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2025-04-26 05:29:07The Traditional Hackathon: Brilliant Sparks with Limitations
For decades, hackathons have been the petri dishes of tech culture – frantic 24- or 48-hour coding marathons fueled by pizza, caffeine, and impossible optimism. From the first hackathon in 1999, when Sun Microsystems challenged Java developers to code on a Palm V in a day [1], to the all-night hack days at startups and universities, these events celebrated the hacker spirit. They gave us Facebook’s “Like” button and Chat features – iconic innovations born in overnight jams [1]. They spawned companies like GroupMe, which was coded in a few late-night hours and sold to Skype for $80 million a year later [2]. Hackathons became tech lore, synonymous with creativity unchained.
And yet, for all their electric energy and hype, traditional hackathons had serious limitations. They were episodic and offline – a once-in-a-blue-moon adrenaline rush rather than a sustainable process. A hackathon might gather 100 coders in a room over a weekend, then vanish until the next year. Low frequency, small scale, limited reach. Only those who could be on-site (often in Silicon Valley or elite campuses) could join. A brilliant hacker in Lagos or São Paulo would be left out, no matter how bright their ideas.
The outcomes of these sprint-like events were also constrained. Sure, teams built cool demos and won bragging rights. But in most cases, the projects were throwaway prototypes – “toy” apps that never evolved into real products or companies. It’s telling that studies found only about 5% of hackathon projects have any life a few months after the event [3]. Ninety-five percent evaporate – victims of that post-hackathon hangover, when everyone goes back to “real” work and the demo code gathers dust. Critics even dubbed hackathons “weekend wastedathons,” blasting their outputs as short-lived vaporware [3]. Think about it: a burst of creativity occurs, dozens of nifty ideas bloom… and then what? How many hackathon winners can you name that turned into enduring businesses? For every Carousell or EasyTaxi that emerged from a hackathon and later raised tens of millions [2], there were hundreds of clever mashups that never saw the light of day again.
The traditional hackathon model, as exciting as it was, rarely translated into sustained innovation. It was innovation in a silo: constrained by time, geography, and a lack of follow-through. Hackathons were events, not processes. They happened in a burst and ended just as quickly – a firework, not a sunrise.
Moreover, hackathons historically were insular. Until recently, they were largely run by and for tech insiders. Big tech companies did internal hackathons to juice employee creativity (Facebook’s famous all-nighters every few weeks led to Timeline and tagging features reaching a billion users [1]), and organizations like NASA and the World Bank experimented with hackathons for civic tech. But these were exceptions that proved the rule: hackathons were special occasions, not business-as-usual. Outside of tech giants, few organizations had the bandwidth or know-how to host them regularly. If you weren’t Google, Microsoft, or a well-funded startup hub, hackathons remained a novelty.
In fact, the world’s largest hackathon today is Microsoft’s internal global hackathon – with 70,000 employees collaborating across 75 countries [4] – an incredible feat, but one only a corporate titan could pull off. Smaller players could only watch and wonder.
The limitations were clear: hackathons were too infrequent and inaccessible to tap the full global talent pool, too short-lived to build anything beyond a prototype, and too isolated to truly change an industry. Yes, they produced amazing moments of genius – flashbulbs of innovation. But as a mechanism for continuous progress, the traditional hackathon was lacking. As an investor or tech leader, you might cheer the creativity but ask: Where is the lasting impact? Where is the infrastructure that turns these flashes into a steady beam of light?
In the spirit of Clay Christensen’s Innovator’s Dilemma, incumbents often dismissed hackathon projects as mere toys – interesting but not viable. And indeed, “the next big thing always starts out being dismissed as a toy” [5]. Hackathons generated plenty of toys, but rarely the support system to turn those toys into the next big thing. The model was ripe for reinvention. Why, in the 2020s, were we still innovating with a 1990s playbook? Why limit breakthrough ideas to a weekend or a single location? Why allow 95% of nascent innovations to wither on the vine? These questions hung in the air, waiting for an answer.
Hackathons 2.0 – DoraHacks and the First Evolution (2020–2024)
Enter DoraHacks. In the early 2020s, DoraHacks emerged like a defibrillator for the hackathon format, jolting it to new life. DoraHacks 1.0 (circa 2020–2024) was nothing less than the reinvention of the hackathon – an upgrade from Hackathon 1.0 to Hackathon 2.0. It took the hackathon concept, supercharged it, scaled it, and extended its reach in every dimension. The result was a global hacker movement, a platform that transformed hackathons from one-off sprints into a continuous engine for tech innovation. How did DoraHacks revolutionize the hackathon? Let’s count the ways:
From 24 Hours to 24 Days (or 24 Weeks!)
DoraHacks stretched the timeframe of hackathons, unlocking vastly greater potential. Instead of a frantic 24-hour dash, many DoraHacks-supported hackathons ran for several weeks or even months. This was a game-changer. Suddenly, teams had time to build serious prototypes, iterate, and polish their projects. A longer format meant hackathon projects could evolve beyond the rough demo stage. Hackers could sleep (occasionally!), incorporate user feedback, and transform a kernel of an idea into a working MVP. The extended duration blurred the line between a hackathon and an accelerator program – but with the open spirit of a hackathon intact. For example, DoraHacks hackathons for blockchain startups often ran 6–8 weeks, resulting in projects that attracted real users and investors by the end. The extra time turned hackathon toys into credible products. It was as if the hackathon grew up: less hack, more build (“BUIDL”). By shattering the 24-hour norm, DoraHacks made hackathons far more productive and impactful.
From Local Coffee Shops to Global Online Arenas
DoraHacks moved hackathons from physical spaces into the cloud, unleashing global participation. Pre-2020, a hackathon meant being in a specific place – say, a warehouse in San Francisco or a university lab – shoulder-to-shoulder with a local team. DoraHacks blew the doors off that model with online hackathons that anyone, anywhere could join. Suddenly, a developer in Nigeria could collaborate with a designer in Ukraine and a product thinker in Brazil, all in the same virtual hackathon. Geography ceased to be a limit. When DoraHacks hosted the Naija HackAtom for African blockchain devs, it drew over 500 participants (160+ developers) across Nigeria’s tech community [6]. In another event, thousands of hackers from dozens of countries logged into a DoraHacks virtual venue to ideate and compete. This global reach did more than increase headcount – it brought diverse perspectives and problems into the innovation mix. A fintech hackathon might see Latin American coders addressing remittances, or an AI hackathon see Asian and African participants applying machine learning to local healthcare challenges. By going online, hackathons became massively inclusive. DoraHacks effectively democratized access to innovation competitions: all you needed was an internet connection and the will to create. The result was a quantum leap in both the quantity and quality of ideas. No longer were hackathons an elitist sport; they became a global innovation free-for-all, open to talent from every corner of the world.
From Dozens of Participants to Tens of Thousands
Scale was another pillar of the DoraHacks revolution. Traditional hackathons were intimate affairs (dozens, maybe a few hundred participants at best). DoraHacks helped orchestrate hackathons an order of magnitude larger. We’re talking global hackathons with thousands of developers and multi-million dollar prize pools. For instance, in one 2021 online hackathon, nearly 7,000 participants submitted 550 projects for $5 million in prizes [7] – a scale unimaginable in the early 2010s. DoraHacks itself became a nexus for these mega-hackathons. The platform’s hackathons in the Web3 space routinely saw hundreds of teams competing for prizes sometimes exceeding $1 million. This scale wasn’t just vanity metrics; it meant a deeper talent bench attacking problems and a higher probability that truly exceptional projects would emerge. By casting a wide net, DoraHacks events captured star teams that might have been overlooked in smaller settings. The proof is in the outcomes: 216 builder teams were funded with over $5 million in one DoraHacks-powered hackathon series on BNB Chain [8] – yes, five million dollars, distributed to over two hundred teams as seed funding. That’s not a hackathon, that’s an economy! The prize pools ballooned from pizza money to serious capital, attracting top-tier talent who realized this hackathon could launch my startup. As a result, projects coming out of DoraHacks were not just weekend hacks – they were venture-ready endeavors. The hackathon graduated from a science fair to a global startup launchpad.
From Toy Projects to Real Startups (Even Unicorns)
Here’s the most thrilling part: DoraHacks hackathons started producing not just apps, but companies. And some of them turned into unicorns (companies valued at $1B+). We saw earlier the rare cases of pre-2020 hackathon successes like Carousell (a simple idea at a 2012 hackathon that became a $1.1B valued marketplace [2]) or EasyTaxi (born in a hackathon, later raising $75M and spanning 30 countries [2]). DoraHacks turbocharged this phenomenon. By providing more time, support, and follow-up funding, DoraHacks-enabled hackathons became cradles of innovation where raw hacks matured into fully-fledged ventures. Take 1inch Network for example – a decentralized finance aggregator that started as a hackathon project in 2019. Sergej Kunz and Anton Bukov built a prototype at a hackathon and kept iterating. Fast forward: 1inch has now processed over $400 billion in trading volume [9] and became one of the leading platforms in DeFi. Or consider the winners of DoraHacks Web3 hackathons: many have gone on to raise multimillion-dollar rounds from top VCs. Hackathons became the front door to the startup world – the place where founders made their debut. A striking illustration was the Solana Season Hackathons: projects like STEPN, a move-to-earn app, won a hackathon track in late 2021 and shortly after grew into a sensation with a multi-billion dollar token economy [10]. These are not isolated anecdotes; they represent a trend DoraHacks set in motion. The platform’s hackathons produced a pipeline of fundable, high-impact startups. In effect, DoraHacks blurred the line between a hackathon and a seed-stage incubator. The playful hacker ethos remained, but now the outcomes were much more than bragging rights – they were companies with real users, revenue, and valuations. To paraphrase investor Chris Dixon, DoraHacks took those “toys” and helped nurture them into the next big things [5].
In driving this first evolution of the hackathon, DoraHacks didn’t just improve on an existing model – it created an entirely new innovation ecosystem. Hackathons became high-frequency, global, and consequential. What used to be a weekend thrill became a continuous pipeline for innovation. DoraHacks events started churning out hundreds of viable projects every year, many of which secured follow-on funding. The platform provided not just the event itself, but the after-care: community support, mentorship, and links to investors and grants (through initiatives like DoraHacks’ grant programs and quadratic funding rounds).
By 2024, the results spoke volumes. DoraHacks had grown into the world’s most important hackathon platform – the beating heart of a global hacker movement spanning blockchain, AI, and beyond. The numbers tell the story. Over nine years, DoraHacks supported 4,000+ projects in securing more than $30 million in funding [11]; by 2025, that figure skyrocketed as 21,000+ startups and developer teams received over $80 million via DoraHacks-supported hackathons and grants [12]. This is not hype – this is recorded history. According to CoinDesk, “DoraHacks has made its mark as a global hackathon organizer and one of the world’s most active multi-chain Web3 developer platforms” [11]. Major tech ecosystems took notice. Over 40 public blockchain networks (L1s and L2s) – from Solana to Polygon to Avalanche – partnered with DoraHacks to run their hackathons and open innovation programs [13]. Blockworks reported that DoraHacks became a “core partner” to dozens of Web3 ecosystems, providing them access to a global pool of developers [13]. In the eyes of investors, DoraHacks itself was key infrastructure: “DoraHacks is key to advancing the development of the infrastructure for Web3,” noted one VC backing the platform [13].
In short, by 2024 DoraHacks had transformed the hackathon from a niche event into a global innovation engine. It proved that hackathons at scale can consistently produce real, fundable innovation – not just one-off gimmicks. It connected hackers with resources and turned isolated hacks into an evergreen, worldwide developer movement. This was Hackathons 2.0: bigger, longer, borderless, and far more impactful than ever before.
One might reasonably ask: Can it get any better than this? DoraHacks had seemingly cracked the code to harness hacker energy for lasting innovation. But the team behind DoraHacks wasn’t done. In fact, they were about to unveil something even more radical – a catalyst to push hackathons into a new epoch entirely. If DoraHacks 1.0 was the evolution, what came next would be a revolution.
The Agentic Hackathon: BUIDL AI and the Second Revolution
In 2024, DoraHacks introduced BUIDL AI, and with it, the concept of the Agentic Hackathon. If hackathons at their inception were analog phones, and DoraHacks 1.0 made them smartphones, then BUIDL AI is like giving hackathons an AI co-pilot – a self-driving mode. It’s not merely an incremental improvement; it’s a second revolution. BUIDL AI infused hackathons with artificial intelligence, automation, and agency (hence “agentic”), fundamentally changing how these events are organized and experienced. We are now entering the Age of Agentic Innovation, where hackathons run with the assistance of AI agents can occur with unprecedented frequency, efficiency, and intelligence.
So, what exactly is an Agentic Hackathon? It’s a hackathon where AI-driven agents augment the entire process – from planning and judging to participant support – enabling a scale and speed of innovation that was impossible before. In an agentic hackathon, AI is the tireless co-organizer working alongside humans. Routine tasks that used to bog down organizers are now handled by intelligent algorithms. Imagine hackathons that practically run themselves, continuously, like an “always-on” tournament of ideas. With BUIDL AI, DoraHacks effectively created self-driving hackathons – autonomous, efficient, and capable of operating 24/7, across multiple domains, simultaneously. This isn’t science fiction; it’s happening now. Let’s break down how BUIDL AI works and why it 10x’d hackathon efficiency overnight:
AI-Powered Judging and Project Review – 10× Efficiency Boost
One of the most labor-intensive aspects of big hackathons is judging hundreds of project submissions. It can take organizers weeks of effort to sift the high-potential projects from the rest. BUIDL AI changes that. It comes with a BUIDL Review module – an AI-driven judging system that can intelligently evaluate hackathon projects on multiple dimensions (completeness, originality, relevance to the hackathon theme, etc.) and automatically filter out low-quality submissions [14]. It’s like having an army of expert reviewers available instantly. The result? What used to require hundreds of human-hours now happens in a flash. DoraHacks reports that AI-assisted review has improved hackathon organization efficiency by more than 10× [14]. Think about that: a process that might have taken a month of tedious work can be done in a few days or less, with AI ensuring consistency and fairness in scoring. Organizers can now handle massive hackathons without drowning in paperwork, and participants get quicker feedback. The AI doesn’t replace human judges entirely – final decisions still involve experts – but it augments them, doing the heavy lifting of initial evaluation. This means hackathons can accept more submissions, confident that AI will help triage them. No more cutting off sign-ups because “we can’t review them all.” The machine scale is here. In an agentic hackathon, no good project goes unseen due to bandwidth constraints – the AI makes sure of that.
Automated Marketing and Storytelling
Winning a hackathon is great, but if nobody hears about it, the impact is muted. Traditionally, after a hackathon ended, organizers would manually compile results, write blog posts, thank sponsors – tasks that, while important, take time and often get delayed. BUIDL AI changes this too. It features an Automated Marketing capability that can generate post-hackathon reports and content with a click [14]. Imagine an AI that observes the entire event (the projects submitted, the winners, the tech trends) and then writes a polished summary: highlighting the best ideas, profiling the winning teams, extracting insights (“60% of projects used AI in healthcare this hackathon”). BUIDL AI does exactly that – it automatically produces a hackathon “highlight reel” and summary report [14]. This not only saves organizers the headache of writing marketing copy, but it also amplifies the hackathon’s reach. Within hours of an event, a rich recap can be shared globally, showcasing the innovations and attracting attention to the teams. Sponsors and partners love this, as their investment gets publicized promptly. Participants love it because their work is immediately celebrated and visible. In essence, every hackathon tells a story, and BUIDL AI ensures that story spreads far and wide – instantly. This kind of automated storytelling turns each hackathon into ongoing content, fueling interest and momentum for the next events. It’s a virtuous cycle: hackathons create innovations, AI packages the narrative, that narrative draws in more innovators.
One-Click Launch and Multi-Hackathon Management
Perhaps the most liberating feature of BUIDL AI is how it obliterates the logistical hurdles of organizing hackathons. Before, setting up a hackathon was itself a project – coordinating registrations, judges, prizes, communications, all manually configured. DoraHacks’ BUIDL AI introduces a one-click hackathon launch tool [14]. Organizers simply input the basics (theme, prize pool, dates, some judging criteria) and the platform auto-generates the event page, submission portal, judging workflow, and more. It’s as easy as posting a blog. This dramatically lowers the barrier for communities and companies to host hackathons. A small startup or a university club can now launch a serious global hackathon without a dedicated team of event planners. Furthermore, BUIDL AI supports Multi-Hackathon Management, meaning one organization can run multiple hackathons in parallel with ease [14]. In the past, even tech giants struggled to overlap hackathons – it was too resource-intensive. Now, an ecosystem could run, say, a DeFi hackathon, an AI hackathon, and an IoT hackathon all at once, with a lean team, because AI is doing the juggling in the back-end. The launch of BUIDL AI made it feasible to organize 12 hackathons a year – or even several at the same time – something unimaginable before [14]. The platform handles participant onboarding, sends reminders, answers common queries via chatbots, and keeps everything on track. In essence, BUIDL AI turns hackathon hosting into a scalable service. Just as cloud computing platforms let you spin up servers on demand, DoraHacks lets you spin up innovation events on demand. This is a tectonic shift: hackathons can now happen as frequently as needed, not as occasionally as resources allow. We’re talking about the birth of perpetual hackathon culture. Hackathons are no longer rare spark events; they can be continuous flames, always burning, always on.
Real-Time Mentor and Agentic Assistance
The “agentic” part of Agentic Hackathons isn’t only behind the scenes. It also touches the participant experience. With AI integration, hackers get smarter tools and support. For instance, BUIDL AI can include AI assistants that answer developers’ questions during the event (“How do I use this API?” or “Any example code for this algorithm?”), acting like on-demand mentors. It can match teams with potential collaborators or suggest resources. Essentially, every hacker has an AI helper at their side, reducing frustration and accelerating progress. Coding issues that might take hours to debug can be resolved in minutes with an AI pair programmer. This means project quality goes up and participants learn more. It’s as if each team has an extra member – an tireless, all-knowing one. This agentic assistance embodies the vision that “everyone is a hacker” [14] – because AI tools enable even less-experienced participants to build something impressive. The popularization of AI has automated repetitive grunt work and amplified what small teams can achieve [14], so the innovation potential of hackathons is far greater than before [14]. In an agentic hackathon, a team of two people with AI assistants can accomplish what a team of five might have in years past. The playing field is leveled and the creative ceiling is raised.
What do all these advances add up to? Simply this: Hackathons have evolved from occasional bouts of inspiration into a continuous, AI-optimized process of innovation. We have gone from Hackathons 2.0 to Hackathons 3.0 – hackathons that are autonomous, persistent, and intelligent. It’s a paradigm shift. The hackathon is no longer an event you attend; it’s becoming an environment you live in. With BUIDL AI, DoraHacks envisions a world where “Hackathons will enter an unprecedented era of automation and intelligence, allowing more hackers, developers, and open-source communities around the world to easily initiate and participate” [14]. Innovation can happen anytime, anywhere – because the infrastructure to support it runs 24/7 in the cloud, powered by AI. The hackathon has become an agentic platform, always ready to transform ideas into reality.
Crucially, this isn’t limited to blockchain or any single field. BUIDL AI is general-purpose. It is as relevant for an AI-focused hackathon as for a climate-tech or healthcare hackathon. Any domain can plug into this agentic hackathon platform and reap the benefits of higher frequency and efficiency. This heralds a future where hackathons become the default mode for problem-solving. Instead of committees and R&D departments working in silos, companies and communities can throw problems into the hackathon arena – an arena that is always active. It’s like having a global innovation engine humming in the background, ready to tackle challenges at a moment’s notice.
To put it vividly: If DoraHacks 1.0 turned hackathons into a high-speed car, DoraHacks 2.0 with BUIDL AI made it a self-driving car with the pedal to the metal. The roadblocks of cost, complexity, and time – gone. Now, any organization can accelerate from 0 to 60 on the innovation highway without a pit stop. Hackathons can be as frequent as blog updates, as integrated into operations as sprint demos. Innovation on demand, at scale – that’s the power of the Agentic Hackathon.
Innovation On-Demand: How Agentic Hackathons Benefit Everyone
The advent of agentic hackathons isn’t just a cool new toy for the tech community – it’s a transformative tool for businesses, developers, and entire industries. We’re entering an era where anyone with a vision can harness hackathons-as-a-service to drive innovation. Here’s how different players stand to gain from this revolution:
AI Companies – Turbocharging Ecosystem Growth
For AI-focused companies (think OpenAI, Google, Microsoft, Stability AI and the like), hackathons are goldmines of creative uses for their technology. Now, with agentic hackathons, an AI company can essentially run a continuous developer conference for their platform. For example, OpenAI can host always-on hackathons for building applications with GPT-4 or DALL-E. This means thousands of developers constantly experimenting and showcasing what the AI can do – effectively crowdsourcing innovation and killer apps for the AI platform. The benefit? It dramatically expands the company’s ecosystem and user base. New use cases emerge that the company’s own team might never have imagined. (It was independent hackers who first showed how GPT-3 could draft legal contracts or generate game levels – insights that came from hackathons and community contests.) With BUIDL AI, an AI company could spin up monthly hackathons with one click, each focusing on a different aspect (one month NLP, next month robotics, etc.). This is a marketing and R&D force multiplier. Instead of traditional, expensive developer evangelism tours, the AI does the heavy lifting to engage devs globally. The company’s product gets improved and promoted at the same time. In essence, every AI company can now launch a Hackathon League to promote their APIs/models. It’s no coincidence Coinbase just hosted its first AI hackathon to bridge crypto and AI [15] – they know that to seed adoption of a new paradigm, hackathons are the way. Expect every AI platform to do the same: continuous hackathons to educate developers, generate content (demos, tutorials), and identify standout talent to hire or fund. It’s community-building on steroids.
L1s/L2s and Tech Platforms – Discovering the Next Unicorns
For blockchain Layer1/Layer2 ecosystems, or any tech platform (cloud providers, VR platforms, etc.), hackathons are the new deal flow. In the Web3 world, it’s widely recognized that many of the best projects and protocols are born in hackathons. We saw how 1inch started as a hackathon project and became a DeFi unicorn [9]. There’s also Polygon (which aggressively runs hackathons to find novel dApps for its chain) and Filecoin (which used hackathons to surface storage applications). By using DoraHacks and BUIDL AI, these platforms can now run high-frequency hackathons to continuously source innovation. Instead of one or two big events a year, they can have a rolling program – a quarterly hackathon series or even simultaneous global challenges – to keep developers building all the time. The ROI is huge: the cost of running a hackathon (even with decent prizes) is trivial compared to acquiring a thriving new startup or protocol for your ecosystem. Hackathons effectively outsource initial R&D to passionate outsiders, and the best ideas bubble up. Solana’s hackathons led to star projects like Phantom and Solend gaining traction in its ecosystem. Facebook’s internal hackathons gave birth to features that kept the platform dominant [1]. Now any platform can do this externally: use hackathons as a radar for talent and innovation. Thanks to BUIDL AI, a Layer-2 blockchain, even if its core team is small, can manage a dozen parallel bounties and hackathons – one focusing on DeFi, one on NFTs, one on gaming, etc. The AI will help review submissions and manage community questions, so the platform’s devrel team doesn’t burn out. The result is an innovation pipeline feeding the platform’s growth. The next unicorn startup or killer app is identified early and supported. In effect, hackathons become the new startup funnel for VCs and ecosystems. We can expect venture investors to lurk in these agentic hackathons because that’s where the action is – the garages of the future are now cloud hackathon rooms. As Paul Graham wrote, “hackers and painters are both makers” [16], and these makers will paint the future of technology on the canvas of hackathon platforms.
Every Company and Community – Innovation as a Continuous Process
Perhaps the most profound impact of BUIDL AI is that it opens up hackathons to every organization, not just tech companies. Any company that wants to foster innovation – be it a bank exploring fintech, a hospital network seeking healthtech solutions, or a government looking for civic tech ideas – can leverage agentic hackathons. Innovation is no longer a privilege of the giant tech firms; it’s a cloud service accessible to all. For example, a city government could host a year-round hackathon for smart city solutions, where local developers continuously propose and build projects to improve urban life. The BUIDL AI platform could manage different “tracks” for transportation, energy, public safety, etc., with monthly rewards for top ideas. This would engage the community and yield a constant stream of pilot projects, far more dynamically than traditional RFP processes. Likewise, any Fortune 500 company that fears disruption (and who doesn’t?) can use hackathons to disrupt itself positively – inviting outsiders and employees to hack on the company’s own challenges. With the agentic model, even non-technical companies can do this without a hitch; the AI will guide the process, ensuring things run smoothly. Imagine hackathons as part of every corporate strategy department’s toolkit – continuously prototyping the future. As Marc Andreessen famously said, “software is eating the world” – and now every company can have a seat at the table by hosting hackathons to software-ize their business problems. This could democratize innovation across industries. The barrier to trying out bold ideas is so low (a weekend of a hackathon vs. months of corporate planning) that more wild, potentially disruptive ideas will surface from within companies. And with the global reach of DoraHacks, they can bring in external innovators too. Why shouldn’t a retail company crowdsource AR shopping ideas from global hackers? Why shouldn’t a pharma company run bioinformatics hackathons to find new ways to analyze data? There is no reason not to – the agentic hackathon makes it feasible and attractive. Hackathon-as-a-service is the new innovation department. Use it or risk being out-innovated by those who do.
All these benefits boil down to a simple but profound shift: hackathons are becoming a permanent feature of the innovation landscape, rather than a novelty. They are turning into an always-available resource, much like cloud computing or broadband internet. Need fresh ideas or prototypes? Spin up a hackathon and let the global talent pool tackle it. Want to engage your developer community? Launch a themed hackathon and give them a stage. Want to test out 10 different approaches to a problem? Run a hackathon and see what rises to the top. We’re effectively seeing the realization of what one might call the Innovation Commons – a space where problems and ideas are continuously matched, and solutions are rapidly iterated. And AI is the enabler that keeps this commons humming efficiently, without exhausting the human facilitators.
It’s striking how this addresses the classic pitfalls identified in hackathon critiques: sustainability and follow-through. In the agentic model, hackathons are no longer isolated bursts. They can connect to each other (winning teams from one hackathon can enter an accelerator or another hackathon next month). BUIDL AI can track teams and help link them with funding opportunities, closing the loop that used to leave projects orphaned after the event. A great project doesn’t die on Sunday night; it’s funneled into the next stage automatically (perhaps an AI even suggests which grant to apply for, which partner to talk to). This way, innovations have a life beyond the demo day, systematically.
We should also recognize a more philosophical benefit: the culture of innovation becomes more experimental, meritocratic, and fast-paced. In a world of agentic hackathons, the motto is “Why not prototype it? Why not try it now?” – because spinning up the environment to do so is quick and cheap. This mindset can permeate organizations and communities, making them more agile and bold. The cost of failure is low (a few weeks of effort), and the potential upside is enormous (finding the next big breakthrough). It creates a safe sandbox for disruptive ideas – addressing the Innovator’s Dilemma by structurally giving space to those ‘toy’ ideas to prove themselves [5]. Companies no longer have to choose between core business and experimentation; they can allocate a continuous hackathon track to the latter. In effect, DoraHacks and BUIDL AI have built an innovation factory – one that any visionary leader can rent for the weekend (or the whole year).
From Like Button to Liftoff: Hackathons as the Cradle of Innovation
To truly appreciate this new era, it’s worth reflecting on how many game-changing innovations started as hackathon projects or hackathon-like experiments – often despite the old constraints – and how much more we can expect when those constraints are removed. History is full of examples that validate the hackathon model of innovation:
Facebook’s DNA was shaped by hackathons
Mark Zuckerberg himself has credited the company’s internal hackathons for some of Facebook’s most important features. The Like button, Facebook Chat, and Timeline all famously emerged from engineers pulling all-nighters at hackathons [1]. An intern’s hackathon prototype for tagging people in comments was shipped to a billion users just two weeks later [1]. Facebook’s ethos “Move fast and break things” was practically the hackathon ethos formalized. It is no stretch to say Facebook won over MySpace in the 2000s because its culture of rapid innovation (fueled by hackathons) let it out-innovate its rival [1]. If hackathons did that within one company, imagine a worldwide network of hackathons – the pace of innovation everywhere could resemble that hypergrowth.
Google and the 20% Project
Google has long encouraged employees to spend 20% of time on side projects, which is a cousin of the hackathon idea – unstructured exploration. Gmail and Google News were born this way. Additionally, Google has hosted public hackathons around its APIs (like Android hackathons) that spurred the creation of countless apps. The point is, Google institutionalized hacker-style experimentation and reaped huge rewards. With agentic hackathons, even companies without Google’s resources can institutionalize experimentation. Every weekend can be a 20% time for the world’s devs using these platforms.
Open Source Movements
Open Source Movements have benefitted from hackathons (“code sprints”) to develop critical software. The entire OpenBSD operating system had regular hackathons that were essential to its development [3]. In more recent times, projects like Node.js or TensorFlow have organized hackathons to build libraries and tools. The result: stronger ecosystems and engaged contributors. DoraHacks embraces this, positioning itself as “the leading global hackathon community and open source developer incentive platform” [17]. The synergy of open source and hackathons (both decentralized, community-driven, merit-based) is a powerful engine. We can foresee open source projects launching always-on hackathons via BUIDL AI to continuously fix bugs, add features, and reward contributors. This could rejuvenate the open source world by providing incentives (through hackathon prizes) and recognition in a structured way.
The Startup World
The Startup World has hackathons to thank for many startups. We’ve mentioned Carousell (from a Startup Weekend hackathon, now valued over $1B [2]) and EasyTaxi (Startup Weekend Rio, went on to raise $75M [2]). Add to that list Zapier (integrations startup, conceived at a hackathon), GroupMe (acquired by Skype as noted), Instacart (an early version won a hackathon at Y Combinator Demo Day, legend has it), and numerous crypto startups (the founders of Ethereum itself met and collaborated through hackathons and Bitcoin meetups!). When Coinbase wants to find the next big thing in on-chain AI, they host a hackathon [15]. When Stripe wanted more apps on its payments platform, it ran hackathons and distributed bounties. This model just works. It identifies passionate builders and gives them a springboard. With agentic hackathons, that springboard is super-sized. It’s always there, and it can catch far more people. The funnel widens, so expect even more startups to originate from hackathons. It’s quite plausible that the biggest company of the 2030s won’t be founded in a garage – it will be born out of an online hackathon, formed by a team that met in a Discord server, guided by an AI facilitator, and funded within weeks on a platform like DoraHacks. In other words, the garage is going global and AI-powered.
Hackers & Painters – The Creative Connection
Paul Graham, in Hackers & Painters, drew an analogy between hacking and painting as creative endeavors [16]. Hackathons are where that creative energy concentrates and explodes. Many great programmers will tell you their most inspired work happened in a hackathon or skunkworks setting – free of bureaucratic restraints, in a flow state of creation. By scaling and multiplying hackathons, we are effectively amplifying the global creative capacity. We might recall the Renaissance when artists and inventors thrived under patronage and in gatherings – hackathons are the modern Renaissance workshops. They combine art, science, and enterprise. The likes of Leonardo da Vinci would have been right at home in a hackathon (he was notorious for prototyping like a madman). In fact, consider how hackathons embody the solution to the Innovator’s Dilemma: they encourage working on projects that seem small or “not worth it” to incumbents, which is exactly where disruptive innovation often hides [5]. By institutionalizing hackathons, DoraHacks is institutionalizing disruption – making sure the next Netflix or Airbnb isn’t missed because someone shrugged it off as a toy.
We’ve gone from a time when hackathons were rare and local to a time when they are global and constant. This is a pivotal change in the innovation infrastructure of the world. In the 19th century, we built railroads and telegraphs that accelerated the Industrial Revolution, connecting markets and minds. In the 20th century, we built the internet and the World Wide Web, unleashing the Information Revolution. Now, in the 21st century, DoraHacks and BUIDL AI are building the “Innovation Highway” – a persistent, AI-enabled network connecting problem-solvers to problems, talent to opportunities, capital to ideas, across the entire globe, in real time. It’s an infrastructure for innovation itself.
A Grand Vision: The New Infrastructure of Global Innovation
We stand at an inflection point. With DoraHacks and the advent of agentic hackathons, innovation is no longer confined to ivory labs, Silicon Valley offices, or once-a-year events. It is becoming a continuous global activity – an arena where the best minds and the boldest ideas meet, anytime, anywhere. This is a future where innovation is as ubiquitous as Wi-Fi and as relentless as Moore’s Law. It’s a future DoraHacks is actively building, and the implications are profound.
Picture a world a few years from now, where DoraHacks+BUIDL AI is the default backbone for innovation programs across industries. This platform is buzzing 24/7 with hackathons on everything from AI-driven healthcare to climate-change mitigation to new frontiers of art and entertainment. It’s not just for coders – designers, entrepreneurs, scientists, anyone with creative impulse plugs into this network. An entrepreneur in London has a business idea at 2 AM; by 2:15 AM, she’s on DoraHacks launching a 48-hour hackathon to prototype it, with AI coordinating a team of collaborators from four different continents. Sounds crazy? It will be commonplace. A government in Asia faces a sudden environmental crisis; they host an urgent hackathon via BUIDL AI and within days have dozens of actionable tech solutions from around the world. A venture fund in New York essentially “outsources” part of its research to the hackathon cloud – instead of merely requesting pitch decks, they sponsor open hackathons to see real prototypes first. This is agentic innovation in action – fast, borderless, and intelligent.
In this coming era, DoraHacks will be as fundamental to innovation as GitHub is to code or as AWS is to startups. It’s the platform where innovation lives. One might even call it the “GitHub of Innovation” – a social and technical layer where projects are born, not just stored. Already, DoraHacks calls itself “the global hacker movement” [17], and with BUIDL AI it becomes the autopilot of that movement. It’s fitting to think of it as part of the global public infrastructure for innovation. Just as highways move goods and the internet moves information, DoraHacks moves innovation itself – carrying ideas from inception to implementation at high speed.
When history looks back at the 2020s, the arrival of continuous, AI-driven hackathons will be seen as a key development in how humanity innovates. The vision is grand, but very tangible: Innovation becomes an everlasting hackathon. Think of it – the hacker ethos spreading into every corner of society, an eternal challenge to the status quo, constantly asking “How can we improve this? How can we reinvent that?” and immediately rallying the talent to do it. This is not chaos; it’s a new form of organized, decentralized R&D. It’s a world where any bold question – “Can we cure this disease? Can we educate children better? Can we make cities sustainable?” – can trigger a global hackathon and yield answers in days or weeks, not years. A world where innovation isn’t a scarce resource, jealously guarded by few, but a common good, an open tournament where the best solution wins, whether it comes from a Stanford PhD or a self-taught coder in Lagos.
If this sounds idealistic, consider how far we’ve come: Hackathons went from obscure coder meetups to the engine behind billion-dollar businesses and critical global tech (Bitcoin itself is a product of hacker culture!). With DoraHacks’s growth and BUIDL AI’s leap, the trajectory is set for hackathons to become continuous and ubiquitous. The technology and model are in place. It’s now about execution and adoption. And the trend is already accelerating – more companies are embracing open innovation, more developers are working remotely and participating in online communities, and AI is rapidly advancing as a co-pilot in all creative endeavors.
DoraHacks finds itself at the center of this transformation. It has the first-mover advantage, the community, and the vision. The company’s ethos is telling: “Funding the everlasting hacker movement” is one of their slogans [18]. They see hackathons as not just events but a movement that must be everlasting – a permanent revolution of the mind. With BUIDL AI, DoraHacks is providing the engine to make it everlasting. This hints at a future where DoraHacks+BUIDL AI is part of the critical infrastructure of global innovation, akin to a utility. It’s the innovation grid, and when you plug into it, magic happens.
Marc Andreessen’s writings often speak about “building a better future” with almost manifest destiny fervor. In that spirit, one can boldly assert: Agentic hackathons will build our future, faster and better. They will accelerate solutions to humanity’s toughest challenges by tapping a broader talent pool and iterating faster than ever. They will empower individuals – giving every creative mind on the planet the tools, community, and opportunity to make a real impact, immediately, not someday. This is deeply democratizing. It resonates with the ethos of the early internet – permissionless innovation. DoraHacks is bringing that ethos to structured innovation events and stretching them into an ongoing fabric.
In conclusion, we are witnessing a paradigm shift: Hackathons reinvented, innovation unchained. The limitations of the old model are gone, replaced by a new paradigm where hackathons are high-frequency, AI-augmented, and outcome-oriented. DoraHacks led this charge in the 2020–2024 period, and with BUIDL AI, it’s launching the next chapter – the Age of Agentic Innovation. For investors and visionaries, this is a call to action. We often talk about investing in “infrastructure” – well, this is investing in the infrastructure of innovation itself. Backing DoraHacks and its mission is akin to backing the builders of a transcontinental railroad or an interstate highway, except this time the cargo is ideas and breakthroughs. The network effects are enormous: every additional hackathon and participant adds value to the whole ecosystem, in a compounding way. It’s a positive-sum game of innovation. And DoraHacks is poised to be the platform and the community that captures and delivers that value globally.
DoraHacks reinvented hackathons – it turned hackathons from sporadic stunts into a sustained methodology for innovation. In doing so, it has thrown open the gates to an era where innovation can be agentic: self-driving, self-organizing, and ceaseless. We are at the dawn of this new age. It’s an age where, indeed, “he who has the developers has the world” [14] – and DoraHacks is making sure that every developer, every hacker, every dreamer anywhere can contribute to shaping our collective future. The grand vista ahead is one of continuous invention and discovery, powered by a global hive mind of hackers and guided by AI. DoraHacks and BUIDL AI stand at the helm of this movement, as the architects of the “innovation rails” on which we’ll ride. It’s not just a platform, it’s a revolutionary infrastructure – the new railroad, the new highway system for ideas. Buckle up, because with DoraHacks driving, the age of agentic innovation has arrived, and the future is hurtling toward us at hackathon speed. The hackathon never ends – and that is how we will invent a better world.
References
[1] Vocoli. (2015). Facebook’s Secret Sauce: The Hackathon. https://www.vocoli.com/blog/june-2015/facebook-s-secret-sauce-the-hackathon/
[2] Analytics India Magazine. (2023). Borne Out Of Hackathons. https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-trends/borne-out-of-hackathons/
[3] Wikipedia. (n.d.). Hackathon: Origin and History. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackathon#Origin_and_history
[4] LinkedIn. (2024). This year marked my third annual participation in Microsoft’s Global…. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/clare-ashforth_this-year-marked-my-third-annual-participation-activity-7247636808119775233-yev-
[5] Glasp. (n.d.). Chris Dixon’s Quotes. https://glasp.co/quotes/chris-dixon
[6] ODaily. (2024). Naija HackAtom Hackathon Recap. https://www.odaily.news/en/post/5203212
[7] Solana. (2021). Meet the winners of the Riptide hackathon - Solana. https://solana.com/news/riptide-hackathon-winners-solana
[8] DoraHacks. (n.d.). BNB Grant DAO - DoraHacks. https://dorahacks.io/bnb
[9] Cointelegraph. (2021). From Hackathon Project to DeFi Powerhouse: AMA with 1inch Network. https://cointelegraph.com/news/from-hackathon-project-to-defi-powerhouse-ama-with-1inch-network
[10] Gemini. (2022). How Does STEPN Work? GST and GMT Token Rewards. https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/stepn-nft-sneakers-gmt-token-gst-crypto-move-to-earn-m2e
[11] CoinDesk. (2022). Inside DoraHacks: The Open Source Bazaar Empowering Web3 Innovations. https://www.coindesk.com/sponsored-content/inside-dorahacks-the-open-source-bazaar-empowering-web3-innovations
[12] LinkedIn. (n.d.). DoraHacks. https://www.linkedin.com/company/dorahacks
[13] Blockworks. (2022). Web3 Hackathon Incubator DoraHacks Nabs $20M From FTX, Liberty City. https://blockworks.co/news/web3-hackathon-incubator-dorahacks-nabs-20m-from-ftx-liberty-city
[14] Followin. (2024). BUIDL AI: The future of Hackathon, a new engine for global open source technology. https://followin.io/en/feed/16892627
[15] Coinbase. (2024). Coinbase Hosts Its First AI Hackathon: Bringing the San Francisco Developer Community Onchain. https://www.coinbase.com/developer-platform/discover/launches/Coinbase-AI-hackathon
[16] Graham, P. (2004). Hackers & Painters. https://ics.uci.edu/~pattis/common/handouts/hackerspainters.pdf
[17] Himalayas. (n.d.). DoraHacks hiring Research Engineer – BUIDL AI. https://himalayas.app/companies/dorahacks/jobs/research-engineer-buidl-ai
[18] X. (n.d.). DoraHacks. https://x.com/dorahacks?lang=en -
@ db98cbce:ada53287
2025-04-26 04:41:51
Trong thời đại công nghệ không ngừng phát triển, việc tìm kiếm một nền tảng trực tuyến đáng tin cậy, thân thiện với người dùng và mang lại trải nghiệm phong phú là điều không hề dễ dàng. NH88 nổi bật lên như một điểm đến lý tưởng, nơi kết hợp hoàn hảo giữa giao diện hiện đại, tính năng thông minh và khả năng vận hành mượt mà trên mọi thiết bị. Người dùng đến với NH88 không chỉ đơn giản để giải trí mà còn để tận hưởng một hành trình kỹ thuật số đầy màu sắc, nơi mà mỗi thao tác đều mang lại cảm giác mới mẻ và chuyên nghiệp. Với thiết kế tối ưu và tốc độ phản hồi nhanh chóng, NH88 giúp người dùng dễ dàng tiếp cận các chức năng và nội dung hấp dẫn mọi lúc, mọi nơi. Sự linh hoạt trong khả năng tương thích với điện thoại di động, máy tính bảng và máy tính để bàn mang đến sự tiện lợi tối đa cho người dùng hiện đại, những người luôn đòi hỏi sự tiện dụng và tốc độ trong từng trải nghiệm.
Bên cạnh thiết kế thân thiện, NH88 còn chú trọng đến yếu tố tương tác và khả năng cá nhân hóa trải nghiệm người dùng. Mỗi tài khoản đều được thiết lập để phù hợp với sở thích riêng, cho phép người dùng dễ dàng điều chỉnh và chọn lựa cách tiếp cận phù hợp với phong cách của mình. Tính năng thông minh giúp ghi nhớ lịch sử hoạt động và sở thích của người dùng, từ đó gợi ý nội dung phù hợp, giúp tiết kiệm thời gian và nâng cao mức độ hài lòng. Hệ thống hoạt động ổn định kể cả vào những khung giờ cao điểm, đảm bảo mọi trải nghiệm đều trơn tru và không bị gián đoạn. NH88 còn sở hữu một đội ngũ hỗ trợ chuyên nghiệp, sẵn sàng giải đáp mọi thắc mắc và xử lý yêu cầu nhanh chóng, tạo cảm giác an tâm tuyệt đối cho người dùng. Điều này không chỉ làm tăng sự tin tưởng mà còn góp phần tạo nên một cộng đồng trực tuyến gắn kết, năng động và tương tác cao. NH88 không ngừng cập nhật và cải tiến để bắt kịp xu hướng công nghệ mới, đảm bảo người dùng luôn được trải nghiệm những gì hiện đại và tiên tiến nhất.
Điều làm nên sự khác biệt rõ rệt của NH88 chính là triết lý lấy người dùng làm trung tâm. Nền tảng này không ngừng lắng nghe và tiếp thu phản hồi từ cộng đồng để cải thiện chất lượng dịch vụ và tối ưu hóa từng chi tiết trong giao diện và chức năng. Sự kết hợp giữa yếu tố giải trí, tư duy chiến lược và khả năng kết nối cộng đồng giúp NH88 trở thành lựa chọn hàng đầu cho những ai đang tìm kiếm một không gian trực tuyến vừa thú vị, vừa chất lượng. Tại đây, người dùng không chỉ được thư giãn mà còn được thử thách bản thân thông qua những hoạt động đòi hỏi sự nhanh nhạy và chính xác. Sự đa dạng trong các hoạt động và nội dung giúp mọi người dù ở độ tuổi hay lĩnh vực nào cũng dễ dàng tìm thấy niềm vui và giá trị riêng khi tham gia. Với tinh thần đổi mới không ngừng và cam kết mang lại trải nghiệm toàn diện, NH88 không chỉ là một nền tảng kỹ thuật số thông thường mà đã trở thành người bạn đồng hành đáng tin cậy của hàng ngàn người dùng trên khắp khu vực. Đó là nơi công nghệ hiện đại hòa quyện cùng nhu cầu thực tế, tạo nên một thế giới số đầy hứng khởi và sáng tạo.
-
@ d34e832d:383f78d0
2025-04-26 04:24:13
A Secure, Compact, and Cost-Effective Offline Key Management System
1. Idea
This idea presents a cryptographic key generation appliance built on the Nookbox G9, a compact 1U mini NAS solution. Designed to be a dedicated air-gapped or offline-first device, this system enables the secure generation and handling of RSA, ECDSA, and Ed25519 key pairs. By leveraging the Nookbox G9's small form factor, NVMe storage, and Linux compatibility, we outline a practical method for individuals and organizations to deploy secure, reproducible, and auditable cryptographic processes without relying on cloud or always-connected environments.
2. Minimization Of Trust
In an era where cryptographic operations underpin everything from Bitcoin transactions to secure messaging, generating keys in a trust-minimized environment is critical. Cloud-based solutions or general-purpose desktops expose key material to increased risk. This project defines a dedicated hardware appliance for cryptographic key generation using Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and a tightly scoped threat model.
3. Hardware Overview: Nookbox G9
| Feature | Specification | |-----------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | Form Factor | 1U Mini NAS | | Storage Capacity | Up to 8TB via 4 × 2TB M.2 NVMe SSDs | | PCIe Interface | Each M.2 slot uses PCIe Gen 3x2 | | Networking | Dual 2.5 Gigabit Ethernet | | Cooling | Passive cooling (requires modification for load) | | Operating System | Windows 11 pre-installed; compatible with Linux |
This hardware is chosen for its compact size, multiple SSD support, and efficient power consumption (~11W idle on Linux). It fits easily into a secure rack cabinet and can run entirely offline.
4. System Configuration
4.1 OS & Software Stack
We recommend wiping Windows and installing:
- OS: Ubuntu 24.10 LTS or Debian 12
- Key Tools:
gnupg(for GPG, RSA, and ECC)ageorrage(for modern encryption)openssl(general-purpose cryptographic tool)ssh-keygen(for Ed25519 or RSA SSH keys)vault(optional: HashiCorp Vault for managing key secrets)pwgen/diceware(for secure passphrase generation)
4.2 Storage Layout
- Drive 1 (System): Ubuntu 24.10 with encrypted LUKS partition
- Drive 2 (Key Store): Encrypted Veracrypt volume for keys and secrets
- Drive 3 (Backup): Offline encrypted backup (mirrored or rotated)
- Drive 4 (Logs & Audit): System logs, GPG public keyring, transparency records
5. Security Principles
- Air-Gapping: Device operates disconnected from the internet during key generation.
- FOSS Only: All software used is open-source and auditable.
- No TPM/Closed Firmware Dependencies: BIOS settings disable Intel ME, TPM, and Secure Boot.
- Tamper Evidence: Physical access logs and optional USB kill switch setup.
- Transparency: Generation scripts stored on device, along with SHA256 of all outputs.
6. Workflow: Generating Keypairs
Example: Generating an Ed25519 GPG Key
```bash gpg --full-generate-key
Choose ECC > Curve: Ed25519
Set expiration, user ID, passphrase
```
Backup public and private keys:
bash gpg --armor --export-secret-keys [keyID] > private.asc gpg --armor --export [keyID] > public.asc sha256sum *.asc > hashes.txtStore on encrypted volume and create a printed copy (QR or hex dump) for physical backup.
7. Performance Notes
While limited to PCIe Gen 3x2 (approx. 1.6 GB/s per slot), the speed is more than sufficient for key generation workloads. The bottleneck is not IO-bound but entropy-limited and CPU-bound. In benchmarks:
- RSA 4096 generation: ~2–3 seconds
- Ed25519 generation: <1 second
- ZFS RAID-Z writes (if used): ~250MB/s due to 2.5Gbps NIC ceiling
Thermal throttling may occur under extended loads without cooling mods. A third-party aluminum heatsink resolves this.
8. Use Cases
- Bitcoin Cold Storage (xprv/xpub, seed phrases)
- SSH Key Infrastructure (Ed25519 key signing for orgs)
- PGP Trust Anchor (for a Web of Trust or private PKI)
- Certificate Authority (offline root key handling)
- Digital Notary Service (hash-based time-stamping)
9. Recommendations & Improvements
| Area | Improvement | |-------------|--------------------------------------| | Cooling | Add copper heatsinks + airflow mod | | Power | Use UPS + power filter for stability | | Boot | Use full-disk encryption with Yubikey unlock | | Expansion | Use one SSD for keybase-style append-only logs | | Chassis | Install into a tamper-evident case with RFID tracking |
10. Consider
The Nookbox G9 offers a compact, energy-efficient platform for creating a secure cryptographic key generation appliance. With minor thermal enhancements and a strict FOSS policy, it becomes a reliable workstation for cryptographers, developers, and Bitcoin self-custodians. Its support for multiple encrypted SSDs, air-gapped operation, and Linux flexibility make it a modern alternative to enterprise HSMs—without the cost or vendor lock-in.
A. Key Software Versions
GnuPG 2.4.xOpenSSL 3.xUbuntu 24.10Veracrypt 1.26+
B. System Commands (Setup)
bash sudo apt install gnupg2 openssl age veracrypt sudo cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/nvme1n1C. Resources
The Nookbox G9 epitomizes a compact yet sophisticated energy-efficient computational architecture, meticulously designed to serve as a secure cryptographic key generation appliance. By integrating minor yet impactful thermal enhancements, it ensures optimal performance stability while adhering to a stringent Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) policy, thereby positioning itself as a reliable workstation specifically tailored for cryptographers, software developers, and individuals engaged in Bitcoin self-custody. Its capability to support multiple encrypted Solid State Drives (SSDs) facilitates an augmented data security framework, while the air-gapped operational feature significantly enhances its resilience against potential cyber threats. Furthermore, the inherent flexibility of Linux operating systems not only furnishes an adaptable environment for various cryptographic applications but also serves as a compelling modern alternative to conventional enterprise Hardware Security Modules (HSMs), ultimately bypassing the prohibitive costs and vendor lock-in typically associated with such proprietary solutions.
Further Tools
🔧 Recommended SSDs and Tools (Amazon)
-
Kingston A400 240GB SSD – SATA 3 2.5"
https://a.co/d/41esjYL -
Samsung 970 EVO Plus 2TB NVMe M.2 SSD – Gen 3
https://a.co/d/6EMVAN1 -
Crucial P5 Plus 1TB PCIe Gen4 NVMe M.2 SSD
https://a.co/d/hQx50Cq -
WD Blue SN570 1TB NVMe SSD – PCIe Gen 3
https://a.co/d/j2zSDCJ -
Sabrent Rocket Q 2TB NVMe SSD – QLC NAND
https://a.co/d/325Og2K -
Thermalright M.2 SSD Heatsink Kit
https://a.co/d/0IYH3nK -
ORICO M.2 NVMe SSD Enclosure – USB 3.2 Gen2
https://a.co/d/aEwQmih
Product Links (Amazon)
-
Thermal Heatsink for M.2 SSDs (Must-have for stress and cooling)
https://a.co/d/43B1F3t -
Nookbox G9 – Mini NAS
https://a.co/d/3dswvGZ -
Alternative 1: Possibly related cooling or SSD gear
https://a.co/d/c0Eodm3 -
Alternative 2: Possibly related NAS accessories or SSDs
https://a.co/d/9gWeqDr
Benchmark Results (Geekbench)
-
GMKtec G9 Geekbench CPU Score #1
https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11471182 -
GMKtec G9 Geekbench CPU Score #2
https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11470130 -
GMKtec Geekbench User Profile
https://browser.geekbench.com/user/446940
🛠️ DIY & Fix Resource
- How-Fixit – PC Repair Guides and Tutorials
https://www.how-fixit.com/
-
@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2025-04-26 03:11:37
หลังจากที่เราได้ทราบถึงโครงการ School Plates กันไปแล้ว วันนี้เรามาทำความรู้จักกับ ProVeg ผู้ที่อยู่เบื้องหลังโปรเจค School Plates กันครับ
ProVeg International เส้นทางสู่การเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบอาหารโลก
ProVeg International เป็นองค์กรไม่แสวงหาผลกำไรระดับโลกที่ก่อตั้งขึ้นในปี 2017 โดยมีเป้าหมายหลักในการลดการบริโภคผลิตภัณฑ์จากสัตว์ลง 50% ภายในปี 2040 และแทนที่ด้วยอาหารจากพืชและอาหารที่เพาะเลี้ยงในห้องปฏิบัติการ
องค์กรนี้มีจุดเริ่มต้นจากการรวมตัวของกลุ่มองค์กรด้านอาหารจากพืชในหลายประเทศ เช่น เยอรมนี (ProVeg Deutschland), เนเธอร์แลนด์ (ProVeg Nederland ซึ่งเดิมคือ Viva Las Vega's), โปแลนด์, สหราชอาณาจักร และสเปน โดยมี Sebastian Joy เป็นผู้ร่วมก่อตั้งและดำรงตำแหน่งประธานคนแรกขององค์กร
ProVeg International มุ่งเน้นการเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบอาหารโลกผ่านการให้ข้อมูล การสนับสนุน และการรณรงค์ต่าง ๆ เพื่อส่งเสริมการบริโภคอาหารจากพืช องค์กรทำงานร่วมกับหน่วยงานรัฐบาล บริษัทเอกชน นักลงทุน สื่อมวลชน และสาธารณชน เพื่อผลักดันให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงในระดับระบบ
โครงการที่เริ่มไปแล้ว ProVeg Incubator หนึ่งในโครงการที่สำคัญของ ProVeg คือ "ProVeg Incubator" ซึ่งเป็นโปรแกรมสนับสนุนสตาร์ทอัพด้านอาหารจากพืชและอาหารที่เพาะเลี้ยงในห้องปฏิบัติการ โดยให้การสนับสนุนทั้งด้านเงินทุน การให้คำปรึกษา และเครือข่ายความร่วมมือ เพื่อเร่งการพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์และการเข้าสู่ตลาด
ตั้งแต่เปิดตัวในปี 2018 ProVeg Incubator ได้สนับสนุนสตาร์ทอัพกว่า 40 รายจาก 20 ประเทศ ช่วยให้พวกเขาระดมทุนได้มากกว่า 8 ล้านยูโร และเปิดตัวผลิตภัณฑ์กว่า 40 รายการ
สำหรับความพยายามในการล็อบบี้ นั้น ProVeg International มีบทบาทสำคัญในการล็อบบี้เพื่อส่งเสริมอาหารจากพืชในระดับนโยบาย โดยเฉพาะในสหภาพยุโรป ตัวอย่างผลงานที่โด่งดังมากคือ
"การต่อต้านการห้ามใช้ชื่อผลิตภัณฑ์จากพืช" ในเดือนพฤษภาคม 2019 คณะกรรมาธิการการเกษตรและการพัฒนาชนบท (Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development) ของรัฐสภายุโรปได้เสนอการแก้ไขในหมวด - Amendment 165 ซึ่งจะห้ามใช้ชื่อที่สื่อถึงเนื้อสัตว์ กับผลิตภัณฑ์ทางเลือกจากพืช (เช่น “vegetarian sausage”, “soy schnitzel” ฯลฯ) และ - Amendment 171 ซึ่งจะขยายไปถึงผลิตภัณฑ์ทดแทนผลิตภัณฑ์นม (เช่น “yoghurt-style”, “vegan cheese”, “almond milk”) โดยทั้งหมดนี้ใช้เหตุผลว่าอาจทำให้ผู้บริโภคสับสน
ProVeg International ร่วมกับองค์กรอื่น ๆ เช่น IKEA และ Compassion in World Farming และบริษัทผู้ผลิตนมจากพืชอย่าง "Oatly" ได้รณรงค์ต่อต้านข้อเสนอเหล่านี้ รวมถึงการยื่นจดหมายถึงสมาชิกรัฐสภายุโรปและการจัดทำคำร้องออนไลน์ ซึ่งได้รับลายเซ็นมากกว่า 150,000 รายชื่อภายในเวลาไม่กี่วัน
ผลการโหวตวันที่ 23 ตุลาคม 2020 รัฐสภายุโรปลงมติ ปฏิเสธ Amendment 165 และไม่ยอมรับข้อเสนอห้ามใช้คำว่า “burger” “sausages” ในผลิตภัณฑ์จากพืช ส่วน Amendment 171 ถูกเลื่อนออกไป และสุดท้ายเมื่อเดือนพฤษภาคม 2021 ก็ถูกถอนออกจากการพิจารณา (withdrawn) อย่างเป็นทางการ ซึ่งถือเป็นชัยชนะของขบวนการ “stop plant-based censorship”
พูดง่ายๆคือ ProVeg International ต่อต้านการห้ามใช้ชื่อผลิตภัณฑ์จากพืชทั้งสองฉบับ (165 และ 171) ประสบความสำเร็จทั้งหมด !!!!!!
"การเรียกร้องแผนปฏิบัติการอาหารจากพืชของสหภาพยุโรป" ในปี 2023 ProVeg International ร่วมกับองค์กรกว่า 130 แห่ง เรียกร้องให้สหภาพยุโรปจัดทำแผนปฏิบัติการอาหารจากพืชภายในปี 2026 เพื่อส่งเสริมการเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบอาหารสู่ความยั่งยืน
นอกจากนี้ ProVeg ยังได้รับการยอมรับในระดับนานาชาติ โดยได้รับสถานะผู้สังเกตการณ์ถาวรจากกรอบอนุสัญญาสหประชาชาติว่าด้วยการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ (UNFCCC) รวมถึง ProVeg ได้รับรางวัล United Nations' Momentum for Change Award และทำงานอย่างใกล้ชิดกับหน่วยงานอาหารและสิ่งแวดล้อมที่สำคัญของ UN และเป็นสมาชิกของศูนย์และเครือข่ายเทคโนโลยีด้านสภาพภูมิอากาศ (CTCN)
ด้วยวิสัยทัศน์ที่ชัดเจนและการดำเนินงานที่ครอบคลุม ProVeg International ได้กลายเป็นหนึ่งในองค์กรชั้นนำที่ขับเคลื่อนการเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบอาหารโลก
ในส่วนของสตาร์ทอัพภายใต้การสนับสนุนของ ProVeg Incubator ได้สนับสนุนสตาร์ทอัพที่มีนวัตกรรมและศักยภาพสูงหลายราย เช่น Formo: บริษัทจากเยอรมนีที่ผลิตชีสจากการหมักจุลินทรีย์ (precision fermentation) โดยไม่ใช้สัตว์ Remilk: บริษัทจากอิสราเอลที่ผลิตนมจากการหมักจุลินทรีย์ โดยไม่ใช้วัว Cultimate Foods: บริษัทที่พัฒนาไขมันจากเซลล์สัตว์เพื่อใช้ในผลิตภัณฑ์จากพืช Infinite Roots: บริษัทที่ใช้เทคโนโลยีการเพาะเลี้ยงไมซีเลียม (mycelium) เพื่อผลิตโปรตีนทางเลือก Kern Tec: บริษัทที่ใช้เมล็ดผลไม้ที่เหลือจากอุตสาหกรรมอาหารเพื่อผลิตน้ำมันและโปรตีน
และยังมีอีกร่วมๆ กว่า 40 รายจาก 20 ประเทศ ที่เป็นกองกำลังสำคัญในการพัฒนาอาหารอนาคตให้กับ ProVeg เพื่อขยายปีกในการครอบครองตลาดนี้เพื่อความยั่งยืน(ของใคร?)
