notifications Of Severe Weather Alerts

@ 3b70689a:c1e351eb

来自西班牙的公司 Liberux 最近推出了他们的新手机 Liberux NEXX 众筹计划. 根据目前主页上的介绍, 这款设备将会搭载基于 Debian 13 ARM 构建的 LiberuxOS 操作系统, 并且还提供一个受限的(jailed)的 Android 子系统.

• Liberux (@Liberux@mastodon.social) - Mastodon

Liberux 的 Fediverse 主页

• TX4RLY (@BUF0@mastodon.social) - Mastodon

Liberux 硬件开发工程师 Carlos Rodríguez 的 Fediverse 主页

Carlos Rodríguez 说, 目前网站上的 NEXX 是最初版本, 目前仍然在努力制造第一台原型机, 并且所有的硬件和软件设计都将免费(公开).

WOW, I think our little secret has been revealed, we hope that in a short time you will be able to see the first functional prototypes. We are working very hard on it, by the way, all our designs, both hardware and software, will be free. At the moment the web is a first version, some things will be modified.

—— TX4RLY: "@linmob @awai WOW, I think ou…" - Mastodon

硬件参数

• CPU: 瑞芯微 RK3588s (八核心, 8nm, 2.4Ghz, 2022Q1)

• GPU: ARM Mali-G610 (4 核心, 2021Q2)

• 存储: 32GB LPDDR4x RAM, 256GB eMMC ROM
• 电池: 5300mAh (可拆卸)
• 接口: 3.5mm 耳机 * 1, USB-C 3.1 * 2
• 扩展: microSD 插槽 (2TB Max)
• 屏幕: 6.34 吋, OLED, 2400*1080
• 相机: 后置 32MP, 前置 13MP
• 通讯: 高通骁龙 X62 基带 (2021Q1), 海华 AW-CM256SM 无线网卡 (Wi-Fi 5, 蓝牙 5.0)
• 传感器: 昇佳 STK3311-X 环境光传感器, 美新 MMC3630KJ 三轴磁传感器, 应美盛 ICM-42670-P 加速度计/陀螺仪
• 其他: 内置 DAC 和功放芯片 (瑞昱 ALC5640-VB-CG, 艾为 AW8737SCSR)

其他特点

设备目前公布的外观设计均是渲染效果, 最终交付的设备很可能会与这些渲染图片有很大出入. 但仍然可以通过这些效果图理解 Liberux 的最初意图.

• 摄像头 & 麦克风, 蓝牙 & WLAN, 数据网络功能模块的物理开关(位于顶部).

• 后置指纹解锁, 无摄像模组凸起.

• 左上角挖孔前置摄像头.

• 电源键位于侧边右下角.

其他报道

• Liberux Nexx: New Linux smartphone with 32GB RAM, 2TB storage, 5G and more - NotebookCheck.net News
• Смартфон Liberux Nexx получил ОС Linux и поддержку 2 ТБ памяти - 4PDA (讨论)
• Smartfon z Linuksem? Oto Liberux NEXX. Ekran OLED, 32 GB RAM i system oparty na Debianie. Ciekawy model, choć nie bez wad | PurePC.pl (讨论)
• LINux on MOBile: "The Liberux Nexx (https://libe…" - Fosstodon (Fediverse, 讨论, 工程师回复)

@ 34f1ddab:2ca0cf7c

Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

Why Trust Crypt Recver? 🤝 🛠️ Expert Recovery Solutions At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:

Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats You’re not just getting a service; you’re gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.

🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.

💻 Advanced Technology Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈 Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases. Transaction Recovery: Mistakes happen — whether it’s an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery. Cold Wallet Restoration: If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet. Private Key Generation: Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy. ⚠️ What We Don’t Do While we can handle many scenarios, some limitations exist. For instance, we cannot recover funds stored in custodial wallets or cases where there is a complete loss of four or more seed words without partial information available. We are transparent about what’s possible, so you know what to expect

Don’t Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back! Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC — nearly 20% of the total supply — are estimated to be permanently lost? Don’t become part of that statistic! Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges

🛡️ Real-Time Dust Attack Protection Our services extend beyond recovery. We offer dust attack protection, keeping your activity anonymous and your funds secure, shielding your identity from unwanted tracking, ransomware, and phishing attempts.

🎉 Start Your Recovery Journey Today! Ready to reclaim your lost crypto? Don’t wait until it’s too late! 👉 cryptrecver.com

📞 Need Immediate Assistance? Connect with Us! For real-time support or questions, reach out to our dedicated team on: ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Crypt Recver is your trusted partner in cryptocurrency recovery. Let us turn your challenges into victories. Don’t hesitate — your crypto future starts now! 🚀✨

Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

# Why Trust Crypt Recver? 🤝

🛠️ Expert Recovery Solutions\ At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:

• Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases
• Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses
• Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets
• Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats

You’re not just getting a service; you’re gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.

🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery\ We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority\ Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.

💻 Advanced Technology\ Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈

• Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases.
• Transaction Recovery: Mistakes happen — whether it’s an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery.
• Cold Wallet Restoration: If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet.
• Private Key Generation: Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy.

⚠️ What We Don’t Do\ While we can handle many scenarios, some limitations exist. For instance, we cannot recover funds stored in custodial wallets or cases where there is a complete loss of four or more seed words without partial information available. We are transparent about what’s possible, so you know what to expect

# Don’t Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back!

Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC — nearly 20% of the total supply — are estimated to be permanently lost? Don’t become part of that statistic! Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges

🛡️ Real-Time Dust Attack Protection\ Our services extend beyond recovery. We offer dust attack protection, keeping your activity anonymous and your funds secure, shielding your identity from unwanted tracking, ransomware, and phishing attempts.

🎉 Start Your Recovery Journey Today!\ Ready to reclaim your lost crypto? Don’t wait until it’s too late!\ 👉 cryptrecver.com

📞 Need Immediate Assistance? Connect with Us!\ For real-time support or questions, reach out to our dedicated team on:\ ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver\ 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Crypt Recver is your trusted partner in cryptocurrency recovery. Let us turn your challenges into victories. Don’t hesitate — your crypto future starts now! 🚀✨

Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Capitalism is the most effective system for scaling innovation. The pursuit of profit is an incredibly powerful human incentive. Most major improvements to human society and quality of life have resulted from this base incentive. Market competition often results in the best outcomes for all.

That said, some projects can never be monetized. They are open in nature and a business model would centralize control. Open protocols like bitcoin and nostr are not owned by anyone and if they were it would destroy the key value propositions they provide. No single entity can or should control their use. Anyone can build on them without permission.

As a result, open protocols must depend on donation based grant funding from the people and organizations that rely on them. This model works but it is slow and uncertain, a grind where sustainability is never fully reached but rather constantly sought. As someone who has been incredibly active in the open source grant funding space, I do not think people truly appreciate how difficult it is to raise charitable money and deploy it efficiently.

Projects that can be monetized should be. Profitability is a super power. When a business can generate revenue, it taps into a self sustaining cycle. Profit fuels growth and development while providing projects independence and agency. This flywheel effect is why companies like Google, Amazon, and Apple have scaled to global dominance. The profit incentive aligns human effort with efficiency. Businesses must innovate, cut waste, and deliver value to survive.

Contrast this with non monetized projects. Without profit, they lean on external support, which can dry up or shift with donor priorities. A profit driven model, on the other hand, is inherently leaner and more adaptable. It is not charity but survival. When survival is tied to delivering what people want, scale follows naturally.

The real magic happens when profitable, sustainable businesses are built on top of open protocols and software. Consider the many startups building on open source software stacks, such as Start9, Mempool, and Primal, offering premium services on top of the open source software they build out and maintain. Think of companies like Block or Strike, which leverage bitcoin’s open protocol to offer their services on top. These businesses amplify the open software and protocols they build on, driving adoption and improvement at a pace donations alone could never match.

When you combine open software and protocols with profit driven business the result are lean, sustainable companies that grow faster and serve more people than either could alone. Bitcoin’s network, for instance, benefits from businesses that profit off its existence, while nostr will expand as developers monetize apps built on the protocol.

Capitalism scales best because competition results in efficiency. Donation funded protocols and software lay the groundwork, while market driven businesses build on top. The profit incentive acts as a filter, ensuring resources flow to what works, while open systems keep the playing field accessible, empowering users and builders. Together, they create a flywheel of innovation, growth, and global benefit.

@ e034d654:ca919814

I stumbled into nostr end of March 2023. At that point already fully thrown into the hows, whys and whats of Bitcoin, never really interested in social apps, just recently playing around with Lightning, the only experience of which at the time was Muun (😬) and stacker.news custodial wallet.

Fairly inexperienced with technicals other than rough understandings of concepts. A crappy laptop node with a dangling SSD via USB, constantly having to resync to current blockheights whenever I was ready to make an on chain transaction to cold storage. My great success after over two years of delay, and a couple failed attempts.

Something about the breadth of information for nitty gritty specifics, the clash with all the things that I found interesting about Bitcoin, with others equally as focused, kept me interested in Nostr. Plus the lighthearted shit posting to break up plumbing the depths of knowledge appealed to me.

Cut to now. Through the jurisdictional removals and even deaths of LN wallet projects, using mobile LSPs, finding use cases with the numerous cashu implementations, moderate comfortability with NWC strings of various permissions, budgets for seemingly endless apps of Nostr clients, swapping relays, isolated wallets with Alby go for my wife and cousin (I told them both not to put much on there as I'm sure failure is imminent) Alby Hub and Zeus, now fully backended by my own persistently online lightning node. All of it adding to the fluidity of my movement around the protocol.

Nimble.

Gradual progress. Reading through notes and guides posted on Nostr learning little bits, circling back eventually, if even at a time it wasn't clicking for me. Either way. Glad i've stuck to it even if I still barely know what it is I'm doing.

@ 609f186c:0aa4e8af

Google says that Android 16 is slated to feature an optional high security mode. Cool.

Advanced Protection has a bunch of requested features that address the kinds of threats we worry about.

It's the kind of 'turn this one thing on if you face elevated risk' that we've been asking for from Google.

And likely reflects some learning after Google watched Apple 's Lockdown Mode play out. I see a lot of value in this..

Here are some features I'm excited to see play out:

The Intrusion Logging feature is interesting & is going to impose substantial cost on attackers trying to hide evidence of exploitation. Logs get e2ee encrypted into the cloud. This one is spicy.

The Offline Lock, Inactivity Reboot & USB protection will frustrate non-consensual attempts to physically grab device data.

Memory Tagging Extension is going to make a lot of attack & exploitation categories harder.

2G Network Protection & disabling Auto-connect to insecure networks are going to address categories of threat from things like IMSI catchers & hostile WiFi.

I'm curious about some other features such as:

Spam & Scam detection: Google messages feature that suggests message content awareness and some kind of scanning.

Scam detection for Phone by Google is interesting & coming later. The way it is described suggests phone conversation awareness. This also addresses a different category of threat than the stuff above. I can see it addressing a whole category of bad things that regular users (& high risk ones too!) face. Will be curious how privacy is addressed or if this done purely locally. Getting messy: Friction points? I see Google thinking these through, but I'm going to add a potential concern: what will users do when they encounter friction? Will they turn this off & forget to re-enable? We've seen users turn off iOS Lockdown Mode when they run into friction for specific websites or, say, legacy WiFi. They then forget to turn it back on. And stay vulnerable.

Bottom line: users disabling Apple's Lockdown Mode for a temporary thing & leaving it off because they forget to turn it on happens a lot. This is a serious % of users in my experience...

And should be factored into design decisions for similar modes. I feel like a good balance is a 'snooze button' or equivalent so that users can disable all/some features for a brief few minute period to do something they need to do, and then auto re-enable.

Winding up:

I'm excited to see how Android Advanced Protection plays with high risk users' experiences. I'm also super curious whether the spam/scam detection features may also be helpful to more vulnerable users (think: aging seniors)...

Niche but important:

Some users, esp. those that migrated to security & privacy-focused Android distros because of because of the absence of such a feature are clear candidates for it... But they may also voice privacy concerns around some of the screening features. Clear communication from the Google Security / Android team will be key here.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

KYC database of Coinbase, the largest U.S. digital asset exchange, has been breached and up to 1% of monthly active users, or around 100,000 customers, have had their personal info stolen.

Hackers reportedly bribed overseas customer support agents and contractors to leak internal company info and user data. They then demanded $20 million and threatened to release the stolen data if Coinbase didn’t pay.

Instead of paying the ransom, Coinbase said no and is setting up a $20 million reward fund for anyone who can help catch the hackers.

“They then tried to extort Coinbase for $20 million to cover this up. We said no,” the company said in a blog post. “Instead of paying the $20 million ransom, we’re establishing a $20 million reward fund.”

So what’s been stolen? The breach, which was first disclosed in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), did not involve any theft of customer funds, login credentials, private keys or wallets.

But the hackers did get:

• Full names
• Addresses
• Phone numbers
• Email addresses
• Last 4 digits of Social Security numbers
• Bank account numbers and some bank identifiers
• Government ID images (driver’s licenses, passports, etc.)
• Account balances and transaction history
• Internal corporate documents and training materials

Coinbase says Prime accounts were not affected and no passwords or 2FA codes were stolen.

According to Coinbase, the attackers targeted outsourced support agents in countries like India. They were offering cash bribes in exchange for access to the company’s internal customer support tools.

“What these attackers were doing was finding Coinbase employees and contractors based in India who were associated with our business process outsourcing or support operations, that kind of thing, and bribing them in order to obtain customer data,” said Philip Martin, Coinbase’s Chief Security Officer.

Coinbase said it first saw suspicious activity in January 2025 but didn’t get a direct email from the threat actors until May 11. The email had evidence of stolen data and the ransom demand.

Coinbase quickly launched an investigation, fired all the involved support agents and notified law enforcement. It also started notifying users via email on May 15.

The Coinbase data breach has hit it hard, financially and publicly. The company estimates it will spend $180-$400 million on security upgrades, reimbursements and other remediation.

Coinbase’s stock also took a hit, dropping 6.4% after the news broke, before rebounding.

Analysts say this couldn’t have come at a worse time, as Coinbase is about to be added to the S&P 500 index – a big deal for any publicly traded company.

It’s definitely an unfortunate timing. “This may push the industry to adopt stricter employee vetting and introduce some reputational risks,” said Bo Pei, analyst at U.S. Tiger Securities.

Coinbase will reimburse any customers who were tricked into sending their digital assets to the attackers as part of social engineering scams. They’ve also introduced new security measures:

• Extra ID verification for high-risk withdrawals
• Scam-awareness prompts
• A new U.S.-based support center
• Stronger insider threat monitoring
• Simulation testing for internal systems

Affected customers have already been notified and the exchange is working with U.S. and international law enforcement to track down the attackers.

This is part of a larger trend in the digital assets world. Earlier this year, Bybit, another exchange, was hit with a $1.5 billion theft, dubbed the biggest digital asset heist in history.

Research from Chainalysis shows over $2.2 billion was stolen from digital asset platforms in 2024 alone.

@ d57360cb:4fe7d935

Time sinks and energy wastage.

The topic I'd like to talk on is being worse at something you do when you think about it doing it. Not even overthinking about it, but just in general thinking about an action. Becoming aware and self-conscious seems to divide you. Almost like splitting your brain and body in two when they should be working as a unit. Why am I worse when I want to do better?

The issue of multitasking

Why does my game at any sport or activity take a fall when I begin to think endlessly about it? We can’t multitask; our brain thrives on focus, pure focus. Laser-like unwavering — that’s when the mind is at its best. The kind of focus you have when you are thoughtless, when there is no self present. When you and the activity are merged as one, you reach a state where there is no longer activity, and there is no longer the human participating in the activity. This has been known to be zen, the Tao, the way, Wu Wei, and the flow state. It seems to me when one thinks about an action and simultaneously performs the action, they are experiencing a split in attention.

Trust your natural creativity

An action done without thought is smooth, unfiltered, and untainted by mental precepts for how it should’ve been carried out. Our bodies are natural and know better than our brains. Even as I write this, my best sentences and writing come from when I’m simply not thinking about them. But why? Simply because you allow the genius of creativity to flow through unobstructed. When you analyze and overthink, you get in your own way; you misdirect your energy, you split your brain and body, and you get them out of alignment.

We are at our best when we do one thing at a time, fully attentive, yet should not be mistaken for thinking about being attentive one must be fully there, where there is no thought. There is no mental chatter or storytelling; all flows like a vicious, violent river. These are inherent gifts, spontaneous like nature. The birds don’t think to fly, the plants don’t think to sprout, yet they create the most jaw-dropping beauty. Why do you think you are above that?

Trust your nature; trust your gift. Allow patience to carry you through.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Obtainium (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and allow notifications
3. Open your browser, navigate to the GitHub page of the app you want to install, and copy the URL (e.g. https://github.com/revanced/revanced-manager for ReVanced)
4. Launch Obtainium, navigate to Add App, paste the URL into App Source URL, and tap Add
5. Wait for the loading process to finish
6. You can now tap Install to install the application
7. Enable Allow From This Source and return to Obtainium
8. Proceed with the installation by tapping Install

ℹ️ Besides GitHub, Obtainium can install from additional sources

ℹ️ You can also explore Complex Obtainium Apps for more options

@ c54f9c60:7c34249a

In October 2018, Arjun Balaji asked the innocuous question, What have you learned from Bitcoin? After trying to answer this question in a short tweet, and failing miserably, I realized that the things I've learned are far too numerous to answer quickly, if at all.

The things I've learned are, obviously, about Bitcoin - or at least related to it. However, while some of the inner workings of Bitcoin are explained, the following lessons are not an explanation of how Bitcoin works or what it is, they might, however, help to explore some of the things Bitcoin touches: philosophical questions, economic realities, and technological innovations.

The 21 lessons are structured in bundles of seven, resulting in three chapters. Each chapter looks at Bitcoin through a different lens, extracting what lessons can be learned by inspecting this strange network from a different angle.

Chapter 1 explores the philosophical teachings of Bitcoin. The interplay of immutability and change, the concept of true scarcity, Bitcoin's immaculate conception, the problem of identity, the contradiction of replication and locality, the power of free speech, and the limits of knowledge.

Chapter 2 explores the economic teachings of Bitcoin. Lessons about financial ignorance, inflation, value, money and the history of money, fractional reserve banking, and how Bitcoin is re-introducing sound money in a sly, roundabout way.

Chapter 3 explores some of the lessons learned by examining the technology of Bitcoin. Why there is strength in numbers, reflections on trust, why telling time takes work, how moving slowly and not breaking things is a feature and not a bug, what Bitcoin's creation can tell us about privacy, why cypherpunks write code (and not laws), and what metaphors might be useful to explore Bitcoin's future.

Each lesson contains several quotes and links throughout the text. If I have explored an idea in more detail, you can find links to my related works in the "Through the Looking-Glass" section. If you like to go deeper, links to the most relevant material are listed in the "Down the Rabbit Hole" section. Both can be found at the end of each lesson.

Even though some prior knowledge about Bitcoin is beneficial, I hope that these lessons can be digested by any curious reader. While some relate to each other, each lesson should be able to stand on its own and can be read independently. I did my best to shy away from technical jargon, even though some domain-specific vocabulary is unavoidable.

I hope that my writing serves as inspiration for others to dig beneath the surface and examine some of the deeper questions Bitcoin raises. My own inspiration came from a multitude of authors and content creators to all of whom I am eternally grateful.

Last but not least: my goal in writing this is not to convince you of anything. My goal is to make you think, and show you that there is way more to Bitcoin than meets the eye. I can’t even tell you what Bitcoin is or what Bitcoin will teach you. You will have to find that out for yourself.

"After this, there is no turning back. You take the blue pill —the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill— you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes."

—Morpheus

@ ae6ce958:d0f02c7d

In a world increasingly reliant on software, ensuring its reliability, fairness, and ethical operation has never been more critical. Enter DamageBDD, a visionary platform combining Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) principles with the Bitcoin Lightning Network to create an inclusive, sustainable ecosystem that rewards contributors for enhancing global software quality. DamageBDD offers a groundbreaking solution: a decentralized, incentivized network where contributors can earn continuous rewards for their efforts, fostering collaboration, innovation, and resilience on a planetary scale.

---

A Global Network of Inclusion

One of DamageBDD's core strengths lies in its accessibility. The platform lowers barriers to participation, enabling individuals from all walks of life to contribute to software quality assurance. Whether you're a seasoned developer, a student exploring programming, or an enthusiast with logical reasoning skills, DamageBDD offers a place for you to thrive.

• Inclusivity Across Borders: No matter where contributors are located, they can participate, write tests, and verify implementations, earning Bitcoin payouts directly via the Lightning Network. This opens doors for individuals in underserved regions, empowering them to earn a sustainable income by contributing to a global digital infrastructure.
• Democratizing Software Development: By simplifying the process of writing and validating BDD test cases, DamageBDD ensures that anyone, regardless of technical background, can play a vital role in the ecosystem.

---

Sustainability Through Continuous Rewards

DamageBDD introduces a revolutionary incentive model where contributors earn not just for initial efforts but for the enduring utility of their work. Once a contributor writes and validates a test case or implements a feature, they can continue to earn payouts every time that test is executed successfully in the future. This model creates a self-sustaining loop of collaboration, innovation, and maintenance:

• Long-Term Incentives: Contributors remain financially motivated to keep their tests updated and ensure the associated feature works as expected. This continuous engagement ensures the software remains resilient, evolving to meet changing requirements.
• Encouraging Best Practices: By linking payouts to ongoing test executions, DamageBDD promotes robust test writing and feature development, reducing technical debt and encouraging sustainable software practices.

This approach not only aligns incentives with quality but also creates a virtuous cycle where contributors benefit from the long-term success of their work, ensuring a healthier, more collaborative software ecosystem.

---

Empowering Contributors for a Sustainable Future

Participating in the DamageBDD network provides contributors with opportunities that extend beyond monetary rewards. It empowers individuals and communities by fostering education, skill development, and global collaboration.

• Economic Empowerment: By earning Bitcoin payouts for their contributions, participants gain access to a global, borderless financial system. This is particularly impactful for those in regions with limited economic opportunities or unstable fiat currencies.
• Skill Development: Contributors learn and refine valuable skills, from writing precise BDD test cases to collaborating on complex software projects. These skills are transferable, increasing contributors' employability and confidence.
• Community Collaboration: The DamageBDD network brings together a diverse group of individuals and teams, creating a vibrant global community focused on innovation and quality.

---

A Self-Sustaining Software Ecosystem

At the heart of DamageBDD is a vision of a self-sustaining software ecosystem, where contributors, users, and developers are interconnected through mutual benefits:

• Decentralized Verification: Billions of test cases are verified daily on a distributed infrastructure, ensuring scalability and resilience.
• Dynamic Liquidity: The Bitcoin Lightning Network provides seamless micropayments, ensuring that contributors are rewarded in real time without delays or intermediaries.
• Adaptive Testing: DamageBDD's network detects gaps in coverage and autonomously generates new tests, keeping the ecosystem robust and up-to-date.
• Environmental Sustainability: By leveraging existing decentralized infrastructure and incentivizing efficient software development practices, DamageBDD minimizes waste and maximizes resource utilization.

---

The Ripple Effect: Continuous Benefits for All

As the DamageBDD ecosystem grows, its benefits extend far beyond individual contributors. Organizations, communities, and even nations stand to gain:

• For Organizations: High-quality software reduces downtime, builds user trust, and accelerates innovation. Companies that integrate with DamageBDD can leverage its robust test coverage to deliver better products faster.
• For Communities: DamageBDD creates local economic opportunities by enabling individuals to participate in the global digital economy. Communities can build localized solutions while tapping into a global network of expertise.
• For the Planet: A robust, well-tested software ecosystem reduces inefficiencies and ensures that digital infrastructure remains resilient in the face of global challenges.

---

A Vision for the Future

Imagine a world where billions of users collaborate daily to ensure the quality of the software we all rely on. In this vision, DamageBDD is the backbone of a planetary-scale ecosystem, verifying billions of tests and creating an ever-evolving foundation for innovation. Every test case is a building block, every contributor is a stakeholder, and every payout is a step toward a more equitable, sustainable, and inclusive digital future.

By aligning incentives with quality and participation, DamageBDD transforms software development into a collective endeavor that benefits everyone. It is more than a platform; it is a movement—one that empowers individuals, fosters collaboration, and builds a sustainable digital world for generations to come.

@ 08f96856:ffe59a09

เมื่อพูดถึง Bitcoin Standard หลายคนมักนึกถึงภาพโลกอนาคตที่ทุกคนใช้บิตคอยน์ซื้อกาแฟหรือของใช้ในชีวิตประจำวัน ภาพแบบนั้นดูเหมือนไกลตัวและเป็นไปไม่ได้ในความเป็นจริง หลายคนถึงกับพูดว่า “คงไม่ทันเห็นในช่วงชีวิตนี้หรอก” แต่ในมุมมองของผม Bitcoin Standard อาจไม่ได้เริ่มต้นจากการที่เราจ่ายบิตคอยน์โดยตรงในร้านค้า แต่อาจเริ่มจากบางสิ่งที่เงียบกว่า ลึกกว่า และเกิดขึ้นแล้วในขณะนี้ นั่นคือ การล่มสลายทีละน้อยของระบบเฟียตที่เราใช้กันอยู่

ระบบเงินที่อิงกับอำนาจรัฐกำลังเข้าสู่ช่วงขาลง รัฐบาลทั่วโลกกำลังจมอยู่ในภาระหนี้ระดับประวัติการณ์ แม้แต่ประเทศมหาอำนาจก็เริ่มแสดงสัญญาณของภาวะเสี่ยงผิดนัดชำระหนี้ อัตราเงินเฟ้อกลายเป็นปัญหาเรื้อรังที่ไม่มีท่าทีจะหายไป ธนาคารที่เคยโอนฟรีเริ่มกลับมาคิดค่าธรรมเนียม และประชาชนก็เริ่มรู้สึกถึงการเสื่อมศรัทธาในระบบการเงินดั้งเดิม แม้จะยังพูดกันไม่เต็มเสียงก็ตาม

ในขณะเดียวกัน บิตคอยน์เองก็กำลังพัฒนาแบบเงียบ ๆ เงียบ... แต่ไม่เคยหยุด โดยเฉพาะในระดับ Layer 2 ที่เริ่มแสดงศักยภาพอย่างจริงจัง Lightning Network เป็น Layer 2 ที่เปิดใช้งานมาได้ระยะเวลสหนึ่ง และยังคงมีบทบาทสำคัญที่สุดในระบบนิเวศของบิตคอยน์ มันทำให้การชำระเงินเร็วขึ้น มีต้นทุนต่ำ และไม่ต้องบันทึกทุกธุรกรรมลงบล็อกเชน เครือข่ายนี้กำลังขยายตัวทั้งในแง่ของโหนดและการใช้งานจริงทั่วโลก

ขณะเดียวกัน Layer 2 ทางเลือกอื่นอย่าง Ark Protocol ก็กำลังพัฒนาเพื่อตอบโจทย์ด้านความเป็นส่วนตัวและประสบการณ์ใช้งานที่ง่าย BitVM เปิดแนวทางใหม่ให้บิตคอยน์รองรับ smart contract ได้ในระดับ Turing-complete ซึ่งทำให้เกิดความเป็นไปได้ในกรณีใช้งานอีกมากมาย และเทคโนโลยีที่น่าสนใจอย่าง Taproot Assets, Cashu และ Fedimint ก็ทำให้การออกโทเคนหรือสกุลเงินที่อิงกับบิตคอยน์เป็นจริงได้บนโครงสร้างของบิตคอยน์เอง

เทคโนโลยีเหล่านี้ไม่ใช่การเติบโตแบบปาฏิหาริย์ แต่มันคืบหน้าอย่างต่อเนื่องและมั่นคง และนั่นคือเหตุผลที่มันจะ “อยู่รอด” ได้ในระยะยาว เมื่อฐานของความน่าเชื่อถือไม่ใช่บริษัท รัฐบาล หรือทุน แต่คือสิ่งที่ตรวจสอบได้และเปลี่ยนกฎไม่ได้

แน่นอนว่าบิตคอยน์ต้องแข่งขันกับ stable coin, เงินดิจิทัลของรัฐ และ cryptocurrency อื่น ๆ แต่สิ่งที่ทำให้มันเหนือกว่านั้นไม่ใช่ฟีเจอร์ หากแต่เป็นความทนทาน และความมั่นคงของกฎที่ไม่มีใครเปลี่ยนได้ ไม่มีทีมพัฒนา ไม่มีบริษัท ไม่มีประตูปิด หรือการยึดบัญชี มันยืนอยู่บนคณิตศาสตร์ พลังงาน และเวลา

หลายกรณีใช้งานที่เคยถูกทดลองในโลกคริปโตจะค่อย ๆ เคลื่อนเข้ามาสู่บิตคอยน์ เพราะโครงสร้างของมันแข็งแกร่งกว่า ไม่ต้องการทีมพัฒนาแกนกลาง ไม่ต้องพึ่งกลไกเสี่ยงต่อการผูกขาด และไม่ต้องการ “ความเชื่อใจ” จากใครเลย

Bitcoin Standard ที่ผมพูดถึงจึงไม่ใช่การเปลี่ยนแปลงแบบพลิกหน้ามือเป็นหลังมือ แต่คือการ “เปลี่ยนฐานของระบบ” ทีละชั้น ระบบการเงินใหม่ที่อิงอยู่กับบิตคอยน์กำลังเกิดขึ้นแล้ว มันไม่ใช่โลกที่ทุกคนถือเหรียญบิตคอยน์ แต่มันคือโลกที่คนใช้อาจไม่รู้ตัวด้วยซ้ำว่า “สิ่งที่เขาใช้นั้นอิงอยู่กับบิตคอยน์”

ผู้คนอาจใช้เงินดิจิทัลที่สร้างบน Layer 3 หรือ Layer 4 ผ่านแอป ผ่านแพลตฟอร์ม หรือผ่านสกุลเงินใหม่ที่ดูไม่ต่างจากเดิม แต่เบื้องหลังของระบบจะผูกไว้กับบิตคอยน์

และถ้ามองในเชิงพัฒนาการ บิตคอยน์ก็เหมือนกับอินเทอร์เน็ต ครั้งหนึ่งอินเทอร์เน็ตก็ถูกมองว่าเข้าใจยาก ต้องพิมพ์ http ต้องรู้จัก TCP/IP ต้องตั้ง proxy เอง แต่ปัจจุบันผู้คนใช้งานอินเทอร์เน็ตโดยไม่รู้ว่าเบื้องหลังมีอะไรเลย บิตคอยน์กำลังเดินตามเส้นทางเดียวกัน โปรโตคอลกำลังถอยออกจากสายตา และวันหนึ่งเราจะ “ใช้มัน” โดยไม่ต้องรู้ว่ามันคืออะไร

หากนับจากช่วงเริ่มต้นของอินเทอร์เน็ตในยุค 1990 จนกลายเป็นโครงสร้างหลักของโลกในสองทศวรรษ เส้นเวลาของบิตคอยน์ก็กำลังเดินตามรอยเท้าของอินเทอร์เน็ต และถ้าเราเชื่อว่าวัฏจักรของเทคโนโลยีมีจังหวะของมันเอง เราก็จะรู้ว่า Bitcoin Standard นั้นไม่ใช่เรื่องของอนาคตไกลโพ้น แต่มันเกิดขึ้นแล้ว

siamstr

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

I. Historical Foundations of U.S. Monetary Architecture

The early monetary system of the United States was built atop inherited commodity money conventions from Europe’s maritime economies. Silver and gold coins—primarily Spanish pieces of eight, Dutch guilders, and other foreign specie—formed the basis of colonial commerce. These units were already integrated into international trade and piracy networks and functioned with natural compatibility across England, France, Spain, and Denmark. Lacking a centralized mint or formal currency, the U.S. adopted these forms de facto.

As security risks and the practical constraints of physical coinage mounted, banks emerged to warehouse specie and issue redeemable certificates. These certificates evolved into fiduciary media—claims on specie not actually in hand. Banks observed over time that substantial portions of reserves remained unclaimed for years. This enabled fractional reserve banking: issuing more claims than reserves held, so long as redemption demand stayed low. The practice was inherently unstable, prone to panics and bank runs, prompting eventual centralization through the formation of the Federal Reserve in 1913.

Following the Civil War and unstable reinstatements of gold convertibility, the U.S. sought global monetary stability. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system formalized the U.S. dollar as the global reserve currency. The dollar was nominally backed by gold, but most international dollars were held offshore and recycled into U.S. Treasuries. The Nixon Shock of 1971 eliminated the gold peg, converting the dollar into pure fiat. Yet offshore dollar demand remained, sustained by oil trade mandates and the unique role of Treasuries as global reserve assets.

II. The Structure of Fiduciary Media and Treasury Demand

Under this system, foreign trade surpluses with the U.S. generate excess dollars. These surplus dollars are parked in U.S. Treasuries, thereby recycling trade imbalances into U.S. fiscal liquidity. While technically loans to the U.S. government, these purchases act like interest-only transfers—governments receive yield, and the U.S. receives spendable liquidity without principal repayment due in the short term. Debt is perpetually rolled over, rarely extinguished.

This creates an illusion of global subsidy: U.S. deficits are financed via foreign capital inflows that, in practice, function more like financial tribute systems than conventional debt markets. The underlying asset—U.S. Treasury debt—functions as the base reserve asset of the dollar system, replacing gold in post-Bretton Woods monetary logic.

III. Emergence of Tether and the Parastatal Dollar

Tether (USDT), as a private issuer of dollar-denominated tokens, mimics key central bank behaviors while operating outside the regulatory perimeter. It mints tokens allegedly backed 1:1 by U.S. dollars or dollar-denominated securities (mostly Treasuries). These tokens circulate globally, often in jurisdictions with limited banking access, and increasingly serve as synthetic dollar substitutes.

If USDT gains dominance as the preferred medium of exchange—due to technological advantages, speed, programmability, or access—it displaces Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) not through devaluation, but through functional obsolescence. Gresham’s Law inverts: good money (more liquid, programmable, globally transferable USDT) displaces bad (FRNs) even if both maintain a nominal 1:1 parity.

Over time, this preference translates to a systemic demand shift. Actors increasingly use Tether instead of FRNs, especially in global commerce, digital marketplaces, or decentralized finance. Tether tokens effectively become shadow base money.

IV. Interaction with Commercial Banking and Redemption Mechanics

Under traditional fractional reserve systems, commercial banks issue loans denominated in U.S. dollars, expanding the money supply. When borrowers repay loans, this destroys the created dollars and contracts monetary elasticity. If borrowers repay in USDT instead of FRNs:

• Banks receive a non-Fed liability (USDT).
• USDT is not recognized as reserve-eligible within the Federal Reserve System.
• Banks must either redeem USDT for FRNs, or demand par-value conversion from Tether to settle reserve requirements and balance their books.

This places redemption pressure on Tether and threatens its 1:1 peg under stress. If redemption latency, friction, or cost arises, USDT’s equivalence to FRNs is compromised. Conversely, if banks are permitted or compelled to hold USDT as reserve or regulatory capital, Tether becomes a de facto reserve issuer.

In this scenario, banks may begin demanding loans in USDT, mirroring borrower behavior. For this to occur sustainably, banks must secure Tether liquidity. This creates two options: - Purchase USDT from Tether or on the secondary market, collateralized by existing fiat. - Borrow USDT directly from Tether, using bank-issued debt as collateral.

The latter mirrors Federal Reserve discount window operations. Tether becomes a lender of first resort, providing monetary elasticity to the banking system by creating new tokens against promissory assets—exactly how central banks function.

V. Structural Consequences: Parallel Central Banking

If Tether begins lending to commercial banks, issuing tokens backed by bank notes or collateralized debt obligations: - Tether controls the expansion of broad money through credit issuance. - Its balance sheet mimics a central bank, with Treasuries and bank debt as assets and tokens as liabilities. - It intermediates between sovereign debt and global liquidity demand, replacing the Federal Reserve’s open market operations with its own issuance-redemption cycles.

Simultaneously, if Tether purchases U.S. Treasuries with FRNs received through token issuance, it: - Supplies the Treasury with new liquidity (via bond purchases). - Collects yield on government debt. - Issues a parallel form of U.S. dollars that never require redemption—an interest-only loan to the U.S. government from a non-sovereign entity.

In this context, Tether performs monetary functions of both a central bank and a sovereign wealth fund, without political accountability or regulatory transparency.

VI. Endgame: Institutional Inversion and Fed Redundancy

This paradigm represents an institutional inversion:

• The Federal Reserve becomes a legacy issuer.
• Tether becomes the operational base money provider in both retail and interbank contexts.
• Treasuries remain the foundational reserve asset, but access to them is mediated by a private intermediary.
• The dollar persists, but its issuer changes. The State becomes a fiscal agent of a decentralized financial ecosystem, not its monetary sovereign.

Unless the Federal Reserve reasserts control—either by absorbing Tether, outlawing its instruments, or integrating its tokens into the reserve framework—it risks becoming irrelevant in the daily function of money.

Tether, in this configuration, is no longer a derivative of the dollar—it is the dollar, just one level removed from sovereign control. The future of monetary sovereignty under such a regime is post-national and platform-mediated.

@ 9f9fda7f:e5e82a43

Apache Kafka Architecture

Apache Kafka Architecture

Apache Kafka is a powerful distributed stream processing platform originally developed by LinkedIn, written in Scala and Java. In this article, I walk through the foundational concepts, design and architecture, concluding with hands-on coding examples using Node.js and the KafkaJS library.

Introduction to Kafka

Kafka enables the processing of real-time data streams in a distributed and scalable manner. It’s widely used in systems requiring reliable communication between components, especially for event-driven architectures and microservices.

However, these words sounds very markety and I like to deconstruct things to its basic first principles so that is what I’m going to do. This guide outlines the essential components, explains the core concepts like brokers, producers, consumers, and topics, and dives into more complex abstractions like partitions, consumer groups, and Kafka’s distributed nature.

Kafka Core Components

Here we discuss the fundamental components of Kafka.

Topics and Messages

Messages in Kafka are organized into logical categories called topics. Each topic is append-only and immutable (ie you cannot go back and edit a message). New data is added sequentially at the end. Disks love that.

There are two topics, one called users with two messages (John and Ed) and a Jobs with two messages Req1 and Req2.

Kafka Broker (Server)

The central server that receives and stores messages sent by producers and allow consumers to read the messages. Clients communicate with brokers via TCP, typically on port 9092.

Kafka broker hosts the topics and messages.

Producers and Consumers:

Producers connects to a broker, sends messages to the Kafka broker by specifying the topic.

Publisher pushes messages to the broker for a topic, messages go to the end.

Consumers connects to a broker, polls messages from a topic for a given broker for processing.

Customer polls messages based on a position

Partitions

I always say the best way to work with billions of rows is to avoid working with billions of row. Kafka is no different.

The topics in Kafka can be divided into partitions to allow data distribution and scalability. Each partition acts as a log that consumers read sequentially. Messages within partitions are identified by their offset, which is the message’s position in the log.

Partitioning

Partitioning enables parallel processing, you can have two consumers each processing a partition in parallel. While this allows scaling and improve reading throughput, it introduces complexity as producers and consumers must be aware of partitioning logic. A topic may have multiple partitions based on partition keys (e.g., A–M in partition 0, N–Z in partition 1).

Pub/Sub vs Queue Model

Kafka supports both pub/sub and queue-based messaging patterns:

• Queue: The topic can be treated as a queue, ie any message published to the queue will be consumed only once and popped from the queue. No two consumers can get the same message.
• Pub/Sub: The topic can be in publish-subscribe entity, ie any message published to the topic can be consumed by different consumers.

Kafka achieves this dual functionality using consumer groups. Each consumer in a group is assigned specific partitions, ensuring messages are processed only once per group.

To simulate a queue , all consumers are placed in the same consumer group (they all have the same group name). Whereas to simulate pub/sub mode you would place all consumers in unique group names.

Consumer Groups and Rebalancing

Each partition in a topic is assigned one consumer in a group. When multiple consumers join the same group, Kafka rebalances partitions among them. Each partition is consumed by only one consumer in a group. This allows horizontal scaling while ensuring order within each partition is maintained. Will demonstrate that in the code section.

Distributed Kafka Clusters and Zookeeper

Kafka operates as a distributed system with multiple brokers. Each broker can be a leader or follower for different partitions. The leader handles reads and writes, while followers replicate data.

Kafka originally relied on Zookeeper to manage broker coordination, metadata, and leader election. Zookeeper tracks which broker is the leader of which partition. However, Zookeeper introduces complexity and is being phased out in newer Kafka versions. Kafka 4.0 no longer has Zookeeper.

On Long Polling

You may ask, how does the consumer get the data the moment it is published to the topic/partition? I encourage you to first think of how could this be implemented.

One approach is push, ie the broker pushes the message to the consumer TCP connection. This approach is real-time, but overwhelms the consumer, as it needs to process the message.

Another approach is polling, ie the consumer every X milliseconds asks the broker, is there anything for me and the broker replies, yes here you go, or no nothing, this approach does allow the consumer to read at its own pace but may introduce severe network chatter, which lead to network bandwidth, it also may causes consumer to miss the real-time message, since the message may have came in to the broker between polls.

The final approach which Kafka went with is long polling which I talked extensively on my backend course. The consumer connects to the broker and sends a normal poll, if there is a message the broker replies back, if there isn’t the broker doesn’t respond with “no”, but instead just wait little bit more (configurable), this increases the chances that messages may arrive during this wait. Once we get a message the broker writes the response. Meanwhile the consumer feels like its poll request just took little longer.

Kafka, Docker and Node Example

We will use docker to install Kafka broker and Zookeeper single mode cluster. Then create a topic called “Users” with two partitions, produce some messages on both partitions and have consumers read from the partitions.

My docker host IP is 192.168.7.179, replace it with your own docker host IP.

You will need to have docker and Node installed to proceed

First we clone the repo and change IP address to your docker host.

```javascript

clone the repo

git clone https://github.com/hnasr/javascript_playground.git

change to the kafka directory

cd javascript_playground/kafka

edit docker-compose.yml, producer.js, topics.js and consumer.js change the 192.168.7.179 with your docker host ip.

cat starthere.txt ```

Spin up Zookeeper and Kafka containers using Docker commands.

```javascript services: zookeeper: image: zookeeper hostname: zookeeper ports: - 2181:2181 volumes: - zookeeper_data:/data - zookeeper_datalog:/datalog

kafka: image: ches/kafka restart: always hostname: localhost ports: - "9092:9092" environment: KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: 192.168.7.179 ZOOKEEPER_IP: 192.168.7.179 KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1 ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER: 1 depends_on: - zookeeper volumes: - kafka_data:/kafka

volumes: zookeeper_data: zookeeper_datalog: kafka_data: ```

javascript docker-compose up

Create a topic called MyUsers with two partitions, we will use kafkajs module to connect to the kafka broker.

```javascript //const Kafka = require("kafkajs").Kafka const {Kafka} = require("kafkajs")

run(); async function run(){ try { const kafka = new Kafka({ "clientId": "myapp", "brokers" :["192.168.7.179:9092"] })

    const admin = kafka.admin();
    console.log("Connecting.....")
    await admin.connect()
    console.log("Connected!")
    //A-M, N-Z
    await admin.createTopics({
        "topics": [{
            "topic" : "MyUsers",
            "numPartitions": 2
        }]
    })
    console.log("Created Successfully!")
    await admin.disconnect();
}
catch(ex)
{
    console.error(`Something bad happened ${ex}`)
}
finally{
    process.exit(0);
}

} ```

javascript node topics.js

Produce some messages with a producer, the messages are user names. I have the messages starting with letters

```javascript //const Kafka = require("kafkajs").Kafka const {Kafka} = require("kafkajs") const msg = process.argv[2]; run(); async function run(){ try { const kafka = new Kafka({ "clientId": "myapp", "brokers" :["192.168.7.179:9092"] })

    const producer = kafka.producer();
    console.log("Connecting.....")
    await producer.connect()
    console.log("Connected!")
    //A-M 0 , N-Z 1 
    const partition = msg[0] < "N" ? 0 : 1;
    const result =  await producer.send({
        "topic": "Users",
        "messages": [
            {
                "value": msg,
                "partition": partition
            }
        ]
    })

    console.log(`Send Successfully! ${JSON.stringify(result)}`)
    await producer.disconnect();
}
catch(ex)
{
    console.error(`Something bad happened ${ex}`)
}
finally{
    process.exit(0);
}

} ```

javascript node producer.js Adam node producer.js Zack

javascript HusseinMac:kafka HusseinNasser$ node producer.js Adam Connecting..... Connected! Send Successfully! [{"topicName":"MyUsers","partition":0,"errorCode":0,"offset":"0","timestamp":"-1"}] HusseinMac:kafka HusseinNasser$ node producer.js Zack Connecting..... Connected! Send Successfully! [{"topicName":"MyUsers","partition":1,"errorCode":0,"offset":"0","timestamp":"-1"}]

Implement a consumer that subscribes to the topic and handles messages with long polling.

Note that I hard coded a consumer group name “test” in the consumer.js file. Running the consumer.js file will create a new consumer on the MyUsers topic and it will be responsible for both partitions. You can note this from the response"memberAssignment”:{“MyUsers”:[0,1]}

javascript HusseinMac:kafka HusseinNasser$ node consumer.js Connecting..... Connected! {"level":"INFO","timestamp":"2025-04-13T14:29:36.102Z","logger":"kafkajs","message":"[Consumer] Starting","groupId":"test"} {"level":"INFO","timestamp":"2025-04-13T14:29:58.411Z","logger":"kafkajs","message":"[Runner] Consumer has joined the group","groupId":"test","memberId":"myapp-901679c6-034c-4efd-bc4d-cb5fc5bc9e6e","leaderId":"myapp-901679c6-034c-4efd-bc4d-cb5fc5bc9e6e","isLeader":true,"memberAssignment":{"MyUsers":[0,1]},"groupProtocol":"RoundRobinAssigner","duration":22307} RVD Msg Adam on partition 0 RVD Msg Zack on partition 1

Now assume we run another consumer, which will also have the same group. Kafka will rebalance the group and assign a partition for each consumer so they parallel process.

Note the memberAssignment property for each consumer.

```javascript HusseinMac:kafka HusseinNasser$ node consumer.js (consumer 1) {"level":"ERROR","timestamp":"2025-04-13T14:31:09.360Z","logger":"kafkajs","message":"[Connection] Response Heartbeat(key: 12, version: 0)","broker":"192.168.7.179:9092","clientId":"myapp","error":"The group is rebalancing, so a rejoin is needed","correlationId":39,"size":6} {"level":"ERROR","timestamp":"2025-04-13T14:31:09.361Z","logger":"kafkajs","message":"[Runner] The group is rebalancing, re-joining","groupId":"test","memberId":"myapp-901679c6-034c-4efd-bc4d-cb5fc5bc9e6e","error":"The group is rebalancing, so a rejoin is needed","retryCount":0,"retryTime":308} {"level":"INFO","timestamp":"2025-04-13T14:31:09.382Z","logger":"kafkajs","message":"[Runner] Consumer has joined the group","groupId":"test","memberId":"myapp-901679c6-034c-4efd-bc4d-cb5fc5bc9e6e","leaderId":"myapp-901679c6-034c-4efd-bc4d-cb5fc5bc9e6e","isLeader":true,"memberAssignment":{"MyUsers":[1]},"groupProtocol":"RoundRobinAssigner","duration":21}

HusseinMac:kafka HusseinNasser$ node consumer.js (consumer 2) Connecting..... Connected! {"level":"INFO","timestamp":"2025-04-13T14:31:07.599Z","logger":"kafkajs","message":"[Consumer] Starting","groupId":"test"} {"level":"INFO","timestamp":"2025-04-13T14:31:09.383Z","logger":"kafkajs","message":"[Runner] Consumer has joined the group","groupId":"test","memberId":"myapp-6c861d03-879d-4b7b-81a1-1e2cd1c15c83","leaderId":"myapp-901679c6-034c-4efd-bc4d-cb5fc5bc9e6e","isLeader":false,"memberAssignment":{"MyUsers":[0]},"groupProtocol":"RoundRobinAssigner","duration":1783} ```

Let us publish one message for each partition and see what happens.

javascript node producer.js Adamy node producer.js Zackery

```javascript (consumer 1) RVD Msg Zackery on partition 1 (consumer 2) RVD Msg Adamy on partition 0

```

What happens if more consumers than partitions are available? As per testing, new consumers won’t get any partitions assigned. But a consumer group rebalance may reassign partitions.

Kafka Pros and Cons

By understanding the architecture and design of Apache Kafka we know the fact it is performs well for writes (producing messages), because of the append-only nature. And having the consumer aware of the position to where to read from makes reads also fast. Kafka scales well with partitioning and handle fault tolerant with the distributed nature.

However, no software is free of limitations, with all these features added to Kafka, complexity is unavoidable. Producers needs to be aware of the partitions which introduces complexity in producing messages. The need for distributed architecture, replication introduces depedancies on an external component (Zookeeper) which adds more complexity and even latency. All of this makes Kafka difficult to install, maintain and manage.

Note that Kafka 4.0 that was release in March 2025 has completely removed Zookeeper in favor of a raft based replication between brokers.

Conclusion

Now that you know the basics of Apache Kafka, you will understand its power and its limitations. That is the most important thing. Anything on top of Kafka uses these fundamentals.

If you enjoyed this article, check out my backend and database courses.

https://stas.layer3.press/articles/c11f511b-29f5-4612-a308-004c44183c7b

@ 21335073:a244b1ad

Someone asked for my thoughts, so I’ll share them thoughtfully. I’m not here to dictate how to promote Nostr—I’m still learning about it myself. While I’m not new to Nostr, freedom tech is a newer space for me. I’m skilled at advocating for topics I deeply understand, but freedom tech isn’t my expertise, so take my words with a grain of salt. Nothing I say is set in stone.

Those who need Nostr the most are the ones most vulnerable to censorship on other platforms right now. Reaching them requires real-time awareness of global issues and the dynamic relationships between governments and tech providers, which can shift suddenly. Effective Nostr promoters must grasp this and adapt quickly.

The best messengers are people from or closely tied to these at-risk regions—those who truly understand the local political and cultural dynamics. They can connect with those in need when tensions rise. Ideal promoters are rational, trustworthy, passionate about Nostr, but above all, dedicated to amplifying people’s voices when it matters most.

Forget influencers, corporate-backed figures, or traditional online PR—it comes off as inauthentic, corny, desperate and forced. Nostr’s promotion should be grassroots and organic, driven by a few passionate individuals who believe in Nostr and the communities they serve.

The idea that “people won’t join Nostr due to lack of reach” is nonsense. Everyone knows X’s “reach” is mostly with bots. If humans want real conversations, Nostr is the place. X is great for propaganda, but Nostr is for the authentic voices of the people.

Those spreading Nostr must be so passionate they’re willing to onboard others, which is time-consuming but rewarding for the right person. They’ll need to make Nostr and onboarding a core part of who they are. I see no issue with that level of dedication. I’ve been known to get that way myself at times. It’s fun for some folks.

With love, I suggest not adding Bitcoin promotion with Nostr outreach. Zaps already integrate that element naturally. (Still promote within the Bitcoin ecosystem, but this is about reaching vulnerable voices who needed Nostr yesterday.)

To promote Nostr, forget conventional strategies. “Influencers” aren’t the answer. “Influencers” are not the future. A trusted local community member has real influence—reach them. Connect with people seeking Nostr’s benefits but lacking the technical language to express it. This means some in the Nostr community might need to step outside of the Bitcoin bubble, which is uncomfortable but necessary. Thank you in advance to those who are willing to do that.

I don’t know who is paid to promote Nostr, if anyone. This piece isn’t shade. But it’s exhausting to see innocent voices globally silenced on corporate platforms like X while Nostr exists. Last night, I wondered: how many more voices must be censored before the Nostr community gets uncomfortable and thinks creatively to reach the vulnerable?

A warning: the global need for censorship-resistant social media is undeniable. If Nostr doesn’t make itself known, something else will fill that void. Let’s start this conversation.

@ c54f9c60:7c34249a

Falling down the Bitcoin rabbit hole is a strange experience. Like many others, I feel like I have learned more in the last couple of years studying Bitcoin than I have during two decades of formal education.

The following lessons are a distillation of what I’ve learned. First published as an article series titled “What I’ve Learned From Bitcoin,” what follows can be seen as a second edition of the original series.

Like Bitcoin, these lessons aren't a static thing. I plan to work on them periodically, releasing updated versions and additional material in the future.

Unlike Bitcoin, future versions of this project do not have to be backward compatible. Some lessons might be extended, others might be reworked or replaced. I hope that a future version will be something you can hold in your hands, but I don’t want to promise anything just yet.

Bitcoin is an inexhaustible teacher, which is why I do not claim that these lessons are all-encompassing or complete. They are a reflection of my personal journey down the rabbit hole. There are many more lessons to be learned, and every person will learn something different from entering the world of Bitcoin.

I hope that you will find these lessons useful and that the process of learning them by reading won’t be as arduous and painful as learning them firsthand.

nostr:npub1dergggklka99wwrs92yz8wdjs952h2ux2ha2ed598ngwu9w7a6fsh9xzpc

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Lemuroid (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, enable notifications, and select a directory for your games (e.g. /Download/ROMs)
3. Download game ROMs and place them in the folder from the previous step (see links below)
4. Open Lemuroid again, navigate to the Home tab, and tap the downloaded game
5. Enjoy!

Some ROM Sources

• WowRoms
• Retrospot

ℹ️ An internet connection is only required when opening a game for the first time to download the emulator core per system (e.g. Gameboy or PS2)

ℹ️ Supported ROM file formats include .nes, .gba, .sfc, .gb, .iso, .bin, and .zip

ℹ️ You may need to extract downloaded ROM files if they are packaged as archives (e.g. .7z, .rar, or .zip)

@ a311301f:4663f8f2

```perl

!/usr/bin/perl

use strict; use warnings; use Term::ReadKey;

STDOUT->autoflush(1);

this version run on Windows and use a pwd.txt file created by

the perl program ; otherwise encoding issue may follow

following sub needs to be used first by uncommenting the main call

sub write_password { print ("Enter Password: ") ; my $password = ; my $file_path = 'pwd.txt'; open(my $fh, '>', $file_path) or die "Cannot open file '$file_path' for writing: $!"; print $fh $password; close($fh); print ("\n"); print "Password written to '$file_path'\n"; }

sub printhex { my $str = shift ; foreach my $char (split //, $str) { printf "%02x ", ord($char); } print "\n"; }

Function to read password from file

sub read_password_from_file { #unecessary #binmode(STDIN, ':crlf'); my $file_path = shift; #unecessary #local $/ = "\r\n" ; # CR, use "\r\n" for CRLF or "\n" for LF open(my $fh, '<', $file_path) or die "Cannot open file '$file_path' for reading: $!"; my $password = <$fh>; close($fh); #printhex ($password) ;
chomp($password); print "'$password'\n" ; #$password =~ s/\r?\n$//; # Remove newline character #$password = substr($password, 2) ; # BOM File starts with FF FE printhex($password ) ; # "\'$password\'\n" ; #$password = "abcde" ;
return $password; }

Main program

sub main { #write_password(); # to uncomment for first use my $correct_password = read_password_from_file("pwd.txt") ; print "Enter password: "; ReadMode('noecho'); # Turn off echo my $entered_password = ReadLine(0); ReadMode('restore'); # Restore echo chomp($entered_password); print "\n";

# Compare entered password with the correct password
if ($entered_password eq $correct_password) {
    print "Access granted!\n";
} else {
    print "Access denied!\n";
    print "'$entered_password' not eq '$correct_password' \n"; 
    printhex ($entered_password); 
    printhex ($correct_password) ; 
    print "The end! \n" ; 
}

