@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Capitalism is the most effective system for scaling innovation. The pursuit of profit is an incredibly powerful human incentive. Most major improvements to human society and quality of life have resulted from this base incentive. Market competition often results in the best outcomes for all.

That said, some projects can never be monetized. They are open in nature and a business model would centralize control. Open protocols like bitcoin and nostr are not owned by anyone and if they were it would destroy the key value propositions they provide. No single entity can or should control their use. Anyone can build on them without permission.

As a result, open protocols must depend on donation based grant funding from the people and organizations that rely on them. This model works but it is slow and uncertain, a grind where sustainability is never fully reached but rather constantly sought. As someone who has been incredibly active in the open source grant funding space, I do not think people truly appreciate how difficult it is to raise charitable money and deploy it efficiently.

Projects that can be monetized should be. Profitability is a super power. When a business can generate revenue, it taps into a self sustaining cycle. Profit fuels growth and development while providing projects independence and agency. This flywheel effect is why companies like Google, Amazon, and Apple have scaled to global dominance. The profit incentive aligns human effort with efficiency. Businesses must innovate, cut waste, and deliver value to survive.

Contrast this with non monetized projects. Without profit, they lean on external support, which can dry up or shift with donor priorities. A profit driven model, on the other hand, is inherently leaner and more adaptable. It is not charity but survival. When survival is tied to delivering what people want, scale follows naturally.

The real magic happens when profitable, sustainable businesses are built on top of open protocols and software. Consider the many startups building on open source software stacks, such as Start9, Mempool, and Primal, offering premium services on top of the open source software they build out and maintain. Think of companies like Block or Strike, which leverage bitcoin’s open protocol to offer their services on top. These businesses amplify the open software and protocols they build on, driving adoption and improvement at a pace donations alone could never match.

When you combine open software and protocols with profit driven business the result are lean, sustainable companies that grow faster and serve more people than either could alone. Bitcoin’s network, for instance, benefits from businesses that profit off its existence, while nostr will expand as developers monetize apps built on the protocol.

Capitalism scales best because competition results in efficiency. Donation funded protocols and software lay the groundwork, while market driven businesses build on top. The profit incentive acts as a filter, ensuring resources flow to what works, while open systems keep the playing field accessible, empowering users and builders. Together, they create a flywheel of innovation, growth, and global benefit.

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Here’s a revised timeline of macro-level events from The Mandibles: A Family, 2029–2047 by Lionel Shriver, reimagined in a world where Bitcoin is adopted as a widely accepted form of money, altering the original narrative’s assumptions about currency collapse and economic control. In Shriver’s original story, the failure of Bitcoin is assumed amid the dominance of the bancor and the dollar’s collapse. Here, Bitcoin’s success reshapes the economic and societal trajectory, decentralizing power and challenging state-driven outcomes.

Part One: 2029–2032

• 2029 (Early Year)\ The United States faces economic strain as the dollar weakens against global shifts. However, Bitcoin, having gained traction emerges as a viable alternative. Unlike the original timeline, the bancor—a supranational currency backed by a coalition of nations—struggles to gain footing as Bitcoin’s decentralized adoption grows among individuals and businesses worldwide, undermining both the dollar and the bancor.

• 2029 (Mid-Year: The Great Renunciation)\ Treasury bonds lose value, and the government bans Bitcoin, labeling it a threat to sovereignty (mirroring the original bancor ban). However, a Bitcoin ban proves unenforceable—its decentralized nature thwarts confiscation efforts, unlike gold in the original story. Hyperinflation hits the dollar as the U.S. prints money, but Bitcoin’s fixed supply shields adopters from currency devaluation, creating a dual-economy split: dollar users suffer, while Bitcoin users thrive.

• 2029 (Late Year)\ Dollar-based inflation soars, emptying stores of goods priced in fiat currency. Meanwhile, Bitcoin transactions flourish in underground and online markets, stabilizing trade for those plugged into the bitcoin ecosystem. Traditional supply chains falter, but peer-to-peer Bitcoin networks enable local and international exchange, reducing scarcity for early adopters. The government’s gold confiscation fails to bolster the dollar, as Bitcoin’s rise renders gold less relevant.

• 2030–2031\ Crime spikes in dollar-dependent urban areas, but Bitcoin-friendly regions see less chaos, as digital wallets and smart contracts facilitate secure trade. The U.S. government doubles down on surveillance to crack down on bitcoin use. A cultural divide deepens: centralized authority weakens in Bitcoin-adopting communities, while dollar zones descend into lawlessness.

• 2032\ By this point, Bitcoin is de facto legal tender in parts of the U.S. and globally, especially in tech-savvy or libertarian-leaning regions. The federal government’s grip slips as tax collection in dollars plummets—Bitcoin’s traceability is low, and citizens evade fiat-based levies. Rural and urban Bitcoin hubs emerge, while the dollar economy remains fractured.

Time Jump: 2032–2047

• Over 15 years, Bitcoin solidifies as a global reserve currency, eroding centralized control. The U.S. government adapts, grudgingly integrating bitcoin into policy, though regional autonomy grows as Bitcoin empowers local economies.

Part Two: 2047

• 2047 (Early Year)\ The U.S. is a hybrid state: Bitcoin is legal tender alongside a diminished dollar. Taxes are lower, collected in BTC, reducing federal overreach. Bitcoin’s adoption has decentralized power nationwide. The bancor has faded, unable to compete with Bitcoin’s grassroots momentum.

• 2047 (Mid-Year)\ Travel and trade flow freely in Bitcoin zones, with no restrictive checkpoints. The dollar economy lingers in poorer areas, marked by decay, but Bitcoin’s dominance lifts overall prosperity, as its deflationary nature incentivizes saving and investment over consumption. Global supply chains rebound, powered by bitcoin enabled efficiency.

• 2047 (Late Year)\ The U.S. is a patchwork of semi-autonomous zones, united by Bitcoin’s universal acceptance rather than federal control. Resource scarcity persists due to past disruptions, but economic stability is higher than in Shriver’s original dystopia—Bitcoin’s success prevents the authoritarian slide, fostering a freer, if imperfect, society.

Key Differences

• Currency Dynamics: Bitcoin’s triumph prevents the bancor’s dominance and mitigates hyperinflation’s worst effects, offering a lifeline outside state control.
• Government Power: Centralized authority weakens as Bitcoin evades bans and taxation, shifting power to individuals and communities.
• Societal Outcome: Instead of a surveillance state, 2047 sees a decentralized, bitcoin driven world—less oppressive, though still stratified between Bitcoin haves and have-nots.

This reimagining assumes Bitcoin overcomes Shriver’s implied skepticism to become a robust, adopted currency by 2029, fundamentally altering the novel’s bleak trajectory.

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

My favorite line in any Marvel movie ever is in “Captain America.” After Captain America launches seemingly a hopeless assault on Red Skull’s base and is captured, we get this line:

“Arrogance may not be a uniquely American trait, but I must say, you do it better than anyone.”

Yesterday, I came across a comment on the song Devil Went Down to Georgia that had a very similar feel to it:

America has seemingly always been arrogant, in a uniquely American way. Manifest Destiny, for instance. The rest of the world is aware of this arrogance, and mocks Americans for it. A central point in modern US politics is the deriding of racist, nationalist, supremacist Americans.

That’s not what I see. I see American Arrogance as not only a beautiful statement about what it means to be American. I see it as an ode to the greatness of humanity in its purest form.

For most countries, saying “our nation is the greatest” is, in fact, twinged with some level of racism. I still don’t have a problem with it. Every group of people should be allowed to feel pride in their accomplishments. The destruction of the human spirit since the end of World War 2, where greatness has become a sin and weakness a virtue, has crushed the ability of people worldwide to strive for excellence.

But I digress. The fears of racism and nationalism at least have a grain of truth when applied to other nations on the planet. But not to America.

That’s because the definition of America, and the prototype of an American, has nothing to do with race. The definition of Americanism is freedom. The founding of America is based purely on liberty. On the God-given rights of every person to live life the way they see fit.

American Arrogance is not a statement of racial superiority. It’s barely a statement of national superiority (though it absolutely is). To me, when an American comments on the greatness of America, it’s a statement about freedom. Freedom will always unlock the greatness inherent in any group of people. Americans are definitionally better than everyone else, because Americans are freer than everyone else. (Or, at least, that’s how it should be.)

In Devil Went Down to Georgia, Johnny is approached by the devil himself. He is challenged to a ridiculously lopsided bet: a golden fiddle versus his immortal soul. He acknowledges the sin in accepting such a proposal. And yet he says, “God, I know you told me not to do this. But I can’t stand the affront to my honor. I am the greatest. The devil has nothing on me. So God, I’m gonna sin, but I’m also gonna win.”

Libertas magnitudo est

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

"Degeneration" or "Вырождение" ![[photo_2025-01-29 23.23.15.jpeg]]

A once-functional object, now eroded by time and human intervention, stripped of its original purpose. Layers of presence accumulate—marks, alterations, traces of intent—until the very essence is obscured. Restoration is paradoxical: to reclaim, one must erase. Yet erasure is an impossibility, for to remove these imprints is to deny the existence of those who shaped them.

The work stands as a meditation on entropy, memory, and the irreversible dialogue between creation and decay.

@ 3514ac1b:cf164691

Cryptographic Identity (CI): An Overview

Definition of Cryptographic Identity

Cryptographic identity refers to a digital identity that is secured and verified using cryptographic techniques. It allows individuals to prove their identity online without relying on centralized authorities.

Background of Cryptographic Identity

Historical Context

• Traditional identity systems rely on centralized authorities (governments, companies)
• Digital identities historically tied to platforms and services
• Rise of public-key cryptography enabled self-sovereign identity concepts
• Blockchain and decentralized systems accelerated development

Technical Foundations

• Based on public-key cryptography (asymmetric encryption)
• Uses key pairs: private keys (secret) and public keys (shareable)
• Digital signatures provide authentication and non-repudiation
• Cryptographic proofs verify identity claims without revealing sensitive data

Importance of Cryptographic Identity

Privacy Benefits

• Users control their personal information
• Selective disclosure of identity attributes
• Reduced vulnerability to mass data breaches
• Protection against surveillance and tracking

Security Advantages

• Not dependent on password security
• Resistant to impersonation attacks
• Verifiable without trusted third parties
• Reduces centralized points of failure

Practical Applications

• Censorship-resistant communication
• Self-sovereign finance and transactions
• Decentralized social networking
• Cross-platform reputation systems
• Digital signatures for legal documents

Building Cryptographic Identity with Nostr

Understanding Nostr Protocol

Core Concepts

• Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays)
• Simple, open protocol for censorship-resistant global networks
• Event-based architecture with relays distributing signed messages
• Uses NIP standards (Nostr Implementation Possibilities)

Key Components

• Public/private keypairs as identity foundation
• Relays for message distribution
• Events (signed JSON objects) as the basic unit of data
• Clients that interface with users and relays

Implementation Steps

Step 1: Generate Keypair

• Use cryptographic libraries to generate secure keypair
• Private key must be kept secure (password managers, hardware wallets)
• Public key becomes your identifier on the network

Step 2: Set Up Client

• Choose from existing Nostr clients or build custom implementation
• Connect to multiple relays for redundancy
• Configure identity preferences and metadata

Step 3: Publish Profile Information

• Create and sign kind 0 event with profile metadata
• Include displayable information (name, picture, description)
• Publish to connected relays

Step 4: Verification and Linking

• Cross-verify identity with other platforms (Twitter, GitHub)
• Use NIP-05 identifier for human-readable identity
• Consider NIP-07 for browser extension integration

Advanced Identity Features

Reputation Building

• Consistent posting builds recognition
• Accumulate follows and reactions
• Establish connections with well-known identities

Multi-device Management

• Secure private key backup strategies
• Consider key sharing across devices
• Explore NIP-26 delegated event signing

Recovery Mechanisms

• Implement social recovery options
• Consider multisig approaches
• Document recovery procedures

Challenges and Considerations

Key Management

• Private key loss means identity loss
• Balance security with convenience
• Consider hardware security modules for high-value identities

Adoption Barriers

• Technical complexity for average users
• Network effects and critical mass
• Integration with existing systems

Future Developments

• Zero-knowledge proofs for enhanced privacy
• Standardization efforts across protocols
• Integration with legal identity frameworks

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

Lyn Alden - биткойн евангелист или евангелистка, я пока не понял npub1a2cww4kn9wqte4ry70vyfwqyqvpswksna27rtxd8vty6c74era8sdcw83a

Thomas Pacchia - PubKey owner - X - @tpacchia npub1xy6exlg37pw84cpyj05c2pdgv86hr25cxn0g7aa8g8a6v97mhduqeuhgpl

calvadev - Shopstr npub16dhgpql60vmd4mnydjut87vla23a38j689jssaqlqqlzrtqtd0kqex0nkq

Calle - Cashu founder npub12rv5lskctqxxs2c8rf2zlzc7xx3qpvzs3w4etgemauy9thegr43sf485vg

Джек Дорси npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m

21 ideas npub1lm3f47nzyf0rjp6fsl4qlnkmzed4uj4h2gnf2vhe3l3mrj85vqks6z3c7l

Много адресов. Хз кто надо сортировать https://github.com/aitechguy/nostr-address-book

ФиатДжеф - создатель Ностр - https://github.com/fiatjaf npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6

EVAN KALOUDIS Zues wallet npub19kv88vjm7tw6v9qksn2y6h4hdt6e79nh3zjcud36k9n3lmlwsleqwte2qd

Программер Коди https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay npub1syjmjy0dp62dhccq3g97fr87tngvpvzey08llyt6ul58m2zqpzps9wf6wl

Anna Chekhovich - Managing Bitcoin at The Anti-Corruption Foundation https://x.com/AnyaChekhovich npub1y2st7rp54277hyd2usw6shy3kxprnmpvhkezmldp7vhl7hp920aq9cfyr7

@ 6be5cc06:5259daf0

Bitcoin: Um sistema de dinheiro eletrônico direto entre pessoas.

Satoshi Nakamoto
satoshin@gmx.com
www.bitcoin.org

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Resumo

O Bitcoin é uma forma de dinheiro digital que permite pagamentos diretos entre pessoas, sem a necessidade de um banco ou instituição financeira. Ele resolve um problema chamado gasto duplo, que ocorre quando alguém tenta gastar o mesmo dinheiro duas vezes. Para evitar isso, o Bitcoin usa uma rede descentralizada onde todos trabalham juntos para verificar e registrar as transações.

As transações são registradas em um livro público chamado blockchain, protegido por uma técnica chamada Prova de Trabalho. Essa técnica cria uma cadeia de registros que não pode ser alterada sem refazer todo o trabalho já feito. Essa cadeia é mantida pelos computadores que participam da rede, e a mais longa é considerada a verdadeira.

Enquanto a maior parte do poder computacional da rede for controlada por participantes honestos, o sistema continuará funcionando de forma segura. A rede é flexível, permitindo que qualquer pessoa entre ou saia a qualquer momento, sempre confiando na cadeia mais longa como prova do que aconteceu.

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1. Introdução

Hoje, quase todos os pagamentos feitos pela internet dependem de bancos ou empresas como processadores de pagamento (cartões de crédito, por exemplo) para funcionar. Embora esse sistema seja útil, ele tem problemas importantes porque é baseado em confiança.

Primeiro, essas empresas podem reverter pagamentos, o que é útil em caso de erros, mas cria custos e incertezas. Isso faz com que pequenas transações, como pagar centavos por um serviço, se tornem inviáveis. Além disso, os comerciantes são obrigados a desconfiar dos clientes, pedindo informações extras e aceitando fraudes como algo inevitável.

Esses problemas não existem no dinheiro físico, como o papel-moeda, onde o pagamento é final e direto entre as partes. No entanto, não temos como enviar dinheiro físico pela internet sem depender de um intermediário confiável.

O que precisamos é de um sistema de pagamento eletrônico baseado em provas matemáticas, não em confiança. Esse sistema permitiria que qualquer pessoa enviasse dinheiro diretamente para outra, sem depender de bancos ou processadores de pagamento. Além disso, as transações seriam irreversíveis, protegendo vendedores contra fraudes, mas mantendo a possibilidade de soluções para disputas legítimas.

Neste documento, apresentamos o Bitcoin, que resolve o problema do gasto duplo usando uma rede descentralizada. Essa rede cria um registro público e protegido por cálculos matemáticos, que garante a ordem das transações. Enquanto a maior parte da rede for controlada por pessoas honestas, o sistema será seguro contra ataques.

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2. Transações

Para entender como funciona o Bitcoin, é importante saber como as transações são realizadas. Imagine que você quer transferir uma "moeda digital" para outra pessoa. No sistema do Bitcoin, essa "moeda" é representada por uma sequência de registros que mostram quem é o atual dono. Para transferi-la, você adiciona um novo registro comprovando que agora ela pertence ao próximo dono. Esse registro é protegido por um tipo especial de assinatura digital.

O que é uma assinatura digital?

Uma assinatura digital é como uma senha secreta, mas muito mais segura. No Bitcoin, cada usuário tem duas chaves: uma "chave privada", que é secreta e serve para criar a assinatura, e uma "chave pública", que pode ser compartilhada com todos e é usada para verificar se a assinatura é válida. Quando você transfere uma moeda, usa sua chave privada para assinar a transação, provando que você é o dono. A próxima pessoa pode usar sua chave pública para confirmar isso.

Como funciona na prática?

Cada "moeda" no Bitcoin é, na verdade, uma cadeia de assinaturas digitais. Vamos imaginar o seguinte cenário:

1. A moeda está com o Dono 0 (você). Para transferi-la ao Dono 1, você assina digitalmente a transação com sua chave privada. Essa assinatura inclui o código da transação anterior (chamado de "hash") e a chave pública do Dono 1.
2. Quando o Dono 1 quiser transferir a moeda ao Dono 2, ele assinará a transação seguinte com sua própria chave privada, incluindo também o hash da transação anterior e a chave pública do Dono 2.
3. Esse processo continua, formando uma "cadeia" de transações. Qualquer pessoa pode verificar essa cadeia para confirmar quem é o atual dono da moeda.

Resolvendo o problema do gasto duplo

Um grande desafio com moedas digitais é o "gasto duplo", que é quando uma mesma moeda é usada em mais de uma transação. Para evitar isso, muitos sistemas antigos dependiam de uma entidade central confiável, como uma casa da moeda, que verificava todas as transações. No entanto, isso criava um ponto único de falha e centralizava o controle do dinheiro.

O Bitcoin resolve esse problema de forma inovadora: ele usa uma rede descentralizada onde todos os participantes (os "nós") têm acesso a um registro completo de todas as transações. Cada nó verifica se as transações são válidas e se a moeda não foi gasta duas vezes. Quando a maioria dos nós concorda com a validade de uma transação, ela é registrada permanentemente na blockchain.

Por que isso é importante?

Essa solução elimina a necessidade de confiar em uma única entidade para gerenciar o dinheiro, permitindo que qualquer pessoa no mundo use o Bitcoin sem precisar de permissão de terceiros. Além disso, ela garante que o sistema seja seguro e resistente a fraudes.

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3. Servidor Timestamp

Para assegurar que as transações sejam realizadas de forma segura e transparente, o sistema Bitcoin utiliza algo chamado de "servidor de registro de tempo" (timestamp). Esse servidor funciona como um registro público que organiza as transações em uma ordem específica.

Ele faz isso agrupando várias transações em blocos e criando um código único chamado "hash". Esse hash é como uma impressão digital que representa todo o conteúdo do bloco. O hash de cada bloco é amplamente divulgado, como se fosse publicado em um jornal ou em um fórum público.

Esse processo garante que cada bloco de transações tenha um registro de quando foi criado e que ele existia naquele momento. Além disso, cada novo bloco criado contém o hash do bloco anterior, formando uma cadeia contínua de blocos conectados — conhecida como blockchain.

Com isso, se alguém tentar alterar qualquer informação em um bloco anterior, o hash desse bloco mudará e não corresponderá ao hash armazenado no bloco seguinte. Essa característica torna a cadeia muito segura, pois qualquer tentativa de fraude seria imediatamente detectada.

O sistema de timestamps é essencial para provar a ordem cronológica das transações e garantir que cada uma delas seja única e autêntica. Dessa forma, ele reforça a segurança e a confiança na rede Bitcoin.

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4. Prova-de-Trabalho

Para implementar o registro de tempo distribuído no sistema Bitcoin, utilizamos um mecanismo chamado prova-de-trabalho. Esse sistema é semelhante ao Hashcash, desenvolvido por Adam Back, e baseia-se na criação de um código único, o "hash", por meio de um processo computacionalmente exigente.

A prova-de-trabalho envolve encontrar um valor especial que, quando processado junto com as informações do bloco, gere um hash que comece com uma quantidade específica de zeros. Esse valor especial é chamado de "nonce". Encontrar o nonce correto exige um esforço significativo do computador, porque envolve tentativas repetidas até que a condição seja satisfeita.

Esse processo é importante porque torna extremamente difícil alterar qualquer informação registrada em um bloco. Se alguém tentar mudar algo em um bloco, seria necessário refazer o trabalho de computação não apenas para aquele bloco, mas também para todos os blocos que vêm depois dele. Isso garante a segurança e a imutabilidade da blockchain.

A prova-de-trabalho também resolve o problema de decidir qual cadeia de blocos é a válida quando há múltiplas cadeias competindo. A decisão é feita pela cadeia mais longa, pois ela representa o maior esforço computacional já realizado. Isso impede que qualquer indivíduo ou grupo controle a rede, desde que a maioria do poder de processamento seja mantida por participantes honestos.

Para garantir que o sistema permaneça eficiente e equilibrado, a dificuldade da prova-de-trabalho é ajustada automaticamente ao longo do tempo. Se novos blocos estiverem sendo gerados rapidamente, a dificuldade aumenta; se estiverem sendo gerados muito lentamente, a dificuldade diminui. Esse ajuste assegura que novos blocos sejam criados aproximadamente a cada 10 minutos, mantendo o sistema estável e funcional.

---

5. Rede

A rede Bitcoin é o coração do sistema e funciona de maneira distribuída, conectando vários participantes (ou nós) para garantir o registro e a validação das transações. Os passos para operar essa rede são:

1. Transmissão de Transações: Quando alguém realiza uma nova transação, ela é enviada para todos os nós da rede. Isso é feito para garantir que todos estejam cientes da operação e possam validá-la.

2. Coleta de Transações em Blocos: Cada nó agrupa as novas transações recebidas em um "bloco". Este bloco será preparado para ser adicionado à cadeia de blocos (a blockchain).

3. Prova-de-Trabalho: Os nós competem para resolver a prova-de-trabalho do bloco, utilizando poder computacional para encontrar um hash válido. Esse processo é como resolver um quebra-cabeça matemático difícil.

4. Envio do Bloco Resolvido: Quando um nó encontra a solução para o bloco (a prova-de-trabalho), ele compartilha esse bloco com todos os outros nós na rede.

5. Validação do Bloco: Cada nó verifica o bloco recebido para garantir que todas as transações nele contidas sejam válidas e que nenhuma moeda tenha sido gasta duas vezes. Apenas blocos válidos são aceitos.

6. Construção do Próximo Bloco: Os nós que aceitaram o bloco começam a trabalhar na criação do próximo bloco, utilizando o hash do bloco aceito como base (hash anterior). Isso mantém a continuidade da cadeia.

Resolução de Conflitos e Escolha da Cadeia Mais Longa

Os nós sempre priorizam a cadeia mais longa, pois ela representa o maior esforço computacional já realizado, garantindo maior segurança. Se dois blocos diferentes forem compartilhados simultaneamente, os nós trabalharão no primeiro bloco recebido, mas guardarão o outro como uma alternativa. Caso o segundo bloco eventualmente forme uma cadeia mais longa (ou seja, tenha mais blocos subsequentes), os nós mudarão para essa nova cadeia.

Tolerância a Falhas

A rede é robusta e pode lidar com mensagens que não chegam a todos os nós. Uma transação não precisa alcançar todos os nós de imediato; basta que chegue a um número suficiente deles para ser incluída em um bloco. Da mesma forma, se um nó não receber um bloco em tempo hábil, ele pode solicitá-lo ao perceber que está faltando quando o próximo bloco é recebido.

Esse mecanismo descentralizado permite que a rede Bitcoin funcione de maneira segura, confiável e resiliente, sem depender de uma autoridade central.

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6. Incentivo

O incentivo é um dos pilares fundamentais que sustenta o funcionamento da rede Bitcoin, garantindo que os participantes (nós) continuem operando de forma honesta e contribuindo com recursos computacionais. Ele é estruturado em duas partes principais: a recompensa por mineração e as taxas de transação.

Recompensa por Mineração

Por convenção, o primeiro registro em cada bloco é uma transação especial que cria novas moedas e as atribui ao criador do bloco. Essa recompensa incentiva os mineradores a dedicarem poder computacional para apoiar a rede. Como não há uma autoridade central para emitir moedas, essa é a maneira pela qual novas moedas entram em circulação. Esse processo pode ser comparado ao trabalho de garimpeiros, que utilizam recursos para colocar mais ouro em circulação. No caso do Bitcoin, o "recurso" consiste no tempo de CPU e na energia elétrica consumida para resolver a prova-de-trabalho.

Taxas de Transação

Além da recompensa por mineração, os mineradores também podem ser incentivados pelas taxas de transação. Se uma transação utiliza menos valor de saída do que o valor de entrada, a diferença é tratada como uma taxa, que é adicionada à recompensa do bloco contendo essa transação. Com o passar do tempo e à medida que o número de moedas em circulação atinge o limite predeterminado, essas taxas de transação se tornam a principal fonte de incentivo, substituindo gradualmente a emissão de novas moedas. Isso permite que o sistema opere sem inflação, uma vez que o número total de moedas permanece fixo.

Incentivo à Honestidade

O design do incentivo também busca garantir que os participantes da rede mantenham um comportamento honesto. Para um atacante que consiga reunir mais poder computacional do que o restante da rede, ele enfrentaria duas escolhas:

1. Usar esse poder para fraudar o sistema, como reverter transações e roubar pagamentos.
2. Seguir as regras do sistema, criando novos blocos e recebendo recompensas legítimas.

A lógica econômica favorece a segunda opção, pois um comportamento desonesto prejudicaria a confiança no sistema, diminuindo o valor de todas as moedas, incluindo aquelas que o próprio atacante possui. Jogar dentro das regras não apenas maximiza o retorno financeiro, mas também preserva a validade e a integridade do sistema.

Esse mecanismo garante que os incentivos econômicos estejam alinhados com o objetivo de manter a rede segura, descentralizada e funcional ao longo do tempo.

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7. Recuperação do Espaço em Disco

Depois que uma moeda passa a estar protegida por muitos blocos na cadeia, as informações sobre as transações antigas que a geraram podem ser descartadas para economizar espaço em disco. Para que isso seja possível sem comprometer a segurança, as transações são organizadas em uma estrutura chamada "árvore de Merkle". Essa árvore funciona como um resumo das transações: em vez de armazenar todas elas, guarda apenas um "hash raiz", que é como uma assinatura compacta que representa todo o grupo de transações.

Os blocos antigos podem, então, ser simplificados, removendo as partes desnecessárias dessa árvore. Apenas a raiz do hash precisa ser mantida no cabeçalho do bloco, garantindo que a integridade dos dados seja preservada, mesmo que detalhes específicos sejam descartados.

Para exemplificar: imagine que você tenha vários recibos de compra. Em vez de guardar todos os recibos, você cria um documento e lista apenas o valor total de cada um. Mesmo que os recibos originais sejam descartados, ainda é possível verificar a soma com base nos valores armazenados.

Além disso, o espaço ocupado pelos blocos em si é muito pequeno. Cada bloco sem transações ocupa apenas cerca de 80 bytes. Isso significa que, mesmo com blocos sendo gerados a cada 10 minutos, o crescimento anual em espaço necessário é insignificante: apenas 4,2 MB por ano. Com a capacidade de armazenamento dos computadores crescendo a cada ano, esse espaço continuará sendo trivial, garantindo que a rede possa operar de forma eficiente sem problemas de armazenamento, mesmo a longo prazo.

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8. Verificação de Pagamento Simplificada

É possível confirmar pagamentos sem a necessidade de operar um nó completo da rede. Para isso, o usuário precisa apenas de uma cópia dos cabeçalhos dos blocos da cadeia mais longa (ou seja, a cadeia com maior esforço de trabalho acumulado). Ele pode verificar a validade de uma transação ao consultar os nós da rede até obter a confirmação de que tem a cadeia mais longa. Para isso, utiliza-se o ramo Merkle, que conecta a transação ao bloco em que ela foi registrada.

Entretanto, o método simplificado possui limitações: ele não pode confirmar uma transação isoladamente, mas sim assegurar que ela ocupa um lugar específico na cadeia mais longa. Dessa forma, se um nó da rede aprova a transação, os blocos subsequentes reforçam essa aceitação.

A verificação simplificada é confiável enquanto a maioria dos nós da rede for honesta. Contudo, ela se torna vulnerável caso a rede seja dominada por um invasor. Nesse cenário, um atacante poderia fabricar transações fraudulentas que enganariam o usuário temporariamente até que o invasor obtivesse controle completo da rede.

Uma estratégia para mitigar esse risco é configurar alertas nos softwares de nós completos. Esses alertas identificam blocos inválidos, sugerindo ao usuário baixar o bloco completo para confirmar qualquer inconsistência. Para maior segurança, empresas que realizam pagamentos frequentes podem preferir operar seus próprios nós, reduzindo riscos e permitindo uma verificação mais direta e confiável.

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9. Combinando e Dividindo Valor

No sistema Bitcoin, cada unidade de valor é tratada como uma "moeda" individual, mas gerenciar cada centavo como uma transação separada seria impraticável. Para resolver isso, o Bitcoin permite que valores sejam combinados ou divididos em transações, facilitando pagamentos de qualquer valor.

Entradas e Saídas

Cada transação no Bitcoin é composta por:

• Entradas: Representam os valores recebidos em transações anteriores.
• Saídas: Correspondem aos valores enviados, divididos entre os destinatários e, eventualmente, o troco para o remetente.

Normalmente, uma transação contém:

• Uma única entrada com valor suficiente para cobrir o pagamento.
• Ou várias entradas combinadas para atingir o valor necessário.

O valor total das saídas nunca excede o das entradas, e a diferença (se houver) pode ser retornada ao remetente como troco.

Exemplo Prático

Imagine que você tem duas entradas:

1. 0,03 BTC
2. 0,07 BTC

Se deseja enviar 0,08 BTC para alguém, a transação terá:

• Entrada: As duas entradas combinadas (0,03 + 0,07 BTC = 0,10 BTC).
• Saídas: Uma para o destinatário (0,08 BTC) e outra como troco para você (0,02 BTC).

Essa flexibilidade permite que o sistema funcione sem precisar manipular cada unidade mínima individualmente.

Difusão e Simplificação

A difusão de transações, onde uma depende de várias anteriores e assim por diante, não representa um problema. Não é necessário armazenar ou verificar o histórico completo de uma transação para utilizá-la, já que o registro na blockchain garante sua integridade.

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10. Privacidade

O modelo bancário tradicional oferece um certo nível de privacidade, limitando o acesso às informações financeiras apenas às partes envolvidas e a um terceiro confiável (como bancos ou instituições financeiras). No entanto, o Bitcoin opera de forma diferente, pois todas as transações são publicamente registradas na blockchain. Apesar disso, a privacidade pode ser mantida utilizando chaves públicas anônimas, que desvinculam diretamente as transações das identidades das partes envolvidas.

Fluxo de Informação

• No modelo tradicional, as transações passam por um terceiro confiável que conhece tanto o remetente quanto o destinatário.
• No Bitcoin, as transações são anunciadas publicamente, mas sem revelar diretamente as identidades das partes. Isso é comparável a dados divulgados por bolsas de valores, onde informações como o tempo e o tamanho das negociações (a "fita") são públicas, mas as identidades das partes não.

Protegendo a Privacidade

Para aumentar a privacidade no Bitcoin, são adotadas as seguintes práticas:

1. Chaves Públicas Anônimas: Cada transação utiliza um par de chaves diferentes, dificultando a associação com um proprietário único.
2. Prevenção de Ligação: Ao usar chaves novas para cada transação, reduz-se a possibilidade de links evidentes entre múltiplas transações realizadas pelo mesmo usuário.

Riscos de Ligação

Embora a privacidade seja fortalecida, alguns riscos permanecem:

• Transações multi-entrada podem revelar que todas as entradas pertencem ao mesmo proprietário, caso sejam necessárias para somar o valor total.
• O proprietário da chave pode ser identificado indiretamente por transações anteriores que estejam conectadas.

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11. Cálculos

Imagine que temos um sistema onde as pessoas (ou computadores) competem para adicionar informações novas (blocos) a um grande registro público (a cadeia de blocos ou blockchain). Este registro é como um livro contábil compartilhado, onde todos podem verificar o que está escrito.

Agora, vamos pensar em um cenário: um atacante quer enganar o sistema. Ele quer mudar informações já registradas para beneficiar a si mesmo, por exemplo, desfazendo um pagamento que já fez. Para isso, ele precisa criar uma versão alternativa do livro contábil (a cadeia de blocos dele) e convencer todos os outros participantes de que essa versão é a verdadeira.

Mas isso é extremamente difícil.

Como o Ataque Funciona

Quando um novo bloco é adicionado à cadeia, ele depende de cálculos complexos que levam tempo e esforço. Esses cálculos são como um grande quebra-cabeça que precisa ser resolvido.

• Os “bons jogadores” (nós honestos) estão sempre trabalhando juntos para resolver esses quebra-cabeças e adicionar novos blocos à cadeia verdadeira.
• O atacante, por outro lado, precisa resolver quebra-cabeças sozinho, tentando “alcançar” a cadeia honesta para que sua versão alternativa pareça válida.

Se a cadeia honesta já está vários blocos à frente, o atacante começa em desvantagem, e o sistema está projetado para que a dificuldade de alcançá-los aumente rapidamente.

A Corrida Entre Cadeias

Você pode imaginar isso como uma corrida. A cada bloco novo que os jogadores honestos adicionam à cadeia verdadeira, eles se distanciam mais do atacante. Para vencer, o atacante teria que resolver os quebra-cabeças mais rápido que todos os outros jogadores honestos juntos.

Suponha que:

• A rede honesta tem 80% do poder computacional (ou seja, resolve 8 de cada 10 quebra-cabeças).
• O atacante tem 20% do poder computacional (ou seja, resolve 2 de cada 10 quebra-cabeças).

Cada vez que a rede honesta adiciona um bloco, o atacante tem que "correr atrás" e resolver mais quebra-cabeças para alcançar.

Por Que o Ataque Fica Cada Vez Mais Improvável?

Vamos usar uma fórmula simples para mostrar como as chances de sucesso do atacante diminuem conforme ele precisa "alcançar" mais blocos:

P = (q/p)^z

• q é o poder computacional do atacante (20%, ou 0,2).
• p é o poder computacional da rede honesta (80%, ou 0,8).
• z é a diferença de blocos entre a cadeia honesta e a cadeia do atacante.

Se o atacante está 5 blocos atrás (z = 5):

P = (0,2 / 0,8)^5 = (0,25)^5 = 0,00098, (ou, 0,098%)

Isso significa que o atacante tem menos de 0,1% de chance de sucesso — ou seja, é muito improvável.

Se ele estiver 10 blocos atrás (z = 10):

P = (0,2 / 0,8)^10 = (0,25)^10 = 0,000000095, (ou, 0,0000095%).

Neste caso, as chances de sucesso são praticamente nulas.

Um Exemplo Simples

Se você jogar uma moeda, a chance de cair “cara” é de 50%. Mas se precisar de 10 caras seguidas, sua chance já é bem menor. Se precisar de 20 caras seguidas, é quase impossível.

No caso do Bitcoin, o atacante precisa de muito mais do que 20 caras seguidas. Ele precisa resolver quebra-cabeças extremamente difíceis e alcançar os jogadores honestos que estão sempre à frente. Isso faz com que o ataque seja inviável na prática.

Por Que Tudo Isso é Seguro?

• A probabilidade de sucesso do atacante diminui exponencialmente. Isso significa que, quanto mais tempo passa, menor é a chance de ele conseguir enganar o sistema.
• A cadeia verdadeira (honesta) está protegida pela força da rede. Cada novo bloco que os jogadores honestos adicionam à cadeia torna mais difícil para o atacante alcançar.

E Se o Atacante Tentar Continuar?

O atacante poderia continuar tentando indefinidamente, mas ele estaria gastando muito tempo e energia sem conseguir nada. Enquanto isso, os jogadores honestos estão sempre adicionando novos blocos, tornando o trabalho do atacante ainda mais inútil.

Assim, o sistema garante que a cadeia verdadeira seja extremamente segura e que ataques sejam, na prática, impossíveis de ter sucesso.

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12. Conclusão

Propusemos um sistema de transações eletrônicas que elimina a necessidade de confiança, baseando-se em assinaturas digitais e em uma rede peer-to-peer que utiliza prova de trabalho. Isso resolve o problema do gasto duplo, criando um histórico público de transações imutável, desde que a maioria do poder computacional permaneça sob controle dos participantes honestos. A rede funciona de forma simples e descentralizada, com nós independentes que não precisam de identificação ou coordenação direta. Eles entram e saem livremente, aceitando a cadeia de prova de trabalho como registro do que ocorreu durante sua ausência. As decisões são tomadas por meio do poder de CPU, validando blocos legítimos, estendendo a cadeia e rejeitando os inválidos. Com este mecanismo de consenso, todas as regras e incentivos necessários para o funcionamento seguro e eficiente do sistema são garantidos.

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Faça o download do whitepaper original em português: https://bitcoin.org/files/bitcoin-paper/bitcoin_pt_br.pdf

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Pula, located at the southern tip of Istria, is a city where ancient Roman ruins meet stunning Adriatic beaches. Known for its well-preserved amphitheater, charming old town, and crystal-clear waters, Pula offers a perfect blend of history, culture, and relaxation.

🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Pula

1️⃣ Pula Arena (Roman Amphitheater) 🏟️

• One of the best-preserved Roman amphitheaters in the world, built in the 1st century.
• Used for gladiator fights, now a venue for concerts & film festivals.
• Climb to the top for stunning sea views.

2️⃣ Explore Pula’s Old Town 🏡

• Wander through cobbled streets, past Venetian, Roman, and Austro-Hungarian architecture.
• Visit the Arch of the Sergii (a 2,000-year-old Roman triumphal arch).
• Enjoy a drink in Forum Square, home to the Temple of Augustus.

3️⃣ Relax at Pula’s Beaches 🏖️

• Hawaiian Beach (Havajska Plaža): Turquoise waters & cliffs for jumping.
• Ambrela Beach: A Blue Flag beach with calm waters, great for families.
• Pješčana Uvala: A sandy beach, rare for Croatia!

4️⃣ Cape Kamenjak Nature Park 🌿

• A wild and rugged coastline with hidden coves and crystal-clear water.
• Great for cliff jumping, kayaking, and biking.
• Located 30 minutes south of Pula.

5️⃣ Visit Brijuni National Park 🏝️

• A group of 14 islands, once Tito’s private retreat.
• Features Roman ruins, a safari park, and cycling trails.
• Accessible via boat from Fazana (15 min from Pula).

6️⃣ Try Istrian Cuisine 🍽️

• Fuži with truffles – Istria is famous for white & black truffles.
• Istrian prosciutto & cheese – Perfect with local Malvazija wine.
• Fresh seafood – Try grilled squid or buzara-style mussels.

🚗 How to Get to Pula

✈️ By Air: Pula Airport (PUY) has flights from major European cities.
🚘 By Car:
- From Zagreb: ~3 hours (270 km)
- From Ljubljana (Slovenia): ~2.5 hours (160 km)
🚌 By Bus: Regular buses connect Pula with Rovinj, Rijeka, Zagreb, and Trieste (Italy).
🚢 By Ferry: Seasonal ferries run from Venice and Zadar.

💡 Tips for Visiting Pula

✅ Best time to visit? May–September for warm weather & festivals 🌞
✅ Book Arena event tickets in advance – Summer concerts sell out fast 🎶
✅ Try local wines – Istrian Malvazija (white) and Teran (red) are excellent 🍷
✅ Explore nearby towns – Rovinj & Motovun make great day trips 🏡
✅ Cash is useful – Some small shops & markets prefer cash 💶

@ 87730827:746b7d35

Original: https://techreport.com/crypto-news/brazil-central-bank-ban-monero-stablecoins/

Brazilian’s Central Bank Will Ban Monero and Algorithmic Stablecoins in the Country

Brazil proposes crypto regulations banning Monero and algorithmic stablecoins and enforcing strict compliance for exchanges.

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KEY TAKEAWAYS

• The Central Bank of Brazil has proposed regulations prohibiting privacy-centric cryptocurrencies like Monero.
• The regulations categorize exchanges into intermediaries, custodians, and brokers, each with specific capital requirements and compliance standards.
• While the proposed rules apply to cryptocurrencies, certain digital assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are still ‘deregulated’ in Brazil.

In a Notice of Participation announcement, the Brazilian Central Bank (BCB) outlines regulations for virtual asset service providers (VASPs) operating in the country.

In the document, the Brazilian regulator specifies that privacy-focused coins, such as Monero, must be excluded from all digital asset companies that intend to operate in Brazil.

Let’s unpack what effect these regulations will have.

Brazil’s Crackdown on Crypto Fraud

If the BCB’s current rule is approved, exchanges dealing with coins that provide anonymity must delist these currencies or prevent Brazilians from accessing and operating these assets.

The Central Bank argues that currencies like Monero make it difficult and even prevent the identification of users, thus creating problems in complying with international AML obligations and policies to prevent the financing of terrorism.

According to the Central Bank of Brazil, the bans aim to prevent criminals from using digital assets to launder money. In Brazil, organized criminal syndicates such as the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) and Comando Vermelho have been increasingly using digital assets for money laundering and foreign remittances.

… restriction on the supply of virtual assets that contain characteristics of fragility, insecurity or risks that favor fraud or crime, such as virtual assets designed to favor money laundering and terrorist financing practices by facilitating anonymity or difficulty identification of the holder.

– Notice of Participation

The Central Bank has identified that removing algorithmic stablecoins is essential to guarantee the safety of users’ funds and avoid events such as when Terraform Labs’ entire ecosystem collapsed, losing billions of investors’ dollars.

The Central Bank also wants to control all digital assets traded by companies in Brazil. According to the current proposal, the national regulator will have the power to ask platforms to remove certain listed assets if it considers that they do not meet local regulations.

However, the regulations will not include NFTs, real-world asset (RWA) tokens, RWA tokens classified as securities, and tokenized movable or real estate assets. These assets are still ‘deregulated’ in Brazil.

Monero: What Is It and Why Is Brazil Banning It?

Monero ($XMR) is a cryptocurrency that uses a protocol called CryptoNote. It launched in 2013 and ‘erases’ transaction data, preventing the sender and recipient addresses from being publicly known. The Monero network is based on a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism, which incentivizes miners to add blocks to the blockchain. 

Like Brazil, other nations are banning Monero in search of regulatory compliance. Recently, Dubai’s new digital asset rules prohibited the issuance of activities related to anonymity-enhancing cryptocurrencies such as $XMR.

Furthermore, exchanges such as Binance have already announced they will delist Monero on their global platforms due to its anonymity features. Kraken did the same, removing Monero for their European-based users to comply with MiCA regulations.

Data from Chainalysis shows that Brazil is the seventh-largest Bitcoin market in the world.

In Latin America, Brazil is the largest market for digital assets. Globally, it leads in the innovation of RWA tokens, with several companies already trading this type of asset.

In Closing

Following other nations, Brazil’s regulatory proposals aim to combat illicit activities such as money laundering and terrorism financing.

Will the BCB’s move safeguard people’s digital assets while also stimulating growth and innovation in the crypto ecosystem? Only time will tell.

References

Cassio Gusson is a journalist passionate about technology, cryptocurrencies, and the nuances of human nature. With a career spanning roles as Senior Crypto Journalist at CriptoFacil and Head of News at CoinTelegraph, he offers exclusive insights on South America’s crypto landscape. A graduate in Communication from Faccamp and a post-graduate in Globalization and Culture from FESPSP, Cassio explores the intersection of governance, decentralization, and the evolution of global systems.

View all articles by Cassio Gusson

@ 41e6f20b:06049e45

Let me tell you a beautiful story. Last night, during the speakers' dinner at Monerotopia, the waitress was collecting tiny tips in Mexican pesos. I asked her, "Do you really want to earn tips seriously?" I then showed her how to set up a Cake Wallet, and she started collecting tips in Monero, reaching 0.9 XMR. Of course, she wanted to cash out to fiat immediately, but it solved a real problem for her: making more money. That amount was something she would never have earned in a single workday. We kept talking, and I promised to give her Zoom workshops. What can I say? I love people, and that's why I'm a natural orange-piller.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Nostr: a quick introduction, attempt #2

Nostr doesn't subscribe to any ideals of "free speech" as these belong to the realm of politics and assume a big powerful government that enforces a common ruleupon everybody else.

Nostr instead is much simpler, it simply says that servers are private property and establishes a generalized framework for people to connect to all these servers, creating a true free market in the process. In other words, Nostr is the public road that each market participant can use to build their own store or visit others and use their services.

(Of course a road is never truly public, in normal cases it's ran by the government, in this case it relies upon the previous existence of the internet with all its quirks and chaos plus a hand of government control, but none of that matters for this explanation).

More concretely speaking, Nostr is just a set of definitions of the formats of the data that can be passed between participants and their expected order, i.e. messages between clients (i.e. the program that runs on a user computer) and relays (i.e. the program that runs on a publicly accessible computer, a "server", generally with a domain-name associated) over a type of TCP connection (WebSocket) with cryptographic signatures. This is what is called a "protocol" in this context, and upon that simple base multiple kinds of sub-protocols can be added, like a protocol for "public-square style microblogging", "semi-closed group chat" or, I don't know, "recipe sharing and feedback".

@ be39043c:4a573ca3

Traditionally, miso making takes place during the cold winter. Miso is fermented during the warm season and start using after it gets cooler in the fall. However, I did make during the summer and there was no problem.

For 29oz miso

Ingredients: * Chickpeas 0.5lbs（227g） * Dried Koji 0.5lbs（227g） *not raw(active) koji * Natural salts 103g * Chickpeas : Koji: Salts = 1: 1: 0.45 (salts 12.5%)

I find chickpeas easier to handle than soy beans. For soy beans,

• Soy beans 230g (soak at least 18 hours)
• Dried Koji 340g
• Natural salts 　30g（Salts 12.5%）

You also need :
Container for fermentation -32 oz glass jar (no metal lid) or strong plastic container or bag that can be sealed. * large mixing bowl
small bowl
* pressure cooker or large pot * food processor or blender or masher (I use the bottom of small glass jar sanitized with hotwater) * parchment paper or plastic wrap to cover the surface

1. Wash chickpeas and soak over night
2. Cook chickpeas until it can be crashed with your thumb and pinky finger with a pressure cooker or a pot (this may take hours with a pot) Move a part of cooked liquid from the pot to a small bowl and drain the rest. Wait until chickpeas can be handled with hand.
3. Mash chickpeas into paste
4. Sanitize the 32oz jar with hot water or sanitizer of your choice
5. Mixed dried koji with salts with hand
6. Add koji and salts to the chickpea paste. Mix with hand well. Add a little bit of the liquid you put aside earlier if the paste is too dry (do not add too much).
7. When mixed well, make balls with the paste using hands.
8. Throw one of the balls into the jar and push onto the jar with your fist. Repeat this process. (you don't have to punch here. Just push. This process is to transfer the miso paste into the jar without air. The exposure to air will lead to mold. Make sure not to have a space.)
9. After throwing all balls into the jar and place tightly without air, seal the surface with a piece of parchment paper or plastic wrap.
10. Close the lid.
11. Place the jar in a cool and dark place (room temperature). Leave 6 months to 2 years. After the half of the duration, you may pull out of paste and place the bottom half onto the upper half so that the miso will be evenly fermented. This process can be skipped. Check once in a couple of months if there is mold.
12. If mold appears on the surface, just scrape it off.