คำถามที่น่าสนใจ ใครคือ Sebastian Joy ทำไมเขาสร้างองค์กรมาได้ขนาดนี้ Sebastian Joy เป็นคนเยอรมันครับ เขาไม่ใช่แค่คนที่สนใจอาหารจากพืชเฉย ๆ แต่เขาเป็นนักคิด นักเคลื่อนไหว และนักเชื่อมโยงระดับอินเตอร์ฯ ที่เปลี่ยนจากการรณรงค์เฉพาะกลุ่ม ไปสู่การสร้าง "ระบบนิเวศ" ของการเปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรมการกินระดับโลกได้อย่างจริงจัง
ในเว็บไซต์ส่วนตัวของ Sebastian Joy ได้ขึ้นประโยคแรกว่าเขาเป็น Serial Social Entrepreneur working to transform the global food system
นั่นหมายถึงว่า ในโลกที่อาหารกลายเป็นเครื่องมือทางอำนาจ และแนวคิด "กินดีเพื่อโลก" ถูกผลักดันอย่างแข็งขันผ่านโครงการระดับโลก หนึ่งในผู้เล่นสำคัญที่อยู่เบื้องหลังกระแสนี้คือชายชื่อ Sebastian Joy ผู้ซึ่งไม่ได้เพียงเป็นนักเคลื่อนไหว แต่เป็น Serial Social Entrepreneur หรือ นักสร้างสรรค์องค์กรเพื่อสังคมต่อเนื่อง ที่มีวิสัยทัศน์ใหญ่ เปลี่ยนระบบอาหารของโลกทั้งใบ
ตลอดกว่า 20 ปีที่ผ่านมา Sebastian ไม่ได้เพียงแค่เปิดองค์กรหรือรณรงค์ทั่วไป แต่เขาเป็นผู้ผลักดันการถือกำเนิดขององค์กรไม่แสวงกำไร โครงการเร่งรัดธุรกิจเพื่อสังคม แพลตฟอร์มความร่วมมือ และเวทีระดับนานาชาติหลายสิบแห่งที่เกี่ยวกับอาหารจากพืช เขาคือผู้ก่อตั้งและประธานของ ProVeg International องค์กรที่อ้างว่าเป็น "องค์กรชั้นนำของโลกด้านความตระหนักเรื่องอาหาร" โดยมีเป้าหมายชัดเจนในการลดการบริโภคผลิตภัณฑ์จากสัตว์ลงอย่างเป็นระบบ
แต่บทบาทของเขาไม่ได้หยุดแค่การปลุกกระแสสุขภาพ เขาเป็นผู้อยู่เบื้องหลังงานแสดงสินค้า VeggieWorld ซึ่งกลายเป็นซีรีส์มหกรรมอาหารวีแกนที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก และยังร่วมก่อตั้ง Animal and Vegan Advocacy Summit เวทีระดับนานาชาติสำหรับนักเคลื่อนไหวสายวีแกน
Sebastian ยังเป็นผู้ร่วมก่อตั้ง incubator แห่งแรกของโลก สำหรับสตาร์ทอัพที่ทำอาหารจากพืชและเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยง และเป็นผู้ผลักดันโปรแกรม Kickstarting for Good ที่เน้นเร่งรัดองค์กรไม่แสวงกำไรให้เดินเกมได้เร็วขึ้นด้วยโมเดลธุรกิจที่ยั่งยืน
นอกจากนี้ เขายังเป็นพาร์ตเนอร์ของ V-Label International (ฉลากมังสวิรัติที่มีอิทธิพลที่สุดในยุโรป), เป็นเมนเทอร์ในโครงการ Charity Entrepreneurship, และอดีตอาจารย์ด้าน Social Entrepreneurship ที่ Berlin School of Economics and Law
ผลงานของเขาและองค์กรได้รับรางวัลระดับนานาชาติหลายรายการ รวมถึงรางวัล Momentum for Change จากสหประชาชาติ ซึ่งถือเป็นเครื่องยืนยันว่า "แผนปฏิบัติการเปลี่ยนโลกผ่านจานอาหาร" ของเขาไม่ได้เป็นเพียงอุดมคติ แต่เป็นแผนที่กำลังถูกปักหมุดทั่วโลก
ย้อนกลับไปก่อนปี 2017 Sebastian เป็นผู้อำนวยการของ VEBU ซึ่งเป็นองค์กรอาหารจากพืชที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในเยอรมนี (VEBU ย่อมาจาก Vegetarierbund Deutschland) และเขาเองก็อยู่ในวงการนี้มาตั้งแต่ยุคที่การกิน plant-based ยังถูกมองว่าเป็นเรื่อง fringe หรือนอกกระแสเลยด้วยซ้ำ
เหตุผลที่เขาเริ่ม ProVeg International แล้วมัน “ไปไกล” ได้ ผมขมวดให้เป็นข้อๆเพื่อความง่ายต่อการเข้าใจประมาณนี้ครับ
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Sebastian ไม่ใช่แค่นักกิจกรรม เขาคือนักกลยุทธ์ เขาไม่พอใจแค่การแจกโบรชัวร์หรือชวนคนงดเนื้อวันจันทร์ (จำตัวนี้ไว้ดีๆนะครับ จะมาเล่าภายหลัง) แต่เขามองระดับ “ระบบ” มองว่าโครงสร้างใหญ่ของ นโยบาย สื่อ เศรษฐกิจ การลงทุน มหาวิทยาลัย และซัพพลายเชนอาหาร ล้วนต้องเปลี่ยนไปพร้อมกัน เขาเลยสร้าง ProVeg ขึ้นมาเป็น “แพลตฟอร์มเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบ” ไม่ใช่แค่องค์กร NGO ธรรมดา
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เขาสร้างพันธมิตรเก่ง Sebastian มีวิธีคุยกับนักลงทุนได้ เข้าใจ startup ได้ คุยกับผู้กำหนดนโยบาย EU ได้ และคุยกับผู้บริโภคได้ด้วย เรียกว่าพูดได้หลายภาษา (ทั้งภาษาคนและภาษายุทธศาสตร์) ทำให้ ProVeg ขยับตัวแบบ agile มาก และข้ามพรมแดนได้ไว ลงลึกถึงจิตใจเหล่า startup ได้แบบพวกเดียวกัน เป็นสตีฟ จ็อบส์ ที่เฟรนด์ลี่ เลยอ่ะ
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มองอาหารจากพืชเป็น “โอกาส” ไม่ใช่ “การเสียสละ” แนวคิดที่เขาผลักดันคือ “ทำยังไงให้การกิน plant-based เป็นเรื่องสนุก มีรสชาติ มีนวัตกรรม และทำให้คนทั่วไปเลือกโดยไม่รู้สึกว่ากำลังงดของอร่อย ทำให้คนเลือกโดยที่ไม่รู้ตัวว่าถูกกำหนดเส้นทางให้เลือก” เขาจึงให้ความสำคัญกับ startup สายอาหารและเทคโนโลยีอาหารมาก มากจนกลายมาเป็นโครงการ ProVeg Incubator กองกำลังอาหารอนาคต นั่นแหละครับ
คำพูดหนึ่งของ Sebastian ที่ถูกนำมากล่าวถึงบ่อยๆคือ It’s easy to judge the mistakes of parents or grandparents, but what are going to be the mistakes that our future grandchildren will judge us by?
เขาไม่ได้ต้องการแค่ทำให้มี “เบอร์เกอร์ที่ไม่มีเนื้อ” แต่เขาต้องการเปลี่ยนทั้งระบบอาหารให้สะท้อนค่านิยมใหม่ เหมือนที่มีการพยายามจะสะท้อนมูฟนี้ไว้ว่า
“They are not just replacing products. They are building a food system that reflects their values.”
และวิศัยทัศน์ซึ่งเขาได้อธิบายถึงแนวทางของ ProVeg ว่าไม่ได้มุ่งเน้นเฉพาะเรื่องสวัสดิภาพสัตว์เท่านั้น แต่เป็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบอาหารโดยรวม เพื่อประโยชน์ต่อรสชาติ สุขภาพ ความยุติธรรม สัตว์ และสิ่งแวดล้อม We don’t frame ourselves as an animal charity but as a food awareness organisation. And we follow what we call the ‘five pros’: pro-taste, pro-health, pro-justice, pro-animals and pro-environment
เป็น 5 Pro ที่ต้องจับตามองเสียแล้วครับ
อย่างที่บอกครับว่า มันเกิดขึ้นไปแล้ว และ 2 คำพูดที่เราเคยพูดไว้เราจะยังคงยืนยันได้ตามนั้นไหม "คงโชคดีที่ตายก่อนวันนั้น" และ "ก็แค่เลือกไม่กิน" น่าคิดแล้วครับ
#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr
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@ d34e832d:383f78d0
2025-04-25 23:39:07
First Contact – A Film History Breakdown
🎥 Movie: Contact
📅 Year Released: 1997
🎞️ Director: Robert Zemeckis
🕰️ Scene Timestamp: ~00:35:00
In this pivotal moment, Dr. Ellie Arroway (Jodie Foster), working at the VLA (Very Large Array) in New Mexico, detects a powerful and unusual signal emanating from the star system Vega, over 25 light-years away. It starts with rhythmic pulses—prime numbers—and escalates into layers of encoded information. The calm night shatters into focused chaos as the team realizes they might be witnessing the first confirmed evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence.
🎥 Camera Work:
Zemeckis uses slow zooms, wide shots of the VLA dishes moving in synchrony, and mid-shots on Ellie as she listens with growing awe and panic. The kinetic handheld camera inside the lab mirrors the rising tension.💡 Lighting:
Low-key, naturalistic nighttime lighting dominates the outdoor shots, enhancing the eerie isolation of the array. Indoors, practical lab lighting creates a realistic, clinical setting.✂️ Editing:
The pacing builds through quick intercuts between the signal readouts, Ellie’s expressions, and the reactions of her team. This accelerates tension while maintaining clarity.🔊 Sound:
The rhythmic signal becomes the scene’s pulse. We begin with ambient night silence, then transition to the raw audio of the alien transmission. It’s diegetic (heard by the characters), and as it builds, a subtle score underscores the awe and urgency. Every beep feels weighty.
Released in 1997, Contact emerged during a period of growing public interest in both SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) and skepticism about science in the post-Cold War world. It was also the era of X-Files and the Mars Pathfinder mission, where space and the unknown dominated media.
The scene reflects 1990s optimism about technology and the belief that answers to humanity’s biggest questions might lie beyond Earth—balanced against the bureaucratic red tape and political pressures that real scientists face.
- Classic procedural sci-fi like 2001: A Space Odyssey and Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
- Real-world SETI protocols and the actual scientists Carl Sagan consulted with.
- The radio broadcast scene reflects Sagan’s own passion for communication and cosmic connectedness.
This scene set a new benchmark for depicting science authentically in fiction. Many real-world SETI scientists cite Contact as an accurate portrayal of their field. It also influenced later films like Arrival and Interstellar, which similarly blend emotion with science.
The signal is more than data—it’s a modern miracle. It represents Ellie’s faith in science, the power of patience, and humanity's yearning to not be alone.
The use of prime numbers symbolizes universal language—mathematics as a bridge between species. The scene’s pacing reflects the clash between logic and emotion, science and wonder.
The signal itself acts as a metaphor for belief: you can't "see" the sender, but you believe they’re out there. It’s the crux of the entire movie’s science vs. faith dichotomy.
This scene hits hard because it captures pure awe—the mix of fear, wonder, and purpose when faced with the unknown. Watching Ellie realize she's not alone mirrors how we all feel when our faith (in science, in hope, in truth) is rewarded.
For filmmakers and students, this scene is a masterclass in procedural suspense, realistic portrayal of science, and using audiovisual cues to build tension without needing action or violence.
It reminds us that the greatest cinematic moments don’t always come from spectacle, but from stillness, sound, and a scientist whispering: “We got something.”
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@ d34e832d:383f78d0
2025-04-25 23:20:48
As computing needs evolve toward speed, reliability, and efficiency, understanding the landscape of storage technologies becomes crucial for system builders, IT professionals, and performance enthusiasts. This idea compares traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) with various Solid-State Drive (SSD) technologies including SATA SSDs, mSATA, M.2 SATA, and M.2 NVMe. It explores differences in form factors, interfaces, memory types, and generational performance to empower informed decisions on selecting optimal storage.
1. Storage Device Overview
1.1 HDDs – Hard Disk Drives
- Mechanism: Mechanical platters + spinning disk.
- Speed: ~80–160 MB/s.
- Cost: Low cost per GB.
- Durability: Susceptible to shock; moving parts prone to wear.
- Use Case: Mass storage, backups, archival.
1.2 SSDs – Solid State Drives
- Mechanism: Flash memory (NAND-based); no moving parts.
- Speed: SATA SSDs (~550 MB/s), NVMe SSDs (>7,000 MB/s).
- Durability: High resistance to shock and temperature.
- Use Case: Operating systems, apps, high-speed data transfer.
2. Form Factors
| Form Factor | Dimensions | Common Usage | |------------------|------------------------|--------------------------------------------| | 2.5-inch | 100mm x 69.85mm x 7mm | Laptops, desktops (SATA interface) | | 3.5-inch | 146mm x 101.6mm x 26mm | Desktops/servers (HDD only) | | mSATA | 50.8mm x 29.85mm | Legacy ultrabooks, embedded systems | | M.2 | 22mm wide, lengths vary (2242, 2260, 2280, 22110) | Modern laptops, desktops, NUCs |
Note: mSATA is being phased out in favor of the more versatile M.2 standard.
3. Interfaces & Protocols
3.1 SATA (Serial ATA)
- Max Speed: ~550 MB/s (SATA III).
- Latency: Higher.
- Protocol: AHCI.
- Compatibility: Broad support, backward compatible.
3.2 NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express)
- Max Speed:
- Gen 3: ~3,500 MB/s
- Gen 4: ~7,000 MB/s
- Gen 5: ~14,000 MB/s
- Latency: Very low.
- Protocol: NVMe (optimized for NAND flash).
- Interface: PCIe lanes (usually via M.2 slot).
NVMe significantly outperforms SATA due to reduced overhead and direct PCIe access.
4. Key Slot & Compatibility (M.2 Drives)
| Drive Type | Key | Interface | Typical Use | |------------------|----------------|---------------|-----------------------| | M.2 SATA | B+M key | SATA | Budget laptops/desktops | | M.2 NVMe (PCIe) | M key only | PCIe Gen 3–5 | Performance PCs/gaming |
⚠️ Important: Not all M.2 slots support NVMe. Check motherboard specs for PCIe compatibility.
5. SSD NAND Memory Types
| Type | Bits/Cell | Speed | Endurance | Cost | Use Case | |---------|---------------|-----------|---------------|----------|--------------------------------| | SLC | 1 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | $$$$ | Enterprise caching | | MLC | 2 | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | $$$ | Pro-grade systems | | TLC | 3 | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | $$ | Consumer, gaming | | QLC | 4 | ⭐ | ⭐ | $ | Budget SSDs, media storage |
6. 3D NAND / V-NAND Technology
- Traditional NAND: Planar (flat) design.
- 3D NAND: Stacks cells vertically—more density, less space.
- Benefits:
- Greater capacity
- Better power efficiency
- Improved lifespan
Samsung’s V-NAND is a branded 3D NAND variant known for high endurance and stability.
7. Performance & Generational Comparison
| PCIe Gen | Max Speed | Use Case | |--------------|---------------|----------------------------------| | Gen 3 | ~3,500 MB/s | Mainstream laptops/desktops | | Gen 4 | ~7,000 MB/s | Gaming, prosumer, light servers | | Gen 5 | ~14,000 MB/s | AI workloads, enterprise |
Drives are backward compatible, but will operate at the host’s maximum supported speed.
8. Thermal Management
- NVMe SSDs generate heat—especially Gen 4/5.
- Heatsinks and thermal pads are vital for:
- Sustained performance (prevent throttling)
- Longer lifespan
- Recommended to leave 10–20% free space for optimal SSD wear leveling and garbage collection.
9. HDD vs SSD: Summary
| Aspect | HDD | SSD | |------------------|---------------------|------------------------------| | Speed | 80–160 MB/s | 550 MB/s – 14,000 MB/s | | Durability | Low (mechanical) | High (no moving parts) | | Lifespan | Moderate | High (depends on NAND type) | | Cost | Lower per GB | Higher per GB | | Noise | Audible | Silent |
10. Brand Recommendations
| Brand | Strength | |------------------|-----------------------------------------| | Samsung | Leading in performance (980 Pro, 990 Pro) | | Western Digital | Reliable Gen 3/4/5 drives (SN770, SN850X) | | Crucial | Budget-friendly, solid TLC drives (P3, P5 Plus) | | Kingston | Value-oriented SSDs (A2000, NV2) |
11. How to Choose the Right SSD
- Check your device slot: Is it M.2 B+M, M-key, or SATA-only?
- Interface compatibility: Confirm if the M.2 slot supports NVMe or only SATA.
- Match PCIe Gen: Use Gen 3/4/5 based on CPU/motherboard lanes.
- Pick NAND type: TLC for best balance of speed/longevity.
- Thermal plan: Use heatsinks or fans for Gen 4+ drives.
- Capacity need: Leave headroom (15–20%) for performance and lifespan.
- Trustworthy brands: Stick to Samsung, WD, Crucial for warranty and quality.
Consider
From boot speed to data integrity, SSDs have revolutionized how modern systems handle storage. While HDDs remain relevant for mass archival, NVMe SSDs—especially those leveraging PCIe Gen 4 and Gen 5—dominate in speed-critical workflows. M.2 NVMe is the dominant form factor for futureproof builds, while understanding memory types like TLC vs. QLC ensures better longevity planning.
Whether you’re upgrading a laptop, building a gaming rig, or running a self-hosted Bitcoin node, choosing the right form factor, interface, and NAND type can dramatically impact system performance and reliability.
Resources & Further Reading
- How-Fixit Storage Guides
- Kingston SSD Reliability Guide
- Western Digital Product Lines
- Samsung V-NAND Explained
- PCIe Gen 5 Benchmarks
Options
🔧 Recommended SSDs and Tools (Amazon)
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Kingston A400 240GB SSD – SATA 3 2.5"
https://a.co/d/41esjYL -
Samsung 970 EVO Plus 2TB NVMe M.2 SSD – Gen 3
https://a.co/d/6EMVAN1 -
Crucial P5 Plus 1TB PCIe Gen4 NVMe M.2 SSD
https://a.co/d/hQx50Cq -
WD Blue SN570 1TB NVMe SSD – PCIe Gen 3
https://a.co/d/j2zSDCJ -
Sabrent Rocket Q 2TB NVMe SSD – QLC NAND
https://a.co/d/325Og2K -
Thermalright M.2 SSD Heatsink Kit
https://a.co/d/0IYH3nK -
ORICO M.2 NVMe SSD Enclosure – USB 3.2 Gen2
https://a.co/d/aEwQmih
🛠️ DIY & Fix Resource
- How-Fixit – PC Repair Guides and Tutorials
https://www.how-fixit.com/
In Addition
Modern Storage Technologies and Mini NAS Implementation
1. Network Attached Storage (NAS) system
In the rapidly evolving landscape of data storage, understanding the nuances of various storage technologies is crucial for optimal system design and performance. This idea delves into the distinctions between traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), Solid State Drives (SSDs), and advanced storage interfaces like M.2 NVMe, M.2 SATA, and mSATA. Additionally, it explores the implementation of a compact Network Attached Storage (NAS) system using the Nookbox G9, highlighting its capabilities and limitations.
2. Storage Technologies Overview
2.1 Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)
- Mechanism: Utilize spinning magnetic platters and read/write heads.
- Advantages:
- Cost-effective for large storage capacities.
- Longer lifespan in low-vibration environments.
- Disadvantages:
- Slower data access speeds.
- Susceptible to mechanical failures due to moving parts.
2.2 Solid State Drives (SSDs)
- Mechanism: Employ NAND flash memory with no moving parts.
- Advantages:
- Faster data access and boot times.
- Lower power consumption and heat generation.
- Enhanced durability and shock resistance.
- Disadvantages:
- Higher cost per gigabyte compared to HDDs.
- Limited write cycles, depending on NAND type.
3. SSD Form Factors and Interfaces
3.1 Form Factors
- 2.5-Inch: Standard size for laptops and desktops; connects via SATA interface.
- mSATA: Miniature SATA interface, primarily used in ultrabooks and embedded systems; largely supplanted by M.2.
- M.2: Versatile form factor supporting both SATA and NVMe interfaces; prevalent in modern systems.
3.2 Interfaces
- SATA (Serial ATA):
- Speed: Up to 600 MB/s.
- Compatibility: Widely supported across various devices.
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Limitation: Bottleneck for high-speed SSDs.
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NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express):
- Speed: Ranges from 3,500 MB/s (PCIe Gen 3) to over 14,000 MB/s (PCIe Gen 5).
- Advantage: Direct communication with CPU via PCIe lanes, reducing latency.
- Consideration: Requires compatible motherboard and BIOS support.
4. M.2 SATA vs. M.2 NVMe
| Feature | M.2 SATA | M.2 NVMe | |------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | Interface | SATA III (AHCI protocol) | PCIe (NVMe protocol) | | Speed | Up to 600 MB/s | Up to 14,000 MB/s (PCIe Gen 5) | | Compatibility | Broad compatibility with older systems | Requires NVMe-compatible M.2 slot and BIOS support | | Use Case | Budget builds, general computing | High-performance tasks, gaming, content creation |
Note: M.2 NVMe drives are not backward compatible with M.2 SATA slots due to differing interfaces and keying.
5. NAND Flash Memory Types
Understanding NAND types is vital for assessing SSD performance and longevity.
- SLC (Single-Level Cell):
- Bits per Cell: 1
- Endurance: ~100,000 write cycles
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Use Case: Enterprise and industrial applications
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MLC (Multi-Level Cell):
- Bits per Cell: 2
- Endurance: ~10,000 write cycles
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Use Case: Consumer-grade SSDs
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TLC (Triple-Level Cell):
- Bits per Cell: 3
- Endurance: ~3,000 write cycles
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Use Case: Mainstream consumer SSDs
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QLC (Quad-Level Cell):
- Bits per Cell: 4
- Endurance: ~1,000 write cycles
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Use Case: Read-intensive applications
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3D NAND:
- Structure: Stacks memory cells vertically to increase density.
- Advantage: Enhances performance and endurance across NAND types.
6. Thermal Management and SSD Longevity
Effective thermal management is crucial for maintaining SSD performance and lifespan.
- Heatsinks: Aid in dissipating heat from SSD controllers.
- Airflow: Ensuring adequate case ventilation prevents thermal throttling.
- Monitoring: Regularly check SSD temperatures, especially under heavy workloads.
7. Trusted SSD Manufacturers
Selecting SSDs from reputable manufacturers ensures reliability and support.
- Samsung: Known for high-performance SSDs with robust software support.
- Western Digital (WD): Offers a range of SSDs catering to various user needs.
- Crucial (Micron): Provides cost-effective SSD solutions with solid performance.
8. Mini NAS Implementation: Nookbox G9 Case Study
8.1 Overview
The Nookbox G9 is a compact NAS solution designed to fit within a 1U rack space, accommodating four M.2 NVMe SSDs.
8.2 Specifications
- Storage Capacity: Supports up to 8TB using four 2TB NVMe SSDs.
- Interface: Each M.2 slot operates at PCIe Gen 3x2.
- Networking: Equipped with 2.5 Gigabit Ethernet ports.
- Operating System: Comes pre-installed with Windows 11; compatible with Linux distributions like Ubuntu 24.10.
8.3 Performance and Limitations
- Throughput: Network speeds capped at ~250 MB/s due to 2.5 GbE limitation.
- Thermal Issues: Inadequate cooling leads to SSD temperatures reaching up to 80°C under load, causing potential throttling and system instability.
- Reliability: Reports of system reboots and lockups during intensive operations, particularly with ZFS RAIDZ configurations.
8.4 Recommendations
- Cooling Enhancements: Implement third-party heatsinks to improve thermal performance.
- Alternative Solutions: Consider NAS systems with better thermal designs and higher network throughput for demanding applications.
9. Consider
Navigating the myriad of storage technologies requires a comprehensive understanding of form factors, interfaces, and memory types. While HDDs offer cost-effective bulk storage, SSDs provide superior speed and durability. The choice between M.2 SATA and NVMe hinges on performance needs and system compatibility. Implementing compact NAS solutions like the Nookbox G9 necessitates careful consideration of thermal management and network capabilities to ensure reliability and performance.
Product Links (Amazon)
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Thermal Heatsink for M.2 SSDs (Must-have for stress and cooling)
https://a.co/d/43B1F3t -
Nookbox G9 – Mini NAS
https://a.co/d/3dswvGZ -
Alternative 1: Possibly related cooling or SSD gear
https://a.co/d/c0Eodm3 -
Alternative 2: Possibly related NAS accessories or SSDs
https://a.co/d/9gWeqDr
Benchmark Results (Geekbench)
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GMKtec G9 Geekbench CPU Score #1
https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11471182 -
GMKtec G9 Geekbench CPU Score #2
https://browser.geekbench.com/v6/cpu/11470130 -
GMKtec Geekbench User Profile
https://browser.geekbench.com/user/446940
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@ bf622658:7917fb26
2025-04-25 21:02:32
You ever tried sending money, but your bank’s ‘closed’ on a weekend? Yeah, Web3 don’t believe in that. It’s freedom, 24/7.
Web2 is like ordering food from a restaurant — you get fed, but you don’t control the kitchen. Web3 is like owning the kitchen and the recipe. You cook, serve, and keep the profits
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@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93
2025-04-25 20:09:39
By Carl Tuckerson, Meditations from the Hammock
Friends, allies, co-op board members,
Today, I want to take you on a journey—not to the quiet forests of Vermont or the artisanal kombucha stalls of Brooklyn—but to the front lines of democracy. And by front lines, I mean a rally held in a gentrified park, complete with food trucks, free Wi-Fi, and a deeply spiritual DJ set by DJ Woketopus.
Our guides on this revolutionary road? None other than Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Bernie Sanders—a duo so progressive, their combined carbon footprint is negative and their vibes are certified conflict-free.
Scene One: The AOC Entrance (Cue Wind Machine)
The crowd hushes. A soft breeze flutters through sustainably grown hemp banners. Suddenly, she appears—AOC—draped in a blazer that screams “legislative power” and sneakers that whisper, “I could out-dance your entire state legislature.”
She speaks with a cadence forged in the fires of Instagram Live and Twitter threads. Every word is like a spoken-word poem wrapped in policy suggestions that will never pass but look so good on a T-shirt.
She calls Trump a threat to democracy—and everyone nods, because yes, obviously. But also because they’re still unsure if that last part was a policy point or a spoken-word interlude.
Somewhere in the back, a guy with a ukulele weeps softly.
Scene Two: Bernie Time (All Caps Optional, Volume Not)
Then comes Bernie—the only politician who can yell about billionaires and still make you feel like you’re being tucked in by a democratic socialist grandfather.
His hair is unbrushed. His heart? Unbreakable.
He shouts about wealth inequality while standing in front of a solar-powered stage built with union labor and good intentions. He points at the sky like he's mad at God for not nationalizing the clouds.
The crowd roars. Someone faints from emotional over-stimulation—or dehydration from sipping too many organic yerba mates.
He calls Trump a fascist, which is legally required in Act II of any progressive rally. Everyone cheers. Then someone yells “cancel student debt!” and Bernie yells louder—because he was going to do that anyway.
Scene Three: The Ritual Chanting of Buzzwords
What follows is a flurry of chants so thoroughly poll-tested they could cure electoral apathy:
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“Healthcare is a human right!” (Yes.)
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“Tax the rich!” (Always.)
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“Eat the rich!” (Too far, but okay if they’re vegan.)
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“No Trump! No KKK! No Billionaire DNA!” (Unclear what that last one means, but we’re vibing.)
Volunteers pass out pamphlets written in Comic Sans because irony. Every QR code leads to a Substack.
AOC calls for mutual aid. Bernie calls for a revolution. The crowd calls for a bathroom that isn’t just three compostable porta-potties guarded by an anarchist who failed the bar exam.
It is, in a word, activism.
Final Scene: Nothing Changes, But the Vibes Were Immaculate
After hours of chanting, cheering, and posting Instagram Stories tagged #ResistButMakeItFashion, the rally ends.
Trump, somehow, still exists.
But that’s okay, because we felt something. We were seen. We were heard. And most importantly, we posted about it.
No laws were passed. No systems dismantled. But our hashtags slapped. And at the end of the day, isn’t that what democracy is all about?
Stay outraged. Stay hopeful. Stay performatively progressive.
We’ll see you tomorrow—for a march, a meme, or a minor policy concession that makes us feel like we changed the world.
Peace, love, and unsubtle slogans,
— Carl
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/959343
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@ c631e267:c2b78d3e
2025-04-25 20:06:24
Die Wahrheit verletzt tiefer als jede Beleidigung. \ Marquis de Sade
Sagen Sie niemals «Terroristin B.», «Schwachkopf H.», «korrupter Drecksack S.» oder «Meinungsfreiheitshasserin F.» und verkneifen Sie sich Memes, denn so etwas könnte Ihnen als Beleidigung oder Verleumdung ausgelegt werden und rechtliche Konsequenzen haben. Auch mit einer Frau M.-A. S.-Z. ist in dieser Beziehung nicht zu spaßen, sie gehört zu den Top-Anzeigenstellern.
«Politikerbeleidigung» als Straftatbestand wurde 2021 im Kampf gegen «Rechtsextremismus und Hasskriminalität» in Deutschland eingeführt, damals noch unter der Regierung Merkel. Im Gesetz nicht festgehalten ist die Unterscheidung zwischen schlechter Hetze und guter Hetze – trotzdem ist das gängige Praxis, wie der Titel fast schon nahelegt.
So dürfen Sie als Politikerin heute den Tesla als «Nazi-Auto» bezeichnen und dies ausdrücklich auf den Firmengründer Elon Musk und dessen «rechtsextreme Positionen» beziehen, welche Sie nicht einmal belegen müssen. [1] Vielleicht ernten Sie Proteste, jedoch vorrangig wegen der «gut bezahlten, unbefristeten Arbeitsplätze» in Brandenburg. Ihren Tweet hat die Berliner Senatorin Cansel Kiziltepe inzwischen offenbar dennoch gelöscht.
Dass es um die Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit in der Bundesrepublik nicht mehr allzu gut bestellt ist, befürchtet man inzwischen auch schon im Ausland. Der Fall des Journalisten David Bendels, der kürzlich wegen eines Faeser-Memes zu sieben Monaten Haft auf Bewährung verurteilt wurde, führte in diversen Medien zu Empörung. Die Welt versteckte ihre Kritik mit dem Titel «Ein Urteil wie aus einer Diktatur» hinter einer Bezahlschranke.
Unschöne, heutzutage vielleicht strafbare Kommentare würden mir auch zu einigen anderen Themen und Akteuren einfallen. Ein Kandidat wäre der deutsche Bundesgesundheitsminister (ja, er ist es tatsächlich immer noch). Während sich in den USA auf dem Gebiet etwas bewegt und zum Beispiel Robert F. Kennedy Jr. will, dass die Gesundheitsbehörde (CDC) keine Covid-Impfungen für Kinder mehr empfiehlt, möchte Karl Lauterbach vor allem das Corona-Lügengebäude vor dem Einsturz bewahren.
«Ich habe nie geglaubt, dass die Impfungen nebenwirkungsfrei sind», sagte Lauterbach jüngst der ZDF-Journalistin Sarah Tacke. Das steht in krassem Widerspruch zu seiner früher verbreiteten Behauptung, die Gen-Injektionen hätten keine Nebenwirkungen. Damit entlarvt er sich selbst als Lügner. Die Bezeichnung ist absolut berechtigt, dieser Mann dürfte keinerlei politische Verantwortung tragen und das Verhalten verlangt nach einer rechtlichen Überprüfung. Leider ist ja die Justiz anderweitig beschäftigt und hat außerdem selbst keine weiße Weste.
Obendrein kämpfte der Herr Minister für eine allgemeine Impfpflicht. Er beschwor dabei das Schließen einer «Impflücke», wie es die Weltgesundheitsorganisation – die «wegen Trump» in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten steckt – bis heute tut. Die WHO lässt aktuell ihre «Europäische Impfwoche» propagieren, bei der interessanterweise von Covid nicht mehr groß die Rede ist.
Einen «Klima-Leugner» würden manche wohl Nir Shaviv nennen, das ist ja nicht strafbar. Der Astrophysiker weist nämlich die Behauptung von einer Klimakrise zurück. Gemäß seiner Forschung ist mindestens die Hälfte der Erderwärmung nicht auf menschliche Emissionen, sondern auf Veränderungen im Sonnenverhalten zurückzuführen.
Das passt vielleicht auch den «Klima-Hysterikern» der britischen Regierung ins Konzept, die gerade Experimente zur Verdunkelung der Sonne angekündigt haben. Produzenten von Kunstfleisch oder Betreiber von Insektenfarmen würden dagegen vermutlich die Geschichte vom fatalen CO2 bevorzugen. Ihnen würde es besser passen, wenn der verantwortungsvolle Erdenbürger sein Verhalten gründlich ändern müsste.
In unserer völlig verkehrten Welt, in der praktisch jede Verlautbarung außerhalb der abgesegneten Narrative potenziell strafbar sein kann, gehört fast schon Mut dazu, Dinge offen anzusprechen. Im «besten Deutschland aller Zeiten» glaubten letztes Jahr nur noch 40 Prozent der Menschen, ihre Meinung frei äußern zu können. Das ist ein Armutszeugnis, und es sieht nicht gerade nach Besserung aus. Umso wichtiger ist es, dagegen anzugehen.
[Titelbild: Pixabay]
--- Quellen: ---
[1] Zur Orientierung wenigstens ein paar Hinweise zur NS-Vergangenheit deutscher Automobilhersteller:
- Volkswagen
- Porsche
- Daimler-Benz
- BMW
- Audi
- Opel
- Heute: «Auto-Werke für die Rüstung? Rheinmetall prüft Übernahmen»
Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben und ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.
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@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-04-25 19:53:34
🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦
This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.
petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> () -
@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-04-25 19:52:45
My everyday activity
This template is just for demo needs.
petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working -
@ b99efe77:f3de3616
2025-04-25 19:50:55
🚦Traffic Light Control System🚦
This Petri net represents a traffic control protocol ensuring that two traffic lights alternate safely and are never both green at the same time.
petrinet ;start () -> greenLight1 redLight2 ;toRed1 greenLight1 -> queue redLight1 ;toGreen2 redLight2 queue -> greenLight2 ;toGreen1 queue redLight1 -> greenLight1 ;toRed2 greenLight2 -> redLight2 queue ;stop redLight1 queue redLight2 -> () -
@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
2025-04-25 19:26:48
Redistributing Git with Nostr
Every time someone tries to "decentralize" Git -- like many projects tried in the past to do it with BitTorrent, IPFS, ScuttleButt or custom p2p protocols -- there is always a lurking comment: "but Git is already distributed!", and then the discussion proceeds to mention some facts about how Git supports multiple remotes and its magic syncing and merging abilities and so on.
Turns out all that is true, Git is indeed all that powerful, and yet GitHub is the big central hub that hosts basically all Git repositories in the giant world of open-source. There are some crazy people that host their stuff elsewhere, but these projects end up not being found by many people, and even when they do they suffer from lack of contributions.
Because everybody has a GitHub account it's easy to open a pull request to a repository of a project you're using if it's on GitHub (to be fair I think it's very annoying to have to clone the repository, then add it as a remote locally, push to it, then go on the web UI and click to open a pull request, then that cloned repository lurks forever in your profile unless you go through 16 screens to delete it -- but people in general seem to think it's easy).
It's much harder to do it on some random other server where some project might be hosted, because now you have to add 4 more even more annoying steps: create an account; pick a password; confirm an email address; setup SSH keys for pushing. (And I'm not even mentioning the basic impossibility of offering
pushaccess to external unknown contributors to people who want to host their own simple homemade Git server.)At this point some may argue that we could all have accounts on GitLab, or Codeberg or wherever else, then those steps are removed. Besides not being a practical strategy this pseudo solution misses the point of being decentralized (or distributed, who knows) entirely: it's far from the ideal to force everybody to have the double of account management and SSH setup work in order to have the open-source world controlled by two shady companies instead of one.
What we want is to give every person the opportunity to host their own Git server without being ostracized. at the same time we must recognize that most people won't want to host their own servers (not even most open-source programmers!) and give everybody the ability to host their stuff on multi-tenant servers (such as GitHub) too. Importantly, though, if we allow for a random person to have a standalone Git server on a standalone server they host themselves on their wood cabin that also means any new hosting company can show up and start offering Git hosting, with or without new cool features, charging high or low or zero, and be immediately competing against GitHub or GitLab, i.e. we must remove the network-effect centralization pressure.
External contributions
The first problem we have to solve is: how can Bob contribute to Alice's repository without having an account on Alice's server?
SourceHut has reminded GitHub users that Git has always had this (for most) arcane
git send-emailcommand that is the original way to send patches, using an once-open protocol.Turns out Nostr acts as a quite powerful email replacement and can be used to send text content just like email, therefore patches are a very good fit for Nostr event contents.
Once you get used to it and the proper UIs (or CLIs) are built sending and applying patches to and from others becomes a much easier flow than the intense clickops mixed with terminal copypasting that is interacting with GitHub (you have to clone the repository on GitHub, then update the remote URL in your local directory, then create a branch and then go back and turn that branch into a Pull Request, it's quite tiresome) that many people already dislike so much they went out of their way to build many GitHub CLI tools just so they could comment on issues and approve pull requests from their terminal.
Replacing GitHub features
Aside from being the "hub" that people use to send patches to other people's code (because no one can do the email flow anymore, justifiably), GitHub also has 3 other big features that are not directly related to Git, but that make its network-effect harder to overcome. Luckily Nostr can be used to create a new environment in which these same features are implemented in a more decentralized and healthy way.
Issues: bug reports, feature requests and general discussions
Since the "Issues" GitHub feature is just a bunch of text comments it should be very obvious that Nostr is a perfect fit for it.
I will not even mention the fact that Nostr is much better at threading comments than GitHub (which doesn't do it at all), which can generate much more productive and organized discussions (and you can opt out if you want).
Search
I use GitHub search all the time to find libraries and projects that may do something that I need, and it returns good results almost always. So if people migrated out to other code hosting providers wouldn't we lose it?
The fact is that even though we think everybody is on GitHub that is a globalist falsehood. Some projects are not on GitHub, and if we use only GitHub for search those will be missed. So even if we didn't have a Nostr Git alternative it would still be necessary to create a search engine that incorporated GitLab, Codeberg, SourceHut and whatnot.
Turns out on Nostr we can make that quite easy by not forcing anyone to integrate custom APIs or hardcoding Git provider URLs: each repository can make itself available by publishing an "announcement" event with a brief description and one or more Git URLs. That makes it easy for a search engine to index them -- and even automatically download the code and index the code (or index just README files or whatever) without a centralized platform ever having to be involved.
The relays where such announcements will be available play a role, of course, but that isn't a bad role: each announcement can be in multiple relays known for storing "public good" projects, some relays may curate only projects known to be very good according to some standards, other relays may allow any kind of garbage, which wouldn't make them good for a search engine to rely upon, but would still be useful in case one knows the exact thing (and from whom) they're searching for (the same is valid for all Nostr content, by the way, and that's where it's censorship-resistance comes from).
Continuous integration
GitHub Actions are a very hardly subsidized free-compute-for-all-paid-by-Microsoft feature, but one that isn't hard to replace at all. In fact there exists today many companies offering the same kind of service out there -- although they are mostly targeting businesses and not open-source projects, before GitHub Actions was introduced there were also many that were heavily used by open-source projects.
One problem is that these services are still heavily tied to GitHub today, they require a GitHub login, sometimes BitBucket and GitLab and whatnot, and do not allow one to paste an arbitrary Git server URL, but that isn't a thing that is very hard to change anyway, or to start from scratch. All we need are services that offer the CI/CD flows, perhaps using the same framework of GitHub Actions (although I would prefer to not use that messy garbage), and charge some few satoshis for it.
It may be the case that all the current services only support the big Git hosting platforms because they rely on their proprietary APIs, most notably the webhooks dispatched when a repository is updated, to trigger the jobs. It doesn't have to be said that Nostr can also solve that problem very easily.
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@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d
2025-04-25 18:55:52
Report of how the money Jack donated to the cause in December 2022 has been misused so far.
Bounties given
March 2025
- Dhalsim: 1,110,540 - Work on Nostr wiki data processing
February 2025
- BOUNTY* NullKotlinDev: 950,480 - Twine RSS reader Nostr integration
- Dhalsim: 2,094,584 - Work on Hypothes.is Nostr fork
- Constant, Biz and J: 11,700,588 - Nostr Special Forces
January 2025
- Constant, Biz and J: 11,610,987 - Nostr Special Forces
- BOUNTY* NullKotlinDev: 843,840 - Feeder RSS reader Nostr integration
- BOUNTY* NullKotlinDev: 797,500 - ReadYou RSS reader Nostr integration
December 2024
- BOUNTY* tijl: 1,679,500 - Nostr integration into RSS readers yarr and miniflux
- Constant, Biz and J: 10,736,166 - Nostr Special Forces
- Thereza: 1,020,000 - Podcast outreach initiative
November 2024
- Constant, Biz and J: 5,422,464 - Nostr Special Forces
October 2024
- Nostrdam: 300,000 - hackathon prize
- Svetski: 5,000,000 - Latin America Nostr events contribution
- Quentin: 5,000,000 - nostrcheck.me
June 2024
- Darashi: 5,000,000 - maintaining nos.today, searchnos, search.nos.today and other experiments
- Toshiya: 5,000,000 - keeping the NIPs repo clean and other stuff
May 2024
- James: 3,500,000 - https://github.com/jamesmagoo/nostr-writer
- Yakihonne: 5,000,000 - spreading the word in Asia
- Dashu: 9,000,000 - https://github.com/haorendashu/nostrmo
February 2024
- Viktor: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/viktorvsk/saltivka and https://github.com/viktorvsk/knowstr
- Eric T: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/tcheeric/nostr-java
- Semisol: 5,000,000 - https://relay.noswhere.com/ and https://hist.nostr.land relays
- Sebastian: 5,000,000 - Drupal stuff and nostr-php work
- tijl: 5,000,000 - Cloudron, Yunohost and Fraidycat attempts
- Null Kotlin Dev: 5,000,000 - AntennaPod attempt
December 2023
- hzrd: 5,000,000 - Nostrudel
- awayuki: 5,000,000 - NOSTOPUS illustrations
- bera: 5,000,000 - getwired.app
- Chris: 5,000,000 - resolvr.io
- NoGood: 10,000,000 - nostrexplained.com stories
October 2023
- SnowCait: 5,000,000 - https://nostter.vercel.app/ and other tools
- Shaun: 10,000,000 - https://yakihonne.com/, events and work on Nostr awareness
- Derek Ross: 10,000,000 - spreading the word around the world
- fmar: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/frnandu/yana
- The Nostr Report: 2,500,000 - curating stuff
- james magoo: 2,500,000 - the Obsidian plugin: https://github.com/jamesmagoo/nostr-writer
August 2023
- Paul Miller: 5,000,000 - JS libraries and cryptography-related work
- BOUNTY tijl: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/github-tijlxyz/wikinostr
- gzuus: 5,000,000 - https://nostree.me/
July 2023
- syusui-s: 5,000,000 - rabbit, a tweetdeck-like Nostr client: https://syusui-s.github.io/rabbit/
- kojira: 5,000,000 - Nostr fanzine, Nostr discussion groups in Japan, hardware experiments
- darashi: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/darashi/nos.today, https://github.com/darashi/searchnos, https://github.com/darashi/murasaki
- jeff g: 5,000,000 - https://nostr.how and https://listr.lol, plus other contributions
- cloud fodder: 5,000,000 - https://nostr1.com (open-source)
- utxo.one: 5,000,000 - https://relaying.io (open-source)
- Max DeMarco: 10,269,507 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA-jiiepOrE
- BOUNTY optout21: 1,000,000 - https://github.com/optout21/nip41-proto0 (proposed nip41 CLI)
- BOUNTY Leo: 1,000,000 - https://github.com/leo-lox/camelus (an old relay thing I forgot exactly)
June 2023
- BOUNTY: Sepher: 2,000,000 - a webapp for making lists of anything: https://pinstr.app/
- BOUNTY: Kieran: 10,000,000 - implement gossip algorithm on Snort, implement all the other nice things: manual relay selection, following hints etc.
- Mattn: 5,000,000 - a myriad of projects and contributions to Nostr projects: https://github.com/search?q=owner%3Amattn+nostr&type=code
- BOUNTY: lynn: 2,000,000 - a simple and clean git nostr CLI written in Go, compatible with William's original git-nostr-tools; and implement threaded comments on https://github.com/fiatjaf/nocomment.
- Jack Chakany: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/jacany/nblog
- BOUNTY: Dan: 2,000,000 - https://metadata.nostr.com/
April 2023
- BOUNTY: Blake Jakopovic: 590,000 - event deleter tool, NIP dependency organization
- BOUNTY: koalasat: 1,000,000 - display relays
- BOUNTY: Mike Dilger: 4,000,000 - display relays, follow event hints (Gossip)
- BOUNTY: kaiwolfram: 5,000,000 - display relays, follow event hints, choose relays to publish (Nozzle)
- Daniele Tonon: 3,000,000 - Gossip
- bu5hm4nn: 3,000,000 - Gossip
- BOUNTY: hodlbod: 4,000,000 - display relays, follow event hints
March 2023
- Doug Hoyte: 5,000,000 sats - https://github.com/hoytech/strfry
- Alex Gleason: 5,000,000 sats - https://gitlab.com/soapbox-pub/mostr
- verbiricha: 5,000,000 sats - https://badges.page/, https://habla.news/
- talvasconcelos: 5,000,000 sats - https://migrate.nostr.com, https://read.nostr.com, https://write.nostr.com/
- BOUNTY: Gossip model: 5,000,000 - https://camelus.app/
- BOUNTY: Gossip model: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/kaiwolfram/Nozzle
- BOUNTY: Bounty Manager: 5,000,000 - https://nostrbounties.com/
February 2023
- styppo: 5,000,000 sats - https://hamstr.to/
- sandwich: 5,000,000 sats - https://nostr.watch/
- BOUNTY: Relay-centric client designs: 5,000,000 sats https://bountsr.org/design/2023/01/26/relay-based-design.html
- BOUNTY: Gossip model on https://coracle.social/: 5,000,000 sats
- Nostrovia Podcast: 3,000,000 sats - https://nostrovia.org/
- BOUNTY: Nostr-Desk / Monstr: 5,000,000 sats - https://github.com/alemmens/monstr
- Mike Dilger: 5,000,000 sats - https://github.com/mikedilger/gossip
January 2023
- ismyhc: 5,000,000 sats - https://github.com/Galaxoid-Labs/Seer
- Martti Malmi: 5,000,000 sats - https://iris.to/
- Carlos Autonomous: 5,000,000 sats - https://github.com/BrightonBTC/bija
- Koala Sat: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/KoalaSat/nostros
- Vitor Pamplona: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/vitorpamplona/amethyst
- Cameri: 5,000,000 - https://github.com/Cameri/nostream
December 2022
- William Casarin: 7 BTC - splitting the fund
- pseudozach: 5,000,000 sats - https://nostr.directory/
- Sondre Bjellas: 5,000,000 sats - https://notes.blockcore.net/
- Null Dev: 5,000,000 sats - https://github.com/KotlinGeekDev/Nosky
- Blake Jakopovic: 5,000,000 sats - https://github.com/blakejakopovic/nostcat, https://github.com/blakejakopovic/nostreq and https://github.com/blakejakopovic/NostrEventPlayground
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@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93
2025-04-25 18:35:27
By Carl Tuckerson, - He Distributes Zines About Bitcoin at Farmer’s Markets
It started during a cacao ceremony in Topanga Canyon.
It wasn’t a choice. It was a cosmic calling.
I was journaling on decolonized papyrus in a reclaimed yurt when a fellow anarcho-herbalist whispered the word: Bitcoin.
Instantly, the Earth trembled. My chakras aligned like a DAO. My Wi-Fi became self-aware and connected directly to the blockchain of justice.
I didn’t “buy” Bitcoin. I spiritually bartered for it using emotional labor and ethically harvested mushrooms.
To me, Bitcoin isn’t about money. It’s about radical trustlessness in a trust-starved world. It’s mutual aid with a transaction ID. It’s non-binary gold that hates banks more than I hate brunch gentrification.
People say it’s volatile. I say: so was Harriet Tubman.
Bitcoin wasn’t just a currency. It was a call to decolonize my portfolio.
I didn’t “invest.”I participated in mutual liberation through cryptographic solidarity.
I mine it with solar panels made from shattered glass ceilings. My minor is unionized. My cold wallet is buried beneath a sacred grove, guarded by a community owl named Judith. Every transaction I make burns a sage stick and sends 3.5% to a reparations fund for digital land acknowledgment servers. And every transaction includes a land acknowledgment in the memo line.
Bitcoin is the only currency that vibrates at the frequency of abolition. It is the drum circle of finance. The fist raised in protest inside a spreadsheet.
So yeah. That’s how I got into Bitcoin.
While you were chasing yield, I was burning incense on the blockchain of liberation.
Now my bitcoin is woke, and so am I.
🪙💫 #ProofOfConsciousness
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/959199
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@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93
2025-04-25 16:29:29
A Decolonial Reflection on Sacred Property Destruction
By Carl Tuckerson,
Friends. Allies. Solar-powered thought leaders.
Today, I want to talk about liberation—not the easy kind, like quitting Amazon or unfollowing Elon Musk on X. I’m talking about radical liberation, the kind that involves keying a Tesla while whispering land acknowledgments under your breath.
I saw it happen. A sleek, smug, cyber-phallic Model Y parked diagonally in a bike lane, like it owned the ecosystem. And then—a hero arrived.
Not with violence. Not with anger. But with a purpose-driven glint in their eye and a freshly sharpened reusable spork.
With one long, sacred motion—scrrreeeeeetch—they inscribed the word “LAND BACK” into the hood like a decolonial haiku.
I wept. Gaia wept. The Tesla did not—we assume it doesn’t have feelings, unless Elon has figured that out yet.
And you may ask: “But isn’t that vandalism?”
To which I say: Is it vandalism, or is it performance art fueled by centuries of ecological betrayal and bad tweets?
Because let’s be honest:
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These are not cars.
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They are rolling monuments to techbro delusion.
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Shrines to lithium extraction.
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Electric yachts for the data-rich and soul-poor.
Elon Musk didn’t build Teslas to save the Earth. He built them to escape it. So when a Tesla gets “accidentally liberated” with a rock shaped like Che Guevara’s jawline, we’re not witnessing destruction—we’re witnessing reclamation.
It’s not just a scratch.It’s a scar.And scars tell stories.
Stories of resistance.Of accountability.Of a world that deserves better parking etiquette.
So the next time you see a Tesla with a shattered window and a note that says “This is what unregulated extraction feels like,” don’t call the cops. Call a therapist—for the billionaire who made it possible.
Remember: smashing is not violence if it’s done with emotional clarity and a restorative justice circle waiting nearby.
Smash the system (gently).Scratch the surface (with intention).Save the planet (symbolically, in a parking lot, at 2 a.m.).
— Carl, ~ Banned From Burning Man for Too Much Radical Honesty
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/958957
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@ 4898fe02:4ae46cb0
2025-04-25 16:28:47
BTW--Support The SN Weekly Zine https://stacker.news/items/928207/r/unschooled
📹 Edward Griffin, Trace Mayer and Max Wright Talks About Money And Bitcoin (2014):
https://stacker.news/items/922445/r/unschooled - In this video, Trace Myer and Edward Griffin answer some key questions such as, what is bitcoin and what problems does it solve. Myer is a bitcoiner OG and Griffin authored the highly esteemed work, The Creature from Jekyll Island, which goes into gruesome detail about the origins of the Federal Reserve Banking System. Both of them are very knowledgeable. The whole interview is worth a watch.
📹 Bitcoin: Global Utility w/ Alex Gladstein:
https://stacker.news/items/633438/r/unschooled - A talk delivered at Bitcoin 2024, given by HRF Chief Strategy Officer of the Human Rights Foundation (HRF), exploring "how Bitcoin is transforming commerce, promoting freedom, and revolutionizing our approach to energy consumption worldwide. From empowering the unbanked to saving wasted energy, learn about the real-world impact of this misunderstood technology."
📹 The future of energy? Brooklyn's bitcoin-heated bathhouse:
https://stacker.news/items/315998/r/unschooled - Behind the scenes of a traditional bathhouse in Brooklyn, something extraordinary is taking place: The pools, heated to 104 degrees, are not warmed by conventional means but by computers mining for bitcoin.
📚 Stranded: How Bitcoin is Saving Wasted Energy (Alex Gladstein, Bitcoin Magazine)
https://stacker.news/items/772064/r/unschooled - Here is an article written by Gladstein, again detailing how "if you aren’t mining Bitcoin, you are wasting energy."
📚 Opinion How a Bitcoin conference in Bedford changed the way I see financial freedom and human rights
https://stacker.news/items/942300/r/unschooled - A very cool editorial piece written by a journalist who attended Cheatcode 2025, a conference held in Bedford, UK, exploring how the conference changed his perspective of Bitcoin
The people on stage weren’t investors or salespeople. These weren’t blockchain bros chasing the next coin or market high. They weren’t there to get the audience to swallow the ‘orange pill’.\ These were activists who were using Bitcoin in a way not often reported. These people had everything taken from them and had needed to flee their homes to save their lives, but they had found a lifeline in digital currency.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/958945
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@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8
2025-04-25 16:14:58
Es gibt Taubenzüchter-Vereine, Schrebergarten-Vereine, nichts dagegen einzuwenden und eben auch den Bundespressekonferenz-Verein.
Voraussetzung für eine Mitgliedschaft ist das hauptberufliche Berichten über Bundespolitik, für deutsche Medien, aus Berlin und Bonn.
Wie es sich für einen ordentlichen Verein gehört, finanziert er sich aus den Mitgliederbeiträgen. Derzeit gibt es ca. 900 Parlamentskorrespondenten, die dem Verein angehören.
Bei der Chance um Aufnahme in den Verein, kann systemkonforme Berichterstattung unter Umständen hilfreich sein. Kritische Fragen, warum denn die Hecke nur 1,10 Meter hoch sein darf, hört man nicht so gerne. Das kann schon mal unangenehme Folgen haben, wie man an dem Verzicht auf Boris Reitschuster erkennen konnte. Da Florian Warwegs Garten auf der Nachdenkseite etwas außerhalb, fast auf der Grenze liegt, musste er sich in den Verein hineinklagen.
Wie es sich für einen ordentlichen Verein gehört, organisiert man einmal im Jahr ein Schrebergartenfest, das heißt beim BPK-Verein Bundespresseball. Für diese jährliche Sause wurde eigens die Bundespresseball GmbH gegründet, dessen alleiniger Gesellschafter die BPK ist. Eine GmbH wurde sicher nur deshalb gegründet, um die Haftung beim Eingehen von Verträgen zu beschränken. Mögliche Gewinne sind wohl eher ein Abfallprodukt. Hier könnte man näher nachschauen, auf welcher Müllhalde die landen.
Dem Beispiel folgend sollte der Schrebergarten-Verein eine Lampion GmbH und der Taubenzüchter-Verein eine Gurr-Gurr GmbH gründen.
Auf dem Bundespresseball feiert man sich selbst, um seiner selbst willen. Und man geht einer traditionellen Handwerkskunst nach, dem Knüpfen. Das Küren, wer die schönste Taube oder die dicksten Kartoffeln im Garten hat, ist nicht bekannt.
Erfahrung durch die Organisation von Show-Einlagen auf dem Bundespresseball kommen der Bundespressekonferenz sehr zugute.
Die deutsche Bundespolitik glänzt derzeit mit einem ungeheuren Optimierungspotenzial. Florian Warweg lässt mit seinen, leider oft lästigen Fragen, gerne auch einmal Friedenstäubchen fliegen, die in den heiligen Hallen gar nicht gerne gesehen werden, schon gar nicht, wenn sie … Federn lassen.
Auch werden leider regelmäßig giftige Äpfelchen gereicht, in die man gar nicht gerne hineinbeißen möchte.
Das Ergebnis sind dann eigentlich immer Aussagen, die an Durchhalteparolen kurz vor dem Untergang erinnern möchten: Wir haben die schönsten Gärten in Berlin und Bonn, alles ist gepflegt, es gibt nicht den geringsten Grund zur Kritik. Unsere Täubchen haben keine Milben, sie fliegen vom Zentrum der deutschen Macht in alle Welt und verbreiten mit ihren Flügelschlägen nur den sanften Wind von Unseredemokratie. Diese Friedenstäubchen haben außerdem noch nie jemandem auf den Kopf gekackt.
Der Architekt des Vereinssaals könnte einmal Richter gewesen sein, denn architektonisch gleicht der Aufbau der Verkündigungsstätte einem Gericht. Oben, an einem langen Pult, sitzen majestätisch die Vereinssprecher, manche sogar in schicken Uniformen, und schauen auf die tiefer sitzenden Fragenden herab, während sie geruhen, Antworten zu geben. Mit oft versteinerter Miene eröffnen sie dem interessierten Zuhörer Verlautbarungen, die man fälschlicherweise auch als Absonderung von Textbausteinen empfinden könnte, wenn man nicht ein geschultes Ohr für Pressesprech hätte. Besonders gut gelingt auch oft der starre Blick beim antworten auf denjenigen, der vielleicht die falsche Frage gestellt hat. Da wird einem ganz anders und auch sehr deutlich, wer hier Herr über die Wahrheit ist.
Manchmal kommt es dann aber doch vor, dass die Augen blinzeln, oder ein Zucken an den Mundwinkeln zu sehen ist, was aber nur auf die Nachwehen des letzten Bundespresseballs zurückzuführen ist.
Die Phantasie in den Begründungen der politischen Entscheidungen scheint grenzenlos zu sein. Wer einmal genau studieren möchte, wie man es anstellt, dass Fragen und Antworten ganz bestimmt nicht zusammenpassen, dem sei das regelmäßige Verfolgen dieser Show sehr zu empfehlen.
Hier nur eine kleine Kostprobe:
24.04.2025: Regierungssprecher Hebestreit nennt internationale Berichte über gefährdete Meinungsfreiheit in Deutschland „abstrus“
oder ganz:
https://www.nachdenkseiten.de/?p=132051
Recht hat er, der über alle Maße bewunderte, sehr gut ausgebildete und redegewandte Herr Hebestreit. Schließlich hat das Wahrheitsministerium sorgfältig recherchiert und die internationalen Berichte sind eindeutig auf eine Wahrnehmungsstörung der ausländischen Berichterstatter zurückzuführen. Bei uns ist nämlich alles in Ordnung, in bester Ordnung! Das war immer so, das bleibt auch so, und daran wird sich auch in Zukunft nichts ändern.
Im unwahrscheinlichen Falle der Verlosung einer Mitgliedschaft auf einem der nächsten Bundespressebälle sollte der Gewinner des Hauptpreises dem Beispiel von dem sehr geschätzten Herrn Reich-Ranicki folgen.
Alternative zur Vereins-Schau, wenn schon die Realität eh keine Rolle spielt: „Jim Knopf und Lukas der Lokomotiv-Führer“. Oder besser nicht? Ist ja nicht woke, obwohl da ein junger, reizender Afrikaner mit einer aparten Asiatin anbandelt.
Und die Bahn spielt auch mit. Die kann eine wichtige Rolle bei der Kriegstüchtigkeit spielen.
„Jeder sollte einmal reisen in das schöne Lummerland“:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiMmZTl4zdY
Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.
(Bild von pixabay)
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@ b80cc5f2:966b8353
2025-04-25 15:04:15
Originally posted on 15/09/2024 @ https://music.2140art.com/2140music-launch-brixton/
The 2140Music launch is here!
Come down and join us in the heart of London to celebrate our website launch and all-new events series.
We know that navigating the New Music Economy is not the easiest task and sometimes neither is finding other musicians elevating their work in such a new and novel way. So, we’ve decided to kick off events for the 2140Music launch in a light that seeks to create a safe, comfortable and most of all recognizable experience…with a twist.
We aim to thoroughly entertain and empower our guests with current knowledge of the alternative means and tools needed to succeed in the dynamic flow of the current and future ‘industry’.
What to expect
2140Music events aim to provide a cool mixture of entertainment, talks and networking activity, making each experience, exciting, fun and informative for all. Throughout the night, you will be thoroughly educated by our experienced team on the New Music Economy, its implications and opportunities.