}

Call main function

main();

```

@ 35f3a26c:92ddf231

Background

Most people non familiar with Bitcoin thinks that there its has not smart contracts capabilities, and that is incorrect, there are smart contract capabilities, and despite limited in comparison with other blockchain networks, those capabilities are evolving slowly but surely.

The support for smart contracts is done through its scripting language, Script, which allows developers to create complex conditions for transactions.

What can you do with Script? 1. time locks 2. multi-signature requirements 3. other custom logic

opcodes like OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY (CLTV) and OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY (CSV) are used to build more sophisticated smart contracts, these opcodes enable features such as the Lightning Network, a key scaling solution for Bitcoin

back in 2021, the Taproot upgrade introduced Pay-to-Taproot (P2TR), in summary allows for more private and efficient smart contracts, in that soft fork more was added, in addition to Taproot, we got as well Schnorr signatures, which enables multiple signatures to be aggregated into a single signature, improving scalability and privacy and MAST (Merklized Abstract Syntax Trees) which reduces the size of complex smart contracts, making them more efficient, as an added value, this efficiency reduces the cost of transactions.

The Taproot upgrade has laid the foundation for the development of more sophisticated smart contracts on the Bitcoin network, and the use of covenants is an important part of this development.

What is Bitcoin Covenants?

It is a BIP (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal), BIP-347, assigned on April 24, 2024, which marks the first step towards reintroducing functionality removed from Bitcoin by its creator Satoshi Nakamoto in 2010. This proposal aims to bring smart contract functionality to Bitcoin as we see in other EVM networks.

The proposal’s developers authors names are Ethan Heilman and Armin Sabouri, now the community will debate its merits.

Here the link, in case you are curious:

https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0347.mediawiki

It is worth to read the motivation section of the BIP, which reads:

“Bitcoin Tapscript lacks a general purpose way of combining objects on the stack, restricting the expressiveness and power of Tapscript. This prevents, among many other things, the ability to construct and evaluate merkle trees and other hashed data structures in Tapscript. OP_CAT, by adding a general purpose way to concatenate stack values, would overcome this limitation and greatly increase the functionality of Tapscript.

OP_CAT aims to expand the toolbox of the tapscript developer with a simple, modular, and useful opcode in the spirit of Unix. To demonstrate the usefulness of OP_CAT below we provide a non-exhaustive list of some use cases that OP_CAT would enable:

Bitstream, a protocol for the atomic swap (fair exchange) of bitcoins for decryption keys, that enables decentralized file hosting systems paid in Bitcoin. While such swaps are currently possible on Bitcoin without OP_CAT, they require the use of complex and computationally expensive Verifiable Computation cryptographic techniques. OP_CAT would remove this requirement on Verifiable Computation, making such protocols far more practical to build in Bitcoin.

Tree signatures provide a multisignature script whose size can be logarithmic in the number of public keys and can encode spend conditions beyond n-of-m. For instance a transaction less than 1KB in size could support tree signatures with up to 4,294,967,296 public keys. This also enables generalized logical spend conditions.

Post-Quantum Lamport signatures in Bitcoin transactions. Lamport signatures merely require the ability to hash and concatenate values on the stack. [4] It has been proposed that if ECDSA is broken or a powerful computer was on the horizon, there might be an effort to protect ownership of bitcoins by allowing people to mark their taproot outputs as "script-path only" and then move their coins into such outputs with a leaf in the script tree requiring a Lamport signature. It is an open question if a tapscript commitment would preserve the quantum resistance of Lamport signatures. Beyond this question, the use of Lamport Signatures in taproot outputs is unlikely to be quantum resistant even if the script spend-path is made quantum resistant. This is because taproot outputs can also be spent with a key. An attacker with a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could bypass the taproot script spend-path by finding the discrete log of the taproot output and thus spending the output using the key spend-path. The use of "Nothing Up My Sleeve" (NUMS) points as described in BIP-341 to disable the key spend-path does not disable the key spend-path against a quantum attacker as NUMS relies on the hardness of finding discrete logs. We are not aware of any mechanism which could disable the key spend-path in a taproot output without a soft-fork change to taproot.

Non-equivocation contracts in tapscript provide a mechanism to punish equivocation/double spending in Bitcoin payment channels. OP_CAT enables this by enforcing rules on the spending transaction's nonce. The capability is a useful building block for payment channels and other Bitcoin protocols.

Vaults [6] which are a specialized covenant that allows a user to block a malicious party who has compromised the user's secret key from stealing the funds in that output. As shown in OP_CAT is sufficient to build vaults in Bitcoin.

Replicating CheckSigFromStack which would allow the creation of simple covenants and other advanced contracts without having to pre-sign spending transactions, possibly reducing complexity and the amount of data that needs to be stored. Originally shown to work with Schnorr signatures, this result has been extended to ECDSA signatures.

OP_CAT was available in early versions of Bitcoin. In 2010, a single commit disabled OP_CAT, along with another 15 opcodes. Folklore states that OP_CAT was removed in this commit because it enabled the construction of a script whose evaluation could have memory usage exponential in the size of the script. For example, a script that pushed a 1-byte value on the stack and then repeated the opcodes OP_DUP, OP_CAT 40 times would result in a stack element whose size was greater than 1 terabyte assuming no maximum stack element size. As Bitcoin at that time had a maximum stack element size of 5000 bytes, the effect of this expansion was limited to 5000 bytes. This is no longer an issue because tapscript enforces a maximum stack element size of 520 bytes.”

The last update of the BIP was done on Sep. 8 2024 by Ethan Heilman

Controversy

The controversy revolves around two main camps:

1. Those who want to preserve Bitcoin’s network for monetary transactions only, arguing that adding smart contract capabilities could introduce risks and complexity.
2. Others who advocate for expanding Bitcoin’s capabilities to support a wider range of applications, seeing OP_CAT as a step towards enhancing the network’s utility.

Final Thoughts

Bitcoin have done what no other asset have done in history, neither gold, its success is clear, and now, that BlackRock is involved, “miraculously”, corporations and governments are getting on board and Bitcoin is not anymore only for criminals or “rat poison” or “is going to zero”.

But as all tech, improvements are important, if those improvements are done to secure more the network and to make it more robust, there will be little to none controversy, however, when those changes are aiming at adding new shinning features that would change Bitcoin into a network with similar features as Ethereum in terms of contracts that requires attention and debate, few questions come to mind:

1. How will that change affect the security of the network?
2. How that change will affect the blockchain usage?
3. What is the projected impact over the fees per transaction if this change is approved?
4. Will the impact create pressure for the block size increase discussion to come back to the table and with it a second war?

Looking into Ethan Heilman work and contribution to the Bitcoin ecosystem, I am inclined to believe that he has considered most of those questions.

Looking forward to observe the evolution of this proposal.

You liked the article? Make my day brighter!

Like and share!

Last but not least, the following link is an unstoppable domain, it will open a page in which you can perform an anonymous contribution to support my work:

https://rodswallet.unstoppable/

The link didn’t open?

To open the link you need to use a best in class browser that supports web3, two are recommended: Brave Browser and Opera Browser

@ c1831fbe:de4b39bf

What follows is my best effort to recall the details of an arguably supernatural encounter I experienced almost sixty years ago. I've told this story many times before, and while my recollection may not be perfect in every detail, my account is real and substantively factual.

It was early one long ago morning, in that twilit between-time shortly before dawn. As I dangled precariously in a quasi-aware state, hovering on the knife edge between wakefulness and sleep, I was transported in a dream to another place and time. Was it the Mediterranean coast? Perhaps ancient Greece?

In my mind's eye, I found myself climbing a rather steep, rocky hillside overlooking a sparkling bright blue sea. Ahead of me, and slightly higher, was what appeared to be a young shepherd boy, leading me ever higher up the hill.

As we wove our way upward,

skirting rocky outcroppings and zig-zagging because of the steepness of the slope, I heard the boy chanting:

"Ata, Ata, Archontos, Ata, Ata, Echousi, Ata, Ata, Archousi"

He kept repeating the mantra, over and over:

"Ata, Ata, Archontos, Ata, Ata, Echousi, Ata, Ata, Archousi"

\~ \~ \~

"Ata, Ata, Archontos, Ata, Ata, Echousi, Ata, Ata, Archousi"

I listened for a few cycles, and then took up the chant myself. After several attempts, when at last I got it right, the shepherd boy turned, looking back at me and smiling broadly to signal that I had finally mastered the cadence and the words.

Then I awoke.

Because my dream had been so vivid and unusual, I immediately found a pencil and paper to write down the chant phonetically before I could forget it.

A few days passed.

Life was busy. Then I remembered my friend in grad school, studying biblical Greek. That weekend, I went and hung out with him while he worked his night job at the college heating plant. Between his rounds inspecting and managing the steam boilers keeping students from freezing to death in the Arctic Midwest winter, I told him about my strange dream.

Pulling out an exhaustive Greek lexicon, one by one, my knowledgeable friend looked up the words from my dream, interpreting each according to its verb conjugation, tense, and mood.

"Ata, Ata" had no discernible meaning; we soon concluded that it was probably just meaningless vocables, added to give the chant rhythm and substance. My friend moved on to the first recognizable word of the chant...

"Archontos" - "They are ruled."

OK, so far, so good. He checked the next word:

"Echousi" - "They shed blood."

Hmmmm... This chant is beginning to appear to be more than random sounds.

"Archousi" - "They rule."

At this point, I almost fell out of my chair in shock. Far from being a meaningless chant, this cycle—repeating again and again—is the seemingly never-ending story of the entirety of human history...

"They Are Ruled, They Shed Blood, They Rule."

\~ \~ \~

"They Are Ruled, They Shed Blood, They Rule."

This concise mantra perfectly captures the endlessly repeating cycle of oppression, revolt, and revolution that always leaves us with a fresh set of oppressors all too ready to replace the last.

Who will rescue us?

Who will redeem us from this endless tedious cycle into which we have been born?

A long lifetime of study and reflection has persuaded me that this deadly cycle can and ultimately will be broken. If we follow the teachings of Jesus; if we love one another and live together in voluntary, local societies, serving each other; I am persuaded that we can break free of this desperately destructive cycle of endlessly seeking to dominate one another. It's past time for us to enter into a mutually beneficial life in the Kingdom of our Creator-God Jesus, the most authentically benevolent King the universe has ever known.

stories #politics #Christianity #supernatural #strange

@ f33c8a96:5ec6f741

@ 4fa5d1c4:fd6c6e41

Bibel-Selfies

Prompts

Eva, Schlange, Apfel und Adam

A selfie of a woman resembling eve in the time of old testament, blurred body, holding an apple, kneeling in front adam. he has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a huge snake behind her. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with adam and eve, possibly at a place like garden eden. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudha --v 6.0

Tochter des Pharao mit Mose

A selfie of the biblical figure moabite woman with her baby in front of an oasis. She is wearing traditional and has black hair. The background shows water from the desert oasis and grasses around it. In the Background a wicker basket on the water. The photo was taken in the style of a selfie shot with GoPro camera

Simon Petrus

A selfie of a man resembling Simon Petrus, wearing a white robe, surrounded by waves and thunderstorm. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many waves behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus at the dead sea, possibly at a place like the sea. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Zachäus auf dem Baum

A selfie of a man resembling a roman in the time of jesus, wearing a glamorous robe, surrounded by the crown of a tree. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many leaves behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus walking by, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Maria am Ostermorgen

A selfie of a woman resembling maria in the time of jesus, wearing a robe, kneeling in front of stone grave. she has a shocked expression with her mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with the open glowing grave behind her. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus resurrection, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Der verlorene Sohn bei den Schweinen

A young ancient arabic man with short hair in the time of jesus, brown eyes, and a dirty face, covered in mud from working on his pig farm, takes an amateur selfie at dusk. He is surrounded by pig stables, with a barn visible in the background and pigs seen near the front. The photo captures a raw, authentic moment, as he gazes directly into the camera with an expression of excitement or wonder. The image has a realistic style, akin to Unsplash photography, and is meant to be posted on a primitive-themed social network. The resolution of the photo is high, style of selfie with gopro --v 6.0

Vater und Sohn vereint

A selfie of an Arab father in simple garments in the time of jesus, embracing and hugging a young man. The father's face, visible in the foreground, radiates joy and relief. Only the back of the son's head is visible, as he faces away from the camera, returning the embrace in tattered clothing. In the background, a large ancient house and other family members can be seen watching from a distance, blurred. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens using a GoPro, enhancing the dramatic and overwhelming effect of the scene --v 6.0

Bartimäus

A selfie of a man resembling blind bartimaeus in the time of jesus, black and brown and white bandages on his head over his eyes and face, wearing a robe, kneeling in front of a market place. he has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes still covered with black and brown and white bandages on his head, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many sand behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus healing the blind, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudha --v 6.0

Daniel in der Löwengrube

A selfie of a man resembling Jesus, wearing a beige hoodie, surrounded by lions and cheetahs. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many lions behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a lion's den, possibly at a place like the Grand Tabahar. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary

David und Goliath

selfie of a the boy and shepherd david holding his slingshot resembling a fight with the giant goliath in the time of old testament, wearing a glamorous sligshot focusing on his giant opponent. David has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a desert surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of the scene of David fighting with the giant goliath with his slingshot, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Simson im Philistertempel

A selfie of a man resembling simson in the time of old testament, wearing a glamorous beard and long hair, surrounded by thousands of ancient fighters. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a temple surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus walking by, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Jona und der Wal

A selfie of a man resembling israeli jona in the time of old testament,`wearing a glamorous beard and long hair, inside the body of a whale. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with the ocean surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene in the bible. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary

Jakob und Isaak

A selfie of a young man resembling an ancient Arabic in clothes made of skins of goats and furs of the goats, looking overwhelmed and distressed as he betrays his father, who blesses him. The scene shows a dawn sky with hints of the sunrise, evoking a surreal and dramatic atmosphere. The scene is set in ancient Jerusalem, with stone buildings. in the background an old man with a gesture of blessing, rising his hands to the sky, The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, blending surrealism with humor. The style is reminiscent of a GoPro selfie, capturing the intense moment with a sense of both fear and surprise

Petrus und der Hahn

A selfie of a man resembling ancient young arabic man saint in traditional biblical attire, being eaten by a whale,. he has a shocked expression with his mouth pressed and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with one rooster crowing out loud behind the man. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with peter and the rooster, possibly at a place in jerusalem . The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, go pro selfie, morning dawn near sunrise setting

Josef im Brunnen

A selfie of an ancient israelian man with a magical dreamcoat clothing in a deep well, looking at the camera from above, captured in the style of a go pro selfie stick

Elia und die Raben

A close-up selfie of a bearded man (Elijah) in biblical clothing, smiling gratefully. He is standing near a stream in a secluded, rocky area. Several black ravens are perched on his shoulders and arms, holding pieces of bread and meat in their beaks. The scene has a warm, golden light, symbolizing God's provision. Photorealistic style, high detail.

Absalom im Baum

A selfie of a man resembling of a young man (Absalom) with long hair knotted arount the branches of a large oak tree.. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with all of his hairs knotted around the tree. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene of a robin hood movie in the forest . The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor

Ruth und Boas im Weizenfeld

A selfie of a young woman resembling Ruth, with a radiant smile and sun-kissed skin. She's standing in a golden wheat field at sunset, her arms filled with freshly gathered sheaves of wheat. Her hair is partially covered with a simple headscarf, with loose strands blowing in the wind. She has a look of joy and gratitude in her eyes. The scene appears idyllic, with wheat stalks seeming to embrace her. In the background, a distinguished older man (Boaz) can be seen watching from a distance, his expression a mix of curiosity and admiration. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, capturing the vastness of the field, the warmth of the setting sun, and Boaz in the distance. The setting is reminiscent of a biblical harvest scene. The style of the photo blends realism with a touch of romantic nostalgia.

"Bibel-Selfies" von Jörg Lohrer Lizenz: CC0 1.0 .

`

@ 8f69ac99:4f92f5fd

Há algo quase reconfortante na previsibilidade com que certos colunistas abordam Bitcoin: a cada oportunidade, repetem os mesmos chavões, reciclados com indignação moralista e embrulhados numa embalagem de falsa autoridade. O artigo publicado na Visão, com o título dramático "De criança prodígio a adolescente problemático", encaixa-se perfeitamente nesse molde.

Trata-se de uma peça de opinião que mistura factos irrelevantes com interpretações enviesadas, estatísticas sem contexto e um medo mal disfarçado de perder o monopólio da narrativa económica. A autora, Sofia Santos Machado, opta por colar em Bitcoin os desastres do chamado “mundo cripto” como se fossem parte do mesmo fenómeno — ignorando, por conveniência ou ignorância, que Bitcoin não é altcoins, não é NFTs, não é esquemas de yield exótico, e não é fintech vestida de blockchain.

Esta resposta centra-se exclusivamente em Bitcoin — um protocolo monetário aberto, incorruptível e resistente à censura, que já está a servir como salvaguarda de valor em regiões onde o sistema financeiro convencional falhou. Não me interessa defender pirâmides, tokens inflacionários ou aventuras bancárias mal calculadas.

Criticar Bitcoin é legítimo — mas fazê-lo sem saber do que se fala é apenas desinformação.

A Histeria da Água — Falar Sem Saber

O artigo abre com uma pérola alarmista sobre o consumo de água:

“Uma única transacção de bitcoin consome seis milhões de vezes mais água do que um pagamento com cartão.”

Seis. Milhões. De vezes. Resta saber se a autora escreveu isto com cara séria ou a rir-se enquanto bebia água engarrafada dos Alpes Suíços.

Fontes? Metodologia? Contexto? Estou a brincar — isto é a Visão, onde os números são decoração e os factos opcionais.

Claro que comparar transacções na camada base de Bitcoin com pagamentos "instantâneos" da rede Visa é tão rigoroso como comparar um Boeing 747 com um avião de papel porque um voa mais longe. Um artigo sério teria falado em batching, na Lightning Network, ou no facto de que Bitcoin nem sequer compete com a Visa nesse nível, nem em nenhum. Mas isso exigiria, imagine-se, investigação.

Pior ainda, não há qualquer menção ao consumo de água na extracção de ouro, nos data centers bancários, ou no treino de modelos de inteligência artificial. Pelos vistos, só Bitcoin tem de obedecer aos mandamentos ecológicos da Visão. O resto? Santa ignorância selectiva.

Criminosos e o Fantasma do Satoshi

Eis o clássico: “Bitcoin é usado por criminosos”. Um cliché bafiento tirado do baú de 2013, agora reapresentado como se fosse escândalo fresco.

Na realidade, Bitcoin é pseudónimo, não anónimo. Todas as transacções ficam gravadas num livro público — não é propriamente o esconderijo ideal para lavar dinheiro, a menos que sejas fã de disfarces em néon.

E os dados? Claríssimos. Segundo a Chainalysis e a Europol, a actividade ilícita com Bitcoin tem vindo a diminuir. Enquanto isso, os bancos — esses bastiões de confiança — continuam a ser apanhados a lavar biliões para cartéis e cleptocratas. Mas disso a Visão não fala. Devia estragar a narrativa.

O verdadeiro crime aqui é a preguiça intelectual tão profunda que quase merece uma moldura. A Visão tem um editor?

O Espantalho Energético

Como uma criança que acabou de aprender uma palavra nova, a Visão repete “consumo energético” como se fosse um pecado original. Bitcoin usa electricidade — escândalo!

Mas vejamos: o Proof-of-Work não é um defeito. É a razão pela qual Bitcoin é seguro. Não há “desperdício” — há uso, e muitas vezes com energia excedente, renovável, ou que de outro modo seria desperdiçada. É por isso que os mineiros se instalam junto a barragens remotas, queima de gás (flaring), ou parques eólicos no meio do nada — não porque odeiam o planeta, mas porque os incentivos económicos funcionam. Escrevi sobre isso aqui.

O que a Visão convenientemente ignora é que Bitcoin está a ajudar a integrar mais energia renovável nas redes, funcionando como carga flexível. Mas nuance? Trabalho de casa? Esquece lá isso.

Para uma explicação mais séria, podiam ter ouvido o podcast A Seita Bitcoin com o Daniel Batten. Mas para quê investigar?

Cripto = Bitcoin = Fraude?

Aqui chegamos ao buraco negro intelectual: enfiar tudo no mesmo saco. FTX colapsou? Culpa de Bitcoin. Um banqueiro jogou com altcoins? Culpa de Bitcoin. Scam de NFT? Deve ter sido o Satoshi.

Vamos esclarecer: Bitcoin não é “cripto”. Bitcoin é descentralizado, sem líderes, transparente. Não teve pré-mineração, não tem CEO, não promete lucros. O que o rodeia? Tokens centralizados, esquemas Ponzi, pirâmides e vaporware — precisamente o oposto do que Bitcoin representa.

Se um executivo bancário perde o dinheiro dos clientes em Dogecoins, isso é um problema dele. Bitcoin não lhe prometeu nada. Foi a ganância.

E convenhamos: os bancos tradicionais também colapsam. E não precisam de satoshis para isso. Bastam dívidas mal geridas, contabilidade criativa e uma fé cega no sistema.

Culpar Bitcoin por falcatruas “cripto” é como culpar o TCP/IP ou SMTP por emails de phishing. É preguiçoso, desonesto e diz-nos mais sobre a autora do que sobre a tecnologia.

Promessas Por Cumprir? Só Se Não Estiveres a Ver

A "jornalista" da Visão lamenta que “após 15 anos, os riscos são reais mas as promessas por cumprir”. Que promessas? Dinheiro grátis? Cafés pagos com QR codes mágicos?

Bitcoin nunca prometeu fazer cappuccinos mais rápidos. Prometeu soberania monetária, resistência à censura e um sistema previsível. E tem cumprido — diariamente, para milhões. E para o cappuccino, há sempre a Lightning Network.

Pergunta aos venezuelanos, nigerianos, peruanos ou argentinos se Bitcoin falhou. Para muitos, é a única forma de escapar à hiperinflação, ao confisco estatal e à decadência financeira.

Bitcoin não é uma app. É infra-estrutura. É uma nova camada base para o dinheiro global. Não se vê — mas protege, impõe regras e não obedece a caprichos de banqueiros centrais.

E isso assusta. Especialmente quem nunca viveu fora da bolha do euro.

Conclusão: A Visão a Gritar Contra o Progresso

No fim, o artigo da Visão é um festival de clichés, dados errados e ressentimento. Não é só enganador. É desonesto. Culpa a tecnologia pelos erros dos homens. Rejeita o futuro em nome do conforto passado.

Bitcoin não é uma varinha mágica. Mas é a fundação de uma nova liberdade financeira. Uma ferramenta para proteger valor, resistir a abusos e escapar ao controlo constante de quem acha que sabe o que é melhor para ti.

Portanto, fica aqui o desafio, Sofia: se queres criticar Bitcoin, primeiro percebe o que é. Lê o white paper. Estuda. Faz perguntas difíceis.

Caso contrário, és só mais um cão a ladrar para a trovoada — muito barulho, zero impacto.

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

Instruções:

1. Leia cada pergunta cuidadosamente.
2. Escolha a opção (A, B, C ou D) que melhor descreve você na maioria das situações. Seja o mais honesto possível.
3. Anote a letra correspondente à sua escolha para cada pergunta.
4. No final, some quantas vezes você escolheu cada letra (A, B, C, D).
5. Veja a seção de resultados para interpretar sua pontuação.

---

Teste de Temperamento

1. Em um evento social (festa, reunião), como você geralmente se comporta? A) Sou o centro das atenções, converso com todos, faço piadas e animo o ambiente. B) Tomo a iniciativa, organizo atividades ou discussões, e gosto de liderar conversas. C) Prefiro observar, conversar em grupos menores ou com pessoas que já conheço bem, e analiso o ambiente. D) Sou tranquilo, ouvinte, evito chamar atenção e me adapto ao ritmo do grupo.

2. Ao enfrentar um novo projeto ou tarefa desafiadora no trabalho ou estudo: A) Fico entusiasmado com a novidade, tenho muitas ideias iniciais, mas posso me distrair facilmente. B) Defino metas claras, crio um plano de ação rápido e foco em alcançar resultados eficientemente. C) Analiso todos os detalhes, planejo meticulosamente, prevejo possíveis problemas e busco a perfeição. D) Abordo com calma, trabalho de forma constante e organizada, e prefiro um ambiente sem pressão.

3. Como você geralmente reage a críticas? A) Tento levar na esportiva, talvez faça uma piada, mas posso me magoar momentaneamente e logo esqueço. B) Defendo meu ponto de vista vigorosamente, posso ficar irritado se sentir injustiça, mas foco em corrigir o problema. C) Levo muito a sério, analiso profundamente, posso me sentir magoado por um tempo e repenso minhas ações. D) Escuto com calma, considero a crítica objetivamente e tento não levar para o lado pessoal, buscando a paz.

4. Qual seu estilo de tomada de decisão? A) Sou impulsivo, decido rapidamente com base no entusiasmo do momento, às vezes me arrependo depois. B) Sou decidido e rápido, foco no objetivo final, às vezes sem considerar todos os detalhes ou sentimentos alheios. C) Sou ponderado, analiso todas as opções e consequências, demoro para decidir buscando a melhor escolha. D) Sou cauteloso, prefiro evitar decisões difíceis, busco consenso ou adio se possível.

5. Como você lida com rotina e repetição? A) Acho entediante rapidamente, preciso de variedade e novidade constante para me manter engajado. B) Tolero se for necessário para atingir um objetivo, mas prefiro desafios e mudanças que eu controlo. C) Aprecio a ordem e a previsibilidade, me sinto confortável com rotinas bem estabelecidas. D) Adapto-me bem à rotina, acho confortável e seguro, não gosto de mudanças bruscas.

6. Em uma discussão ou conflito: A) Tento aliviar a tensão com humor, expresso meus sentimentos abertamente, mas não guardo rancor. B) Sou direto e assertivo, defendo minha posição com firmeza, posso parecer confrontador. C) Evito confronto direto, mas fico remoendo o problema, analiso os argumentos e posso guardar ressentimento. D) Busco a conciliação, tento entender todos os lados, sou diplomático e evito o conflito a todo custo.

7. Como você expressa seus sentimentos (alegria, tristeza, raiva)? A) Expresso de forma aberta, intensa e visível, minhas emoções mudam rapidamente. B) Expresso de forma direta e forte, principalmente a raiva ou a determinação, controlo emoções "fracas". C) Tendo a internalizar, minhas emoções são profundas e duradouras, posso parecer reservado. D) Sou contido na expressão emocional, mantenho a calma externamente, mesmo que sinta algo internamente.

8. Qual seu nível de energia habitual? A) Alto, sou muito ativo, falante e entusiasmado, gosto de estar em movimento. B) Muito alto e direcionado, tenho muita energia para perseguir meus objetivos e liderar. C) Variável, posso ter picos de energia para projetos que me interessam, mas também preciso de tempo quieto para recarregar. D) Moderado e constante, sou calmo, tranquilo, prefiro atividades menos agitadas.

9. Como você organiza seu espaço de trabalho ou sua casa? A) Pode ser um pouco caótico e desorganizado, com muitas coisas interessantes espalhadas. B) Organizado de forma funcional para máxima eficiência, focado no essencial para as tarefas. C) Extremamente organizado, metódico, cada coisa em seu lugar, prezo pela ordem e estética. D) Confortável e prático, não necessariamente impecável, mas funcional e sem excessos.

10. O que mais te motiva? A) Reconhecimento social, diversão, novas experiências e interações. B) Poder, controle, desafios, alcançar metas ambiciosas e resultados concretos. C) Qualidade, significado, fazer as coisas da maneira certa, compreensão profunda. D) Paz, estabilidade, harmonia nos relacionamentos, evitar estresse e pressão.

11. Como você reage a imprevistos ou mudanças de plano? A) Adapto-me rapidamente, às vezes até gosto da novidade, embora possa atrapalhar meus planos iniciais. B) Fico irritado com a perda de controle, mas rapidamente busco uma solução alternativa para manter o objetivo. C) Sinto-me desconfortável e ansioso, preciso de tempo para reavaliar e replanejar cuidadosamente. D) Aceito com calma, sou flexível e me ajusto sem muito alarde, desde que não gere conflito.

12. Qual o seu maior medo (em termos gerais)? A) Ser rejeitado, ignorado ou ficar entediado. B) Perder o controle, parecer fraco ou incompetente. C) Cometer erros graves, ser inadequado ou imperfeito. D) Conflitos, pressão, tomar decisões erradas que afetem a estabilidade.

13. Como você costuma passar seu tempo livre? A) Socializando, saindo com amigos, buscando atividades novas e divertidas. B) Engajado em atividades produtivas, esportes competitivos, planejando próximos passos. C) Lendo, estudando, refletindo, dedicando-me a hobbies que exigem atenção e cuidado. D) Relaxando em casa, assistindo filmes, lendo tranquilamente, passando tempo com a família de forma calma.

14. Ao trabalhar em equipe: A) Sou o animador, trago ideias, conecto as pessoas, mas posso ter dificuldade em focar nos detalhes. B) Assumo a liderança naturalmente, delego tarefas, foco nos resultados e mantenho todos na linha. C) Sou o planejador e o crítico construtivo, atento aos detalhes, garanto a qualidade, mas posso ser muito exigente. D) Sou o pacificador e o colaborador, ajudo a manter a harmonia, realizo minhas tarefas de forma confiável.

15. Como você lida com prazos? A) Muitas vezes deixo para a última hora, trabalho melhor sob a pressão do prazo final, mas posso me atrapalhar. B) Gosto de terminar bem antes do prazo, vejo o prazo como um desafio a ser superado rapidamente. C) Planejo o tempo cuidadosamente para cumprir o prazo com qualidade, fico ansioso se o tempo fica curto. D) Trabalho em ritmo constante para cumprir o prazo sem estresse, não gosto de correria.

16. Qual destas frases mais te descreve? A) "A vida é uma festa!" B) "Se quer algo bem feito, faça você mesmo (ou mande fazer do seu jeito)." C) "Tudo tem um propósito e um lugar certo." D) "Devagar se vai ao longe."

17. Em relação a regras e procedimentos: A) Gosto de flexibilidade, às vezes acho as regras limitantes e tento contorná-las. B) Uso as regras a meu favor para atingir objetivos, mas não hesito em quebrá-las se necessário e se eu puder controlar as consequências. C) Sigo as regras rigorosamente, acredito que elas garantem ordem e qualidade. D) Respeito as regras para evitar problemas, prefiro seguir o fluxo estabelecido.

18. Como você reage quando alguém está emocionalmente abalado? A) Tento animar a pessoa, conto piadas, ofereço distração e companhia. B) Ofereço soluções práticas para o problema, foco em resolver a situação que causou o abalo. C) Escuto com empatia, ofereço apoio profundo e tento compreender a dor da pessoa. D) Mantenho a calma, ofereço um ouvido atento e um ombro amigo, sem me deixar abalar muito.

19. Que tipo de filme ou livro você prefere? A) Comédias, aventuras, romances leves, algo que me divirta e me mantenha entretido. B) Ação, suspense, biografias de líderes, estratégias, algo que me desafie ou inspire poder. C) Dramas profundos, documentários, mistérios complexos, ficção científica filosófica, algo que me faça pensar e sentir. D) Histórias tranquilas, dramas familiares, romances amenos, natureza, algo que me relaxe e traga conforto.

20. O que é mais importante para você em um relacionamento (amizade, amoroso)? A) Diversão, cumplicidade, comunicação aberta e espontaneidade. B) Lealdade, objetivos em comum, apoio mútuo nas ambições. C) Compreensão profunda, fidelidade, apoio emocional e intelectual. D) Harmonia, estabilidade, aceitação mútua e tranquilidade.

21. Se você ganhasse na loteria, qual seria sua primeira reação/ação? A) Faria uma grande festa, viajaria pelo mundo, compraria presentes para todos! B) Investiria estrategicamente, planejaria como multiplicar o dinheiro, garantiria o controle financeiro. C) Pesquisaria as melhores opções de investimento, faria um plano detalhado de longo prazo, doaria para causas significativas. D) Guardaria a maior parte em segurança, faria algumas melhorias práticas na vida, evitaria mudanças drásticas.

22. Como você se sente em relação a riscos? A) Gosto de arriscar se a recompensa parecer divertida ou excitante, sou otimista. B) Calculo os riscos e assumo-os se acreditar que a recompensa vale a pena e que posso controlar a situação. C) Evito riscos desnecessários, prefiro a segurança e a previsibilidade, analiso tudo antes de agir. D) Desgosto de riscos, prefiro caminhos seguros e comprovados, a estabilidade é mais importante.

23. Sua memória tende a focar mais em: A) Momentos divertidos, pessoas interessantes, experiências marcantes (embora possa esquecer detalhes). B) Sucessos, fracassos (para aprender), injustiças cometidas contra você, quem te ajudou ou atrapalhou. C) Detalhes precisos, conversas significativas, erros cometidos (por você ou outros), sentimentos profundos. D) Fatos objetivos, rotinas, informações práticas, geralmente de forma neutra.

24. Quando aprende algo novo, você prefere: A) Experimentar na prática imediatamente, aprender fazendo, mesmo que cometa erros. B) Entender o objetivo e a aplicação prática rapidamente, focar no essencial para usar o conhecimento. C) Estudar a fundo a teoria, entender todos os porquês, buscar fontes confiáveis e dominar o assunto. D) Aprender em um ritmo calmo, com instruções claras e passo a passo, sem pressão.

25. Se descreva em uma palavra (escolha a que mais se aproxima): A) Entusiasmado(a) B) Determinado(a) C) Criterioso(a) D) Pacífico(a)

26. Como você lida com o silêncio em uma conversa? A) Sinto-me desconfortável e tento preenchê-lo rapidamente com qualquer assunto. B) Uso o silêncio estrategicamente ou o interrompo para direcionar a conversa. C) Posso apreciar o silêncio para refletir, ou me sentir um pouco ansioso dependendo do contexto. D) Sinto-me confortável com o silêncio, não sinto necessidade de preenchê-lo.

27. O que te deixa mais frustrado(a)? A) Tédio, falta de reconhecimento, ser ignorado. B) Incompetência alheia, falta de controle, obstáculos aos seus planos. C) Desorganização, falta de qualidade, injustiça, superficialidade. D) Conflitos interpessoais, pressão excessiva, desordem emocional.

28. Qual a sua relação com o passado, presente e futuro? A) Foco no presente e nas oportunidades imediatas, otimista em relação ao futuro, esqueço o passado facilmente. B) Foco no futuro (metas) e no presente (ações para alcançá-las), aprendo com o passado mas não me prendo a ele. C) Reflito muito sobre o passado (aprendizados, erros), analiso o presente e planejo o futuro com cautela, às vezes com preocupação. D) Vivo o presente de forma tranquila, valorizo a estabilidade e a continuidade do passado, vejo o futuro com serenidade.

29. Se você tivesse que organizar um evento, qual seria seu papel principal? A) Relações públicas, divulgação, animação, garantir que todos se divirtam. B) Coordenação geral, definição de metas, delegação de tarefas, garantir que tudo aconteça conforme o planejado (por você). C) Planejamento detalhado, logística, controle de qualidade, garantir que nada dê errado. D) Suporte, resolução de problemas de forma calma, garantir um ambiente harmonioso.

30. Qual ambiente de trabalho te agrada mais? A) Dinâmico, social, com muita interação, flexibilidade e novidades. B) Competitivo, desafiador, focado em resultados, onde eu possa liderar ou ter autonomia. C) Estruturado, quieto, onde eu possa me concentrar, com padrões claros de qualidade e tempo para análise. D) Estável, cooperativo, sem pressão, com relacionamentos harmoniosos e tarefas previsíveis.

---

Calculando seus Resultados:

Agora, conte quantas vezes você escolheu cada letra:

• Total de A: ______
• Total de B: ______
• Total de C: ______
• Total de D: ______

A letra (ou as letras) com a maior pontuação indica(m) seu(s) temperamento(s) dominante(s).

---

Interpretação dos Resultados:

• Se sua maior pontuação foi A: Temperamento SANGUÍNEO Dominante

  • Características: Você é extrovertido, otimista, sociável, comunicativo, entusiasmado e adora novidades. Gosta de ser o centro das atenções, faz amigos facilmente e contagia os outros com sua energia. É criativo e espontâneo.
  • Pontos Fortes: Carismático, inspirador, adaptável, bom em iniciar relacionamentos e projetos, perdoa facilmente.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser indisciplinado, desorganizado, impulsivo, superficial, ter dificuldade em focar e terminar tarefas, e ser muito dependente de aprovação externa.

• Se sua maior pontuação foi B: Temperamento COLÉRICO Dominante

  • Características: Você é enérgico, decidido, líder nato, orientado para metas e resultados. É ambicioso, assertivo, direto e não tem medo de desafios ou confrontos. Gosta de estar no controle e é muito prático.
  • Pontos Fortes: Determinado, eficiente, líder natural, bom em tomar decisões e resolver problemas, autoconfiante.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser impaciente, dominador, teimoso, insensível aos sentimentos alheios, propenso à raiva e a "atropelar" os outros para atingir seus objetivos.

• Se sua maior pontuação foi C: Temperamento MELANCÓLICO Dominante

  • Características: Você é introvertido, analítico, sensível, perfeccionista e profundo. É leal, dedicado, aprecia a beleza e a ordem. Tende a ser pensativo, criterioso e busca significado em tudo. Leva as coisas a sério.
  • Pontos Fortes: Detalhista, organizado, criativo (em profundidade), leal, empático, comprometido com a qualidade e a justiça.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser pessimista, excessivamente crítico (consigo e com os outros), indeciso (pela análise excessiva), guardar ressentimentos, ser propenso à tristeza e ao isolamento.

• Se sua maior pontuação foi D: Temperamento FLEUMÁTICO Dominante

  • Características: Você é calmo, tranquilo, equilibrado e diplomático. É observador, paciente, confiável e fácil de conviver. Evita conflitos, busca harmonia e estabilidade. É um bom ouvinte e trabalha bem sob rotina.
  • Pontos Fortes: Pacífico, estável, confiável, bom ouvinte, diplomático, eficiente em tarefas rotineiras, mantém a calma sob pressão.
  • Desafios Potenciais: Pode ser indeciso, procrastinador, resistente a mudanças, parecer apático ou sem entusiasmo, ter dificuldade em se impor e expressar suas próprias necessidades.

Combinações de Temperamentos:

É muito comum ter pontuações altas em duas letras. Isso indica uma combinação de temperamentos. Por exemplo:

• Sanguíneo-Colérico: Extrovertido, enérgico, líder carismático, mas pode ser impulsivo e dominador.
• Sanguíneo-Fleumático: Sociável e agradável, mas pode ter dificuldade com disciplina e iniciativa.
• Colérico-Melancólico: Líder focado e detalhista, muito capaz, mas pode ser excessivamente crítico e exigente.
• Melancólico-Fleumático: Quieto, confiável, analítico, mas pode ser indeciso e resistente a riscos.

Importante: Este teste é uma ferramenta de autoconhecimento. Ninguém se encaixa perfeitamente em uma única caixa. Use os resultados para entender melhor suas tendências naturais, seus pontos fortes e as áreas onde você pode buscar equilíbrio e desenvolvimento.

@ 5edbd885:5fbc291e

Because Bitcoin operates outside traditional financial and political systems, engaging with it can create cognitive dissonance.

This uneasy tension is felt in the space between a lifetime of systemic conditioning and the reality of a protocol that functions beyond anything we have ever known.

Bitcoin challenges deeply ingrained assumptions about what money is, who should control it, and how trust is established in society. 

Many initially reject it because Bitcoin breaks the mental models we’ve relied on for understanding value, authority, and trust. 

It’s not just adopting a new system; it’s detaching from the old one and any -ism we may personally identify with.

Before we dive in I would like to make an important note about our current system.

Modern Fiat is Not Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system in which private individuals or businesses own and control the means of production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services, rather than the state.

The main features of this system are limited government intervention, a free market economy, and competition.

While we may believe we live in a capitalistic society, reality is very different:

• Governments Intervention: Governments intervene in free markets primarily through monetary expansion (money printing) and capital controls.

• Inflation and Redistribution: Printing increases the money supply, causing inflation that erodes purchasing power unevenly. Those who receive new money first gain at the expense of later recipients. Capital controls restrict market flows, distorting asset and currency prices.

• Cantillon Effect and Concentration: These mechanisms concentrate wealth and economic power among government insiders and favored corporations, who gain preferential access to resources. This leads to growing government influence and corporate monopolies.

• Systemic Distortions: Such interventions stifle innovation, reduce market competition, and undermine price signals essential to free market functioning.

• Therefore: Our modern fiat monetary system is not free market capitalism.

To quote Jeff Booth, from first principles:

> “In a free market, prices fall to the marginal cost of production; if they are not falling, we do not live in a free market. Communism and capitalism are the same system under manipulated money.”

Bitcoin is the first opportunity for humanity to experience a true free market where prices fall—a reality beyond fiat altogether.

Let’s explore how Bitcoin differs from fiat-based systems and economic theories.

Bitcoin vs. Major -isms

| Feature | Capitalism | Communism | Libertarianism | Bitcoin | | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- | | Ownership Model | Private, profit-driven | Collective, state-owned | Private, voluntary exchange | Individual, self-sovereign | | Control of Money | Central banks & private institutions | State-controlled | Privatized or gold-backed | Decentralized, algorithmic issuance | | Value Flow | Favors asset owners | Centralized and controlled redistribution | Market-driven | Distributed to all network participants | | Ideological Basis | Market efficiency, competition | Class struggle, equality | Individual freedom, non-intervention | Neutral protocol, transparency, free market | | Governance Structure | Market and government interplay | Centralized planning | Minimal state | Consensus among decentralized nodes | | Inflation Policy | Targeted via central banking | Controlled by state | Opposed to fiat inflation | Hard-capped supply: 21 million BTC | | Censorship Resistance | Low to moderate (depends on regime) | Low | Medium, still requires trust | Very high—no central chokepoint | | Accessibility | Varies by class and location | Controlled by state allocation | Varies by market access | Global, permissionless | | Moral Foundation | Efficiency and growth | Equity and solidarity | Autonomy and property rights | Mathematical integrity, sovereignty, transparency |

Bitcoin is not an -ism or a fiat system.

I don't see it as a way to make more fiat paper money either.

It’s a system outside the system that breaks all of our previous mental models.

A truly interdependent reality where the creativity, productivity, gifts, talents, and abilities of one serves all.

Sovereign individuals in service of the collective and vice-versa.

The Difficulty Categorizing Free Thinkers

In different conversations, and while discussing Bitcoin with non-Bitcoiners, I’ve been asked if I am an anarchist, capitalist, communist, liberal, or a libertarian.

Since I don’t identify with any political leaning or traditional ideology, I was sincerely confused when this first started happening—but now I see why.

Bitcoiners are notoriously difficult to place into political categories because their convictions often cut across traditional ideological boundaries.

To the outside observer, this can appear contradictory: a Bitcoiner might criticize the Federal Reserve like a libertarian, value personal personal sovereignty like an anarchist, and believe in sound money like a gold-standard capitalist. 

These labels, however, fail to capture the deeper thread—I believe our views are aligned with a protocol in service of humanity, and shaped by a shared belief in a system that values humans rather than fiat-based incentives.

Bitcoin challenges the default left/right binary and exposes just how much our frameworks are built around centralized systems, division, and control.

When those systems are removed—as they are in Bitcoin—any traditional world view falls apart, along with all the labels and polarization that come with it. 

To some, this may be why Bitcoiners seem ‘radical’ or ‘religious,’ because we have stepped outside their frame of reality entirely.

This protocol is not a revolution in the name of an ideology—it’s a revolution in the absence of one known to modern history.

Unlearning the Past, Embracing the Now

What makes Bitcoin truly disruptive isn’t just its technology—it invites us to question assumptions we didn’t even know we were making.

I still catch myself trying to compare Bitcoin to a "known" sometimes in this ongoing process of unlearning.

I think part of this evolution is catching myself and remembering, we are at the forefront of a new reality.

Our individual choices and actions are shaping what the post-fiat world will look like.

While for some, this will feel empowering and exciting, for others, this shift can feel unsettling, even threatening, as it calls into question the stability of the familiar.

This is one of the reasons why I see Bitcoin as being the initiator of an individual and collective spiritual awakening.

I can only encourage you to embrace the change—be the change—a powerful manifestor ushering in a new paradigm ✨

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

Joha est une marque danoise qui crée des vêtements en laine mérinos, coton biologique, viscose de bambou biologique et soie pour les bébés, les enfants et les femmes.

Matières naturelles utilisées dans les produits

• Coton (biologique)
• Laine (mérinos)
• Soie
• Cellulose régénérée (cupra, lyocell, modal, rayonne, viscose) (bambou biologique)

⚠️ Attention, certains produits de cette marque contiennent des matières non naturelles, dont : - Elasthanne, lycra, spandex - Polyamides, nylon

Catégories de produits proposés

Cette marque propose des produits intégralement en matière naturelle dans les catégories suivantes :

Vêtements

• Tailles vêtements: bébés, enfants, femmes
• Sous-vêtements: culottes
• Une pièce:
• Hauts: débardeurs, t-shirts
• Bas: pantalons, leggings
• Tête et mains: bonnets, cagoules, moufles
• Nuit: pyjamas

Chaussures

• Tailles chaussures: chaussures bébé
• Chaussons: botillons

Autres informations

• Certification Oeko-Tex Standard 100
• Certification Woolmark
• Déclaration de laine de mouton sans mulesing et de bien-être animal (Südwolle group GmbH)

👉 En savoir plus sur le site de la marque

Où trouver leurs produits ?

• Luna & Curious (en anglais, zone de livraison : RU et international)
• Niddle Noddle (en anglais, zone de livraison : RU et international)
• Chlidren Salon (en anglais, zone de livraison : RU et international)
• Lieblings Paris

---

Cet article est publié sur origine-nature.com 🌐 See this article in English

📝 Tu peux contribuer à cette fiche en suggérant une modification en commentaire.

🗣️ Tu utilises les produits de cette marque ? Partage ton avis en commentaire.

⚡ Heureu-x-se de trouver cette information ? Soutiens le projet en faisant un don, pour remercier les contribut-eur-ice-s.

@ a4043831:3b64ac02

Money is emotional. It’s not just numbers on a spreadsheet. It’s about peace of mind. Vacations. College. Retirement. And sometimes… It's about stress. Even the smartest families make money mistakes. Not because they don’t care. But because life is busy. Financial planning can feel overwhelming. And it’s easy to put it off until “later.” But the truth is: later turns into never.

Here are five common money missteps families make—and how to avoid them, starting today.

1. Spending Without a Plan

You’re out running errands. You grab a latte. Order takeout. Buy a couple things online. Nothing big. But by the end of the week? The bank account’s hurting. Sound familiar?

Many families spend without a clear plan. They don’t know exactly how much they earn, where their money is going, or what’s left for savings. It’s a recipe for stress.

How to avoid it: Start simple. Track your income. List your expenses. Identify where you can cut back. Use a budgeting app or just a notebook. The key is consistency. Build awareness around spending.

Working with a financial advisor makes this even easier. Passive Capital Management helps families create realistic, stress-free budgets that actually work.

2. Delaying Retirement Savings

Let’s be honest—retirement feels far away. Especially when you’re dealing with daycare, car payments, and rising grocery bills. But here’s the catch: the earlier you start, the less you have to save. Why? Two words: compound interest. The money you invest today earns interest. And then that interest earns interest. Over time, your money grows exponentially.

How to avoid it: Contribute to a 401(k), IRA, or both—right now. Even if it's just $50 a month. Got a workplace plan? Take full advantage of any employer match.

And don’t “set it and forget it.” Revisit your plan regularly with a trusted advisor. PCM’s retirement planning services help families build smart, flexible strategies tailored to their long-term goals.

3. Overusing Credit Cards

Swipe now, worry later. That’s the trap. Credit cards can be useful but dangerous when used for emotional or unplanned purchases. High-interest rates can turn a $100 dinner into a $300 debt headache.

How to avoid it: Use credit cards for planned expenses only. And pay off the balance in full each month. Avoid minimum payments—they just feed the debt cycle. If you’re already in credit card trouble, don’t panic.

Passive Capital Management works with families to create smart debt reduction plans while still saving for the future.

4. Buying Too Much House

Big house. Fancy kitchen. Bonus room. Sounds great, right? Until the mortgage, property taxes, repairs, insurance, utilities, and maintenance come crashing in. Many families make the mistake of maxing out their home budget. It feels like an investment—but in reality, it can squeeze your finances for decades.

How to avoid it: Buy what you need, not what impresses others. Be realistic about ongoing costs. And remember: your mortgage should never eat up your emergency savings or retirement goals. Before making a big move, talk to a financial expert.

PCM helps clients evaluate housing costs in the context of their full financial picture.

5. Skipping the Emergency Fund

Unexpected car repair? Out-of-pocket medical bill? Job loss? Life happens. And when it does, many families don’t have a cushion. They rely on credit cards or drain their retirement accounts just to stay afloat.

How to avoid it: Build an emergency fund with 3–6 months of essential expenses. Keep it in a separate, easy-access savings account. This fund is your safety net—don’t touch it unless it’s truly an emergency.

PCM includes emergency fund planning as a core part of every family’s financial plan. Because peace of mind isn’t optional—it’s essential.

Final Thoughts

Nobody gets it right 100% of the time. But small, consistent changes can transform your family’s financial future. The good news? You don’t have to do it alone. Passive Capital Management offers straightforward, judgment-free guidance to help families avoid costly mistakes and make confident money moves. Whether you need help building a budget, planning for retirement, or finally tackling your debt, PCM is ready to help.

Take the first step. Your future self will thank you. Talk to a PCM Advisor Today.

@ c913b8e3:8704332c

Absurdities from Finland

Hydrogen, Railways, and Datacenters: Just an Armchair Economist Ranting (Expect Zero Value)

"Next year we'll have growth!" they promise. Again. And again. And again.

The "economists" who yell and preach about this are just state puppets. The track record: 17-18 years of zero growth.

Finland, 1980-2025: Real GDP growth stagnant (red) while prices still bite (blue). After 2008 Red line - 17 years of “wait till next year.” — IMF DataMapper, April 2025

Why do the experts always get it wrong? Here in Finland, everybody is blinded by Keynesianism.

• Low interest rates

• High spending

Even those I once thought had "common sense" have become blind. They mistake subsidized sectors for "growth." So in love with the state, they ignore incentives, time preference, and basic economics.

New brave Finland - Hydrogen economy (1)

Launch event: free champagne, no customers. Taxpayers pay.

“Finland’s hydrogen economy is stuttering - there’s still no real market for it, so officials insist it must be manufactured with policy decrees and taxpayer subsidies.”

“Once science has to serve, not truth, but the interests of a state, argument exists only to vindicate the approved belief.” — The Road to Serfdom, ch. 11

Malinvestment Musical. Subsidies shuffle capital from things consumers actually want, such as lower electricity prices. Healthcare that works? I honestly don’t even know; Finnish people have become lazy and idiotic.

The Cantillon effect from this “green stimulus” showers money on consultants and lobbyists first; the average worker gets the hangover in the form of higher power bills and grocery prices.

Only companies living on subsidies call it “the future.”

(Sometimes I wish I was an engineer so I could do shit instead of just whining like a proper economist. At least then I could build something useful instead of just talking shit. Even with my limited knowledge of physics, I understand hydrogen is an inefficient way to store electricity - the laws of thermodynamics don't care about government subsidies.)

Hurray, we love the railways (2)

NATO will bring investments to Finland - Hurray!

We must rip up perfectly good tracks so we can afford to move troops we can no longer afford.

War talk has clouded judgment: when “national security” is the slogan, cost-benefit math is treason. As Hayek warned, the road to serfdom is always paved with strategic necessity.

• What, exactly, is a "sufficient" defense for five million Finns? (Asking this here makes you a Russian Bot, though I don't like Russia or Putin.)

• Who decides when the price tag crosses from prudent to reckless?

If hatred of an external foe sets every budget line, freedom and prosperity shrink to the margins.

In other words, the track to “strategic readiness” can be the same track to serfdom -just painted NATO blue.

When an economy flat-lines for 17 years, nothing says “revival” like swapping 1,435 mm of track for 1,520 mm - and calling it growth.

Finnish economists and "liberalists" are celebrating this? (pics in the end, can't read that X much, it has become so idiotic).

l

The Ministry of Transport has estimated that the cost of conversion work for the railway section between Haparanda and Oulu alone will exceed 1.5 billion euros. The distance is about 150 kilometers. (ESTIMATION…)

New Brave Finland – Datacenter Dissonance (3)

Well, our little minister was not involved so bad, bad, and bad!

Apparently, the box is evil if it says TikTok, but awesome if the logo reads Meta or Google. Hey, all of them are shit, just producing brain rot and stealing our data.

Low temps, reliable grid, sparse population - Finland is a logical server-farm host (shithole). But let's call it what it is: a capital-intensive, low-employment utility business. Selling it as a "high-tech jobs boom" is wishful accounting. The politicians like to yell that these investments are "Billions and Billions," yes, but how much stays in Finland? Some construction jobs and a handful of cleaners? Fucking exquisite.

"Digital Red Menace!" Lohjalainen Harri panics about Chinese bytes corrupting Finnish soil. His brilliant plan? Pray the project fails "Lohjan malliin." Nothing says "economic prosperity" like hoping jobs don't materialize! Peak Finnish paradox: pray for investments and fumble them with bureaucracy or nationalist paranoia.

What cybersecurity threat do these server farms pose to Finland? Absolutely fucking none. The data doesn't care where it sits. TikTok videos don't turn into communist spies when stored in Kouvola/Lohja. Absurd and idiotic.

Yes TikTok is brainrot and stupid shit, you have to be an idiot to install that app on your phone, but it's consumer choice - if you want it then go for it, fucking idiot. Same goes for Facebook, Instagram, all that dopamine garbage.

The Datacenter Paradox: Finland needs investment but fears investors. It celebrates clean industry then hyperventilates about who owns the servers. Classic malinvestment by decree - politicians picking winners.

Datacenters can be fine investments… BUT let's be honest about the tradeoffs. All the value goes abroad. Every megawatt sent to datacenters is not available for households or actual productive industry. Basic economics: when datacenters consume 5-10% of Finland's electricity, prices rise for everyone else. Your heating bill subsidizes Facebook's server cooling. Another brilliant example of the invisible tax of political favoritism.

The Bitcoin Alternative No One Will Discuss: Here's the real irony - datacenters can't be easily switched off during peak demand, creating grid rigidity. Bitcoin mining farms, meanwhile, could be turned on/off based on grid needs, serving as perfect complementary loads for Finland's growing but inconsistent renewable energy (wind/solar). Miners would pay premium rates during excess generation and shut down during shortages - a genuine market solution! But no, can't have sound money solutions in Finland. Better to have Googles servers running 24/7 regardless of grid conditions than allow the evil Bitcoin to improve our renewable energy economics. God forbid we actually use a solution that simultaneously strengthens the grid, supports renewables, AND promotes sound money. That might accidentally lead to common sense, and we can't have that in Finland.

General Observations: The Finnish Decay

Finland is slowly becoming like southern Europe, where nothing gets done on time. We used to laugh at how inefficient and idiotic it is there, but it is now the same here. I got a reply from my Bank after 4-5 months of sending a message. Asking for offers? Wait 3-4 months in some cases (I had this with garbage service). Need a solid service man? Let's see if somebody is free in 2 weeks? Well, I am also becoming like this with my business; nobody even cares.

Rotting services and entertainment

Hard to imagine our restaurant industry was almost on par with Sweden and Denmark just +5 years ago. Today? How many good restaurants have quit? How many Michelin stars have we lost?

Well, how about concerts? Our biggest stadium this summer will host Iron Maiden in June and Robbie Williams in September. WTF? Even the Baltic states can attract bigger names than Finland, this is becoming total shithole in every aspect.

Why?

COVID, collapsing purchasing power, bureaucracy cancer, tax asphyxiation, war hysteria, sheepish compliance, and state dependency.

The entrepreneurial drive that once built world-leading companies has withered. Why innovate when bureaucrats decide winners? Why take risks when failure is punished extremely hard (lifelong debt prison, and shame) and success is taxed away?

The result: economic stagnation rationalized as "social stability" and "equality."

Economic literacy has collapsed. Even the economists here don't grasp the basic concepts, so how on earth could the average citizen? The scariest part is that they don't even care. They've outsourced their economic thinking to the state, the same way they've outsourced their responsibility and risk management. The blind leading the blind, straight to economic mediocrity.

The Finnish Decay: When Will We Say "Enough"?

It would be a good idea to write a book in a similar style to Lawrence Lepard's Big Print: What Happened To America And How Sound Money Will Fix It.

Make readers mad! Advocate for hard money and small government.

Problems? and What's next? Recession 1990s → Nokia Mirage → Euro‑Zone Handcuffs → GFC & The Silent Depression → Everyday Decay → Complete state dependency or get mad?

A glimmer of hope: Despite the lost decades, there's a spark in Finland's youth. They hustle and show more entrepreneurial spirit, saving habits, and investment interest than their parents.

In 1999, we were a top country in education, technology, healthcare, and debt contracted on top of that we were one of the safest places to live, we didn’t lock the bikes and even the doors…

Now look at us?

When will Finns wake up and say enough?

As Hayek warned: "A movement whose main promise is the relief from responsibility cannot but be antimoral in its effect, however lofty the ideals." We've outsourced our moral obligations to an impersonal state, weakening "both the willingness to bear responsibility and the consciousness that it is our own individual duty."

We need a hard money and personal responsibility renaissance.

Coming soon: "How Sound Money and Small Government Can Save Finland From Its Slow-Motion Suicide"

News and sources:

I recently finished reading F.A. Hayek's "The Road to Serfdom" (1944). The similarities between Hayek's warnings and Finland's current course are striking. Europe and Finland are ramping up defence spending to ridiculous levels, now even talking over 5% GDP levels, which is total insanity. What would be enough for defence? We have little freedoms left here in Finland (and Europe), and in pursuit of “security,” we might lose it all. Central planners who believe they can direct an economy better than market forces are just clowns, from hydrogen to datacenter politics. What market forces have we left in Finland? I can breath freely? Soon that will be taxed too. Next we have CBDC coming up in EU.

I highly recommend reading "The Road to Serfdom." Its analysis of how good intentions lead to economic ruin remains as relevant in 2025 as it was in 1944. I feel like a total idiot for not reading it before.

Read 27 books so far this year, thx for Jack Dorsey “reading challenge” I started this in March, aim was 50 book but now we aim to 100, so fucking good to read books!

New brave Finland - Hydrogen economy (1) ://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000011199663.html

Railways (2): https://yle.fi/a/74-20161549 and https://yle.fi/a/74-20161793

Datacenters (3): https://yle.fi/a/74-20160436

Hope its not russian or Chinese? Harri (4) https://www.hs.fi/suomi/art-2000011229295.html

https://youtu.be/6XbG6aIUlog

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install SDAI (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, and allow notifications when prompted
3. Complete the introduction to get started
4. Set Local Diffusion Microsoft ONNX as provider
5. In the configuration step, Download a model (such as Real Vision) and wait for the process to finish
6. Once the model is downloaded, tap on it and then select Setup
7. You can now create images offline by entering a Prompt and tapping 🪄 Imagine

ℹ️ Download the tracking-free FOSS variant

ℹ️ Internet connection is only required for the initial model download

ℹ️ To speed up image generation, consider reducing the image size (e.g. 256x256)

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

Today I rode my bicycle to work and then I had to ride halfway back home to go to a picnic event, kind of a thing. And then I had a bike back to work to help unload stuff and then I had to bike home. So, I got some extra exercise in today and a bit unexpected, but that's good. This image was while I was taking a little walk, it looked like a tiny forest. https://usermedia.actifit.io/125670ce-4e00-493c-a0b4-4c42d542391f This report was published via Actifit app (https://bit.ly/actifit-app | https://bit.ly/actifit-ios). Check out the original version https://actifit.io/@crrdlx/actifit-crrdlx-20250515t231342287z 15/05/2025 24933 Cycling, Jogging, Walking

Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@crrdlx/actifit-crrdlx-20250515t231342287z

Auto cross-post via Hostr v0.1.16 at https://hostr-home.vercel.app

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install MuPDF Mini (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and open a document or book
3. Tap the left or right edges to scroll through pages
4. Enjoy distraction-free reading

ℹ️ You can open .pdf, .xps, .cbz, .epub, and fb2 documents

@ 609f186c:0aa4e8af