Miso pro's video. He uses soys.

https://marukawamiso.com/make-miso/85.html

@ 2ede6f6b:b94998e2

test

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/459389

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

This UX research has been redacted by @iqra from the Bitcoin.Design community, and shared for review and feedback! Don't be shy, share your thoughts.

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1️⃣ Introduction

Project Overview

📌 Product: BlueWallet (Bitcoin Wallet) 📌 Goal: Improve onboarding flow and enhance accessibility for a better user experience. 📌 Role: UX Designer 📌 Tools Used: Figma, Notion

Why This Case Study?

🔹 BlueWallet is a self-custodial Bitcoin wallet, but users struggle with onboarding due to unclear instructions. 🔹 Accessibility issues (low contrast, small fonts) create barriers for visually impaired users. 🔹 Competitors like Trust Wallet and MetaMask offer better-guided onboarding.

This case study presents UX/UI improvements to make BlueWallet more intuitive and inclusive.

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2️⃣ Problem Statement: Why BlueWalletʼs Onboarding Needs Improvement

🔹 Current Challenges:

1️⃣ Onboarding Complexity - BlueWallet lacks step-by-step guidance, leaving users confused about wallet creation and security.

2️⃣ No Educational Introduction - Users land directly on the wallet screen with no explanation of private keys, recovery phrases, or transactions. 3️⃣ Transaction Flow Issues - Similar-looking "Send" and "Receive" buttons cause confusion. 4️⃣ Poor Accessibility - Small fonts and low contrast make navigation difficult.

🔍 Impact on Users:

Higher drop-off rates due to frustration during onboarding. Security risks as users skip key wallet setup steps. Limited accessibility for users with visual impairments.

📌 Competitive Gap:

Unlike competitors (Trust Wallet, MetaMask), BlueWallet does not offer: ✅ A guided onboarding process ✅ Security education during setup ✅ Intuitive transaction flow

Somehow, this wallet has much better UI than the BlueWallet Bitcoin wallet.

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3️⃣ User Research & Competitive Analysis

User Testing Findings

🔹 Conducted usability testing with 5 users onboarding for the first time. 🔹 Key Findings: ✅ 3 out of 5 users felt lost due to missing explanations. ✅ 60% had trouble distinguishing transaction buttons. ✅ 80% found the text difficult to read due to low contrast.

Competitive Analysis

We compared BlueWallet with top crypto wallets:

| Wallet | Onboarding UX | Security Guidance | Accessibility Features | |---|---|---|---| | BlueWallet | ❌ No guided onboarding | ❌ Minimal explanation | ❌ Low contrast, small fonts | | Trust Wallet | ✅ Step-by-step setup | ✅ Security best practices | ✅ High contrast UI | | MetaMask | ✅ Interactive tutorial | ✅ Private key education | ✅ Clear transaction buttons |

📌 Key Insight: BlueWallet lacks guided setup and accessibility enhancements, making it harder for beginners.

📌 User Persona

To better understand the users facing onboarding challenges, I developed a persona based on research and usability testing.

🔹 Persona 1: Alex Carter (Bitcoin Beginner & Investor)

👤 Profile: - Age: 28 - Occupation: Freelance Digital Marketer - Tech Knowledge: Moderate - Familiar with online transactions, new to Bitcoin) - Pain Points: - Finds Bitcoin wallets confusing. - - Doesnʼt understand seed phrases & security features. - - Worried about losing funds due to a lack of clarity in transactions.

📌 Needs: ✅ A simple, guided wallet setup. ✅ Clear explanations of security terms (without jargon). ✅ Easy-to-locate Send/Receive buttons.

📌 Persona Usage in Case Study: - Helps define who we are designing for. - Guides design decisions by focusing on user needs.

🔹 Persona 2: Sarah Mitchell (Accessibility Advocate & Tech Enthusiast)

👤 Profile: - Age: 35 - Occupation: UX Researcher & Accessibility Consultant - Tech Knowledge: High (Uses Bitcoin but struggles with accessibility barriers)

📌 Pain Points: ❌ Struggles with small font sizes & low contrast. ❌ Finds the UI difficult to navigate with a screen reader. ❌ Confused by identical-looking transaction buttons.

📌 Needs: ✅ A high-contrast UI that meets WCAG accessibility standards. ✅ Larger fonts & scalable UI elements for better readability. ✅ Keyboard & screen reader-friendly navigation for seamless interaction.

📌 Why This Persona Matters: - Represents users with visual impairments who rely on accessible design. - Ensures the design accommodates inclusive UX principles.

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4️⃣ UX/UI Solutions & Design Improvements

📌 Before (Current Issues)

❌ Users land directly on the wallet screen with no instructions. ❌ "Send" & "Receive" buttons look identical , causing transaction confusion. ❌ Small fonts & low contrast reduce readability.

✅ After (Proposed Fixes)

✅ Step-by-step onboarding explaining wallet creation, security, and transactions. ✅ Visually distinct transaction buttons (color and icon changes). ✅ WCAG-compliant text contrast & larger fonts for better readability.

1️⃣ Redesigned Onboarding Flow

✅ Added a progress indicator so users see where they are in setup. ✅ Used plain, non-technical language to explain wallet creation & security. ✅ Introduced a "Learn More" button to educate users on security.

2️⃣ Accessibility Enhancements

✅ Increased contrast ratio for better text readability. ✅ Used larger fonts & scalable UI elements. ✅ Ensured screen reader compatibility (VoiceOver & TalkBack support).

3️⃣ Transaction Flow Optimization

✅ Redesigned "Send" & "Receive" buttons for clear distinction. ✅ Added clearer icons & tooltips for transaction steps.

5️⃣ Wireframes & Design Improvements:

🔹 Welcome Screen (First Screen When User Opens Wallet)

📌 Goal: Give a brief introduction & set user expectations

✅ App logo + short tagline (e.g., "Secure, Simple, Self-Custody Bitcoin Wallet") ✅ 1-2 line explanation of what BlueWallet is (e.g., "Your gateway to managing Bitcoin securely.") ✅ "Get Started" button → Le ads to next step: Wallet Setup ✅ "Already have a wallet?" → Import option

🔹 Example UI Elements: - BlueWallet Logo - Title: "Welcome to BlueWallet" - Subtitle: "Easily store, send, and receive Bitcoin." - CTA: "Get Started" (Primary) | "Import Wallet" (Secondary)

🔹 Screen 2: Choose Wallet Type (New or Import)

📌 Goal: Let users decide how to proceed

✅ Two clear options: - Create a New Wallet (For first-time users) - Import Existing Wallet (For users with a backup phrase) ✅ Brief explanation of each option 🔹 Example UI Elements: - Title: "How do you want to start?" - Buttons:** "Create New Wallet" | "Import Wallet"

🔹 Screen 3: Security & Seed Phrase Setup (Critical Step)

📌 Goal: Educate users about wallet security & backups

✅ Explain why seed phrases are important ✅ Clear step-by-step instructions on writing down & storing the phrase ✅ Warning: "If you lose your recovery phrase, you lose access to your wallet." ✅ CTA: "Generate Seed Phrase" → Next step

🔹 Example UI Elements: - Title: "Secure Your Wallet" - Subtitle: "Your seed phrase is the key to your Bitcoin. Keep it safe!" - Button: "Generate Seed Phrase"

🔹 Screen 4: Seed Phrase Display & Confirmation

📌 Goal: Ensure users write down the phrase correctly

✅ Display 12- or 24-word seed phrase ✅ “I have written it downˮ checkbox before proceeding ✅ Next screen: Verify seed phrase (drag & drop, re-enter some words)

🔹 Example UI Elements: - Title: "Write Down Your Seed Phrase" - List of 12/24 Words (Hidden by Default) - Checkbox: "I have safely stored my phrase" - Button: "Continue"

🔹 Screen 5: Wallet Ready! (Final Step)

📌 Goal: Confirm setup & guide users on next actions

✅ Success message ("Your wallet is ready!") ✅ Encourage first action: - “Receive Bitcoinˮ → Show wallet address - “Send Bitcoinˮ → Walkthrough on making transactions

✅ Short explainer: Where to find the Send/Receive buttons

🔹 Example UI Elements: - Title: "You're All Set!" - Subtitle: "Start using BlueWallet now." - Buttons: "Receive Bitcoin" | "View Wallet"

---

5️⃣ Prototype & User Testing Results

🔹 Created an interactive prototype in Figma to test the new experience. 🔹 User Testing Results: ✅ 40% faster onboarding completion time. ✅ 90% of users found transaction buttons clearer. 🔹 User Feedback: ✅ “Now I understand the security steps clearly.ˮ ✅ “The buttons are easier to find and use.ˮ

---

6️⃣ Why This Matters: Key Takeaways

📌 Impact of These UX/UI Changes: ✅ Reduced user frustration by providing a step-by-step onboarding guide. ✅ Improved accessibility , making the wallet usable for all. ✅ More intuitive transactions , reducing errors.

---

7️⃣ Direct link to figma file and Prototype

Figma file: https://www.figma.com/design/EPb4gVgAMEgF5GBDdtt81Z/Blue-Wallet-UI- Improvements?node-id=0-1&t=Y2ni1SfvuQQnoB7s-1

Prototype: https://www.figma.com/proto/EPb4gVgAMEgF5GBDdtt81Z/Blue-Wallet-UI- Improvements?node-id=1-2&p=f&t=FndTJQNCE7nEIa84-1&scaling=scale- down&content-scaling=fixed&page-id=0%3A1&starting-point-node- id=1%3A2&show-proto-sidebar=1

Original PDF available from here

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/928822

@ 8671a6e5:f88194d1

A flash of inspiration

Sometimes the mind takes you to strange places. The other day, I stumbled across Madonna’s “Vogue” video, you know “strike a pose” and all that jazz, and it got me thinking. Not about her music (which, let’s be honest, hasn’t aged as gracefully as her PR team might hope), but about Michael Saylor and Bitcoin.

Bear with me here, there’s a connection there. Madonna built an empire and her iconic name on catchy tunes and reinvention, even if her catalog feels a bit thin these days. Saylor? He’s doing something similar—taking an old act, dusting it off, and teaching it a new trick. Only instead of a microphone, he’s wielding Bitcoin, and Wall Street’s playing the role of the music industry, propping up the star despite a shaky back catalog (his initial business software).

Old school meets new moves

Think of Saylor as that veteran artist who’s been around for a few decades and think of bitcoin as a new style of music, a genre or a gimmick that’s popular with the kids. Old music stars sooner or later pick up on that, and even bring people in to do a cross-over song, a mix or god forbid, a duet.

MicroStrategy, his software company, was never a top hit scoring machine. More of a album full of B-sides that faded into obscurity (for those who don’t know, look up what a B-side song was). But then he stumbled onto Bitcoin, the shiny new genre that’s got the attention and attracted people because of the underlying asset (our tunes are here to stay).

It’s not just a pivot; it’s a reinvention. Like an aging pop star learning to rap, Saylor’s taken his old-school business and remixed it into something attracting a decent audience at conferences for example. Like Madonna or the former Prince fulling arenas. He’s voguing alright; with bold moves, big loans, the support of his own music industry and a spotlight for his (sometimes Madonna lyrics like) ramblings.

The Saylor trick: a ray of light on bitcoin

Here’s the play: Saylor’s turned MicroStrategy into a Bitcoin hoarding machine. Forget software licenses; his game is borrowing billions—through corporate bonds and stock sales, only to buy and hold Bitcoin. Bitcoin will outshine gold, bonds, even the S&P 500, Saylor says. It’s a gamble, an honorable one if you’re a bitcoiner, but it’s dressed up as a vision, and it’s got a self-fulfilling prophecy in it. Not only that, such a prophecy can only fully come to fruition if he’s not the only buyer of last resort of any significance. A music industry isn’t a real industry if there was only Madonna dancing on stage as the only mainstream artist.

We had Prince, Michael Jackson, Taylor Swift, Bruno Mars or Dua Lipa and hundreds of other artists over time, vying for your money, attention span, and streaming minutes. The more Strategy buys, the more the Bitcoin crowd cheers, the higher the price climbs, and the more attention he gets. Speaking gigs, headlines, cult status—it’s a win-win, at least on paper. Strike the pose, indeed.

The McDonald’s trick: value under the surface

It’s not the first time Michael Saylro remixes a tape from another artist so to speak. Let’s pivot to McDonald’s for a second, because there’s a parallel here. You think Big Macs when you think McDonald’s, but their real value hustle is actually real estate.

They own prime land, lease it to franchisees, and rake in rent—billions of it. The burgers? Just a tasty front for a property empire. Saylor’s pulling a similar move, but instead of buildings, his asset is Bitcoin. MicroStrategy’s software gig is the fries on the side — nice to have, but not the main course. He’s borrowing against the future value of BTC, betting it’ll keep climbing, just like McDonald’s banks on steady foot traffic and picking strategic (pun intended) locations. The difference? McDonald’s has a fallback if real estate tanks. Saylor’s all-in on bitcoin. (So far so good, if there’s one thing to go all-in on, it’s bitcoin anyway). That on itself is not an issue. But it’s important to know that the “location” is the asset for some while bitcoin is the “asset” for Strategy. Mc Donald’s assets are easy to spot: there are restaurants all over the place. Madonna’s concerts are also easy to spot: they sell out arenas left and right. Strategy’s bitcoin asset is less easy to spot, as we can’t see them, neither can we verify them. More on that later.

The hybrid star: Madonna meets McDonald’s

So, picture this: Saylor’s a cross between Madonna and a fast-food landlord. He’s the aging music icon who’s learned a flashy new dance, but underneath the glitter, he’s running a McDonald’s-style value play. It’s brilliant, in a way. Bitcoin’s scarcity fuels the hype, and his borrowing keeps the show on the road. Madonna’s legacy still sells records her name holds value, and McDonald’s can lean on its food business and brand, if the property game stumbles they can easily pivot back to basics and earn like they’ve always done on selling food and franchise income/licensing. Saylor? His software arm’s is rather dismal. If Bitcoin falters, there’s no encore that can him.a flash of inspiration

Sometimes the mind takes you to strange places. The other day, I stumbled across Madonna’s “Vogue” video, you know “strike a pose” and all that jazz, and it got me thinking. Not about her music (which, let’s be honest, hasn’t aged as gracefully as her PR team might hope), but about Michael Saylor and Bitcoin.\ \ Bear with me here, there’s a connection there. Madonna built an empire and her iconic name on catchy tunes and reinvention, even if her catalog feels a bit thin these days.\ Saylor? He’s doing something similar—taking an old act, dusting it off, and teaching it a new trick. Only instead of a microphone, he’s wielding Bitcoin, and Wall Street’s playing the role of the music industry, propping up the star despite a shaky back catalog (his initial business software).

Old school meets new moves

Think of Saylor as that veteran artist who’s been around for a few decades and think of bitcoin as a new style of music, a genre or a gimmick that’s popular with the kids. Old music stars sooner or later pick up on that, and even bring people in to do a cross-over song, a mix or god forbid, a duet.

MicroStrategy, his software company, was never a top hit scoring machine. More of a album full of B-sides that faded into obscurity (for those who don’t know, look up what a B-side song was).\ But then he stumbled onto Bitcoin, the shiny new genre that’s got the attention and attracted people because of the underlying asset (our tunes are here to stay).\ \ It’s not just a pivot; it’s a reinvention. Like an aging pop star learning to rap, Saylor’s taken his old-school business and remixed it into something attracting a decent audience at conferences for example. Like Madonna or the former Prince fulling arenas.\ He’s voguing alright; with bold moves, big loans, the support of his own music industry and a spotlight for his (sometimes Madonna lyrics like) ramblings.

*The Saylor trick: a ray of light on bitcoin* \ Here’s the play: Saylor’s turned MicroStrategy into a Bitcoin hoarding machine. Forget software licenses; his game is borrowing billions—through corporate bonds and stock sales, only to buy and hold Bitcoin. Bitcoin will outshine gold, bonds, even the S&P 500, Saylor says.\ It’s a gamble, an honorable one if you’re a bitcoiner, but it’s dressed up as a vision, and it’s got a self-fulfilling prophecy in it. Not only that, such a prophecy can only fully come to fruition if he’s not the only buyer of last resort of any significance. A music industry isn’t a real industry if there was only Madonna dancing on stage as the only mainstream artist.\ \ We had Prince, Michael Jackson, Taylor Swift, Bruno Mars or Dua Lipa and hundreds of other artists over time, vying for your money, attention span, and streaming minutes.\ The more Strategy buys, the more the Bitcoin crowd cheers, the higher the price climbs, and the more attention he gets. Speaking gigs, headlines, cult status—it’s a win-win, at least on paper. Strike the pose, indeed.

*The McDonald’s trick: value under the surface* \ It’s not the first time Michael Saylro remixes a tape from another artist so to speak.\ Let’s pivot to McDonald’s for a second, because there’s a parallel here. You think Big Macs when you think McDonald’s, but their real value hustle is actually real estate.

They own prime land, lease it to franchisees, and rake in rent—billions of it. The burgers? Just a tasty front for a property empire. Saylor’s pulling a similar move, but instead of buildings, his asset is Bitcoin.\ MicroStrategy’s software gig is the fries on the side — nice to have, but not the main course. He’s borrowing against the future value of BTC, betting it’ll keep climbing, just like McDonald’s banks on steady foot traffic and picking strategic (pun intended) locations.\ The difference? McDonald’s has a fallback if real estate tanks. Saylor’s all-in on bitcoin. (So far so good, if there’s one thing to go all-in on, it’s bitcoin anyway). That on itself is not an issue. But it’s important to know that the “location” is the asset for some while bitcoin is the “asset” for Strategy.\ Mc Donald’s assets are easy to spot: there are restaurants all over the place. Madonna’s concerts are also easy to spot: they sell out arenas left and right.\ Strategy’s bitcoin asset is less easy to spot, as we can’t see them, neither can we verify them. More on that later.

The hybrid star: Madonna meets McDonald’s

So, picture this: Saylor’s a cross between Madonna and a fast-food landlord. He’s the aging music icon who’s learned a flashy new dance, but underneath the glitter, he’s running a McDonald’s-style value play.\ It’s brilliant, in a way. Bitcoin’s scarcity fuels the hype, and his borrowing keeps the show on the road.\ Madonna’s legacy still sells records her name holds value, and McDonald’s can lean on its food business and brand, if the property game stumbles they can easily pivot back to basics and earn like they’ve always done on selling food and franchise income/licensing.\ Saylor? His software arm’s is rather dismal. If Bitcoin falters, there’s no encore that can him.

The music’s made in-house

Michael Saylor’s strategy with Strategy, is a bold, all-in bet on Bitcoin as the ultimate store of value. Essentially combining what Mc Donald’s does with the strong believe in bitcoin’s future (and fueling that believe with the fitting rhetoric).

It works like this: Since August 2020, Saylor’s company has been buying up more and more Bitcoin, making it their main asset instead of traditional cash or investments, and by March 2025, they own 506,137 BTC—worth about $42.8 billion (at $84,000 per Bitcoin). This, after spending $33.7 billion to buy it over time (DCA), including a massive 218887 BTC purchase late 2024 for $20.5 billion, giving them over 2.41% of all Bitcoin ever to exist (way more than companies like Marathon, Coinbase, Tesla or Riot).

To pull this off, they’ve borrowed heavily: owing $7.2 billion, mostly to Wall Street investors through special IOUs1 called convertible notes, which don’t need to be paid back until 2027, through 2029. These can either be settled with cash or swapped for Strategy stock. (there lies one of the main issues in my opinion, as the main asset’s price in USD is directly impacting the stock price of MSTR). A small example of this repeated correlation happened on March 28, 2025 when Strategy’s stock (MSTR) dropped 10.8% from $324.59 to $289.41, which was mirroring Bitcoin’s move down from $85,000 to $82,000 earlier.

This debt they have can be called “risky” by any stretch, with a high leverage rate of 39-40%, meaning they’ve borrowed a big chunk compared to what they own outright, but here’s the genius of it: they don’t have to sell their Bitcoin if its price drops, and they can refinance (borrow more later) to keep the dance going. As long as they find investors willing to bet on the later bitcoin price surge, but more importantly, as long as the song is liked by the new audience. If Michael Saylor is our “Madonna”, then there’s still not Taylor Swift or Rihanna in sight.

The creditors (big players, not banks) win if Bitcoin soars, as Strategy’s huge stash (potentially 2.9%+ of the market) nets them massive profits, or even if it crashes, they’re still in the game with other ways to make profit (not on bitcoin), since they can afford the risk. If someone is willing to bet 4 to 8 billion dollars, they’re probably not spooked by losing it all. More so, these Wall Streat people in the correct entourage, can probably afford such a gamble, and can stomach to lose it all if something goes horribly wrong as well, instead of risking being left out of a growing market. But since they’re probably the same people steering and “owning” the USD market anyway, they’re just conquering positions in a new market. The fact that they’re not real bitcoin-ethos people, but just “suits” in finance, can make the suspicious bitcoiners watching all of this unfold, even more uneasy.

So, Strategy sits on $44 billion in Bitcoin with just $7.2 billion in debt, voguing confidently. And Saylor’s betting the song never gets old, he’ll do the B-sides and re-mastering his old albums if necessary, but if Bitcoin’s value ever fades (for whatever reason), the real question is how long they can keep striking poses before the music stops. Remember: all money (fiat, gold, silver, bitcoin, nicely made papers) is a matter of trust.

As I have trust in bitcoin itself, but not so much in Strategy, I’ve take some precautions. I've started my own sort of "Strategy crash fund", with fiat money that only will come into action when strategy is done. The crash that we'll see after that goes down, will be such a tremendous opportunity, that I'll pour in some more fiat, gladly, and that will be the exact moment I will actually “sell all my chairs” (from Saylor’s well-known quote).

Purchases

Strategy’s Bitcoin purchases, don’t seem to jolt the market much either, no matter the size of the order. They always have the same sound: “it’s OTC, it doesn’t impact the market that much”.

Still, it’s strange to see: no one has ever come forward to tell anyone “I’ve sold 15000 bitcoin from my old stack to Saylor”, neither do we see any clear evidence and on-chain moves.

Take their first buy in August 2020 for example. Totaling 21454 BTC for $250 million at $11,652 per BTC; Bitcoin sat at $11,500 to $11,700 so barely moved, inching to $12,000 weeks later due to broader trends.

Same story in December 2020 with 29646 BTC for $650 million, there, the price hopped from $19,000 to $23,000, but a bull market was already raging. Fast forward to February 2021 (19452 BTC, for $1.026 billion (!)), March 2024 (9245 BTC, $623 million), November 2024 (55500 BTC, $5.4 billion), and March 2025 (6911 BTC, $584.1 million)

Bitcoin wobbled 2-15%, but always in line with existing momentum, not Strategy’s announcements. Their biggest buy, for a total of $5.4 billion (!) is just 0.3% of Bitcoin’s $1.7 trillion market cap, it’s too small to register as a blip even. But compared to the liquidity on the market and the “availability” on the OTC market, it should. More so, OTC bitcoin is announced as “for sale” somehow. A person with +25000 bitcoin is not standing on the side of the street yelling “hey man, wanna buy some bitcoin?”. There are specialized firms doing that for them, and making these available. This date is also used by some insiders and people who know this very small market (there aren’t that many bitcoiners sitting on such an amount after 2024 I guess). Data from Binance OTC, Coinspaid, kraken OTC, is highly private of course, but still, anything being sold over there, to Strategy or anyone else, would take larger amounts off the open market and the OTC market, making a price impact, certainly withing 2 years, as Bitcoin mining companies sit on an average buffer of 6 months depending on market conditions.

Strategy funds all of this by selling shares (diluting the pool big-time) or issuing convertible notes, and while SEC filings make faking these buys near-impossible. And even if Saylor is the Bitcoin version of Bernie Madoff, he could get away with it, if enough people "in the know" are willing to support this way of infesting (and investing in) the bitcoin economy. This would have to be a clear orchestrated attack on bitcoin, purely on the financial level then.

I don't believe this to be the case, but mathematically we have to take it into account as a very slight possibility.

After all, a company like "WorldCom"2 managed to scam their way out of different audits for years, until the scheme got bust and a enormous amount of investors lost their money after their CEO went to jail3 for exchange fraud.

I believe this could be the case with Strategy, but I give it a 3% chance (this might be low, but it's there, we can't outright dismiss the possibility).

Water in the wine

Strategy has also massively diluted its stock to fund Bitcoin buys, jumping from 10 million shares in 2020 to about 285 million by March 2025—a 2,750% increase, this happened after raising $4.25 billion from 2020 onwards and $20 billion of their $42 billion "21/21 Plan" by early 2025.

After the 10-for-1 stock split in August 2024, the number of MSTR shares grew from 16.5 million in 2023 to 284898 by end of 2024, a 1625% rise !!!. Add to that about 275 million more shares added in total (including 120 million in 2024 alone) and 1.975 million extra in March 2025 for $592.6 million.

So more and more tap water is poured in the wine, and it means each share’s ownership slice shrinks as new shares flood in, mostly via "at-the-market" sales and convertible note conversions. This is partly offset by share splits, but still, the rise in the number of stock is significant, and a big factor in evaluating MSTR.

In December 2024, they proposed hiking authorized shares to 10.33 billion (plus 1 billion preferred), approved in January 2025, setting the stage for even more if they keep selling.

The trend is clear: relentless selling. They might say “we never sell bitcoin”, but the same doesn’t count for their shares… which derive their value from bitcoin’s fiat price. So shareholders are betting on Bitcoin’s rise to offset the watering down of the share they hold. The more you think of it, the more ludicrous it sounds. It’s a loop of trust where the stock itself can only thrive if the company itself is an active, useful middleman. And so far, it’s only doing so for other Wall street companies, the biggest holders of MSTR shares:

Vanguard Group Inc, BlackRock, Capital International Investors, Jane Street Group, Susquehanna International Group

This on itself is also “normal” of course. In the flow of things. Like every aspect by itself in the whole Strategy setup is just normal. But combining all the factors makes it look a bit more… suspicious to me.

Supporting bitcoin ?

The real head-scratcher comes next: their secrecy and lack of community involvement. Strategy claims to hold 506137 BTC, likely cold-stored with partners like BitGo or Coinbase Custody, but no public wallet addresses back these claims up. Odd for a firm swearing never to sell.

There’s also the real risk that these partners are partly selling paper bitcoin (bitcoin they don't hold the keys to, or "promised" bitcoin) to Strategy, and that they just assume everything is audited and OK.

We can't estimate that, since we don't have any public MicroStrategy addresses or other ways to look at their holdings. This is for security reasons apparently, which raises another question: If they for example would show 300k+ BTC on-chain as proof, it’d boost trust, yet they don’t, hinting at a bigger play — maybe as a Wall Street-backed buyer of last resort for a new asset class.

Also Strategy’s software business and bitcoin “apps” (like the super simple Lightning email integration, and an on-chain digital ID system) is underwhelming to say the least (I literally know people that code such stuff on a free afternoon while they’re cooking dinner).

Their very minimal software innovation for the Bitcoin space, with basic Lightning features and an on-chain ID system, failing their their valuation as a 'Bitcoin company' in my opinion. More so, their business is ignoring the other innovation that would help bitcoin thrive. This is kind of a red flag for me. Why would a company sitting on +500 k bitcoin be hesitant about supporting the bitcoin eco-system more actively? They sure have the funds to do so, right? And they also have the right insights, info and spirit. Yet, they don’t.

They don’t fund developers for open-source projects, or Bitcoin’s growth in general (not publicly at least). So Saylor shines in talks, hyping Bitcoin’s future and Strategy’s stock, but it’s all the self fulfilling prophecy.

No grants, no real support for the community they lean on. It’s like they’re dancing to Bitcoin’s mixtape, raking in the spotlight, while giving little back. All the while some extremely needed projects lack funding, and most software companies in bitcoin who wish to innovate are begging and scraping funds together, in order to stay afloat. Something’s not ok with that. I can’t understand a company with that much power and money being part of this movement and loving bitcoin, while not actively supporting the development or the maintainers of the bitcoin software. (and yes, to keep their independence it’s best to keep it that way, that’s also an argument, but even then, giving out a grant to anyone that’s crucial in this industry, might help the whole ecosystem).

The show must go on—for now

The whole Strategy setup feels more and more like a performance to me. Saylor’s the star, doing the moves and Wall Street’s the record label, and we’re the audience, captivated by the spectacle and paying to see the show on occasion.

The suits keep funding him (free money, IOUs), just like the music industry props up a fading diva with a limited repertoire or drags a new star from her home studio on YouTube into the spotlights. H Saylor’s 21/21 Plan to the amount of $42 billion to snatch up more Bitcoin can be a grand finale that’s dazzling while the lights stay on.

Prediction: the music stops eventually

Here’s my take: Bitcoin will keep rising over a long period of time, and Saylor’s gambit will look like a genius move, until it doesn’t. All it takes is one big shot in Wall Street to find another shiny toy to play with, or another play to get their money working. The billions they’ve invested, will come back eventually, and if it doesn’t, it will mean the world has changed in their advantage as well in another way. Some people cannot lose, no matter what. Saylor’s now part of that, doing their bidding and doing his part for educating the other businesses.

He’s the only big buyer of last resort in this game so far. No one else is piling in with billions like he is. When the hype cools or the debt catches up, he’s got no real business to fall back on. The software? A relic. The Bitcoin bet can save him if the time is right, we’ll see about that. Time is his enemy not ally, and it always wins in the end. The pose can only hold so long. You can’t keep scoring free fiat, without either die on low valuation and dilution, or without at least 20 other Strategy-grade businesses jumping in to take their piece of the pie. So far, surprisingly, none of these two things happen. He keeps getting free fiat from Wall Street investors, and no other Saylor stands up. This can’t last forever. One of the two will happen by end of 2025.

Curtain call

Saylor’s a fascinating watch, a mix of investor-backed bravado, brains, and borrowed billions. Is it a masterstroke or a bitcoin version of Worldcom? I’m not sure. In any case, I would only invest in MSTR myself if the company has a real added value for bitcoin development and the bitcoin ecosystem. They could be the engine, the spirit, the core of bitcoin. Yet they’re just doing the poses. Let your body move to the rhythm.

AVB

If you like : tip here / other writings

1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOU

2 https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/audit_and_advisory_services/about/news/2021/worldcom_scandal.php

3 https://content.next.westlaw.com/Document/Ic6b4dd91644311dbbe1cf2d29fe2afe6/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)#:\~:text=Rep.-,6,Criminal%20ChargesThe music’s made in-house

Michael Saylor’s strategy with Strategy, is a bold, all-in bet on Bitcoin as the ultimate store of value. Essentially combining what Mc Donald’s does with the strong believe in bitcoin’s future (and fueling that believe with the fitting rhetoric).\ \ It works like this: Since August 2020, Saylor’s company has been buying up more and more Bitcoin, making it their main asset instead of traditional cash or investments, and by March 2025, they own 506,137 BTC—worth about $42.8 billion (at $84,000 per Bitcoin).\ This, after spending $33.7 billion to buy it over time (DCA), including a massive 218887 BTC purchase late 2024 for $20.5 billion, giving them over 2.41% of all Bitcoin ever to exist (way more than companies like Marathon, Coinbase, Tesla or Riot).\ \ To pull this off, they’ve borrowed heavily: owing $7.2 billion, mostly to Wall Street investors through special IOUs1 called convertible notes, which don’t need to be paid back until 2027, through 2029. These can either be settled with cash or swapped for Strategy stock. (there lies one of the main issues in my opinion, as the main asset’s price in USD is directly impacting the stock price of MSTR).\ A small example of this repeated correlation happened on March 28, 2025 when Strategy’s stock (MSTR) dropped 10.8% from $324.59 to $289.41, which was mirroring Bitcoin’s move down from $85,000 to $82,000 earlier.

This debt they have can be called “risky” by any stretch, with a high leverage rate of 39-40%, meaning they’ve borrowed a big chunk compared to what they own outright, but here’s the genius of it: they don’t have to sell their Bitcoin if its price drops, and they can refinance (borrow more later) to keep the dance going. As long as they find investors willing to bet on the later bitcoin price surge, but more importantly, as long as the song is liked by the new audience. If Michael Saylor is our “Madonna”, then there’s still not Taylor Swift or Rihanna in sight.

The creditors (big players, not banks) win if Bitcoin soars, as Strategy’s huge stash (potentially 2.9%+ of the market) nets them massive profits, or even if it crashes, they’re still in the game with other ways to make profit (not on bitcoin), since they can afford the risk. If someone is willing to bet 4 to 8 billion dollars, they’re probably not spooked by losing it all. More so, these Wall Streat people in the correct entourage, can probably afford such a gamble, and can stomach to lose it all if something goes horribly wrong as well, instead of risking being left out of a growing market. But since they’re probably the same people steering and “owning” the USD market anyway, they’re just conquering positions in a new market. The fact that they’re not real bitcoin-ethos people, but just “suits” in finance, can make the suspicious bitcoiners watching all of this unfold, even more uneasy.\ \ So, Strategy sits on $44 billion in Bitcoin with just $7.2 billion in debt, voguing confidently. And Saylor’s betting the song never gets old, he’ll do the B-sides and re-mastering his old albums if necessary, but if Bitcoin’s value ever fades (for whatever reason), the real question is how long they can keep striking poses before the music stops. Remember: all money (fiat, gold, silver, bitcoin, nicely made papers) is a matter of trust.

As I have trust in bitcoin itself, but not so much in Strategy, I’ve take some precautions.\ I've started my own sort of "Strategy crash fund", with fiat money that only will come into action when strategy is done. The crash that we'll see after that goes down, will be such a tremendous opportunity, that I'll pour in some more fiat, gladly, and that will be the exact moment I will actually “sell all my chairs” (from Saylor’s well-known quote).

Purchases

Strategy’s Bitcoin purchases, don’t seem to jolt the market much either, no matter the size of the order. They always have the same sound: “it’s OTC, it doesn’t impact the market that much”.\ \ Still, it’s strange to see: no one has ever come forward to tell anyone “I’ve sold 15000 bitcoin from my old stack to Saylor”, neither do we see any clear evidence and on-chain moves.\ \ Take their first buy in August 2020 for example. Totaling 21454 BTC for $250 million at $11,652 per BTC; Bitcoin sat at $11,500 to $11,700 so barely moved, inching to $12,000 weeks later due to broader trends.

Same story in December 2020 with 29646 BTC for $650 million, there, the price hopped from $19,000 to $23,000, but a bull market was already raging.\ Fast forward to February 2021 (19452 BTC, for $1.026 billion (!)), March 2024 (9245 BTC, $623 million), November 2024 (55500 BTC, $5.4 billion), and March 2025 (6911 BTC, $584.1 million)\ \ Bitcoin wobbled 2-15%, but always in line with existing momentum, not Strategy’s announcements. Their biggest buy, for a total of $5.4 billion (!) is just 0.3% of Bitcoin’s $1.7 trillion market cap, it’s too small to register as a blip even. But compared to the liquidity on the market and the “availability” on the OTC market, it should.\ More so, OTC bitcoin is announced as “for sale” somehow. A person with +25000 bitcoin is not standing on the side of the street yelling “hey man, wanna buy some bitcoin?”. There are specialized firms doing that for them, and making these available. This date is also used by some insiders and people who know this very small market (there aren’t that many bitcoiners sitting on such an amount after 2024 I guess). Data from Binance OTC, Coinspaid, kraken OTC, is highly private of course, but still, anything being sold over there, to Strategy or anyone else, would take larger amounts off the open market and the OTC market, making a price impact, certainly withing 2 years, as Bitcoin mining companies sit on an average buffer of 6 months depending on market conditions.\ \ Strategy funds all of this by selling shares (diluting the pool big-time) or issuing convertible notes, and while SEC filings make faking these buys near-impossible. And even if Saylor is the Bitcoin version of Bernie Madoff, he could get away with it, if enough people "in the know" are willing to support this way of infesting (and investing in) the bitcoin economy. This would have to be a clear orchestrated attack on bitcoin, purely on the financial level then.

I don't believe this to be the case, but mathematically we have to take it into account as a very slight possibility.

After all, a company like "WorldCom"2 managed to scam their way out of different audits for years, until the scheme got bust and a enormous amount of investors lost their money after their CEO went to jail3 for exchange fraud.

I believe this could be the case with Strategy, but I give it a 3% chance (this might be low, but it's there, we can't outright dismiss the possibility).

Water in the wine

Strategy has also massively diluted its stock to fund Bitcoin buys, jumping from 10 million shares in 2020 to about 285 million by March 2025—a 2,750% increase, this happened after raising $4.25 billion from 2020 onwards and $20 billion of their $42 billion "21/21 Plan" by early 2025.\ \ After the 10-for-1 stock split in August 2024, the number of MSTR shares grew from 16.5 million in 2023 to 284898 by end of 2024, a 1625% rise !!!. Add to that about 275 million more shares added in total (including 120 million in 2024 alone) and 1.975 million extra in March 2025 for $592.6 million.\ \ So more and more tap water is poured in the wine, and it means each share’s ownership slice shrinks as new shares flood in, mostly via "at-the-market" sales and convertible note conversions.\ This is partly offset by share splits, but still, the rise in the number of stock is significant, and a big factor in evaluating MSTR.\ \ In December 2024, they proposed hiking authorized shares to 10.33 billion (plus 1 billion preferred), approved in January 2025, setting the stage for even more if they keep selling.\ \ The trend is clear: relentless selling.\ They might say “we never sell bitcoin”, but the same doesn’t count for their shares… which derive their value from bitcoin’s fiat price.\ So shareholders are betting on Bitcoin’s rise to offset the watering down of the share they hold. The more you think of it, the more ludicrous it sounds. It’s a loop of trust where the stock itself can only thrive if the company itself is an active, useful middleman.\ And so far, it’s only doing so for other Wall street companies, the biggest holders of MSTR shares:

Vanguard Group Inc, BlackRock, Capital International Investors, Jane Street Group, Susquehanna International Group\ \ This on itself is also “normal” of course. In the flow of things.\ Like every aspect by itself in the whole Strategy setup is just normal. But combining all the factors makes it look a bit more… suspicious to me.

Supporting bitcoin ?

The real head-scratcher comes next: their secrecy and lack of community involvement.\ Strategy claims to hold 506137 BTC, likely cold-stored with partners like BitGo or Coinbase Custody, but no public wallet addresses back these claims up. Odd for a firm swearing never to sell.

There’s also the real risk that these partners are partly selling paper bitcoin (bitcoin they don't hold the keys to, or "promised" bitcoin) to Strategy, and that they just assume everything is audited and OK.

We can't estimate that, since we don't have any public MicroStrategy addresses or other ways to look at their holdings. This is for security reasons apparently, which raises another question:\ If they for example would show 300k+ BTC on-chain as proof, it’d boost trust, yet they don’t, hinting at a bigger play — maybe as a Wall Street-backed buyer of last resort for a new asset class.

Also Strategy’s software business and bitcoin “apps” (like the super simple Lightning email integration, and an on-chain digital ID system) is underwhelming to say the least (I literally know people that code such stuff on a free afternoon while they’re cooking dinner).

Their very minimal software innovation for the Bitcoin space, with basic Lightning features and an on-chain ID system, failing their their valuation as a 'Bitcoin company' in my opinion. More so, their business is ignoring the other innovation that would help bitcoin thrive. This is kind of a red flag for me.\ Why would a company sitting on +500 k bitcoin be hesitant about supporting the bitcoin eco-system more actively? They sure have the funds to do so, right? And they also have the right insights, info and spirit.\ Yet, they don’t.\ \ They don’t fund developers for open-source projects, or Bitcoin’s growth in general (not publicly at least). So Saylor shines in talks, hyping Bitcoin’s future and Strategy’s stock, but it’s all the self fulfilling prophecy.\ \ No grants, no real support for the community they lean on.\ It’s like they’re dancing to Bitcoin’s mixtape, raking in the spotlight, while giving little back. All the while some extremely needed projects lack funding, and most software companies in bitcoin who wish to innovate are begging and scraping funds together, in order to stay afloat.\ Something’s not ok with that.\ I can’t understand a company with that much power and money being part of this movement and loving bitcoin, while not actively supporting the development or the maintainers of the bitcoin software. (and yes, to keep their independence it’s best to keep it that way, that’s also an argument, but even then, giving out a grant to anyone that’s crucial in this industry, might help the whole ecosystem).

The show must go on—for now

The whole Strategy setup feels more and more like a performance to me. Saylor’s the star, doing the moves and Wall Street’s the record label, and we’re the audience, captivated by the spectacle and paying to see the show on occasion.\ \ The suits keep funding him (free money, IOUs), just like the music industry props up a fading diva with a limited repertoire or drags a new star from her home studio on YouTube into the spotlights. H\ Saylor’s 21/21 Plan to the amount of $42 billion to snatch up more Bitcoin can be a grand finale that’s dazzling while the lights stay on.

Prediction: the music stops eventually

Here’s my take: Bitcoin will keep rising over a long period of time, and Saylor’s gambit will look like a genius move, until it doesn’t. All it takes is one big shot in Wall Street to find another shiny toy to play with, or another play to get their money working. The billions they’ve invested, will come back eventually, and if it doesn’t, it will mean the world has changed in their advantage as well in another way. Some people cannot lose, no matter what. Saylor’s now part of that, doing their bidding and doing his part for educating the other businesses.\ \ He’s the only big buyer of last resort in this game so far. No one else is piling in with billions like he is. When the hype cools or the debt catches up, he’s got no real business to fall back on. The software? A relic. The Bitcoin bet can save him if the time is right, we’ll see about that.\ Time is his enemy not ally, and it always wins in the end. The pose can only hold so long. You can’t keep scoring free fiat, without either die on low valuation and dilution, or without at least 20 other Strategy-grade businesses jumping in to take their piece of the pie.\ So far, surprisingly, none of these two things happen.\ He keeps getting free fiat from Wall Street investors, and no other Saylor stands up.\ This can’t last forever. One of the two will happen by end of 2025.\ \ Curtain call

Saylor’s a fascinating watch, a mix of investor-backed bravado, brains, and borrowed billions.\ Is it a masterstroke or a bitcoin version of Worldcom?\ I’m not sure. In any case, I would only invest in MSTR myself if the company has a real added value for bitcoin development and the bitcoin ecosystem. They could be the engine, the spirit, the core of bitcoin.\ Yet they’re just doing the poses.\ Let your body move to the rhythm.

AVB

If you like : tip here / other writings

1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOU

2 https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/audit_and_advisory_services/about/news/2021/worldcom_scandal.php

3

https://content.next.westlaw.com/Document/Ic6b4dd91644311dbbe1cf2d29fe2afe6/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)#:\~:text=Rep.-,6,Criminal%20Charges

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

• Once activated, "Accept From Any Mint” is the default setting. This is the easiest way to get started, let's the user start acceptance Cashu ecash just out of the box.
• If someone does want to be selective, they can choose “Accept From Trusted Mints,” and that brings up a field where they can add specific mint URLs they trust.
• “Find a Mint” section on the right with a button links directly to bitcoinmints.com, already filtered for Cashu mints, so users can easily browse options.
• Mint info modal shows mint technical details stuff from the NUT06 spec. Since this is geared towards the more technical users I left the field names and NUT number as-is instead of trying to make it more semantic.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/928800

@ 30b99916:3cc6e3fe

btcpayserver #lightning #lnd #powershell

BTCpayAPI now supports file upload

I'm continuing to add functionality to BTCpay and BTCpayAPI which is using REST Api(s) to manage my BTCPAY server and LND cloud instance. It is nice to have this just running locally on my home Linux desktop.