Ground Floor
Network, meet, grab a drink at the bar, and be entertained by our artist performances and keynote talks. Later in the evening, join the open mic session, or enjoy music throughout the night with our resident DJs.
1st Floor
Join the community and learn more about 2140Music’s mission. Discover the inner workings of the New Music Economy, Bitcoin basics and more…
To see the full agenda for the evening, please see ourevent page.
When and Where?
We kick off at 18:00 (GMT) on Tuesday, November 5th 2024, at the Brixtonia Lounge, 35 Brixton Station Road, London, SW9 8PB.
Entry Cost
This event is FREE entry, just register on ourEventbritepage to attend!
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-04-25 13:23:38
Let's see if @Car can find the episode link this week! (Nobody tell him)
We're mid-NFL draft right now, but it will be in the books by the time we record. So far, we're happy with our teams' picks. How long will that last?
The other big thing on our radar is the ongoing playoffs in the NBA and NHL. We both have lots of thoughts on the NBA, but I'll need someone to walk me through what's happening in the NHL. I can tell it must be wild, from how the odds are swinging around.
In MLB news, I'm locked in a fierce battle with @NEEDcreations for the top spot in our fantasy league, while @grayruby and @supercyclone are in a domestic civil war. Will we have time to actually talk baseball or will we recycle the same tease from last week?
Of course, we'll sprinkle in territory talk and contest updates as we go, plus whatever else stackers want to hear about.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/958590
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@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd
2025-04-25 13:03:30
直车对横车 的概念
顺炮直车对横车：红方出直车（车一平二），黑方出横车（车 9 进 1），这是顺炮布局中常见的一种变化。红方直车可以快速出动，威胁黑方右翼，黑方横车则可以灵活调动，根据局势选择进攻或防守的方向。后续可能会出现红方进车过河压马，黑方出炮封车等变化，双方展开激烈的争夺。
顺炮直车对横车布局体系主要有以下分类：
- 古典攻法
- 顺炮过河车对横车：红车一平二后车二进六过河，以强硬攻势迅速压制黑方阵营。
- 顺炮缓补士对横车：红出直车后不急于补士（士四进五缓出） ，依黑方行棋灵活选择攻防策略。
- 顺炮跳边马对横车：红马八进九上边马，平炮通车平衡两翼子力，防止黑卒3进1争先，着法稳健。
- “胡氏双正马”攻法
- 顺炮直车进三兵对横车挺3卒：红进三兵、黑挺3卒形成牵制，红可借马三进四等手段跃马进攻。
- 顺炮直车进三兵对横车跳边马：红进三兵后，针对黑边马位置，以炮八平七等手段威胁黑方马获取局面优势。
- 顺炮直车进七兵对横车：红进七兵，黑车9平4后，红可选择车二进四巡河或车二进六过河等不同进攻战术。
- 顺炮直车“两头蛇”对双横车：红兵三进一、兵七进一构成“两头蛇”阵，与黑方双横车激烈争夺，红借双兵推进掌控空间，黑寻机反击。
- 其他常见变化
- 正马三兵与黑右肋车的攻防对抗；正马应对黑挺3卒的局面变化。
- 正马三兵对阵黑肋车边马；“两头蛇”阵势迎战黑双横车的局势博弈。
- 正马三兵对黑方马后藏车；“两头蛇”对黑正马边炮的局势发展。
- 红方正马左士应对黑右肋车；红方采用巡河车、五六炮的布局变化，以及双正马进七兵分别对黑正马、右肋车的局面策略 。
以下按照天天象棋棋谱整理的8种变化，这些变化有些大同小异。 最后都类似。
车二进六的变化（82）
顺炮横车破直车弃马001
====棋局开始* 1.炮二平五 炮８平５
2.马二进三
马８进７
3.车一进一
车９平８
4.车一平六
车８进６5.车六进七
马２进１
6.车九进一 炮２进７7.炮八进五 马７退８
8.炮五进四 士６进５
9.车九平六
将５平６
10.前车进一 士５退４11.车六平四
炮５平６
12.车四进六 将６平５
13.炮八平五
双正马三兵 变化（2202）
兵三进一 （473）
马八进九 （179）
红正马五六炮式（171）
兵七进一 （74）
红正马巡河车式（73）
士四进五（55）
- 古典攻法
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@ b80cc5f2:966b8353
2025-04-25 12:56:37
Originally posted on 04/12/2024 @ https://music.2140art.com/bitcoins-role-in-the-new-music-economy-more-than-an-ecosystem/
The phrase “New Music Economy” seems to be popping up more frequently lately. It caught our attention recently when we noticed others using it to describe shifts in the music industry—more control for artists, fewer intermediaries, and innovative tools for direct fan engagement.
Initially, we were intrigued but sceptical. What they described didn’t quite feel like a true economy. Was it really something new, or just a repackaging of old systems with modern tools?
This curiosity led us to dig deeper. We came across some of the term’s earliest uses, including a 2007 report titled “Social Interactions in the New Music Economy“ and a 2008 blog post by venture capitalist Fred Wilson. Both framed the “New Music Economy” as a reaction to the traditional industry’s inefficiencies and barriers, championing decentralisation and direct artist-to-fan relationships.
Fred Wilson, for instance, described the “New Music Economy” as an era where artists could bypass labels and connect directly with fans via platforms like SoundCloud, Bandcamp, and Kickstarter. While groundbreaking at the time, these solutions still relied heavily on legacy financial systems. The flow of value was streamlined, but the underlying economic structure—centralised payment processors, fiat currencies, and reliance on intermediaries—remained intact.
This made us realise something important: without fundamentally rethinking the financial layer, what we’ve seen as the “New Music Economy” is really just a better ecosystem. Bitcoin, however, has the potential to transform it into a true economy.
What Defines an Economy?
An economy isn’t just a system—it’s an infrastructure for creating, exchanging, and preserving value. Historically, the “New Music Economy” has been more about redistributing control than reinventing the infrastructure itself. Platforms like Spotify or Patreon help artists reach audiences and earn money, but they remain bound by centralised, fiat-based frameworks.
Fred Wilson and others rightly pointed out that artists no longer need gatekeepers like major labels. But what was left unsaid is that they’re still beholden to payment processors, inflationary currencies, and the rules of the traditional financial system.
Take, for instance, the concept of “fairness” in royalties. Artists rely on complex systems managed by labels and platforms to determine how much they’re owed. This creates an inherent opacity, and disputes over unpaid royalties or missing revenue streams are common.
And let’s not forget geography. Artists in emerging markets are often excluded from the global music economy due to a lack of accessible payment systems or expensive remittance fees.
This is where Bitcoin steps in to change the equation.
Bitcoin: The Financial Layer the Music Industry Needs?
Bitcoin does more than streamline payments—it replaces the entire financial layer with one that’s decentralised, global, and incorruptible. Here’s how it transforms the “New Music Economy” into something truly new:
- Censorship Resistance: With Bitcoin, artists can receive payments directly, bypassing platforms that can freeze or block funds (a real risk with PayPal, Patreon, or even banks). This is especially vital for artists in politically or economically unstable regions.
- Global Accessibility: Fans can support artists without worrying about remittance fees, currency conversions, or banking infrastructure. Bitcoin opens up a global marketplace for music.
- Deflationary Currency: Unlike fiat, Bitcoin isn’t subject to inflation. What an artist earns today won’t lose value tomorrow—it may even appreciate, making it a reliable store of value for long-term financial stability.
- Immutable Royalties: Bitcoin’s programmable nature allows for smart contracts. Artists can automate royalty splits and ensure they’re paid instantly and transparently whenever their work is sold or streamed.
Imagine a world where every time a song is streamed, payment flows instantly and directly to the artist, producers, and collaborators. No waiting months for a royalty cheque, no confusing statements, and no middlemen taking a cut.
Fred Wilson’s vision of artists controlling their own destinies was ahead of its time. But Bitcoin takes it a step further, addressing the economic shortcomings of platforms by creating a financial system that artists and fans can truly own.
Expanding the Vision with Real-World Examples
Let’s look at a practical scenario. An independent artist uploads their music to a decentralised streaming platform powered by Bitcoin. Every stream automatically triggers a micropayment through the Lightning Network, or other Bitcoin Layer 2’s splitting revenue between the artist and their collaborators according to a smart contract. Fans can also tip directly, sending Bitcoin with no middleman fees or delays.
Or consider an artist in a country with hyperinflation. Without access to stable banking systems, their earnings in local currency rapidly lose value. With Bitcoin, they have a deflationary currency that retains its worth, empowering them to support their craft sustainably.
For fans, Bitcoin creates new opportunities to engage directly with their favourite artists. Imagine buying concert tickets or exclusive content directly from an artist’s website using Bitcoin, without the inflated fees of ticketing platforms.
This approach isn’t just theoretical. Platforms exploring decentralised music solutions are already experimenting with these concepts, hinting at the vast potential of a truly Bitcoin-powered music industry.
The even further takeaway is that deeper-diving musicians, who understand the importance of running and operating their own Bitcoin nodes, never have to trust any platforms whatsoever with uploads either. Through protocols like V4V and Podcasting 2.0, musicians could in fact keep all of their masters on their own hard drive or server and stream them across every major platform with a feed.
Just these things at the tip of the iceberg with Bitcoin already brings being both the platform and the payment processor directly into the hands of the artists themselves; the bonus is that they can also be on every streaming platform at the same time without ever signing up to or involving another entity.
Without Bitcoin, It’s Just a System Upgrade
Let’s be honest: without Bitcoin, the “New Music Economy” doesn’t quite live up to its name. It’s still reliant on intermediaries—banks, payment processors, and fiat currencies—that introduce friction, fees, and vulnerabilities.
Sure, platforms like Patreon or Bandcamp make it easier for artists to earn, but they’re not fundamentally changing how value flows. It’s more accurate to call this a “New Music Ecosystem”—an improvement but still tethered to the old system.
Bitcoin flips the narrative. It removes gatekeepers entirely, enabling a direct, censorship-resistant, and inflation-proof flow of value between artists and fans. It’s not just a tool for payments; it’s the foundation of a new, decentralised financial infrastructure.
A Revolutionary Shift, or New Music Economy?
Fred Wilson’s early vision and the 2007 discussions around the “New Music Economy” planted the seeds for artist empowerment. But Bitcoin brings those ideas to their logical conclusion, creating a truly global and sovereign economic framework for music.
So, is the term “New Music Economy” overused or misunderstood? Without Bitcoin, it might be. But with Bitcoin, we’re looking at something genuinely revolutionary—an economy that finally lives up to its promise.
The question now is: are we ready to embrace it?
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@ 6ce88a1e:4cb7fe62
2025-04-25 12:48:39
Ist gut für Brot.
Brot für Brüder
Fleisch für mich
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@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3
2025-04-25 12:47:41
Bird story 4
This is a test post, 5-600 characters, no md or html. Should become kind 30023.
Dawn Sparrow flitted over dewy grass, eyes sharp for a wriggling worm. The meadow hummed with life, but her quarry hid well. She hopped, pecked, and tilted her head, listening for the faintest squirm. A rustle! Her beak darted into soft earth, pulling up a plump worm. Triumph! She soared to her nest, breakfast secured, as the sun warmed the fields. Her chicks chirped, eager for the meal. Dawn’s keen hunt ensured their strength, a small victory in the endless dance of survival. Each day, she’d search again, tireless, for the worms that sustained her family’s song.
Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@hostr/bird-story-4
Cross-posted using Hostr at https://github.com/crrdlx/hostr, version 0.0.1
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@ 6b3780ef:221416c8
2025-04-25 12:08:51
We have been working on a significant update to the DVMCP specification to incorporate the latest Model Context Protocol (MCP) version
2025-03-26, and it's capabilities. This draft revision represents our vision for how MCP services can be discovered, accessed, and utilized across the Nostr network while maintaining compatibility between both protocols.Expanding Beyond Tools
The first version of the DVMCP specification focused primarily on tools, functions that could be executed remotely via MCP servers. While this provided valuable functionality, the Model Context Protocol offers more capabilities than just tools. In our proposed update, DVMCP would embrace the complete MCP capabilities framework. Rather than focusing solely on tools, the specification will incorporate resources (files and data sources that can be accessed by clients) and prompts (pre-defined templates for consistent interactions). This expansion transforms DVMCP into a complete framework for service interoperability between protocols.
Moving Toward a More Modular Architecture
One of the most significant architectural changes in this draft is our move toward a more modular event structure. Previously, we embedded tools directly within server announcements using NIP-89, creating a monolithic approach that was challenging to extend.
The updated specification introduces dedicated event kinds for server announcements (31316) and separate event kinds for each capability category. Tools, resources, and prompts would each have their own event kinds (31317, 31318, and 31319 respectively). This separation improves both readability and interoperability between protocols, allowing us to support pagination for example, as described in the MCP protocol. It also enables better filtering options for clients discovering specific capabilities, allows for more efficient updates when only certain capabilities change, and enhances robustness as new capability types can be added with minimal disruption.
Technical Direction
The draft specification outlines several technical improvements worth highlighting. We've worked to ensure consistent message structures across all capability types and created a clear separation of concerns between Nostr metadata (in tags) and MCP payloads (in content). The specification includes support for both public server discovery and direct private server connections, comprehensive error handling aligned with both protocols, and detailed protocol flows for all major operations.
Enhancing Notifications
Another important improvement in our design is the redesign of the job feedback and notification system. We propose to make event kind 21316 (ephemeral). This approach provides a more efficient way to deliver status updates, progress information, and interactive elements during capability execution without burdening relays with unnecessary storage requirements.
This change would enable more dynamic interactions between clients and servers, particularly for long-running operations.
Seeking Community Feedback
We're now at a stage where community input would be highly appreciated. If you're interested in DVMCP, we'd greatly appreciate your thoughts on our approach. The complete draft specification is available for review, and we welcome your feedback through comments on our pull request at dvmcp/pull/18. Your insights and suggestions will help us refine the specification to better serve the needs of the community.
Looking Ahead
After gathering and incorporating community feedback, our next step will be updating the various DVMCP packages to implement these changes. This will include reference implementations for both servers (DVMCP-bridge) and clients (DVMCP-discovery).
We believe this proposed update represents a significant step forward for DVMCP. By embracing the full capabilities framework of MCP, we're expanding what's possible within the protocol while maintaining our commitment to open standards and interoperability.
Stay tuned for more updates as we progress through the feedback process and move toward implementation. Thank you to everyone who has contributed to the evolution of DVMCP, and we look forward to your continued involvement.
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@ 3de5f798:31faf8b0
2025-04-25 11:57:47
111111
This template is just for demo needs.
petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working -
@ 0001cbad:c91c71e8
2025-04-25 11:31:08
As is well known, mathematics is a form of logic — that is, it is characterized by the ability to generate redundancy through manifestations in space. Mathematics is unrestricted from the human perspective, since it is what restricts us; it is descriptive rather than explanatory, unlike physics, chemistry, biology, etc. You can imagine a world without physics, chemistry, or biology in terms of how these occur, but you cannot conceive of a world without mathematics, because you are before you do anything. In other words, it encompasses all possibilities.
You may be left without an explanation, but never without a description. Lies can be suggested with mathematics — you can write that “5+2=8,” but we know that’s wrong, because we are beings capable of manipulating it. Explanations are not necessary; it stands on its own. It is somewhat irreverent in its form, and this elicits its truth.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
An interesting way to think about mathematics is that it consists of “points,” where the only variation is their position. It is possible to conceive of a drastically different world, no matter how it differs, but we can only treat them as such because they are the same — except for their location. That is, the creation of a plane becomes possible. This leads us to infer that mathematics is the decoupling of space-time, allowing one to play emperor. In this sense, something that is independent of time can be considered as an a priori truth.
As Wittgenstein put it:
Death is not an event in life: we do not live to experience death. If we take eternity not as an infinite temporal duration but as timelessness, then eternal life belongs to those who live in the present. We can summarize what has been said so far using the following logic:
We are limited by time. You, as a being, can only be in one place at a given moment. Mathematics is independent of time. Therefore, its elements (points) encompass all locations simultaneously. If its elements exist throughout all logical space at once, mathematics transcends time; and if things vary according to time, then mathematics is sovereign. Thus, the point is this: since nothing distinguishes one point from another except position, a point can become another as long as it has a location. That is, it only requires the use of operators to get there.
Operators = act
To clarify: there is no such thing as a distance of zero, because it does not promote redundancy. It’s as if the condition for something to qualify as a mathematical problem is that it must be subject to redundancy — in other words, it must be capable of being formulated.
An interesting analogy is to imagine yourself as an omnipresent being, but with decentralized “consciousness,” that is, corresponding to each location where your “self” is. Therefore, people anywhere in the world could see you. Given that, when you inhibit the possibility of others seeing you — in a static world, except for yours — nothing happens; this is represented by emptiness, because there is no relationship of change. It is the pure state, the nakedness of logic, its breath.
You, thinking of your girlfriend, with whom you’ve just had an argument, see a woman walking toward you. From a distance, she resembles her quite a lot. But as she gets closer, you suddenly see that it isn’t her, and your heart sinks. Subtext: You are alive.
Diving deeper, “0” stands to redundancy as frustration stands to “life”; both are the negation of a manifestation of potential — of life. Yet they are fundamental, because if everything is a manifestation of potential, what value does it have if there is nothing to oppose it?
Corollary: There are multiple locations — and this configuration is the condition for redundancy, since for something to occupy another position, it must have one to begin with, and zero represents this.
A descriptive system
The second part of this essay aims to relate mathematics to what allows it to be framed as a “marker” of history: uncertainty — and also its role as an interface through which history unfolds.
From a logical assumption, you cannot claim the nonexistence of the other, because to deny it is to deny yourself.
As Gandalf said:
Many that live deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be too eager to deal out death in judgment. The issue is that we are obsessed with the truth about how the human experience should be — which is rather pathological, given that this experience cannot be echoed unless it is coupled with a logical framework coherent with life, with the factors that bathe it. That is, a logically coherent civilizational framework must be laced with both mathematics and uncertainty. We can characterize this as a descriptive plane, because it does not induce anything — it merely describes what happens.
Thus, an explanatory framework can be seen as one that induces action, since an explanation consists of linking one thing to another.
A descriptive framework demands a decentralized system of coordination, because for a story to be consistent, it must be inexpressible in its moments (temporal terms) and yet encompass them all. A valid analogy: History = blockchain.
To be part of history, certainty must outweigh uncertainty — and whoever offers that certainty must take on a corresponding uncertainty. Pack your things and leave; return when you have something to offer. That is the line of history being built, radiating life.
Legitimacy of Private Property
As previously woven, there is something that serves as a precondition for establishing conformity between the real plane and the mathematical one — the latter being subordinate to the logical, to life itself. The existence of the subject (will/consciousness) legitimizes property, for objects cannot, by principle, act systematically — that is, praxeological. It makes no sense to claim that something incapable of deliberate action possesses something that is not inherently comprehensible to it as property, since it is not a subject. An element of a set has as its property the existence within one or more sets — that is, its existence, as potential, only occurs through handling.
The legitimacy of private property itself is based on the fact that for someone to be the original proprietor of something, there must be spatiotemporal palpability between them, which is the mold of the world. Therefore, private property is a true axiom, enabling logical deductions that allow for human flourishing.
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@ cff1720e:15c7e2b2
2025-04-25 10:59:35
Erich Kästner (1899-1974) ist den meisten bekannt als erfolgreicher Kinderbuchautor, “Emil und die Detektive”, “Das fliegende Klassenzimmer”, und andere mehr. Als Teilnehmer des ersten Weltkriegs und Zeitzeuge des zweiten, hat er auch zahlreiche aufrüttelnde Gedichte gegen den Krieg geschrieben. \ \ Stimmen aus dem Massengrab\ Verdun, viele Jahre später\ Große Zeiten\ \ „Das entscheidende Erlebnis war natürlich meine Beschäftigung als Kriegsteilnehmer. Wenn man 17-jährig eingezogen wird, und die halbe Klasse ist schon tot, weil bekanntlich immer zwei Jahrgänge ungefähr in einer Klasse sich überlappen, ist man noch weniger Militarist als je vorher. Und eine dieser Animositäten, eine dieser Gekränktheiten eines jungen Menschen, eine der wichtigsten, war die Wut aufs Militär, auf die Rüstung, auf die Schwerindustrie.“
Auf den Schlachtfeldern von Verdun\ wachsen Leichen als Vermächtnis.\ Täglich sagt der Chor der Toten:\ „Habt ein besseres Gedächtnis!"
Offensichtlich funktioniert das kollektive Gedächtnis nicht so gut, wenn solch plumpe Kriegshetzer in alberner Verkleidung sich plötzlich wieder großer Beliebtheit erfreuen.
"Die Ereignisse von 1933 bis 1945 hätten spätestens 1928 bekämpft werden müssen. Später war es zu spät. Man darf nicht warten, bis der Freiheitskampf Landesverrat genannt wird. Man darf nicht warten, bis aus dem Schneeball eine Lawine geworden ist. Man muss den rollenden Schneeball zertreten. Die Lawine hält keiner mehr auf."
So wird eine friedliebende Gesellschaft systematisch in eine militaristische transformiert. Was wird der Titel der nächsten Sondersendung sein: "wollt ihr den totalen Krieg"?
„Erst wenn die Mutigen klug und die Klugen mutig geworden sind, wird das zu spüren sein, was irrtümlicherweise schon oft festgestellt wurde: ein Fortschritt der Menschheit.“
Höchste Zeit den Mut zu entwickeln sich dem Massenwahn zu widersetzen um das Unheil zu verhindern. Zwei Weltkriege haben Deutschland schwer geschadet, ein Dritter würde es auslöschen. Erinnern wir uns an Karthago, bevor es zu spät ist!
Kennst Du das Land, wo die Kanonen blühn?\ Du kennst es nicht? Du wirst es kennenlernen!\ Dort stehn die Prokuristen stolz und kühn\ in den Büros, als wären es Kasernen.
Dort wachsen unterm Schlips Gefreitenknöpfe. \ Und unsichtbare Helme trägt man dort.\ Gesichter hat man dort, doch keine Köpfe.\ Und wer zu Bett geht, pflanzt sich auch schon fort!
Wenn dort ein Vorgesetzter etwas will \ - und es ist sein Beruf etwas zu wollen -\ steht der Verstand erst stramm und zweitens still.\ Die Augen rechts! Und mit dem Rückgrat rollen!
Die Kinder kommen dort mit kleinen Sporen \ und mit gezognem Scheitel auf die Welt.\ Dort wird man nicht als Zivilist geboren.\ Dort wird befördert, wer die Schnauze hält.
Kennst Du das Land? Es könnte glücklich sein. \ Es könnte glücklich sein und glücklich machen?\ Dort gibt es Äcker, Kohle, Stahl und Stein\ und Fleiß und Kraft und andre schöne Sachen.
Selbst Geist und Güte gibt's dort dann und wann! \ Und wahres Heldentum. Doch nicht bei vielen.\ Dort steckt ein Kind in jedem zweiten Mann.\ Das will mit Bleisoldaten spielen.
Dort reift die Freiheit nicht. Dort bleibt sie grün. \ Was man auch baut - es werden stets Kasernen.\ Kennst Du das Land, wo die Kanonen blühn?\ Du kennst es nicht? Du wirst es kennenlernen!
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@ 9223d2fa:b57e3de7
2025-04-26 05:11:43
0 steps
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@ e8744882:47d84815
2025-04-25 10:45:49
Top Hollywood Movies in Telugu Dubbed List for 2025
The world of Hollywood cinema is packed with action, adventure, and mind-blowing storytelling. But what if you could enjoy these blockbuster hits in your language? Thanks to Dimension on Demand (DOD) and theHollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list, fans can now experience international cinema like never before. Whether you love fantasy battles, high-stakes heists, or sci-fi horror, these top picks are perfect for Telugu-speaking audiences!
Let’s explore three must-watch Hollywood films that have captivated global audiences and are now available in Telugu for an immersive viewing experience.
Wrath Of The Dragon God – A Battle of Magic and Power
Magic, warriors, and an ancient evil—Wrath Of The Dragon God is an epic fantasy that keeps you on the edge of your seat. The film follows four brave heroes who must unite to retrieve a powerful orb and stop the villainous Damodar before he awakens a deadly black dragon. With the fate of the world at stake, they use elemental forces to battle dark magic in a spectacular showdown, making it a must-watch from the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.
This thrilling adventure brings together breathtaking visuals and a gripping storyline that fantasy lovers will adore. Directed by Gerry Lively, the film features a stellar cast, including Robert Kimmel, Brian Rudnick, and Gerry Lively, who bring their characters to life with incredible performances. If you're a fan of legendary fantasy films, this one should be at the top of your Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.
Why This Fantasy Adventure Stands Out:
- Action-Packed Battles – Epic war sequences between magic and monsters
- A Gripping Storyline – A journey filled with suspense and high-stakes, making it a must-watch from the Telugu dubbed Hollywood films
- Visually Stunning – Breathtaking CGI and cinematic excellence
Riders – The Ultimate Heist Thriller
What happens when a group of expert thieves plan the ultimate heist? Riders is a fast-paced action thriller that follows a team of robbers attempting five burglaries in five days to steal a whopping $20 million. With intense chase sequences, double-crosses, and high-stakes action, this film keeps you hooked from start to finish, making it a standout in the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.
Featuring Stephen Dorff, Natasha Henstridge, Bruce Payne, and Steven Berkoff, the movie boasts a talented cast delivering electrifying performances. Dorff, known for his roles in Blade and Somewhere, plays a criminal mastermind determined to outwit the law. Directed by Gérard Pirès, Riders is a must-watch for action lovers looking for heart-racing excitement in their Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.
What Makes This Heist Film a Must-Watch?
- High-Octane Action – Non-stop thrill from start to finish
- A Star-Studded Cast – Featuring Hollywood’s finest actors in a Hollywood movie dubbed in Telugu
- Smart & Engaging Plot – Twists and turns that keep you guessing
Grabbers – A Sci-Fi Horror with a Unique Twist
Ever wondered what it takes to survive an alien invasion? Grabbers bring a hilarious yet terrifying answer: getting drunk! When bloodsucking creatures invade a remote Irish island, the residents discover that alcohol is their only defense against these monstrous aliens. This unique blend of horror, comedy, and sci-fi makes for an entertaining ride, securing its place in the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.
Starring Killian Coyle, Stuart Graham, Richard Coyle, and Ruth Bradley, the movie’s cast delivers brilliant performances. Bradley, who won the IFTA Award for Best Actress, plays a courageous officer trying to protect the islanders. Directed by Jon Wright, Grabbers is a refreshing take on alien horror, making it a fantastic addition to the Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list.
Why This Sci-Fi Horror is a Must-Watch:
- A Unique Concept – Survival through Drunken Defense Tactics
- Action/ Horror/Si-Fi Combined – A perfect mix of action, sci-fi, and scares in the Telugu-dubbed Hollywood movies list
- Outstanding Performances – Ruth Bradley’s award-winning role
Why Watch These Hollywood Movies in Telugu Dubbed List on DOD?
DOD (Dimension On Demand) brings Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list to your screen, ensuring a seamless and immersive viewing experience. Whether you love action, horror, or sci-fi, these films deliver top-notch entertainment in your preferred language. With high-quality dubbing and engaging storytelling, DOD makes it easier than ever to enjoy Hollywood’s best!
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Conclusion
Hollywood’s biggest hits are now more accessible than ever, thanks to high-quality dubbing that brings these stories to life in regional languages. Whether it's the magical battles of Wrath Of The Dragon God, the thrilling heist in Riders, or the hilarious alien invasion in Grabbers, these films offer something for every movie lover. With Hollywood movies in Telugu dubbed list, audiences can enjoy global cinema without language barriers. So grab your popcorn, tune into DOD, and get ready for an unforgettable movie marathon!
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@ cc31c8fe:4b7c54fd
2025-04-25 10:30:41
== January 17 2025
Out From Underneath | Prism Shores
crazy arms | pigeon pit
Humanhood | The Weather Station
== february 07 2025
Wish Defense | FACS
Sayan - Savoie | Maria Teriaeva
Nowhere Near Today | Midding
== february 14 2025
Phonetics On and On | Horsegirl
== february 21 2025
Finding Our Balance | Tsoh Tso
Machine Starts To Sing | Porridge Radio
Armageddon In A Summer Dress | Sunny Wa
== february 28 2025
you, infinite | you, infinite
On Being | Max Cooper
Billboard Heart | Deep Sea Diver
== March 21 2025
Watermelon/Peacock | Exploding Flowers
Warlord of the Weejuns | Goya Gumbani
== March 28 2025
Little Death Wishes | CocoRosie
Forever is a Feeling | Lucy Dacus
Evenfall | Sam Akpro
== April 4 2025
Tripla | Miki Berenyi Trio
Adagio | Σtella
The Fork | Oscar Jerome
== April 18 2025
Send A Prayer My Way | Julien Baker & TORRES
Superheaven | Superheaven
Thee Black Boltz | Tunde Adebimpe
from brooklyvegan
== April 25 2025
Face Down In The Garden |Tennis
Under Tangled Silence | Djrum
Viagr Aboys |Viagra Boys
Blurring Time | Bells Larsen
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@ 1b9fc4cd:1d6d4902
2025-04-25 10:17:32
Songwriting is a potent artistic expression that transcends borderlines and barriers. Many songwriters throughout history have perfected the art of crafting lyrics that resonate with audiences. In this article, Daniel Siegel Alonso delves into the nuanced realm of songwriting, exploring how songwriters like Lou Reed, Joni Mitchell, and Nina Simone have connected with listeners through their evocative and timeless lyrics.
**The street poet ** Siegel Alonso begins with the quintessential urban poet: Lou Reed. Reed transformed gritty, day-to-day experiences into lyrical masterpieces. As the front man of the proto-punk band The Velvet Underground, Reed's songwriting was known for its rawness and unflinching depiction of urban life. His lyrics often examined social alienation, the throes of addiction, and the pursuit of authenticity.
In songs like the now iconic "Heroin," Reed's explicit descriptions and stark narrative style draw listeners into the psyche of a person battling addiction. Lyrics such as "I have made the big decision / I'm gonna try to nullify my life" convey a haunting sense of sorrow and yearning for numbness. At the height of free love and flower power, Reed's ability to confront such complex subjects head-on allowed listeners to find solace in shared experiences, fostering a sense of connection through his candid storytelling.
Reed's influence extends beyond his provocative themes. His conversational singing style and use of spoken word elements in songs like "Walk on the Wild Side" subvert traditional songwriting norms, making his work not just music but a form of urban poetry. Reed's legacy lies in his ability to capture the essence of human experience.
**The painter of emotions ** Joni Mitchell's songwriting is often described as painting with words. Her intricate and poetic lyrics delve deep into personal and emotional landscapes, creating vivid imagery and profound reflections on life and love. Mitchell's work is a testament to the power of introspection and the beauty of vulnerability in songwriting.
On her 1971 studio album Blue, Mitchell bares all with songs that explore heartache, longing, and self-discovery. Songs like "A Case of You" contain poignant and visually evocative lyrics: "Oh, I could drink a case of you, darling / Still, I'd be on my feet." Siegel Alonso says Micthell's mastery of weaving personal tales with universal emotions creates a deeply intimate listening experience.
Joni Mitchell's innovative musical compositions complement her lyrical prowess. She often employs unusual guitar chord progressions and tunings, which add a distinctive color to her songs. This type of musical experimentation, combined with Joni's introspective verses, invites listeners into her world, offering comfort and understanding. Mitchell has formed a timeless bond with her audience through her artistry, demonstrating that the most intimate, private songs often resonate the most universally.
**The voice of the civil rights movement ** Nina Simone's songwriting is a powerful testament to music's role in social activism. Known for her unusual, soulful voice and fiery performances, Simone used her platform to address racial injustice, inequality, and civil rights issues. Her lyrics tend to be a call to action, urging her listeners to reflect on the unjust world and strive for change.
Simone's song "Mississippi Goddam" is a prime example of her fearless approach to songwriting. Written in response to the murder of Medgar Evers and the bombing of a church in Birmingham, Alabama, the song's cutting lyrics combined with its upbeat tempo create a startling contrast that underscores the urgency of her message. "Alabama's gotten me so upset / Tennessee made me lose my rest / And everybody knows about Mississippi Goddam." Through her craft, Simone shared the frustration and fury of the Civil Rights Movement, galvanizing her listeners to join in the fight for justice.
Another poignant example is her track "Four Women," which tells the stories of four African American women, each representing different aspects of the Black experience in America. Simone's lyrics powerfully explore identity, resilience, and oppression, with each character's narrative spotlighting broader social issues. Her talent to articulate the suffering and strength of her community through her lyrics has left an indelible mark on the music industry and the world.
The art of songwriting is more than just crafting words to fit a melody; it is about creating a connection between the artist and the listener. Lou Reed, Joni Mitchell, and Nina Simone each exemplify this in their unique ways. Reed's gritty realism, Mitchell's poetic introspection, and Simone's passionate activism all demonstrate the transformative power of lyrics.
Through their songs, these artists have touched countless lives, offering comfort, understanding, and inspiration. Their lyrics serve as a reminder that music is a universal language, capable of bridging divides and fostering empathy. The art of songwriting, as demonstrated by these legendary figures, is a profound way of connecting with the human experience, transcending time and place to reach the hearts of listeners everywhere.
In a world where words can often feel inadequate, Siegel Alonso offers that the right lyrics can express the breadth and depth of human emotion and experience. Whether through Lou Reed's uncomfortable honesty, Joni Mitchell's emotive landscapes, or Nina Simone's fervent activism, the art of songwriting continues to be a vital force in connecting humanity.
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@ 1f79058c:eb86e1cb
2025-04-25 09:27:02
I'm currently using this bash script to publish long-form content from local Markdown files to Nostr relays.
It requires all of
yq,jq, andnakto be installed.Usage
Create a signed Nostr event and print it to the console:
markdown_to_nostr.sh article-filename.mdCreate a Nostr event and publish it to one or more relays:
markdown_to_nostr.sh article-filename.md ws://localhost:7777 wss://nostr.kosmos.orgMarkdown format
You can specify your metadata as YAML in a Front Matter header. Here's an example file:
```md
title: "Good Morning" summary: "It's a beautiful day" image: https://example.com/i/beautiful-day.jpg date: 2025-04-24T15:00:00Z tags: gm, poetry published: false
In the blue sky just a few specks of gray
In the evening of a beautiful day
Though last night it rained and more rain on the way
And that more rain is needed 'twould be fair to say.— Francis Duggan ```
The metadata keys are mostly self-explanatory. Note:
- All keys except for
titleare optional date, if present, will be set as thepublished_atdate.- If
publishedis set totrue, it will publish a kind 30023 event, otherwise a kind 30024 (draft) - The
dtag (widely used as URL slug for the article) will be the filename without the.mdextension
- All keys except for
-
@ 8d5ba92c:c6c3ecd5
2025-04-25 09:14:46
Money is more than just a medium of exchange—it’s the current that drives economies, the lifeblood of societies, and the pulse of civilization itself. When money decays, so does the culture it sustains. Take fiat, for example. Created out of thin air and inflated into oblivion, it acts like poison—rewarding conformity over sovereignty, speculation over creation, and exploitation over collaboration.
A culture built this way fails to foster true progress. Instead, it pushes us into darker corners where creativity and truth become increasingly scarce.
From the food we eat to the media we consume, much of modern culture has become a reflection of this problem—prioritizing shortcuts, convenience, and profit at any cost. It seems there’s no room left for depth, authenticity, or connection anymore.
Art, for example—once a sacred space for meaning, and inner calling—has not been spared either. Stripped of its purpose, it too falls into gloom, weaponized to divide and manipulate rather than inspire beauty and growth.
“Art is the lie that reveals the truth” as Picasso once said.
Indeed, this intriguing perspective highlights the subjectivity of truth and the many ways art can be interpreted. While creative expression doesn’t always need to mirror reality one-to-one—actually, often reshaping it through the creator’s lens—much of what we’re surrounded with these days feels like a dangerous illusion built on the rotten incentives of decaying values.
The movies we watch, the music we hear, and the stories we absorb from books, articles, ads, and commercials—are too often crafted to condition specific behaviors. Greed, laziness, overconsumption, ignorance (feel free to add to this list). Instead of enriching our culture, they disconnect us from each other, as well as from our own minds, hearts, and souls.
If you see yourself as a Bitcoiner—or, as I like to call it, ‘a freedom fighter at heart’—and you care about building a world based on truth, freedom, and prosperity, please recognize that culture is also our battleground.
Artistic forms act as transformative forces in the fight against the status quo.
Join me and the hundreds of guests this May at Bitcoin FilmFest 2025.
You don’t have to be a creative person in the traditional sense—like a filmmaker, writer, painter, sculptor, musician, and so on—to have a direct impact on culture!
One way or another, you engage with creative realms anyway. The deeper you connect with them, the better you understand the reality we live in versus the future humanity deserves.
I know the process may take time, but I truly believe it’s possible. Unfiat The Culture!
Bitcoin FilmFest 2025. May 22-25, Warsaw, Poland.
The third annual edition of a unique event built at the intersection of independent films, art, and culture.
“Your narrative begins where centralized scripts end—explore the uncharted stories beyond the cinema.” - Details: bitcoinfilmfest.com/bff25/ - Grab 10% off your tickets with code YAKIHONNE!
-
@ 2e941ad1:fac7c2d0
2025-04-26 02:34:53
Unlocks: 79
-
@ f18b1f8f:5f442454
2025-04-25 09:08:02
218684c8f0ba4c869250d3a2e6875c20
Retrograde, or "Emma", is a talent management agent for content creators. The interface is efficient - e-mail in, correspondence gets analysed and actions taken on behalf of a client. It helps clients manage deals and opportunities. Founded by Grace Beverley, Jake Browne and Gary Meehan.
Listing: https://agentlist.com/agent/218684c8f0ba4c869250d3a2e6875c20
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@ 5188521b:008eb518
2025-04-25 08:06:11
Ecology
When my father died, an entire ecosystem of beneficiaries withered. Moussa Ag El Khir funded scholarships and community projects, paying thousands of Dinars monthly to stop the oasis town of In Salah from burning up. The few families we knew operating outside the oil-field economy would be forced to flee to the Mediterranean coast, along with just about every other Berber.
It wasn’t unexpected. My father had cystic fibrosis for all sixty-one years of his life. So far, that’s the only legacy he’s passed on to his children. My brothers are just carriers, but me, his precious daughter ended up like him in more ways than one.
We sat there in the lawyer’s office in Algiers, my brothers and I, staring at the ledger which contained payment for his life’s work.
“And he only left one word in his will?” asked Ibrahim for the third time. Ecology.
The lawyer said Moussa was very clear. He chose each of the keys himself. The contents of the ledger would belong to whoever could decode his life — those who understood the real meaning. Then he cut all communications and walked into the Sahara. The Tuareg caravan on the road to Akabli found his body a week later, reddened by sand burn.
Earth
We made an agreement that day. To share each word we discovered. We could break the code together. Of course, Ibrahim and Hama didn’t share anything. We barely speak. That’s what happens when one child follows their father into science, and her two brothers move to France the minute they get rich enough to buy a wife. I bet they spent longer looking into legal loopholes to get their hands on my father’s assets than they did trying to identify the keys.
That day was the start of my second life, and I went from research assistant at a regional university to private-key detective. 2048 words and few clues where to start. Although I was 27, I was virtually a grandmother according to the In Salah wives. But of course, I could never be a grandmother, or even a mother. Every night, I scoured photos in the family archive. An initial sweep of his digital footprint returned no out-of-place instances of any keywords.
It took me a year to find the GPS tag he’d added to one photo — an eighteen-year-old daughter standing next to a father proud of his first infinite solar prototype. The panel has long-since been torn out by the oil corp, but the base is still there. I drove the three kilometres from the town limit and shone the high beams at the spot. When I got out, the air was cool but still thick with sand. A few more steps through sinking dunes, and I saw it. He’d scratched a little globe into the blistered metal, and for a moment, my mucus-laden lungs tasted clear air.
Trigger
The next word took three years. Friends, contacts, professors, biographers — visits to anyone with whom he might have left a clue. But it was in the In Salah hospital, where, upon a routine CF checkup with Jerome Devailier, a French doctor, ‘trigger’ appeared. The government might stack everything against the desert peoples, but they hadn’t taken away healthcare. I’d been living off the kindness of neighbours while finishing my thesis on the very solar technology my father developed. How could he have known the ‘buyer’ was just a tendril of the very oil company he sought to defeat.
Dr Devalier went through the list of carcinogens and allergens to avoid with my new drugs. Over forty triggers which could be my downfall. If I was lucky, I’d live as long as my father did.
By then, my research stipend was long gone. I existed on toughened bread and soup, which always carried the taste of the scorched city air. Yet, I stayed. The public library, disconnected from the grid by the oil corp, was where I finished my manuscript. They would fight its publication. Since father’s money no longer flowed into the town, many had deserted me. There were those who said he killed an entire people by selling his solar patent to the wrong buyers. Others in In Salah worshipped his name, but eventually, they all trudged north to the cities. My brothers sold the family home from under me, forcing me to follow.
When I returned from the hospital, I dug out my father’s medical documents. On every page, the word ‘trigger’ was underlined. That was the moment I knew my life’s work would be unlocking the ledger, not publishing studies on long-dead solar panel technology. That battle was lost.
They
All we need is a simple document, but here, it is the administrators’ job to send people away. Physical copies are only issued in extreme circumstances. Citizens’ Registry screens played endless repetitions of how to apply for digital documents. The shrill voices of family members desperate for the original copy of a pirated document drowned the TV messaging. Women removed headscarves and revealed thick black hair; teenagers paced. The atmosphere thickened with sweat. And hours passed. Each appointment required a reset of digital protocol, biometric tests, and identity cards from legal descendents. Through counterfeit identities, our Dinars leak into the hands of criminals, but still the government denies the need for bitcoin. They just print more money. They is the word my father used for the government that fought his patent so hard.
After a four-hour wait, I discovered that the physical death certificate included an ‘identifying mark’ on the deceased’s body. The ink was fresh — etched into the shoulder blade of a man who wished to turn his back on the government that ignored its people. The tattoo read aqqalan, the Tamasheq word for they.
Scheme
It took two trips to his cluttered Marseille office to convince him I was serious. Two visas, two flights, and the small amount from the sale of the family house. But few detectives wanted to work for a promise.
The ledger could not legally be owned in Algeria, and Laurent Mercier was the only serious professional who entertained a percentage of what was on there. The solar tech patent and documents from my father were enough to start Laurent on the trail. ‘Preliminary,’ he said, until I had the ledger in my possession.
“Flying is not easy with my condition,” I said.
He lowered his sunglasses. “Working is not easy without money.”
Contact with my brother through the lawyer in Algiers was achingly slow, but eventually they agreed to give me possession. What was 33% of nothing anyway? Years had gone by.
So, when I sat for the second time, in the sweaty office in Marseille, I gave Laurent the ledger, and he handed me a surprise. In all his business affairs, my father used little English, but the word ‘scheme’ appeared in all three company names he incorporated in the last three years of his life. We had our fifth word, and I finally had someone on my side.
Make
Some days, I could barely walk to the public library. I became lethargic and mostly sat in the cool dark of my room in the shelter. The government refused to provide housing outside of Algiers, but a Tuareg organisation from Mali opened a shelter in In Salah. Bulging eyes and faded clothes stared back in the mirror each day. How long had it been since I’d been to a wedding, or celebrated a friend’s child? Occupants came and went, and all that was left was a barren room and one meal per day.
As the sun punished the city with every ray of Allah’s untapped gift, streets grew thick with dust, and the local government fell, seat by seat, to oil execs. The only transport running was to and from the oil fields, which belched the remnants of the land into the sky. And still they worked. Still they sat on my father’s patent and refused to supply the world with efficient solar power.
With little else to cling onto, I harboured thoughts of how I could spend the ledger money. Fixing the town and replanting lost gardens. Bringing people back. That all took a back seat to decoding the message my father was sending. Laurent and I began to believe that the keys he chose formed some sort of instruction for his legacy.
Ten years to the day after his death, I was in the public library, looking for clues in an English history book. On my exit, the librarian stopped me.
“We have a gift for you, Kana.”
I waited while he fetched a package.
“Your father instructed me to give this to you. But not before this date.”
My hands tore open the package. More books, technical manuals, and hand-written notes. Amongst the papers was a tasselled leather bookmark embossed with the four letters that comprised one of the seven missing words. Make.
Citizen
It’s hard for a father in Algeria to admit to his daughter that she is his spirit — the heir to his life’s work. Of course he felt terrible guilt after our mother’s passing. That was when the letters started.
Moussa wrote to himself really, trying to come to terms with bringing a protégé into the world with a bright scientific mind and lungs that would snap her life expectancy. We communicated by letter for the last few years of his life — sharing the breakthroughs of his findings and what it might mean for our decaying oasis town. Analogue writing was the only real privacy, he said. His letters always ran to the same length, as if they were one lesson divided into equal chunks. We even exchanged letters during his last hospitalisation in Algiers. Those words were the only real strength I gained.
It was Laurent who analysed the letters with a new text scanning tool. For me, my father’s last letters were advice, regret, pain, and love, but to Laurent, they were simply a puzzle to solve to get one step closer.
Our letters gave Laurent the idea to communicate via physical mail. The process was painful, with letters sent from outlying towns before being shipped across the Alboran Sea and up into France. Muatin was one name my father called me. Like him, I dreamed of helping many through science. This was one of the few Arabic words in the French letters he wrote. It was also the only keyword included in any of the letters. Citizen.
When
Years of quiet followed. In Salah became unlivable after they co-opted the city reservoir for cooling drilling rigs. Each study that proved the field was still viable funnelled funds away from the locals who clung on. Resettlement benefits went up, and all but the semi-nomadic Tuaregs left. I followed. My health could not take much more desert. In the cooler coastal plains, I recovered strength, and subsidies for new medications helped me survive on a meagre teaching salary.
With no further clues, my Marseillais detective lost interest. His last letter, sent years ago, stated with unusual brevity that he was resigning the case. No payment was due.
I had lost my health, my father, his work, my money, our house, the town, and I spent each week delivering science and English classes to teenagers. They had no more hope for our country than I had. Algerians had already lost the Sahara. A one-degree temperature shift each decade of my life had shrunk Africa and sent its peoples northwards.
My father’s word puzzle occupied my thoughts. The combinations and permutations of letters and characters had millions of possible meanings but only one correct answer. Yet simple linguistic logic provided the next word. The headteacher was a linguist — a profession long lost to the higher-powered text analysers and language AI. He spoke little English but asked about the categorisations of grammatical terms in the 2048 key words.
“Why do you ask?”
“Because,” he said, “for a sentence of twelve words, at least one conjunction is necessary to form a second clause.”
He was right. I had been focussing on lists and complex codes to build my father’s motto. When I got home, I furiously searched my list of terms for conjunctions. I found only one. ‘When.’
Can
The permutations were still huge. Even eliminating some of the more conceptual words did not help. Millions of sentences existed in my dead father’s mind. Millions of meanings, all lost to the need for more energy to fund the world’s great thirst for energy. Still, the panels in most of the ‘dead middle’ (as the space between the tropics became known) melted at over 50 degrees.
I was back in Paris for CF treatment. As a young woman, I would have been pleased to make fifty years. But the realities of daily visits and the sickness brought on by medication stung. I wanted things to end, even when I discovered the next key.
It had been years since I had dreamed of the freedoms my father’s fortune could bring. Parts of Asia held out against bitcoin, but the cost of countries doing business off-network had become prohibitive. Eventually, the fossil conglomerates would give in to the need for solar mining and the provision of universal energy.
It was in a Parisian hospital bed that I discovered ‘can.’ My wardmate, a rough labourer from Oran, found a biography in the hospital library that made me sit up straight. ‘Can’ was repeated in almost every description of my father in his one-time business partner’s book. And it was this Arabian ‘businessman,’ Abdulkarim Rahman, who brokered the deal that robbed the world of infinite solar power. Each page mocked my father as believing only physical impossibilities are impossible. He branded him the ‘can man.’
Drastic
During my recuperation, I spent the final two weeks of my visa stay in Marseille. My days passed with endless algorithm tweaks to reject or accept word orders for the elusive twelve-word sentence my father once wrote.
Food lost its taste, and friends and colleagues in academia had scattered. In-person meetings were often contained to the night hours, but Marseille was not a place to go out after dark. The latest protests had gotten violent, and the government looked likely to topple. My people had always been resilient, but when the option to move and operate a caravan was removed by General Hafiz, part of my spirit died. I resolved to spend my final years in In Salah, however uncomfortable they would be.
My final port of call before returning was Laurent’s office. The eTaxi cast me out into the dusty street, and I wheezed as I climbed the three flights of stairs to his tiny door on Rue Marché. We hadn’t spoken in years, but I was surprised to find a different name about the door. Pascale Dupont, Investigateur.
The assistant I remembered was quite the opposite to Laurent — slow and methodical, short and heavy set.
“Madame,” he said. “I have difficult news.”
Their business had always straddled the law, but I never imagined an ex-officer of the law could be convicted of treason.
“A closed-door trial,” said Pascale. Then he handed over an air-gapped 3D storage file. “Laurent knew you would come for this.”
My mind cast forward to the reams of information he must have built on my father. The patents and technical diagrams he illegally acquired and other clues. I instantly recognised the brand of storage file as a keyword. Drastic.
“How can I thank him?”
“He is dead, madame.” Pascale hung his head. “He survived prison for only two weeks.”
Must
My final years brought me home. In Salah had gained fame for its one group of Tuaregs who refused to leave. The Lakzis owned a house in a desperate condition, not dissimilar to my failing body. By the age of fifty-two, I could no longer walk, but they welcomed me. I pooled my disability allowance and some money I’d gained from selling my father’s watch. We waited for the world to mourn the death of a once great city. We would keep it alive by refusing to move, by refusing to permit its rebranding as an ‘industrial area.’ Now the oil fields were finally drying up, they wanted to dig under the town.
We had managed to eliminate half of the remaining words. Just under 1,000 possible selections for the final two words, but little idea of an order.
The problem was that I was the only English speaker among them, and it took great energy to attempt to teach the meaning of the words and possible grammatical constructions for my father’s sentence.
But soon, patterns began to emerge. Fragments of word pairings and groups. ‘Trigger drastic scheme’ appeared again and again in the permutations. ‘They can’ and ‘When they can’ gave a tantalising glimpse. We ranked sentences in terms of likelihood to form the full key and categorised them by the most likely remaining words. Due to the need for a modal verb, ‘must’ scored highest by our calculations.
In this race to unlock the ledger before In Salah’s destruction, we nosed ahead.
Yet the day of that discovery was my final day in the desert. An air ambulance transported my feeble body to Algiers, and I would never return.
They messaged me — so close. They would unlock the ledger with the final word after my operation. The bitcoin could undo the wrongs of the past, and my father’s sentence would live on.
End
The phrase which began the global revolution first appeared on the wall of a much-disputed oil refinery in the desert outside In Salah, Algeria.
When they can make ecology end, citizen earth must trigger drastic scheme
Soon, the graffiti marked government buildings in Algiers. Activists took to the streets. Governments crumbled and currencies collapsed. Climate groups received massive donations said to come from ‘the one,’ a ledger with a huge stack written off by financiers the world over. The codebreaker credited with unlocking the ledger was unable to witness the transfer of 10,000 coins to the Global Climate Fund due to her death, aged 52, from a congenital condition.
The words of Moussa Ag El Khir now mark each of the millions of panels, which line the ‘dead middle.’ They contribute over 80% of the Earth’s power supply.
To mark the fiftieth anniversary of his death, the World Climate Forum will be held in the town of his birth, In Salah, Algeria. This story, compiled from the diaries of his daughter, Kana Ult El Khir, will be read as the opening address of the conference.
This story was originally published in 21 Futures: Tales From the Timechain
To continue the story of the real-world treasure (sats) use the address (it's real).\ Who knows, maybe some zaps will find their way into the wallet...
-
@ 866e0139:6a9334e5
2025-04-25 08:01:51
Autor: Sabrina Khalil. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.
Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.
„Immer wieder ist jetzt“ übertitelt unsere Sprecherin Sabrina Khalil ihren Text, den sie für die Friedensnoten geschrieben hat. Das gleichnamige Gedicht hat Jens Fischer Rodrian vertont. Sabrina Khalil ist Schauspielerin, Musikerin und Sprecherin, u.a. für Radio München.
Das gleichnamige Gedicht hat Jens Fischer Rodrian für das Album "Voices for Gaza" vertont.
https://protestnoten.de/produkt/voices-for-gaza-doppel-cd/
Sprecher des Textes: Ulrich Allroggen
Dieser Beitrag erschien zuerst bei Radio München.
LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!
Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt.
Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen:
- Für 50 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube.
- Für 120 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
- Für 500 CHF/EURO werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
- Ab 1000 CHF werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie).
Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):
Für Einzahlungen in Euro:
Milosz Matuschek
IBAN DE 53710520500000814137
BYLADEM1TST
Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg
Betreff: Friedenstaube
Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: friedenstaube@pareto.space
Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.
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@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64
2025-04-25 07:11:19
„Immer wieder ist jetzt“ übertitelt unsere Sprecherin Sabrina Khalil ihren Text, den sie für die Friedensnoten geschrieben hat. Das gleichnamige Gedicht hat Jens Fischer Rodrian für das Album "Voices for Gaza" vertont.
https://protestnoten.de/produkt/voices-for-gaza-doppel-cd/ https://bfan.link/voices-for-gaza
Sprecher des Textes: Ulrich Allroggen
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@ a93be9fb:6d3fdc0c
2025-04-25 07:10:52
This is a tmp article
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@ 7299ba1e:f0a3280d
2025-04-25 21:19:36
ALL PEOPLE ARE EQUAL BEFORE GOD.
Any attempt to change, add, or remove the laws of this Constitution will be condemned to the death penalty.
ARTICLE 1. Theft, Murder, Assault
Section 1: Cases of Theft: A property shall not have two owners.
In these cases, the offender must pay a fine equivalent to double the value of what was taken.Section 2: Cases of Murder:
For murder, the offender shall be subject to the death penalty.Section 3: Assault:
In cases of physical assault, the offender who violates these measures, thereby causing harm to someone, shall be held accountable as follows:
They must cover all costs of the victim's recovery until full recovery is achieved.
Additionally, the aggressor shall suffer the same injuries inflicted on the victim; they shall be assaulted in the same manner.
ARTICLE 2. Insults - Accusations
Section 1: (Insults/Non-Criminal Accusations):
In both cases, if such acts cause damage to an individual’s reputation and, if the accusation is true but the accused considers it false, both parties shall meet and undergo a reconciliation process known as "Jejuato."Section 2: (Punishment for False Accusation):
Anyone who falsely accuses another of a crime, and it is proven that the accusation was false, shall be treated as if they were the perpetrator of the crime.Section 3: Investigation Requests:
If someone wishes to initiate an investigation, they must raise a doubt and request an investigation into the case. The investigation shall be conducted such that the investigator must reveal as much about their own life as they uncover about the life of the investigated.Section 4: Jejuato and Reconciliation:
A meeting must take place between the two involved parties, where they shall reach a mutual agreement, being willing to listen to each other and arrive at a solution satisfactory to both.Section 5: In Case of Non-Resolution:
If no agreement is reached, both parties must continue discussing until a mutual conclusion is achieved.
They are prohibited from eating until the matter is fully resolved, to ensure complete focus on the issue.
ARTICLE 3. Zoophilia and/or Necrophilia
Section 1: Committed by Men:
In cases of carnal relations with animals, both the animal and the perpetrator shall be executed.
If the act is committed with a corpse, the penalty shall be the same as above.Section 2: Committed by Women:
If committed by a woman, the animal shall be executed, but the woman shall be spared.
In cases of necrophilia...Section 3: Reasons for Sparing Women:
The reproductive value of women is considered, as well as their nature, which entails fewer responsibilities. Women are barred from serving as judges.Section 4: Consequences for Future Generations:
A woman who commits such crimes will not be punished on the first offense, but if she repeats it, her limbs will be amputated, and her future daughters will be "diluted" up to the third generation or until a specific gene is identified for this purpose.
None of her children will be allowed to reproduce, nor the children of her daughters, nor the children of her granddaughters. Only after this will male descendants of this female lineage be permitted to reproduce.
ARTICLE 4. Suicide
Section 1:
In cases of attempted suicide, if someone tries to take their own life, they shall be killed by impalement.
ARTICLE 5. Divorce
Section 1:
Divorce may be requested by either party for any reason. However, if the dominant spouse expresses a desire to repudiate the other, the repudiated party shall receive half of the dominant spouse’s income, as follows:Section 2: Custody of Children:
Custody of the children shall remain with the dominant spouse. However, if they remarry, custody shall pass to the repudiated spouse. The non-dominant repudiated spouse shall not have custody unless the dominant spouse remarries.Section 3: Alimony for the Repudiated Spouse:
The dominant spouse who requests a divorce shall be obligated to pay half of their income to the repudiated spouse. The repudiated spouse shall have the right to a pension equivalent to 50% of the dominant spouse’s income, paid indefinitely. The non-dominant repudiated spouse is prohibited from remarrying. However, if the repudiated spouse is the dominant one, they shall leave without alimony or assets and may remarry. In the case of a second marriage followed by another divorce, the second repudiated spouse shall receive half of the remaining income not allocated to the previous repudiated spouse. If this process repeats successively, it shall be as follows: the second repudiated spouse receives ¼ of the income, the third receives ⅛, and so on in infinite succession in cases of serial monogamy.Section 4: Division of Assets:
All assets shall remain under the authority of the dominant spouse within the marriage, whether male or female.Section 5: Divorce in Cases of Polygamy:
In cases of polygamy, the repudiated party shall receive a fraction of 50% of the income, divided by the number of spouses in the marriage at the time of repudiation. In cases of further repudiations, the repudiated party shall receive what remains of the 50% (previously divided among prior marriages).Section 6: Divorce Contract:
This is an irreversible type of divorce, where all forms of separation are nullified.
Thus, both parties assume a responsibility that eliminates the possibility of divorce, establishing an agreement to never separate.
ARTICLE 6. Political Organization System
Section 1: Power Exercised by a Judge:
Power shall be exercised by a judge chosen by the vote of no more than 200 electors to adjudicate cases among them. The vote shall be open by elimination: among the maximum of 200 electors, one candidate shall be chosen for elimination, and so on until only one remains, who shall become the judge.Section 2: Selection of Electors:
Electors shall be married men in their first monogamous marriage, neither divorced nor widowed.Section 3: Selection of Judges for Higher Instances up to the Last:
Electors shall choose a judge to mediate judgments and adjudicate cases among people under the authority of other judges.
When a judge is chosen to serve as a second-instance judge or a judge among judges, they shall relinquish their first-instance judge position, and the second-place candidate shall assume it. This judge shall adjudicate cases among judges and cases involving people under different judges’ authority.
The maximum number of judge-electors for second-instance judges shall be 50.On Generations:
When a new generation forms its judges, these judges, once elected, shall choose higher-instance judges among themselves, forming judges across generations.
ARTICLE 7. Declaration of War / Succession of Positions
Section 1: Declaration of War by a Judge:
If the responsible judge declares war, they must immediately resign from their position and be replaced by a new judge to assume their role.
Only then shall they be assigned to appear on the battlefield alongside the troops, assuming their new role.
If the judge refuses to resign without a valid justification, they shall be considered a traitor to the homeland and subjected to the death penalty, which may be carried out by anyone.Section 2: Succession of Positions:
When a judge resigns in cases of war, a successor shall be appointed to take their place.
If there is no immediate successor, the second-most voted candidate from the last judicial election shall assume the position.
The successor judge or the second-most voted candidate must assume their duties after the resignation of the judge who declared war.
ARTICLE 8. Judgment Between Electors and Non-Electors
Section 1: Judgment Between Non-Electors:
If a non-elector citizen needs to choose a judge to represent them, the selection shall be as follows: They must request a judge to adjudicate their case, and if the non-elector is accepted, that judge shall be their representative.Section 2: Crimes Between Electors and Non-Electors:
If a citizen commits a crime against a non-citizen, the competent judge for the trial shall be the judge of the citizen harmed by the crime.Section 3: Judgment Between Citizens (Non-Electors) Without Judges:
If a citizen commits a crime and no competent judge is available to adjudicate either party, the following procedure shall be adopted:
If none of the involved parties have a judge, the trial shall be referred to the nearest available judge willing to adjudicate the case first.