I love that #nostr lets me write in long form. I see this as one of the brightest parts of Nostr's future.

Friends, I appreciate that you like thoughtful & detailed posts.

I'm also trying to move myself away from the** sustained-thought atrophy of the Twitter format**.. where half of each tweet is like half headline.

But I've struggled with composing long notes on a client in a way that is natural & intuitive.

It has been especially difficult to get a sense for how the thing is gonna look.

And when I want to add in more material...yiikes.

So I'm delighted to be composing this post in the brandnew note editor from #Primal.

So far, it feels really good. And I like that I can selectively format text.

The troll in me still wants a <blink> tag.

Onwards to sustained cognition & real conversation!

Check out Primal's editor: https://primal.net/myarticles

@ 58537364:705b4b85

วันนี้เป็นวันสำคัญทางศาสนา มีการจัดงานบุญพร้อมกับฟังเทศน์อย่างยิ่งใหญ่ "ชายคนหนึ่ง" ได้มานั่งฟังธรรมอยู่บนศาลาวัด ในขณะที่นั่งฟังอยู่นั้นสายตาก็เหลือบไปเห็นคนกำลังตกปลาอยู่ในบ่อน้ำที่วัด แล้วก็นั่งคิดบ่นด่าคนตกปลาอยู่ในใจว่าทำไมถึงทำเช่นนั้น ในวัดแท้ๆ ยังกล้ามาจับปลา ไม่กลัวบาปกรรมบ้างเลยหรืออย่างไร แต่แทนที่ชายคนนี้มานั่งฟังธรรมจะได้บุญ กลับเอาจิตไปด่าทอผู้อื่นอยู่ตลอดเวลา

ในขณะเดียวกัน “คนตกปลา” ก็มองเห็นคนที่มานั่งฟังธรรมบนศาลาวัด ใจก็ตั้งจิตขออนุโมทนาบุญ เพราะผมมันเป็นคนบาป ไม่มีโอกาสได้ไปนั่งฟังธรรมกับคนอื่นเขา ต้องเอาเวลามาตกปลาเลี้ยงชีพ เลี้ยงดูพ่อแม่ที่ป่วยหนัก เพราะเกิดมาจนจึงไม่มีวาสนาสร้างบุญแบบคนอื่น หากเกิดชาติหน้า ก็ขอให้มีโอกาสได้สร้างบุญเหมือนแบบท่านๆที่ได้นั่งฟังธรรมอยู่ด้วยเถิด เกิดมาชาตินี้มีกรรมหนัก ต้องชดใช้กรรมที่ก่อไว้ ปลาที่มาติดเบ็ดก็ขออย่าได้จองเวรกันเลย

ถึงแม้คนตกปลาจะกำลังตกปลาอยู่ แต่จิตก็เอาแต่ภาวนาสาธุไปกับคนที่ฟังธรรม และขออโหสิกรรมปลาตลอด ที่นี้ทุกคนเข้าใจหรือยังว่า ทำไมคนฟังธรรมถึงตกนรก คนตกปลาได้ขึ้นสวรรค์

ความหมายของ “กรรมดี” และ “กรรมชั่ว” มาจากเจตนา การมีเจตนาที่ประกอบด้วยกุศล คือ กรรมดี แต่การมีเจตนาที่ประกอบด้วยอกุศล คือ กรรมชั่ว อย่างชายที่ไปนั่งฟังธรรม ก็หลงคิดว่าตัวเองกำลังทำดีอยู่ แล้วก็เอาแต่มองคนอื่นที่ไม่ทำแบบตัวเองว่าเป็นคนไม่ดี ในใจก็เอาแต่ ด่าทอ คิดร้าย ต่างๆนาๆ ในขณะที่คนตกปลา มีแต่เจตนาที่ดีต่อผู้อื่น เห็นผู้อื่นทำความดี ก็ยินดีด้วยเสมอ

การปฏิบัติธรรม เป็นการฝึกจิตให้สงบ เพื่อพัฒนาจิตของตนเองให้สูงขึ้น ไม่ใช่เอาไว้ไปข่มคนอื่นให้ดูต่ำลง เพราะสุดท้ายแล้วคนที่ทำแบบนี้ ย่อมต่ำกว่า เจ้าสวดมนต์แต่ยัง “นินทา“ เจ้าทำทานแต่ยัง ”เอาเปรียบ“ เจ้ามีความรู้แต่ชอบ ”ดูถูกคน“ เจ้าตัวสะอาดแต่ ”ใจสกปรก“ เจ้าอยากได้มิตรแท้ แต่… ”เจ้ากลับเป็นมิตรเทียม“ เจ้าบอกทำกุศล แต่… ”หมายเอาชื่อเสียง“ เจ้ามีทุกสิ่ง แต่… ”ไม่คิดแบ่งปัน “ เจ้าดูแลคนอื่น แต่… ”ละเลยพ่อแม่ “ เจ้างดเนื้อสัตว์ แต่… ”ข่มเหง ” เพื่อนมนุษย์ เจ้าหาตัวเองไม่เจอ แต่… “กรรม ” หาเจ้าเจอ

พระไพศาล วิสาโล ได้บอกถึงพฤติกรรมที่คนเหล่านี้เป็น นั่นเพราะว่า “เหมือนในสังคมทุกวันนี้ ที่ชอบทำบุญ แต่กลับไร้น้ำใจ ทั้งๆที่การมีน้ำใจต่อเพื่อนมนุษย์ เป็นสิ่งที่ทำได้ง่ายในชีวิตประจำวัน แต่บางคนกลับดั้นด้นเดินทางไปไกลๆ เพื่อที่จะไปทำบุญที่วัดอย่างเดียว แต่กับคนทุกข์ยากใกล้ตัว ไม่เคยแม้แต่จะเหลียวแลยื่นมือช่วย นั่นเป็นเพราะว่าคนเรา มักจะชอบกระทำต่อสิ่งที่อยู่สูงกว่าตน เช่น พระสงฆ์ วัดวาอาราม แต่กลับละเลยสิ่งที่คิดว่าอยู่ต่ำกว่าตนเอง เช่น คน ยากจน หรือ สัตว์น้อยใหญ่”

เมตตาค้ำจุนโลก

Cr: คู่มือมนุษย์

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

背景：WhatsApp的号码验证与运营商合作关系

作为一款基于手机号码注册的即时通信应用，WhatsApp的账号验证严重依赖全球电信运营商提供的短信或电话服务。这意味着，当用户注册或在新设备登录WhatsApp时，WhatsApp通常会向用户的手机号码发送SMS短信验证码或发起语音电话验证。这一流程利用了传统电信网络的基础设施，例如通过SS7（信令系统7）协议在全球范围内路由短信和电话securityaffairs.com。换句话说，WhatsApp把初始账户验证的安全性建立在电信运营商网络之上。然而，这种依赖关系也带来了隐患：攻击者可以利用电信网络的漏洞来拦截验证码。例如，研究人员早在2016年就演示过利用SS7协议漏洞拦截WhatsApp和Telegram的验证短信，从而劫持用户账户的攻击方法securityaffairs.com。由于SS7协议在全球范围内连接各国运营商，一个运营商的安全缺陷或恶意行为都可能被不法分子利用来获取他网用户的短信验证码securityaffairs.com。正因如此，有安全专家指出，仅依赖短信验证不足以保障账户安全，WhatsApp等服务提供商需要考虑引入额外机制来核实用户身份securityaffairs.com。

除了技术漏洞，基于电信运营商的验证还受到各地政策和网络环境影响。WhatsApp必须与全球各地运营商“合作”，才能将验证码送达到用户手机。然而这种“合作”在某些国家可能并不顺畅，典型例子就是中国。在中国大陆，国际短信和跨境电话常受到严格管控，WhatsApp在发送验证码时可能遭遇拦截或延迟sohu.com。因此，理解WhatsApp在中国的特殊联网和验证要求，需要将其全球验证机制与中国的电信政策和网络审查环境联系起来。下文将深入探讨为什么在中国使用WhatsApp进行号码验证时，必须开启蜂窝移动数据，并分析其中的技术逻辑和政策因素。

中国环境下的特殊问题：为何必须开启蜂窝数据？

中国的网络审查与封锁： WhatsApp自2017年起就在中国大陆遭遇严格封锁。起初，WhatsApp在华的服务受到**“GFW”（防火长城）**的部分干扰——例如曾一度只能发送文本消息，语音、视频和图片消息被封锁theguardian.com。到2017年下半年，封锁升级，很多用户报告在中国完全无法使用WhatsApp收发任何消息theguardian.com。中国官方将WhatsApp与Facebook、Telegram等西方通信平台一同屏蔽，视作对国家网络主权的挑战theguardian.com。鉴于此，在中国境内直接访问WhatsApp的服务器（无论通过Wi-Fi还是本地互联网）都会被防火长城所阻断。即使用户收到了短信验证码，WhatsApp客户端也无法在没有特殊连接手段的情况下与服务器完成验证通信。因此，单纯依赖Wi-Fi等本地网络环境往往无法完成WhatsApp的注册或登陆。很多用户经验表明，在中国使用WhatsApp时需要借助VPN等工具绕过审查，同时尽可能避免走被审查的网络路径sohu.com。

强制Wi-Fi热点与连接策略： 除了国家级的封锁，用户所连接的局域网络也可能影响WhatsApp验证。许多公共Wi-Fi（如机场、商场）采取强制门户认证（captive portal），用户需登录认证后才能上网。对此，WhatsApp在客户端内置了检测机制，当发现设备连入这类强制Wi-Fi热点而无法访问互联网时，会提示用户忽略该Wi-Fi并改用移动数据faq.whatsapp.com。WhatsApp要求对此授予读取Wi-Fi状态的权限，以便在检测到被拦截时自动切换网络faq.whatsapp.com。对于中国用户来说，即便所连Wi-Fi本身联网正常，由于GFW的存在WhatsApp依然可能视之为“不通畅”的网络环境。这也是WhatsApp官方指南中强调：如果Wi-Fi网络无法连接WhatsApp服务，应直接切换到手机的移动数据网络faq.whatsapp.com。在中国，由于本地宽带网络对WhatsApp的封锁，蜂窝数据反而成为相对可靠的通道——尤其在搭配VPN时，可以避开本地ISP的审查策略，实现与WhatsApp服务器的通信sohu.com。

国际短信的运营商限制： 使用移动数据还有助于解决短信验证码接收难题。中国的手机运营商出于防垃圾短信和安全考虑，默认对国际短信和境外来电进行一定限制。许多中国用户发现，注册WhatsApp时迟迟收不到验证码短信，原因可能在于运营商将来自国外服务号码的短信拦截或过滤sohu.com。例如，中国移动默认关闭国际短信接收，需要用户主动发送短信指令申请开通sohu.com。具体而言，中国移动用户需发送文本“11111”到10086（或10085）来开通国际短信收发权限；中国联通和电信用户也被建议联系运营商确认未屏蔽国际短信sohu.com。若未进行这些设置，WhatsApp发送的验证码短信可能根本无法抵达用户手机。在这种情况下，WhatsApp提供的备用方案是语音电话验证，即通过国际电话拨打用户号码并播报验证码。然而境外来电在中国也可能遭到运营商的安全拦截，特别是当号码被认为可疑时zhuanlan.zhihu.com。因此，中国用户经常被建议开启手机的蜂窝数据和漫游功能，以提高验证码接收的成功率sohu.com。一方面，开启数据漫游意味着用户准备接受来自境外的通信（通常也包含短信/电话）；另一方面，在数据联网的状态下，WhatsApp可以尝试通过网络直接完成验证通信，从而减少对SMS的依赖。

移动数据的网络路径优势： 在实际案例中，一些中国WhatsApp用户报告仅在开启蜂窝数据的情况下才能完成验证。这可能归因于蜂窝网络和宽带网络在国际出口上的差异。中国移动、联通等运营商的移动数据可能走与宽带不同的网关路由，有时对跨境小流量的拦截相对宽松。此外，WhatsApp在移动数据环境中可以利用一些底层网络特性。例如，WhatsApp可能通过移动网络发起某些专用请求或利用运营商提供的号码归属地信息进行辅助验证（虽然具体实现未公开，但这是业界讨论的可能性）。总之，在中国特殊的网络环境下，开启蜂窝数据是确保WhatsApp验证流程顺利的重要一步。这一步不仅是为了基本的互联网连接，也是为了绕开种种对国际短信和应用数据的拦截限制，从而与WhatsApp的全球基础设施建立必要的通讯。

PDP Context与IMSI：移动网络验证的技术细节

要理解为什么移动数据对WhatsApp验证如此关键，有必要了解移动通信网络中的一些技术细节，包括PDP Context和IMSI的概念。

PDP Context（分组数据协议上下文）： 当手机通过蜂窝网络使用数据（如4G/5G上网）时，必须先在运营商核心网中建立一个PDP上下文。这实际上就是申请开启一个数据会话，运营商将为设备分配一个IP地址，并允许其通过移动核心网访问互联网datascientest.com。PDP上下文包含了一系列参数（例如APN接入点名称、QoS等级等），描述该数据会话的属性datascientest.comdatascientest.com。简单来说，激活蜂窝数据就意味着创建了PDP上下文，设备获得了移动网络网关分配的IP地址，可以收发数据包。对于WhatsApp验证而言，只有在建立数据连接后，手机才能直接与WhatsApp的服务器交换数据，例如提交验证码、完成加密密钥协商等。如果仅有Wi-Fi而蜂窝数据关闭，且Wi-Fi环境无法连通WhatsApp服务器，那么验证过程将陷入停滞。因此，在中国场景下，开启蜂窝数据（即建立PDP数据通路）是WhatsApp客户端尝试绕过Wi-Fi限制、直接通过移动网络进行验证通信的前提faq.whatsapp.comsohu.com。值得一提的是，PDP Context的建立也表明手机在运营商网络上处于活跃状态，这对于某些验证机制（比如后述的闪信/闪呼）来说至关重要。

IMSI与MSISDN： IMSI（国际移动用户标识）和MSISDN（移动用户号码，即手机号码）是运营商网络中两个密切相关但不同的标识。IMSI是存储在SIM卡上的一串唯一数字，用于在移动网络中标识用户身份netmanias.com。当手机接入网络时，它向运营商提供IMSI以进行鉴权，运营商据此知道“是哪张SIM”的请求netmanias.com。而MSISDN则是我们平常说的手机号，用于在语音通话和短信路由中定位用户，也存储在运营商的HLR/HSS数据库中netmanias.com。运营商通过IMSI<->MSISDN的对应关系，将来自全球的短信/电话正确路由到用户手机上。WhatsApp的验证短信或电话本质上就是通过目标号码(MSISDN)寻找所属运营商网络，由该网络根据IMSI定位用户终端。一般情况下，WhatsApp应用并不直接接触IMSI这种信息，因为IMSI属于运营商网络的内部标识。然而，IMSI的存在仍然对安全产生影响。例如，**SIM卡交换（SIM Swap）**欺诈发生时，攻击者获得了受害者号码的新SIM卡，新SIM卡会有不同的IMSI，但MSISDN保持原号码不变。运营商会将原号码映射到新的IMSI，这样验证码短信就发送到了攻击者手中的SIM上。对WhatsApp而言，除非有机制检测IMSI变动，否则无法察觉用户号码背后的SIM已被盗换。部分应用在检测到SIM变化时会提示用户重新验证，这需要读取设备的IMSI信息进行比对。然而，在现代智能手机中，获取IMSI通常需要特殊权限，WhatsApp并未明确说明它有此类检测。因此，从WhatsApp角度，IMSI更多是网络侧的概念，但它提醒我们：电信级身份验证依赖于SIM的有效性。只有当正确的IMSI在网络注册、并建立了PDP数据上下文时，WhatsApp的后台服务才能确认该SIM对应的号码目前“在线”，进而可靠地发送验证信号（短信或电话）到该设备。

移动网络的信号辅助验证： 有观点认为，一些OTT应用可能利用移动网络提供的附加服务来辅助号码验证。例如，某些运营商提供号码快速验证API，当应用检测到设备在移动数据网络中时，可以向特定地址发起请求，由运营商返回当前设备的号码信息（通常通过已经建立的PDP通道）。Google等公司在部分国家与运营商合作过类似服务，实现用户免输入验证码自动完成验证。但就WhatsApp而言，没有公开证据表明其使用了运营商提供的自动号码识别API。即便如此，WhatsApp鼓励用户保持移动网络在线的做法，隐含的意义之一可能是：当手机处于蜂窝网络且数据畅通时，验证码通过率和验证成功率都会显著提升。这既包括了物理层面短信、电话能否送达，也涵盖了数据层面应用和服务器能否互通。

Flash Call机制：WhatsApp验证的新方案

针对传统SMS验证码容易被拦截、延迟以及用户体验不佳的问题，WhatsApp近年来引入了一种Flash Call（闪呼）验证机制fossbytes.com。所谓闪呼，即应用在用户验证阶段向用户的手机号发起一个非常短暂的来电：用户无需真正接听，WhatsApp会自动结束这通电话，并根据通话记录来确认是否拨通fossbytes.com。

原理与流程： 当用户选择使用闪呼验证（目前主要在Android设备上可用），WhatsApp会请求权限访问用户的通话记录fossbytes.com。随后应用拨打用户的号码，一般是一个预先设定的特定号码或号码段。由于WhatsApp后台知道它拨出的号码及通话ID，只要该未接来电出现在用户手机的通话日志中，应用即可读取并匹配最后一通来电的号码是否符合验证要求，从而确认用户持有这个号码fossbytes.com。整个过程用户无需手动输入验证码，验证通话在数秒内完成。相比6位数字短信验证码需要用户在短信和应用间切换输入，闪呼方式更加快捷无缝fossbytes.com。

优缺点分析： 闪呼验证的优势在于速度快且避免了SMS可能的延迟或拦截。一些分析指出闪呼将成为取代SMS OTP（一次性密码）的新趋势，Juniper Research预测2022年用于验证的闪呼次数将从2021年的六千万猛增到五十亿次subex.comglobaltelcoconsult.com。对于WhatsApp这样全球用户庞大的应用，闪呼可以节约大量SMS网关费用，并绕开部分运营商对国际SMS的限制。然而，闪呼也有局限：fossbytes.com首先，iOS设备由于系统安全限制，应用无法访问通话记录，因此iPhone上无法使用闪呼验证fossbytes.com。这意味着苹果用户仍需使用传统短信验证码。其次，为实现自动匹配来电号码，用户必须授予读取通话记录的权限，这在隐私上引发一些担忧fossbytes.comfossbytes.com。WhatsApp声称不会将通话记录用于验证以外的用途，号码匹配也在本地完成fossbytes.com，但考虑到母公司Meta的隐私争议，部分用户依然顾虑。第三，闪呼验证依赖语音通话路线，同样受制于电信网络质量。如果用户所处网络无法接通国际来电（比如被运营商拦截境外短振铃电话），闪呼也无法成功。此外，从运营商角度看，闪呼绕过了A2P短信计费，可能侵蚀短信营收，一些运营商开始研究识别闪呼流量的策略wholesale.orange.com。总体而言，闪呼机制体现了WhatsApp希望减轻对短信依赖的努力，它在许多国家提升了验证体验，但在中国等特殊环境，其效果仍取决于本地语音网络的开放程度。值得注意的是，中国运营商对于境外电话，尤其是这种**“零响铃”未接来电**也有防范措施，中国电信和联通用户就被建议如需接收海外来电验证，应联系客服确保未拦截海外来电hqsmartcloud.com。因此，即便WhatsApp支持闪呼，中国用户若未开启移动语音漫游或运营商许可，仍然难以通过此途径完成验证。

与SIM Swap安全性的关系： 从安全角度看，闪呼并未实质提升抵御SIM交换攻击的能力。如果攻击者成功将受害者的号码转移至自己的SIM卡上（获取新IMSI），那么无论验证码以短信还是闪呼方式发送，都会到达攻击者设备。闪呼机制能防御的是部分恶意拦截短信的行为（如恶意网关或木马读取短信），但对社工换卡没有太大帮助。WhatsApp早已提供两步验证（即设置6位PIN码）供用户自行启用，以防号码被他人重新注册时需要额外密码。然而大量用户未开启该功能。因此，闪呼更多是从用户体验和成本出发的改良，而非针对高级别攻击的防护机制。正如前文所述，真正要防御SIM Swap和SS7漏洞等系统性风险，依赖运营商的号码验证本身就是薄弱环节，需要引入更高级的身份认证手段。

SIM卡交换攻击的风险与运营商信任问题

WhatsApp和Telegram一类基于手机号认证的应用普遍面临一个安全挑战：手机号码本身并非绝对安全的身份凭证。攻击者可以通过一系列手段取得用户的号码控制权，其中SIM交换（SIM Swap）是近年高发的欺诈手法。SIM Swap通常由不法分子冒充用户，诱骗或贿赂运营商客服将目标号码的服务转移到攻击者的新SIM卡上keepnetlabs.com。一旦成功，所有发往该号码的短信和电话都转由攻击者接收，原机主的SIM卡失效。对于依赖短信/电话验证的应用来说，这意味着攻击者可以轻易获取验证码，从而重置账户并登录。近年来全球SIM Swap案件呈上升趋势，许多在线服务的账号被此攻破rte.ie。

WhatsApp并非未知晓此风险。事实上，WhatsApp在其帮助中心和安全博客中多次提醒用户开启两步验证PIN，并强调绝不向他人透露短信验证码。然而，从系统设计上讲，WhatsApp仍将信任根基放在运营商发送到用户手机的那串数字验证码上。一旦运营商端的安全被绕过（无论是内部员工作恶、社工欺诈，还是SS7网络被黑客利用securityaffairs.com），WhatsApp本身无法辨别验证码接收者是否是真正的用户。正如安全研究所Positive Technologies指出的那样，目前主要的即时通讯服务（包括WhatsApp和Telegram）依赖SMS作为主要验证机制，这使得黑客能够通过攻击电信信令网络来接管用户账户securityaffairs.com。换言之，WhatsApp被迫信任每一个参与短信/电话路由的运营商，但这个信任链条上任何薄弱环节都可能遭到利用securityaffairs.com。例如，在SIM Swap攻击中，运营商本身成为被欺骗的对象；而在SS7定位拦截攻击中，全球互联的电信网成为攻击面。在中国的场景下，虽然主要威胁来自审查而非黑客，但本质上仍是WhatsApp无法完全掌控电信网络这一事实所导致的问题。

应对这些风险，WhatsApp和Telegram等采用了一些弥补措施。除了提供用户自行设定的二次密码，两者也开始探索设备多因子的概念（如后文Telegram部分所述，利用已有登录设备确认新登录）。然而，对绝大多数首次注册或更换设备的用户来说，传统的短信/电话验证仍是唯一途径。这就是为什么在高安全需求的行业中，SMS OTP正逐渐被视为不充分securityaffairs.com。监管机构和安全专家建议对涉敏感操作采用更强验证，如专用身份应用、硬件令牌或生物识别等。WhatsApp作为大众通信工具，目前平衡了易用性与安全性，但其依赖电信运营商的验证模式在像中国这样特殊的环境下，既遇到政策阻碍，也隐藏安全短板。这一点对于决策制定者评估国外通信应用在华风险时，是一个重要考量：任何全球运营商合作机制，在中国境内都可能因为**“最后一公里”由中国运营商执行**而受到影响。无论是被拦截信息还是可能的监控窃听，这些风险都源自于底层通信网的控制权不在应用服务商手中。

Telegram登录机制的比较

作为对比，Telegram的账号登录机制与WhatsApp类似，也以手机号码为主要身份标识，但在具体实现上有一些不同之处。

多设备登录与云端代码： Telegram从设计上支持多设备同时在线（手机、平板、PC等），并将聊天内容储存在云端。这带来的一个直接好处是：当用户在新设备上登录时，Telegram会优先通过已登录的其他设备发送登录验证码。例如，用户尝试在电脑上登录Telegram，Telegram会在用户手机上的Telegram应用里推送一条消息包含登录码，而不是立即发短信accountboy.comaccountboy.com。用户只需在新设备输入从老设备上收到的代码即可完成登录。这种机制确保了只要用户至少有一个设备在线，就几乎不需要依赖运营商短信。当然，如果用户当前只有一部新设备（例如换了手机且旧设备不上线），Telegram才会退而求其次，通过SMS发送验证码到手机号。同时，Telegram也允许用户选择语音电话获取验证码，类似于WhatsApp的语音验证。当用户完全无法收到SMS时（比如在中国这种场景），语音呼叫常常比短信更可靠seatuo.com。

两步验证密码： 与WhatsApp一样，Telegram提供可选的两步验证密码。当启用此功能后，即使拿到短信验证码，仍需输入用户设置的密码才能登录账户quora.com。这对抗SIM Swap等攻击提供了另一层防线。不过需要指出，如果用户忘记了设置的Telegram密码且没有设置信任邮箱，可能会永久失去账号访问，因此开启该功能在中国用户中接受度一般。

登录体验与安全性的取舍： Telegram的登录流程在用户体验上更加灵活。多设备下无需每次都收验证码，提高了便利性。但从安全角度看，这种“信任已有设备”的做法也有隐患：如果用户的某个设备落入他人之手并未及时登出，那么该人有可能利用该设备获取新的登录验证码。因此Telegram会在应用中提供管理活动会话的功能，用户可随时查看和撤销其它设备的登录状态telegram.org。总体而言，Telegram和WhatsApp在初始注册环节同样依赖短信/电话，在这一点上，中国的网络环境对两者影响相似：Telegram在中国同样被全面封锁，需要VPN才能使用，其短信验证码发送也会受到运营商限制。另外，Telegram曾在2015年因恐怖分子利用该平台传递信息而被中国当局重点关注并屏蔽，因此其国内可达性甚至比WhatsApp更低。许多中国用户实际使用Telegram时，通常绑定国外号码或通过海外SIM卡来收取验证码，以绕开国内运营商的限制。

差异总结： 简而言之，Telegram在登录验证机制上的主要优势在于已有会话协助和云端同步。这使得老用户换设备时不依赖国内短信通道即可登录（前提是原设备已登录并可访问）。WhatsApp直到最近才推出多设备功能，但其多设备模式采用的是端到端加密设备链路，需要主手机扫码授权，而非像Telegram那样用账号密码登录其它设备。因此WhatsApp仍然强绑定SIM卡设备，首次注册和更换手机号时逃不开运营商环节。安全方面，两者的SMS验证所面临的系统性风险（如SS7攻击、SIM Swap）并无本质区别，都必须仰仗运营商加强对核心网络的保护，以及用户自身启用附加验证措施securityaffairs.comkeepnetlabs.com。

结论

对于希望在中国使用WhatsApp的用户来说，“开启蜂窝数据”这一要求背后体现的是技术与政策交织的复杂现实。一方面，蜂窝数据承载着WhatsApp与其全球服务器通信的关键信道，在中国的受限网络中提供了相对可靠的出路faq.whatsapp.comsohu.com。另一方面，WhatsApp的号码验证机制深深植根于传统电信体系，必须经由全球运营商的“协作”才能完成用户身份确认securityaffairs.com。而在中国，这种协作受到防火长城和运营商政策的双重阻碍：国际短信被拦截、国际数据被阻断。为克服这些障碍，WhatsApp既采取了工程上的应对（如检测强制Wi-Fi并提示使用移动网络faq.whatsapp.com），也引入了诸如闪呼验证等新方案以减少对短信的依赖fossbytes.com。但从根本上说，只要注册流程离不开手机号码，这种与电信运营商的捆绑关系就无法割舍。由此带来的安全问题（如SIM Swap和信令网络漏洞）在全球范围内敲响警钟securityaffairs.comkeepnetlabs.com。

对于从事安全研究和政策评估的人士，这篇分析揭示了WhatsApp在中国遇到的典型困境：技术系统的全球化与监管环境的本地化冲突。WhatsApp全球统一的验证框架在中国水土不服，不得不通过额外的设置和手段来“曲线救国”。这既包括让用户切换网络、配置VPN等绕过审查，也包括思考未来是否有必要采用更安全独立的验证方式。相比之下，Telegram的机制给出了一种启示：灵活运用多设备和云服务，至少在一定程度上降低对单一短信渠道的依赖。然而，Telegram自身在中国的处境表明，再优雅的技术方案也难以直接对抗高强度的网络封锁。最终，无论是WhatsApp还是Telegram，要想在受限环境下可靠运作，都需要技术与政策的双管齐下：一方面提高验证与登录的安全性和多样性，另一方面寻求运营商和监管层面的理解与配合。

综上所述，WhatsApp要求中国用户开启蜂窝数据并非偶然的臆想，而是其全球运营商合作验证机制在中国受阻后的务实选择。这一要求折射出移动通信应用在跨境运营中面临的挑战，也提醒我们在设计安全策略时必须考虑底层依赖的信任假设。对于个人用户，最实际的建议是在使用此类应用时提前了解并遵循这些特殊设置（如开通国际短信、启用数据漫游），并善用应用自身的安全功能（如两步验证）来保护账户免遭社工和网络攻击keepnetlabs.com。对于监管和运营商，则有必要权衡安全审查与用户便利之间的平衡，在可控范围内为可信的全球服务留出技术通道。在全球通信愈加融合的时代，WhatsApp的中国验证问题或许只是一个缩影，背后涉及的既有网络安全考量，也有数字主权与国际合作的议题，值得持续深入研究和关注。

faq.whatsapp.comfossbytes.comtheguardian.comsecurityaffairs.comsecurityaffairs.comkeepnetlabs.comdatascientest.comnetmanias.comsohu.comsohu.com

@ 58537364:705b4b85

ความสุขแท้ไม่มีในโลก มีแต่เมื่อความทุกข์ได้ถูกบำบัดลงครั้งหนึ่ง ก็เรียกว่าความสุขครั้งหนึ่ง คุณอยากได้ของสักชิ้นอย่างมาก เมื่อได้มาแล้วก็มีความสุข เพราะความอยากได้ถูกบำบัดไปแล้ว เมื่อคุณอยากได้ของหรืออยากได้อะไรอีก ความทุกข์ก็เกิดขึ้นอีก เมื่ออยากมาก ก็ทุกข์มาก เมื่อไม่อยากให้ของสิ่งนั้นหายหรือแตกดับไป ก็ทุกข์อีก

เมื่อได้รับของที่ต้องการแล้ว ก็ต้องดูแลเอาใจใส่ของนั้น เมื่อไม่เป็นไปตามความอยากหรือไม่อยากของตน ก็ทุกข์ ซึ่งทุกสรรพสิ่ง เมื่อเกิดขึ้น ย่อมตั้งอยู่แล้วดับไป คนที่เรารักย่อมเจ็บป่วยและดับไป เป็นธรรมดาของชีวิต แต่เราไม่ยอมรับ บางคนเมื่อพูดถึงความตาย ก็บอกว่า พูดทำไม เป็นคำอัปมงคล แต่โดยแท้แล้ว ความตายอยู่กับเราทุกลมหายใจ

เราต้องการให้คนรอบๆ ทำแต่สิ่งที่ถูกใจเรา ทำสิ่งที่ดีต่อเรา แต่มันจะเป็นไปได้หรือ ความสุขจึงอยู่ที่การยอมรับในสิ่งที่เป็น ที่มีอยู่ เพราะธรรมชาติของสิ่งที่เราต้องพบ ต้องประสบ มันเป็นเช่นนั้นของมันเอง การพยายามไปเปลี่ยนแปลงสิ่งต่างๆรอบๆตัว จึง เหมือนการพยายามห้ามแม่น้ำไม่ให้ไหลไป

ความสุขในฐานะปุถุชนมีได้ ด้วยการยอมรับสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น การยอมรับไม่ใช่การยอมแพ้แก่มัน แต่เมื่อเราพยายามทำดีอย่างที่สุดแล้ว ผลสุดท้ายจะเป้นอย่างไร ก็ต้องวาง

ขอยกคำหลวงพ่อไพศาลที่ว่า ชีวิตเราเลือกได้ ว่าจะเป็นอย่างไร เด็กผู้หญิง 10 ขวบ ขนของ แต่เด็กผู้ชายสองคน ไม่ช่วยขนของ ไปดูทีวีเสีย แทนที่เด็กผู้หญิงคนนั้นจะโกรธ กลับบอกว่า ขนของเหนื่อยอย่างเดียว แต่ถ้าไปโกรธเขา เราก็เหนื่อยสองอย่าง

การอยู่โดยมองโลกในแง่บวก เป็นสิ่งที่สำคัญมาก ขอยกตัวอย่างจากหลวงพ่อไพศาลอีกครั้ง เด็กชายคนหนึ่งเป็นโรคมะเร็งที่ กระดูกที่ขา เขาถูกตัดขาไปข้างหนึ่ง เขาบอกว่า เขาดีใจที่ยังมีขาอีกข้างหนึ่ง ไม่ใช่เสียใจที่เสียขาไป

เป็นสุขในทุกความเปลี่ยนแปลง หลวงพ่อไพศาล วิสาโล

คนเราย่อมปรารถนาความเปลี่ยนแปลง หากว่าความเปลี่ยนแปลงนั้นอยู่ในอำนาจของเรา หรือสอดคล้องกับความต้องการของเรา ไม่มีใครอยากขับรถคันเดิม ใช้โทรศัพท์เครื่องเดิม หรืออยู่กับที่ไปตลอด มิจำต้องพูดถึงการอยู่ในอิริยาบถเดิม ๆ เราต้องการสิ่งใหม่ ๆ อยู่เสมอ แต่ความจริงอย่างหนึ่งที่เราปฏิเสธไม่ได้ก็คือ มีความเปลี่ยนแปลงหลายอย่างที่เราไม่ต้องการแต่หนีไม่พ้น ความเปลี่ยนแปลงอย่างนี้แหละที่ผู้คนประหวั่นพรั่นพรึง วิตกกังวลเมื่อนึกถึงมัน และเป็นทุกข์เมื่อมันมาถึง

แต่ยังมีความจริงอีกอย่างหนึ่งที่เราพึงตระหนักก็คือ สุขหรือทุกข์นั้น มิได้ขึ้นอยู่กับว่า มีอะไรเกิดขึ้นกับเรา แต่อยู่ที่ว่า เรารู้สึกอย่างไรกับสิ่งนั้นต่างหาก แม้มีสิ่งไม่ดีเกิดขึ้นกับเรา แต่ถ้าเราไม่รู้สึกย่ำแย่ไปกับมัน หรือวางใจให้เป็น มันก็ทำให้เราเป็นทุกข์ไม่ได้

กนกวรรณ ศิลป์สุข เป็นโรคธาลัสซีเมียตั้งแต่เกิด ทำให้เธอมีร่างกายแคระแกร็น กระดูกเปราะและเจ็บป่วยด้วยโรคแทรกซ้อนนานาชนิด ซึ่งมักทำให้อายุสั้น แต่เธอกับน้องสาวไม่มีสีหน้าอมทุกข์แต่อย่างใด กลับใช้ชีวิตอย่างมีความสุข เธอพูดจากประสบการณ์ของตัวเองว่า “มันไม่สำคัญหรอกว่าเราจะเป็นอย่างไรหรือมีอะไรเกิดขึ้นกับชีวิต แต่สำคัญที่ว่าเมื่อเกิดขึ้นมาแล้ว เราคิดกับมันยังไงต่างหาก สำหรับเราสองคน ความสุขเป็นเรื่องที่หาง่ายมาก ถ้าใจของเราคิดว่ามันเป็นความสุข”

โอโตทาเกะ ฮิโรทาดะ เกิดมาพิการ ไร้แขนไร้ขา แต่เขาสามารถช่วยตัวเองได้แทบทุกอย่าง ในหนังสือเรื่อง ไม่ครบห้า เขาพูดไว้ตอนหนึ่งว่า “ผมเกิดมาพิการแต่ผมมีความสุขและสนุกทุกวัน” ใครที่ได้รู้จักเขาคงยอมรับเต็มปากว่าเขาเป็นคนที่มีความสุขคนหนึ่ง อาจจะสุขมากกว่าคนที่มีอวัยวะครบ (แต่กลับเป็นทุกข์เพราะหน้ามีสิว ผิวตกกระ หุ่นไม่กระชับ)

ในโลกที่ซับซ้อนและผันผวนปรวนแปรอยู่เสมอ เราไม่สามารถเลือกได้ว่าจะต้องมีสิ่งดี ๆ เกิดขึ้นกับเราตลอดเวลา แต่เราเลือกได้ว่าจะมีปฏิกิริยากับสิ่งนั้นอย่างไร รวมทั้งเลือกได้ว่าจะยอมให้มันมีอิทธิพลต่อเราอย่างไรและแค่ไหน..ในวันที่แดดจ้าอากาศร้อนอ้าว บุรุษไปรษณีย์คนหนึ่งยืนรอส่งเอกสารหน้าบ้านหลังใหญ่ หลังจากเรียกหาเจ้าของบ้านแต่ไม่มีวี่แววว่าจะมีคนมารับ เขาก็ร้องเพลงไปพลาง ๆ เสียงดังชัดเจนไปทั้งซอย ในที่สุดเจ้าของบ้านก็ออกจากห้องแอร์มารับเอกสาร เธอมีสีหน้าหงุดหงิด เมื่อรับเอกสารเสร็จเธอก็ถามบุรุษไปรษณีย์ว่า “ร้อนแบบนี้ยังมีอารมณ์ร้องเพลงอีกเหรอ” เขายิ้มแล้วตอบว่า “ถ้าโลกร้อนแต่ใจเราเย็น มันก็เย็นครับ ร้องเพลงเป็นความสุขของผมอย่างหนึ่ง ส่งไปร้องไป” ว่าแล้วเขาก็ขับรถจากไป

เราสั่งให้อากาศเย็นตลอดเวลาไม่ได้ แต่เราเลือกได้ว่าจะยอมให้อากาศร้อนมีอิทธิพลต่อจิตใจของเราได้แค่ไหน นี้คือเสรีภาพอย่างหนึ่งที่เรามีกันทุกคน อยู่ที่ว่าเราจะใช้เสรีภาพชนิดนี้หรือไม่ พูดอีกอย่างก็คือ ถ้าเราหงุดหงิดเพราะอากาศร้อน นั่นแสดงว่าเราเลือกแล้วที่จะยอมให้มันยัดเยียดความทุกข์แก่ใจเรา

ถึงที่สุดแล้ว สุขหรือทุกข์อยู่ที่เราเลือก มิใช่มีใครมาทำให้ ถึงแม้จะป่วยด้วยโรคร้าย เราก็ยังสามารถมีความสุขได้ โจว ต้า กวน เด็กชายวัย ๑๐ ขวบ เป็นโรคมะเร็งที่ขา จนต้องผ่าตัดถึง ๓ ครั้ง เขาได้เขียนบทกวีเล่าถึงประสบการณ์ในครั้งนั้นว่า เมื่อพ่อแม่จูงมือเขาเข้าห้องผ่าตัด เขาเลือก “น้องสงบ” เป็นเพื่อน (แทนที่จะเป็น “น้องกังวล”) เมื่อเขาห้องผ่าตัดครั้งที่สอง เขาเลือก “ลุงมั่นคง”เป็นเพื่อน (แทนที่จะเป็น “ป้ากลัว”) เมื่อพ่ออุ้มเขาเข้าห้องผ่าตัดครั้งที่สาม เขาเลือก “ชีวิต” (แทนที่จะเป็น “ความตาย”) ด้วยการเลือกเช่นนี้มะเร็งจึงบั่นทอนได้แต่ร่างกายของเขา แต่ทำอะไรจิตใจเขาไม่ได้

เมื่อใดก็ตามที่ความเปลี่ยนแปลงอันไม่พึงประสงค์เกิดขึ้น หากเราไม่สามารถสกัดกั้นหรือบรรเทาลงได้ ในยามนั้นไม่มีอะไรดีกว่าการหันมาจัดการกับใจของเราเอง เพื่อให้เกิดความทุกข์น้อยที่สุด หรือใช้มันให้เกิดประโยชน์มากที่สุด ด้วยวิธีการต่อไปนี้

๑. ยอมรับความจริงที่เกิดขึ้นแล้ว การยอมรับความจริงที่ไม่พึงประสงค์ ทำให้เราเลิกบ่น ตีโพยตีพาย หรือมัวแต่ตีอกชกหัว ซึ่งมีแต่จะเพิ่มความทุกข์ให้แก่ตนเอง คนเรามักซ้ำเติมตัวเองด้วยการบ่นโวยวายในสิ่งที่ไม่อาจแก้ไขอะไรได้

เรามักทำใจยอมรับความจริงที่เกิดขึ้นแล้วไม่ได้ เพราะเห็นว่ามันไม่ถูกต้อง ไม่น่าเกิด ไม่ยุติธรรม (“ทำไมต้องเป็นฉัน ?”) แต่ยิ่งไปยึดติดหรือหมกมุ่นกับเหตุผลเหล่านั้น เราก็ยิ่งเป็นทุกข์ แทนที่จะเสียเวลาและพลังงานไปกับการบ่นโวยวาย ไม่ดีกว่าหรือหากเราจะเอาเวลาและพลังงานเหล่านั้นไปใช้ในการรับมือกับสิ่ง ที่เกิดขึ้นแล้ว

เด็ก ๓ คนได้รับมอบหมายให้ขนของขึ้นรถไฟ แต่ระหว่างที่กำลังขนของ เด็กชาย ๒ คนก็ผละไปดูโทรทัศน์ซึ่งกำลังถ่ายทอดสดการชกมวยของสมจิตร จงจอหอ นักชกเหรียญทองโอลิมปิค เมื่อมีคนถามเด็กหญิงซึ่งกำลังขนของอยู่คนเดียวว่า เธอไม่โกรธหรือคิดจะด่าว่าเพื่อน ๒ คนนั้นหรือ เธอตอบว่า “หนูขนของขึ้นรถไฟ หนูเหนื่อยอย่างเดียว แต่ถ้าหนูโกรธหรือไปด่าว่าเขา หนูก็ต้องเหนื่อยสองอย่าง”

ทุกครั้งที่ทำงาน เราสามารถเลือกได้ว่าจะเหนื่อยอย่างเดียว หรือเหนื่อยสองอย่าง คำถามคือทุกวันนี้เราเลือกเหนื่อยกี่อย่าง นอกจากเหนื่อยกายแล้ว เรายังเหนื่อยใจด้วยหรือไม่

การยอมรับความจริง ไม่ได้แปลว่ายอมจำนนต่อสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น แต่เป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของการเลือกที่จะไม่ยอมทุกข์เพราะความเปลี่ยนแปลง อีกทั้งยังทำให้สามารถตั้งหลักหรือปรับตัวปรับใจพร้อมรับความเปลี่ยนแปลง นั้นอย่างดีที่สุด

๒. ทำปัจจุบันให้ดีที่สุด นอกจากบ่นโวยวายกับสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นแล้ว เรามักทุกข์เพราะอาลัยอดีตอันงดงาม หรือกังวลกับสิ่งเลวร้ายที่คาดว่าจะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต สุดท้ายก็เลยไม่เป็นอันทำอะไร

ไม่ว่าจะอาลัยอดีตหรือกังวลกับอนาคตเพียงใด ก็ไม่ช่วยให้อะไรดีขึ้น กลับทำให้เราย่ำแย่กว่าเดิม สิ่งเดียวที่จะทำให้อะไรดีขึ้นก็คือการทำปัจจุบันให้ดีที่สุด ทางข้างหน้าแม้จะยาวไกลและลำบากเพียงใด แต่เราไม่มีวันถึงจุดหมายเลยหากไม่ลงมือก้าวเสียแต่เดี๋ยวนี้ รวมทั้งใส่ใจกับแต่ละก้าวให้ดี ถ้าก้าวไม่หยุดในที่สุดก็ต้องถึงที่หมายเอง

บรู๊ซ เคอร์บี นักไต่เขา พูดไว้อย่างน่าสนใจว่า “ทุกอย่างมักจะดูเลวร้ายกว่าความจริงเสมอเมื่อเรามองจากที่ไกล ๆ เช่น หนทางขึ้นเขาดูน่ากลัว....บางเส้นทางอาจดูเลวร้ายจนคุณระย่อและอยากหันหลัง กลับ นานมาแล้วผมได้บทเรียนสำคัญคือ แทนที่จะมองขึ้นไปข้างบนและสูญเสียกำลังใจกับการจินตนาการถึงอันตรายข้าง หน้า ผมจับจ้องอยู่ที่พื้นใต้ฝ่าเท้าแล้วก้าวไปข้างหน้าทีละก้าว”

๓. มองแง่บวก มองแง่บวกไม่ได้หมายถึงการฝันหวานว่าอนาคตจะต้องดีแน่ แต่หมายถึงการมองเห็นสิ่งดี ๆ ที่มีอยู่ในปัจจุบัน ไม่ว่าเจ็บป่วย ตกงาน หรืออกหัก ก็ยังมีสิ่งดี ๆ อยู่รอบตัวและในตัวเรา รวมทั้งมองเห็นสิ่งดี ๆ ที่ซุกซ่อนอยู่ในความเปลี่ยนแปลงเหล่านั้นด้วย

แม้กนกวรรณ ศิลป์สุข จะป่วยด้วยโรคร้าย แต่เธอก็มีความสุขทุกวัน เพราะ “เราก็ยังมีตาเอาไว้มองสิ่งที่สวย ๆ มีจมูกไว้ดมกลิ่นหอม ๆ มีปากไว้กินอาหารอร่อย ๆ แล้วก็มีร่างกายที่ยังพอทำอะไรได้อีกหลายอย่าง แค่นี้ก็เพียงพอแล้วที่เราจะมีความสุข” ส่วนจารุวรรณ ศิลป์สุข น้องสาวของเธอ ซึ่งขาหักถึง ๑๔ ครั้งด้วยโรคเดียวกัน ก็พูดว่า “ขาหักก็ดีเหมือนกัน ไม่ต้องไปโรงเรียน ได้อยู่กับบ้าน ฟังยายเล่านิทาน หรือไม่ก็อ่านหนังสือ อยู่กับดอกไม้ กับธรรมชาติ กับสิ่งที่เราชอบ ก็ถือว่ามีความสุขไปอีกแบบ”

โจว ต้า กวน แม้จะถูกตัดขา แต่แทนที่จะเศร้าเสียใจกับขาที่ถูกตัด เขากลับรู้สึกดีที่ยังมีขาอีกข้างหนึ่ง ดังตั้งชื่อหนังสือรวมบทกวีของเขาว่า “ฉันยังมีขาอีกข้างหนึ่ง”

หลายคนพบว่าการที่เป็นมะเร็งทำให้ตนเองได้มาพบธรรมะและความสุขที่ลึกซึ้ง จึงอดไม่ได้ที่จะอุทานว่า “โชคดีที่เป็นมะเร็ง” ขณะที่บางคนบอกว่า “โชคดีที่เป็นแค่มะเร็งสมอง” เพราะหากเป็นมะเร็งปากมดลูกเธอจะต้องเจ็บปวดยิ่งกว่านี้

ถึงที่สุด ไม่ว่าอะไรเกิดขึ้นกับเรา ก็ล้วนดีเสมอ อย่างน้อยก็ดีที่ไม่แย่ไปกว่านี้

๔. มีสติ รู้เท่าทันตนเอง เมื่อความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ไม่พึงประสงค์เกิดขึ้น เรามักมองออกนอกตัว และอดไม่ได้ที่จะโทษคนโน้น ต่อว่าคนนี้ และเรียกหาใครต่อใครมาช่วย แต่เรามักลืมดูใจตนเอง ว่ากำลังปล่อยให้ความโกรธแค้น ความกังวล และความท้อแท้ครอบงำใจไปแล้วมากน้อยเพียงใด เราลืมไปว่าเป็นตัวเราเองต่างหากที่ยอมให้เหตุการณ์ต่าง ๆ รอบตัวยัดเยียดความทุกข์ให้แก่ใจเรา ไม่ใช่เราดอกหรือที่เลือกทุกข์มากกว่าสุข การมีสติ ระลึกรู้ใจที่กำลังจมอยู่กับความทุกข์ จะช่วยพาใจกลับสู่ความปกติ เห็นอารมณ์ต่าง ๆ เกิดขึ้นโดยไม่ไปข้องเกี่ยว จ่อมจม หรือยึดติดถือมั่นมัน อีกทั้งยังเปิดช่องและบ่มเพาะปัญญาให้ทำงานได้เต็มที่ สามารถเปลี่ยนร้ายให้กลายเป็นดี หรือมองเห็นด้านดีของมันได้

สติและปัญญาทำให้เรามีเสรีภาพที่จะเลือกสุข และหันหลังให้กับความทุกข์ ใช่หรือไม่ว่าอิสรภาพที่แท้ คือ ความสามารถในการอนุญาตให้สิ่งต่าง ๆ มีอิทธิพลต่อชีวิตของเราได้เพียงใด ความเปลี่ยนแปลงของร่างกาย ของทรัพย์สิน ของผู้คนรอบตัว รวมทั้งความเปลี่ยนแปลงในบ้านเมือง ไม่สามารถทำให้เราทุกข์ได้ หากเราเข้าถึงอิสรภาพดังกล่าว แทนที่เราจะมัววิงวอนเรียกร้องให้เกิดความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ถูกใจเรา ไม่ดีกว่าหรือหากเราพยายามพัฒนาตนบ่มเพาะจิตใจให้เข้าถึงอิสรภาพดังกล่าว ควบคู่ไปกับการสร้างสรรค์สิ่งดีงามให้เกิดขึ้นแก่ตนเองและสังคม

credit : Suphan Click!!

@ 0b118e40:4edc09cb

My week started off with a lovely message from a friend : “I often think about you. Especially during times when it requires me to be more resilient and have faith in myself. I always carry your note in the book you gave me, “what the dog saw” And it always gives me courage and I send a little prayer your way”.

This friend of mine was dealing with the undercurrent of discrimination in my alma mater when we first met, and I helped out. It's something anybody would have done, but surprisingly, nobody else showed up. We’ve stayed in touch over the years, and my friend went on to help a lot of other people along the way.

I don’t remember what I wrote in that note. It’s something I tend to do (write notes, give books, write notes in books). But the message boomeranged back to me at a time when I needed to hold the line. To keep the faith.

Most of us don’t talk about our struggles. And sometimes the smallest act, which could just be a kind word or a reminder of the person you are, can carry farther than we imagine.

On the act of giving

There’s a book called Give and Take by Adam Grant. I picked it up hoping to learn how to take, because it’s always been easier to give and harder to accept help. But what I learned was something else entirely.

Grant studied over 30,000 people across different companies and grouped them into three types: * Givers * Matchers * Takers

Based on his studies, givers often finish last... They struggle the most. They burn out. They get overlooked. They’re too trusting.

But oddly, they also rise to the very top.

Matchers are the scorekeepers, the “I’ll help you if you help me” kind. They make up most of the population. The fascinating thing about tit-for-tat is that if someone’s kind, they reciprocate. But if someone acts like a jerk, they return the energy, and over time, it becomes a pool of spoiled milk. Matchers are a lukewarm, forgettable kind of network.

Takers are the ones chasing attention, always aligning themselves with whoever looks powerful. They tend to float toward status and soak up what they can. But they often portray themselves as kind and giving.

One example Grant shared was Enron's Kenneth Lay, who was at the center of one of the biggest corporate scandals in U.S. history. He hung around wherever he’d get seen or validated. He funded both Bush and Clinton, hedging his bets on who might win by securing proximity. Sadly, when Enron crumbled, he died of a heart attack before his prison sentencing.

Most people steer clear from takers because they are just exhausting. And takers often collapse under the weight of their own games.

But takers aren’t the lowest performers. That spot belongs to a certain kind of giver—the self-neglecting kind. The ones with no boundaries, no clarity, and no self-awareness. They give in to avoid conflict, to feel worthy, or because they don’t know how to say no. And when life breaks them, they point fingers.

Then there’s the other kind of giver. The ones who build trust and build people up without asking for a receipt.

These givers: 1. Give without expectation, from a place of purpose 2. Build and uplift others without seeking credit 3. Set boundaries and walk away when giving turns into draining

This group of givers rarely talk much about what they do for others. But when you hear about it or see it, it stays with you. It makes you want to show up a little better.

Why open source environments feels like home

The more I thought about it, the more I saw how deeply open source reflects that kind of giving that ends up right at the top.

In open source, you don’t last if it’s just about ego. You can’t fake it. There are no titles, no awards. You either show up to build and help, or you don’t.

People who give without needing to be seen are the ones the community leans on. You can tell when someone’s pretending to care. It’s in their tone, their urgency and their sense of transaction. The genuine ones don’t need to brand themselves as generous. They just are.

Open source works because giving is the default setting. The work speaks volumes and generosity compounds. The system filters for people who show up with purpose and stay consistent.

It’s also why the ones who whine, posture, or manipulate rarely last. They might call themselves givers, but they’re not fooling anyone who’s actually doing the work.

Adam Grant found that for giver cultures to thrive, takers have to be removed. They need to be pruned. Because takers poison the well. They drain givers, shift the culture from contribution to calculation, and unravel the trust that holds open systems together.

When hope boomerangs

That note is something I don’t remember writing. But it found its way back to me, and it was a good reminder to take my own advice and keep the faith.

And maybe that’s the point.

You do a small thing. And years later, it circles back when it matters most. Not because you expected it. But because you mattered.

According to Grant, givers do best when they combine generosity with grit and strategy. They create networks built on goodwill, which eventually open doors others don’t even know exist.

So if you’re wondering where I’m going with this, do something genuinely kind for someone today. Even if it’s as simple as sending a kind note. Not for you to be seen or heard. And not for you to keep scores.

But, just because.

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

lista #descentralismo #compilado #portugues

*Algumas destas listas ainda estão sendo trocadas, portanto as versões mais recentes delas só estão visíveis no Amethyst por causa da ferramenta de edição.

Clients do Nostr e Outras Coisas

nostr:naddr1qq245dz5tqe8w46swpphgmr4f3047s6629t45qg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4guxde6sl

---

Modelos de IA e Ferramentas

nostr:naddr1qq24xwtyt9v5wjzefe6523j32dy5ga65gagkjqgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4guk62czu

---

Iniciativas de Bitcoin

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqq2nvmn5va9x2nrxfd2k5smyf3ux7vesd9znyqxygt4

---

Profissionais Brasileiros no Nostr

nostr:naddr1qq24qmnkwe6y67zlxgc4sumrxpxxce3kf9fn2qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7q3q5hhygatg5gmjyfkkguqn54f9r6k8m5m6ksyqffgjrf3uut982sqsxpqqqp65wp8uedu

---

Comunidades em Português no Nostr

nostr:naddr1qq2hwcejv4ykgdf3v9gxykrxfdqk753jxcc4gqg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4gu455fm3

---

Grupos em Português no Nostr

nostr:nevent1qqs98kldepjmlxngupsyth40n0h5lw7z5ut5w4scvh27alc0w86tevcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygy7fff8g6l23gp5uqtuyqwkqvucx6mhe7r9h7v6wyzzj0v6lrztcspsgqqqqqqs3ndneh

---

Jogos de Código Aberto

Open Source Games nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqq2kvwp3v4hhvk2sw3j5sm6h23g5wkz5ddzhz8x40v0

---

Itens Úteis com Esquemas Disponíveis

nostr:naddr1qqgrqvp5vd3kycejxask2efcv4jr2qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4guc43v6c

---

Formatação de Texto em Markdown

(Amethyst, Yakihone e outros) nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqq2454m8dfzn26z4f34kvu6fw4rysnrjxfm42wfpe90

---

Outros Links

nostr:nevent1qqsrm6ywny5r7ajakpppp0lt525n0s33x6tyn6pz0n8ws8k2tqpqracpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygp6e5ns0nv3dun430jky25y4pku6ylz68rz6zs7khv29q6rj5peespsgqqqqqqsmfwa78

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ยังมีเรื่องราวของน้ำตาล และ เซลล์ มาคุยกันต่อนะครับ เพราะยังมีคนสงสัยอยู่ว่า เอ้ย ตกลงต้องห่วงการ Spike&Staylong ของอินซุลินอยู่หรือเปล่า แล้วถ้าเราไม่ spike&staylong ก็คือกินคาร์บเบาๆตลอดวันได้เลยใช่ไหมก็มันไม่ spike&staylong แล้วนี่ โอเคครับ เรามาเปิดผับกันอีกครั้ง

คราวก่อนนั้นเราคุยกันเรื่อง ผับน้ำตาลกันไปแล้วนะครับว่า เมื่ออินซูลิน spike สูง และค้างนาน เหมือนเปิดผับแล้ววัยรุ่นแห่กันเข้ามาเที่ยว จนพีอาร์เมาจัด

เผื่อใครจำไม่ได้ ย้อนให้นิดๆครับ ว่าให้ลองนึกภาพว่าเฮียเปิดผับอยู่ดี ๆ ลูกค้าหลั่งไหลเข้ามารัว ๆ เหมือนมีโปรเบียร์ 1 แถม 10 ตอนสามทุ่ม ทุกโต๊ะสั่งข้าวเหนียวหมูปิ้งพร้อมเบียร์น้ำแข็งเต็มโต๊ะ นักเที่ยวก็ยังแห่เข้าผับแบบไม่มีพัก อินซูลินซึ่งเป็นเหมือน “พีอาร์” ที่ต้องจัดการรับแขก (หรือรับน้ำตาลเข้าสู่เซลล์) ก็เลยต้องทำงานหนักแบบ non-stop

อินซูลินเป็นฮอร์โมนสำคัญที่ช่วยเอาน้ำตาลในเลือดเข้าไปเก็บในเซลล์ ถ้า spike ทีเดียวสูงมาก เซลล์ก็รีบดูดน้ำตาลเข้าไปเต็มที่จนเกินพิกัด เหมือนผับที่แน่นจนปิดประตูไม่ลง

ถ้าเหตุการณ์แบบนี้เกิดขึ้นบ่อย ๆ ร่างกายจะเริ่มรู้สึกว่า “ทำไมอินซูลินถึงต้องออกมาบ่อยขนาดนี้วะ?” ระบบก็เริ่มปิดรับแขก เซลล์เริ่มไม่อยากตอบสนอง เพราะมันเหนื่อย มันชิน และมันก็เริ่ม “ดื้ออินซูลิน”

ผลที่ตามมาเมื่อ spike สูงและค้าง สิ่งที่ตามมา... คือความปั่นป่วนในร่างกายอย่างต่อเนื่อง น้ำตาลลอยค้างในเลือด ไปจับกับโปรตีนจนกลายเป็นเจ้า AGEs ตัวร้าย ไขมันก็ถูกสร้างมากขึ้น ล้นเข้าไปสะสมในตับ ในพุง ในซอกที่ร่างกายไม่รู้จะเก็บไว้ตรงไหนแล้ว สมองก็เบลอ ใจวูบ ง่วงงุน... เหมือนเข้าเวรประชุมยาวแบบไม่มีกาแฟ ฮอร์โมนที่เคยเป็นทีมงานสามัคคี ก็เริ่มทะเลาะกันเอง อินซูลินงอน leptin งง ghrelin งวย

แล้วถ้าเราไม่ spike แต่กินคาร์บจุ๋มจิ๋มทั้งวันล่ะ? พอรู้ว่าการเปิดผับแจกคาร์บแบบจัดหนักไม่ดี หลายคนก็ปรับกลยุทธ์ใหม่ มาแนวสายสุขุมว่า “งั้นเปิดผับแบบเนิบ ๆ ก็แล้วกัน… ไม่จัดปาร์ตี้ใหญ่ แต่มีแขกแวะเข้ามาทั้งวัน” ฟังดูดีใช่ไหม? แต่เอาเข้าจริง มันเหนื่อยไม่แพ้กันเลย

ลองนึกภาพว่าประเทศไม่มีเคอร์ฟิว เฮียเปิดผับที่มีลูกค้าเดินเข้าออกไม่หยุด ไม่ได้มากันเป็นฝูงแบบรอบโปรโมชั่น แต่มาเรื่อย ๆ แบบชั่วโมงละโต๊ะ สองโต๊ะ พีอาร์ อินซูลิน ก็เลยต้องยืนต้อนรับแขกตลอดเวลา ไม่มีเวลานั่งพัก ไม่มีช่วงเปลี่ยนกะ ไม่มีเวลาปิดไฟเก็บโต๊ะ คือทำงานต่อเนื่องยาว ๆ ตั้งแต่ 8 โมงเช้า ยัน 8 โมงเช้า สุดท้าย ผับก็เปิดไฟยันสว่าง อินซูลินก็กลายเป็นพนักงานกะดึกตลอดชีพ และเมื่อไม่มีเวลา “พักผับ” ระบบหลังบ้านก็ไม่เคยได้ฟื้นฟูเลย

ภาพรวมของการกินจุ๋มจิ๋มทั้งวันแบบนี้นั้น - เผาผลาญไขมันไม่ออกเลย เพราะอินซูลินทำหน้าที่เหมือนไฟบนเวที ถ้ายังเปิดไฟอยู่ “เครื่องดูดไขมันหลังร้าน” มันก็ไม่ทำงาน - แม่บ้านทำความสะอาดก็เข้าไม่ได้ เพราะแขกเดินเข้าเดินออกตลอด ระบบกำจัดที่ควรจะได้ล้างของเสียในเซลล์ ก็เลยโดนขัดจังหวะตลอด - พนักงานเหนื่อยสะสมจากงานไม่มีหยุด ทำให้เกิดความเครียดสะสมในร่างกาย ฮอร์โมนรวน อารมณ์ก็แปรปรวนง่ายขึ้น หิวเก่งขึ้น ทั้งที่เพิ่งกินไป

เปิดผับแบบคึกคักจัดเต็มทีเดียว แล้วปิดยาว หรือ เปิดทั้งวันแบบไม่มีช่วงปิด สุดท้ายพังทั้งคู่

ทีนี้เราน่าจะพอเห็นภาพร่างคร่าวๆ ของการบริหารการจัดการน้ำตาลในตัวเราได้แล้วนะครับ ว่าจะไดเอทไหนก็ตาม การบริหารการจัดการฮอร์โมนส์ คือสิ่งสำคัญไม่แพ้เรื่องอื่นๆ แม้จะไม่ใช่เรื่องสำคัญที่สุดในสายตาใครก็ตาม

นี่เป็นเพียงจุดเริ่มต้นการเรียนรู้เล็กๆ ซึ่งเส้นทางสายที่เรียกว่า ร่างกาย มันยังไปไกลอีกลิบลับเลยครับ ไม่ว่าจะจังหวัดคอติซอล จังหวัดพฤกษเคมี จังหวัดพลังงาน จังหวัดสารอาหาร แถมลักษณะร่างกายแต่ละคน ก็เปรียบเหมือนรถต่างยี่ห้อ ต่างน้ำมันขับเคลื่อน ต่างซีซี หรือแม้ว่าจะเหมือนกัน ก็ยังต่างปี ต่างไมล์การขับขี่

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Rethink (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and tap Skip
3. Tap Start and then Proceed to set up the VPN connection
4. Allow notifications and Proceed, then disable battery optimization for this app (you may need to set it to Unrestricted)
5. Navigate to Configure and tap Apps
6. On the top bar, tap 🛜 and 📶 to block all apps from connecting to the internet
7. Search Apps for the apps you want to allow and Bypass Universal
8. Return to the Configure view and tap DNS, then choose your preferred DNS provider (e.g. DNSCrypt > Quad9)
9. Optionally, tap On-Device Blocklists, then Disabled, Download Blocklists, and later Configure (you may need to enable the Use In-App Downloader option if the download is not working)
10. Return to the Configure view and tap Firewall, then Universal Firewall Rules and enable the options as desired:
    • Block all apps when device is locked
    • Block newly installed apps by default
    • Block when DNS is bypassed
11. Optionally, to set up WireGuard or Tor, return to the Configure view and tap Proxy
    • For Tor, tap Setup Orbot, then optionally select all the apps that should route through Tor (you must have Orbot installed)
    • For WireGuard, tap Setup WireGuard, then +, and select an option to import a WireGuard configuration (QR Code Scan, File Import, or Creation).
      • Use Simple Mode for a single WireGuard connection (all apps are routed through it).
      • Use Advanced Mode for multiple WireGuard connections (split tunnel, manually choosing apps to route through them)

⚠️ Use this app only if you know what you are doing, as misconfiguration can lead to missing notifications and other problems

ℹ️ On the main view, tap Logs to track all connections

ℹ️ You can also use a WireGuard connection (e.g., from your VPN provider) and on-device blocklists together

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

lists #descentralismo #compilation #english

*The last list was updated in Amethyst, so the update of this one will only be visible in Amethyst.

nostr:naddr1qq245dz5tqe8w46swpphgmr4f3047s6629t45qg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4guxde6sl

---

AI

nostr:naddr1qq24xwtyt9v5wjzefe6523j32dy5ga65gagkjqgawaehxw309ahx7um5wghxy6t5vdhkjmn9wgh8xmmrd9skctczyzj7u3r4dz3rwg3x6erszwj4y502clwn026qsp99zgdx8n3v5a2qzqcyqqq823c8mw5zk

---

FOSS GAME

nostr:naddr1qq2kvwp3v4hhvk2sw3j5sm6h23g5wkz5ddzhzqg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4gut57qtr

---

OSHW - Open Source Hardware

nostr:naddr1qqgrqvp5vd3kycejxask2efcv4jr2qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqr4guc43v6c

---

Markdown Uses for Some Clients

nostr:nevent1qqsv54qfgtme38r2tl9v6ghwfj09gdjukealstkzc77mwujr56tgfwsppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgsq37tg2603tu0cqdrxs30e2n5t8p87uenf4fvfepdcvr7nllje5zgrqsqqqqqpkdvta4

---

Other Links

nostr:nevent1qqsrm6ywny5r7ajakpppp0lt525n0s33x6tyn6pz0n8ws8k2tqpqracpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygp6e5ns0nv3dun430jky25y4pku6ylz68rz6zs7khv29q6rj5peespsgqqqqqqsmfwa78

@ efe5d120:1fc51981

It’s not big government programs or powerful institutions that make a society strong. It’s something much simpler: everyday people trading and working together.

Think about the local hardware store owner. He helps his neighbors, gives people jobs, and provides useful tools. But when the government taxes him too much to fund its programs, it takes away money he could have used to hire someone or visit his family. That hurts both him and the people around him.

This happens all over. Small business owners, tradesmen, inventors and entrepreneurs are the ones who really build up a society. They create value by trading things people want, and both sides benefit. Free trade gives people more choices and helps them live better lives.

But from a young age, we’re told to obey authority without question. We’re taught that without rulers, there would be chaos. But what if that’s not true?

Look around the world: even when governments try to control trade, people still find ways to work together and exchange goods. It’s natural. People want to cooperate and help each other—especially when they’re free to do so.

Here’s the hard truth: if someone can take your money, control your property, and punish you without your agreement, isn’t that a kind of control—or even servitude?

True prosperity doesn’t come from the top down. It comes from people freely working together—farmers, builders, cooks, coders—offering their skills to others who need them.

When trade is free, people do well. When it’s blocked by too many rules or taxes, everyone loses—especially the ones who need help the most.

The answer isn’t more laws or more control. It’s more freedom. Next time someone says we need more government to fix things, ask yourself: wouldn’t free people solve those problems better on their own?

Real civilization isn’t about being ruled. It’s about choosing to work together, trade fairly, and respect each other’s rights. That’s not chaos—that’s freedom.

@ 58537364:705b4b85

“พระอาจารย์คะ หนูไม่ได้อะไรนะคะ ก็ในเมื่อพระพุทธศาสนามีแก่นคำสอนอยู่แล้ว ถ้าหนูคิดว่าควรจะลดพวกวัด หรืออะไรต่างๆ ลง นี่เป็นบาปมั้ยคะ?”

“เจริญพร ตอนหนูกินกล้วยนี่กินเปลือกหรือกินผลกล้วย ?” ”กินผลกล้วยค่ะ” “เหรอ…แล้วก่อนจะกินกล้วยหนูต้องปอกก่อนมั้ย ?” เด็กสาวหน้าตาสะอาดสะอ้าน พยักหน้าหงึก~

“ปอกทำไมล่ะ?” “ก็เปลือกมันกินไม่ได้หนิคะ” “อ๋อ…อย่างนั้นเปลือกก็ไม่มีประโยชน์เลยใช่มั้ย?” เธอส่ายหน้า

ผู้เขียนบรรยายต่อ “เพราะจริงๆ แล้วเปลือกก็มีประโยชน์ มันมีไว้เพื่อรักษาผลกล้วยเอาไว้…เปลือกทุเรียน เปลือกขนุนก็เช่นกัน ลองคิดดูสิ ถ้าเปลือกอันไหนปอกยากๆ มันก็มักจะรักษาเนื้อในไว้ได้ดี และเนื้อในก็อร่อยด้วย…”

“…เราจะกินเนื้อข้างใน ต้องก็ไม่สับสนไปกินเปลือก หรือกินแต่เปลือกแล้วทิ้งเนื้อ นี่ก็ไม่ใช่ หน้าที่เราคือการรู้ว่าอะไรคือเปลือก อะไรคือเนื้อ แล้วต้องรู้จักวิธีปอกด้วย”

“พระอาจารย์ยอมรับตามตรงเลยนะว่า ส่วนตัวไม่ได้ชอบการก่อสร้าง การประดับตกแต่ง หรือพิธีกรรมพวกนี้อะไรเท่าไหร่ แต่ก็เข้าใจได้ บางคนชอบทำ เพราะเขาว่ามันมีประโยชน์ ก็ถูกของเขา เราแค่อย่าไปชวนทะเลาะ…”

“…มันเป็นเรื่องที่เราต้องปอกให้เป็น ไม่หลงไปกินเปลือกเสียเอง แต่ก็ต้องค่อยๆ หาจังหวะพาให้เขาเข้าใจและระวังไม่ทิ้งเนื้อในออกไปด้วย…”

…ยกตัวอย่างเช่น ‘การกราบ’ พระอาจารย์ไม่ได้ซีเรียสนะว่าพวกเราจะกราบพระอาจารย์หรือเปล่า ไม่บังคับ”

“…พระอาจารย์อ่านพระสูตรแล้วมาวิเคราะห์ พบว่าในสมัยพุทธกาล ตอนพระพุทธเจ้าแสดงธรรม มีคนเข้ามาฟังเยอะมาก บางคนเข้ามาแล้วกราบ บางคนแค่พนมมือ บางคนไม่กราบ นั่งพรวดเลย บางคนก็เดินผ่านไป ไม่เข้ามาฟังเลยก็มี”

“…ส่วนตอนกลับออกไป ก็มีหลากหลายแบบเช่นกัน เลยจินตนาการว่า บางคนที่ศรัทธามาแล้วยังศรัทธาอยู่ก็มี ฟังแล้วเปลี่ยนไปไม่ศรัทธาก็มี บางคนไม่ศรัทธาก่อนฟังแต่เปลี่ยนตอนหลังก็มี ไม่เปลี่ยนใจก็มี มันแตกต่างหลากหลายมาก นี่ขนาดสมัยพระพุทธเจ้านะ”

“…แต่เราต้องถามว่า “การกราบ” ให้อะไรเรา พระอาจารย์เพิ่งจะได้มากราบก็ตอนบวชเนี่ยแหละ กราบมาตลอด ๑๔ ปี แรกๆ ก็ทำตามๆ ไป”

“…แต่หลังๆ เริ่มเข้าใจ เริ่มเห็นว่าการกราบนี่เป็นการฝึกตนเองให้ลดมานะละทิฏฐิ รู้จักกาลเทศะ อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน”

“…แล้วตอนที่มีใครมากราบพระอาจารย์ พระอาจารย์อยากจะสอน อยากจะคุยกับเขามากกว่าคนที่ไม่กราบ มันดูเก้ๆ กังๆ ไม่รู้ว่าเขาเป็นยังไง ทำทีนิ่งๆ ไว้ก่อนดีกว่า”

“…แล้วหนูคิดว่าบางคนกราบๆ ไปแบบไม่รู้ความหมาย มีมั้ย?” เด็กน้อยพยักหน้า

“ใช่มั้ย…พระอาจารย์เลยคิดว่า การกราบก็ดี พิธีกรรมก็ดี วัดวาอารามก็ดี ไม่ใช่เนื้อหาสูงสุด ไม่ใช่แก่น แต่มันก็มีความหมาย พาให้เราเข้าถึงประโยชน์ที่สูงสุดที่อยู่ซ่อนในนั้น เป็นหน้าที่ที่เราต้องทำความเข้าใจ หากเราอยากจะเข้าใจมัน”

“พระอาจารย์เชื่อมั่นว่า ศาสนาที่แท้ไม่ได้อยู่ในวัตถุ สิ่งของ เพราะไม่เช่นนั้นแล้ว ‘บูโรพุทโธ’ ที่เป็นศาสนสถานที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก มีเจดีย์ละลานตา จะต้องมีพระ มีชาวพุทธจำนวนมากตามกัน แต่เดี๋ยวนี้เป็นอย่างไรบ้าง? รู้มั้ย?“ เด็กน้อยส่ายหน้า

“…ตอนนี้ เป็นเพียงสถานที่ท่องเที่ยว ไม่มีพระอยู่อาศัยแล้ว”

“…ที่หนูว่าจะลดวัดต่างๆ ลง นี่หนูคิดว่าจะเอาไปทำอะไรเหรอ?” “คืออย่างเอาไปเป็นสวนสาธารณะอย่างเนี่ยน่ะค่ะ”

“ดีนะ…เข้าท่า พระอาจารย์ชอบ คนอื่นจะได้มาใช้กันเยอะๆ มีต้นไม้ มีสัตว์ต่างๆ ด้วย ทุกคนจะได้สบายใจ” เด็กน้อยตาวาว

“แต่เราสามารถทำให้วัดมีต้นไม้เยอะๆ ได้มั้ยล่ะ ทำวัดให้เหมือนสวนสาธารณะไง ไอเดียดีมั้ย?” รอยยิ้มเด็กน้อยผุดขึ้น

“…ซึ่งถึงแม้พระอาจารย์ไม่อยากให้เราติดอยู่ที่วัตถุหรือรูปแบบพิธีกรรมขนาดไหน พระอาจารย์ก็เห็นประโยชน์ของมันอยู่นะ หนูดูนั่นสิ !”

ปลายนิ้วชี้ไปที่ ‘กล่องไม้แกะสลัก’ เด็กๆ ทั้งห้องหันหน้าไปมองเป็นตาเดียว

“…กล่องนี้อาจจะเป็นกล่องไม้ธรรมดาๆ ไม่มีค่าอะไร แต่พอแกะสลักปุ๊บ ดูมีค่าขึ้นมาทันทีเลย ดูแตกต่างจากกล่องอื่นๆ ช่างที่ทำก็ต้องมีฝีมือ มีเวลา ทุ่มเทเอาใจใส่กว่าจะเกิดผลงานเช่นนี้ขึ้น

“…ถ้ามีกล่องไม้หลายๆ กล่อง แล้วจะต้องเลือกเก็บไว้สักหนึ่งอัน กล่องนี้คงเป็นกล่องแรกๆ ที่ถูกเลือกก่อน

“…นี่เรียกว่า ‘คุณค่าของความสวยงาม’ พวกโบสถ์ เจดีย์ สถานที่สวยๆ งามๆ คนก็จะมาดูแลรักษาก่อน ทำความสะอาด เก็บรักษาการใช้งานที่จะเกิดขึ้นภายในอาคารเหล่านั้น พระอาจารย์เดาว่า แรกเริ่มเดิมทีธรรมเนียมนิยมในการสร้างวัดต่างๆ ให้สวยงาม คงเป็นแบบนี้”

“อีกนิดนะ เรื่องบุญหรือบาป ชวนหนูทำความเข้าใจความหมายก่อน บุญ แปลว่า การชำระใจให้สะอาด บาป แปลว่า การทำให้จิตใจตกต่ำ เศร้าหมอง”

“การที่หนูอยากจะทำสวนสาธารณะ นี่บุญหรือบาป?” “บุญค่ะ”

“ถ้าหนูรู้สึกรำคาญ อยากจะทุบวัดให้หมดๆ ไป นี่บุญหรือบาป?” “บาปค่ะ”

“แล้วถ้าหนูกราบด้วยความเข้าใจ อยากจะฝึกตนเองให้อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน พร้อมรับฟังธรรมะจากพระ นี่บุญหรือบาป?” “บุญค่ะ”

“การที่หนูกราบแบบขอไปที หลงๆ ลืมๆ ทำตามเพื่อนๆ ไป นี่บุญหรือบาป?” เด็กน้อยนิ่ง เหลือบตามองบน

“ยังไม่ชัดใช่มั้ย?” “ค่ะ“ เธอพยักหน้าแรง

“งั้นพระอาจารย์ก็ฝากหนูสังเกต ‘ใจ’ ตัวเองนะ ว่ามันเป็นยังไง บุญหรือบาป สะอาดหรือตกต่ำ ไม่ใช่แค่การกราบ แต่เป็นทุกๆ การกระทำ คำพูด และความคิดเลย”

“นี่พระอาจารย์ พอจะตอบคำถามหนูได้กี่เปอร์เซ็นต์?” “ร้อยเปอร์เซ็นต์ค่ะ” “เหรอ…โอเค ขอบคุณมากค่ะสำหรับคำถาม”

เด็กๆ พากันกราบแล้วเดินออกจากศาลาไป ผู้เขียนอาศัย “ตีเหล็กตอนร้อน” พิจารณาชื่นชมคำถามและคำตอบเมื่อสักครู่

คำถามของเด็กน้อยคนนี้ ไม่ใช่เด็กๆ เลย คำถามเธอเป็น ‘ผู้ใหญ่’ มากกว่าผู้ใหญ่หลายคนที่เคยถามมาเสียอีก

มันทั้งความคมคาย ละเอียดและมีชั้นเชิง น้ำเสียงชัดเจน มั่นใจ เลือกแสดงออกอย่างกล้าหาญพร้อมไปกับเจือความนอบน้อมอยู่ในที ถามได้ตรงประเด็น เกิดประโยชน์ สร้างรอยหยักในสมองให้ทั้งผู้ถูกถามและผู้ร่วมฟัง

ระหว่างฟัง เธอมองหน้าและคิดตาม มีปฏิกิริยาตอบสนอง ช่วยให้เกิดการร่วมเรียนรู้ไปด้วยกัน เป็นผู้ฟังที่ดีไม่ชัดจังหวะ และที่สำคัญรอยยิ้มและแววตาของเธอได้กระจายไปให้กำลังใจเพื่อนๆ ในห้องด้วย

และนี่ มันทำให้ผู้ตอบ รู้สึกดี ภูมิใจที่ได้มานั่งอยู่ตรงนี้ ในวันนี้ เวลานี้

ดีใจจริงๆ ที่ยังมีเด็กที่มีจิตใจที่งดงาม คิดถึงธรรมชาติ และคิดทำประโยชน์สุขให้ผู้อื่นอยู่ แถมเธอยังรู้และสนใจใน “พุทธะ” ที่เป็นแก่นสารสาระที่แท้จริงอีกด้วย

“มันน่าภูมิใจจริงๆ ที่ได้รับรู้ว่าธรรมะกำลังเคลื่อนไปสู่คนรุ่นหลัง จริงมั้ยครับ?”

ผู้เขียนไม่ได้ถามใคร ได้แต่หันไปมองรูปปั้นหินอ่อนลักษณะคล้ายคนที่วางไว้ข้างหลัง น้อมระลึกถึงคุณของพระพุทธองค์ ผู้เป็นบรมครู ไม่เสื่อมคลาย

อาศรมขันติสาร บ้านไม้ที่เขาเรียกกุฏิ ๑๕ มิถุนายน ๒๕๖๖ แหล่งที่มา #Phramaha Fookij Jutipanyo

@ 6fc114c7:8f4b1405

Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

Why Trust Crypt Recver? 🤝 🛠️ Expert Recovery Solutions At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:

Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats You’re not just getting a service; you’re gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.

🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.

💻 Advanced Technology Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈 Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases. Transaction Recovery: Mistakes happen — whether it’s an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery. Cold Wallet Restoration: If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet. Private Key Generation: Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy. ⚠️ What We Don’t Do While we can handle many scenarios, some limitations exist. For instance, we cannot recover funds stored in custodial wallets or cases where there is a complete loss of four or more seed words without partial information available. We are transparent about what’s possible, so you know what to expect

Don’t Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back! Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC — nearly 20% of the total supply — are estimated to be permanently lost? Don’t become part of that statistic! Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges

🛡️ Real-Time Dust Attack Protection Our services extend beyond recovery. We offer dust attack protection, keeping your activity anonymous and your funds secure, shielding your identity from unwanted tracking, ransomware, and phishing attempts.

🎉 Start Your Recovery Journey Today! Ready to reclaim your lost crypto? Don’t wait until it’s too late! 👉 cryptrecver.com

📞 Need Immediate Assistance? Connect with Us! For real-time support or questions, reach out to our dedicated team on: ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Crypt Recver is your trusted partner in cryptocurrency recovery. Let us turn your challenges into victories. Don’t hesitate — your crypto future starts now! 🚀✨

Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

# Why Trust Crypt Recver? 🤝

🛠️ Expert Recovery Solutions\ At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:

• Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases
• Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses
• Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets
• Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats

You’re not just getting a service; you’re gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.

🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery\ We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority\ Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.

💻 Advanced Technology\ Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈

• Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases.
• Transaction Recovery: Mistakes happen — whether it’s an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery.
• Cold Wallet Restoration: If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet.
• Private Key Generation: Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy.

⚠️ What We Don’t Do\ While we can handle many scenarios, some limitations exist. For instance, we cannot recover funds stored in custodial wallets or cases where there is a complete loss of four or more seed words without partial information available. We are transparent about what’s possible, so you know what to expect

# Don’t Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back!

Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC — nearly 20% of the total supply — are estimated to be permanently lost? Don’t become part of that statistic! Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges

🛡️ Real-Time Dust Attack Protection\ Our services extend beyond recovery. We offer dust attack protection, keeping your activity anonymous and your funds secure, shielding your identity from unwanted tracking, ransomware, and phishing attempts.

🎉 Start Your Recovery Journey Today!\ Ready to reclaim your lost crypto? Don’t wait until it’s too late!\ 👉 cryptrecver.com

📞 Need Immediate Assistance? Connect with Us!\ For real-time support or questions, reach out to our dedicated team on:\ ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver\ 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Crypt Recver is your trusted partner in cryptocurrency recovery. Let us turn your challenges into victories. Don’t hesitate — your crypto future starts now! 🚀✨

Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

My Actifit Report Card: May 14 2025

After about two months of going easy, I finally got back to a light jog for 15 minutes. Hurt my knee then (and the hurt lingered), but happy to try again. Need to slowly strengthen now. Random pic of a vase of birds from this weekend. This report was published via Actifit app (https://bit.ly/actifit-app | https://bit.ly/actifit-ios). Check out the original version https://actifit.io/@crrdlx/actifit-crrdlx-20250514t221316977z 14/05/2025 6035 Cycling, Jogging

Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@crrdlx/actifit-crrdlx-20250514t221316977z

Auto cross-post via Hostr bridge v0.1.0 at https://hostr-home.vercel.app

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

Writing about writing, that's what I'm doing today. A couple months in, trying to make writing on Nostr a regular part of my routine has been both interesting and enlightening. This Spatia Nostra blog started as passion project of unknown intention, beginning with an attempt to fill a glaring educational void... but creating these resources has also served as my own schooling. I've learned that everything works well sometimes but nothing works well all the time. Given that Nostr development, as a whole, is akin to stray cats herding chickens, in hopes that they will trample out 100 fires, this was not an unexpected experience. Beyond a few painful days when nothing would work, its actually gone smoother that I expected. The state of reading and writing tools is yet in major flux. Some are way behind but still work, others are in active development... which has its own set of pros and cons. I've read in notes, that the Primal team is currently riding their white stallions (across a beach, no less) to deliver the writing tools that save will save the day. There is no single solution to a multi-faceted problem, though, so writing is no different than search problems or spam problems, in that regard. I have no doubt that whatever they deliver will be functional and suitable for their readers and writers , but ultimately there needs to be many Nostr tools available for many different styles of author and many ways for readers to uptake their works. There might be value in sharing some of my insights, for anyone looking to write natively to Nostr or for anyone who may be building writing and reading related tools, so that is my aim here today. (With hope that most of this piece will become outdated sooner rather than later.) For the sake of not turning this into a multi-client review, because its already going to be really long, I will direct anyone who wants to dive right in to writing on Nostr here .

Where to begin:

Right now, there is no easy way to see which client was used to write a piece. There are exceptions, of course, and there are things I have not tried or cannot use due to my hardware, so I can't say that this rings true across the broader view of Nostr. If we assume that most people are introduced to Nostr through the microblogging/social media gateways, then they are likely introduced to longer Nostr content through their follow feed, either by a client that nicely displays these publications as standalone items or by authors and readers referencing a piece within a typical note (Kind 1, for all us Nostr nerds). As with the writing tools themselves, I know that support for advertising which client was used to create an event is rolling out with varying perceptions of its importance. In the interem, Nostr has the benefit of a wildly passionate user-base to fill these gaps. Oftentimes, the author themselves are willing to share which client was used to write a piece. If not, someone will almost surely be able and willing to answer. As the ecosystem grows, I imagine that it will suffer the same problem as every other human-occupied spaces... the more people there are, the less likely they are to talk to each other. Nostr makes it incredibly easy to reduce those types of negative social impacts, but I can still easily envision a situation in which the aspirational writer finds their calling from a piece written by a popular big-name writer, where the reply sections tend to become too noisy to find answers. To alleviate this, client tags are an obvious mitigation. I would love to see all major social/microblogging clients build in support for that one day, so that anyone new to Nostr can easily figure out where to begin.

Writing:

Oof, yeah... This is where things start to branch out into the wild and weird world that we all love so much. Prior to this 2-month stint ( which I have every intention of continuing), I had only written a couple of long notes, one wiki entry, and a few recipes. No hitches whatsoever. I have found now, that the more frequently I attempt to write, the more interesting problems I encounter... But sometimes it all works so silky, smoothly that it becomes a sensational, powerful experience where one can see just how much potential Nostr has to revolutionize the way we exchange information, with ourselves, our friends and the world.

When everything, or at least most things, are working well, its amazing. You can send yourself nostr events through messaging clients on mobile to access and reference from a web client later, with many of the different Nostr messaging apps. Not all messaging apps perform in the same way, so before you go confusing yourself, send a test message or two to see if your messaging app handles the 'note to self' concept in a way that makes sense to you. This might sound a little bit janky, but it's really just a simple way of creating notes for yourself. Having some quick thoughts that you don't want to lose while your on the go, so you can build upon them later, is another strong use aside from gathering reference materials. I like this method because nothing is so good at organizing my thoughts than my own brain. If you prefer to use a note taking app, there are some out there that have integrated Nostr features so that you can maintain your usual workflow while benefitting from Nostr's ubiquity. Once You have your basis, you know when its time to write. You have a few solid choices that all have the same basic functions, with a slightly different feel and interface, and slightly different additional features. You can find the one you like, bang out your thoughts, and use the others to tweak and adjust things. Because... Nostr, the reading side will always be somewhat variable, so you'll likely want to proof your own writing a few times, in a few clients, that you believe your readers will be using the most.

Everything Works!

For me, the amazing Nostr writing experience looks something like this:

I send myself some notes and thoughts on a multi-device messaging app. I visit my favorite publishing app for the majority of my writing because I like the thoughtful, quiet design. I can then jump to another and add tags, because I forgot to do that. It also has the best editing experience, so I can fix my damn typos while I'm there. Later on, I realize that maybe part of the revenue should go to the person who inspired my thoughts, so I visit a different client, initiate an edit, and add a revenue split to the post. Once I'm done, it looks amazing, and I want to check that it looks amazing in the places that I think my readers might see it, as well. I check through a few mobile social clients. Native display looks great, formatted neatly enough to call it a piece, with all referenced Nostr events displayed in pretty purple letters and linking to their naddr as intended. In posts that reference events, it links up great and takes me to a reading client intended to manage walls of text. Nice. All the while, I'm keeping in my mind that my work, should I or anyone else deem it worthy of longevity, is being stored across multiple relays, including my own rented relay (I should really set something up at home, I'll get there eventually). These thoughts are out there and they have the potential to stay there, wherever "there" may be. I don't have to worry about them being taken down or becoming unavailable because at least one of these many relays will be up and keeping my notes at any given moment, and the more my readers interact, the more sticky and distributed my work becomes. It'd be pretty rare for a controversial piece to come out of these fingertips, but its not impossible. I find a lot of peace in that, more predominately as the reader than the writer.

Nothing Works!

Unfortunately, this is not always the outcome of writing on Nostr regularly (Honestly, everything has its problems. This is not unique to Nostr). The more frequently you do something, the more likely you are to come across flaws and temporary issues or outages. So... the other side of this coin looks something like this:

I find a few things that I would like to reference in articles, I message them to myself. Unfortunately, the massages, though sent to myself, by myself, show up as recieved as sent by the authors of the notes I want to reference. Its not a big deal, I can sort that out but they easily become lost among all the other messages that I send and receive in between. It's a bit inconvenient but it still works. Thoughts to myself still work just fine. I sit down to write and my preferred client isn't recognizing my signing extension. Why? It worked yesterday. No matter, lets hop over to a different client, sign in, and ... nothing. Its recognizing my key but its not loading anything beyond an npub. Maybe its still working? I try writing... it looks like its working but upon publishing, nothing. No error, no loaders, my text just sits in the editor. Copy. Move to another client. Sign in, paste. adjust all the stuff because this one doesn't recognize the markdown links. I need to use their built-in tools for this (I know this from a previous day of some things working). Okay, this is great. Publish. At which point the text disappears and no note show up... hmm... its not connecting to any relays. I wish there was a way to check that before I had started. My clipboard is empty now because I wiped it clean while editing all the links. Hmm... One more try because I'm no quitter (to the point of detriment sometimes). Last try. Sign in, looks good. I half -ass rewrite my lost piece and attempt to publish and I am met with the infinite loading icon. I can't save my draft or publish. Smarter this time, I leave the text there, copy it to a local document, just in case, and quit for the day. The next day, I go back to this with a new client name I came across. It seems to work, its lacking some important features but that's ok. When the other editors are having better days, I can go back to edit tags and titles. Publish... Success! Or so I thought. I go around to do my checks, the event is no where to be found except in the client that was used to publish it. I copy the note ID from there and search around. Everything tells me: error, the event string is too short. I call it a wash. Over the next few days, the presence of that post comes and goes. Eventually it just stops showing up anywhere. Another new editor arrives, and once I figured out this stupid (me) signer issue that I was having, I republish that piece.

Things work, just not all at once...

Because of my own ignorance and because I think there is still value in interfacing with the outside-nostr world, for now I've opted keep publishing to both legacy web and Nostr. It acts as my fallback but also a little island of Nostr information. One day, I'll quit doing that but I'm not there yet. Nor are the tools that I would like to use in order to do so. That's okay, it's been incredible to witness the coordination amongst the chaos while the ecosystem gets fleshed out to something that can replace all of that. Everyday, I'm looking for ways to realistically help this process along and sometimes the best I can do is simply be willing to endure the mess while everything comes together. As I said at the beginning, this are just my insights and experiences. Most days are a happy middle between these two extremes. Writing on Nostr has huge potential to change the landscape of digital information and I will continue doing whatever the hell it is that at do so that it can be ready for the people who may really need it.

Reading...

Nah. Another day, maybe.

Find a list of Nostr writing tools here .

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

Clients:

https://untype.app

https://habla.news

https://yakihonne.com

https://cypher.space

https://highlighter.com

Plug Ins:

https://github.com/jamesmagoo/nostr-writer

Content Tagging:

https://labelmachine.org

https://ontolo.social

Blog-like Display and Personal Pages:

https://orocolo.me

https://npub.pro

Personal Notes and Messaging:

https://app.flotilla.social There's an app, too!

https://nosbin.com

RSS Readers:

https://nostrapps.com/noflux

https://nostrapps.com/narr

https://nostrapps.com/feeder

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Tortoise test 2

Tortoise title And a subtitle https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/hostr/23vsBdQma3chpbmdYd6M3yBdn5teaCsbPHhWLcKKEyLjcaw1r7Ae1vdUvVg4y8yfaTcT7.png In a sunny meadow, Tucker the tortoise trudged with steady steps. His shell gleamed under the noon sun. Each day, he roamed, seeking sweet clover. One spring, a flood trapped his friends. Tucker, calm and strong, carried them to high ground. By dusk, all were safe. His quiet resolve united the meadow, their cheers a soft hum. Tucker’s slow pace became a tale of grit in every blade of grass. Character count: 349

Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@hostr/tortoise-test-2

Auto cross-post via Hostr bridge v0.0.26 at https://hostr-home.vercel.app

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Tortoise test from Hive

Tortoise title And a subtitle https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/hostr/23vsBdQma3chpbmdYd6M3yBdn5teaCsbPHhWLcKKEyLjcaw1r7Ae1vdUvVg4y8yfaTcT7.png In a sunny meadow, Tucker the tortoise trudged with steady steps. His shell gleamed under the noon sun. Each day, he roamed, seeking sweet clover. One spring, a flood trapped his friends. Tucker, calm and strong, carried them to high ground. By dusk, all were safe. His quiet resolve united the meadow, their cheers a soft hum. Tucker’s slow pace became a tale of grit in every blade of grass. Character count: 349

Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@hostr/tortoise-test-from-hive

Auto cross-post via Hostr bridge v0.0.26 at https://hostr-home.vercel.app

@ c9badfea:610f861a

• 🔒 Store Passwords Safely
• 🗺️ Use Offline Maps
• 🎵 Produce Music On-Device
• 💾 Write ISO Images to USB Drives
• 💻 Code On-Device
• 🎬 Watch and Download Videos from YouTube, Rumble, Odysee, Bitchute, and More
• 🔤 Upgrade the Typing Experience
• 📰 Read RSS Feeds
• 📥 Download Torrents
• 📺 Watch IPTV Channels for Free
• 🔒 Easily Verify File Checksums
• 🗣️ Have an Offline Translator
• 🗣️ Have an Offline Text-to-Speech Engine
• 🤖 Run LLMs Locally
• 🌐 Browse Entire Websites Offline
• 🔐 Quickly Encrypt Files

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Why Nostr Today Feels Like Bitcoin In 2012: An Interview With Vitor Pamplona

I recently sat down with Vitor Pomplona, creator of Nostr client Amethyst, to discuss how Nostr in 2025 is a lot like what Bitcoin was like in 2012 — a bit rough around the edges, but exciting to use.

Nostr, a decentralized protocol for social media and other forms of communication, is only four years old, and developers are still figuring out how to create the best possible user experience within the clients they’ve created. These clients include apps like Primal (which is comparable to X) to Olas (which is like Instagram) to Yakihonne (which is similar to Substack).

What’s unique about Nostr clients, though, is that users can “zap” (send small amounts of) bitcoin to one another to show appreciation for the content their fellow users have created.

And Pomplona is optimistic that more and more Nostr clients are starting to gain traction, just as Bitcoin began to do so 13 years ago.

“We are starting to see communities being formed and more money being transferred,” Pamplona told Bitcoin Magazine in the interview.

A Bitcoin-Fueled Creator Economy

Pomplona acknowledged that part of the purpose of social media is to enable means for users to monetize what they create in ways that they can’t do in their physical environment.

“[Some social media] users want to earn a living,” said Pomplona. “They have hope that they can achieve more with social media than they can alone or in their cities.”

Pamplona believes that Nostr clients can help transform that hope into a reality, and it’s his mission to help users do this.

“That is our end goal: If we can get creators to the point where they can earn a living, we will win as a platform.”

This potential for users to earn a living with Nostr becomes greater everyday, especially as the Nostr user base expands and it continues to grow as the largest bitcoin circular economy in the world.

Amethyst

In creating Amethyst, Pamplona had a vision for a Nostr client that served as an all-in-one app, which was inspired by a plan similar to the one that Elon Musk had for X (formerly Twitter).

“Amethyst came in at the same time that Elon was talking about buying Twitter,” explained Pomplona. “He was like let’s make a mega app out of Twitter, and I went for the same thing.”

While Pomplona understands that Amethyst didn’t quite achieve this, he’s excited that it’s come to play a different role. It serves as a lab for people who are developing new Nostr clients.

“Amethyst is helping everybody kickstart their own applications,” he said. “Olas came from Amethyst.”

Nostr As A Bitcoin Onboarding Tool

Pomplona sees Nostr as a great way to onboard people to Bitcoin, though he doesn’t think this should be the primary goal of Nostr clients.

“The main goal for [Nostr] apps is to get people to do their thing — to get people to be creative, or to talk to their friends or to have a chat with their family,” explained Pomplona.

“No app should ever talk about either Nostr or Bitcoin. They should just be what they are,” he added.

Pamplona believes that, after some time, the app’s users will inevitably start to learn about Nostr’s self-sovereignty Nostr provides when it comes to users being able to control their own data and about Bitcoin.

“[They’ll realize that] it just so happens that the platform helps them to manage their own data, and use best payment protocol we have today.”

And he highlighted that most new users are coming to Nostr because of the freedom and censorship resistance it offers.

“In the past two years, most of the new Nostr users came in because of freedom, because of some censorship in their country,” said Pomplona. “And they learned about Bitcoin after that.”

This post Why Nostr Today Feels Like Bitcoin In 2012: An Interview With Vitor Pamplona first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Frank Corva.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install KeePassDX (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app, tap Create New Vault, and choose a location to store the database file
3. Activate the Password slider
4. Type a Password and Confirm Password, then tap OK
5. Tap + and Add Entry to add your first credentials
6. Enter a Title, Username, and Password (you can also generate a password here)
7. Tap ✓ at the bottom to create the entry
8. Tap ⋮ and then Save Data to save the database
9. Tap 🔒 to lock the database

⚠️ Make sure you use strong, high-entropy passphrases

⚠️ Back up the database file to a secure location (e.g. encrypted USB drive)

ℹ️ The database file (.kdbx) can also be opened with various KeePass ports

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

Streams are the key to nostr

Loading events from a nostr relay is probably the most inconsistent way of loading data I've had to work with, and that's only loading from a single relay. the problem gets exponentially more complicated once you try to load events from multiple relays

Unlike HTTP nostr does not have a simple flow with timeouts built in. events are sent back one at a time and can fail at any point or have massive (10s) gaps between them

The key is to use streams. something that starts, emits any number of results, then maybe errors or completes. luckily it just so happens that JavaScript / TypeScript has a great observable stream library called RxJS

What is an observable

An Observable in RxJS is stream a of data that are initialized lazily, which means the stream is inactive and not running until something subscribes to it