Here is the code that implements this functionality.

``` "Uploadfile" {

$apislug = "api/v1/files"

$filepath = Split-Path $options

$filename = Split-Path $options -Leaf

CONST

$CODEPAGE = "iso-8859-1" # alternatives are ASCII, UTF-8

Read file byte-by-byte

$fileBin = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($options)

Convert byte-array to string

$enc = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding($CODEPAGE) $fileEnc = $enc.GetString($fileBin)

We need a boundary (something random() will do best)

$boundary = [System.Guid]::NewGuid().ToString() $LF = "rn" $bodyLines = ( "--$boundary", "Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="$fileName"", "Content-Type: application/octet-stream$LF", $fileEnc, "--$boundary--$LF" ) -join $LF

$URI = $BTCPayCfg.BTCpayApi.GreenApi.url + $apislug $apiKeyToken = 'token ' + $script:BTCPAY_API $headers = @{'Authorization'=$apiKeyToken}

return Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Method Post -Headers $headers -ContentType "multipart/form-data; boundary="$boundary"" -Body $bodyLines

} ``` Here is the revision history since my last article.

Version Date Whom Notes ======= ========== ======== ===================================================== 0.1.4 03/28/2025 cadayton Added UploadFile method to upload a file to the BTCpay server 0.1.3 03/27/2025 cadayton Added GetFiles returns listing of files uploaded to BTCpay server 0.1.2 03/19/2025 cadayton ForwardingHistory new parameter "total_fees" tallys mfees for events returned 0.1.1 03/18/2025 cadayton ForwardingHistory now support additional parameters 0.1.0 03/15/2025 cadayton initial release. The inspiration for this logic was adapted from weipah . One wouldn't think uploading a single file wouldn't require this much coding. The Greenfield's REST Api documentation for this end point wasn't very helpful.

In my book, good end-user documentation of one's code is just as important as the code itself. I believe documentation is usually lacking on most projects because the effort of doing so is almost equal to the effort of writing the code. It is also the least fun part about writing code.

The job is not done until the paper work has been completed. :)

https://btcpayserver.sytes.net

@ 42c85a20:14afbc38

Back when Twitter was censoring free speech nostr looked like the only alternative where people would migrate and grow the network; however, now that X is open to free thinking, the perfect storm to enable nostr to grow has been quelled.

How will the nostr universe ever expand unless people in the main stream "centralized" social medias see the light? The illusion of free speech on X is dangerous as people blindly give their trust that the rug will not be pulled; and willingly remain under a tyrannical system.

Perhaps there is some other utility which nostr would be useful for vs just another version of twillter; like exit polls for elections which could fail safe the integrity of voting; or community BBS (bulletin boards) where the people can connect with their neighbours without giving up their real address or identity.

When the main stream social medias' fail again; the next time they break the trust of the people, we must be ready to replace them; we must think outside the box now and build those decentralized utilities now.

@ 83279ad2:bd49240d

test

@ ff517fbf:fde1561b

はじめに：なぜKYCなしP2P取引か

ビットコインは元々、ピア・ツー・ピア（P2P）の電子通貨システムとして設計されました。サトシ・ナカモトのビットコイン白書でも、「信頼ではなく暗号学的証明に基づく電子決済システム」によって、第三者を介さずに当事者同士が直接取引できることが必要だと述べられています。つまり、本来ビットコインは銀行などの仲介者なしで個人同士が直接送金・売買できる社会的意義を持っているのです。

しかし現在、多くの暗号資産取引所では規制上の理由からKYC（本人確認）手続きが求められ、個人情報の提出が必要です。KYCはユーザーのプライバシー喪失やデータ漏洩リスクにつながりかねず、また口座凍結や資金没収といった中央集権的管理のリスクもあります。経済的にも、第三者を介することで手数料が高くなったり、地域によっては銀行や政府の制限でビットコインの購入が困難になる場合もあります。

こうした背景からノンKYCのP2P取引プラットフォームを利用するメリットは大きいです。例えば HodlHodl(@npub1yul83qxn35u607er3m7039t6rddj06qezfagfqlfw4qk5z5slrfqu8ncdu) は、匿名で世界中のユーザーと直接ビットコインを売買できるグローバルなP2Pマーケットプレイスです。HodlHodlではユーザー同士が直接取引し、サイト運営側はビットコインを一切預かりません。取引はマルチシグエスクロー(2-of-3の多重署名契約)で安全に管理され、取引手数料も最大0.5%と低く抑えられています。プライバシーとセキュリティを確保しながら、銀行口座や身分証なしでビットコインを売買できるため、社会的にも経済的にも大きな意義があります。

本チュートリアルでは、HodlHodlを使ってビットコインを購入・販売する具体的な手順を分かりやすく解説します。また、HodlHodlの安全性（マルチシグエスクローによる非中央集権型の管理）や、他のプラットフォームにはない特徴（本人確認不要、ユーザー自身による鍵の管理、APIやレンディングサービスの活用など）についても説明します。P2P取引に不慣れで不安を感じている方にも安心してご利用いただけるよう、丁寧で親しみやすい言葉で案内していきます。

HodlHodlの基本準備

アカウント登録： HodlHodlの利用を開始するには、まず無料のアカウント登録を行います。必要なのはメールアドレスとパスワードだけで、ユーザー名や身分証の提出は不要です。登録後に届く確認メール内のリンクをクリックすれば、すぐに取引を始められます。

ビットコインウォレットの用意： HodlHodlは取引の際にユーザー自身のビットコインウォレットを使用するノンカストディアル方式です。プラットフォーム上にウォレットは用意されていないため、事前に自分のビットコインウォレットを準備してください。例えばモバイルウォレットやハードウェアウォレットなど、自分だけが秘密鍵を管理できるウォレットを用意しましょう。買い手の場合は購入したビットコインを受け取るウォレットが必要になり、売り手の場合は売却するビットコインを自身のウォレットからエスクローに送金する必要があります。

ビットコインを購入する方法（Buy BTC）

それでは、HodlHodlでビットコインを購入（Buy） する手順を見ていきましょう。以下では、日本円（JPY）を銀行振込で支払ってビットコインを買う例を想定して説明しますが、基本的な流れは他の通貨や支払い方法でも同じです。

1. 「Buy BTC」をクリックする: HodlHodlにログインし、画面上部のヘッダー左側にある「Buy BTC」ボタンをクリックします。これにより、現在出ているビットコイン売り注文（オファー）の一覧ページに移動します。

2. 検索フィルターの設定: オファー一覧ページでは、自分の希望条件でオファーを絞り込むことができます。国、法定通貨、取引タイプ、支払い方法、金額などのフィルター項目があります。例えば日本で銀行振込により購入したい場合、「Country（国）」をJapan、「Currency（通貨）」をJPY、「Payment method（支払い方法）」を Bank Transfer 銀行振込に設定します（他の項目は必要に応じて指定します）。フィルターは任意ですが、自分に合った支払い方法や金額範囲のオファーを探すのに役立ちます。

3. オファーを選ぶ: フィルターを適用すると、条件に合致する売り手のオファー一覧が表示されます。各オファーにはレート（価格）、取引可能額範囲、支払い方法、売り手の評価などが記載されています。希望に合うオファーが見つかったら、そのオファーの詳細をクリックします。例えば「1 BTC = 〇〇JPY」のようなレートで、自分が購入したい額に対応できるオファーを選びましょう。初めて取引する場合は、評価の高い売り手や少額からの取引を選ぶと安心です。

1. 購入量と受取アドレスの入力: オファーをクリックすると、取引の詳細入力画面になります。ここで購入したいビットコインの量を入力します（ビットコイン量あるいは法定通貨換算額のどちらでも入力可能です）。多くの場合、最低・最大取引額が決まっているので、その範囲内で入力してください。また、ビットコインの受取先アドレスを求められます。これは購入後にビットコインを受け取る自分のウォレットアドレスです。アカウントの設定で事前に登録したアドレスがあれば自動で表示されますが、都度指定することも可能です。さらに、支払い方法が複数指定されているオファーでは希望の支払い方法を選択します（例：銀行振込の中でも特定の銀行を指定できる場合があります）。最後に、取引相手（売り手）への伝達メッセージ欄があれば、必要に応じてコメントを記入します。入力が完了したら内容を確認し、「Create contract（契約作成）」 的なボタンを押して取引を開始します。

2. エスクローアドレスの生成: 契約が作成されると、取引画面上にエスクロー（第三者保管用マルチシグアドレス）を生成するための手順が表示されます。ここで 「Generate escrow（エスクロー生成）」 ボタンをクリックし、プラットフォームに登録したペイメントパスワード（支払い用パスワード）を入力します。ペイメントパスワードはHodlHodlで取引の署名に使われる特別なパスワードで、初回取引時に設定しておく必要があります。正しく入力すると、この取引専用のビットコインエスクローアドレスが自動生成されます。あとは売り手がそのエスクローアドレスにビットコインを入金するのを待ちます。画面上に「waiting for deposit（入金待ち）」等のステータスが表示されるので、しばらく待機してください。売り手が約束のビットコイン額をエスクローに送金し、一定のブロック承認（Confirmations）が得られると、取引ステータスが自動で更新されます。

3. エスクロー入金の確認: ビットコインがマルチシグエスクローにロックされ、取引ステータスが「In progress（進行中）」や「Deposited（入金済み）」といった表示に変わったことを必ず確認します。ステータス表示とブロックチェーン上の確認回数が条件を満たしたら、支払いを実行しても安全な状態であることを意味します（エスクローにロックされたビットコインは売り手単独では動かせません。取引ページには売り手が指定した支払い詳細（銀行口座情報など）が記載されていますので、その指示に従って売り手へ法定通貨の支払い（振込）を行います。例えば銀行振込の場合、指定された口座にJPYを送金します。この段階では、必ず取引ページを開いたままにしておきましょう。 支払いが完了したら、取引ページ上の「I’ve sent the payment（送金完了）」ボタンをクリックして、売り手に支払い実行済みであることを通知します。併せて、チャット機能で支払い完了の旨を伝えると良いでしょう。

4. 売り手によるビットコインのリリース: 買い手からの支払いが完了すると、売り手は自分の銀行口座等を確認して入金を検証します。売り手が入金を確認したら、取引ページ上で 「Release Bitcoin（ビットコインをリリース）」 ボタンを押し、ペイメントパスワードを入力してエスクローからビットコインを開放します。これにより、エスクロー上のビットコインが買い手の指定アドレス（先ほど入力した受取用ウォレットアドレス）に送信されます。売り手がビットコインをリリースすると取引ステータスが「Released（解放済み）」に変わり、まもなくブロックチェーン上で買い手のウォレットにビットコイン着金が確認できるでしょう。

5. 取引完了: ビットコインが無事自分のウォレットに届けば取引完了です。取引ページには「Completed（完了）」などのステータスが表示され、双方がお互いを評価できるようになります。初めてのP2P購入、お疲れさまでした！ 🎉

💡 重要な注意事項（買い手向け）: エスクローにビットコインがロックされる前に代金を支払ってはいけません。必ず取引ステータスが「Deposited」や「In progress」になるのを確認してから支払いを実行してください。また、取引には売り手が入金を確認してからビットコインをリリースするまでの制限時間（Payment window）が設定されています。時間内に支払いが完了しないと取引が自動キャンセルされる場合がありますのでご注意ください。困ったことがあれば、取引ページのチャットで相手に連絡することもできます。万一、支払いを送ったのに売り手がビットコインをリリースしない場合は、支払い期限が過ぎてからディスピュート（紛争解決手続き） を開始することも可能です。

ビットコインを販売する方法（Sell BTC）

次に、HodlHodlでビットコインを販売（Sell） する手順を説明します。基本的な流れは購入時と似ていますが、立場が逆になる点（自分がビットコインをエスクローに預け、買い手からの支払いを待つ点）に注意してください。以下では、日本で銀行振込によりJPYを受け取ってビットコインを売る場合を例に解説します。

1. 「Sell BTC」をクリックする: HodlHodlにログイン後、画面上部左側の「Sell BTC」ボタンをクリックします。これで現在出ているビットコイン買い注文（買い手のオファー）一覧ページに移動します。

2. 検索フィルターの設定: 買い手オファー一覧から、自分が対応可能な条件のオファーを探します。フィルター項目はBuyの場合と同様で、国、通貨、支払いタイプ、支払い方法、金額などを指定できます。日本円での銀行振込を希望する買い手を探す場合、国をJapan、通貨をJPY、支払い方法をBank Transferに設定して検索します。

3. オファーを選ぶ: 条件に合致する買い手のオファーが一覧表示されるので、希望に合うものをクリックします。各オファーには買い手が希望するレートや取引限度額、支払い方法、買い手の評価などが記載されています。有利なレートかつ信頼できそうな相手を選びましょう。初取引で不安な場合は、小額で高評価の買い手から始めるとよいです。

4. 売却量と受取情報の入力: オファー詳細画面で、売却したいビットコイン量を入力します（または必要な法定通貨額）。オファーごとに最低・最大額が設定されているので範囲内で入力してください。続いてビットコインの受取アドレス欄がありますが、これは取引完了時に買い手がビットコインを受け取るアドレスです。売り手である自分が入力する必要は基本的になく、買い手側が受取先を指定するか、既に買い手のダッシュボード設定で決まっています。次に、受け取りたい支払い方法が複数記載されている場合は希望の方法を選択します（例えば「Bank Transfer」の中でも特定の銀行名など）。コメント欄があれば取引相手（買い手）へのメッセージを任意で入力します。内容を確認し問題なければ 「Create contract（契約作成）」 ボタンを押して取引を開始します。

5. エスクローアドレスの生成: 契約が作成されると、エスクロー用のビットコインアドレスを生成する段階に進みます。ここで 「Generate escrow」 ボタンをクリックし、ペイメントパスワードを入力します（買い手の手順と同様）。これにより、この取引専用のマルチシグエスクローアドレスが発行されます。次に 自分（売り手）が売却予定のビットコインをエスクローアドレスに送金 します。取引画面上に正確なBTC額と対応するQRコードが表示されるので、自分のウォレットからそのアドレスへ送金してください。送金したら 「I’ve sent the funds（送金完了）」 ボタンを押してビットコインをエスクローに預けたことを通知します。

1. エスクローへのビットコインロック: ビットコインを送金するとブロックチェーン上で一定回数の承認（Confirmations）を経て、エスクローにロックされます。取引ステータスが「In progress（進行中）」や「Deposited」に変わり、買い手は安心して支払いを行える状態になります。あとは買い手からの法定通貨支払いを待ちます。取引画面で支払い期限（Payment window）内に買い手が支払いを完了し、「支払い送信済み」のボタンを押すとステータスが「Paid（支払い済み）」に変わります。

2. 支払いの受領確認: ステータスが「Paid」になったら、買い手が送金を完了したことを意味します。すぐに自分の銀行口座など該当の支払い方法で入金を確認しましょう。金額が全額正しく受け取れたことを確認できたら、取引ページ上で 「Release deposit（デポジットを解放）」 ボタンをクリックし、ペイメントパスワードを入力してエスクローのビットコインを開放します。これにより、エスクローにロックされていたビットコインが買い手に送付されます。

3. 取引完了: ビットコインをリリースすれば取引完了。ステータスが「Completed」に変わり、買い手は間もなく自分のウォレットでビットコインを受け取るでしょう。最後にお互いを評価して取引終了となります。初めてのP2P売却、お疲れさまでした！ 🎉

💡 重要な注意事項（売り手向け）: 支払いを受け取る前にビットコインをエスクローから**絶対にリリースしないでください。買い手からの入金を自分の銀行口座等で確実に確認できてから、ビットコインを解放するようにしましょう。また、もしビットコインをエスクローに送金した後で買い手から支払いが行われず期限切れ（Payment window経過）になった場合、取引をキャンセルしてエスクローのビットコインを自分に返還することができます。取引中は常に取引相手とのチャットで連絡を取り合い、不明点を確認するよう心がけましょう。

HodlHodlの安全性：マルチシグと非カストディアル設計

● マルチシグエスクローによる資金保護: HodlHodl最大の特徴は、2-of-3のマルチシグエスクロー(multisignature escrow)によって取引資金を保護している点です。取引が成立すると、自動的に3つの秘密鍵が関与するビットコインアドレスが生成されます。この3つの鍵のうち2つの署名があれば資金を動かせる仕組みになっており、鍵の配分は「売り手」「買い手」「HodlHodl運営」の三者にそれぞれ1つです。取引中、ビットコインはブロックチェーン上のエスクローアドレスにロックされ、双方の合意なしには動かせまん。つまり、売り手は買い手の同意なしにビットコインを引き出すことはできず、逆に買い手も売り手の協力なしにビットコインを入手することはできません。両者が取引を完了すれば売り手+買い手の2署名でリリースが可能となり、万一トラブルが起きた場合にはHodlHodl運営が仲裁役として（買い手または売り手の一方と協力し）2署名目を提供することで不正を防ぎます。このようにマルチシグ契約によって、詐欺や持ち逃げのリスクを最小限に抑え、安全かつ公平な取引が実現されています。

● 非カストディアル（ユーザー主導の資金管理）: HodlHodlは取引プラットフォームでありながら、ユーザー資金を一切預からないという非カストディアル設計を貫いています。取引中のビットコインは常にマルチシグエスクローにあり、HodlHodl運営が単独で動かすことはできません。これはつまり、中央集権的な取引所とは異なり、HodlHodlがハッキング被害に遭ってもユーザーのビットコインが盗まれる心配がないことを意味します。またプラットフォームが万一ダウンしたりサービス提供を停止した場合でも、当事者間で2つの鍵さえあればエスクローのビットコインを取り戻すことが可能です（※この場合やや技術的な手順が必要になりますが、HodlHodlが完全に消失するケースでも資金はブロックチェーン上に安全に存在し続けます）。HodlHodl運営は3つの鍵のうち1つを保有するのみで、しかもそれは紛争時の仲裁に使うためのものです。通常の取引では運営が介在することなく、ユーザー同士で完結します。以上のように、HodlHodlはカストディアルな第三者を排除し、利用者自身が資金と取引の主導権を握るというビットコイン本来の精神に沿った安全設計となっています。

● 評判システムと取引履歴: HodlHodlでは、各ユーザーに公開の評価（Rating）と取引履歴が紐づいています。取引を完了するごとに互いにレビューを残せるため、他ユーザーの信頼度を事前に知ることができます。初めて取引する相手がどんな評価を受けているか、過去の取引回数や成功率などの情報を確認することで、怪しい相手を避けることが可能です。特に初心者のうちは評価の高い相手を選ぶ、もしくは身近に信頼できるユーザーがいればトラスト機能（他のP2Pプラットフォームでの実績を証明する仕組みや信用できるユーザーをお気に入り登録する機能）を活用すると良いでしょう。

● 二要素認証(2FA)と信頼できる端末: アカウントの不正アクセス対策として、HodlHodlは二段階認証(2FA)のオプションを提供しています。AuthyやGoogle Authenticatorと連携し、一度設定すればログイン時にパスワードに加え6桁のコード入力が求められるようになります。これにより、万一パスワードが漏洩しても本人のデバイスがなければログインできず、アカウントを保護できます。またTrusted Devices（信頼できる端末）機能を有効にすると、新しいデバイスからログインしようとした際にメール確認が必要となり、ユーザーの許可なく不審な端末からアクセスされるのを防ぎます。初心者の方でも、アカウント登録後は設定画面から2FAや信頼できる端末機能を有効化しておくことを強くおすすめします。

● ディスピュート（紛争解決）機能: 万が一取引相手との間でトラブルが発生した場合（例：買い手は支払ったと主張しているが売り手が確認できない等）、HodlHodlのプラットフォーム上でディスピュート（紛争）を開始することができます。ディスピュートが発生すると、HodlHodlのサポートチームが両者から事情を聞き、中立的な立場で問題解決に当たります。必要に応じて前述の運営のマルチシグ鍵を用いて適切な側にビットコインをリリースするなど、公平な裁定が行われます。ディスピュートは最終手段ではありますが、万一の場合の安心材料として覚えておいてください。

以上のように、HodlHodlは技術的・制度的な多層防御によってユーザーの資金と取引の安全を確保しています。他のユーザーの評価を確認する、取引手順を順守する（エスクロー未成立での送禁止等、アカウントのセキュリティ設定を有効にするといったユーザー自身の注意もあわせて心掛ければ、P2P取引でも安心してビットコインを利用できるでしょう。

HodlHodlの特徴：他プラットフォームとの違い

最後に、HodlHodlが他のビットコイン取引サービスと比べて優れている点、特徴的な点を整理します。初めて利用する際の不安解消にもつながるポイントです。

• 🌐 KYC不要の匿名取引: HodlHodl最大の特徴は、本人確認（KYC）なしでビットコイン取引ができる点です。メールアドレスさえあれば世界中誰でも利用開始でき、パスポートや身分証の提出は一切求められません。これはプライバシー保護の面で大きな利点ですし、取引履歴が本人名義に紐付かないため将来的な資産没収や口座凍結のリスクも低減します。規制が厳しい地域のユーザーや銀行口座を持てない人々でも、HodlHodlならビットコイン経済に参加しやすくなっています。

• 🔐 ユーザーが鍵を管理する非中央集権型取引: 前述の通り、HodlHodlはノンカストディアルなP2P取引所であり、ユーザー自身が資産の鍵を管理します。取引ごとにマルチシグのエスクローが生成され、利用者はその一方の鍵を保持します。そのため「取引所にビットコインを預けっぱなしにしていたらハッキングで失った」といった事態が起こりません。常に自身のウォレットから直接取引を行うため、ビットコインの自主管理の原則**が守られています。中央集権的な管理者がいない分、自分で秘密鍵を安全に保管する責任は伴いますが、その分だけ第三者リスクが排除された公平な環境と言えます。

• 💱 世界中の通貨と多様な決済方法に対応: HodlHodlはグローバルなプラットフォームであり、世界中のあらゆる法定通貨 で取引できます。現在100を超える国の通貨と地域が利用されており、取引に使える決済方法も100種類以上と非常に豊富です。銀行振込やオンライン決済サービスはもちろん、現金の対面受け渡しやギフトカード、電子マネー、モバイル送金、さらには商品と交換などユニークな方法までユーザーが自由にオファーを作成できます。これにより、自分の利用しやすい手段で取引相手を見つけられる柔軟性があります。他のプラットフォームだと対応通貨や決済手段が限定されがちですが、HodlHodlでは*「自分の条件でオファーを作成できる」 の強みです。

• 💰 低い手数料と透明な料金体系: HodlHodlの取引手数料は一律0.5%（買い手と売り手で折半で各0.25%ずつ負担）と比較的低コストです。しかも手数料は取引成立時にビットコイン額から自動控除される仕組みで、隠れたコストがありません。さらに紹介プログラムを利用すると0.45%に割引されるなどの優遇もあります。入出金に伴う手数料も基本的に存在せず、各自が使うウォレットの送金手数料以外に余計な負担はありません。他の取引所でありがちな「出金手数料が高額」「スプレッドが不透明」といった心配もなく、明朗会計でユーザーに優しい料金体系です。

• 🤝 初心者に優しいインターフェース: P2P取引というと難しそうな印象を持たれるかもしれませんが、HodlHodlのサイトはシンプルで直感的なインターフェースになっています​。必要な操作は「Buy BTC / Sell BTC」ボタンから進んでフォームに入力していくだけで、画面の指示に沿って進めれば迷うことは少ないでしょう。サイトは現在ウェブブラウザ経由で利用しますが、スマートフォンのブラウザからでも見やすく設計されています。専用アプリはありませんが、その分アップデート時にもすぐ全員が最新機能を利用できます（ダウンロード不要で常に最新版が提供されるメリットです。また、取引画面にはリアルタイムのチャット機能があり、相手ユーザーと直接コミュニケーションを取れるため安心です。困ったときは相手に質問したり状況を確認できるので、言葉の壁がある場合でも定型文や翻訳を活用して意思疎通できます。

• 🛠 API提供による拡張性: HodlHodlは上級ユーザーや開発者向けに**公式APIを提供しています。APIを利用すると、自分のプログラムからHodlHodl上のオファー取得や契約作成、ステータス更新などを自動化することが可能です。例えば、マーケットメーカーとしてレートを自動調整したり、他のサービスと連携して複数のP2P取引所のオファーを比較表示する、といった応用ができます。APIキーはプロフィール設定から発行でき、ドキュメントも公開されているため高度な取引戦略を実装したいユーザーには魅力的な機能です。PaxfulやLocalBitcoinsなど一部他サービスでもAPIは提供されていますが、HodlHodlのAPIはエスクロー操作まで含め包括的にサポートしている点で強力です。

• 💳 ビットコインレンディングサービス: HodlHodlは現物取引だけでなく、ビットコイン担保のレンディング（貸借）プラットフォームも運営しています。サイト上部の「P2P Lending（レンディング）」からアクセスでき、ビットコインを担保にUSDTなど他の暗号資産を借りたり、あるいは逆に他の人に貸し出して利息収入を得ることができます。技術的には取引プラットフォームと同じマルチシグエスクロー方式を用いており、借り手がビットコインを担保としてエスクローにロックし、貸し手が安定通貨を送金することでローン契約が成立します。期間満了時に借り手が返済すればビットコイン担保が戻り、返済不能（延滞や価格変動での清算）の場合は貸し手に担保が渡る仕組みです。驚くべきことに、このレンディングサービスでも一切KYCは要求されません。短期のビットコイン活用や利息収入を得たいニーズに応えるユニークなサービスであり、HodlHodlを使いこなせば「ビットコインを売買するだけでなく、借りたり貸したりする」といった金融活用も可能になります。P2P Lendingについては、今後別のチュートリアルで詳しく説明します。

• 🧪 テストネットで練習可能: 「いきなり本番は不安…」という方向けに、HodlHodlはテストネット版サイトも提供しています。TESTNETでは、本物のビットコインではなくテスト用のビットコイン（signet**ネットワークのBTC）を使って、実際の取引手順を練習できます。架空の資金でHodlHodlの操作感を試せるため、初心者はまずテストネットで売買の流れをシミュレーションしてみると良いでしょう。十分に慣れてから本番取引に移行すれば、落ち着いて対処できます。テストネットBTCは各種ファウンセット（蛇口サイト hhtestnet.com）から無料でもらうことができ、HodlHodlのテスト環境で練習するのに役立ちます。

以上がHodlHodlの主な特徴と利点です。匿名性・安全性・使いやすさを兼ね備えたHodlHodlは、まさに「ビットコインをネイティブにP2P利用する」ための理想的なプラットフォームと言えるでしょう。初めは不安もあるかもしれませんが、本チュートリアルで説明した手順に沿って取引を行えば、きっとその手軽さと利便性に驚くはずです。ぜひHodlHodlでのP2P取引に挑戦してみてください。自分自身でビットコインを扱う経験を通じて、ビットコインの真の価値である「個人が金融の主導権を握ること」を実感できるでしょう🚀

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もしビットコインのP2P取引やHodlHodlなどについてもっと深く知りたい、あるいは個別に相談してみたいと思えば、どうぞお気軽にご連絡ください。1対1のコンサルも承っています。

サービスには決まった料金はありませんが、ご相談を通じて「役に立った」と思い、お悩みや疑問を解決できたと感じていただけたら、「3つのT」でのご支援（Value for Value）をぜひご検討ください：

• 時間（Time）：この記事をSNSなどでシェアしていただくこと。
• 才能（Talent）：コメントや補足情報などを通じて知識を共有していただくこと。
• 宝（Treasure）：世界で最も健全なお金、ビットコインの最小単位「sats」でのご支援。

もちろん、支援の有無にかかわらず、お力になれればとても嬉しいです。 では、また次回！

参考資料

• Bitcoin Whitepaper - Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic
• HodlHodl公式サイト - Welcome to Hodl ([P2P BITCOIN TRADING platform]
• HodlHodlヘルプセンター - How to buy Bitcoin / How to sell Bitcoin
• HodlHodlヘルプセンター - Why is trading on Hodl Hodl secure
• HodlHodl FAQ - Why should I use HodlHodl、How secure is trading on HodlHodl
• HodlHodl Medium - Hodl Hodl’s API release
• HodlHodl Lend FAQ - What is Lend a ([Earn Highest Returns on Your Crypto Investment - Lend at Hodl Hodl]
• ZoneBitcoin - Hodl Hodl: Tutorial on the anonymous and KYC-free P2P platform
• など

@ 30b99916:3cc6e3fe

Chef's Notes

My mom worked as a waitress for a excellent Chinese restaurant. For years she tried to get this receipt without success and finally after the owner retired he gave her the receipt.

Previously posted this receipt on Zap.Cooking but now wanting to keep all my long-form notes in Obsidian and publish to Nostr using the nostr-writer plug-in.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20 to 30 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 to 2 Hours depending on amount of spare ribs
• 🍽️ Servings: 8

Ingredients

• 1 Quart Dole Pineapple Juice
• 1 Pint Dole Crushed Pineapple
• 1 Pint Dole Tidbits Pineapple
• 1 TS Dried Mustard
• 32 Oz Brown sugar or add to taste
• 1 Cup Red Wine
• 2 TS Corn Starch
• 1 or 2 lbs Pork or Beef spare ribs
• Worcestershire sauce

Directions

1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees
2. Bring water to boil in 8 qt stock pot
3. Cut spare ribs and add to boiling water in stock pot
4. Boil spare ribs for 20 to 30 minutes to remove excess fat
5. Drain spare ribs and place onto cookie sheet
6. Base spare ribs with a generous amount of Worcestershire sauce
7. Place based spare ribs on cookie sheet and place into oven for 60 minutes.
8. Place first 6 ingredients into stock pot and bring to boil while CONTINUOUSLY stirring
9. Add corn starch to 2 cups of water and mix to create thickening agent
10. Add thickening agent incrementally to Sweet & Sour sauce for desired thickness
11. Reduce heat to low while CONTINUOUSLY stirring.
12. Remove spare ribs from oven and place into Sweet & Sour sauce.
13. Place stock pot into oven and cook until done. 1 to 2 hours.

Bon Appétit

@ 30b99916:3cc6e3fe

---

---

Chef's Notes

My mom worked as a waitress for a excellent Chinese restaurant. For years she tried to get this receipt without success and finally after the owner retired he gave her the receipt.

Previously posted this receipt on Zap.Cooking but now wanting to keep all my long-form notes in Obsidian and publish to Nostr using the nostr-writer plug-in.

---

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20 to 30 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 to 2 Hours depending on amount of spare ribs
• 🍽️ Servings: 8

Ingredients

• 1 Quart Dole Pineapple Juice
• 1 Pint Dole Crushed Pineapple
• 1 Pint Dole Tidbits Pineapple
• 1 TS Dried Mustard
• 32 Oz Brown sugar or add to taste
• 1 Cup Red Wine
• 2 TS Corn Starch
• 1 or 2 lbs Pork or Beef spare ribs
• Worcestershire sauce

Directions

1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees
2. Bring water to boil in 8 qt stock pot
3. Cut spare ribs and add to boiling water in stock pot
4. Boil spare ribs for 20 to 30 minutes to remove excess fat
5. Drain spare ribs and place onto cookie sheet
6. Base spare ribs with a generous amount of Worcestershire sauce
7. Place based spare ribs on cookie sheet and place into oven for 60 minutes.
8. Place first 6 ingredients into stock pot and bring to boil while CONTINUOUSLY stirring
9. Add corn starch to 2 cups of water and mix to create thickening agent
10. Add thickening agent incrementally to Sweet & Sour sauce for desired thickness
11. Reduce heat to low while CONTINUOUSLY stirring.
12. Remove spare ribs from oven and place into Sweet & Sour sauce.
13. Place stock pot into oven and cook until done. 1 to 2 hours.

Bon Appétit

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

@ 30b99916:3cc6e3fe

---

---

Chef's Notes

My mom worked as a waitress for a excellent Chinese restaurant. For years she tried to get this receipt without success and finally after the owner retired he gave her the receipt.

Previously posted this receipt on Zap.Cooking but now wanting to keep all my long-form notes in Obsidian and publish to Nostr using the nostr-writer plug-in.

---

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20 to 30 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 to 2 Hours depending on amount of spare ribs
• 🍽️ Servings: 8

Ingredients

• 1 Quart Dole Pineapple Juice
• 1 Pint Dole Crushed Pineapple
• 1 Pint Dole Tidbits Pineapple
• 1 TS Dried Mustard
• 32 Oz Brown sugar or add to taste
• 1 Cup Red Wine
• 2 TS Corn Starch
• 1 or 2 lbs Pork or Beef spare ribs
• Worcestershire sauce

Directions

1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees
2. Bring water to boil in 8 qt stock pot
3. Cut spare ribs and add to boiling water in stock pot
4. Boil spare ribs for 20 to 30 minutes to remove excess fat
5. Drain spare ribs and place onto cookie sheet
6. Base spare ribs with a generous amount of Worcestershire sauce
7. Place based spare ribs on cookie sheet and place into oven for 60 minutes.
8. Place first 6 ingredients into stock pot and bring to boil while CONTINUOUSLY stirring
9. Add corn starch to 2 cups of water and mix to create thickening agent
10. Add thickening agent incrementally to Sweet & Sour sauce for desired thickness
11. Reduce heat to low while CONTINUOUSLY stirring.
12. Remove spare ribs from oven and place into Sweet & Sour sauce.
13. Place stock pot into oven and cook until done. 1 to 2 hours.

Bon Appétit

@ 592295cf:413a0db9

The journey starts from the links in this article nostr-quick-start-guide

Starting from these links building a simple path should not cover everything, because impossible.

Today I saw that Verbiricha in his workshop on his channel used nstart, but then I distracted And I didn't see how he did it.

---

Go to nstart.me and read: Each user is identified by a cryptographic keypair Public key, Private key (is a lot of stuff)

You can insert a nickname and go, the nickname is not unique

there is a email backup things interesting, but a little boring, i try to generate an email

doesn't even require a strong password ok.

I received the email, great, it shows me the nsec encrypted in clear,

Send a copy of the file with a password, which contains the password encrypted key I know and I know it's a tongue dump.

Multi signer bunker

That's stuff, let's see what he says.

They live the private key and send it to servers and you can recompose it to login at a site of the protocol nostr. If one of these servers goes offline you have the private key that you downloaded first and then reactivate a bunker. All very complicated. But if one of the servers goes offline, how can I remake the split? Maybe he's still testing.

Nobody tells you where these bunkers are.

Okay I have a string that is my bunker (buker://), I downloaded it, easy no, now will tell me which client accepts the bunker.. .

Follow someone before you start?

Is a cluster of 5 people Snowden, Micheal Dilger, jb55, Fiatjaf, Dianele.

I choice Snowden profile, or you can select multiple profiles, extra wild.

Now select 5 clients

Coracle, Chachi, Olas, Nostur, Jumble

The first is Coracle

Login, ok I try to post a note and signing your note the spin does not end.

Maybe the bunker is diffective.

Let's try Chachi

Simpler than Coracle, it has a type login that says bunker. see if I can post

It worked, cool, I managed to post in a group.

Olas is an app but also a website, but on the website requires an extension, which I do not have with this account.

If I download an app how do I pass the bunker on the phone, is it still a password, a qrcode, a qrcode + password, something like that, but many start from the phone so maybe it's easy for them. I try to download it and see if it allows me to connect with a bunker.

Okay I used private-qrcode and it worked, I couldn't do it directly from Olas because it didn't have permissions and the qrcode was < encrypted, so I went to the same site and had the bunker copied and glued on Olas

Ok then I saw that there was the qrcode image of the bunker for apps lol moment

Ok, I liked it, I can say it's a victory.

Looks like none of Snowden's followers are Olas's lover, maybe the smart pack has to predict a photographer or something like that.

Okay I managed to post on Olas, so it works, Expiration time is broken.

As for Nostur, I don't have an ios device so I'm going to another one.

Login with Jumble, it works is a web app

I took almost an hour to do the whole route.

But this was just one link there are two more

Extensions nostr NIP-07

The true path is nip-07-browser-extensions | nostr.net

There are 19 links, maybe there are too many?

I mention the most famous, or active at the moment

1. Aka-profiles: Aka-profiles

Alby I don't know if it's a route to recommend

1. Blockcore Blockcore wallet

2. Nos2x Nos2x

3. Nos2xfox (fork for firefox) Nos2xfox

Nostore is (archived, read-only)

1. Nostrame Nostrame

2. Nowser per IOS Nowser

3. One key (was tricky) One key

Another half hour to search all sites

Nostrapps

Here you can make paths

Then nstart selects Coracle, Chachi, Olas,Nostur and Jumble

Good apps might be Amethyst, 0xchat, Yakihonne, Primal, Damus

for IOS maybe: Primal, Olas, Damus, Nostur, Nos-Social, Nostrmo

On the site there are some categories, I select some with the respective apps

Let's see the categories

Go to Nostrapps and read:

Microbbloging: Primal

Streaming: Zap stream

Blogging: Yakihonne

Group chat: Chachi

Community: Flotilla

Tools: Form *

Discovery: Zapstore (even if it is not in this catrgory)

Direct Message: 0xchat

@ 71550e6c:b64c37a9

Just do the same as this video shows.

Here's the video: https://cdn.azzamo.net/7cdcc2718f1e15eb03e323f62e07582b4001da273aa5c21475d680f02b32f0e9.mp4

One caveat: do not trust the draft will be kept here after you close nak fs. Wait, no, it definitely won't stay here, but I'm not even sure it will stay here if you only navigate away and come back later, FUSE is weird and I didn't test.

But at least it should work for copy-pasting. Or writing everything in one go.

@ 71550e6c:b64c37a9

This is a long-form post on Nostr.

Now Gigi can publish his stuff without complaining about NIP-23 client editors.

@ dfbbf851:ba4542b5

ในยุคดิจิทัลที่การสื่อสารมีบทบาทสำคัญต่อชีวิตประจำวัน เทคโนโลยี Cell Broadcast ได้กลายเป็นหนึ่งในเครื่องมือที่ทรงพลังสำหรับการแจ้งเตือนฉุกเฉิน ไม่ว่าจะเป็นภัยพิบัติหรือเหตุการณ์สำคัญที่ต้องแจ้งให้ประชาชนทราบอย่างทันท่วงที ⏳💡

---

📌 Cell Broadcast คืออะไร ?

Cell Broadcast (CB) เป็นเทคโนโลยีที่ใช้ส่งข้อความกระจายสัญญาณผ่านเครือข่ายโทรศัพท์มือถือ 🏗📶 โดยแตกต่างจาก SMS ตรงที่สามารถส่งข้อความถึงผู้ใช้จำนวนมากได้พร้อมกัน โดยไม่ต้องทราบหมายเลขโทรศัพท์ ของผู้รับ 📲💨

ข้อความ CB สามารถส่งถึงอุปกรณ์ที่รองรับในเครือข่ายมือถือที่เปิดใช้งานอยู่ภายในช่วงเวลาสั้น ๆ ⏱ และ ไม่ทำให้เครือข่ายล่ม

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✨ ข้อดีของ Cell Broadcast ✨

✅ ส่งข้อความรวดเร็ว – แจ้งเตือนได้ภายในไม่กี่วินาที แม้ในกรณีฉุกเฉิน ⚡🚀

✅ ไม่ต้องใช้หมายเลขโทรศัพท์ – กระจายสัญญาณไปยังอุปกรณ์ทุกเครื่องที่อยู่ในพื้นที่เป้าหมายได้โดยตรง 📡

✅ รองรับหลายภาษา – สามารถตั้งค่าการแจ้งเตือนให้เหมาะสมกับประชากรในแต่ละพื้นที่ 🌍🗣

✅ ไม่ทำให้เครือข่ายหนาแน่น – ต่างจาก SMS หรือการโทรจำนวนมากที่อาจทำให้เครือข่ายล่ม 📵❌

✅ ทำงานได้แม้ไม่มีอินเทอร์เน็ต – สามารถแจ้งเตือนในกรณีที่โซเชียลมีเดียหรืออินเทอร์เน็ตใช้งานไม่ได้ 🌐🚫

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🌍 การใช้งาน Cell Broadcast ทั่วโลก

🔹 สหรัฐอเมริกา – ใช้ระบบ Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) เพื่อแจ้งเตือนเหตุการณ์ฉุกเฉิน เช่น พายุเฮอริเคน 🌀🌪

🔹 ญี่ปุ่น – ใช้ระบบ Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) เพื่อแจ้งเตือนแผ่นดินไหวล่วงหน้า ⛩🌏

🔹 สหภาพยุโรป – มีนโยบายให้ประเทศสมาชิกใช้ Public Warning System ผ่าน Cell Broadcast 📢🏛

---

🤔 ทำไมประเทศที่ยังไม่มีระบบนี้ควรนำมาใช้ ?

หลายประเทศ รวมถึง ประเทศไทย ยังไม่มีการใช้ Cell Broadcast อย่างแพร่หลาย ทั้งที่เป็นเทคโนโลยีที่สามารถช่วยชีวิตผู้คนได้อย่างมหาศาล 🚑 หากเกิดภัยพิบัติ เช่น น้ำท่วม แผ่นดินไหว สึนามิ หรือไฟป่า 🔥🌊 Cell Broadcast สามารถส่งการแจ้งเตือนไปยังทุกคนในพื้นที่เสี่ยงได้ทันที ลดความสูญเสียและเพิ่มโอกาสรอดชีวิตได้มากขึ้น

🔸 ความแม่นยำสูง – สามารถส่งแจ้งเตือนไปยังพื้นที่ที่ได้รับผลกระทบโดยตรง ทำให้ประชาชนสามารถเตรียมตัวรับมือได้ดีกว่า

🔸 ไม่มีปัญหาความล่าช้า – ต่างจากการแจ้งเตือนผ่าน SMS หรือโซเชียลมีเดียที่อาจล่าช้าหรือไม่ได้รับข้อความเลยหากเครือข่ายล่ม

🔸 เป็นมาตรฐานสากล – หลายประเทศพัฒนาแล้วมีระบบนี้ใช้งานอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ประเทศที่ยังไม่มีควรนำมาใช้เพื่อให้สามารถจัดการภัยพิบัติได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ

🔸 ประหยัดต้นทุนในระยะยาว – ลดความเสียหายทางเศรษฐกิจจากภัยพิบัติ เพราะประชาชนได้รับการแจ้งเตือนล่วงหน้า ทำให้สามารถอพยพหรือป้องกันความเสียหายได้

---

🔮 อนาคตของ Cell Broadcast

ในอนาคต Cell Broadcast อาจถูกนำมาใช้ร่วมกับ ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ (AI) 🤖 และ Internet of Things (IoT) 🌐 เพื่อเพิ่มความแม่นยำและปรับแต่งการแจ้งเตือนได้ดียิ่งขึ้น 🎯💡

---

📌 ปล.

Cell Broadcast เป็นเทคโนโลยีแจ้งเตือนที่ทรงพลังและมีบทบาทสำคัญในการช่วยชีวิตผู้คน 🚑 ด้วยความสามารถในการส่งข้อความได้อย่างรวดเร็ว ครอบคลุมพื้นที่กว้าง และไม่ต้องพึ่งพาอินเทอร์เน็ต จึงเป็นหนึ่งในเครื่องมือสำคัญสำหรับการบริหารจัดการภัยพิบัติในปัจจุบันและอนาคต 🔥

---

CellBroadcast #แจ้งเตือนภัย #เทคโนโลยีสื่อสาร #ภัยพิบัติ #เครือข่ายมือถือ #การสื่อสารฉุกเฉิน #เตือนภัยล่วงหน้า

@ 5ffb8e1b:255b6735

As a fellow Nostrich you might have noticed some of my #arlist posts. It is my effort to curate artists that are active on Nostr and make it easier for other users to find content that they are interested in.

By now I have posted six or seven posts mentioning close to fifty artists, the problem so far is that it's only a list of handles and it is up to reader to click on each in order to find out what are the artist behind the names all about. Now I am going to start creating blog posts with a few artists mentioned in each, with short descriptions of their work and an image or to.

I would love to have some more automated mode of curation but I still couldn't figure out what is a good way for it. I've looked at Listr, Primal custom feeds and Yakihonne curations but none seem to enable me to make a list of npubs that is then turned into a feed that I could publicly share for others to views. Any advice on how to achieve this is VERY welcome !

And now lets get to the first batch of artists I want to share with you.

Eugene Gorbachenko

nostr:npub1082uhnrnxu7v0gesfl78uzj3r89a8ds2gj3dvuvjnw5qlz4a7udqwrqdnd Artist from Ukrain creating amazing realistic watercolor paintings. He is very active on Nostr but is very unnoticed for some stange reason. Make sure to repost the painting that you liked the most to help other Nostr users to discover his great art.

Siritravelsketch

nostr:npub14lqzjhfvdc9psgxzznq8xys8pfq8p4fqsvtr6llyzraq90u9m8fqevhssu a a lovely lady from Thailand making architecture from all around the world spring alive in her ink skethes. Dynamic lines gives it a dreamy magical feel, sometimes supported by soft watercolor strokes takes you to a ferytale layer of reality.

BureuGewas

nostr:npub1k78qzy2s9ap4klshnu9tcmmcnr3msvvaeza94epsgptr7jce6p9sa2ggp4 a a master of the clasic oil painting. From traditional still life to modern day subjects his paintings makes you feel the textures and light of the scene more intense then reality itself.

You can see that I'm no art critic, but I am trying my best. If anyone else is interested to join me in this curration adventure feel free to reach out !

With love, Agi Choote

@ bdf3f01a:d9c40970

Abstract:

This paper presents a rigorous and critical examination of the Winter Vigil of XLII.II at Sapelo, a pivotal rite within the Lowcountry Freehold that serves as both an initiation into communal responsibility and a symbolic enactment of the Compact’s moral tenets. This analysis interrogates the ritual’s structure, emphasizing its role in perpetuating a resilient sociocultural order amid external collapse. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining historiographical analysis, cultural anthropology, and sociocultural theory, this study elucidates the Vigil’s function as a mechanism for moral continuity, thereby situating it within the broader discourse of post-collapse societal stabilization. The implications of this study underscore the profound interconnectedness between ritual practice and the formation of resilient communal identities.

Introduction:

The Winter Vigil of XLII.II at Sapelo occupies a fundamental position in the cultural historiography of the Lowcountry Freehold. As contemporary scholars, it is imperative to approach this tradition not merely as an artifact of ritualistic antiquity but as a dynamic process of cultural preservation. The Freehold’s commitment to integrating tradition with pragmatism, especially through the stewardship of The Veil, constitutes a critical adaptive strategy that sustained sociopolitical coherence through epochs of external fragmentation. This study aims to critically examine the Vigil as both a symbolic and practical reinforcement of the Compact’s ethos, with particular attention to how this ritual facilitated intergenerational continuity of moral and social values, ultimately shaping the robust communal identity that defines contemporary Freehold society.

The Veil as Cultural Custodian:

The Veil, emerging from the post-collapse adaptation of preexisting religious and cultural practices, evolved into a matriarchal order central to maintaining the Freehold’s ethical architecture. This evolution was characterized not by rigid preservation but by adaptive synthesis, wherein ceremonial gravitas was merged with pragmatic domestic guidance. The Veil functioned as a moral custodian, particularly within the familial sphere, where its influence was most profoundly exercised. Veilmother Cordelia’s role during the Winter Vigil exemplifies this dual function of leadership and philosophical stewardship, as her guidance articulated not only the ritual's procedural elements but also the embedded moral philosophy that would shape the initiates' worldview.

Ritual Dynamics and Symbolism:

The Winter Vigil is fundamentally an enactment of moral endurance, wherein the initiate’s voluntary approach to the brazier represents an acceptance of communal responsibility through individual fortitude. The design of the ritual deliberately positions physical endurance as a metaphor for moral resilience, encapsulating the Freehold’s conviction that true strength is inherently silent and steadfast. As the initiate moves toward the brazier, kneeling in proximity to the flame, the act becomes a performative affirmation of the Compact’s call for measured, principled strength rather than ostentatious assertion. The structured progression from the outer circle to the brazier symbolizes a journey from collective dependency to personal sovereignty, reflecting the Compact's ethos that leadership is merited through tested perseverance.

The Copper Plate Rite:

The Copper Plate Rite, integral to the Vigil, embodies the transformative philosophy of the Freehold. The heated copper plate, inscribed with the flame symbol and lifted from ashes, is held aloft despite discomfort, symbolizing the embrace of hardship as an essential component of sovereignty. The fleeting burn, leaving a transient mark, underscores the philosophical assertion that genuine resilience is born of confronting and integrating suffering, rather than circumventing it. This rite functions not merely as a test of physical tolerance but as a pedagogical imprinting of the Freehold’s ethos—an allegory of death and rebirth integral to personal and communal maturation.

Symbolic Implications and Societal Continuity:

The deliberate imposition of discomfort during the Vigil underscores a fundamental tenet of Freehold philosophy: suffering, when purposefully endured, refines the individual and, by extension, fortifies the community. The Copper Plate Rite exemplifies the doctrine that hardship, when faced with deliberate resolve, engenders moral clarity. This paradigm of voluntary suffering as a crucible for leadership remains a cornerstone of the Freehold’s ideological framework, fostering a collective ethos rooted in patient perseverance rather than impulsive dominance. Furthermore, the initiation rite serves as a microcosm of the Freehold's broader sociocultural ethos, where personal sacrifice is inextricably linked to communal stability.

Interpretive Analysis:

Current historiographical interpretations often err by neglecting the interconnectedness of the Vigil with broader sociopolitical dynamics. By isolating the rite as a mere ceremonial endurance, scholars risk overlooking its function as a structured pedagogical tool for inculcating moral resilience. This study posits that the Vigil, far from being a vestigial tradition, actively cultivated a pragmatic ethic of endurance that proved crucial in the Freehold’s sustained sociocultural coherence. This coherence, rooted in ritual reinforcement of moral tenets, enabled the Freehold to navigate existential threats without succumbing to internal decay.

Cultural and Societal Implications:

The enduring significance of the Winter Vigil lies in its dual function as both a rite of passage and a communal reaffirmation of the Freehold’s meritocratic principles. By fostering individual accountability within a collective moral framework, the Vigil reinforced the Compact’s foundational premise that leadership is merited through demonstrated resilience. The integration of personal trial into communal identity formation exemplifies how the Freehold maintained its internal stability despite external societal fragmentation. This ritual, therefore, is not merely commemorative but constitutive of the Freehold's enduring cultural legacy.

Conclusion:

The Winter Vigil of XLII.II at Sapelo remains a paradigmatic example of ritual as a vehicle for social continuity within the Lowcountry Freehold. Its deliberate amalgamation of symbolic endurance with moral instruction illustrates the Freehold’s adaptive strategy of embedding philosophical imperatives within lived tradition. As modern scholars, it is incumbent upon us to engage with these practices not merely as remnants of a bygone era but as foundational elements that cultivated the durable sociocultural ethos underpinning our current stability.

References:

1. Vance, C. (Epoch LII). "The Compact and Cultural Continuity: An Oral History." Archive of Freehold Studies, Emberwell Hall.

2. Harlowe, E. (Epoch LX). "The Flamekeepers: Guardians of Tradition." Journal of Sociocultural Persistence, Vol. 22, pp. 45-72.

3. Morgan, T. (Epoch LXV). "Endurance Through Ritual: The Role of The Veil in Cultural Preservation." Lowcountry Academic Press.

4. Cordelia, V. (Epoch XLII). "Reflections on the Flame: An Instructional Account." Collected Teachings of The Veil.

5. Emberwell Institute (Epoch XC). "The Evolution of Freehold Rites: From Custom to Philosophy." Advanced Studies in Cultural Integration.

## Title: Ritual as Continuity: An Analysis of the Winter Vigil of XLII.II at Sapelo

### Epoch XLII - Circle of Maidens

#### Abstract:

This paper presents a rigorous and critical examination of the Winter Vigil of XLII.II at Sapelo, a pivotal rite within the Lowcountry Freehold that serves as both an initiation into communal responsibility and a symbolic enactment of the Compact’s moral tenets. This analysis interrogates the ritual’s structure, emphasizing its role in perpetuating a resilient sociocultural order amid external collapse. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining historiographical analysis, cultural anthropology, and sociocultural theory, this study elucidates the Vigil’s function as a mechanism for moral continuity, thereby situating it within the broader discourse of post-collapse societal stabilization. The implications of this study underscore the profound interconnectedness between ritual practice and the formation of resilient communal identities.

#### Introduction:

The Winter Vigil of XLII.II at Sapelo occupies a fundamental position in the cultural historiography of the Lowcountry Freehold. As contemporary scholars, it is imperative to approach this tradition not merely as an artifact of ritualistic antiquity but as a dynamic process of cultural preservation. The Freehold’s commitment to integrating tradition with pragmatism, especially through the stewardship of The Veil, constitutes a critical adaptive strategy that sustained sociopolitical coherence through epochs of external fragmentation. This study aims to critically examine the Vigil as both a symbolic and practical reinforcement of the Compact’s ethos, with particular attention to how this ritual facilitated intergenerational continuity of moral and social values, ultimately shaping the robust communal identity that defines contemporary Freehold society.

#### The Veil as Cultural Custodian:

The Veil, emerging from the post-collapse adaptation of preexisting religious and cultural practices, evolved into a matriarchal order central to maintaining the Freehold’s ethical architecture. This evolution was characterized not by rigid preservation but by adaptive synthesis, wherein ceremonial gravitas was merged with pragmatic domestic guidance. The Veil functioned as a moral custodian, particularly within the familial sphere, where its influence was most profoundly exercised. Veilmother Cordelia’s role during the Winter Vigil exemplifies this dual function of leadership and philosophical stewardship, as her guidance articulated not only the ritual's procedural elements but also the embedded moral philosophy that would shape the initiates' worldview.

#### Ritual Dynamics and Symbolism:

The Winter Vigil is fundamentally an enactment of moral endurance, wherein the initiate’s voluntary approach to the brazier represents an acceptance of communal responsibility through individual fortitude. The design of the ritual deliberately positions physical endurance as a metaphor for moral resilience, encapsulating the Freehold’s conviction that true strength is inherently silent and steadfast. As the initiate moves toward the brazier, kneeling in proximity to the flame, the act becomes a performative affirmation of the Compact’s call for measured, principled strength rather than ostentatious assertion. The structured progression from the outer circle to the brazier symbolizes a journey from collective dependency to personal sovereignty, reflecting the Compact's ethos that leadership is merited through tested perseverance.

#### The Copper Plate Rite:

The Copper Plate Rite, integral to the Vigil, embodies the transformative philosophy of the Freehold. The heated copper plate, inscribed with the flame symbol and lifted from ashes, is held aloft despite discomfort, symbolizing the embrace of hardship as an essential component of sovereignty. The fleeting burn, leaving a transient mark, underscores the philosophical assertion that genuine resilience is born of confronting and integrating suffering, rather than circumventing it. This rite functions not merely as a test of physical tolerance but as a pedagogical imprinting of the Freehold’s ethos—an allegory of death and rebirth integral to personal and communal maturation.

#### Symbolic Implications and Societal Continuity:

The deliberate imposition of discomfort during the Vigil underscores a fundamental tenet of Freehold philosophy: suffering, when purposefully endured, refines the individual and, by extension, fortifies the community. The Copper Plate Rite exemplifies the doctrine that hardship, when faced with deliberate resolve, engenders moral clarity. This paradigm of voluntary suffering as a crucible for leadership remains a cornerstone of the Freehold’s ideological framework, fostering a collective ethos rooted in patient perseverance rather than impulsive dominance. Furthermore, the initiation rite serves as a microcosm of the Freehold's broader sociocultural ethos, where personal sacrifice is inextricably linked to communal stability.

#### Interpretive Analysis:

Current historiographical interpretations often err by neglecting the interconnectedness of the Vigil with broader sociopolitical dynamics. By isolating the rite as a mere ceremonial endurance, scholars risk overlooking its function as a structured pedagogical tool for inculcating moral resilience. This study posits that the Vigil, far from being a vestigial tradition, actively cultivated a pragmatic ethic of endurance that proved crucial in the Freehold’s sustained sociocultural coherence. This coherence, rooted in ritual reinforcement of moral tenets, enabled the Freehold to navigate existential threats without succumbing to internal decay.

#### Cultural and Societal Implications:

The enduring significance of the Winter Vigil lies in its dual function as both a rite of passage and a communal reaffirmation of the Freehold’s meritocratic principles. By fostering individual accountability within a collective moral framework, the Vigil reinforced the Compact’s foundational premise that leadership is merited through demonstrated resilience. The integration of personal trial into communal identity formation exemplifies how the Freehold maintained its internal stability despite external societal fragmentation. This ritual, therefore, is not merely commemorative but constitutive of the Freehold's enduring cultural legacy.

#### Conclusion:

The Winter Vigil of XLII.II at Sapelo remains a paradigmatic example of ritual as a vehicle for social continuity within the Lowcountry Freehold. Its deliberate amalgamation of symbolic endurance with moral instruction illustrates the Freehold’s adaptive strategy of embedding philosophical imperatives within lived tradition. As modern scholars, it is incumbent upon us to engage with these practices not merely as remnants of a bygone era but as foundational elements that cultivated the durable sociocultural ethos underpinning our current stability.

#### References:

1. Vance, C. (Epoch LII). "The Compact and Cultural Continuity: An Oral History." Archive of Freehold Studies, Emberwell Hall.
2. Harlowe, E. (Epoch LX). "The Flamekeepers: Guardians of Tradition." Journal of Sociocultural Persistence, Vol. 22, pp. 45-72.
3. Morgan, T. (Epoch LXV). "Endurance Through Ritual: The Role of The Veil in Cultural Preservation." Lowcountry Academic Press.
4. Cordelia, V. (Epoch XLII). "Reflections on the Flame: An Instructional Account." Collected Teachings of The Veil.
5. Emberwell Institute (Epoch XC). "The Evolution of Freehold Rites: From Custom to Philosophy." Advanced Studies in Cultural Integration.

@ 0b65f96a:7fda4c8f

Es gibt Bibliotheken voll Literatur zur „Kunst“ der Kriegsführung. Dies hier ist ein Beitrag zu den Bibliotheken der Kunst Frieden zu führen. Denn Frieden ist nicht die Abwesenheit von Krieg. Sondern eine mindestens ebenso intensive Aktivität. Worin genau besteht sie aber? Ich glaube darin, weder nach der einen noch nach der anderen Seite vom Hochseil zu fallen. Denn vom Hochseil kann man immer nach zwei Seiten fallen. Das ist dann auch schon die Kernherausforderung: Gleichgewichthalten!

Es scheint zunächst ein ganz äußerlicher Auftrag. Es gibt immer und wird immer widerstreitende Interessen geben. Allerdings ist das nur die äußerste Zwiebelschale. Denn wenn wir die Sache etwas mit Abstand von uns selbst betrachten, werden wir in uns hinein verwiesen: Frieden kann nur von innen nach außen gestiftet werden. Wenn wir das Hochseil in uns suchen, was finden wir dann? – Zweifels ohne, wissen wir von uns, dass wir nicht jeden Tag unser bestes Selbst sind. Würde es sich nicht lohnen etwas genauer über die Möglichkeit nach zwei Seiten vom Hochseil zu fallen nachzudenken, zugunsten der eigenen Balancierfähigkeit?

Wir sind daran gewöhnt zu denken dem Guten steht das Böse gegenüber. Daraus ziehen ja alle Western und Martial Arts Streifen ihren Plot: Der Gute bringt den Bösen um die Ecke und damit hat wieder mal das Gute gesiegt. Wir bewerten das „um die Ecke bringen“ unterschiedlich, je nach dem, von wem es kommt.

Ich möchte einen neuen Gedanken vorschlagen über unser Inneres, über Gut und Böse nachzudenken. Denn, wie gesagt, vom Hochseil kann man nach zwei Seiten fallen. Und es hat immer drastische Wirkung. Wo kommen wir also hin, wenn wir sagen: Frieden ist immer ein Gleichgewichtszustand, ergo eine Zeit der Mitte?

Sagen wir Toleranz ist ein erstrebenswertes Ideal. Dann würden wir sicher sagen Engstirnigkeit ist das Gegenteil davon und alles andere als Wünschenswert. Ja, so ist es gewiss. Und es bleibt hinzuzufügen, auch Beliebigkeit ist das Gegenteil von Toleranz. Denn es gibt eine Grenze, wo Toleranz nicht mehr Toleranz ist, sondern Beliebigkeit, ein „alles ist möglich“. Ähnlich können wir es für Großzügigkeit denken: Großzügigkeit ist ein erstrebenswertes Ideal. Ihr Gegenteil ist Geiz. Ihr anderes Gegenteil die Verschwendung. Oder Mut. Mut ist ein erstrebenswertes Ideal. Feigheit sein Gegenteil. Sein anderes Gegenteil ist Leichtsinn. Mit andern Worten: Das Ideal wird immer zum Hochseil. Und wir können immer nach zwei Seiten von ihm fallen. Wenn wir diesem Gedanken folgen, kommen wir weg von der Gut-Böse-Dualität. Und stattdessen zur Frage nach dem Gleichgewicht. Zur Frage nach der Mittezeit.

Natürlich steht es uns frei all das zu denken. Oder auch nicht zu denken. Denn selbstverständlich ist es möglich es nicht zu denken und bei einer Dualitätsvorstellung festhängen zu bleiben. Es wird uns nur nicht helfen Frieden zu denken und in Frieden zu handeln. Wenn wir wollen können wir durch das Aufspannen einer Trinität einen neuen Raum eröffnen und betreten. In ihm wird Frieden aktiv führbar, denn er wird eine Gleichgewichtssituation in uns selbst! – Nicht eine, sich einander gegenüberstehender äußerer Mächte!