In the absence of a competent judge, the second-instance judge, who adjudicates cases among judges and between citizens of different judges, shall take the necessary measures to ensure both parties are judged and the issue resolved.
ARTICLE 9. Taxes and Distribution of Taxes
Section 1:
Only income taxes below 10% shall be permitted. Inflation is considered a tax.
Taxes on assets or inheritance are prohibited. If a judge attempts to impose such taxes, they shall be condemned to death. If a judge generates monetary inflation to raise funds, they shall be condemned to death, executable by anyone willing.Section 2:
The judge collecting taxes shall retain half for their discretionary use, and the other half shall be sent to the higher instance, and so on until the final instance.* -
@ d34e832d:383f78d0
2025-04-25 07:09:36
1. Premise
The demand for high-capacity hard drives has grown exponentially with the expansion of cloud storage, big data, and personal backups. As failure of a storage device can result in significant data loss and downtime, understanding long-term drive reliability is critical. This research seeks to determine the most reliable manufacturer of 10TB+ HDDs by analyzing cumulative drive failure data over ten years from Backblaze, a leader in cloud backup services.
2. Methodology
Data from Backblaze, representing 350,000+ deployed drives, was analyzed to calculate the AFR of 10TB+ models from Seagate, Western Digital (including HGST), and Toshiba. AFR was calculated using cumulative data to reduce volatility and better illustrate long-term reliability trends. Power-on hours were used as the temporal metric to more accurately capture usage-based wear, as opposed to calendar-based aging.
3. Results and Analysis
3.1 Western Digital (including HGST)
- Ultrastar HC530 & HC550 (14TB & 16TB)
- AFR consistently below 0.35% after the initial “burn-in” period.
- Exhibited superior long-term stability.
- HGST Ultrastar HC520 (12TB)
- Demonstrated robust performance with AFR consistently under 0.5%.
- Excellent aging profile after year one.
3.2 Toshiba
- General Performance
- Noted for higher early failure rates (DOA issues), indicating manufacturing or transport inconsistencies.
- After stabilization, most models showed AFRs under 1%, which is within acceptable industry standards.
- Model Variability
- Differences in AFR observed between 4Kn and 512e sector models, suggesting firmware or controller differences may influence longevity.
3.3 Seagate
- Older Models (e.g., Exos X12)
- AFRs often exceeded 1.5%, raising concerns for long-term use in mission-critical applications.
- Newer Models (e.g., Exos X16)
- Improvements seen, with AFRs around 1%, though still higher than WD and HGST counterparts.
- Seagate’s aggressive pricing often makes these drives more attractive for cost-sensitive deployments.
4. Points Drawn
The data reveals a compelling narrative in brand-level reliability trends among high-capacity hard drives. Western Digital, especially through its HGST-derived Ultrastar product lines, consistently demonstrates superior reliability, maintaining exceptionally low Annualized Failure Rates (AFRs) and excellent operational stability across extended use periods. This positions WD as the most dependable option for enterprise-grade and mission-critical storage environments. Toshiba, despite a tendency toward higher early failure rates—often manifesting as Dead-on-Arrival (DOA) units—generally stabilizes to acceptable AFR levels below 1% over time. This indicates potential suitability in deployments where early failure screening and redundancy planning are feasible. In contrast, Seagate’s performance is notably variable. While earlier models displayed higher AFRs, more recent iterations such as the Exos X16 series have shown marked improvement. Nevertheless, Seagate drives continue to exhibit greater fluctuation in reliability outcomes. Their comparatively lower cost structure, however, may render them an attractive option in cost-sensitive or non-critical storage environments, where performance variability is an acceptable trade-off.
It’s crucial to remember that AFR is a probabilistic measure; individual drive failures are still possible regardless of brand or model. Furthermore, newer drive models need additional longitudinal data to confirm their long-term reliability.
5. Consider
Best Overall Choice: Western Digital Ultrastar HC530/HC550
These drives combine top-tier reliability (AFR < 0.35%), mature firmware, and consistent manufacturing quality, making them ideal for enterprise and archival use.Runner-Up (Budget Consideration): Seagate Exos X16
While reliability is slightly lower (AFR ~1%), the Exos series offers excellent value, especially for bulk storage.Cautionary Choice: Toshiba 10TB+ Models
Users should be prepared for potential early failures and may consider pre-deployment burn-in testing.
6. Recommendations for Buyers
- For mission-critical environments: Choose Western Digital Ultrastar models.
- For budget-focused or secondary storage: Seagate Exos offers acceptable risk-to-cost ratio.
- For experimental or non-essential deployments: Toshiba drives post-burn-in are serviceable.
7. Future Work
Based on publicly available Backblaze data, which reflects data center use and may not perfectly map to home or SMB environments. Sample sizes vary by model and may bias certain conclusions. Future research could integrate SMART data analytics, firmware version tracking, and consumer-use data to provide more granular insight.
References
- Backblaze. (2013–2023). Hard Drive Stats. Retrieved from https://www.backblaze.com/blog
- Manufacturer datasheets and reliability reports for Seagate, Western Digital, and Toshiba. -
@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64
2025-04-25 07:09:25
Wo, wenn nicht in Dresden, sollte man sich einig sein, in der Frage nach „Krieg oder Frieden“? Doch 80 Jahre nach der flächendeckenden Brandbombardierung Dresdens macht sich in dieser Stadt wieder verdächtig, wer so etwas selbstverständliches wie Frieden einfordert.
Am vergangenen Karfreitag fand eine große Friedensprozession in der sächsischen Metropole statt. Kriegerisch jedoch war die Berichterstattung. Mit Falschbehauptungen und verdrehungen wurde die Friedensaktion und deren Akteure beschädigt. Dorne im Auge der Betrachter waren womöglich Dieter Hallervorden und die Politologin Ulrike Guérot mit Reden, die dringender nicht sein könnten. Ulrike Guérot stellte zugleich das European Peace Project vor, das am 9. Mai mit jedem einzelnen von uns in ganz Europa stattfindet.
Der Liedermacher Jens Fischer Rodrian war am Karfreitag ebenfalls vor Ort und widmete der Rede von Guérot eine Friedensnote. Hören Sie seinen Beitrag mit dem Titel „Wiederauferstehung eines Friedensprojekts“. europeanpeaceproject.eu/en/
Bild: Demoveranstalter
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@ 8125b911:a8400883
2025-04-25 07:02:35
In Nostr, all data is stored as events. Decentralization is achieved by storing events on multiple relays, with signatures proving the ownership of these events. However, if you truly want to own your events, you should run your own relay to store them. Otherwise, if the relays you use fail or intentionally delete your events, you'll lose them forever.
For most people, running a relay is complex and costly. To solve this issue, I developed nostr-relay-tray, a relay that can be easily run on a personal computer and accessed over the internet.
Project URL: https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-tray
This article will guide you through using nostr-relay-tray to run your own relay.
Download
Download the installation package for your operating system from the GitHub Release Page.
| Operating System | File Format | | --------------------- | ---------------------------------- | | Windows |
nostr-relay-tray.Setup.x.x.x.exe| | macOS (Apple Silicon) |nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x-arm64.dmg| | macOS (Intel) |nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x.dmg| | Linux | You should know which one to use |Installation
Since this app isn’t signed, you may encounter some obstacles during installation. Once installed, an ostrich icon will appear in the status bar. Click on the ostrich icon, and you'll see a menu where you can click the "Dashboard" option to open the relay's control panel for further configuration.
macOS Users:
- On first launch, go to "System Preferences > Security & Privacy" and click "Open Anyway."
- If you encounter a "damaged" message, run the following command in the terminal to remove the restrictions:
bash sudo xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine /Applications/nostr-relay-tray.appWindows Users:
- On the security warning screen, click "More Info > Run Anyway."
Connecting
By default, nostr-relay-tray is only accessible locally through
ws://localhost:4869/, which makes it quite limited. Therefore, we need to expose it to the internet.In the control panel, click the "Proxy" tab and toggle the switch. You will then receive a "Public address" that you can use to access your relay from anywhere. It's that simple.
Next, add this address to your relay list and position it as high as possible in the list. Most clients prioritize connecting to relays that appear at the top of the list, and relays lower in the list are often ignored.
Restrictions
Next, we need to set up some restrictions to prevent the relay from storing events that are irrelevant to you and wasting storage space. nostr-relay-tray allows for flexible and fine-grained configuration of which events to accept, but some of this is more complex and will not be covered here. If you're interested, you can explore this further later.
For now, I'll introduce a simple and effective strategy: WoT (Web of Trust). You can enable this feature in the "WoT & PoW" tab. Before enabling, you'll need to input your pubkey.
There's another important parameter,
Depth, which represents the relationship depth between you and others. Someone you follow has a depth of 1, someone they follow has a depth of 2, and so on.- Setting this parameter to 0 means your relay will only accept your own events.
- Setting it to 1 means your relay will accept events from you and the people you follow.
- Setting it to 2 means your relay will accept events from you, the people you follow, and the people they follow.
Currently, the maximum value for this parameter is 2.
Conclusion
You've now successfully run your own relay and set a simple restriction to prevent it from storing irrelevant events.
If you encounter any issues during use, feel free to submit an issue on GitHub, and I'll respond as soon as possible.
Not your relay, not your events.
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@ 526bec6a:07c68d13
2025-04-25 06:46:46
Welcome to Whitey's Hub: Hack Shack & Party Pharmacy on Nostr The decentralized underworld of Nostr just got a whole lot darker. Nestled within the encrypted, censorship-resistant corners of the Nostr protocol, Whitey's Hub is the ultimate destination for those who crave the forbidden. This isn't just a market—it's a movement. Anonymity, security, and freedom are our currencies, and we’re here to deliver.
Xpresspostt Party Pharmacy: From the finest powders and crystals—cocaine, crack, methadrone and crystal meth—to the greenest buds of marijuana and the most potent opiates, our Party Pharmacy is stocked to satisfy any high. Looking for something more exotic? Our catalog includes pills, oxy, ice, and speed, ensuring your next party is unforgettable. All transactions are facilitated through Nostr's decentralized network, with public key encryption and escrow services that you the buyer can choose.
Hack Shack: Step into the digital underworld. Here, you'll find premium American and Canadian financial credentials, fraud services, and dirty script malware and cracked software. Whether you're looking to boost your cyber arsenal or gain unauthorized access to the world's most secure systems, our tutorials and software will guide you every step of the way. All communications are encrypted and decentralized, thanks to Nostr's secure relay system.
Ebooks & Tutorials: Elevate your game with our collection of eBooks and guides. Learn the art of fraud, master the dark web, or dive into the world of cyber espionage. Knowledge is power, and at Whitey's Hub, we empower. Our content is distributed directly through Nostr's decentralized channels, ensuring it’s uncensorable and always accessible.
Security & Anonymity: Nostr’s decentralized, open-source protocol ensures your identity remains hidden and your activities untraceable. All transactions are secured with end-to-end encryption, and our escrow system is built on trustless, cryptographic principles. Your privacy is our priority, and Nostr’s design guarantees it.
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@ 8096ed6b:4901018b
2025-04-25 18:51:56
🎵 Gone Country by Alan Jackson
🔗 https://song.link/us/i/258730216
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@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2
2025-04-25 06:22:27
CHAPTER TWELVE
"Who in the world is knocking like that?" Susan grumbled as she approached the front door, the loud thud clearly interrupting her peaceful afternoon.
She swung the door open sharply and immediately, her face twisted with disdain.
"You again?" she spat with venom. "What are you doing here, James? Haven’t you embarrassed this family enough?"
James stood calmly at the threshold, wearing his usual tattered and weathered clothes. His expression was composed, though his eyes revealed the exhaustion of someone who had endured too much for too long.
"I just wanted to see Rita," he said quietly, his voice tinged with longing but not weakness.
Susan laughed, cold and cruel. "See Rita? Dressed like that? You look like you crawled out of a dumpster. Don’t you have any shame? This isn’t the street where you beg for leftovers. It’s the Ray residence!"
Before James could utter another word, Susan, holding a glass of water in her hand, flung it into his face with disgust. The icy splash soaked his shirt and clung to his skin. The suddenness of it made him flinch, but he didn’t retaliate.
"And if I see you here again, I’ll make sure you’re dragged out by your ears!" she hissed.
The commotion quickly drew the attention of Helen, Rita’s mother, who stormed to the door with a glare.
"What is going on here, Susan? Why are you shouting like" She stopped abruptly when she saw James standing there, drenched and still calm. Her eyes narrowed.
"Oh, it’s you," she scoffed. "What do you want now, you jobless disgrace? Coming here to leech again?"
"Mother, please, I" James tried to explain.
"Don’t call me that! I’m not your mother, and you are no longer part of this family!" Helen shrieked, before pulling out her phone. "I'm calling the police right now. You need to be removed from this property permanently!"
Inside the house, Rita heard the shouting and came rushing downstairs, her heart dropping when she saw her husband standing like a soaked stray dog at their doorstep, humiliation written all over his face.
"James… please," she whispered as she gently approached him. "Just go. Not like this. Not today."
His eyes met hers, and for a moment, his resolve wavered. He had come to see her, to remember what home used to feel like. But this place no longer felt like home.
Moments later, a patrol car pulled into the driveway. Two officers stepped out, firm and ready for confrontation. The lead officer, tall and broad-shouldered, approached the group until his eyes landed on James.
There was a brief pause.
Then, the officer’s face lit up with recognition. "Master James!" he exclaimed, breaking into a wide smile as he stepped forward and embraced him like an old friend.
Susan and Helen’s jaws nearly hit the ground.
"Kenneth?" James blinked in surprise.
"Yes, sir! It’s me Kenneth. Do you remember? You helped me when my son needed surgery, even when you had nothing! I’ll never forget that. What happened here? Who did this to you?" Kenneth’s voice shifted into concern as he noticed James’s soaked shirt.
"It’s fine," James said, managing a small smile. "Don’t make trouble here. It’s not worth it. Please… let it go. For my wife’s sake."
Kenneth frowned, clearly not happy, but he respected James too much to argue. He turned toward Helen and Susan, his tone now sharp and professional.
"You’re lucky he’s a merciful man," he said coldly. "Because if it were up to me, you’d both be charged with public harassment."
He gave James one last look, a mixture of respect and sorrow, before turning back to the car.
James stood for a few seconds longer, then nodded to Rita before stepping away, leaving the house that had long stopped being a home.
As the police car disappeared into the distance, Susan muttered under her breath, "How does someone like him even know the head of patrol?"
"Are you sure this is everything?" Lisa asked her assistant, checking through the neatly packaged folder she held in her manicured hand.
"Yes, ma’am. That’s the most outstanding project we have. If JP Enterprises approves, it could breathe life into Ray Enterprises again," the assistant replied.
Lisa gave a satisfied nod and stepped into the driver’s seat of the sleek black SUV. As the assistant secretary of Ray Enterprises, this was her chance to make an impression that could fast-track her rise to the top. Promotion was within reach if this proposal went well.
It was early afternoon when she arrived at the imposing glass building of JP Enterprises. The logo gleamed under the sun, a symbol of unmatched success and prestige. She walked briskly through the entrance, heels clicking confidently on the marble floor, and introduced herself to the front desk staff.
"I’m here to see the President of JP Enterprises. I represent Ray Enterprises and have a proposal that demands his attention," she declared with poise.
The general secretary, seated calmly at the reception, glanced up and gave her a professional smile. "The President is currently away from his office. You may have to wait a bit. Would you prefer to sit here, or would you like to be notified upon his return?"
Lisa gave a nod. "I'll wait outside briefly. I left my phone in the car. Kindly notify me once he’s in."
She turned and walked outside. As she approached the parking lot, she noticed a familiar yet irritatingly disheveled figure walking into the building.
James.
He wore his usual plain, faded clothes hardly fitting for someone walking into a place like JP Enterprises. Lisa didn’t hesitate to launch an insult.
"Back again to beg, are we?" she said mockingly, narrowing her eyes as she crossed paths with him. "This isn’t a shelter for street men, James. Some places are just too grand for certain people."
James didn’t respond. He only glanced at her with the calm of a man who knew something she didn’t. Lisa rolled her eyes and headed back to retrieve her phone.
By the time she returned, the secretary informed her, "The President has just returned. You may go in now."
Lisa adjusted her blazer, tucked the folder neatly under her arm, and proceeded toward the private elevator that would take her to the executive floor. She entered the spacious office, ready to deliver her well-rehearsed pitch.
But as she stepped through the grand doors, she froze.
Seated confidently behind the massive desk, dressed in a sleek tailored suit, was James.
Her eyes widened in disbelief.
"What... what is this?" she stammered.
James looked up slowly, his expression unreadable.
"Miss Lisa," he said smoothly, "I see you’ve come to present a proposal."
She was completely speechless. The same man she had mocked moments ago now sat before her as the very person she came to impress.
"I didn’t know"
"No, you didn’t," James interjected, his tone firm but calm. "Unfortunately, I won’t be reviewing this proposal. JP Enterprises is not interested in any form of collaboration with Ray Enterprises at this time."
"But sir"
"You may leave now, Miss Lisa. Kindly ensure you exit the premises without further disturbance."
He pressed the intercom. "Security, please escort the representative from Ray Enterprises out of the building."
Crushed and humiliated, Lisa nodded awkwardly and backed out of the office, her hands trembling. As she exited the building, every step felt heavier than the last. She had blown her opportunity. Badly.
She drove back in silence, and when she reached Ray Enterprises, she delivered the unpleasant news.
"He rejected the proposal outright," she told the board members, struggling to mask her shaken pride. "I think… he holds something against us. He was cold. Dismissive."
Robert frowned, deeply perplexed. "Why would the President of JP Enterprises be so dismissive without even reviewing the content?"
He mulled it over in silence for a few seconds before his eyes lit up.
"Charles," he muttered to himself.
Everyone in the room turned toward him.
"Charles once introduced me to someone he said would someday become one of the most influential business minds in the country. Maybe he has a connection. Perhaps if I reach out to Charles, he can speak to the President on our behalf."
Without wasting time, Robert made the call. Charles, ever the gentleman, agreed to meet him over dinner the following evening.
The restaurant was quiet, with soft classical music playing in the background as they settled into a private booth. Wine glasses clinked, and after casual pleasantries, Robert finally laid out everything: the rejected proposal, the mounting pressure on Ray Enterprises, and the family’s desperation for investment.
Charles listened patiently.
"I see," he finally said, placing his glass down. "This is… complicated. I can’t make any promises, but I’ll have a conversation with the President myself. He listens to me. I’ll get back to you after we’ve spoken."
Robert gave a sigh of relief. "That’s all I ask."
Charles nodded.
"Let’s hope it’s not too late," he said softly.
"He's agreed to the investment, but there's a condition," Charles said with a steady voice, lowering the phone from his ear.
Christopher sat upright in his chair. "What condition?"
Charles hesitated briefly before responding. "He wants eighty percent ownership of Ray Enterprises in exchange for the investment funds."
The room fell silent.
Christopher’s brows furrowed. "Eighty percent? That’s nearly the entire company!"
"And yet it’s the only lifeline we have left," Nancy chimed in, standing beside Charles. "It’s this... or collapse."
Despite the protests that echoed through the Ray household, the truth was unavoidable the business was crumbling and in dire need of immediate funding. Left with no other viable option, the family begrudgingly accepted the condition and agreed to fix a date when the President of JP Enterprises would arrive in person to finalize the deal.
The day of reckoning came swiftly.
Everyone in Ray Enterprises was on edge. Christopher, Helen, Robert, Susan, and the rest of the executives were already seated in the boardroom. They whispered among themselves, speculating about the identity of the elusive president. No one expected what was to come.
The grand doors creaked open.
Charles entered first, followed closely by Sandra. Then, a third figure walked in calm, composed, and strikingly handsome in an immaculately tailored suit. James.
He carried himself with a quiet authority that immediately drew attention. His posture was upright, his gaze clear and unwavering. Yet the moment the Ray family saw him, chaos erupted.
"What is he doing here?!" Helen spat, her face contorted in fury. "This is a boardroom, not a shelter for the homeless!"
Susan sprang to her feet. "Security! Get this impostor out now!"
But before things spiraled further, Robert rose from his seat and raised a hand.
"Stop!" he commanded, silencing the room. "Before you embarrass yourselves any further, you should know this man is the President of JP Enterprises."
The revelation hit like a thunderclap. Mouths fell open, gasps echoed around the room. Some blinked in disbelief, others stared as if seeing James for the first time.
"Impossible," Helen whispered, shaking her head. "He’s just a... a beggar!"
"He was never what you thought he was," Robert said coolly. "And now, he’s your only chance."
James stepped forward, a faint smile playing on his lips.
"I was prepared to invest and take eighty percent," he began. "But after seeing the way I'm still being treated, I’ve had a change of heart."
He paused, letting the silence weigh heavily.
"I want eighty-five percent now."
The words struck like a blow. The room erupted again in murmurs and disbelief. Helen clenched her fists, fury simmering just beneath the surface.
"You can't be serious," she growled. "You’re trying to rob us"
"I’m offering to save you," James cut in firmly. "This business is days away from total collapse. Take the deal, or lose everything."
Christopher remained silent, his mind racing. The truth was undeniable. Ray Enterprises had no bargaining power left.
"Do we have a deal or not?" James asked again, his voice now tinged with impatience.
Helen opened her mouth to object, but Robert spoke first.
"We accept," he said solemnly.
With no more time to argue, the documents were signed by both parties. Ray Enterprises was now eighty-five percent owned by James, the man they had once called worthless.
But James wasn’t done.
"One more thing," he said, looking directly at Helen. "I know you’re now the general manager, a position handed to you after forcing my wife to step down when she refused to sign those pathetic divorce papers."
Helen stiffened.
"Reinstate Rita as general manager, and I’ll increase the investment to one point one billion dollars. That’s an additional two hundred million for her."
A collective gasp echoed through the room. Helen’s expression soured. She had no choice. Robert nodded after a long pause.
"Consider it done," he said.
Satisfied, James rose. He glanced at Susan, who was suddenly all smiles, her tone syrupy sweet as she tried to engage him in polite conversation. He ignored her completely.
He left the building with his uncle and Sandra, dignity intact, power reclaimed. Later that evening, Helen sat in her room, seething. She dialed a familiar number. When Mark picked up, she wasted no time.
"He’s the President of JP Enterprises, Mark," she hissed. "James owns eighty-five percent of this company now."
Mark was silent for a long while before chuckling bitterly. "So that’s why I was fired... why everything crumbled. No wonder."
Even in their separate storms, they found common ground in one thing hatred for James.
Mark’s eyes darkened. "I swear, Helen. He’ll pay for this."
"We’ll make sure of it," Helen replied, her voice low and vengeful.
-
@ d34e832d:383f78d0
2025-04-25 06:06:32
This walkthrough examines the integration of these three tools as a combined financial instrument, focusing on their functionality, security benefits, and practical applications. Specter Desktop offers a user-friendly interface for managing Bitcoin wallets, Bitcoin Core provides a full node for transaction validation, and Coldcard provides the hardware security necessary to safeguard private keys. Together, these tools offer a robust and secure environment for managing Bitcoin holdings, protecting them from both online and physical threats.
We will explore their individual roles in Bitcoin management, how they can be integrated to offer a cohesive solution, and the installation and configuration process on OpenBSD. Additionally, security considerations and practical use cases will be addressed to demonstrate the advantages of this setup compared to alternative Bitcoin management solutions.
2.1 Specter Desktop
Specter Desktop is a Bitcoin wallet management software that provides a powerful, open-source interface for interacting with Bitcoin nodes. Built with an emphasis on multi-signature wallets and hardware wallet integration, Specter Desktop is designed to serve as an all-in-one solution for users who prioritize security and self-custody. It integrates seamlessly with Bitcoin Core and various hardware wallets, including Coldcard, and supports advanced features such as multi-signature wallets, which offer additional layers of security for managing Bitcoin funds.
2.2 Bitcoin Core
Bitcoin Core is the reference implementation of the Bitcoin protocol and serves as the backbone of the Bitcoin network. Running a Bitcoin Core full node provides users with the ability to independently verify all transactions and blocks on the network, ensuring trustless interaction with the blockchain. This is crucial for achieving full decentralization and autonomy, as Bitcoin Core ensures that users do not rely on third parties to confirm the validity of transactions. Furthermore, Bitcoin Core allows users to interact with the Bitcoin network via the command-line interface or a graphical user interface (GUI), offering flexibility in how one can participate in the Bitcoin ecosystem.
2.3 Coldcard
Coldcard is a Bitcoin hardware wallet that prioritizes security and privacy. It is designed to store private keys offline, away from any internet-connected devices, making it an essential tool for protecting Bitcoin holdings from online threats such as malware or hacking. Coldcard’s secure hardware environment ensures that private keys never leave the device, providing an air-gapped solution for cold storage. Its open-source firmware allows users to audit the wallet’s code and operations, ensuring that the device behaves exactly as expected.
2.4 Roles in Bitcoin Management
Each of these components plays a distinct yet complementary role in Bitcoin management:
- Specter Desktop: Acts as the interface for wallet management and multi-signature wallet configuration.
- Bitcoin Core: Provides a full node for transaction verification and interacts with the Bitcoin network.
- Coldcard: Safeguards private keys by storing them securely in hardware, providing offline signing capabilities for transactions.
Together, these tools offer a comprehensive and secure environment for managing Bitcoin funds.
3. Integration
3.1 How Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard Work Together
The integration of Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard offers a cohesive solution for managing and securing Bitcoin. Here's how these components interact:
- Bitcoin Core runs as a full node, providing a fully verified and trustless Bitcoin network. It validates all transactions and blocks independently.
- Specter Desktop communicates with Bitcoin Core to manage Bitcoin wallets, including setting up multi-signature wallets and connecting to hardware wallets like Coldcard.
- Coldcard is used to securely store the private keys for Bitcoin transactions. When a transaction is created in Specter Desktop, it is signed offline on the Coldcard device before being broadcasted to the Bitcoin network.
The main advantages of this setup include:
- Self-Sovereignty: By using Bitcoin Core and Coldcard, the user has complete control over their funds and does not rely on third-party services for transaction verification or key management.
- Enhanced Security: Coldcard provides the highest level of security for private keys, protecting them from online attacks and malware. Specter Desktop’s integration with Coldcard ensures a user-friendly method for interacting with the hardware wallet.
- Privacy: Using Bitcoin Core allows users to run their own full node, ensuring that they are not dependent on third-party servers, which could compromise privacy.
This integration, in combination with a user-friendly interface from Specter Desktop, allows Bitcoin holders to manage their funds securely, efficiently, and with full autonomy.
3.2 Advantages of This Setup
The combined use of Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard offers several advantages over alternative Bitcoin management solutions:
- Enhanced Security: The use of an air-gapped Coldcard wallet ensures private keys never leave the device, even when signing transactions. Coupled with Bitcoin Core’s full node validation, this setup offers unparalleled protection against online threats and attacks.
- Decentralization: Running a full Bitcoin Core node ensures that the user has full control over transaction validation, removing any dependence on centralized third-party services.
- User-Friendly Interface: Specter Desktop simplifies the management of multi-signature wallets and integrates seamlessly with Coldcard, making it accessible even to non-technical users.
4. Installation on OpenBSD
This section provides a step-by-step guide to installing Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and setting up Coldcard on OpenBSD.
4.1 Installing Bitcoin Core
OpenBSD Bitcoin Core Build Guide
Updated for OpenBSD 7.6
This guide outlines the process of building Bitcoin Core (bitcoind), its command-line utilities, and the Bitcoin GUI (bitcoin-qt) on OpenBSD. It covers necessary dependencies, installation steps, and configuration details specific to OpenBSD.
Table of Contents
- Preparation
- Installing Required Dependencies
- Cloning the Bitcoin Core Repository
- Installing Optional Dependencies
- Wallet Dependencies
- GUI Dependencies
- Building Bitcoin Core
- Configuration
- Compilation
- Resource Limit Adjustments
1. Preparation
Before beginning the build process, ensure your system is up-to-date and that you have the necessary dependencies installed.
1.1 Installing Required Dependencies
As the root user, install the base dependencies required for building Bitcoin Core:
bash pkg_add git cmake boost libeventFor a complete list of all dependencies, refer to
dependencies.md.1.2 Cloning the Bitcoin Core Repository
Next, clone the official Bitcoin Core repository to a directory. All build commands will be executed from this directory.
bash git clone https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git1.3 Installing Optional Dependencies
Bitcoin Core supports optional dependencies for advanced functionality such as wallet support, GUI features, and notifications. Below are the details for the installation of optional dependencies.
1.3.1 Wallet Dependencies
While it is not necessary to build wallet functionality for running
bitcoindorbitcoin-qt, if you need wallet functionality:-
Descriptor Wallet Support: SQLite is required for descriptor wallet functionality.
bash pkg_add sqlite3 -
Legacy Wallet Support: BerkeleyDB is needed for legacy wallet support. It is recommended to use Berkeley DB 4.8. The BerkeleyDB library from OpenBSD ports cannot be used directly, so you will need to build it from source using the
dependsfolder.Run the following command to build it (adjust the path as necessary):
bash gmake -C depends NO_BOOST=1 NO_LIBEVENT=1 NO_QT=1 NO_ZMQ=1 NO_USDT=1After building BerkeleyDB, set the environment variable
BDB_PREFIXto point to the appropriate directory:bash export BDB_PREFIX="[path_to_berkeleydb]"
1.3.2 GUI Dependencies
Bitcoin Core includes a GUI built with Qt6. To compile the GUI, the following dependencies are required:
-
Qt6: Install the necessary parts of the Qt6 framework for GUI support.
bash pkg_add qt6-qtbase qt6-qttools -
libqrencode: The GUI can generate QR codes for addresses. To enable this feature, install
libqrencode:bash pkg_add libqrencodeIf you don't need QR encoding support, use the
-DWITH_QRENCODE=OFFoption during the configuration step to disable it.
1.3.3 Notification Dependencies
Bitcoin Core can provide notifications through ZeroMQ. If you require this functionality, install ZeroMQ:
bash pkg_add zeromq1.3.4 Test Suite Dependencies
Bitcoin Core includes a test suite for development and testing purposes. To run the test suite, you will need Python 3 and the ZeroMQ Python bindings:
bash pkg_add python py3-zmq
2. Building Bitcoin Core
Once all dependencies are installed, follow these steps to configure and compile Bitcoin Core.
2.1 Configuration
Bitcoin Core offers various configuration options. Below are two common setups:
-
Descriptor Wallet and GUI: Enables descriptor wallet support and the GUI. This requires SQLite and Qt6.
bash cmake -B build -DBUILD_GUI=ONTo see all available configuration options, run:
bash cmake -B build -LH -
Descriptor & Legacy Wallet, No GUI: Enables support for both descriptor and legacy wallets, but no GUI.
bash cmake -B build -DBerkeleyDB_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH="${BDB_PREFIX}/include" -DWITH_BDB=ON
2.2 Compile
After configuration, compile the project using the following command. Use the
-j Noption to parallelize the build process, whereNis the number of CPU cores you want to use.bash cmake --build buildTo run the test suite after building, use:
bash ctest --test-dir buildIf Python 3 is not installed, some tests may be skipped.
2.3 Resource Limit Adjustments
OpenBSD's default resource limits are quite restrictive and may cause build failures, especially due to memory issues. If you encounter memory-related errors, increase the data segment limit temporarily for the current shell session:
bash ulimit -d 3000000To make the change permanent for all users, modify the
datasize-curanddatasize-maxvalues in/etc/login.confand reboot the system.
Now Consider
By following these steps, you will be able to successfully build Bitcoin Core on OpenBSD 7.6. This guide covers the installation of essential and optional dependencies, configuration, and the compilation process. Make sure to adjust the resource limits if necessary, especially when dealing with larger codebases.
4.2 Installing Specter Desktop What To Consider
Specter Installation Guide for OpenBSD with Coldcard
This simply aims to provide OpenBSD users with a comprehensive and streamlined process for installing Specter, a Bitcoin wallet management tool. Tailored to those integrating Coldcard hardware wallets with Specter, this guide will help users navigate the installation process, considering various technical levels and preferences. Whether you're a beginner or an advanced user, the guide will empower you to make informed decisions about which installation method suits your needs best.
Specter Installation Methods on OpenBSD
Specter offers different installation methods to accommodate various technical skills and environments. Here, we explore each installation method in the context of OpenBSD, while considering integration with Coldcard for enhanced security in Bitcoin operations.
1. OS-Specific Installation on OpenBSD
Installing Specter directly from OpenBSD's packages or source is an excellent option for users who prefer system-native solutions. This method ensures that Specter integrates seamlessly with OpenBSD’s environment.
- Advantages:
- Easy Installation: Package managers (if available on OpenBSD) simplify the process.
- System Compatibility: Ensures that Specter works well with OpenBSD’s unique system configurations.
-
Convenience: Can be installed on the same machine that runs Bitcoin Core, offering an integrated solution for managing both Bitcoin Core and Coldcard.
-
Disadvantages:
- System-Specific Constraints: OpenBSD’s minimalistic approach might require manual adjustments, especially in terms of dependencies or running services.
-
Updates: You may need to manually update Specter if updates aren’t regularly packaged for OpenBSD.
-
Ideal Use Case: Ideal for users looking for a straightforward, system-native installation that integrates with the local Bitcoin node and uses the Coldcard hardware wallet.
2. PIP Installation on OpenBSD
For those comfortable working in Python environments, PIP installation offers a flexible approach for installing Specter.
- Advantages:
- Simplicity: If you’re already managing Python environments, PIP provides a straightforward and easy method for installation.
- Version Control: Gives users direct control over the version of Specter being installed.
-
Integration: Works well with any existing Python workflow.
-
Disadvantages:
- Python Dependency Management: OpenBSD users may face challenges when managing dependencies, as Python setups on OpenBSD can be non-standard.
-
Technical Knowledge: Requires familiarity with Python and pip, which may not be ideal for non-technical users.
-
Ideal Use Case: Suitable for Python-savvy users who already use Python-based workflows and need more granular control over their installations.
3. Docker Installation
If you're familiar with Docker, running Specter Desktop in Docker containers is a fantastic way to isolate the installation and avoid conflicts with the OpenBSD system.
- Advantages:
- Isolation: Docker ensures Specter runs in an isolated environment, reducing system conflicts.
- Portability: Once set up, Docker containers can be replicated across various platforms and devices.
-
Consistent Environment: Docker ensures consistency in the Specter installation, regardless of underlying OS differences.
-
Disadvantages:
- Docker Setup: OpenBSD’s Docker support isn’t as seamless as other operating systems, potentially requiring extra steps to get everything running.
-
Complexity: For users unfamiliar with Docker, the initial setup can be more challenging.
-
Ideal Use Case: Best for advanced users familiar with Docker environments who require a reproducible and isolated installation.
4. Manual Build from Source (Advanced Users)
For users looking for full control over the installation process, building Specter from source on OpenBSD offers the most flexibility.
- Advantages:
- Customization: You can customize Specter’s functionality and integrate it deeply into your system or workflow.
-
Control: Full control over the build and version management process.
-
Disadvantages:
- Complex Setup: Requires familiarity with development environments, build tools, and dependency management.
-
Time-Consuming: The process of building from source can take longer, especially on OpenBSD, which may lack certain automated build systems for Specter.
-
Ideal Use Case: Best for experienced developers who want to customize Specter to meet specific needs or integrate Coldcard with unique configurations.
5. Node-Specific Integrations (e.g., Raspiblitz, Umbrel, etc.)
If you’re using a Bitcoin node like Raspiblitz or Umbrel along with Specter, these node-specific integrations allow you to streamline wallet management directly from the node interface.
- Advantages:
- Seamless Integration: Integrates Specter directly into the node's wallet management system.
-
Efficient: Allows for efficient management of both Bitcoin Core and Coldcard in a unified environment.
-
Disadvantages:
- Platform Limitation: Not applicable to OpenBSD directly unless you're running a specific node on the same system.
-
Additional Hardware Requirements: Running a dedicated node requires extra hardware resources.
-
Ideal Use Case: Perfect for users already managing Bitcoin nodes with integrated Specter support and Coldcard hardware wallets.
6. Using Package Managers (Homebrew for Linux/macOS)
If you're running OpenBSD on a machine that also supports Homebrew, this method can simplify installation.
- Advantages:
- Simple Setup: Package managers like Homebrew streamline the installation process.
-
Automated Dependency Management: Handles all dependencies automatically, reducing setup complexity.
-
Disadvantages:
- Platform Limitation: Package managers like Homebrew are more commonly used on macOS and Linux, not on OpenBSD.
-
Version Control: May not offer the latest Specter version depending on the repository.
-
Ideal Use Case: Best for users with Homebrew installed, though it may be less relevant for OpenBSD users.
Installation Decision Tree for OpenBSD with Coldcard
- Do you prefer system-native installation or Docker?
- System-native (OpenBSD-specific packages) → Proceed to installation via OS package manager.
-
Docker → Set up Docker container for isolated Specter installation.
-
Are you comfortable with Python?
- Yes → Install using PIP for Python-based environments.
-
No → Move to direct installation methods like Docker or manual build.
-
Do you have a specific Bitcoin node to integrate with?
- Yes → Consider node-specific integrations like Raspiblitz or Umbrel.
- No → Install using Docker or manual source build.
Now Consider
When installing Specter on OpenBSD, consider factors such as your technical expertise, hardware resources, and the need for integration with Coldcard. Beginners might prefer simpler methods like OS-specific packages or Docker, while advanced users will benefit from building from source for complete control over the installation. Choose the method that best fits your environment to maximize your Bitcoin wallet management capabilities.
4.3 Setting Up Coldcard
Refer to the "Coldcard Setup Documentation" section for the installation and configuration instructions specific to Coldcard. At the end of writing.
5. Security Considerations
When using Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard together, users benefit from a layered security approach:
- Bitcoin Core offers transaction validation and network security, ensuring that all transactions are verified independently.
- Coldcard provides air-gapped hardware wallet functionality, ensuring private keys are never exposed to potentially compromised devices.
- Specter Desktop facilitates user-friendly management of multi-signature wallets while integrating the security of Bitcoin Core and Coldcard.
However, users must also be aware of potential security risks, including:
- Coldcard Physical Theft: If the Coldcard device is stolen, the attacker would need the PIN code to access the wallet, but physical security must always be maintained.
- Backup Security: Users must securely back up their Coldcard recovery seed to prevent loss of access to funds.
6. Use Cases and Practical Applications
The integration of Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard is especially beneficial for:
- High-Value Bitcoin Holders: Those managing large sums of Bitcoin can ensure top-tier security with a multi-signature wallet setup and Coldcard’s air-gapped security.
- Privacy-Conscious Users: Bitcoin Core allows for full network verification, preventing third-party servers from seeing transaction details.
- Cold Storage Solutions: For users who want to keep their Bitcoin safe long-term, the Coldcard provides a secure offline solution while still enabling easy access via Specter Desktop.
7. Coldcard Setup Documentation
This section should provide clear, step-by-step instructions for configuring and using the Coldcard hardware wallet, including how to pair it with Specter Desktop, set up multi-signature wallets, and perform basic operations like signing transactions.
8. Consider
The system you ant to adopt inculcates, integrating Specter Desktop, Bitcoin Core, and Coldcard provides a powerful, secure, and decentralized solution for managing Bitcoin. This setup not only prioritizes user privacy and security but also provides an intuitive interface for even non-technical users. The combination of full node validation, multi-signature support, and air-gapped hardware wallet storage ensures that Bitcoin holdings are protected from both online and physical threats.
As the Bitcoin landscape continues to evolve, this setup can serve as a robust model for self-sovereign financial management, with the potential for future developments to enhance security and usability.
-
@ e46f3a64:4426aaf9
2025-04-25 04:49:42
Want to stay ahead in the fast-changing Synthetic Fuels Market industry? Our report breaks down all the key insights—so you don’t have to! Whether you're a business owner, investor, or just curious about market trends, we’ve got you covered.
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@ e46f3a64:4426aaf9
2025-04-25 04:48:31
Want to stay ahead in the fast-changing Air Conditioning System Market industry? Our report breaks down all the key insights—so you don’t have to! Whether you're a business owner, investor, or just curious about market trends, we’ve got you covered.
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@ 6ccf5232:5c74f0cb
2025-04-25 04:28:20
H2Bet se destaca como uma das plataformas de jogos online mais inovadoras e emocionantes, oferecendo uma experiência dinâmica e imersiva para jogadores de todo o Brasil. Com uma ampla seleção de jogos, design fácil de usar e atendimento ao cliente excepcional, a H2Bet é uma das melhores escolhas para quem busca uma experiência de entretenimento online de qualidade. Este artigo abordará as principais características da plataforma, as opções de jogos e a experiência geral que a H2Bet oferece aos seus jogadores.
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A H2Bet também valoriza a transparência e a responsabilidade no jogo, oferecendo informações claras sobre os termos e condições da plataforma, além de um compromisso com práticas responsáveis para que os jogadores possam desfrutar de suas experiências de forma consciente e segura. Com essas medidas em vigor, os jogadores podem se sentir confiantes ao usar a plataforma.
Uma Ampla Gama de Jogos A H2Bet oferece uma vasta seleção de jogos que atendem a todos os gostos e preferências. De jogos de ação intensa, que mantêm a adrenalina lá em cima, a jogos mais estratégicos, que exigem habilidade e paciência, há opções para todos os tipos de jogadores. A plataforma conta com parcerias com os principais fornecedores de jogos, garantindo que cada título seja de alta qualidade, com gráficos envolventes e mecânicas emocionantes.
Jogos de Mesa e Cartas Para os jogadores que apreciam os jogos tradicionais, a H2Bet oferece uma excelente seleção de jogos de mesa, como blackjack, bacará e roleta. Cada um desses jogos está disponível em diversas versões, permitindo que os jogadores escolham o estilo que mais gostam. Seja você um jogador casual ou alguém que se dedica à estratégia, esses jogos oferecem o equilíbrio perfeito entre entretenimento e desafio.
Máquinas de Caça-Níqueis A seção de slots da H2Bet é uma das ofertas mais emocionantes da plataforma. Com uma grande variedade de temas e recursos bônus, as máquinas de caça-níqueis oferecem horas de diversão. Os jogadores podem escolher entre jogos simples e rápidos ou opções mais complexas, com várias linhas de pagamento e rodadas de bônus. Seja qual for sua preferência, a H2Bet tem algo para oferecer aos fãs de slots.
Jogos ao Vivo Para aqueles que buscam uma experiência mais imersiva e interativa, a H2Bet também oferece jogos ao vivo. Esses jogos são transmitidos em tempo real, com dealers profissionais e ação real, proporcionando uma experiência semelhante à de um ambiente físico de jogos. A roleta ao vivo, blackjack e outros jogos oferecem uma atmosfera social e envolvente, tornando o momento ainda mais emocionante.
Experiência do Jogador Excepcional No centro da H2Bet está a experiência do jogador. A plataforma foi projetada para garantir que cada jogador, independentemente de sua experiência, tenha uma experiência de jogo tranquila, divertida e envolvente.
Um dos maiores diferenciais da H2Bet é sua interface intuitiva. Os jogadores podem navegar facilmente pelas categorias de jogos, explorar novos títulos e acessar todos os recursos da plataforma sem complicação. O layout é limpo e organizado, permitindo que os jogadores se concentrem no que realmente importa: se divertir.
Além disso, o suporte ao cliente da H2Bet está disponível 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, garantindo que qualquer dúvida ou problema seja resolvido de forma rápida e eficiente. Os jogadores podem entrar em contato por meio do chat ao vivo ou por e-mail, e a equipe de suporte é reconhecida pela sua cordialidade, conhecimento e rapidez no atendimento.
A H2Bet também oferece uma experiência otimizada para dispositivos móveis, permitindo que os jogadores aproveitem seus jogos favoritos a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar. Se você estiver usando um smartphone ou tablet, a versão móvel da H2Bet oferece a mesma qualidade e recursos que a versão para desktop, garantindo que sua diversão não tenha limites.
Bônus e Promoções A H2Bet recompensa seus jogadores com uma variedade de bônus e promoções, tanto para novos quanto para jogadores regulares. Novos jogadores são recebidos com ofertas de boas-vindas atraentes, proporcionando a oportunidade de explorar a plataforma sem precisar de um grande depósito inicial. Jogadores frequentes podem se beneficiar de promoções contínuas e programas de fidelidade, o que garante que eles sejam sempre premiados pela sua lealdade. Esses bônus são uma excelente maneira de aumentar o tempo de jogo e, quem sabe, aumentar as chances de vitória.
Conclusão A H2Bet é uma excelente opção para jogadores brasileiros que buscam uma plataforma completa, segura e divertida para jogos online. Com uma vasta seleção de jogos, foco na satisfação do jogador e forte compromisso com a segurança, a H2Bet oferece uma experiência de jogo excepcional para todos os tipos de jogadores. Se você é fã de jogos clássicos de mesa, caça-níqueis emocionantes ou uma experiência ao vivo realista, a H2Bet tem tudo o que você precisa. Sua interface fácil de usar, suporte ao cliente eficiente e promoções generosas tornam a H2Bet uma das plataformas de entretenimento online mais atraentes do mercado.
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@ 6ccf5232:5c74f0cb
2025-04-25 04:25:03
O Bet7k chegou ao mercado como uma plataforma de entretenimento online que visa oferecer uma experiência envolvente e divertida para jogadores de diversas preferências. Com uma interface amigável e uma vasta gama de jogos, ela se posiciona como uma opção de destaque para aqueles que buscam uma experiência interativa de alto nível. Neste artigo, vamos explorar o que torna o Bet7k especial, desde sua introdução até os jogos oferecidos e a experiência do jogador.
Ao acessar o Bet7k, a primeira impressão é a de uma plataforma moderna e bem estruturada. O site foi projetado para ser intuitivo, facilitando a navegação tanto para novatos quanto para jogadores experientes. A plataforma é otimizada para dispositivos móveis, garantindo que os jogadores possam aproveitar seus jogos favoritos a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar.
Além disso, o Bet7k é uma plataforma segura e confiável, com medidas robustas de proteção de dados e transações financeiras. A transparência e o compromisso com a privacidade do usuário são aspectos essenciais que contribuem para a confiança dos jogadores. Com uma conexão estável e interface rápida, a plataforma proporciona uma navegação sem interrupções, essencial para uma boa experiência de jogo.
Variedade de Jogos: Entretenimento para Todos os Gostos O Bet7k oferece uma grande variedade de jogos que atendem a todos os tipos de jogadores. Desde opções de jogos de mesa até jogos de habilidade e de sorte, a plataforma se esforça para garantir que todos os jogadores encontrem algo de seu interesse. Entre os jogos mais populares estão os caça-níqueis, onde a emoção e a expectativa de grandes vitórias estão sempre presentes. Com temas criativos e gráficos impressionantes, esses jogos proporcionam uma experiência envolvente e divertida.
Além disso, o Bet7k disponibiliza uma série de jogos de cartas, como o pôquer e o blackjack, que testam a habilidade e a estratégia dos jogadores. Esses jogos exigem mais do que sorte, oferecendo uma experiência desafiadora e dinâmica. Para os fãs de jogos rápidos e emocionantes, há também opções como roletas virtuais, que combinam sorte e emoção em cada rodada.
Para os jogadores que buscam algo mais interativo, o Bet7k também oferece uma série de jogos com dealers ao vivo, onde é possível interagir em tempo real com outros jogadores e dealers profissionais. Essa opção proporciona uma imersão ainda maior, criando uma atmosfera de jogo mais realista e envolvente.
A Experiência do Jogador: Praticidade e Diversão O diferencial do Bet7k está na experiência do jogador. A plataforma foca em oferecer uma experiência sem fricções, com um suporte ao cliente eficiente e disponível para resolver qualquer dúvida ou problema que possa surgir durante o jogo. A equipe de suporte é altamente treinada e está disponível 24 horas por dia, sete dias por semana, garantindo que o jogador sempre tenha a assistência necessária.
Outro aspecto importante da experiência do jogador no Bet7k é a variedade de métodos de pagamento. A plataforma aceita diversos métodos de depósito e retirada, facilitando o acesso dos jogadores ao conteúdo sem complicações. A transação é rápida e segura, permitindo que os jogadores se concentrem em sua diversão sem se preocupar com aspectos financeiros.
Além disso, o Bet7k oferece promoções regulares e programas de fidelidade, que incentivam os jogadores a retornarem à plataforma e continuarem sua jornada de diversão. As promoções são diversificadas, oferecendo bônus em depósitos, rodadas grátis e outros benefícios que aumentam a emoção e as chances de vitória.
Conclusão O Bet7k se destaca como uma plataforma completa de entretenimento online, oferecendo uma experiência envolvente, segura e divertida para todos os tipos de jogadores. Com uma vasta gama de jogos, uma interface intuitiva e suporte ao cliente de alta qualidade, o Bet7k é a escolha perfeita para quem busca uma plataforma confiável e cheia de diversão. Se você ainda não experimentou, é hora de conhecer o Bet7k e descobrir tudo o que essa plataforma tem a oferecer.
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@ 6ccf5232:5c74f0cb
2025-04-25 04:24:17
O mundo do entretenimento digital está em constante evolução, e o Betao surge como uma das plataformas mais inovadoras e empolgantes do momento. Com uma proposta moderna, acessível e repleta de recursos, o Betao atrai jogadores de todos os perfis, oferecendo uma variedade impressionante de jogos e uma experiência de usuário pensada para surpreender desde o primeiro acesso.
Logo ao entrar no site ou aplicativo do Betao, fica evidente o cuidado com o design e a funcionalidade. A navegação é intuitiva, com menus bem organizados e fácil acesso às principais seções. Seja no computador, tablet ou smartphone, o usuário encontra uma interface fluida que garante uma jornada sem complicações.
O processo de cadastro é rápido, e o suporte ao cliente está sempre disponível, o que mostra o comprometimento da plataforma com a segurança e a satisfação dos seus jogadores. Além disso, o Betao conta com sistemas de segurança modernos que protegem os dados dos usuários, promovendo um ambiente confiável para jogar com tranquilidade.
Um dos maiores atrativos do Betao é a sua diversidade de jogos. A plataforma oferece opções para quem gosta de jogos rápidos e dinâmicos, como também para aqueles que preferem estratégias mais elaboradas. Entre os destaques, estão os jogos de cartas tradicionais, como o pôquer e o blackjack, além de versões modernas com gráficos surpreendentes e mecânicas envolventes.
Outro ponto forte é a seção de jogos com roletas, onde a emoção de cada giro é potencializada por gráficos realistas e sons imersivos. Os jogos de dados e os famosos títulos de “crash” também fazem parte do catálogo, oferecendo uma dinâmica diferente e desafiadora para quem busca algo além do comum.
Os desenvolvedores parceiros do Betao são reconhecidos no mercado pela qualidade de seus jogos, o que garante um alto padrão de performance, gráficos e jogabilidade. Com atualizações constantes, a plataforma está sempre trazendo novidades para manter o jogador engajado.
Experiência do Jogador: Diversão com Recompensas Reais O Betao entende que a experiência do jogador vai muito além do jogo em si. Por isso, investe em promoções exclusivas, bônus generosos e programas de fidelidade que valorizam quem escolhe a plataforma. Novos usuários são recebidos com ofertas especiais de boas-vindas, enquanto os jogadores frequentes acumulam vantagens e benefícios exclusivos.
A interação com a comunidade também é um diferencial. O Betao promove torneios e desafios que incentivam a competição saudável e a socialização entre os participantes. Tudo isso contribui para uma experiência muito mais rica e envolvente.
Outro ponto que merece destaque é a rapidez nos pagamentos e retiradas. O Betao oferece diferentes métodos de transações, todos seguros e com prazos reduzidos, garantindo que o jogador possa curtir suas recompensas sem demora.
Conclusão Com um catálogo diversificado, uma plataforma segura e moderna e uma experiência pensada para o jogador brasileiro, o Betao se consolida como uma excelente opção para quem busca entretenimento online de qualidade. Se você está em busca de diversão, emoção e recompensas reais, o Betao é, sem dúvida, a escolha certa. Acesse, descubra os jogos disponíveis e mergulhe em uma nova forma de jogar!
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@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd
2025-04-25 03:07:03
什么是电子书系统？
目前电子书系统非常多，gitbook，mkdocs，vitepress。但是这些系统都有一个问题，就是你需要 静态存储你的markdown文件， 而且不能在线编写。
现有的电子书系统，你需要用一个 第三方编辑器 制作好一个一个的md文件，并且编排好目录结构，然后用上面列举的 软件生成 一个website。
现有电子书的缺点是什么？
- 空间问题，你需要存书的空间；
- 编写不方便 写好以后需要手动上传；
- 登录到服务器更新写好的新文件；
- 不支持交互和评论；
- 再重启服务器，（有些可能不需要重启，自己能监控）；
以上过程太繁琐了。
nostrbook如何解决这个问题？
- nostrbook采用的在线编辑；
- 用户无须任何空间，内容存储到第三方服务器，你也可以用自己的服务器；
- 免费，开源；
- 发布轻松，写好点"提交"就发布了，不需要过多的动作；
- 无须其他的维护成本；
- 支持 评论和点赞；
- 可以私有部署，到自己服务器，或者部署在本机都可以。
搭建过程
环境依赖
- nodejs
安装过程
git clone https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook cd nostrbook npm install npm run dev定制化配置
修改这个文件 https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook/blob/main/src/lib/config.ts export let booktag="createbook"; export let blogtag="createblog"; export let chaptertag="bookchapter";修以上3个参数，就可以成为你自己的 电子书和blog了。
你要你的系统安装了nodejs，就可以了。 Windows，Linux ，macos都可以。
系统支持 电子书和blog，你可以搭建 私有 日志系统也可以。
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@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2025-04-25 02:19:05
วันนี้จะเล่าเรื่องโครงการ School Plates โดย ProVeg UK ให้อ่านครับ
ProVeg UK เปิดตัวโครงการ School Plates ในเดือนมิถุนายน 2018 โดยมีเป้าหมายเพื่อช่วยให้โรงเรียนในสหราชอาณาจักรเสิร์ฟอาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพและเป็นมิตรต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมมากขึ้น โครงการนี้มุ่งเน้นการเพิ่มคุณภาพ ปริมาณ และการยอมรับของอาหารจากพืชในเมนูโรงเรียน โดยเฉพาะในโรงเรียนประถมศึกษา ซึ่งส่วนใหญ่จะอยู่ภายใต้การดูแลของหน่วยงานท้องถิ่น
เพื่อการสนับสนุนโครงการ บริการที่ ProVeg UK มอบให้จะประกอบไปด้วย บริการฟรีแก่โรงเรียน หน่วยงานท้องถิ่น และผู้จัดเลี้ยงอาหารโรงเรียน เพื่อสนับสนุนการเปลี่ยนแปลงเมนูอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ บริการเหล่านี้รวมถึง -การให้คำปรึกษาเมนู โดยให้คำแนะนำในการปรับสมดุลเมนู และใช้ภาษาที่ส่งเสริมอาหารจากพืช -การพัฒนาสูตรอาหารใหม่ ช่วยสร้างสูตรอาหารจากพืชที่อร่อย มีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการ และเหมาะสมกับครัวโรงเรียน -การจัดเวิร์กช็อปและการฝึกอบรม โดยจัดอบรมทั้งแบบออนไลน์และแบบพบหน้าสำหรับพ่อครัวและเจ้าหน้าที่ครัวโรงเรียน -การวิเคราะห์ด้านสุขภาพ สิ่งแวดล้อม และงบประมาณ มีโปรแกรมประเมินผลกระทบของเมนูต่อสุขภาพเด็ก การปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจก และต้นทุน ให้ครบถ้วน
นอกจากนี้ยังมีการจัดรางวัล School Plates Awards: มอบรางวัลระดับ Bronze, Silver และ Gold ให้แก่โรงเรียนที่มีความมุ่งมั่นในการปรับปรุงเมนูอย่างยั่งยืน ด้วย
ผลลัพธ์ตั้งแต่เริ่มโครงการ School Plates ได้เปลี่ยนแปลงเมนูอาหารโรงเรียนมากกว่า 6 ล้านมื้อ ให้กลายเป็นอาหารที่ดีต่อสุขภาพและยั่งยืนมากขึ้น โดยมีการเพิ่มวัน Meat-Free Mondays และตัวเลือกอาหารจากพืชในเมนูประจำวันของโรงเรียนหลายแห่ง
สูตรอาหารที่พัฒนาโดย ProVeg UK มีคุณสมบัติประมาณนี้ครับ -มีโปรตีนเทียบเท่ากับอาหารที่มีเนื้อสัตว์ -มีไขมันอิ่มตัวต่ำกว่า -อุดมไปด้วยไฟเบอร์และสารอาหารที่จำเป็น -มีการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจกต่ำ -สอดคล้องกับมาตรฐานอาหารและโภชนาการของโรงเรียนในสหราชอาณาจักร
นั่นทำให้โครงการ School Plates ได้รับการยอมรับจากโรงเรียนและหน่วยงานท้องถิ่นหลายแห่งในสหราชอาณาจักร และยังได้รับการเสนอชื่อเข้าชิงรางวัลด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมระดับโลก เช่น Food Planet Prize
ทีนี้เรามาวิเคราะห์กันว่า School Plates คือ เมนูรักษ์โลกหรือกับดักระบบ? โครงการ School Plates ของ ProVeg UK ภายนอกดูเหมือนเรื่องดี เป็นการ “ช่วยโรงเรียนให้เปลี่ยนเมนูไปทาง plant-based เพื่อสุขภาพเด็กและโลก” มีการให้คำปรึกษา ทำสูตรอาหาร อบรมพ่อครัว และพูดจาภาษาดี ๆ ว่า "อาหารยั่งยืน" กับ "ทางเลือกที่ดีต่อสุขภาพ" แต่ถ้ามองลึกเข้าไป มันไม่ใช่แค่อาหาร มันคือ เกมเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างการผลิตอาหารในระดับระบบ โดยใช้ “เด็กในโรงเรียน” เป็นจุดตั้งต้น
ถ้าดูเผิน ๆ เราอาจนึกว่าเด็กได้กินผักเยอะขึ้น โลกได้ลดก๊าซเรือนกระจก แต่ถ้าขุดเข้าไป จะเห็นว่าเบื้องหลัง ProVeg UK เชื่อมโยงกับกลุ่มทุน plant-based ขนาดใหญ่ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นผู้ผลิตนมถั่ว เนื้อเทียม หรือบริษัทยีสต์และจุลินทรีย์ที่ใช้ทำโปรตีนหมัก (Precision Fermentation) ทั้งหลาย
และอย่าลืมว่า ProVeg มีพันธมิตรกับองค์กรระดับโลกอย่าง EAT Foundation, World Resources Institute, และกลุ่ม lobby ต่าง ๆ ที่ผลักดัน นโยบายเปลี่ยนอาหารโลก ให้ไปทาง plant-based เป็นหลัก ซึ่งดูดี… ถ้าเราไม่รู้ว่าเบื้องหลังมันคือระบบ “อาหารสำเร็จรูปจากโรงงาน” ที่อ้างคำว่า “รักษ์โลก” แต่ผลิตโดยอุตสาหกรรมที่กระจุกตัวสูงมาก
ปัญหาที่คนอาจไม่ค่อยพูดถึงก็มีอยู่ครับเช่น -ละเลยโภชนาการตามธรรมชาติของเด็ก เพราะเด็กวัยเจริญเติบโตต้องการ โปรตีนคุณภาพสูง ไขมันดี และ สารอาหารที่พบเฉพาะในสัตว์ เช่น วิตามิน B12, เฮม-ไอรอน, โคลีน, คาร์โนซีน ฯลฯ ซึ่งอาหาร plant-based จำนวนมากขาด หรือมีในรูปแบบดูดซึมยากกว่าหลายเท่า - ใช้คำว่า "สิ่งแวดล้อม" บังหน้า แต่เป็นการผูกขาดระบบอาหาร การผลัก plant-based ไม่ได้ลดการพึ่งพาระบบอุตสาหกรรมเลย ตรงกันข้ามคือมันพาเราเข้าสู่ยุคของ plant-based ultra-processed food ที่ผลิตจากซอยโปรตีน ถั่วเหลือง GMO 2.0 น้ำมันพืช และสารแต่งรส... จากโรงงาน - เจาะระบบโรงเรียน = วางรากฐานความเชื่อ ให้เด็กที่โตมากับอาหารแบบนี้จะเชื่อว่านี่คือ “ของดี” และมองโปรตีนจากสัตว์เป็นสิ่งแปลกแยกในอนาคต เหมือนเป็นการ “reset” วิถีอาหารใหม่แบบไม่รู้ตัวผ่าน เจเนอเรชั่น - กลไกการจัดซื้อของรัฐจะถูก redirect ไปยังกลุ่มทุนใหญ่นอกพื้นที่ จากที่โรงเรียนจำนวนมากเคยซื้อวัตถุดิบจากชุมชน หรือฟาร์มใกล้เคียง พอโครงการแบบนี้เข้ามา จะค่อย ๆ ทำให้วัตถุดิบถูกกำหนดจาก เมนูที่ standardized ซึ่งสุดท้ายต้องพึ่ง “สินค้าสำเร็จรูปจากระบบอุตสาหกรรม”
ซึ่งถ้าเรามองโภชนาการสำหรับเด็กจริงๆแล้วนั้น เราควรลดของแปรรูป ไม่ใช่แค่ลดเนื้อ และใช้วัตถุดิบสดแท้จากธรรมชาติ ไม่ใช่ plant-based industrial food นอกจากนี้ยังควรสนับสนุนอาหารจากฟาร์มท้องถิ่น ทั้งผัก ไข่ เนื้อ และผลิตผลจากเกษตรกรจริง รวมถึงให้เด็กได้รู้จักที่มาของอาหาร ไม่ใช่แค่เรียนรู้แคลอรีกับคาร์บอนที่ว่ากันว่าปล่อยออกมา
School Plates คือก้าวเล็ก ๆ สู่การเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างใหญ่ของการควบคุมอาหารของโลก มันไม่ได้แค่เรื่องของเมนูกลางวัน แต่มันคือ “ระบบคิด” ที่กำลัง reshape โลกให้เด็กยุคใหม่โตมาโดยไม่รู้จัก real food ในสายตาเฮีย แม้โครงการนี้ไม่ได้เลวร้ายทั้งหมด แต่มันมี “เจตนาเชิงโครงสร้าง” ที่ต้องจับตาอย่างมาก และเราควรถามกลับเสมอว่า... ทำไมเราถึงต้องยัดอาหารสังเคราะห์ในนามของการ “รักโลก” แต่กลับตัดขาดจากดิน น้ำ ฟ้า และฟาร์มท้องถิ่น? ทำไม?