```ts let stream = new Observable((observer) => { observer.next(1) observer.next(2) observer.next(3) observer.complete() })

// The stream method isn't run until its subscribed to stream.subscribe(v => console.log(v)) ```

This is super powerful and perfect for nostr because it means we don't need to manage the life-cycle of the stream. it will run when something subscribes to it and stop when unsubscribed.

Its helpful to think of this as "pulling" data. once we have created an observable we can request the data from it at any point in the future.

Pulling data from relays

We can use the lazy nature of observables to only start fetching events from a nostr relay when we need them

For example we can create an observable that will load kind 1 events from the damus relay and stream them back as they are returned from the relay

```typescript let req = new Observable((observer) => { // Create a new websocket connection when the observable is start let ws = new WebSocket('wss://relay.damus.io')

ws.onopen = () => { // Start a REQ ws.send(JSON.stringify(['REQ', 'test', {kinds: [1], limit: 20}])) }

ws.onmessage = (event) => { let message = JSON.parse(event.data) // Get the event from the message and pass it along to the subscribers if(message[0] === 'EVENT') observer.next(message[1]) }

// Cleanup subscription return () => { ws.send(JSON.stringify(['CLOSE', 'test'])) ws.close() } }) ```

But creating the observable wont do anything. we need to subscribe to it to get any events.

ts let sub = req.subscribe(event => { console.log('we got an event' event) })

Cool now we are pulling events from a relay. once we are done we can stop listening to it by unsubscribing from it

ts sub.unsubscribe()

This will call the cleanup method on the observable, which in turn closes the connection to the relay.

Hopefully you can see how this work, we don't have any open, connect, or disconnect methods. we simply subscribe to a stream of events and it handles all the messy logic of connecting to a relay

Composing and chaining observables

I've shown you how we can create a simple stream of events from a relay, but what if we want to pull from two relays?

Easy, lets make the previous example into a function that takes a relay URL

```ts function getNoteFromRelay(relay: string){ return new Observable((observer) => { let ws = new WebSocket(relay)

// ...rest of the observable...

}) } ```

Then we can "merge" two of these observables into a single observable using the merge method from RxJS

The merge method will create a single observable that subscribes to both upstream observables and sends all the events back. Think of it as pulling events from both relays at once

```ts import { merge } from 'rxjs'

const notes = merge( getNoteFromRelay('wss://relay.damus.io'), getNoteFromRelay('wss://nos.lol') )

// Subscribe to the observable to start getting data from it const sub = notes.subscribe(event => { console.log(event) })

// later unsubscribe setTimeout(() => { sub.unsubscribe() }, 10_000) ```

But now we have a problem, because we are pulling events from two relays we are getting duplicate events. to solve this we can use the .pipe method and the distinct operator from RxJS to modify our single observable to only return one version of each event

The .pipe method will create a chain of observables that will each subscribe to the previous one and modify the returned values in some way

The distinct operator takes a method that returns a unique identifier and filters out any duplicate values

```ts import { merge, distinct } from 'rxjs'

const notes = merge( getNoteFromRelay('wss://relay.damus.io'), getNoteFromRelay('wss://nos.lol') ).pipe( // filter out events we have seen before based on the event id distinct(event => event.id) ) ```

Now we have an observable that when subscribed to will connect to two relays and return a stream of events without duplicates...

As you can see things can start getting complicated fast. but its also very powerful because we aren't managing any life-cycle code, we just subscribe and unsubscribe from an observable

Taking it to an extreme

Hopefully at this point you can see how powerful this is, we can think of almost any data loading pattern as a series of observables that pull data from upstream observables and stream it back to the original subscriber.

Here is a quick sketch of what it could look like to load user profiles. each node is an observable that "pulls" data from its child node ending with the "connect websocket" or "load from database" nodes which do the work of making a relay connection

Conclusion

All this might seem pretty simple and straight forward, but its been a long six month of learning for me. I've had to completely rethink how data and nostr events should be handled in a client and how to avoid screwing up and shooting myself in the foot with these powerful tools.

If you want to give RxJS a try I would encourage you to checkout the nostr sdk I've been building called applesauce

Its uses RxJS for pretty much everything and has the simplest and most flexible relay connection API I've seen so far (mainly no life-cycle management)

@ 5af07946:98fca8c4

The Genesis of Being: An Exposition on the Tri-Guna System and the Manifestation of the Eightfold Material Nature I. Introduction: The Gunas as a Generative Cosmic System The ancient philosophical traditions of India, particularly the Samkhya and Vedanta schools, offer profound and intricate cosmologies to explain the nature of existence and the process of universal manifestation. Central to these explanations is the concept of the three Guṇas – Sattva (purity, illumination), Rajas (passion, activity), and Tamas (inertia, darkness). This report explores the proposition that these three Guṇas function not merely as disparate qualities but as an interconnected, dynamic system responsible for the generation of what can be termed the "eightfold material nature." This eightfold constitution comprises the five great elements (Pañca Mahābhūtas): Ākāśa (Ether/Space), Vāyu (Air), Agni (Fire), Jala (Water), and Pṛthvī (Earth), along with the internal instruments of Manas (mind), Buddhi (intellect), and Ahaṃkāra (ego). These eight represent key stages or categories in the unfolding of empirical reality, from its most subtle psychic origins to its grossest physical forms.  

The framework of the Guṇas and their evolutes (Tattvas) is foundational to Samkhya philosophy and has been significantly adapted and reinterpreted within the various schools of Vedanta, most notably Advaita Vedanta. These systems provide a comprehensive model of cosmogenesis (Sṛṣṭi) and the psycho-physical constitution of beings. This exposition will systematically examine how the interplay and varying preponderances of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas drive this evolutionary process, imbuing each of the eight specified Tattvas with their distinct characteristics and functions.  

The very notion of the Guṇas operating as a "system" implies an inherent order and profound interconnectedness in their cosmic function, rather than a chaotic or arbitrary emergence of the universe. The evolutionary sequence detailed in Samkhya and Vedanta, from the unmanifest Prakṛti (in Samkhya) or Māyā (in Vedanta) to the tangible gross elements, is a structured, hierarchical unfolding. This structured process suggests that the Guṇas are the underlying mechanics of an ordered cosmic generation. The "eightfold material nature" is not merely a list of components but represents distinct stages or levels within this systemic output. Furthermore, this eightfold nature can be understood as a spectrum, ranging from the most subtle and causal principles, such as Buddhi (cosmic intellect) and Ahaṃkāra (the principle of individuation), to the increasingly gross manifestations of Manas (the processing mind), the subtle sensory potentials (Tanmātras), and finally the five Mahābhūtas or gross elements. The Guṇas, through their shifting balances and relative dominance, modulate the density, dynamism, and qualitative expression at each successive level of this cosmic unfolding.  

II. The Primordial Triad: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas – The Building Blocks of Prakriti At the root of all phenomenal existence, according to Samkhya philosophy, lies Prakṛti, the unmanifest, primordial material cause of the universe. In its foundational state, Prakṛti is conceived as a condition of perfect equilibrium of the three Guṇas: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. In this quiescent state, Prakṛti is unconscious, infinite, and inactive, yet holds within itself the potential for all subsequent cosmic manifestation. Advaita Vedanta employs the concept of Māyā to describe the power that veils the ultimate reality of Brahman and projects the appearance of the manifold world. Māyā, like Prakṛti, is understood to be constituted by the three Guṇas but, crucially, is not considered an independent reality co-eternal with Brahman. Instead, Māyā is a dependent power, inscrutable and beginningless, through which the non-dual Brahman appears as the diverse universe.  

The Guṇas themselves are not merely abstract qualities but are described as the very "strands" or "fibers" (the literal meaning of guṇa being thread or rope) that constitute the fabric of Prakṛti or Māyā. They are in a state of constant interplay, mutual suppression, and support, forming a dynamic, tensional balance even in the unmanifest state. This equilibrium is not an empty void but a pregnant state, containing all future possibilities.  

Sattva (Goodness, Purity, Illumination): Derived from the root 'sat' meaning 'being' or 'truth', Sattva is characterized by lightness, clarity, harmony, balance, knowledge, happiness, peace, and virtue. Its primary function in the cosmic process is to promote illumination, understanding, and constructive activity. Sattva is the principle that most faithfully reflects the light of pure consciousness (Puruṣa in Samkhya, Ātman/Brahman in Vedanta).  

Rajas (Passion, Activity, Dynamism): Etymologically linked to 'coloring' or 'agitation', Rajas embodies energy, motion, passion, desire, ambition, and restlessness. It can be both creative and disruptive. Its crucial role is to drive all activity, change, and evolution. Rajas overcomes the inertia of Tamas and can either support the clarity of Sattva or obscure it, depending on its direction and intensity. It is the indispensable kinetic force behind all manifestation.  

Tamas (Inertia, Darkness, Obstruction): Associated with darkness and heaviness, Tamas is characterized by ignorance, delusion, laziness, confusion, and resistance to change or movement. Its function is to veil consciousness, cause inertia, and obstruct both activity and illumination. However, Tamas also provides stability, form, and the very substance that is shaped by the other two Guṇas.  

The dynamic interplay of these three Guṇas is the engine of all cosmic and psychological processes. Rajas acts as the crucial catalyst; while Sattva represents the potential for luminous manifestation and Tamas provides the substance and resistance necessary for form, it is Rajas that supplies the kinetic energy to disturb the primordial equilibrium and drive the subsequent evolution of the Tattvas. Without the activating force of Rajas, Prakṛti or Māyā would remain in its unmanifest, potential state. Sattva, though inherently illuminating, requires Rajas to actualize that illumination into diverse forms, and Tamas, though obstructive, needs Rajas to be molded and shaped into the manifold objects of the universe.  

Table 1: The Three Gunas – Core Attributes and Manifestations

Guṇa Etymological Hint Essential Nature Key Psychological Manifestations Primary Cosmic Function Sattva Sat (being, truth, reality) Illumination, Purity, Balance Joy, Clarity, Peace, Knowledge, Virtue Revelation, Harmony, Construction Rajas Raj (to color, to be agitated, passion) Activity, Passion, Dynamism Desire, Restlessness, Ambition, Pain (associated with attachment) Motion, Transformation, Creation Tamas Tam (darkness, inertia) Inertia, Obscuration, Heaviness Dullness, Lethargy, Ignorance, Delusion, Fear Veiling, Stabilization, Obstruction

Export to Sheets III. The Unfolding of Material Nature: Cosmic Evolution (Srishti) from the Gunas The transition from the unmanifest state of Prakṛti (or Māyā) to the manifest universe is a sequential process, known as Sṛṣṭi (creation or emanation), driven by the dynamic interplay of the three Guṇas. This unfolding is not arbitrary but follows a specific cosmological order, leading to the emergence of the various categories of existence, including the eightfold material nature.

A. The Initial Disturbance and Emergence of Cosmic Intellect and Individuation The impetus for creation arises from a disturbance in the equilibrium of the Guṇas within Prakṛti or Māyā.

The Role of Puruṣa (Samkhya) / Brahman-Māyā (Vedanta): In Samkhya philosophy, Prakṛti, though inherently possessing the potential for activity due to the Guṇas, remains in a state of equilibrium until its proximity to Puruṣa (pure, inactive consciousness). This "contact" or "presence" is not an active intervention by Puruṣa, which remains a passive witness, but is sufficient to trigger the disequilibrium of the Guṇas, thereby initiating the evolutionary cascade. In Advaita Vedanta, the ultimate reality is the non-dual Brahman. The appearance of the manifold universe is attributed to Māyā, Brahman's inscrutable power, which itself is constituted by the three Guṇas. Īśvara (Saguna Brahman, or Brahman with attributes) is often described as the Lord who presides over this process of cosmic projection, utilizing Māyā as the creative matrix.  

Mahat (Cosmic Intellect / Buddhi): The very first evolute to emerge from the disturbed Prakṛti/Māyā is Mahat, often translated as the "Great One" or Cosmic Intellect. Mahat represents the principle of cosmic intelligence, self-awareness, and the faculty of determination. It is predominantly Sāttvika in nature, reflecting clarity and luminosity, with Rajas providing the necessary impetus for its manifestation from the unmanifest. Mahat serves as the cosmic counterpart and basis for the individual intellect (Buddhi) in beings.  

Ahaṃkāra (Ego / "I-maker"): From Mahat evolves Ahaṃkāra, the principle of individuation or ego-sense. Ahaṃkāra is responsible for the fundamental sense of "I" and "mine," creating the distinction between self and non-self, and the feeling of being a distinct, separate entity. This Ahaṃkāra is a crucial juncture in the creative process, as it further differentiates based on the predominance of the Guṇas, giving rise to distinct streams of evolution:  

Vaikārika Ahaṃkāra (also known as Sāttvika Ahaṃkāra): Predominantly influenced by Sattva, this aspect of ego is characterized by purity and luminosity. It is the source from which the mind (Manas) and the ten subtle sensory and action capacities (Indriyas) emerge.   Taijasa Ahaṃkāra (also known as Rājasika Ahaṃkāra): Predominantly influenced by Rajas, this aspect is characterized by activity and energy. Crucially, Taijasa Ahaṃkāra does not merely produce its own line of evolutes but provides the necessary kinetic force or impetus for both Vaikārika and Bhūtādi Ahaṃkāra to manifest their respective products. This underscores the role of Rajas as the universal energizing principle in the process of manifestation.   Bhūtādi Ahaṃkāra (also known as Tāmasika Ahaṃkāra): Predominantly influenced by Tamas, this aspect is characterized by inertia and mass. It is the source from which the five subtle elements (Tanmātras) emerge, which are the precursors to the gross physical world.   This tripartite differentiation of Ahaṃkāra is a pivotal node in the cosmic creative process. It acts as a channeling mechanism, directing the unmanifest potential of the Guṇas into specific streams that will give rise to the subtle psychological apparatus (mind and senses) on one hand, and the subtle material constituents (Tanmātras) of the physical universe on the other. The role of Rājasika Ahaṃkāra as an energizer for both Sāttvika and Tāmasika evolutions is a significant detail, illustrating that Rajas is not confined to a single product line but is the indispensable active principle that enables all forms of differentiation and manifestation from the ego-principle onwards.

B. Differentiation from Ahamkara: The Subtle and Gross Manifestations Following the tripartite division of Ahaṃkāra, the evolutionary process continues, giving rise to the subtle internal instruments, the sensory capacities, and the rudimentary forms of matter.

From Sāttvika Ahaṃkāra (energized by Rājasika Ahaṃkāra): This stream of evolution, characterized by the luminosity and purity of Sattva and activated by the energy of Rajas, gives rise to the subjective instruments of experience:

Manas (Mind): The internal organ (antaḥkaraṇa) responsible for receiving and processing sensory data, generating thoughts, experiencing doubt and volition, and coordinating with Buddhi and Ahaṃkāra. Manas is often described as the "eleventh indriya," acting as a central coordinator for both sensory input and motor output.   Five Jñānendriyas (Subtle Sense Capacities): These are the subtle capacities for perception, not the gross physical organs themselves. They are: Śrotra (capacity for hearing), Tvak (capacity for touching), Cakṣus (capacity for seeing), Rasanā (capacity for tasting), and Ghrāṇa (capacity for smelling).   Five Karmendriyas (Subtle Action Capacities): These are the subtle capacities for action: Vāk (capacity for speech, associated with the mouth), Pāṇi (capacity for grasping, associated with the hands), Pāda (capacity for locomotion, associated with the feet), Pāyu (capacity for excretion, associated with the anus), and Upastha (capacity for procreation, associated with the genitals).   From Tāmasika Ahaṃkāra (energized by Rājasika Ahaṃkāra): This stream, characterized by the inertia and mass of Tamas and activated by Rajas, gives rise to the objective, material constituents of the universe:

Five Tanmātras (Subtle Elements): These are the pure, undifferentiated, subtle essences of sensory experience, the archetypal forms of sensible matter. They are imperceptible in their pure state but form the basis for the gross elements. The Tanmātras evolve sequentially:   Śabda Tanmātra (Sound-as-such): The subtle essence of sound. Sparśa Tanmātra (Touch-as-such): The subtle essence of touch, evolving from Śabda Tanmātra with the addition of its own specific potential. Rūpa Tanmātra (Form/Color-as-such): The subtle essence of form or sight, evolving from Sparśa Tanmātra with its specific potential. Rasa Tanmātra (Taste-as-such): The subtle essence of taste, evolving from Rūpa Tanmātra with its specific potential. Gandha Tanmātra (Smell-as-such): The subtle essence of smell, evolving from Rasa Tanmātra with its specific potential. From the Tanmātras (through successive evolution or quintuplication): The five Tanmātras further evolve to produce the five Pañca Mahābhūtas or gross physical elements. This process involves a principle of accretion or successive inheritance of qualities, where each subsequent gross element carries the qualities of the preceding ones, plus its own specific defining quality, leading to increasing complexity and grossness. This systematic layering is key to the diversification of material properties.  

Ākāśa (Ether/Space): Evolves from Śabda Tanmātra. Its defining quality is sound. Vāyu (Air): Evolves from Sparśa Tanmātra, inheriting the quality of sound from Ākāśa and possessing its own defining quality of touch. Agni (Fire/Light): Evolves from Rūpa Tanmātra, inheriting sound and touch, and possessing its own defining quality of form/sight. Jala (Water/Ap): Evolves from Rasa Tanmātra, inheriting sound, touch, and form, and possessing its own defining quality of taste. Pṛthvī (Earth): Evolves from Gandha Tanmātra, inheriting sound, touch, form, and taste, and possessing its own defining quality of smell.   The "eightfold material nature" as specified in the query—the five elements, mind, intellect, and ego—are thus not a haphazard collection but represent distinct ontological categories arising systematically from a unified, Guṇa-driven process. Mahat (intellect) and Ahaṃkāra (ego) are cosmic principles that precede and give rise to the individual mind (Manas) and the fundamental building blocks of the physical world (the five elements). This structured lineage underscores the coherence of the Samkhya-Vedanta cosmological model.

Table 2: Evolutionary Sequence of Tattvas from Prakṛti/Māyā

Tattva (Evolute) Cosmic Principle (Samkhya/Vedanta) Individual Manifestation Predominant Guṇa(s) in Emergence Key Function/Characteristic Prakṛti / Māyā Primordial Matter / Illusory Power Unmanifest Ground of Being Sattva, Rajas, Tamas in Equilibrium Potential for all manifestation Mahat Cosmic Intellect Individual Buddhi (Intellect) Sattva (activated by Rajas) Ascertainment, determination, cosmic intelligence Ahaṃkāra Cosmic Ego-sense Individual Ego ("I-maker") Rajas (predominant initially, then differentiating into Sattva, Rajas, Tamas aspects) Individuation, self-identity, sense of agency Manas Cosmic Mind-principle Individual Manas (Mind) Sattva (from Sāttvika Ahaṃkāra, activated by Rajas) Processing sensory input, thinking, doubting, willing Jñānendriyas (5) Subtle Sense Capacities Individual Capacities of Perception (Hearing, Touch, Sight, Taste, Smell) Sattva (from Sāttvika Ahaṃkāra, activated by Rajas) Perception of sensory objects Karmendriyas (5) Subtle Action Capacities Individual Capacities of Action (Speech, Grasping, Locomotion, Excretion, Procreation) Sattva (from Sāttvika Ahaṃkāra, activated by Rajas) Execution of actions Tanmātras (5) Subtle Elements Potential for Gross Elements (Sound, Touch, Form, Taste, Smell -as-such) Tamas (from Tāmasika Ahaṃkāra, activated by Rajas) Subtle essences of sensory experience; precursors to gross elements Pañca Mahābhūtas (5) Gross Elements Physical Elements (Ether, Air, Fire, Water, Earth) Increasing Tamas predominance from Ākāśa to Pṛthvī (with Sattva and Rajas also present) Constitute the perceptible physical universe; possess qualities of sound, touch, form, taste, smell respectively and cumulatively

Export to Sheets IV. The Eightfold Material Nature: Gunic Imprints and Characteristics The three Guṇas not only drive the evolutionary process but also imbue each of the manifested Tattvas with their specific qualities and functional tendencies. Understanding this Gunic influence is crucial for comprehending the nature of both the internal psychic instruments and the external physical elements.

A. The Internal Instruments (Antaḥkaraṇa) The antaḥkaraṇa, or inner instrument, comprises Manas, Buddhi, and Ahaṃkāra. The Gunic composition of these subtle faculties directly shapes an individual's perception of reality, their decision-making processes, their emotional responses, and their fundamental sense of self. An imbalance of the Guṇas at this subtle level has profound and far-reaching effects on an individual's behavior, experience, and spiritual progress.

Manas (Mind): As the recipient and initial processor of sensory impressions, Manas is highly susceptible to the influence of the Guṇas.  

A predominance of Sattva in Manas leads to clarity of thought, calmness, focus, joy, and an inclination towards knowledge and peace. Such a mind processes sensory data without significant distortion, leading to more accurate understanding and balanced emotional responses.   When Rajas dominates Manas, it manifests as restlessness, a continuous stream of desire-driven thoughts, agitation, attachment, and difficulty in maintaining concentration. A Rājasika mind is easily distracted, prone to emotional fluctuations, and constantly seeks external stimulation.   A Manas under the sway of Tamas exhibits dullness, lethargy, ignorance, delusion, an inability to process information effectively, and a tendency towards inertia or excessive sleep. A Tāmasika mind is clouded, resistant to new knowledge or change, and may be prone to negative thought patterns.   Buddhi (Intellect): As the determinative faculty responsible for discrimination and judgment, the Gunic nature of Buddhi is critical.  

A Sāttvika Buddhi is characterized by sharp discrimination (viveka), wisdom, correct judgment, decisiveness, and the capacity for profound understanding. It is considered to reflect pure consciousness most clearly, leading to ethical decisions and spiritual insight.   A Rājasika Buddhi often leads to ambitious but self-centered decision-making. The intellect may be sharp but can be clouded by passion and desire, leading to argumentation or a focus on worldly pursuits, often lacking deeper, holistic wisdom.   A Tāmasika Buddhi results in clouded judgment, an inability to discriminate right from wrong, intellectual dullness, indecisiveness, and misapprehension. This leads to erroneous understanding and often inaction or inappropriate action.   Ahaṃkāra (Ego): The "I-maker" is fundamentally shaped by the Guṇas, determining the nature of one's self-identification.  

A Sāttvika Ahaṃkāra manifests as a sense of "I-ness" that is calm, not overly attached, capable of self-reflection, and aligned with dharma (righteousness). It is associated with humility and an understanding of one's role without false pride.   A Rājasika Ahaṃkāra presents as a strong sense of agency ("I am the doer"), often accompanied by pride, ambition, competitiveness, and self-centeredness. It is driven by desires and passions, leading to active and assertive behavior, which can also result in conflict and attachment.   A Tāmasika Ahaṃkāra is rooted in ignorance and delusion regarding one's true identity. It may involve strong identification with the gross body, leading to lethargy in self-assertion or, conversely, a stubbornness born of misapprehension. This type of ego is often characterized by a sense of helplessness or false identifications.   B. The Five Great Elements (Pañca Mahābhūtas) The Gunic influence on the Mahābhūtas is generally understood in terms of predominant influence, as all three Guṇas are ubiquitously present in all manifestations of Prakṛti/Māyā. The specific proportion of the Guṇas dictates the primary characteristics of each element, allowing for the vast diversity observed even within a single elemental category. There is a discernible correlation between the subtlety or grossness of the Mahābhūtas and their predominant Gunic composition, indicating a systematic Gunic structuring of the material world from the finest to the coarsest states.  

Ākāśa (Ether/Space):

Predominant Guṇa: Primarily Sattva. Rajas facilitates its manifestation from the Śabda Tanmātra.   Resulting Properties: Ākāśa is characterized by subtlety, all-pervasiveness, and the quality of being non-obstructive. It provides the very space in which all other elements and objects exist and is the medium for its specific sensory quality, sound (Śabda). Its predominantly Sāttvika nature accounts for its capacity to be the ground for all subsequent manifestations and its frequent association with consciousness or Brahman in certain Vedantic interpretations, highlighting its fundamental and subtle reality. The Sāttvika nature imparts clarity and lightness, allowing it to be the most subtle of the elements.   Vāyu (Air):

Predominant Guṇa: Primarily Rajas. Sattva contributes to its subtle nature and capacity to carry sound, while Tamas allows for its tangible quality of touch.   Resulting Properties: Vāyu is defined by mobility, dynamism, dryness, lightness, and coolness. It is the medium for the sensation of touch (Sparśa) and also serves as a carrier of sound (inherited from Ākāśa). Its predominantly Rājasika nature is evident in its inherent and constant movement, its capacity to impel motion in other things, and its association with the vital life-force (prāṇa).   Agni (Fire):

Predominant Guṇa: A combination of Sattva and Rajas. Sattva accounts for its properties of illumination and light, while Rajas is responsible for its heat, transformative power, and characteristic upward movement. Tamas contributes to its capacity to consume and provide form.   Resulting Properties: Agni embodies transformation, heat, light, penetration, and upward motion. It is the medium for the sensation of form or sight (Rūpa). Its combined Sattva-Rājasika nature is clearly demonstrated in its luminosity, its active and often intense transformative capabilities (e.g., in digestion and metabolism), and its inherent dynamism.   Jala (Water):

Predominant Guṇa: A combination of Sattva and Tamas. Sattva contributes to its clarity, life-sustaining properties, and purity. Tamas is responsible for its cohesiveness, coolness, density, and tendency for downward flow. Rajas allows for its fluidity and movement.   Resulting Properties: Jala is characterized by cohesion, coolness, fluidity, downward movement, and softness. It is the medium for the sensation of taste (Rasa). Its Sattva-Tāmasika nature is evident in its capacity to bind and cohere, its inherent coolness, and its relative density compared to air and fire. It sustains life (Sattva) and provides form and substance (Tamas).   Pṛthvī (Earth):

Predominant Guṇa: Primarily Tamas. Rajas provides the energy for its formation from the Gandha Tanmātra, and Sattva contributes to its capacity to support life and provide stability.   Resulting Properties: Pṛthvī is defined by solidity, stability, density, hardness, obstruction, and the capacity to provide support. It is the medium for the sensation of smell (Gandha). Its predominantly Tāmasika nature is evident in its grossness, inertia, resistance to movement, and its role as the most concrete and stable of the elements.   Table 3: Gunic Influence on the Pañca Mahābhūtas

Mahābhūta Predominant Guṇa(s) (Rationale) Associated Tanmātra Key Sensory Property Key Physical/Energetic Characteristics (derived from Gunic influence) Ākāśa Sattva (subtlety, pervasiveness, medium for consciousness/sound) Śabda (Sound) Sound Subtlety, all-pervasiveness, non-obstruction, lightness, clarity; provides space for all other elements. Its Sāttvika nature makes it the finest element, a conduit for vibration and subtle energies. Vāyu Rajas (mobility, dynamism, kinetic energy) Sparśa (Touch) Touch Mobility, activity, dryness, lightness, coolness, subtleness, constant motion; responsible for movement, breath, and nerve impulses. Its Rājasika nature is evident in its inherent dynamism and capacity to instigate movement. Agni Sattva & Rajas (illumination, heat, transformation) Rūpa (Form/Sight) Form/Sight Heat, light, penetration, transformation, upward movement, sharpness; responsible for digestion, metabolism, perception of form, and intelligence (as inner fire). Sattva provides luminosity, Rajas provides active transformative energy. Jala Sattva & Tamas (clarity, cohesion, coolness, density) Rasa (Taste) Taste Cohesion, fluidity, coolness, downward movement, softness, moisture, nourishment; responsible for bodily fluids, lubrication, and taste. Sattva imparts purity and life-sustaining qualities, Tamas provides density, form, and coolness. Rajas enables its flow. Pṛthvī Tamas (solidity, stability, inertia, grossness) Gandha (Smell) Smell Solidity, stability, density, hardness, obstruction, support, roughness; forms the structural basis of the physical world. Its Tāmasika nature is evident in its grossness, inertia, and resistance, providing a stable foundation for all manifest forms. Sattva allows it to support life.

Export to Sheets V. Comparative Cosmologies: Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta Perspectives While both Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta utilize the framework of the three Guṇas and a sequential evolution of Tattvas (principles or categories of reality) to explain the manifested universe, they differ significantly in their metaphysical presuppositions, particularly concerning the nature of ultimate reality, the ontological status of the Guṇas and the created world, and the role of a divine creator.

A. Samkhya Philosophy Prakṛti and Guṇas: In the classical Samkhya system, as articulated in texts like Īśvarakṛṣṇa's Sāṅkhya Kārikā, Prakṛti is an independent, eternal, and objectively real primordial substance. It is the uncaused material cause of the universe. The three Guṇas – Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas – are not mere qualities of Prakṛti but are its very constituents, existing in a state of equilibrium in the unmanifest state. These Guṇas are considered real and substantial in their own right, forming the very fabric of Prakṛti.  

Evolution (Pariṇāma): The universe evolves through a process of real transformation (Pariṇāma) of Prakṛti. This evolution is triggered when the equilibrium of the Guṇas is disturbed by the mere proximity or presence of Puruṣa (pure consciousness, which is itself inactive and distinct from Prakṛti). The evolutionary sequence unfolds with the emergence of twenty-three Tattvas: Mahat (cosmic intellect), Ahaṃkāra (ego), Manas (mind), the five Jñānendriyas (sense capacities), the five Karmendriyas (action capacities), the five Tanmātras (subtle elements), and finally the five Mahābhūtas (gross elements). The eightfold material nature specified in the query (five elements, mind, intellect, ego) are all part of these real evolutes of Prakṛti.  

Ontological Status: In Samkhya, both Prakṛti (with its constituent Guṇas) and its twenty-three evolutes, including the eightfold material nature, are considered objectively real (sat). They are not illusory but constitute the actual, albeit changing, fabric of the phenomenal world. The reality of the universe is undeniable, and its cause (Prakṛti) must therefore also be real, based on the Samkhya doctrine of Satkāryavāda (the theory that the effect pre-exists in its cause).  

Role of Īśvara (God): Classical Samkhya is notably atheistic or, more precisely, non-theistic. There is no creator God (Īśvara) involved in the initial disturbance of Prakṛti's equilibrium or in guiding the subsequent evolutionary process. The mere presence of the numerous, eternal Puruṣas is deemed sufficient to initiate the unfolding of Prakṛti for the sake of their experience and eventual liberation (kaivalya). Some later commentators, such as Vijñānabhikṣu in the 16th century, attempted to integrate theistic elements into Samkhya, equating Prakṛti with Māyā and suggesting a chief Puruṣa or God, but this represents a departure from the classical formulation.  

B. Advaita Vedanta Philosophy Brahman and Māyā: Advaita Vedanta, particularly as systematized by Śaṅkarācārya, posits Brahman as the sole, non-dual (Advaita) Ultimate Reality. Brahman is described as Sat-Cit-Ānanda (Existence-Consciousness-Bliss absolute), eternal, unchanging, and without attributes (Nirguṇa Brahman). The phenomenal world, with its multiplicity and change, is explained through the concept of Māyā, which is Brahman's inscrutable and beginningless creative power or principle of illusion. Māyā, like Prakṛti, is understood to be constituted by the three Guṇas. However, unlike the Samkhyan Prakṛti, Māyā is not an independent reality co-eternal with Brahman; it is entirely dependent on Brahman for its apparent existence and operation.  

Manifestation (Vivarta): The universe, including the eightfold material nature, is an apparent manifestation or superimposition (Vivarta) on Brahman due to the functioning of Māyā. This is not a real transformation (Pariṇāma) of Brahman, which remains eternally unchanged, but an illusory appearance, famously likened to mistaking a rope for a snake in the dim light. The three Guṇas, as inherent aspects of Māyā, are instrumental in this projection of the diverse world. The evolutionary sequence of Tattvas (such as Mahat, Ahaṃkāra, Manas, elements, etc.), similar to the Samkhyan schema, is accepted by Advaita Vedanta at the empirical or transactional level of reality (Vyāvahārika satya), but this entire sequence is understood as part of this apparent, Māyic manifestation.  

Ontological Status: From the standpoint of Advaita Vedanta, the Guṇas and the entire manifested world (including the eightfold material nature) possess an empirical or transactional reality (Vyāvahārika satya). They are experienced and function within the realm of Māyā. However, from the ultimate or absolute standpoint (Pāramārthika satya), only Brahman is truly real. The manifested world is Mithyā – a term indicating that which is neither absolutely real (since it is sublatable by the knowledge of Brahman) nor absolutely unreal (since it is experienced), but an appearance whose reality is contingent and ultimately illusory.  

Role of Īśvara: In Advaita Vedanta, Īśvara (often translated as the Lord or God) is Saguna Brahman – Brahman associated with Māyā and its creative power. Īśvara is the efficient and material cause (in an apparent sense, as Māyā is His power) of the universe, presiding over the cosmic processes of creation, sustenance, and dissolution. Īśvara is the highest reality conceivable from the empirical standpoint but is also, like the world, ultimately an appearance of the attributeless Nirguṇa Brahman when viewed from the absolute perspective.  

C. Synthesizing the Views: Key Distinctions and Convergences The fundamental divergence between Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta regarding cosmology stems from their differing ontological commitments. Samkhya's dualism posits Prakṛti (and its constituent Guṇas) as an independent, objectively real entity alongside Puruṣa. Consequently, its evolutes, the Tattvas forming the eightfold material nature, are also objectively real. In contrast, Advaita's non-dualism asserts Brahman as the sole ultimate reality, with Māyā (and its Guṇas) being a dependent power that projects an empirically real but transcendentally unreal (Mithyā) world. This core difference in the status of the material cause (independent Prakṛti vs. dependent Māyā) dictates all subsequent variations in their cosmological explanations, including the role of Īśvara (absent in classical Samkhya, present as Saguna Brahman in Advaita) and the ultimate reality of the manifested world.  

Despite these profound metaphysical differences, a significant convergence lies in their shared acceptance of the three Guṇas as the fundamental forces or qualities that explain the diversity and functioning of the phenomenal world. Both systems also describe a broadly similar hierarchical sequence of evolution for the Tattvas at the empirical level, from subtle cosmic principles like intellect and ego to the mind, senses, and gross elements. Advaita Vedanta's adoption of this Samkhyan-like evolutionary schema for the Vyāvahārika (empirical) realm demonstrates a pragmatic approach. It does not deny the observed order and functioning of the world but recontextualizes its ultimate reality within a non-dual framework. This philosophical integration allows Advaita to provide a coherent explanation of phenomenal experience while maintaining its core tenet of Brahman as the sole, non-dual reality. The Samkhyan model of Tattvic evolution, driven by the Gunas, thus serves as a powerful descriptive framework for the empirical world, even within the ultimate monism of Advaita Vedanta.  

Table 4: Comparative Overview of Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta Cosmology

Philosophical Aspect Samkhya Perspective Advaita Vedanta Perspective Ultimate Reality Dualistic: Puruṣa (Consciousness, multiple) and Prakṛti (Primordial Matter, singular) are two independent, eternal realities. Non-dualistic: Brahman (Sat-Cit-Ānanda) is the sole, ultimate, attributeless reality. Nature of Prakṛti/Māyā Prakṛti is an independent, uncaused, objectively real material cause of the universe, composed of the three Guṇas in equilibrium. Māyā is the inscrutable power of Brahman, dependent on Brahman, and the apparent cause of the universe. It is also constituted by the three Guṇas but is not independently real. Nature of Guṇas Real, substantial constituents of the independent Prakṛti. Aspects or modes of Māyā; empirically real but not ultimately real independent of Brahman. Status of Manifest World (Tattvas, including eightfold nature) Objectively real evolutes (pariṇāma) of Prakṛti. Empirically real (Vyāvahārika satya) but transcendentally unreal (Mithyā); an apparent manifestation (vivarta) of Brahman through Māyā. Process of Creation (Sṛṣṭi) Real evolution (Pariṇāma) of Prakṛti into 23 Tattvas upon disturbance of Guṇa equilibrium by proximity to Puruṣa. Apparent manifestation (Vivarta) of names and forms from Brahman through Māyā and the interplay of Guṇas. The Tattvic schema is accepted empirically. Role of Puruṣa Passive witness; its proximity disturbs Prakṛti's equilibrium, initiating evolution for its experience and liberation. Ātman (individual self) is identical to Brahman (Universal Self/Consciousness). The appearance of individual Puruṣa-like entities (Jīvas) is due to Māyā. Role of Īśvara (God) Classical Samkhya is non-theistic; no creator God is posited. Īśvara (Saguna Brahman) is Brahman associated with Māyā, acting as the Lord and Creator of the universe from an empirical standpoint. Path to Liberation Discriminative knowledge (viveka) of the distinction between Puruṣa and Prakṛti, leading to Kaivalya (isolation of Puruṣa). Realization (jñāna) of the identity of Ātman with Brahman, dispelling Avidyā (ignorance) and Māyā, leading to Mokṣa (liberation).   VI. The Gunas: A Unified System Generating Cosmic Diversity The conceptualization of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas transcends their individual definitions; they form a deeply interconnected and interdependent system. Their ceaseless interaction, involving mutual suppression, support, and transformation, is the fundamental dynamism that propels all cosmic processes and generates the rich tapestry of the phenomenal world. This Gunic system operates seamlessly across all levels of manifestation, from the most subtle psychological strata influencing Buddhi, Ahaṃkāra, and Manas, to the grossest material stratum determining the inherent properties of the Mahābhūtas. The evolution of the Tattvas, as outlined, demonstrates a coherent continuity, entirely underpinned and orchestrated by these Gunic dynamics.  

Consequently, the "eightfold material nature"—comprising cosmic intellect (Buddhi/Mahat), ego (Ahaṃkāra), mind (Manas), the five subtle sensory potentials (Tanmātras, which then give rise to the five Mahābhūtas)—can be comprehensively understood as a set of primary manifestations arising from this single, unified Gunic system. Each evolute within this eightfold structure represents a specific configuration or preponderance of the Guṇas, a unique crystallization of their interplay.

This generative system is not conceived as purposeless. In Samkhya philosophy, the entire evolutionary dance of Prakṛti and its Guṇas is inherently teleological, aimed at providing experiences for the Puruṣa and, ultimately, facilitating its liberation (Kaivalya) through discriminative knowledge. Similarly, in Vedanta, the manifestation of the universe through Māyā (and its Guṇas) serves as the experiential field for the Jīva (individual soul), enabling its journey through saṃsāra (the cycle of birth and death) and eventual realization of its fundamental identity with Brahman, leading to Mokṣa (liberation). Thus, the Gunic system, as the engine of manifestation, is instrumental to this ultimate soteriological purpose in both philosophical streams. It is not merely a mechanical process but one imbued with a spiritual telos.  

Furthermore, the balance of the Guṇas is of paramount importance. While Rajas is the impetus for creation and activity, and Tamas provides the substance and stability for form, an excess of either, without the harmonizing influence of Sattva, leads to bondage, suffering, delusion, or chaos. The cultivation of Sattva is consistently emphasized in yogic and Vedantic practices as a means to achieve clarity, tranquility, and the necessary discernment for spiritual progress, even though Sattva itself, as a Guṇa, must ultimately be transcended to attain the state beyond all qualities (Guṇātīta). This implies that the Gunic system, while initiated by imbalance, possesses an inherent directionality towards equilibrium and lucidity, which, when consciously cultivated, facilitates the journey towards liberation.  

VII. Conclusion: The Enduring Significance of the Guna-Based Cosmology The intricate cosmological framework presented by the Samkhya and Vedanta philosophies, centered on the dynamic interplay of the three Guṇas – Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas – offers a profound and systematic explanation for the genesis of the "eightfold material nature." This eightfold constitution, encompassing the cosmic intellect (Buddhi/Mahat), the principle of individuation (Ahaṃkāra), the processing mind (Manas), and the five great elements (Pañca Mahābhūtas), emerges through a structured, hierarchical process driven by the varying preponderances and interactions of these fundamental cosmic forces.

The Guṇa theory provides a sophisticated and unifying lens through which to understand the deep interconnectedness of the psychological and physical realms. It demonstrates how the same underlying principles—illumination and purity (Sattva), activity and passion (Rajas), and inertia and form (Tamas)—shape both the subtle landscape of our inner experiences (thoughts, emotions, intellect, ego) and the tangible characteristics of the outer material world (the properties of space, air, fire, water, and earth). Each of the eight Tattvas is not an isolated entity but a specific Gunic configuration, a unique expression of this tripartite systemic activity.

The philosophical implications of this Guna-based cosmology are far-reaching. It offers critical insights into the perceived nature of reality, the complex constitution of the individual being, the root causes of existential suffering and bondage (often attributed to the misidentification of consciousness with these Gunic manifestations), and consequently, the pathways to liberation. In Samkhya, liberation (Kaivalya) involves the discriminative knowledge that separates Puruṣa (consciousness) from Prakṛti (the Gunic matrix and its evolutes). In Advaita Vedanta, Mokṣa is the realization of the non-dual identity of the Ātman (individual self) with Brahman (ultimate reality), recognizing the Gunic world of Māyā as an apparent superimposition.

The entire eightfold manifestation, driven by the Guṇas, can be understood as a progressive "veiling" of the underlying, pure consciousness (Puruṣa in Samkhya, Ātman/Brahman in Vedanta). Each successive evolute, from the subtlest intellect to the grossest element, while a product of this generative system, also adds layers of complexity and potential for misidentification, thereby obscuring the original, simple, and unified reality. The journey towards liberation, therefore, is often described as a process of "unveiling," of discriminating the immutable Seer from the mutable seen, a process that necessitates understanding the mechanics of the Guṇas.  

The enduring relevance of this ancient cosmological model lies not only in its comprehensive explanatory power, which bridges metaphysics, cosmology, and psychology within a remarkably coherent conceptual structure, but also in its practical applications. The understanding of the Guṇas and their influence on the mind, body, and environment forms a cornerstone of applied Indian sciences such as Yoga and Ayurveda. These disciplines utilize the knowledge of Gunic balance and imbalance to diagnose conditions, prescribe lifestyle modifications, and guide practices aimed at fostering physical health, mental clarity, emotional equilibrium, and spiritual growth. The "system" of the Guṇas is thus not merely an abstract philosophical construct but a lived reality, the dynamics of which can be consciously observed, understood, and influenced, paving the way for holistic well-being and the ultimate attainment of spiritual freedom.  

Sources used in the report

swamij.com Coordinating the Four Functions of Mind - SwamiJ.com Opens in a new window

isha.sadhguru.org The Four Parts of Mind in Yoga - Buddhi, Manas, Ahankara and Chitta Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Prakṛti - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Pancha Bhuta - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

theyogasanctuary.biz The Maha Bhutas: Exploring the Five Great Elements - The Yoga Sanctuary Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Guṇa - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

library.fiveable.me The three gunas: sattva, rajas, and tamas | Intro to Hinduism Class Notes - Fiveable Opens in a new window

visionaryyoga.com Samkhya Philosophy: The Foundation of Yoga and Ayurveda Opens in a new window

britannica.com Indian philosophy - Samkhya, Dualism, Yoga | Britannica Opens in a new window

jkyog.in 26- The Creation of Mahattattva, Ahankar, Five Tanmatras, and Five Great Elements Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Mahat-tattva - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

sivanandaonline.org Vedanta and the Phenomenal World - Sivanandaonline.org Opens in a new window

quora.com According to Samkhya philosophy, Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (Nature) were different (parallel) at first and then when they starts to interacting, this universe is created. Does that mean that our universe is conscious according to samkhya? - Quora Opens in a new window

religion.uga.edu SAMKHYA AND YOGA: TWO CLASSICAL HINDU "PATHS OF INSIGHT" - Department of Religion Opens in a new window

quora.com How do the gunas relate to the concept of Prakriti? - Quora Opens in a new window

jahm.co.in Understanding the genesis of Panchamahabhutas with special reference to Ayurvedic Srushtyutpatti Siddhant. Jour. of Ayurveda Opens in a new window

bhagavadgitausa.com Bhagavad-Gita Opens in a new window

auromere.wordpress.com Pancha-mahabhutas: the five subtle constituents of matter Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Tanmatras - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

poojn.in Tanmatras: A Deep Dive into the Subtle Elements - India's Biggest Dashakarma Bhandar Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Tanmatras - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

ayurgamaya.com Three Gunas of Nature Decoded – Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas - Ayurgamaya Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Eightfold nature: Significance and symbolism Opens in a new window

britannica.com Indian philosophy - Yoga Sutras, Samkhya, Vedanta - Britannica Opens in a new window

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Understanding personality from Ayurvedic perspective for psychological assessment: A case Opens in a new window

vivechan.learngeeta.com Understanding the Deep Influence of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas: A ... Opens in a new window

shahzadpurfarmyoga.com Sattva Rajas, Tamas Gunas | Their Role, Nature of in Yoga Opens in a new window

maulikjournal.com Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas as tools for understanding psychological disorders - Journal of Ayurvedic Maulik Siddhant Opens in a new window

yogainternational.com Cultivating Wisdom Through Sattvic Qualities - Yoga International Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Three Gunas: Significance and symbolism Opens in a new window

iskcondesiretree.com The modes of material nature - Blog - ISKCON Desire Tree | IDT Opens in a new window

quora.com What is the difference between Samkhya and Advaita philosophies ... Opens in a new window

reddit.com A doubt regarding Advaita vs Sankhya : r/AdvaitaVedanta - Reddit Opens in a new window

dnaofhinduism.com Ego (Ahamkara) - DNA Of Hinduism Opens in a new window

traditionalmedicines.org Ego - Traditional Medicine Opens in a new window

beatayogadhyan.com 5 Elements of Nature Panchamahabhuta & Tridosha Opens in a new window

ijrap.net triguna-tridosha relationship - Review Article Opens in a new window

easyayurveda.com Panchamahabhuta: Application, Areas of Utility in Ayurveda treatment Opens in a new window

easyayurveda.com Gurvadi Gunas – 20 Qualities Of Substances - Classification, Benefits - Easy Ayurveda Opens in a new window

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Importance of Manas Tattva: A searchlight in Yoga Darshana - PMC Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org 2. Samkhya-Vedanta view of Cosmology and Ayurveda Opens in a new window

sreenivasaraos.com Samkhya : Part Six : Samkhya – Buddhism – Vedanta - sreenivasarao's blogs Opens in a new window

britannica.com Samkhya, Yoga, Dualism - Indian philosophy - Britannica Opens in a new window

goldcoasthindu.wordpress.com Gunas from Samkhya and Its Relation to Food - Gold Coast Hindu - WordPress.com Opens in a new window

tripurashakti.com Gunas in Yoga Meditation - Tripurashakti Opens in a new window

library.fiveable.me Samkhya: Dualistic philosophy | Intro to Hinduism Class Notes - Fiveable Opens in a new window

yogainternational.com The Gunas: Nature's Three Fundamental Forces - Yoga International Opens in a new window

vivechan.learngeeta.com Jñāna-chakṣhu help differentiate between Kṣhetra and Kṣhetrajña necessary to attain the Supreme Destination - विवेचन सारांश | [2025-01-11] 13th Adhyay (3/3) - by SAU VANDANA WARNEKAR JI Opens in a new window

sanskritdocuments.org The mind, according to advaita Vedanta-1 - Sanskrit Documents Opens in a new window

mast.queensu.ca Samkhya and Yoga Opens in a new window

vibrationalayurveda.com Philosophy, Sattva-Rajas-Tamas - Vibrational Ayurveda Opens in a new window

hridaya-yoga.com The Three Gunas—Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas - Hridaya Yoga Opens in a new window

clararobertsoss.com Samkhya Philosophy Quick Start Guide Opens in a new window

indianphilosophy.50webs.com The Basic Concepts of Advaita Vedanta - Indian Philosophy Opens in a new window

advaita-vedanta.org unit 14 - Advaita-Vedanta.org Opens in a new window

researchgate.net (PDF) Rajas Guna - ResearchGate Opens in a new window

ramakrishnavivekananda.info Sankhya and Vedanta Opens in a new window

hinduculturehub.com Journey of Understanding: Sankhya vs Vedanta Philosophical Teachings Opens in a new window

quora.com What is the difference between Sankhya and Vedanta? Which philosophy is more realistic? Opens in a new window

reddit.com Samkhya explained, and its relation to Advaita : r/hinduism - Reddit Opens in a new window

reddit.com Advaita Vedanta Cosmology : r/hinduism - Reddit Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Hindu cosmology - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

vivechan.learngeeta.com The three gunas Sattva, Rajas and Tamas, are born of Prakṛti or Nature - गीता विवेचन Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Prakṛti - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

dharmawheel.net Non-Duality in Dzogchen vs Advaita Vedanta - Page 4 - Dharma Wheel Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Ishvara - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

ijims.com Indian Philosophical Schools and the Foundations of Science - International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS) Opens in a new window

resource.download.wjec.co.uk Theme 4B: Philosophical understanding of the nature of reality and religious experience found in Samkhya Yoga and Advaita Vedanta - WJEC Opens in a new window

clararobertsoss.com Exploration of the 3 Gunas to Enhance Your Understanding Opens in a new window

easyayurveda.com Understanding Agni: Concept, Definition, Functions, Types - Easy Ayurveda Opens in a new window

fiveable.me Brahman, Atman, and their relationship in Advaita Vedanta | Indian Philosophy Class Notes Opens in a new window

reddit.com Help me understand Maya and Brahman. : r/AdvaitaVedanta - Reddit Opens in a new window

noblesciencepress.org CHAPTER-01 Opens in a new window

carakasamhitaonline.com Jala mahabhuta - Charak Samhita Opens in a new window

bhaktimarga.ie The Essence of Life: The Five Elements of Sankhya - Bhakti Marga Ireland Opens in a new window

yogananda.com.au ether — akasha - Paramahansa Yogananda Opens in a new window

philosophy.institute Prakrti: The Unmanifested Cosmic Energy in Samkhya - Philosophy Institute Opens in a new window

blog.siddhesh.me Srushti Utappati - Formation of the Universe - Siddhesh's Blog Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org CHAPTER II AYURVEDA AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY - AN OVERVIEW Opens in a new window

ayurvedacollege.com The Five Elements: Air in Ayurveda Opens in a new window

advaita-vedanta.org The Advaita Vedânta Home Page - Theories of Creation and Causality Opens in a new window

journalgrid.com Evolution of GURVADI GUNA– understanding and application: A review - JournalGRID Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Samkhyakarika - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

iamj.in Meghana Navada et al: Role of panchamahabhuta in the formation of garbha - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Understanding Panchamahabhuta: Pharmacological Foundations in Ayurveda Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org An overview on hypothyroidism in ayurveda Opens in a new window

yogastlouis.us Samkhya Cosmogeny in Asana - Yoga St. Louis Opens in a new window

swamij.com Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 4.13-4.14: Objects and the 3 gunas - SwamiJ.com Opens in a new window

swami-krishnananda.org The Play of the Gunas - The Study and Practice of Yoga - Chapter 29 - Swami Krishnananda Opens in a new window

carakasamhitaonline.com Tamas - Charak Samhita Opens in a new window

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Building bridges between Ayurveda and Modern Science - PMC Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Concept of triguna and its utility in defining different personalities Opens in a new window

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Concept of personality: Indian perspective - PMC Opens in a new window

anandamyogaschool.com What are the Three Gunas in Yoga? | Anandam Yoga School Opens in a new window

wjpmr.com importance of triguna and its significance in affecting mental health: a review study from in - WJPMR Opens in a new window

reddit.com What is the role of Ishwara in Advaita? : r/AdvaitaVedanta - Reddit Opens in a new window

yesvedanta.com Comparing Major Schools of Philosophies: A Critical Analysis - Yes Vedanta Opens in a new window

quora.com What is the concept of tattvas in Vaishnavism philosophy? - Quora Opens in a new window

egyankosh.ac.in Unit 3 SAMKHYA PHILOSOPHY - eGyanKosh Opens in a new window

theukayurvediccentre.com Samkhya Philosophy of Creation - The UK Ayurvedic Centre Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org 3. Physical properties of Vayu Opens in a new window

quora.com What is the difference between Samkhya Yoga and Advaita Vedanta philosophies? - Quora Opens in a new window

groups.google.com Ishwara has no real authorship, kartrutvam, in the creation of the world - Srimad Bhagavatam Opens in a new window

poojn.in Samkhya and Other Indian Philosophical Schools: A Comparative Analysis - India's Biggest Dashakarma Bhandar | Poojn.in Opens in a new window

shivayashiva.wordpress.com Tattva Bodha [ Reality or True Nature of Self ] by Sri Shankaracharya – II | ShiVaYaShiVa Opens in a new window

iep.utm.edu Advaita Vedanta - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Advaita Vedanta - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Essence of agni: Significance and symbolism Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Qualities of gunas: Significance and symbolism Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Vayu (air): Significance and symbolism Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org Akasha: Significance and symbolism Opens in a new window

asischaudhuri.wordpress.com Sāmkhya: The Indian Philosophy - Cooking Cosmos Opens in a new window

en.wikipedia.org Akasha - Wikipedia Opens in a new window

savitri.in XL—Six Systems of Indian Philosophy (Samkhya) by Sanjeev Nayyar Feb 21 2010 - Savitri | Library Opens in a new window

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Application of Satkaryavada based on theory of Karya-Karana Vada - PMC Opens in a new window

yogajala.com Understanding The Three Gunas: Tamas, Rajas & Sattva - Yogajala Opens in a new window

quora.com What are the features of Sankhya philosophy? - Quora Opens in a new window

ebsco.com The Crest Jewel of Wisdom by Sankaracharya | EBSCO Research Starters Opens in a new window

researchgate.net (PDF) SHANKAR'S PERSPECTIVE ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF MAYA AND BRAHMA. Opens in a new window

brettlarkin.com What Are The Gunas In Yoga? A Complete Overview - Brett Larkin Opens in a new window

indianyoga.org Sāṁkhya And Vedānta: A Comparative Analysis - International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences Opens in a new window

academyofvedicvidya.com The Five Elements (Pancha Mahabhutas) in Vedic Science Opens in a new window

universityofpatanjali.com MA in Yoga Science - University Of Patanjali Opens in a new window

sportsjournal.in Balancing Trigunas with yogic practices - International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education Opens in a new window

iep.utm.edu Sankhya | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Opens in a new window

core.ac.uk theory of gunas in samkhya philosophy - CORE Opens in a new window

umassd.edu Akasha (Space) and Shabda (Sound): Vedic and Acoustical perspectives Opens in a new window

wisdomlib.org 2. The Samkhya system Opens in a new window

rishiprasad.org Composition of the Tanmatras of the Five Mahabhutas and their functions - Rishi Prasad Opens in a new window

irjmets.com THE ROLE OF THE GUNAS IN SANKHYA PHILOSOPHY: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS - IRJMETS Opens in a new window

unbrokenself.com The Three Gunas: A Revolutionary Model for Mastering Your Mind and Life - Unbroken Self Opens in a new window

sanatanbrahmand.com Triguna - SANATANBRAHMAND Opens in a new window

utppublishing.com The Ultimate Reality and Meaning of Samkhya - University of Toronto Press Opens in a new window

sreenivasaraos.com Samkhya-Karika | sreenivasarao's blogs Opens in a new window

Sources read but not used in the report Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window Opens in a new window

Thoughts Understanding Fundamental Concepts I'm beginning to explore the idea of how the three fundamental qualities, known as Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas, could be the basis for the eightfold material world. This material world is described as consisting of five basic elements, along with the mind, intellect, and ego. My initial step is to clearly define each of these components and understand their individual characteristics within this philosophical framework. Next Steps in the Exploration My next line of inquiry will focus on the process through which these three Gunas are believed to interact and transform to give rise to this eightfold structure. I'll be looking for information on the specific mechanisms and stages involved in this manifestation, as described in the relevant philosophical traditions.

Researching websites

swamij.com Coordinating the Four Functions of Mind - SwamiJ.com

isha.sadhguru.org The Four Parts of Mind in Yoga - Buddhi, Manas, Ahankara and Chitta

en.wikipedia.org Prakṛti - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org Pancha Bhuta - Wikipedia

wisdomlib.org Prakriti and Purusha: Significance and symbolism

theyogasanctuary.biz The Maha Bhutas: Exploring the Five Great Elements - The Yoga Sanctuary

en.wikipedia.org Guṇa - Wikipedia

library.fiveable.me The three gunas: sattva, rajas, and tamas | Intro to Hinduism Class Notes - Fiveable Gunas and Material Nature I've found that the three Gunas – Sattva (goodness, harmony), Rajas (passion, activity), and Tamas (ignorance, inertia) – are fundamental qualities present in everything. These aren't separate but exist in different proportions. The concept of Prakriti is also key; it's described as the original, unmanifest state where these three Gunas exist in equilibrium, forming the basis of all reality, including our mental and physical aspects. Components of the Eightfold World My research indicates that the eightfold material nature comprises the five basic elements: Akasha (ether/space), Vayu (air), Agni (fire), Jala (water), and Prithvi (earth). Additionally, it includes Manas (mind, which processes sensory information), Buddhi (intellect, responsible for knowing and deciding), and Ahamkara (ego, the sense of 'I-am-ness'). Exploring the Manifestation Process I will now delve deeper into understanding how the initial disturbance in the equilibrium of the Gunas within Prakriti leads to the emergence of Mahat (the great intellect) and then Ahamkara (ego). This seems to be a crucial step in understanding the creation of the eightfold material nature from the three primary Gunas.

Researching websites

visionaryyoga.com Revolutionize Your Universe With Samkhya Philosophy - Visionary Yoga

britannica.com Indian philosophy - Samkhya, Dualism, Yoga | Britannica

jkyog.in 26- The Creation of Mahattattva, Ahankar, Five Tanmatras, and Five Great Elements

en.wikipedia.org Mahat-tattva - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

sivanandaonline.org Vedanta and the Phenomenal World - Sivanandaonline.org

en.wikipedia.org Pancha Bhuta - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org Guṇa - Wikipedia

swamij.com Coordinating the Four Functions of Mind - SwamiJ.com Gunas and Their Roles I've learned that the three Gunas are not just abstract qualities but active forces that influence everything. Sattva brings balance and harmony, Rajas drives action and passion, and Tamas represents inertia and ignorance. These Gunas are always present, but their varying proportions shape the characteristics of individuals and objects. Prakriti as the Foundation The concept of Prakriti is central to this idea. It's described as the primordial substance where the three Gunas exist in a state of balance. This isn't just inert matter; it encompasses all aspects of reality, including cognitive and psychological functions. The five basic elements are considered to be derived from this fundamental Prakriti. Next Steps: Cosmic Manifestation I will now focus on understanding how the initial imbalance in the Gunas within Prakriti triggers the process of cosmic manifestation. Specifically, I'll be looking into the emergence of Mahat, often described as the cosmic intellect, and how Ahamkara, the ego or sense of self, arises from it. This should provide more clarity on the transition from the three Gunas to the eightfold material nature.

Researching websites

quora.com According to Samkhya philosophy, Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (Nature) were different (parallel) at first and then when they starts to interacting, this universe is created. Does that mean that our universe is conscious according to samkhya? - Quora

religion.uga.edu SAMKHYA AND YOGA: TWO CLASSICAL HINDU "PATHS OF INSIGHT" - Department of Religion

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

quora.com How do the gunas relate to the concept of Prakriti? - Quora

en.wikipedia.org Mahat-tattva - Wikipedia

britannica.com Indian philosophy - Samkhya, Dualism, Yoga | Britannica

jkyog.in Wisdom - 26- The Creation of Mahattattva, Ahankar ... - JKYog India

visionaryyoga.com Samkhya Philosophy: The Foundation of Yoga and Ayurveda

sivanandaonline.org Vedanta and the Phenomenal World - Sivanandaonline.org Understanding the Initial Stages I've gained a clearer understanding of the initial steps in the manifestation process. It appears that the equilibrium of the three Gunas (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas) in Prakriti is disturbed by Purusha (consciousness), leading to the emergence of Mahat, which is often referred to as the great intellect or cosmic intelligence. Following this, Ahamkara, or the ego, arises from Mahat. Ahamkara's Role in Differentiation Interestingly, I've found that Ahamkara itself isn't uniform. It seems to differentiate further based on the influence of the three Gunas. Specifically, Vaikarik or Sattvic Ahamkara is associated with the creation of the mind, Taijas or Rajasic Ahamkara with the senses, and Tamasic Ahamkara is linked to the origin of the five subtle elements known as Tanmatras (sound, touch, form, taste, smell). Further Exploration Needed My next step is to investigate how these Tanmatras, which are subtle elements, then give rise to the five gross elements or Mahabhutas (ether, air, fire, water, earth) that constitute the physical world as we perceive it. I will also look for more detailed explanations on how Ahamkara, influenced by the different Gunas, leads to the development of the mind and senses.

Researching websites

jkyog.in Wisdom - 26- The Creation of Mahattattva, Ahankar ... - JKYog India

scribd.com Vipaka | PDF | Hindu Mythology | Indian Religions - Scribd

jahm.co.in Understanding the genesis of Panchamahabhutas with special reference to Ayurvedic Srushtyutpatti Siddhant. Jour. of Ayurveda

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

bhagavadgitausa.com Bhagavad-Gita

auromere.wordpress.com Pancha-mahabhutas: the five subtle constituents of matter

en.wikipedia.org Tanmatras - Wikipedia

poojn.in Tanmatras: A Deep Dive into the Subtle Elements - India's Biggest Dashakarma Bhandar

sivanandaonline.org Vedanta and the Phenomenal World - Sivanandaonline.org

en.wikipedia.org Tanmatras - Wikipedia Ahamkara's Three Forms I've discovered that the ego, or Ahamkara, isn't a single entity but manifests in three different forms depending on which of the Gunas (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas) is dominant. This differentiation is key to understanding how the mind, senses, and subtle elements arise. From Subtle to Gross Elements My research indicates that the five subtle elements, known as Tanmatras (sound, touch, form, taste, smell), emerge from Tamasic Ahamkara. These Tanmatras then further evolve to create the five gross elements or Mahabhutas (ether, air, fire, water, earth) that make up the physical world we experience. Next Steps: Gunas' Influence I now need to delve deeper into how each of the three Gunas specifically influences the characteristics and functions of each of the eight components of material nature: the five elements, mind, intellect, and ego. I also plan to explore if different philosophical schools, like Vedanta, offer alternative perspectives on this process of cosmic evolution and the role of the Gunas.

Researching websites

ayurgamaya.com Three Gunas of Nature Decoded – Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas - Ayurgamaya

wisdomlib.org Eightfold nature: Significance and symbolism

britannica.com Indian philosophy - Yoga Sutras, Samkhya, Vedanta - Britannica

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Understanding personality from Ayurvedic perspective for psychological assessment: A case

vivechan.learngeeta.com Understanding the Deep Influence of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas: A Journey from Bondage to Supreme Freedom - गीता विवेचन

shahzadpurfarmyoga.com Sattva Rajas, Tamas Gunas | Their Role, Nature of in Yoga

maulikjournal.com Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas as tools for understanding psychological disorders - Journal of Ayurvedic Maulik Siddhant

yogainternational.com Cultivating Wisdom Through Sattvic Qualities - Yoga International

wisdomlib.org Three Gunas: Significance and symbolism

iskcondesiretree.com The modes of material nature - Blog - ISKCON Desire Tree | IDT

quora.com What is the difference between Samkhya and Advaita philosophies in Hinduism? - Quora

reddit.com A doubt regarding Advaita vs Sankhya : r/AdvaitaVedanta - Reddit

dnaofhinduism.com Ego (Ahamkara) - DNA Of Hinduism

en.wikipedia.org Guṇa - Wikipedia

traditionalmedicines.org Ego - Traditional Medicine

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

yogapedia.com What is Guna? - Definition from Yogapedia Guna Influence on Elements I've found some information about how the Gunas influence the five elements. Sattva is associated with the more subtle aspects like the sound of ether, while Rajas governs movement and energy in air and fire. Tamas is linked to the stability and form of earth and the fluidity of water. However, I still need to find more detailed explanations for each element. Mind, Intellect, and Ego Regarding the mind (Manas), intellect (Buddhi), and ego (Ahamkara), I've gathered that Sattva promotes clarity and wisdom in the intellect, Rajas fuels the ego's sense of individuality and the mind's active engagement with the world, and Tamas can lead to delusion and inertia in all three. I will continue to refine my understanding of these connections. Samkhya and Vedanta I've confirmed that Samkhya philosophy is central to the concept of the three Gunas giving rise to the eightfold material nature. Vedanta also incorporates these ideas, but I need to investigate further to understand any key differences in their explanations of this generative process. Further Research on Guna Interactions To get a more complete picture, I will now try to find more specific details on how Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas individually and collectively shape each of the five elements, as well as the mind, intellect, and ego. I will also continue to explore the perspectives of different philosophical schools to identify any variations in their understanding of this process.

Researching websites

beatayogadhyan.com 5 Elements of Nature Panchamahabhuta & Tridosha

ijrap.net triguna-tridosha relationship - Review Article

easyayurveda.com Panchamahabhuta: Application, Areas of Utility in Ayurveda treatment

easyayurveda.com Gurvadi Gunas – 20 Qualities Of Substances - Classification, Benefits - Easy Ayurveda

isha.sadhguru.org The Four Parts of Mind in Yoga - Buddhi, Manas, Ahankara and Chitta

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Importance of Manas Tattva: A searchlight in Yoga Darshana - PMC

wisdomlib.org 2. Samkhya-Vedanta view of Cosmology and Ayurveda

sreenivasaraos.com Samkhya : Part Six : Samkhya – Buddhism – Vedanta - sreenivasarao's blogs

britannica.com Indian philosophy - Yoga Sutras, Samkhya, Vedanta - Britannica

britannica.com Samkhya, Yoga, Dualism - Indian philosophy - Britannica

goldcoasthindu.wordpress.com

tripurashakti.com Gunas in Yoga Meditation - Tripurashakti

library.fiveable.me Samkhya: Dualistic philosophy | Intro to Hinduism Class Notes - Fiveable

yogainternational.com The Gunas: Nature's Three Fundamental Forces - Yoga International

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org Guṇa - Wikipedia

quora.com What is the difference between Samkhya and Advaita philosophies ...

traditionalmedicines.org Ego - Traditional Medicine

vivechan.learngeeta.com Understanding the Deep Influence of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas: A ...

shahzadpurfarmyoga.com Sattva Rajas, Tamas Gunas | Their Role, Nature of in Yoga Guna Influence on Elements I've gained further insights into how the three Gunas relate to the five basic elements. For instance, Sattva is often associated with the sensory aspects of the elements, like the sound of ether. Rajas is linked to the dynamic properties such as the movement of air and the heat of fire. Tamas, on the other hand, is connected to the more stable and gross characteristics, like the form of earth and the fluidity of water. I'm still looking for even more specific connections. Mind, Intellect, and Ego My understanding of the mind, intellect, and ego in relation to the Gunas has also improved. Sattva seems to foster clarity and wisdom within the intellect. Rajas drives the ego's sense of self and the mind's active engagement with the external world. Tamas can unfortunately lead to states of confusion and inactivity in these mental faculties. Comparing Philosophical Views While Samkhya philosophy provides a detailed framework for how the three Gunas lead to the eightfold material nature, I've started to look into how other schools, particularly Advaita Vedanta, approach this topic. It seems there might be variations in how they explain the role of the Gunas in the creation of these specific components. Next Steps: Refining Understanding My next steps involve trying to find more precise explanations of how each Guna contributes to the unique properties of each of the five elements. Additionally, I want to delve deeper into the specific differences between Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta's perspectives on the creation of the eightfold material nature through the influence of the Gunas.