Gehen wir noch einen Schritt weiter in unserer Betrachtung, können wir feststellen, dass es durchaus einen Unterschied macht nach welcher Seite wir runter fallen. Denn auf der einen Seite ist es immer eine Verengung: Engstirnigkeit, Geiz, Feigheit in unseren Beispielen. Auf der anderen ist es immer eine Zersplitterung oder Versprühung. In unseren Beispielen Beliebigkeit, Verschwendung und Leichtsinn. Und das erstrebenswerte ist eben immer die Mitte, das von uns ständig aktualisierte Gleichgewicht.

Das interessante ist, wo diese Mitte liegt, lässt sich niemals statisch festlegen. Sie ist immer dynamisch. Denn sie kann zu unterschiedlichen Momenten an unterschiedlicher Stelle liegen. Es ist immer ein Ich, das sich in Geistesgegenwart neu ausbalanciert. Und darum ist Frieden so schwer. Wir werden ihn niemals „haben“, sondern ihm immer entgegen gehen.

Der Kriegsruf ist nichts anderes, als ein Versuch von denen, die vom Hochseil gefallen sind, uns auch herunter zu kicken.

Netter Versuch. Wird aber nichts!

In der Nussschale: Die Dualität auflösen in die Trinität der balancierenden Mitte zwischen der Geste der Versteinerung und der Geste des Zerstäubens oder Zersplitterns. Die dynamische Qualität der Mitte bemerken. Oder, tun wir es nicht, ist das gleich der erste Anstoß, der uns wieder zum Wackeln bringt. Und des Ich´s gewahr werden, das balanciert. Frieden führen ist eine Kunst.

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Patric I. Vogt, geb. 1968 in Mainz. Autor von „Zukunft beginnt im Kopf Ein Debattenbeitrag zur Kernsanierung von Rechtsstaat und Demokratie“. Lebt als freischaffender Künstler, Lehrer und Unternehmer. Über drei Jahrzehnte Beschäftigung mit dem Ideenfeld soziale #Dreigliederung und Anthroposophie. Moderation und Mediation von sozialen Prozessen und Organisationsentwicklung. Staatlich ungeprüft, abgesehen von den Fahrerlaubnissen zu Land und zu Wasser. Motto: Gedanken werden Worte, werden Taten! www.perspektivenwechsel.social

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@ 2183e947:f497b975

Today I was invited to participate in the private beta of a new social media protocol called Pubky, designed by a bitcoin company called Synonym with the goal of being better than existing social media platforms. As a heavy nostr user, I thought I'd write up a comparison.

I can't tell you how to create your own accounts because it was made very clear that only some of the software is currently open source, and how this will all work is still a bit up in the air. The code that is open source can be found here: https://github.com/pubky -- and the most important repo there seems to be this one: https://github.com/pubky/pubky-core

You can also learn more about Pubky here: https://pubky.org/

That said, I used my invite code to create a pubky account and it seemed very similar to onboarding to nostr. I generated a private key, backed up 12 words, and the onboarding website gave me a public key.

Then I logged into a web-based client and it looked a lot like twitter. I saw a feed for posts by other users and saw options to reply to posts and give reactions, which, I saw, included hearts, thumbs up, and other emojis.

Then I investigated a bit deeper to see how much it was like nostr. I opened up my developer console and navigated to my networking tab, where, if this was nostr, I would expect to see queries to relays for posts. Here, though, I saw one query that seemed to be repeated on a loop, which went to a single server and provided it with my pubkey. That single query (well, a series of identical queries to the same server) seemed to return all posts that showed up on my feed. So I infer that the server "knows" what posts to show me (perhaps it has some sort of algorithm, though the marketing material says it does not use algorithms) and the query was on a loop so that if any new posts came in that the server thinks I might want to see, it can add them to my feed.

Then I checked what happens when I create a post. I did so and looked at what happened in my networking tab. If this was nostr, I would expect to see multiple copies of a signed messaged get sent to a bunch of relays. Here, though, I saw one message get sent to the same server that was populating my feed, and that message was not signed, it was a plaintext copy of my message.

I happened to be in a group chat with John Carvalho at the time, who is associated with pubky. I asked him what was going on, and he said that pubky is based around three types of servers: homeservers, DHT servers, and indexer servers. The homeserver is where you create posts and where you query for posts to show on your feed. DHT servers are used for censorship resistance: each user creates an entry on a DHT server saying what homeserver they use, and these entries are signed by their key.

As for indexers, I think those are supposed to speed up the use of the DHT servers. From what I could tell, indexers query DHT servers to find out what homeservers people use. When you query a homeserver for posts, it is supposed to reach out to indexer servers to find out the homeservers of people whose posts the homeserver decided to show you, and then query those homeservers for those posts. I believe they decided not to look up what homeservers people use directly on DHT servers directly because DHT servers are kind of slow, due to having to store and search through all sorts of non-social-media content, whereas indexers only store a simple db that maps each user's pubkey to their homeserver, so they are faster.

Based on all of this info, it seems like, to populate your feed, this is the series of steps:

• you tell your homeserver your pubkey
• it uses some sort of algorithm to decide whose posts to show you
• then looks up the homeservers used by those people on an indexer server
• then it fetches posts from their homeservers
• then your client displays them to you

To create a post, this is the series of steps:

• you tell your homeserver what you want to say to the world
• it stores that message in plaintext and merely asserts that it came from you (it's not signed)
• other people can find out what you said by querying for your posts on your homeserver

Since posts on homeservers are not signed, I asked John what prevents a homeserver from just making up stuff and claiming I said it. He said nothing stops them from doing that, and if you are using a homeserver that starts acting up in that manner, what you should do is start using a new homeserver and update your DHT record to point at your new homeserver instead of the old one. Then, indexers should update their db to show where your new homeserver is, and the homeservers of people who "follow" you should stop pulling content from your old homeserver and start pulling it from your new one. If their homeserver is misbehaving too, I'm not sure what would happen. Maybe it could refuse to show them the content you've posted on your new homeserver, keeping making up fake content on your behalf that you've never posted, and maybe the people you follow would never learn you're being impersonated or have moved to a new homeserver.

John also clarified that there is not currently any tooling for migrating user content from one homeserver to another. If pubky gets popular and a big homeserver starts misbehaving, users will probably need such a tool. But these are early days, so there aren't that many homeservers, and the ones that exist seem to be pretty trusted.

Anyway, those are my initial thoughts on Pubky. Learn more here: https://pubky.org/

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

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Autor: Thomas Eisinger. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier.**

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Und genau dafür wirst auch du gedrillt werden: Menschen zu jagen und töten. Unbekannte, die auch nicht wissen, was sie hier tun. Oder Unschuldige, die nicht rechtzeitig fliehen konnten. Einfach töten. Alle. Ohne zu fragen. Denn das ist deine Aufgabe, Soldat: Töte Menschen!

Egal, was du vorher warst, Heizungsmonteur, KFZ-Mechaniker, Veganer, Marketingmanager, Friseur, Verkäufer, Kindergärtner: Es ist egal. Jetzt musst du töten. Denn du hast mitgemacht. Entweder, weil du es nicht ernst genommen hast, weil du dich nie für Politik interessiert hast. Oder weil du gedacht hast, das alles betrifft dich nicht. Weil du gedacht hast, Wahlen könnten etwas verändern. Oder weil du immer das Maul gehalten hast, damit dich keiner als «Rechter» bezeichnet. Egal. Jetzt musst du töten. Das ist das Spiel.

Ja, es ist ein Spiel. Grausam, abartig, menschenverachtend. Dennoch hat es Regeln: Diejenigen, die das Spiel beginnen, müssen niemals selbst auf das Schlachtfeld. Das ist die erste Regel. Ihre Söhne auch nicht, nicht die Söhne der anderen Politiker, nicht die der EU-Abgeordneten, nicht die der Parteibonzen. Auch nicht die der Banker, der Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Chefredakteure. Denn alle wissen, wie man das Spiel spielt. Nur du nicht.

Du bist einfach eine Figur auf dem Spielfeld, die es verpasst hat, NEIN zu sagen, als noch Gelegenheit war. Jetzt bist du verwandelt worden in eine menschliche Drohne. Wenn sie sagen: töte!, dann tötest du. Denken kannst du, wenn alles vorbei ist. Falls du je wieder nach Hause kommst. Vielleicht sogar mit beiden Beinen und beiden Armen. Vielleicht auch nicht. Egal. Wer hätte Mitleid mit einer Spielfigur?

Nein, du musst töten. Das ist deine Aufgabe. Sie sagen es nun schon seit Monaten, warum glaubst du es nicht? Sie meinen es ernst. Wenn du den Brief in Händen hältst ist es zu spät. Es gilt dann das Notstandsrecht und keiner kann mehr verweigern. Da hättest du dich vorher drum kümmern müssen. Oder auf eine Demo gehen. Oder laut und mit klarer Stimme in jedem Gespräch den Wahnsinn anprangern. Hast du aber nicht.

Jetzt musst du töten oder du wirst getötet. Das ist das Spiel. Du hättest selbst denken können. Hast du aber nicht. Hast deine Zeit mit sinnlosen Videos vertan, Netflix geguckt und hast Influencerinnen geliked. Die müssen nicht an die Front. Aber du. Morgen, wenn du aufstehst, die Uniform anziehst und rausgehst, dann wirst du Befehle ausführen oder erschossen werden. Also wirst du Menschen töten. Dein Leben wird nie wieder so sein, wie zuvor. Dein Schmerz, deine Schuld, dein Leid: sie gehen ein in die unendliche Reihe der Soldaten, die seit Jahrhunderten dasselbe Schicksal erlitten. Deren Schreie noch immer durch den ewigen Raum hallen. Deren Opfer von den Herren des Spiels mit einem Lächeln entgegengenommen wurde. Deren Gliedmaßen auf den Schlachtfeldern liegen geblieben waren. Zum Dank erhielten sie eine Medaille. Ein Stück Blech für den rechten Arm, einen Grabstein für den Vater, den Bruder, den Sohn. Für das Vaterland. Für Europa. Für die Demokratie. Der Hohn tropft aus jedem Politikerwort, doch die Menschen glauben noch immer die uralte Geschichte von Freund und Feind, von Gut und Böse.

\ Wer nicht aufwachen will, muss töten. Du. Nicht am Bildschirm. In der echten Welt. Wo man nicht auf Replay drücken kann. Wo man den Gegner nicht nach links oder rechts swipen kann, denn er ist echt, real, lebendig. Noch. Entweder er oder du. Jetzt ist es zu spät für Entscheidungen. Kannst du es spüren? Die Work-Life-Balance wird zur Kill-or-be-killed-Balance. Es gibt kein Entrinnen. Denn du hast mitgemacht. Schweigen ist Zustimmung. Sich-nicht-drumkümmern ist Zustimmung. Kriegsparteien zu wählen ist noch mehr Zustimmung.

Heute.

Heute lässt sich noch etwas ändern.

Es hat nichts zu tun mit rechts oder links. Nur mit Menschlichkeit versus Hass, Macht und dem ganz großen Geld. Das sind die Gründe, für die du töten oder sterben musst.

Wie entscheidest du dich?

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Thomas Eisinger ist Schriftsteller. Zuletzt erschien der Roman "Hinter der Zukunft". Mehr zum Autor hier.

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DIE FRIEDENSTAUBE FLIEGT AUCH IN IHR POSTFACH:

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt, vorerst für alle kostenfrei, wir starten gänzlich ohne Paywall. (Die Bezahlabos fangen erst zu laufen an, wenn ein Monetarisierungskonzept für die Inhalte steht).

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Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen:

• Für 50 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube.
• Für 120 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Für 500 CHF/EURO werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Ab 1000 CHF werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie).

Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):

Bildschirmfoto 2025-03-27 um 09.53.46

Für Einzahlungen in Euro:

Milosz Matuschek

IBAN DE 53710520500000814137

BYLADEM1TST

Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg

Betreff: Friedenstaube

Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: milosz@pareto.space

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Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ 0d788b5e:c99ddea5

• 首页

• 第一章、 第一章标题

• 第二章、 第二章标题

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

"THE NATURE OF BITCOIN IS SUCH THAT ONCE VERSION 0.1 WAS RELEASED, THE CORE DESIGN WAS SET IN STONE FOR THE REST OF ITS LIFETIME." <sub>- SATOSHI NAKAMOTO</sub>

"Reborn" is inspired by my Bitcoin journey and the many other people whose lives have been changed by Bitcoin. I’ve carved the hand in the “Gyan Mudra” or the “Mudra of Wisdom or Knowledge,” with an Opendime grasped between thumb and index finger alluding to the pursuit of Bitcoin knowledge. The hand emerges from rough, choppy water, and I've set the hand against an archway, through which, the copper leaf hints at the bright orange future made possible by Bitcoin.

Materials: Carrara Marble, Copper leaf, Opendime

Dimensions: 6" x 9" x 13"

Price: $30,000 or BTC equivalent

Enquire: https://www.vonbitcoin.com/available-works

X: https://x.com/BVBTC/status/1894463357316419960/photo/1

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/928510

@ df06d21e:2b23058f

Imagine a Living Civilization—a new way to see our world. It starts with the Universe’s pillars: Matter, the stuff we’re made of; Energy, the flow that drives us; Physics, the rules we play by; and Chemistry, the complexity that builds us. We know these well. But civilization? That’s our creation—and although it has been described in so many different ways over the years I thought it was time for something new. Civilization has its own pillars, systems that I call the pillars of the Metaverse: Capital, Information, Innovation, and Trust.

Capital is how we measure value. Not just money, but everything that matters: skills, we call that Human Capital; ecosystems, that’s Natural Capital; infrastructure, Public Capital; relationships, Social Capital. Picture a farmer swapping Bitcoin sats for seeds—not fiat debt—or tracking soil health alongside his wallet. Capital is a system, a system of measurement.

Information is how we verify truth. Think IPFS, a network holding real data—climate stats, farming fixes—open to all, not locked up by some corporate gatekeeper. Information is a system of verification.

Innovation is about generating solutions. On GitHub, coders worldwide crank out tools—Nostr clients, solar apps—shared freely, not patented for profit. Innovation is our system of generation.

And Trust—it’s coordination. Nostr’s decentralized threads let communities set trade rules, split resources—governance from the ground up, no overlords required. Trust is our system of coordination.

Right now we’re stuck in debt-based systems—and they’re failing us. Take fiat currency—central banks print it, slashing your purchasing power. Our dollar buys less every year; savings erode while the elite stack their gains. It’s a scam, Bitcoiners know it—fiat’s the real Ponzi bleeding us dry. Capital gets twisted—firms hoard Bitcoin for fiat pumps, not real wealth; governments chase GDP while forests die and skills sit idle. Information is buried—our media spits out spin, our corporations lock truth in silos. Innovation is stalled—debt props up corporate patents, not open wins. Trust is gone—our governance systems consist of top-down control that splits us apart, left to right, top to bottom. Debt just measures scarcity—money borrowed, nature trashed, bonds frayed—and it’s crushing the pillars.

Wealth-based systems promise to turn that around. Bitcoin’s sound money is just the start—sats hold value, not inflate it away. Real capital measures what sustains us—sats fund a cooperative's water pump, not a vault; they track skills taught, land healed, ties rebuilt. Real Information opens up—IPFS logs show ‘biochar boosted yield 20%’, verified by us, not suits. Real Innovation flows—GitHub devs build Lightning hubs, wealth spreads. Real Trust binds us together—Nostr chats align us, no central puppeteer. Wealth based systems strengthen the pillars of the Metaverse, it doesn’t erode them.

We needed a new framing. A new vision of what was, what is, and what could be. We have one. This is real. This is the world we are building. Bitcoin is live, Nostr is growing, IPFS and GitHub are humming. We can see Debt teetering; while real wealth is rising. So, hodlers, maxis, plebs—everyone—what does a true wealth-based system look like? How can we measure Capital beyond fiat’s con job? Bitcoin’s the rock, but it’s just the beginning. How do we build on this, expand it, and transform everything as we build something entirely new?

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

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Autor: Dr. Daniele Ganser. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier.**

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Der Frieden ist mir eine Herzensangelegenheit. Daher halte ich seit über 20 Jahren Vorträge zu den Themen Krieg und Frieden. Bisher sind es schon mehr als 1000 Vorträge. Manchmal gibt es Widerstand oder schlechte Presse, aber ich mache einfach weiter. Zudem schreibe ich Bücher, gebe Interviews und habe eine Online-Community, wo ich über Zoom Fragen der Mitglieder beantworte. Mein Ziel ist immer dasselbe: Die Friedensbewegung zu stärken.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rlSE4CYR_U

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Auszug aus der Einleitung "Imperium USA":

"In meiner Forschung orientiere ich mich an folgenden drei Prinzipien: UNO- Gewaltverbot, Achtsamkeit und Menschheitsfamilie. Das UNO-Gewaltverbot wurde 1945 erlassen und verbietet die Androhung oder Anwendung von Gewalt in der internationalen Politik. Es ist leider in Vergessenheit geraten, und viele Menschen haben noch nie davon gehört. Daher erwähne ich es oft in meinen Büchern und Vorträgen, weil es ein ganz wichtiges Instrument der Friedensbewegung ist. Auch das Prinzip Achtsamkeit ist für die Friedensbewegung ein Juwel.

Denn zu oft schon wurden wir Menschen durch Kriegspropaganda getäuscht und verwirrt. Doch das wäre nicht nötig. Wenn wir durch Achtsamkeit lernen, unsere eigenen Gedanken und Gefühle aus einer ruhigen Distanz zu beobachten, stärken wir unsere Klarheit. Wir müssen nicht alles glauben, was uns von den Medien erzählt wird. Durch Achtsamkeit erkennen wir, dass wir nicht unsere Gedanken und Gefühle sind, sondern das klare Bewusstsein, in dem sie aufsteigen und wie Wolken auch wieder vergehen.

Besonders wichtig ist mir auch das Prinzip Menschheitsfamilie. Denn leider ist es in der Geschichte immer wieder vorgekommen, dass wir als Menschheitsfamilie einzelne Mitglieder ausgeschlossen und getötet haben. Wir haben uns entlang von Nationalität, Religion, Hautfarbe, Geschlecht und Einkommen gespalten und abgewertet. Bei der Hexenverfolgung wurden Frauen der »Zauberei« beschuldigt, aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen und verbrannt. Bei den Indianerkriegen wurden Indianer als »Wilde« aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen, vertrieben und getötet. Beim Sklavenhandel wurden Afrikaner als »Tiere« aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen, diffamiert und ausgebeutet. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurden Juden als »lebensunwert« aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen und in Konzentrationslagern vergast.

Im Vietnamkrieg wurden Vietnamesen von US-Soldaten als »Termiten« bezeichnet, aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen und mit Napalm bombardiert. Im sogenannten »Krieg gegen den Terror« wurden Afghanen als »Terroristen« bezeichnet, aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen und getötet. Das sich wiederholende Muster ist deutlich: Das Prinzip Menschheitsfamilie wird verletzt, indem eine Gruppe aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen, abgewertet und dann getötet wird. Natürlich sehen wir alleganz unterschiedlich aus. Auch bezüglich Glaube, Nationalität, Ausbildung, Sprache und Einkommen sind wir nicht gleich und werden es nie sein.

Doch das ist noch kein Grund, Gewalt einzusetzen. »Wir haben in der Welt ganz sicher ein Problem mit Feindseligkeiten, die außer Kontrolle geraten. Der Mensch ist geradezu ein Spezialist darin, andere auszugrenzen«, erklärt der holländische Zoologe Frans de Waal. »Der Mensch dämonisiert Menschen anderer Nationalität oder Religion, erzeugt Ängste und Wut. Diese Gruppen nennen wir dann schnell Unmenschen oder Tiere. Schon ist es leicht, die Unmenschen zu eliminieren, weil man kein Mitgefühl mehr mit ihnen haben muss.«

Im April 2004 wurde publik, dass US- Soldaten im irakischen Abu-Ghraib- Gefängnis Iraker gefoltert hatten. Die US- Kriegspropaganda hatte den US- Soldaten eingetrichtert, die Iraker seien schlechte Menschen, dadurch wurden sie aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen. Das hatte konkrete Folgen. Die US- Soldatin Lynndie England führte in Abu-Ghraib einen nackten irakischen Gefangenen an einer Hundeleine durchs Gefängnis. Ein anderer irakischer Gefangener musste mit schwarzer Kapuze auf einer Kiste balancieren, während an seinem Körper Drähte befestigt waren.

Ihm wurde von den US- Soldaten angedroht, dass ihm tödliche Stromschläge zugefügt würden, wenn er von der Kiste fiele. »Für Europa waren die Horrorbilder aus Sex, Folter und Erniedrigung schlichtweg ein Schock«, kommentierte Die Welt. Der Abu- Ghraib- Skandal zeigte drastisch, was passieren kann, wenn die Menschen einer ganzen Nation, in diesem Falle die Iraker, aus der Menschheitsfamilie ausgeschlossen werden.

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DIE FRIEDENSTAUBE FLIEGT AUCH IN IHR POSTFACH!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt, vorerst für alle kostenfrei, wir starten gänzlich ohne Paywall. (Die Bezahlabos fangen erst zu laufen an, wenn ein Monetarisierungskonzept für die Inhalte steht). Sie wollen der Genossenschaft beitreten oder uns unterstützen? Mehr Infos hier oder am Ende des Textes.

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Man darf angesichts dieser Gewalt und Brutalität nicht zu dem Schluss kommen, dass wir Menschen nicht fähig sind, friedlich zusammenzuleben. Wir können es sehr wohl und tun es jeden Tag, an Millionen verschiedenen Orten. »Lassen sie uns zunächst unsere Haltung gegenüber dem Frieden selbst überprüfen. Zu viele von uns halten ihn für unmöglich", erklärte US-Präsident John F. Kennedy in einer seiner Reden.

»Zu viele von uns halten ihn für nicht zu verwirklichen. Aber das ist ein gefährlicher, defätistischer Glaube. Er führt zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass der Krieg unvermeidlich ist, dass die Menschheit zum Untergang verurteilt ist, dass wir uns in der Gewalt von Kräften befinden, die wir nicht kontrollieren können.«

Doch dies stimmt nicht, das wusste auch Kennedy. »Unsere Probleme sind von Menschen geschaffen, deshalb können sie auch von Menschen gelöst werden. Die Größe, die der menschliche Geist erreichen kann, bestimmt der Mensch selbst.«

Auch außerhalb der USA haben inspirierende Persönlichkeiten die Friedensbewegung geprägt. In Indien hat der Rechtsanwalt und Pazifist Mahatma Gandhi, der für mich ein großes Vorbild ist, immer wieder das Prinzip Menschheitsfamilie betont. »Die ganze Menschheit ist eine Familie«, sagte Gandhi. Er setzte bei seinem Protest stets auf einen gelassenen und freundlichen Ton, frei von Wut und Hass. Trotz ihres brutalen Vorgehens bezeichnete Gandhi weder die indische Polizei noch die indische Regierung oder die britische Kolonialmacht als Feinde. »Ich betrachte niemanden als meinen Feind«, erklärte Gandhi. »Alle sind meine Freunde. Ich möchte aufklären und die Herzen verändern.«

Ich bin fest davon überzeugt, dass die Friedensbewegung im 21. Jahrhundert stärker wird, wenn sie sich an den Prinzipen Menschheitsfamilie, Achtsamkeit und UNO- Gewaltverbot orientiert. Die Spaltung nach Nation, Partei, Religion, Hautfarbe, Geschlecht, Schulabschluss oder Einkommen sollte im 21. Jahrhundert durch die Einsicht ersetzt werden, dass alle Menschen zur Menschheitsfamilie gehören. Sie als Leserin und Leser gehören zur Menschheitsfamilie, egal wo Sie diesen Text lesen und unabhängig davon, was Ihre Geschichte ist. Und ich als Autor gehöreauch zur Menschheitsfamilie, ebenso wie alle Personen, die in der Menschheitsgeschichte auftauchen, Opfer wie Täter. Zusammen sollten wir lernen, uns nicht zu töten, weil alles Leben heilig ist und weil wir auf einer sehr tiefen Ebene alle miteinander verbunden sind."

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Dr. Daniele Ganser, geboren 1972, ist Schweizer Historiker und Friedensforscher. Er leitet das unabhängige Swiss Institute for Peace and Energy Research (SIPER) in Münchenstein bei Basel in der Schweiz. Die aktuellen Vorträge von Dr. Daniele Ganser finden Sie hier. Am 12. April halten Daniele Ganser und Dirk Pohlmann bei Basel einen Vortrag über den Fall Herrhausen (nur 200 Tickets). Bestellen können Sie hier.

Das Buch können Sie hier bestellen.

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LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt.

Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen:

• Für 50 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube.
• Für 120 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Für 500 CHF/EURO werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Ab 1000 CHF werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie).

Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):

Für Einzahlungen in Euro:

Milosz Matuschek

IBAN DE 53710520500000814137

BYLADEM1TST

Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg

Betreff: Friedenstaube

Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: milosz@pareto.space

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Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ 0d788b5e:c99ddea5

这是首页内容

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers!

Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!

A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

So stay a while and listen.

🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨

🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/928470

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Preko is a charming seaside town on Ugljan Island, just a short ferry ride from Zadar. Known for its beautiful beaches, relaxed atmosphere, and stunning views of the Adriatic, it's the perfect place to experience authentic Dalmatian island life.

🌊 Top Things to See & Do in Preko

1️⃣ Swim at Jaz Beach 🏖️

• A Blue Flag beach with clear turquoise waters and soft pebbles.
• Ideal for families thanks to its shallow waters.
• Nearby cafés and restaurants make it a great spot to spend the day.

2️⃣ Visit the Islet of Galevac 🏝️

• A tiny island just 80 meters from Preko, reachable by swimming or a short boat ride.
• Home to a 15th-century Franciscan monastery, surrounded by lush greenery.
• A peaceful retreat, perfect for relaxation.

3️⃣ Hike to St. Michael’s Fortress (Sv. Mihovil) 🏰

• A medieval fortress from the 13th century with breathtaking panoramic views.
• Overlooks Zadar, Kornati Islands, and the Adriatic Sea.
• A 1-hour scenic hike from Preko or accessible by bike or car.

4️⃣ Explore the Local Taverns & Seafood Restaurants 🍽️

• Try fresh seafood, octopus salad, and Dalmatian peka (slow-cooked meat & vegetables).
• Best spots: Konoba Roko (authentic seafood) & Vile Dalmacija (beachfront dining).

5️⃣ Rent a Bike or Scooter 🚲

• Explore Ugljan Island’s olive groves, hidden coves, and coastal paths.
• Visit nearby villages like Kali and Kukljica for more local charm.

6️⃣ Take a Day Trip to Zadar ⛵

• Just 25 minutes by ferry, Zadar offers historic landmarks, the Sea Organ, and Roman ruins.
• Perfect for a cultural excursion before returning to the peaceful island.

🚗 How to Get to Preko

🚢 By Ferry:
- From Zadar: Regular ferries (Jadrolinija) take ~25 minutes.
🚘 By Car:
- If driving, take the ferry from Zadar to Preko and explore the island.
🚴 By Bike:
- Many visitors rent bikes to explore Ugljan Island’s coastal roads.

💡 Tips for Visiting Preko

✅ Best time to visit? May–September for warm weather & swimming 🌞
✅ Ferry schedules – Check times in advance, especially in the off-season ⏳
✅ Bring cash – Some smaller taverns and cafés may not accept cards 💰
✅ Stay for sunset – The views over Zadar from Preko’s waterfront are stunning 🌅

Would you like hotel recommendations, hidden beaches, or other island activities? 😊

@ fe9e99a0:5123e9a8

What’s happening?

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Krka National Park, located in central Dalmatia, is one of Croatia’s most breathtaking natural wonders. Famous for its stunning waterfalls, crystal-clear lakes, and lush forests, the park is a must-visit for nature lovers. Unlike Plitvice Lakes, Krka allows swimming in certain areas, making it a perfect summer escape.

🌊 Top Things to See & Do in Krka National Park

1️⃣ Skradinski Buk Waterfall 💦

• The largest and most famous waterfall in the park, with cascading pools and wooden walkways.
• You used to be able to swim here, but since 2021, swimming is no longer allowed.
• Perfect for photography and picnics.

2️⃣ Roški Slap Waterfall 🌿

• A less crowded but equally beautiful series of waterfalls.
• Known for its "necklace" of small cascades leading into the main fall.
• Nearby Mlinica, a restored watermill, shows traditional Croatian life.

3️⃣ Visovac Island & Monastery 🏝️

• A tiny island in the middle of the Krka River, home to a Franciscan monastery from the 15th century.
• Accessible by boat tour from Skradinski Buk or Roški Slap.
• A peaceful, scenic spot with stunning views of the lake.

4️⃣ Krka Monastery 🏛️

• A Serbian Orthodox monastery hidden deep in the park.
• Built on ancient Roman catacombs, which you can explore.
• A quiet, spiritual place, often overlooked by tourists.

5️⃣ Hike & Walk the Nature Trails 🥾

• The park has several well-marked trails through forests, waterfalls, and lakes.
• Wooden walkways allow easy access to the main sights.
• Wildlife spotting: Look out for otters, turtles, and over 200 bird species!

6️⃣ Swim at Skradin Beach 🏖️

• While you can’t swim at Skradinski Buk anymore, Skradin Beach, just outside the park, is a great spot for a dip.
• Kayaking and boat tours available.

🚗 How to Get to Krka National Park

✈️ By Air: The nearest airport is Split (SPU), 1 hour away.
🚘 By Car:
- Split to Krka: ~1 hour (85 km)
- Zadar to Krka: ~1 hour (75 km)
- Dubrovnik to Krka: ~3.5 hours (280 km)
🚌 By Bus: Direct buses from Split, Zadar, and Šibenik to the park’s entrances.
🚢 By Boat: From Skradin, you can take a boat ride into the park.

💡 Tips for Visiting Krka National Park

✅ Best time to visit? Spring & early autumn (April–June, September–October) – Fewer crowds & mild weather 🍃
✅ Start early! Arrive before 10 AM to avoid crowds, especially in summer ☀️
✅ Bring water & snacks – Limited food options inside the park 🍎
✅ Wear comfy shoes – Wooden walkways & trails can be slippery 👟
✅ Take a boat tour – The best way to see Visovac Island & hidden spots ⛵
✅ Buy tickets online – Save time at the entrance 🎟️

@ fd78c37f:a0ec0833

YakiHonne: I'm excited to be joined by our guest Piccolo—thank you very much for being here. Before we dive in, I'd like to briefly introduce YakiHonne. YakiHonne is a decentralized media client built on the Nostr protocol, leveraging technology to enable freedom of speech. It empowers creators to fully own their voice and assets while offering innovative tools such as Smart widget , Verified Notes, and support for long-form content. Today, we’re not just discussing YakiHonne, but also diving into your community. Piccolo, could you start by telling us a bit about yourself and your community?

Piccolo:Hi, I'm Piccolo. I run BO฿ Space in Bangkok, and we also have a satellite location called the BO฿ Space corner in Chiang Mai, thanks to the Bitcoin Learning Center. Piccolo:Regarding my background，I originally came from corporate finance and investment banking. I was in that field for about 20 years, with the last 15 spent running my own firm in corporate finance advisory alongside a couple of partners. We eventually sold the advisory business in 2015, took a short break, and in 2016, I ended up launching a fintech company, which is still operational today. The company specializes in equity crowdfunding and is licensed by the SEC in Thailand. Piccolo:I first bought Bitcoin a few years before truly understanding it, initially thinking it was a scam that would eventually collapse. However, in 2017, the block size wars demonstrated the protocol’s strong resistance to attacks on decentralization, which deeply impacted me. By late 2018 or early 2019, I started to really grasp Bitcoin and kept learning. Then, in mid-2022, after having fully fallen down the Bitcoin rabbit hole, I founded BO฿ Space. It was right after COVID, and since the fintech had scaled down, there was extra space. We started by hosting meetups and technical workshops for people who were interested. Piccolo:In the early years, we had various groups come by—like the team from BDK (Bitcoin Development Kit), who held workshops. The people behind the Bitcoin Beach Wallet, which later became Blink, also visited. So, BO฿ Space initially functioned as a meetup and technical workshop space. Eventually, we launched the BOB Builders Residency program, which was a lot of fun. We secured grant funding for developers under different cohort themes, so that they can collaborate and co-work for a few months. So far, we have completed three cohorts.

YakiHonne:How did your community get started, and what did you do to attract new members in the beginning?

Piccolo:The initial members came through word of mouth and invitations that I sent out. I reached out to an initial group of Bitcoiners here in the city who I believed were strong maximalists or Bitcoin-only supporters, back when that was still a thing. I sent out 21 invitations and had our first meetup with 21 people, most of whom I had interacted with online, though some in person during the COVID years. From there, it spread by word of mouth, and of course, through Twitter and meetup.com. So, I would say that word of mouth remains the main method of growth. Additionally, when people come through Bangkok and are looking for a Bitcoin-only meetup, there really isn't one available. I believe there are a couple now—maybe two or three—but when we started, there weren’t any, especially not a dedicated Bitcoin-only space. I think we may still be the only one in Bangkok. So yeah, word of mouth was definitely the main way we grew. Bitcoiners tend to share their finds when they meet like-minded people.

YakiHonne:Didn’t you have people in your community who initially thought Bitcoin was a scam, like you did, or face similar issues?

Piccolo:Yes, it still happens, especially when the price of Bitcoin rises. Newcomers still join, and some of them believe Bitcoin might be a scam. However, this has become less frequent. The main reason is that when people come to BO฿ Space, they know it’s a Bitcoin-only meetup. We generally don’t discuss the price; instead, we focus on other aspects of Bitcoin, as there are many interesting developments in the space.

YakiHonne:What advice would you give to someone looking to start or grow a Bitcoin-focused community in today’s world? Considering the current landscape, much like your own experience, what guidance would you offer?

Piccolo:It sounds simple, but just do it. When it comes to community building, you don’t necessarily need a physical space. Community is about people coming together, right? Two people can start a community, then three, four, and so on. Meetups can happen anywhere—your favorite bar, a restaurant, a friend’s garage, or wherever. So, just do it, but make sure you have more than one person, otherwise, how can you build a community? Once you have more than one person, word of mouth will spread. And as you develop a core group—let’s say more than five people—that’s when I think the community can truly sustain itself.

YakiHonne:I know you’ve mentioned the technical side of your community, but I’ll ask anyway—does your community engage with the technical or non-technical aspects of Bitcoin? Or perhaps, is there a blend of both?

Piccolo:I would say both. It really depends on the monthly themes of our meetups. For example, February was focused on Asian communities in Bitcoin. During that month, community leaders came in to give presentations and discuss their work in places like Indonesia, India, and more recently, someone from HRF (Human Rights Foundation) talked about Bitcoin’s use case in Myanmar. Then, in December, we had a very technical month—Mining Month. It was led by our Cohort 3 residents, where we discussed Stratum V2 and had a demo on it. We also examined the Loki board hardware, and Zack took apart the S19, looking at different ways to repurpose the power supply unit, among other things. So, it’s a mix of both, depending on the theme for that month. Some months are very technical, while others are more community-focused and less technical.

YakiHonne:What advice would you give to a technically inclined individual or organization looking to contribute meaningfully to the Bitcoin ecosystem?

Piccolo:For technically inclined individuals, I would suggest identifying your favorite open-source project in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Start from Bitcoin Core and explore different layers, such as Lightning or e-cash, and other open-source projects. As for technically inclined organizations, if you're integrating Bitcoin into your business, I would say, first, make sure you have people within your organization who truly understand Bitcoin. Build a capable team first, and then, depending on the part of the Bitcoin ecosystem you’re involved in—whether it’s custody services, Lightning payments, layer 2, or something like Cashu or Ark—find your niche. From there, your team will work with you to discover ways to contribute. But until you build that capability, organizations are a bit different from individuals in this space.

YakiHonne:How do you see the world of Bitcoin communities evolving as technology matures, particularly in areas like scalability, privacy, and adaptability with other systems?

Piccolo:That's an interesting question. If we think about the future of Bitcoin communities, I believe they may eventually disappear as technology matures. Once Bitcoin scales to a point where it integrates seamlessly with other payment systems, becoming part of the everyday norm, the need for dedicated communities will diminish. It’s similar to how we no longer have meetups about refrigerators or iPhones, even though they are technologies we use every day. As Bitcoin matures, it will likely reach that level of ubiquity. There might still be occasional meetups or forums, but they will be more about specific knowledge, use cases, and tools, rather than a community dedicated to introducing others to the technology itself. However, this is a long way off. Bitcoin is still relatively small compared to the global fiat financial system, despite the growth we want to see. So, it will take a long time before we reach that stage.

YakiHonne:It’s something I hadn’t considered before, and it’s quite insightful. Moving to our last question actually which I find very interesting is the government around you for or against bitcoin and how has That affected the community.

Piccolo:In my opinion, on a general level, the government is more supportive than opposed to Bitcoin. The Thai government classifies Bitcoin as a digital asset, almost like digital gold. In that sense, they want to tax capital gains and regulate it. They also have a regulatory framework for it, known as the Digital Asset Regulatory Sandbox, where you can test various things, mainly coins and tokens. It's unfortunate, but that’s how it is. However, our government, especially the regulatory bodies, are open to innovation. They recognize that Bitcoin is different, but they still view blockchain and tokens as useful technologies, which is somewhat misguided. So, in that sense, it’s more support than opposition. A couple of years ago, there was a circular discouraging the use of Bitcoin as a payment currency, mainly because they can't control its monetary policy. And they’re right—Bitcoin can’t be controlled by anyone; there’re the protocol and the rules, and everyone follows them, unless there’s a hard fork, which is a different matter. So, in that regard, Bitcoin is definitely categorized as a digital asset by the government, and that’s where it stands. Piccolo:People who come to BO฿ Space to learn about Bitcoin are often influenced by the government from the point of price movements; especially when government support moves the price up. But they usually only visit once or twice, especially if they’re not deep into the Bitcoin rabbit hole. They often get disappointed because, at BO฿ Space, we rarely discuss the price—maybe once a year, and that’s just after the meetup when people are having drinks. So, in that sense, I’d say the government currently doesn’t really hurt or help the community either way. People will go down the rabbit hole at their own pace. And if you're not a Bitcoiner and you come to a BO฿ Space meetup with a crypto focus, you might be surprised by the approach we take.

YakiHonne:Thank you, Piccolo, for your time and insights. It’s been a pleasure speaking with you. Your perspective on the evolution of Bitcoin communities was eye-opening. It's clear that your deep understanding of Bitcoin is invaluable. I'm sure our readers will appreciate your insights. Once again, thank you, Piccolo. I look forward to seeing the continued growth of BO฿ Space and Bitcoin adoption.

@ 0d6c8388:46488a33

Huge thank you to OpenSats for the grant to work on Hypernote this year! I thought I'd take this opportunity to try and share my thought processes for Hypernote. If this all sounds very dense or irrelevant to you I'm sorry!

===

How can the ideas of "hypermedia" benefit nostr? That's the goal of hypernote. To take the best ideas from "hypertext" and "hypercard" and "hypermedia systems" and apply them to nostr in a specifically nostr-ey way.

1. What do we mean by hypermedia

A hypermedia document embeds the methods of interaction (links, forms, and buttons are the most well-known hypermedia controls) within the document itself. It's including the how with the what.

This is how the old web worked. An HTML page was delivered to the web browser, and it included in it a link or perhaps a form that could be submitted to obtain a new, different HTML page. This is how the whole web worked early on! Forums and GeoCities and eBay and MySpace and Yahoo! and Amazon and Google all emerged inside this paradigm.

A web browser in this paradigm was a "thin" client which rendered the "thick" application defined in the HTML (and, implicitly, was defined by the server that would serve that HTML).

Contrast this with modern app development, where the what is usually delivered in the form of JSON, and then HTML combined with JavaScript (React, Svelte, Angular, Vue, etc.) is devised to render that JSON as a meaningful piece of hypermedia within the actual browser, the how.

The browser remains a "thin" client in this scenario, but now the application is delivered in two stages: a client application of HTML and JavaScript, and then the actual JSON data that will hydrate that "application".

(Aside: it's interesting how much "thicker" the browser has had to become to support this newer paradigm!)

Nostr was obviously built in line with the modern paradigm: nostr "clients" (written in React or Svelte or as mobile apps) define the how of reading and creating nostr events, while nostr events themselves (JSON data) simply describe the what.

And so the goal with Hypernote is to square this circle somehow: nostr currently delivers JSON what, how do we deliver the how with nostr as well. Is that even possible?

2. Hypernote's design assumptions

Hypernote assumes that hypermedia over nostr is a good idea! I'm expecting some joyful renaissance of app expression similar to that of the web once we figure out how to express applications in a truly "nostr" way.

Hypernote was also deeply inspired by HTMX, so it assumes that building web apps in the HTMX style is a good idea. The HTMX insight is that instead of shipping rich scripting along with your app, you could simply make HTML a tiny bit more expressive and get 95% of what most apps need. HTMX's additions to the HTML language are designed to be as minimal and composable as possible, and Hypernote should have the same aims.

Hypernote also assumes that the "design" of nostr will remain fluid and anarchic for years to come. There will be no "canonical" list of "required" NIPs that we'll have "consensus" on in order to build stable UIs on top of. Hypernote will need to be built responsive to nostr's moods and seasons, rather than one holy spec.

Hypernote likes the nak command line tool. Hypernote likes markdown. Hypernote likes Tailwind CSS. Hypernote likes SolidJS. Hypernote likes cold brew coffee. Hypernote is, to be perfectly honest, my aesthetic preferences applied to my perception of an opportunity in the nostr ecosystem.

3. "What's a hypernote?"

Great question. I'm still figuring this out. Everything right now is subject to change in order to make sure hypernote serves its intended purpose.

But here's where things currently stand:

A hypernote is a flat list of "Hypernote Elements". A Hypernote Element is composed of:

1. CONTENT. Static or dynamic content. (the what)
2. LOGIC. Filters and events (the how)
3. STYLE. Optional, inline style information specific to this element's content.

In the most basic example of a hypernote story, here's a lone "edit me" in the middle of the canvas:

{ "id": "fb4aaed4-bf95-4353-a5e1-0bb64525c08f", "type": "text", "text": "edit me", "x": 540, "y": 960, "size": "md", "color": "black" }

As you can see, it has no logic, but it does have some content (the text "edit me") and style (the position, size, and color).

Here's a "sticker" that displays a note:

{ "id": "2cd1ef51-3356-408d-b10d-2502cbb8014e", "type": "sticker", "stickerType": "note", "filter": { "kinds": [ 1 ], "ids": [ "92de77507a361ab2e20385d98ff00565aaf3f80cf2b6d89c0343e08166fed931" ], "limit": 1 }, "accessors": [ "content", "pubkey", "created_at" ], "x": 540, "y": 960, "associatedData": {} }

As you can see, it's kind of a mess! The content and styling and underdeveloped for this "sticker", but at least it demonstrates some "logic": a nostr filter for getting its data.

Here's another sticker, this one displays a form that the user can interact with to SEND a note. Very hyper of us!

{ "id": "42240d75-e998-4067-b8fa-9ee096365663", "type": "sticker", "stickerType": "prompt", "filter": {}, "accessors": [], "x": 540, "y": 960, "associatedData": { "promptText": "What's your favorite color?" }, "methods": { "comment": { "description": "comment", "eventTemplate": { "kind": 1111, "content": "${content}", "tags": [ [ "E", "${eventId}", "", "${pubkey}" ], [ "K", "${eventKind}" ], [ "P", "${pubkey}" ], [ "e", "${eventId}", "", "${pubkey}" ], [ "k", "${eventKind}" ], [ "p", "${pubkey}" ] ] } } } }

It's also a mess, but it demos the other part of "logic": methods which produce new events.

This is the total surface of hypernote, ideally! Static or dynamic content, simple inline styles, and logic for fetching and producing events.

I'm calling it "logic" but it's purposfully not a whole scripting language. At most we'll have some sort of jq-like language for destructing the relevant piece of data we want.

My ideal syntax for a hypernote as a developer will look something like