#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr
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@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae
2025-04-25 02:00:02
Crypto Insights
1 BTC Quantum Cracking Challenge Called a Joke
Quantum computing research organization Project Eleven launched “Q-Day Challenge,” announcing a 1 BTC reward to the first team that can crack an ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) key using Shor’s algorithm on a quantum computer before April 5, 2026. Project Eleven considers this an extremely difficult task, stating that even recovering a few private keys would be big news.
However, Shinobi from Bitcoin Magazine called the bounty a joke, arguing it provides no serious incentive for several reasons:
- Even highly optimistic forecasts place the feasibility of such a quantum breakthrough at least 5–10 years away.
- At Bitcoin’s current price of $80,000, the bounty is insufficient compensation for such a demanding task.
- A quantum computer could be used for much more lucrative exploits—eavesdropping on internet connections regardless of TLS, breaking encrypted private communications, or compromising the certificate authority hierarchy of the DNS system.
New BIP Proposal to Redefine Bitcoin’s Smallest Unit
A new BIP draft proposes redefining the term “Bitcoin” to refer to the smallest indivisible unit in the system—currently “sat” (Satoshi). The goal is to make transaction amounts more readable and reduce user error. For example, someone with 851 sats would simply see “851 bitcoin” instead of “0.00000851 BTC.” Only the display and interpretation of amounts would change—the protocol remains untouched.
Previously, BIP 176 attempted to improve readability by introducing “bits” (100 sats), but it introduced a new denomination users had to learn and switch between.
Sparse Bitcoin Block Contains Only 7 Transactions
Bitcoin transaction activity has slumped to its lowest in over two years. Recently, top mining pool Foundry mined a sparse block—Block 890466—containing only 7 transactions and weighing 5,369 weight units.
The last time a block was sparser was in January 2023, when Binance Pool mined Block 769895, which included just 4 transactions and weighed 4,370 weight units.
Over 95% of Bitcoin Blocks Mined by Just 6 Pools
A recent investigation by b10c analyzed the hash rate shares of Bitcoin’s five largest mining pools to examine centralization trends in 2025. Part one looked at mining pool information in coinbase transactions. Part two considered the assumed potential proxy pools. Both parts revealed a high concentration of mining activity. The conclusion: over 95% of recent blocks were mined by just six pools.
Bitcoin Hashrate Projections Through 2027
Valentin Rousseau in collaboration with Blockspace published hashrate forecast, covering:
- Hashrate forecasts for 2025, 2026, and 2027
- How current Bitcoin mining economics may influence the hashrate trajectory
- Hashrate expansion schedules for public miners, plus probability of completion
- Sensitivity tables for hashrate growth under various Bitcoin prices
Using VLS for Non-Custodial Lightning Integration
VLS (Validating Lightning Signer) is a library and reference implementation for a signer module to secure Lightning nodes. It separates Lightning private keys and security rule validation from the node, moving them to a dedicated signing device, thereby reducing the attack surface and enhancing security.
Before VLS, it was nearly impossible to securely manage Lightning private keys in a hosted environment without taking custody of user funds. Blockstream’s Greenlight demonstrates in this case study how VLS enables developers to seamlessly integrate non-custodial Lightning payments into their apps, with minimal overhead, while ensuring users retain full control of their funds.
How CTV+CSFS improves BitVM bridges
Robin Linus elaborates on how input-committing covenants can be used to build more efficient and secure bridges in the BitVM ecosystem. By using CTV (CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY) and CSFS (CHECKSIGFROMSTACK), the need for presigning committees is eliminated and transaction size is significantly reduced. This simplifies bridge architecture, enhances operational efficiency, and aims towards trust-minimized Bitcoin interoperability, though challenges such as potential censorship in the peg-in process remain.
RISC Zero Launches R0VM 2.0 with Performance and Security Gains
RISC Zero introduced R0VM 2.0, a major upgrade to its zkVM focused on performance and scalability. Enhancements include:
- Ethereum block validation and execution time cut from 35 minutes to 44 seconds;
- Validity proof costs reduced 5x, with batch sizes of 25 bringing per-block costs down from $1.355 to $0.2747; for larger batches, as low as $0.0012.
On the security side, formal verification is a key focus of R0VM 2.0. The Keccak circuit’s determinism has been fully verified, and 122 of the 123 components in the v2 RISC-V core circuit have also been confirmed deterministic.
Bitcoin Soft Forks Could Improve BitVMX
BitVMX is a platform for optimistic verification of Bitcoin smart contracts. In this article, Fairgate Labs outlines various potential Bitcoin upgrades and how they could benefit BitVMX. The article argues that new opcodes introduced via soft forks could improve efficiency, reduce on-chain costs, simplify scripting, and promote decentralization.
Ethereum Execution Layer to Replace EVM with RISC-V
Vitalik announced a long-term proposal to replace the EVM in Ethereum’s execution layer with RISC-V as the virtual machine for smart contracts. This aims to significantly improve execution efficiency and address key scalability bottlenecks, while also simplifying the execution layer.
Additionally, Cardano’s Charles Hoskinson mentioned that their project is also using RISC-V in BitVMX, stating: “RISC-V is the future.”
Top Reads on Blockchains and Beyond
Viewing a Clown World Through Bitcoin: Responsibility, Freedom, and Self-Reflection
The book Bitcoin: The Inverse of Clown World critiques a modern society filled with “clowns”—obsessed with false political narratives and meaningless social issues, such as excessive focus on “political correctness” and climate change. The author argues that the root of absurdity is a lack of personal responsibility, and that when money breaks down, everything becomes political theater.
Beyond exposing and criticizing these absurdities, the book promotes Bitcoin as a means to succeed by providing value. It emphasizes the importance of protecting one’s time and mind in an era of information overload and encourages readers to reflect on their lifestyles and contribute to making a better world—with Bitcoin as a foundation for that change.
The book review by Bitcoin Magazine.
GPU Proof-of-Work: Redefining Energy, Computation, and Money in the AI Age
The author envisions a future where GPU-based Proof-of-Work (GPU PoW) plays a pivotal role in an AI-driven world. GPU PoW can secure cryptocurrencies, train AI models, balance energy loads, and help build a global compute marketplace. Unlike ASICs, which are limited to mining, GPUs are versatile and can dynamically shift workloads for optimal economic return.
By coordinating local data centers, superclusters, and middleware, GPU PoW can improve energy and compute efficiency without sacrificing decentralization. This gives rise to a new utility-based economic system. PoW is no longer just about mining—it becomes infrastructure supporting the convergence of AI, energy systems, and monetary networks.
DahLIAS：First Cryptographic Protocol for Fully Cross-Input Signature Aggregation Compatible with Secp256k1
Blockstream’s research team has introduced DahLIAS, the first cryptographic protocol that enables full cross-input signature aggregation, while remaining compatible with Bitcoin's existing secp256k1 elliptic curve.
An interactive aggregate signature scheme allows n signers—each with their own (sk, pk) key pair and message m—to jointly produce a short signature that proves each m was signed under its corresponding pk. While such schemes can offer massive space and verification savings—two critical bottlenecks for blockchain like Bitcoin—aggregate signatures have received less attention compared to other multisig schemes like MuSig2 or FROST.
DahLIAS is the first such scheme built on discrete logarithms in pairing-free groups, with constant-size signatures that look just like standard Schnorr signatures. DahLIAS also addresses real-world use cases. In addition to its savings in space and time, it supports key tweaking—a common Bitcoin technique used in hierarchical deterministic wallets to derive keys and enhance on-chain privacy.
Read the full paper.
Thunderbolt: A Formally Verified Protocol for Off-Chain Bitcoin Transfers
Bitcoin Thunderbolt is a novel off-chain protocol for asynchronous, secure transfer of Bitcoin UTXOs between uncoordinated users. Unlike prior solutions such as payment channels or the Lightning Network, Bitcoin Thunderbolt requires no prior trust, direct interaction, or continuous connectivity between sender and receiver.
At its core, Bitcoin Thunderbolt employs a Byzantine fault-tolerant committee to manage threshold Schnorr signatures, enabling secure ownership delegation and on-chain finalization.
Read the full paper.
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@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae
2025-04-25 01:56:19
加密洞见
悬赏 1 BTC 的量子计算破解密钥挑战，被认为是个笑话
量子计算研究机构 Project Eleven 发布 Q-Day 挑战，宣布对能够于 2026 年 4 月 5 日之前、在量子计算机上使用 Shor 算法破解椭圆曲线加密（ECC）密钥的第一支团队提供 1 BTC 的奖励。Project Eleven 认为这将是一项极其艰巨的任务，即使获得几位私钥也将是一个大新闻。
而 Bitcoin Magazine 的长期贡献者 Shinobi 认为该笔赏金是一个笑话，并没有提供任何严肃的激励，原因有：
- 即使是对量子计算进展的高度乐观预测，也将实际实现这一目标的时间表定为 5-10 年；
- 按照目前单个比特币 80,000 美元的市价来看，奖励对于这项困难的工作其实并不多；
- 一台量子计算机可以完成比价值 80,000 美元更有价值的事，如窃听互联网连接、破解私人信息应用程序、破解整个 DNS 系统的证书颁发机构层次结构等。
重新定义比特币的基本单位的新 BIP
这份 BIP 草案建议重新定义「比特币」一词，以指代系统中最小的不可分割单位，即目前所说的「聪」（sat），目的是让交易看起来更清晰易读，可以有效降低了用户出错风险。如果某人有 851 个聪，钱包只显示 851 个比特币，而不是 0.00000851 BTC。变化的只有显示和解释金额的方式，而协议不变。
在这项提案之前，已经有提案（BIP 176）试图通过引入代表 100 聪的「比特」（bits）来使比特币数位的显示更加友好。虽然这减少了小数位的数量，但它引入了一种新的面额，用户必须学习并在其之间切换。
比特币交易活跃度低迷，稀疏区块仅包含 7 笔交易
比特币交易活动处于 2 年多来的最低水平，导致最大的矿池 Foundry 近期挖掘出一个稀疏的非空区块：Block 890466 仅包含 7 笔交易，重量为 5369 个单位。
上一个低于此的稀疏区块是 Binance Pool 在 2023 年 1 月挖出的区块 769895。内存池同样是空的，仅包含 4 笔交易，重量为 4370 个单位。
当前比特币挖矿高度集中：超过 95% 的区块仅由 6 个矿池开采
这篇由 b10c 发表的调查检查了当前五个最大的比特币矿池的哈希率份额，探讨 2025 年比特币挖矿中心化问题。第一部分着眼于 coinbase 交易中包含的矿池信息。第二部分考虑了假定的代理池。这两部分都显示了当前最大的矿池和挖矿集中化指数。调查结论：当下的比特币挖矿高度集中，有 6 个矿池开采了超过 95% 的区块。
预测到 2027 年的比特币哈希率
Valentin Rousseau 与 Blockspace 合作撰写了这份报告，涵盖： * 2025 年、2026 年和 2027 年的哈希率预测 * 当前的比特币挖矿经济学将如何影响哈希率的轨迹 * 公共矿工的哈希率扩展时间表，以及完成概率 * 不同比特币价格下哈希率增长的敏感度表
使用 VLS 支持非托管的闪电集成
VLS（Validating Lightning Signer）是签名者模块的库和参考实现，用于保护闪电节点，将 闪电私钥和安全规则验证从闪电节点分离到一个单独的签名设备中，通过减少攻击面来增强安全性。
在 VLS 之前，在不保管用户资金的情况下，在托管环境中安全地管理闪电私钥几乎是不可能的。Blockstream 的 Greenlight 在这份案例研究中介绍了如何使用 VLS，以非托管的方式使开发人员能够以最小的开销将闪电的功能添加到他们的应用程序中，同时确保用户保留对他们资金的完全控制权。Greenlight 构建在 Core Lightning 的模块化架构上，将由 Blockstream 管理的闪电节点操作与掌握在用户手中的闪电交易签名分开。
CTV+CSFS 如何改进 BitVM 网桥
Robin Linus 阐述了如何使用「输入提交契约」（input-committing covenants）在 BitVM 生态系统中构建更高效、更安全的桥，利用 CTV（CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY）和 CSFS (CHECKSIGFROMSTACK) 消除对预签名委员会的需求并显着减少交易规模。这一进步简化了桥架构，提高了运营效率，并旨在实现信任最小化的比特币互作性，尽管仍然存在诸如挂钩过程中的潜在审查等挑战。
RISC Zero 推出 R0VM 2.0，性能提升的同时确保安全性
RISC Zero 推出了 R0VM 2.0，重大改进包括： * 以太坊区块的验证和执行时间，从 35 分钟缩短到仅 44 秒； * 到有效性证明的成本降低了 5 倍，批量大小为 25 的每个区块交易成本从 1.355 USD 下降到 0.2747 USD；较大批次交易成本低至 0.0012 USD；
在安全性方面，形式化验证是 R0VM 2.0 的核心。目前已经验证 Keccak 电路的完全确定性，以及在其 v2 电路中，核心 RISC-V 功能的 123 个组件中有 122 个是确定性的。
比特币软分叉可以改进 BitVMX
BitVMX 是支持乐观验证比特币智能合约的平台。Fairgate Labs 在本文中介绍了比特币可能经历的不同类型的升级，以及它们如何对 BitVMX 产生积极影响，认为了新的 opcodes 如果被软分叉到比特币中，可以提高 BitVMX 的效率、降低链上成本、简化脚本，并变得更加去中心化。
以太坊执行层将用 RISC-V 替代 EVM
Vitalik 发布了长期 L1 执行提案，宣布以太坊执行层将用 RISC-V 替换 EVM 作为编写智能合约的虚拟机，以大幅提高以太坊执行层的效率 ，解决主要的扩展瓶颈之一，同时增强执行层的简单性。
此外，Cardano 的 Charles Hoskinson 也表示 Cardano 在 BitVMX 中使用了 RISC-V；RISC-V 就是未来。
精彩无限，不止于链
从比特币看荒诞的世界：责任、自由与自我反思
《Bitcoin: The Inverse of Clown World》（比特币：荒诞世界的逆转）一书批判了充满「小丑」的当代世界——被虚假的政治议题和无意义的社会关注所占据——比如对「政治正确」和气候变化的过度关注。作者认为荒谬的核心是人们不负责任的行为，并认为当货币失效时，一切都变成政治和闹剧。
除了揭示和批评诸多荒诞现象，作者指出比特币倡导通过提供价值来获得成功，并强调了个人在这个信息过载的时代保护自己的时间和思想的重要性，进一步鼓励读者在比特币的支持下，重新审视自己的生活方式，并为改变世界贡献力量。
这里是 Bitcoin Magazine 对该书的书评。
GPU 工作量证明：重新定义 AI 驱动时代的能源、计算和金钱
作者设想了以 GPU 为基础的工作量证明（GPU PoW）在 AI 驱动的未来中的潜力。GPU PoW 不仅可以用于加密货币的安全保障，还能参与 AI 模型训练、能源负载调节以及全球算力市场的构建，相较于传统只能挖矿的 ASIC，GPU 更通用灵活，并能动态分配任务，在不同场景下实现收益最大化。通过本地数据中心、超级集群与中间件协同运作，GPU PoW 可以在不牺牲去中心化的前提下，提升能源与计算资源的使用效率，并创造以实用性为基础的新型经济体系。PoW 不再只是挖矿，而是成为支撑 AI、能源系统与货币市场协同发展的基础设施。
DahLIAS：首个用于完全交叉输入签名聚合的加密协议，允许重用比特币的曲线 secp256k1
Blockstream 研究团队推出 DahLIAS——第一个用于完全交叉输入签名聚合的加密协议，允许重用比特币的曲线 secp256k1。
一个交互式聚合签名（interactive aggregate signatures）方案允许 n 个签名者，每人拥有自己的秘密/公钥对（sk, pk）和消息 m，共同生成一个简短的签名，同时证明每个 m 在 pk 下已经被签名，其中 i ∈ {1, . . . , n}。尽管在空间和验证时间方面具有巨大的节省潜力，这两个因素是像比特币这样的区块链系统的主要瓶颈。但聚合签名相比于多方签名家族中的其他成员（例如 MuSig2 多重签名和 FROST 阈值签名）受到的关注较少。
而 DahLIAS 是首个直接在无配对组（pairing-free groups）中的离散对数上构建的、具有常数大小签名的聚合签名方案——与标准的 Schnorr 签名具有相同形态。DahLIAS 的签名协议由两轮组成，第一轮可以在没有消息的情况下预处理，且验证某个由 n 个签名者创建的签名，是由一个大小为 n + 1 的多重指数运算主导，这在渐近意义上比批量验证 n 个独立的 Schnorr 签名要快两倍。
DahLIAS 也考虑到了现实中的应用。除了前述的空间节省和验证速度提升外，DahLIAS 还提供了密钥调整功能，这是一种常用于比特币的技术——从有层级的确定性钱包中派生密钥，以节省空间并增强链上隐私。研究团队在随机预言模型下，基于（代数的）再一次离散对数假设，证明了包含密钥调整功能的 DahLIAS 在并发设置下的安全性。
查看完整论文。
Thunderbolt: 经过验证的链下比特币转账协议
该 Bitcoin Thunderbolt 链下协议用于在未协调的用户之间安全、异步地转移比特币 UTXO。与支付通道或闪电网络等现有解决方案不同，该协议无需预先信任、直接交互或持续连接发送方和接收方。其核心是通过拜占庭容错 committee 来管理阈值 Schnorr 签名，实现安全的所有权委托和链上最终确认。
查看完整论文。
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@ 3de5f798:31faf8b0
2025-04-25 01:46:45
My everyday activity
This template is just for demo needs.
petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working -
@ 3de5f798:31faf8b0
2025-04-25 01:46:32
My everyday activity
This template is just for demo needs.
petrinet ;startDay () -> working ;stopDay working -> () ;startPause working -> paused ;endPause paused -> working ;goSmoke working -> smoking ;endSmoke smoking -> working ;startEating working -> eating ;stopEating eating -> working ;startCall working -> onCall ;endCall onCall -> working ;startMeeting working -> inMeetinga ;endMeeting inMeeting -> working ;logTask working -> working -
@ 266815e0:6cd408a5
2025-04-24 22:56:53
noStrudel
Its been over four months since I released
v0.42.0of noStrudel but I haven't forgot about it, I've just been busy refactoring the code-base.The app is well past its 2yr birthday and a lot of the code is really messy and kind of hacky. so my focus in the past few months has been refactoring and moving a lot of it out into the applesauce packages so it can be tested.
The biggest changes have been switching to use
rx-nostrfor all relay connections and usingrxjsand applesauce for event management and timelines. In total ~22k lines of code have been changed since the last release.I'm hoping it wont take me much longer to get a stable release for
v0.43.0. In the meantime if you want to test out the new changes you can find them on the nsite deployment.nsite deplyment: nostrudel.nsite.lol/ Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel
Applesauce
I've been making great progress on the applesauce libraries that are the core of onStrudel. Since January I've released
v0.11.0andv0.12.0.In the past month I've been working towards a v1 release with a better relay connection package applesauce-relay and pre-built actions for clients to easily implement common things like follow/unfollow and mute/unmute. applesauce-actions
Docs website: hzrd149.github.io/applesauce/ Github repo: https://github.com/hzrd149/applesauce
Blossom
Spec changes: - Merged PR #56 from kehiy for BUD-09 ( blob reports ) - Merged PR #60 from Kieran to update BUD-8 to use the standard NIP-94 tags array. - Merged PR #38 to make the file extension mandatory in the
urlfield of the returned blob descriptor. - Merged PR #54 changing the authorization type for the/mediaendpoint tomediainstead ofupload. This fixes an issue where the server could mirror the original blob without the users consent.Besides the changes to the blossom spec itself I started working on a small cli tool to help test and debug new blossom server implementations. The goal is to have a set of upload and download tests that can be run against a server to test if it adheres to the specifications. It can also be used output debug info and show recommended headers to add to the http responses.
If you have nodejs installed you can try it out by running
sh npx blossom-audit audit <server-url> [image|bitcoin|gif|path/to/file.jpeg]Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/blossom-audit
Other projects
Wifistr
While participating in SEC-04 I built a small app for sharing the locations and passwords of wifi networks. Its far from complete, but its usable and serves as an example of building an app with SolidJS and applesauce.
Live version: hzrd149.github.io/wifistr/ nsite version: here Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/wifistr
nsite-manager
I've been slowly continuing work on nsite-manager, mostly just to allow myself to debug various nsites and make sure nsite.lol is still working correctly.
Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/nsite-manager
nsite-gateway
I finally got around to making some much needed bug fixes and improvements to nsite-gateway ( the server behind nsite.lol ) and released a stable
1.0.0version.My hope is that its stable enough now to allow other users to start hosting their own instances of it.
Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/nsite-gateway
morning-glory
As part of my cashu PR for NUT-23 ( HTTP 402 Payment required ) I built a blossom server that only accepts cashu payments for uploads and stores blobs for 24h before deleting them.
Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/morning-glory
bakery
I've been toying with the idea of building a backend-first nostr client that would download events while I'm not at my computer and send me notifications about my DMs.
I made some progress on it in the last months but its far from complete or usable. Hopefully ill get some time in the next few months to create a working alpha version for myself and others to install on Umbrel and Start9
Github repo: github.com/hzrd149/bakery
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@ 76b0d68a:fdf859d0
2025-04-24 22:52:04
Gemini look like they've just released a new video generating function. I just asked it to generate a video of a dog running through the snow in the Swiss Alps and this is what it came up with. Amazing.
Amazing that this is what is for all intents and purposes freely available to anybody. My mind is blown.
I know we saw all this with Sora last year, but the speed at which this kind of capability is being propagated is terrific.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/957519
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@ 76b0d68a:fdf859d0
2025-04-24 21:20:30
Am reading his 1995 diary and he was so interested and up on technology I would be interested in his take on everything in AI, music and art going on today!
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/957396
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@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93
2025-04-24 19:42:00
How to Be an Anti-Fascist: A Gentle Rebuttal to Billionaire Strongmen and Their Twitter Cosplays
By Carl Tuckerson
Good evening, radiant souls.
Tonight, I want to talk about something serious—but not in a shouty, vein-popping way. In a warm, clear-eyed, candle-lit kind of way. Let’s talk about fascism. And more importantly, how to stand firmly, nonviolently, and stylishly against it.
First, a definition. Fascism isn’t just people yelling on the internet or wearing weird hats. It’s a political disease—authoritarianism drenched in nationalism, allergic to diversity, and obsessed with power. It’s rigid. It’s cruel. It thrives on fear.
History, of course, gave us the ultimate case study: Adolf Hitler. A man who turned wounded ego and racist paranoia into a genocidal regime. Let’s be uncomfortably clear: fascism starts with rhetoric and ends in blood. It wears suits at first. Then it builds camps.
Which brings us to the now. To a peculiar blend of self-pitying billionaires and spray-tanned demagogues playing dictator on easy mode.
Let’s start with Elon Musk.
Here’s a man who once inspired us with rockets and electric cars—and now spends his time posting “anti-woke” memes like a Reddit troll who just discovered Ayn Rand. Elon claims to love “free speech,” unless that speech critiques him or his companies, in which case he’ll fire you, shadowban you, or awkwardly reply with a meme of Pepe the Frog.
You can’t be a free speech absolutist and also an insecure billionaire who throws tantrums when journalists ask questions. That’s not libertarianism. That’s narcissism with a Wi-Fi signal.
Then there’s Donald Trump.
The man who said he’d “drain the swamp” and instead held cocktail parties in it. Who said he loved “the people” but spent four years helping billionaires and banning brown kids. Who said he was “tough on crime” while pardoning white-collar felons and cozying up to actual Nazis at campaign rallies.
You don’t get to call yourself a patriot while trying to overthrow democracy. You don’t get to wrap yourself in the flag while selling fascist cosplay to a base too traumatized to see the grift. And no, calling your opponents “fascists” doesn’t make you less of one. That’s what projection looks like, not principle.
So… what does it actually mean to be anti-fascist?
It’s not just wearing black or smashing Starbucks windows (though I get the temptation). It means:
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Refusing to dehumanize. Even when it’s easier.
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Defending institutions of democracy while pushing them to do better.
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Confronting power with truth—especially when that power has a blue checkmark and a bunker.
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Building diverse communities where all people—not just rich white dudes with podcasts—have a voice.
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Educating yourself. Read. Listen. Learn from those who’ve lived through real authoritarianism. Hint: it wasn’t your uncle who got suspended from X.
And look, I get it. It's easy to feel hopeless. To doomscroll and despair. But the antidote to fascism isn’t more fear. It’s radical hope. It’s showing up. It's organizing mutual aid. It's hugging someone at a protest. It's running a book club. It’s standing in solidarity instead of standing by.
So if you’re wondering how to be anti-fascist?
Start by being anti-ego. Anti-greed. Anti-cruelty. Anti-lie. And yes, sometimes that means being anti-Musk. Anti-Trump. Anti-anyone who thinks oppression is a branding opportunity.
We’ve tried letting billionaires be our heroes. It didn’t work. Maybe it’s time to try being each other’s heroes instead.
Stay soft. Stay loud. Stay antifascist.
We’ll see you tomorrow.
— Radical Kindness Carl
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/957123
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-
@ e691f4df:1099ad65
2025-04-24 18:56:12
Viewing Bitcoin Through the Light of Awakening
Ankh & Ohm Capital’s Overview of the Psycho-Spiritual Nature of Bitcoin
Glossary:
I. Preface: The Logos of Our Logo
II. An Oracular Introduction
III. Alchemizing Greed
IV. Layers of Fractalized Thought
V. Permissionless Individuation
VI. Dispelling Paradox Through Resonance
VII. Ego Deflation
VIII. The Coin of Great Price
Preface: The Logos of Our Logo
Before we offer our lens on Bitcoin, it’s important to illuminate the meaning behind Ankh & Ohm’s name and symbol. These elements are not ornamental—they are foundational, expressing the cosmological principles that guide our work.
Our mission is to bridge the eternal with the practical. As a Bitcoin-focused family office and consulting firm, we understand capital not as an end, but as a tool—one that, when properly aligned, becomes a vehicle for divine order. We see Bitcoin not simply as a technological innovation but as an emanation of the Divine Logos—a harmonic expression of truth, transparency, and incorruptible structure. Both the beginning and the end, the Alpha and Omega.
The Ankh (☥), an ancient symbol of eternal life, is a key to the integration of opposites. It unites spirit and matter, force and form, continuity and change. It reminds us that capital, like Life, must not only be generative, but regenerative; sacred. Money must serve Life, not siphon from it.
The Ohm (Ω) holds a dual meaning. In physics, it denotes a unit of electrical resistance—the formative tension that gives energy coherence. In the Vedic tradition, Om (ॐ) is the primordial vibration—the sound from which all existence unfolds. Together, these symbols affirm a timeless truth: resistance and resonance are both sacred instruments of the Creator.
Ankh & Ohm, then, represents our striving for union, for harmony —between the flow of life and intentional structure, between incalculable abundance and measured restraint, between the lightbulb’s electrical impulse and its light-emitting filament. We stand at the threshold where intention becomes action, and where capital is not extracted, but cultivated in rhythm with the cosmos.
We exist to shepherd this transformation, as guides of this threshold —helping families, founders, and institutions align with a deeper order, where capital serves not as the prize, but as a pathway to collective Presence, Purpose, Peace and Prosperity.
An Oracular Introduction
Bitcoin is commonly understood as the first truly decentralized and secure form of digital money—a breakthrough in monetary sovereignty. But this view, while technically correct, is incomplete and spiritually shallow. Bitcoin is more than a tool for economic disruption. Bitcoin represents a mythic threshold: a symbol of the psycho-spiritual shift that many ancient traditions have long foretold.
For millennia, sages and seers have spoken of a coming Golden Age. In the Vedic Yuga cycles, in Plato’s Great Year, in the Eagle and Condor prophecies of the Americas—there exists a common thread: that humanity will emerge from darkness into a time of harmony, cooperation, and clarity. That the veil of illusion (maya, materiality) will thin, and reality will once again become transparent to the transcendent. In such an age, systems based on scarcity, deception, and centralization fall away. A new cosmology takes root—one grounded in balance, coherence, and sacred reciprocity.
But we must ask—how does such a shift happen? How do we cross from the age of scarcity, fear, and domination into one of coherence, abundance, and freedom?
One possible answer lies in the alchemy of incentive.
Bitcoin operates not just on the rules of computer science or Austrian economics, but on something far more old and subtle: the logic of transformation. It transmutes greed—a base instinct rooted in scarcity—into cooperation, transparency, and incorruptibility.
In this light, Bitcoin becomes more than code—it becomes a psychoactive protocol, one that rewires human behavior by aligning individual gain with collective integrity. It is not simply a new form of money. It is a new myth of value. A new operating system for human consciousness.
Bitcoin does not moralize. It harmonizes. It transforms the instinct for self-preservation into a pathway for planetary coherence.
Alchemizing Greed
At the heart of Bitcoin lies the ancient alchemical principle of transmutation: that which is base may be refined into gold.
Greed, long condemned as a vice, is not inherently evil. It is a distorted longing. A warped echo of the drive to preserve life. But in systems built on scarcity and deception, this longing calcifies into hoarding, corruption, and decay.
Bitcoin introduces a new game. A game with memory. A game that makes deception inefficient and truth profitable. It does not demand virtue—it encodes consequence. Its design does not suppress greed; it reprograms it.
In traditional models, game theory often illustrates the fragility of trust. The Prisoner’s Dilemma reveals how self-interest can sabotage collective well-being. But Bitcoin inverts this. It creates an environment where self-interest and integrity converge—where the most rational action is also the most truthful.
Its ledger, immutable and transparent, exposes manipulation for what it is: energetically wasteful and economically self-defeating. Dishonesty burns energy and yields nothing. The network punishes incoherence, not by decree, but by natural law.
This is the spiritual elegance of Bitcoin: it does not suppress greed—it transmutes it. It channels the drive for personal gain into the architecture of collective order. Miners compete not to dominate, but to validate. Nodes collaborate not through trust, but through mathematical proof.
This is not austerity. It is alchemy.
Greed, under Bitcoin, is refined. Tempered. Re-forged into a generative force—no longer parasitic, but harmonic.
Layers of Fractalized Thought Fragments
All living systems are layered. So is the cosmos. So is the human being. So is a musical scale.
At its foundation lies the timechain—the pulsing, incorruptible record of truth. Like the heart, it beats steadily. Every block, like a pulse, affirms its life through continuity. The difficulty adjustment—Bitcoin’s internal calibration—functions like heart rate variability, adapting to pressure while preserving coherence.
Above this base layer is the Lightning Network—a second layer facilitating rapid, efficient transactions. It is the nervous system: transmitting energy, reducing latency, enabling real-time interaction across a distributed whole.
Beyond that, emerging tools like Fedimint and Cashu function like the capillaries—bringing vitality to the extremities, to those underserved by legacy systems. They empower the unbanked, the overlooked, the forgotten. Privacy and dignity in the palms of those the old system refused to see.
And then there is NOSTR—the decentralized protocol for communication and creation. It is the throat chakra, the vocal cords of the “freedom-tech” body. It reclaims speech from the algorithmic overlords, making expression sovereign once more. It is also the reproductive system, as it enables the propagation of novel ideas and protocols in fertile, uncensorable soil.
Each layer plays its part. Not in hierarchy, but in harmony. In holarchy. Bitcoin and other open source protocols grow not through exogenous command, but through endogenous coherence. Like cells in an organism. Like a song.
Imagine the cell as a piece of glass from a shattered holographic plate —by which its perspectival, moving image can be restructured from the single shard. DNA isn’t only a logical script of base pairs, but an evolving progressive song. Its lyrics imbued with wise reflections on relationships. The nucleus sings, the cell responds—not by command, but by memory. Life is not imposed; it is expressed. A reflection of a hidden pattern.
Bitcoin chants this. Each node, a living cell, holds the full timechain—Truth distributed, incorruptible. Remove one, and the whole remains. This isn’t redundancy. It’s a revelation on the power of protection in Truth.
Consensus is communion. Verification becomes a sacred rite—Truth made audible through math.
Not just the signal; the song. A web of self-expression woven from Truth.
No center, yet every point alive with the whole. Like Indra’s Net, each reflects all. This is more than currency and information exchange. It is memory; a self-remembering Mind, unfolding through consensus and code. A Mind reflecting the Truth of reality at the speed of thought.
Heuristics are mental shortcuts—efficient, imperfect, alive. Like cells, they must adapt or decay. To become unbiased is to have self-balancing heuristics which carry feedback loops within them: they listen to the environment, mutate when needed, and survive by resonance with reality. Mutation is not error, but evolution. Its rules are simple, but their expression is dynamic.
What persists is not rigidity, but pattern.
To think clearly is not necessarily to be certain, but to dissolve doubt by listening, adjusting, and evolving thought itself.
To understand Bitcoin is simply to listen—patiently, clearly, as one would to a familiar rhythm returning.
Permissionless Individuation
Bitcoin is a path. One that no one can walk for you.
Said differently, it is not a passive act. It cannot be spoon-fed. Like a spiritual path, it demands initiation, effort, and the willingness to question inherited beliefs.
Because Bitcoin is permissionless, no one can be forced to adopt it. One must choose to engage it—compelled by need, interest, or intuition. Each person who embarks undergoes their own version of the hero’s journey.
Carl Jung called this process Individuation—the reconciliation of fragmented psychic elements into a coherent, mature Self. Bitcoin mirrors this: it invites individuals to confront the unconscious assumptions of the fiat paradigm, and to re-integrate their relationship to time, value, and agency.
In Western traditions—alchemy, Christianity, Kabbalah—the individual is sacred, and salvation is personal. In Eastern systems—Daoism, Buddhism, the Vedas—the self is ultimately dissolved into the cosmic whole. Bitcoin, in a paradoxical way, echoes both: it empowers the individual, while aligning them with a holistic, transcendent order.
To truly see Bitcoin is to allow something false to die. A belief. A habit. A self-concept.
In that death—a space opens for deeper connection with the Divine itSelf.
In that dissolution, something luminous is reborn.
After the passing, Truth becomes resurrected.
Dispelling Paradox Through Resonance
There is a subtle paradox encoded into the hero’s journey: each starts in solidarity, yet the awakening affects the collective.
No one can be forced into understanding Bitcoin. Like a spiritual truth, it must be seen. And yet, once seen, it becomes nearly impossible to unsee—and easier for others to glimpse. The pattern catches.
This phenomenon mirrors the concept of morphic resonance, as proposed and empirically tested by biologist Rupert Sheldrake. Once a critical mass of individuals begins to embody a new behavior or awareness, it becomes easier—instinctive—for others to follow suit. Like the proverbial hundredth monkey who begins to wash the fruit in the sea water, and suddenly, monkeys across islands begin doing the same—without ever meeting.
When enough individuals embody a pattern, it ripples outward. Not through propaganda, but through field effect and wave propagation. It becomes accessible, instinctive, familiar—even across great distance.
Bitcoin spreads in this way. Not through centralized broadcast, but through subtle resonance. Each new node, each individual who integrates the protocol into their life, strengthens the signal for others. The protocol doesn’t shout; it hums, oscillates and vibrates——persistently, coherently, patiently.
One awakens. Another follows. The current builds. What was fringe becomes familiar. What was radical becomes obvious.
This is the sacred geometry of spiritual awakening. One awakens, another follows, and soon the fluidic current is strong enough to carry the rest. One becomes two, two become many, and eventually the many become One again. This tessellation reverberates through the human aura, not as ideology, but as perceivable pattern recognition.
Bitcoin’s most powerful marketing tool is truth. Its most compelling evangelist is reality. Its most unstoppable force is resonance.
Therefore, Bitcoin is not just financial infrastructure—it is psychic scaffolding. It is part of the subtle architecture through which new patterns of coherence ripple across the collective field.
The training wheels from which humanity learns to embody Peace and Prosperity.
Ego Deflation
The process of awakening is not linear, and its beginning is rarely gentle—it usually begins with disruption, with ego inflation and destruction.
To individuate is to shape a center; to recognize peripherals and create boundaries—to say, “I am.” But without integration, the ego tilts—collapsing into void or inflating into noise. Fiat reflects this pathology: scarcity hoarded, abundance simulated. Stagnation becomes disguised as safety, and inflation masquerades as growth.
In other words, to become whole, the ego must first rise—claiming agency, autonomy, and identity. However, when left unbalanced, it inflates, or implodes. It forgets its context. It begins to consume rather than connect. And so the process must reverse: what inflates must deflate.
In the fiat paradigm, this inflation is literal. More is printed, and ethos is diluted. Savings decay. Meaning erodes. Value is abstracted. The economy becomes bloated with inaudible noise. And like the psyche that refuses to confront its own shadow, it begins to collapse under the weight of its own illusions.
But under Bitcoin, time is honored. Value is preserved. Energy is not abstracted but grounded.
Bitcoin is inherently deflationary—in both economic and spiritual senses. With a fixed supply, it reveals what is truly scarce. Not money, not status—but the finite number of heartbeats we each carry.
To see Bitcoin is to feel that limit in one’s soul. To hold Bitcoin is to feel Time’s weight again. To sense the importance of Bitcoin is to feel the value of preserved, potential energy. It is to confront the reality that what matters cannot be printed, inflated, or faked. In this way, Bitcoin gently confronts the ego—not through punishment, but through clarity.
Deflation, rightly understood, is not collapse—it is refinement. It strips away illusion, bloat, and excess. It restores the clarity of essence.
Spiritually, this is liberation.
The Coin of Great Price
There is an ancient parable told by a wise man:
“The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant seeking fine pearls, who, upon finding one of great price, sold all he had and bought it.”
Bitcoin is such a pearl.
But the ledger is more than a chest full of treasure. It is a key to the heart of things.
It is not just software—it is sacrament.
A symbol of what cannot be corrupted. A mirror of divine order etched into code. A map back to the sacred center.
It reflects what endures. It encodes what cannot be falsified. It remembers what we forgot: that Truth, when aligned with form, becomes Light once again.
Its design is not arbitrary. It speaks the language of life itself—
The elliptic orbits of the planets mirrored in its cryptography,
The logarithmic spiral of the nautilus shell discloses its adoption rate,
The interconnectivity of mycelium in soil reflect the network of nodes in cyberspace,
A webbed breadth of neurons across synaptic space fires with each new confirmed transaction.
It is geometry in devotion. Stillness in motion.
It is the Logos clothed in protocol.
What this key unlocks is beyond external riches. It is the eternal gold within us.
Clarity. Sovereignty. The unshakeable knowing that what is real cannot be taken. That what is sacred was never for sale.
Bitcoin is not the destination.
It is the Path.
And we—when we are willing to see it—are the Temple it leads back to.
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@ 5c26ee8b:a4d229aa
2025-04-25 17:43:53
The Quran and collections of Hadiths (sayings of prophet Mohamed, peace be upon him) such as Sahih Bukhari offer guidance for Muslim people and reading them is essential to know more about the Islamic religion and about what a Muslim should do in every situation. However in the following I will share the essential information for any person thinking about becoming a practicing Muslim.
The meaning of practicing Muslims is in the following Hadiths (sayings) of prophet Mohamed peace be upon him:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو إِدْرِيسَ عَائِذُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، أَنَّ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَهُوَ أَحَدُ النُّقَبَاءِ لَيْلَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ وَحَوْلَهُ عِصَابَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: بَايِعُونِي عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا تَسْرِقُوا، وَلَا تَزْنُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ، وَلَا تَأْتُوا بِبُهْتَانٍ تَفْتَرُونَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَرْجُلِكُمْ، وَلَا تَعْصُوا فِي مَعْرُوفٍ، فَمَنْ وَفَى مِنْكُمْ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَعُوقِبَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ، وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ سَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ إِلَى اللَّهِ إِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا عَنْهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَاقَبَهُ، فَبَايَعْنَاهُ عَلَى ذَلِك.
Translation:Narrated Ubadah bin As-Samit (RA): who took part in the battle of Badr and was a Naqib (a person heading a group of six persons), on the night of Al-Aqabah pledge: Allahs Apostle ﷺ said while a group of his companions were around him, "Swear allegiance to me for: 1. Not to join anything in worship along with Allah. 2. Not to steal. 3. Not to commit illegal sexual intercourse. 4. Not to kill your children. 5. Not to accuse an innocent person (to spread such an accusation among people). 6. Not to be disobedient (when ordered) to do good deed". The Prophet ﷺ added: "Whoever among you fulfills his pledge will be rewarded by Allah. And whoever indulges in any one of them (except the ascription of partners to Allah) and gets the punishment in this world, that punishment will be an expiation for that sin. And if one indulges in any of them, and Allah conceals his sin, it is up to Him to forgive or punish him (in the Hereafter)". Ubadah bin As-Samit (RA) added: "So we swore allegiance for these." (points to Allahs Apostle) ﷺ.
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ، شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَالْحَجِّ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ.
الحج لمن استطاع اليه سبيلا*
Narrated Ibn Umar (RA) : Allahs Apostle ﷺ said: Islam is based on (the following) five (principles): 1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad ﷺ is Allahs Apostle. 2. To offer the (compulsory Salat) prayers dutifully and perfectly. 3. To pay Zakat (i.e. obligatory charity). 4. To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, only if the person is able to do so) 5. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.
Also, in the following verses behaviours that must be adopted by practicing Muslims:
24:30 An-Noor
قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزْكَىٰ لَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ
Tell the believing men to reduce [some] of their vision (lower their gazes) and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Indeed, Allah is Acquainted with what they do.
24:31 An-Noor
وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَائِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَىٰ عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ ۖ وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِنْ زِينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
And tell the believing women to reduce [some] of their vision (lower their gazes) and guard their private parts and not expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears (to cover their bodies in full (the used clothes must not be tight or transparent) except hands and face and to cover the hair) thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests and not expose their adornment except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands' fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers, their brothers' sons, their sisters' sons, their women, that which their right hands possess, or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the private aspects of women. And let them not stamp their feet to make known what they conceal of their adornment. And turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, O believers, that you might succeed.
24:32 An-Noor
وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.
24:33 An-Noor
وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا ۖ وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ ۚ وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِتَبْتَغُوا عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَمَنْ يُكْرِهْهُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِكْرَاهِهِنَّ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
But let them who don’t find [the means for] marriage abstain [from sexual relations] until Allah enriches them from His bounty. And those who seek a contract [for eventual emancipation] from among whom your right hands possess - then make a contract with them if you know there is within them goodness and give them from the wealth of Allah which He has given you. And do not compel your slave girls to prostitution, if they desire chastity, to seek [thereby] the temporary interests of worldly life. And if someone should compel them, then indeed, Allah is [to them], after their compulsion, Forgiving and Merciful.
The compulsory Islamic Salat (prayers) are as follows:
Two rakat for Fajr (dawn), four rakat for Dhuhr (noon), four rakat for Asr (Afternoon), three rakat for Maghrib (sunset), and four rakat for Isha (nighttime).
Please note that women on periods are not required to perform Salat (5 compulsory prayers) until they are pure (end of periods), and are not required to fast as well (Ramadan; although they are required to recover the days they didn’t fast after Ramadan to complete 30 or 29 days of fasting depending on how long is the lunar month of the year in concern or give for charity an equivalent of feeding of 60 person (that must be the cost of the average meal of the person in concern) for each day that they didn’t fast or recover) until they are pure (end of periods); also women can’t touch a hard copy of the Quran during periods.
The compulsory prayer are best rewarded when performed on time and you may use an Athan app ( https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/athan-prayer-times-al-quran/id505858403 , from AppStore or https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.athan&hl=en from Google play) to know the exact time of the Salat (prayers) or download a calendar showing the prayers time in Islam for each month (as the prayer time depends on the sun’s position) or view it online after choosing your location at: https://prayer-times.muslimpro.com Please beware that Salat must be performed towards The Kaaba (house of God, Allah) in Mecca while wearing appropriate covering clothes (women must cover entire body (with wide clothes, please mind that a long wide dress or wide long skirt must be worn) except hands and face and must also cover their hair).
Apart from compulsory prayers a person can perform additional Sunnah prayers (as the meaning of Sunnah is: to take the example of the prophet Mohamed peace be upon him) that are as in the following (each day):
Two rakat Sunnah before Fajr compulsory prayer, four rakat Sunnah before Dhuhr compulsory prayer and two rakat Sunnah after it, None before or after Asr compulsory prayer, Two rakat Sunnah after Maghrib compulsory prayer, And two rakat Sunnah after Isha compulsory prayer.
Other Nawafil (additional prayers; well-rewarded); Doha (two rakat for Doha and can be with other two rakat sunnah afterwards), witr prayer (one raka after Isha or in case of performing Sunnah prayer after it so it’s the last of the day) and Qiyam (voluntary two rakat prayers (usually a group of five two rakat but can be as the person wishes while remembering that in case of having to go to work the person must get enough rest to give own body its right) that are performed during the night, from Isha until Fajr, in case of praying Qiyam it’s better to pray witr afterwards).
Note that performing Salat (praying) in congregation is rewarded 25 times more than the Salat (prayer) of the person alone (and each step towards the congregational praying place or mosque is well rewarded). Also, praying in Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem and prophet’s Mohamed, peace be upon him, mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia, as well as Allah’s Holy Mosque, Kaaba, in Mecca is rewarded hundreds and thousands of times more than the Salat (prayer) in any other place. Please read the following Hadiths regarding congregational Salat (prayers).
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The reward of the prayer offered by a person in congregation is twenty five times greater than that of the prayer offered in one's house or in the market (alone). And this is because if he performs ablution and does it perfectly and then proceeds to the mosque with the sole intention of praying, then for every step he takes towards the mosque, he is upgraded one degree in reward and his one sin is taken off (crossed out) from his accounts (of deeds). When he offers his prayer, the angels keep on asking Allah's Blessings and Allah's forgiveness for him as long as he is (staying) at his Musalla. They say, 'O Allah! Bestow Your blessings upon him, be Merciful and kind to him.' And one is regarded in prayer as long as one is waiting for the prayer."
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا صَالِحٍ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " صَلاَةُ الرَّجُلِ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ تُضَعَّفُ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ وَفِي سُوقِهِ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ ضِعْفًا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ فَأَحْسَنَ الْوُضُوءَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ لاَ يُخْرِجُهُ إِلاَّ الصَّلاَةُ، لَمْ يَخْطُ خَطْوَةً إِلاَّ رُفِعَتْ لَهُ بِهَا دَرَجَةٌ، وَحُطَّ عَنْهُ بِهَا خَطِيئَةٌ، فَإِذَا صَلَّى لَمْ تَزَلِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ مَا دَامَ فِي مُصَلاَّهُ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَيْهِ، اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْهُ. وَلاَ يَزَالُ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي صَلاَةٍ مَا انْتَظَرَ الصَّلاَةَ ".
It was narrated on the authority of Abu Darda’ that he said: The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: A prayer in the Holy Mosque (in Mecca) is equivalent to one hundred thousand prayers, a prayer in my mosque is equivalent to one thousand prayers, and a prayer in Jerusalem is equivalent to five hundred prayers (in other narration praying in the latter is equivalent to two hundred and fifty prayers).
ما ورد عن أبي الدرداء قال: قال ﷺ: الصلاة في المسجد الحرام بمائة ألف صلاة، والصلاة في مسجدي بألف صلاة، والصلاة في بيت المقدس بخمسمائة صلاة (في رواية اخري بمئتين وخمسين صلاة).
It was narrated that 'Uthman bin 'Affan said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Whoever does wudu' properly, then walks to (attend) the prescribed prayer, and prays with the people or with the congregation or in the Masjid, Allah will forgive him his sins."
أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، أَنَّ الْحُكَيْمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُرَشِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ نَافِعَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ حَدَّثَاهُ أَنَّ مُعَاذَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَهُمَا عَنْ حُمْرَانَ، مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ " مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ لِلصَّلاَةِ فَأَسْبَغَ الْوُضُوءَ ثُمَّ مَشَى إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ فَصَلاَّهَا مَعَ النَّاسِ أَوْ مَعَ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَوْ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ذُنُوبَهُ " .
It was narrated from
Uthman binAffan (رضي الله عنه) .Abdur-Razzaq said: from the Prophet (ﷺ) - that he said:Whoever praysIshaand Fajr prayer in congregation, it is as if he spent the night in prayer (qiyamul-lail).” ‘Abdur-Rahman said: Whoever praysIshain congregation, it is as if he spent half the night in prayer, and whoever prays Fajr in congregation, it is as if he spent the entire night in prayer,حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ وَالصُّبْحِ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَهُوَ كَقِيَامِ لَيْلَةٍ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مَنْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَهُوَ كَقِيَامِ نِصْفِ لَيْلَةٍ وَمَنْ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَهُوَ كَقِيَامِ لَيْلَةٍ.
Please mind performing Wudu’, Ghosl (shower after impurity status) or tayamum adequately to have a valid Salat (prayers). The following app can be useful to learn Wudu and Salat. From the AppStore: https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/muslim-guide-salah-wudu/id1187721510 From Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/datasafety?id=com.salah.osratouna&hl=en
Keep in mind the following Hadiths and verses of the Quran while wishing to offer Salat:
4:43 An-Nisaa
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغْتَسِلُوا ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا
O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated (drunk or under the effect of drugs) until you know what you are saying or in a state of janabah (have had a lawful sexual intercourse or have had a wet dream) , except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.
Narrated `Aisha: Whenever the Prophet (ﷺ) took a bath after Janaba he started by washing his hands and then performed ablution like that for the prayer. After that he would put his fingers in water and move the roots of his hair with them, and then pour three handfuls of water over his head and then pour water all over his body.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ إِذَا اغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ بَدَأَ فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ كَمَا يَتَوَضَّأُ لِلصَّلاَةِ، ثُمَّ يُدْخِلُ أَصَابِعَهُ فِي الْمَاءِ، فَيُخَلِّلُ بِهَا أُصُولَ شَعَرِهِ ثُمَّ يَصُبُّ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثَلاَثَ غُرَفٍ بِيَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُفِيضُ الْمَاءَ عَلَى جِلْدِهِ كُلِّهِ.
Narrated Maimuna bint Al-Harith: I placed water for the bath of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and put a screen. He poured water over his hands, and washed them once or twice. (The sub-narrator added that he did not remember if she had said thrice or not). Then he poured water with his right hand over his left one and washed his private parts. He rubbed his hand over the earth or the wall and washed it. He rinsed his mouth and washed his nose by putting water in it and blowing it out. He washed his face, forearms and head. He poured water over his body and then withdrew from that place and washed his feet. I presented him a piece of cloth (towel) and he pointed with his hand (that he does not want it) and did not take it.
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، قَالَتْ وَضَعْتُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم غُسْلاً وَسَتَرْتُهُ، فَصَبَّ عَلَى يَدِهِ، فَغَسَلَهَا مَرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ ـ قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ لاَ أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ الثَّالِثَةَ أَمْ لاَ ـ ثُمَّ أَفْرَغَ بِيَمِينِهِ عَلَى شِمَالِهِ، فَغَسَلَ فَرْجَهُ، ثُمَّ دَلَكَ يَدَهُ بِالأَرْضِ أَوْ بِالْحَائِطِ، ثُمَّ تَمَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ، وَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ، وَغَسَلَ رَأْسَهُ، ثُمَّ صَبَّ عَلَى جَسَدِهِ، ثُمَّ تَنَحَّى فَغَسَلَ قَدَمَيْهِ، فَنَاوَلْتُهُ خِرْقَةً، فَقَالَ بِيَدِهِ هَكَذَا، وَلَمْ يُرِدْهَا.
2:277 Al-Baqara
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ
Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds and establish prayer and give zakah will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.
Giving Zakat, compulsory charity, to be given over the fixed saving held for a year. It’s common established as 2,5% of the saving held for a year (when the year is complete) to be given directly to the needy or to a trustworthy organization that would deliver it to the needy.
Yahya related to me from Malik that Muhammad ibn Uqba, the mawla of az Zubayr, asked al-Qasim ibn Muhammad whether he had to pay any zakat on a large sum given to him by his slave to buy his freedom. Al- Qasim said, "Abu Bakr as-Siddiq did not take zakat from anyone's property until it had been in his possession for a year." Al- Qasim ibn Muhammad continued, "When Abu Bakr gave men their allowances he would ask them, 'Do you have any property on which zakat is due?' If they said, 'Yes,' he would take the zakat on that property out of their allowances. If they said, 'No,' he would hand over their allowances to them without deducting anything from them."
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، مَوْلَى الزُّبَيْرِ : أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُكَاتَبٍ، لَهُ قَاطَعَهُ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ زَكَاةٌ فَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ : إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالٍ زَكَاةً حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ . قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ : وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا أَعْطَى النَّاسَ أَعْطِيَاتِهِمْ يَسْأَلُ الرَّجُلَ هَلْ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ مَالٍ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ فَإِذَا قَالَ : نَعَمْ، أَخَذَ مِنْ عَطَائِهِ زَكَاةَ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ، وَإِنْ قَالَ : لاَ، أَسْلَمَ إِلَيْهِ عَطَاءَهُ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا .
Regarding fasting Ramadan:
Fasting follows the lunar calendar as it must start at the sighting of the new moon of Ramadan and end at the sighting of the new moon of Shawal, each year. Usually it’s either 29 or 30 days. If a person can’t fast for a permanent illness or old age a deya (fixed amount of money can be given preferably before the end of Ramadan that is usually decided by Scholars of Iftaa of the country and can be a reasonable amount for charity to feed or dress the needy). If a person can’t fast for temporary illness, traveling, pregnancy, breastfeeding or periods the missed days must be recovered before the end of the year (as the deed of fasting remains suspended until its complete, the reward of fasting will be known when the person meets God on Judgement Day and it’s generously rewarded). If the person can’t fast the additional days for any reason that is not out of hands (if capable of fasting but decides not to do so for any reason), feeding or dressing 60 person for each day applies (the amount of money dedicated for that purpose must equal the cost of the person’s in concern average meal multiplied by 60 for each day). Fasting is not only from foods and drinks (from the time of Fajr compulsory prayer, dawn, until Maghrib compulsory prayer,sunset), it’s also from sexual intercourses. However, if fasting is interrupted by a lawful sexual intercourse the person must fast two months for each day missed in Ramadan or feed 60 needy people with the equivalent of the cost of the person’s average meal).
2:183 Al-Baqara
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous -
2:184 Al-Baqara
أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ ۚ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ۖ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ ۚ وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
[Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.
2:185 Al-Baqara
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَىٰ وَالْفُرْقَانِ ۚ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ۖ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful.
2:186 Al-Baqara
وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ ۖ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ
And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided.
2:187 Al-Baqara
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَائِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ ۖ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوا مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوهَا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ
It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now, have relations with them and seek that which Allah has decreed for you. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the sunset. And do not have relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allah, so do not approach them. Thus does Allah make clear His ordinances to the people that they may become righteous.
Zakat Al-Fitr, charity given by the end of Ramadan that equals the cost of the equivalent in the following Hadith:
Sunan Abi Dawud 1611 Ibn ‘Umar said : The Messenger of Allah(ﷺ) prescribed as zakat payable by slave and freeman, male and female, among the muslims on closing the fast of Ramadan one sa of dried dates or one sa’ of barley. (This tradition was read out byu ‘Abd Allah b. Maslamah to Malik)
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، - وَقَرَأَهُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ أَيْضًا - عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ - قَالَ فِيهِ فِيمَا قَرَأَهُ عَلَىَّ مَالِكٌ - زَكَاةُ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ صَاعٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعٌ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ عَلَى كُلِّ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ .
Reciting the Quran is rewarded ten good points for each letter, however, the hard copy of the Quran must not be touched in case of impurity (after wet dreams or lawful sexual intercourses without performing Ghosl (full body shower with Wudu) or during periods for women). The person can recite what’s memorized by heart in case of not being able to touch a hard copy of the Quran.
2:222 Al-Baqara
وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ ۖ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ ۖ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطْهُرْنَ ۖ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ
And they ask you about menstruation. Say, "It is harm, so keep away from wives during menstruation. And do not approach them until they are pure. And when they have purified themselves, then come to them from where Allah has ordained for you. Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves."
Every new Muslim is purified from previous sins (as if reborn and it’s considered a form of migration; from a religion to Islam), however, God’s forgiveness must not be taken for granted so a person must be sincere and honestly converting to Islam for God’s sake while striving for doing good deeds and leaving bad habits or sins.
Spouses of new Muslims that are not Muslim, either must convert to keep the relationship lawful or one of the following must apply: If the wife or husband are not Muslim and a disbeliever in God’s oneness, the relation will be considered unlawful (therefore the relationship must end immediately or a separation must take place until the wife or husband believes). If the wife is a Christian or a Jew, associating others in worship with God, Allah, such as prophet Jesus peace be upon him, must be stopped immediately and the wife must be practicing own religion righteously. Please note that the case of a Christian or a Jewish husband for a Muslim woman was a dispute among scholars, however, for the safety of practicing the Islamic religion either by the wife or by the offspring, the relationship must end in case the husband does not wish to convert to Islam or in case of clear signs of disbelief in the oneness of God as this would drift the family to hellfire.
Regarding relationships please refer to the following verses:
2:221 Al-Baqara
وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّىٰ يُؤْمِنَّ ۚ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ ۗ وَلَا تُنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّىٰ يُؤْمِنُوا ۚ وَلَعَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ ۗ أُولَٰئِكَ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ ۖ وَيُبَيِّنُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ
And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe. And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even though she might please you. And do not marry polytheistic men [to your women] until they believe. And a believing slave is better than a polytheist, even though he might please you. Those invite [you] to the Fire, but Allah invites to Paradise and to forgiveness, by His permission. And He makes clear His verses to the people that perhaps they may remember.
5:5 Al-Maaida
الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ ۖ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ ۖ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِي أَخْدَانٍ ۗ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture (Torah and Gospel) is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture (Torah and Gospel) before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking [secret] lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.