Researching websites

vivechan.learngeeta.com Jñāna-chakṣhu help differentiate between Kṣhetra and Kṣhetrajña necessary to attain the Supreme Destination - विवेचन सारांश | [2025-01-11] 13th Adhyay (3/3) - by SAU VANDANA WARNEKAR JI

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

wisdomlib.org Universe Creation: Sat Raj Tam in Sankhya Yog and the Three Bodies.

sanskritdocuments.org The mind, according to advaita Vedanta-1 - Sanskrit Documents

mast.queensu.ca Samkhya and Yoga

vibrationalayurveda.com Philosophy, Sattva-Rajas-Tamas - Vibrational Ayurveda

hridaya-yoga.com The Three Gunas—Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas - Hridaya Yoga

clararobertsoss.com Samkhya Philosophy Quick Start Guide

indianphilosophy.50webs.com

ijrap.net triguna-tridosha relationship - Review Article

advaita-vedanta.org unit 14 - Advaita-Vedanta.org

researchgate.net (PDF) Rajas Guna - ResearchGate

ramakrishnavivekananda.info

hinduculturehub.com Journey of Understanding: Sankhya vs Vedanta Philosophical Teachings

quora.com What is the difference between Sankhya and Vedanta? Which philosophy is more realistic?

reddit.com Samkhya explained, and its relation to Advaita : r/hinduism - Reddit

reddit.com Advaita Vedanta Cosmology : r/hinduism - Reddit

en.wikipedia.org Hindu cosmology - Wikipedia

library.fiveable.me Samkhya: Dualistic philosophy | Intro to Hinduism Class Notes - Fiveable

vivechan.learngeeta.com The three gunas Sattva, Rajas and Tamas, are born of Prakṛti or Nature - गीता विवेचन

wisdomlib.org Tamas, Rajas, and Sattva: Significance and symbolism

en.wikipedia.org Prakṛti - Wikipedia

sivanandaonline.org Who are Fit to be My Disciples - Sivanandaonline.org Specific Guna Characteristics I've been refining my understanding of how each Guna influences the fundamental elements. Sattva is associated with qualities like luminosity and purity, Rajas with activity and dynamism, and Tamas with inertia and stability. These qualities manifest differently in each of the five elements, contributing to their unique characteristics. Mental Faculties and Gunas My research suggests that the three Gunas also play a significant role in shaping the mind, intellect, and ego. Sattva promotes clarity and wisdom in the intellect, Rajas fuels the ego's sense of self and the mind's engagement with the world, while Tamas can lead to confusion and attachment. Contrasting Philosophical Views I'm now focusing on understanding the nuances between Samkhya and Vedanta philosophies regarding the creation process. While both acknowledge the importance of the three Gunas, their perspectives on the ultimate reality (Prakriti vs. Brahman) and the nature of creation seem to differ, which likely affects how they view the role of the Gunas.

Researching websites

dharmawheel.net Non-Duality in Dzogchen vs Advaita Vedanta - Page 4 - Dharma Wheel

en.wikipedia.org Ishvara - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

ijims.com Indian Philosophical Schools and the Foundations of Science - International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS)

resource.download.wjec.co.uk

hinduculturehub.com Journey of Understanding: Sankhya vs Vedanta Philosophical Teachings

clararobertsoss.com Exploration of the 3 Gunas to Enhance Your Understanding

easyayurveda.com Understanding Agni: Concept, Definition, Functions, Types - Easy Ayurveda

fiveable.me Brahman, Atman, and their relationship in Advaita Vedanta | Indian Philosophy Class Notes

reddit.com Help me understand Maya and Brahman. : r/AdvaitaVedanta - Reddit

library.fiveable.me Samkhya: Dualistic philosophy | Intro to Hinduism Class Notes - Fiveable

noblesciencepress.org CHAPTER-01

carakasamhitaonline.com Jala mahabhuta - Charak Samhita

en.wikipedia.org Prakṛti - Wikipedia

bhaktimarga.ie The Essence of Life: The Five Elements of Sankhya - Bhakti Marga Ireland

yogananda.com.au ether — akasha - Paramahansa Yogananda

philosophy.institute Prakrti: The Unmanifested Cosmic Energy in Samkhya - Philosophy Institute

blog.siddhesh.me Srushti Utappati - Formation of the Universe - Siddhesh's Blog

wisdomlib.org CHAPTER II AYURVEDA AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY - AN OVERVIEW

ayurvedacollege.com The Five Elements: Air in Ayurveda

advaita-vedanta.org The Advaita Vedânta Home Page - Theories of Creation and Causality Guna Properties in Elements I've been able to gather more specific details on how the Gunas manifest in the five elements. Sattva contributes subtle qualities like the sound of ether, Rajas is responsible for the movement of air and the heat of fire, and Tamas provides the stability of earth and the fluidity of water. These are still general associations, and I'm looking for more in-depth explanations. Mental Aspects and Gunas My understanding of how the Gunas influence the mind, intellect, and ego has been further refined. Sattva is linked to clarity and wisdom in the intellect, Rajas to the ego's sense of self and the mind's activity, and Tamas to inertia and delusion. These connections help explain the different modes of mental functioning.

Researching websites

journalgrid.com Evolution of GURVADI GUNA– understanding and application: A review - JournalGRID

hathajoga.lt Yoga Sutras of Patanjali with the Exposition of Vyasa - Hatha joga

en.wikipedia.org Samkhyakarika - Wikipedia

iamj.in Meghana Navada et al: Role of panchamahabhuta in the formation of garbha - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal

wisdomlib.org Understanding Panchamahabhuta: Pharmacological Foundations in Ayurveda

mysticknowledge.org THE YOGA SUTRAS - Mystic Knowledge

wisdomlib.org An overview on hypothyroidism in ayurveda

yogastlouis.us Samkhya Cosmogeny in Asana - Yoga St. Louis

swamij.com Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 4.13-4.14: Objects and the 3 gunas - SwamiJ.com

swami-krishnananda.org The Play of the Gunas - The Study and Practice of Yoga - Chapter 29 - Swami Krishnananda

wisdomlib.org CHAPTER II AYURVEDA AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY - AN OVERVIEW

carakasamhitaonline.com Tamas - Charak Samhita

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Building bridges between Ayurveda and Modern Science - PMC

wisdomlib.org Concept of triguna and its utility in defining different personalities

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Concept of personality: Indian perspective - PMC

anandamyogaschool.com What are the Three Gunas in Yoga? | Anandam Yoga School

wjpmr.com importance of triguna and its significance in affecting mental health: a review study from in - WJPMR

en.wikipedia.org Tanmatras - Wikipedia

clararobertsoss.com Samkhya Philosophy Quick Start Guide

hridaya-yoga.com The Three Gunas—Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas - Hridaya Yoga

en.wikipedia.org Ishvara - Wikipedia

reddit.com What is the role of Ishwara in Advaita? : r/AdvaitaVedanta - Reddit

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

jkyog.in 26- The Creation of Mahattattva, Ahankar, Five Tanmatras, and Five Great Elements

yesvedanta.com Comparing Major Schools of Philosophies: A Critical Analysis - Yes Vedanta

quora.com What is the concept of tattvas in Vaishnavism philosophy? - Quora Guna Characteristics I've been able to identify some key characteristics associated with each of the three Gunas. Sattva is linked to purity and luminosity, Rajas to activity and dynamism, and Tamas to inertia and stability. These fundamental qualities are believed to permeate all aspects of existence. Mental Faculties and Influence My research indicates that these Gunas also exert influence over our mental capacities. Sattva is associated with clarity and wisdom in the intellect, Rajas with the ego's sense of self and the mind's active engagement, and Tamas with states of confusion and attachment. Next Steps: Deeper Dive I'm now going to try and find more specific details about how each of these Gunas uniquely contributes to the characteristics of the five basic elements (ether, air, fire, water, earth). I also want to explore the differences in how Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta philosophies explain this process of manifestation from the Gunas.

Researching websites

egyankosh.ac.in Unit 3 SAMKHYA PHILOSOPHY - eGyanKosh

theukayurvediccentre.com Samkhya Philosophy of Creation - The UK Ayurvedic Centre

wisdomlib.org 3. Physical properties of Vayu

quora.com What is the difference between Samkhya Yoga and Advaita Vedanta philosophies? - Quora

en.wikipedia.org Prakṛti - Wikipedia

britannica.com Indian philosophy - Samkhya, Dualism, Yoga | Britannica

clararobertsoss.com Samkhya Philosophy Quick Start Guide

anandamyogaschool.com What are the Three Gunas in Yoga? | Anandam Yoga School

groups.google.com Ishwara has no real authorship, kartrutvam, in the creation of the world - Srimad Bhagavatam

poojn.in Samkhya and Other Indian Philosophical Schools: A Comparative Analysis - India's Biggest Dashakarma Bhandar | Poojn.in

shivayashiva.wordpress.com

vivechan.learngeeta.com The three gunas Sattva, Rajas and Tamas, are born of Prakṛti or Nature - गीता विवेचन

yesvedanta.com Comparing Major Schools of Philosophies: A Critical Analysis - Yes Vedanta

iep.utm.edu Advaita Vedanta - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

en.wikipedia.org Advaita Vedanta - Wikipedia

wisdomlib.org Essence of agni: Significance and symbolism

wisdomlib.org Three Gunas: Significance and symbolism

wisdomlib.org Qualities of gunas: Significance and symbolism

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

wisdomlib.org Vayu (air): Significance and symbolism

en.wikipedia.org Guṇa - Wikipedia

wisdomlib.org Akasha: Significance and symbolism

asischaudhuri.wordpress.com

en.wikipedia.org Akasha - Wikipedia

savitri.in XL—Six Systems of Indian Philosophy (Samkhya) by Sanjeev Nayyar Feb 21 2010 - Savitri | Library

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Application of Satkaryavada based on theory of Karya-Karana Vada - PMC

yogajala.com Understanding The Three Gunas: Tamas, Rajas & Sattva - Yogajala Guna Properties in Elements I've found some general associations of the Gunas with the elements. Sattva is linked to the sensory aspects, Rajas to movement and energy, and Tamas to stability and gross form. However, I'm still aiming to find more specific philosophical explanations for how each Guna uniquely contributes to the inherent nature of each of the five elements. Mental Aspects and Gunas My understanding of the relationship between the Gunas and the mind, intellect, and ego continues to develop. Sattva appears to promote clarity in the intellect, Rajas fuels the ego and the mind's activity, and Tamas can lead to inertia and delusion. These connections provide a framework for understanding different aspects of our mental functioning. Further Research Needed I will now focus on finding more detailed information about the specific influence of each Guna on each of the five elements. Additionally, I plan to investigate the variations in how Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta philosophies explain the emergence of the eightfold material nature from the three Gunas, particularly focusing on the Advaita Vedanta perspective and comparing it with the Samkhya model.

Researching websites

clararobertsoss.com Samkhya Philosophy Quick Start Guide

quora.com What are the features of Sankhya philosophy? - Quora

ebsco.com The Crest Jewel of Wisdom by Sankaracharya | EBSCO Research Starters

researchgate.net (PDF) SHANKAR'S PERSPECTIVE ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF MAYA AND BRAHMA.

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

brettlarkin.com What Are The Gunas In Yoga? A Complete Overview - Brett Larkin

dharmawheel.net Non-Duality in Dzogchen vs Advaita Vedanta - Page 4 - Dharma Wheel

reddit.com What is the role of Ishwara in Advaita? : r/AdvaitaVedanta - Reddit

britannica.com Samkhya, Yoga, Dualism - Indian philosophy - Britannica

indianyoga.org Sāṁkhya And Vedānta: A Comparative Analysis - International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences

library.fiveable.me Samkhya: Dualistic philosophy | Intro to Hinduism Class Notes - Fiveable

savitri.in XL—Six Systems of Indian Philosophy (Samkhya) by Sanjeev Nayyar Feb 21 2010 - Savitri | Library

academyofvedicvidya.com The Five Elements (Pancha Mahabhutas) in Vedic Science

universityofpatanjali.com MA in Yoga Science - University Of Patanjali

iep.utm.edu Advaita Vedanta - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

jkyog.in 26- The Creation of Mahattattva, Ahankar, Five Tanmatras, and Five Great Elements

sportsjournal.in Balancing Trigunas with yogic practices - International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education

wisdomlib.org CHAPTER II AYURVEDA AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY - AN OVERVIEW

iep.utm.edu Sankhya | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

core.ac.uk theory of gunas in samkhya philosophy - CORE Guna Characteristics I've identified that Sattva is associated with balance and harmony, Rajas with passion and activity, and Tamas with inertia and ignorance. These three fundamental qualities, or Gunas, are understood to be present in varying degrees in everything. Prakriti and Manifestation The concept of Prakriti is central, representing the primordial substance where these Gunas exist in equilibrium. The disturbance of this balance is believed to initiate the manifestation of the material world, including the five elements (ether, air, fire, water, earth) and the mental faculties (mind, intellect, ego). Next Steps: Specific Influences I will now concentrate on finding more specific details about how each of these Gunas uniquely contributes to the characteristics of the five basic elements. Additionally, I aim to further explore the differences in how Samkhya and Advaita Vedanta philosophies explain this process of manifestation from the Gunas.

Researching websites

advaita-vedanta.org The Advaita Vedânta Home Page - Advaita-Vedanta.org

hridaya-yoga.com The Three Gunas—Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas - Hridaya Yoga

wisdomlib.org Three Gunas: Significance and symbolism

umassd.edu Akasha (Space) and Shabda (Sound): Vedic and Acoustical perspectives

en.wikipedia.org Samkhya - Wikipedia

wisdomlib.org 2. The Samkhya system

dasarpai.com Introduction to Upanishads | dasarpAI

rishiprasad.org Composition of the Tanmatras of the Five Mahabhutas and their functions - Rishi Prasad

swami-krishnananda.org An Analysis of the Brahma Sutra - Swami Krishnananda

en.wikipedia.org Ishvara - Wikipedia

resource.download.wjec.co.uk

irjmets.com THE ROLE OF THE GUNAS IN SANKHYA PHILOSOPHY: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS - IRJMETS

yesvedanta.com Comparing Major Schools of Philosophies: A Critical Analysis - Yes Vedanta

en.wikipedia.org Advaita Vedanta - Wikipedia

jkyog.in 26- The Creation of Mahattattva, Ahankar, Five Tanmatras, and Five Great Elements

easyayurveda.com Panchamahabhuta: Application, Areas of Utility in Ayurveda treatment

unbrokenself.com The Three Gunas: A Revolutionary Model for Mastering Your Mind and Life - Unbroken Self

sanatanbrahmand.com Triguna - SANATANBRAHMAND

en.wikipedia.org Prakṛti - Wikipedia

core.ac.uk theory of gunas in samkhya philosophy - CORE

clararobertsoss.com Samkhya Philosophy Quick Start Guide

utppublishing.com The Ultimate Reality and Meaning of Samkhya - University of Toronto Press

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Concept of personality: Indian perspective - PMC

easyayurveda.com Understanding Agni: Concept, Definition, Functions, Types - Easy Ayurveda

sreenivasaraos.com Samkhya-Karika | sreenivasarao's blogs Guna Properties I've been able to gather that the three Gunas – Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas – represent fundamental qualities. Sattva embodies goodness and harmony, Rajas signifies passion and activity, and Tamas represents inertia and ignorance. These qualities are not separate but are present in varying proportions in all things. Prakriti and Creation My research indicates that Prakriti is the primordial substance where these three Gunas exist in a state of equilibrium. The imbalance of these Gunas is considered the starting point for the manifestation of the material universe, which includes the five basic elements as well as the mind, intellect, and ego.

@ e39333da:7c66e53a

::youtube{#UOIg2lFVsJE}

The developers, Hanger 13, along with the publisher, 2K Games, have announced that Mafia: The Old Country, a third-person action adventure game, will be releasing on both PC (Steam) and consoles on the 8th of August 2025, and with it they've released a new gameplay trailer.

::youtube{#lVhXaoX25AE}

They've also release a 7 minute long developer diary that showcases the game in a more in-depth look at it. It's worth noting that the game isn't an open-world game, but rather a linear one.

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

Die zwei mächtigsten Krieger sind Geduld und Zeit. \ Leo Tolstoi

Zum Wohle unserer Gesundheit, unserer Leistungsfähigkeit und letztlich unseres Glücks ist es wichtig, die eigene Energie bewusst zu pflegen. Das gilt umso mehr für an gesellschaftlichen Themen interessierte, selbstbewusste und kritisch denkende Menschen. Denn für deren Wahrnehmung und Wohlbefinden waren und sind die rasanten, krisen- und propagandagefüllten letzten Jahre in Absurdistan eine harte Probe.

Nur wer regelmäßig Kraft tankt und Wege findet, mit den Herausforderungen umzugehen, kann eine solche Tortur überstehen, emotionale Erschöpfung vermeiden und trotz allem zufrieden sein. Dazu müssen wir erkunden, was uns Energie gibt und was sie uns raubt. Durch Selbstreflexion und Achtsamkeit finden wir sicher Dinge, die uns erfreuen und inspirieren, und andere, die uns eher stressen und belasten.

Die eigene Energie ist eng mit unserer körperlichen und mentalen Gesundheit verbunden. Methoden zur Förderung der körperlichen Gesundheit sind gut bekannt: eine ausgewogene Ernährung, regelmäßige Bewegung sowie ausreichend Schlaf und Erholung. Bei der nicht minder wichtigen emotionalen Balance wird es schon etwas komplizierter. Stress abzubauen, die eigenen Grenzen zu kennen oder solche zum Schutz zu setzen sowie die Konzentration auf Positives und Sinnvolles wären Ansätze.

Der emotionale ist auch der Bereich, über den «Energie-Räuber» bevorzugt attackieren. Das sind zum Beispiel Dinge wie Überforderung, Perfektionismus oder mangelhafte Kommunikation. Social Media gehören ganz sicher auch dazu. Sie stehlen uns nicht nur Zeit, sondern sind höchst manipulativ und erhöhen laut einer aktuellen Studie das Risiko für psychische Probleme wie Angstzustände und Depressionen.

Geben wir negativen oder gar bösen Menschen keine Macht über uns. Das Dauerfeuer der letzten Jahre mit Krisen, Konflikten und Gefahren sollte man zwar kennen, darf sich aber davon nicht runterziehen lassen. Das Ziel derartiger konzertierter Aktionen ist vor allem, unsere innere Stabilität zu zerstören, denn dann sind wir leichter zu steuern. Aber Geduld: Selbst vermeintliche «Sonnenköniginnen» wie EU-Kommissionspräsidentin von der Leyen fallen, wenn die Zeit reif ist.

Es ist wichtig, dass wir unsere ganz eigenen Bedürfnisse und Werte erkennen. Unsere Energiequellen müssen wir identifizieren und aktiv nutzen. Dazu gehören soziale Kontakte genauso wie zum Beispiel Hobbys und Leidenschaften. Umgeben wir uns mit Sinnhaftigkeit und lassen wir uns nicht die Energie rauben!

Mein Wahlspruch ist schon lange: «Was die Menschen wirklich bewegt, ist die Kultur.» Jetzt im Frühjahr beginnt hier in Andalusien die Zeit der «Ferias», jener traditionellen Volksfeste, die vor Lebensfreude sprudeln. Konzentrieren wir uns auf die schönen Dinge und auf unsere eigenen Talente – soziale Verbundenheit wird helfen, unsere innere Kraft zu stärken und zu bewahren.

[Titelbild: Pixabay]

---

Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben und ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

In case you haven’t noticed, I’ve spent a lot of time reading Revelation lately. Last night, I was reading the letters to the seven churches in Revelation. It got me thinking about the church or churches today.

“To the angel of the church in Laodicea write:

The Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God, says this:

‘I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot; I wish that you were cold or hot. So because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spit you out of My mouth. Because you say, “I am rich, and have become wealthy, and have need of nothing,” and you do not know that you are wretched and miserable and poor and blind and naked, I advise you to buy from Me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and white garments so that you may clothe yourself, and that the shame of your nakedness will not be revealed; and eye salve to anoint your eyes so that you may see. Those whom I love, I reprove and discipline; therefore be zealous and repent. Behold, I stand at the door and knock; if anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and will dine with him, and he with Me. He who overcomes, I will grant to him to sit down with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.’ ” (Revelation 3:14-22)

Sadly the church in Revelation, that the majority of American churches most closely resembles, is the church in Laodicea. (FYI, like most large generalizations, there are exceptions, of course)

Last I heard, America still had the most churches, Christian book stores, Christian radio stations, etc., but is America still the most Christian? I strongly have my doubts. Most modern, American churches seem to be more about socialization, entertainment, and making people feel good about themselves, even if what they really need is repentance. I even have doubts that many institutions that call themselves churches are churches (as defined by God) or have any true believers as members.

‘I know your tribulation and your poverty (but you are rich), and the blasphemy by those who say they are Jews and are not, but are a synagogue of Satan. (Revelation 2:9)

Although this verse is referring to those who call themselves Jews and are not, I think we are seeing those who say they are Christians and are not, but are a church of Satan. Of course this is definitely not true of all churches.

The most common thing I see, though, is the lukewarm churches, where members show up on Sunday, check that off their list, and then go on living life like everyone else around them. Surveys show that rates of divorce, abortion, and other anti-biblical choices are as common among self-proclaimed Christians as among those who claim no faith.

These churches hear the Bible, but don’t hunger for the Word of God. They listen to God’s commands, but don’t live them out in their daily lives. Just like the Pharisees, they have the trappings of religion, but not the spirit of God. Worship is singing along with a rock band rather than falling on their face in awe of their Creator.

Just like what was predicted:

For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but wanting to have their ears tickled, they will accumulate for themselves teachers in accordance to their own desires, and will turn away their ears from the truth and will turn aside to myths. (2 Timothy 4:3-4) {emphasis mine}

Church services become self-help services. The word of God gets subverted by culture and “science.” Some church leaders intentionally ignore certain passages and take others out of context, so they will be popular and have growth. Sadly a growth in “butts in seats” is not what matters, if it isn’t accompanied by a growth in trust in Jesus and a growth in discipleship. These churches give a lot of people the false hope that they will be going to Heaven when they die. They will be shocked to hear “I never knew you.”

“Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter. Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?’ And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness.’ (Matthew 7:21-23) {emphasis mine}

Like the church in Laodicea, the church in America is rich in material wealth compared to others. Like the church in Laodicea, the American church relies too much on their wealth and freedom instead of putting their faith in God through good times and bad. Like the church in Laodicea, the American church has the trappings of faith without the reality of faith as shown by works (lifestyle). Most unfortunately, like the church in Laodicea, the American church is full of people who will almost certainly hear “I never knew you.”

What does Jesus say the solution is? “Be zealous and repent.”

Nothing in life should be more important to us than our relationship with our Creator and Savior. If we’ve relegated Him to the margins, we need to repent. We need to turn back to God and seek Him first.

Do not worry then, saying, ‘What will we eat?’ or ‘What will we drink?’ or ‘What will we wear for clothing?’ For the Gentiles eagerly seek all these things; for your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things. But seek first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things will be added to you. (Matthew 6:31-33) {emphasis mine}

Even if we aren’t actively doing evil, it is so easy to get distracted by life and not include God in our lives. Instead of God being just someone who we worship for and hour or two on Sunday morning and pray to at meals, He should be our guiding force for all things in our lives. He should be our focus and guiding light. We should long for His word and study the Bible daily. We should seek His guidance in decisions big and small. We should interact with others with the same goals and love as Jesus did when He was living a mortal life on earth. Our lives should look different.

I love what was said about Jesus’s disciples:

Now as they observed the confidence of Peter and John and understood that they were uneducated and untrained men, they were amazed, and began to recognize them as having been with Jesus. (Acts 4:13) {emphasis mine}

I want everyone who meets me to see Jesus in me and recognize that I have been with Jesus. Do you? Or do you want to blend in and look like those around you because that is easier and more comfortable?

Now for this very reason also, applying all diligence, in your faith supply moral excellence, and in your moral excellence, knowledge, and in your knowledge, self-control, and in your self-control, perseverance, and in your perseverance, godliness, and in your godliness, brotherly kindness, and in your brotherly kindness, love. For if these qualities are yours and are increasing, they render you neither useless nor unfruitful in the true knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. For he who lacks these qualities is blind or short-sighted, having forgotten his purification from his former sins. Therefore, brethren, be all the more diligent to make certain about His calling and choosing you; for as long as you practice these things, you will never stumble; for in this way the entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ will be abundantly supplied to you. (2 Peter 1:5-11) {emphasis mine}

Peter gives some good advice on becoming more Christ-like and fruitful. He tells us to apply all diligence in:

• faith

• moral excellence

• perseverance

• godliness

• brotherly kindness

• love

He tells us that lacking these traits is “blind or short-sighted” and leads to us being unfruitful and useless. I don’t know about you, but I do NOT want Jesus to think of me as useless.

May the God of heaven increase your faith, grow your desire to know God through prayer and study of His Word, and help you to live the life you were designed to live. May he help you to avoid worldly distractions and to have the strength to stand firm on the foundation of Jesus especially when this means you have to stand up against the crowd. May you be fruitful and useful all of the days of your life.

Trust Jesus.

@ 3f68dede:779bb81d

sdsdsdsd

@ 3f68dede:779bb81d

@ 83279ad2:bd49240d

test nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpqe8ntfgamz8sh3p88w99x5k2r7mksjrvm2xghju9qj00j75jfqdqyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qyghwumn8ghj7u3wddhk56tjvyhxjmcpr3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmqpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wvh8xmmrd9skcqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0qy28wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mqzrmhwden5te0dehhxarj9ekk7mgpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqqyqknwtnxd4422ya9nh0qrcwfy6q3hhruyqaukvh2fpcu94es3tvu20tf7nt nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpqe8ntfgamz8sh3p88w99x5k2r7mksjrvm2xghju9qj00j75jfqdqyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qyghwumn8ghj7u3wddhk56tjvyhxjmcpr3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmqpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wvh8xmmrd9skcqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0qy28wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mqzrmhwden5te0dehhxarj9ekk7mgpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqqyqknwtnxd4422ya9nh0qrcwfy6q3hhruyqaukvh2fpcu94es3tvu20tf7nt

@ 3a9a4c49:f774dd7a

Keeping a home safe and functioning means being sure that your boiler is functioning well and having a valid Gas Safety Certificate. If you're looking for 'https://certificates4uk.co.uk/boiler-replacement-services/' or a trusted Gas Safety Certificate company near me, stop searching at Certificates 4 UK. Our services include professional boiler servicing, repair, and safety certification to keep your home compliant and safe.

**Why Certificates 4 UK for Boiler Repairs?

** A malfunctioning boiler means high energy bills, cold showers, and, ultimately, gas leaks that might be harmful. Hence, timely boiler service near me is of prime importance. At Certificates 4 UK, our Gas Safe registered engineers can promptly and accurately troubleshoot and carry out any repairs on your boiler. Whether it is a faulty thermostat, low pressure, or a complete breakdown, we restore your heating to peak performance.

****Common Boiler Problems We Fix:

---

• No heating or hot water is often caused by broken diaphragms, airlocks, or valve failures.
• Leaking or dripping boilers could be due to broken internal components or high pressure.
• Strange noises(banging, gurgling, whistling) usually indicate limescale buildup or trapped air.
• The pilot light keeps going out this may indicate a faulty thermocouple or draught affecting the flame.
• Boiler pressure issues: Besides improvement of efficiency, the pressure should not be excessively high or low in any boiler.

Our experts offer same-day emergency repair services to make sure you never have to cope without the heating when needed.

**

Significance of Gas Safety Certificate.

** Gas Safety Certification, or CP12, is a necessary proviso for landlords. Homeowners also are supposed to do annual gas safety checks to avail against carbon monoxide leakages and gas-based catastrophes. When looking for an honest https://certificates4uk.co.uk/gas-services/, Certificates 4 UK should be a prime consideration to provide you with quick, cheap, and legally satisfactory inspections.

**What is a part of the Gas Safety Check?

**

## **Our Gas Safe engineers will:

** * Inspect all gas appliances (boilers, cookers, and fires) to detect leaks or defects. * Check ventilation and flue systems to ensure no obstruction of exhaust flow. * Test gas pressure and safety controls. * Submit a report and provide a Gas Safety Certificate if all equipment passes.

Every landlord is expected to renew this certificate once a year and provide a copy to their tenants. Otherwise, there are hefty-to-hidden fines, ' fines or imprisonment.'

**Why Trust Certificates 4 UK?

** * Gas Safe Registered Engineers : All our technicians are fully qualified and approved. * Fast & Reliable Service : Same-day and next-day appointments. * Competitive Pricing : Reasonable rates without having to cut costs on quality. * Nationwide Coverage Helping homeowners and landlords throughout the UK.

**Book Your Boiler Repair or Gas Safety Check Today!

** Do not wait for a day when your boiler gives up on you or when your gas certificate lapses! Call Certificates 4 UK today for professional boiler repair near me or a Gas Safety Certificate inspection. By going with Certificates 4 UK, you are assured of high-quality boiler repair and gas safety compliance. Whenever you need an emergency fix or an annual inspection, we have got you covered. Lastly, put any doubts about 'boiler repairs near me' or 'gas safety certificate companies near me' to rest; rest assured, the experts at Certificates 4 UK will provide you with peace of mind!

@ ee6ea13a:959b6e74

Reposted without permission from Business Insider.

Bitcoin Is A Joke

Joe Weisenthal Nov 6, 2013, 10:42 PM UTC

REUTERS/Eliana Aponte

Bitcoin is back in the news, as the digital currency has surged to new all-time highs in recent weeks.

A few weeks ago, it was just above $100. Today it's over $260.

This surge has prompted Timothy B Lee at The Washington Post to ask whether those who have called it a bubble in the past should retract and admit that they were wrong.

Well I'm not totally sure if I've called it a bubble, but I have spoken negatively of it, and I'll say that I still think it's a joke, and probably in a bubble.

Now first of all, I find the premise of Lee's post to be hilarious. The currency has been surging several percent every day lately, and that's evidence that it's not in a bubble?

Before going on, I want to be clear that saying something is a bubble is not saying it will go down. It could go to $500 or $1000 or $10,000. That's the nature of manias.

But make no mistake, Bitcoin is not the currency of the future. It has no intrinsic value.

Now this idea of "intrinsic value" when it comes to currency bothers people, and Bitcoin Bugs will immediately ask why the U.S. dollar has intrinsic value. There's an answer to that. The U.S. Dollar has intrinsic value because the U.S. government which sets the laws of doing business in the United States says it has intrinsic value. If you want to conduct commerce in the United States you have to pay taxes, and there's only one currency you're allowed to pay taxes in: U.S. dollars. There's no getting around this fact. Furthermore, if you want to use the banking system at all, there's no choice but to use U.S. dollars, because that's the currency of the Fed which is behind the whole thing.

On top of all these laws requiring the U.S. dollar to be used, the United States has a gigantic military that can force people around the world to use dollars (if it came to that) so yes, there's a lot of real-world value behind greenbacks.

Bitcoin? Nada. There's nothing keeping it being a thing. If people lose faith in it, it's over. Bitcoin is fiat currency in the most literal sense of the word.

But it gets worse. Bitcoin is mostly just a speculative vehicle. Yes, there are PR stunts about bars and other shops accepting bitcoins. And there is a Bitcoin ATM for some reason. But mostly Bitcoin is a speculative vehicle. And really, you'd be insane to actually conduct a sizable amount of commerce in bitcoins. That's because the price swings so wildly, that the next day, there's a good chance that one of the parties will have gotten royally screwed. Either the purchaser of the good will have ended up totally blowing a huge opportunity (by not holding longer) or the seller will be totally screwed (if Bitcoin instantly plunges). The very volatility that excited people to want to play the Bitcoin game is death when it comes to real transactions in the real world.

Again, Bitcoin might go up a lot more before it ultimately ends. That's the nature of bubbles. The dotcom bubble crashed a bunch of times on its way up. Then one day it ended. The same will happen with this.

In the meantime, have fun speculating!

@ e516ecb8:1be0b167

El mundo está al borde del abismo. La Guerra Fría amenaza con volverse nuclear, las superpotencias se miran con desconfianza, y la humanidad parece tener un pie en la tumba. Entra Adrian Veidt, alias Ozymandias, el hombre más listo del planeta, con un plan tan genial como perturbador: matar a millones para salvar a miles de millones. ¿Un villano sacado de un cómic? No exactamente. En Watchmen de Alan Moore y Dave Gibbons, Ozymandias es un utilitarista radical que cree que el fin justifica los medios. Pero, ¿y si su plan suena sospechosamente parecido a las ideas de Lenin, quien justificó la muerte de millones por un supuesto "bien mayor"? Prepárate para un viaje que conecta el calamar gigante de Watchmen con las ríadas de prisioneros hacia los gulags, con un toque de historia y filosofía para mantenerte pegado a la pantalla.

Ozymandias: El arquitecto del apocalipsis controlado Adrian Veidt, alias Ozymandias, no es un héroe común. Es un multimillonario, un estratega brillante y un admirador de Alejandro Magno que lleva el utilitarismo a extremos aterradores. Su plan en Watchmen es una obra maestra de manipulación: crea una criatura interdimensional falsa que mata a millones en Nueva York, haciendo que las naciones, presas del pánico ante una amenaza "alienígena", dejen sus rencillas y se unan. ¿El resultado? La Guerra Fría se desvanece, los misiles se guardan, y el mundo respira… por ahora.

Ozymandias no es un psicópata que disfruta el caos. Está atormentado, pero convencido de que sacrificar a millones es la única forma de evitar la extinción. Su lógica es fría, calculadora y, curiosamente, tiene un eco inquietante en los escritos de Lenin y el marxismo-leninismo, donde la violencia y la muerte se justificaban como un precio "razonable" por la revolución.

Lenin: La revolución vale unos cuantos millones Vladímir Lenin, el cerebro detrás de la Revolución Bolchevique, no era de los que se andaban con rodeos. En sus escritos, como El Estado y la Revolución (1917) y ¿Qué hacer? (1902), defendía que la revolución socialista requería una ruptura violenta con el viejo orden. Para Lenin, la burguesía, los kulaks (campesinos propietarios) y los "contrarrevolucionarios" eran obstáculos que debían ser eliminados, incluso si eso significaba sangre. En una carta de 1918, Lenin instó a "aplastar sin piedad" a los enemigos de la revolución, y en otro escrito de ese año, justificó el "terror rojo" diciendo que "unas decenas o cientos de miles de víctimas" eran un costo insignificante comparado con el triunfo del socialismo. Para él, estas muertes eran un mal necesario para construir un mundo sin clases.

Pero no todo quedó en teoría. Durante la Guerra Civil Rusa (1917-1922), la Cheka, la policía secreta de Lenin, ejecutó a decenas de miles y envió a otros tantos a campos de trabajo que, como señala Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn en Archipiélago Gulag, fueron el germen de las "ríadas" de prisioneros que caracterizarían el sistema de gulags. Antes de que Stalin elevara el horror a niveles industriales, Lenin ya había sentado las bases de un sistema donde el sacrificio humano era moneda corriente. Solzhenitsyn describe cómo, desde 1918, los campos se llenaban de "enemigos del pueblo" —desde nobles hasta campesinos que se resistían a la colectivización—, todo en nombre de un futuro utópico que nunca llegó.

Marxismo-Leninismo: Una utopía empapada en sangre El marxismo-leninismo prometía un paraíso sin clases, pero el camino hacia él estaba pavimentado con cadáveres. Bajo Lenin, y más tarde Stalin, millones murieron en purgas, hambrunas como el Holodomor en Ucrania (1932-1933), y en los gulags. La lógica era utilitarista, como la de Ozymandias: sacrificar a una generación por un "bien mayor". Pero, a diferencia del plan de Veidt, el proyecto marxista-leninista nunca llegó a puerto. La Unión Soviética se industrializó, sí, pero a un costo humano atroz, y el sueño socialista se desmoronó en 1991, dejando un legado de desigualdad, burocracia corrupta y memoriales a las víctimas.

¿Por qué Ozymandias “gana” y Lenin fracasa? Aquí está la gran diferencia. En Watchmen, el plan de Ozymandias funciona, al menos por un tiempo. Las naciones se unen, la guerra nuclear se evita, y la paz parece posible. ¿Por qué? Porque Ozymandias es un genio que controla cada detalle: la ciencia, la narrativa, el momento exacto del "ataque". Su plan es una coreografía perfecta, sin espacio para el caos humano. En cambio, Lenin y sus sucesores lidiaron con economías complejas, sociedades rebeldes y errores garrafales. La colectivización forzada provocó hambrunas, las purgas alienaron a aliados, y la burocracia soviética se volvió un monstruo inmanejable. El marxismo-leninismo nunca pudo ser tan "limpio" como el calamar de Ozymandias.

Pero hay un detalle crucial: el plan de Ozymandias depende del secreto. Si el mundo descubriera que el ataque fue un montaje, la paz se derrumbaría. Y aquí entra Rorschach, el vigilante que no transige con la moral. Su diario, que revela la verdad, queda en manos de un periódico al final del cómic. Si se publica, adiós al sueño de Veidt. En la vida real, el marxismo-leninismo no tuvo un "diario de Rorschach" que expusiera un engaño específico, pero sus fracasos —hambrunas, gulags, estancamiento— fueron prueba suficiente de que la utopía era una quimera.

El dilema: ¿Justifica el fin los medios? Tanto Ozymandias como Lenin nos enfrentan a una pregunta espinosa: ¿está bien matar a millones por un supuesto bien mayor? En Watchmen, Moore no da respuestas fáciles. Ozymandias es un héroe y un monstruo al mismo tiempo, y su éxito pende de un hilo. En la vida real, las justificaciones de Lenin y sus seguidores se desmoronan ante el peso de las tragedias. Los gulags, las hambrunas y las purgas no llevaron al paraíso prometido, sino a un callejón sin salida.

Lo que hace a Watchmen tan brillante es su capacidad para hacernos pensar sin predicarnos. Ozymandias cree que está salvando al mundo, pero su paz es tan frágil como un castillo de naipes. Lenin, por su parte, soñó con una revolución que cambiaría la historia, pero dejó un legado de sufrimiento que Solzhenitsyn no nos deja olvidar.

Conclusión: Un cómic que refleja nuestras paradojas Watchmen no es solo un cómic; es un espejo de nuestras ambiciones y fracasos. Ozymandias, con su plan para la paz, nos recuerda a Lenin y su fe ciega en un futuro mejor, aun a costa de millones de vidas. En el cómic, la utopía de Veidt funciona… hasta que Rorschach amenaza con exponerla. En la vida real, el marxismo-leninismo nunca llegó tan lejos, y las "ríadas" hacia los gulags son un recordatorio de lo que pasa cuando los sueños utópicos se encuentran con la realidad.

¿Qué piensas? ¿Es Ozymandias un visionario o un tirano? ¿Y qué tan lejos estamos de justificar horrores por un “bien mayor”? ¿Crees que un plan así funcionaría pero solamente si lo ejecuta la persona “correcta”?

@ bbef5093:71228592

Technológiai fejlemények

Az Egyesült Államokban és világszerte jelentős előrelépések történtek a nukleáris technológia területén. A mesterséges intelligencia (AI) egyre nagyobb szerepet kap az atomerőművek működtetésében: például a kaliforniai Diablo Canyon atomerőmű már alkalmaz generatív AI-t a dokumentumkezelés és az üzemeltetési hatékonyság javítására. Az AI segíti az üzemeltetőket a karbantartás előrejelzésében, a biztonság növelésében és a reaktorok élettartamának meghosszabbításában is. Emellett az USA Nukleáris Szabályozó Bizottsága (NRC) is vizsgálja, hogyan gyorsíthatná fel az engedélyezési folyamatokat AI-alapú rendszerekkel, ami jelentősen felgyorsíthatja az új reaktorok telepítését.

A NANO Nuclear Energy jelentős mérföldkövet ért el: megszerezte a KRONOS MMR™ (45 MWth teljesítményű, helyhez kötött mikroreaktor) és a LOKI MMR™ (1–5 MWth teljesítményű, hordozható mikroreaktor) technológiákat, és ezek fejlesztését az USA-ban és Kanadában is előmozdítja. A KRONOS MMR üzemanyag-minősítési módszertanát az NRC már jóváhagyta, ami kulcsfontosságú a kereskedelmi bevezetéshez

Ipari és piaci fejlemények

Az amerikai The Nuclear Company startup 46 millió dolláros tőkebevonással kívánja új, nagy teljesítményű atomerőművek fejlesztését megkezdeni, elsősorban már engedélyezett helyszíneken. A cél, hogy az első flottában összesen 6 gigawatt kapacitást hozzanak létre. Ez a lépés válasz a gyorsan növekvő amerikai áramigényre, amelyet főként az adatközpontok és a mesterséges intelligencia-alkalmazások hajtanak. Ugyanakkor a nukleáris ipar pénzügyi kilátásait bizonytalanság övezi, mivel az amerikai törvényhozás egyes tervezetei a nukleáris energia adókedvezményeinek megszüntetését is kilátásba helyezték, ami a jövőbeni beruházások megtérülését is befolyásolhatja.

Belgiumban a parlament váratlan fordulattal úgy döntött, hogy nem zárják be az atomerőműveket, hanem tíz évvel meghosszabbítják a reaktorok élettartamát, sőt, új reaktorok építését is tervezik. A döntés mögött az energiaválság, az ellátásbiztonság és a geopolitikai feszültségek állnak.

Magyarországon folytatódik a Paks II. projekt előkészítése, és napirenden van kis moduláris reaktorok (SMR) telepítése is, amelyek néhány száz megawattos teljesítményükkel akár ipari zónákat vagy városokat is önállóan elláthatnak.

Pénzügyi és geopolitikai aktualitások

A nukleáris energia geopolitikai jelentősége továbbra is kiemelkedő. Tajvan szombaton leállítja utolsó működő atomerőművi blokkját, ami jelentős LNG-import költségnövekedést eredményez, és komoly vitákat váltott ki a szigetországban. A törvényhozás ugyanakkor már vizsgálja az atomenergia-törvény felülvizsgálatát, amely lehetővé teheti a reaktorok újraindítását – erről akár népszavazás is lehet a közeljövőben.

Az USA és Irán között folytatódnak az atomprogramról szóló tárgyalások. Bár közelednek az álláspontok, az USA új szankciókat vezetett be Irán ellen, mivel Teherán továbbra is magas szintű urándúsítást folytat. Az esetleges megállapodás rövid távon növelheti az iráni kőolajexportot, ami a világpiaci árakra is hatással lehet.

@ 58537364:705b4b85

A man once went to a temple to listen to a Dhamma talk. But in his heart, he kept judging and condemning another person who was fishing by the pond nearby — mentally accusing him of being sinful and unafraid of karma — while believing that he himself was making merit by listening to the sermon.

However, the one who was fishing silently rejoiced in the merit of those listening to the Dhamma. He asked forgiveness from the fish and made a heartfelt wish to have the opportunity to do good in his next life, since in this life, he had responsibilities caring for his sick parents and no chance to go to the temple like others.

This story teaches us that merit or sin is not defined by outer actions, but by intention and the true state of the heart.

Some people chant prayers but still gossip. Some give alms but still take advantage of others. Some have knowledge but look down on others. Some keep their bodies clean, but their hearts remain impure.

Do not be deceived by appearances of goodness. Instead, look inward — examine your own heart.

A small act of kindness we offer to a fellow human being may be a greater merit than traveling far to make merit.

It is compassion that sustains the world — not judging others as good or bad.

Read the full TH version at: https://w3.do/kFkeHGZ6

@ 58537364:705b4b85

ธรรมะที่ดับทุกข์ได้จริงต้องเป็นวิทยาศาสตร์ ถ้าเป็นปรัชญามันจะได้แต่ ประมาณ คะเน คำนวณ ไม่มีของจริง มีแต่สมมติฐาน

สมมติฐานว่า เราเป็นทุกข์ ว่าเราคงจะเป็นทุกข์ หรือว่าอย่างนี้ต้องเรียกว่า เราเป็นทุกข์ มันมีสมมติฐานอย่างนี้

ถ้าตั้งต้นอย่างนี้แล้วหาทางคำนวณต่อไปว่า คงจะดับมันได้อย่างไร อย่างนั้นเป็นปรัชญาหมดแหละ ไม่เป็นพุทธศาสนา และจะไม่มีประโยชน์อะไรด้วย เอาไปทำเป็นปรัชญาเสีย

ดังนั้น ความทุกข์ของเราต้องไม่ใช่สมมติฐาน ไม่ใช่ที่เรียกว่า hypothesis ไม่ใช่ไอ้อันนั้น มันต้องมี ความทุกข์ที่ปรากฏอยู่กับเรา แผดเผาเราอยู่จริงๆ
ตั้งแต่เราเล็กๆ มา เราไม่ค่อยรู้จักมัน แต่เรารู้สึกได้ว่ามันมี มันเคยมี และมันได้มีเรื่อยๆ มา จนกระทั่งวันนี้ มันมีความทุกข์อยู่จริง ไอ้ความรู้สึกที่เป็นทุกข์อยู่จริงนี่ไม่ใช่สมมติ มันไม่ต้องสมมติ มันสมมติไม่ได้เพราะมันเป็นทุกข์อยู่จริง

นี่เอาตัวจริง เอาเข้ามาวางลงแล้ว ก็ดู ดู ดู ไม่ต้องคำนวณ ไม่ต้องคำนวณ ดู ดูด้วยปัญญา ดูด้วยตาสำหรับดู เห็นเหตุมันอย่างนั้น เห็นทางดับมันอย่างนั้น แล้วก็ปฏิบัติดับได้จริง นี่เลยเป็นวิทยาศาสตร์

พุทธทาสภิกขุ

ธรรมะทำไม? #หน้า_๑๕-๑๖

---

🌿🌼🌿 ๒,๕๐๐ กว่าปีแล้ว นักวิทยาศาสตร์ยังยืนยันว่า พุทธศาสนา สอนอย่างมีหลักการ ที่เป็นจริงที่สุด "...ปัญญาของพระพุทธองค์“ อาตมาเห็นว่าเรื่อง ปัญญา นี้ เราไม่จำเป็นต้องไปเอาของฝรั่ง ซึ่งก็มีดีบ้าง เสียบ้าง แต่จะบอกว่า ระบบต่างๆ ปรัชญาต่างๆ ทั้งหมดของตะวันตก

ขอให้จำไว้ให้ดีว่า เป็นปรัชญาแนวความคิดของ “ปุถุชน” ไม่ใช่ปัญญาที่เกิดขึ้นกับ “พระพุทธเจ้า” คือ “ผู้ที่รู้โลกและชีวิตตามความเป็นจริง”

จะเห็นว่า..ระบบความคิดที่ถือว่าเฉียบแหลมที่สุดของฝรั่ง อย่างเช่น คาร์ลมาร์ค (Larl Marx) ของ ฟรอยด์ (Sigmund Freud) เป็นต้น ไม่กี่สิบปีก็ทิ้งทั้งหมด

แต่ของพระพุทธองค์เกือบทั้ง ๒,๕๐๐ กว่าปี ยังไม่มีนักวิทยาศาสตร์ที่ไหนที่สามารถพิสูจน์ได้ว่า คำสอนของพระพุทธเจ้าผิดพลาดคลาดเคลื่อนไปจากความเป็นจริงแม้แต่ข้อเดียว ๘,๔๐๐๐ พระธรรมขันธ์ มีข้อไหนที่ผิด ? ถ้าเราเทียบกับนักปราชญ์คนอื่น หรือศาสดาคนอื่น จะเห็นความแตกต่างอย่างชัดเจน

ในสมัยโบราณนั้น นักปราชญ์ที่มีชื่อเสียงมากที่สุดของโลกตะวันตกคงจะเป็นอริสโตเติ้ล ที่จริงหลักปรัชญาของอริสโตเติ้ลในระดับศีลธรรมหรือจริยธรรมก็น่าศึกษา เพราะมีบางสิ่งบางอย่าง หลายสิ่งหลายอย่างที่คล้ายกับคำสอนของพระพุทธเจ้า

แต่ถ้าเราอ่านปรัชญาของอริสโตเติ้ลทั้งหมด ก็คงจะเกิดความรู้สึกว่า หลายอย่างที่ว่าไม่ใช่ หรือว่ามีหลายอย่างที่คนปัจจุบันเชื่อไม่ได้(ไม่เข้ากับยุคสมัย) ยกตัวอย่าง ในการเขียนเรื่องหลักการเมือง ปรัชญาการเมือง อริสโตเติ้ลบอกว่า คนที่เกิดในโลกนี้มีสองอย่าง หรือว่าสองประเภท ประเภทหนึ่งคือ เจ้านาย เกิดแล้วพร้อมที่เป็นเจ้านาย อีกประเภทหนึ่งก็คือคนรับใช้ คือมีธรรมชาติอยู่แล้วว่าเกิดแล้วต้องเป็นคนรับใช้ ดังนั้น สังคมของเรามีคนรับใช้ไม่ใช่สิ่งผิดเลย มันเป็นสิ่งที่ถูกต้องอยู่แล้ว เพราะพวกนี้เกิดขึ้นเพื่อเป็นคนรับใช้ของเจ้านายทั้งหลาย **นี่คือความคิดของนักปราชญ์ที่เก่งที่สุดในโลกตะวันตก

อีกคนหนึ่ง เวลาต่อมาหลายร้อยปี คือ เดคาร์ด ซึ่งมีผลต่อสังคมตะวันตกมาก เดคาร์ต ถือว่า สัตว์ทั้งหลายไม่มีความน่าสงสาร ไม่มีความรู้สึก ถ้าสัตว์ร้องก็ไม่มีความหมาย

ตัวอย่างมีมากกว่านี้ แต่ถ้าเปรียบเทียบกับคำสอนของพระพุทธองค์ ในความรู้สึกของอาตมา ไม่มีที่ไหนที่เราจะบอกได้ว่า คำสอนนี้ล้าสมัยแล้ว แต่บางคนก็ยังถืออย่างนั้นอยู่เหมือนกัน (เช่น)ถือว่า คำสอนของพระพุทธเจ้าเกี่ยวกับเรื่องการเวียนว่ายตายเกิด เป็นเรื่องความเชื่อถือของคนในสมัยก่อน..."

🌸🌿 พระอาจารย์ชยสาโร 🌷 ที่มา :: คุยธรรมะกับพระฝรั่ง https://youtu.be/uAO7-2VUZXU

---

สันทิฏฐิโกตัวกู_แก้ได้ด้วยสันทิฏฐิโกจริง

ตั้งแต่ครั้งพุทธกาลหรือก่อนพุทธกาล ก็มีคนถือว่ามันมีตัวกู - มีของกู,

ปรัชญาของพวกฝรั่ง ก็มีอยู่แขนงหนึ่ง หรือว่าพวกหนึ่ง ที่ถือเรื่องมีตัวกู ที่ว่าฉันคิด แล้วก็ฉะนั้นฉันมีอยู่, สูตรของเขาว่าอย่างนี้ คอกิโต, เออโกซุม, เป็นภาษาลาติน ออกเสียงอย่างไรก็ไม่รู้ อ่านตรง ๆอย่างภาษาอังกฤษเป็นอย่างนี้, cogito, ergo sum นั่นแหละ I think, therefore I exist. เพราะฉันคิดได้ ฉันจึงมีอยู่,นี้เขาก็พูดดีที่สุดแล้วว่า, ก็เราคิดนึกได้ เรารู้สึกคิดนึกอยู่ตลอดเวลา การที่คิดนึกได้นั้นมันต้องมี, มีเหตุผลหรือมีอะไรพอที่จะเป็นตัวฉัน, ฉันคิด ฉันมีอยู่ มีเท่านี้, มันมีสั้น ๆเท่านี้ เขาเรียกว่าปรัชญาของเดสคารด์, แล้วมันก็ไม่ใช่ของเดสคารด์ มันของคนทั้งโลก, กระทั่งในเมืองไทย กระทั่งพุทธบริษัท ในประเทศไทย ก็มีหลักอย่างนี้ : ฉันคิดได้ ฉันรู้สึกอยู่ว่าอย่างนั้น อย่างนี้ มันก็ต้องเป็นตัวฉัน มีตัวฉัน, มันช่วยไม่ได้
คนที่มีปัญญา มีอำนาจ มีเสรีภาพ จะต้องคิดอย่างนี้ทั้งนั้น, จะต้องถามอย่างนี้ทั้งนั้น
แล้วผมก็เคยประสบมามาก คนใหญ่คนโต เขาไม่อาจจะอ่านบทความของเราเข้าใจได้ ที่ว่าไม่มีตัวตน, เพราะรู้สึกแต่ว่า มีตัวตนอยู่ทุกทีไปตลอดเวลาด้วย นี้มันเป็นตัวอย่างที่ทำให้เห็นว่า… สันทิฏฐิโกของแต่ะละคนล้วนแต่เป็นตัวกู ทั้งนั้นแหละ, ถึงคนที่กำลังพูด เรื่องอนัตตาเรื่องอะไรอยู่ ก็มีสันทิฏฐิโกเป็นตัวกูทั้งนั้นแหละ, แล้วปากมันก็พูดเรื่องไม่ใช่ตัวกูหรือไม่มีตัวกู

ฉะนั้น จึงถือว่าเป็นเรื่องที่ยากลำบากที่สุดกว่าเรื่องใดหมด ในบรรดาเรื่องที่เกี่ยวกับอนัตตา ไม่ใช่ตน, หรือว่า หลักของพุทธศาสนา ก็แปลว่า คำสอนของพระพุทธเจ้าเรื่องนี้ ประสบปัญหาหนัก เพราะทุกคนรู้สึกเป็นตัวตนอยู่เรื่อย, เป็นสันทิฏฐิโกของตัวตนอยู่เรื่อยไปไม่ว่าที่ไหน

ทีนี้จะมาสอนกันอย่างไร ให้เกิดความรู้สึกกลับตรงกันข้าม ว่าไม่ใช่ตัวตน มันต้องเป็นเรื่องเฉพาะคนเฉพาะกรณีมากกว่า, จะพูดทีเดียวสำหรับทุกคนนี้ เข้าใจว่ามันเป็นไปไม่ได้, เราจะเทศน์ทีเดียวฟังกันทั้งหมด ทั้งหมู่ ทั้งประเทศนี้ มันแทบจะไม่มีประโยชน์อะไรเลย, มันเป็นเรื่องเฉพาะคน คนหนึ่ง ๆ เคยมีประสบการณ์อะไรมาแล้ว เคยคิดอะไรมาแล้ว ค้นอะไรมามากแล้ว ก็มาพูดกันให้เหมาะแก่ เรื่องของบุคคลนั้น ก็พอจะเห็น แต่ทีนี้มันมีเทคนิคหรือมันมีอุบายของธรรมชาติอยู่อันหนึ่ง ซึ่งจะเป็นหนทางออก อย่าลืมผมเคยบอกคุณที่เพิ่งบวชใหม่นี้ว่า ธรรมะทุกระบบเป็นอุบายทั้งนั้น

อย่าไปพูดว่าจริง หรือไม่จริง ไม่อะไรอย่าไปพูด, รู้จักมันแต่ว่ามันเป็นอุบายก็แล้วกัน ถ้ามันมีประโยชน์ก็ใช้ได้ แล้วแต่ละอุบายมันก็เป็นเทคนิคของธรรมชาติ, ไม่ใช่มนุษย์บัญญัติ คือว่าต้องเป็นอย่างนั้นลงไปก่อน ผลมันจึงจะเกิดขึ้นมาอย่างนี้, เรียกว่าเทคนิคของธรรมชาติดีกว่า ทีนี้มนุษย์ก็ไม่รู้อะไรมากไปกว่าแต่เพียงว่าเอ้อ, อันนี้มัน อาจจะเอามาใช้เป็นอุบายแก้ปัญหานี้ได้ ทีนี้อุบายหรือธรรมะที่เป็นนอุบายนี้ ที่จะมาแก้สันทิฏฐิโกของตัวกูนี้ มันก็มีอยู่, ไม่ใช่ไม่มี คุณฟังดูให้ดี ว่าทุกคนมันรู้สึก รู้สึกอยู่ในใจเอง แจ่มแจ้งว่า มีตัวกู มีของกู จะไปเปลี่ยนของเขาไม่ได้, จะไปจับเปลี่ยนอย่างไรได้ จะไปพูดอย่างอธิบายว่า โอ๊ย บังคับไม่ได้ เหมือนกับความฝันหรืออะไรต่าง ๆ นี้ มันก็พูดกันมาแล้ว แม้ในสูตร ในพระบาลีที่เป็นสูตร ก็พูดทำนองนี้ว่า
ถ้าเป็นตัวตน ตัวกู มันก็ต้องบังคับได้ตามต้องการซิ, เดี๋ยวนี้มันบังคับไม่ได้, เช่นจะบังคับรูป ว่ารูปจงเป็นอย่างนี้, เวทนาจงเป็นอย่างนี้, สัญญาจงเป็นอย่างนี้, อย่าเป็นอย่างอื่น นี้มันก็บังคับไม่ได้

เพราะฉะนั้น จึงถือว่าไม่ใช่ตัวกู แล้วมันก็เคยทำให้มีผู้บรรลุมรรคผลมาแล้ว เพราะคำพูดเพียงเท่านี้, แต่อย่าลืมว่า นั้นมันเฉพาะหมู่นั้นกรณีนั้นเท่านั้น กรณีอื่นมันเป็นไปไม่ได้ เห็นไหม ? ทีนี้มันมีอุบายอะไร ที่จะใช้ได้แก่ทุกคน ที่จะไปแก้สิ่งที่เหนียวแน่นที่สุด คือสันทิฏฐิโกแห่งตัวกูนี้ มันจะต้องอุบายทำนองว่า เผชิญกันจริง ๆ ให้มันเป็นสันทิฏฐิโก เข้าไปอีกอย่างหนึ่ง อีกเรื่องหนึ่ง คือว่ามีความรู้สึกเป็นตัวกูทีไรก็มีความทุกข์ทุกที, เราไม่พูดกันแล้วว่า เหตุไรจึงถือว่าเป็นอนัตตา จะไม่พูด, แต่ให้มาตั้งข้อสังเกต หรือว่าเผชิญกันเข้าไปจริง ๆ กับความรู้สึกว่า ถ้าความรู้สึกว่าตัวกูเกิดขึ้นมาทีไรแล้วก็เป็นทุกข์ทุกที

เอ้า, ใครกล้าดีลองดู ลองปล่อยให้ความคิด ที่เป็นตัวกู - ของกูเกิด มันเป็นทุกข์ทุกที
แล้วนี่คืออุบาย, ลองสร้างความคิดที่เป็นตัวกู - ของกูขึ้นมา หรือปล่อยให้ความคิดที่เป็นตัวกู - ของกูเกิดขึ้นมา มันเป็นความทุกข์ทุกที, มันเผาลนทุกที
เมื่อทำอยู่อย่างนี้มันเข็ด, มันรู้จักเข็ด, หรือมันเริ่มเข็ด เริ่มเอือม เริ่มระอา, นั่นแหละจึงจะรู้สึกว่า โอ๊ะ ไม่เอาแล้วโว้ย เรื่องตัวกู -ของกูนี้ไม่ไหว, เป็นเรื่องไม่ไหวขึ้นมา

นี้เราเอาสันทิฏฐิโกจริง ๆ ไปแก้สันทิฏฐิโกเท็จ ๆ, เอาสันทิฏฐิโกจริง ๆไปแก้สันทิฏฐิโกหลอกลวง
สันทิฏฐิโกแห่งตัวกูนั้น มันจริงสำหรับคนโง่ ที่ยังโง่อยู่ ยังไม่มีความเป็นพระอริยะสักนิดเดียว มันสันทิฏฐิโกว่าตัวกู, ตัวกูเรื่อย ทีนี้มันแก้ไม่ได้ดอก ถ้าไม่มีอะไรที่มันมีน้ำหนักเท่ากัน มีกำลังเท่ากัน มันแก้ไม่ได้ จะไปบิดกลับเหมือนกับพลิกหน้ามือเป็นหลังมือนี่ มันก็ทำไม่ได้, ไม่มีใครทำได้โดยวิธีพูด หรือโดยวิธีอะไร ต้องสร้างสันทิฏฐิโกเกี่ยวกับความทุกข์ขึ้นมา, สันฏฐิโกในความทุกข์ให้รู้รสของความทุกข์จริง ๆ แล้วก็ทุกครั้งที่มีตัวกู - ของกูเกิดขึ้นในใจ, โดยอาศัยหลักที่ว่า…

การเกิดทุกคราวเป็นทุกข์ทุกที การเกิดทุกคราวเป็นทุกข์ทุกที

การเกิดนี้หมายถึงเกิดขึ้นแห่งตัวกู ถ้าไม่มีตัวกูก็ไม่ถือว่าเป็นการเกิด, จะเป็นตัวกูชนิดไหนก็ตาม ถ้ามีขึ้นมาแล้วเรียกว่าเป็นการเกิด เกิดแห่งตัวเรา, นี้ก็รู้ผล รู้สึกในผลของการเกิดนี้ เกิดทุกทีเป็นทุกข์ทุกที : ตัวกูใหญ่ก็ทุกข์มาก, ตัวกูเล็กก็ทุกข์น้อย, ตัวกูยาวก็ทุกข์ยาว,เป็นต้น

ฉะนั้น วิธีปฏิบัติจึงได้แก่การทำความซึมซาบ realize อยู่กับเรื่องความทุกข์ ที่เกิดจากตัวกูนี้ตลอดเวลา, ที่เราเรียกว่า… ทำวิปัสสนา

พุทธทาสภิกขุ

ธรรมปาฏิโมกข์_เล่ม_๒ #หน้า_๔๗๓-๔๗๖

truthbetold #pyschology #mindset #science #siamstr

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Steak ‘n Shake Now Accepting Bitcoin via Lightning Network Across U.S. Locations

Steak ‘n Shake has officially launched Bitcoin payments via the Lightning Network, following the announcement reported on May 9. At the time, the fast food chain teased its plans to integrate BTC, generating excitement across the Bitcoin community. And today, it is an option at the cash register, or better said, Bitcoin Register. 

JUST IN: Fast food giant Steak 'n Shake is now officially accepting #Bitcoin Lightning Network payments pic.twitter.com/bvGCb9r4Im

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) May 16, 2025

As of today, customers can pay for their meals with Bitcoin at Steak ‘n Shake locations across the United States. This marks a major step in mainstream Bitcoin adoption, as the chain serves over 100 million customers annually and now gives them the option to use Lightning for instant, low-fee transactions. 

First Bitcoin purchase in the world with @SteaknShake

Changing the game of Dining, Bitcoin & Politics.

Only Steak N’ Shake puts your health over profits by using beef tallow. pic.twitter.com/ZeQxxFbbHB

— Valentina Gomez (@ValentinaForUSA) May 16, 2025

The company announced the news on X this morning, confirming that Lightning Network payments are officially supported in-store. 

Bitcoin has been launched at Steak n Shake

The revolution is underway…

-Steaktoshi

— Steak 'n Shake (@SteaknShake) May 16, 2025

Following up, they clarified the scale of the implementation—this isn’t a small test or pilot program. It’s a full rollout across their system.

The Lightning Network, Bitcoin’s second-layer solution, is designed for fast, scalable, and low-cost payments, making it ideal for point-of-sale purchases like burgers and fries. Steak ‘n Shake customers can now scan a Lightning QR code at checkout using any supported wallet, completing transactions in seconds. The system uses a backend payment processor to handle real-time conversion to USD, ensuring stability and ease of use for both the customer and the merchant. 

NEW: Fast food giant Steak 'n Shake will begin accepting Bitcoin payments for their over 100 million customers pic.twitter.com/g1OErM82BI

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) May 9, 2025

In Bitcoin Magazine’s previous coverage, the significance of even the hint of this move was noted, and now that it’s official, it confirms Steak ‘n Shake as one of the first major fast food brands to fully embrace Bitcoin through Lightning. This goes beyond the occasional “Bitcoin accepted here” sign; this is a practical, streamlined payment option that reflects a commitment to Bitcoin integration. 

Cashback Alert at Steak ’n Shake!

Buy your next meal in Bitcoin Lightning

Pay using Speed Wallet at any @SteaknShake store and get 1,000 SATS cashback via Lightning

More Bonus: Post a video of your payment & tag us — we’ll send you an extra 2,000 SATS to your… pic.twitter.com/D2aV4biJP4

— Speed Wallet (@speedwallet) May 16, 2025

With tools like the Lightning Network making payments faster and more accessible, Steak ‘n Shake is positioning itself at the forefront of a shift toward practical, everyday BTC utility.

This update could signal a larger trend on the horizon. With more brands watching consumer behavior and the Lightning Network’s increasing usability, Steak ‘n Shake’s move might spark a wave of similar integrations. 

This post Steak ‘n Shake Now Accepting Bitcoin via Lightning Network Across U.S. Locations first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ 58537364:705b4b85

เสียงตะโกนของ “อิทัปปัจจยตา”

ทุกอย่างตะโกนคำว่า “อิทัปปัจจยตา” อยู่ตลอดเวลา

“ท่านทั้งหลายนั่งอยู่ที่นี่ แต่ไม่ได้ยินเสียงตะโกนที่ดังลั่นไปหมดของธรรมชาติว่า ‘อิทัปปัจจยตา’ เสียงตะโกนของอิทัปปัจจยตา คือการร้องบอกร้องตะโกนว่า ‘เพราะมีสิ่งนี้เป็นปัจจัย สิ่งนี้จึงเกิดขึ้น’ หมายความว่า ท่านต้องดูลงไปที่ทุกสิ่งที่อยู่รอบตัวเราในเวลานี้ว่า ทุกสิ่งกำลังเป็นอิทัปปัจจยตา หรือเป็นไปตาม ‘กฎอิทัปปัจจยตา’”

ต้นไม้ต้นนี้มีความเป็นไปตามกฎอิทัปปัจจยตา ไม่มีอะไรมาต้านทานได้ ถ้าเราเข้าใจข้อเท็จจริงที่กำลังเป็นอยู่กับต้นไม้ เราจะเหมือนได้ยินมันตะโกนบอกว่า “อิทัปปัจจยตา” ไม่มีอะไรมากไปกว่านั้น มันเพียงบอกว่า “เมื่อมีสิ่งนี้เป็นปัจจัย สิ่งนี้จึงเกิดขึ้น”

ต้นไม้ไม่ได้หยุดเพียงเท่านั้น มันมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงเกิดขึ้นเรื่อยๆ ใบไม้ทุกใบก็บอกอย่างนั้น คงเป็นเสียงที่ดังเหลือประมาณว่า ใบไม้ทุกใบร้องตะโกนว่า “อิทัปปัจจยตา”

ผู้มีปัญญาและเข้าใจหัวใจของพระพุทธศาสนา จะไปนั่งอยู่ที่ไหนก็ได้ยินเสียงตะโกนว่า “อิทัปปัจจยตา” สนั่นหวั่นไหวไปหมด นี่พูดถึงแค่ต้นไม้ต้นเดียว ถ้าเป็นต้นไม้จำนวนมากก็เป็นเช่นเดียวกัน

เมื่อมองไปที่ก้อนหิน ก้อนหินก็เป็นเช่นเดียวกัน อนุภาคของมันเปลี่ยนแปลงอยู่ตลอดเวลา ก้อนหินที่เราเห็นอาจเกิดขึ้นมาเมื่อหลายพันล้านปีมาแล้ว จนมันแตกสลายและถูกทำให้มาอยู่ตรงนี้ มันจึงกล่าวว่า “อิทัปปัจจยตา” เพราะมีสิ่งนี้เป็นปัจจัย ฉันจึงมานั่งอยู่ที่นี่

ทุกอย่างตะโกนคำว่า “อิทัปปัจจยตา” ตลอดเวลา

• ต้นไม้ เม็ดกรวด เม็ดทราย มด แมลง สัตว์ต่างๆ รวมถึงมนุษย์เอง
• แม้แต่ร่างกายของเราเองก็ตะโกนบอกถึงอิทัปปัจจยตา

แม้เราจะเคยได้ยินคำว่า “อนิจจัง ทุกขัง อนัตตา” อาการของสิ่งเหล่านี้ยิ่งสะท้อนถึงอิทัปปัจจยตาอย่างชัดเจน

ดังนั้น เราต้องทำความเข้าใจจนซึมซาบอยู่ในใจ จนรู้สึกว่าไม่ว่าเราจะมองไปทางไหน ก็เห็นถึงภาวะของ อิทัปปัจจยตา ได้ยินเสียงของมัน หรือแม้แต่สัมผัสผ่านการดมกลิ่นและลิ้มรส

เมื่อเข้าใจสิ่งนี้ จะสามารถเรียกผู้นั้นว่า ‘เป็นพุทธบริษัทผู้เห็นธรรม’
สามารถเห็นกิเลสและทุกข์ แล้วป้องกันหรือกำจัดกิเลสและทุกข์ให้น้อยลงไปได้มากทีเดียว

— พุทธทาสภิกขุ
(จากหนังสือธรรมบรรยาย “อิทัปปัจจยตา” หน้า 131–133)

---

อิทัปปัจจยตา: กฎอันเฉียบขาดตลอดจักรวาล

“อิทัปปัจจยตา” เป็นกฎของธรรมชาติที่ไม่อาจเปลี่ยนแปลง

คำว่า “อิทัปปัจจยตา” อาจเป็นคำที่ไม่คุ้นหู แต่ขอให้สนใจ เพราะมันเป็นกฎของธรรมชาติที่แน่นอนตลอดจักรวาลและอนันตกาล

• สิ่งนี้เกิดขึ้น เพราะมีเหตุปัจจัยนี้
• สิ่งนี้มี เพราะสิ่งนี้มี
• ดวงอาทิตย์ ดวงจันทร์ ดวงดาว ทุกอย่างล้วนเกิดขึ้นตามกฎของ “อิทัปปัจจยตา”

เมื่อทำสิ่งนี้ มันต้องเกิดสิ่งนั้นขึ้น
เมื่อทำสิ่งนี้ มันต้องเกิดทุกข์ขึ้น
เมื่อทำสิ่งนี้ มันต้องเกิดความดับทุกข์ขึ้น

นี่คือปรมัตถธรรมอันสูงสุด ไม่มีสัตว์ ไม่มีบุคคล ไม่มีพระเจ้าที่เป็นตัวตน
มีเพียง กฎอิทัปปัจจยตา ที่เป็นกฎของธรรมชาติอันเฉียบขาด

พระพุทธเจ้าตรัสรู้ ก็คือ ตรัสรู้เรื่อง “อิทัปปัจจยตา”

เรามักเรียกกันว่า “ปฏิจจสมุปบาท” ซึ่งหมายถึงเฉพาะเรื่องทุกข์ของสิ่งมีชีวิต แต่ “อิทัปปัจจยตา” กว้างขวางกว่านั้น ทุกสิ่งไม่ว่าจะมีชีวิตหรือไม่มีชีวิตล้วนตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจของกฎนี้

กฎของอิทัปปัจจยตาไม่ใช่ฝ่ายบวกหรือฝ่ายลบ
- ไม่ใช่ Positive
- ไม่ใช่ Negative
- เป็น “สายกลาง” ของมันเอง

คนเราต่างหากที่ไปบัญญัติว่า “นี่คือสุข นี่คือทุกข์ นี่คือแพ้ นี่คือชนะ”
แต่แท้จริงแล้ว ทุกอย่างเป็นไปตามอิทัปปัจจยตา

ความเข้าใจในปรมัตถธรรมต้องไปให้ถึงจุดนี้

• จนไม่มีสัตว์ ไม่มีบุคคล
• ไม่ใช่สัตว์ ไม่ใช่บุคคล
• แต่ก็ไม่ใช่ว่าไม่มีอะไรเลย และก็ไม่ได้มีสิ่งใดที่ตายตัว

ทุกอย่างเป็นเพียง กระแสของการเปลี่ยนแปลงและปรุงแต่ง

เมื่อเข้าใจถึงจุดนี้ จึงจะรู้อย่างที่พระพุทธเจ้าท่านรู้ และดับทุกข์ได้
นี่คือสิ่งสูงสุดที่ต้องเคารพ คือ กฎของ “อิทัปปัจจยตา”

— พุทธทาสภิกขุ
(จากธรรมบรรยายประจำวันเสาร์ ภาคอาสาฬหบูชา ชุด “ฟ้าสางระหว่าง 50 ปีที่มีสวนโมกข์” ครั้งที่ 19 เมื่อวันที่ 13 สิงหาคม 2526 ณ ศาลามหานาวา สวนโมกขพลาราม จากหนังสือ “ธรรมานุภาพ”)

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Heritage Distilling Now Accepts Bitcoin and Will Hold It as a Company Asset

Yesterday, Heritage Distilling Holding Company, Inc. (NASDAQ: CASK), a leading U.S. craft spirits producer, announced that it will begin accepting Bitcoin as payment through its direct-to-consumer (DTC) e-commerce platform and will hold bitcoin as strategic assets under a newly approved Cryptocurrency Treasury Reserve Policy.