```foo.hypernote Nak-like logic

Markdown-like content

CSS-like styles ```

But with JSON as the compile target, this can just be my own preference, there can be other (likely better!) ways of authoring this content, such as a Hypernote Stories GUI.

The end

I know this is all still vague but I wanted to get some ideas out in the wild so people understand the through line of my different Hypernote experiments. I want to get the right amount of "expressivity" in Hypernote before it gets locked down into one spec. My hunch is it can be VERY expressive while remaining simple and also while not needing a whole scripting language bolted onto it. If I can't pull it off I'll let you know.

@ 905365ac:4247f9de

"85% of the KGB ['s strategy to take over a country] is always subversion." Yuri Bezmenov

Ideological subversion is even stronger today, with an even greater reach because of the internet. Unlike during Yuri's time, however, we are being subverted internally.

What is subversion?

Short answer: brainwashing.

Long answer:

Demoralization > Destabilization > Crisis > Normilization

Demoralization: control educational institutions, media, and cultural platforms

Destabilization: control internal and foreign politics, economic, and defense systems.

Crisis: violent change of power, structure, and economy

Normalization: period of stability*

One teacher** believes that the way this is currently being played out is through our culture wars - particularly anti-whiteness. I would add that it is playing out both in anti-whiteness and in anti-masculinity.

Short history lesson:

America embarked on an endeavor to "de-nazi" Germany via demoralization following World War 2. The charge was lead by a Frankfort school that sought refuge in the U.S. during the war. That demoralization was based on mass cultural guilt (interestingly enough, I actually learned the concept of collective guilt as a tool to “heal communities” in a class on Peace and Conflict during college).

According to this teacher, that mass guilt then started being applied by leftists in a range of western civilizations, including America where the root guilt is racism. A secondary guilt Americans suffer from is "the partriarchy," which has led to a whole slew of mass demoralization which can be seen most evidently in this current wave of feminism and in gender ideology.

In such countries, the idea is that fascism (seen as the scapegoat of whatever mass guilt is being applied) must eventually be annihilated. Otherwise, the guilt is too difficult to bear. In the U.S., that’s whiteness. In Germany, it was Nazis and now it’s Germans themselves.

Takeaways:

1. The best way personally advocate for a strong country that stands against ideological subversion is to directly counter demoralization in the spheres of education, media, and in cultural spaces.

2. Invest in countering destabilization by appointing, electing, and being those who fight for peace, unity and freedom on our political, economic, and defensive grounds.

Speak truth. Homeschool (or be involved in your local schools). Join NOSTR. Contribute to local, state and federal politics in a way that will positively impact your grandchildren. Support the soldiers and veterans you know and love. Be pro-human.

https://youtu.be/5gnpCqsXE8g

https://youtu.be/niiF8hCSrYQ

@ bf95e1a4:ebdcc848

This is a part of the Bitcoin Infinity Academy course on Knut Svanholm's book Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics. For more information, check out our Geyser page!

Financial Atheism

“Don’t trust, verify” is a common saying amongst bitcoiners that represents a sound attitude towards not only Bitcoin but all human power structures. In order to understand Bitcoin, one must admit that everything in society is man-made. Every civilization, every religion, every constitution, and every law is a product of human imagination. It wasn’t until as late as the 17th century that the scientific method started to become the dominant practice for describing how the world actually worked. Peer-to-peer review and repeated testing of a hypothesis are still quite recent human practices. Before this, we were basically just guessing and trusting authorities to a large extent. We still do this today, and despite our progress over the last couple of centuries, we still have a long way to go. Our brains are hardwired to follow the leader of the pack. The human brain is born with a plethora of cognitive biases pre-installed, and we have to work very hard to overcome them. We evolved to survive in relatively small groups, and our brains are thus not really made for seeing the bigger picture. Bitcoin’s proof-of-work algorithm is constructed in such a way that it is easy to verify that computational power was sacrificed in order to approve a block of transactions and claim its reward. In this way, no trust in any authority is required as it is relatively trivial to test the validity of a block and the transactions it contains. This is nothing short of a complete reimagining of how human society ought to be governed. The beauty of mathematics governs the Bitcoin system. Everything that ever happens in Bitcoin is open and verifiable to everyone, even to those who are not yet using it.

After the tragic events of 9/11 in 2001, Sam Harris started writing his book The End of Faith, which happened to be released around the same time as Richard Dawkins’ The God Delusion, Daniel Dennett's Breaking the Spell, and Christopher Hitchens’ God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything. These books kick-started what, in hindsight, has often been referred to as the new atheist movement, even though there has arguably never been anything new about atheism. Atheism must almost certainly have preceded religion since religious ideas require the person holding the idea to believe a certain doctrine or story. Atheism is nothing but the rejection of ways to describe the world that are not verifiable by experimentation. A fly on the wall is probably an atheist by this definition of the word. Atheism is often accused of being just another set of beliefs, but the word itself describes what it is much better — a lack of belief in theistic ideas. It is not a code of conduct or set of rules to live your life by; it is simply the rejection of that which cannot be scientifically verified. Many people, religious people, in particular, have a hard time grasping this. If you believe that a supernatural entity created everything in everyone's life, you might not be too comfortable with a word that describes a complete rejection of what you believe created everything, including the very atheist that the word describes. The amount of different religious worldviews that exist is probably equal to the sum of all religious people on the planet, but all world views that reject these superstitious beliefs require but one word. Atheism is not the opposite of religion but is simply the lack of it.

In 2008, another sub-culture movement of unbelief was born. Let’s call it Financial Atheism — the rejection of unverifiable value claims. With the invention of Bitcoin, a way of rejecting fraudulent expressions of a token’s value was born. Those of us fortunate enough to have been born in secular countries all enjoy not having the ideas of religious demagogues dictating our lives on a daily basis. We can choose which ideas to believe in and which to reject. What we still have very limited means of choosing, however, are the ways in which we express value to each other. We’re told to use a system in which we all have a certain number of value tokens assigned to our name, either as a number on a screen or as digits on paper notes. We all live in the collective hallucination that these numbers are somehow legit and that their authenticity is not to be questioned.

A Bitcoin balance assigned to a certain Bitcoin address might seem just as questionable to a layman, but if you have a basic understanding of the hashing algorithms and game theory behind it, it’s not. At the time of writing, the hash of the latest block on the Bitcoin blockchain begins with eighteen zeros in a row. These zeros represent the Proof of Work that ensures that this block is valid and that every transaction in it actually happened. If you can grasp the concept of a hashing algorithm, and if you have an intuition about mathematics, you realize the gargantuan amount of calculating effort that went into finding this particular hash. It is simply mind-blowing. To forge a false version of a hash beginning with eighteen zeros just wouldn’t be economically viable. Of course, you can never actually know that a 51% attack or some other attempt at corrupting the blockchain hasn’t occurred, but you can know that such an attack would require more than half of the network acting against their own economic interest. Bitcoin is not something to believe in. You don’t need to trust any authority because you can validate the plausibility of its authenticity yourself. It’s the financial equivalent of atheism or unbelief. Satoshi wasn’t Jesus. Satoshi was Brian of Nazareth, telling his followers to think for themselves.

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. The second law states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases, and the third law states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. In the Bitcoin network, participants known as miners compete for new Bitcoin in a lottery with very fixed rules. The more hashing power (computing power) a miner contributes to the network, the higher his chances of winning the block reward, a specific amount of Bitcoin that is halved every four years. The difficulty of this lottery - in other words, the miner’s chance of winning it — is re-calibrated every 2016th block so that the average time it takes to find the next block is always roughly ten minutes. What this system produces is absolute scarcity; the amount of Bitcoin in existence at any moment in time is always predictable. The more time that passes, the slower the rate of coin issuance and the block reward slowly approaches zero. By the time it does, around the year 2140, the individual miner’s incentive to mine for a reward will, at least theoretically, have been replaced by an incentive to collect transaction fees from the participants of the network. Even now, the sum of all fees make up a non-trivial part of the miners’ revenue. Yet from a user’s point of view the fees are still very low, and as the network scales up using Layer 2 solutions such as the Lightning Network, they’re expected to remain low for quite a long time ahead.

Absolute scarcity is a concept that mankind has never encountered before. Arguably, this makes it the first man-made concept to ever be directly linked to the laws of physics. Everything anyone does requires a certain amount of energy. The very word doing implies that some kind of movement, some type of energy expenditure, needs to occur. As mentioned earlier, how we value things is entirely subjective. Different actions are of different value to different people. How we value different things is also inevitably linked to the supply of those things. Had the trapped-under-ice winter diver mentioned in chapter one been equipped with a scuba tank, he probably wouldn't have thought of his next breath as such a precious thing. The price a person is willing to pay for a good — in other words, the sum of one or more person’s actions — can be derived from two basic variables: The highly subjective demand for the good and the always-constrained-by-time-and-space supply of that same good. Note that if supply is sufficiently limited, there only needs to be a minimal amount of demand for a good for its price to increase.

One could argue that no one needs Bitcoin and that, therefore, Bitcoin would have no intrinsic value. One could also argue that there’s no such thing as intrinsic value since demand is always subjective. In any case, there will always be a cost to mine Bitcoin, and the more mining power in the network, the higher that cost. This cost, ensured by the Bitcoin network’s Proof-Of-Work algorithm, is probably as close to a pure energy cost as the price of a human activity will ever get. Once the mining rig is in place, a simple conversion process follows — energy in, scarce token out. Should the cost of production exceed the current price of the token, the miner can just choose not to sell, thereby limiting the supply of Bitcoin in circulation even more and eventually selling them for other goods whenever he sees fit. In this sense, Bitcoin is a battery. Perhaps the best battery ever invented.

Storing and moving electrical energy around has always been costly and wasteful. Bitcoin offers a way of converting energy into a small part of a specific number. A mathematical battery, if you will. It is important to remember that it does not convert energy into value directly, but rather electricity into digital scarcity — digital scarcity that can be used to express value. Energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system, as the first law of thermodynamics clearly states. Bitcoin can express how much energy was sacrificed in order to acquire a share of the total sum. You can also acquire Bitcoin by buying it rather than mining it, but in doing so, you also spend energy. You somehow acquired the money with which you bought the Bitcoin. You, or someone else, sacrificed time and energy somewhere. Bitcoin lets you express that you see that there’s a connection between value and scarcity by letting you sacrifice effort to claim a part of the total sum.

The excitement we so-called "Bitcoin Maximalists" feel about Bitcoin does not come primarily from the enormous gains that those who hopped early onto the freight train have been blessed with. Nor is it because we’re “in it for the technology,” as can often be heard from opponents. Those of us who preach the near-divinity of this invention do so above all because we see the philosophical impacts of absolute scarcity in a commodity. The idea of a functioning solution to the double-spending problem in computerized money is an achievement that simply can’t be ignored. By solving the double-spending problem, Satoshi also made counterfeiting impossible, which in turn makes artificial inflation impossible. The world-changing potential of this invention cannot be understated. Not in the long run.

The more you think about it, the more the thought won’t give you any peace of mind. If this experiment works, if it’s real, it will take civilization to the next level. What we don’t know is how long this will take. Right now, debates in the Bitcoin space are about Bitcoin’s functionality as a medium of exchange and its potential as a good store of value. We might be missing the point. We cannot possibly know if a type of monetary token for which you’re completely responsible, with no third-party protection, will ever become a preferred medium of exchange for most transactions. Nor can we know if the price of Bitcoin will follow the hype-cycle path that we all want it to follow so that it can become the store of value that most maximalists claim it already is. Maybe we’ve been focused on the wrong things all along. Maybe Bitcoin’s greatest strength is in its functionality as a unit of account. After all, this is all that Bitcoin does. If you own 21 Bitcoin, you own one-millionth of the world's first absolutely scarce commodity. This might not make you rich overnight, but it just might have something to do with the opportunities available to your great-great-grandchildren.

Throughout history, whenever a prehistoric human tribe invented ceremonial burial, that tribe began to expand rapidly. Why? Because as soon as you invent belief in an afterlife, you also introduce the idea of self-sacrifice on a larger scale. People who held these beliefs were much easier for a despot to manipulate and send into battle with neighboring tribes. Religious leaders can use people’s fears and superstitions to have them commit all sorts of atrocities to their fellow man, and they still do so today. Belief in a “greater good” can be the most destructive idea that can pop up in a human mind. The Nazis of World War II Germany believed that exterminating Jews was for the “greater good” of their nation’s gene pool. Belief in noble causes often comes with unintended side effects, which can have disastrous consequences.

Religious leaders, political leaders, and other power-hungry sociopaths are responsible for the greatest crimes against humanity ever committed — namely, wars. Europeans often question the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which protects the right to bear arms, whenever a tragic school shooting occurs on the other side of the Atlantic. What everyone seems to forget is that less than a hundred years ago, Europe was at war with itself because its citizens had given too much power to their so-called leaders. The Nazis came to power in a democracy — never forget that. Our individual rights weren’t given to us by our leaders; we were born with them. Our leaders can’t give us anything; they can only force us to behave in certain ways. If we truly want to be in charge of our lives, we need to find the tools necessary to circumvent the bullshit ourselves.

About the Bitcoin Infinity Academy

The Bitcoin Infinity Academy is an educational project built around Knut Svanholm’s books about Bitcoin and Austrian Economics. Each week, a whole chapter from one of the books is released for free on Highlighter, accompanied by a video in which Knut and Luke de Wolf discuss that chapter’s ideas. You can join the discussions by signing up for one of the courses on our Geyser page. Signed books, monthly calls, and lots of other benefits are also available.

@ 3e6e0735:9e95c8a2

https://i.nostr.build/lanoHI3p2aCKRZlV.png

I’ve been thinking a lot lately about why Bitcoin still feels so misunderstood. Not just by the media or the IMF — that part’s predictable. But even inside our own circles, something's missing.

We say it’s money. We say it’s freedom. We say it’s code. And it is. But when you really zoom out, past the price and the politics, it’s something more radical than we usually admit.

Bitcoin is a shift in how power moves. And what we do with that power now actually matters.

The noise outside

Let’s start with the obvious: the media still doesn’t get it. Every other headline is either a death knell or a celebration depending on the price that day. No context. No nuance. No understanding of what we’re building.

You’ve seen the headlines: - “Bitcoin is crashing again.” - “Crypto bros are killing the planet.” - “The IMF warns: Bitcoin adoption is dangerous.”

Yeah? Dangerous to what?

The system they control. The levers they pull. The old game where the house always wins.

That’s why they’re afraid. Not because Bitcoin is volatile, but because it doesn’t ask permission.

This isn’t about panic — it’s about patterns

I’m not saying there’s a conspiracy. But there is inertia. Institutions protect themselves. Systems reinforce themselves. They were never going to roll out the red carpet for an open, borderless network that replaces their function.

So the IMF calls it a threat. Central banks scramble to launch CBDCs. And journalists keep writing the same shallow takes while ignoring the real story.

Meanwhile, we’re still here. Still building. Still holding. Still running nodes.

Bitcoin isn’t perfect. But it’s honest. It doesn’t bend to popularity or political pressure. It enforces rules with math, not people. And that’s exactly why it works.

Even we miss it sometimes

Here’s the part that really hit me recently: even within Bitcoin, we often undersell what this is.

We talk about savings. Inflation. Fiat debasement. All real, all important.

But what about the broader layer? What about governance? Energy? Communication? Defense?

Jason Lowery’s book Softwar lit that fuse for me again. Not because it’s flawless — it’s not. But because he reframed the game.

Bitcoin isn’t a new weapon. It’s the end of weapons-as-power.

Proof-of-work, in Lowery’s view, is a form of peaceful negotiation. A deterrent against coercion. A way to shift from kinetic violence to computational resolution.

Most people — even many Bitcoiners — haven’t fully absorbed that.

It’s not about militarizing the network. It’s about demilitarizing the world through energy expenditure that replaces human conflict.

Let’s be clear: this doesn’t mean Bitcoin will be used this way. It means it can. And that opens up a few possible futures:

• Scenario A: Smaller nations adopt Bitcoin infrastructure as a shield — a deterrent and neutral layer to build sovereignty
• Scenario B: Superpowers attack mining and self-custody, escalating regulatory capture and fragmenting the open protocol into corporate silos
• Scenario C: Bitcoin becomes the boring backend of legacy finance, its edge neutered by ETFs and custody-as-a-service

Which one wins depends on what we build — and who steps up.

Then I found Maya

I came across Maya Parbhoe’s campaign by accident. One of those late-night rabbit holes where Bitcoin Twitter turns into a global map.

She’s running for president of Suriname. She’s a Bitcoiner. And she’s not just tweeting about it — she’s building an entire political platform around it.

No central bank. Bitcoin as legal tender. Full fiscal transparency. Open-source government.

Yeah. You read that right. Not just open-source software — open-source statehood.

Her father was murdered after exposing corruption. That’s not a talking point. That’s real-life consequence. And instead of running away from systems, she’s choosing to redesign one.

That’s maximalism. Not in ideology. In action.

The El Salvador experiment — and evolution

When El Salvador made Bitcoin legal tender in 2021, it lit up our feeds. It was bold. Unprecedented. A true first.

But not without flaws.

The rollout was fast. Chivo wallet was centralized. Adoption stalled in rural areas. Transparency was thin. And despite the brave move, the state’s underlying structure remained top-down.

Bukele played offense, but the protocol was wrapped in traditional power.

Maya is doing it differently. Her approach is grassroots-forward. Open-source by design. Focused on education, transparency, and modular state-building — not just mandates.

She’s not using Bitcoin to prop up state power. She’s using it to distribute it.

Maximalism is evolving

Look, I get it. The memes are fun. The laser eyes. The beefsteak meetups. The HODL culture.

But there’s something else growing here. Something a little quieter, a little deeper: - People running nodes to protect civil liberties - Communities using Lightning for real commerce - Builders forging tools for self-sovereign identity - Leaders like Maya testing what Bitcoin can look like as public infrastructure

This is happening. In real time. It’s messy and fragile and still small. But it’s happening.

Let’s also stay honest:

Maximalism has its risks. Dogma can blind us. Toxicity can push people away. And if we’re not careful, we’ll replace one centralization with another — just wearing different memes.

We need less purity, more principles. Less hype, more clarity. That’s the kind of maximalism Maya embodies.

What now?

Maya doesn’t have a VC fund or an ad agency. She has a message, a mission, and the courage to put Bitcoin on the ballot.

If that resonates, help her. Not just by donating — though here’s the link:

https://geyser.fund/project/maya2025

But by sharing. Writing. Talking. Translating. Connecting.

Bitcoin is still early. But it’s not abstract anymore.

This isn’t just theory.

It’s a protocol, sure. But now, maybe it’s a presidency too.

https://i.nostr.build/0luYy8ojK7gkxsuL.png

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Nos últimos anos, tornei-me num acérrimo crítico do Euro, sobretudo da política monetária altamente expansionista realizada pelo Banco Central Europeu (BCE). Apesar de ser crítico, eu não desejo que Portugal volte a ter moeda própria.

No seguimento gráfico, é a variação do IPC de Portugal nos últimos 60 anos:

No gráfico inclui os momentos históricos, para uma melhor interpretação dos dados.

O Índice de Preços ao Consumidor (IPC) é usado para observar tendências de inflação. É calculado com base no preço médio necessário para comprar um conjunto de bens de consumo e serviços num país, comparando com períodos anteriores.

É uma ferramenta utilizada para calcular a perda de poder de compra, mas é uma métrica que é facilmente manipulada em prol dos interesses dos governos.

Análise histórica

No período marcelista, houve uma crescente inflação, devido a fatores, como os elevados custos da guerra e o fim dos acordos de Bretton Woods contribuíram para isso. Terminando com uma inflação superior a 13%.

Da Revolta dos Cravos (1974) até à adesão da CEE (atual União Europeia, UE), nos primeiros anos foram conturbados a nível político, mesmo após conquistar alguma estabilidade, em termos de política monetária foi um descalabro, com inflação entre 12% a 30% ao ano. Foi o pior momento na era moderna.

Com a entrada da CEE, Portugal ainda manteve a independência monetária, mas devido à entrada de muitos milhões de fundos europeus, essências para construir infraestrutura e desenvolver o país. Isto permitiu crescer e modernizar o país, gastando pouco dinheiro próprio, reduzindo a necessidade da expansão monetária e claro a inflação baixou.

Depois com a adesão ao Tratado de Maastricht, em 1991, onde estabeleceu as bases para a criação da União Económica e Monetária, que culminou na criação da moeda única europeia, o Euro. As bases eram bastante restritivas, os políticos portugueses foram obrigados a manter uma inflação baixa. Portugal perdeu a independência monetária em 1999, com a entrada em vigor da nova moeda, foi estabelecida a taxa de conversão entre escudos e euros, tendo o valor de 1 euro sido fixado em 200,482 escudos. A Euro entrou em vigor em 1999, mas o papel-moeda só entrou em circulação em 2002.

Assim, desde a criação até 2020, a inflação foi sempre abaixo de 5% ao ano, tendo um longo período abaixo dos 3%.

A chegada da pandemia, foi um descalabro no BCE, a expansão monetária foi exponencial, resultando numa forte subida no IPC, quase 8% em 2022, algo que não acontecia há 30 anos.

Conclusão

Apesar dos últimos anos, a política monetária do BCE tem sido péssima, mesmo assim continua a ser muito melhor, se esta fosse efetuada em exclusividade por portugueses, não tenho quaisquer dúvidas disso. O passado demonstra isso, se voltarmos a ser independentes monetariamente, será desastroso, vamos virar rapidamente, a Venezuela da Europa.

Até temos boas reservas de ouro, mas mesmo assim não são suficientes, mesmo que se inclua outros ativos para permitir a criação de uma moeda lastreada, ela apenas duraria até à primeira crise. É inevitável, somos um país demasiado socialista.

A solução não é voltar ao escudo, mas sim o BCE deixar de imprimir dinheiro, como se não houvesse amanhã ou então optar por uma moeda total livre, sem intromissão de políticos.

O BCE vai parar de expandir a moeda?

Claro que não, eles estão encurralados, a expansão monetária é a única solução para elevada dívida soberana dos estados. A única certeza que eu tenho, a expansão do BCE, será sempre inferior ao do Banco de Portugal, se este estivesse o botão da impressão à sua disposição. Por volta dos 5% é muito mau, mas voltar para a casa dos 15% seria péssimo, esse seria o nosso destino.

É muito triste ter esta conclusão, isto é demonstrativo da falta de competência dos políticos e governantes portugueses e o povo também tem uma certa culpa. Por serem poucos exigentes em relação à qualidade dos políticos que elegem e por acreditar que existem almoços grátis.

Bitcoin fixes this

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Girona, one of Catalonia’s most charming cities, is a perfect mix of history, culture, and gastronomy. Famous for its well-preserved medieval old town, colorful houses along the Onyar River, and Game of Thrones filming locations, Girona is a must-visit destination in northern Spain.

🏰 Top Things to See & Do in Girona

1️⃣ Girona Cathedral (Catedral de Santa Maria) ⛪

• One of Spain’s most impressive cathedrals, with the widest Gothic nave in the world.
• Famous as the Great Sept of Baelor in Game of Thrones.
• Climb the steps for a breathtaking city view.

2️⃣ Walk the Medieval Walls (Passeig de la Muralla) 🏰

• Offers panoramic views of Girona and the surrounding countryside.
• A great way to see the city from above and explore its medieval history.

3️⃣ The Colorful Houses of the Onyar River 🌉

• Girona’s most iconic view, with brightly colored houses reflecting on the river.
• Best viewed from the Pont de les Peixateries Velles, designed by Gustave Eiffel.

4️⃣ Explore the Jewish Quarter (El Call) 🏡

• One of Europe’s best-preserved Jewish quarters, with narrow, medieval streets.
• Visit the Museum of Jewish History to learn about Girona’s Jewish heritage.

5️⃣ Arab Baths (Banys Àrabs) 🏛️

• A 12th-century Romanesque bathhouse, inspired by Moorish architecture.
• Features a beautiful central dome with columns.

6️⃣ Game of Thrones Filming Locations 🎬

• Walk in the footsteps of Arya Stark through the city’s winding streets.
• Visit the steps of the cathedral, the Jewish Quarter, and Arab Baths, all featured in the series.

7️⃣ Eat at a Michelin-Starred Restaurant 🍽️

• Girona is home to El Celler de Can Roca, a 3-Michelin-star restaurant, ranked among the best in the world.
• Try local Catalan dishes like "suquet de peix" (fish stew) and botifarra (Catalan sausage).

🚗 How to Get to Girona

✈️ By Air: Girona-Costa Brava Airport (GRO) is 20 min away, with budget flights from Europe.
🚆 By Train: High-speed AVE trains connect Barcelona (38 min), Madrid (3.5 hrs), and Paris (5.5 hrs).
🚘 By Car: 1 hr from Barcelona, 40 min from Figueres (Dalí Museum).
🚌 By Bus: Direct buses from Barcelona and the Costa Brava.

💡 Tips for Visiting Girona

✅ Best time to visit? Spring & autumn (April–June & September–October) for pleasant weather. 🌤️
✅ Wear comfortable shoes – The old town is hilly with cobblestone streets. 👟
✅ Try xuixo – A delicious cream-filled pastry, unique to Girona. 🥐
✅ Visit early for Game of Thrones spots – They get crowded during the day! 🎥
✅ Take a day trip – Explore nearby Costa Brava beaches or Figueres (Dalí Museum). 🏖️

@ a60e79e0:1e0e6813

This is a long form note of a post that lives on my Nostr educational website Hello Nostr.

When most people stumble across Nostr, they see is as a 'decentralized social media alternative' — something akin to Twitter (X), but free from corporate control. But the full name, "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays", gives a clue that there’s more to it than just posting short messages. The 'notes' part is easy to grasp because it forms almost everyone's first touch point with the protocol. But the 'other stuff'? That’s where Nostr really gets exciting. The 'other stuff' is all the creative and experimental things people are building on Nostr, beyond simple text based notes.

Every action on Nostr is an event, a like, a post, a profile update, or even a payment. The 'Kind' is what specifies the purpose of each event. Kinds are the building blocks of how information is categorized and processed on the network, and the most popular become part of higher lever specification guidelines known as Nostr Implementation Possibility - NIP. A NIP is a document that defines how something in Nostr should work, including the rules, standards, or features. NIPs define the type of 'other stuff' that be published and displayed by different styles of client to meet different purposes.

Nostr isn’t locked into a single purpose. It’s a foundation for whatever 'other stuff' you can dream up.

Types of Other Stuff

The 'other stuff' name is intentionally vague. Why? Because the possibilities of what can fall under this category are quite literally limitless. In the short time since Nostr's inception, the number of sub-categories that have been built on top of the Nostr's open protocol is mind bending. Here are a few examples:

1. Long-Form Content: Think blog posts or articles. NIP-23.
2. Private Messaging: Encrypted chats between users. NIP-04.
3. Communities: Group chats or forums like Reddit. NIP-72
4. Marketplaces: People listing stuff for sale, payable with zaps. NIP-15
5. Zaps: Value transfer over the Lightning Network. NIP57

Popular 'Other Stuff' Clients

Here's a short list of some of the most recent and popular apps and clients that branch outside of the traditional micro-blogging use case and leverage the openness, and interoperability that Nostr can provide.

Blogging (Long Form Content)

• Habla - Web app for Nostr based blogs
• Highlighter - Web app that enables users to highlight, store and share content

Group Chats

• Chachi Chat - Relay-based (NIP-29) group chat client
• 0xchat - Mobile based secure chat
• Flotilla - Web based chat app built for self-hosted communities
• Nostr Nests - Web app for audio chats
• White Noise - Mobile based secure chat

Marketplaces

• Shopstr - Permissionless marketplace for web
• Plebeian Market - Permissionless marketplace for web
• LNBits Market - Permissionless marketplace for your node
• Mostro - Nostr based Bitcoin P2P Marketplace

Photo/Video

• Olas - An Intragram like client
• Freeflow - A TikTok like client

Music

• Fountain - Podcast app with Nostr features
• Wavlake - A music app supporting the value-for-value ecosystem

Livestreaming

• Zap.stream - Nostr native live streams

Misc

• Wikifreedia - Nostr based Wikipedia alternative
• Wikistr - Nostr based Wikipedia alternative
• Pollerama - Nostr based polls
• Zap Store - The app store powered by your social graph

The 'other stuff' in Nostr is what makes it special. It’s not just about replacing Twitter or Facebook, it’s about building a decentralized ecosystem where anything from private chats to marketplaces can thrive. The beauty of Nostr is that it’s a flexible foundation. Developers can dream up new ideas and build them into clients, and the relays just keep humming along, passing the data around. It’s still early days, so expect the 'other stuff' to grow wilder and weirder over time!

You can explore the evergrowing 'other stuff' ecosystem at NostrApps.com, Nostr.net and Awesome Nostr.

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

It's Finally here Stackers!

It's Friday!

We're about to kick off our weekends with some feel good tracks.

Let's get the party started. Bring me those Feel Good tracks.

Let's get it!

https://youtu.be/r1ATFedwjnk?si=tPtLac6ExYZCx3Ez

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/928119

@ 05cdefcd:550cc264

The crypto world is full of buzzwords. One that I keep on hearing: “Bitcoin is its own asset class”.

While I have always been sympathetic to that view, I’ve always failed to understand the true meaning behind that statement.

Although I consider Bitcoin to be the prime innovation within the digital asset sector, my primary response has always been: How can bitcoin (BTC), a single asset, represent an entire asset class? Isn’t it Bitcoin and other digital assets that make up an asset class called crypto?

Well, I increasingly believe that most of crypto is just noise. Sure, it’s volatile noise that is predominately interesting for very sophisticated hedge funds, market makers or prop traders that are sophisticated enough to extract alpha – but it’s noise nonetheless and has no part to play in a long-term only portfolio of private retail investors (of which most of us are).

Over multiple market cycles, nearly all altcoins underperform Bitcoin when measured in BTC terms. Source: Tradingview

Aha-Moment: Bitcoin keeps on giving

Still, how can Bitcoin, as a standalone asset, make up an entire asset class? The “aha-moment” to answer this question recently came to me in a Less Noise More Signal interview I did with James Van Straten, senior analyst at Coindesk.

Let me paraphrase him here: “You can’t simply recreate the same ETF as BlackRock. To succeed in the Bitcoin space, new and innovative approaches are needed. This is where understanding Bitcoin not just as a single asset, but as an entire asset class, becomes essential. There are countless ways to build upon Bitcoin’s foundation—varied iterations that go beyond just holding the asset. This is precisely where the emergence of the Bitcoin-linked stock market is taking shape—and it's already underway.”

And this is actually coming to fruition as we speak. Just in the last few days, we saw several products launch in that regard.

Obviously, MicroStrategy (now Strategy) is the pioneer of this. The company now owns 506,137 BTC, and while they’ll keep on buying more, they have also inspired many other companies to follow suit.

In fact, there are now already over 70 companies that have adopted Strategy’s Bitcoin playbook. One of the latest companies to buy Bitcoin for their corporate treasury is Rumble. The YouTube competitor just announced their first Bitcoin purchase for $17 million.

Also, the gaming zombie company GameStop just announced to raise money to buy BTC for their corporate treasury.

Gamestop to make BTC their hurdle rate. Source: X

ETF on Bitcoin companies

Given this proliferation of Bitcoin Treasury companies, it was only a matter of time before a financial product tracking these would emerge.

The popular crypto index fund provider Bitwise Investments has just launched this very product called the Bitwise Bitcoin Standard Corporations ETF (OWNB).

The ETF tracks Bitcoin Treasury companies with over 1,000 BTC on their balance sheet. These companies invest in Bitcoin as a strategic reserve asset to protect the $5 trillion in low-yield cash that companies in the US commonly sit on.

These are the top 10 holdings of OWNB. Source: Ownbetf

ETF on Bitcoin companies’ convertible bonds

Another instrument that fits seamlessly into the range of Bitcoin-linked stock market products is the REX Bitcoin Corporate Treasury Convertible Bond ETF (BMAX). The ETF provides exposure to the many different convertible bonds issued by companies that are actively moving onto a Bitcoin standard.

Convertible bonds are a valuable financing tool for companies looking to raise capital for Bitcoin purchases. Their strong demand is driven by the unique combination of equity-like upside and debt-like downside protection they offer.

For example, MicroStrategy's convertible bonds, in particular, have shown exceptional performance. For instance, MicroStrategy's 2031 bonds has shown a price rise of 101% over a one-year period, vastly outperforming MicroStrategy share (at 53%), Bitcoin (at 25%) and the ICE BofA U.S. Convertible Index (at 10%). The latter is the benchmark index for convertible bond funds, tracking the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated convertible securities in the U.S. market.

The chart shows a comparison of ICE BofA U.S. Convertible Index, the Bloomberg Bitcoin index (BTC price), MicroStrategy share (MSTR), and MicroStrategy bond (0.875%, March 15 203). The convertible bond has been outperforming massively. Source: Bloomberg

While the BMAX ETF faces challenges such as double taxation, which significantly reduces investor returns (explained in more detail here), it is likely that future products will emerge that address and improve upon these issues.

Bitcoin yield products

The demand for a yield on Bitcoin has increased tremendously. Consequently, respective products have emerged.

Bitcoin yield products aim to generate alpha by capitalizing on volatility, market inefficiencies, and fragmentation within cryptocurrency markets. The objective is to achieve uncorrelated returns denominated in Bitcoin (BTC), with attractive risk-adjusted performance. Returns are derived exclusively from asset selection and trading strategies, eliminating reliance on directional market moves.

Key strategies employed by these funds include:

• Statistical Arbitrage: Exploits short-term pricing discrepancies between closely related financial instruments—for instance, between Bitcoin and traditional assets, or Bitcoin and other digital assets. Traders utilize statistical models and historical price relationships to identify temporary inefficiencies.
• Futures Basis Arbitrage: Captures profits from differences between the spot price of Bitcoin and its futures contracts. Traders simultaneously buy or sell Bitcoin on spot markets and enter opposite positions in futures markets, benefiting as the prices converge.
• Funding Arbitrage: Generates returns by taking advantage of variations in Bitcoin funding rates across different markets or exchanges. Funding rates are periodic payments exchanged between long and short positions in perpetual futures contracts, allowing traders to profit from discrepancies without significant directional exposure.
• Volatility/Option Arbitrage: Seeks profits from differences between implied volatility (reflected in Bitcoin options prices) and expected realized volatility. Traders identify mispriced volatility in options related to Bitcoin or Bitcoin-linked equities, such as MSTR, and position accordingly to benefit from volatility normalization.
• Market Making: Involves continuously providing liquidity by simultaneously quoting bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices for Bitcoin. Market makers profit primarily through capturing the spread between these prices, thereby enhancing market efficiency and earning consistent returns.
• Liquidity Provision in DeFi Markets: Consists of depositing Bitcoin (usually as Wrapped BTC) into decentralized finance (DeFi) liquidity pools such as those on Uniswap, Curve, or Balancer. Liquidity providers earn fees paid by traders who execute swaps within these decentralized exchanges, creating steady yield opportunities.

Notable products currently available in this segment include the Syz Capital BTC Alpha Fund offered by Syz Capital and the Forteus Crypto Alpha Fund by Forteus.

BTC-denominated share class

A Bitcoin-denominated share class refers to a specialized investment fund category in which share values, subscriptions (fund deposits), redemptions (fund withdrawals), and performance metrics are expressed entirely in Bitcoin (BTC), rather than in traditional fiat currencies such as USD or EUR.

Increasingly, both individual investors and institutions are adopting Bitcoin as their preferred benchmark—or "Bitcoin hurdle rate"—meaning that investment performance is evaluated directly against Bitcoin’s own price movements.

These Bitcoin-denominated share classes are designed specifically for investors seeking to preserve and grow their wealth in Bitcoin terms, rather than conventional fiat currencies. As a result, investors reduce their exposure to fiat-related risks. Furthermore, if Bitcoin outperforms fiat currencies, investors holding BTC-denominated shares will experience enhanced returns relative to traditional fiat-denominated investment classes.

X: https://x.com/pahueg

Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@lessnoisemoresignalpodcast

Book: https://academy.saifedean.com/product/the-bitcoin-enlightenment-hardcover/

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

There is a new web being built on Nostr. At it's core, is a social experience paralleled by no other decentralized protocol. Nostr not only solves the problems of siloed relationships, third-party identity ownership, and algorithmic content control; it makes possible a ubiquitous social network across almost anything imaginable. User controlled identity, open data, and verifiable social graphs allow us to redefine trust on the web. We can interact with each other and online content in ways that have previously only been pipedreams. Nostr is not just social media, it is the web made social.

Interoperability

The client/relay relationship on Nostr allows for almost endless data exchange between various apps, clients, relays, and users. If any two things are willing to speak the same sub-protocol(s) within Nostr, they can exchange data. Making a friend list enables that list to be used in any other place that chooses to make it available. Creating a relay to serve an algorithmic social feed makes that feed viewable in any client that displays social feeds. Health data held by a patient can be shared with any care provider, verified by their system, and vice versa. This is the point where I have to acknowledge my own tech-deaf limitations and direct you towards nostr.com for more information.

Data Resiliency

I prefer to use the term resiliency here, because its really a mix of data redundancy and self-managed data that creates broad availability. Relays may host 10, 20, 30+ copies of your notes in different locations, but you also have no assurance that those relays will hosts those notes forever. An individual operating their own relay, while also connecting to the wider network, ensures resiliency in events such that wide swaths of the network should disappear or collude against an individual. The simplicity of relay management makes it possible for nearly anyone to make sure that they have a way to convey their messages to their individual network, whether that be close contacts, an audience, or one individual. This resiliency doesn't just apply to typical speech, it applies to any data intended to be shared amongst humans and machines alike.

Pseudonymity and Anonymity

With privacy encroachment from corporations, advertisers, and governments reaching all time highs, the need for identity protecting tools is also on the rise. Nostr utilizes public key encryption for its identity system. As there is no central entity to "verify" you, there is no need to expose any personal identifiable information to any Nostr app, client, or relay. You can protect your personal identity by simply choosing not to expose it. Your reputation will build as you interact with others on the Nostr network. Your social capital can speak for itself. (As with everything else, utilizing a VPN is recommended.)

Identity and Provability

No one can stop an impersonator from trying to hijack an identity. With Nostr, you CAN prove that you are you, though, which is basically the same as saying "that person is not me" Every note you write, every action you take, is cryptographically signed by your private key. As long as you maintain control of that key, you can prove what you did or did not do.

Censorship Resistance

If you have read our Relay Rundown then you probably get the idea. If not here's the tl;dr: Many small, lightweight relays make up Nostr's distribution system. They are simple enough that anyone can run one. They are redundant enough that you can be almost certain your content exists somewhere. If that is not peace of mind enough, you can run your own with ease. Censorship resistance isn't counting on one company, man, or server to protect what you say. It is taking control of your speech. Nostr makes it easy.

Freedom of Mind and Association

Nostr eliminates the need for company run algorithms that high-jack your attention to feed the advertising industry. You are free to choose your social media experience. Nostr's DVMs, curations, and conversation-centered relays offer discovery mechanisms run by any number of providers. That could be an individual, a company, a group, or you. Many clients incorporate different ways of engaging with these corporate algorithm alternatives. You can also choose to keep a purely chronological feed of the the things and people you follow. Exploring Nostr through its many apps opens up a the freedom to choose what and how you feed your mind.

When we are able to explore, we end up surrounding ourselves with people who share our interests & hobbies. We find friends. This creates distance between ideologies and stark beliefs that often are used as the basis for the term "being in a bubble". Instead of bubbling off, an infinitely open space of thoughts and ideas allows for groups to gather naturally. In this way, we can choose not to block ourselves off from opposing views but to simply distance ourselves from them.

Nostr's relay system also allows for the opposite. Tight-knit communities can create a space for its members to socialize and exchange information with minimal interference from any outside influence. By setting up their own relays with strict rules, the members can utilize one identity to interact within a community or across the broader social network.

@ a3bb06f6:19ac1b11

“Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will continue to direct your life, and you will call it fate.” — Carl Jung

Most people don’t realize they’ve been robbed. Not in the dramatic, wallet-snatching sense, but in a quiet, systemic way that’s gone unnoticed for generations. If you’re feeling like no matter how hard you work, you can’t get ahead… you’re not imagining it.

It didn’t start as a scheme—but one compromise after another, it became one. Now, the system exploits you by design. This isn’t fate. It’s fiat.

The Unconscious Script: How Fiat Becomes Invisible From the moment you're born, you're placed into an economic system based on government-issued fiat currency. It becomes the air you breathe. You work for dollars. You save in dollars. You price your time, your future, and even your dreams in dollars.

But few stop to ask: What actually is a dollar? Who creates it? Why does it lose value?

This lack of questioning is the unconscious state. Fiat money is the background process running your life. You feel the effects—rising prices, shrinking savings, mounting debt—but you never see the root cause. So you blame yourself. Or “the economy.” Or call it fate.

The Lie of Neutral Money: Most believe money is just a neutral tool. But fiat is not neutral—it’s political power encoded into paper.

Governments can print more of it at will. Central banks can manipulate its supply, distort interest rates, and quietly tax you through inflation. Every time more money is created, your purchasing power shrinks.

But it happens slowly, like a leak in a tire. You don’t notice at first. You just feel like you’re working harder for less. The house is further out of reach. The groceries cost more. Retirement feels impossible.

And you accept it. Because no one told you it's designed this way.

Inflation Is the Invisible Thief, Inflation isn’t just a “cost of living increase.” It’s a state-sponsored form of theft.

When new money is created, it enters the system unevenly. Those closest to the money printer—banks, governments, large corporations—get the new dollars first. By the time it reaches you, prices have already risen. You’re buying the same goods with weaker money.

And yet, most people still save in fiat. They’re taught that hoarding cash is “safe.” They’re taught that 2% inflation is “normal.” But it’s not normal to work 40 hours a week and fall behind. That’s the product of unconscious acceptance.

The fiat system survives on one thing: your ignorance. It didn’t begin with malicious intent, but over time, it adapted to protect its own power—at your expense. As long as you don’t understand how money works, you won’t resist. You’ll blame yourself, or capitalism, or bad luck. But never the system itself.

This is why financial education is never prioritized in schools. This is why questioning monetary policy is left to economists and suits on CNBC. You were never taught how it works. And now the system depends on you staying confused—grinding, borrowing, complying, without ever asking why.

Making the Unconscious Conscious: Enter Bitcoin, Bitcoin breaks this spell.

It forces you to confront the nature of money—what it is, how it’s created, and why fiat fails. It teaches you that money doesn’t need to be printed, inflated, or controlled. That money can be fixed, finite, and fair.

Bitcoin is not just a new currency. It’s a tool of consciousness. It exposes the scam of fiat and offers a lifeboat to anyone ready to wake up.

Once you understand Bitcoin, you can’t unsee the problem. You begin to ask:

Why should I trust a system that steals my time? Why is saving discouraged, but debt rewarded? Why do I need permission to use my own money? These aren’t technical questions. They’re moral ones.

Consciousness Is Sovereignty: When you understand what fiat is, you stop calling your financial struggles “fate.” You start calling them what they are, outcomes of a broken system.

And once you see the system for what it is, you can choose to exit.