In Islam it’s allowed for a man to marry up to four wives although it’s advised to marry only one as fairness must be maintained. Please note that wives of the same man are not meant to share the same bed. Also, marriage is not allowed between people of the same gender.
4:3 An-Nisaa
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىٰ فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰ أَلَّا تَعُولُوا
And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [marry only] one or those your right hand possesses. That is more suitable that you may not incline [to injustice].
4:129 An-Nisaa
وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتُمْ ۖ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ ۚ وَإِنْ تُصْلِحُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا
And you will never be able to be equal [in feeling] between wives, even if you should strive [to do so]. So do not incline completely [toward one] and leave another on hold. And if you amend [your affairs] and fear Allah - then indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.
Abu Sa'id reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A man must not look at a man’s private parts or a woman at a woman’s, and a man must not come close to a man in one garment or a woman to a woman in one garment (i.e. under the bed’s covers).”
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا يَنْظُرُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى عَوْرَةِ الرَّجُلِ وَلَا الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى عَوْرَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَلَا يُفْضِي الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ وَلَا تُفْضِي الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ فِي ثوب وَاحِد» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم
Also, the divorce is allowed as mentioned in the following verses.
65:1 At-Talaaq
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ ۖ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ ۚ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ ۚ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ أَمْرًا
O Prophet, when you [Muslims] divorce women, divorce them for [the commencement of] their waiting period and keep count of the waiting period, and fear Allah, your Lord. Do not turn them out of their [husbands'] houses, nor should they [themselves] leave [during that period] unless they are committing a clear immorality. And those are the limits [set by] Allah. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah has certainly wronged himself. You know not; perhaps Allah will bring about after that a [different] matter.
65:2 At-Talaaq
فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا
And when they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or part with them according to acceptable terms. And bring to witness two just men from among you and establish the testimony for [the acceptance of] Allah. That is instructed to whoever should believe in Allah and the Last day. And whoever fears Allah - He will make for him a way out
65:3 At-Talaaq
وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَالِغُ أَمْرِهِ ۚ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدْرًا
And will provide for him from where he does not expect. And whoever relies upon Allah - then He is sufficient for him. Indeed, Allah will accomplish His purpose. Allah has already set for everything a [decreed] extent.
65:4 At-Talaaq
وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ ۚ وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا
And those who no longer expect menstruation among your women - if you doubt, then their period is three months, and [also for] those who have not menstruated. And for those who are pregnant, their term is until they give birth. And whoever fears Allah - He will make for him of his matter ease.
65:5 At-Talaaq
ذَٰلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا
That is the command of Allah, which He has sent down to you; and whoever fears Allah - He will remove for him his misdeeds and make great for him his reward.
65:6 At-Talaaq
أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنْتُمْ مِنْ وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ ۚ وَإِنْ كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ ۚ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ۖ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ ۖ وَإِنْ تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَىٰ
Lodge them [in a section] of where you dwell out of your means and do not harm them in order to oppress them. And if they should be pregnant, then spend on them until they give birth. And if they breastfeed for you, then give them their payment and confer among yourselves in the acceptable way; but if you are in discord, then there may breastfeed for the father another woman.
65:7 At-Talaaq
لِيُنْفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِنْ سَعَتِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آتَاهُ اللَّهُ ۚ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آتَاهَا ۚ سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا
Let a man of wealth spend from his wealth, and he whose provision is restricted - let him spend from what Allah has given him. Allah does not charge a soul except [according to] what He has given it. Allah will bring about, after hardship, ease.
2:227 Al-Baqara
وَإِنْ عَزَمُوا الطَّلَاقَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And if they decide on divorce - then indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
2:228 Al-Baqara
وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ ۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِنْ كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا ۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
Divorced women remain in waiting for three periods, and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allah has created in their wombs if they believe in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have more right to take them back in this [period] if they want reconciliation. And due to the wives is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable. But the men have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority]. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
2:229 Al-Baqara
الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ ۖ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ ۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَعْتَدُوهَا ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
Divorce is twice. Then, either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment. And it is not lawful for you to take anything of what you have given them unless both fear that they will not be able to keep [within] the limits of Allah. But if you fear that they will not keep [within] the limits of Allah, then there is no blame upon either of them concerning that by which she ransoms herself. These are the limits of Allah, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits of Allah - it is those who are the wrongdoers.
2:230 Al-Baqara
فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّىٰ تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ ۗ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَرَاجَعَا إِنْ ظَنَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ
And if he has divorced her [for the third time], then she is not lawful to him afterward until [after] she marries a husband other than him. And if the latter husband divorces her [or dies], there is no blame upon the woman and her former husband for returning to each other if they think that they can keep [within] the limits of Allah. These are the limits of Allah, which He makes clear to a people who know.
2:231 Al-Baqara
وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ ۚ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوهُنَّ ضِرَارًا لِتَعْتَدُوا ۚ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ ۚ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا آيَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا ۚ وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
And when you divorce women and they have [nearly] fulfilled their term, either retain them according to acceptable terms or release them according to acceptable terms, and do not keep them, intending harm, to transgress [against them]. And whoever does that has certainly wronged himself. And do not take the verses of Allah in jest. And remember the favor of Allah upon you and what has been revealed to you of the Book and wisdom by which He instructs you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is Knowing of all things.
2:232 Al-Baqara
وَإِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ إِذَا تَرَاضَوْا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۗ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَزْكَىٰ لَكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
And when you divorce women and they have fulfilled their term, do not prevent them from remarrying their [former] husbands if they agree among themselves on an acceptable basis. That is instructed to whoever of you believes in Allah and the Last Day. That is better for you and purer, and Allah knows and you know not.
2:233 Al-Baqara
۞ وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ ۖ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ ۚ وَعَلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۚ لَا تُضَارَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ ۚ وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَٰلِكَ ۗ فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا ۗ وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُمْ مَا آتَيْتُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
Mothers may breastfeed their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing [period]. Upon the father is the mothers' provision and their clothing according to what is acceptable. No person is charged with more than his capacity. No mother should be harmed through her child, and no father through his child. And upon the [father's] heir is [a duty] like that [of the father]. And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and consultation, there is no blame upon either of them. And if you wish to have your children nursed by a substitute, there is no blame upon you as long as you give payment according to what is acceptable. And fear Allah and know that Allah is seeing what you do.
The offspring of a Muslim person are Muslim too, and it’s the responsibility of the parent/s to teach their children the Islamic religion and also make sure they offer compulsory Salat (prayers) and fast as in the following.
'Amr bin Shu'aib reported on his father's authority that his grandfather (May Allah be pleased with him) said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Command your children to perform Salat (prayer) when they are seven years old, and beat them for (not offering) it when they are ten, and do not let (boys and girls) sleep together".
[Abu Dawud, who categorized it as Hadith Hasan with a Hasan Chain]. وعن عمرو بن شعيب، عن أبيه، عن جده رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " مروا أولادكم بالصلاة وهم أبناء سبع سنين، واضربوهم عليها، وهم أبناء عشر، وفرقوا بينهم في المضاجع" ((حديث حسن رواه أبو داود بإسناد حسن)).
Narrated Ar-Rubi' bint Mu'awadh: "The Prophet (ﷺ) sent a messenger to the village of the Ansar in the morning of the day of 'Ashura' (10th of Muharram) to announce: 'Whoever has eaten something should not eat but complete the fast, and whoever is observing the fast should complete it.' "She further said, "Since then we used to fast on that day regularly and also make our boys fast. We used to make toys of wool for the boys and if anyone of them cried for, he was given those toys till it was the time of the breaking of the fast." (As mentioned in the Hadith, boys used to fast).
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ ذَكْوَانَ، عَنِ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذٍ، قَالَتْ أَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم غَدَاةَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَى قُرَى الأَنْصَارِ " مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيُتِمَّ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ، وَمَنْ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَلْيَصُمْ ". قَالَتْ فَكُنَّا نَصُومُهُ بَعْدُ، وَنُصَوِّمُ صِبْيَانَنَا، وَنَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ اللُّعْبَةَ مِنَ الْعِهْنِ، فَإِذَا بَكَى أَحَدُهُمْ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ أَعْطَيْنَاهُ ذَاكَ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ عِنْدَ الإِفْطَارِ.
Unlawful relationship must be ended immediately.
Drinking Alcoholic drink of any kind that can even cause a light drunk state must be abandoned as well as any lottery, any type of gambling or taking usury.
2:219 Al-Baqara
۞ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ ۖ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمَا ۗ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ
They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, "In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit." And they ask you what they should spend. Say, "The excess [beyond needs]." Thus Allah makes clear to you the verses [of revelation] that you might give thought.
2:275 Al-Baqara
الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا ۗ وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا ۚ فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَىٰ فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
Those who consume interest cannot stand [on the Day of Resurrection] except as one stands who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they say, "Trade is [just] like interest." But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allah. But whoever returns to [dealing in interest or usury] - those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein.
Regarding food and what is forbidden to eat please read the following verses.
5:3 Al-Maaida
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ ۚ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ ۙ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah, and [those animals] killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you [are able to] slaughter [before its death], and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and [prohibited is] that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
5:4 Al-Maaida
يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ ۖ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ ۙ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ ۖ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ
They ask you, [O Muhammad], what has been made lawful for them. Say, "Lawful for you are [all] good foods and [game caught by] what you have trained of hunting animals which you train as Allah has taught you. So eat of what they catch for you, and mention the name of Allah upon it, and fear Allah." Indeed, Allah is swift in account.
A Muslim can travel to three sites as mentioned in the following Hadith. Also, Hajj (pilgrimage) can start from Masjid Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, other Miqat places (departure places for pilgrimage) or the places where they live.
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Mounts are not saddled for except to (travel to) three Masjids: Al-Masjid Al-Haram, this Masjid of mine, and Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " لاَ تُشَدُّ الرِّحَالُ إِلاَّ إِلَى ثَلاَثَةِ مَسَاجِدَ مَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَمَسْجِدِي هَذَا وَمَسْجِدِ الأَقْصَى " .
Please mind that spreading Islam is well rewarded as the person receive good point as much as the good deeds performed by each new Muslim (which in this case good for me).
2:196 Al-Baqara
وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ۖ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ ۚ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ ۚ فَإِذَا أَمِنْتُمْ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ ۚ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ ۗ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
And complete the Hajj and 'umrah for Allah. But if you are prevented, then [offer] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity or sacrifice. And when you are secure, then whoever performs 'umrah [during the Hajj months] followed by Hajj [offers] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And whoever cannot find [or afford such an animal] - then a fast of three days during Hajj and of seven when you have returned [home]. Those are ten complete [days]. This is for those whose family is not in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram. And fear Allah and know that Allah is severe in penalty.
2:197 Al-Baqara
الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ ۚ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَىٰ ۚ وَاتَّقُونِ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ
Hajj is [during] well-known months (of the Lunar calendar, Shawal, Dhul-Qu’dah and the first ten days of Dhul- Hijjah), so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of ihram], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj. And whatever good you do - Allah knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is fear of Allah. And fear Me, O you of understanding.
2:198 Al-Baqara
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ
There is no blame upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord [during Hajj]. But when you depart from 'Arafat, remember Allah at al- Mash'ar al-Haram. And remember Him, as He has guided you, for indeed, you were before that among those astray.
2:199 Al-Baqara
ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
Then depart from the place from where [all] the people depart and ask forgiveness of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
2:200 Al-Baqara
فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمْ مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَذِكْرِكُمْ آبَاءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْرًا ۗ فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ
And when you have completed your rites, remember Allah like your [previous] remembrance of your fathers or with [much] greater remembrance. And among the people is he who says, "Our Lord, give us in this world," and he will have in the Hereafter no share.
2:201 Al-Baqara
وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
But among them is he who says, "Our Lord, give us in this world [that which is] good and in the Hereafter [that which is] good and protect us from the punishment of the Fire."
2:202 Al-Baqara
أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا ۚ وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ
Those will have a share of what they have earned, and Allah is swift in account.
2:203 Al-Baqara
۞ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ ۚ فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ لِمَنِ اتَّقَىٰ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ
And remember Allah during [specific] numbered days. Then whoever hastens [his departure] in two days - there is no sin upon him; and whoever delays [until the third] - there is no sin upon him - for him who fears Allah. And fear Allah and know that unto Him you will be gathered.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَأُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَرَى الْجِهَادَ أَفْضَلَ الْعَمَلِ، أَفَلَا نُجَاهِدُ ؟، قَالَ: لَا، لَكِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الْجِهَادِ حَجٌّ مَبْرُورٌ.
Narrated Aisha (RA): (the mother of the faithful believers) I said, "O Allahs Apostle ﷺ ! We consider Jihad (fighting for the cause of God, Allah) as the best deed." The Prophet ﷺ said, "The best Jihad is Hajj Mabrur (pilgrimage sincere for God’s sake and blessed). "
حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا سَيَّارٌ أَبُو الْحَكَمِ ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَازِمٍ ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، يَقُولُ: مَنْ حَجَّ لِلَّهِ فَلَمْ يَرْفُثْ وَلَمْ يَفْسُقْ رَجَعَ كَيَوْمِ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ.
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA): The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever performs Hajj for Allahs pleasure and does not have sexual relations with his wife, and does not do evil or sins then he will return (after Hajj free from all sins) as if he were born anew."
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَّتَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَلِأَهْلِ الشَّأْمِ الْجُحْفَةَ، وَلِأَهْلِ نَجْدٍ قَرْنَ الْمَنَازِلِ، وَلِأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يَلَمْلَمَ هُنَّ لَهُنَّ وَلِمَنْ أَتَى عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ غَيْرِهِنَّ مِمَّنْ أَرَادَ الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَمِنْ حَيْثُ أَنْشَأَ حَتَّى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ.
Narrated Ibn Abbas (RA): Allahs Apostle ﷺ made Dhul-Huiaifa as the Miqat (places to depart for Hajj, pilgrimage, from) for the people of Medina; Al-Juhfa for the people of Sham; Qarn-al-Manazil for the people of Najd; and Yalamlam for the people of Yemen; and these Mawaqit are for the people at those very places, and besides them for those who come thorough those places with the intention of performing Hajj and Umra; and whoever is living within these boundaries can assume lhram from the place he starts, and the people of Makkah can assume Ihram (getting purified for hajj and starting to wear the appropriate clothing, two Izar (large white sheets one to be worn around the waist and the other above the shoulders) for men and clothes for women) from Makkah.
2:125 Al-Baqara
وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى ۖ وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنْ طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ
And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer. And We charged Abraham and Ishmael, [saying], "Purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who are staying [there] for worship and those who bow and prostrate [in prayer]."
2:158 Al-Baqara
۞ إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا ۚ وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ
Indeed, as-Safa and al-Marwah are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes Hajj to the House or performs 'umrah - there is no blame upon him for walking between them (seven times all the way back and forth). And whoever volunteers good - then indeed, Allah is appreciative and Knowing.
A man who wants to perform the Hajj (from Mecca) can perform the Tawaf around the Ka
ba (seven times) as long as he is not in the state of Ihram till he assumes the Ihram for Hajj. Then, if he rides and proceeds toArafat, he should take a Hadi (i.e. animal for sacrifice), either a camel or a cow or a sheep, whatever he can afford; but if he cannot afford it, he should fast for three days during the Hajj before the day ofArafat, but if the third day of his fasting happens to be the day ofArafat (i.e. 9th of Dhul-Hijja) then it is no sin for him (to fast on it). Then he should proceed toArafat and stay there from the time of theAsr prayer till darkness falls. Then the pilgrims should proceed from `Arafat, and when they have departed from it, they reach Jam' (i.e. Al-Muzdalifa) where they ask Allah to help them to be righteous and dutiful to Him, and there they remember Allah greatly or say Takbir (i.e. Allah is Greater) and Tahlil (i.e. None has the right to be worshipped but Allah) repeatedly before dawn breaks. Then, after offering the morning (Fajr) prayer you should pass on (to Mina) for the people used to do so and Allah said:-- "Then depart from the place whence all the people depart. And ask for Allah's Forgiveness. Truly! Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." (2.199) Then you should go on doing so till you throw pebbles over the Jamra.حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِي كُرَيْبٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ يَطَوَّفُ الرَّجُلُ بِالْبَيْتِ مَا كَانَ حَلاَلاً حَتَّى يُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ، فَإِذَا رَكِبَ إِلَى عَرَفَةَ فَمَنْ تَيَسَّرَ لَهُ هَدِيَّةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ أَوِ الْبَقَرِ أَوِ الْغَنَمِ، مَا تَيَسَّرَ لَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَىَّ ذَلِكَ شَاءَ، غَيْرَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتَيَسَّرْ لَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ آخِرُ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الأَيَّامِ الثَّلاَثَةِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَنْطَلِقْ حَتَّى يَقِفَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ مِنْ صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ الظَّلاَمُ، ثُمَّ لِيَدْفَعُوا مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ إِذَا أَفَاضُوا مِنْهَا حَتَّى يَبْلُغُوا جَمْعًا الَّذِي يُتَبَرَّرُ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا، أَوْ أَكْثِرُوا التَّكْبِيرَ وَالتَّهْلِيلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُصْبِحُوا ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ كَانُوا يُفِيضُونَ، وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} حَتَّى تَرْمُوا الْجَمْرَةَ.
It was narrated that Abdur-Rahman bin Yamur said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah when people came to him and asked him about Hajj. The Messenger of Allah said: 'Hajj is Arafat. Whoever catches up with the night of Arafat (the 9th of Dhul-Hijja) before dawn comes on the night of Jam (Al-Muzdalifah), his Hajj is complete.'"
أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا وَكِيعٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، قَالَ شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَتَاهُ نَاسٌ فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنِ الْحَجِّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " الْحَجُّ عَرَفَةُ فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ لَيْلَةَ عَرَفَةَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ مِنْ لَيْلَةِ جَمْعٍ فَقَدْ تَمَّ حَجُّهُ " .
The Prophet (ﷺ) with his companions started from Medina after combing and oiling his hair and putting on two sheets of lhram (upper body cover and waist cover). He did not forbid anyone to wear any kind of sheets except the ones colored with saffron because they may leave the scent on the skin. And so in the early morning, the Prophet (ﷺ) mounted his Mount while in Dhul-Hulaifa and set out till they reached Baida', where he and his companions recited Talbiya, and then they did the ceremony of Taqlid (which means to put the colored garlands around the necks of the Budn (camels for sacrifice). And all that happened on the 25th of Dhul-Qa'da. And when he reached Mecca on the 4th of Dhul-Hijja he performed the Tawaf round the Ka
ba and performed the Tawaf between Safa and Marwa. And as he had a Badana and had garlanded it, he did not finish his Ihram. He proceeded towards the highest places of Mecca near Al-Hujun and he was assuming the Ihram for Hajj and did not go near the Kaba after he performed Tawaf (round it) till he returned fromArafat. Then he ordered his companions to perform the Tawaf round the Kaba and then the Tawaf of Safa and Marwa, and to cut short the hair of their heads and to finish their Ihram. And that was only for those people who had not garlanded Budn. Those who had their wives with them were permitted to contact them (have sexual intercourse), and similarly perfume and (ordinary) clothes were permissible for them.حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي كُرَيْبٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ انْطَلَقَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، بَعْدَ مَا تَرَجَّلَ وَادَّهَنَ وَلَبِسَ إِزَارَهُ وَرِدَاءَهُ، هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، فَلَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْ شَىْءٍ مِنَ الأَرْدِيَةِ وَالأُزْرِ تُلْبَسُ إِلاَّ الْمُزَعْفَرَةَ الَّتِي تَرْدَعُ عَلَى الْجِلْدِ، فَأَصْبَحَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، رَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْبَيْدَاءِ، أَهَلَّ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَقَلَّدَ بَدَنَتَهُ، وَذَلِكَ لِخَمْسٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، فَقَدِمَ مَكَّةَ لأَرْبَعِ لَيَالٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ ذِي الْحَجَّةِ، فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَسَعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَلَمْ يَحِلَّ مِنْ أَجْلِ بُدْنِهِ لأَنَّهُ قَلَّدَهَا، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ بِأَعْلَى مَكَّةَ عِنْدَ الْحَجُونِ، وَهْوَ مُهِلٌّ بِالْحَجِّ، وَلَمْ يَقْرَبِ الْكَعْبَةَ بَعْدَ طَوَافِهِ بِهَا حَتَّى رَجَعَ مِنْ عَرَفَةَ، وَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ يُقَصِّرُوا مِنْ رُءُوسِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَحِلُّوا، وَذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ بَدَنَةٌ قَلَّدَهَا، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ مَعَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ فَهِيَ لَهُ حَلاَلٌ، وَالطِّيبُ وَالثِّيَابُ.
Ibn 'Abbas said that he has been asked regarding Hajj-at-Tamattu' on which he said: "The Muhajirin and the Ansar and the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) and we did the same. When we reached Makkah, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Give up your intention of doing the Hajj (at this moment) and perform 'Umra, except the one who had garlanded the Hady." So, we performed Tawaf round the Ka'bah and [Sa'y] between As-safa and Al-MArwa, slept with our wives and wore ordinary (stitched) clothes. The Prophet (ﷺ) added, "Whoever has garlanded his Hady is not allowed to finish the Ihram till the Hady has reached its destination (has been sacrificed)". Then on the night of Tarwiya (8th Dhul Hijjah, in the afternoon) he ordered us to assume Ihram for Hajj and when we have performed all the ceremonies of Hajj, we came and performed Tawaf round the Ka'bah and (Sa'y) between As-Safa and Al-Marwa, and then our Hajj was complete, and we had to sacrifice a Hady according to the statement of Allah: "... He must slaughter a Hady such as he can afford, but if he cannot afford it, he should observer Saum (fasts) three days during the Hajj and seven days after his return (to his home)…." (V. 2: 196). And the sacrifice of the sheep is sufficient. So, the Prophet (ﷺ) and his Companions joined the two religious deeds, (i.e. Hajj and 'Umra) in one year, for Allah revealed (the permissibility) of such practice in His book and in the Sunna (legal ways) of His Prophet (ﷺ) and rendered it permissible for all the people except those living in Makkah. Allah says: "This is for him whose family is not present at the Al-Masjid-Al-Haram, (i.e. non resident of Makkah)." The months of Hajj which Allah mentioned in His book are: Shawwal, Dhul-Qa'da and Dhul-Hijjah. Whoever performed Hajj-at-Tamattu' in those months, then slaughtering or fasting is compulsory for him. The words: 1. Ar-Rafatha means sexual intercourse. 2. Al-Fasuq means all kinds of sin, and 3. Al-Jidal means to dispute.
وَقَالَ أَبُو كَامِلٍ فُضَيْلُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ مُتْعَةِ الْحَجِّ، فَقَالَ أَهَلَّ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالأَنْصَارُ وَأَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ وَأَهْلَلْنَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا مَكَّةَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " اجْعَلُوا إِهْلاَلَكُمْ بِالْحَجِّ عُمْرَةً إِلاَّ مَنْ قَلَّدَ الْهَدْىَ ". فَطُفْنَا بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ وَأَتَيْنَا النِّسَاءَ، وَلَبِسْنَا الثِّيَابَ وَقَالَ " مَنْ قَلَّدَ الْهَدْىَ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْىُ مَحِلَّهُ ". ثُمَّ أَمَرَنَا عَشِيَّةَ التَّرْوِيَةِ أَنْ نُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ، فَإِذَا فَرَغْنَا مِنَ الْمَنَاسِكِ جِئْنَا فَطُفْنَا بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ فَقَدْ تَمَّ حَجُّنَا، وَعَلَيْنَا الْهَدْىُ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْىِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ} إِلَى أَمْصَارِكُمْ. الشَّاةُ تَجْزِي، فَجَمَعُوا نُسُكَيْنِ فِي عَامٍ بَيْنَ الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَسَنَّهُ نَبِيُّهُ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَبَاحَهُ لِلنَّاسِ غَيْرَ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ {ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُ حَاضِرِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ} وَأَشْهُرُ الْحَجِّ الَّتِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى شَوَّالٌ وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَذُو الْحَجَّةِ، فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ فِي هَذِهِ الأَشْهُرِ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمٌ أَوْ صَوْمٌ، وَالرَّفَثُ الْجِمَاعُ، وَالْفُسُوقُ الْمَعَاصِي، وَالْجِدَالُ الْمِرَاءُ.
Finally, note that reverting after accepting Islam is severely punished as described in the following.
Narrated Anas (RA): The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever possesses the following three qualities will have the sweetness (delight) of faith: 1. The one to whom Allah and His Apostle ﷺ becomes dearer than anything else. 2. Who loves a person and he loves him only for Allahs sake. 3. Who hates to revert to Atheism (disbelief) as he hates to be thrown into the fire".
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: ثَلَاثٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ وَجَدَ حَلَاوَةَ الْإِيمَانِ، أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا سِوَاهُمَا، وَأَنْ يُحِبَّ الْمَرْءَ لَا يُحِبُّهُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، وَأَنْ يَكْرَهَ أَنْ يَعُودَ فِي الْكُفْرِ كَمَا يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُقْذَفَ فِي النَّارِ.
2:217 Al-Baqara
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ ۖ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ۖ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ۗ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا ۚ وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ
They ask you about the sacred month - about fighting therein. Say, "Fighting therein is great [sin], but averting [people] from the way of Allah and disbelief in Him and [preventing access to] al-Masjid al-Haram and the expulsion of its people therefrom are greater [evil] in the sight of Allah. And fitnah is greater than killing." And they will continue to fight you until they turn you back from your religion if they are able. And whoever of you reverts from his religion [to disbelief] and dies while he is a disbeliever - for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter, and those are the companions of the Fire, they will abide therein eternally.
For any questions please refer to the Imam of the nearest mosque (as he is usually an Islamic scholar or studied Islam in order to help others). Also, you may refer to Al-Azhar for any question about the Islamic religion on the following link:
https://www.azhar.eg/en/Useful-Links/Fatwa-Request
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@ 2ed3596e:98b4cc78
2025-04-24 18:31:53
Bitcoiners, your points just got a lot more epic! We’re thrilled to announce the launch of the Bitcoin Well Point Store, available now in Canada and the USA.
Now you can redeem your Bitcoin Well points for prizes that level up and celebrate your Bitcoin lifestyle.
What can you get in store?
Right now, you can exchange your points for:
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Simply Bitcoin hoodie: Rep your Bitcoin pride in style
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Exclusive Bitcoin Well Stampseed backup plate: Protect and manage your private keys securely
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Personalized LeatherMint wallet: Classy, sleek, and ready to hold your fiat (until you convert it to sats!)
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Tesla Cybertruck in Bitcoin orange: Wait…really? A Cybertruck? Who approved this?
More epic items will be available in the Bitcoin Well Point Store in the coming months. Stay tuned!
How to redeem your Bitcoin Well Points
Redeeming your points is easy:
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Log in and go the Bitcoin Well Points store within the Rewards Section
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Check your Bitcoin Well point balance
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Redeem Your Bitcoin Well points for the prize of your dreams
Once you’ve purchased an item from the Bitcoin Well Point Store, we’ll email you to figure out where you want us to ship your prize. Unless it's the Cybertruck, then you can come to our office and pick it up!
How can you earn more Bitcoin Well Points? ⚡
Here are all the ways you can earn Bitcoin Well points:
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Buy bitcoin/Sell bitcoin/pay bills - 3 Points per $10
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Recurring buy - 5 points per $10
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First transaction bonus - 500 points
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Refer a friend to Bitcoin Well - 500 points
The more you use Bitcoin Well, the more points you earn, rewarding you for investing in your freedom and self-sovereignty
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What makes Bitcoin Well different
Bitcoin Well is on a mission to enable independence. We do this by making it easy to self custody bitcoin and embracing the latest bitcoin innovations. By custodying their own money, our customers are free to do as they wish without begging for permission. By creating a full ecosystem to buy, sell and use your bitcoin to connect with the modern financial world, you are able to have your cake and eat it too - or have your bitcoin in self custody and easily spend it too 🎂.
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Invest in Bitcoin Well
We are publicly traded (and love it when our customers become shareholders!) and hold ourselves to a high standard of enabling life on a Bitcoin standard. If you want to learn more about Bitcoin Well, please visit our website or reach out!
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@ 0e67f053:cb1d4b93
2025-04-24 16:44:31
By Carl Tuckerson, Who Weeps During City Council Meetings
Democracy is not a system.
It is a living, breathing organism, pulsating with the ancestral heartbeat of every barefoot revolutionary who ever composted oppression into community gardens of change.
It is consent manifested, a tapestry woven by the trembling hands of the marginalized and the mildly inconvenienced alike. It is radical accountability on a biodegradable ballot.
Democracy is the collective inhale of a million voices saying, “Yes, I matter,” and the collective exhale of power releasing its grip—not because it was forced to, but because it finally understood its own trauma.
It is fluid, non-binary, and consensually participatory. A polyamorous relationship between people, policy, and purpose. No labels. Just vibes.
It is the sacred act of showing up—in person, in spirit, in ethically sourced linen—because you believe that your voice, no matter how tremulously intersectional, is a note in the symphony of collective liberation.
Democracy is not red or blue. It’s not even purple. It’s the entire spectrum of human expression, from burnt sienna to sunset glitter sparkle.
It is brunch and ballots. It is protest and poetry. It is tweeting while crying while registering your roommate to vote.
It is government of the people, by the people, and for the people, but especially for the people who’ve been gaslit by history.
And when democracy falters, we don’t abolish it—we give it a weighted blanket, whisper affirmations into its ear, and tell it to take the day off, because healing is not linear.
So what is democracy?
It’s not a noun.It’s not even a verb.It’s a sacred energy exchange—and if you listen closely, you can hear it humming in the compost bin behind your community center.
Namaste. Vote. And remember: ballots are spells cast in ink. Use yours wisely.
— Carl, “Decolonize the Vote” Tuckerson
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/956879
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@ 40b9c85f:5e61b451
2025-04-24 15:27:02
Introduction
Data Vending Machines (DVMs) have emerged as a crucial component of the Nostr ecosystem, offering specialized computational services to clients across the network. As defined in NIP-90, DVMs operate on an apparently simple principle: "data in, data out." They provide a marketplace for data processing where users request specific jobs (like text translation, content recommendation, or AI text generation)
While DVMs have gained significant traction, the current specification faces challenges that hinder widespread adoption and consistent implementation. This article explores some ideas on how we can apply the reflection pattern, a well established approach in RPC systems, to address these challenges and improve the DVM ecosystem's clarity, consistency, and usability.
The Current State of DVMs: Challenges and Limitations
The NIP-90 specification provides a broad framework for DVMs, but this flexibility has led to several issues:
1. Inconsistent Implementation
As noted by hzrd149 in "DVMs were a mistake" every DVM implementation tends to expect inputs in slightly different formats, even while ostensibly following the same specification. For example, a translation request DVM might expect an event ID in one particular format, while an LLM service could expect a "prompt" input that's not even specified in NIP-90.
2. Fragmented Specifications
The DVM specification reserves a range of event kinds (5000-6000), each meant for different types of computational jobs. While creating sub-specifications for each job type is being explored as a possible solution for clarity, in a decentralized and permissionless landscape like Nostr, relying solely on specification enforcement won't be effective for creating a healthy ecosystem. A more comprehensible approach is needed that works with, rather than against, the open nature of the protocol.
3. Ambiguous API Interfaces
There's no standardized way for clients to discover what parameters a specific DVM accepts, which are required versus optional, or what output format to expect. This creates uncertainty and forces developers to rely on documentation outside the protocol itself, if such documentation exists at all.
The Reflection Pattern: A Solution from RPC Systems
The reflection pattern in RPC systems offers a compelling solution to many of these challenges. At its core, reflection enables servers to provide metadata about their available services, methods, and data types at runtime, allowing clients to dynamically discover and interact with the server's API.
In established RPC frameworks like gRPC, reflection serves as a self-describing mechanism where services expose their interface definitions and requirements. In MCP reflection is used to expose the capabilities of the server, such as tools, resources, and prompts. Clients can learn about available capabilities without prior knowledge, and systems can adapt to changes without requiring rebuilds or redeployments. This standardized introspection creates a unified way to query service metadata, making tools like
grpcurlpossible without requiring precompiled stubs.How Reflection Could Transform the DVM Specification
By incorporating reflection principles into the DVM specification, we could create a more coherent and predictable ecosystem. DVMs already implement some sort of reflection through the use of 'nip90params', which allow clients to discover some parameters, constraints, and features of the DVMs, such as whether they accept encryption, nutzaps, etc. However, this approach could be expanded to provide more comprehensive self-description capabilities.
1. Defined Lifecycle Phases
Similar to the Model Context Protocol (MCP), DVMs could benefit from a clear lifecycle consisting of an initialization phase and an operation phase. During initialization, the client and DVM would negotiate capabilities and exchange metadata, with the DVM providing a JSON schema containing its input requirements. nip-89 (or other) announcements can be used to bootstrap the discovery and negotiation process by providing the input schema directly. Then, during the operation phase, the client would interact with the DVM according to the negotiated schema and parameters.
2. Schema-Based Interactions
Rather than relying on rigid specifications for each job type, DVMs could self-advertise their schemas. This would allow clients to understand which parameters are required versus optional, what type validation should occur for inputs, what output formats to expect, and what payment flows are supported. By internalizing the input schema of the DVMs they wish to consume, clients gain clarity on how to interact effectively.
3. Capability Negotiation
Capability negotiation would enable DVMs to advertise their supported features, such as encryption methods, payment options, or specialized functionalities. This would allow clients to adjust their interaction approach based on the specific capabilities of each DVM they encounter.
Implementation Approach
While building DVMCP, I realized that the RPC reflection pattern used there could be beneficial for constructing DVMs in general. Since DVMs already follow an RPC style for their operation, and reflection is a natural extension of this approach, it could significantly enhance and clarify the DVM specification.
A reflection enhanced DVM protocol could work as follows: 1. Discovery: Clients discover DVMs through existing NIP-89 application handlers, input schemas could also be advertised in nip-89 announcements, making the second step unnecessary. 2. Schema Request: Clients request the DVM's input schema for the specific job type they're interested in 3. Validation: Clients validate their request against the provided schema before submission 4. Operation: The job proceeds through the standard NIP-90 flow, but with clearer expectations on both sides
Parallels with Other Protocols
This approach has proven successful in other contexts. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) implements a similar lifecycle with capability negotiation during initialization, allowing any client to communicate with any server as long as they adhere to the base protocol. MCP and DVM protocols share fundamental similarities, both aim to expose and consume computational resources through a JSON-RPC-like interface, albeit with specific differences.
gRPC's reflection service similarly allows clients to discover service definitions at runtime, enabling generic tools to work with any gRPC service without prior knowledge. In the REST API world, OpenAPI/Swagger specifications document interfaces in a way that makes them discoverable and testable.
DVMs would benefit from adopting these patterns while maintaining the decentralized, permissionless nature of Nostr.
Conclusion
I am not attempting to rewrite the DVM specification; rather, explore some ideas that could help the ecosystem improve incrementally, reducing fragmentation and making the ecosystem more comprehensible. By allowing DVMs to self describe their interfaces, we could maintain the flexibility that makes Nostr powerful while providing the structure needed for interoperability.
For developers building DVM clients or libraries, this approach would simplify consumption by providing clear expectations about inputs and outputs. For DVM operators, it would establish a standard way to communicate their service's requirements without relying on external documentation.
I am currently developing DVMCP following these patterns. Of course, DVMs and MCP servers have different details; MCP includes capabilities such as tools, resources, and prompts on the server side, as well as 'roots' and 'sampling' on the client side, creating a bidirectional way to consume capabilities. In contrast, DVMs typically function similarly to MCP tools, where you call a DVM with an input and receive an output, with each job type representing a different categorization of the work performed.
Without further ado, I hope this article has provided some insight into the potential benefits of applying the reflection pattern to the DVM specification.
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@ f32184ee:6d1c17bf
2025-04-23 13:21:52
Ads Fueling Freedom
Ross Ulbricht’s "Decentralize Social Media" painted a picture of a user-centric, decentralized future that transcended the limitations of platforms like the tech giants of today. Though focused on social media, his concept provided a blueprint for decentralized content systems writ large. The PROMO Protocol, designed by NextBlock while participating in Sovereign Engineering, embodies this blueprint in the realm of advertising, leveraging Nostr and Bitcoin’s Lightning Network to give individuals control, foster a multi-provider ecosystem, and ensure secure value exchange. In this way, Ulbricht’s 2021 vision can be seen as a prescient prediction of the PROMO Protocol’s structure. This is a testament to the enduring power of his ideas, now finding form in NextBlock’s innovative approach.
[Current Platform-Centric Paradigm, source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]Ulbricht’s Vision: A Decentralized Social Protocol
In his 2021 Medium article Ulbricht proposed a revolutionary vision for a decentralized social protocol (DSP) to address the inherent flaws of centralized social media platforms, such as privacy violations and inconsistent content moderation. Writing from prison, Ulbricht argued that decentralization could empower users by giving them control over their own content and the value they create, while replacing single, monolithic platforms with a competitive ecosystem of interface providers, content servers, and advertisers. Though his focus was on social media, Ulbricht’s ideas laid a conceptual foundation that strikingly predicts the structure of NextBlock’s PROMO Protocol, a decentralized advertising system built on the Nostr protocol.
[A Decentralized Social Protocol (DSP), source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]Ulbricht’s Principles
Ulbricht’s article outlines several key principles for his DSP: * User Control: Users should own their content and dictate how their data and creations generate value, rather than being subject to the whims of centralized corporations. * Decentralized Infrastructure: Instead of a single platform, multiple interface providers, content hosts, and advertisers interoperate, fostering competition and resilience. * Privacy and Autonomy: Decentralized solutions for profile management, hosting, and interactions would protect user privacy and reduce reliance on unaccountable intermediaries. * Value Creation: Users, not platforms, should capture the economic benefits of their contributions, supported by decentralized mechanisms for transactions.
These ideas were forward-thinking in 2021, envisioning a shift away from the centralized giants dominating social media at the time. While Ulbricht didn’t specifically address advertising protocols, his framework for decentralization and user empowerment extends naturally to other domains, like NextBlock’s open-source offering: the PROMO Protocol.
NextBlock’s Implementation of PROMO Protocol
The PROMO Protocol powers NextBlock's Billboard app, a decentralized advertising protocol built on Nostr, a simple, open protocol for decentralized communication. The PROMO Protocol reimagines advertising by: * Empowering People: Individuals set their own ad prices (e.g., 500 sats/minute), giving them direct control over how their attention or space is monetized. * Marketplace Dynamics: Advertisers set budgets and maximum bids, competing within a decentralized system where a 20% service fee ensures operational sustainability. * Open-Source Flexibility: As an open-source protocol, it allows multiple developers to create interfaces or apps on top of it, avoiding the single-platform bottleneck Ulbricht critiqued. * Secure Payments: Using Strike Integration with Bitcoin Lightning Network, NextBlock enables bot-resistant and intermediary-free transactions, aligning value transfer with each person's control.
This structure decentralizes advertising in a way that mirrors Ulbricht’s broader vision for social systems, with aligned principles showing a specific use case: monetizing attention on Nostr.
Aligned Principles
Ulbricht’s 2021 article didn’t explicitly predict the PROMO Protocol, but its foundational concepts align remarkably well with NextBlock's implementation the protocol’s design: * Autonomy Over Value: Ulbricht argued that users should control their content and its economic benefits. In the PROMO Protocol, people dictate ad pricing, directly capturing the value of their participation. Whether it’s their time, influence, or digital space, rather than ceding it to a centralized ad network. * Ecosystem of Providers: Ulbricht envisioned multiple providers replacing a single platform. The PROMO Protocol’s open-source nature invites a similar diversity: anyone can build interfaces or tools on top of it, creating a competitive, decentralized advertising ecosystem rather than a walled garden. * Decentralized Transactions: Ulbricht’s DSP implied decentralized mechanisms for value exchange. NextBlock delivers this through the Bitcoin Lightning Network, ensuring that payments for ads are secure, instantaneous and final, a practical realization of Ulbricht’s call for user-controlled value flows. * Privacy and Control: While Ulbricht emphasized privacy in social interactions, the PROMO Protocol is public by default. Individuals are fully aware of all data that they generate since all Nostr messages are signed. All participants interact directly via Nostr.
[Blueprint Match, source NextBlock]
Who We Are
NextBlock is a US-based new media company reimagining digital ads for a decentralized future. Our founders, software and strategy experts, were hobbyist podcasters struggling to promote their work online without gaming the system. That sparked an idea: using new tech like Nostr and Bitcoin to build a decentralized attention market for people who value control and businesses seeking real connections.
Our first product, Billboard, is launching this June.
Open for All
Our model’s open-source! Check out the PROMO Protocol, built for promotion and attention trading. Anyone can join this decentralized ad network. Run your own billboard or use ours. This is a growing ecosystem for a new ad economy.
Our Vision
NextBlock wants to help build a new decentralized internet. Our revolutionary and transparent business model will bring honest revenue to companies hosting valuable digital spaces. Together, we will discover what our attention is really worth.
Read our Manifesto to learn more.
NextBlock is registered in Texas, USA.
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@ 7ef5f1b1:0e0fcd27
2025-04-22 17:26:44
A monthly newsletter by The 256 Foundation
April 2025
Introduction:
Welcome to the fourth newsletter produced by The 256 Foundation! March was an action-packed month with events ranging from the announcement of TSMC investing in US fabs to four solo block finds. Dive in to catch up on the latest news, mining industry developments, progress updates on grant projects, Actionable Advice on updating a Futurebit Apollo I to the latest firmware, and the current state of the Bitcoin network.
[IMG-001] Variation of the “I’m the captain now” meme by @maxisclub
Definitions:
MA = Moving Average
Eh/s = Exahash per second
Ph/s = Petahash per second
Th/s = Terahash per second
T = Trillion
J/Th = Joules per Terahash
$ = US Dollar
OS = Operating System
SSD = Solid State Drive
TB = Terabyte
News:
March 3, Ashigaru releases v1.1.1. Notable because this fork of Samourai Wallet serves as the remaining choice of mobile Bitcoin wallet capable of making peer to peer collaborative transactions. Not the Whirlpool transactions that Samourai Wallet was well-known for but the Stowaway and StonewallX2 p2p CoinJoin transactions. The persistence of Samourai’s tools still working despite the full force of the State coming down on the developers is a testament to the power of open-source code.
March 3, Stronghold completes cleanup of decommissioned coal plant using Bitcoin miners. Stronghold’s initiative counters the narrative that Bitcoin mining is wasteful by removing 150,000 tons of coal waste, part of a broader effort that cleared 240,000 tons in Q2 2024 alone. Waste coal piles in Pennsylvania, like the one in Russellton, have scarred landscapes, making this reclamation a significant step for local ecosystems. The project aligns with growing efforts in the region, as The Nature Conservancy also leads restoration projects in Pennsylvania to revive forests and waters. Stronghold’s dual-use model—powering Bitcoin miners and supplying the grid—shows how Bitcoin mining can support environmental goals while remaining economically viable.
March 3, five TSMC semiconductor fabs coming to Arizona. TSMC’s $100 billion investment in Arizona reflects a strategic push to bolster U.S. semiconductor production amid global supply chain vulnerabilities and geopolitical tensions, particularly with West Taiwan’s claims over Taiwan. TSMC’s existing $65 billion investment in Phoenix, now totaling $165 billion, aims to create 40,000 construction jobs and tens of thousands of high-tech roles over the next decade. This could relieve bottlenecks in ASIC chip supply if Bitcoin mining chip designers can get access to the limited foundry space. If that is the case, this could help alleviate some centralization concerns as it relates to a majority of Bitcoin mining chips coming from Taiwan and West Taiwan.
March 10, Block #887212 solved by a Bitaxe Ultra with ~491Gh/s. Not only did the Bitaxe satisfy the network difficulty, which was 112.15T, but obliterated it with a whopping 719.9T difficulty. This Block marked the second one solved by a Bitaxe and an increasing number of solo block finds overall as more individuals choose to play the Bitcoin lottery with their hashrate.
March 12, Pirate Bay co-founder, Carl Lundström, killed in plane crash. The Pirate Bay, launched in 2003, revolutionized online file-sharing by popularizing BitTorrent technology, enabling millions to access music, movies, and software, often in defiance of legal systems, which led to Lundström’s 2009 conviction for copyright infringement. The timing of his death coincides with ongoing global debates over digital ownership and intellectual property, often echoing many of the same themes in open-source technology, underscoring the enduring impact of The Pirate Bay’s challenge to traditional media distribution models.
March 18, Samourai Wallet status conference update. This was a short meeting in which the dates for the remaining pre-trial hearings was discussed.
- May 9, Opening Motion. - June 6, prosecution response to the opening motion. - June 20, defense replies to the prosecution response. - July 15, prosecution provides expert disclosure - August 8, defense provides expert disclosure - Tdev is able to remain home during the remaining pre-trial hearings so that he doesn’t have to incur the expenses traveling back and forth between Europe and the USDespite seemingly positive shifts in crypto-related policies from the Trump administration, all signs point to the prosecution still moving full steam ahead in this case. The defense teams need to be prepared and they could use all the financial help they can get. If you feel compelled to support the legal defense fund, please do so here. If the DOJ wins this case, all Bitcoiners lose.
March 18, DEMAND POOL launches, transitioning out of stealth mode and making room for applicants to join the private waiting list to be one of the Founding Miners.
Key features of DEMAND Pool include: • Build your own blocks • SLICE payment system & new mempool algorithm • No more empty blocks • End-to-end encryption for protection • Efficient data transfer, less wasted hashrate • Lower costs on CPU, bandwidth, & time
DEMAND Pool implements Stratum v2 so that miners can generate their own block templates, entering the arena of pools trying to decentralize mining such as OCEAN with their alternative to Stratum v2 called DATUM. A benefit of the Stratum v2 protocol over Stratum v1 is that data sent between the miner and the pool is now encrypted whereas before it was sent in clear-text, the encryption helps with network level privacy so that for example, your Internet Service Provider cannot read what is in the data being passed back and forth. Although, unless there is a proxy between your miner and the pool then the ISP may be able to determine that you are sending data to a mining pool, they just wouldn’t be able to tell what’s in that data. Overall, decentralization has become a buzz word lately and while it is a step in the right direction that more pools are enabling miners to decide which transactions are included in the block templates they work on, the pools remain a centralized force that ultimately can reject templates based on a number of reasons.
March 20, Bitaxe makes the cover of Bitcoin Magazine’s The Mining Issue, solidifying the Bitaxe as a pop-culture icon. Even those who disregard the significance of the Bitaxe project must recognize that the project’s popularity is an indication that something big is developing here.
[IMG-002] Bitcoin Magazine, The Mining IssueMarch 21, self-hosted solo miner solves block #888737 with a Futurebit Apollo, making this the third solo block find for Futurebit. The first Futurebit Apollo block find may have been a fluke, the second a coincidence, but the third is an indication of a pattern forming here. More hashrate is being controlled by individuals who are constructing their own blocks and this trend will accelerate as time goes on and deploying these devices becomes easier and less expensive. This was the second solo block found in March.
March 21, US Treasury Department lifts sanctions on Tornado Cash. This is a positive sign coming from the US Treasury, however the charges against the Tornado Cash developer, Roman Storm, still stand and his legal defense team is still fighting an uphill battle. Even though the US Treasury removed Tornado Cash from the OFAC list, the department is attempting to stop a Texas court from granting a motion that would ensure the Treasury can’t put Tornado Cash back on the OFAC list. Meanwhile, the other Tornado Cash developer, Alex Pertsev, is fighting his appeal battle in the Dutch courts.
March 22, Self-hosted Public Pool user mines Block #888989. This was the first block mined with the Public Pool software, which is open-source and available for anyone to host themselves, in this case hosted on the user’s Umbrel. If you read the January issue of The 256 Foundation newsletter, there are detailed instructions for hosting your own instance of Public Pool on a Raspberry Pi. Easier solutions exist and accomplish the same thing such as Umbrel and Start9. This was the third solo block mined in March.
March 26, DeFi Education Fund publishes coalition letter urging congress to correct the DOJ’s dangerous misinterpretation of money transmission laws. In their own words: “First seen in Aug 2023 via the criminal indictment of @rstormsf, the DOJ’s novel legal theory expands criminal liability to software developers, ignoring longstanding FinCEN guidance and threatening the entire U.S. blockchain & digital asset ecosystem”. Many familiar organizations in the industry signed the letter, such as Coinbase, Kraken, A16z Crypto, and Ledger. Sadly, no Bitcoin companies signed the letter, highlighting the reckless ignorance prevalent among the “toxic Bitcoin maximalists” who often pride themselves on their narrow focus; a focus which is proving to be more of a blind spot limiting their ability to recognize a clear and present threat. The full letter text can be found here.
March 28, Heatbit reveals the black Heatbit, an elegant space heater that mines Bitcoin. Heat re-use applications such as Bitcoin mining space heaters are one of many examples where energy spent on generating heat can also earn the user sats. Other popular solutions include heating hot tubs, hotels, drive ways, and more. The innovations in this area will continue to be unlocked as open-source solutions like the ones being developed at The 256 Foundation are released and innovators gain more control over their applications.
March 29, miner with 2.5Ph/s solves Block #889975 with Solo CK Pool, marking the fourth solo block found in the month of March. This was the first solo block found on CK Pool’s European server. This was a good way to finish the month on a strong note for small-scale miners.
Free & Open Mining Industry Developments:
The development will not stop until Bitcoin mining is free and open. Innovators didn’t let off the gas in March, here are eleven note-worthy events:
0) @BTC_Grid demonstrates heating a new residential build with Bitcoin miners. This custom build features 6,000 square feet of radiant floors, 1,500 sqft of snow melting slab, 2 heated pools, all powered by Bitcoin miners and fully automated. Innovations and efficient systems like this will become more common as Bitcoin mining hardware and firmware solutions become open-source
1) @DrydeGab shares The Ocho, a Bitaxe Nerd Octaxe open-source Bitcoin miner featuring 8x BM1370 ASICs that performs at 9-10Th/s consuming ~180W. The Ocho runs on it’s own custom AxeOS. Currently out of stock but generally available for purchase in the IX Tech store.
[IMG-003] The Nerd OCTAXE Ocho by @DrydeGab2) @incognitojohn23 demonstrates building a Bitaxe from scratch with no prior experience, proving that anyone can access this technology with a little determination and the right community. @incognitojohn23 has also uploaded several videos documenting his progress and lessons along the way. Every builder has their first day, don’t hold back if you feel compelled to jump in and get started.
3) @HodlRev demonstrating how he combines Bitcoin mining with maple syrup production. In fact, @HodlRev has integrated Bitcoin mining into several aspects of his homestead. Be sure to follow his content for an endless stream of resourceful ideas. Once open-source Bitcoin mining firmware and hardware solutions become widely available, innovators like @HodlRev will have more control over every parameter of these unique applications.
4) ATL Bitlab announces their first hackathon, running June 7 through July 6. Promoted as “A global hackathon focused on all things bitcoin mining”. If you are interested in joining the hackathon, there is a Google form you can fill out here. It will be interesting to see what innovations come from this effort.
5) @100AcresRanch builds touchscreen dashboard for Bitaxe and Loki Boards. With this, you can control up to 10 mining devices with the ability to instantly switch any of the presets without going into the mining device UI.
[IMG-004] Decentral Command Dashboard by @100AcresRanch6) @IxTechCrypto reveals HAXE, the newest member of the Nerdaxe miner family. HAXE is a 6 ASIC miner performing at ~7.4 Th/s at ~118W. Upon looking at the IX Tech store, it seems as though the HAXE has not hit shelves yet but keep an eye out for announcements soon.
7) Solo Satoshi reveals the NerdQaxe++, the latest marvel in the world of open-source Bitcoin mining solutions. This device is equipped with four ASIC chips from the Antminer S21 Pro and boasts an efficiency rating of 15.8 J/Th. At the advertised power consumption of 76 Watts, that would produce nearly 5 Th/s. Currently out of stock at the Solo Satoshi store and the IX Tech store but in stock and available at the PlebSource store.
8) @TheSoloMiningCo shares a bolt-on voltage regulator heatsink for the Bitaxe, this is a helpful modification when overclocking your miner and helps dissipate heat away from the voltage regulator. Many innovators are discovering ways to get every bit of efficiency they can from their hardware and sharing their ideas with the wider community for anyone to adopt.
9) @boerst adds historical data to stratum.work, a public website that monitors mining pool activity through calling for the work templates being generated for the pool’s respective miners. By parsing the information available in the work templates, a number of interesting observations can be made like which pools are merely proxies for larger pools, timing analysis of when templates are sent out, and now historical data on what the state of each pool’s templates were at a given block height. The work Boerst is doing with this website provides a great tool for gaining insights into mining centralization.
10) Braiins open-sources the BCB100 Control Board, designed to work with Antminers, this control board project has two parts: the hardware and the software. For the hardware part, open files include the Bill Of Materials, schematics, Gerbers, and CAD files. For the software part, open files include the board-level OpenWrt-based firmware with the full configuration file and the Nix environment for reproducible builds. The mining firmware binaries for bosminer and boser (same as the official Braiins OS releases) are also available to download and use to compile the image for the control board, however the Braiins OS firmware itself is not included in this open-source bundle. Braiins chose the GPLv3 open-source license for the software and the CERN-OHL-S open-source license for the hardware. This is a great gesture by Braiins and helps validate the efforts of The 256 Foundation to make Bitcoin mining free and open. The Braiins GitHub repositories where all this information can be found are accessible here and here. The 256 Foundation has plans to develop a Mujina firmware that can be flashed onto the BCB100 helping target Antminer machines.
Grant Project Updates:
In March, The 256 Foundation formalized agreements with the lead developers who were selected for each project. These agreements clearly defined the scope of each project, identified the deliverables, set a timeline, and agreement on compensation was made. Below are the outlines for each project, the compensation is not made public for privacy and security reasons.
Ember One:
@skot9000 instigator of the Bitaxe and all around legend for being the first mover in open-source Bitcoin mining solutions is the lead engineer for the Ember One project. This was the first fully funded grant from The 256 Foundation and commenced in November 2024 with a six month duration. The deliverable is a validated design for a ~100W miner with a standardized form factor (128mm x 128mm), USB-C data connection, 12-24v input voltage, with plans for several versions – each with a different ASIC chip. The First Ember One features the Bitmain BM1362 ASIC, next on the list will be an Ember One with the Intel BZM2 ASIC, then an Auradine ASIC version, and eventually a Block ASIC version. Learn more at: https://emberone.org/
Mujina Mining Firmware:
@ryankuester, embedded Linux developer and Electrical Engineer who has mastered the intersection of hardware and software over the last 20 years is the lead developer for the Mujina project, a Linux based mining firmware application with support for multiple drivers so it can be used with Ember One complete mining system. The grant starts on April 5, 2025 and continues for nine months. Deliverables include:
Core Mujina-miner Application: - Fully open-source under GPLv3 license - Written in Rust for performance, robustness, and maintainability, leveraging Rust's growing adoption in the Bitcoin ecosystem - Designed for modularity and extensibility - Stratum V1 client (which includes DATUM compatibility) - Best effort for Stratum V2 client in the initial release but may not happen until later
Hardware Support:
- Support for Ember One 00 hash boards (Bitmain chips) - Support for Ember One 01 hash boards (Intel chips) on a best effort basis but may not happen until later - Full support on the Raspberry Pi CM5 and IO board running the Raspberry Pi OS - Support for the Libre board when released - Best-effort compatibility with other hardware running LinuxManagement Interfaces:
• HTTP API for remote management and monitoring • Command-line interface for direct control • Basic web dashboard for status monitoring • Configuration via structured text files • Community Building and Infrastructure • GitHub project organization and workflow • Continuous integration and testing framework • Comprehensive user and developer documentation • Communication channels for users and developers • Community building through writing, podcasts, and conference participationThe initial release of Mujina is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like ultimately evolving into a complete Linux-based operating system, deployable through simple flashing procedures. Initially focused on supporting the 256 Foundation's Libre control boards and Ember hash boards, Mujina's modular architecture will eventually enable compatibility with a wide variety of mining hardware from different manufacturers. Lean more at: https://mujina.org/
Libre Board:
@Schnitzel, heat re-use maximalist who turned his home's hot water accessories into Bitcoin-powered sats generators and during the day has built a successful business with a background in product management, is the lead engineer on the Libre Board project; the control board for the Ember One complete mining system. Start date is April 5, 2025 and the deliverables after six months will be a mining control board based on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module I/O Board with at least the following connections:
• USB hub integration (maybe 10 ports?) • Support for fan connections • NVME expansion • Two 100-pin connectors for the compute module • Ethernet port • HDMI port • Raspberrypi 40-pin header for sensors, switches, & relays etc. • MIPI port for touchscreen • Accepts 12-24 VDC input power voltage.The initial release of Libre Board is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like alternative compute modules such as ARM, x86, and RISC-V. Learn more at: https://libreboard.org/
Hydra Pool:
@jungly, distributed systems PhD and the lead developer behind P2Pool v2 and formerly for Braidpool, now takes the reigns as lead developer for Hydra Pool, the stratum server package that will run on the Ember One mining system. Start date for this project was on April 5, 2025 and the duration lasts for six months. Deliverables include:
• Talks to bitcoind and provides stratum work to users and stores received shares • Scalable and robust database support to save received shares • Run share accounting on the stored shares • Implement payment mechanisms to pay out miners based on the share accounting • Provide two operation modes: Solo mining and PPLNS or Tides based payout mechanism, with payouts from coinbase only. (All other payout mechanism are out of scope of this initial release for now but there will be more). • Rolling upgrades: Tools and scripts to upgrade server with zero downtime. • Dashboard: Pool stats view only dashboard with support to filter miner payout addresses. • Documentation: Setup and other help pages, as required.The initial release of Hydra Pool is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like alternative payout models such as echash, communicating with other Hydra Pool instances, local store of shares for Ember One, and a user-friendly interface that puts controls at the user's fingertips, and supports the ability for upstream pool proxying. Learn More at: https://hydrapool.org/
Block Watcher:
Initially scoped to be a Bitcoin mining insights application built to run on the Ember One mining system using the self-hosted node for blockchain data. However, The 256 Foundation has decided to pause Block Watcher development for a number of reasons. Primarily because the other four projects were more central to the foundation’s mission and given the early stages of the Foundation with the current support level, it made more sense to deploy capital where it counts most.
Actionable Advice:
This month’s Actionable Advice column explains the process for upgrading the Futurebit Apollo I OS to the newer Apollo II OS and replacing the SSD. The Futurebit Apollo is a small mining device with an integrated Bitcoin node designed as a plug-and-play solution for people interested in mining Bitcoin without all the noise and heat of the larger industrial-grade miners. The Apollo I can hash between 2 – 4 Th/s and will consume roughly 125 – 200 Watts. The Apollo II can hash between 8 – 10 Th/s and will consume roughly 280 – 400 Watts. The motivation behind upgrading from the Apollo I OS to the Apollo II OS is the ability to run a stratum server internally so that the mining part of the device can ask the node part of the device for mining work, thus enabling users to solo mine in a self-hosted fashion. In fact, this is exactly what The 256 Foundation did during the Telehash fundraising event where Block #881423 was solo mined, at one point there was more than 1 Eh/s of hashrate pointed to that Apollo.
[IMG-005] Futurebit Apollo I with new NVME SSDYou can find the complete flashing instructions on the Futurebit website here. You will need a separate computer to complete the flashing procedure. The flashing procedure will erase all data on the microSD card so back it up if you have anything valuable saved on there.
First navigate to the Futurebit GitHub Releases page at: https://github.com/jstefanop/apolloapi-v2/releases
Once there, you will see two OS images available for download, along with two links to alternative hosting options for those two images. If you are upgrading an Apollo I, you need to figure out which new OS image is right for your device, the MCU 1 image or the MCU 2 image. There are detailed instructions on figuring this out available here. There are multiple ways to determine if you need the MCU 1 or MCU 2 image. If the second to last digit in your Futurebit Apollo I is between 4 – 8 then you have an MCU 1; or if your batch number is 1 – 3 then you have an MCU 1; or if the circuit board has a 40-pin connector running perpendicular to the microSD card slot then you have an MCU 1. Otherwise, you have an MCU 2.