Heritage Distilling Implements Cryptocurrency Treasury Policy. Read the press release here: https://t.co/ve4Ttv0qGw $CASK pic.twitter.com/8MZLovwrjw

— Heritage Distilling (@HeritageDistill) May 15, 2025

The policy, approved by the company’s Board of Directors as part of a broader sales and treasury diversification strategy, was developed by the Technology and Cryptocurrency Committee, chaired by tech and digital payments leader Matt Swann. The move makes Heritage the first in the craft spirits sector to formally integrate bitcoin into both its payment and treasury operations.

“A new age of commerce is emerging, with cryptocurrencies leading the way to reduce friction between parties, buyers and sellers of goods and services,” stated Matt Swann on behalf of the Board. “Having been immersed in the convergence of technology and currencies for nearly two decades, it is exciting to see Heritage forge headfirst into the opportunity to combine the power of the consumer and cryptocurrency.”

Heritage’s decision comes amid rapidly growing public interest in digital assets. The company said it estimates that between 65 to 86 million Americans currently hold Bitcoin and crypto, and realizes the opportunity Heritage has to acquire more BTC by accepting it as payment. 

“Heritage has always been an innovator and once again we are leading the way in the craft spirits space as we prepare to accept Bitcoin and Dogecoin as a form of payment for online e-commerce sales and to acquire and hold these cryptocurrencies as assets,” commented the CEO of Heritage Justin Stiefel. “As I have noted in the past, unlike traditional investors who purchase crypto with cash and are immediately subject to potential pricing volatility, as a company producing goods for sale, acceptable margins between the retail price of our products and their cost of production is expected to offset potential fluctuations in the value of cryptos we accept as payment. This provides us considerable financial flexibility as we develop product offerings for users and enthusiasts of these fiat alternatives.”

The company sees Bitcoin as a long-term strategic asset and a forward-looking step in connecting with modern consumers while also exploring new efficiencies in financial operations. Heritage is not only integrating Bitcoin as a payment method but also incorporating it into its treasury strategy.

The new Cryptocurrency Treasury Policy can be found here.

This post Heritage Distilling Now Accepts Bitcoin and Will Hold It as a Company Asset first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Hopefully this is the beginning of a trend. I don't have any near me but I will try it out the first chance I get.

Steak n Shake is owned by Biglari Holdings Inc. a publicly traded holding company based in Texas. Do any stackers have any background info on this move or the companies involved?

Not the first to mention this.

More info on Bitcoin Mag

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/979201

@ e39333da:7c66e53a

::youtube{#Pex7jW3Tqwo}

Developer SHIFT UP has announced that their latest titled, Stellar Blade, that was released on PS5 on the 2024, will release on PC via Steam and EGS on the 11th of June 2025.

The game will be priced at $60, and $80 for the edition of the game that includes the 'Twin Expansion Pack', which includes the NieR: Automata DLC and the Goddess of Victory: Nikke DLC, and a key to redeem a Stellar Blade costume in the developer's previous Free-to-Play title Goddess of Victory: Nikke.

The trailer released to announce said release date also showcases the changes the made for the game and highlight PC specific enhancements, support, and options.

It's worth noting, in terms of negative news that tagged along with this, that the game will have Denuvo running, which there are evidence that decreases a game's performance, and may prevent you from playing the game offline. The game will also have an optional PSN account login, and because of this, the game is not available for purchase in around 130 countries. There's also an exclusive outfit locked behind a PSN-to-Steam account linking.

Here's the system requirements:

| | Minimum | Recommended | High | Very High | | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | | Average Performance | 1080P at 60 frames per second | 1440P at 60 frames per second | 1440P at 60 frames per second | 4K at 60 frames per second | | Graphic Presets | Low | Medium | High | Very High | | CPU | Intel Core i5-7600K AMD Ryzen 5 1600X | Intel Core i5-8400 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X | Intel Core i5-8400 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X | Intel Core i5-8400 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X | | GPU | NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 6GB AMD Radeon RX 580 8GB | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER AMD Radeon RX 5700 XT | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070 SUPER AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | | RAM | 16GB | 16GB | 16GB | 16GB | | Storage | 75GB HDD (SSD Recommended) | 75GB SSD | 75GB SSD | 75GB SSD | | OS | Windows 10 64-bit | Windows 10 64-bit | Windows 10 64-bit | Windows 10 64-bit |

@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

₍ ･ᴗ･ ₎ ₍ ･ᴗ･ ₎₍ ･ᴗ･ ₎

@ 5391098c:74403a0e

(Textículo em prosa erudita sobre a Ideologia Anarco-Capitalista-Cristã)

https://davipinheiro.com/01-escravos-da-cara-inchada/

A cultura #Woke apropriou-se da imagem sobre a #escravidão. Quando uma pessoa aculturada imagina um #escravo, vem em sua mente a imagem de um ser humano negro, magro e flagelado. Para quem enxerga além das cortinas da mentira, vem em sua mente a imagem de um ser humano de qualquer etnia, gordo e doente.

Democracia, péssimo regime de governo assim classificado pelo seu próprio idealizador: Platão em A República, é o grito da hienas de dentes arreganhados para ampliação do regime escravocrata fomentado pelos #GlobalistasSatanistas.

Um escravo da cara inchada é todo aquele ser humano ignorante inconsciente que alimenta esse sistema em troca de intoxicantes como flúor¹, cloro, glutamato monosódico, gordura trans, corantes, conservantes, refrigerantes, bebidas alcoólicas, psicotrópicos e remédios sintomáticos, tudo embrulhado com mentiras reiteradas.

Como consequência, após os 18 anos de idade o corpo do #EscravoDaCaraInchada sucumbe à tamanha intoxicação e passa a inchar, sendo fisicamente perceptível sua condição de escravo da cara inchada tanto à olho nú quando por reconhecimento facial de qualquer pseudo inteligência artificial.

O círculo vicioso da #EscravidaoDemocratica é tão simples e tosco como o “pão e circo romano”, Mesmo assim é muito difícil para o escravo da cara inchada perceber a própria condição tamanha é sua intoxicação física e mental.

Se um Anarco-Capitalista-Cristão (#Ancapcristão) chega para um escravo da cara inchada e explica sobre esses intoxicantes como instrumento de escravização, dificilmente o escravo da cara inchada irá acreditar pois diferentemente do antigo e aposentado chicote, o novo instrumento da escravidão não dói de imediato e os próprios efeitos da intoxicação impedem-no de raciocinar com clareza.

Portanto, para que os #GlobalistasSatanistas obtivessem sucesso na democratização da escravidão, tiveram que criar um chicote químico e uma ideologia favorável. Quanto às etapas utilizadas para formação dessa ideologia no inconsciente coletivo passo a elencar as 6 grandes mentiras em ordem cronológica:

(1ª etapa) Iluminismo: distanciamento de #Deus e seus ensinamentos, criação de sociedades secretas, exacerbação do ser humano perante o criador na tentativa de projetar o ser humano como seu próprio deus, tornando-o responsável sobre os rumos naturais do planeta. Assim formou-se a base ideológica para o materialismo, ambientalismo, feminismo, controle populacional e ideologia de gêneros;

(2ª etapa) Materialismo: perda do propósito espiritual e do sentido da vida², o que passa a importar são apenas as coisas materiais, acima inclusive do próprio ser humano. A perpetuação da espécie também fica em segundo plano. Assim formou-se a base ideológica para o ambientalismo, feminismo, controle populacional e ideologia de gêneros;

(3ª etapa) Ambientalismo: redução do ser humano à mero câncer do planeta superlotado, atribuído-lhe a responsabilidade por qualquer desastre natural. Assim formou-se a base ideológica para o controle populacional e ideologia de gêneros;

(4ª etapa) Feminismo: enfraquecimento do ser humano por meio da sua divisão em duas categorias: macho e fêmea, os quais são inimigos e não cooperadores. A ideia de igualdade de gêneros é tão antagônica que beira ao conflito cognitivo³: Eles querem separar para dizer que são iguais... Ora, como não pode haver diferenças entre os gêneros se eles são fisicamente e mentalmente diferentes? Nesse diapasão, mesmo não sendo os estados nacionais os arquitetos da escravidão democrática e sim meros fantoches dos globalistas satanistas, o voto feminino foi fundamental para aprovação de leis misândricas com o fito de acelerar a destruição da base familiar do escravo da cara inchada. Importante mencionar que a base familiar dos globalistas satanistas continua sendo patriarcal. Assim formou-se a base ideológica para o controle populacional e ideologia de gêneros;

(5ª etapa) Controle Populacional: “Crescei e multiplicai-vos” é o caralho, Deus não sabe de nada (Iluminismo), o que importa é o dinheiro e filho é caro (Materialismo), para que colocar mais um ser humano nesse planeta doente e superlotado (Ambientalismo), além disso o sexo oposto é meu inimigo (Feminismo). Essa é base ideológica que antecede a ideologia de Controle Populacional, ainda reforçada pela apologia à castração, já que em todas as mídias produzidas com patrocínio oculto de capital globalista satanista tentam normalizar a castração do homem (perda da capacidade de reprodução) desde em desenhos infantis até grandes produções cinematográficas, ora em tom de humor ora em tom de tortura. Assim os escravos da cara inchada do sexo masculino perderam sua identidade, essência e desejo de ser o que são, formando-se a base ideológica para o homossexualismo, ou seja, para a ideologia de gêneros.

(6ª etapa) Ideologia de Gêneros: É a cereja do bolo para os planos do Diabo (Anjo invejoso de Deus que quer destruir a maior criação: nós). Enquanto os globalistas satanistas, dentro de sua sábia ignorância, acreditam estarem chefiando a democratização da escravidão, na verdade também não passam de meros fantoches do Anjo Caído. Com a sexta e última etapa de mentiras para extinção da humanidade (#apocalipse) posta em prática através da Ideologia de Gêneros, fecha-se o ciclo vicioso de mentiras que se auto justificam: Se #Deus não presta, o que vale são os bens materiais, o ser humano é um câncer no planeta, o sexo oposto é inimigo e ter filhos é uma péssima ideia e ser homem másculo é crime, então ser #homossexual é a melhor opção, inclusive vamos castrar os meninos antes da puberdade sem o consentimento dos pais ou mães solo. Aqui também há uma grande bifurcação do círculo vicioso de mentiras, qual seja o gritante conflito cognitivo³: Se todos os homens deixarem de ser másculos, quem vai comer os #gays afeminados? Ou se todas as mulheres deixarem de ser femininas, quem as #sapatonas irão comer? E o pior, se todos passem a ser homossexuais quem vai perpetuar a espécie? Seremos extintos no lapso temporal de apenas uma geração, pois a fraudulenta medicina moderna jamais terá a capacidade de gerar bebês de chocadeira à tempo.

É interessante enxergar que mesmo os Globalistas Satanistas, dentro de sua sábia ignorância, acreditando estarem democratizando a escravidão em benefício próprio, na verdade apenas estão fomentando o apocalipse, ou seja sua própria extinção. Também não terão qualquer lugar especial no inferno, sinônimo de mal é mentira. Portanto os #GlobalistaSatanistas são meros fantoches do #Diabo enganador, tão submissos quanto o Escravo da Cara Inchada…

Interessante também enxergar que o livre arbítrio é uma condição obrigatória para independência da criação (anjo e ser humano). Todos somos livres para escolher entre o bem e o mal, se iremos ser escravos de #Deus ou escravos do Diabo. Se assim não fosse, inexistiria criação pois seríamos mera extensão da consciência do #Criador, em outras palavras: para que exista uma criação, essa deve ter a capacidade de decisão de forma independente, o chamado livre arbítrio.

Com base nisso, temos que não cabe à nos fazer qualquer revolução, tudo está normal, a luta entre o bem e o mal sempre irá existir pois um não existe sem o outro. Nos cabe apenas escolher o lado. Nesse contexto, tenho a seguinte mensagem destinada à você para encerrar o presente Textículo Anarco-Capitalista-Cristão:

------ > Se você for um ANARCO-CAPITALISTA-CRISTÃO passe esta palavra à diante para que a verdade atinja o maior número de ignorantes inconscientes possível;

------ > Se você for um GLOBALISTA SATANISTA, vai viver sua vida, desfrutar da própria fortuna e pare de ser fantoche o Diabo, mentiram para você: não terá qualquer lugar especial quando morrer;

------ > Se você for um ESCRAVO DA CARA INCHADA e não entendeu o que eu disse, por favor me pergunte ou debata comigo, terei o prazer em lhe ajudar a enxergar a verdade. Pare de trabalhar por dinheiro fiduciário, passe a aceitar #Monero e #Bitcoin em troca do seu trabalho, pois isso é o único jeito de sermos financeiramente livres, se tiver alguma dúvida sobre #criptomoedas me pergunte e terei o prazer e ensinar. Se ainda assim você se recusa a enxergar a verdade exposta aqui, por favor aceite #Monero e #Bitcoin quando for dar o seu cú. Ou melhor, cometa suicídio, já que você é um câncer no planeta, salve a natureza.

(Davi Pinheiro)

¹ - https://davipinheiro.com/teoria-da-conspiracao-o-fluor-na-agua-e-usado-para-controlar-mentes-revista-super-interessante-editora-abril/

² - https://davipinheiro.com/qual-o-sentido-da-vida/

³ - https://davipinheiro.com/entendendo-as-referencias-cruzadas-do-pensamento/

PREZADOS AMIGOS, DIVULGUEM ESTE ARTIGO. ABAIXO SEGUE A LISTA DOS 500 BRASILEIROS MAIS ATIVOS NO NOSTR NOS ÚLTIMOS MESES PARA TODOS SEGUIREM-SE ENTRE SI E FORTALECER NOSSA COMUNIDADE DE LÍNGUA BRASILEIRA (se você não estiver na lista interaja para ser adicionado):

npub1u2e0qzjsjw9suxcdkeqrydr07xzsyx8mzp469augc0a29aeasfdq8fx67q npub1xt25e4pakq6x4w44p9kw2vlfwv4zpc9hg7xsnrq53hl0za4ag2qs09cwcs npub17hgdpn9xnt5zyxlx8pz0uuus8d23pxwr9a5vq96nw5nawx20zxnsj6fym6 npub1arnth7tuxw060c74adaf08jam6kttn24wfdse9wyg2c7waycwezqszr2mz npub1qg8j6gdwpxlntlxlkew7eu283wzx7hmj32esch42hntdpqdgrslqv024kw npub10q0axre6n3ew64pen99x0qkrh70yxfx6w3grwvkhk4kz9dp8m3ssltvs6f npub1sf2se74xlzf7f7clm3dg28npaxghdy6pguzpsut30fjpwuaxrxcsrnhr57 npub19ychr8yknmje69r645sgd8j0epx2rdgdyl7feagcnmrwkaedzffqtrcznl npub1k86zp0778x7cjng50et5z76xdwxy0tgfn5amnrwrd6mda8uln4lq78ua23 npub13src792wxm8nrhqzu555uxuktfffzcqx78s3pc9zefcdjgwvm3pqsddz4j npub1uw04lzuqx42gk0xc4m8advfmuqlz8nv7dqpuyq4gcv8r304lwvnq2m5ew2 npub1fw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqvq2rfr npub1nkenffr9eslkzplds3lwcz7xeq67w6a9qcjlfsvspj7tnhuq3kgsram48g npub1w66drr2qta67gyt7la6fgglsdvk3xx3nndsz4k5wfcal8jq0ze7sqcxdpd npub12xq6exra99hg6tuefx3yysszqudaljvy6eyxqz8tpt7038gpaqus7lfuyy npub17tvf04z759dsyecdtmk70tevla7vua9e3sr88lgnl7put97764zq708q0m npub1rzajeq88urk58nh0n7gqknr2agrx34xu4en0k8hm43fl8h2khp6sk0v3y4 npub1yspe4ly5p9dlfv4vevm0evpag8ljkaay3x3clj8gtvxlsvpwrrrs6h47mx npub107a0nwr3lsj9kdy3jdq570jzcv95y0qzuuhrvcgrpsnq2h4xsclqzy7v4g npub14reqsqss7wp06k390a547pkqrlc0w6uzelm9gpwxze7p8z8x3awsuthvzz npub18fh6flnjt9aa3jlnp5k3kd9zr6v5mlpeczhdx4qheytfyyqfpe7s2y0lzm npub1lafcm7zm35l9q06mnaqk5ykt2530ylnwm5j8xaykflppfstv6vysxg4ryf npub1s00wyzkfrjcclawx225k7wrxd74369vxdcdhy88j89yhrxssfclqulxf93 npub1rmq4kl4dfvp4kt937f9mz60ywkwv467585vnesm3ctqz9krkksrqg4ran0 npub1d7r5su48a8m5k389fd6rwy9cvhlyycmg3pl2g60q5zmgvmr3xreq098mu2 npub1r8lsve0d5yezxq52fjj90kwz76xcweyxlx9uwhsrpd6gt7uk4edscl4fdr npub19ljjj23d7fgy0gujlnh26a293p6uwawrrnpg7jlqfnhnard322gssd2rnj npub1u484zct2rxyknscgnnxrwpuk3f2j679x8tdysvxh659whv99g35saq9xjt npub1gpd868cejawju35epkayavfkqfuykt3820xe678m2vqfqj8v7ges2t4umk npub172fwxt8nnauv2c6leevl0rq4mk87c5vu4mm4fqef58xt390jqxfs6ua7vz npub1gmdrkx4lgwzyqr6krqyykg9r2kpasftuu2x98ncvs9xz9cjhfgcsxns0xz npub1sfzc94dhlkrj6m9tdkle4glyazhtajjsj9qhjv279an06nr74uvqzka6js npub18rdvxdw773852gyl4kjkr5xmg44p9l0jywdk6cq8axl3k9yh59fsu3g8aj npub167h7xtt7tkfvr9mn9d09s4u6r4l0y7rr355jpjg55lg4mpdghsasa9c47v npub1q4qjda5zm33743dd4mewnx6j049hgry7ls4nvh54clcnax3wsnzqv7c5lw npub1mjckw2qsqemdnhz7ul63vpcd79fmar49r8y7fh0tffva767yx07qq68xkn npub1ry2uv7qwu840qx4fg38zzfrl6dfgaudn6d8s7trpf3sj8nx0vaaquj5qrj npub1zqw2ymcy9txda2wzuka7yx6vlyvuwe7k2pldxpxxx660nhf65tusxzdcp6 npub1fjr0qa7rdhll7cfpgdcsz5nry2gy92u7a8gr0ku390n69865ec0qxwcral npub1wc4rc9wxl2gfzxl384g0cw3f79nrms0sfdpe02y7aasy7c3we4sqd0qywr npub19x5l76266vfen827fudaampuuupkejg9vls88hld8nv4w4sq59lsqlal37 npub1gc24vefdu60d3e3yxg8mhu52hxxpcykesk85y8mez8llj23kpehszdmu3j npub1u9ja9ymqmaw7mn9tnmrsnpx0f9j6hs59kxd9de363jvadjamzd9qg3ek4k npub1lzt7pmhvg7hl23emv22g4d7cs9jyglkqpr7lf3n8rcz0evkacg2s6n4jjf npub1p22hyejtr60rdrmjvql5k8fyv8lkq8exzw5mkkx3qcwqcu6979aqvhpqlq npub15p6p9l5upa0y0aj5nwf7lnud2regh00az9u4a4fmgyh8ukyue8kq7xuzp7 npub187dlu8g04kk8adc309vwn3lxsj63fmaty5vmdyrsvzx2fcxg70pqfszj4z npub1adfs8z9rlk6dzwm44522ge0gf367t6s6x30nrulp0xq6wsglyxssxqwyva npub1wqh4j2lvkd0fz342he0jr2d8eqrjwlqsv42azw6utqnpkrjv72xqylx32z npub1n9e2cy50jk900hdzvxt4cjhn80qwzxuer93aylhfdc76gwksr2lsqt36ww npub1styn4qvw4h4s92pcntrffm5dhe889h3hanwjpv66r4ue7gd3xutqk9hpc6 npub157v53ahyyxh4mp38v363chz9lrrw8um9m0tyhqzjujz8m4pmr42s9sk9u8 npub1alq86fku99p0rgq6s0cwwe9lsa8vdvu4d6r7d6j6cyuysf2r76hsh9tt37 npub18cvuxxvd2a6gt76etnte5vtws7a5a4xeqgt03qcs0u46nfws0vzskrnwu9 npub1mlu4qvm8j7gqamukz98l832ghgktyj0whqrxfx89625m3p30haqq5racjk npub1l8tlpvn3kka3nm2qpk96amsuy2kr5kl9eusd54fpn3yjnefrnpaq2j5t9v npub1jtnuszgjayga0pzvm3t7z9pantcnyxzacu30mhvw4dk0lkkvhxrsgvfgw5 npub1z73hklrdpa0n5z663mvnu0afxhlegpt5exmkg9u0nmd32ktqs7fq3prv27 npub1tshn5e5h0ud3l6vegwrce2er2tuhxangx4yvx4q04uheznxxgp6qg9dx2n npub136aeqeuum2t8cjgfnpxwfkgf5e8fd95h39uqkenrr6u0yl3upg9skvkfq8 npub1pkjyqg0am9qyjwg772ue4hhshaf6gwgz4psnptlg9v8lk6st2naqct3ll5 npub1kvzyrn6zvvdh9jnvfzc6e86s0zpntvg0e9f0v340e59u2rut99zsuq9fl9 npub168dqt5c8ue3uj8ynlk0lhwalnp7uy39lvzf9tm09wy3htxwmw7qq5nerj4 npub1cajs9cz6r43rmn0y8v8cgeuuj2lfhftvxcq05f8efc22hr5fnwmshx0pvw npub1uu0qk8f7xv7egc6tf9kk3mkx99u2leldgzz0trl77uymvv8n8ahqtd6309 npub1t8a7uumfmam38kal4xaakzyjccht4y5jxfs4cmlj0p768pxtwu8skh56yu npub10wlfumja930vzz4jhh9vc6t3wy8ay7thg8mt9qcptlp5leqfmazqn79ee9 npub1tx8wamjvhaqme29rujkd4v978ck8d3ud7gxa9zzqtjftpfn9p5vs27a2lg npub1e5pneqe2je07e5sk00g8urqa66eljg74t4llv4htp6vq5f8kv2zsqrtway npub1nk7gygwkcfpf9hdjhkgyqszcgwyzmcrqhd9tr7zzczkm5ga79xusmm5qjt npub1p3pna34zku4fqe9mzyvhhffladjjxcug7jn20wm5rnccpjezn4ks0zaw4u npub1j4vyl5kadajpgxh2wrnfk2wvg25jhnv78s0mrs6ckuhft9uzqe7s9wpcgc npub1hfg3tsmmp7g3u5cw6mzg0n9andehmgel6jug486eppsr0rqx4a3qlp7yfm npub1zks89kfxmxv0s4sa7rj8yyd6ld8ncsqusm993678vq9ut73hn7uqhmecsf npub1hzt3p8ap8s4nnqjhha37z5q3jdc9lfg90js0crmg8u5lncnaqpzsdn75p5 npub12em9q547gfga2tkhuzc65ufrn5h9ndu270d7xnh0nkcz2gtvq4sqwutpy3 npub12fh76ppgs5g2srtvgewe9fprdsk2y6g42wf0sg2y0ucjxqq9l0dsy5n8wl npub1arjgv76ld978cya3k6xz24nuxkuezuqrsmy73x0gaxdlu7pxv4lq8npp2g npub1zpmtwh0esa4esnc4p6rn5vhx7wcfw8z0ky8nzczj6k46drsmm47s0zzlyh npub156zse25dzgt65kq472nfkfpwgqvf6vuw8ur0s0ny7zmzw4xqd68q3p4sem npub1pwyy6rwh9smlurdmfg7yy2lce43jlv9ac7l9zay723dyfx4m649ql85u04 npub13j4jtgrm0dtsfzecx4khzz5a8ykgdd374qewewj0ksfmenps67lqz2yr8a npub1dmdlkhqnzmde0ultsq72hnn8h6gjfrkfeud4hecjg8fg8pugzctsjwqas0 npub1yqq7mwccr6wv7vmhehgh4n9kwn55r9gneydhdu6249pntguacegsjgwevp npub1u79u7zxlz2flmwpdt59xsvv5syreavzdyu9llkg07swtf24a4ayq5g0uud npub1eezyd5p7n9vse3yv5k8vh068dutpjf7d9zuk6azegeh5ypvp270qqr8fam npub1s0p3y6rvmt5m6jf6zt96kl0c80x0fy396d8h3cvtsxpqq7lf7wwsgw780n npub1kcf4p6e8k0rkjtaaghu765647z58qu0wfpgxnqptlwg2pm30skzsm2mct0 npub10uqpae32d6t4xhcgmzkc5gkna3hf9xclpzf3q6kfusz5q8j5ruqs5tdemg npub1jldq9dk8kgtlr3akv8re00znkfyzq59t0yceuu6q0tdfxzmusarsfxfunp npub1ksp960nd2vhxxp4lw7unnhujy6mknd0mpw2sh7xuj4m963a2u03qw776l8 npub188qkhpvqhne68rwu878jta5a8uh3vl4mcmfp44nppydfz0td9tqqa5h3cm npub1e008u7wmf0gppsnzupclhzh4mexp90addmdu0wu9glyk0y6msvxskyd3yq npub1crtd3zn3ek0cwne036s0xfqgs6ywuutqdcwxl5k4csv57jsmlgfsjq9039 npub1u4r4hx3y820p8g00u65tpggk2rd5qkd0d3ukt2yvgwyhcd0qvymqweyx75 npub18e7t2damcrfe60empcnye5z896wf9fk478rgrdcawvv23hqtd8es3yg772 npub1s5uqfqur0jlnp9z32ag90e9p5y60z0e8ruryun6u8gy9c38s7caqqqjxvt npub1q9fawsk02d7ffc47l92peuasy9q23ganvs00aqfagxz9rgk5g3usy92n3g npub18qhe55gump3d8ff2xzugpeaxkq6gfc498hr6at2jlsert0h9qkvqquqmve npub1cj9w34dn6nyazvhtq9srms5rf9rj4tapmqlwc5d5k3cwk34vy8dqewkvj6 npub1wvkx5ckpcxmxvc9wd0q576qssle3ed40c4z5rpetwy8fqssq8k3qdhh3yl npub1wnpc03cvexrv7tqnz4amk5zpyxw30nat3xav8nna89j92h25q53sls0g5w npub1938qus3z7jxs4u5x6gpyf7pwavnvnvrhmlfv2jqryy43qf0mdgpqlrtyfq npub1gnvha9zemx47e3paehu59ssqjkkpkc0n6ugdufmkl9ahgd3qhajs6mfs4m npub1cha5p8ytujflljhet2k34sctnqyl3n5w74wnuy7c6dvyv870twas9xnugj npub1h4d7986rjexvgaqsv8zm4s88dekkacs9uadtad6zp8n38nkdszysj45nmc npub1wcuv2wqn3uypzx7f98vavt2gqz4f4qkzm28fgj4qpwgj3yfjghks0patgl npub14hq5lgadtyy9dhvtszq46dnl0s0xwdddqr7e32rdqqhma8a4xhsspxjjzu npub17rzgm20v9hf4m2hemlau5fzepyanwd5h3zxc0wkwq7y38s3g8uqs49lrut npub1l5sgjcjruwec2y2lxd23vj34qe2kkxyqnact76tsq5kzdtcmke0s4cz0uu npub1ylw08gevzgvwasypcs2lvmssfqyt46xzgul7lwvkssm76ehgq47qrn4xxk npub13t2th7tr0uxwc8mfkkr5dqmfrg5hmmdfnfjfhs4z2xal9z6hpe9q6xn9ph npub1239p46pv99lt94yfzu4xkh4u3vqr2k7rnmcc8zz64p6m8g0mva8qcxr0hj npub1r2eehghv6syvdhezrlln25fnz90clgdkcagqw87c9r735zlnhuaq8dpvwp npub1sd5wp8ufsttwk3c575gnakufgaeg3x4f4r5d84pun9n09yr7zq8s735ezh npub18txjwp7dj9hjwk972c32sj5xmngnutguvtg2r66a3g5rgw2s88xq3799uq npub1247x2zmsp8e766cy39gkuzywfq6ea89wd6sgvuh8lywrrvzvdqtsv9573z npub1mu2tx4ue4yt7n7pymcql3agslnx0zeyt34zmmfex2g07k6ymtksq7hansc npub152wtu2y9a5wlz74v88ahls2xq0g493gz5jx0wat9vfgxqzjfzl6qdazlty npub18yyc9l68tk6zsq63wmnzf3862l3xfckds38tq44egwl5l4g0nqeszhj50p npub15rdytrwdsc62qmvsc28xhzdxs5u35utlexg3tc3mtzm23ka4hzmsthe64f npub13je2r5t0s4uszds4lc5e87n77xngluwkjt0hesduvch0vk206gcsa0d03t npub10jjcalyj6a67qfxrax2mwpmsnrlles6qhk23j0dyc76h27gag05syya4qn npub155kdyaltpxaek29wkeza9prkr0t398ayn24wlp6pg68z57s8l67qka6ly8 npub1uk5ne4u0ey8s8tg8czceg70yw9jlzvk74y804wd3vaa3ncm5l9tsl2cjqc npub1q09ysz8xhfe0x0n2y77u6xem9whtsk5hgswz7s0lrj9znn8eksqqzzpsyy npub1rm8uwmhs7s9n3jqzzd92mwwgr8gca4p9x0u8vu8m5n5eppqj88fstspqh6 npub1e8antmtxy0vs2pjd6kah99lpy44ztads4m0udpf07vauvr7larzsf76w9j npub1e0ngk7s4nygt46cpmdrc63f3mfgjcp8edxh0f8vpp6zd5hwax4qq0mykcp npub1rksqdj6tpjx4ddcyc9v3jw458u9y83hk789jqy2j8h58jusv0mgscx389d npub1q2f2nlq5kxthrcsww2zmytyzal325gsvrv0aeg8fqj54z4kyrxgsylesz9 npub100t4hmfxs467q3cwqd5f3sej9zhm2edd3kcn57hj0kag3n49geusm5zt87 npub13et8ay8ny99mygd8ymznczusrhfrhhzzs8jdlep9q98r8uway9asl62v4r npub1qeydnlt70d29q3axc3h5v3spfntl74jukw9r6zy9s8ms6a82mupqgnr2y5 npub1n9hr9s73atxmjm0muz45ghwutvf2kc00lq2fa58rm9y80mpdqxmq73mdc0 npub145cgkka2733cmxn86khjshwyxz6ahgjp0ek9gp3fc2k7y3penkqq45ccpu npub1z24p8ghllrl4jxyw8juggm3cfrpn8vvfxxsjzjj4tuaz0qfkeqkstnk760 npub1h6mtmjw2au827vs99zlykn0tdhm3hpyffjgnaq8fsvjzem430hesd3zw5p npub13u9wq6td5qvj2dajmkjplz0ytvt4j7zvuyjg6kl9xqt5wznqghvqrptnlq npub1x7j0x34k2cguw8qk07hlgtpcdd22k0p4nfmuy3sk53mw7n5p4dws97mh3q npub1rlgz4nrqjvy7skd640reu9f9ckv5gzg4dmheeuq4u9dux42t7lys88svf3 npub1j5peadcc3as7ht6tszt47z2z3rec5py39y23cemrs47czyfxddnsskqnav npub1ymjhm0kxwldyx3f599d0cjvpcwdyfw7rmruyn8m2qnfhlu8mn4mspdwhqk npub1gaqn62wk22gesxfczv4q30kg3e2f6cqzdml645rwdyas6uaz3wdqexzlgl npub1z9vh6x3h5d99wvrjxw036ehg27cc37837f7dz4lr933euzu4pt3qn5874u npub1axy5sgkdz50hqrt266cl95qp7e5n9q6qmxguj0ry6mhpmu23t80s9nvqug npub1yvjmvxh2jx07m945mf2lu4j5kswr0d63n0w6cjddj3vpkw4unp4qjarngj npub1993fqzsar7lydy6lc8sztj5pxzeckttsf7m7dzjpcfvuu44uavksdks9p7 npub16s7exzaa4le983mjvnw7jfatum0jfxqtpfk2uqdel3c4q97uqznst6hyar npub15mptsgelg8rn5tjw5ltmdy8vmglws4fulr0kaghpv7t2jj8qzjks2mecva npub1yjvs58t4tgnmn98m4y2s64jferzv77p037zmwed8wzdful29a6esyajtwa npub1ctmkhtvw7rwk425sm4mqx6ak86aama7c6z8yxczfhgkwfv2fq7xq4mcr38 npub1f9jys8kppch9sceykam7p7uecpyam7ajm87wrgnndhjtj6jlp5vqe7y207 npub1k67tmzt34d6klra3ykrhkpvu0y8g8rlzv0egpgrry0xxcauxqzestwyz59 npub1x49ytzhkslwq6680jqsng7dy79vh8alsqpapr73m3akn0qerhj3ql7s2w3 npub1m2us7cgdufhg30yw6kawugwt5slp8kh9ed88dn7q5gtq5y20f95s9s25vt npub13sdds5pcp344k5mhfch7ltc4a8737uxqw9c47wfe08kkrnm3rhssm60637 npub1qfamw8qmsekxxu8pj5kfa960sgwsc86wys84gqxkzkzld8e6hk3qtvv7kq npub1tsxemx456uadxs4nsqenmquvws53290eg2gejrhvx7w965c779mslf7pds npub1ymxlmrd2yd59g7x4uejzsgmn4xlglu0schl39m2mjx5nzfzl2hcs73hn6g npub1qd05jn0jxlzplx33xjtzstvgeus9dk9405kwqf79vu00czwyvghqf08md5 npub1n5sl69j0w6c79tut2anqf69tkfevr065kzjt4n2rv2gres3q45ysmnj5nc npub10qjw7zw8m6yq4sr53watq4u8y47eef28jsyd0tmyhyfy4pjhntgqva7d9t npub1k6n2ghwu0afld0tnl2p43q7wtu2u9hln6e89ruv9a2y5deej06dskek6xy npub1ax4szvq26em2klfqj6hr38009x6k6m7nhe2z7mq0xs4xszetxe2s6964q4 npub1645w5cevetsz2364mss575panjuaa5ffh89ax4tp6u7x0tr2xlhsc29g25 npub1ys9j7sws8vccfwjctlqu7kx2hlfmkcxmjxmdttfl29edxv6xgelqkaffe4 npub1h4fnky04vkfkyac8shhmy0fwkrhuha65c5ec2ggvv03zv7pm64ls9x5vag npub1ueenpne5qhkvr4l9rw3c2ls2f6lgm7gh7f7ssl73l5yqt7um6uwsyatgml npub1krcpj4r4gp28vswfc4gztr5gku58c2eyhll47tyz5y2hhl6jyjwqduv9mr npub125nh0nkr0czuzkpjkqvjwc7mxuuvusr4n7a3kthjyfeer70eac0qpy5lsx npub1qcr5atkc2u04wx80pdyfnnwrttrw0taaz8hst3qt573j44yzxcvqkl339x npub1x96qzppsymujfyzn4dmkl08qgcr3aw7f2tt0xlmgyudfaggeq7zsh0yghv npub1l56z85xvaplh3033l8h2x9thypamu0d2hyqnxkw0ujuntqm8asaqh99sza npub1wh30wunfpkezx5s7edqu9g0s0raeetf5dgthzm0zw7sk8wqygmjqqfljgh npub1kqd90mglkp0ltmc5eacd0claqvnayaklkvzkdhx7x84w9uavplxszvrlwd npub1ly9cmpxs5kyrhnc946rlxmyj397pvcp3606zgvh3kvukmqveaxmqgwdwct npub1papvv8nyg68m73wae3u25lvxw5wfz2htpzk7j85z8yng3xqqvntqc5n9vf npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 npub16y2de3wvy2xgj3238r8h8g96hwtqsfm72sxcfw2t4c5xfjwnm4ms5y8uyd npub1ln4q6lzdwzxnvuv0a2gnfcxrfhwyfpcrp8tj5a403mwptq8r8clsq2znta npub1e0jya9z5wu68dzgxqeg7gal9ytgwvr63evtchv4a4wr8u5dcvs6s6vfwgm npub158dcjddhtq29ezyd3j5qyc70xyzyzujg02kcrla706fs52zcahaszql9ha npub1gayzxecnek73hm695d8tu94n2q3xnlucu9gwr2zqnql090rkautqq7ne7s npub1hvtyspm7n7nea59lhe2fdvwd0rqw7de20fl365wklsg4jsmrpwrqe6yaeh npub1hsr44v6satu5qkjcua36u8a8ng7fhh9ljv8mmnhvkf0a6407nhtq2k4ths npub18s8ym4ajt3rfwa0yn39m70k603j8a7wkhylhewzcjhtfheu8dnrqzwv677 npub1zdwjkqtwkst8y3mjj848hjh7tuqwqp7uvcfxzrl43gyx2k7pkz2s4p88cz npub1xq0pc34qq99yawjxl7rsqx7wgs4x3088tkwwle5kz3jqwf0ggyuqxx5et7 npub1dgx9jmq5sn4w96qnrgps7f5egjfpu5npnswazsaq98ryafkdjucshaaej8 npub1s6ms8dqxc4s2e6yawg20lkrpk9dxazz9qsaernpxndc2axua26rsva6lha npub19rxp2h2c96h9y79nhsu8p9yn4f79k8q76z40v8x6g0j8mcmex7jsu4whlq npub1fnvuz4rad0sc6ueflq33kj242hqe65da40zug7u5nryvjdeg0xqsl4y86t npub1e2d8f64kaxepfqncve7gy72vam3h66vmfwaqnalekv8zmh3qar4sz34p0k npub1krahyq9me8aglq54cfffylgnj0sy0q02emv9zr4csc94kz3qajxsmwu7lj npub1qn8rpsky3t8v5dn30rycfwpktwclm544nlef98tg23drgk022a4qtzekjd npub14p529xk3dmtyqp25slasulxx5p6yu2js6lz0072qu77c54cz6pesq2qsuv npub1mxlypddvhxdatdjdh2twejz7d8lkf90350f2zhzcunhmu7pgw9yq9033ss npub18lav8fkgt8424rxamvk8qq4xuy9n8mltjtgztv2w44hc5tt9vets0hcfsz npub160mrpl505fmse22eue6v23k4u4z0yyw37hpf3j73z97jtq50rapqx9q0ac npub1ve32zawsazgn9ukyr0trw4u5zk5z9ravgq9g06ml4gfzuvuzrvyq2mfzr3 npub1c0dysexhhd09e65rvmeecx0dpn6c7lq4yp99f3h4ktnr4vvrez5ql3h0y0 npub1758748kzgkp5vrt2u8vdgx462kt9f5p2x84xwljm4svadq9xc84sl9yk27 npub1rg7x6lh3zurejwnhxljdh8td2uhnhucx3jhle565eh7x94aqn03qrwrm9s npub14nefrmsdvn72qq5f3zqpdsh068ufk02e3t79ukga457p0v796chq7xrakx npub1l04nl239dn9wps24a753xq38h3wtlaa7vxmqatf9y0g6vzae6u0s27vwl8 npub1mezldzxnv6lszd7vlh60k0cqgxca7s08x5akyvln9fhz58jyfzsscyepuv npub1a76u90rr5tfdn9vf3sg574g0vftz4p5vu5r9t57c9atpwt64jkps0h4qya npub18g9zwmrdjcf6mkz7zpavmcx46r3h9ydxv2urwc9kqvha7vzght6swffxry npub12y8v5es4g8ynms5495l448977l25puf39wj9has66f7yg8xkhakqn89g0n npub1gustav0kvwh9zlz22ns7y6utwt3s2747mh5s6ja7v622tl09megq9heczp npub1t62k7smt3nad7s3rzhkrcvzlmheerk8p3qrpjwj32c9lzfmz5ksqaegpck npub1cuvc5stpvpeljeveqlk9u6tp3z3qams2w9r3s72hy0ufxudlz4fqu3x5jv npub1g8henaumhfjngrkpp7g7urz420hdzcx2hnh9grf2r7g3sxtur6es8uucpq npub187c8yedmqmss7fxtzqya4vphfkazl04lvrz7cp5xghhwzjduc4rqkcwd0t npub1vg9lk42rxugcdd4n667uy8gmvgfjp530n2307q9s93xuce3r7vzsel8885 npub1nkl720g0fuvzt4dqm5xxjet2lnm95z5fv4k3jvgz5jhnvhe2lehs98d9kr npub1l74p0yq6uzce4v4ntvvj9zcx03rc75g8gn0ajsccxzwyunv9m6tqwjlh45 npub1tl2pwveluev0jcmm973x87qt0uy20hxnyrcwefxv3nkv9kpxmzgs5pl9th npub18zhn7vrv94vy26vsf677uyxxvs29t2da492xs3xnxl45sszvh5psw9vpuv npub18z4uprsemsf4tcxdnfc8q2esk36g5rleqp6mw9ealtn2kmv8pxjswswrvz npub1wl8u4wfqsdz5m9ey0vvzh4y05mcpk2lm2xhhpw3uzs3878c2mw9sr2ksxk npub1ejp9v82302mth0k3nlanyh4zm4tskvg9yk2hp5fjun0g7uc47n0s0q07vf npub103wzz5eeegcwzrchje02m4rcxqxqtz2rauefhdshmtzd9xjxxdnqm5kd9u npub1k9mx4t56d6jsm658mmnwv7uvxl9edflkelpu4llgwrlc220d9qlqcyhueq npub10x8de2sz6apxnju8wwtqx00sjkeqj22kcjjfajsa9hj77492hkhs4g287f npub1q24ugzmm8ptkyq3gwukkl680kyftmlk3cmqu49x7yy4zuv94a3cqlhw8ld npub13xd3wejhu3xy5hmzgd0ymc9apee7ett6my4xsug5ya0z2f650n4qaf9f8z npub1vxd0dfst8ljvwva2egrpc53ve8ru78v8aaxfpravchkexmfmmu3sqnrs50 npub1nnyqvvr992hn3umzgehppzt49vhm9u4vet9zhzks4wq2a34ehv6qm6wkx8 npub1467z25r4x9xj6xgrgsk6a9gytdy0qp8xuupplxyunzfp5esk2uys4gm0a7 npub1w48530djsgja5d63k27mr8krx3xg63qvrjhczfwqgtmml4kgxw3qpcfwvj npub1ymldfnyvl2u5efjkdlqhpjruhv345qtesj9jf22paxmgj50nfxes3k4wqd npub1mqn5acr09lls33wapadkdf27t9v87h22jf53c473wzpkgld6z7hs72mwzd npub1y7yvamgvwdt6h8skh5yf5phn25yt7c6qcpclgpd0nglsy3f5uu2qu47fad npub1q5jxvccuds9wmpqhr7p770y4ewqcfr2dehqarm5alhm4hpgvrj6qtm2qhm npub17nd4yu9anyd3004pumgrtazaacujjxwzj36thtqsxskjy0r5urgqf6950x npub1k2teldhmj7d53732ekcs5ta0qpjsj9fhwc2e5ve5wljqpxht5mfstxx3qw npub1cn4t4cd78nm900qc2hhqte5aa8c9njm6qkfzw95tszufwcwtcnsq7g3vle npub12xm5ax6rqp3n9n0lwlja22lpfuwc6g63a76p5kdxuszqnn4ut2ssj2k7jn npub170d8w0jjdcjuh70lq5ppr0pcy7cfuxj6hpr00tm4et3v53j8pvrqj0chu7 npub1fs3n5u75kmtfgzzuy5ms5qexchv7kz3altj7e2uzl79ygf2nn0nsv2sdjg npub1y8hsmp2pxadwf09g22zsjla6xu8hu4qttgcwte6kwrqkv70e69zqvtfqyr npub1rtjk5n3cgdepj95wylpy4h6etg2jel3erpn8px9wxys8tuueeeushu5jyg npub1m0lr5fdjrhhwxl7dev4h7c5yvruz2vp949tun5zmulxuktcm0fusy0gg5r npub1ur6emzgy0wrg5xyvtm7khy7a3sttv4jrhpcc3px6mp2z8pkxphwsyy6kg3 npub1efyfeevwrtxnmncs8767p66wxwulm0wd85cszksw6n6uw2qtca6qzfvgyx npub154efugcrxmttmnp5cfxpnhgwglvxswsxh6d84jcj0a865a7s4jgsrrun7f npub16erzcypvccc08a6z6l6gw830zj7m743ah3gtc85rcjhfqmqjccksce7jej npub1jpxn8d3x0p8cdxvxzafpcpqwsfnvgntywhgne9w085fzu2mjjw7qldgdg0 npub165llzjv9ux2s3ezx5k6l4mzhvly9n8gyzhx5p7v4499heee4w4fsvhnu5w npub1mcgm982av268z989lv9h23f0w733wxecqhjjw5l4dvzdjgl0gu8sdss2v5 npub1z3adf0m2c2mul0vtpru4f5uzghn746xyf2udxv63de2ckcmg697qqmjnvn npub1520n32u3r68qtlw5nykxegtxkdt09rpk7h52laectc4qvdcde34s2u9qsw npub122fgydglyvhzr753e0l6k092x8h5k4ev0g9v90lpgje597srk6gs420cc3 npub1xngvle6vzkusezsxs35kgulf6s0usjxej3qvs4kczezy6q0war5sxmumdn npub16umw99z8jm5r55neprqmvlrsqzwklernxnczam2xu5q5fwjaj2kqttgcvd npub12aa8fnjcp84epqtmhtnc4w2fah9tfyrews76nd8hqltpedf4l75s5x6lg8 npub12mllp29adf2fw0eeahmseczcu3y4625qyn3v4uwfvkpzlshnmj3qs903ju npub1l8qw5av3039qhefprytlm7fg8kyyc0luy8yk2prk2l8wc38gf86qzw7nnm npub1nwrrty92erpe8th9wv4u9l9f20pqqh872kwjmejc6mu9hfnzumfqk5fua4 npub13qhkp54f8w0vgql3lqukvk9pduhef099hx0azmzupuhxevjayy9qsfg266 npub12jyfh0sy02ku5p3zg6hhfvph4zphl3y5jqfk9skaqa59z7pmfh0qqyn9mn npub1t8pha5vxkct4mlhskzz4pshvwznsma5646nmzz5gcth06mth0hfsuleyrc npub17ptx9z8mnyw2vd8as0nyh40gtvyydufme8peweh72ax9kpxrqzxqmnsxpq npub1lzh4pgufkx4xq675fujac9mmxs5zmf8ffucetgp02vep5eae3acqwez9kx npub1gnrfjvjmu3jucpmkvj6ptmdxcj766hwcrekjeuzlwtcqrqmyszvs3pr7lj npub1gazxqfx8ldqkgaldz3hlwed2h3nwzfmwavkxp3s9j36qhfzeladsmfe0a3 npub1xc5c7srsajcem7s8x0sndqsu6yqe36xzu2kdnu0cky353x6tkreqx4lsgg npub17kytlyvd28tvpz9u8z2mrr3pq503pmvtv46qskjccfch9vwqhadsregenj npub1vcq8nv3lctr8ctk2dp7h3e0su4f7gklgx4dlm2375l6u69hvuh6syj3d9l npub1v6xa5avwqkyqwzmfhu0ul4cm892txq4jnxmxsvgt5pnralqj9upsnmsnu4 npub1m986jhedeq7xxe8ukxc3dqwqzcz0ue9fra6m0t2zpvp8yezkeexscz7ena npub1yftkt6shs2fls0djxzww2nc7t96x6uxq490qw860ssfda755pc0q6emnz3 npub1rl5s8caaq8vsjfhxnmmmguxryug2f2has0kg5gzedepzle8quncqn9patu npub1ucsl4dgwslalsgje4es7jefqexlsf678wrhvu8q59e3djzgl7krqf2hnad npub1hvzkl03x7z8fews3cc5h99mxtze83rwxunre2687hcdy0zqn0cssnszrkx npub1q884swxynxp5dt467g0v3gk6t89tgd3r90pgdwcvxtlnjf2l3jtswgwvcc npub169jj88ry88e7f6cmcngcz8mu67ak6q6u2pgtcae6wa4ju00z8gts8hac60 npub1ahfkmjuzqcngqule5c4eq3cucxd65dpkp0sguzzsr2duxwlx9guq86x8en npub14xcy30kssvtpj29f40rk2kk5d2heumaxnz77ahkuejwepqngy9nsewgz0e npub13jpmntdr2k04x76f0c76syf3za42esn2nnd6kumc2cwyltmtje0se6mvqj npub1us9tzl0zc0ggfqw6348wyctck7mmh34w0hpn2rs236akusx7ltjq5s8gtq npub1eykpylvevzagq8jm8jutf2pmjnnelmyuc56a66v9g7ttcth5kfsq6vllrz npub14r294afl5jqgvj4hlfpj3dvyxenxh4vuhepn68zdurcas5r5xy2q5ydufe npub14n46ruge3mmv72xeyjw5zl4cec6dykrme78plmm0zmpnclcptqzq7kct5u npub1yvw87p6d2rmd3lqdp3c6npjhunpra9huxnl8c30rxjw8tnwd292s3jusa9 npub10agmu2vwed988jdxs8cewppw5jvk0xtvh9vdyguttuhugu930fdsdcsdp4 npub1gyu3h0kmqmecf6044q5r88vu5vtf5u6rekh9yazxrtejfexct0lq5zpudc npub1kstv7m2flm703dmufltz4l4lkm3pptl0zdqjvkx8ap3aagttkd4s8d5pa8 npub1rc56x0ek0dd303eph523g3chm0wmrs5wdk6vs0ehd0m5fn8t7y4sqra3tk npub1mlf37lk424pxrstpdhxqp04v637kjyashaj4ea73gfz86yr4gdzq3mjtav npub177xlld4katf3aardam7qpu88l0ttvyde739qcvjdjynweqnncuqqvxmfdc npub1ykfmyfwtanmhvp06wn3ggwm0gl0v5v2ftmnkmhz6swl2x4ur9udq7ld2fy npub1a5pl548ps6qdkpzpmlgkhnmh2hpntpk2gk3nee08e5spp5wzr3qqk7glwn npub19gskj4eqgjgjrwjw5zhu9rddnrqfq59slm5fa5a9crun9wm2qlyqccyh6h npub1ujxurwzpfrxsprf0urqfxpp0qpm2yrpneat4udg7e0v560nzw3asml0d9z npub1ep6wcd256kvsdxey2ylycrpvmf9wnsqvg46kzqrhuw2akxj020kqvkq9hc npub1pumdyz7qfu0suamv4nrl0vcg574dtl5mwazva6nyjxhpwc4ccxxqca3ane npub147d47sem878zwqln7k9y8y3273v29ase4r7lk5yeta62xk3t739qu5n8zd npub18jzu9qrrmhhwk57zqhfffymy7hq8vrncxnvl0sutu5y2lhr456sssgsesp npub1wmnvcv3ycqmtfsysmrnkyckja8dc9nt5sgf60rrel339v8chtgnq4p5w26 npub1tc07sk67d2rs8x90fpg9x727ulzknw7xjyk4lds7pkzauw2tqntqpzs9dq npub15h8pr8t0l6ya275k42cwwhrfu6z6vk6qydkdn55p6wn4f424s2qsasdczc npub1l0j7srkgmdwy8839st2hn8f9utlgh9vtrm04jksh8tsu32h5vpms9k7zqa npub1p9auvqfn3dtrjnwkhxdvvk6xn3tt8aa2uv4dh2af42nv9z8nh0msrjvmhp npub1lnjp9d8xz5zguufe257vtx59kgjuxxufv0fjnplwcfncvpc7vahscraxv3 npub1mhp87q9axdlwh9ac3p7drg9z764mxwe27xvxm7x704l9dykfy9xqrgmxdq npub1253ehcqxctt4ps8kjfmhqje965v8gtzn7c6gtq02c3kqvtxmsx4qv9my05 npub1gk0yyk54t6ptq5m7hygy8rvc98pq9zz5uhusz9ht6yxcpmvsr59qg5ptts npub1828ey4s37t3dlwjmgsa05zafvdlsfsa3lu5vlk5cdx0a3zppv7nq987tnk npub1h6h3jwx3fvz9sanmg5yx6rutmggsnz5t09t795yf4jk4dqsfyq3q47kcxr npub1cw2epa68jpmy384t7vn0suvd3mxnk5s02ap6fcwg0x6jqy4lhdpsfg84uq npub172g2zwq6vkerg02urweyt2daa0huavn6ghcr4gxt93lmhvnzan0snuwkc7 npub1awwrv77yu0x9rvuaq55ppntc52rhxt0w9t32zkyw2jszvmgsqnkq2f3lpm npub12p25mnqkunnhup0sk6ky0vvtq5pnkapezx8kh689dv2vl2wnp2vquyfw5s npub106yj5wlntf5els6w5cw3gwmsgh4yu7vs0lrpw4c0uzkq3rqmkkgqg7rgpe npub1a4u7yc39v6fvr48a3skz9gwdzl76hf499mk96x703nzc23mdqq2qe84e0k npub1fc72tcwhr5fhcmcczzld6femwd7d7uhqwjw8rp5w9enxj52xjqxsmpgv04 npub14h5r077z3edgts6wl2me5vk52x5se6nnhry0ldfzua872ggcxw9slkd3fd npub1xlngepdt5qz752x9423gnvj2gk92j55qsdhm7mrtmju7x36pwnxqg4sypx npub1rl9wszqmsqduzjagewq302qfadjy4mt5vw5zvm8xdamvp3d0nm3sr88s7e npub1ayvrrlpygam2ruyx2lhtkvgjc53wjd3vvvs0ysjqh3pwhryaju7qd60eq3 npub143mkh6lvtrha7w7pjw32ujkljc9ell9wpyvd707nahqy0rt62kws4wlyhl npub157rwfe8a4gffdcx5ca56q2qsvpp3z757674lkwca5ud9j9pdcnaqct6p2h npub12z3w5jynqn3pjt73kqz6wkueygrvt57qfwgxy5u5pmn0uqutdwdq5jpd8w npub1zfrc4u0dnph8flpqar5r5lv3gpn7qafhlh35zpcm8e6ex4k24snqhx69js npub1rvww8nakj7rgz59jdqlswdmvjn0cd46q2h4y00wuaquwyn383fysxlpyxt npub12knmfzy88xpc4dhuly50tlhcnar07c4pd3w9pfpd4lnssmwhvtrsgq2ez4 npub1705am22u3tep8vvdwkqex0jm9pazhmqqyxvaqzcnv76m53xed0xqeetuva npub1q0k8epddegnec4kj0j3rew9yel0jsrp82sd2new0zy3m9pcfgqas4r5yp7 npub1fcj3en06ajdm09y3twytsrnd9n7yqayt9e9xuutqdrwnqu85t6nqt7rz5p npub1jvej78jr00s94gdyct9md9x2ljtjr0jhej5c4mm7cejp39dwgu6slkmju6 npub1mp0jgd4gaj5hhw99lfwxufl0k50m398jcneqsp940sjzz32skmzqw5uuat npub13u8pyc0azav54a9gg0py5khrmd8er6ac55kvag72h43r4q8s7nnqsqsy4t npub1ajan43fcllaxc589juls8pef90cgdya0p0en38h55fal42nlgkrsvltfdv npub1pvn0tyrrrv86xpydzq6ppeyyuh3zut263m82emdfmydn37qa6x5qmh8khc npub1pfx4fj43y5j27ywgj02axnyup0eujtk3g6r4ug2n4nvfsa2kpl0qwvtah5 npub1rpx2y7u00jmsvwt8zlkztajmk3e5se89vhnswsz4suuyg4a3fx2ses6lkk npub10jhpwcdsc6mrfs8audcdds2x5txdagru9835f3drthzaumxurduq6esrnm npub1narc0ect9jf0ffnvcwg8kdqlte69yxfcxgxwaq35eygw42t3jqvq4hxv0r npub1yrffsyxk5hujkpz6mcpwhwkujqmdwswvdp4sqs2ug26zxmly45hsfpn8p0 npub10ua5vjul7d3rvvzg2psvhk36w7gpx8zn8xncqw773l4hnf0pkp4qccymjg npub14fzrwpygf69t0e9snrk2ms7ltn8u4dnvunl6d98zkrgdzf256exqa3j6rj npub1x8vkne5rx99wzup65m7gpmhmgsa80d3dscp8hafrwj70zxzkyexqttjd5x npub1643y7m94wwu30awq5djh7lkqj48evpz944yetgzhssmykkh93zlsz22hhs npub15pkupvdv7hmcjumlrx5yjmcwy2f9fl9fmsa9mx7qjlau8k59rxusq2v0ny npub15wnjy9pfx5xm9w2mjqezyhdgthw3ty4ydmnnamtmhvfmzl9x8css6kt8fs npub1saygqd4rdf8edlm3r45cexr97zndj3254lxyz9dejjlztscvndcqhcky0f npub14neap59th00w9keu9uffpal72dxyex5u7vc8pwsuqrdxes2mkrascnlukg npub1nyzep3atafwfrnq7346dmx7kjhqsrza936rnvnlkv25fzd09gxpqw3gg6v npub1chgzxyqjnvv7ryuf095cswtym37jummaqme42dfez8q25h4l734s9xdl08 npub1gp0cpreej8amtmmd4zn72hvgr4d4tgdhg3vpe0m4yxzqz7skg5eq47jmuc npub10gp3mv09aet40plum7f4pllyc8g8u4thq8mkkwymdcct3schagvq6fuh49 npub143jqpdq583jd7t4ucfkr9wzug9h3904vcng0vymyley0dx43vv8ssk2gc7 npub1z8y57drslgthaefkvya7kmqcdm9c20uutz336j9hp4frkrg32nwq9g4ju8 npub12er2cnsfzc3d5ceggpjazwx9a5cwna4atxslkwe8975lp3fuy6gs6s36tk npub1cpxjrlnhfmcclcsly5c0dvrgvl5nsctzxpp4s9f2nh4qeq50mwsq4089fc npub17dhclpvjmlkhlgkh04sc2296wj0veae79fq8dkwr5efvlz6vt79qgyqztn npub1gm7vxd6yjqsjx49ddqgyflllpjuhduqch79jlp07upsh3uf6q47qsm4xlv npub1d8h26etwdx6ws4afflra7reqwtvjsm7u8zn7jz0w5q0ah4tgx3rsga3axt npub18trgdajss33u25jvk0g2yv6lxr7s7k2dlkkku6eqq7m4hrc6aazshusdhj npub17s290m08ukaz9j3nhyuj5w2zyxtdzdqvrvsgv65c7ckcxshjrxrs6wnfhy npub1jlu3zyj7f2hacdrrmy7jpny9f7nnvuxt2flrasjtmgut90502xqqtsx4rf npub1vwcy6na4rcx6r43fqyxkhzzdvqufctnx06ywvrnajmq9p3mu27yqxy04ch npub1ea35pc7pqg2uvstspd0ljlu09t580qc942n5eevvmkrv6huchffspl8087 npub1jxl2tnvnv9gycsy64aze295c3a529lx5sfmzlktf5lxuw805g5wqew0z0n npub1l885a986vy3sj3watelhdwea74jxhy8688ju4h2c8wz2e94tcd2sl7qjy9 npub1uy7tnhwxsr0tc8eexksandgcct5wtua2xazvl2gfyy5n86p9sdvq7nwdzc npub12wm6zfgan2v2jc5tknkjsj9d64qfk6y4ggu32f9tgnu0mpuz26uqctkvly npub19hvj2zeg7ck8cj2p2az5y0gplllhgzzdu0khu5fhnpfmum5jspeqqcdjej npub1cqykgt4enf0ce9v36kjzugx94l6tp8dd5k8ktfgga9ahgs2mzess82r6sm npub1th77tvx7c3l9qgxql4grcllh9qahyfvz65ruplrf6kh0sfzuya0stmendl npub1w98zr2sevkqle6lmt7u503ewclhzs2cdq94ke4mw7kmpxy2u9y5s6fe9yy npub1c999aq8sl4fmw8an6hfj5lfhuneqc35seffqs6938hxajr2jq6rquyvp6l npub13tnrml3s46xswsk8l2p4tv8cdmnpkvrk4p32828jwce7puefc0kq8jlf2d npub126v86pztd6emjtkwxe8jj8sa8f0m9wcavsd4j0raemdxksegfg3qfaan6r npub1uz9f979gqjj0ymul0kqq79g8gtelwe6rs276jm7qnaffmn545h7suw6nhl npub165h57grx6hjw0grfcw805srfxl53ggcsl3mmhagmp7rg8x80ehasytgw9y npub1re764kr23sa6d2ld6fhukthcwgnwvsrahe92zq42kpdu3lm05sjqwjchtt npub1m0l0harjth9sses5h0r2slf7l4wws4clgt88s6n23ct2kd2xdkusf8nqjj npub1a8w23gjnfv0f0qzjpfeqg7yc5ddf4c8m8jks50l84lrv7h52jhgqq734am npub178p8fw0spjry5824n5wv96rfre8lq4r30ysyctfspzy97n3tl0nqcg5hzj npub1yhyc5znlka36gx496q2lmqhyttlef7lpkx790vjmsh2xfacdeu6q9zu2sd npub1h7mp8nd39hzxywqdl28rm2du9j2jhcarmsmakmulm6z7fc4lx6eqqaxh7q npub1dvqg5278etemtvxl59ahcey8cywrcl0krhpu8dt9s70mgwjar3jsqh5ywp npub1dpm87jq8zpgrvq2thr80chmjjrj0tww7q3hx9kq7wpzq2aayqxdq9a76um npub1l506tlst4adydg0tkshynjw6dsk5ukjvpzr67y9vas8v3nzxylssq6p0j5 npub1pe493zu4ax53pthcsfff7uehwppc9w6peashtyu972ey2szdeheqxcfk5k npub1kuxfh7e9fds89qzzzfjrh6c80d46jstqnm2q29wekyykr4mk0zvss3yn27 npub1gwx22vu2yzm8eq95nvvmgvpax04u96gq4r8rgqqf9pgsheu2lz4q429cus npub1n8ahhlw8trcpwkqdcetl5pgqvrxcfvgrtj037zlflrnqymq5f40qhnwpd9 npub1ujr9zwz8h7xtkvp4pn6aslguqvks43h8ej2z2g86snff0h4xxmuqjzcwy7 npub1vm4s0uqkydaqzt44dyt38p5spltl6637sxrfxswmr6k883f5a0ds8taxyl npub1zqvtnvxrdpg5vwh5alpx0m567092m2ltynqxlk004976tgc6syqsg9rcv4 npub1ld5xqfflwy6txghaaef2d4rnyzkvwvz2crncmtvhq93xxsqvzqtqzdx4yp npub1er2xa679095y03xlcmycgg4r93nluqpluye44h0ndxdy6k5uxcdsqwtqkf npub16jde9ylpry7pyau6svgqktdes242ynfk9snfafh8gq3r3fj5xfus44xm32 npub1zqgjtt2ayahsuxzp3cg7h8qwt6ev7phz9x02ktc0gdlwz70n23nsla0sph npub1h9c96qqmcupyvtq30d0xvp97h2cx966gz8n55cqgd24hgzvz047s6hxyd4 npub1h955atshn3faxg5r40p4achtxg3q832h0agjn24sf63tnkg5ezfq0fnr0n npub1ker60jkxmxjmft468v5wzth5757v2end6wzd4xn67jyej8taj4zsyp7tqy npub1ddjzjva20mwp9xals7v0nh3devvjewevkkrqrsglyhnwa59ctswq6kzdys npub1wtvrnst9hus9pvz3m95pusfjzq4z5zly3w4lehulh6xc8dajl60qsrjg5a npub1hl07ukzg0xk7gj6ejr5k5e6gmakt9tnu5r07f543ce6e7sa7dc0qv0kcun npub16dana9qsfpf48ccyqwvl8jlw6k5u8adly9ph76z0ftrs88lf7vtsrzlu5s npub1fyd0awkakq4aap70ual7mtlszjle9krffgwnsrkyua2frzmysd8qjj8gvg npub1saessfmtu5xwnwh60e0rwnj0e067npv6yxgc7d96algqqart056s5gkuqh npub1lylzl87mst3swjtj97j8aajyfmaqctaylgw9et5agyp3rl42y5as87k86d npub1z324cpkjv9ay5fanw7rex5847dy7h3ndvaej2hy2vmc7r8c35res3x2kje npub13zlwh0n00pja6dkw6htamu6sl8668hpgr45y5lnmnmvt92g3laysqqsatw npub1u2ukfds6k42qwufd9xd5l535lxt3g2zet9rmmlhagtjxg6t8e6asmx0w6c npub1ezeah83hkpsguazn70rmkmfwh864wdejv7h7q7tsuq46wquelelqu8fr7h npub1pvuu3ms6vlu7lmysggjuuz6ctsuyjdmy3uhlywg7jxdewvtr7rgqakhnsl npub1vny9x6jl2cmvhva8m9gq05z0vf2tar3vy72503hvuru0pxtnz2vq9v0fyg npub1s9s55cwl2m6cd5czukune4y02gecrn7m2tukj8zt4epheaqlk7wqsd753t npub1qvwpwvdvq4hckarg9ekldnvzza0shka85fk24uuh606vhg4l2grsuw808l npub15ksrns0fw4l8heral0hst3szmvpka67a94xxjcm3ddlpx7hcn7eqhwfkrd npub1zkrdvkmnx0sv7d8hyd0ma22lfvvphhd33d0qs3sg7lrtrv0xdv9sa7gy52 npub1nknxhegrddacazt8sax6cr2h0r9sht6ajmq3s82vjhg54ey2rfhsumhe3c npub107swly8y0ert2upsevqk8fqw9tvacfvuygw55qcv4s2eav6f0axslhmymt npub1a9a2l7jqqxa9mwrw034lcnuhcsncg905sl03ava49md55t4awewsvvzz87 npub1yudjcmkasasju6znprl3rpyp39xa3uk4g6sfrv3wxestqsehs3eq7z5f8r npub1cy3a6gug0t4jrl8plq393cjjxwtg6cewcuek0n0hkww4h567dnts0ft0dy npub19jxz6jynvhlwzmfyhmn5tzymdff0zuq8jkg2mq268a5045f6favswaxu2q npub1uvx00x8svjwma2zhddwpthyke6zc3rrxqg5gj8mxdjv77zvwmz2qgw603z npub1ewe3r7x8qemdh7v30gndpamgrmu0k6nu4twyt62r6ukvkvmpgkls24272j npub1deexjnst5g52wh9kmqr4hy3wzhh0gspujs2nc6m0l892rzj788uq5gcpq2 npub16qsq63pgxyw5vz6847y9w4cau0fmvhykw7uy04p50u5muulc6kwqn706mz npub12cfje6nl2nuxplcqfvhg7ljt89fmpj0n0fd24zxsukja5qm9wmtqd7y76c npub1nu0yladm9rr6wsz8w3v995gcxl88vqcdnp8uv3zp3xk978d3658s8kvmhm npub1dn5cj3n85c085yqry7wle93uhrqtkf9m2zwqgt8c233js0lt9ugsdr7zzt npub1vudm0xsx4cv3zkvvq7k5836tnkv64q0h7uudnwujr4a4l9zc2p9s0x8url npub12c68tkshmelhtrd7ye5fqg3gwttd33ly7gzxkwh2u4qt008nu7gstf7x0p npub1dc9p7jzjhj86g2uqgltq4qvnpkyfqn9r72kdlddcgyat3j05gnjsgjc8rz npub1dmqa9kg8nke7fc88p760zd8crrqupl4w5lflhgs0jgh4n3slmdjsql67zc npub13q2vzsfemle9cpxj875tz0vcwqe6r8sy05fd62jcd3xuxjeqj6ksze4xl8 npub16merj2xt59t43djfx8vf4fzhc6nd4v9hlsv8ej8xfl3327yr3vzqu8zjt4 npub15dqlghlewk84wz3pkqqvzl2w2w36f97g89ljds8x6c094nlu02vqjllm5m npub1kqnfgpzt3jxh69ma394r0azyurd6h3dehpw7lzvl0vv3n7kv4a0s3305z2 npub1g6jjgu06nctv74e96u84jux6vxm3ezncjh7tyquvm66jug02xvzqmqu08l npub1efk5xdyrs6e4lqfm7crut2ssdnhu54d9egswq6smt62v0llj37vsprp0r9 npub1j2gc7kt42rwf5q37dmm2k29rqxscdqt2vyfn0xgju32v329jfpdqmkq0xk npub15lymwv6mdpdc3j8zxf3qzq33j2lyntst9v83ukqpa0tzkdtae28sgef05j npub189ts86gs5xw5w2mcz0na5vkz4cseam7jnkjwwqswrj56v9x776lshjqa8m npub1cgf0yeja9tlkfq248l09hkf4kfjfyaup50laen46ucv8gf0puy0qlpxlh5 npub15r0z9mrt0nxzq5fzxysqusm32r9krljq8gh55xnavdyllk6gdxjsj36uc5 npub1qa0lj0jktem67zaazrvpgrf23qdcj3cw9u6j5ct55mg447tqnftshv420v npub1yxfjljjd3apsrvzlkww525jfvdsvuwcs3n23wpmy2txtsppzvmtsgxur33 npub1gv8juwhat4xkl734q684n6vvv8sn5k2dvm8a0wnckyw50zajdvhse8rd3j npub14tj8zkwatnjq4rlnruj53676thre3uss9tg8e23a6w4ewuzus60qe4qg6r npub1ylf8w68g5dkfqwjpdvsy42d2cwqnajswrhz323chsc7gnz400chqfmzdm5 npub1rhgqj4urjf5uw9y3npnvvst2hhmcdqghd26fzwgc4s5ptkq24d4s2525ja npub1lzmdnlsaysc5m040q5q8nlgmquldtxzgllegsg6z2n0engaxwp8szsswed npub1vr3860267yxktugg5q034j9xh3xjaxnlawvas6wqa5kw6zxhgcdq6u2yzr npub1q6ygq585gcs2m6egv67yv3a036jhry8zu93wk2uk68e3smdafl5q4sl54r npub1vy0g338hw6w6rn2fsv5s92nx47u6gle8v50ypxwj6k2hsj9p344s95e8r5 npub14k0ws2m8f5jfrae4a7smtmwgx0quhhl58z4rpd8hs9ar8mlx78ys0seswh npub1qahmtyz5pr385kqmvxqf0a4004cx6ncvnj2829rvjf0rs5ujanhs2ssgvv npub18wamvs6p7dslshavd24kv2gy72e5jck9lgm3f3e3f8udja3ramcqvrzg6q npub1njtezc8lznuj5ws6yvz6x324lzn2ct907s8vlwnxqph30m0gqd0qvpvr07 npub1vgppgksgzs7je6xueqqvkpn4gqmcn3nl96famz34zfhqzq286mdqqmecmx npub1w6nj3y6wsv9kfjev4jjdghsg9ajcjq2gtec4qfpmgcmkzljl4yps8r0gwq npub10l6udyczpjzg4wcer9mje4zkcf2hhus8cswhycwaxfanepc7fz6s0q7u4a npub1cwevvvcurkfg5wjtnftret2j7ldv4lg3x35sty0pm546p6jx0g8q9fa055 npub1v5t0xmnrcap5rah8cm8mrqkp0rmuv4mslrlm3ldwkr39fzy56mas7wvr3f npub1w2vm583yvalnc02ngh6rxhn4ekp8m0xysmrzr6s7ufdwmu9r9qxsqdg0ng npub14va2v0yaprmt0nn0qk7ga6jujfk6pdrfwv0kxj76a5ymp8dfdy2s5ehfdd npub1ztdt0nvu8324tg40g4ts8d6englps8w6574zyq2gkdvcrx364y0qd9x9za npub15qskvuagmaznzc3pea7vxh0890ycfzxxdx537gef5wl6cunan3tsdkld4r npub10vmwytmy0pypy2c0f5zen8auvl7ku5dnk53vaw3ddplw2fl9r9wq4hmr5r npub1crqgm8qg9kplm9rlwfj7uxdzdtanq6rfu9unkt4ckd8r7fn7q36s0az8tt npub1x7fj44hzhjdcw2jwpylllpdgeh9yqqt7fg35ucfaywnw68tctv7qntw8qu npub1rj46xc5tssyk67ma9sslqqt90d597uuqx6v7tprv8alt9enk6v0qyvgn65 npub1y9a3x4e4zf6fu2w0cyyx9r2pmm6qtzrv4sallyznflamhplz3jyq0gq7gp npub1ukm78z9nzr0vnq7nqn8tvx95htttj2f48n99n9nqlky547rwzyrqk08am8 npub1p93m0semtesnsm2fjjd0p5kwl8gpwdqsnfq920zqyhfcc3j4nddsygyk5p npub1rgtl4ay7dcnud25enknv9230r3u5dmu3h3c7mj38jamrz4g3vf8qj5cszy npub19ajcupesc6zcpt0tlg6jv2l4w6wnpx985x735445fvla4w9zqqkss69s06 npub1kpyx8lxklwtd6n496rqgu8kq2k3yh2svlzr5sz3jlxlnphc6tcwq8kllrw npub1sg3qz6633ajzfg7w9ptmk0hf8ckl9jvv4zh6ttxt39jne36wnpnqyzk3vn npub1h5e0y6r2tagu4cygnfggzcfrt4afarvcvvcgqmpzyv605g4n89nqhlf2e2 npub1n6rffa4wqh3hcuurlf298dx8j59wxkmjth87adc7ektxnmpgxwgszk7scj npub17ml9y86nfg65h68pumfkclr3ay24pcfduu06j2jfp4pz2yjcpcjqv04fu3 npub1rkz86wjvey3vgdy2pau5ulpzdmxyzq4g8xp9cd3tu6kqmzpqcppseazx4s npub1c664gerrwlc3rlm6nnm73uc2kjyd0f7zaellshxyfdrludtmcf4q3adztu npub1zp0ys9ysfyrjvuxpwhvyevgphkmluynreun7fg2jeuu9xtsjwa4shlqhhn npub1fp0w2jd6e9l6pd3akr630d8gkcn39t2vep7u3ac5265fezu2fnvqjxpa2s npub1jz8k5nl4978lnhghlzeenp3nmfyvykqw5pjp620jj5qft8vqh44qp6pjk8 npub18vay956v7zs5qtgc65mvn54v96cuvqv6j9fmu4cgfjqkt5vjuvjsc47nzf npub1kgpnq8ycudaq8d7fym033hgdarz3ktvcws8nxt7p9rnfv98j7cdqftrga8 npub10wdzfpdpgyzxj8a4xtf5dux5z8065pan7xrcjh6gd6plj39qzycssepffr npub1ew3rlwvtmxw903gnqx92zar5dcyd47pjjure7ut2wngyz003ff8q0x0frx npub18urkgk8wrf0esedp8gy57670q5qxry22yce7rwrnvvrur736p3pspy6upf npub1pp8mxtdgamg65wfvrtp56v5lnyvv2kmx45cxd5m9dgcdjqqy5ysq5qasy3 npub1y5vlh9z98stts0rc5mlufellseuwjtyaa5jhewjqugnzdwt7yvgs0ydryw npub1gcxzte5zlkncx26j68ez60fzkvtkm9e0vrwdcvsjakxf9mu9qewqlfnj5z npub1x0r5gflnk2mn6h3c70nvnywpy2j46gzqwg6k7uw6fxswyz0md9qqnhshtn npub1lc6c4ukssmuf678py7k6thmlk8c4a52l9zx4thec48ve2qmcdqys22jt95 npub1h28yvj0mj692wpwruqdhyjngcfh4la7gaygrent6a3wwqjxcah7qnt92e7 npub16g85fanyh8sq48yjfq0smqm297yw76yxlcdvjq7hkuvm7xjjhn5saads2f npub1xc2plng44tlj2smv65e53sf3uaqf56c5gajktyu8zxn2p70jrxcq230nt9 npub15l8sfm30uwns8qrcajs99narc4ex65ujt5sky4zx3dpjhnnk2szsqu40n5 npub126u9v4tqg79hxx569wyq207q68j4vn4yme8he007kqfg36va8r8s4qvqs4 npub1stv2q4hwrk6ggvw3hxju8hjakly4ev9wt5tn8gnl9cpaqt8799yqj58ygn npub18yffjalmcfn4x0x0jpj3xm8g6vdx8rp2jd4dhnpr7e3xpemxlmas9w0q8u npub1wmmlxqv8l6aks90jvnetvwkk2hqd7pmqzk8hq6v0tkjrpqdvm8tq0exs5c npub1z8v0x60ukxsk00zz5s2uqgvlg6p8dhunnz3fn6wtnw48xg7p3wvsgmnduu npub1vukz6scwfq55vqjpv3z52theg0lwkrz6kncwc3rfkczl3ukafsfqfnw368 npub1kujyqe2m5w9895kfx7agwjag0xperd0efnxzfellux0xuj5es28q09lucn npub1j3tn5wdn82tmlgvcmhtm0fwzqpwx86pdgr3538rh7asdvkas2ktsqlnxpf npub1g7tavhda0yc8857nj22feuytgxskg4dlpfyql6r2d99egajrss7ssq730z npub1fsyfqrleejgdmck8rxd64wkhdefjthu6lgm8eg99r9xxsl9hespsnmfhvv npub1mevkncsv484u9nue4apgl6ue2644x4m57y9cmztnvwpvs0tnduysg3vdsw npub1a2mj00469ng4xy87nucds99e7m5djh4pe3rpluvhcnaat48gpeysj0gy8v npub1ggfzdxa8xrrzhaut6venkrmjtw8wl25y6l0wramkc7d4dlyaflzsxxrfcq npub1f945c6sqw2d2aqktvjrjtu9uca9wdd6ua5e0a560jak90rr5ha0q3tj4cx npub1x3j34yuj6d9ln5ryuw0ncy97aa6ttc5wwyxqwvjrz7mg039t6l5qd4ewrm npub1d0jucp5jqt799kjuqxzs4cj377tew43dpcr60fzyvcltc5jemtcqryyvcy npub1m6keqpkqfp0uzxdzm2q0rdw6pzxuln98rzla0zzywwdzgcyw2rpq56p4d8 npub1p8ymvhgtsyhyqk4y35xlup20trde4pa69pxf45hdxc74zdkyhfvq3narwh npub17n7fe8p607xgzj2hzft5dsqvsus7mm3y0ceq0ta9a30s9akatq5sqh9y58 npub1he7j4yt7ad6kd07ynqk9qmhfqflw642qkjagqvn2eektqrl90fcs6dlraq npub1mryqu5cffjqpyykvmfjx3js8j0m0850v56dx24lhyqgf2uhl5npsk9xj7y npub17natddjkmse4z8frh7ysynwtzanzmvs9d76c5r53546wsnzs25gqfdeqey npub1ywcw97xsl93l0mqmdpshqx4yu507xqa8zy8p3l8vrkgkek90wm7qjhp74e npub1d9f66fpawpeyrdh9jkyccfdgut6u9ghufwly5gyttfy790mp88sqgx5v98 npub1cx5js2ma5gf7fqn7yv8sjtezvg3agfth7yyxhwywtqypkat493ksjm7yr8 npub1ykrmhyqc0mjhdf5mzuz37g3jkt5ma7v0uesmuyvhueaqs5ysfres02hqjd npub13k3ynlhc2ret9nvzamj4cgrnq9fx3uzyx8ral84tjtk5pmxqpcysdzrzgt npub1jdaa64eyuql4hd0244mp7z7n82egpmt2d79ny9avjufkpm5gz46shcdfng npub1ne99yarta29qxnsp0ssp6cpnnqmtwl8cvklenfcsg2fantuvf0zqmpxjxk npub1klwact0ar00r9uer7tzh2zq0ytx3f552tt8qavszdhvu6vpv3uzqwpkjqz npub124rja8qp7dartasr9wdh3kk78phxunzhmq8ar5ryd2anj2qwtcnsz3tuhs npub1c7kdmhhae7x40q8zq9eudgqm9wgz0q3av4nrgaqe2qqphqmqvczqhee447