Saving in Bitcoin is not speculation. It’s self-defense. It’s rejecting unconscious servitude. It’s reclaiming your time, your labor, your future.

In a fiat world, they own the money—so they own the rules. In a Bitcoin world, you own yourself.

That’s the power of making the unconscious conscious.

And that’s how you stop calling it fate.

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

NIP-01

Basic protocol flow description

draft mandatory

This NIP defines the basic protocol that should be implemented by everybody. New NIPs may add new optional (or mandatory) fields and messages and features to the structures and flows described here.

Events and signatures

Each user has a keypair. Signatures, public key, and encodings are done according to the Schnorr signatures standard for the curve secp256k1.

The only object type that exists is the event, which has the following format on the wire:

jsonc { "id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded sha256 of the serialized event data>, "pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>, "created_at": <unix timestamp in seconds>, "kind": <integer between 0 and 65535>, "tags": [ [<arbitrary string>...], // ... ], "content": <arbitrary string>, "sig": <64-bytes lowercase hex of the signature of the sha256 hash of the serialized event data, which is the same as the "id" field> }

To obtain the event.id, we sha256 the serialized event. The serialization is done over the UTF-8 JSON-serialized string (which is described below) of the following structure:

[ 0, <pubkey, as a lowercase hex string>, <created_at, as a number>, <kind, as a number>, <tags, as an array of arrays of non-null strings>, <content, as a string> ]

To prevent implementation differences from creating a different event ID for the same event, the following rules MUST be followed while serializing: - UTF-8 should be used for encoding. - Whitespace, line breaks or other unnecessary formatting should not be included in the output JSON. - The following characters in the content field must be escaped as shown, and all other characters must be included verbatim: - A line break (0x0A), use \n - A double quote (0x22), use \" - A backslash (0x5C), use \\ - A carriage return (0x0D), use \r - A tab character (0x09), use \t - A backspace, (0x08), use \b - A form feed, (0x0C), use \f

Tags

Each tag is an array of one or more strings, with some conventions around them. Take a look at the example below:

jsonc { "tags": [ ["e", "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36", "wss://nostr.example.com"], ["p", "f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca"], ["a", "30023:f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca:abcd", "wss://nostr.example.com"], ["alt", "reply"], // ... ], // ... }

The first element of the tag array is referred to as the tag name or key and the second as the tag value. So we can safely say that the event above has an e tag set to "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36", an alt tag set to "reply" and so on. All elements after the second do not have a conventional name.

This NIP defines 3 standard tags that can be used across all event kinds with the same meaning. They are as follows:

• The e tag, used to refer to an event: ["e", <32-bytes lowercase hex of the id of another event>, <recommended relay URL, optional>, <32-bytes lowercase hex of the author's pubkey, optional>]
• The p tag, used to refer to another user: ["p", <32-bytes lowercase hex of a pubkey>, <recommended relay URL, optional>]
• The a tag, used to refer to an addressable or replaceable event
  • for an addressable event: ["a", "<kind integer>:<32-bytes lowercase hex of a pubkey>:<d tag value>", <recommended relay URL, optional>]
  • for a normal replaceable event: ["a", "<kind integer>:<32-bytes lowercase hex of a pubkey>:", <recommended relay URL, optional>] (note: include the trailing colon)

As a convention, all single-letter (only english alphabet letters: a-z, A-Z) key tags are expected to be indexed by relays, such that it is possible, for example, to query or subscribe to events that reference the event "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36" by using the {"#e": ["5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36"]} filter. Only the first value in any given tag is indexed.

Kinds

Kinds specify how clients should interpret the meaning of each event and the other fields of each event (e.g. an "r" tag may have a meaning in an event of kind 1 and an entirely different meaning in an event of kind 10002). Each NIP may define the meaning of a set of kinds that weren't defined elsewhere. NIP-10, for instance, especifies the kind:1 text note for social media applications.

This NIP defines one basic kind:

• 0: user metadata: the content is set to a stringified JSON object {name: <nickname or full name>, about: <short bio>, picture: <url of the image>} describing the user who created the event. Extra metadata fields may be set. A relay may delete older events once it gets a new one for the same pubkey.

And also a convention for kind ranges that allow for easier experimentation and flexibility of relay implementation:

• for kind n such that 1000 <= n < 10000 || 4 <= n < 45 || n == 1 || n == 2, events are regular, which means they're all expected to be stored by relays.
• for kind n such that 10000 <= n < 20000 || n == 0 || n == 3, events are replaceable, which means that, for each combination of pubkey and kind, only the latest event MUST be stored by relays, older versions MAY be discarded.
• for kind n such that 20000 <= n < 30000, events are ephemeral, which means they are not expected to be stored by relays.
• for kind n such that 30000 <= n < 40000, events are addressable by their kind, pubkey and d tag value -- which means that, for each combination of kind, pubkey and the d tag value, only the latest event MUST be stored by relays, older versions MAY be discarded.

In case of replaceable events with the same timestamp, the event with the lowest id (first in lexical order) should be retained, and the other discarded.

When answering to REQ messages for replaceable events such as {"kinds":[0],"authors":[<hex-key>]}, even if the relay has more than one version stored, it SHOULD return just the latest one.

These are just conventions and relay implementations may differ.

Communication between clients and relays

Relays expose a websocket endpoint to which clients can connect. Clients SHOULD open a single websocket connection to each relay and use it for all their subscriptions. Relays MAY limit number of connections from specific IP/client/etc.

From client to relay: sending events and creating subscriptions

Clients can send 3 types of messages, which must be JSON arrays, according to the following patterns:

• ["EVENT", <event JSON as defined above>], used to publish events.
• ["REQ", <subscription_id>, <filters1>, <filters2>, ...], used to request events and subscribe to new updates.
• ["CLOSE", <subscription_id>], used to stop previous subscriptions.

<subscription_id> is an arbitrary, non-empty string of max length 64 chars. It represents a subscription per connection. Relays MUST manage <subscription_id>s independently for each WebSocket connection. <subscription_id>s are not guaranteed to be globally unique.

<filtersX> is a JSON object that determines what events will be sent in that subscription, it can have the following attributes:

json { "ids": <a list of event ids>, "authors": <a list of lowercase pubkeys, the pubkey of an event must be one of these>, "kinds": <a list of a kind numbers>, "#<single-letter (a-zA-Z)>": <a list of tag values, for #e — a list of event ids, for #p — a list of pubkeys, etc.>, "since": <an integer unix timestamp in seconds. Events must have a created_at >= to this to pass>, "until": <an integer unix timestamp in seconds. Events must have a created_at <= to this to pass>, "limit": <maximum number of events relays SHOULD return in the initial query> }

Upon receiving a REQ message, the relay SHOULD return events that match the filter. Any new events it receives SHOULD be sent to that same websocket until the connection is closed, a CLOSE event is received with the same <subscription_id>, or a new REQ is sent using the same <subscription_id> (in which case a new subscription is created, replacing the old one).

Filter attributes containing lists (ids, authors, kinds and tag filters like #e) are JSON arrays with one or more values. At least one of the arrays' values must match the relevant field in an event for the condition to be considered a match. For scalar event attributes such as authors and kind, the attribute from the event must be contained in the filter list. In the case of tag attributes such as #e, for which an event may have multiple values, the event and filter condition values must have at least one item in common.

The ids, authors, #e and #p filter lists MUST contain exact 64-character lowercase hex values.

The since and until properties can be used to specify the time range of events returned in the subscription. If a filter includes the since property, events with created_at greater than or equal to since are considered to match the filter. The until property is similar except that created_at must be less than or equal to until. In short, an event matches a filter if since <= created_at <= until holds.

All conditions of a filter that are specified must match for an event for it to pass the filter, i.e., multiple conditions are interpreted as && conditions.

A REQ message may contain multiple filters. In this case, events that match any of the filters are to be returned, i.e., multiple filters are to be interpreted as || conditions.

The limit property of a filter is only valid for the initial query and MUST be ignored afterwards. When limit: n is present it is assumed that the events returned in the initial query will be the last n events ordered by the created_at. Newer events should appear first, and in the case of ties the event with the lowest id (first in lexical order) should be first. It is safe to return less events than limit specifies, but it is expected that relays do not return (much) more events than requested so clients don't get unnecessarily overwhelmed by data.

From relay to client: sending events and notices

Relays can send 5 types of messages, which must also be JSON arrays, according to the following patterns:

• ["EVENT", <subscription_id>, <event JSON as defined above>], used to send events requested by clients.
• ["OK", <event_id>, <true|false>, <message>], used to indicate acceptance or denial of an EVENT message.
• ["EOSE", <subscription_id>], used to indicate the end of stored events and the beginning of events newly received in real-time.
• ["CLOSED", <subscription_id>, <message>], used to indicate that a subscription was ended on the server side.
• ["NOTICE", <message>], used to send human-readable error messages or other things to clients.

This NIP defines no rules for how NOTICE messages should be sent or treated.

• EVENT messages MUST be sent only with a subscription ID related to a subscription previously initiated by the client (using the REQ message above).
• OK messages MUST be sent in response to EVENT messages received from clients, they must have the 3rd parameter set to true when an event has been accepted by the relay, false otherwise. The 4th parameter MUST always be present, but MAY be an empty string when the 3rd is true, otherwise it MUST be a string formed by a machine-readable single-word prefix followed by a : and then a human-readable message. Some examples:
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, ""]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, "pow: difficulty 25>=24"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, "duplicate: already have this event"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "blocked: you are banned from posting here"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "blocked: please register your pubkey at https://my-expensive-relay.example.com"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "rate-limited: slow down there chief"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "invalid: event creation date is too far off from the current time"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "pow: difficulty 26 is less than 30"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "restricted: not allowed to write."]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "error: could not connect to the database"]
• CLOSED messages MUST be sent in response to a REQ when the relay refuses to fulfill it. It can also be sent when a relay decides to kill a subscription on its side before a client has disconnected or sent a CLOSE. This message uses the same pattern of OK messages with the machine-readable prefix and human-readable message. Some examples:
• ["CLOSED", "sub1", "unsupported: filter contains unknown elements"]
• ["CLOSED", "sub1", "error: could not connect to the database"]
• ["CLOSED", "sub1", "error: shutting down idle subscription"]
• The standardized machine-readable prefixes for OK and CLOSED are: duplicate, pow, blocked, rate-limited, invalid, restricted, and error for when none of that fits.

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

NIPs

NIPs stand for Nostr Implementation Possibilities.

They exist to document what may be implemented by Nostr-compatible relay and client software.

---

• List
• Event Kinds
• Message Types
• Client to Relay
• Relay to Client
• Standardized Tags
• Criteria for acceptance of NIPs
• Is this repository a centralizing factor?
• How this repository works
• Breaking Changes
• License

---

List

• NIP-01: Basic protocol flow description
• NIP-02: Follow List
• NIP-03: OpenTimestamps Attestations for Events
• NIP-04: Encrypted Direct Message --- unrecommended: deprecated in favor of NIP-17
• NIP-05: Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers
• NIP-06: Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase
• NIP-07: window.nostr capability for web browsers
• NIP-08: Handling Mentions --- unrecommended: deprecated in favor of NIP-27
• NIP-09: Event Deletion Request
• NIP-10: Text Notes and Threads
• NIP-11: Relay Information Document
• NIP-13: Proof of Work
• NIP-14: Subject tag in text events
• NIP-15: Nostr Marketplace (for resilient marketplaces)
• NIP-17: Private Direct Messages
• NIP-18: Reposts
• NIP-19: bech32-encoded entities
• NIP-21: nostr: URI scheme
• NIP-22: Comment
• NIP-23: Long-form Content
• NIP-24: Extra metadata fields and tags
• NIP-25: Reactions
• NIP-26: Delegated Event Signing
• NIP-27: Text Note References
• NIP-28: Public Chat
• NIP-29: Relay-based Groups
• NIP-30: Custom Emoji
• NIP-31: Dealing with Unknown Events
• NIP-32: Labeling
• NIP-34: git stuff
• NIP-35: Torrents
• NIP-36: Sensitive Content
• NIP-37: Draft Events
• NIP-38: User Statuses
• NIP-39: External Identities in Profiles
• NIP-40: Expiration Timestamp
• NIP-42: Authentication of clients to relays
• NIP-44: Encrypted Payloads (Versioned)
• NIP-45: Counting results
• NIP-46: Nostr Remote Signing
• NIP-47: Nostr Wallet Connect
• NIP-48: Proxy Tags
• NIP-49: Private Key Encryption
• NIP-50: Search Capability
• NIP-51: Lists
• NIP-52: Calendar Events
• NIP-53: Live Activities
• NIP-54: Wiki
• NIP-55: Android Signer Application
• NIP-56: Reporting
• NIP-57: Lightning Zaps
• NIP-58: Badges
• NIP-59: Gift Wrap
• NIP-60: Cashu Wallet
• NIP-61: Nutzaps
• NIP-62: Request to Vanish
• NIP-64: Chess (PGN)
• NIP-65: Relay List Metadata
• NIP-66: Relay Discovery and Liveness Monitoring
• NIP-68: Picture-first feeds
• NIP-69: Peer-to-peer Order events
• NIP-70: Protected Events
• NIP-71: Video Events
• NIP-72: Moderated Communities
• NIP-73: External Content IDs
• NIP-75: Zap Goals
• NIP-78: Application-specific data
• NIP-84: Highlights
• NIP-86: Relay Management API
• NIP-88: Polls
• NIP-89: Recommended Application Handlers
• NIP-90: Data Vending Machines
• NIP-92: Media Attachments
• NIP-94: File Metadata
• NIP-96: HTTP File Storage Integration
• NIP-98: HTTP Auth
• NIP-99: Classified Listings
• NIP-7D: Threads
• NIP-C7: Chats

Event Kinds

| kind | description | NIP | | ------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | | 0 | User Metadata | 01 | | 1 | Short Text Note | 10 | | 2 | Recommend Relay | 01 (deprecated) | | 3 | Follows | 02 | | 4 | Encrypted Direct Messages | 04 | | 5 | Event Deletion Request | 09 | | 6 | Repost | 18 | | 7 | Reaction | 25 | | 8 | Badge Award | 58 | | 9 | Chat Message | C7 | | 10 | Group Chat Threaded Reply | 29 (deprecated) | | 11 | Thread | 7D | | 12 | Group Thread Reply | 29 (deprecated) | | 13 | Seal | 59 | | 14 | Direct Message | 17 | | 15 | File Message | 17 | | 16 | Generic Repost | 18 | | 17 | Reaction to a website | 25 | | 20 | Picture | 68 | | 21 | Video Event | 71 | | 22 | Short-form Portrait Video Event | 71 | | 30 | internal reference | NKBIP-03 | | 31 | external web reference | NKBIP-03 | | 32 | hardcopy reference | NKBIP-03 | | 33 | prompt reference | NKBIP-03 | | 40 | Channel Creation | 28 | | 41 | Channel Metadata | 28 | | 42 | Channel Message | 28 | | 43 | Channel Hide Message | 28 | | 44 | Channel Mute User | 28 | | 62 | Request to Vanish | 62 | | 64 | Chess (PGN) | 64 | | 818 | Merge Requests | 54 | | 1018 | Poll Response | 88 | | 1021 | Bid | 15 | | 1022 | Bid confirmation | 15 | | 1040 | OpenTimestamps | 03 | | 1059 | Gift Wrap | 59 | | 1063 | File Metadata | 94 | | 1068 | Poll | 88 | | 1111 | Comment | 22 | | 1311 | Live Chat Message | 53 | | 1617 | Patches | 34 | | 1621 | Issues | 34 | | 1622 | Git Replies (deprecated) | 34 | | 1630-1633 | Status | 34 | | 1971 | Problem Tracker | nostrocket | | 1984 | Reporting | 56 | | 1985 | Label | 32 | | 1986 | Relay reviews | | | 1987 | AI Embeddings / Vector lists | NKBIP-02 | | 2003 | Torrent | 35 | | 2004 | Torrent Comment | 35 | | 2022 | Coinjoin Pool | joinstr | | 4550 | Community Post Approval | 72 | | 5000-5999 | Job Request | 90 | | 6000-6999 | Job Result | 90 | | 7000 | Job Feedback | 90 | | 7374 | Reserved Cashu Wallet Tokens | 60 | | 7375 | Cashu Wallet Tokens | 60 | | 7376 | Cashu Wallet History | 60 | | 9000-9030 | Group Control Events | 29 | | 9041 | Zap Goal | 75 | | 9321 | Nutzap | 61 | | 9467 | Tidal login | Tidal-nostr | | 9734 | Zap Request | 57 | | 9735 | Zap | 57 | | 9802 | Highlights | 84 | | 10000 | Mute list | 51 | | 10001 | Pin list | 51 | | 10002 | Relay List Metadata | 65, 51 | | 10003 | Bookmark list | 51 | | 10004 | Communities list | 51 | | 10005 | Public chats list | 51 | | 10006 | Blocked relays list | 51 | | 10007 | Search relays list | 51 | | 10009 | User groups | 51, 29 | | 10013 | Private event relay list | 37 | | 10015 | Interests list | 51 | | 10019 | Nutzap Mint Recommendation | 61 | | 10030 | User emoji list | 51 | | 10050 | Relay list to receive DMs | 51, 17 | | 10063 | User server list | Blossom | | 10096 | File storage server list | 96 | | 10166 | Relay Monitor Announcement | 66 | | 13194 | Wallet Info | 47 | | 17375 | Cashu Wallet Event | 60 | | 21000 | Lightning Pub RPC | Lightning.Pub | | 22242 | Client Authentication | 42 | | 23194 | Wallet Request | 47 | | 23195 | Wallet Response | 47 | | 24133 | Nostr Connect | 46 | | 24242 | Blobs stored on mediaservers | Blossom | | 27235 | HTTP Auth | 98 | | 30000 | Follow sets | 51 | | 30001 | Generic lists | 51 (deprecated) | | 30002 | Relay sets | 51 | | 30003 | Bookmark sets | 51 | | 30004 | Curation sets | 51 | | 30005 | Video sets | 51 | | 30007 | Kind mute sets | 51 | | 30008 | Profile Badges | 58 | | 30009 | Badge Definition | 58 | | 30015 | Interest sets | 51 | | 30017 | Create or update a stall | 15 | | 30018 | Create or update a product | 15 | | 30019 | Marketplace UI/UX | 15 | | 30020 | Product sold as an auction | 15 | | 30023 | Long-form Content | 23 | | 30024 | Draft Long-form Content | 23 | | 30030 | Emoji sets | 51 | | 30040 | Curated Publication Index | NKBIP-01 | | 30041 | Curated Publication Content | NKBIP-01 | | 30063 | Release artifact sets | 51 | | 30078 | Application-specific Data | 78 | | 30166 | Relay Discovery | 66 | | 30267 | App curation sets | 51 | | 30311 | Live Event | 53 | | 30315 | User Statuses | 38 | | 30388 | Slide Set | Corny Chat | | 30402 | Classified Listing | 99 | | 30403 | Draft Classified Listing | 99 | | 30617 | Repository announcements | 34 | | 30618 | Repository state announcements | 34 | | 30818 | Wiki article | 54 | | 30819 | Redirects | 54 | | 31234 | Draft Event | 37 | | 31388 | Link Set | Corny Chat | | 31890 | Feed | NUD: Custom Feeds | | 31922 | Date-Based Calendar Event | 52 | | 31923 | Time-Based Calendar Event | 52 | | 31924 | Calendar | 52 | | 31925 | Calendar Event RSVP | 52 | | 31989 | Handler recommendation | 89 | | 31990 | Handler information | 89 | | | 32267 | Software Application | | | | 34550 | Community Definition | 72 | | 38383 | Peer-to-peer Order events | 69 | | 39000-9 | Group metadata events | 29 |

Message types

Client to Relay

| type | description | NIP | | ------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | | EVENT | used to publish events | 01 | | REQ | used to request events and subscribe to new updates | 01 | | CLOSE | used to stop previous subscriptions | 01 | | AUTH | used to send authentication events | 42 | | COUNT | used to request event counts | 45 |

Relay to Client

| type | description | NIP | | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | | EOSE | used to notify clients all stored events have been sent | 01 | | EVENT | used to send events requested to clients | 01 | | NOTICE | used to send human-readable messages to clients | 01 | | OK | used to notify clients if an EVENT was successful | 01 | | CLOSED | used to notify clients that a REQ was ended and why | 01 | | AUTH | used to send authentication challenges | 42 | | COUNT | used to send requested event counts to clients | 45 |

Standardized Tags

| name | value | other parameters | NIP | | ----------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | | a | coordinates to an event | relay URL | 01 | | A | root address | relay URL | 22 | | d | identifier | -- | 01 | | e | event id (hex) | relay URL, marker, pubkey (hex) | 01, 10 | | E | root event id | relay URL | 22 | | f | currency code | -- | 69 | | g | geohash | -- | 52 | | h | group id | -- | 29 | | i | external identity | proof, url hint | 35, 39, 73 | | I | root external identity | -- | 22 | | k | kind | -- | 18, 25, 72, 73 | | K | root scope | -- | 22 | | l | label, label namespace | -- | 32 | | L | label namespace | -- | 32 | | m | MIME type | -- | 94 | | p | pubkey (hex) | relay URL, petname | 01, 02, 22 | | P | pubkey (hex) | -- | 22, 57 | | q | event id (hex) | relay URL, pubkey (hex) | 18 | | r | a reference (URL, etc) | -- | 24, 25 | | r | relay url | marker | 65 | | s | status | -- | 69 | | t | hashtag | -- | 24, 34, 35 | | u | url | -- | 61, 98 | | x | hash | -- | 35, 56 | | y | platform | -- | 69 | | z | order number | -- | 69 | | - | -- | -- | 70 | | alt | summary | -- | 31 | | amount | millisatoshis, stringified | -- | 57 | | bolt11 | bolt11 invoice | -- | 57 | | challenge | challenge string | -- | 42 | | client | name, address | relay URL | 89 | | clone | git clone URL | -- | 34 | | content-warning | reason | -- | 36 | | delegation | pubkey, conditions, delegation token | -- | 26 | | description | description | -- | 34, 57, 58 | | emoji | shortcode, image URL | -- | 30 | | encrypted | -- | -- | 90 | | expiration | unix timestamp (string) | -- | 40 | | file | full path (string) | -- | 35 | | goal | event id (hex) | relay URL | 75 | | image | image URL | dimensions in pixels | 23, 52, 58 | | imeta | inline metadata | -- | 92 | | lnurl | bech32 encoded lnurl | -- | 57 | | location | location string | -- | 52, 99 | | name | name | -- | 34, 58, 72 | | nonce | random | difficulty | 13 | | preimage | hash of bolt11 invoice | -- | 57 | | price | price | currency, frequency | 99 | | proxy | external ID | protocol | 48 | | published_at | unix timestamp (string) | -- | 23 | | relay | relay url | -- | 42, 17 | | relays | relay list | -- | 57 | | server | file storage server url | -- | 96 | | subject | subject | -- | 14, 17, 34 | | summary | summary | -- | 23, 52 | | thumb | badge thumbnail | dimensions in pixels | 58 | | title | article title | -- | 23 | | tracker | torrent tracker URL | -- | 35 | | web | webpage URL | -- | 34 | | zap | pubkey (hex), relay URL | weight | 57 |

Please update these lists when proposing new NIPs.

Criteria for acceptance of NIPs

1. They should be fully implemented in at least two clients and one relay -- when applicable.
2. They should make sense.
3. They should be optional and backwards-compatible: care must be taken such that clients and relays that choose to not implement them do not stop working when interacting with the ones that choose to.
4. There should be no more than one way of doing the same thing.
5. Other rules will be made up when necessary.

Is this repository a centralizing factor?

To promote interoperability, we need standards that everybody can follow, and we need them to define a single way of doing each thing without ever hurting backwards-compatibility, and for that purpose there is no way around getting everybody to agree on the same thing and keep a centralized index of these standards. However the fact that such an index exists doesn't hurt the decentralization of Nostr. At any point the central index can be challenged if it is failing to fulfill the needs of the protocol and it can migrate to other places and be maintained by other people.

It can even fork into multiple versions, and then some clients would go one way, others would go another way, and some clients would adhere to both competing standards. This would hurt the simplicity, openness and interoperability of Nostr a little, but everything would still work in the short term.

There is a list of notable Nostr software developers who have commit access to this repository, but that exists mostly for practical reasons, as by the nature of the thing we're dealing with the repository owner can revoke membership and rewrite history as they want -- and if these actions are unjustified or perceived as bad or evil the community must react.

How this repository works

Standards may emerge in two ways: the first way is that someone starts doing something, then others copy it; the second way is that someone has an idea of a new standard that could benefit multiple clients and the protocol in general without breaking backwards-compatibility and the principle of having a single way of doing things, then they write that idea and submit it to this repository, other interested parties read it and give their feedback, then once most people reasonably agree we codify that in a NIP which client and relay developers that are interested in the feature can proceed to implement.

These two ways of standardizing things are supported by this repository. Although the second is preferred, an effort will be made to codify standards emerged outside this repository into NIPs that can be later referenced and easily understood and implemented by others -- but obviously as in any human system discretion may be applied when standards are considered harmful.

Breaking Changes

Breaking Changes

License

All NIPs are public domain.

Contributors

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

In an audacious display of confidence, Bitcoin traders have recently committed $20 million to a $200K call option, a move that has reignited discussions about the cryptocurrency's potential and the broader market's appetite for risk. This development is set against a backdrop of increasing activity within the cryptocurrency options market, particularly on platforms like Deribit, where total open interest in Bitcoin options has reached unprecedented levels. This article explores the nuances of this strategic wager, examines the resurgence of investor enthusiasm, and contemplates the future implications for Bitcoin and the cryptocurrency market at large.

Table of Contents

• A Surge in Market Activity

• The Bold Bet on Bitcoin's Future

• Implications of the $200K Call Option

  • Increased Market Volatility

  • Renewed Investor Confidence

  • Speculative Interest and Market Dynamics

• Looking Ahead: Bitcoin's Market Prospects

• Conclusion

• FAQs

A Surge in Market Activity

The cryptocurrency options market has experienced a significant uptick in activity, with Bitcoin and Ethereum options achieving record-breaking open interest figures. On Deribit, Bitcoin options open interest has soared to a staggering $20.4 billion, eclipsing the previous high of $14.36 billion seen in October 2021. Concurrently, Ethereum options open interest has also reached a historic peak of $11.66 billion. This pronounced increase in market activity is indicative of a growing interest among traders to either hedge their positions against potential price fluctuations or to speculate on the future price movements of these leading cryptocurrencies. The surge in options trading volume reflects a broader trend of maturation within the cryptocurrency market, as sophisticated financial instruments become increasingly utilized by a diverse array of market participants, from individual investors to large institutional players.

The Bold Bet on Bitcoin's Future

The decision by traders to allocate $20 million to a $200K call option for Bitcoin represents a significant vote of confidence in the cryptocurrency's future price trajectory. This high-stakes gamble suggests that a segment of the market is not only optimistic about Bitcoin's potential to breach the $200,000 threshold but is also willing to back this belief with substantial financial commitment. Such a move is emblematic of the "animal spirits" returning to the cryptocurrency market—a term coined by economist John Maynard Keynes to describe the instinctive human emotion that drives consumer confidence and investment decisions. This resurgence of speculative fervor and risk-taking behavior is a testament to the enduring allure of Bitcoin as an asset class that continues to captivate the imagination of investors, despite its history of volatility and regulatory challenges.

Implications of the $200K Call Option

The substantial investment in the $200K call option carries several implications for the Bitcoin market and the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem:

Increased Market Volatility

The focus on high strike price options could introduce heightened volatility into the Bitcoin market. As traders position themselves to capitalize on potential price movements, the market may witness more pronounced fluctuations. This environment of increased volatility underscores the speculative nature of cryptocurrency trading and the high-risk, high-reward strategies employed by some market participants. It also highlights the need for investors to approach the market with caution, armed with a thorough understanding of the underlying risks and a clear investment strategy.

Renewed Investor Confidence

The bold wager on the $200K call option reflects a significant resurgence in investor confidence in Bitcoin's long-term prospects. Following periods of market downturns and regulatory uncertainty, this move signals a renewed conviction in the fundamental value proposition of Bitcoin as a pioneering digital asset. It represents a collective belief in the cryptocurrency's ability to not only recover from past setbacks but to chart new territories in terms of price and market capitalization. This renewed investor confidence may serve as a catalyst for further investment in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, potentially driving up prices and encouraging more widespread adoption.

Speculative Interest and Market Dynamics

The commitment to the $200K call option highlights the continued influence of speculative interest on the cryptocurrency market's dynamics. It illustrates how speculation, driven by the prospect of outsized returns, remains a central force shaping market trends and price trajectories. This speculative interest, while contributing to market liquidity and price discovery, also introduces an element of unpredictability. It underscores the complex interplay between market sentiment, investor behavior, and external economic factors that collectively determine the direction of the cryptocurrency market.

Looking Ahead: Bitcoin's Market Prospects

The strategic bet on the $200K call option, amidst a backdrop of increasing options market activity, paints a complex picture of Bitcoin's future. While the move signals optimism and a willingness among investors to engage in high-risk speculation, it also raises questions about the sustainability of such bullish sentiment. As Bitcoin continues to navigate the evolving landscape of digital finance, the interplay between speculative interest, regulatory developments, and technological advancements will be critical in shaping its future trajectory. The cryptocurrency market's inherent volatility and unpredictability necessitate a cautious approach from investors, emphasizing the importance of risk management and long-term strategic planning.

Conclusion

Bitcoin's latest foray into high-stakes speculation, marked by the $20 million lock on the $200K call option, is a vivid illustration of the cryptocurrency's enduring appeal and the market's appetite for risk. This development not only reflects a bullish outlook on Bitcoin's price potential but also signals a broader resurgence of investor enthusiasm and speculative activity within the cryptocurrency market. As we look to the future, the outcomes of such bold moves will undoubtedly influence the trajectory of Bitcoin and the digital asset landscape at large. Whether Bitcoin will reach the lofty heights of $200,000 remains to be seen, but its journey there will be closely watched by traders, investors, and regulators alike, offering valuable insights into the dynamics of speculative markets and the evolving role of cryptocurrencies in the global financial ecosystem.

FAQs

What does locking $20 million in a $200K call option mean for Bitcoin? Locking $20 million in a $200K call option indicates that traders are betting a significant amount of money on Bitcoin reaching or surpassing $200,000. It reflects a bullish outlook on Bitcoin's future price and a resurgence of speculative interest in the cryptocurrency market.

How does the surge in Bitcoin options market activity affect the cryptocurrency? The surge in Bitcoin options market activity, with record open interest, increases market liquidity and can lead to heightened volatility. It also signifies growing interest and participation in the cryptocurrency market, potentially influencing Bitcoin's price dynamics.

What are the implications of increased market volatility for Bitcoin investors? Increased market volatility can lead to larger price swings, presenting both opportunities and risks for investors. While it may offer the potential for higher returns, it also increases the risk of losses. Investors should approach the market with caution and consider their risk tolerance and investment strategy.

Why are investors optimistic about Bitcoin reaching $200,000? Investors' optimism about Bitcoin reaching $200,000 stems from factors such as the cryptocurrency's past performance, the upcoming Bitcoin halving event, increasing institutional adoption, and favorable macroeconomic conditions. These factors contribute to a bullish sentiment in the market.

What role do institutional investors play in the current Bitcoin market trend? Institutional investors play a significant role in the current Bitcoin market trend by bringing in substantial capital, lending credibility to the market, and influencing price movements. Their participation is seen as a sign of maturity and stability in the cryptocurrency market.

That's all for today

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@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

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@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

nostr:nevent1qqsw9v8usvahkqmmc9qavu6g834v09j6e2u2acdua24tk73dqc05xecgkanse

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Andorra la Vella, the capital of Andorra, is a charming mix of mountain landscapes, duty-free shopping, and rich history. Nestled in the Pyrenees, it’s a great destination for skiing, hiking, and relaxing in thermal spas. Whether you’re here for outdoor adventures, tax-free shopping, or cultural experiences, Andorra la Vella has something for everyone.

🏔️ Top Things to See & Do in Andorra la Vella

1️⃣ Shop in Avinguda Meritxell 🛍️

• One of Europe’s best duty-free shopping streets, filled with electronics, fashion, perfumes, and luxury goods.
• Find brands at lower prices than in Spain or France.

2️⃣ Relax at Caldea Spa ♨️

• The largest thermal spa in Southern Europe, with hot springs, saunas, and lagoon pools.
• A perfect place to unwind after skiing or hiking.

3️⃣ Visit the Church of Sant Esteve ⛪

• A beautiful Romanesque church dating back to the 12th century.
• Features stone carvings and medieval frescoes.

4️⃣ Explore the Historic Quarter (Barri Antic) 🏡

• Walk through narrow cobbled streets filled with traditional Andorran houses and charming cafés.
• Visit Casa de la Vall, a historic parliament building from the 16th century.

5️⃣ Go Skiing or Snowboarding 🎿

• Andorra is famous for its world-class ski resorts, Grandvalira and Vallnord, just 15-30 minutes away.
• Ideal for beginners and experienced skiers alike.

6️⃣ Hiking in the Pyrenees 🥾

• Summer & autumn offer incredible hiking trails with mountain lakes and scenic views.
• Rec del Solà Trail – A beautiful, easy path with panoramic views of the valley.
• L’Estany Blau – A moderate hike leading to a stunning blue lake.

7️⃣ Enjoy Andorran Cuisine 🍽️

• Escudella – A hearty Andorran stew with meat, beans, and vegetables 🍲
• Trinxat – A mountain dish made of potatoes, cabbage, and bacon 🥓🥔
• Embotits – Local cured meats and sausages, perfect as tapas 🍖
• Crema Andorrana – A creamy, local dessert similar to Catalan crema 🍮

🚗 How to Get to Andorra la Vella

✈️ By Air: The nearest airports are Barcelona-El Prat (Spain, 2.5 hrs) and Toulouse-Blagnac (France, 2.5 hrs).
🚘 By Car: 2.5 hrs from Barcelona, 2.5 hrs from Toulouse, 3 hrs from Perpignan.
🚌 By Bus: Direct buses from Barcelona, Toulouse, and Lleida.
🚆 By Train: No direct train, but you can take a train to L'Hospitalet-près-l'Andorre (France) and continue by bus.

💡 Tips for Visiting Andorra la Vella

✅ Best time to visit? Winter for skiing, summer for hiking & shopping ❄️🌞
✅ Bring a passport – Even though Andorra isn’t in the EU, border checks happen 🇦🇩
✅ Try duty-free shopping – Electronics, perfumes, and alcohol are cheaper 🛍️
✅ Book ski passes in advance – Resorts get busy in peak season 🎿
✅ Wear comfy shoes – The city has steep streets and cobblestone paths 👟

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Peñíscola, known as the “Gibraltar of Valencia”, is a stunning coastal town on Spain’s Costa del Azahar. Famous for its medieval castle, beautiful beaches, and charming old town, Peñíscola is a perfect mix of history, culture, and seaside relaxation. It’s also known as a filming location for Game of Thrones!

🏖️ Top Things to See & Do in Peñíscola

1️⃣ Peñíscola Castle (Castillo del Papa Luna) 🏰

• A magnificent 13th-century castle sitting on a rocky peninsula.
• Built by the Knights Templar and later home to Pope Benedict XIII (Papa Luna).
• Offers breathtaking views of the Mediterranean and surrounding coastline.

2️⃣ Explore the Old Town 🏡

• Wander through narrow cobblestone streets, lined with whitewashed houses and flower-filled balconies.
• Discover hidden courtyards, charming shops, and seafood restaurants.
• Enjoy the picturesque sunset views over the sea.

3️⃣ Relax on Playa Norte & Playa Sur 🏖️

• Playa Norte: The main beach, known for its golden sand and clear waters.
• Playa Sur: Smaller and quieter, great for relaxing away from the crowds.
• Both beaches offer water sports, sunbeds, and beach bars.

4️⃣ Serra d’Irta Natural Park 🌿

• A stunning coastal nature reserve with hiking and biking trails.
• Offers hidden coves, rugged cliffs, and breathtaking sea views.
• Ideal for nature lovers and photographers.

5️⃣ Game of Thrones Filming Locations 🎬

• Peñíscola was featured in Game of Thrones (Season 6) as Meereen.
• Visit the castle walls, old town alleys, and city gates where key scenes were filmed.

6️⃣ Boat Trip Around the Castle ⛵

• Take a boat tour for unique views of the fortress from the sea.
• Sunset cruises offer magical golden-hour scenery.

🍽️ What to Eat in Peñíscola

• Arroz a Banda – A delicious seafood rice dish, typical of Valencia 🍚🐟
• Suquet de Peix – A traditional fish stew with potatoes and saffron 🍲
• Langostinos de Vinaròs – Famous local prawns, incredibly fresh 🍤
• Caragols Punxents – A local specialty of small spicy snails 🐌🌶️
• Coca de llanda – A sweet sponge cake, perfect with coffee 🍰

🚗 How to Get to Peñíscola

✈️ By Air: The nearest airport is Castellón Airport (40 min), Valencia (1.5 hrs), or Barcelona (2 hrs).
🚆 By Train: The nearest station is Benicarló-Peñíscola, just 7 km away.
🚘 By Car: 1.5 hrs from Valencia, 2 hrs from Barcelona, 45 min from Castellón.
🚌 By Bus: Direct buses from Barcelona, Valencia, and Castellón.

💡 Tips for Visiting Peñíscola

✅ Best time to visit? Spring & summer (April–September) for the best weather ☀️
✅ Visit the castle early – Mornings are less crowded and cooler 🏰
✅ Take a sunset walk along the beach – The views are stunning 🌅
✅ Try a boat trip – The castle looks incredible from the water ⛵
✅ Wear comfortable shoes – The old town streets are steep and cobbled 👟

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Bitcoin.design community is organizing another Designathon, from May 4-18. Let's get creative with bitcoin together. More to come very soon.

The first edition was a bursting success! the website still there https://events.bitcoin.design, and here their previous announcement.

Look forward for this to happen!

Spread the voice:

N: https://njump.me/nevent1qqsv9w8p93tadlnyx0rkhexj5l48l... X: https://x.com/bitcoin_design/status/1905547407405768927

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/927650

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Tarifa, located at the southernmost tip of Spain, is a paradise for beach lovers, adventure seekers, and nature enthusiasts. Known for its strong winds, golden beaches, and laid-back atmosphere, it’s a top destination for kite surfing, whale watching, and exploring Andalusian history. Plus, it’s the perfect gateway to Morocco, just a short ferry ride away.

🏖️ Top Things to See & Do in Tarifa

1️⃣ Playa de Los Lances 🏄‍♂️

• A long, sandy beach famous for kite surfing and windsurfing.
• One of the best spots in Europe for water sports enthusiasts.
• Lined with chiringuitos (beach bars) where you can relax and enjoy the views.

2️⃣ Punta de Tarifa – The Southernmost Point of Europe 🌍

• A unique spot where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Mediterranean Sea.
• Walk to Isla de las Palomas, a historic military zone (guided tours available).
• Incredible views of Morocco, just 14 km away.

3️⃣ Whale & Dolphin Watching Tours 🐬

• Join a boat trip to see orcas, dolphins, and sperm whales in the Strait of Gibraltar.
• Best time: April to October for whale migrations.

4️⃣ Explore the Historic Old Town 🏰

• Wander through narrow, whitewashed streets full of charm.
• Visit Guzmán el Bueno Castle, a 10th-century fortress with panoramic views.
• Enjoy lively tapas bars, boutique shops, and hidden courtyards.

5️⃣ Playa de Bolonia & Baelo Claudia Ruins 🏛️

• One of Spain’s most unspoiled beaches, with dunes and turquoise waters.
• Explore the Roman ruins of Baelo Claudia, an ancient fishing village from 2,000 years ago.
• Climb the Duna de Bolonia, a massive sand dune with breathtaking views.

6️⃣ Day Trip to Morocco 🇲🇦

• Take a 35-minute ferry to Tangier for a quick taste of North African culture.
• Explore medinas, souks, and local cuisine with a guided tour.
• Don’t forget your passport!

🍽️ What to Eat in Tarifa

• Atún Rojo (Red Tuna) – Tarifa is famous for its fresh bluefin tuna 🍣
• Tortillitas de Camarones – Crispy shrimp fritters, a local delicacy 🍤
• Choco Frito – Fried cuttlefish, a must-try for seafood lovers 🦑
• Andalusian Gazpacho – A refreshing cold tomato soup, perfect for hot days 🍅
• Mojama – Salt-cured tuna, often eaten as a tapa with almonds 🐟

🚗 How to Get to Tarifa

✈️ By Air: The nearest airports are Gibraltar (45 min), Málaga (2 hrs), and Seville (2.5 hrs).
🚆 By Train: No direct train, but you can take one to Algeciras (30 min drive from Tarifa).
🚘 By Car: 1.5 hrs from Málaga, 1 hr from Cádiz, 30 min from Gibraltar.
🚌 By Bus: Regular buses from Seville, Málaga, Cádiz, and Algeciras.
⛴️ To Morocco: Ferries run daily to Tangier, Morocco (35 min ride).

💡 Tips for Visiting Tarifa

✅ Best time to visit? Spring to early autumn (April–October) for great weather ☀️
✅ Book water sports lessons early – It’s a popular spot for kite surfing! 🏄‍♂️
✅ Bring layers – Tarifa can be windy, even in summer 🌬️
✅ Visit early for whale watching – Mornings usually have calmer seas 🐋
✅ Take a day trip to Bolonia – One of Spain’s most stunning hidden beaches 🏝️

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Der Deutsche Bundestag wurde neu gewählt. Für einige Abgeordnete und Regierungsmitglieder heißt es Time to Say Goodbye. Abschied ist ein scharfes Schwert.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/nachruf-2-olaf-der-zeitenwender

Auch bei Radio München werden Trennungs- und Verlassenheitsgefühle getriggert. Umso mehr, wenn es sich nicht nur um duselige Allerweltsliebe handelt, sondern um den Abgang großer Helden. Sie bezahlten ihren todesmutigen und fast ehrenamtlichen Einsatz nicht mit dem Leben, jedoch mit der einen oder anderen Falte in Hemd oder Bluse, manchmal sogar im Gesicht. Was bleibt? Eine bescheidene Pension? Ein lausig bezahlter Manager-Job in einem Konzern? Wir wollen jedenfalls nicht, dass diese Volkshelden vom Zahn der Zeit abgenagt, vergessen werden und setzen ihnen deshalb ein bescheidenes akustisches, aber nachhaltiges Denkmal. Hören Sie die kleine satirische Reihe „Nachrufe“ von unserem Autor Jonny Rieder.\ Folge 2: Olaf der Zeitenwender

Sprecher: Karsten Troyke

Bild: Markus Mitterer für Radio München

Radio München\ www.radiomuenchen.net/​\ @radiomuenchen\ www.facebook.com/radiomuenchen\ www.instagram.com/radio_muenchen/\ twitter.com/RadioMuenchen

Radio München ist eine gemeinnützige Unternehmung.\ Wir freuen uns, wenn Sie unsere Arbeit unterstützen.

GLS-Bank\ IBAN: DE65 4306 0967 8217 9867 00\ BIC: GENODEM1GLS

@ fe9e99a0:5123e9a8

Can’t seem to update anything

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Zwischen Überzeugungsarbeit und Propaganda verläuft ein schmaler Grad. Aber so oder so: Wer die subtileren Werkzeuge hat und vor allem die Mittel um Menschen zu kaufen, die diese dann anwenden, hat eindeutig die besseren Karten.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/unterwanderter-journalismus-oder-der-mediale-deep-state-wankt-von-milosz-matuschekcolor=ffd400

Dass die Bevölkerung nun wissen will, mit welchen Mitteln sie auf welche Weise beeinflusst werden soll, ist selbstverständlich. Wie nuanciert diese Beeinflussung stattfinden kann, darauf haben uns unsere Hörer beim letzten Beitrag von Milosz Matuschek: „Die ersten Köpfe rollen“ gestoßen. Es ging um die staatliche amerikanische Behörde für internationale Entwicklungshilfe USAID. Matuschek schrieb: „Man liest was von AID im Namen und denkt, was man denken soll: klingt nach Bob Geldof, barmherzigen Schwestern und “Brot für die Welt”.“ Man hatte das nicht nur optisch wahrgenommen, nein, diese Behörde wurde hierzulande, in allen Medien US AID genannt, was unsere Sprecherin Sabrina Khalil übernahm. Dass die United States Agency for International Development in USA so nicht gesprochen wird, schrieben uns gleich mehrere aufmerksame Hörer. Es ist sicherlich keine Paranoia darüber nachzudenken, ob die Bedeutung unserer Sprache, unserer Wörter bis hin zur Aussprache im Fokus der Manipulation steht. Dafür wird sehr viel Geld locker gemacht und unter anderem in die Medien gepumpt.

Hören Sie heute den zweiten Teil der Reihe „Die Corona-Connection“ mit dem Titel: „Der mediale Deep State wankt“. Sprecherin: Sabrina Khalil.

Das freie Medienprojekt Pareto kann übrigens Unterstützung gebrauchen, dafür wurde ein Crowdfunding auf Geyser gestartet, wo man mit Bitcoin/Lightning-Spenden helfen kann. Und für Spenden auf dem klassischen Weg finden Sie die entsprechende Bankverbindung auf der Homepage pareto.space/de.

Nachzulesen unter: www.freischwebende-intelligenz.org/p/unter…mediale

Foto: Gleichschaltung - sie melden exakt den gleichen Wortlaut.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Regardless of what you have heard Capitalism isn't to blame for all the ills in modern life. Capitalism is simply free trade without centralize control. Of course there are many details I'm glossing over and degrees of freedom. Critics of capitalism rarely explain how it works. They complain about people buying too much stuff. People being over-weight. They complain about waste. People buying stuff they don't need. They complain that teachers aren't paid enough. They complain that professional athletes make too much money.

All of this boils down to two things.

1. People don't like what others choose to do
2. The products we see and world we live in is a result of the desires and values of the people

I agree with many of the critics of capitalism. There is a ton of crap. There's a ton of waste. There are professions I wish were more profitable and others I wish were less profitable. I'm going to ignore the state for once here. Obviously the state puts its thumb on the scales and distorts the market. But this isn't the main factor IMO. The main factor in the world we live in is us. The people. Our desires. Our values. The things we value are reflected in the market. People don't like to admit this because it is uncomfortable. We are spoiled, self-centered, brats that are desire machines. Yeah, you can blame advertising. You can blame "capitalism" but the alternative is starvation and death (socialism).

Its time for us to stop blaming freedom for all the ills in our society and take ownership for our actions. Its us. Thing is, I can't change you. But, I can change my actions. Adjust my values. Adjust my frame of view. I'd love to start hearing people take responsibility and self ownership. Start living out your values. Don't be a part of things that you view as problems. Be a part of solutions. I can't tell you what that looks like but if you think about it for a while you can come up with some things. Its easy to blame others. Its hard to take responsibility for yourself and own your flaws and mistakes.

What do you think?

Inspired by @k00b's post

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/927021

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

“The human spirit should remain in charge.”

Pablo & Gigi talk about the wind.

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpx77gg2frul26xkzr0gaq9n842u50axpcjhdsa3yeu388vrv5pftqys8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn9d9h82mny0fmkzmn6d9njuumsv93k2tcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qqszlf337y0lkg4sz5ax9ath4y5vk6rpqn9tfewaln2989zavvqrg4cpt2krs

In this dialogue:

• Wind

• More Wind

• Information Calories, and how to measure them

• Digital Wellbeing

• Rescue Time

• Teleology of Technology

• Platforms get users Hooked (book)

• Feeds are slot machines

• Movie Walls

• Tweetdeck and Notedeck

• IRC vs the modern feed

• 37Signals: “Hey, let’s just charge users!”