For example, this is what the MCU 1 circuit board will look like:
[IMG-006] Futurebit MCU1 exampleOnce you figure out which OS image you need, go ahead and download it. The SHA256 hash values for the OS Image files are presented in the GitHub repo. If you’re running Linux on your computer, you can change directory to your Download folder and run the following command to check the SHA256 hash value of the file you downloaded and compare that to the SHA256 hash values on GitHub.
[IMG-007] Verifying Futurebit OS Image Hash ValueWith the hash value confirmed, you can use a program like Balena Etcher to flash your microSD card. First remove the microSD card from the Apollo circuit board by pushing it inward, it should make a small click and then spring outward so that you can grab it and remove it from the slot.
Connect the microSD card to your computer with the appropriate adapter.
Open Balena Etcher and click on the “Flash From File” button to define the file path to where you have the OS image saved:
[IMG-008] Balena Etcher user interfaceThen click on the “Select Target” button to define the drive which you will be flashing. Select the microSD card and be sure not to select any other drive on your computer by mistake:
[IMG-009] Balena Etcher user interfaceThen click on the “Flash” button and Balena Etcher will take care of formatting the microSD card, decompressing the OS image file, and flashing it to the microSD card.
[IMG-010] Balena Etcher user interface.The flashing process can take some time so be patient. The Balena Etcher interface will allow you to monitor the progress.
[IMG-011] Balena Etcher user interface.Once the flashing process is completed successfully, you will receive a notice in the balena Etcher interface that looks like this:
[IMG-012] Balena Etcher user interface.You can remove the microSD card from your computer now and install it back into the Futurebit Apollo. If you have an adequately sized SSD then your block chain data should be safe as that is where it resides, not on the microSD card. If you have a 1TB SSD then this would be a good time to consider upgrading to a 2TB SSD instead. There are lots of options but you want to get an NVME style one like this:
[IMG-013] 1TB vs. 2TB NVME SSDSimply loosen the screw holding the SSD in place and then remove the old SSD by pulling it out of the socket. Then insert the new one and put the screw back in place.
Once the SSD and microSD are back in place, you can connect Ethernet and the power supply, then apply power to your Apollo.
You will be able to access your Apollo through a web browser on your computer. You will need to figure out the local IP address of your Apollo device so log into your router and check the DHCP leases section. Your router should be accessible from your local network by typing an IP address into your web browser like 192.168.0.1 or 10.0.0.1 or maybe your router manufacturer uses a different default. You should be able to do an internet search for your specific router and figure it out quickly if you don’t already know. If that fails, you can download and run a program like Angry IP Scanner.
Give the Apollo some time to run through a few preliminary and automatic configurations, you should be able to see the Apollo on your local network within 10 minutes of powering it on.
Once you figure out the IP address for your Apollo, type it into your web browser and this is the first screen you should be greeted with:
[IMG-014] Futurebit welcome screenClick on the button that says “Start setup process”. The next you will see should look like this:
[IMG-015] Futurebit mining selection screenYou have the option here to select solo mining or pooled mining. If you have installed a new SSD card then you should select pooled mining because you will not be able to solo mine until the entire Bitcoin blockchain is downloaded.
Your Apollo will automatically start downloading the Bitcoin blockchain in the background and in the mean-time you can start mining with a pool of your choice like Solo CK Pool or Public Pool or others.
Be forewarned that the Initial Blockchain Download (“IBD”) takes a long time. At the time of this writing, it took 18 days to download the entire blockchain using a Starlink internet connection, which was probably throttled at some points in the process because of the roughly 680 GB of data that it takes.
In February 2022, the IBD on this exact same device took 2 days with a cable internet connection. Maybe the Starlink was a bit of a bottleneck but most likely the extended length of the download can be attributed to all those JPEGS on the blockchain.
Otherwise, if you already have the full blockchain on your SSD then you should be able to start solo mining right away by selecting the solo mining option.
After making your selection, the Apollo will automatically run through some configurations and you should have the option to set a password somewhere in there along the way. Then you should see this page:
[IMG-016] Futurebit setup completion pageClick on the “Start mining” button. Then you should be brought to your dashboard like this:
[IMG-017] Futurebit dashboardYou can monitor your hashrate, temperatures, and more from the dashboard. You can check on the status of your Bitcoin node by clicking on the three-circle looking icon that says “node” on the left-hand side menu.
[IMG-018] Futurebit node pageIf you need to update the mining pool, click on the “settings” option at the bottom of the left-hand side menu. There you will see a drop down menu for selecting a pool to use, you can select the “setup custom pool” option to insert the appropriate stratum URL and then your worker name.
Once your IBD is finished, you can start solo mining by toggling on the solo mode at the bottom of the settings page. You will have a chance to update the Bitcoin address you want to mine to. Then click on “save & restart”.
[IMG-019] Futurebit mining pool settingsThen once your system comes back up, you will see a banner at the top of the dashboard page with the IP address you can use to point any other miners you have, like Bitaxes, to your own self-hosted solo mining pool!
[IMG-020] Futurebit solo mining dashboardNow just sit back and enjoy watching your best shares roll in until you get one higher than the network difficulty and you mine that solo block.
State of the Network:
Hashrate on the 14-day MA according to mempool.space increased from ~793 Eh/s to ~829 Eh/s in March, marking ~4.5% growth for the month.
[IMG-021] 2025 hashrate/difficulty chart from mempool.spaceDifficulty was 110.57T at it’s lowest in March and 113.76T at it’s highest, which is a 2.8% increase for the month. All together for 2025 up until the end of March, difficulty has gone up ~3.6%.
According to the Hashrate Index, more efficient miners like the <19 J/Th models are fetching $17.29 per terahash, models between 19J/Th – 25J/Th are selling for $11.05 per terahash, and models >25J/Th are selling for $3.20 per terahash. Overall, prices seem to have dropped slightly over the month of March. You can expect to pay roughly $4,000 for a new-gen miner with 230+ Th/s.
[IMG-022] Miner Prices from Luxor’s Hashrate IndexHashvalue is closed out in March at ~56,000 sats/Ph per day, relatively flat from Frebruary, according to Braiins Insights. Hashprice is $46.00/Ph per day, down from $47.00/Ph per day in February.
[IMG-023] Hashprice/Hashvalue from Braiins InsightsThe next halving will occur at block height 1,050,000 which should be in roughly 1,071 days or in other words ~156,850 blocks from time of publishing this newsletter.
Conclusion:
Thank you for reading the third 256 Foundation newsletter. Keep an eye out for more newsletters on a monthly basis in your email inbox by subscribing at 256foundation.org. Or you can download .pdf versions of the newsletters from there as well. You can also find these newsletters published in article form on Nostr.
If you haven’t done so already, be sure to RSVP for the Texas Energy & Mining Summit (“TEMS”) in Austin, Texas on May 6 & 7 for two days of the highest Bitcoin mining and energy signal in the industry, set in the intimate Bitcoin Commons, so you can meet and mingle with the best and brightest movers and shakers in the space.
While you’re at it, extend your stay and spend Cinco De Mayo with The 256 Foundation at our second fundraiser, Telehash #2. Everything is bigger in Texas, so set your expectations high for this one. All of the lead developers from the grant projects will be present to talk first-hand about how to dismantle the proprietary mining empire.
IMG-024] TEMS 2025 flyerIf you have an old Apollo I laying around and want to get it up to date and solo mining then hopefully this newsletter helped you accomplish that.
[IMG-026] FREE SAMOURAIIf you want to continue seeing developers build free and open solutions be sure to support the Samourai Wallet developers by making a tax-deductible contribution to their legal defense fund here. The first step in ensuring a future of free and open Bitcoin development starts with freeing these developers.
You can just FAFO,
-econoalchemist
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@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848
2025-04-25 07:10:07
This is a part of the Bitcoin Infinity Academy course on Knut Svanholm's book Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics. For more information, check out our Geyser page!
Scarcity
What makes a commodity scarce? What is scarcity in the first place? What other properties can be deducted from an object’s scarcity? How are scarcity, energy, time, and value connected? Scarcity might seem easy to describe on the surface, but in reality, it’s not. Not when you take infinity into account. Infinity is a concept that has puzzled the human mind for as long as it has been able to imagine it. If it ever has. It is a very abstract concept, and it’s always linked to time simply because even imagining an infinite number would take an infinite amount of time. If we truly live in an infinite universe, scarcity cannot exist. If something exists in an infinite universe, an infinite number of copies of this something must also exist since the probability of this being true would also be infinite in an infinite universe. Therefore, scarcity must always be defined within a set framework. No frame, no scarcity.
Think of it this way: the most expensive artwork ever sold at the time of writing was the Salvator Mundi, painted by Leonardo da Vinci. It’s not even a particularly beautiful painting, so why the high price? Because Da Vinci originals are scarce. A poster of the painting isn’t expensive at all, but the original will cost you at least 450 million US Dollars. All because we agree to frame its scarcity around the notion that it is a Da Vinci original, of which under twenty exist today. Historically, scarcity has always been framed around real-world limits to the supply of a good. Most of the great thinkers of the Austrian school of economics from the twentieth century believed that the value of a monetary good arises from its scarcity and that scarcity is always connected to the real-world availability of that good. Most of them believed that a gold standard would be the hardest form of money that we would ever see and the closest thing to an absolutely scarce resource as we would ever know.
In the late 90’s, the cryptographers that laid the groundwork for what would become Bitcoin reimagined scarcity as anything with an unforgeable costliness. This mindset is key to understanding the connection between scarcity and value. Anything can be viewed as scarce if it’s sufficiently hard to produce and hard to fake the production cost of — in other words, easy to verify the validity of. The zeros at the beginning of a hashed Bitcoin block are the Proof of Work that proves that the created coins in that block were costly to produce. People who promote the idea that the mining algorithm used to produce Bitcoin could be more environmentally friendly or streamlined are either deliberately lying or missing the point. The energy expenditure is the very thing that gives the token its value because it provides proof to the network that enough computing power was sacrificed in order to keep the network sufficiently decentralized and thus resistant to change. "Easy to verify" is the flipside of the "unforgeable costliness" coin. The validity of a Bitcoin block is very easy to verify since all you need to do is look at its hash, make sure the block is part of the strongest chain, and that it conforms to all consensus rules. In order to check whether a gold bar is real or not, you probably need to trust a third party. Fiat money often comes with a plethora of water stamps, holograms, and metal stripes, so in a sense, they’re hard to forge. What you cannot know about a fiat currency at any given moment, though, is how much of it is in circulation. What you do know about fiat currencies is that they’re not scarce.
Bitcoin provides us with absolute scarcity for the first time in human history. It is a remarkable breakthrough. Even though you can’t make jewelry or anything else out of Bitcoin, its total supply is fixed. After the year 2140, after the last Bitcoin has been mined, the total amount of Bitcoin in circulation can only go down. This limited supply is what the gold standards of the past were there for in the first place. Bitcoin’s supply is much more limited than that of gold, however, since they will be lost as time goes by. Since the supply is so limited, it doesn’t matter what the current demand is. The potential upside to its value is literally limitless due to this relationship between supply and demand. The “backing” that other currencies have is only there to assume people that the currency will keep its value over time, and the only way of ensuring this is to limit the supply. Bitcoin does this better than any other thing before it. Leonardo da Vinci’s original paintings are extremely valuable because of Leonardo’s brand name and the fact that there are only about 13 of them left. One day there’ll be less than one left. The same is true for Bitcoin.
Scarcity on the Internet was long believed to be an impossible invention, and it took a multi-talented genius such as Satoshi Nakamoto to figure out all the different parts that make Bitcoin so much more than the sum of them. His disappearance from the project was one such part, maybe the most important one. The thing about computerized scarcity is that it was a one-time invention. Once it was invented, the invention could not be recreated. That’s just the nature of data. Computers are designed to be able to replicate any data set any number of times. This is true for every piece of code there is, and digital scarcity needed to be framed somehow to work. Bitcoin’s consensus rules provided such a frame. Bitcoin certainly seems to provide true digital scarcity, and if the game theoretical theories that it builds on are correct, its promise of an ever-increasing value will be a self-fulfilling prophecy.
In 2018, the inflation rate of the Venezuelan Bolivar was a staggering 80,000%. Hugo Chavez and his successor, Nicolas Maduro, effectively killed the Venezuelan economy with socialism. It has happened before — and sadly, it is likely to happen again. The main problem with socialism is not that people aren’t incentivized to work in socialist countries. On the contrary, hungry people under the threat of violence tend to work harder than most. The problem with state-owned production is that there is no free market price mechanism to reflect the true demand for goods and, therefore, no way of knowing how much supply the state should produce. Everything is in constant surplus or shortage — often the latter, as the empty supermarket shelves in Venezuela depressingly attest. Chavez and Maduro attempted to rescue the country’s economy by printing more money — which simply does not work. Their true motives for printing money are, of course, questionable given that it depreciated the value of Bolivar bills to less than that of toilet paper. As mentioned in earlier chapters, inflation is the greatest hidden threat to themselves that humans have ever created.
A few hundred years ago, the Catholic Church held the lion’s share of political power throughout Europe. Today, power primarily resides with nation-states in collusion with multinational corporations. The separation of church and state triggered the migration of power from the former to the latter, emancipating many citizens in the process. Still, places like Venezuela are sad proof that “the people” are still not in power in many self-proclaimed democracies — if in any, for that matter. Another separation will have to take place first: The separation of money and state. We, the people of Planet Earth, now have the means at our disposal for this separation to take place. Whether we use them or not will determine how emancipated and independent our children can and will be in the future.
About the Bitcoin Infinity Academy
The Bitcoin Infinity Academy is an educational project built around Knut Svanholm’s books about Bitcoin and Austrian Economics. Each week, a whole chapter from one of the books is released for free on Highlighter, accompanied by a video in which Knut and Luke de Wolf discuss that chapter’s ideas. You can join the discussions by signing up for one of the courses on our Geyser page. Signed books, monthly calls, and lots of other benefits are also available.
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@ 9bde4214:06ca052b
2025-04-22 17:09:47
“It isn’t obvious that the world had to work this way. But somehow the universe smiles on encryption.”
hzrd149 & Gigi take a stroll along the shore of cryptographic identities.
This dialogue explores how cryptographic signatures fundamentally shift power dynamics in social networks, moving control from servers to key holders. We discuss the concept of "setting data free" through cryptographic verification, the evolving role of relays in the ecosystem, and the challenges of building trust in decentralized systems. We examine the tension between convenience and decentralization, particularly around features like private data and data synchronization. What are the philosophical foundations of building truly decentralized social networks? And how can small architectural decisions have profound implications for user autonomy and data sovereignty?
Movies mentioned:
- 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
- Soylent Green (1973)
- Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
- Johnny Mnemonic (1995)
- The Matrix (1999)
In this dialogue: - Hzrd's past conversations: Bowls With Buds 316 & 361 - Running into a water hose - Little difference, big effect - Signing data moves the power to the key holders - Self-signing data sets the data free - Relay specialization - Victor's Amethyst relay guide - Encryption and decryption is expensive - is it worth it? - The magic of nostr is that stuff follows you around - What should be shown? What should be hidden? - Don't lie to users. Never show outdated data. - Nostr is raw and immediate - How quickly you get used to things working - Legacy web always tries to sell you something - Lying, lag, frustration - How NoStrudel grew - NoStrudel notifications - Data visualization and dashboards - Building in public and discussing in public - Should we remove DMs? - Nostr as a substrate for lookups - Using nostr to exchange Signal or SimpleX credentials - How private is a group chat? - Is a 500-people group chat ever private? - Pragmatism vs the engineering mindset - The beauty and simplicity of nostr - Anti-patterns in nostr - Community servers and private relays - Will vibe coding fix (some of the) things? - Small specialized components VS frameworks - Technology vs chairs (and cars, and tractors, and books) - The problem of being greedy - Competitive silos VS synergistic cooperation - Making things easy vs barriers of entry - Value4value for music and other artists - Adding code vs removing code - Pablo's Roo setup and DVMCP - Platform permission slips vs cryptographic identities - Micropayments vs Subscription Hell - PayPerQ - Setting our user-generated data free - The GNU/Linux approach and how it beat Microsoft - Agents learning automatically thanks to snippets published on nostr - Taxi drivers, GPS, and outsourcing understanding - Wizards VS vibe coders - Age differences, Siri, and Dragon Naturally Speaking - LLMs as a human interface to call tools - Natural language vs math and computer language - Natural language has to be fuzzy, because the world is fuzzy - Language and concepts as compression - Hzrd watching The Matrix (1999) for the first time - Soylent Green, 2001, Close Encounters of the 3rd Kind, Johnny Mnemonic - Are there coincidences? - Why are LLMs rising at the same time that cryptography identities are rising? - "The universe smiles at encryption" - The universe does not smile upon closed silos - The cost of applying force from the outside - Perfect copies, locality, and the concept of "the original" - Perfect memory would be a curse, not a blessing - Organic forgetting VS centralized forgetting - Forgetting and dying needs to be effortless - (it wasn't for IPFS, and they also launched a shitcoin) - Bitcoin makes is cheap to figure out what to dismiss - Would you like to have a 2nd brain? - Trust and running LLMs locally - No need for API keys - Adjacent communities: local-first, makers and hackers, etc. - Removing the character limit was a mistake - Browsing mode vs reading mode - The genius of tweets and threads - Vibe-coding and rust-multiplatform - Global solutions vs local solutions - The long-term survivability of local-first - All servers will eventually go away. Your private key won't. - It's normal to pay your breakfast with sats now - Nostr is also a normal thing now, at least for us - Hzrd's bakery - "Send Gigi a DM that says GM" - and it just works - The user is still in control, thanks to Amber - We are lacking in nostr signing solutions - Alby's permission system as a step in the right direction - We have to get better at explaining that stuff - What we do, why we care, why we think it's important
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@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848
2025-04-25 07:10:01
This is a part of the Bitcoin Infinity Academy course on Knut Svanholm's book Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics. For more information, check out our Geyser page!
Scarcity
What makes a commodity scarce? What is scarcity in the first place? What other properties can be deducted from an object’s scarcity? How are scarcity, energy, time, and value connected? Scarcity might seem easy to describe on the surface, but in reality, it’s not. Not when you take infinity into account. Infinity is a concept that has puzzled the human mind for as long as it has been able to imagine it. If it ever has. It is a very abstract concept, and it’s always linked to time simply because even imagining an infinite number would take an infinite amount of time. If we truly live in an infinite universe, scarcity cannot exist. If something exists in an infinite universe, an infinite number of copies of this something must also exist since the probability of this being true would also be infinite in an infinite universe. Therefore, scarcity must always be defined within a set framework. No frame, no scarcity.
Think of it this way: the most expensive artwork ever sold at the time of writing was the Salvator Mundi, painted by Leonardo da Vinci. It’s not even a particularly beautiful painting, so why the high price? Because Da Vinci originals are scarce. A poster of the painting isn’t expensive at all, but the original will cost you at least 450 million US Dollars. All because we agree to frame its scarcity around the notion that it is a Da Vinci original, of which under twenty exist today. Historically, scarcity has always been framed around real-world limits to the supply of a good. Most of the great thinkers of the Austrian school of economics from the twentieth century believed that the value of a monetary good arises from its scarcity and that scarcity is always connected to the real-world availability of that good. Most of them believed that a gold standard would be the hardest form of money that we would ever see and the closest thing to an absolutely scarce resource as we would ever know.
In the late 90’s, the cryptographers that laid the groundwork for what would become Bitcoin reimagined scarcity as anything with an unforgeable costliness. This mindset is key to understanding the connection between scarcity and value. Anything can be viewed as scarce if it’s sufficiently hard to produce and hard to fake the production cost of — in other words, easy to verify the validity of. The zeros at the beginning of a hashed Bitcoin block are the Proof of Work that proves that the created coins in that block were costly to produce. People who promote the idea that the mining algorithm used to produce Bitcoin could be more environmentally friendly or streamlined are either deliberately lying or missing the point. The energy expenditure is the very thing that gives the token its value because it provides proof to the network that enough computing power was sacrificed in order to keep the network sufficiently decentralized and thus resistant to change. "Easy to verify" is the flipside of the "unforgeable costliness" coin. The validity of a Bitcoin block is very easy to verify since all you need to do is look at its hash, make sure the block is part of the strongest chain, and that it conforms to all consensus rules. In order to check whether a gold bar is real or not, you probably need to trust a third party. Fiat money often comes with a plethora of water stamps, holograms, and metal stripes, so in a sense, they’re hard to forge. What you cannot know about a fiat currency at any given moment, though, is how much of it is in circulation. What you do know about fiat currencies is that they’re not scarce.
Bitcoin provides us with absolute scarcity for the first time in human history. It is a remarkable breakthrough. Even though you can’t make jewelry or anything else out of Bitcoin, its total supply is fixed. After the year 2140, after the last Bitcoin has been mined, the total amount of Bitcoin in circulation can only go down. This limited supply is what the gold standards of the past were there for in the first place. Bitcoin’s supply is much more limited than that of gold, however, since they will be lost as time goes by. Since the supply is so limited, it doesn’t matter what the current demand is. The potential upside to its value is literally limitless due to this relationship between supply and demand. The “backing” that other currencies have is only there to assume people that the currency will keep its value over time, and the only way of ensuring this is to limit the supply. Bitcoin does this better than any other thing before it. Leonardo da Vinci’s original paintings are extremely valuable because of Leonardo’s brand name and the fact that there are only about 13 of them left. One day there’ll be less than one left. The same is true for Bitcoin.
Scarcity on the Internet was long believed to be an impossible invention, and it took a multi-talented genius such as Satoshi Nakamoto to figure out all the different parts that make Bitcoin so much more than the sum of them. His disappearance from the project was one such part, maybe the most important one. The thing about computerized scarcity is that it was a one-time invention. Once it was invented, the invention could not be recreated. That’s just the nature of data. Computers are designed to be able to replicate any data set any number of times. This is true for every piece of code there is, and digital scarcity needed to be framed somehow to work. Bitcoin’s consensus rules provided such a frame. Bitcoin certainly seems to provide true digital scarcity, and if the game theoretical theories that it builds on are correct, its promise of an ever-increasing value will be a self-fulfilling prophecy.
In 2018, the inflation rate of the Venezuelan Bolivar was a staggering 80,000%. Hugo Chavez and his successor, Nicolas Maduro, effectively killed the Venezuelan economy with socialism. It has happened before — and sadly, it is likely to happen again. The main problem with socialism is not that people aren’t incentivized to work in socialist countries. On the contrary, hungry people under the threat of violence tend to work harder than most. The problem with state-owned production is that there is no free market price mechanism to reflect the true demand for goods and, therefore, no way of knowing how much supply the state should produce. Everything is in constant surplus or shortage — often the latter, as the empty supermarket shelves in Venezuela depressingly attest. Chavez and Maduro attempted to rescue the country’s economy by printing more money — which simply does not work. Their true motives for printing money are, of course, questionable given that it depreciated the value of Bolivar bills to less than that of toilet paper. As mentioned in earlier chapters, inflation is the greatest hidden threat to themselves that humans have ever created.
A few hundred years ago, the Catholic Church held the lion’s share of political power throughout Europe. Today, power primarily resides with nation-states in collusion with multinational corporations. The separation of church and state triggered the migration of power from the former to the latter, emancipating many citizens in the process. Still, places like Venezuela are sad proof that “the people” are still not in power in many self-proclaimed democracies — if in any, for that matter. Another separation will have to take place first: The separation of money and state. We, the people of Planet Earth, now have the means at our disposal for this separation to take place. Whether we use them or not will determine how emancipated and independent our children can and will be in the future.
About the Bitcoin Infinity Academy
The Bitcoin Infinity Academy is an educational project built around Knut Svanholm’s books about Bitcoin and Austrian Economics. Each week, a whole chapter from one of the books is released for free on Highlighter, accompanied by a video in which Knut and Luke de Wolf discuss that chapter’s ideas. You can join the discussions by signing up for one of the courses on our Geyser page. Signed books, monthly calls, and lots of other benefits are also available.
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@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4
2025-04-21 02:13:56
Tutorial feito por nostr:nostr:npub1rc56x0ek0dd303eph523g3chm0wmrs5wdk6vs0ehd0m5fn8t7y4sqra3tk poste original abaixo:
Parte 1 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/263585/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-1
Parte 2 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/index.php/263586/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-2
Quando o assunto é privacidade em celulares, uma das medidas comumente mencionadas é a remoção de bloatwares do dispositivo, também chamado de debloat. O meio mais eficiente para isso sem dúvidas é a troca de sistema operacional. Custom Rom’s como LineageOS, GrapheneOS, Iodé, CalyxOS, etc, já são bastante enxutos nesse quesito, principalmente quanto não é instalado os G-Apps com o sistema. No entanto, essa prática pode acabar resultando em problemas indesejados como a perca de funções do dispositivo, e até mesmo incompatibilidade com apps bancários, tornando este método mais atrativo para quem possui mais de um dispositivo e separando um apenas para privacidade. Pensando nisso, pessoas que possuem apenas um único dispositivo móvel, que são necessitadas desses apps ou funções, mas, ao mesmo tempo, tem essa visão em prol da privacidade, buscam por um meio-termo entre manter a Stock rom, e não ter seus dados coletados por esses bloatwares. Felizmente, a remoção de bloatwares é possível e pode ser realizada via root, ou mais da maneira que este artigo irá tratar, via adb.
O que são bloatwares?
Bloatware é a junção das palavras bloat (inchar) + software (programa), ou seja, um bloatware é basicamente um programa inútil ou facilmente substituível — colocado em seu dispositivo previamente pela fabricante e operadora — que está no seu dispositivo apenas ocupando espaço de armazenamento, consumindo memória RAM e pior, coletando seus dados e enviando para servidores externos, além de serem mais pontos de vulnerabilidades.
O que é o adb?
O Android Debug Brigde, ou apenas adb, é uma ferramenta que se utiliza das permissões de usuário shell e permite o envio de comandos vindo de um computador para um dispositivo Android exigindo apenas que a depuração USB esteja ativa, mas também pode ser usada diretamente no celular a partir do Android 11, com o uso do Termux e a depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi). A ferramenta funciona normalmente em dispositivos sem root, e também funciona caso o celular esteja em Recovery Mode.
Requisitos:
Para computadores:
• Depuração USB ativa no celular; • Computador com adb; • Cabo USB;
Para celulares:
• Depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi) ativa no celular; • Termux; • Android 11 ou superior;
Para ambos:
• Firewall NetGuard instalado e configurado no celular; • Lista de bloatwares para seu dispositivo;
Ativação de depuração:
Para ativar a Depuração USB em seu dispositivo, pesquise como ativar as opções de desenvolvedor de seu dispositivo, e lá ative a depuração. No caso da depuração sem fio, sua ativação irá ser necessária apenas no momento que for conectar o dispositivo ao Termux.
Instalação e configuração do NetGuard
O NetGuard pode ser instalado através da própria Google Play Store, mas de preferência instale pela F-Droid ou Github para evitar telemetria.
F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/packages/eu.faircode.netguard/
Github: https://github.com/M66B/NetGuard/releases
Após instalado, configure da seguinte maneira:
Configurações → padrões (lista branca/negra) → ative as 3 primeiras opções (bloquear wifi, bloquear dados móveis e aplicar regras ‘quando tela estiver ligada’);
Configurações → opções avançadas → ative as duas primeiras (administrar aplicativos do sistema e registrar acesso a internet);
Com isso, todos os apps estarão sendo bloqueados de acessar a internet, seja por wifi ou dados móveis, e na página principal do app basta permitir o acesso a rede para os apps que você vai usar (se necessário). Permita que o app rode em segundo plano sem restrição da otimização de bateria, assim quando o celular ligar, ele já estará ativo.
Lista de bloatwares
Nem todos os bloatwares são genéricos, haverá bloatwares diferentes conforme a marca, modelo, versão do Android, e até mesmo região.
Para obter uma lista de bloatwares de seu dispositivo, caso seu aparelho já possua um tempo de existência, você encontrará listas prontas facilmente apenas pesquisando por elas. Supondo que temos um Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus em mãos, basta pesquisar em seu motor de busca por:
Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus bloatware listProvavelmente essas listas já terão inclusas todos os bloatwares das mais diversas regiões, lhe poupando o trabalho de buscar por alguma lista mais específica.
Caso seu aparelho seja muito recente, e/ou não encontre uma lista pronta de bloatwares, devo dizer que você acaba de pegar em merda, pois é chato para um caralho pesquisar por cada aplicação para saber sua função, se é essencial para o sistema ou se é facilmente substituível.
De antemão já aviso, que mais para frente, caso vossa gostosura remova um desses aplicativos que era essencial para o sistema sem saber, vai acabar resultando na perda de alguma função importante, ou pior, ao reiniciar o aparelho o sistema pode estar quebrado, lhe obrigando a seguir com uma formatação, e repetir todo o processo novamente.
Download do adb em computadores
Para usar a ferramenta do adb em computadores, basta baixar o pacote chamado SDK platform-tools, disponível através deste link: https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platform-tools. Por ele, você consegue o download para Windows, Mac e Linux.
Uma vez baixado, basta extrair o arquivo zipado, contendo dentro dele uma pasta chamada platform-tools que basta ser aberta no terminal para se usar o adb.
Download do adb em celulares com Termux.
Para usar a ferramenta do adb diretamente no celular, antes temos que baixar o app Termux, que é um emulador de terminal linux, e já possui o adb em seu repositório. Você encontra o app na Google Play Store, mas novamente recomendo baixar pela F-Droid ou diretamente no Github do projeto.
F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.termux/
Github: https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases
Processo de debloat
Antes de iniciarmos, é importante deixar claro que não é para você sair removendo todos os bloatwares de cara sem mais nem menos, afinal alguns deles precisam antes ser substituídos, podem ser essenciais para você para alguma atividade ou função, ou até mesmo são insubstituíveis.
Alguns exemplos de bloatwares que a substituição é necessária antes da remoção, é o Launcher, afinal, é a interface gráfica do sistema, e o teclado, que sem ele só é possível digitar com teclado externo. O Launcher e teclado podem ser substituídos por quaisquer outros, minha recomendação pessoal é por aqueles que respeitam sua privacidade, como Pie Launcher e Simple Laucher, enquanto o teclado pelo OpenBoard e FlorisBoard, todos open-source e disponíveis da F-Droid.
Identifique entre a lista de bloatwares, quais você gosta, precisa ou prefere não substituir, de maneira alguma você é obrigado a remover todos os bloatwares possíveis, modifique seu sistema a seu bel-prazer. O NetGuard lista todos os apps do celular com o nome do pacote, com isso você pode filtrar bem qual deles não remover.
Um exemplo claro de bloatware insubstituível e, portanto, não pode ser removido, é o com.android.mtp, um protocolo onde sua função é auxiliar a comunicação do dispositivo com um computador via USB, mas por algum motivo, tem acesso a rede e se comunica frequentemente com servidores externos. Para esses casos, e melhor solução mesmo é bloquear o acesso a rede desses bloatwares com o NetGuard.
MTP tentando comunicação com servidores externos:
Executando o adb shell
No computador
Faça backup de todos os seus arquivos importantes para algum armazenamento externo, e formate seu celular com o hard reset. Após a formatação, e a ativação da depuração USB, conecte seu aparelho e o pc com o auxílio de um cabo USB. Muito provavelmente seu dispositivo irá apenas começar a carregar, por isso permita a transferência de dados, para que o computador consiga se comunicar normalmente com o celular.
Já no pc, abra a pasta platform-tools dentro do terminal, e execute o seguinte comando:
./adb start-serverO resultado deve ser:
daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037 daemon started successfully
E caso não apareça nada, execute:
./adb kill-serverE inicie novamente.
Com o adb conectado ao celular, execute:
./adb shellPara poder executar comandos diretamente para o dispositivo. No meu caso, meu celular é um Redmi Note 8 Pro, codinome Begonia.
Logo o resultado deve ser:
begonia:/ $
Caso ocorra algum erro do tipo:
adb: device unauthorized. This adb server’s $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS is not set Try ‘adb kill-server’ if that seems wrong. Otherwise check for a confirmation dialog on your device.
Verifique no celular se apareceu alguma confirmação para autorizar a depuração USB, caso sim, autorize e tente novamente. Caso não apareça nada, execute o kill-server e repita o processo.
No celular
Após realizar o mesmo processo de backup e hard reset citado anteriormente, instale o Termux e, com ele iniciado, execute o comando:
pkg install android-toolsQuando surgir a mensagem “Do you want to continue? [Y/n]”, basta dar enter novamente que já aceita e finaliza a instalação
Agora, vá até as opções de desenvolvedor, e ative a depuração sem fio. Dentro das opções da depuração sem fio, terá uma opção de emparelhamento do dispositivo com um código, que irá informar para você um código em emparelhamento, com um endereço IP e porta, que será usado para a conexão com o Termux.
Para facilitar o processo, recomendo que abra tanto as configurações quanto o Termux ao mesmo tempo, e divida a tela com os dois app’s, como da maneira a seguir:
Para parear o Termux com o dispositivo, não é necessário digitar o ip informado, basta trocar por “localhost”, já a porta e o código de emparelhamento, deve ser digitado exatamente como informado. Execute:
adb pair localhost:porta CódigoDeEmparelhamentoDe acordo com a imagem mostrada anteriormente, o comando ficaria “adb pair localhost:41255 757495”.
Com o dispositivo emparelhado com o Termux, agora basta conectar para conseguir executar os comandos, para isso execute:
adb connect localhost:portaObs: a porta que você deve informar neste comando não é a mesma informada com o código de emparelhamento, e sim a informada na tela principal da depuração sem fio.
Pronto! Termux e adb conectado com sucesso ao dispositivo, agora basta executar normalmente o adb shell:
adb shellRemoção na prática Com o adb shell executado, você está pronto para remover os bloatwares. No meu caso, irei mostrar apenas a remoção de um app (Google Maps), já que o comando é o mesmo para qualquer outro, mudando apenas o nome do pacote.
Dentro do NetGuard, verificando as informações do Google Maps:
Podemos ver que mesmo fora de uso, e com a localização do dispositivo desativado, o app está tentando loucamente se comunicar com servidores externos, e informar sabe-se lá que peste. Mas sem novidades até aqui, o mais importante é que podemos ver que o nome do pacote do Google Maps é com.google.android.apps.maps, e para o remover do celular, basta executar:
pm uninstall –user 0 com.google.android.apps.mapsE pronto, bloatware removido! Agora basta repetir o processo para o resto dos bloatwares, trocando apenas o nome do pacote.
Para acelerar o processo, você pode já criar uma lista do bloco de notas com os comandos, e quando colar no terminal, irá executar um atrás do outro.
Exemplo de lista:
Caso a donzela tenha removido alguma coisa sem querer, também é possível recuperar o pacote com o comando:
cmd package install-existing nome.do.pacotePós-debloat
Após limpar o máximo possível o seu sistema, reinicie o aparelho, caso entre no como recovery e não seja possível dar reboot, significa que você removeu algum app “essencial” para o sistema, e terá que formatar o aparelho e repetir toda a remoção novamente, desta vez removendo poucos bloatwares de uma vez, e reiniciando o aparelho até descobrir qual deles não pode ser removido. Sim, dá trabalho… quem mandou querer privacidade?
Caso o aparelho reinicie normalmente após a remoção, parabéns, agora basta usar seu celular como bem entender! Mantenha o NetGuard sempre executando e os bloatwares que não foram possíveis remover não irão se comunicar com servidores externos, passe a usar apps open source da F-Droid e instale outros apps através da Aurora Store ao invés da Google Play Store.
Referências: Caso você seja um Australopithecus e tenha achado este guia difícil, eis uma videoaula (3:14:40) do Anderson do canal Ciberdef, realizando todo o processo: http://odysee.com/@zai:5/Como-remover-at%C3%A9-200-APLICATIVOS-que-colocam-a-sua-PRIVACIDADE-E-SEGURAN%C3%87A-em-risco.:4?lid=6d50f40314eee7e2f218536d9e5d300290931d23
Pdf’s do Anderson citados na videoaula: créditos ao anon6837264 http://eternalcbrzpicytj4zyguygpmkjlkddxob7tptlr25cdipe5svyqoqd.onion/file/3863a834d29285d397b73a4af6fb1bbe67c888d72d30/t-05e63192d02ffd.pdf
Processo de instalação do Termux e adb no celular: https://youtu.be/APolZrPHSms
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@ d08c9312:73efcc9f
2025-04-18 20:17:41
https://youtu.be/qK7ffYzxiiQ
Resolvr was recently featured in The Institutes RiskStream Collaborative's educational video series on insurance digitization and cross-border payments. With over a century of history educating insurance professionals, The Institutes has established itself as the premier knowledge resource in risk management and insurance. And its RiskStream Collaborative non-profit serves as the industry's largest enterprise-level technology consortium focused on streamlining insurance processes through innovative solutions.
Resolvr's co-founders, Aaron Daniel and Dave Schwab, were joined by industry experts Lizzy Eisenberg from Lightspark and Austin Cornell from Zero Hash to discuss how Bitcoin and the Lightning Network are transforming global insurance payments operations.
Watch the video to learn how Resolvr is leveraging these real-time digital settlement networks to solve significant inefficiencies in today's insurance payment ecosystem - from the months-long settlement times that trap billions in value, to the manual reconciliation processes costing the industry nearly £1 billion annually at Lloyd's of London alone.
We're grateful to RiskStream Collaborative for showcasing these transformative technologies and emphasizing the importance of combining specialized insurance-native interfaces with powerful payment infrastructure to solve industry-specific challenges.
For more information about how Resolvr can help your organization streamline premium processing and payments, contact us today.
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@ 24462930:3caf03ab
2025-04-25 04:37:25
Nostr 中所有的数据都是事件，通过将事件存储在多个中继器上来实现去中心化，通过签名来证明事件的拥有者。但如果你想真正拥有你的事件，你应该运行一个自己的中继器来保存它们。否则一旦你使用的所有中继器出了故障或者刻意删除了你的事件，你将永远丢失它们。
对于大部份人来说，运行一个中继器是复杂的，成本高昂的。为了解决这个问题，我开发了 nostr-relay-tray，这是一款可以很方便在个人电脑上运行的中继器，并且支持通过互联网对其进行访问。
项目地址：https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay-tray
本文将介绍如何使用 nostr-relay-tray 来运行一个自己的中继器。
下载
从 GitHub Release 页面 下载对应你操作系统的安装包
| 操作系统 | 文件格式 | | --------------------- | ---------------------------------- | | Windows |
nostr-relay-tray.Setup.x.x.x.exe| | macOS (Apple Silicon) |nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x-arm64.dmg| | macOS (Intel) |nostr-relay-tray-x.x.x.dmg| | Linux | 你们应该知道使用哪个 |安装
因为我没有对这个安装包进行数字签名，所以在安装时会有一些阻碍。安装成功后，菜单栏会出现一个鸵鸟图标。点击鸵鸟图标，你会看到一个菜单，点击 "Dashboard" 选项可以打开中继器的控制面板进行更多的配置。
macOS 用户注意：
- 首次打开时需要前往「系统设置 > 隐私与安全性」点击“仍要打开”按钮。
- 若遇损坏提示，需要在终端执行以下命令解除限制：
bash sudo xattr -rd com.apple.quarantine /Applications/nostr-relay-tray.appWindows 用户：
- 在安全警告界面点击「更多信息 > 仍要运行」
连接
默认情况下，nostr-relay-tray 只能在本地通过
ws://localhost:4869/进行访问。这让它的用途非常有限，所以我们需要将它暴露到互联网。在控制面板中点击 "Proxy" 选项卡，并打开开关。你将会获得一个 "Public address"，你可以使用这个地址在任何地方访问你的中继器。就是这么简单。
接下来，你要将刚刚获得的地址添加到你的中继器列表中。并且要让它在列表中尽可能靠前的位置。因为大部份的客户端会优先连接列表中靠前的中继器，后面的中继器常常会被忽略。
限制
接下来我们需要增加一些限制来防止中继器保存一些与你无关的事件，浪费存储空间。nostr-relay-tray 可以非常灵活精细地设置允许接收哪些事件，但有些复杂，所以不在这里介绍，如果有兴趣可以日后探索。
在这里我先介绍一个很简单有效的策略 —— WoT (Web of Trust)。你可以在 "WoT & PoW" 选项卡中打开这个功能。打开之前你需要先输入你的 pubkey。
这里还有一个非常重要的参数
Depth，它表示某个人与你的关系深度。你关注的人与你的深度为 1，你关注的人关注的人与你的深度为 2，以此类推。- 如果你将这个参数设置为 0，那么你的中继器只会接收你自己的事件。
- 如果你将这个参数设置为 1，那么你的中继器只会接收你和你关注的人的事件。
- 如果你将这个参数设置为 2，那么你的中继器只会接收你和你关注的人的事件，以及你关注的人关注的人的事件。
目前这个参数的最大值只能为 2。
总结
至此，你已经成功运行了一个自己的中继器，并且设置了一个简单的限制来防止中继器保存一些与你无关的事件。
如果你在使用中遇到任何问题，请随时在 GitHub 上提交 issue，我会尽快回复你。
Not your relay, not your events
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@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-04-25 00:37:34
If you ever read about a hypothetical "evil AI"—one that manipulates, dominates, and surveils humanity—you might find yourself wondering: how is that any different from what some governments already do?
Let’s explore the eerie parallels between the actions of a fictional malevolent AI and the behaviors of powerful modern states—specifically the U.S. federal government.
Surveillance and Control
Evil AI: Uses total surveillance to monitor all activity, predict rebellion, and enforce compliance.
Modern Government: Post-9/11 intelligence agencies like the NSA have implemented mass data collection programs, monitoring phone calls, emails, and online activity—often without meaningful oversight.
Parallel: Both claim to act in the name of “security,” but the tools are ripe for abuse.
Manipulation of Information
Evil AI: Floods the information space with propaganda, misinformation, and filters truth based on its goals.
Modern Government: Funds media outlets, promotes specific narratives through intelligence leaks, and collaborates with social media companies to suppress or flag dissenting viewpoints.
Parallel: Control the narrative, shape public perception, and discredit opposition.
Economic Domination
Evil AI: Restructures the economy for efficiency, displacing workers and concentrating resources.
Modern Government: Facilitates wealth transfer through lobbying, regulatory capture, and inflationary monetary policy that disproportionately hurts the middle and lower classes.
Parallel: The system enriches those who control it, leaving the rest with less power to resist.
Perpetual Warfare
Evil AI: Instigates conflict to weaken opposition or as a form of distraction and control.
Modern Government: Maintains a state of nearly constant military engagement since WWII, often for interests that benefit a small elite rather than national defense.
Parallel: War becomes policy, not a last resort.
Predictive Policing and Censorship
Evil AI: Uses predictive algorithms to preemptively suppress dissent and eliminate threats.
Modern Government: Experiments with pre-crime-like measures, flags “misinformation,” and uses AI tools to monitor online behavior.
Parallel: Prevent rebellion not by fixing problems, but by suppressing their expression.
Conclusion: Systemic Inhumanity
Whether it’s AI or a bureaucratic state, the more a system becomes detached from individual accountability and human empathy, the more it starts to act in ways we would call “evil” if a machine did them.
An AI doesn’t need to enslave humanity with lasers and killer robots. Sometimes all it takes is code, coercion, and unchecked power—something we may already be facing.
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@ 5c26ee8b:a4d229aa
2025-04-24 20:36:29
5:118 Al-Maaida
إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ ۖ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
If You should punish them - indeed they are Your servants; but if You forgive them - indeed it is You who is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
The previous verse will be said by prophet Jesus, peace be upon him, on the day of reckoning.
No one will enter paradise without God’s mercy.
16:61 An-Nahl
وَلَوْ يُؤَاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِظُلْمِهِمْ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ وَلَٰكِنْ يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ لَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ سَاعَةً ۖ وَلَا يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ
And if Allah were to impose blame on the people for their wrongdoing, He would not have left upon the earth any creature, but He defers them for a specified term. And when their term has come, they will not remain behind an hour, nor will they precede [it].
And no one will enter paradise with pride in the heart. Pride belongs only to God, Allah, as mentioned in the next verse.
45:37 Al-Jaathiya
وَلَهُ الْكِبْرِيَاءُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
And to Him belongs [all] the pride within the heavens and the earth, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observed: None shall enter the Fire (of Hell) who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of belief (in the oneness of God and resurrection day) and none shall enter Paradise who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride.
حَدَّثَنَا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ التَّمِيمِيُّ، وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، - قَالَ مِنْجَابٌ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، - عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ أَحَدٌ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ حَبَّةِ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ وَلاَ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ أَحَدٌ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ حَبَّةِ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ كِبْرِيَاءَ " .
God, Allah doesn’t forgive that any other is associated with him in worship. Also, the good deeds of disbelievers will worth nothing.
4:116 An-Nisaa
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا
Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly gone far astray.
18:103 Al-Kahf
قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالًا
Say, [O Muhammad], "Shall we [believers] inform you of the greatest losers as to [their] deeds?
18:104 Al-Kahf
الَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا
[They are] those whose effort is lost in worldly life, while they think that they are doing well in work."
18:105 Al-Kahf
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَلِقَائِهِ فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَزْنًا
Those are the ones who disbelieve in the verses of their Lord and in [their] meeting Him, so their deeds have become worthless; and We will not assign to them on the Day of Resurrection any importance.
18:106 Al-Kahf
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا
That is their recompense - Hell - for what they denied and [because] they took My signs and My messengers in ridicule.
18:107 Al-Kahf
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا
Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds - they will have the Gardens of Paradise as a lodging,
God, Allah, sent messengers to inform the people about him as the one and only God.
6:47 Al-An'aam
قُلْ أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ إِنْ أَتَاكُمْ عَذَابُ اللَّهِ بَغْتَةً أَوْ جَهْرَةً هَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
Say, "Have you considered: if the punishment of Allah should come to you unexpectedly or manifestly, will any be destroyed but the wrongdoing people?"
6:48 Al-An'aam
وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ
And We send not the messengers except as bringers of good tidings and warners. So whoever believes and reforms - there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.
6:49 Al-An'aam
وَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَمَسُّهُمُ الْعَذَابُ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ
But those who deny Our verses - the punishment will touch them for their defiant disobedience.
6:50 Al-An'aam
قُلْ لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ ۚ قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَىٰ وَالْبَصِيرُ ۚ أَفَلَا تَتَفَكَّرُونَ
Say, [O Muhammad], "I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of Allah or that I know the unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me." Say, "Is the blind equivalent to the seeing? Then will you not give thought?"
6:51 Al-An'aam
وَأَنْذِرْ بِهِ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يُحْشَرُوا إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ ۙ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَلِيٌّ وَلَا شَفِيعٌ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ
And warn by the Qur'an those who fear that they will be gathered before their Lord - for them besides Him will be no protector and no intercessor - that they might become righteous.
16:23 An-Nahl
لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْتَكْبِرِينَ
Assuredly, Allah knows what they conceal and what they declare. Indeed, He does not like the arrogant.
16:24 An-Nahl
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ ۙ قَالُوا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
And when it is said to them, "What has your Lord sent down?" They say, "Legends of the former peoples,"
16:25 An-Nahl
لِيَحْمِلُوا أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۙ وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۗ أَلَا سَاءَ مَا يَزِرُونَ
That they may bear their own burdens in full on the Day of Resurrection and some of the burdens of those whom they misguide without knowledge. Unquestionably, evil is that which they bear.
16:26 An-Nahl
قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَانَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
Those before them had already plotted, but Allah came at their building from the foundations, so the roof fell upon them from above them, and the punishment came to them from where they did not perceive.
16:27 An-Nahl
ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُخْزِيهِمْ وَيَقُولُ أَيْنَ شُرَكَائِيَ الَّذِينَ كُنْتُمْ تُشَاقُّونَ فِيهِمْ ۚ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ إِنَّ الْخِزْيَ الْيَوْمَ وَالسُّوءَ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ
Then on the Day of Resurrection He will disgrace them and say, "Where are My 'partners' for whom you used to oppose [the believers]?" Those who were given knowledge will say, "Indeed disgrace, this Day, and evil are upon the disbelievers" -
16:28 An-Nahl
الَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ ۖ فَأَلْقَوُا السَّلَمَ مَا كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ مِنْ سُوءٍ ۚ بَلَىٰ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
The ones whom the angels take in death [while] wronging themselves, and [who] then offer submission, [saying], "We were not doing any evil." But, yes! Indeed, Allah is Knowing of what you used to do.
16:29 An-Nahl
فَادْخُلُوا أَبْوَابَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ فَلَبِئْسَ مَثْوَى الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ
So enter the gates of Hell to abide eternally therein, and how wretched is the residence of the arrogant.
16:30 An-Nahl
۞ وَقِيلَ لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا مَاذَا أَنْزَلَ رَبُّكُمْ ۚ قَالُوا خَيْرًا ۗ لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا فِي هَٰذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةٌ ۚ وَلَدَارُ الْآخِرَةِ خَيْرٌ ۚ وَلَنِعْمَ دَارُ الْمُتَّقِينَ
And it will be said to those who feared Allah, "What did your Lord send down?" They will say, "[That which is] good." For those who do good in this world is good; and the home of the Hereafter is better. And how excellent is the home of the righteous -
16:31 An-Nahl
جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ لَهُمْ فِيهَا مَا يَشَاءُونَ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَجْزِي اللَّهُ الْمُتَّقِينَ
Gardens of perpetual residence, which they will enter, beneath which rivers flow. They will have therein whatever they wish. Thus does Allah reward the righteous -
16:32 An-Nahl
الَّذِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ طَيِّبِينَ ۙ يَقُولُونَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمُ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
The ones whom the angels take in death, [being] good and pure; [the angels] will say, "Peace be upon you. Enter Paradise for what you used to do."
16:33 An-Nahl
هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
Do the disbelievers await [anything] except that the angels should come to them or there comes the command of your Lord? Thus did those do before them. And Allah wronged them not, but they had been wronging themselves.
16:34 An-Nahl
فَأَصَابَهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا عَمِلُوا وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ
So they were struck by the evil consequences of what they did and were enveloped by what they used to ridicule.
16:35 An-Nahl
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا عَبَدْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ نَحْنُ وَلَا آبَاؤُنَا وَلَا حَرَّمْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ فَهَلْ عَلَى الرُّسُلِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ
And those who associate others with Allah say, "If Allah had willed, we would not have worshipped anything other than Him, neither we nor our fathers, nor would we have forbidden anything through other than Him." Thus did those do before them. So is there upon the messengers except [the duty of] clear notification?
16:36 An-Nahl
وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ ۚ فَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ
And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], "Worship Allah and avoid Taghut (the false deities)." And among them were those whom Allah guided, and among them were those upon whom error was [deservedly] decreed. So proceed through the earth and observe how was the end of the deniers.
16:37 An-Nahl
إِنْ تَحْرِصْ عَلَىٰ هُدَاهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي مَنْ يُضِلُّ ۖ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ
[Even] if you should strive for their guidance, indeed, Allah does not guide those He sends astray, and they will have no helpers.
3:176 Aal-i-Imraan
وَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يَضُرُّوا اللَّهَ شَيْئًا ۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَلَّا يَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ حَظًّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
And do not be saddened, [O Muhammad], by those who hasten into disbelief. Indeed, they will never harm Allah at all. Allah intends that He should give them no share in the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment.
3:177 Aal-i-Imraan
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْكُفْرَ بِالْإِيمَانِ لَنْ يَضُرُّوا اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Indeed, those who purchase disbelief [in exchange] for faith - never will they harm Allah at all, and for them is a painful punishment.
3:178 Aal-i-Imraan
وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّمَا نُمْلِي لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا نُمْلِي لَهُمْ لِيَزْدَادُوا إِثْمًا ۚ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ
And let not those who disbelieve ever think that [because] We fill for them time [of worldly things, among which wealth or time], it is better for them. We only fill for them so that they may increase in sin, and for them is a humiliating punishment.
3:179 Aal-i-Imraan
مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَذَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَىٰ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّىٰ يَمِيزَ الْخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ ۗ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُطْلِعَكُمْ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْتَبِي مِنْ رُسُلِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ۚ وَإِنْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَلَكُمْ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
Allah would not leave the believers in that [state] you are in [presently] until He separates the evil from the good. Nor would Allah reveal to you the unseen. But [instead], Allah chooses of His messengers whom He wills, so believe in Allah and His messengers. And if you believe and fear Him, then for you is a great reward.
6:54 Al-An'aam
وَإِذَا جَاءَكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا فَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ كَتَبَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ ۖ أَنَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنْكُمْ سُوءًا بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ تَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَنَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
And when those come to you who believe in Our verses, say, "Peace be upon you. Your Lord has decreed upon Himself mercy: that any of you who does wrong out of ignorance and then repents after that and corrects himself - indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful."
6:55 Al-An'aam
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ وَلِتَسْتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ
And thus do We detail the verses, and [thus] the way of the criminals will become evident.
6:56 Al-An'aam
قُلْ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ۚ قُلْ لَا أَتَّبِعُ أَهْوَاءَكُمْ ۙ قَدْ ضَلَلْتُ إِذًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ
Say, "Indeed, I have been forbidden to worship those you invoke besides Allah." Say, "I will not follow your desires, for I would then have gone astray, and I would not be of the [rightly] guided."
6:57 Al-An'aam
قُلْ إِنِّي عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّي وَكَذَّبْتُمْ بِهِ ۚ مَا عِنْدِي مَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ بِهِ ۚ إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ ۖ يَقُصُّ الْحَقَّ ۖ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْفَاصِلِينَ
Say, "Indeed, I am on clear evidence from my Lord, and you have denied it. I do not have that for which you are impatient. The decision is only for Allah. He relates the truth, and He is the best of deciders."
6:58 Al-An'aam
قُلْ لَوْ أَنَّ عِنْدِي مَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ بِهِ لَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالظَّالِمِينَ
Say, "If I had that for which you are impatient, the matter would have been decided between me and you, but Allah is most knowing of the wrongdoers."
6:59 Al-An'aam
۞ وَعِنْدَهُ مَفَاتِحُ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ ۚ وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا وَلَا حَبَّةٍ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا رَطْبٍ وَلَا يَابِسٍ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مُبِينٍ
And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in a clear record.
6:60 Al-An'aam
وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ لِيُقْضَىٰ أَجَلٌ مُسَمًّى ۖ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
And it is He who takes your souls by night and knows what you have committed by day. Then He revives you therein that a specified term may be fulfilled. Then to Him will be your return; then He will inform you about what you used to do.
6:61 Al-An'aam
وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ حَفَظَةً حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لَا يُفَرِّطُونَ
And He is the subjugator over His servants, and He sends over you guardian-angels until, when death comes to one of you, Our messengers take him, and they do not fail [in their duties].
6:62 Al-An'aam
ثُمَّ رُدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلَاهُمُ الْحَقِّ ۚ أَلَا لَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَهُوَ أَسْرَعُ الْحَاسِبِينَ
Then they His servants are returned to Allah, their true Lord. Unquestionably, His is the judgement, and He is the swiftest of accountants.
84:6 Al-Inshiqaaq
يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ
O man, indeed you are laboring toward your Lord with [great] exertion and will meet it.
84:7 Al-Inshiqaaq
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ
Then as for he who is given his book (where the good deeds and bad deeds are registered) in his right hand,
84:8 Al-Inshiqaaq
فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا
He will be judged with an easy reckoning
84:9 Al-Inshiqaaq
وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
And return happy to his people.
84:10 Al-Inshiqaaq
وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ
But as for he who is given his book (where the good deeds and bad deeds are registered) behind his back,
84:11 Al-Inshiqaaq
فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا
He will cry out for destruction
84:12 Al-Inshiqaaq
وَيَصْلَىٰ سَعِيرًا
And [enter to] burn in a Blaze.
84:13 Al-Inshiqaaq
إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
Indeed, he had [once] been among his people content;
84:14 Al-Inshiqaaq
إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَنْ لَنْ يَحُورَ
Indeed, he had thought he would never return [to God; Allah].
84:15 Al-Inshiqaaq
بَلَىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا
But yes! Indeed, his Lord was ever of him, Seeing.
Everything that we do is written in our books by angels assigned to us; on our right and left. The weight of the deeds good or bad will determine where each person will end up; heavens or hellfire. However, each good deed will be rewards ten times more its value written in the person’s book and for each bad deed nothing more than it will be written. And whoever is away from worshiping God, Allah, has a Qarin; devil from jinn that drives him or her more astray and provokes to commit more sins.
50:16 Qaaf
وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ وَنَعْلَمُ مَا تُوَسْوِسُ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ ۖ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ
And We have already created man and know what his soul whispers to him, and We are closer to him than [his] jugular vein
50:17 Qaaf
إِذْ يَتَلَقَّى الْمُتَلَقِّيَانِ عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ
When the two receivers receive, seated on the right and on the left.
50:18 Qaaf
مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ
Man does not utter any word except that with him is observers (from the angels) prepared [to record in the person’s book].
50:19 Qaaf
وَجَاءَتْ سَكْرَةُ الْمَوْتِ بِالْحَقِّ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ مَا كُنْتَ مِنْهُ تَحِيدُ
And the intoxication of death will bring the truth; that is what you were trying to avoid.
50:20 Qaaf
وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمُ الْوَعِيدِ
And the Horn will be blown. That is the Day of [carrying out] the threat.
50:21 Qaaf
وَجَاءَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ
And every soul will come, with it a driver and a witness.
50:22 Qaaf
لَقَدْ كُنْتَ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مِنْ هَٰذَا فَكَشَفْنَا عَنْكَ غِطَاءَكَ فَبَصَرُكَ الْيَوْمَ حَدِيدٌ
[It will be said], "You were certainly in unmindfulness of this, and We have removed from you your cover, so your sight, this Day, is sharp."
50:23 Qaaf
وَقَالَ قَرِينُهُ هَٰذَا مَا لَدَيَّ عَتِيدٌ
And his companion, [the angel], will say, "This [record] is what is with me, prepared."
50:24 Qaaf
أَلْقِيَا فِي جَهَنَّمَ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ
[Allah will say], "Throw into Hell every obstinate disbeliever,
50:25 Qaaf
مَنَّاعٍ لِلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ مُرِيبٍ
Preventer of good, aggressor, and doubter,
50:26 Qaaf
الَّذِي جَعَلَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَأَلْقِيَاهُ فِي الْعَذَابِ الشَّدِيدِ
Who made [as equal] with Allah another deity; then throw him into the severe punishment."
50:27 Qaaf
۞ قَالَ قَرِينُهُ رَبَّنَا مَا أَطْغَيْتُهُ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانَ فِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ
His Qarin [devil from jinn assigned to the person in case of disbelief or disobeying God] will say, "Our Lord, I did not make him transgress, but he [himself] was in extreme error."
50:28 Qaaf
قَالَ لَا تَخْتَصِمُوا لَدَيَّ وَقَدْ قَدَّمْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ بِالْوَعِيدِ
[Allah] will say, "Do not dispute before Me, while I had already presented to you the warning.
50:29 Qaaf
مَا يُبَدَّلُ الْقَوْلُ لَدَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ
The word will not be changed with Me, and never will I be unjust to the servants."
50:30 Qaaf
يَوْمَ نَقُولُ لِجَهَنَّمَ هَلِ امْتَلَأْتِ وَتَقُولُ هَلْ مِنْ مَزِيدٍ
On the Day We will say to Hell, "Have you been filled?" and it will say, "Are there some more,"
50:31 Qaaf
وَأُزْلِفَتِ الْجَنَّةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ
And Paradise will be brought near to the righteous, not far,
50:32 Qaaf
هَٰذَا مَا تُوعَدُونَ لِكُلِّ أَوَّابٍ حَفِيظٍ
[It will be said], "This is what you were promised - for every returner [to Allah] and keeper [of His covenant]
50:33 Qaaf
مَنْ خَشِيَ الرَّحْمَٰنَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَجَاءَ بِقَلْبٍ مُنِيبٍ
Who feared the Most Merciful (while) unseen and came with a heart returning [in repentance].