@ 04c3c1a5:a94cf83d

Testing Testing Testing

This is just a test this is just a test this is just a test This is just a test this is just a test this is just a test This is just a test this is just a test this is just a test This is just a test this is just a test this is just a test This is just a test this is just a test this is just a test This is just a test this is just a test this is just a test This is just a test this is just a test this is just a test

Would love a test

nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqg7waehxw309anx2etywvhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7ur0wp6kcctjqqspywh6ulgc0w3k6mwum97m7jkvtxh0lcjr77p9jtlc7f0d27wlxpslwvhau

| | | | | --------- | - | - | | Quick | | | | 1. Little | | |

@ 5df413d4:2add4f5b

https://i.nostr.build/Ur1Je684aSgYCRn3.jpg

You Are Not A Gadget by Jaron Lanier

Reading Jaron Lanier’s 2010 You Are Not A Gadget in 2023 is an interesting experience—equal parts withering, prophetic, and heretical clarion call warning from a high priest of the Technocracy and rambling, musing, cognitive jam session from a technofied musician-philosopher.

Yet, in ways that I think the author would be simultaneously pleased, amused, saddened, and disturbed by, the 13 yeas since the book’s publishing have, in places, proven him right with stunning foresight and precision, and in others, made his ideas appear laughable, bizarre, even naive. The book is written in five parts, yet I would suggest viewing it as two discrete elements—Part One (around the first half of the book) and…everything else.

For context, Lanier, is a computer scientist and early technologist from the area of Jobs, Wozniak, and Gates, and is considered to be a founding father of virtual reality. He is also a consummate contrarian, a player of rare and obscure musical instruments, a deep interdisciplinary thinker…and a white man with dreadlocks named Jaron.

PART ONE

Part One of the book “What is a Person?” reads like a scathing and clear-eye manifesto—where Lanier is batting 1000, merciless in his rightness. Were one to pull a passage that speaks to the soul of this portion of the book, it might be the following: “The net does not design itself. We design it.”

Lanier terms the prevailing technocratic ideology—the particular winning tech-nerd subculture that has now come to capture our society—as “the cybernetic totalist” or “digital Maoists.” Essentially a materialist and stealth collectivist movement in new-age technocratic dress, that through its successes, and now excesses, represents much the same of religion that it’s founders would have claimed to be “evolving past.”

Lanier points out that in this, we are simply trading the pursuit of finding God in spirituality or the afterlife, for a notion of digital immortality—seeking, or, if possible, becoming, God in the cloud. He aptly identifies that this worldview requires that society, and all human interactions really, be savagely bent into adherence to this new religion of aggregation that demands deification of data, gross diminishment of the individual, and belief in some objective (but never defined) "meaning" that exists beyond and apart from the human observer.

With skill and simple wit, he raises strong, rational counterpoint to the digital Maoists’ obsession with quantity, data in aggregate and at-scale, as society's prime directive “A fashionable idea in technical circles is that quantity […] turns into quality at some extreme scale […] I disagree. A trope in the early days or computer science comes to mind: garbage in, garbage out.”

Lanier is able to envision the digital cages that likes of Facebook, Youtube, social-media dating apps would become for the internet native generations. Of whom he writes “The most effective young Facebook users […] are the ones who create successful online fictions about themselves,” and “If you start out by being fake, you’ll eventually have to put in twice the effort to undo the illusion if anything good is to come of it.”

Lanier’s 2010 criticism of Wikipedia-ism is now double or triply apropos in our current hype cycle of “AI magic” and Everything-GPT, “Wikipedia, for instance, works on what I can the Oracle Illusion, in which knowledge of human authorship of a text is suppressed in order to give the text superhuman validity. Traditional holy books work in precisely the same way and present many of the same problems.” This same deep truth now sits at the heart of every “new” creation churned out by the flavor-of-the-week, plagiarism-at-scale, generative AI tool.

More darkly, he is also able to foresee the spectre of a return to collectivism lurking both at the core and on the margins of our new digital age—“The recipe that led to social catastrophe in the past was economic humiliation combined with collectivist ideology. We already have the ideology in its new digital packaging, and it’s entirely possible we could face dangerously traumatic economic shock in the coming decades.”—“No Shit” said everyone who lived through 2020-2022…

This brings us, eerily, to the world of today. Where aggregate insights are upheld as more valuable than discrete insights. Where crowds are are assumed to have more wisdom than individuals. Where truth is twisted into a might-is-right numbers game. A world ruled by the idea that if we can just centralize enough information and sufficiently pulverize authorship, the result will, necessarily, be something super-intelligent, "alive," and perhaps even divine.

In short, the cybernetic totalists and digital Maoists, having killed reason, now sit on its corpse like a thrown, smearing its blood on the walls in the name of art and reading its still-steaming entrails for prophecy.

If I were to infer some ideological takeaway from Part One of the book, it might be that Lanier seems to axiomatically reject any affirmative implication of the Turing Test. Simply put, he believes that bits are not and cannot ever be alive independent of the human-as-oracle. Further, there is no objective meaning beyond the human observer—in fact, that observer fundamentally creates any meaning there is to be had. This is best illustrated by one of the most powerful passages in the book:

“But the Turing Test cuts both ways. You can’t tell if a machine has gotten smarter or if you’ve just lowered your own standard of intelligence to such a degree that the machine seems smart. If you can have a conversation with a simulated person presented by an AI program, can you tell how far you’ve let your sense of personhood degrade in order to make the illusion work for you?”

Ponder this well, Anon.

EVERYTHING ELSE

With all of the great stuff above out of the way, we must turn to…the rest of the book. Parts Two through Five breakdown into something more like a stream of consciousness. And while there are certainly many nuggets to insight and beauty to be found, the book becomes largely dis-coherent and very difficult to read. That said, the remainder of the book does contain three particularly compelling threads that I find to be worth pulling on.

Internet Attribution First, are Lanier’s musing about money and attribution in our authorless “information wants to be free” world. He laments the infinite elevation of advertising and offers harsh critique to the concept of attention as the new currency—as this tends to overwhelmingly reward the aggregator and a piddling few soulless super-influencers at the expense of all other users and creators.

Interestingly, under the guise of “what could have been” he imagines a world where attribution is tracked across the web (though how this achieved is left unanswered) and royalty payments can flow back to the author seamlessly over the internet. I find his vision to be intriguing because in 2010, we lacked the technology to either track attribution across the web or facilitate seamless micropayment royalties based on access / usage.

While we still don't have the ability to achieve the type of fully-tracked, always-on attribution Lanier imagines, we do now have the ability to stream payments across the internet with bitcoin and the lightning network. While Lanier can be excused for not mentioning the then uber-nascent bitcoin in 2010, bitcoin’s development since only goes to underscore the prescience of Lanier’s imagination.

The bigger question that now remains, especially in the face of the advent of “AI,” is whether such a system to manage and therefore enforce attribution globally on the internet would even be a good thing. Where obscured attribution enables mashed-up plagiarism-at-scale, centrally enforced attribution can just as easily enable idea, content, discovery, and innovation suppression-at-scale.

Music in the New Age Second, much of the book, particularly in the second half, is filtered through the lens and language of music. Music is essential to Lanier’s inner life and it is clear that he views music as an emergent mystery force attributable to something unknowable, if not divine, and entirely unique to the human experience.

He bemoans the music of the 2000s as lacking in any distinct chronological era sound—everything is either a rehashed mashup or digitally lofi-ed emulation of sounds from previous begone eras—it is music that is impossible to place. To him, it is as though musical evolution stopped right around the time of the advent of the internet…and then folded back in on itself, creating an endless kaleidoscoping of what came before but rarely, if ever, the creation anything truly new.

In response, Lanier goes so far as to imagine the ridiculous (my take, not his) world of “Songles”—songs on dongles—essentially physical music NFTs. In Songleland, listening to the hottest tracks at a party hinges on the guy or gal with the dankest songles swinging through and plugging them into the Songle player. And songles, being scarce, even become speculative investments. On this, Lanier manages to be both right and wrong in only the most spectacularly absurd of ways.

But what Lanier really laments is the passing of popular music as a shared cultural experience at national or even global scale. During Lanier’s coming of age through the 1960-80s—with only a few consolidated channels for music distribution, it was truly impossible to escape the sounds and influence of the Beatles or Prince or Micheal Jackson—everyone heard it and even the deaf still felt it.

In the end, Lanier could image Songles but he couldn’t envision what Spotify would become—a conduit to shatter music distribution into a myriad of tiny longtails—providing infinitely fragmented and individually fine-tuned music experiences rather than large and cohesive cultural moments. However, even in this miss, Lanier is largely able to project what Spotify-ed music would resolve to—music designed as much or more to please the self-referential selection algorithm than any real, human listeners. A dangerously foretelling insight that goes well beyond music as AI tools are posed to become the "googling" of the next technological cycle—what happens to information, to human thought, when the majority of "generative AI" outputs are just the machine referencing itself?

Digital Neoteny The final thread to pull is that of "digital neoteny," the retention of juvenile behaviors in adult form, in this case, a neoteny of the mind if you will. Lanier sees the internet as specifically primed to propagate three kinds of neoteny in digital-native humans— a blissful and curious Bachelardian neoteny (as in Gaston Bachelard’s Poetics of Reverie); a cruel and mob-like Goldingesque neoteny (as in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies); and a general and deeply pervasive, infantile neoteny.

Neoteny of the Bachelardian variety, which Lanier likens to “the sense of wonder and weirdness that a teen can find in the unfolding world,” is what he feels the internet has provided in a few brief and magical moments generally aligned with the “early days” of successive internet technologies, movements, and companies—through this generally degrades into Goldingesque neoteny as novelty gives way to ossification.

Lanier’s missives on Bachelardian neoteny feel especially pertinent to the present state of Nostr (where I am publishing this writing). Nostr is in a moment where winner-take all dynamics and corporatization have yet to take hold. Child-like revelry abounds with each new discovery or novel Nostr client development so much so that the likes of Jack Dorsey compare it to the excitement of the early internet.

But with time, if and as the Nostr protocol wins, to what extent will technical lock-in take hold here? To what extent will calcification of seemingly trivial or even comical decisions being made by client devs today have dramatic implications on the feasibility of other development in the future? And will we early Nostr users, at some point put down welcoming inclusivesness for insular tribalism—and in what ways might we be doing this already?

Finally, to the third kind of neoteny, Infantile neoteny—which perhaps incapsulates the internet even more so than either of the other two types—Lanier sees the net driving an evermore prolonged deferral of maturity, resulting ultimately in some centrally-managed permanent arresting of society in a stupefied and juvenile mental state:

“Some of the greatest speculative investments in human history continue to converge on Silicon Valley schemes that seemed to have been named by Dr. Seuss. On any given day, one might hear of tens or hundreds of millions of dollars flowing to a start-up company named Ublibudly or MeTickly. These are names I just made up, but they would make great venture capital bait if they existed. At these companies one finds rooms full of MIT PhD engineers not seeking cancer cures or sources of safe drinking water for the underdeveloped world but schemes to send little digital pictures of teddy bears and dragons between adult members of social networks. At the end of the road of the pursuit of technological sophistication appears to lie a playhouse in which humankind regresses to nursery school.”

The popular culture of the early 2020s—with it’s NFT Monke JPEGs, silent and masked TikTok dancing in the drab aisles of crumbling department stores, and rampant peer-pressured social-media virtue-signaling and paternalism—could scarcely be described in any more stark and specific detail. That such could be seen so vividly in 2010 is as masterful as it is dishearteningly dark.

CONCLUSION

You Are Not A Gadget is a special thing, a strange beast—as lucid in its first half as it is jumbled, meandering, and even nonsensical in its second half. And while the discerning reader might judge the book harshly for these structural failings, I doubt the author would care, he might even welcome it. Lanier’s apparent purpose in writing is to share his mind rather than please the reader in any particular regard. The sufficiently curious reader, one who is willing to engage with the book’s content, for whatever the book’s faults may be, finds a king’s randoms of wisdom, insight, and uncanny foresight.

In closing, it seems fitting to recall one of Lanier’s earliest warnings in the book, “Maybe if people pretend they are not conscious or do not have free will […] then perhaps we have the power to make it so. We might be able to collectively achieve antimagic.” 13 years on, this feels more pressing and urgent and true than ever. (Rating: 4/5🐙)

~Moon

Buy the Book: You Are Not A Gadget

@ 99e7936f:d5d2197c

Baustelle HERZ

Können wir nicht einfach glücklich sein? Nein.

Eine traumatisierte Gesellschaft kann nicht EINFACH glücklich sein, weil die Herzen verletzt sind.

„Ja, aber es gibt doch auch noch andere Probleme als Trauma“, kritisieren einige.

„Ich habe schließlich eine Familie und einen anstrengenden Job“, erklären andere.

„Für mich ist das eine abstrakte Diskussion, ein Luxusproblem“, geben manche zu bedenken.

„Eigentlich möchte ich mich mit dem Thema gar nicht beschäftigen“, sagen wenige, denken aber viele.

„Ich beschäftige mich lieber mit positiven Dingen“, ist die diplomatische Variante der Vermeidung dieses Themas.

Niemand redet gerne über Trauma, bis es an die eigene Tür klopft. Und dann ist guter Rat teuer. Dann würde man gerne reden, aber die anderen wollen immer noch nicht.

Niemand redet gerne über Trauma.

„Was heißt denn Anklopfen?“ Mit Anklopfen meine ich die Situationen, die jeder kennt. Gemeint sind ganz normale Lebenskrisen, die es mehrmals in jedem Leben gibt.

„Ist denn eine Lebenskrise gleichzusetzten mit einem Trauma?“ Nein, aber durch eine starke Lebenskrise kann ein altes Trauma wieder hochgespült werden, und das fühlt sich dann original so an, wie das Trauma, das man z.B. als Kind oder später im Leben erlebt hat.

Und das passiert in einer traumatisierten Gesellschaft ständig, nur nennen die Leute es nicht so. Niemand sagt: „Er oder sie hat ein aktiviertes Trauma.“

Hierzu habe ich eine Anekdote. Vor ein paar Monaten zog in das Nachbarhaus bei mir auf der Straße ein junger Mann ein. Das Haus war frisch renoviert worden. Es zogen zeitgleich mehrere junge Leute jeweils in eine Wohnung dieses Hauses ein. Die Stimmung im Haus war gut, weil alles neu und geschmackvoll gestaltet worden war und die Mieter gut zusammen passten. Dann merkten die Mieter und Nachbarn, dass es einem jungen Mann nicht gut ging. Er saß den ganzen Tag in der Wohnung, konnte sich zu nichts aufraffen. Er schaffte es nicht, sich Lebensmittel einzukaufen. Ein Freund kam regelmäßig vorbei und brachte ihm Essen. Eine ältere Nachbarin fragte nach einigen Monaten diesen Freund, was dem jungen Mann denn fehle, ob er eine Krankheit habe oder was denn los sei. Der Freund lachte und sagte nur einen Satz: „Er stirbt.“

Die Nachbarin erzählte mir das und schaute mich fragend an. Ich übersetzte ihr den Satz und meinte: „Er hat vermutlich Liebeskummer.“ Aber was ich wirklich dachte, war, dass er ein aktiviertes Trauma hatte, nur sagte ich das nicht zur Nachbarin. Nach mittlerweile zwei Jahren kommt der Freund immer noch regelmäßig und bringt dem jungen Mann Essen. Er kauft für ihn ein und kümmert sich um ihn.

Manche Menschen leiden sehr lange unter Verlusten, Zurückweisungen, Niederlagen, Verletzungen. Andere kommen nie auf die nächste Stufe, obwohl sie sich unaufhörlich anstrengen. Wieder andere haben alles und sind dennoch unzufrieden und in permanenter Angriffshaltung. All diese Phänomene dauern oft lange, manchmal sogar ein Leben lang. Meines Erachtens sind das aktivierte Traumen bzw. Traumen, die gut verschlossen dennoch im Unterbewusstsein gegen die eigene Person arbeiten.

Trauma hat viele Gesichter.

Es kommt bei den unmöglichsten Gelegenheiten zum Vorschein. Und oft erkennen wir es nicht als das, was es ist. Wir suchen den Grund im Außen, den es ja meist auch gibt. Nur ist der Grund nicht der Grund, sondern nur der Auslöser.

Auch ich bin einmal „gestorben“. Dieser Zustand dauerte über drei Jahre an. Deshalb klingelte es bei mir auch sofort im Ohr als die Nachbarin sagte, der Freund habe gesagt: „Er stirbt.“

Sprache ist wunderbar.

Wer beides schon mal erlebt hat, eine normale Trennung und eine schwere Trennung, einen normalen Arbeitsplatzwechsel oder einen dramatischen Jobverlust, ein geplatztes Geschäft oder einen geplatzten Lebenstraum, das Ende einer Freundschaft oder eine Kränkung, über die man noch nach 35 Jahren so berichtet, als ob es gestern gewesen wäre, der kennt den Unterschied in der Intensität der Gefühle. Manche Menschen erzählen immer wieder eine Geschichte, obwohl man sie schon kennt und auch sein Mitgefühl dazu ausgedrückt hat. Manche Menschen reden gar nicht mehr über eine bestimmte Sache, bis einem irgendwann von Dritten gesagt wird, dass man ihn oder sie besser nicht auf das Thema XYZ ansprechen sollte.

All das sind aktivierte Traumen, die noch weh tun, noch nicht verarbeitet sind. Es sind Dinge, die jedem von uns passieren können. Jeder erlebt im Leben partnerschaftliche Trennungen, geplatzte Geschäfte und Kränkungen am laufenden Meter, aber es „trifft“ einen nicht immer gleich. Und es trifft nicht nur die Sensiblen, sondern es trifft jeden, wenn der Punkt, an dem es trifft, wund ist. Der wunde Punkt macht jeden sensibel. Auch robuste Naturen haben einen wunden Punkt. Und wenn der getroffen wird, dann werden auch die härtesten Menschen butterweich. In einer traumatisierten Gesellschaft wird jeder so oft  „getroffen“, wie es braucht, bis er sich dem Thema widmet. Wir alle haben diese frühen oder späten Traumen erlebt, die früher oder später erneut durch Krisen aktiviert werden. Und dann „sterben“ wir, zumindest gefühlt.

Denn Trauma ist immer existenziell.

Und aktiviertes Trauma ist bitte nicht zu verwechseln mit Depression. Es ist ein aktiviertes Trauma, das sich im Unterschied zur Depression sehr wach, lebendig und vor allem schmerzvoll anfühlt. Es fühlt sich an wie „damals“. Das versteht man, in der Situation steckend, komischerweise sofort, denn wir haben ein Schmerzgedächtnis. Wir können Düfte oder Musik ja auch sofort zuordnen, wenn sie uns an etwas erinnern. Mit Schmerz ist es ähnlich. Aber es fällt so schwer, darüber zu reden, weil es keiner versteht und weil es dafür meines Erachtens in unserer Sprache keine Worte gibt. Man versteht das erst, wenn man es selbst erlebt hat. Und dann reichen zwei Worte.

Die Baustelle HERZ versteht man erst, wenn man selbst ein aktiviertes Trauma erlebt, durchlebt hat, wenn man einmal „gestorben“ ist.

Heute kann ich an Äußerungen, die jemand macht, gut ablesen, ob jemand seine Baustelle HERZ bereits kennen gelernt hat oder nicht. Menschen, die das selbst noch nicht kennen gelernt haben, haben oft aufmunternde Sprüche wie „Das wird schon wieder. Jetzt lass den Kopf mal nicht hängen.“ Das hilft einem dann in etwa so, wie wenn man in einer Depression gesagt bekommt: „Nun lach doch mal.“ Man weiß dann sofort, welchen Erfahrungshintergrund das Gegenüber hat. Das ist keine Wertung, nur eine Feststellung. Unsere Kultur hat hier einfach wichtiges Wissen verloren. Ich persönlich weiß nicht, wie es ist, ein Kind auf die Welt zu bringen oder ein Kind zu verlieren. Ich weiß vieles nicht und habe vermutlich auch schon wenig hilfreiche Kommentare abgegeben, weil ich es nicht besser wusste. Aber ich weiß, wie sich ein aktiviertes Trauma anfühlt. Und das ist ein wertvolles Wissen, was ich gern teilen möchte. Man schaut mit diesem erfahrenen Wissen (kein Bücher-Wissen) viel  differenzierter auf das Leid anderer Menschen. Es gibt so viele Sorten von Trauma und deswegen auch Sorten von aktiviertem Trauma. Manchmal denkt man sich nichts dabei und sagt etwas, und schon hat man beim anderen einen Punkt getroffen, der dadurch nun schmerzt. Wenn man Glück hat, dann dauert der Schmerz nur kurz an. Wenn man Pech hat, ist die Freundschaft zu Ende. Ich habe das selbst schon erlebt. Mal war ich es, die den Rückzug angetreten hat. Mal war es der andere. Hinter diesen Phänomenen steckt nichtverarbeitetes Trauma. Die Bildungslücke bezüglich Trauma in unserer Gesellschaft ist (gewollt) riesig.

Wir sind eine traumatisierte Gesellschaft, die nicht weiß, dass sie eine traumatisierte Gesellschaft ist.

Viele Menschen haben unverarbeitetes Trauma im Gepäck. Wir haben selbst nach Jahren der Therapie und Selbstreflektion immer noch unverarbeitete Anteile eines Traumas im Gepäck, das wir glaubten, bearbeitet zu haben. Mir ist das bewusst geworden, je besser ich mein eigenes Trauma kennen und lieben gelernt habe.

Eigentlich wollte ich heute kurz etwas über den gesunden Umgang mit Gefühlen schreiben. Beim Schreiben habe ich aber gemerkt, dass ich erstmal etwas über das Haus erzählen muss, bevor ich über die Gäste, die Gefühle, rede. Ich bin das Haus, das durch Verstand und Gefühle belebt wird. Und hinter dem Haus gibt es noch ein ganzes Universum, auf das ich heute nicht eingehen möchte.

Gefühle und Fühlen sind zentral wichtig, wenn man Trauma bearbeiten möchte.

Trauma wird solange aktiviert, bis es bearbeitet wurde.

In einer traumatisierten Gesellschaft wird 24/7 Trauma aktiviert. Und das ist gut so. Die Evolution schläft nicht. Die Evolution schenkt uns Schmerz, damit wir ihr Aufmerksamkeit schenken.

Das Leben liebt uns, und wiederkehrender Schmerz ist wie die Schlummerfunktion am Wecker, die möchte, dass wir aufwachen.

In unserer traumatisierten Gesellschaft klingelt momentan nicht nur der Wecker. Alles, was tönen kann, gibt Signal. Mir kommt es in dieser Zeit manchmal vor, wie wenn sich   gleichzeitig  , das Kinder-Sinfonieorchester mit sämtlichen Instrumenten einstimmt, jemand mit dem Handy telefoniert, das Fenster zur Hauptstraße offen steht, der Bus anfährt, der Auspuff röhrt, jemand hupt, das Martinshorn aufheult, die Drehorgel spielt, das Pausenzeichen in der Schule ertönt, es an der Tür klingelt und die Kirchenorgel aus allen Pfeifen flötet und brummt.  

Aktiviertes Trauma macht ordentlich Krach individuell und erst recht gesellschaftlich gesehen. Und je lauter es ist, desto dringender möchte es bearbeitet werden.

Die Baustelle HERZ zu bearbeiten, lohnt sich. Und Fühlen bringt die Verwandlung.

@ 374ee93a:36623347

Chef's notes

Lovely tart rhubarb jam with the extra firey kick of fresh root ginger.

Technically a vegetable rhubarb has low pectin content so be sure to include a high pectin fruit such as lemon/cooking apple/redcurrant/gooseberry. It also quite watery so we use a slightly higher fruit to sugar ratio (1.2:1) and evaporate off some water at the beginning.

Testing for setting point: put a saucer in the freezer to chill whilst cooking the fruit, after 5 mins of a high boil with the sugar put a small blob of jam on the cold saucer and return to the freezer for 2 minutes. If the jam forms a solid wrinkle when pushed with a spoon it is ready, if it is runny continue cooking and retest every 5 mins

The recipe can be halved for a small batch but if you have lots of rhubarb to process it is better to cook double batches in separate pans because it will take much longer to heat through, this affects the colour and flavour - the jam will taste warm and mellow rather than zingy

Sterilise glass jars in a 120c oven and pot the jam hot leaving 1/4 inch head space, it will keep for 5 years unopened if the lids are well sealed and does not require water bath canning

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20 mins
• 🍳 Cook time: 30 mins
• 🍽️ Servings: 6 (jars)

Ingredients

• 1.2kg Rhubarb
• 200g Grated Root Ginger
• 100g Chopped Crystalised Ginger
• 1kg Sugar
• 1 Lemon

Directions

1. Chop the rhubarb into 1/2 inch pieces, peel and finely grate the fresh root ginger, chop crystalised ginger into tiny bits. Juice and quarter a lemon (discard pips) and add all these to a pan with a small amount of water
2. Simmer gently for 20 mins until the lemon and rhubarb are soft then add the sugar, stir until fully dissolved
3. Boil on high to reach setting point, usually at 105 degrees c or when a small blob of jam wrinkles on a cold plate instead of being runny
4. Remove the lemon pieces and pot into sterilised jars

@ 87fedb9f:0da83419

Push it! Push it! Push it!

That chant still echoes in my bones, not just from the gym, but from the inside out. I remember watching a bodybuilder once — the weight trembling above him, his muscles bulging and giving out, the spotters swooping in to catch the bar just in time. “Train to failure,” they said. “That’s how you grow.”

And it makes sense, doesn’t it? If you’re being chased by a wild beast, you run until your body gives out. That’s how we’re wired — to survive first and foremost, not necessarily to thrive.

But what if the house we’re building isn’t under threat from wolves? What if we’ve got stone-moving machines and time to breathe? What if we’re not being chased anymore… but we still act like we are?

See, survival patterns are sneaky. They wear masks. They show up in workouts and work days. They dress up in ambition, caffeine, and “just one more thing before I stop.”

I’ve never been a bodybuilder — my brother was — but I’ve tried that route in my own work life. Lift to failure. Push it. Every other day, I’d be nursing another injury to body and mind.

I wasn’t getting stronger. I was just breaking myself in cycles. Push, break, recover, repeat.

I see the same thing with brains. Push it. Adderall. More coffee. Keep going. Hit the wall. And then—collapse.

That’s not strengthening. That’s surviving pretending to be “powerful.”

What happens to the rest of your system when your brain is sucking up all the energy just to stay on task? You stop digesting. You stop feeling the sun on your skin. You stop enjoying your kids’ laughter. Everything feels like something to push through.

That isn’t thriving.

Thriving feels different. It’s alive, yes — there’s activation. But it’s not strained. When we’re in thriving mode, we’re with our energy, not yanking it out by the roots and forcing it to regrow. The muscles — or the mind — are engaged, fluid, expressive. Alive.

It’s a fine line. You can take the same exact action and fill it with stress.

I’ve done it. I’ve turned a perfectly normal task into a survival sprint. It feels ridiculous in hindsight — like, why did I make this email reply into a mountain climb?

Because my primitive brain still whispers, “If you don’t do this perfectly and fast, you’ll die.” Not literally. But the threat feels real. The imagined judgment, the self-criticism, the fear of not being enough — they’re imaginary lions in the tall grass of modern life.

I’ve used this system on myself. I’ve strained my nervous system like fingernails scraping rock to avoid a fall that was never coming.

That’s what we’re supposed to do, right? We bring survival force into every aspect. Into parenting. Into projects. Into relationships.

And we wonder why we’re tired all the time. Not sleepy tired — soul tired. That kind of tired that feels like you ran for your life… but all you did was sit at your desk.

Here’s what I know now: if you’re not actually in danger, you can stop living like you are.

You don’t have to push everything to the edge. You don’t have to prove your strength through strain. Strength can be alive in you — not torn, not depleted, but awake and sustaining.

And when we live from there, the recovery feels different, too. We’re not collapsing. We’re restoring.

We’re not dropping all the pieces and then forcing ourselves to pick them up… again! Instead, we’re crafting a thriving life from the pieces we find, fashion, and consciously put in place.

There’s a wisdom to building your foundation around thriving — not just surviving. And thriving starts with recognizing: it’s not life or death to get through your inbox. Your self-worth isn’t measured by how busy and depleted you are.

Look around. Are you stacking more and more iron to prove something? Or are you listening to the quiet whisper that says, “Yes, move… but don’t hurt yourself doing it.”

And in a life that tells you to push until you fail, choosing to rest and relish — choosing to feel alive rather than just alive-enough — might just be the truest strength there is.

Useful Concepts for Thriving in This Story

• Primitive Brain\ The primitive brain keeps us on high alert even when we’re safe — it’s time to question whether the lion is real.

• Unrushed\ Being unrushed is a radical shift from survival tempo to the rhythm of true aliveness.

• Savvy\ Savvy invites us to work with our energy wisely, not destructively — to choose thriving over proving.

• Vitality\ Vitality flows when we stop draining ourselves for performance and start living from inner strength.

• Inspired Action\ Inspired action arises from presence and aliveness, not adrenaline and depletion.

@ e39333da:7c66e53a

::youtube{#ELC4r7fbKEQ}

Silver Palace, developed by Silver Studio and published by Elementa, a fantasy adventure action RPG, built with Unreal Engine 5, was announced along with a 10-minute long gameplay video showcasing the game in what appears to be a pre-beta state.

::youtube{#EIUa74hDJiQ}

Find more information about the game from the game's website.

@ 7e538978:a5987ab6

Introduction

Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) is a powerful open protocol built on Nostr that enables a connection between Bitcoin Lightning wallets and applications—offering strong privacy, user control, easy connection, open interoperability, and support for a wide range of use cases without needing port forwarding or other network configuration. It allows a user to use many different Lightning apps with their own Lightning node via NWC.

In this post, we’ll give an overview of NWC as well as how to use a home-hosted LNbits instance as a private funding source for a public LNbits instance—giving you the benefits of privacy, control, and simplicity, to unleash the full power of LNbits.

Why Self-host with NWC?

• Privacy: Keep your Lightning node and LNbits instance at home, within your own network.
• Ownership & Control: Retain full custody of your funds, with no third-parties.
• Security: No port forwarding or VPN required—your node is not accessible from the public internet.
• Simplicity: Easy to set up and maintain.
• Flexible Funding: Fund your clearnet LNbits with any NWC-capable service—including your own LNbits instance, Alby, Minibits, Coinos, and more.
• App Access: Use LNbits at home as a Lightning wallet for one of the many NWC compatible apps.

How It Works

Your home Lightning node (running Raspiblitz, Umbrel, Start9, MyNode or one of the many other node packages) runs LNbits. You enable the NWCProvider extension in LNbits and generate a connection string.

On your clearnet LNbits instance (hosted with the LNbits SaaS or on your own VPS), set this connection string as your funding source.

This lets you:

• Fund and use LNbits from anywhere
• Keep your node private
• Add or change funding sources at any time with minimal config

How To Set It Up

1. Install LNbits at Home

Use a Raspiblitz, MyNode, Umbrel or other node package to run your home LNbits instance. You can also build your own node with Phoenixd and LNbits or any other combination of LNbits and Lightning node software.

• Enable the NWCProvider extension

• Create a new NWC connection

• Copy the NWC connection string

2. Provision a Clearnet LNbits Instance

Use:

• LNbits SaaS
• Your own VPS on a VPS provider like Vultr, Linode, AWC EC2 and install LNbits

---

3. Connect via NWC

On your clearnet LNbits instance:

• Go to Settings → Funding

• Select "Nostr Wallet Connect"

• Paste your copied NWC connection string

• Click Save, then Restart Server

---

Done! 🎉 Your clearnet LNbits instance is now funded by your home Lightning node—no open ports, no VPN, no fuss.

Home Nodes

You can use this setup with any LNbits-compatible home Lightning node, including:

• Raspiblitz
• Start9
• Umbrel
• MyNode
• Your own home server box with LNbits plus any other Lightning funding source for example Phoenixd, Core-Lightning, LND, etc.

Try it Out

Want to try this yourself?

• 🧠 Enjoy control, privacy, and simplicity
• 🌍 Use LNbits on the clearnet with funding from your own node
• 🔌 Connect apps like Alby, Minibits, Coinos, or your own LNbits

🚀 Run LNbits

Start exploring the power of NWC and LNbits today:

• 🌐 Use the LNbits SaaS
• 🧰 Self-host
• 💬 Join the LNbits community on Telegram

NWC Apps

Here are some great apps that make use of NWC.

• Alby Go
• A lightning wallet that uses one or many NWC providers to make and receive lightning payments
• Damus
• Decentralised social app on Nostr
• Amethyst
• Android Nostr social media client client
• Clean interface, popular among mobile users
• Snort
• Web-based Nostr client
• Familiar UI, easy access via browser
• Stacker News
• Bitcoin-centric news/discussion site
• Earn sats via upvotes
• Zeus
• Mobile app for controlling your own Lightning node
• Favoured by self-custody and privacy-focused users

Resources

• 🔗 Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC)
• ☁️ LNbits SaaS
• 🛠️ LNbits GitHub
• 📘 Phoenixd on GitHub
• 💬 Telegram Community

@ 975e4ad5:8d4847ce

Introduction

Bitcoin and torrents are two technologies that have reshaped how people share information and resources in the digital age. Both are built on decentralized principles and challenge traditional systems—torrents in the realm of file sharing, and Bitcoin in the world of finance. However, while torrents have seen a decline in popularity with the rise of streaming platforms like Netflix and HBO, many wonder whether Bitcoin will follow a similar trajectory or continue to grow as a widely adopted technology. This article explores the similarities between the two technologies, the resilience of torrents against attempts to shut them down, the reasons for their declining popularity, and why Bitcoin is likely to avoid a similar fate.

Similarities Between Torrents and Bitcoin

Torrents and Bitcoin share several key characteristics that make them unique and resilient:

1. Decentralization:\ Torrents rely on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, where users share files directly with each other without depending on a central server. Similarly, Bitcoin operates on a blockchain—a decentralized network of nodes that maintain and validate transactions. This lack of a central authority makes both technologies difficult to control or shut down.

2. Censorship Resistance:\ Both systems are designed to withstand attempts at restriction. Torrents continue to function even when specific sites like The Pirate Bay are blocked, as the network relies on thousands of users worldwide. Bitcoin is also resistant to government bans, as transactions are processed by a global network of miners.

3. Anonymity and Pseudonymity:\ Torrents allow users to share files without revealing their identities, especially when using VPNs. Bitcoin, while pseudonymous (transactions are public but not directly tied to real-world identities), offers a similar level of privacy, attracting users seeking financial freedom.

4. Open Source:\ Both technologies are open-source, enabling developers to improve and adapt them. This fosters innovation and makes the systems more resilient to attacks.

Why Torrents Cannot Be Stopped

Torrents have persisted despite numerous attempts to curb them due to their decentralized nature. Governments and organizations have shut down sites like The Pirate Bay and Kickass Torrents, but new platforms quickly emerge. The key reasons for their resilience include:

• P2P Architecture:\ Torrents do not rely on a single server. Every user downloading or sharing a file becomes part of the network, making it impossible to completely dismantle.

• Global Distribution:\ Millions of users worldwide sustain torrent networks. Even if one country imposes strict regulations, others continue to support the system.

• Adaptability:\ The torrent community quickly adapts to challenges, using VPNs, proxy servers, or the dark web to bypass restrictions.

Despite this resilience, the popularity of torrents has significantly declined in recent years, particularly among younger users.

The Decline of Torrents: Why They Lost Popularity

In the early 2000s, torrents were the primary way to access movies, music, and software. They were easy to use, free, and offered a vast array of content. However, the rise of streaming platforms like Netflix, HBO, Disney+, and Spotify has changed how people consume media. The main reasons for the decline of torrents include:

1. Convenience:\ Streaming platforms provide instant access to high-quality content without the need for downloading or specialized software. Torrents, in contrast, require technical knowledge and are often slower.

2. Legality and Safety:\ Using torrents carries risks such as viruses, malware, and legal consequences. Streaming services offer a safe and legal alternative.

3. Marketing and Accessibility:\ Platforms like Netflix invest billions in original content and marketing, attracting younger users who prefer easy access over free but risky downloads.

4. Social Shifts:\ Younger generations, raised with access to subscription services, are often unfamiliar with torrents or view them as outdated. Studies from 2023 indicate that only a small percentage of people under 25 regularly use torrents.

Despite this decline, torrents have not disappeared entirely. They are still used in regions with limited access to streaming services or by users who value free access to niche content.

Why Bitcoin Will Not Share the Fate of Torrents

Despite the similarities, Bitcoin has unique characteristics that make it more likely to achieve mainstream adoption rather than being overshadowed by alternatives. Here are the key reasons:

1. Financial Revolution:\ Bitcoin addresses problems that lack direct alternatives. It enables transactions without intermediaries, which is particularly valuable in countries with unstable currencies or limited banking access. Unlike torrents, which were replaced by more convenient streaming platforms, traditional financial systems still have flaws that Bitcoin addresses.

2. Institutional Adoption:\ Major companies like Tesla, PayPal, and Square accept Bitcoin or invest in it. Financial institutions, including JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs, are developing cryptocurrency-related products. This institutional acceptance boosts Bitcoin’s credibility and legitimacy, something torrents never achieved.

3. Limited Supply:\ Bitcoin’s fixed supply of 21 million coins makes it attractive as a store of value, similar to gold. This characteristic distinguishes it from other technologies and gives it potential for long-term growth.

4. Technological Advancements:\ The Bitcoin network evolves through improvements like the Lightning Network, which makes transactions faster and cheaper. These innovations make it competitive with traditional payment systems, whereas torrents failed to adapt to streaming technologies.

5. Global Financial Integration:\ Unlike torrents, which remained in the niche of file sharing, Bitcoin has the potential to integrate into the global financial system. Countries like El Salvador have already recognized it as legal tender, and others may follow suit.

6. Cultural and Economic Significance:\ Bitcoin is perceived not only as a technology but also as a movement for financial independence and decentralization. This ideology attracts young people and tech enthusiasts, making it more resilient to the social shifts that affected torrents.

Conclusion

Torrents and Bitcoin share common roots as decentralized technologies that challenge the status quo. However, while torrents lost popularity due to the rise of more convenient and legal alternatives, Bitcoin has the potential to avoid this fate. Its ability to address real financial problems, institutional adoption, and technological advancements make it a likely candidate for mainstream use in the future. While torrents remained a niche technology, Bitcoin is emerging as a global force that could transform how the world perceives money.

@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c

A Realidade por Trás dos Números

Padrão de Desagregação Familiar

• Países como Brasil (~55%) e Venezuela (~65%) apresentam não apenas altos índices de mães solo, mas também contextos de violência descontrolada.
• A desagregação da família nuclear tradicional não é causa única, mas é fator agravante quando associada à instabilidade cultural, abandono paterno e permissividade institucional.
• Homens ausentes e baixa exigência de responsabilidade paterna geram ciclos de pobreza, violência e ressentimento intergeracional.

Cultura da Irresponsabilidade

• Em muitos contextos, a paternidade é tratada como um ato opcional. A ausência de consequências legais, sociais e morais para o abandono paterno normaliza o ciclo de mães solteiras.
• Políticas públicas mal calibradas muitas vezes premiam o fracasso familiar com benefícios, sem exigir contrapartidas.

Inversão de Valores

• A valorização de comportamentos hedonistas, imediatistas e instáveis, promovidos culturalmente, mina qualquer tentativa de reconstrução familiar sólida.
• Em muitos casos, a maternidade é enfrentada sem planejamento ou estrutura mínima, gerando famílias instáveis e frágeis, mais propensas à violência e vulnerabilidade social.

---

Recomendações Realistas e Não Assistencialistas

Reforço da Responsabilidade Paterna

• Criar mecanismos legais mais rigorosos e efetivos de responsabilização civil e criminal para pais ausentes.
• Estimular socialmente o resgate do papel paterno, valorizando não apenas a presença física, mas o compromisso emocional e financeiro.

Incentivo à Formação Familiar Estável

• Reformar o currículo escolar para incluir educação sobre vínculos afetivos, responsabilidade conjugal e parentalidade realista.
• Desestimular a glamorização de estruturas familiares instáveis, combatendo a ideia de que qualquer forma familiar é igualmente funcional sob qualquer condição.

Cultura da Autossuficiência e Planejamento

• Substituir políticas puramente assistenciais por programas de incentivo ao planejamento familiar e responsabilidade pessoal, com foco na autonomia financeira e educacional antes da maternidade/paternidade.
• Campanhas públicas de conscientização sobre os impactos reais da desestrutura familiar na violência social e no desenvolvimento infantil.

---

O aumento da violência em países com alta proporção de mães solteiras não é uma coincidência, mas uma consequência de fatores culturais e sociais profundamente negligenciados.

Reverter esse cenário não exige mais Estado, mas sim mais responsabilidade individual, mais cobrança social e menos permissividade institucional. Qualquer solução duradoura passa por restaurar o valor da família como núcleo formador de caráter e estabilidade, não apenas como estatística para justificar políticas públicas.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Ukraine is reportedly about to make history by becoming the first country in Europe to have a national bitcoin reserve, a move aimed at strengthening its economy during the war with Russia.

The plan is still in its early stages and Binance, the world’s largest digital asset exchange, is involved.

According to Incrypted, a Ukrainian digital asset news outlet, Ukrainian MP Yaroslav Zheleznyak, First Deputy Chairman of the Finance, Tax and Customs Policy Committee, confirmed that the draft law is almost ready and will be submitted to the parliament soon.

“We will soon submit a draft law from the industry allowing the creation of crypto reserves,” Zheleznyak told Incrypted.

Earlier discussions mentioned a broader “crypto reserve” but the current plan is focused on bitcoin as a strategic reserve asset. If approved, the law will allow the National Bank of Ukraine to hold bitcoin as part of the country’s official reserves.

Since the war with Russia started, Ukraine has become one of the most bitcoin-friendly countries in the world.

In 2022 and 2023 Ukraine raised over $100 million in digital asset donations for defense and humanitarian purposes. A report from Chainalysis ranked the country among the top 10 countries for bitcoin adoption globally.

A rather vague and unconfirmed report by BitcoinTreasuries.net states that “holdings of public officials” currently stand at 46,351 BTC.

Ukraine bitcoin holdings as reported by BitcoinTreasuries

Supporters of the bitcoin reserve say it will help Ukraine protect its economy from war-related instability, inflation and currency depreciation.

By going digital, the government is looking for modern tools to strengthen its financial system in uncertain times. This is not just about storing bitcoin, it’s about establishing clear laws for digital assets ownership, management and use.

Binance is playing an advisory role in the project. The company has worked with Ukraine on digital asset education and regulations in the past and is now helping to shape the legal framework for the bitcoin reserve.

Kirill Khomyakov, Binance’s regional head for Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Africa, confirmed the company’s support, but warned it won’t be fast or easy.

“The creation of such a reserve will require significant changes in legislation,” Khomyakov said. “Another positive aspect is that this initiative will likely lead to greater clarity in the regulation of crypto assets in Ukraine.”

Despite the support from some officials, there are legal hurdles. Ukrainian laws don’t allow bitcoin to be in the official reserves. So the government needs to pass new laws for it to happen.

Efforts to legalize bitcoin in general have been going on for years. In 2021, a draft law on virtual assets was approved by Finance Committee but was withdrawn after the President’s Office and financial regulators objected.

Up to now, over 80 amendments have been proposed, showing how complicated the process is.

The Ministry of Digital Transformation is leading a larger reform that could introduce rules for digital asset exchanges, tax laws and anti-money laundering standards in the country.

Ukraine isn’t alone in considering bitcoin as a national reserve asset. In March 2025, the U.S. announced its own Strategic Bitcoin Reserve using BTC seized in criminal cases.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The exchange, which collapsed in 2022, will distribute $5 billion to creditors starting May 30.

On May 30, FTX will begin the second phase of repayments, delivering over $5 billion to eligible creditors. According to the official announcement, payments will be processed through two main providers: BitGo and Kraken.

Creditors can expect to receive their funds within a relatively short period — from one to three business days after the distribution begins. This second round focuses on creditors with claims over $50,000, following the first repayment phase launched in February for smaller claims.

John Ray III, current CEO of FTX, has allocated about $11.4 billion for customer repayments. Creditors will receive amounts calculated based on the value of crypto assets at the time of the bankruptcy filing (November 2022).

Variable repayment percentages

The distribution plan foresees differentiated payout rates based on the various categories of claims:

• Dotcom customer claims will receive 72%;
• U.S. customer claims will get 54%;
• General unsecured claims and claims from digital asset loans will each receive 61%;
• Convenience class claims will see a 120% repayment.

“These initial distributions to non-convenience classes mark a significant milestone for FTX,” stated the exchange’s CEO.

Requirements to claim repayments

To receive payments, creditors must complete several mandatory steps:

• Log into the FTX Customer Portal;
• Complete KYC (Know Your Customer) verification;
• Submit the required tax forms;
• Complete onboarding with BitGo or Kraken.

The post FTX: over $5 billion ready for creditors in second repayment phase appeared first on Atlas21.

@ fd78c37f:a0ec0833

Author:塔林·克里斯滕森（Taryn Christiansen）,DoraHacks

摘要：本文探讨了人工智能和自动化的未来。在考虑了关于人工智能和自动化是否有益的各种观点后，文章提出，如果工作（work）作为一项社会制度变得基本过时，就需要一种新的黑客范式，以提供“质性（qualitatively）丰富机会”，让人们能够行使其能动性（agency）。也就是说，由于工作在人类发展中起着根本性作用，需要其他机会来填补这一空缺。本文主张，开源生态系统（open source ecosystems）对于实现这一目标至关重要。文章接着认为，像谷歌和亚马逊这样的潜在AI垄断者，将缩小人们在瞬息万变的经济中找到有意义的工作的空间。

Part 1

自动化的浪潮无疑正在到来。人类劳动将迅速贬值。人工智能已经取得了巨大的进展，并且，随着许多创新降低了成本，越来越多的企业将能够整合这一技术。随着生产模式、资本和供应链越来越多地实现自动化，生产力和效率将加速发展。

问题是，这是否是好事。答案五花八门。从末世论者如埃利泽·尤德科夫斯基（Eliezer Yudkowsky）[1] 和罗曼·扬波尔斯基（Roman Yampolskiy）[2] 等人认为，人工智能有潜力——并最终将——消灭人类物种。人类将远远不如未来的人工智能高效，因此，当通用人工智能（AGI）得以实现时，智能机器很容易得出结论：人类消耗太多，世界没有人类会更好。然后是怀疑论者，如马克斯·泰格马克（Max Tegmark）[3]，他认为应该暂停人工智能的发展，以便更好地将其与人类利益对齐。“只有当我们确信其影响将是积极的、其风险可控时，才应开发强大的人工智能系统[4]。 ”再者，也有技术乐观主义者，如马克·安德森（Mark Andreessen）[5]、萨姆·奥特曼（Sam Altman）[6]和雷·库兹韦尔（Ray Kurzweil）[7]，他们主张人工智能将带来物质上的丰盈乌托邦。发展应该加速，监管者应当退让，未来将带来经济增长、生产力提高和生活水平的惊人提升。

在这里很难做出具体的预测。不同立场的人常常以某种“不可避免性”的口气宣扬他们的观点。安德森是乐观主义最著名的主张者之一，他坚信由快速技术进步所带来的未来将是每一代人梦寐以求的那种未来。将会有具备无限同情心和耐心的人工智能导师，使教育更加普及和易获取；医疗行业将大幅提升，提供更好的预测并减少错误；机器人可以执行危险的工作，从而让人们追求自己的愿望。经济效益也将是巨大的。由于生产成本的降低，价格将更低，人们的钱将有更强的购买力，需求将增加，新的工作岗位将被创造，工资也将提高。他主张这一观点的主要论据是历史先例。每次有新技术革命到来时，社会总会从中获得净效益（net good）。十九世纪石油工业的形成之前，鲸鱼行业雇用了成千上万的工人。石油取代了这些工作，但也消除了依赖屠杀成千上万头鲸鱼来制造日常产品的需求。汽车威胁了许多行业，但当它成为普遍拥有的财产时，突然之间，需要更多的道路、桥梁和加油站来满足需求。虽然将会有自动化，人工智能将以良好的成果充斥世界，赋予经济前所未有的机会，让人们找到工作、积累财富，并利用人工智能所创造的价值。

然而，人工智能不同于以往的技术发展。人工智能是一种智能的进步和普及，而不仅仅是机械化的进步。库兹韦尔写道：“第一次工业革命扩展了我们身体的能力，第二次则扩展了我们思想的能力。”但是，一种新变量意味着结果的不同。人工智能能够学习、适应、生成、发现、反驳、怀疑、确认、设定目标，能够制定手段，也许有一天它会拥有意志并感知情感。它变得越来越具能动性（agentic）和自主性（autonomous），能够承担和完成通过它自身流程所生成的任务。如果它现在还没有具备能动性，那目标是让它达到这一点。仅仅基于先前经验得出的预测可能是一种范畴错误，容易导致误导和错误。当然，过去的技术形式与人工智能之间存在重叠，但它们之间有一个明确的区别，并且这种区别应该指导我们的预测。

另一方面，末世论者的观点并不具备很大的现实意义。那些通常潜藏在末世论者警告背后的“终结者”般的情景是不太可能发生的。尽管正如埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）[8]最近在《乔·罗根播客》（The Joe Rogan Podcast）上所言，如果嵌入了错误的目标，也许像“太空奥德赛（Space Odyssey）”系列作品中的HAL 9000那样的情景[9]是可能的。考虑到DeepSeek公司最近在降低计算成本方面的进展，该公司开发的AI模型已具有与美国最先进的模型竞争的水平，一场新的竞赛已经宣告开始，事情将会加速发展。美国副总统在人工智能行动峰会上的讲话清楚地表明了这一点。当前存在着一场争夺国际技术主导地位的竞争，这将塑造未来，发展速度的减缓等同于举白旗。因此，如果对安德森的主张有任何可行的反对意见，那也必须集中在如何引导技术发展，而非停止它。这应当为关于自动化的讨论提供启示：如何最好地引导自动化以避免不良结果？我们需要一种积极主动的方式。

Section 1.1

安德森对自动化的乐观态度存在一个问题，那就是他过于确定新工作机会会得到足够的分配，供人们享受并加以利用。问题在于，经济正变得越来越依赖知识和信息。知识和信息的比重远远超过了体力劳动，而在市场上能够取得成功的人是那些拥有相关技能的人，这些技能需要通过教育和培训来获得。正如托马斯·皮凯蒂（Thomas Piketty）[10]在其《21世纪资本论》（Capital in the Twenty-First Century）一书中所观察到的，这是一个普遍的经济趋势，“趋同（即减少和限制不平等）的主要动力是知识的传播和对培训与技能的投资。”因此，随着经济日益依赖知识，那些没有相关技能或安全保障的失业工人将处于严重的不利地位。而那些拥有相关知识、技能和信息的人则更有优势，能够投资资本并增加财富。例如，即便经济增长和生产成本降低，那些没有技能的人将看到工资停滞不前。但是，假设由于生产成本降低，消费者的购买力增强，需求可能会上升，如果供应无法迅速满足这一需求，价格可能会随之上涨，从而引发需求拉动型通货膨胀。关键在于，经济和生产力增长可能无法自然应对的变量和情境。正如皮凯蒂所说，“没有自然、自发的过程能够防止不稳定、不平等的力量永久占据主导地位。”因此，必须采取积极的应对策略，来避开那些可能会导致漂浮在经济表面上的大量船只沉没的尖锐岩石。

在杰里米·里夫金（Jeremy Rifkin）[11]的《工作的终结》（The End of Work）一书中，他采用了更加严峻的语气：“（下一个）工业革命正迫使全球经济面临空前的危机，数百万人因技术创新失业，全球购买力急剧下降。”而埃里克·布林约尔松（Erik Brynjolfsson）[12]和安德鲁·麦卡菲（Andre McAfee）[13]在《第二次机器时代》（The Second Machine Age）[14]一书中提供了充分的理由，认为里夫金的观点具有一定的道理。他们认为，经济增长所带来的回报（bounty）——即通过较少的投入产生更多的产出，使商品更加便宜、更加易得，从而改善人们生活——并没有通过财富、收入和资本的分配，使每个人都被惠及而受益。换句话说，“科技进步的浪潮可能并不会使所有船只都得以提升。”例如，在上文提到的技能差距上，“自1970年代中期以来，拥有研究生学位的人的工资上涨了约25%，而高中辍学者的平均工资则下降了30%。”尽管自20世纪中期以来，美国GDP和经济生产力呈现“令人印象深刻的轨迹”，但该国的中位数收入却在下降，表明少数人正在获得好处，而大多数人却错失了机会：自里根时代以来，贫富差距不断扩大。布鲁金斯学会的这篇文章[15]也支持这一观点。

然而，也许这些观点的实际含义被错误的同情心所误导。尽管不平等的确存在，但这并不意味着它应该被视为最主要的关注变量。再次强调，技术创新使商品变得异常便宜，使人们的生活更加轻松、生活水平更高，并且通过提供更多商品、服务、信息和知识的可获取性，来满足人们的需求和愿望，从而让日常生活更便利。尽管财富分配可能存在不平等，但其整体增长使每个人都变得更好。而且，随着财富的进一步增长，这一趋势将持续。曾经只有富人能够负担得起的东西，如今大多数人都可以买得起。比如iPhone，它能提供比所有现存图书馆更多的信息，而历史上，只有最富有的人才能使用后者，而几乎任何人都能购买前者。欧洲最大的图书馆是1481年的梵蒂冈图书馆，馆内估计有三千五百本书籍和文献。ChatGPT估计，如果将网上的信息转化为书籍大小的量，将约合467千万亿本书。看看农业的发展。当经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）在1980年写《选择的自由》（Free to Choose）时，他写道，在《独立宣言》被签署的时代，“每20个工人中就需要有19个（从事农业劳动），以养活这个国家的居民，以及提供生产盈余以供出口，来交换外国商品。如今，只需要每20个工人中的不到1个工人，就能养活2.2亿美国居民，并提供生产盈余使美国成为世界上最大的食品出口国。”

彼得·蒂尔（Peter Theil）[16]常常宣称，问题是技术创新停滞，而不是与福利项目或分配模式相关的道德失败。科学和技术需要突破，以转变行业并提高生活标准。人工智能的智能革命，理应能够实现这一潜力。因此，也许最好是直接放手不管。专注于特定分配模式的公平或正义，就像尼采所说的那样，是一种“坏良心（bad-conscience）”——以被认为的集体利益为代价而追求个人利益时所体验到的罪疚感，但实际上，这种感受只会阻碍进步，而非推动它。真正和最好的目标，可以说是努力创新并创造推动历史发展的价值，这就像亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）[17]的“看不见的手”的隐喻一样，自然地调和了人们的自利。正如米尔顿·弗里德曼所说，“对于促使个人之间合作，进而使得每个个人都可以从合作中受益的状态而言，没有外部力量是必要的，没有对自由的侵犯是必要的。这就是为什么正如亚当·斯密所说的，‘只关心自身利益’的个人会‘被一只隐形之手引导，以推动一种与他的意图无关的目标’。”

Section 1.2

关于经济增长是否足以改善长期的福祉和生活水平的问题，存在着高度争议。这个问题显然在这里无法解决。然而，提到这一点的目的是为了表明两种观点都具有正确性。个人在市场上追求自己的利益，像价格和工资这样的变量通过人们的自愿交换达成平衡，已经带来了巨大的成果。但差距也随之产生。 自动化是一个潜在的威胁。忽视它并声称它是危言耸听是一个错误。在可能的人工智能颠覆之后，某种形式的平衡达成之前，过渡期可能是复杂的，并且可能造成不必要的痛苦，如果事先处理，这些痛苦本可以避免。革命性的新技术可能既有好的一面，也有坏的一面。例如，十五世纪的印刷术使人们摆脱了教会强加的信息控制，催生了科学文献涌现的浪潮，为文明提供了巨大的价值。但它也导致了激烈而血腥的宗教战争，因为它允许人们传播各种信息。因此，为了避免类似的结果，在实施任何能够重新安排和重组社会经济安排的技术时，采取主动的方式非常重要。

从这里出发，通常的推论是，监管措施是应对这些可能性最好的手段。但与其满足于监管，正如马克·安德森在拜登政府执政期间警告的那样，监管会导致人工智能垄断，本文将力图支持自由市场中的自愿交换，同时促进必要的社会合作，帮助人们适应并在一个越来越不依赖于人力资本的经济中发挥作用。

本文的担忧是人们失去行使自身能动性（agency）的机会，从而无法拥有对自己的生活的控制（control）感和影响（influence）感。如果大量的人失去参与工作的机会，将会出现一条鸿沟，阻挡人们在世界中通常实现自己潜力的方式。他们将不再有机会在关键的社会领域做出具有深远影响的生活选择，这些选择需要谨慎和远见。人们将失去测试自我、发现天性的倾向和兴趣、辨认自己重视的事物以及行使选择去追求它的机会。社会中培养毅力、动机和个人意志的主要机会将会丧失。如果工作将主要被自动化替代，那么需要一个新的机会媒介来取而代之。作为社会制度的工作需要进步，并保持人们成长和发展的途径。

20世纪的自由主义哲学家约翰·杜威（John Dewey）写道：“正如感觉需要可感知的对象来刺激它们，我们的观察、回忆和想象能力也不是自发工作的，而是由当前社会活动所设定的需求激发。”像教育和工作这样的社会环境提供了刺激特定能力和功能所需的活动媒介，这些能力和功能需要完成定义活动的任务。人们常常争论说，自动化将使人们摆脱繁琐和机械的工作束缚。他们将有更多时间寻找新的方式来表达自己的需求，并最终实现工作一直阻碍他们实现的目标。人们将有自由去实现自己的潜力。但这一切不会自发发生。需要有能激发实现真正自由、意义和目的的活动的环境。当一个人完全孤单地待在一个没有人阻碍其动作和倾向的房间里时，可以说他是自由的。这样的人可以随心所欲。但由于没有能够激发适当反应的情境，且没有成功与失败的可能性，也缺少需要合作和协调的场景，这些场景有助于培养社会和情感的能力，也没有必要发挥智力和解决问题的能力，这个房间里的人的成长会停止，反而会枯萎，无法实现自由。一个从天空自由下落、不被任何东西阻挡的人，他看似自由，其实并不自由，因为他注定会撞向地面。

正如弗朗茨·卡夫卡（Franz Kafka）所写：“我自由了，因此我迷失。”哲学家让-保罗·萨特（Jean-Paul Sartre）则说：“人类被注定要自由。”

因此，当前的问题是，如何开辟一个人们能够自愿进入其中，并找到表达美好生活所需能力的机会的空间。此类机会，旨在行使人们的能动性，将被称为“质性丰富（qualitatively rich）机会”，而能够实现这些机会的环境则被称为“质性丰富环境”。

一个体现“质性丰富机会”的“质性丰富环境”是“开源生态系统”（open source ecosystems），它应当是人工智能发展的主要模式，它提供了以下框架：市场将为人们提供机会，让他们通过具有挑战性和刺激性的工作来行使自己的能动性，进而实现有意义的项目。人们将不得不学习新技能，克服障碍，但这一过程不仅是为了保持一个人们可以竞争、做出选择、发展能动性的市场，同时也促进人们生活中的目的和意义。如果经济要关上旧有工作形式的门，比如流水线和服务性工作，那么应该为人们提供更多有意义的工作机会。正如经济学家泰勒·科文（Tyler Cowen）在《莱克斯·弗莱德曼博客》（Lex Fridman podcast）中指出的那样，人们需要事情做。他们不想只是待在家里，正如COVID封锁所证明的那样。如果例行劳动和低技术劳动将被自动化，那么唯一的选择是确保存在“质性丰富机会”，以便人们能够利用并行使自己的能力，进行有意义的工作。