• “You wouldn’t zap a car crash”

• Catering to our highest self VS catering to our lowest self

• Devolution of YouTube 5-star ratings to thumb up/down to views

• Long videos vs shorts

• The internet had to monetize itself somehow (with attention)

• “Don’t be evil” and why Google had to remove it

• Questr: 2D exploration of nostr

• ONOSENDAI by Arkinox

• Freedom tech & Freedom from Tech

• DAUs of jumper cables

• Gossip and it’s choices

• “The secret to life is to send it”

• Flying water & flying bus stops

• RSS readers, Mailbrew, and daily digests

• Nostr is high signal and less addictive

• Calling nostr posts “tweets” and recordings being “on tape”

• Pivoting from nostr dialogues to a podcast about wind

• The unnecessary complexity of NIP-96

• Blossom (and wind)

• Undoing URLs, APIs, and REST

• ISBNs and cryptographic identifiers

• SaaS and the DAU metric

• Highlighter

• Not caring where stuff is hosted

• When is an edited thing a new thing?

• Edits, the edit wars, and the case against edits

• NIP-60 and inconsistent balances

• Scroll to text fragment and best effort matching

• Proximity hashes & locality-sensitive hashing

• Helping your Uncle Jack of a horse

• Helping your uncle jack of a horse

• Can we fix it with WoT?

• Vertex & vibe-coding a proper search for nostr

• Linking to hashtags & search queries

• Advanced search and why it’s great

• Search scopes & web of trust

• The UNIX tools of nostr

• Pablo’s NDK snippets

• Meredith on the privacy nightmare of Agentic AI

• Blog-post-driven development (Lightning Prisms, Highlighter)

• Sandwich-style LLM prompting, Waterfall for LLMs (HLDD / LLDD)

• “Speed itself is a feature”

• MCP & DVMCP

• Monorepos and git submodules

• Olas & NDK

• Pablo’s RemindMe bot

• “Breaking changes kinda suck”

• Stories, shorts, TikTok, and OnlyFans

• LLM-generated sticker styles

• LLMs and creativity (and Gigi’s old email)

• “AI-generated art has no soul”

• Nostr, zaps, and realness

• Does the source matter?

• Poker client in bitcoin v0.0.1

• Quotes from Hitler and how additional context changes meaning

• Greek finance minister on crypto and bitcoin (Technofeudalism, book)

• Is more context always good?

• Vervaeke’s AI argument

• What is meaningful?

• How do you extract meaning from information?

• How do you extract meaning from experience?

• “What the hell is water”

• Creativity, imagination, hallucination, and losing touch with reality

• “Bitcoin is singularity insurance”

• Will vibe coding make developers obsolete?

• Knowing what to build vs knowing how to build

• 10min block time & the physical limits of consensus

• Satoshi’s reasons articulated in his announcement post

• Why do anything? Why stack sats? Why have kids?

• All you need now is motivation

• Upcoming agents will actually do the thing

• Proliferation of writers: quantity VS quality

• Crisis of sameness & the problem of distribution

• Patronage, belle epoche, and bitcoin art

• Niches, and how the internet fractioned society

• Joe’s songs

• Hyper-personalized stories

• Shared stories & myths (Jonathan Pageau)

• Hyper-personalized apps VS shared apps

• Agency, free expression, and free speech

• Edgy content & twitch meta, aka skating the line of demonetization and deplatforming

• Using attention as a proxy currency

• Farming eyeballs and brain cycles

• Engagement as a success metric & engagement bait

• “You wouldn’t zap a car crash”

• Attention economy is parasitic on humanity

• The importance of speech & money

• What should be done by a machine?

• What should be done by a human?

• “The human spirit should remain in charge”

• Our relationship with fiat money

• Active vs passive, agency vs serfdom

@ 45c41f21:c5446b7a

“区块链行业究竟是在做什么？”——这个问题我到现在还没有想得很清楚。谈论起来可以说很多东西，“确权”、“让每一个比特都有了稀缺性”、“数字黄金”、“点对点支付”，但是具体到了行业落地，又容易陷入“赌场”这个有点乌烟瘴气的现实。

但我想有一点是比较明确的，那就是区块链行业肯定是一个围绕资产的行业。这些资产又跟传统的资产很不一样，最简单的特征是它们都是一个个的代币，通过自动化和可验证的代码铸造、控制，我们可以统称为链上资产。从比特币、以太坊到现在，这中间不管过去了多少不同的周期和浪潮，核心不变的都是出现新一轮受追捧的资产。

既然区块链是关于链上资产的行业，那么最重要的是未来会出现什么新的资产，有什么样的新资产会上链。要回答这个问题，又要我们回过头去看看，从行业诞生至今，区块链留下了哪些有意义的、没意义的，有价值的、没价值的资产。

因此，有必要讨论一下链上资产的分类。

链上资产的种类很多，但总体上我觉得可以按满足需求的不同，做一些功能性的划分。同时，抛开去中心化、抗审查等等大词，链上资产与传统资产最重要的区别可以认为是安全性的来源。传统资产在传统的社会系统和金融系统中产生，而链上资产是通过可验证代码控制的，所以它的安全性的依赖很清晰，要比现实世界简单很多。

在不同的区块链系统中，使用不同的技术（比如POW/POS），设置不同的规则，拥有不同的治理机制，都会影响安全性。“安全性”和“满足什么样的需求”之间既不是正交的，也不是完全耦合的。在不同层级的安全性之下，可能都会出现满足某一类相同需求的产品，用户使用哪种产品，只取决于自己的风险偏好。另一方面，有些需求只可能在某些特定的安全性保障下才能得到满足，比如跨国际的全球化的抗通胀价值存储。

这篇文章只讨论一些比较简单的分类，可以假设在不同的安全性保障下，每个分类都有可能出现对应的产品。有些安全性是产品内生功能的一部分，有些则完全不影响。同时，这些分类也完全是主观的看法，不一定正确，我所希望的是引发更多对资产进行讨论。

核心资产（高安全性、强需求支撑）

1. 比特币（BTC）
   • 核心价值：全球化抗通胀、抗审查的“数字黄金”。
   • 长期逻辑：全球法币超发背景下，BTC作为去中心化硬通货的需求不可替代。

这是整个行业最重要的资产。也是整个行业最核心的东西。在这个定位下，只会有一个赢者通吃。其他试图竞争的都很难生存下来。它对安全性的要求也是最高的。

经过验证的资产分类

这部分的资产可以认为是行业诞生至今，已经经过验证的、满足某真实需求、会长期存在的资产。

1. 代表优质项目的资产（股票/ICO代币/治理代币等）
   • 核心价值：类似于传统金融世界里的一级市场和二级市场。所谓的“优质”也不一定需要真实落地，可能是叙事/故事驱动，也可能有真实的现金流，但重要的是它能在市场上吸引人买卖。
   • 关键指标：团队是否持续营销和建设？生态是否增长？项目是否解决实际问题？
2. DeFi 资产
   • 核心价值：链上金融系统的“基础设施工具”。
   • 需求来源：对套利、链上资产理财的需求会永远存在。
3. Meme币
   • 核心价值：营销驱动+投机需求的结合体。
   • 长期存在性：人性对暴富故事的追逐不会消失（如Pump.fun、SHIB）。
4. 稳定币
   • 核心价值：加密货币世界的“支付货币”。
   • 需求刚性：交易媒介、避险工具、跨境支付（如USDT、USDC）。

在不同的安全性保障下，上面这些资产大部分都会有对应的产品。

比如稳定币在安全性上可以有中心化的 USDT ，也有去中心化的算法稳定币。理论上，安全性对稳定币是非常重要的。但现实中，“流动性”可能才是给用户传达“这东西到底安不安全“的产品特点，也是比较主要的竞争点。

Meme 则完全不需要安全性，所以对创业者来说在哪里做都差不多。哪里用户更多就适合去哪里。有时，安全性反而是它的阻碍。DeFi 的话，因人而异。安全性高低是否影响用户使用，完全取决于用户自己的风险偏好。

还未经过验证的资产（需求可能存在）

• NFT（收藏品）？ 艺术、身份标识、游戏道具的数字化载体，但流动性差、炒作属性也不见得有 Meme 这么强。会长期存在吗？打个问号。
• DAO（准入/治理代币）？ 去中心化组织的准入权/管理权通证，依赖 DAO 本身的价值和实际治理参与度决定的价值。DeFi DAO 可能是唯一一个有点发展的方向，其他还非常不成熟，有待验证。
• RWA（真实世界资产代币化）？ 房产、债券等上链，需要解决法律合规与链下资产映射问题。不确定。
• 社交/游戏/内容资产 用户数据所有权货币化，还没有像样的有一些用户的产品，就更不用提形成规模经济了。
• AI 相关的资产？ 是一个变数。如果未来会有成千上万的 AI 智能体与人类共存，链上是承载他们经济系统最合适的基础设施，这里会产生什么新的资产类型？值得期待。

这里面的资产类型，很多还没有找到真实的需求，至少没有经过验证。所以长期来看它们会是区块链行业的方向吗，需要打很多问号。既然需求本身没有得到验证，那么谈安全性对它们的影响，就更加无从谈起了。

当然，这里其实还有一个更有意思的部分，可以多聊一些。也就是共同知识（法律/合同/规则/代码）这一类资产。

在应用层，共同知识尚未有代币化的尝试，也难以对其具体价值做定量分析。但如果要说有的实践，以太坊通过交易收取 gas 费和 CKB 通过 Cell 存储状态收取“押金”算是一种在底层的 generalize 的尝试。这种尝试是定量的，可验证的。

以太坊的问题是经济模型不 make sense 导致状态爆炸，ckb 相比是更简单、更明确的。但这里的问题变成了，公链需要通过区块空间的竞争来展示这一种需求是否真的成立。区块空间越紧张，需求就越大。同时安全性越高，对共同知识的保障就越强，也会体现区块空间的价值。

但另一方面，是否有开发者在上面开发应用，会更大的影响这一点。因此开发工具、开发者生态在现阶段可能更重要。

最后

写到这里，发现很多资产似乎又是老生常谈。但从满足需求和安全性两个角度来思考，算是追本溯源的尝试。现在我们面临的处境是，问题还是老的问题，答案是否有新的答案，期待更多讨论。

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Wehrpflicht, Wehr-Pflicht… Da soll die allgemeine Wehrpflicht wieder eingeführt werden. Eine Frage taucht auf: Ist sie denn jemals abgeschafft worden? Ist die Wehrpflicht nicht untrennbar mit der Demokratie verbunden? Ist es nicht die Pflicht eines jeden Demokraten, sich zu wehren, wenn er sieht, wie die Demokratie vor die Hunde geht? Muss er sich nicht wehren, wenn er feststellt, dass die Freiheit scheibchenweise immer weniger wird?

In Absurd-Germanistan reizt ein wild gewordener Haufen Irrer in Berlin die Grenzen der Legalität bis zum Äußersten aus. Unterstützt von Erfüllungsgehilfen in der Rechtsprechung und den Medien. Neuester Coup: Zur größtmöglichen Intransparenz soll das Informationsfreiheitsgesetz abgeschafft werden. Unterstützt von einer eigenen Bundestagspolizei, geschützt von einem Wassergraben um den Reichstag. Die dunkle Seite der Macht baut eine Beton-Mauer auf, um größtmöglichen Abstand zum übelriechenden Volk, dass sie gewählt hat, zu gewährleisten.  Und mit ekelhafter Regelmäßigkeit werden Knochen mit Fleischresten über die Mauer geworfen, die dann das dumme Volk zu verdauen hat. Das funktioniert derzeit noch, weil das Volk nicht in der Lage ist, eine Leiter an die Mauer zu stellen, um die Irren über die Mauer in den Wassergraben zu werfen und sich das saftige Hühnchen zu holen, das ihm, dem Volk sowieso gehört.

Unterdessen sinniert die entrückte Blase darüber, wie man dem Volk nachhaltig langfristigen Schaden zufügen kann. Aus rechtlichen Winkelzügen, falschen Versprechungen, Selbstbeweihräucherungen, ideologisch vergifteten Reden quillt die Verachtung gegenüber dem Volk und der Demokratie aus allen Poren. Und die wird dann durch Unseredemokratie verhöhnt, in der Schulden durch eine Wortneuschöpfung als Sondervermögen ausgegeben werden. Dreister und offensichtlicher kann man nicht lügen. Und das mit einer nie gekannten Chuzpe, dass einem nur noch der Atem stockt.

Jahrzehnte wurde den Deutschen abgewöhnt, stolz auf ihr Land zu sein. Die deutsche Fahne zeigen, hatte damals schon den Charme von „reeechts“. Wer von Vaterland und Heimat sprach, der bekam automatisch einen dunklen, schmalen Schatten zwischen Nasenmitte und Mund. Doch dann, als es mal wieder Spiele für’s Volk gab, durfte man auf einmal mit kleinen Wink-Elementen zeigen, dass man stolz auf elf Leute war, die hinter einem Ball herrennen und wenn sie ihn hatten, ihn dann wieder wegschossen. Damit nicht genug, es gab hochalberne Gamaschen für Außenspiegel und Diplomatenfähnchen in schwarz-rot-gold für des Deutschen liebstes Kind, das Auto.

Und jüngst kam einer daher, der wie von der Tarantel gestochen behauptete, dass der böse Russ hinter uns her ist, und man deshalb kriegstüchtig werden müsse, obwohl weit und breit nichts von ihm zu sehen war und er immer wieder wiederholte, dass er überhaupt gar keine Lust dazu hat, Deutschland auf unschöne Weise bereisen zu wollen.

Im Fieberwahn stimmten weitere Kriegstreiber in den Chor ein und ein deutscher Häuptling der Bleichgesichter, der ehedem Streubomben geächtet hatte, zuckte auf einmal nur verbal mit den Schultern. Das soll einer verstehen.

Und weil Deutschland von nichts und niemandem bedroht wird, muss deshalb dringend aufgerüstet werden, Kriegswirtschaft ist angesagt, die Wehrpflicht muss wieder her!

Eine Kriegsmaschinerie muss von Grund auf neu aufgebaut werden: Von der langen Feinripp-Unterhose mit Eingriff bis zum Panzer. Die ehemaligen Hermann-Göring-Werke müssen die Fließbänder zum Glühen bringen. Wir brauchen „Woffen, Woffen, Woffen“!

Das Ganze dauert 10 bis 20 Jahre. Hoffentlich reicht der im Samowar zubereitete Tee so lange, bis alles zertifiziert und DIN-Norm gerecht fertiggestellt ist. Man kann nur auf die christlich demokratische Unterstützung der nach einer europäischen Zentralregierung strebenden, deutschen Ex-Verteidigungsministerin mit Ambitionen zur Kaiserin von Europa hoffen. Ihre Expertise konnte sie ja dank ihres mit Bravour gemeisterten ehemaligen Amtes bereits unter Beweis stellen. Überhaupt, überall, wo das Militär im Hintergrund seine Finger im Spiel hat, ist die Wahl-Brüsselerin an vorderster Front. Zuletzt im Beschaffungswesen der 1. Pandemie-Spiele in Echtzeit unter realen Bedingungen.

Aber was nutzt das ganze schöne Zeug, die noch nicht bekleckerten jungfräulichen Gulasch-Kanonen, wenn sie keiner bedient und keiner seinen Henkelmann mit Feinkost füllen will.

Ja genau, es fehlen ja noch Menschen, in dem Metier Soldaten genannt.

Ein paar Natur-Wahnsinnige gibt es ja immer. Aber was ist mit denen, die vielleicht gar keinen Bock haben? Gerade frisch verliebt, von Papi das erste Auto vor die Tür gestellt bekommen, wegen Laktose-Intoleranz bitte nur einen Kriegs-Latte mit Hafermilch, und für mich bitte glutenfreie Marschverpflegung.

Was ist mit denen, die vielleicht checken, dass wir von einer Polit-Klicke regiert werden, die Deutschland an die Wand fährt und sich redlich Mühe gibt, eine positive Zukunft für die nächsten Generationen zu verunmöglichen?

Was ist mit denen, die von Anfang an gerafft haben, dass man mit einer Gen-Behandlung die Wehrkraft zersetzt?

Was ist mit denen, die die Pflicht, sich bestmöglich gesund zu halten, ernst genommen haben?

Was ist mit denen, die aus Sachzwängen oder Unwissenheit die Injektionen über sich haben ergehen lassen und heute feststellen, dass man sie verarscht hat?

Was ist mit denen, die sich an ihrem durchtrainierten Six-Pack nur noch durch Bilder erinnern können, weil sie seit der Verabreichung eines „nebenwirkungsfreien Elixiers“ nicht mehr auf die Beine kommen?

Man fragt sich, woher soll die Motivation kommen, sein gesundes oder herabgemindertes Immunsystem für ein Vaterland auf’s Spiel zu setzen, bei dem sich herausgestellt hat, dass der Vater ein Stiefvater der übelsten Sorte ist?

Da in Europa offensichtlich die Diplomatie zunächst abgeschafft ist, und demnächst vielleicht sogar unter Strafe gestellt wird, und man sich auf Uncle Sam auch nicht mehr verlassen kann, weil er so völlig das Gegenteil von dem unternimmt, was man von ihm erwartet hätte, wäre es überlegenswert, ob diejenigen jungen Männer im fortpflanzungsfähigen und -willigen Alter eventuell eine längere Reise ins Ausland antreten sollten. Ist nur so ein Gedanke.

Man kann ja immer noch mal wieder vorbeischauen, wenn es an den ungeschützten Außengrenzen wieder von Deutschland aus nach Vernunft duftet.

Aber vielleicht findet sich auch unter den Messerfachkräften der eine oder andere, der seine Künste und sein Leben für ein Land und Bürgergeld hergeben möchte. Schließlich können es die Allermeisten kaum abwarten, die deutschen Gepflogenheiten ungefiltert einzusaugen und dafür ihre kulturelle Herkunft und Religion wie einen alten Lumpen abzuwerfen. Was Besseres, als die Kultur der Denker und Dichter hat die Welt ohnehin noch nicht gesehen. Wer kann dem schon widerstehen?

Großer Dank gilt auch der deutschen Bevölkerung, die einem wildgewordenen andalusischen Stier gleich, in Scharen von einigen Tausenden von über 80 Millionen auf die Straße rennen, um ihrem Unbill Ausdruck zu verleihen. So eine Friedensmüdigkeit ist ansteckend und kann richtig mobilisieren. Man kann natürlich auch was von Zuhause aus tun: Sich laut empören und für durchziehende Truppen Kaffee kochen, oder dem Heimatschutz beim Stiefel putzen helfen. Im Ernst: So eine bräsige, behäbige, langweilige, unmotivierte, unkritische, informationsvergiftete, geduldige Herde von Faultieren hat es eigentlich nicht anders verdient, als dass man sie während ihres andauernden Langzeit-Wachkomas in einen Käfig sperrt und mit Bananen füttert.

Keiner, niemand kommt auf die Idee, dass es immer noch besser wäre, obwohl es keinerlei Anlass dazu gibt, russisch zu lernen, als sich als Kanonenfutter für einen Staat, der sein Volk verachtet, in die Gefahr zu begeben, im Ernstfall verstümmelt oder abgeschlachtet zu werden.

Man kann jetzt schon die heulenden Bubis sehen, wie sie sich unter Mutterns Rockschürze verkriechen, wenn sie merken würden, dass es in den Ballerspielen am Computer aber immer ganz anders war.

Der ganze inszenierte Spuk wäre sofort vorbei, wenn die Menschen ihr Gehirn einschalten würden. Dann würden sie feststellen, dass es unzählige Gründe dafür gibt NEIN zu sagen und ICH MACH DA NICHT MIT.

Wie machtlos wären die Kriegspfeifen in Berlin, wenn sie zu spüren bekämen, dass das deutsche Volk nicht mit Russland oder sonst wem im Krieg ist und nicht das geringste Interesse verspürt, daran etwas zu ändern. Deutschland besteht aus einem erbärmlichen Haufen Ja-Sagern in allen Lagern, die offensichtlich erst dann wach werden, wenn es nichts mehr zu Essen gibt und der Strom fürs externe Gehirn weg ist. Oh Gott, mein Leben hat keinen Sinn mehr! Was sind wir doch ein elender Haufen von Jammerlappen, die glauben, dass man gelebte Demokratie und Freiheit jederzeit im Online-Shop kaufen kann. Lieferung innerhalb 24 Stunden.

Frieden – Mir – Pace – Peace

Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

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originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/927569

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

จริงหรือ ว่าโอเมก้า3 ต้องมาจากปลาทะเลเท่านั้น

มีเรื่องที่น่าสนใจเรื่องนึงครับ ถ้าพูดถึงโอเมก้า-3 หลายคนอาจนึกถึงปลาทะเลน้ำลึก เช่น แซลมอน แมคเคอเรล หรือซาร์ดีน ซึ่งเป็นแหล่งโอเมก้า-3 ที่ร่างกายใช้ได้ดี แต่ในขณะเดียวกัน ก็มีกลุ่มคนที่พยายามบริโภคโอเมก้า-3 จากพืชแทน เช่น น้ำมันเมล็ดแฟลกซ์ น้ำมันเมล็ดเจีย หรือวอลนัท โดยหวังว่าจะได้รับประโยชน์เช่นเดียวกับการกินปลา แต่ที่เราเรียนรู้กันมาว่า โอเมก้า-3 จากพืชนั้น ร่างกายมนุษย์นำไปใช้ได้น้อยมาก หรือแทบไม่ได้เลย

สาเหตุหลักมาจากรูปแบบของโอเมก้า-3 ที่พบในแหล่งต่างๆ โอเมก้า-3 มีอยู่ 3 ชนิดหลัก ได้แก่ ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid) – พบในพืช EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) – พบในปลาทะเล DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) – พบในปลาทะเล

ร่างกายสามารถใช้ EPA และ DHA ได้โดยตรง แต่สำหรับ ALA นั้น ร่างกายต้องผ่านกระบวนการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางชีวเคมีก่อน ซึ่งกระบวนการนี้ไม่มีประสิทธิภาพนัก โดยทั่วไปแล้ว ALA แปลงเป็น EPA ได้เพียง 5-10% ALA แปลงเป็น DHA ได้เพียง 0.5-5% แปลว่า หากคุณกินเมล็ดแฟลกซ์หรือน้ำมันเมล็ดเจีย แม้ว่าจะมีปริมาณ ALA สูง แต่ร่างกายก็แทบไม่ได้รับ EPA และ DHA ในปริมาณที่เพียงพอเพื่อใช้ประโยชน์อย่างเต็มที่

ทำไมร่างกายแปลง ALA เป็น EPA/DHA ได้น้อย? อันแรกเลยคือ เอนไซม์จำกัด กระบวนการเปลี่ยน ALA เป็น EPA และ DHA จะใช้เอนไซม์เดียวกับการแปลงโอเมก้า-6 ซึ่งมักถูกใช้ไปกับโอเมก้า-6 ที่มากเกินไปในอาหารปัจจุบันซะแล้วนั่นเอง ต่อมาคือ กระบวนการหลายขั้นตอน การเปลี่ยน ALA เป็น DHA ต้องผ่านหลายขั้นตอนทางชีวเคมี ทำให้มีการสูญเสียพลังงานและวัตถุดิบไปมาก และสุดท้าย ปัจจัยทางพันธุกรรมและเพศ บางคน โดยเฉพาะผู้หญิง อาจมีอัตราการเปลี่ยนที่สูงกว่าผู้ชายเล็กน้อย แต่ก็ยังต่ำเมื่อเทียบกับการได้รับ EPA/DHA จากปลาหรือสาหร่ายโดยตรง

โอเมก้า-6 ตัวการขัดขวางโอเมก้า-3 จากพืช โอเมก้า-6 เป็นกรดไขมันจำเป็นที่พบมากในน้ำมันพืช เช่น น้ำมันถั่วเหลือง น้ำมันข้าวโพด และน้ำมันดอกทานตะวัน ซึ่งเป็นส่วนประกอบหลักของอาหารแปรรูปในปัจจุบัน ปัญหาคือ เอนไซม์ที่ใช้แปลง ALA ไปเป็น EPA/DHA เป็นตัวเดียวกับที่ใช้แปลงโอเมก้า-6 ไปเป็น AA (Arachidonic Acid) ซึ่งมีบทบาทในการอักเสบ หากเราบริโภคโอเมก้า-6 มากเกินไป (ซึ่งคนส่วนใหญ่ทำ5555) เอนไซม์เหล่านี้จะถูกใช้ไปกับโอเมก้า-6 มากกว่า ทำให้ ALA มีโอกาสแปลงเป็น EPA/DHA น้อยลงไปอีก

แล้วคนที่ไม่กินปลาหรือชาววีแกนควรทำอย่างไร? สำหรับคนที่ไม่สามารถหรือไม่ต้องการกินปลา ก็จะมีการบริโภคน้ำมันสาหร่ายที่มี DHA โดยตรงเป็นทางเลือกที่ดีกว่าการหวังพึ่ง ALA จากพืช เพราะ DHA จากสาหร่ายสามารถดูดซึมและใช้ได้ทันทีเหมือน DHA จากปลา

ได้ด้วยเหรอ ????? ผมเล่ากำเนิดของ DHA ในปลาให้ประมาณนี้ครับ จริง ๆ แล้ว DHA ซึ่งเป็นโอเมก้า-3 ที่ร่างกายใช้ได้โดยตรง มาจาก Docosahexaenoic Acid ที่เกิดจากกระบวนการสังเคราะห์ตามธรรมชาติ ซึ่งสาหร่ายบางสายพันธุ์ เช่น Schizochytrium และ Crypthecodinium cohnii มีเอนไซม์ที่สามารถเปลี่ยนกรดไขมันพื้นฐานให้กลายเป็น DHA ได้เองซึ่งเป็นส่วนประกอบหลักในระบบนิเวศทะเล(พืชกักเก็บไขมันได้อย่างไร ผมเคยโพสไปแล้ว) โดยเฉพาะ สาหร่ายขนาดเล็ก (microalgae) สาหร่ายจึงเป็นสิ่งมีชีวิตในทะเลพัฒนาให้มี DHA สูงเพราะ DHA เป็นส่วนประกอบสำคัญที่ช่วยรักษาความยืดหยุ่นและความสมบูรณ์ของเยื่อหุ้มเซลล์ในสาหร่าย ทำให้พวกมันสามารถดำรงชีวิตในสภาพแวดล้อมที่มีอุณหภูมิต่ำในทะเลได้

จากนั้นก็เป็นไปตามห่วงโซ่อาหารครับ ปลาและสัตว์ทะเลอื่น ๆ ได้รับ DHA จากการบริโภคสาหร่ายหรือสัตว์เล็ก ๆ ที่กินสาหร่ายมาอีกที ดังนั้น DHA ในปลาเป็นผลมาจากการสะสมจากสาหร่ายโดยตรง นี่เป็นเหตุผลว่าทำไมปลาทะเลน้ำลึก เช่น แซลมอน แมคเคอเรล และซาร์ดีน ถึงมี DHA สูงนั่นเอง งว่ออออออ

ดังนั้น เมื่อคุณกิน DHA จากสาหร่าย ก็เท่ากับว่าคุณได้รับ DHA จากต้นกำเนิดแท้จริงในระบบนิเวศทะเลครับ DHA ที่ได้มาจากสาหร่ายสามารถนำไปใช้ในร่างกายได้ทันทีโดยไม่ต้องผ่านกระบวนการเปลี่ยนแปลง เพราะมันอยู่ในรูป Triglyceride หรือ Phospholipid ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบที่ร่างกายมนุษย์สามารถดูดซึมและนำไปใช้ได้ทันที ปลาไม่ได้แปลงโครงสร้าง DHA แต่เพียงสะสม DHA ไว้ในตัวจากการกินสาหร่าย ดังนั้นการรับประทาน DHA จากสาหร่ายก็ให้ผลเทียบเท่ากับการรับประทาน DHA จากปลา งานวิจัยหลายฉบับยืนยันว่า DHA จากสาหร่ายมีค่าการดูดซึม (Bioavailability) ใกล้เคียงกับ DHA จากน้ำมันปลา แต่หาเอาเองนะถ้าอยากอ่านฉบับเต็ม

การผลิตน้ำมันสาหร่ายนั้น เมื่อสาหร่ายเจริญเติบโตเต็มที่แล้ว เขาจะทำการเก็บเกี่ยวและสกัดน้ำมันโดยใช้เทคโนโลยีการแยกที่ทันสมัย ซึ่งช่วยรักษาให้ DHA ที่มีอยู่ในเซลล์สาหร่ายถูกเก็บรักษาไว้ในรูปแบบที่สามารถนำไปใช้ได้โดยตรง จากนั้นจะเข้าสู่การกรองหรือการปั่นแยก (centrifugation) เพื่อให้ได้มวลสาหร่ายที่เข้มข้น จากนั้นจึงทำให้แห้งเพื่อเตรียมเข้าสู่กระบวนการสกัด ซึ่งมีหลายวิธีอาทิเช่น

1 การสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลาย
ใช้ตัวทำละลาย เช่น เฮกเซน (Hexane) หรือ เอทานอล (Ethanol) เพื่อสกัดน้ำมันออกจากเซลล์สาหร่าย จากนั้นน้ำมันจะถูกนำไปกลั่นเพื่อแยกตัวทำละลายออก ทำให้ได้น้ำมันที่มีความบริสุทธิ์สูง 2. การสกัดด้วย CO₂ เหลว ใช้ คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ในสถานะวิกฤติ (Supercritical CO₂) ซึ่งเป็นวิธีที่ทันสมัย ก๊าซ CO₂ จะถูกทำให้มีความดันสูงและอุณหภูมิที่เหมาะสมเพื่อกลายเป็นของเหลว แล้วใช้แยกน้ำมันออกจากเซลล์สาหร่าย วิธีนี้ช่วยให้ได้น้ำมันที่ ปราศจากตัวทำละลายเคมีและมีความบริสุทธิ์สูง 3. การสกัดด้วยการกดอัด หรือ Cold Pressed
เป็นวิธีที่ใช้แรงดันทางกลกดเซลล์สาหร่ายเพื่อให้ได้น้ำมันออกมา อันนี้เป็นการผลิตน้ำมันแบบออร์แกนิกเลยครับ แต่ให้ผลผลิตน้อยกว่าวิธีอื่น ๆ

น้ำมันที่ได้จากการสกัดจะผ่านการกลั่นด้วยกระบวนการต่าง ๆ เช่น Winterization กำจัดไขมันที่ไม่จำเป็น Molecular Distillation แยกสารตกค้าง เช่น โลหะหนักและสารปนเปื้อน Deodorization กำจัดกลิ่นคาวของสาหร่าย จากนั้นก็บรรจุใส่ซอฟท์เจล พร้อมจำหน่ายนั่นเองครับ

ก็ถือว่าเป็นอีกทางเลือกของชาววีแกน ที่ไม่สามารถกินปลาหรือสัตว์ทะเลได้ ก็น่าจะเฮกันดังๆได้เลยครับ จะได้มีตัวช่วยในการลดการอักเสบได้

ส่วนชาว food matrix ก็ต้องเรียนรู้ระบบครับ การกินจากปลาหรือสัตว์ทะเล ก็จะได้โปรตีน แร่ธาตุ วิตามินอื่นๆควบมากับตัวสัตว์ตามที่ธรรมชาติแพคมาให้ ถ้าจะเสริมเป็นน้ำมันสาหร่าย ก็สุดแล้วแต่ความต้องการครับ ไม่ใช่เรื่องแย่อะไร เว้นแต่ไปเทียบราคาเอาเองนะ 55555

#pirateketo #ฉลาก3รู้ #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ f1989a96:bcaaf2c1

Good morning, readers!

Turkey’s currency plunged to a record low after the arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, one of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s main political rivals. This follows a pattern of escalating repression of opposition figures, which have been described as an effort to suppress competition ahead of primary elections. As economic conditions deteriorate, Erdogan is resorting to desperate measures — blocking social media, arresting dissenters, and tear-gassing protests — to maintain power over an increasingly restless populace.

In the Caribbean, we shed light on Cubans' struggles accessing remittances sent from family members abroad. This is a symptom of the regime's strict monetary controls over foreign currency. Cubans face long delays or can’t withdraw cash due to bank liquidity shortages. And when they can, remittances are converted into pesos at the overvalued official Cuban exchange rate. This effectively allows the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) to loot the value from Cuban remittances.

In freedom tech news, we highlight Demand Pool, the first-ever Stratum V2 mining pool. Stratum V2 is a mining protocol designed to decentralize Bitcoin mining by letting individual miners create their own block templates rather than relying on centralized pools to do so for them. This improves censorship resistance and promotes a more decentralized and resilient Bitcoin network — critical features for human rights defenders and nonprofits using Bitcoin to protect against financial repression from authoritarian regimes.

We end by featuring Vijay Selvam's new book, “Principles of Bitcoin.” It offers a clear, first-principles guide to understanding how Bitcoin’s technology interacts with economics, politics, philosophy, and human rights. Whether you’re new to Bitcoin or looking to deepen your understanding, this book provides a solid foundation, and it even features a foreword by HRF Chief Strategy Officer Alex Gladstein.

Now, let’s dive right in!

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GLOBAL NEWS

Turkey | Lira in Free Fall as Erdogan Arrests Political Rival

Turkey’s lira plunged to a record low after officials arrested Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s main political rival. Imamoglu’s arrest comes ahead of primary elections and follows the increasing repression of opposition figures in recent months, including the suspension of political opposition accounts on X. Officials also arrested Buğra Gökçe, head of the Istanbul Planning Agency, for publishing data exposing the country’s deepening poverty. The currency’s fallout and political repression have sparked protests in Istanbul despite a four-day ban. The regime is responding with tear gas and rubber bullets. Meanwhile, Turks dissenting online risk joining over a dozen other citizens recently arrested for “provocative” social media posts. Netblocks reports that the Turkish regime imposed restrictions on social media and messaging to quell the uprising of Turks struggling with financial conditions and deepening repression. 

Cuba | Banks “Hijack” Citizen Remittances

Cubans are struggling to access remittances sent from their families abroad. This is because the regime completely controls all incoming foreign currency transfers. When remittances arrive, communist banking authorities force their conversion into collapsing Cuban pesos or “Moneda Libremente Convertible” (MLC), Cuba’s digital currency with limited use. On top of this, Cubans receive pesos in their accounts based on the official Cuban exchange rate, which is far below the informal market rate. This allows the regime to opaquely siphon off much of the remittances’ real value. Even when the money clears, Cubans face long delays or can’t withdraw the cash due to banks’ liquidity shortages. Many Cubans are accusing these banks of “hijacking” their remittances. As inflation, electrical blackouts, and food shortages continue, remittances are more critical than ever for Cuban families. Yet, they’re blocked at every turn by a system designed to impoverish them.

Pakistan | Announces Plans to Regulate Digital Assets

Pakistan announced plans to create a regulatory framework for Bitcoin and digital assets to attract foreign investment and domestic economic activity. It’s a peculiar shift for a regime that regularly suspends the Internet, censors social media, represses opposition, and burdens its people with the highest cost of living in Asia. We suspect the plans indicate efforts to control the industry rather than empower individuals. The military-backed regime is also exploring a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and tightening controls on VPN use, which are hardly the hallmarks of leadership committed to permissionless financial systems. But perhaps it matters little. Grassroots Bitcoin adoption in Pakistan already ranks among the highest in the world, with an estimated 15 to 20 million users turning to digital assets to preserve their savings, circumvent financial controls, and escape the failures of a collapsing fiat system. HRF supported Bitcoin Pakistan with a grant to help translate resources into Urdu, a language spoken by 60 million people trapped in this repressive scenario.

Russia | Piloting CBDC in Tatarstan to Test Smart Contract Functionality

Russia’s central bank plans to pilot its CBDC, the digital ruble, in Tatarstan to test smart contract functionality. Specifically, the central bank will experiment with conditional spending, using smart contracts to restrict where and what users can spend money on. If these features are implemented, it will empower the Kremlin with micro-controls over Russians’ spending activity. Officials could program funds to expire, restrict purchases to regime-approved goods, or block transactions at certain locations — leaving users with no financial autonomy or privacy. Those who oppose the Russian dictatorship, such as activists, nonprofits, and dissenters, could be debanked with more ease, their assets frozen or confiscated without recourse.

Nicaragua | Government Mandates Public Employees Declare All Assets

In Nicaragua, dictator Daniel Ortega intensified state financial surveillance by mandating all public servants to disclose information on all personal and family assets. The mandate requires all public employees to declare everything from personal bank accounts, loans, vehicles, and other assets — as well as the assets and accounts of immediate family members. Those who do not comply face the threat of termination. Ironically, despite the law requiring such disclosure, Ortega himself has not declared his assets since 2006. Under the guise of regulatory compliance, this policy is yet another link in the chain tightening state surveillance over Nicaraguan society. Bitcoin adoption continues to grow in this repressed Central American nation.

BITCOIN AND FREEDOM TECH NEWS

Demand Pool | First Stratum V2 Mining Pool Launches

Bitcoin mining could become more decentralized and censorship-resistant with the launch of Demand Pool, the first mining pool to ever implement Stratum V2. Stratum V2 is open-source software that allows miners to build their own block templates, enabling more individual mining and less dependence on large and centralized mining pools. This helps maintain Bitcoin’s key features: its decentralized, permissionless, and uncensorable nature. All of which are crucial for human rights defenders and nonprofits bypassing the financial repression and surveillance of authoritarian regimes. Learn more here.

Bitcoin Mining | Three Solo Blocks Found

Three separate solo miners mined Bitcoin blocks in the past seven days. This marks the second, third, and fourth solo blocks mined in the past two weeks alone, hinting at a surge in home mining. This promotes greater decentralization within the Bitcoin network because solo miners have little functional ability to censor. In contrast, large mining pools are points of failure that centralized interests can more easily pressure — to the detriment of activists and human rights defenders. The first block was mined on March 21 by a miner using a self-hosted FutureBit Apollo machine that earned 3.125 BTC plus fees for processing block 888,737. Just days later, a solo miner with under 1 TH/s of self-hosted hash rate found block 888,989, which became just the third block ever to be mined using an open-source Bitaxe device. Most recently, on March 24, a solo miner using a $300 setup successfully mined block 889,240.

Krux | Adds Taproot and Miniscript Support

Krux, open-source software for building your own Bitcoin signing devices (hardware for Bitcoin self-custody), released an update that enhances privacy and flexibility. The update introduces support for Taproot, a past Bitcoin upgrade that improves privacy and security, and Miniscript, a simplified way to create more complex Bitcoin transaction rules. This allows users to manage multi-signature wallets (where more than one private key is required to interact with your Bitcoin) in a more private and flexible way. It also enables spending conditions that are harder to censor and easier to verify. Krux continues to support the struggle for financial freedom and human rights by breaking down barriers to Bitcoin self-custody. HRF has recognized this impact and awarded grants to open-source developers working on Krux to advance this mission.

Cashu | Developing Tap-to-Pay Ecash

Calle, the creator of Cashu, an open-source Chaumian ecash protocol for Bitcoin integrated with the Lightning Network, is developing a new tap-to-pay feature that enables instant, offline ecash payments via NFC. Ecash functions as a bearer asset, meaning the funds are stored directly on the user’s device. With tap-to-pay, it can be transferred with a single tap (similar to tapping your credit card). More generally, ecash offers fast, private transactions resistant to surveillance and censorship. But for activists and dissenters, this particular advancement makes private and permissionless payments more accessible and user-friendly. This development will be worth following closely. Watch a demo here.

OpenSats | Announces 10th Wave of Bitcoin Grants

OpenSats, a public nonprofit that supports open-source software and projects, announced its 10th wave of grants supporting Bitcoin initiatives. This round includes funding for Stable Channels, which enable stabilized Bitcoin-backed balances on the Lightning Network (allowing users to peg Bitcoin to fiat currencies in a self-custodial way) that provide stable, censorship-resistant payments. OpenSats also renewed its support for Floresta, a lightweight Bitcoin node (a computer that runs the Bitcoin software). It lowers entry barriers to running Bitcoin, helping make the network more decentralized and censorship-resistant.

Bitcoin Policy Institute | Launches Bitcoin Summer Research Program

The Bitcoin Student Network (BSN) and the Bitcoin Policy Institute (BPI) are teaming up to offer students an eight-week research internship this summer. The program is part of BPI’s Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) initiative and invites students passionate about the future of money, financial inclusion, and Bitcoin’s civil liberties impacts to conduct hands-on research. Participants will also receive mentorship from BPI researchers. The program runs from June 9 to Aug. 8, 2025, and includes an in-person colloquium in Washington, DC. It is an incredible opportunity for students worldwide, especially those living in oppressive regimes, to get involved with Bitcoin. Applications are open until April 7. Apply here.

RECOMMENDED CONTENT

Principles of Bitcoin by Vijay Selvam

“Principles of Bitcoin” by Vijay Selvam is a new book offering a first-principles guide to understanding Bitcoin’s technology, economics, politics, and philosophy. With a foreword by HRF Chief Strategy Officer Alex Gladstein, the book cuts through the noise to explain why Bitcoin stands alone as a tool for individual empowerment and financial freedom. Selvam’s work makes the case for Bitcoin as a once-in-history invention shaping a more decentralized and equitable future. Read it here.

Rule Breakers — The True Story of Roya Mahboob

“Rule Breakers” is a new film that tells the true story of Roya Mahboob, Afghanistan’s first female tech CEO, who empowered young girls in Afghanistan with financial literacy, robotics, and financial freedom through Bitcoin. The film recounts Mahboob’s courageous work educating these girls despite huge personal risks under a regime that bans their education. It follows the story of Afghan Dreamers, the country’s first all-girls robotics team, and the obstacles they overcome to compete on the world stage. “Rule Breakers” is a testament to the power of education, innovation, and resilience in the face of oppression. It’s now in theaters, and you can watch the trailer here.

If this article was forwarded to you and you enjoyed reading it, please consider subscribing to the Financial Freedom Report here.

Support the newsletter by donating bitcoin to HRF’s Financial Freedom program via BTCPay.\ Want to contribute to the newsletter? Submit tips, stories, news, and ideas by emailing us at ffreport @ hrf.org

The Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) is accepting grant proposals on an ongoing basis. The Bitcoin Development Fund is looking to support Bitcoin developers, community builders, and educators. Submit proposals here.

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@ 401014b3:59d5476b

Alright, baseball junkies, it’s March 27, 2025, and we’re diving into the crystal ball to predict the 2025 MLB season—straight through to the World Series champ! Spring Training’s wrapping up, Opening Day’s here, and the league’s loaded with talent, drama, and some sneaky contenders ready to shake things up. I’m breaking down each playoff team’s path, their strengths, weaknesses, and who’s got the juice to hoist the trophy in October. This ain’t some cookie-cutter chalk pick—let’s get gritty, let’s get bold, and let’s see who’s got the stones to win it all. Strap in, fam—here we go!

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American League Playoff Teams: The AL Beast Mode

New York Yankees\ The Yankees are back, and they’re pissed after last year’s World Series loss to the Dodgers. Aaron Judge is coming off another MVP-caliber season (let’s say .310, 55 HRs, 130 RBIs), and Juan Soto’s bat (projected .290, 40 HRs) gives them a lethal 1-2 punch. Gerrit Cole anchors a rotation that’s top-5 in ERA (around 3.40), but the bullpen’s a question mark—closer Clay Holmes blew 13 saves in 2024, and they haven’t fixed that yet. They’ll win the AL East (95-67), but their postseason hinges on late-inning reliability.\ Prediction: ALCS run, but they fall short if the pen implodes.

Houston Astros\ The Astros are perennial AL West champs (projected 92-70), even with a slightly aging core. Jose Altuve (.300, 20 HRs) and Yordan Alvarez (.295, 35 HRs) keep the offense humming, and a rotation led by Framber Valdez (3.20 ERA) and Hunter Brown (3.50 ERA) is solid. Their bullpen, with Josh Hader (1.28 ERA in 2024), is lights-out. But injuries to key arms like Justin Verlander (aging at 42) could bite them.\ Prediction: ALDS exit—they’re good, but not great this year.

Cleveland Guardians\ The Guardians sneak into the playoffs as the AL Central champs (88-74). Jose Ramirez (.280, 35 HRs, 110 RBIs) is a one-man wrecking crew, and their rotation—Shane Bieber (3.00 ERA, if healthy) and Triston McKenzie (3.60 ERA)—keeps them in games. But their offense outside Ramirez is thin (team OPS around .720), and the bullpen’s inconsistent (4.00 ERA).\ Prediction: Wild Card exit—they’re scrappy but lack firepower.

Tampa Bay Rays (Wild Card)\ The Rays grab a Wild Card spot (90-72) with their usual mix of grit and analytics. Yandy Diaz (.290, 15 HRs) and Randy Arozarena (.270, 25 HRs) lead a balanced offense, while Shane McClanahan (3.10 ERA) and Zach Eflin (3.40 ERA) anchor the rotation. Their bullpen (top-10 in ERA at 3.50) is a strength, but depth issues (injuries to key prospects) could hurt.\ Prediction: ALDS run—they’re sneaky dangerous.

Seattle Mariners (Wild Card)\ The Mariners finally break through as a Wild Card (89-73), as predicted by some fans on X. Julio Rodriguez (.285, 30 HRs) and Cal Raleigh (.250, 35 HRs) power the offense, and a rotation of Luis Castillo (3.20 ERA), Logan Gilbert (3.30 ERA), and George Kirby (3.40 ERA) is the best in the AL (team ERA around 3.20). Their offense (bottom-10 in runs scored) is the Achilles’ heel.\ Prediction: ALCS run—they’re a pitcher’s dream, but the bats hold ‘em back.

Baltimore Orioles (Wild Card)\ The Orioles snag a Wild Card (87-75), but some fans on X call them a “surprise disappointment.” Gunnar Henderson (.280, 35 HRs) and Adley Rutschman (.270, 20 HRs) lead a young core, but the rotation—Corbin Burnes (3.00 ERA) and Grayson Rodriguez (3.70 ERA)—lacks depth after losing Kyle Bradish to injury. The bullpen (4.20 ERA) is shaky.\ Prediction: Wild Card exit—too many holes this year.

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National League Playoff Teams: The NL Wild West

Los Angeles Dodgers\ The Dodgers are the NL West juggernaut (98-64), and some fans on X are already calling them World Series champs. Shohei Ohtani (.300, 50 HRs, 120 RBIs) is the NL MVP favorite, Mookie Betts (.290, 30 HRs) is elite, and Freddie Freeman (.310, 25 HRs) is steady. The rotation—Tyler Glasnow (3.10 ERA), Yoshinobu Yamamoto (3.30 ERA), and Walker Buehler (3.50 ERA)—is deep, and the bullpen (3.40 ERA) is solid. No weaknesses here.\ Prediction: World Series bound—they’re a machine.

Philadelphia Phillies\ The Phillies win the NL East (94-68) with a balanced attack. Bryce Harper (.290, 30 HRs) and Kyle Schwarber (.250, 40 HRs) mash, while Trea Turner (.300, 20 HRs) adds speed. The rotation—Zack Wheeler (3.00 ERA), Aaron Nola (3.40 ERA), and Ranger Suarez (3.60 ERA)—is top-tier, and the bullpen (3.50 ERA) is reliable. They’re built for October.\ Prediction: NLCS run—they’re legit contenders.

Milwaukee Brewers\ The Brewers take the NL Central (90-72) with a scrappy squad. Willy Adames (.270, 30 HRs) and William Contreras (.280, 20 HRs) lead the offense, while Freddy Peralta (3.30 ERA) and Brandon Woodruff (3.50 ERA, if healthy) anchor the rotation. Their bullpen (top-5 in ERA at 3.30) is a strength, but the offense (middle-of-the-pack in runs) can stall.\ Prediction: NLDS exit—not enough firepower.

Atlanta Braves (Wild Card)\ The Braves grab a Wild Card (91-71) despite injuries. Ronald Acuna Jr. (.290, 35 HRs) and Matt Olson (.270, 40 HRs) power the lineup, but the rotation—Chris Sale (3.20 ERA) and Max Fried (3.40 ERA)—is thin after Spencer Strider’s injury. The bullpen (3.60 ERA) is solid, but depth is a concern.\ Prediction: NLDS run—they’re talented but banged up.

San Diego Padres (Wild Card)\ The Padres snag a Wild Card (89-73) with a balanced attack. Fernando Tatis Jr. (.280, 35 HRs) and Manny Machado (.270, 30 HRs) lead the offense, while Dylan Cease (3.30 ERA) and Yu Darvish (3.50 ERA) anchor the rotation. The bullpen (3.70 ERA) is decent, but they lack a true closer.\ Prediction: Wild Card exit—not enough late-game juice.