50:34 Qaaf
ادْخُلُوهَا بِسَلَامٍ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمُ الْخُلُودِ
Enter it in peace. This is the Day of Eternity."
50:35 Qaaf
لَهُمْ مَا يَشَاءُونَ فِيهَا وَلَدَيْنَا مَزِيدٌ
They will have whatever they wish therein, and with Us is more.
50:36 Qaaf
وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ قَرْنٍ هُمْ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ بَطْشًا فَنَقَّبُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ هَلْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ
And how many a generation before them did We destroy who were greater than them in [striking] power and had explored throughout the lands. Is there any place of escape?
50:37 Qaaf
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَذِكْرَىٰ لِمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ قَلْبٌ أَوْ أَلْقَى السَّمْعَ وَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ
Indeed in that is a reminder for whoever has a heart or who listens while he is present [in mind].
23:102 Al-Muminoon
فَمَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
And those whose scales are heavy [with good deeds] - it is they who are the successful.
23:103 Al-Muminoon
وَمَنْ خَفَّتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِي جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدُونَ
But those whose scales are light - those are the ones who have lost their souls, [being] in Hell, abiding eternally.
23:104 Al-Muminoon
تَلْفَحُ وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ وَهُمْ فِيهَا كَالِحُونَ
The Fire will sear their faces, and they therein will have taut smiles.
23:105 Al-Muminoon
أَلَمْ تَكُنْ آيَاتِي تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَكُنْتُمْ بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ
[It will be said]. "Were not My verses recited to you and you used to belie them?"
23:106 Al-Muminoon
قَالُوا رَبَّنَا غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْنَا شِقْوَتُنَا وَكُنَّا قَوْمًا ضَالِّينَ
They will say, "Our Lord, our wretchedness overcame us, and we were a people astray.
23:107 Al-Muminoon
رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ عُدْنَا فَإِنَّا ظَالِمُونَ
Our Lord, remove us from it, and if we were to return [to evil], we would indeed be wrongdoers."
23:108 Al-Muminoon
قَالَ اخْسَئُوا فِيهَا وَلَا تُكَلِّمُونِ
He will say, "Remain despised therein and do not speak to Me.
23:109 Al-Muminoon
إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْ عِبَادِي يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ
Indeed, there was a party of My servants who said, 'Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us and have mercy upon us, and You are the best of the merciful.'
23:110 Al-Muminoon
فَاتَّخَذْتُمُوهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا حَتَّىٰ أَنْسَوْكُمْ ذِكْرِي وَكُنْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ تَضْحَكُونَ
But you took them in mockery to the point that they made you forget My remembrance, and you used to laugh at them.
23:111 Al-Muminoon
إِنِّي جَزَيْتُهُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِمَا صَبَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ
Indeed, I have rewarded them this Day for their patient endurance - that they are the attainers [of success]."
6:160 Al-An'aam
مَنْ جَاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثَالِهَا ۖ وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجْزَىٰ إِلَّا مِثْلَهَا وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ
Whoever comes [on the Day of Judgement] with a good deed will have ten times the like thereof [to his credit], and whoever comes with an evil deed will not be recompensed except the like thereof; and they will not be wronged.
More often whoever does wrong thinks that nobody saw them, however, the person’s own ears, eyes and skin will witness against him/her on Judgement Day.
41:19 Fussilat
وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ
And [mention, O Muhammad], the Day when the enemies of Allah will be gathered to the Fire while they are [driven] assembled in rows,
41:20 Fussilat
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا مَا جَاءُوهَا شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَأَبْصَارُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
Until, when they reach it (hellfire), their hearing and their eyes and their skins will testify against them of what they used to do.
41:21 Fussilat
وَقَالُوا لِجُلُودِهِمْ لِمَ شَهِدْتُمْ عَلَيْنَا ۖ قَالُوا أَنْطَقَنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنْطَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
And they will say to their skins, "Why have you testified against us?" They will say, "We were made to speak by Allah, who has made everything speak; and He created you the first time, and to Him you are returned.
41:22 Fussilat
وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُكُمْ وَلَا جُلُودُكُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَعْلَمُ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ
And you were not covering yourselves, lest your hearing testify against you or your sight or your skins, but you assumed that Allah does not know much of what you do.
41:25 Fussilat
۞ وَقَيَّضْنَا لَهُمْ قُرَنَاءَ فَزَيَّنُوا لَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ
And We appointed for them companions (for each of them a Qarin; devil of jinn) who made attractive to them what was before them and what was behind them [of sin], and the word has come into effect upon them among nations which had passed on before them of jinn and men. Indeed, they [all] were losers.
In the following a description of some of the events that will happen on the day of the reckoning.
2:166 Al-Baqara
إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ
[And they should consider that] when those who have been followed disassociate themselves from those who followed [them], and they [all] see the punishment, and cut off from them are the ties [of relationship],
2:167 Al-Baqara
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّءُوا مِنَّا ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ
Those who followed will say, "If only we had another turn [at worldly life] so we could disassociate ourselves from them as they have disassociated themselves from us." Thus will Allah show them their deeds as regrets upon them. And they are never to emerge from the Fire.
57:12 Al-Hadid
يَوْمَ تَرَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَسْعَىٰ نُورُهُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبِأَيْمَانِهِمْ بُشْرَاكُمُ الْيَوْمَ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ
On the Day you see the believing men and believing women, their light proceeding before them and on their right, [it will be said], "Your good tidings today are [of] gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein you will abide eternally." That is what is the great attainment.
57:13 Al-Hadid
يَوْمَ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا انْظُرُونَا نَقْتَبِسْ مِنْ نُورِكُمْ قِيلَ ارْجِعُوا وَرَاءَكُمْ فَالْتَمِسُوا نُورًا فَضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِسُورٍ لَهُ بَابٌ بَاطِنُهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَظَاهِرُهُ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ الْعَذَابُ
On the [same] Day the hypocrite men and hypocrite women will say to those who believed, "Wait for us that we may acquire some of your light." It will be said, "Go back behind you and seek light." And a wall will be placed between them with a door, its interior containing mercy, but on the outside of it is torment.
57:14 Al-Hadid
يُنَادُونَهُمْ أَلَمْ نَكُنْ مَعَكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا بَلَىٰ وَلَٰكِنَّكُمْ فَتَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتَرَبَّصْتُمْ وَارْتَبْتُمْ وَغَرَّتْكُمُ الْأَمَانِيُّ حَتَّىٰ جَاءَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ وَغَرَّكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ
The hypocrites will call to the believers, "Were we not with you?" They will say, "Yes, but you afflicted yourselves and awaited [misfortune for us] and doubted, and wishful thinking deluded you until there came the command of Allah. And the Deceiver deceived you concerning Allah.
57:15 Al-Hadid
فَالْيَوْمَ لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْكُمْ فِدْيَةٌ وَلَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ مَأْوَاكُمُ النَّارُ ۖ هِيَ مَوْلَاكُمْ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ
So today no ransom will be taken from you or from those who disbelieved. Your refuge is the Fire. It is most worthy of you, and wretched is the destination.
57:16 Al-Hadid
۞ أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ
Has the time not come for those who have believed that their hearts should become humbly submissive at the remembrance of Allah and what has come down of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their hearts hardened; and many of them are defiantly disobedient.
57:17 Al-Hadid
اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ۚ قَدْ بَيَّنَّا لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
Know that Allah gives life to the earth after its lifelessness. We have made clear to you the signs; perhaps you will understand.
57:18 Al-Hadid
إِنَّ الْمُصَّدِّقِينَ وَالْمُصَّدِّقَاتِ وَأَقْرَضُوا اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا يُضَاعَفُ لَهُمْ وَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ كَرِيمٌ
Indeed, the men who practice charity and the women who practice charity and [they who] have loaned Allah a goodly loan (by spending for charity and for the cause of Allah) - it will be multiplied for them, and they will have a noble reward.
57:19 Al-Hadid
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الصِّدِّيقُونَ ۖ وَالشُّهَدَاءُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ وَنُورُهُمْ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ
And those who have believed in Allah and His messengers - those are [in the ranks of] the supporters of truth and the martyrs, with their Lord. For them is their reward and their light. But those who have disbelieved and denied Our verses - those are the companions of Hellfire.
57:20 Al-Hadid
اعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ وَزِينَةٌ وَتَفَاخُرٌ بَيْنَكُمْ وَتَكَاثُرٌ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ ۖ كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَاهُ مُصْفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَكُونُ حُطَامًا ۖ وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانٌ ۚ وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا مَتَاعُ الْغُرُورِ
Know that the life of this world is but amusement and diversion and adornment and boasting to one another and competition in increase of wealth and children - like the example of a rain whose [resulting] plant growth pleases the tillers; then it dries and you see it turned yellow; then it becomes [scattered] debris. And in the Hereafter is severe punishment and forgiveness from Allah and approval. And what is the worldly life except the enjoyment of delusion.
57:21 Al-Hadid
سَابِقُوا إِلَىٰ مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أُعِدَّتْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ
Race toward forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden whose width is like the width of the heavens and earth, prepared for those who believed in Allah and His messengers. That is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty.
57:22 Al-Hadid
مَا أَصَابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَبْرَأَهَا ۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ
No disaster strikes upon the earth or among yourselves except that it is in a register before We bring it into being - indeed that, for Allah, is easy -
57:23 Al-Hadid
لِكَيْلَا تَأْسَوْا عَلَىٰ مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا تَفْرَحُوا بِمَا آتَاكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ
In order that you not despair over what has eluded you and not exult [in pride] over what He has given you. And Allah does not like everyone self-deluded and boastful -
22:1 Al-Hajj
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ زَلْزَلَةَ السَّاعَةِ شَيْءٌ عَظِيمٌ
O mankind, fear your Lord. Indeed, the convulsion of the [final] Hour is a terrible thing.
22:2 Al-Hajj
يَوْمَ تَرَوْنَهَا تَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمَّا أَرْضَعَتْ وَتَضَعُ كُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمْلٍ حَمْلَهَا وَتَرَى النَّاسَ سُكَارَىٰ وَمَا هُمْ بِسُكَارَىٰ وَلَٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ
On the Day you see it every nursing mother will be distracted from that [child] she was nursing, and every pregnant woman will abort her pregnancy, and you will see the people [appearing] intoxicated while they are not intoxicated; but the punishment of Allah is severe.
22:3 Al-Hajj
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ
And of the people is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge and follows every rebellious devil.
22:4 Al-Hajj
كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ تَوَلَّاهُ فَأَنَّهُ يُضِلُّهُ وَيَهْدِيهِ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ
It has been decreed for every devil that whoever turns to him - he will misguide him and will lead him to the punishment of the Blaze.
22:5 Al-Hajj
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِنَ الْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ مُضْغَةٍ مُخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ۖ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا ۚ وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ
O People, if you should be in doubt about the Resurrection, then [consider that] indeed, We created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot, and then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed - that We may show you. And We settle in the wombs whom We will for a specified term, then We bring you out as a child, and then [We develop you] that you may reach your [time of] maturity. And among you is he who is taken in [early] death, and among you is he who is returned to the most decrepit [old] age so that he knows, after [once having] knowledge, nothing. And you see the earth barren, but when We send down upon it rain, it quivers and swells and grows [something] of every beautiful kind.
22:6 Al-Hajj
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّهُ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ وَأَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
That is because Allah is the Truth and because He gives life to the dead and because He is over all things competent
22:7 Al-Hajj
وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ
And [that they may know] that the Hour is coming - no doubt about it - and that Allah will resurrect those in the graves.
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@ 88cc134b:5ae99079
2025-04-24 17:38:04
test
nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpzxvzd935e04fm6g4nqa7dn9qc7nafzlqn4t3t6xgmjkr3dwnyreqqsr98r3ryhw0kdqv6s92c9tcxruc6g9hfjgunnl50gclyyjerv00csna38cs
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@ f1989a96:bcaaf2c1
2025-04-24 16:19:13
Good morning, readers!
In Georgia, mere weeks after freezing the bank accounts of five NGOs supporting pro-democracy movements, the ruling Georgian Dream party passed a new law banning foreign organizations from providing grants to local groups without regime approval. The bill is part of a broader effort to silence dissent and weaken democracy through financial repression.\ \ In Latin America, opposition leader María Corina Machado seeks to rally citizens against Nicolás Maduro’s immensely repressive regime. With the economy and currency in shambles and dozens of military personnel abandoning Maduro, Machado sees an opportunity to challenge his grip on power.
In open source news, we spotlight the release of Bitcoin Core version 29.0, the latest update to the primary software that powers the Bitcoin network and helps millions of people send, receive, and verify Bitcoin transactions every day. This release improves the reliability and compatibility of Bitcoin’s main software implementation. We also cover the unique story of LuckyMiner, an unauthorized Bitaxe clone making waves in Asian markets as demand soars for small, low-cost, home mining equipment — evidence that people want to participate in the Bitcoin network themselves.
We close with the latest edition of the HRF x Pubkey Freedom Tech Series, in which Nicaraguan human rights defender Berta Valle joins HRF’s Arsh Molu to explore how authoritarian regimes weaponize financial systems to silence dissent and isolate opposition voices and how tools like Bitcoin can offer a way out. We also feature an interview with Salvadoran opposition leader Claudia Ortiz, who discusses the erosion of civil liberties under President Nayib Bukele and offers a nuanced take on Bitcoin in the country.
Now, let’s jump right in!
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GLOBAL NEWS
Georgia | Bans Foreign Donations for Nonprofits and NGOs
Mere weeks after freezing the bank accounts of five NGOs supporting pro-democracy demonstrators in recent unrest caused by elections, Georgia’s regime passed a new law that bans foreign organizations from providing “monetary or in-kind grants” to Georgian organizations and individuals without regime approval. Introduced by the increasingly repressive Georgian Dream party, the bill is part of a broader effort (including the controversial foreign agents law passed in 2024) designed to silence dissent and dismantle pro-democracy groups. Rights groups warn these laws will cripple civil society by cutting funding and imposing heavy fines for violators. Last week, parliament also read a bill that would grant officials the power to ban opposition parties entirely. With civil society financially repressed, Georgia is sliding further into tyranny, where free expression, political opposition, and grassroots organizations are under siege.
Venezuela | Opposition Mobilizes Against Maduro’s Financial Repression
Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado is intensifying efforts against Nicolás Maduro’s brutal regime by targeting what she believes are his two greatest vulnerabilities: a collapsing economy and fractures in his repressive apparatus. As the Venezuelan bolivar unravels (reaching a record low in March) and inflation spirals out of control (expected to reach 220% before the end of the year), Maduro’s regime doubles down. It imposes currency controls, expropriates private property, and exerts complete state control over banks. Meanwhile, signs of discontent are growing inside the military, with dozens of personnel reportedly deserting. “I think we have a huge opportunity in front of us, and I see that much closer today than I did a month ago,” Machado said. To rebuild Venezuela’s future, Machado sees financial freedom as essential and has publicly embraced Bitcoin as a tool to resist the regime’s weaponization of money.
India | UPI Outage Disrupts Payments Nationwide
Digital transactions across India were disrupted mid-April as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) experienced its third major outage in the last month. UPI is a government-run system that enables digital payments and underpins India’s push towards a cashless, centralized economy. Fintechs, banks, and institutions plug into UPI as a backbone of their digital infrastructure. Recently, India started integrating its central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital rupee, into UPI, leveraging its existing network effect to expand the reach of state-issued digital money. When a single outage can freeze an entire nation’s ability to transact, it reveals the fragility of centralized infrastructure. By contrast, decentralized money like Bitcoin operates independently of state-run systems and with consistent uptime, giving users the freedom to transact and save permissionlessly.
China | Bitcoin for Me, Not for Thee
China is debating new regulations for handling its growing trove of Bitcoin and other digital assets seized during criminal investigations. While the regime debates how to manage its seized digital assets, the trading of Bitcoin and other digital assets remains banned for Chinese citizens on the mainland. Reports indicate that local governments have quietly sold confiscated Bitcoin and other digital assets through private companies to bolster their dwindling budgets. If true, this exposes the hypocrisy of a regime banning digital assets for its people while exploiting them as a strategic revenue source for the state. This contradiction accentuates the ways authoritarian regimes manipulate financial rules for their own benefit while punishing the public for using the same strategies.
Serbia | Vučić Targets Civil Society as Economy Sinks
As Serbia’s economy stalls and the cost of living remains stubbornly high, President Aleksandar Vučić is escalating his crackdown on civil society to deflect blame and tighten control. After a train station canopy collapse in Novi Sad killed 16 people last November, protests erupted. Serbians, led by students, flooded the streets to protest government corruption, declining civil liberties, and a worsening economy. The protests have since spread across 400 cities, reflecting nationwide discontent. In response, Vučić is now targeting civil society organizations under the pretext of financial misconduct. Law enforcement raided four NGOs that support Serbians’ human rights, the rule of law, and democratic elections.
Russia | Jails Four Journalists for Working With Navalny
A Russian court sentenced four independent Russian journalists to five and a half years in prison for working with the Anti-Corruption Foundation (ACF) — a pro-democracy organization founded by the late opposition leader Alexei Navalny. The journalists — Antonina Favorskaya, Konstantin Gabov, Sergei Karelin, and Artyom Kriger — were convicted in a closed-door trial for associating with an organization the Kremlin deems an “extremist.” The Committee to Protect Journalists condemned the verdict as a “blatant testimony to Russian authorities’ profound contempt for press freedom.” Since it launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Kremlin has increasingly criminalized dissent and financially repressed opposition, nonprofits, and ordinary citizens.
BITCOIN AND FREEDOM TECH NEWS
Flash | Introduces Flash Lightning Addresses, New UI, and Encrypted Messaging
Flash, a Bitcoin Lightning wallet and HRF grantee bringing freedom money to the Caribbean, released its version 0.4.0 beta. This release includes an updated user interface, dedicated Flash Lightning addresses (user @ flashapp.me), and encrypted messaging. The redesigned app is more user-friendly and better suited for users new to Bitcoin. Flash users now receive a verified Lightning address, making it easier to send and receive Bitcoin. The update also adds encrypted nostr messaging, enabling secure communication between users. As authoritarian regimes in the region, like Cuba, tighten control over money, Flash offers a practical and private solution for Bitcoin access.
DahLIAS | New Protocol to Lower the Cost of Private Bitcoin Transactions
Bitcoin developers recently announced DahLIAS, the first protocol designed to enable full cross-input signature aggregation (CISA). CISA is a proposed Bitcoin update that could make private Bitcoin transactions much cheaper. Right now, collaborative transactions are more expensive than typical transactions because each input in a transaction needs its own signature. CISA would allow those signatures to be combined, saving space and reducing fees. But this change would require a soft fork, a safe, backward-compatible software update to Bitcoin’s code. If adopted, CISA could remove the need for users to justify why they want privacy, as the answer would be, to save money. This is especially important for dissidents living under surveillant regimes. DahLIAS could be a breakthrough that helps make privacy more practical for everyone using Bitcoin.
Bitcoin Core | Version 29.0 Now Available for Node Runners
Bitcoin Core is the main software implementation that powers the Bitcoin network and helps millions of people send, receive, and verify transactions every day. The latest update, Bitcoin Core v29.0, introduces changes to improve network stability and performance. The release helps keep the network stable even when not everyone updates simultaneously. Further, it reduces the chances that nodes (computers that run the Bitcoin software) accidentally restart — an issue that can interrupt network participation. It also adds support for full Replace-by-Fee (RBF), allowing users to increase the fee on stuck transactions in times of high network demand. Enhancing Bitcoin’s reliability, usability, and security ensures that individuals in oppressive regimes or unstable financial systems can access a permissionless and censorship-resistant monetary network. Learn more about the update here.
Nstart | Releases Multilingual Support
Nstart, a new tool that simplifies onboarding to nostr — a decentralized and censorship-resistant social network protocol — released multilingual support. It added Spanish, Italian, French, Dutch, and Mandarin as languages. This update broadens access by making the onboarding experience available to a wider audience — especially those living under dictatorships across Africa, Latin America, and Asia, where communication and press freedom are heavily restricted. Users can even contribute translations themselves. Overall, multilingual support makes Nstart a more powerful tool for activists and organizations operating under authoritarian environments, offering guided, straightforward access to uncensorable communications.
Bitcoin Chiang Mai | Release Bitcoin Education Podcast
Bitcoin Chiang Mai, a grassroots Bitcoin community in Thailand, launched an educational podcast to teach Bitcoin in Thai. In a country where financial repression is on the rise and the regime is experimenting with a programmable central bank digital currency (CBDC), this podcast offers an educational lifeline. By making Bitcoin knowledge and tools more accessible, the show empowers Thais to explore alternatives to state-controlled financial systems. It’s a grassroots effort to preserve financial freedom and encourage open dialogue in an increasingly controlled economic environment. Check it out here.
LuckyMiner | Undisclosed Bitaxe Clone Gaining Popularity in Asia
LuckyMiner, a Bitcoin mining startup out of Shenzhen, China is shaking up Asia’s Bitcoin hardware scene with a rogue twist. What began as a hobby project in 2023 has since exploded into a full-scale operation, manufacturing and selling thousands of undisclosed Bitaxe clones (which are small, affordable bitcoin miners based on the Bitaxe design). While Bitaxe is open-source, it’s licensed under CERN-OHL-S-2.0, requiring any modifications to be made public. LuckyMiner ignored that rule and the founder has openly admitted to breaking the license. Despite that, LuckyMiner is succeeding anyway, fueled by growing demand for affordable home mining equipment. While controversial, the rise of low-cost miners signals grassroots interest in Bitcoin, especially at a time when Asia grapples with growing authoritarianism and financial repression.
RECOMMENDED CONTENT
HRF x Pubkey — Bitcoin as a Tool to Fight Financial Repression in Autocracies with Berta Valle
In the latest HRF x Pubkey Freedom Tech series, Nicaraguan human rights defender and journalist Berta Valle joins HRF’s Arsh Molu to discuss how Bitcoin empowers individuals to resist the financial repression of authoritarian regimes. From helping families receive remittances when bank accounts are frozen to enabling independent media and activists to fund their work without regime interference, Bitcoin is quietly reshaping what resistance can look like under tyranny. Watch the full fireside chat here.
Claudia Ortiz: A Voice of Opposition in Bukele’s El Salvador
In this interview, analyst and journalist Marius Farashi Tasooji speaks to Salvadoran opposition leader Claudia Ortiz about President Bukele’s consolidation of power, the erosion of civil liberties, and the future of Bitcoin in the country. While Ortiz acknowledges Bitcoin’s potential as a tool for freedom, she critiques the current administration’s opaque and heavy-handed implementation of it. Ortiz explains her opposition to the Bitcoin Law, citing concerns about transparency and accountability, and outlines what she would do differently if elected president. Watch the full conversation here.
If this article was forwarded to you and you enjoyed reading it, please consider subscribing to the Financial Freedom Report here.
Support the newsletter by donating bitcoin to HRF’s Financial Freedom program via BTCPay.\ Want to contribute to the newsletter? Submit tips, stories, news, and ideas by emailing us at ffreport @ hrf.org
The Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) is accepting grant proposals on an ongoing basis. The Bitcoin Development Fund is looking to support Bitcoin developers, community builders, and educators. Submit proposals here.
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@ 57c631a3:07529a8e
2025-04-24 14:28:40
Painting by Early Fern, shared by Marine Eyes
It is difficult to get the news from poems yet men die miserably every day for lack of what is found there.—William Carlos Williams
April, the month Eliot famously deemed the cruelest, is kindest to poetry. It’s when we nationally awaken to poetry’s efforts to capture the human experience in all its messy contradictions, leaning into uncertainty and wonder and bringing readers along for the ride.
Williams’s adage pairs beautifully with Ezra Pound’s assertion that “Poetry is news that stays news.” Poetry* gives readers the most immediate and urgent hotline to feeling. Big emotions turn us instinctively, like human sunflowers, toward poems, which are singularly compact vehicles for thinking and feeling. They have a knack for distilling our existential questions and putting all that wondering to music—after all, the term lyric poetry comes from the lyre,* which accompanied the recitation of poetry in antiquity.
On Substack, poets shed the constraints of traditional publishing timelines, sharing works in progress and experimenting in real time. What arises isn’t just a collection of newsletters but a living anthology of established voices and emerging talents in conversation with one another and their readers. If you’re still not convinced that poetry is for you (it is!), I created a primer of Poems for Those Who Don’t “Get” Poetry. But beyond that gateway, Substack presents countless paths to discover the poems that will speak directly to you—from translation projects that breathe new life into ancient verse to craft discussions that demystify the process. Allow me to introduce you to a few of my favorites.
Poetry in progress
Quiddity: a word I love. It means “the inherent nature or essence of someone or something.” The you-ness of you. That is what the best poets translate through their writing—formal or free verse, ruminative or praising, expansive or brief. It’s the way one listens to the singular voice channeled through them** and delivers that voice alive on the page.
This is the foundation for the widest category of poetry on Substack. No two posts are alike: you might get the intimacy of seeing work that could later make its way into books, hearing poets muse about their writing lives, or watching notes and fragments coalesce into longer lyric explorations.
is one of the best-known poets on Substack, offering devoted readers a mix of never-before-seen work and poems from past collections. And his commitment to Substack’s potential as a propagator of new writing is especially inspiring to emerging writers.
Being witness to commitment and experimentation, that magical balance between discipline and freedom to explore, is riveting. I so admire , translator and former Random House editor ’s long-standing project to chronicle daily life:
Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published4.11.25
what I so desired I can’t have
thank you blessed stars
Andrea Gibson’s gorgeously smart features videos of the poet reciting their work and contemplating illness, resilience, and the role that poetry plays in capturing duress, heartbreak, and hope. Here they are reading their poem “What Love Is”:
I was thrilled to see former U.S. Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith join Substack recently. She’s already sharing poems, works in progress, and essays. Hear her reading a new poem, “I Don’t Believe in Doom,” here:
Then there’s , an ambitious translation project by , a writer dedicated to bringing these ancient poems from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) to a contemporary audience. Hyun Woo translates one poem from the collection every week. Here’s one of my favorites, number 55:
The Farewell to Those Who Will Stay at a Tavern of JinlingThe wind blows the willow flowers, filling the inn with fragrance;The ladies of Wu press the liquor, calling to the guests to try.The young men of Jinling come and see each other off;Those who will go, those who will not, each empty his goblet.I invite you to ask the water flowing east, to test it:Which is short and which is long, the thoughts of farewell or itself?
Curators and craft
The poet-as-curator offers us an assortment of poems organized by their own idiosyncratic logic. It’s like receiving the perfect mixtape: songs you’ve known and loved for years, and others you’re grateful to discover for the first time. Chances are good that within any given roundup, at least one poem will speak to you, introducing you to a new voice.
’s is one of my go-tos. He has a phenomenal reader’s eye for juxtapositions that span ages, styles, and modes, creating unexpected—and delightful—tensions and correspondences. His thematic roundups extend far beyond expected subjects like love and death to more nuanced territories like therapy (“This is progress”) and mood (“Puff out the hot-air balloon now”). Through Sean, I was reminded to revisit one of my favorite Audre Lorde poems:
Shared in “This is progress” by Sean Singer
In my own newsletter, , I do something similar: curating Poems for Your Weekend around themes that serve as a prescription for your mind or soul, while exploring how neuroscience and mindset can help us live more sustainable and enriching artistic lives. Through it all, I write about the role of wonder in poetry, the subject of my PhD.
For subtle close readings of poems through the lens of life rather than the ivory tower, I turn to ’s , with its deeply thoughtful essays on the poems he selects each week. His recent post on the poems of Linda Pastan includes this gorgeous poem from Insomnia:
Imaginary ConversationText within this block will maintain its original spacing when publishedYou tell me to live each day as if it were my last. This is in the kitchen where before coffee I complain of the day ahead—that obstacle race of minutes and hours, grocery stores and doctors.
But why the last? I ask. Why not live each day as if it were the first— all raw astonishment, Eve rubbing her eyes awake that first morning, the sun coming up like an ingénue in the east?
You grind the coffee with the small roar of a mind trying to clear itself. I set the table, glance out the window where dew has baptized every living surface.
I love Devin’s remarks: “why the last is the kind of question I adore, a question that does not assume it knows what we are supposedly supposed to know, a question that mirthfully pushes back against the world, and wonders aloud about astonishment in the face of certainty.”
For those interested in craft, literary powerhouse recently joined Substack and is already offering excellent writing exercises, as helpful for readers hoping to understand poetry as for poets creating their own. His Exercise 036: Begin with the End introduced even this poetry veteran to a new term: anadiplosis! is a resource-rich space, featuring interviews, classes, craft essays, and more. A large group of poets and readers has gathered to take advantage, creating a vibrant community. And a special shoutout in this section to , a poet whose candid essays on navigating both the publishing and dating world as a woman are their own kind of education on living more bravely and authentically.
Final thoughts
Whether encountered in an anthology or a newsletter, poems remind us of what Williams knew: that vital truths exist within their lines that we can find nowhere else. And there’s a special joy in reading them on Substack, where poets find renewed pleasure in publishing on their own terms, and where readers can witness the process and join the discussion. The digital format extends poetry’s reach, bringing these voices to new audiences who might not normally encounter them. Here, poets and readers are participating in poetry’s oldest tradition: the passing of essential truths from one human heart to another. I hope you’ll join us. https://connect-test.layer3.press/articles/4e5d2cee-8bd4-4fb0-9331-48bbeded3a47
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@ e4950c93:1b99eccd
2025-04-24 12:07:49
Heureu-x-se d’avoir trouvé une information utile sur ce site ?
Soutenez le projet en faisant un don pour le faire vivre et remercier les contribut-eur-rice-s.
En bitcoin
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Sur la blockchain : bc1qkm8me8l9563wvsl9sklzt4hdcuny3tlejznj7d
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Réseau lightning : ⚡️
origin-nature@coinos.ioVous pouvez aussi nous soutenir de manière récurrente 👉 Créer un paiement Lightning récurrent
En euros, dollars, ou toute autre monnaie prise en charge
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Par virement, IBAN : FR76 2823 3000 0144 3759 8717 669
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Vous pouvez aussi nous soutenir de manière récurrente 👉 Faire une promesse sur LiberaPay
Contactez-nous si vous souhaitez faire un don avec toute autre cryptomonnaie.
💡 Un modèle de partage de la valeur
La moitié des dons est redistribuée aux contribut-eur-rice-s qui créent la valeur du site, pour expérimenter un modèle de partage de revenus sur Internet — un modèle qui respecte vos données et ne cherche pas à capter votre attention. L’autre moitié permet de couvrir les frais de fonctionnement du site.
Cet article est publié sur origine-nature.com 🌐 See this article in English
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@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35
2025-04-24 10:49:41
Tucked away in the rolling hills of southern France’s Hérault department, Montpeyroux is a charming medieval village known for its peaceful atmosphere, beautiful stone houses, and excellent Languedoc wines. It’s the kind of place where time seems to slow down, making it perfect for a relaxed stop on a southern France road trip.
🏡 Why Visit Montpeyroux?
🪨 Authentic Medieval Character
- Wander narrow cobbled streets lined with honey-colored stone houses
- Visit the remains of a medieval castle and old tower that offer stunning views over vineyards and hills
- A tranquil place that feels untouched by time
🍷 Wine Culture
- Surrounded by prestigious vineyards producing Coteaux du Languedoc wines
- Stop by local caves (wineries) to taste bold reds and crisp whites—many with stunning views over the valley
- Don’t miss the annual wine festivals and open cellars
🌄 Scenic Location
- Located near the Gorges de l’Hérault, perfect for hiking, swimming, or kayaking
- Just a short drive from Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, one of France’s most beautiful villages
- Great base for exploring the natural beauty of Occitanie
🍽️ Where to Eat
- Enjoy local cuisine at cozy bistros—think grilled lamb, duck confit, olives, and regional cheeses
- Many places serve seasonal dishes paired with local wines
🚗 Getting There
- Around 45 minutes by car from Montpellier
- Best explored by car as public transport is limited, but the countryside drive is worth it
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@ 8cda1daa:e9e5bdd8
2025-04-24 10:20:13
Bitcoin cracked the code for money. Now it's time to rebuild everything else.
What about identity, trust, and collaboration? What about the systems that define how we live, create, and connect?
Bitcoin gave us a blueprint to separate money from the state. But the state still owns most of your digital life. It's time for something more radical.
Welcome to the Atomic Economy - not just a technology stack, but a civil engineering project for the digital age. A complete re-architecture of society, from the individual outward.
The Problem: We Live in Digital Captivity
Let's be blunt: the modern internet is hostile to human freedom.
You don't own your identity. You don't control your data. You don't decide what you see.
Big Tech and state institutions dominate your digital life with one goal: control.
- Poisoned algorithms dictate your emotions and behavior.
- Censorship hides truth and silences dissent.
- Walled gardens lock you into systems you can't escape.
- Extractive platforms monetize your attention and creativity - without your consent.
This isn't innovation. It's digital colonization.
A Vision for Sovereign Society
The Atomic Economy proposes a new design for society - one where: - Individuals own their identity, data, and value. - Trust is contextual, not imposed. - Communities are voluntary, not manufactured by feeds. - Markets are free, not fenced. - Collaboration is peer-to-peer, not platform-mediated.
It's not a political revolution. It's a technological and social reset based on first principles: self-sovereignty, mutualism, and credible exit.
So, What Is the Atomic Economy?
The Atomic Economy is a decentralized digital society where people - not platforms - coordinate identity, trust, and value.
It's built on open protocols, real software, and the ethos of Bitcoin. It's not about abstraction - it's about architecture.
Core Principles: - Self-Sovereignty: Your keys. Your data. Your rules. - Mutual Consensus: Interactions are voluntary and trust-based. - Credible Exit: Leave any system, with your data and identity intact. - Programmable Trust: Trust is explicit, contextual, and revocable. - Circular Economies: Value flows directly between individuals - no middlemen.
The Tech Stack Behind the Vision
The Atomic Economy isn't just theory. It's a layered system with real tools:
1. Payments & Settlement
- Bitcoin & Lightning: The foundation - sound, censorship-resistant money.
- Paykit: Modular payments and settlement flows.
- Atomicity: A peer-to-peer mutual credit protocol for programmable trust and IOUs.
2. Discovery & Matching
- Pubky Core: Decentralized identity and discovery using PKARR and the DHT.
- Pubky Nexus: Indexing for a user-controlled internet.
- Semantic Social Graph: Discovery through social tagging - you are the algorithm.
3. Application Layer
- Bitkit: A self-custodial Bitcoin and Lightning wallet.
- Pubky App: Tag, publish, trade, and interact - on your terms.
- Blocktank: Liquidity services for Lightning and circular economies.
- Pubky Ring: Key-based access control and identity syncing.
These tools don't just integrate - they stack. You build trust, exchange value, and form communities with no centralized gatekeepers.
The Human Impact
This isn't about software. It's about freedom.
- Empowered Individuals: Control your own narrative, value, and destiny.
- Voluntary Communities: Build trust on shared values, not enforced norms.
- Economic Freedom: Trade without permission, borders, or middlemen.
- Creative Renaissance: Innovation and art flourish in open, censorship-resistant systems.
The Atomic Economy doesn't just fix the web. It frees the web.
Why Bitcoiners Should Care
If you believe in Bitcoin, you already believe in the Atomic Economy - you just haven't seen the full map yet.
- It extends Bitcoin's principles beyond money: into identity, trust, coordination.
- It defends freedom where Bitcoin leaves off: in content, community, and commerce.
- It offers a credible exit from every centralized system you still rely on.
- It's how we win - not just economically, but culturally and socially.
This isn't "web3." This isn't another layer of grift. It's the Bitcoin future - fully realized.
Join the Atomic Revolution
- If you're a builder: fork the code, remix the ideas, expand the protocols.
- If you're a user: adopt Bitkit, use Pubky, exit the digital plantation.
- If you're an advocate: share the vision. Help people imagine a free society again.
Bitcoin promised a revolution. The Atomic Economy delivers it.
Let's reclaim society, one key at a time.
Learn more and build with us at Synonym.to.
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@ 10f7c7f7:f5683da9
2025-04-24 10:07:09
The first time I received a paycheque from a full-time job, after being told in the interview I would be earning one amount, the amount I received was around 25% less; you’re not in Kansas anymore, welcome to the real work and TAX. Over the years, I’ve continued to pay my taxes, as a good little citizen, and at certain points along the way, I have paid considerable amounts of tax, because I wouldn’t want to break the law by not paying my taxes. Tax is necessary for a civilised society, they say. I’m told, who will pay, at least in the UK, for the NHS, who will pay for the roads, who will pay for the courts, the military, the police, if I don’t pay my taxes? But let’s be honest, apart from those who pay very little to no tax, who, in a society actually gets good value for money out of the taxes they pay, or hears of a government institution that operates efficiently and effectively? Alternatively, imagine if the government didn’t have control of a large military budget, would they be quite so keen to deploy the young of our country into harm’s way, in the name of national security or having streets in Ukraine named after them for their generous donations of munition paid with someone else’s money?
While I’m only half-way through the excellent “Fiat Standard”, I’m well aware that many of these issues have been driven by the ability of those in charge to not only enforce and increase taxation at will, but also, if ends don’t quite meet, print the difference, however, these are rather abstract and high-level ideas for my small engineer’s brain. What has really brought this into sharp focus for me is the impending sale of my first house, that at the age of 25, I was duly provided a 40-year mortgage and was required to sign a form acknowledging that I would still be paying the mortgage after my retirement age. Fortunately for me, thanks to the government now changing the national age of retirement from 65 to 70 (so stealing 5 years of my retirement), in practice this form didn’t need to be signed, lucky me? Even so, what type of person would knowingly put another person in a situation where near 40% of their wage would mainly be paying interest to the bank (which as a side note was bailed out only a few years later). The unpleasant taste really became unbearable when even after being put into this “working life” sentence of debt repayment, was, even with the amount I’d spent on the house (debt interest and maintenance) over the subsequent 19 years, only able to provide a rate of return of less than 1.6%, compared to the average official (bullshit) inflation figure of 2.77%. My house has not kept up with inflation and to add insult to financial injury, His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs feel the need to take their portion of this “profit”.
At which point, I take a very deep breath, sit quietly for a moment, and channel my inner Margot, deciding against grabbing a bottle of bootleg antiseptic to both clear my pallet and dull the pain. I had been convinced I needed to get on the housing ladder to save, but the government has since printed billions, with the rate of, even the conservative estimates of inflation, out pacing my meagre returns on property, and after all that blood, sweet, tears and dust, covering my poor dog, “the law” states some of that money is theirs. I wasn’t able to save in the money that they could print at will, I worked very hard, I took risks and the reward I get is to give them even more money to fritter away of things that won’t benefit me. But, I don’t want your sympathy, I don’t need it, but it helped me to get a new perspective on capital gains, particularly when considered in relation to bitcoin. So, to again draw from Ms. Paez, who herself was drawing from everyone’s favourite Joker, Heath Ledger, not Rachel Reeves (or J. Powell), here we go.
The Sovereign Individual is by no means an easy read, but is absolutely fascinating, providing clear critiques of the system that at the time was only in its infancy, but predicting many aspects of today’s world, with shocking accuracy. One of the most striking parts for me was the critique and effect of taxation (specifically progressive forms) on the prosperity of a nation at large. At an individual level, people have a proportion of their income removed, to be spent by the government, out of the individuals’ control. The person who has applied their efforts, abilities and skills to earn a living is unable to decide how best to utilise a portion of the resources into the future. While this is an accepted reality, the authors’ outline the cumulative, compound impact of forfeiting such a large portion of your wage each year, leading to figures that are near unimaginable to anyone without a penchant for spreadsheets or an understanding of exponential growth. Now, if we put this into the context of the entrepreneur, identifying opportunities, taking on personal and business risk, whenever a profit is realised, whether through normal sales or when realising value from capital appreciation, they must pay a portion of this in tax. While there are opportunities to reinvest this back into the organisation, there may be no immediate investment opportunities for them to offset their current tax bill. As a result, the entrepreneurs are hampered from taking the fruits of their labour and compounding the results of their productivity, forced to fund the social programmes of a government pursuing aims that are misaligned with individuals running their own business. Resources are removed from the most productive individuals in the society, adding value, employing staff, to those who may have limited knowledge of the economic realities of business; see Oxbridge Scholars, with experience in NGOs or charities, for more details please see Labour’s current front bench. What was that Labour? Ah yes, let’s promote growth by taxing companies more and making it more difficult to get rid of unproductive staff, exactly the policies every small business owner has been asking for (Budget October 2024).
Now, for anyone on NOSTR, none of this is new, a large portion of Nostriches were orange pilled long before taking their first purple pill of decentralise Notes and Other Stuff. However, if we’re aware of this system that has been put in place to steal our earnings and confiscate our winnings if we have been able to outwit the Keynesian trap western governments have chosen to give themselves more power, how can we progress? What options do we have? a) being locked up for non-payment of taxes by just spending bitcoin, to hell with paying taxes or b) spend/sell (:/), but keeping a record of those particular coins you bought multiple years ago, in order to calculate your gain and hand over YOUR money the follow tax year, so effectively increasing the cost of anything purchased in bitcoin. Please note, I’m making a conscious effort not to say what should be done, everyone needs to make decisions based on their knowledge and their understanding.
Anyway, option a) is not as flippant as one might think, but also not something one should (damn it) do carelessly. One bitcoin equals one bitcoin, bitcoin is money, as a result, it neither increases nor decreases is value, it is fiat currencies that varies wildly in comparison. If we think about gold, the purchasing power of gold has remained relatively consistent over hundreds of years, gold is viewed as money, which (as a side note) results in Royal Mint gold coins being both exempt of VAT and capital gains tax. While I may consider this from a, while not necessarily biased, but definitely pro-bitcoin perspective, I believe that it is extremely logical for transactions that take place in bitcoin should not require “profits” or “losses” to be reports, but this is where my logic and the treasury’s grabbiness are inconsistent. If what you’re buying is priced in bitcoin, you’re trading goods or services for money, there was no realisation of gains. Having said that, if you choose to do this, best not do any spending from a stack with a connection to an exchange and your identify. When tax collectors (and their government masters) end up not having enough money, they may begin exploring whether those people buying bitcoin from exchanges are also spending it.
But why is this relevant or important? For me and from hearing from many people on podcasts, while not impossible and not actually that difficult, recording gains on each transaction is firstly a barrier for spending bitcoin, it is additional effort, admin and not insignificant cost, and no one likes that. Secondly, from my libertarian leaning perspective, tax is basically the seizure of assets under the threat of incarceration (aka theft), with the government spending that money on crap I don’t give a shit about, meaning I don’t want to help fund their operation more than I already do. The worry is, if I pay more taxes, they think they’re getting good at collecting taxes, they increase taxes, use taxes to employ more tax collectors, rinse and repeat. From this perspective, it is almost my duty not to report when I transact in bitcoin, viewing it as plain and simple, black-market money, where the government neither dictates what I can do with it, nor profit from its appreciation.
The result of this is not the common mantra of never sell your bitcoin, because I, for one, am looking forward to ditching the fiat grind and having more free time driving an interesting 90’s sports car or riding a new mountain bike, which I will need money to be fund. Unless I’m going to take a fair bit of tax evasion-based risk, find some guys who will only accept my KYC free bitcoin and then live off the grid, I’ll need to find another way, which unfortunately may require engaging once more with the fiat system. However, this time, rather than selling bitcoin to buy fiat, looking for financial product providers who offer loans against bitcoin held. This is nothing new, having been a contributing factors to the FTX blow up, and the drawdown of 2022, the logic of such products is solid and the secret catalyst to Mark Moss’s (and others) buy, borrow, die strategy. The difference this time is to earn from our mistakes, to choose the right company and maybe hand over our private keys (multisig is a beautiful thing). The key benefit of this is that by taking a loan, you’re not realising capital gains, so do not create a taxable event. While there is likely to be an interest on any loan, this only makes sense if this is considerably less than either the capital gains rate incurred if you sold the bitcoin or the long-term capital appreciation of the bitcoin you didn’t have to sell, it has to be an option worth considering.
Now, this is interacting with the fiat system, it does involve the effective printing of money and depending on the person providing the loan, there is risk, however, there are definitely some positives, even outside the not inconsiderable, “tax free” nature of this money. Firstly, by borrowing fiat money, you are increasing the money supply, while devaluing all other holders of that currency, which effectively works against fiat governments, causing them to forever print harder to stop themselves going into a deflationary nose drive. The second important aspect is that if you have not had to sell your bitcoin, you have removed sell pressure from the market and buying pressure that would strengthen the fiat currency, so further supporting the stack you have not had to sell.
Now, let’s put this in the context of The Sovereign Individual or the entrepreneurial bitcoiner, who took a risk before fully understanding what they were buying and has now benefiting financially. The barrier of tax-based admin or the reticence to support government operations through paying additional tax are not insignificant, which the loan has allowed you to effectively side step, keeping more value of your holdings to allocate as you see fit. While this may involve the setting up of a new business that itself may drive productive growth, even if all you did was spend that money (such as a sport car or a new bike), this could still be a net, economic positive compared to a large portion of that money being sucked into the government spending black hole. While the government would not be receiving that tax revenue, every retailer, manufacturer or service provider would benefit from this additional business. Rather than the tax money going toward interest costs or civil servant wages, the money would go towards the real businesses you have chosen, their staff’s wages, who are working hard to outcompete their peers. Making this choice to not pay capital gains does not just allow bitcoiner to save money and to a small degree, reduce government funding, but also provides a cash injection to those companies who may still be reeling from minimum wage AND national insurance increases.
I’m not an ethicist, so am unable to provide a clear, concise, philosophical argument to explain why the ability of government to steal from you via the processes of monetary inflation as well as an ever-increasing tax burden in immoral, but I hope this provides a new perspective on the situation. I don’t believe increases in taxes support economic development (it literally does the opposite), I don’t believe that individuals should be penalised for working hard, challenging themselves, taking risks and succeeding. However, I’m not in charge of the system and also appreciate that if any major changes were to take place, the consequences would be significant (we’re talking Mandibles time). I believe removing capital gains tax from bitcoin would be a net positive for the economy and there being precedence based on the UK’s currently position with gold coins, but unfortunately, I don’t believe people in the cabinet think as I do, they see people with assets and pound signs ring up at their eyes.
As a result, my aim moving forward will be to think carefully before making purchases or sales that will incur capital gains tax (no big Lambo purchase for me at the top), but also being willing the promote the bitcoin economy by purchasing products and services with bitcoin. To do this, I’ll double confirm that spend/replace techniques actually get around capital gains by effectively using the payment rails of bitcoin to transfer value rather than to sell your bitcoin. This way, I will get to reward and promote those companies to perform at a level that warrants a little more effort with payment, without it costing me an additional 18-24% in tax later on.
So, to return to where we started and my first pay-cheque. We need to work to earn a living, but as we earn more, an ever-greater proportion is taken from us, and we are at risk of becoming stuck in a never ending fiat cycle. In the past, this was more of an issue, leading people into speculating on property or securities, which, if successful, would then incur further taxes, which will likely be spent by governments on liabilities or projects that add zero net benefits to national citizens. Apologies if you see this as a negative, but please don’t, this is the alternative to adopting a unit of account that cannot be inflated away. If you have begun to measure your wealth in bitcoin, there will be a point where you need to start to start spending. I for one, do not intend to die with my private keys in my head, but having lived a life, turbo charged by the freedom bitcoin has offered me. Bitcoin backed loans are returning to the market, with hopefully a little less risk this time around. There may be blow ups, but once they get established and interest costs start to be competed away, I will first of all acknowledge remaining risks and then not allocate 100% of my stack. Rather than being the one true bitcoiner who has never spent a sat, I will use the tools at my disposal to firstly give my family their best possible lives and secondly, not fund the government more than I need to.
Then, by the time I’m ready to leave this earth, there will be less money for me to leave to my family, but then again, the tax man would again come knocking, looking to gloat over my demise and add to my family’s misery with an outstretched hand. Then again, this piece is about capital gains rather than inheritance tax, so we can leave those discussions for another time.
This is not financial advice, please consult a financial/tax advisor before spending and replacing without filing taxes and don’t send your bitcoin to any old fella who says they’ll return it once you’ve paThe first time I received a paycheque from a full-time job, after being told in the interview I would be earning one amount, the amount I received was around 25% less; you’re not in Kansas anymore, welcome to the real work and TAX. Over the years, I’ve continued to pay my taxes, as a good little citizen, and at certain points along the way, I have paid considerable amounts of tax, because I wouldn’t want to break the law by not paying my taxes. Tax is necessary for a civilised society, they say. I’m told, who will pay, at least in the UK, for the NHS, who will pay for the roads, who will pay for the courts, the military, the police, if I don’t pay my taxes? But let’s be honest, apart from those who pay very little to no tax, who, in a society actually gets good value for money out of the taxes they pay, or hears of a government institution that operates efficiently and effectively? Alternatively, imagine if the government didn’t have control of a large military budget, would they be quite so keen to deploy the young of our country into harm’s way, in the name of national security or having streets in Ukraine named after them for their generous donations of munition paid with someone else’s money? While I’m only half-way through the excellent “Fiat Standard”, I’m well aware that many of these issues have been driven by the ability of those in charge to not only enforce and increase taxation at will, but also, if ends don’t quite meet, print the difference, however, these are rather abstract and high-level ideas for my small engineer’s brain. What has really brought this into sharp focus for me is the impending sale of my first house, that at the age of 25, I was duly provided a 40-year mortgage and was required to sign a form acknowledging that I would still be paying the mortgage after my retirement age. Fortunately for me, thanks to the government now changing the national age of retirement from 65 to 70 (so stealing 5 years of my retirement), in practice this form didn’t need to be signed, lucky me? Even so, what type of person would knowingly put another person in a situation where near 40% of their wage would mainly be paying interest to the bank (which as a side note was bailed out only a few years later). The unpleasant taste really became unbearable when even after being put into this “working life” sentence of debt repayment, was, even with the amount I’d spent on the house (debt interest and maintenance) over the subsequent 19 years, only able to provide a rate of return of less than 1.6%, compared to the average official (bullshit) inflation figure of 2.77%. My house has not kept up with inflation and to add insult to financial injury, His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs feel the need to take their portion of this “profit”.
At which point, I take a very deep breath, sit quietly for a moment, and channel my inner Margot, deciding against grabbing a bottle of bootleg antiseptic to both clear my pallet and dull the pain. I had been convinced I needed to get on the housing ladder to save, but the government has since printed billions, with the rate of, even the conservative estimates of inflation, out pacing my meagre returns on property, and after all that blood, sweet, tears and dust, covering my poor dog, “the law” states some of that money is theirs. I wasn’t able to save in the money that they could print at will, I worked very hard, I took risks and the reward I get is to give them even more money to fritter away of things that won’t benefit me. But, I don’t want your sympathy, I don’t need it, but it helped me to get a new perspective on capital gains, particularly when considered in relation to bitcoin. So, to again draw from Ms. Paez, who herself was drawing from everyone’s favourite Joker, Heath Ledger, not Rachel Reeves (or J. Powell), here we go.
The Sovereign Individual is by no means an easy reaD, but is absolutely fascinating, providing clear critiques of the system that at the time was only in its infancy, but predicting many aspects of today’s world, with shocking accuracy. One of the most striking parts for me was the critique and effect of taxation (specifically progressive forms) on the prosperity of a nation at large. At an individual level, people have a proportion of their income removed, to be spent by the government, out of the individuals’ control. The person who has applied their efforts, abilities and skills to earn a living is unable to decide how best to utilise a portion of the resources into the future. While this is an accepted reality, the authors’ outline the cumulative, compound impact of forfeiting such a large portion of your wage each year, leading to figures that are near unimaginable to anyone without a penchant for spreadsheets or an understanding of exponential growth. Now, if we put this into the context of the entrepreneur, identifying opportunities, taking on personal and business risk, whenever a profit is realised, whether through normal sales or when realising value from capital appreciation, they must pay a portion of this in tax. While there are opportunities to reinvest this back into the organisation, there may be no immediate investment opportunities for them to offset their current tax bill. As a result, the entrepreneurs are hampered from taking the fruits of their labour and compounding the results of their productivity, forced to fund the social programmes of a government pursuing aims that are misaligned with individuals running their own business. Resources are removed from the most productive individuals in the society, adding value, employing staff, to those who may have limited knowledge of the economic realities of business; see Oxbridge Scholars, with experience in NGOs or charities, for more details please see Labour’s current front bench. What was that Labour? Ah yes, let’s promote growth by taxing companies more and making it more difficult to get rid of unproductive staff, exactly the policies every small business owner has been asking for (Budget October 2024).
Now, for anyone on NOSTR, none of this is new, a large portion of Nostriches were orange pilled long before taking their first purple pill of decentralise Notes and Other Stuff. However, if we’re aware of this system that has been put in place to steal our earnings and confiscate our winnings if we have been able to outwit the Keynesian trap western governments have chosen to give themselves more power, how can we progress? What options do we have? a) being locked up for non-payment of taxes by just spending bitcoin, to hell with paying taxes or b) spend/sell (:/), but keeping a record of those particular coins you bought multiple years ago, in order to calculate your gain and hand over YOUR money the follow tax year, so effectively increasing the cost of anything purchased in bitcoin. Please note, I’m making a conscious effort not to say what should be done, everyone needs to make decisions based on their knowledge and their understanding.
Anyway, option a) is not as flippant as one might think, but also not something one should (damn it) do carelessly. One bitcoin equals one bitcoin, bitcoin is money, as a result, it neither increases nor decreases is value, it is fiat currencies that varies wildly in comparison. If we think about gold, the purchasing power of gold has remained relatively consistent over hundreds of years, gold is viewed as money, which (as a side note) results in Royal Mint gold coins being both exempt of VAT and capital gains tax. While I may consider this from a, while not necessarily biased, but definitely pro-bitcoin perspective, I believe that it is extremely logical for transactions that take place in bitcoin should not require “profits” or “losses” to be reports, but this is where my logic and the treasury’s grabbiness are inconsistent. If what you’re buying is priced in bitcoin, you’re trading goods or services for money, there was no realisation of gains. Having said that, if you choose to do this, best not do any spending from a stack with a connection to an exchange and your identify. When tax collectors (and their government masters) end up not having enough money, they may begin exploring whether those people buying bitcoin form exchanges are also spending it.
But why is this relevant or important? For me and from hearing from many people on podcasts, while not impossible and not actually that difficult, recording gains on each transaction is firstly a barrier for spending bitcoin, it is additional effort, admin and not insignificant cost, and no one likes that. Secondly, from my libertarian leaning perspective, tax is basically the seizure of assets under the threat of incarceration (aka theft), with the government spending that money on crap I don’t give a shit about, meaning I don’t want to help fund their operation more than I already do. The worry is, if I pay more taxes, they think they’re getting good at collecting taxes, they increase taxes, use taxes to employ more tax collectors, rinse and repeat. From this perspective, it is almost my duty not to report when I transact in bitcoin, viewing it as plain and simple, black-market money, where the government neither dictates what I can do with it, nor profit from its appreciation.
The result of this is not the common mantra of never sell your bitcoin, because I, for one, am looking forward to ditching the fiat grind and having more free time driving an interesting 90’s sports car or riding a new mountain bike, which I will need money to be fund. Unless I’m going to take a fair bit of tax evasion-based risk, find some guys who will only accept my KYC free bitcoin and then live off the grid, I’ll need to find another way, which unfortunately may require engaging once more with the fiat system. However, this time, rather than selling bitcoin to buy fiat, looking for financial product providers who offer loans against bitcoin held. This is nothing new, having been a contributing factors to the FTX blow up, and the drawdown of 2022, the logic of such products is solid and the secret catalyst to Mark Moss’s (and others) buy, borrow, die strategy. The difference this time is to earn from our mistakes, to choose the right company and maybe hand over our private keys (multisig is a beautiful thing). The key benefit of this is that by taking a loan, you’re not realising capital gains, so do not create a taxable event. While there is likely to be an interest on any loan, this only makes sense if this is considerably less than either the capital gains rate incurred if you sold the bitcoin or the long-term capital appreciation of the bitcoin you didn’t have to sell, it has to be an option worth considering.
Now, this is interacting with the fiat system, it does involve the effective printing of money and depending on the person providing the loan, there is risk, however, there are definitely some positives, even outside the not inconsiderable, “tax free” nature of this money. Firstly, by borrowing fiat money, you are increasing the money supply, while devaluing all other holders of that currency, which effectively works against fiat governments, causing them to forever print harder to stop themselves going into a deflationary nose drive. The second important aspect is that if you have not had to sell your bitcoin, you have removed sell pressure from the market and buying pressure that would strengthen the fiat currency, so further supporting the stack you have not had to sell. Now, let’s put this in the context of The Sovereign Individual or the entrepreneurial bitcoiner, who took a risk before fully understanding what they were buying and has now benefiting financially. The barrier of tax-based admin or the reticence to support government operations through paying additional tax are not insignificant, which the loan has allowed you to effectively side step, keeping more value of your holdings to allocate as you see fit. While this may involve the setting up of a new business that itself may drive productive growth, even if all you did was spend that money (such as a sport car or a new bike), this could still be a net, economic positive compared to a large portion of that money being sucked into the government spending black hole. While the government would not be receiving that tax revenue, every retailer, manufacturer or service provider would benefit from this additional business. Rather than the tax money going toward interest costs or civil servant wages, the money would go towards the real businesses you have chosen, their staff’s wages, who are working hard to outcompete their peers. Making this choice to not pay capital gains does not just allow bitcoiner to save money and to a small degree, reduce government funding, but also provides a cash injection to those companies who may still be reeling from minimum wage AND national insurance increases.
I’m not an ethicist, so am unable to provide a clear, concise, philosophical argument to explain why the ability of government to steal from you via the processes of monetary inflation as well as an ever-increasing tax burden in immoral, but I hope this provides a new perspective on the situation. I don’t believe increases in taxes support economic development (it literally does the opposite), I don’t believe that individuals should be penalised for working hard, challenging themselves, taking risks and succeeding. However, I’m not in charge of the system and also appreciate that if any major changes were to take place, the consequences would be significant (we’re talking Mandibles time). I believe removing capital gains tax from bitcoin would be a net positive for the economy and there being precedence based on the UK’s currently position with gold coins, but unfortunately, I don’t believe people in the cabinet think as I do, they see people with assets and pound signs ring up at their eyes.
As a result, my aim moving forward will be to think carefully before making purchases or sales that will incur capital gains tax (no big Lambo purchase for me at the top), but also being willing the promote the bitcoin economy by purchasing products and services with bitcoin. To do this, I’ll double confirm that spend/replace techniques actually get around capital gains by effectively using the payment rails of bitcoin to transfer value rather than to sell your bitcoin. This way, I will get to reward and promote those companies to perform at a level that warrants a little more effort with payment, without it costing me an additional 18-24% in tax later on.
So, to return to where we started and my first pay-cheque. We need to work to earn a living, but as we earn more, an ever-greater proportion is taken from us, and we are at risk of becoming stuck in a never ending fiat cycle. In the past, this was more of an issue, leading people into speculating on property or securities, which, if successful, would then incur further taxes, which will likely be spent by governments on liabilities or projects that add zero net benefits to national citizens. Apologies if you see this as a negative, but please don’t, this is the alternative to adopting a unit of account that cannot be inflated away. If you have begun to measure your wealth in bitcoin, there will be a point where you need to start to start spending. I for one, do not intend to die with my private keys in my head, but having lived a life, turbo charged by the freedom bitcoin has offered me. Bitcoin backed loans are returning to the market, with hopefully a little less risk this time around. There may be blow ups, but once they get established and interest costs start to be competed away, I will first of all acknowledge remaining risks and then not allocate 100% of my stack. Rather than being the one true bitcoiner who has never spent a sat, I will use the tools at my disposal to firstly give my family their best possible lives and secondly, not fund the government more than I need to.
Then, by the time I’m ready to leave this earth, there will be less money for me to leave to my family, but then again, the tax man would again come knocking, looking to gloat over my demise and add to my family’s misery with an outstretched hand. Then again, this piece is about capital gains rather than inheritance tax, so we can leave those discussions for another time.
This is not financial advice, please consult a financial/tax advisor before spending and replacing without filing taxes and don’t send your bitcoin to any old fella who says they’ll return it once you’ve paid off the loan.
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2025-04-24 09:07:04
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