因此，应该在经济中引入一种新的范式。从佩卡·希曼宁（Pekka Himanen）[18]的《黑客伦理》（The Hacker Ethic）一书中汲取灵感，人们应当从以工业为基础的工作范式转向一种“黑客范式”。在工业范式中，个体主要执行重复性的劳动任务，其目的仅仅是为了获取收入以维持生存。而黑客范式则以内在价值为核心，强调工作本身的趣味性、刺激性、创造性与游戏性，其特征是激情与游戏，而非“履行对工作的责任”或“为经济做出贡献”的社会义务，正如马克斯·韦伯（Max Weber）[19]在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》（Capitalism and The Protestant Ethic）中所揭示的那样。黑客范式强调人类能动性及其实现价值的潜力，这种价值能提升人类。工业范式则在工人与他们与世界的积极参与之间产生疏离感：工人对他们所贡献的工作漠不关心；人们通常不喜欢甚至讨厌他们的工作。他们在那里是为了赚钱，而不是参与有意义的工作。正如希曼宁所写：“改革工作形式不仅是尊重工人的问题，更是尊重人类作为人类的问题。黑客不认同‘时间就是金钱’的格言，而认同‘这是我的生活’的格言。”正如埃里克·史蒂文·雷蒙德（Eric Steven Raymond）在《如何成为黑客》（How To Become A Hacker）[20]中所说，黑客认为世界充满了奇妙的问题，并在致力于解决这些问题中找到了自由。他们寻找需要动机和热情的项目，并相信当其他人也有机会获得同样的自由时，世界将变得无限美好，这需要社会合作以及对信息的最大程度的开放获取——这也正是“开源”的重要意义所在。

为了凸显为何引入新范式对于应对人工智能的挑战至关重要，具有显著的历史意义，我们可以回到亚当·斯密的思想。随后，将进一步阐明“质性丰富环境”与“质性丰富机会”的概念，并将其应用于当下以专有技术（proprietary technology）为核心的人工智能垄断体系。届时可以看到，这些垄断将扼杀黑客范式的生成，因此是不可取的。

透过亚当·斯密的视角我们可以看到，尽管工业化在长期内极大地提升了人们的生活水平，但它也对从事重复性、机械性劳动的人产生了消极影响，因为这类劳动削弱了对人类认知能力的刺激，阻碍了其全面发展。劳动分工极大地加速了专业化的进程，却减少了个体接触那些能调动其高级心智能力的机会——而这些能力正是实现有意义、有目标、富有成就感的工作的基础。人工智能与自动化正成为一种转型催化剂，逐步替代工业时代的工作模式与生产逻辑，将人力资本曾承担的任务转交予智能机器完成。若人工智能真的是一种进步——即人类进步——那么它就应回应亚当·斯密关于劳动分工及其对人类生活影响的担忧。

Part 2

Section 2.1

亚当·斯密在1776年写下了《国富论》（The Wealth of Nations）。受到艾萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton）的影响，斯密希望理解社会背后的设计，以及社会的运作机制，类似于牛顿发现并使用采用机械论术语来公式化了解释宇宙的物理法则。那个时代的模型是将现象看作是像精密调校的手表一样有组织和有秩序的，所有部件和机械都在完美的和谐中协同工作，产生各种各样的效应和涌现现象。

在斯密生活的时代，第一次工业革命正在英格兰进行。城市扩张，曾经仅限于富人阶层的商品和服务变得更加廉价且易于获取，生活水平提高，基础设施得到了发展，表面上看，人们过上了前所未有的更好生活。斯密观察到社会的进步。由于大发现时代以及使欧洲人能够踏上新大陆的技术，欧洲人与那些似乎尚未经历欧洲所经历的历史进程、被欧洲人认为是“未开化”的民族接触，因此，欧洲大陆的风尚（ethos）是历史和文明正在进入一个新的、更为先进的阶段。科学探索和知识带来的创新提升了生产力和效率，从而使社会系统的组织更加复杂。斯密希望了解推动这一进程的因果机制。

斯密观察并认为劳动分工在社会经济中扮演了主要的，甚至是基础性的角色。随着社会组织的扩展，制造与生产过程逐渐细分为更为专业的任务，结果这些过程的产出大幅增加。在传统的行会框架中，工匠将一生投入到完整的手工业中，学习所需的所有方面并精通每一部分。这种行会框架逐渐被分工化的工厂模式所取代，后者在日益发展的城市中通过劳动分工的方式系统化生产。一个庞大的个体系统因此浮现，它需要极高的协调性，而劳动分工则将这一系统组织成一个复杂的机制，旨在调和人们的利益。

斯密还认为，劳动分工反映了人类本性中的某些更深层次的特征。人们涌向城市，赚取劳动报酬并享受更好的生活条件，因为斯密认为，人类天生具有进行交换（truck）、易货交易（barter）和贸易（exchange）[21]的倾向。他写道：“交换、易货和将一种物品与另一种物品贸易的倾向是所有人类共有的，在其他任何动物种群中都无法找到。”像狼这样的动物自然地在等级化的群体中组织自己，刚孵化的小鸟倾向于飞行，而像树木这样的有机体则在密林中争夺阳光。与此不同，人类进行交换、易货和贸易，是因为他们有天生的倾向来改善自身状况。劳动分工推动了这一目标的实现。

然而，斯密认为，劳动分工是一种权衡——它也有代价。尽管人们的生活水平提高，他们享受更好的条件，能够满足诸如食物、水和住所等消费需求，但劳动分工却将工人简化为机器中的齿轮。这些任务几乎不需要认知努力。一旦任务变得常规化，并转化为肌肉记忆后，便没有更多的障碍或问题需要克服。因此，斯密深切担忧这一过程将随着时间推移产生深远的负面认知效应。人们去上班，只要他们熟悉自己的任务，就不需要动脑；他们机械地行动。斯密直言不讳地写道：

一个人一生都在执行少量简单的操作，并且这些操作的效果始终显而易见，他便无需发挥理解力，或利用自己的创造力去寻求解决从未出现的困难的方法。他自然会变得愚笨无知，几乎达到人类可能变得最愚笨和无知的地步。

劳动分工提供的机会在质性上较为贫乏，无法使人们具备过上有意义和有目的生活的能力。借用另一位启蒙时期哲学家伊曼纽尔·康德（Immanuel Kant）的术语，劳动分工未能尊重人类的尊严，而尊严要求针对并培养那些能够使人过上自主选择生活所必需的能力。拥有尊严意味着对个人生活拥有影响力（influence）和掌控力（efficacy）。

劳动分工创造了更多提高生活水平的机会，但它没有提供“质性丰富机会”，使人们能够整合他们的能力并实现全面的人生。大多数人可用的机会并未促使他们将创造性和生产力能力集中于那些能够扩展他们在世界中自由感的目标上。与行会制度相比，劳动分工提供了更多的机会，但这些机会也更浅薄，更缺乏产生掌控感的体验。但由于生活水平较高，人们正确地选择了将自己降级为齿轮的工作。但正如斯密所观察到的，提高生活水平不足以满足人类需求的全面范围。它没有让大多数个体能够发挥他们的更高能力。

斯密认为，必须进行改善。对人们而言，更多“质性丰富机会”是至关重要的，这些机会使他们能够过上更有意义和目的的生活，体现人类尊严，并为行使他们的能动性提供基础。劳动分工提供了物质自由的增益，但并未提供足够的机会以实现更内在的、主体驱动的自由。

这无疑是卡尔·马克思对资本主义的重大批评之一。在资本主义体制下，人们与他们的劳动发生异化（alienation）。劳动的异化意味着人们与自己的活动脱离；即人在其自身和它的创造与生产能力之间产生了距离。在心理学家埃里克·弗洛姆（Eric Fromm）关于马克思的著作[22]中，他写道：

对马克思而言，异化的过程表现在工作和劳动分工中。工作是人类与自然之间的积极联系，是创造新世界的过程，包括创造人类自身……但随着私有制和劳动分工的发展，劳动失去了作为人类力量表达的特性；劳动及其产品变成了与人类、与他的意志和计划分离的存在。

人类通过他们所参与的活动以及在其中投入的内在力量和驱动力来理解和塑造自己的身份。通过创造和塑造世界及其环境，并将能量集中于外部项目和目标，一个人在世界中实现自我感。活动（Activity），而非被动的消费或任务，定义了马克思所说的人类本质。正如弗洛姆在其著作《拥有与存在》（To Have or To Be）中所指出的，通过“存在（being）”，而非“拥有（having）”，一个人才能体验到生活的意义和目的。通过“在爱中存在”，“以充满激情的方式存在”，“以积极行动的方式存在”，“以有希望的方式存在”，“有目的地存在”，以及“以有生产力地方式存在”，一个人才能过上充实的生活，而不必依赖“拥有”（爱、激情、积极性，等等）这些东西。劳动分工强调“拥有”，而其所涉及的许多工作和活动并未促使人们发展出“存在感”。正如德国诗人歌德（Johann Wolfgang von Goethe）所言，人类通过“将自己从可能性的黑夜转化为现实的白昼”来努力存在。人类通过外化他们内心的价值观和设想来追求成为自我，而这一过程通过活动得以实现。弗洛姆写道：“人类只有在生产性行为中才是活着的，只有在他通过表达自己特定的人类能力来把握外部世界，并且以这些能力来把握世界时……在这个生产性过程中，人类实现了自己的本质。”劳动分工减少了人类的能动性感，即人类以他们所珍视的、选择并在其上实践自身意志的有意义的方式，来主动影响和引导自己生活的能力。

通过创建“质性丰富环境”，黑客范式及其对开源的推动提供了多个“质性丰富机会”，从而推动了我们社会和政治结构的进步。它具有实现人类天性中更为积极的一面——人的能动感——的潜力，而不仅仅是其消极和消费的部分。这里的主要假设是，如果人工智能要发展并融入经济基础，它应当使人们的生活得到改善。更具体地说，如果自动化发生，其结果应当是改善人们的生活，而非对他们造成伤害。实现这一目标的一种途径是确保足够分配“质性丰富机会”，让每个人都能从中受益，而开源正是实现这一目标的途径。人工智能发展可能导致人们境况恶化以及抑制他们潜在机会的一个重要原因是存在使用专有模型来控制人工智能并主导其市场使用的垄断现象。黑客范式和开源则为避免这种结果提供了可能的解决方案。

Section 2.2

在理解垄断如何减少“质性丰富机会”之前，我们需要进一步弄清楚什么是“质性丰富机会”，以及它们激发并帮助发展哪些能力。在解释这类机会的性质及其意义之后，我们将探讨垄断是如何大幅削弱这些机会的可及性，以及这意味着什么。

“质性丰富机会”的理念源自亚里士多德（Aristotle）[23]，更具体地说，是由哲学家玛莎·努斯鲍姆（Martha Nussbaum）和经济学家阿玛蒂亚·森（Amartya Sen）进一步发展的。亚里士多德认为，人类要实现繁荣、过上充实而有尊严的生活，必须达成某些特定的功能（functions）或方式。他认为存在一种“人性（human nature）”，而这种人性包含基本的和更高层次的需求。无论历史和偶然条件如何变化，人类都具有一些根本特征。当然，这些特征是在历史情境中体现的，但在所有文化和文明中都可以观察到某些本质上的一致性。亚里士多德说：“善是万物所追求的目标。”所谓“善”，即是一种事物的适当功能。例如，眼睛的善是“看见”，种子的善是“长成一棵树”。实现某物的适当功能，就是实现其“繁荣”（flourish），也就是达到它所追求和努力趋向的状态。达到这样的状态，就是获得一种内在价值。

作为一个人去实现其功能，需要基本的生活必需品，如食物、水、住所和行动能力。但这些物品本身并不具有内在价值；它们之所以有价值，是因为它们使人能够运作以追求更进一步、更有内在价值的事物。如果一个人仅仅拥有这些基本的生存条件，我们可以说他“运作”着，但未必是“良好地运作”。要使一个人“良好地运作”，必须拥有其他内在价值更高的资源。人类需要教育与信息获取，以发展其认知能力；需要家庭和亲密关系，以发展社交技巧、个人身份认同和情感处理能力；还需要能够施展意志、探索兴趣、投入热情的追求，并培养目标感的渠道。一个良好的政治与社会安排，即我们应当追求的那种社会制度，应当为人们提供具体的机会，让他们得以实践这些需求，从而实现良好的人类运作状态。“质性丰富机会”即是指那些能够为人类发展内在有价值的能力（如做出知情决策的能力、制定值得追求的目标及其实现路径的能力，以及建立有意义、有影响力的人际关系的能力）提供基础的机会。像工作、教育、社区和艺术等社会制度，正是那些激发并促进实现这些目标所需能力的质性丰富环境。

质性丰富机会之所以重要，是因为它们使人们具备发展“能动性”的能力。借用斯坦福大学心理学家阿尔伯特·班杜拉（Albert Bandura）[24]的概念，我们可以将“人类的能动性”理解为个体感受到自己对生活有控制和影响力的能力。更具体地说，质性丰富机会能够激发那些针对“自我效能”（self-efficacy）能力的行为。所谓“自我效能”，是指一个人在面对挑战和障碍时所拥有的自我信心感。当面对一个困难且新颖的任务时，高自我效能的人会评估自己有能力克服困难完成任务；他们会拥有坚持不懈、克服失败的动机；即使身处陌生与复杂情境中，他们也能维持良好的心理状态。质性丰富机会旨在发展那些能够提升自我效能以及应对具体情境所需的能力。通过这些机会，一个人得以锻炼其能动性、获取掌控力，从而扩展其自由感。而正如班杜拉（1994）[25]所说：“一个人自我效能感越强，他为自己设定的目标挑战越高，并且对这些目标的承诺也越坚定。”因此，通过增强自我效能，无论是在信念层面还是实践层面，个人将获得更高程度的自由，并过上更具质感、更丰富的人生。

工作在塑造个体身份和自我认同方面具有至关重要的作用。它为人们提供了探索不同职业路径的机会，使他们能够发现自己在人生中希望追求的目标。工作往往也是建立职业与个人关系、融入不同社会网络的重要方式，同时也是人们获取能力、攀登社会阶梯的媒介。工作这一领域还能帮助人们在多种环境和情境中培养动机、智力以及态度。换句话说，工作为人们提供了发展某些功能或生活方式的机会，而这些功能和生活方式正是实现美好生活所必不可少的。

例如，想象一个年轻人第一次进入劳动力市场。他尝试了几份工作。他发现自己不太喜欢零售业，因为需要持续与顾客打交道。他又尝试了送货服务，结果发现自己不喜欢那种日复一日的重复性工作。最后，他在一个建筑工地找到了工作，并发现有些任务既有趣又具有挑战性。他喜欢动手工作的感觉，于是决定投身技工行业。这个人随后进入技校学习，建立起重要的人际关系，在新环境中受到挑战，被激发去提升技能、积累知识与经验，并在这个过程中不断面对和克服新的困难与障碍。毕业后，他抓住了一个机会——一位欣赏他职业精神的导师为他提供了许多关注和支持。之后，他在某家公司工作了一段时间，并在这个过程中积累了足够的知识和自信，决定创办自己的公司，以实现这个目标。他开始建立客户关系，专注于能让自己在竞争中脱颖而出的技能，并最终打造出一家成功的企业。

这听起来也许有些理想化，但却是一个既熟悉又现实的例子。它描绘了一种有目的的生活，这些目的是通过在环境和情境中发现的机会而形成的，这些环境和情境提供了能够产生能动感和自我价值感的体验。当然，要实现这样的人生画面，通常还需要一系列其他条件，例如成长于一个有支持的环境中，拥有探索个人兴趣所需的资源和时间等——但在美国，工作无疑是提供发展构成美好生活的关键功能的核心渠道。上文中的这个人通过学习新技能、克服挑战、做出关键选择来应对社会环境，最终实现了成功与成就。随着在专业领域的成长，他不断设立新的目标，并获得足够的自我效能感，相信自己能够实现这些目标。他发展出一整套完整的能力体系，最终也获得了尊严感。无论这个人过去或未来是否还拥有其他美好的人生经历，如果没有那些能够让他工作与成长的机会，他的人生质量将会大打折扣。

这里有一个真实的例子，不过这个人将保持匿名。在荷兰大学毕业后，他不想找一份“普通的工作”，于是开始前往其他国家旅行。他靠在 YouTube 上制作音乐赚了一些钱，住在各地的酒店和青年旅舍。但随着资金逐渐减少，孤独与疏离感开始加剧，他变得抑郁。他完全自由——可以去任何地方、看任何东西，做任何他想做的事——但他感到极度孤独。在亚洲的一家青年旅舍，他一个人躺在床上盯着天花板，没有钱、没有女朋友、也没有工作，他想起了父亲曾对他说的话：“他小时候教过我：每当我感到沮丧或者不知道做什么时，就去找一座沙堆，拿把铲子，把沙子从院子的一边搬到另一边……干点体力活，做点辛苦的事——做点什么。我做创业项目时也一样。”于是，他开始学习编程，开发软件和应用程序，并利用 Stripe 平台[26]将作品发布给公众以筹集资金。他专注于那些能够带来方向感与创作机会的活动。在真正的“黑客精神”指引下，他把世界看作充满待解决问题的迷人场域，有些问题他认为是可处理且值得去做的，于是尝试去解决。令人惊讶的是，他立下目标：一年内创办十二个初创公司——而他真的做到了。

这个人起初感到疏离与孤独，缺乏人生目标。因此他选择行动起来，把自己投入到使用基础编程语言与工具进行的创造性表达中。通过利用人工智能，他也更能创造出具有价值和实用性的产品，供他人使用与体验。他采纳了父亲的建议，将自己投入到实际行动中，结果是抑郁与焦虑逐渐缓解。他在信息丰富的环境中，发现了许多“质性丰富机会”，得以发展自我，提升自我效能感与能力。他与更多富有挑战性的目标建立联系，不断努力达成这些目标。而开源技术在这一过程中扮演了关键角色。

这也正是 Dora 生态系统的重要意义所在。通过像 DoraHacks.io 这样的平台，像上文所描述的那样的人们可以借由“质性丰富机会”，与全球各地的开发者协作，共同创新，创造出人们认为紧迫且相关的有意义的解决方案。该生态系统为开发者提供了必要的资源，使他们能够加入全球任何地方的 “BUIDL” 团队，解决引人入胜的问题；并在黑客松中与其他建设者一起感受到社区归属感；同时还通过激励机制推动他们实现有意义的目标，而这些目标往往又会引发更具挑战性和刺激性的下一阶段任务。Dora 生态系统创造了一个充满可能性的环境，使人们能够构建去中心化的产品与服务，例如将所有权交还给用户本人，增强他们在数字世界中的自主性、安全性以及对金融资产的控制力。正如下文将进一步讨论的，大型企业和垄断机构通常并不会从这些类型的技术中直接受益。那么，他们又有什么动机去资助这类技术呢？开源技术栈能够提升价值的质量，因为它为人们提供了开发更具意义产品的路径，而这些产品通常比那些由大型、目标狭隘的机构所产出的产品更具意义。

因此，如果自动化有可能减少甚至消除人们运用能动性、获得自我效能感的“质性丰富机会“，那么它所腾出的空间，理应由其他在质性上更丰富的机会来填补。如果确实存在“人性”这样的东西，而这种人性包含了一系列需要被发展、以使人得以过上有尊严生活的能力，那么最优与最值得追求的政治与社会安排，应当是将“质性丰富机会”公平分配，以确保人们有选择去运用自身能力、成为能够良好运作并实现繁荣生活的个体。为人们提供质性丰富机会，使他们能够加以利用，并据此组织、调动并集中自身内在力量于那些能够锻炼与激发个体能力的实践之上，这就构成了一个让人过上更有意义人生的基础。它是给予人们成为他们所珍视之人的自由。

接下来的部分将转向对 AI 垄断企业的讨论，揭示它们是如何压制上述这类未来机会的。

Part 3

Section 3.1

人工智能领域中潜在的垄断者不言自明：谷歌、苹果、微软、Meta 和亚马逊。这些公司以及少数其他企业在 2024 年占据了 65% 的固定网络流量和 68% 的移动网络流量[27]。谷歌大约占据全球约 90% 的搜索市场，其品牌名几乎已成为“搜索”行为本身的代名词；Meta 拥有主要的社交媒体平台，如 Instagram、Facebook 和 WhatsApp，这些都是人们日常交流与信息分享中访问量极高的平台；微软控制着大约 72% 的桌面操作系统市场；在美国，苹果约占据 60% 的智能手机市场份额；而亚马逊则主导了线上零售，其规模“超过美国排名其后的 15 家最大电商零售商的总和”[28]。此外，谷歌、Meta 和亚马逊合计占据了美国约 60% 的广告收入。我们在网上所接触到的产品、精美广告、以及注意力的买卖，主要都是由这几家大型科技公司驱动的。根据 Synergy Research[29]的研究，到本世纪末，微软、谷歌和亚马逊三家公司可能将掌握全球高达三分之二的数据份额。这些公司还控制着大部分云基础设施——亚马逊、微软、谷歌（以及阿里巴巴）合计拥有全球 67% 的云计算市场份额[20]。

这些公司拥有庞大的资源储备，同时也长期以来采用各种手段排挤竞争对手，包括通过并购消灭潜在威胁、利用市场主导地位优先推广自家产品、实行掠夺性定价、利用网络效应，以及其他众所周知的策略。例如，鉴于亚马逊在电子商务领域的市场主导地位，它可以通过优先推荐自家产品，排挤其他可能品质更高的供应商产品。消费者在面对价格更低的亚马逊产品时，往往更倾向于购买，而亚马逊正好拥有充足的资源来维持这种低价策略。在网络效应方面，“目前[31]大多数科技巨头的用户数量都以十亿计”，这为初创企业和小公司制造了几乎无法跨越的障碍。而谷歌也多次被指控故意降低某些内容的排名，并优先展示有利于自身利益的信息。

如今，这些公司正积极争夺对人工智能发展的主导权。“Meta、微软、亚马逊和Alphabet 预计在2025年将累计投入高达 3250 亿美元的资本支出与投资……相比这些公司在2024年报告[32]的约 2230 亿美元，这相当于增长了 46%。”此外，“几乎没有例外，所有初创公司、新进入者，甚至 AI 研究实验室都依赖这些大型科技公司：他们依靠微软、亚马逊和谷歌的计算基础设施来训练系统，也依靠它们庞大的消费市场渠道来部署和销售 AI 产品[33]。”科技巨头垄断了初创公司赖以生存[34]的关键资源——人才、数据和算力。 现有的行业巨头正在开发各种模型，以维持其在各自市场中的立足点。由于它们掌握着大多数资源——例如，“这些公司贡献了标普500指数公司市值的 22% 以上，其单独市值甚至超过了加拿大、意大利等[35]部分 G7 国家 GDP”——它们可以随意挤压竞争对手，阻止初创企业和小型公司进入市场。正如前文所述，随着 DeepSeek 在全球市场中作为竞争者不断取得进展，这些最大规模的 AI 公司正在大肆渲染一场“军备竞赛”，并夸大中国威胁以及人工智能可能带来的危害，从而推动对 AI 的监管和开发限制，而这些限制最终最有可能使它们自身受益。与此同时，由于垄断体制依赖于专有模型，其架构、权重、学习算法、代码以及内嵌目标都对公众隐蔽不明，在 AI 渗透信息网络的过程中，这些公司的经济与市场主导地位也将以一种“隐秘的方式”塑造人们的思维和行为。

那么，监管是否能解决这个问题呢？《麻省理工科技评论》最近指出：“监管或许有帮助[36]，但政府政策最终往往加固了这些公司的权力，而非加以削弱——这些公司能够利用其资本与政治影响力来操控政策。”亚历克斯·蓝姆佩尔（Alex Rampell）[37]最近写道[38]：“拜登政府发布了一项行政命令[39]，试图以人为设定的门槛限制计算能力，禁止开源技术，理由是其对国家安全构成威胁，同时这实际上为几家最大公司垄断监管资源敞开了大门。”例如，尽管萨姆·奥特曼在与贝利·韦斯（Barry Weiss）[40]的《自由新闻播客》（Free Press podcast）中否认了这一说法，投资人马克·安德森却一再警告称，拜登的 AI 行政命令的真正目的在于将 AI 的控制权交到少数几家公司（极可能是 OpenAI）手中，并通过提高市场准入门槛来消除竞争者。此外，尽管此举颇具争议、甚至可能显得天真，自从 DeepSeek 发布其 V1 和 V3 模型以来，Anthropic的 CEO 达里·阿摩地（Dario Amodei）一直呼吁加强出口管制政策[41]，进一步限制中国获取芯片的能力。然而，正如迪伦·潘特（Dylan Patel）[42]和纳森·兰伯特（Nathan Lambert）[43]在 《莱克斯·弗莱德曼博客》中指出的那样，DeepSeek 的开源模型显然并不构成任何实质性的国家安全威胁。但它确实对那些依赖专有系统、通过模型控制潜在价值的生态构成了威胁。DeepSeek 的方法迫使这些“专有资本”朝着可被任何人使用与构建的公共资源方向转化。正因如此，阿摩地对“单极 vs. 双极世界”的坚持背后其实包含着竞争性的动机：要么 AI 权力集中于美国，要么中美都拥有对等的 AI 能力——而后者，在阿摩地看来，是必须避免的局面。

或许，我们应当持有一种不那么鹰派的乐观态度。经济学家泰勒·科文提出了充分理由，认为与其全面投入一场军备竞赛，不如在相互合作[44]与共赢中寻找发展路径。当然，竞争仍然是必要的，但推动未来事件进程的竞争心态，不应仅仅源于达尔文式的“适者生存”逻辑，而应更接近尼采所观察到[45]的古希腊式“竞技”（Agon）[46]传统——那是一种社会制度，其中的艺术家、军事领袖与运动员通过竞争彼此激励、共同成长。

没有对手，竞争者也将迷失方向。因为没有了改进、突破和创新的机会，个体便失去了变得更好、更具创造力的可能。竞争者的存在本身就依赖于愿意对抗他们的人。正是因为有人挑战，希腊诗人才得以想象得更深远、表达得更出色。尼采指出，希腊竞技者面临的最大危险不是失败，而是——失去竞争对手。他写道：“这正是希腊竞技理念的核心：它厌恶独裁，畏惧其危险，它渴望用‘另一个天才’来抵御某一位天才的压倒性力量。”我们不应将竞争理解为自然状态下的求生挣扎，那种资源稀缺、人与人互为威胁的霍布斯（Thomas Hobbes）式处境——“孤独、贫穷、肮脏、残暴而短暂”[47]。我们也不应将竞争本能视为某种原始性冲动的残余，只为了压制对手、消灭威胁。我们应当将其理解为一种可以高贵化的本能，正如尼采所言，它是“所有人类情感、行为与作品的唯一丰沃土壤”。竞争本能自身也具有德性，应当被培养成“在正确的时间、以正确的方式、出于正确的理由”去发挥作用的东西（亚里士多德，《尼各马科伦理学》（Nicomachean Ethics）第二卷），而不是被视作一种必要之恶。阿摩地害怕中国，这可能不是正确的回应——或许，一个更好的、更具德性的回应，是将中国视为值得尊敬的竞争者。

Section 3.2

现在让我们聚焦于这些潜在的 AI 垄断企业为何会通过主导 AI 生态系统，压制质性丰富机会的更广泛传播。原因至少有两个：第一个涉及经济能动性，第二个涉及价值能动性。所谓经济能动性，是指人们进入市场、创造能满足消费者需求与欲望的价值与效用的能力。如果市场上的 AI 模型被集中掌握在少数公司手中，新兴企业与创业者为世界做出有价值贡献的机会将受到限制。那些能够回应民主、医疗保健、金融自主、政治权利与自由，或其他重大而有意义问题的创新，将大幅减少，从而也会降低 AI 所可能带来的社会福祉。任何威胁到这些少数 AI 垄断企业的控制力、影响力或财富的产品与服务，将被直接排除在市场之外，而不是由市场自然机制或消费者的真实需求所决定。

另一方面，所谓价值能动性，是指人们有能力对社会应追求的目标产生影响、发表意见。如果 AI 是在不透明的条件下、依据无法被公众了解和介入的价值与目标进行训练的，那么人们在这些问题上的影响力就会被削弱。如果由专有模型决定大多数或几乎全部嵌入 AI 的产品与服务的性质，那么人们对这些技术的控制权将大为减少。例如，所谓“对齐问题”指的是如何使 AI 与人类的利益保持一致。那么，什么是人类的利益？什么是构成一个良好且值得追求社会的目标？AI 的运行应遵循哪些道德与伦理原则？这些价值是否可以由少数几家公司决定，而无需公开其训练数据与学习算法？是否可以不接受公众监督与介入？如果技术架构被封闭在公众视野之外，那么上述问题的答案就更有可能来自权威的决定，而不是通过民主程序获得的共识。

经济能动性与价值能动性的双重丧失是危险的，本文余下部分将进一步阐述原因。

Section 3.3: 经济能动性

正如奥地利经济学家路德维希·冯·米塞斯（Ludwig von Mises）与弗里德里希·哈耶克（Friedrich Hayek）所著名指出的，苏联之所以在某些方面具有毁灭性，部分原因在于它无法通过自然发生的市场机制来合理分配资源。在这样的体制下，由内部的中央计划者来决定人民的需求与欲望——而这些人所掌握的信息资源既稀缺、又充满偏见与误差，无法实现准确分配。因此，大量官僚主义和强制性的手段被实施来调配国家资源。

举例来说，国家必须设定价格。至少是在苏联的情况中，并不存在一个广泛可用的自由市场，来使商品与服务受到供需关系的调节。生产者依据国家命令进行生产，而非根据市场激励（如竞争）自行调整方向——这些激励本应协调生产与消费，促成市场均衡。换句话说，价格失去了其关键信息功能——它本应指示资源该流向何处。哈耶克在《通往奴役之路》（The Road to Serfdom）中写道：“任何对某些商品的价格或数量的控制，都剥夺了竞争协调个体努力的能力，因为此时价格变动无法反映环境中的相关变化，也就无法为个体行动提供可靠的指导。”

不过，对本文来说，更重要的是：国家控制的生产与经济计划还意味着人们被剥夺了进入市场并创造价值的机会，使他们难以通过创新改善自身生活。任何可能威胁国家权力、削弱其合法性与影响力，或转移其部分控制权的创新行为，都将被禁止进入市场。举个例子：假设某人观察到，在某国的偏远乡村地区，由于常年洪水泛滥，人们无法修建道路，从而难以参与国家选举。这位发明者研发了一种不受洪水腐蚀的新型混凝土，并希望在乡村修建道路，改善人们的通行条件，让他们更容易参与公共事务。但当他向国家交通委员会申请资源时，却遭到了拒绝。原因是：该地区居民普遍希望拥有农业生产的自主权，因此国家不愿意为这些人提供进入选举制度的通道。而在缺乏市场竞争的情况下，也没有其他机会和机制可以去建设这些道路。

垄断，尤其是在受到监管体系保护的情况下，构成了类似的威胁。马克思曾做出一个著名批评：资本主义作为一种社会制度，其内在逻辑会逐步而不可避免地导致生产资料向少数人手中集中。虽然包括哈耶克和米塞斯在内的许多经济学家认为这种看法是错误的，并坚信在正常运作的资本主义体系中，这一结果是可以避免的。但如果人工智能遭到垄断，那么马克思的预测将比以往更加接近现实——无论这是由于历史规律，还是由于无法预见的结构性变数所致。正如克里斯·迪克森（Chris Dixon）[48]在其著作《阅读、写作、拥有》（Read, Write, Own）中观察到的，初创公司之所以能在市场中找到生存空间，部分原因在于大公司往往目光短浅，无法及时察觉到新兴产品正逐步获得消费者的关注。在专注于自身业务的过程中，这些巨头常常错失市场趋势与动向，而初创企业若运气足够好，就能积累足够势能以形成竞争力。但如果这些老牌巨头掌控了人工智能，他们就可能利用 AI 的能力来抹平初创企业原本可以利用的那些优势。随着时间推移，垄断企业将对市场形成难以穿透的控制权，各行各业的价值链最终将进一步“上游集中”到这些公司手中——比现在更甚。由专家所忽视、却能在市场中创造出意想不到价值的颠覆性技术，其创新空间可能会被完全挤压出去。

由于人工智能具备智能能力，它作为资本工具拥有极大的潜力，能够创造出改善人类生活的先进技术。但，由于有些对公众最有益的应用方式，可能并不符合政府与大型企业的利益，其潜在福祉也就可能在权力结构中被悲剧性地削弱。其中最明显的例子就是金融自主权。

看看比特币的案例就足以说明问题。中本聪（Satoshi）[49]发明比特币的初衷，是为了让人们拥有金融自由的能力——通过创造一种稀缺资源，其价值储存功能可与黄金相类比。比特币使那些生活在高通胀、货币极度贬值国家的人们，能够积累具有全球流通性的财富。人们可以拥有一种不会因货币供应过量或国家财政赤字上升而贬值的资产。比特币能够帮助人们过上更加稳定、安全的生活，它提供了透明性、个人所有权，以及能够激励社会合作的制度安排——这一切都无需依赖强制性信任或道德施舍。

人们本希望掌权者能够设法将中本聪为世界带来的巨大价值纳入现有体系。并不是说比特币应立即取代法定货币，而是说，考虑到比特币在应对法币体系中潜在致命问题方面提供了极具前景的解决方案，政府至少应当付出更大的努力，将这些解决方案纳入实践。合理的期待是，执政者会寻求一种方式，将区块链、比特币及其增强经济自由的潜力加以整合。然而，直到最近，有关这一技术的监管进展一直缓慢而混乱。在拜登政府期间，由于政策缺乏清晰性与明确性，关于加密货币的许多举措都未能充分发挥其潜在价值，反而阻碍了其更高效、更具生产性的使用路径。

如果AI被通过监管框架实现垄断，那么那些原本有潜力改善人类生活的技术也可能轻易被弃置。若这些技术与政府或企业利益发生冲突，大多数人将无法通过授权或专利使用这些专有模型，而中小型企业也会被并购吸收。尽管人工智能本可以彻底革新选举平台及人们参与选举的方式；尽管它本可以通过更优的数据安全手段或创造更多经济机会来增强个体自由，但探索这些可能性的路径，若与掌控大多数 AI 技术栈（甚至全部）的公司利益不符，就很可能被封锁。如果某项潜在的 AI 技术有可能通过解决某些产业赖以牟利、甚至具有寄生性质的问题，从而威胁广告收入，那么像谷歌与 Meta 这样的科技公司几乎必然会阻止这一技术进入市场的尝试。

特朗普政府迄今为止最重要的政策举措之一，就是其新的加密货币政策。该政策废除了上一届政府的行政命令，并致力于制定一个有助于推动该技术发展的监管框架。这对于人工智能领域中正在发生的其他形式的创新具有重要意义。有了除了传统风险投资之外的其他资源——例如通证经济（tokenomics）[50]，初创公司可以为其项目提供资金支持，并积累发展势能。

彼得·蒂尔在其著作《从零到一》（Zero to One）中提出，初创公司本身就在、也应该在寻求成为垄断者。他们需要在市场中占据一个特定空间，通过开发专有技术击败其他竞争者，并进一步排除后来者进入该市场。正如蒂尔所言，如果企业不想成为失败者，这种策略是至关重要的。若他们希望获得投资者的关注，就必须采取建立垄断地位的路径。然而，借助通证经济以及其他与加密货币相关的机制，人们也有机会开发出有价值的技术，同时保留开源精神。在这样的机制下，合作与协作得以推动，同时也能获得支持增长所需的资金。

Section 3.4 价值能动性

经济能动性之所以被削弱，是因为市场中那些具备质感的价值创造机会正在减少，使个体难以通过创新与生产满足不断变化的需求与欲望。当 AI 技术栈被少数几家垄断企业掌控并主导整个生态系统时，即使有人识别出一个真正有意义的问题，并设计出强有力的解决方案，如果这不符合大型企业的利益，该方案也很可能无法进入市场。经济活动及其所带来的社会价值，不应建立在一套容许权力任意压制、扼杀对社会整体有益事务的权威机制上。那么，AI 垄断企业又是如何压缩人们在价值能动性上的“质性丰富机会”的呢？

如果雷·库兹韦尔的奇点理论及其相关预测哪怕部分属实——如果人类真的将与非生物智能融合，并生活在日益人工化的环境中——那么人工智能的垄断不仅不可取，而且可以说是一种反乌托邦式的局面。这种设想唤起了关于“技术霸主”的画面：他们主宰着人类社会，而人们要么沦为智能机器的奴工，要么则是舒适而满足地享受着智能繁荣所带来的物质成果。在这样的图景中，总有人必须开采矿物资源，而另一些人则消费着由此生产出的丰富商品与服务。但如果我们假设 AI 的发展会快到足以让智能机器人无需人力就能完成矿产开采工作，那最终所有人都会转变为纯粹的“消费者”。“在接下来的几十年里，”库兹韦尔预测，“几乎所有例行性的体力与脑力活动都将被自动化。”届时，唯有那些具有社交性、创造性、创新性或高度不可预测性的工作将对拥有相关技能与培训的人开放，其余人将大多成为消费者。而借助纳米机器人、虚拟现实、非生物智能增强技术与无处不在的信息流动，我们的现实将愈加接近哲学家罗伯特·诺齐克（Robert Nozick）所设想的“体验机”（experience machine）。

通过某种装置的介入——无论是接入某种模拟装置，还是完全沉浸于类似虚拟现实（VR）那样的数字化、信息化环境中——人们可以体验到他们所希望的任何事情。任何感官体验、情绪、思想或事件，都会随时向任何人开放，随时可供消费。一个人可以体验写出“伟大的美国小说”所带来的深刻满足，像苏格拉底[51]那样在雅典法庭上勇敢地对抗陪审团，或像拿破仑那样英勇地站在青翠的高岗上俯瞰敌军，也可以在模拟的攀登中登上珠穆朗玛峰，体会坚持不懈的荣耀与世界之巅的视野。重要的不是这些事件是否真实发生，而是有人“渴望”它，而它就会“存在”。在这样的图景中，人生的目标就是消费；而“道德生活”——值得追求的生活——则被定义为追求内部刺激的生活。外部世界、个体真实的存在状态将不再重要。一个人是否真实地勇敢、富有同情心、充满爱意、公正、虔诚、善良或邪恶——这都不再有意义。人们的兴趣与冲突将在人工体验的消费中得到调和。在一个“问题已被解决”的世界中，没有需要行动者去解决的具体问题，行动者也就变得可有可无；唯一需要的，是“消费”。

这种情境真正危险之处在于，垄断企业将完全掌控生成技术的算法，也即控制我们可接触的信息结构。信息将不断被嵌入到以消费为中心的环境中。理想情况下，人们应当拥有自由，做他们想做的事，以他们认可的方式生活。但人们“看待”世界的方式，他们建构现实的方式，他们所处的社会语境——都会被那些已经整合智能资本、成为未来唯一商品与服务生产者的公司所过滤与塑造。哲学家艾伦·布鲁姆（Allan Bloom）在其著作《美国精神的封闭》（The Closing of the American Mind）中写道：“每一个教育系统都有一个它希望达成的道德目标，并据此构建其课程。它希望塑造出某种特定类型的人。”人工智能的垄断企业将通过改造人的生存环境来塑造“人是什么”的意义，以符合其自身利益。而真正重要的那些事情——运用能动性、实现真实的自我效能感、发现自己在人生中真正珍视与渴望的事物、建构让现实更一贯、宜居和统一的人生目标等等的机会——将被被企业利益所强烈影响和操控。而这些利益，本质上是围绕经济增长与利润最大化构建的。

在诺姆·乔姆斯基（Noam Chomsky）[52]与爱德华·赫尔曼（Edward Herman）[53]合著的《制造共识》（Manufacturing Consent）[54]一书中，两位作者提出，美国媒体实际上是一种宣传工具，而非客观的信息来源（这一观点当时颇具争议，但如今已成为主流看法）。他们认为，这种宣传功能是通过一套“过滤模型”来运作的，该模型将信息作为输入，并为公众“福祉”完美制造出标准化的输出。而其中一些媒体过滤机制，正是今天科技巨头所采用的。第一个过滤器是媒体公司的规模、所有权结构及其以利润为导向的商业模式。这使得进入媒体市场所需的投资与准入成本变得高得惊人，从而使其他竞争者难以生存。法律制度被用来执行一系列标准，这些标准压制了初创公司与中小企业的发展；而政府补贴则倾向于支持那些与政府利益保持一致的媒体公司。第二个过滤器是广告收入。广告不仅提升了特定公司的利润，也让它们在竞争中占据优势。那些无法吸引广告支持的媒体来源往往被市场边缘化。在此过程中，那些资金雄厚的媒体公司为了争取广告商的“青睐”，被迫迎合股东所要求的持续利润增长。这意味着任何挑战企业利益的声音，都可能因营收减少而遭受惩罚，最终被逐出市场竞争。

这两个过滤器，正是当今科技巨头在其平台上运用的机制。他们主导市场，并依靠广告收入获取惊人的利润。正如乔姆斯基与赫尔曼所指出的另一个过滤器——意识形态偏向，大科技公司同样如此。就像上世纪八十年代的主流媒体会大肆报道敌对国家的种族灭绝与谋杀，却对发生在美国“势力范围”如拉美地区的同类事件视而不见，大科技公司也会在符合其经济与利益考量时，沿着特定的意识形态线索行事。由于其庞大的利润模式与动机，大科技公司的利益并不必然与真理、勇气、准确性、诚实、公正或善恶标准一致。只有当这些价值可以带来可预见的利润与效用最大化时，它们才可能被采纳。因此，如果 AI 垄断企业逐步获得市场主导权，并以其最先进模型为基础将大量商品与服务推向市场，那么人们对于世界的理解、他们如何看待现实、哪些事物最值得关注——都会在信息过滤器的引导下被重塑。这些过滤器正是大科技公司用于“产出有利于技术发展结果”的机制的一部分。个体发展自身的机会、形成自我世界观的过程、以及构成生活统一性的价值体系，都将受到科技信息过滤器的支配与重构。

我们很容易想象这样一个世界：信息的生成由一小部分集中的模型主导，这些模型构建出一套相互交织的信息网络，强化着不准确、不诚实、甚至是伪造的信息结构。新闻标题与报道可能散布错误主张与对现实的歪曲，而这些说法又会被其他虚假信息源所“证实”，彼此互为支撑。这种信息结构——即信息的组织方式及其意义赋予机制——可能会被人为策划，以服务于掌握权力与控制信息传播资源者所设定的特定目的。少数人认为“最好的”内容将被优先推送，而公众的想法将逐渐变得从属，最终被操控以符合权力方的利益。这并不是在指责某个实体或个人有恶意意图，而是在强调这样一种结构性困境：当生成并传播社会所消费的信息的能力被集中在少数几方手中时，这种权力格局所带来的难以解决的困境。

这最终将不可避免地导向类似于前文提到的诺齐克“体验机”的世界。人们获得一种超越消费伦理的生活形式能力的机会将被极大压缩，甚至被彻底剥夺。确实，假设未来大多数工作被自动化，人们通过基本收入实现生活保障，那么个体将从劳作的束缚中解放，不再被迫为经济增长贡献劳动力。从某种意义上说，人类将获得对约束与必需品的自由。但问题在于，如果没有施展自由的媒介，如果没有真正的机会在具体经验中运用自己的能动性，那么这种自由就并不是真正的自由——至少不是那种更深层次的、积极意义上的自由。那种引导人们思考“如何生活”、那种通过探索而发现值得投入心力与时间的事业的过程、那种确立人生目标并在充满挑战与刺激的环境中努力实现的能力，将会在这样的结构中逐渐失效，甚至彻底被边缘化。

哲学家约翰·杜威（John Dewey）曾写道：

我们很少意识到，我们对什么有价值、什么无价值的判断，在多大程度上是受制于我们并不自觉的标准。但一般来说，那些我们未经思考便视为理所当然的事物，正是决定我们有意识思维与判断结论的关键。而那些位于反思之下的习性，往往正是在我们与他人的持续互动与交换中形成的。

如果构成社会的制度是由那些以提升股东利润为目的的大型企业所主导——这将在它们主导人工智能时成为现实——那么它们的模型将渗透进经济的每一个领域，渗入我们的环境。这些环境将影响我们所被激发的生活方式，朝向不再体现为实际的‘存在’（being），而是依赖于‘拥有’（having）。也就是说，什么是显著的、值得追求的、具有吸引力的，不再取决于它所需要的努力、它所要求的冒险精神，或它所能激发的成长过程，而是取决于它能否填满并打发时间。对于一种由消费伦理塑造的意识而言，显而易见、理所当然的东西，将与另一种由合作构成、旨在促使个体能动性寻求意义与目标的社会完全不同。前者会看到一个充满各种可能体验的世界，但这些体验除了即时呈现的感受之外毫无意义；而后者则仍然会体验到“必要性”，以及那种不可遏制的冲动——即人必须感受到世界上仍有值得行动之事。赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（Herman Melville）在其伟大的美国小说《白鲸》（Moby Dick）中写下了这样的句子：

我坚定目标的道路铺设着铁轨，我的灵魂被刻槽其上。穿越无底峡谷，穿越山脉深处与激流之下，我直奔而去！没有障碍，没有转弯，只有通向铁轨终点的直路！

但愿，那些曾赋予梅尔维尔写作力量的精神碎片，在未来的某个角落依然得以存在。

Section 3.5

在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》（Thus Spoke Zarathustra）一书中，尼采描绘了两种未来人类的形象：“末人”（Last Man）与“超人”（Overman）。这两者在本能、欲望、动机与驱力方面有着根本性的不同。他们所看到的世界、感知世界的方式也截然不同：哪些事物对他们而言是显著且有意义的，什么是“善”或“恶”，对自我与世界的信念与态度，皆南辕北辙。

尼采对“末人”充满蔑视，而他的理想目标则是“超人”。“末人”代表一种追求舒适、安逸与满足的生活方式——那是一种消费的生活，是一种被动的满足。末人的畜群（herd）沉浸在“白天的微小快乐、夜晚的微小快乐中，但极度重视健康。他们说：‘我们发现了幸福’，眨着眼睛”。这样的存在，培养出的是享乐、安逸、饱足与消费的本能。尼采常将这种状态比喻为“反刍的牛”。而“超人”则是那种能够保有创造与超越本能的存在，他将生命导向某个遥远而艰难的目标，借此创造出一种超出自身的价值，使生活因此获得尊严与意义。超人仍然保有那种穿越变革性经验的冲动，那种能改变自我存在状态与意识体验的本能。正是这种冲动激发个体去掌握现实、理解现实，并因此增强他们影响现实的能力——个体越来越能够通过自己的活动与存在方式去塑造经验，建构世界。“末人”的美德——最大化快乐并最小化痛苦，在“超人”看来，恰恰是堕落的恶德。

人工智能的垄断结构及其以利润为导向的模式，正在推动“末人”的出现；而开源则是在为“超人”保留空间。随着人工智能被集中于少数强权之手，并通过这些权力机构设定的参数向市场大量输出商品与服务，整个信息景观及其传播网络将被精心策划成一种伦理结构——这种伦理以最大满足与持续消费所带来的舒适感为核心。在这样的结构中，个体所接触到的机会与环境将不再是“质感质性丰富”的；它们不会激发人们内在的主动能力，而只会使人变得能够追求一种消费社会所设定的终极目标——即最大化产出与回报的路径。

而开源生态系统，则保留了一个人类能动性仍能找到出口的空间。在那里，创造力与创新的目标不再仅仅是为了逐利，而是为了实现一种更完整的人类生活。

现在，本文开篇提出的一个问题是：自动化是否能带来足够多的机会，使被替代的劳动力能够重新获得工作？到现在我们已经看到，黑客范式与开源生态系统的确让这一目标更为可行。彼得·蒂尔的《从零到一》可以说是一本创业者指南。而他在书中明确指出：创业的目标应当是至少模仿，并努力实现垄断。所谓“成功”，就是在某一市场领域内占据主导地位，排除其他进入者，并通过专属供应尚未满足的需求来实现利润最大化。但成功初创企业的统计数据[55]却令人沮丧。初创企业的失败率高达90%。在那些成功者中，首次创业者只占18%。获得风险投资资金的初创企业不到1%；获得天使投资的比例也不到1%；约有75%的初创公司依赖“信用卡债务、商业贷款与信用额度”来筹集资金。成功的几率微乎其微，而对那些敢于创业，尤其是技术驱动型创业者（这是失败率最高的一类）所需承担的门槛与风险，往往近乎不可逾越。蒂尔之所以鼓励初创企业采用垄断策略，部分原因正是因为唯有在获得足够稳固的市场地位之后，公司才终于能够喘息、拓展与创新。一旦达到垄断标准，企业便能掌控其特定领域（甚至是整个）市场中的价值输出——理论上，这会给企业与消费者双方带来好处。

然而，这种能力最终被集中在极少数能够侥幸成功的公司手中。一旦掌握了这种能力，它们便没有自利的动机去放手。而当某家企业依靠其垄断地位终于获得创新的自由之时，这种专属能力却也意味着其他拥有创造潜力的人被排除在外，仅仅因为他们没有获得那唯一的机会。

如果企业的成功几率更高，那无疑会更具吸引力。但传统的融资方式以及作为成功创业者所需经历的艰难过程，往往会打击甚至扼杀那些本有能力提出改变世界的强大创意的人们。而黑客范式之所以具有深远意义，正是因为它能够提供丰富的机会，让人们得以创造价值，而无需承担传统创业所附带的高风险。黑客范式的“北极星”之一，就是致力于打造一个开放的、无需许可的生态系统——一个充满机会、人们可以自由进入、自由利用关键技术信息，并能够与成熟企业协作，从而共同创造出更好、更具创新性的产品的环境。开放的生态系统能够赋予人们创造价值的可能，而封闭系统则将他人排除在外，关闭了协作的大门。

按照蒂尔模式的创业路径，那是一条崎岖不平的道路。它需要强烈的意志、非凡的创造力，当然还需要一定的运气。而这三者的完美契合，是极其罕见的。因此，真正能在创业中成功的人少之又少。通过一个无需许可的开源生态系统，通过减轻人们在创造有价值事物时所承受的沉重负担，我们可以释放出大量机会——这些机会无需你拥有成为乔布斯或贝索斯那样的雄心与资源，也不要求你必须独力成就一番技术帝国。事实上，那些科技巨头的成功，早已远远超越了他们当初想要创造创新科技的初衷。开源生态系统将推动科技进步的机会民主化，使人们能够真正参与其中，不必成为少数天才企业家的复制品。创新，理应是更具协作性、更广泛分布的，也应当距离普通人更近。黑客范式正在使这成为可能，它正在重构赛场的平衡。

或许，并不是每个人都想成为一名“黑客”。但开源为我们保留并拓展了一种最佳的原型模式，通过它，可以将具体的机会持续地、公平地分配给人们，让他们得以实践自己的能动性。正是通过拥有这类机会，人们仍能发现和体验到那种强烈的召唤感——“我必须去做某事”——即，一个目标的存在，使个体不得不相信，若忽视它，人生就将失去意义与目标。如果我们生活的世界中，人们能接触到的、最显眼且最具吸引力的事物，仅仅是尼采所说的那种“幸福”——那种不涉及个人牺牲、不包含作为德性的献身（devotion）、也无需为艰难而变革性的事业奋斗的意愿的“幸福”——那么这样的世界无疑比不上另一个世界：在那里，人们拥有真正的机会去成就伟大的事业，只要他们愿意去追求。

结语

当 IBM 的“深蓝”在 1997 年击败国际象棋冠军卡斯帕罗夫（Garry Kasparov）时，象棋并未因此被淘汰。人们依旧继续比赛，并不断变得更强。这一事实——即从那以后任何人类棋手都不可能战胜 AI 程序——并未动摇那些热爱象棋之人的热情与动力。那些献身于象棋的人依旧渴望打磨自己的技艺，学习更复杂的策略，在不断成长的过程中超越其他选手。象棋选手依然渴望变得更优秀，仅仅是为了变得更优秀。通过意志与投入实现成长，当他们登上新的水平时，那种深刻的成就感依旧真实而宝贵，尽管一台机器将永远是更强的选手。 在一部关于李世石（Lee Sedol）在 2016 年败给 AlphaGo 的纪录片中，有人说：“他在这台机器的对弈中获得了成长。他的人性在与这台无生命的创造物对局之后得到了拓展。而我们的希望，是这种机器，尤其是背后的技术，也能对我们所有人产生同样的作用。”还有人说：“或许 AlphaGo 能向人类展示一些我们从未发现过的东西。或许那是一种美。”如果被正确使用，人工智能可以拓展个体影响与改变世界的能力。它可以提供创造的机会，而非只是劳作的义务；可以唤起意义的体验，而非冷漠与疏离；可以使人获得一种有价值的自由，而非无所依托的自由。但这一切都取决于社会写作和去推动人们向值得努力实现的目标前进的环境；它也要求我们以不同的方式理解竞争。

Agency/Agent/Agentic/… 能动性 Being （以…方式）存在 Qualitatively Rich 质性（上）丰富 Open Source Ecosystem 开源生态系统 Proprietary 专有 Pleasure 快乐 Happiness 幸福 所有著作、节目与人物名称第一次出现标记英文原文。 除网站链接之外的脚注，均为译者补充；脚注中的外部链接为原文超链接的对应标记。 原文中的特殊格式均保留在中文对应词项中。

参考文献

[1] 美国人工智能理论家、作家，MIRI（Machine Intelligence Research Institute，机器智能研究所）创始人之一。 [2] 俄罗斯裔美国计算机科学家，路易斯维尔大学教授，专长于AI安全和人工智能伦理。 [3] 瑞典裔美国物理学家、MIT教授，Future of Life Institute（未来生命研究院）联合创办人。 [4] https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/. [5] https://a16z.com/the-techno-optimist-manifesto/.硅谷知名风险投资家、网景（Netscape）浏览器联合创始人，Andreessen Horowitz投资公司创始人。 [6] https://ia.samaltman.com/. OpenAI CEO. [7] 发明家、未来学家、作家，现为谷歌工程总监。 [8] 特斯公司CEO，SpaceX创始人兼首席执行官，X（原Twitter）所有人。 [9] HAL 9000（简称HAL）是科幻小说和电影系列《太空奥德赛》中的虚构人工智能角色，由阿瑟·克拉克（Arthur C. Clarke）和斯坦利·库布里克（Stanley Kubrick）共同创作。在作品中，HAL 9000原本是飞船“发现号”（Discovery One）的中央控制系统，它被设计得极其可靠，拥有高度智能、情感模拟能力，负责飞船运行，包括导航、生命支持、通信等核心任务。在执行任务时，由于HAL开始表现出微妙的异常（如错误报告设备损坏），同行宇航员决定关闭HAL。当这一计划被HAL得知，HAL控制飞船上设备造成了同行宇航员的死亡。但后续作品揭示，HAL的表现是由于收到了相互冲突的人类指令，并决定杀死宇航员来保证两种指令都能够实现。 [10] 法国经济学家。 [11] 美国经济和社会理论家、作家、公众演说家、政治顾问和活动家。 [12] 经济学家、教授，现任斯坦福大学数字经济实验室主任。 [13] 研究员、作家，MIT斯隆管理学院副教授、MIT数字经济计划副主任。 [14] http://digamo.free.fr/brynmacafee2.pdf/ [15]https://www.brookings.edu/articles/rising-inequality-a-major-issue-of-our-time/ [16] 硅谷投资人，PayPal创始人，企业家、风险投资家、政治思想家、作家。 [17] 经济学家、哲学家、道德理论家，古典经济学奠基人。 [18] 芬兰哲学家。 [19] 社会学家、经济学家、历史学家、政治学理论家，德国社会学与历史学传统的代表人物之一，被称为现代社会学的奠基人之一。 [20] http://www.catb.org/esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html [21] 这三个词的区别在斯密研究中并没有得到广泛讨论。一些学者认为它们是同义的，通过重复表达强调（参考J.Z. Muller, (1993) Adam Smith in His Time and Ours: Designing the Decent Society, New York: Free Press第69页，Willie Henderson and Warren J. Samuels, (2004) The etiology of Adam Smith’s division of labor, in Essays on the History of Economics）。就这三个词在英语中的使用历史而言，truck system在英国曾经意为用实物作为工资的薪资制度，barter通常指不涉及货币的物物交换。 [22] Eric Fromm, Marx's Concept of Man. [23] 古希腊哲学家。 [24]https://happyheartfamilies.citymax.com/f/Self_Efficacy.pdf [25]https://happyheartfamilies.citymax.com/f/Self_Efficacy.pdf [26] 一个专注于在线支付处理和金融基础设施的平台，帮助企业在互联网上管理资金流动。 [27]https://www.applogicnetworks.com/blog/sandvines-2024-global-internet-phenomena-report-global-internet-usage-continues-to-grow [28]https://www.emarketer.com/learningcenter/guides/amazon-revenue/ [29]https://cxotoday.com/news-analysis/big-tech-to-own-two-thirds-of-world-data/#:~:text=Without%20sounding%20like%20a%20predictor%20of%20doomsday%2C,data%20centers%20while%20the%20rest%20is%20on [30]https://botpopuli.net/digging-deeper-assessing-big-techs-capture-of-the-internets-infrastructure/#:~:text=The%20dominance%20of%20Big%20Tech,Services%20(AWS)%20in%202006. [31]https://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/advance-article/doi/10.1093/polsoc/puae012/7636223 [32]https://finance.yahoo.com/news/big-tech-set-to-invest-325-billion-this-year-as-hefty-ai-bills-come-under-scrutiny-182329236.html [33]https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/12/05/1084393/make-no-mistake-ai-is-owned-by-big-tech/ [34]https://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/advance-article/doi/10.1093/polsoc/puae012/7636223 [35]https://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/advance-article/doi/10.1093/polsoc/puae012/7636223 [36]https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/12/05/1084393/make-no-mistake-ai-is-owned-by-big-tech/ [37] 硅谷知名投资人，安德森·霍洛维茨基金（Andreessen Horowitz，简称a16z）的普通合伙人（General Partner）。 [38]https://a16z.com/why-deepseek-is-a-gift-to-the-american-people/ [39]https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/01/2023-24283/safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence [40] 美国著名记者、专栏作家，独立新闻平台自由新闻（The Free Press）的创办人。 [41]https://darioamodei.com/on-deepseek-and-export-controls [42] 半导体行业分析师，SemiAnalysis网站创始人。 [43] AI研究员、工程师。 [44]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcJtvzF-FP8&t=2736s [45]http://www.northamericannietzschesociety.com/uploads/7/3/2/5/73251013/nietzscheana5.pdf [46] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agon [47] 霍布斯的《利维坦》（Leviathan）中对自然状态下的人的生活的刻画。 [48] 安德森·霍洛维茨基金普通合伙人，负责加密货币与Web3投资部门（a16z crypto）。 [49] 比特币（Bitcoin）的创造者，身份不明。 [50] 也译为“代币经济学”，是对加密货币或区块链项目的经济层面的研究和分析，尤其关注其原生数字代币的设计和发行。该术语由“代币/通证”（token）和“经济学”（economics）两个词组合而成。 [51] 古希腊哲学家。 [52] 美国教授和公共知识分子，以其在语言学、政治活动和社会批评领域的研究而闻名。乔姆斯基有时被称为“现代语言学之父”，他也是分析哲学的重要人物和认知科学领域的创始人之一。 [53] 美国经济学家、媒体学者和社会评论家。 [54] https://focalizalaatencion.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/herman-chomsky-2002-manufacturingconsent.pdf [55] https://explodingtopics.com/blog/startup-failure-stats

@ 7e8ca676:b6a7569f

There was a time when Bitcoin smelled like ozone and rebellion. When men wore hoodies because they meant it. When software didn’t come with a mission statement or a DAO-approved pronoun guide. When the only thing a Bitcoin dev feared was being wrong, not being unpopular. \ \ That time is dead. \ \ It died somewhere between the fifth Twitter thread explaining why putting JPEGs on the base layer was “valid use,” and the fiftieth PR that added complexity to the engine in order to simplify the cupholders. Now we’re here, ankle-deep in a pool of our own mediocrity, arguing over whether we should triple the OP_RETURN limit so a VC-backed sidechain company can offload its plumbing costs onto your Raspberry Pi. \ \ Welcome to the future. It’s paved in GitHub comments and smells like a WeWork bathroom. \ \ Let’s speak plainly. This whole drama is not about OP_RETURN. It’s about power. Not electrical power. Not hash power. Soft power. The power to redefine what Bitcoin is for, one pull request at a time. It is the power to turn the protocol from a blunt, uncompromising monetary weapon into a polite corporate middleware bus for protocol startups that couldn’t raise a Series B without a little help from their friends in Core. \ \ Jameson Lopp wants to increase the OP_RETURN limit. Why? Because his company, Citrea, needs to squeeze a few more bytes into every transaction. It's not a crime. It’s not even dishonest. It's just pathetically on the nose. They don’t want to pay miners directly. They want the mempool to be their free emergency broadcast system. They want to lean on the public infrastructure without sending flowers or even a thank-you note. \ \ And what does Core say? \ \ They say yes. \ \ Because of “technical merit.” \ \ Because it’s “more efficient.” \ \ Because the devs have long since stopped being guardians of the protocol and started being unpaid product managers for whoever can string enough buzzwords together in a conference talk. \ \ You can see it in their eyes. You can hear it in their interviews. The Core devs aren’t building Bitcoin anymore. They’re managing Bitcoin. They’re curating it. Polishing it. Nerfing it for mass adoption. Like a bunch of Brooklyn baristas trying to make espresso kid-friendly. Bitcoin used to be an espresso shot poured directly into the mouth of the Federal Reserve. Now it’s a lukewarm latte with oat milk and consensus-breaking sprinkles. \ \ The worst part? The refusal to acknowledge that this is not about UTXO bloat. It's not about cleaner mempools. It’s about upstreaming corporate convenience into the base layer under the halo of neutrality. It’s about giving polite names to ugly compromises. “Policy adjustment.” “Ergonomic improvement.” “Relay optimization.” They speak in this weird dialect of bureaucratic techspeak that means nothing and does less. \ \ Meanwhile, the only thing that actually matters gets lost: ossification. \ \ The holy grail of this protocol is ossification. Not stagnation. Not laziness. Not gridlock. Just stability. The longer Bitcoin can go without consensus changes, the more credible it becomes. The more unchangeable it becomes. Like gravity. Like rust. It doesn’t matter how good your argument is. The system won’t budge. That’s the point. The value of Bitcoin isn’t in how clever the devs are. It’s in how irrelevant they become. \ \ But ossification isn't something you declare. You sneak up on it. You approach it sideways, like a wild animal. You do less and less until eventually you’re doing nothing at all, and nobody even remembers how to change the code anymore. That is the goal. To make the protocol so boring, so petrified, that no one can move it. Not Lopp. Not Luke. Not even Larry from Legal. \ \ To get there, we need something devs hate: client balkanization. \ \ That means splitting the client into pieces. Break the codebase. Separate the consensus engine from the policy fluff. Let people run different implementations. Let the free market decide what filters they want, what mempool rules they tolerate, what behavior they’re willing to relay. You want a node that bans inscriptions? Run it. You want a client that auto-forwards every transaction with a JPEG of your left toe? Go for it. Just don’t make it my problem. \ \ Right now, Bitcoin Core is a monoculture. It’s the cathedral and the altar and the pamphlet all rolled into one. That’s not healthy. That’s a single point of failure. That’s a priesthood. \ \ And no, Bitcoin isn’t a religion. It’s worse. It’s a culture. Religion has rituals. Culture has habits. And habits are harder to break. Especially when your dev team gets drunk on the idea that their opinions are features. \ \ If you want to fix this mess, you need to kill the idea that Bitcoin Core is the final word. Strip it down. Remove every line of non-consensus code. Make it boring. Make it dumb. Let the client rot in peace, and let a thousand weird little nodes bloom. \ \ Let the spammers spam themselves into oblivion. Let the free-riders find someone else to subsidize their infrastructure. Let every operator set their own damn filters. \ \ You’ll know ossification is working when the devs start getting bored. When they stop showing up. When there are no more debates. When the politics dry up. When Jameson Lopp finally logs off. \ \ Until then, every line of code you don’t remove is a future argument you’ll be forced to have with someone who thinks “data availability” is more important than keeping the protocol boring. \ \ Bitcoin does not need to be exciting. It needs to be a brick. A self-righteous, opinionated, uncompromising, utterly stubborn monetary brick. \ \ Keep your hands off it. \ \ And take your startup with you.OP_RETURN and the Cult of Cleverness: Or, How Bitcoin Core Learned to Love the Smell of Its Own Farts

There was a time when Bitcoin smelled like ozone and rebellion. When men wore hoodies because they meant it. When software didn’t come with a mission statement or a DAO-approved pronoun guide. When the only thing a Bitcoin dev feared was being wrong, not being unpopular.

That time is dead.

It died somewhere between the fifth Twitter thread explaining why putting JPEGs on the base layer was “valid use,” and the fiftieth PR that added complexity to the engine in order to simplify the cupholders. Now we’re here, ankle-deep in a pool of our own mediocrity, arguing over whether we should triple the OP_RETURN limit so a VC-backed sidechain company can offload its plumbing costs onto your Raspberry Pi.

Welcome to the future. It’s paved in GitHub comments and smells like a WeWork bathroom.

Let’s speak plainly. This whole drama is not about OP_RETURN. It’s about power. Not electrical power. Not hash power. Soft power. The power to redefine what Bitcoin is for, one pull request at a time. It is the power to turn the protocol from a blunt, uncompromising monetary weapon into a polite corporate middleware bus for protocol startups that couldn’t raise a Series B without a little help from their friends in Core.

Jameson Lopp wants to increase the OP_RETURN limit. Why? Because his company, Citrea, needs to squeeze a few more bytes into every transaction. It's not a crime. It’s not even dishonest. It's just pathetically on the nose. They don’t want to pay miners directly. They want the mempool to be their free emergency broadcast system. They want to lean on the public infrastructure without sending flowers or even a thank-you note.

And what does Core say?

They say yes.

Because of “technical merit.”

Because it’s “more efficient.”

Because the devs have long since stopped being guardians of the protocol and started being unpaid product managers for whoever can string enough buzzwords together in a conference talk.

You can see it in their eyes. You can hear it in their interviews. The Core devs aren’t building Bitcoin anymore. They’re managing Bitcoin. They’re curating it. Polishing it. Nerfing it for mass adoption. Like a bunch of Brooklyn baristas trying to make espresso kid-friendly. Bitcoin used to be an espresso shot poured directly into the mouth of the Federal Reserve. Now it’s a lukewarm latte with oat milk and consensus-breaking sprinkles.

The worst part? The refusal to acknowledge that this is not about UTXO bloat. It's not about cleaner mempools. It’s about upstreaming corporate convenience into the base layer under the halo of neutrality. It’s about giving polite names to ugly compromises. “Policy adjustment.” “Ergonomic improvement.” “Relay optimization.” They speak in this weird dialect of bureaucratic techspeak that means nothing and does less.

Meanwhile, the only thing that actually matters gets lost: ossification.

The holy grail of this protocol is ossification. Not stagnation. Not laziness. Not gridlock. Just stability. The longer Bitcoin can go without consensus changes, the more credible it becomes. The more unchangeable it becomes. Like gravity. Like rust. It doesn’t matter how good your argument is. The system won’t budge. That’s the point. The value of Bitcoin isn’t in how clever the devs are. It’s in how irrelevant they become.

But ossification isn't something you declare. You sneak up on it. You approach it sideways, like a wild animal. You do less and less until eventually you’re doing nothing at all, and nobody even remembers how to change the code anymore. That is the goal. To make the protocol so boring, so petrified, that no one can move it. Not Lopp. Not Luke. Not even Larry from Legal.

To get there, we need something devs hate: client balkanization.

That means splitting the client into pieces. Break the codebase. Separate the consensus engine from the policy fluff. Let people run different implementations. Let the free market decide what filters they want, what mempool rules they tolerate, what behavior they’re willing to relay. You want a node that bans inscriptions? Run it. You want a client that auto-forwards every transaction with a JPEG of your left toe? Go for it. Just don’t make it my problem.

Right now, Bitcoin Core is a monoculture. It’s the cathedral and the altar and the pamphlet all rolled into one. That’s not healthy. That’s a single point of failure. That’s a priesthood.

And no, Bitcoin isn’t a religion. It’s worse. It’s a culture. Religion has rituals. Culture has habits. And habits are harder to break. Especially when your dev team gets drunk on the idea that their opinions are features.

If you want to fix this mess, you need to kill the idea that Bitcoin Core is the final word. Strip it down. Remove every line of non-consensus code. Make it boring. Make it dumb. Let the client rot in peace, and let a thousand weird little nodes bloom.

Let the spammers spam themselves into oblivion. Let the free-riders find someone else to subsidize their infrastructure. Let every operator set their own damn filters.

You’ll know ossification is working when the devs start getting bored. When they stop showing up. When there are no more debates. When the politics dry up. When Jameson Lopp finally logs off.

Until then, every line of code you don’t remove is a future argument you’ll be forced to have with someone who thinks “data availability” is more important than keeping the protocol boring.

Bitcoin does not need to be exciting. It needs to be a brick. A self-righteous, opinionated, uncompromising, utterly stubborn monetary brick.

Keep your hands off it.

And take your startup with you.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The sovereign fund Mubadala increases its holdings in BlackRock’s Bitcoin ETF by 6%.

According to the 13-F filing submitted to the SEC, Abu Dhabi’s sovereign wealth fund Mubadala has increased its holdings in BlackRock’s spot Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) to 8.73 million shares, with a total value of $408.5 million.

Source: Sec

The investment marks a 6% increase compared to its position last December, when the fund held 8.23 million shares.

For several months now, some of the world’s largest sovereign wealth funds have already gained exposure to Bitcoin: Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global, the largest in the world, holds around $500 million in MicroStrategy shares, while Abu Dhabi’s ADQ regularly invests in digital asset-related projects.

Mubadala joins other major institutional investors, including Goldman Sachs and Avenir Group, in increasing their exposure to IBIT.

The post Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund invests $408.5 million in Bitcoin via IBIT appeared first on Atlas21.