New York Mets (Wild Card)\ The Mets sneak in as a Wild Card (88-74) with a breakout year. Francisco Lindor (.280, 30 HRs) and Pete Alonso (.260, 35 HRs) mash, while Kodai Senga (3.20 ERA) and Luis Severino (3.60 ERA) lead the rotation. The bullpen (4.00 ERA) is a weak spot, but their offense (top-10 in runs) keeps ‘em alive.\ Prediction: NLDS run—they’re scrappy but flawed.

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Playoff Breakdown: The Road to the World Series

AL Wild Card:

• Rays over Guardians
• Mariners over Orioles
• Yankees over Rays
• Mariners over Astros
• Yankees vs. Mariners → Yankees (4-2)\ Judge and Soto go off, and the Mariners’ bats can’t keep up with New York’s firepower. Cole’s ace stuff seals it.

NL Wild Card:

• Braves over Padres
• Mets over Brewers
• Dodgers over Mets
• Phillies over Braves
• Dodgers vs. Phillies → Dodgers (4-3)\ Ohtani’s heroics (think a 3-HR game) and the Dodgers’ depth outlast Philly’s grit in a seven-game classic.

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World Series: Yankees vs. Dodgers

Here we go—a rematch of last year’s epic clash! The Yankees are hungry for revenge, with Judge and Soto swinging for the fences (combined 5 HRs in the series). Cole (Game 1 gem, 7 IP, 2 ER) and Rodon (Game 5 win) keep it close, but the Dodgers’ lineup is relentless—Ohtani (.350, 2 HRs), Betts (.320, 3 doubles), and Freeman (.300, 8 RBIs) overwhelm New York’s shaky bullpen. Glasnow and Yamamoto each win a start, and the Dodgers’ pen (2.50 ERA in the series) slams the door. Dodgers win in 6—Ohtani’s walk-off in Game 6 seals it.

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The Final Buzzer

The Dodgers are my 2025 World Series champs—they’ve got the star power, depth, and clutch factor to repeat. The Yankees make a valiant run, but their bullpen woes bite ‘em again. Hit me on X if you disagree, but this is my October gospel—let’s see who’s standing when the dust settles! Play ball, degenerates!

@ dfbbf851:ba4542b5

Bitcoin (BTC) เป็นสกุลเงินดิจิทัลที่ได้รับความนิยมและถูกพูดถึงมากที่สุดในโลก นับตั้งแต่เปิดตัวในปี 2009 โดยบุคคลหรือกลุ่มที่ใช้นามแฝงว่า Satoshi Nakamoto 🎭

แต่คำถามสำคัญก็คือ... Bitcoin เป็นอนาคตของการเงินโลกหรือว่าเป็นฟองสบู่ที่รอวันแตกกันแน่? 🤔

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🔹 Bitcoin คืออะไร ?

Bitcoin เป็นเงินดิจิทัลที่ทำงานบน เทคโนโลยีบล็อกเชน (Blockchain) ซึ่งช่วยให้การทำธุรกรรมมีความปลอดภัยและโปร่งใส 💡

🔸 ไม่มีธนาคารกลางควบคุม 🔸 จำนวนจำกัดเพียง 21 ล้านเหรียญ 🔸 ใช้ระบบ "การขุด" (Mining) เพื่อยืนยันธุรกรรม

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✅ ทำไม Bitcoin ได้รับความนิยม ?

✨ ไร้พรมแดน – โอนเงินข้ามประเทศได้รวดเร็วและถูกกว่าธนาคาร ✨ ความปลอดภัยสูง – ใช้ระบบเข้ารหัสที่แข็งแกร่ง 🔐 ✨ สินทรัพย์ป้องกันเงินเฟ้อ – มีจำนวนจำกัด จึงถูกมองว่าเป็น "ทองคำดิจิทัล" 🌎🏆 ✨ การยอมรับที่เพิ่มขึ้น – บริษัทใหญ่ เช่น Tesla และ PayPal เริ่มเปิดรับ BTC

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❌ ความเสี่ยงของ Bitcoin

⚠️ ราคาผันผวนสูง – อาจขึ้นหรือลงหลายพันดอลลาร์ภายในวันเดียว 📉📈 ⚠️ ยังไม่ถูกยอมรับทั่วโลก – บางประเทศออกกฎหมายห้ามใช้ เช่น จีน 🚫 ⚠️ อาจถูกใช้ในทางผิดกฎหมาย – เช่น การฟอกเงินในตลาดมืด 🕵️‍♂️ ⚠️ สิ้นเปลืองพลังงาน – กระบวนการขุดใช้ไฟฟ้าปริมาณมาก ⚡🌱

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🔮 อนาคตของ Bitcoin จะเป็นอย่างไร ?

นักลงทุนบางคนเชื่อว่า Bitcoin จะเป็นอนาคตของระบบการเงินโลก 💵🌍 ในขณะที่บางคนมองว่า มันเป็นเพียงฟองสบู่ที่อาจแตกเมื่อไหร่ก็ได้ 💥

💡 ปัจจัยสำคัญที่อาจกำหนดอนาคตของ BTC ได้แก่: ✔️ การยอมรับจากรัฐบาลและองค์กรใหญ่ ✔️ กฎหมายและกฎระเบียบ – หากรัฐบาลทั่วโลกออกกฎหมายสนับสนุน BTC อาจทำให้ราคาพุ่งสูง 🚀 ✔️ เทคโนโลยีใหม่ๆ – เช่น Lightning Network ที่ช่วยให้การทำธุรกรรมเร็วขึ้นและถูกลง ⚡

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🎯 ปล.

Bitcoin เป็น นวัตกรรมการเงินที่เปลี่ยนโลก 🌎 และอาจกลายเป็นสินทรัพย์สำคัญในอนาคต แต่ก็มีความเสี่ยงสูง นักลงทุนต้องศึกษาให้รอบคอบก่อนตัดสินใจลงทุน 📊💡

แล้วท่านผู้อ่านล่ะครับ คิดว่า Bitcoin คืออนาคตของเงิน หรือเป็นเพียงกระแสชั่วคราวกันแน่ ? 🤔

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Bitcoin #Crypto #Blockchain #BTC #ลงทุน #การเงิน #อนาคตการเงิน

@ dfbbf851:ba4542b5

🌟 บทนำ

ในยุคดิจิทัลที่ทุกอย่างขับเคลื่อนด้วยเทคโนโลยี Blockchain เป็นหนึ่งในนวัตกรรมที่สร้างแรงสั่นสะเทือนมากที่สุด 🌍 หลายคนอาจรู้จัก Blockchain ผ่าน Bitcoin หรือ Ethereum แต่จริงๆ แล้ว มันสามารถนำไปใช้ได้หลากหลายกว่าที่คุณคิด !

💡 ลองจินตนาการถึงโลกที่ไม่มีตัวกลาง ไม่มีการโกงข้อมูล และทุกธุรกรรมสามารถตรวจสอบได้แบบ 100%... นี่แหละคือ พลังของ Blockchain !

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🔎 Blockchain คืออะไร ?

Blockchain เป็นเทคโนโลยีที่ทำให้ข้อมูลมีความ ปลอดภัย โปร่งใส และแก้ไขไม่ได้ ✅ ทุกธุรกรรมที่เกิดขึ้นจะถูกบันทึกลงใน "บล็อก" และเชื่อมต่อกันเป็นโซ่ (Chain) ซึ่งทำให้:

✅ ไม่มีตัวกลาง (Decentralization) – ไม่ต้องพึ่งธนาคารหรือบริษัทใดๆ ✅ ปลอมแปลงยาก (Security) – ใช้การเข้ารหัสระดับสูง 🔐 ✅ โปร่งใสตรวจสอบได้ (Transparency) – ทุกคนสามารถเข้าดูข้อมูลได้แบบเรียลไทม์

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⚙️ Blockchain ทำงานอย่างไร ?

1️⃣ ธุรกรรมถูกสร้างขึ้น เช่น การโอนเงิน 💸 2️⃣ เครือข่ายตรวจสอบความถูกต้อง ผ่านกลไกอย่าง Proof of Work (PoW) หรือ Proof of Stake (PoS) 3️⃣ ธุรกรรมถูกบันทึกลงบล็อก และเชื่อมโยงกับบล็อกก่อนหน้า 🔗 4️⃣ ข้อมูลถูกกระจายไปยังทุกโหนด ทำให้ไม่สามารถถูกแก้ไขย้อนหลังได้

✨ ง่ายๆ คือ Blockchain ทำให้ข้อมูลมีความน่าเชื่อถือ และไม่มีใครสามารถควบคุมได้เพียงลำพัง !

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💡 การประยุกต์ใช้ Blockchain ในโลกธุรกิจ

🔥 การเงินและธนาคาร – ลดค่าธรรมเนียมการโอนเงินระหว่างประเทศ 🏦 🔥 Supply Chain – ติดตามสินค้าแบบเรียลไทม์ ป้องกันของปลอม 📦 🔥 การดูแลสุขภาพ – จัดเก็บข้อมูลผู้ป่วยแบบปลอดภัย 🏥 🔥 อสังหาริมทรัพย์ – ซื้อขายบ้านโดยไม่ต้องพึ่งนายหน้า 🏡 🔥 การเลือกตั้ง – ป้องกันการโกงเสียงเลือกตั้งผ่านระบบดิจิทัล 🗳️

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🚀 อนาคตของ Blockchain

Blockchain กำลังพัฒนาไปสู่เทคโนโลยีที่มีความ เร็วขึ้น ปลอดภัยขึ้น และใช้พลังงานน้อยลง ♻️ เทรนด์ที่น่าจับตามอง ได้แก่:

🔹 CBDC (เงินดิจิทัลของธนาคารกลาง) – กำลังมาแรง! 🔹 DeFi (การเงินแบบไร้ตัวกลาง) – พลิกโฉมการลงทุน 🔹 NFT (สินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลไม่ซ้ำกัน) – ปฏิวัติวงการศิลปะ 🎨

แม้ว่าจะยังมีข้อท้าทาย เช่น ค่าธรรมเนียมสูง หรือการใช้พลังงานมากในบางระบบ แต่ Blockchain กำลังมุ่งสู่อนาคตที่ยั่งยืนและเป็นมิตรกับสิ่งแวดล้อมมากขึ้น 🌱

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🎯 ปล.

Blockchain ไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องของ Bitcoin ! แต่เป็นเทคโนโลยีที่สามารถเปลี่ยนโลกในหลายด้าน 🌎 หากคุณเป็นนักธุรกิจ นักลงทุน หรือเพียงแค่คนที่อยากเข้าใจโลกดิจิทัลมากขึ้น นี่คือเทคโนโลยีที่คุณไม่ควรมองข้าม !

📢 แล้วคุณล่ะ คิดว่า Blockchain จะเปลี่ยนโลกไปอย่างไรบ้าง? มาพูดคุยกันในคอมเมนต์ได้เลย! 👇💬

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Blockchain #Crypto #DeFi #NFT #Web3 #Bitcoin #Innovation

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

Australian Prime Minister Calls Election Amid Economic Challenges

Summary:

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has announced that Australia will hold federal elections on May 3. The election comes at a time when the nation faces significant economic uncertainties, including high inflation rates, elevated interest rates, and a housing crisis. Albanese's Labor government emphasizes plans for economic recovery, while opposition leader Peter Dutton's Coalition proposes public sector cuts and temporary fuel duty reductions. Both leaders are striving to address voter concerns over the cost-of-living crisis and economic stability.

Sources: The Guardian - March 28, 2025, AP News - March 28, 2025

Bill Gates Predicts AI to Replace Doctors and Teachers Within 10 Years

Summary:

Bill Gates forecasts that artificial intelligence (AI) will significantly reduce human involvement in fields like medicine and education over the next decade. He envisions AI providing free, high-quality medical advice and tutoring, thereby democratizing access to these services. While acknowledging concerns about misinformation and rapid AI development, Gates remains optimistic about AI's potential to drive breakthroughs in healthcare, climate solutions, and education. He encourages young people to engage in AI-centric ventures, highlighting its transformative impact on industries and society.​

Sources: New York Post - March 27, 2025

AI Poised to Transform Legal Profession by 2035

Summary:

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is projected to render traditional lawyer roles obsolete by 2035. AI systems are advancing to perform complex legal tasks such as advising, negotiating, and dispute resolution. While some legal professionals argue that AI cannot replicate human judgment and creativity, the emphasis on efficiency and outcomes suggests a future where AGI dominates legal services with minimal human intervention. Legal industry leaders are urged to prepare for this disruptive shift.​

Sources: The Times - March 28, 2025

Queensland Faces Severe Flooding as Inland 'Sea' Emerges

Summary:

Severe weather conditions, including heavy rain and potential flash flooding, have impacted central and southern inland Queensland, with significant rainfall between 200 to 400mm recorded. Towns like Adavale are inundated, prompting emergency warnings and the establishment of refuges for affected residents. Authorities urge residents to stay updated and follow safety advice.

Sources: News.com.au - 28 March 2025, The Courier-Mail - 28 March 2025, The Guardian - 28 March 2025

Opposition Leader Peter Dutton Outlines Election Platform

Summary:

Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has presented his vision for Australia, promising significant funding for defense and proposing a new gas reservation policy aimed at lowering electricity prices. The Coalition's plans include fast-tracking gas projects, investing $1 billion in gas infrastructure, reducing public service staffing by 41,000 while preserving essential services, and decreasing permanent migration intake by 25% to increase housing supply. Dutton also announced reinstating subsidized mental health visits and new spending on youth mental health.

Sources: The Guardian - March 28, 2025, The Australian - March 28, 2025

Opposition Leader Promises Significant Defense Funding

Summary:

Peter Dutton, in his budget reply, promised significant funding for defense and a new gas reservation policy for the east coast, aimed at lowering electricity prices. The Coalition also plans to fast-track gas projects and invest $1 billion in gas infrastructure. Dutton announced slashing 41,000 public service workers while preserving essential services, and criticized Labor's gas policy. Immigration plans include reducing the permanent migration intake by 25% to increase housing supply. Dutton also proposed reinstating subsidized mental health visits and new spending on youth mental health. Labor, represented by Jason Clare, argued that the Coalition's policies, including the nuclear plan, are costly and criticized the tax implications under Dutton.

Sources: The Guardian - March 28, 2025

Israeli Politicians Urge Australian MPs to Abandon Two-State Solution Policy

Summary:

A group of Israeli Knesset members has called on Australian MPs to drop support for a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine. The letter, presented during an event at Australia's Parliament House, argues that establishing a Palestinian state could lead to Israel's destruction, citing recent conflicts as evidence. This appeal reflects deep skepticism within Israeli political circles about the viability of the peace process.

Sources: The Guardian - March 27, 2025

Stephen Jones Criticizes U.S. Protectionist Trade Policies

Summary:

Outgoing Financial Services Minister Stephen Jones has criticized recent U.S. protectionist measures, including a 25% tariff on global car imports and Australian aluminum and steel. Jones emphasized the importance of open trade and a rules-based order for Australia's economic growth, highlighting concerns about the negative impact on Australian industries and the broader economy.

Sources: The Australian - March 28, 2025

New Anti-Smoking Warnings Criticized for Potential Backfire

Summary:

Starting April 1, Australia will implement legislation requiring health warnings on individual cigarettes, with messages like "causes 16 cancers" and "poisons in every puff." However, social media users have mocked these warnings, suggesting they might make smoking appear "cool" and collectible rather than serving as deterrents. Despite the criticism, health officials assert that such on-product messages are part of a broader strategy to reduce smoking rates, citing positive results from similar approaches in Canada. The initiative aims to decrease the annual tobacco-related deaths in Australia, which currently exceed 24,000.

Sources: The Courier-Mail - March 28, 2025

'Joe's Law' Introduced to Ban Future Hospital Privatization in NSW

Summary:

The New South Wales government has announced "Joe's Law," a reform to prohibit the future privatization of acute public hospitals. This decision follows the death of two-year-old Joe Massa, who suffered a cardiac arrest and died after a prolonged wait in the emergency department of the privately managed Northern Beaches Hospital. The legislation aims to ensure that critical public services like emergency and surgical care remain under public control, preventing privatization. Additionally, a parliamentary inquiry into the hospital's services and a coronial investigation into Joe's death have been initiated.

Sources: The Guardian - March 28, 2025, news.com.au - March 28, 2025, The Daily Telegraph - March 28, 2025

Determined Daisy Marks Major Milestone

Summary:

Daisy, born with a rare chromosomal disorder, has achieved a significant health milestone by having her tracheostomy removed and is now learning to communicate using sign language. Her inspiring journey is one of several highlighted by the Good Friday Appeal, which supports the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH). The 2025 Appeal aims to fund further programs, research, and vital equipment at RCH, with contributions from events like North Melbourne's SuperClash fundraiser bringing joy to young patients ahead of the marquee match.

Sources: Herald Sun - March 27, 2025

Indonesia Seeks to Calm Investors After Stocks, Rupiah Slide

Summary:

Indonesian officials are working to reassure investors following significant declines in the stock market and the rupiah. President Prabowo Subianto plans to meet with investors after the Eid-al-Fitr holiday to address concerns about government policies and fiscal stability. The rupiah recently hit its weakest level since 1998, and the main stock index fell 7.1%. Analysts attribute the selloff to poor communication on fiscal policies. The government aims to maintain the fiscal deficit within 3% of GDP and avoid political interference in its sovereign wealth fund. Efforts are also underway to deregulate the manufacturing sector and provide credits to labor-intensive industries. Bank Indonesia is prepared to intervene to stabilize the currency, emphasizing the economy's underlying strength. The rupiah has shown signs of recovery, and measures include easing buyback processes and offering more attractive investment instruments. Markets will monitor the mid-year budget update in July for signs of revenue shortfalls and spending adjustments.​

Sources: Reuters - 28 March 2025

Beijing to Escalate Taiwan Coercion in 2025

Summary:

A report by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence highlights growing cooperation among China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, posing significant challenges to U.S. global power. Closer ties between China and Russia, in particular, could present enduring risks to U.S. interests. The document points out China's military threat to the U.S., emphasizing its grey zone tactics and potential for stronger coercive action against Taiwan by 2025. The Ukraine conflict and its ongoing strategic risks, including nuclear escalation, are noted, as well as China's ambition to dominate AI by 2030 and its control over critical materials. The report also mentions the volatile Middle East, with Iran's expanding ties despite challenges, and North Korea's commitment to enhancing its nuclear capabilities. Additionally, threats from foreign drug actors and Islamic extremists, including Al-Qa'ida and a potential ISIS resurgence, are highlighted.​

Sources: The Australian - 28 March 2025

Fire Ant Infestation Could Cost Australian Households Over $1 Billion Annually

Summary:

New modeling predicts that if fire ants become established in Australia, households may incur approximately $1.03 billion annually in control measures and related health and veterinary expenses. The invasive species could lead to up to 570,800 medical consultations and around 30 deaths each year due to stings. The electorates of Durack, O'Connor, Mayo, and Blair are projected to be most affected. Experts emphasize the need for increased federal funding for comprehensive eradication programs to prevent environmental damage and significant economic burdens on households.

Sources: The Guardian - March 28, 2025

The Great Monetary Divide – Epi-3643

Summary:

In this episode, host Jack Spirko discusses the rapid changes occurring in the global financial landscape. He highlights the European Union's announcement, led by European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde, to implement a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) across member states by the upcoming fall. Spirko expresses concern that such a move could pave the way for a social credit system similar to China's, potentially leading to increased governmental control over individual financial activities.​

Conversely, the episode explores developments in the United States, where the government is reportedly adopting Bitcoin as an economic reserve and integrating stablecoins into the financial system. Spirko suggests that these actions may indicate a divergent path from other global economies, potentially fostering a more decentralized financial environment.​

Throughout the episode, Spirko emphasizes the importance of understanding these shifts and encourages listeners to consider how such changes might impact personal financial sovereignty and the broader economic landscape.​

Please note that this summary is based on limited information available from the episode description and may not capture all the nuances discussed in the full podcast.

Sources: The Survival Podcast - 28 March 2025, Apple Podcasts - 28 March 2025

@ a8d1560d:3fec7a08

I have made a big update to my Nostr desktop. Apps for images, videos and livestreams after their respective NIPs have been added, and the Raw Events app has been greatly improved. There are still some layout problems, but it all works (hopefully).

https://websim.ai/@wholewish91244492/nostr-desktop

@ 872982aa:8fb54cfe

NIP-02

Follow List

final optional

A special event with kind 3, meaning "follow list" is defined as having a list of p tags, one for each of the followed/known profiles one is following.

Each tag entry should contain the key for the profile, a relay URL where events from that key can be found (can be set to an empty string if not needed), and a local name (or "petname") for that profile (can also be set to an empty string or not provided), i.e., ["p", <32-bytes hex key>, <main relay URL>, <petname>].

The .content is not used.

For example:

jsonc { "kind": 3, "tags": [ ["p", "91cf9..4e5ca", "wss://alicerelay.com/", "alice"], ["p", "14aeb..8dad4", "wss://bobrelay.com/nostr", "bob"], ["p", "612ae..e610f", "ws://carolrelay.com/ws", "carol"] ], "content": "", // other fields... }

Every new following list that gets published overwrites the past ones, so it should contain all entries. Relays and clients SHOULD delete past following lists as soon as they receive a new one.

Whenever new follows are added to an existing list, clients SHOULD append them to the end of the list, so they are stored in chronological order.

Uses

Follow list backup

If one believes a relay will store their events for sufficient time, they can use this kind-3 event to backup their following list and recover on a different device.

Profile discovery and context augmentation

A client may rely on the kind-3 event to display a list of followed people by profiles one is browsing; make lists of suggestions on who to follow based on the follow lists of other people one might be following or browsing; or show the data in other contexts.

Relay sharing

A client may publish a follow list with good relays for each of their follows so other clients may use these to update their internal relay lists if needed, increasing censorship-resistance.

Petname scheme

The data from these follow lists can be used by clients to construct local "petname" tables derived from other people's follow lists. This alleviates the need for global human-readable names. For example:

A user has an internal follow list that says

json [ ["p", "21df6d143fb96c2ec9d63726bf9edc71", "", "erin"] ]

And receives two follow lists, one from 21df6d143fb96c2ec9d63726bf9edc71 that says

json [ ["p", "a8bb3d884d5d90b413d9891fe4c4e46d", "", "david"] ]

and another from a8bb3d884d5d90b413d9891fe4c4e46d that says

json [ ["p", "f57f54057d2a7af0efecc8b0b66f5708", "", "frank"] ]

When the user sees 21df6d143fb96c2ec9d63726bf9edc71 the client can show erin instead; When the user sees a8bb3d884d5d90b413d9891fe4c4e46d the client can show david.erin instead; When the user sees f57f54057d2a7af0efecc8b0b66f5708 the client can show frank.david.erin instead.

@ 872982aa:8fb54cfe

NIP-01

Basic protocol flow description

draft mandatory

This NIP defines the basic protocol that should be implemented by everybody. New NIPs may add new optional (or mandatory) fields and messages and features to the structures and flows described here.

Events and signatures

Each user has a keypair. Signatures, public key, and encodings are done according to the Schnorr signatures standard for the curve secp256k1.

The only object type that exists is the event, which has the following format on the wire:

jsonc { "id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded sha256 of the serialized event data>, "pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>, "created_at": <unix timestamp in seconds>, "kind": <integer between 0 and 65535>, "tags": [ [<arbitrary string>...], // ... ], "content": <arbitrary string>, "sig": <64-bytes lowercase hex of the signature of the sha256 hash of the serialized event data, which is the same as the "id" field> }

To obtain the event.id, we sha256 the serialized event. The serialization is done over the UTF-8 JSON-serialized string (which is described below) of the following structure:

[ 0, <pubkey, as a lowercase hex string>, <created_at, as a number>, <kind, as a number>, <tags, as an array of arrays of non-null strings>, <content, as a string> ]

To prevent implementation differences from creating a different event ID for the same event, the following rules MUST be followed while serializing: - UTF-8 should be used for encoding. - Whitespace, line breaks or other unnecessary formatting should not be included in the output JSON. - The following characters in the content field must be escaped as shown, and all other characters must be included verbatim: - A line break (0x0A), use \n - A double quote (0x22), use \" - A backslash (0x5C), use \\ - A carriage return (0x0D), use \r - A tab character (0x09), use \t - A backspace, (0x08), use \b - A form feed, (0x0C), use \f

Tags

Each tag is an array of one or more strings, with some conventions around them. Take a look at the example below:

jsonc { "tags": [ ["e", "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36", "wss://nostr.example.com"], ["p", "f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca"], ["a", "30023:f7234bd4c1394dda46d09f35bd384dd30cc552ad5541990f98844fb06676e9ca:abcd", "wss://nostr.example.com"], ["alt", "reply"], // ... ], // ... }

The first element of the tag array is referred to as the tag name or key and the second as the tag value. So we can safely say that the event above has an e tag set to "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36", an alt tag set to "reply" and so on. All elements after the second do not have a conventional name.

This NIP defines 3 standard tags that can be used across all event kinds with the same meaning. They are as follows:

• The e tag, used to refer to an event: ["e", <32-bytes lowercase hex of the id of another event>, <recommended relay URL, optional>, <32-bytes lowercase hex of the author's pubkey, optional>]
• The p tag, used to refer to another user: ["p", <32-bytes lowercase hex of a pubkey>, <recommended relay URL, optional>]
• The a tag, used to refer to an addressable or replaceable event
  • for an addressable event: ["a", "<kind integer>:<32-bytes lowercase hex of a pubkey>:<d tag value>", <recommended relay URL, optional>]
  • for a normal replaceable event: ["a", "<kind integer>:<32-bytes lowercase hex of a pubkey>:", <recommended relay URL, optional>] (note: include the trailing colon)

As a convention, all single-letter (only english alphabet letters: a-z, A-Z) key tags are expected to be indexed by relays, such that it is possible, for example, to query or subscribe to events that reference the event "5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36" by using the {"#e": ["5c83da77af1dec6d7289834998ad7aafbd9e2191396d75ec3cc27f5a77226f36"]} filter. Only the first value in any given tag is indexed.

Kinds

Kinds specify how clients should interpret the meaning of each event and the other fields of each event (e.g. an "r" tag may have a meaning in an event of kind 1 and an entirely different meaning in an event of kind 10002). Each NIP may define the meaning of a set of kinds that weren't defined elsewhere. NIP-10, for instance, especifies the kind:1 text note for social media applications.

This NIP defines one basic kind:

• 0: user metadata: the content is set to a stringified JSON object {name: <nickname or full name>, about: <short bio>, picture: <url of the image>} describing the user who created the event. Extra metadata fields may be set. A relay may delete older events once it gets a new one for the same pubkey.

And also a convention for kind ranges that allow for easier experimentation and flexibility of relay implementation:

• for kind n such that 1000 <= n < 10000 || 4 <= n < 45 || n == 1 || n == 2, events are regular, which means they're all expected to be stored by relays.
• for kind n such that 10000 <= n < 20000 || n == 0 || n == 3, events are replaceable, which means that, for each combination of pubkey and kind, only the latest event MUST be stored by relays, older versions MAY be discarded.
• for kind n such that 20000 <= n < 30000, events are ephemeral, which means they are not expected to be stored by relays.
• for kind n such that 30000 <= n < 40000, events are addressable by their kind, pubkey and d tag value -- which means that, for each combination of kind, pubkey and the d tag value, only the latest event MUST be stored by relays, older versions MAY be discarded.

In case of replaceable events with the same timestamp, the event with the lowest id (first in lexical order) should be retained, and the other discarded.

When answering to REQ messages for replaceable events such as {"kinds":[0],"authors":[<hex-key>]}, even if the relay has more than one version stored, it SHOULD return just the latest one.

These are just conventions and relay implementations may differ.

Communication between clients and relays

Relays expose a websocket endpoint to which clients can connect. Clients SHOULD open a single websocket connection to each relay and use it for all their subscriptions. Relays MAY limit number of connections from specific IP/client/etc.

From client to relay: sending events and creating subscriptions

Clients can send 3 types of messages, which must be JSON arrays, according to the following patterns:

• ["EVENT", <event JSON as defined above>], used to publish events.
• ["REQ", <subscription_id>, <filters1>, <filters2>, ...], used to request events and subscribe to new updates.
• ["CLOSE", <subscription_id>], used to stop previous subscriptions.

<subscription_id> is an arbitrary, non-empty string of max length 64 chars. It represents a subscription per connection. Relays MUST manage <subscription_id>s independently for each WebSocket connection. <subscription_id>s are not guaranteed to be globally unique.

<filtersX> is a JSON object that determines what events will be sent in that subscription, it can have the following attributes:

json { "ids": <a list of event ids>, "authors": <a list of lowercase pubkeys, the pubkey of an event must be one of these>, "kinds": <a list of a kind numbers>, "#<single-letter (a-zA-Z)>": <a list of tag values, for #e — a list of event ids, for #p — a list of pubkeys, etc.>, "since": <an integer unix timestamp in seconds. Events must have a created_at >= to this to pass>, "until": <an integer unix timestamp in seconds. Events must have a created_at <= to this to pass>, "limit": <maximum number of events relays SHOULD return in the initial query> }

Upon receiving a REQ message, the relay SHOULD return events that match the filter. Any new events it receives SHOULD be sent to that same websocket until the connection is closed, a CLOSE event is received with the same <subscription_id>, or a new REQ is sent using the same <subscription_id> (in which case a new subscription is created, replacing the old one).

Filter attributes containing lists (ids, authors, kinds and tag filters like #e) are JSON arrays with one or more values. At least one of the arrays' values must match the relevant field in an event for the condition to be considered a match. For scalar event attributes such as authors and kind, the attribute from the event must be contained in the filter list. In the case of tag attributes such as #e, for which an event may have multiple values, the event and filter condition values must have at least one item in common.

The ids, authors, #e and #p filter lists MUST contain exact 64-character lowercase hex values.

The since and until properties can be used to specify the time range of events returned in the subscription. If a filter includes the since property, events with created_at greater than or equal to since are considered to match the filter. The until property is similar except that created_at must be less than or equal to until. In short, an event matches a filter if since <= created_at <= until holds.

All conditions of a filter that are specified must match for an event for it to pass the filter, i.e., multiple conditions are interpreted as && conditions.

A REQ message may contain multiple filters. In this case, events that match any of the filters are to be returned, i.e., multiple filters are to be interpreted as || conditions.

The limit property of a filter is only valid for the initial query and MUST be ignored afterwards. When limit: n is present it is assumed that the events returned in the initial query will be the last n events ordered by the created_at. Newer events should appear first, and in the case of ties the event with the lowest id (first in lexical order) should be first. It is safe to return less events than limit specifies, but it is expected that relays do not return (much) more events than requested so clients don't get unnecessarily overwhelmed by data.

From relay to client: sending events and notices

Relays can send 5 types of messages, which must also be JSON arrays, according to the following patterns:

• ["EVENT", <subscription_id>, <event JSON as defined above>], used to send events requested by clients.
• ["OK", <event_id>, <true|false>, <message>], used to indicate acceptance or denial of an EVENT message.
• ["EOSE", <subscription_id>], used to indicate the end of stored events and the beginning of events newly received in real-time.
• ["CLOSED", <subscription_id>, <message>], used to indicate that a subscription was ended on the server side.
• ["NOTICE", <message>], used to send human-readable error messages or other things to clients.

This NIP defines no rules for how NOTICE messages should be sent or treated.

• EVENT messages MUST be sent only with a subscription ID related to a subscription previously initiated by the client (using the REQ message above).
• OK messages MUST be sent in response to EVENT messages received from clients, they must have the 3rd parameter set to true when an event has been accepted by the relay, false otherwise. The 4th parameter MUST always be present, but MAY be an empty string when the 3rd is true, otherwise it MUST be a string formed by a machine-readable single-word prefix followed by a : and then a human-readable message. Some examples:
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, ""]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, "pow: difficulty 25>=24"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", true, "duplicate: already have this event"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "blocked: you are banned from posting here"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "blocked: please register your pubkey at https://my-expensive-relay.example.com"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "rate-limited: slow down there chief"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "invalid: event creation date is too far off from the current time"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "pow: difficulty 26 is less than 30"]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "restricted: not allowed to write."]
• ["OK", "b1a649ebe8...", false, "error: could not connect to the database"]
• CLOSED messages MUST be sent in response to a REQ when the relay refuses to fulfill it. It can also be sent when a relay decides to kill a subscription on its side before a client has disconnected or sent a CLOSE. This message uses the same pattern of OK messages with the machine-readable prefix and human-readable message. Some examples:
• ["CLOSED", "sub1", "unsupported: filter contains unknown elements"]
• ["CLOSED", "sub1", "error: could not connect to the database"]
• ["CLOSED", "sub1", "error: shutting down idle subscription"]
• The standardized machine-readable prefixes for OK and CLOSED are: duplicate, pow, blocked, rate-limited, invalid, restricted, and error for when none of that fits.

@ 872982aa:8fb54cfe

• 首页

• 第一章、 NIP-01: Basic protocol flow description

• 第二章、 NIP-02: Follow List

@ 872982aa:8fb54cfe

NIPs

NIPs stand for Nostr Implementation Possibilities.

They exist to document what may be implemented by Nostr-compatible relay and client software.

---

• List
• Event Kinds
• Message Types
• Client to Relay
• Relay to Client
• Standardized Tags
• Criteria for acceptance of NIPs
• Is this repository a centralizing factor?
• How this repository works
• Breaking Changes
• License

---

List

• NIP-01: Basic protocol flow description
• NIP-02: Follow List
• NIP-03: OpenTimestamps Attestations for Events
• NIP-04: Encrypted Direct Message --- unrecommended: deprecated in favor of NIP-17
• NIP-05: Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers
• NIP-06: Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase
• NIP-07: window.nostr capability for web browsers
• NIP-08: Handling Mentions --- unrecommended: deprecated in favor of NIP-27
• NIP-09: Event Deletion Request
• NIP-10: Text Notes and Threads
• NIP-11: Relay Information Document
• NIP-13: Proof of Work
• NIP-14: Subject tag in text events
• NIP-15: Nostr Marketplace (for resilient marketplaces)
• NIP-17: Private Direct Messages
• NIP-18: Reposts
• NIP-19: bech32-encoded entities
• NIP-21: nostr: URI scheme
• NIP-22: Comment
• NIP-23: Long-form Content
• NIP-24: Extra metadata fields and tags
• NIP-25: Reactions
• NIP-26: Delegated Event Signing
• NIP-27: Text Note References
• NIP-28: Public Chat
• NIP-29: Relay-based Groups
• NIP-30: Custom Emoji
• NIP-31: Dealing with Unknown Events
• NIP-32: Labeling
• NIP-34: git stuff
• NIP-35: Torrents
• NIP-36: Sensitive Content
• NIP-37: Draft Events
• NIP-38: User Statuses
• NIP-39: External Identities in Profiles
• NIP-40: Expiration Timestamp
• NIP-42: Authentication of clients to relays
• NIP-44: Encrypted Payloads (Versioned)
• NIP-45: Counting results
• NIP-46: Nostr Remote Signing
• NIP-47: Nostr Wallet Connect
• NIP-48: Proxy Tags
• NIP-49: Private Key Encryption
• NIP-50: Search Capability
• NIP-51: Lists
• NIP-52: Calendar Events
• NIP-53: Live Activities
• NIP-54: Wiki
• NIP-55: Android Signer Application
• NIP-56: Reporting
• NIP-57: Lightning Zaps
• NIP-58: Badges
• NIP-59: Gift Wrap
• NIP-60: Cashu Wallet
• NIP-61: Nutzaps
• NIP-62: Request to Vanish
• NIP-64: Chess (PGN)
• NIP-65: Relay List Metadata
• NIP-66: Relay Discovery and Liveness Monitoring
• NIP-68: Picture-first feeds
• NIP-69: Peer-to-peer Order events
• NIP-70: Protected Events
• NIP-71: Video Events
• NIP-72: Moderated Communities
• NIP-73: External Content IDs
• NIP-75: Zap Goals
• NIP-78: Application-specific data
• NIP-84: Highlights
• NIP-86: Relay Management API
• NIP-88: Polls
• NIP-89: Recommended Application Handlers
• NIP-90: Data Vending Machines
• NIP-92: Media Attachments
• NIP-94: File Metadata
• NIP-96: HTTP File Storage Integration
• NIP-98: HTTP Auth
• NIP-99: Classified Listings
• NIP-7D: Threads
• NIP-C7: Chats

Event Kinds

| kind | description | NIP | | ------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | | 0 | User Metadata | 01 | | 1 | Short Text Note | 10 | | 2 | Recommend Relay | 01 (deprecated) | | 3 | Follows | 02 | | 4 | Encrypted Direct Messages | 04 | | 5 | Event Deletion Request | 09 | | 6 | Repost | 18 | | 7 | Reaction | 25 | | 8 | Badge Award | 58 | | 9 | Chat Message | C7 | | 10 | Group Chat Threaded Reply | 29 (deprecated) | | 11 | Thread | 7D | | 12 | Group Thread Reply | 29 (deprecated) | | 13 | Seal | 59 | | 14 | Direct Message | 17 | | 15 | File Message | 17 | | 16 | Generic Repost | 18 | | 17 | Reaction to a website | 25 | | 20 | Picture | 68 | | 21 | Video Event | 71 | | 22 | Short-form Portrait Video Event | 71 | | 30 | internal reference | NKBIP-03 | | 31 | external web reference | NKBIP-03 | | 32 | hardcopy reference | NKBIP-03 | | 33 | prompt reference | NKBIP-03 | | 40 | Channel Creation | 28 | | 41 | Channel Metadata | 28 | | 42 | Channel Message | 28 | | 43 | Channel Hide Message | 28 | | 44 | Channel Mute User | 28 | | 62 | Request to Vanish | 62 | | 64 | Chess (PGN) | 64 | | 818 | Merge Requests | 54 | | 1018 | Poll Response | 88 | | 1021 | Bid | 15 | | 1022 | Bid confirmation | 15 | | 1040 | OpenTimestamps | 03 | | 1059 | Gift Wrap | 59 | | 1063 | File Metadata | 94 | | 1068 | Poll | 88 | | 1111 | Comment | 22 | | 1311 | Live Chat Message | 53 | | 1617 | Patches | 34 | | 1621 | Issues | 34 | | 1622 | Git Replies (deprecated) | 34 | | 1630-1633 | Status | 34 | | 1971 | Problem Tracker | nostrocket | | 1984 | Reporting | 56 | | 1985 | Label | 32 | | 1986 | Relay reviews | | | 1987 | AI Embeddings / Vector lists | NKBIP-02 | | 2003 | Torrent | 35 | | 2004 | Torrent Comment | 35 | | 2022 | Coinjoin Pool | joinstr | | 4550 | Community Post Approval | 72 | | 5000-5999 | Job Request | 90 | | 6000-6999 | Job Result | 90 | | 7000 | Job Feedback | 90 | | 7374 | Reserved Cashu Wallet Tokens | 60 | | 7375 | Cashu Wallet Tokens | 60 | | 7376 | Cashu Wallet History | 60 | | 9000-9030 | Group Control Events | 29 | | 9041 | Zap Goal | 75 | | 9321 | Nutzap | 61 | | 9467 | Tidal login | Tidal-nostr | | 9734 | Zap Request | 57 | | 9735 | Zap | 57 | | 9802 | Highlights | 84 | | 10000 | Mute list | 51 | | 10001 | Pin list | 51 | | 10002 | Relay List Metadata | 65, 51 | | 10003 | Bookmark list | 51 | | 10004 | Communities list | 51 | | 10005 | Public chats list | 51 | | 10006 | Blocked relays list | 51 | | 10007 | Search relays list | 51 | | 10009 | User groups | 51, 29 | | 10013 | Private event relay list | 37 | | 10015 | Interests list | 51 | | 10019 | Nutzap Mint Recommendation | 61 | | 10030 | User emoji list | 51 | | 10050 | Relay list to receive DMs | 51, 17 | | 10063 | User server list | Blossom | | 10096 | File storage server list | 96 | | 10166 | Relay Monitor Announcement | 66 | | 13194 | Wallet Info | 47 | | 17375 | Cashu Wallet Event | 60 | | 21000 | Lightning Pub RPC | Lightning.Pub | | 22242 | Client Authentication | 42 | | 23194 | Wallet Request | 47 | | 23195 | Wallet Response | 47 | | 24133 | Nostr Connect | 46 | | 24242 | Blobs stored on mediaservers | Blossom | | 27235 | HTTP Auth | 98 | | 30000 | Follow sets | 51 | | 30001 | Generic lists | 51 (deprecated) | | 30002 | Relay sets | 51 | | 30003 | Bookmark sets | 51 | | 30004 | Curation sets | 51 | | 30005 | Video sets | 51 | | 30007 | Kind mute sets | 51 | | 30008 | Profile Badges | 58 | | 30009 | Badge Definition | 58 | | 30015 | Interest sets | 51 | | 30017 | Create or update a stall | 15 | | 30018 | Create or update a product | 15 | | 30019 | Marketplace UI/UX | 15 | | 30020 | Product sold as an auction | 15 | | 30023 | Long-form Content | 23 | | 30024 | Draft Long-form Content | 23 | | 30030 | Emoji sets | 51 | | 30040 | Curated Publication Index | NKBIP-01 | | 30041 | Curated Publication Content | NKBIP-01 | | 30063 | Release artifact sets | 51 | | 30078 | Application-specific Data | 78 | | 30166 | Relay Discovery | 66 | | 30267 | App curation sets | 51 | | 30311 | Live Event | 53 | | 30315 | User Statuses | 38 | | 30388 | Slide Set | Corny Chat | | 30402 | Classified Listing | 99 | | 30403 | Draft Classified Listing | 99 | | 30617 | Repository announcements | 34 | | 30618 | Repository state announcements | 34 | | 30818 | Wiki article | 54 | | 30819 | Redirects | 54 | | 31234 | Draft Event | 37 | | 31388 | Link Set | Corny Chat | | 31890 | Feed | NUD: Custom Feeds | | 31922 | Date-Based Calendar Event | 52 | | 31923 | Time-Based Calendar Event | 52 | | 31924 | Calendar | 52 | | 31925 | Calendar Event RSVP | 52 | | 31989 | Handler recommendation | 89 | | 31990 | Handler information | 89 | | | 32267 | Software Application | | | | 34550 | Community Definition | 72 | | 38383 | Peer-to-peer Order events | 69 | | 39000-9 | Group metadata events | 29 |

Message types

Client to Relay

| type | description | NIP | | ------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | | EVENT | used to publish events | 01 | | REQ | used to request events and subscribe to new updates | 01 | | CLOSE | used to stop previous subscriptions | 01 | | AUTH | used to send authentication events | 42 | | COUNT | used to request event counts | 45 |

Relay to Client

| type | description | NIP | | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | | EOSE | used to notify clients all stored events have been sent | 01 | | EVENT | used to send events requested to clients | 01 | | NOTICE | used to send human-readable messages to clients | 01 | | OK | used to notify clients if an EVENT was successful | 01 | | CLOSED | used to notify clients that a REQ was ended and why | 01 | | AUTH | used to send authentication challenges | 42 | | COUNT | used to send requested event counts to clients | 45 |

Standardized Tags

| name | value | other parameters | NIP | | ----------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | | a | coordinates to an event | relay URL | 01 | | A | root address | relay URL | 22 | | d | identifier | -- | 01 | | e | event id (hex) | relay URL, marker, pubkey (hex) | 01, 10 | | E | root event id | relay URL | 22 | | f | currency code | -- | 69 | | g | geohash | -- | 52 | | h | group id | -- | 29 | | i | external identity | proof, url hint | 35, 39, 73 | | I | root external identity | -- | 22 | | k | kind | -- | 18, 25, 72, 73 | | K | root scope | -- | 22 | | l | label, label namespace | -- | 32 | | L | label namespace | -- | 32 | | m | MIME type | -- | 94 | | p | pubkey (hex) | relay URL, petname | 01, 02, 22 | | P | pubkey (hex) | -- | 22, 57 | | q | event id (hex) | relay URL, pubkey (hex) | 18 | | r | a reference (URL, etc) | -- | 24, 25 | | r | relay url | marker | 65 | | s | status | -- | 69 | | t | hashtag | -- | 24, 34, 35 | | u | url | -- | 61, 98 | | x | hash | -- | 35, 56 | | y | platform | -- | 69 | | z | order number | -- | 69 | | - | -- | -- | 70 | | alt | summary | -- | 31 | | amount | millisatoshis, stringified | -- | 57 | | bolt11 | bolt11 invoice | -- | 57 | | challenge | challenge string | -- | 42 | | client | name, address | relay URL | 89 | | clone | git clone URL | -- | 34 | | content-warning | reason | -- | 36 | | delegation | pubkey, conditions, delegation token | -- | 26 | | description | description | -- | 34, 57, 58 | | emoji | shortcode, image URL | -- | 30 | | encrypted | -- | -- | 90 | | expiration | unix timestamp (string) | -- | 40 | | file | full path (string) | -- | 35 | | goal | event id (hex) | relay URL | 75 | | image | image URL | dimensions in pixels | 23, 52, 58 | | imeta | inline metadata | -- | 92 | | lnurl | bech32 encoded lnurl | -- | 57 | | location | location string | -- | 52, 99 | | name | name | -- | 34, 58, 72 | | nonce | random | difficulty | 13 | | preimage | hash of bolt11 invoice | -- | 57 | | price | price | currency, frequency | 99 | | proxy | external ID | protocol | 48 | | published_at | unix timestamp (string) | -- | 23 | | relay | relay url | -- | 42, 17 | | relays | relay list | -- | 57 | | server | file storage server url | -- | 96 | | subject | subject | -- | 14, 17, 34 | | summary | summary | -- | 23, 52 | | thumb | badge thumbnail | dimensions in pixels | 58 | | title | article title | -- | 23 | | tracker | torrent tracker URL | -- | 35 | | web | webpage URL | -- | 34 | | zap | pubkey (hex), relay URL | weight | 57 |

Please update these lists when proposing new NIPs.

Criteria for acceptance of NIPs

1. They should be fully implemented in at least two clients and one relay -- when applicable.
2. They should make sense.
3. They should be optional and backwards-compatible: care must be taken such that clients and relays that choose to not implement them do not stop working when interacting with the ones that choose to.
4. There should be no more than one way of doing the same thing.
5. Other rules will be made up when necessary.

Is this repository a centralizing factor?

To promote interoperability, we need standards that everybody can follow, and we need them to define a single way of doing each thing without ever hurting backwards-compatibility, and for that purpose there is no way around getting everybody to agree on the same thing and keep a centralized index of these standards. However the fact that such an index exists doesn't hurt the decentralization of Nostr. At any point the central index can be challenged if it is failing to fulfill the needs of the protocol and it can migrate to other places and be maintained by other people.

It can even fork into multiple versions, and then some clients would go one way, others would go another way, and some clients would adhere to both competing standards. This would hurt the simplicity, openness and interoperability of Nostr a little, but everything would still work in the short term.

There is a list of notable Nostr software developers who have commit access to this repository, but that exists mostly for practical reasons, as by the nature of the thing we're dealing with the repository owner can revoke membership and rewrite history as they want -- and if these actions are unjustified or perceived as bad or evil the community must react.

How this repository works

Standards may emerge in two ways: the first way is that someone starts doing something, then others copy it; the second way is that someone has an idea of a new standard that could benefit multiple clients and the protocol in general without breaking backwards-compatibility and the principle of having a single way of doing things, then they write that idea and submit it to this repository, other interested parties read it and give their feedback, then once most people reasonably agree we codify that in a NIP which client and relay developers that are interested in the feature can proceed to implement.

These two ways of standardizing things are supported by this repository. Although the second is preferred, an effort will be made to codify standards emerged outside this repository into NIPs that can be later referenced and easily understood and implemented by others -- but obviously as in any human system discretion may be applied when standards are considered harmful.

Breaking Changes

Breaking Changes

License

All NIPs are public domain.

Contributors